THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY G15.03 PER UNIVERSITY LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN The person charging this material is responsible for its renewal or return to the library on or before the due date. The minimum fee for a lost item is $1 25.00, $300.00 for bound journals. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. Please note: self-stick notes may result in torn pages and lift some inks. Renew via the Telephone Center at 217-333-8400, 846-262-1510 (toll-free) or circlib@uiuc.edu. Renew online by choosing the My Account option at; http://www.library.uiuc.edu/catalog/ .HOV 2 2010 'JAN 24 2011 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2014 https://archive.org/details/pharmaceuticaler4819pars fcTn;.!^. w iJ» — JfJ4 — lii- ii^ ESTABUSHED 1887 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERAll I AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY PUBUC^ON FOR THE^RU^^lDE_| Vol. XLVIII New York, January, 1915 No. 1 The Pharmaceutical Era. PUBLISHED OX THE FIRST OF EACH MONTH. D. O. Haynes & Co. . . . Publishers No. 3 Park Place, New York Telephone, 7646 Barclay. Cable Address, "Era, New York." SUBSCRIPTION RATES: single Copies, 15 cents. D mestic Rates to U.S., Cuba, Hawaii, Porto Rico, the Philippines and Mexico {LOO a year To Canada, postpaid 1.50 a year To Foreign Countries in Postal Union 2.00 a year The Er.\ Price List with Subscription, SOc. a Copy. PRICES INXLUDE POSTAGE AND PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. REMIT by P.O. or Express Order or New York Draft payable to order of D. O. Haynes & Co. Add 10 cents for collection charges if you send local check. Published at No. 3 Park Place, Borough of Manhattan, New York, by D. O. Haynes & Co., a corporation: President and treas- urer, D. O. Haynes; vice-president, E. J. Kennedy; secretary, N. W. Haynes. Address of Officers is No. 3 Park Place, New York. Entered at the New York Post-Office as Second-class Matter. Copyright, 1914, by D. O. Haynes & Co. All rights reserved. Title Registered in the United States Patent Office. Table of Contents. Editorlxl and Pharmaceutical Pages 1-24 Editorials 1-4 Correspondence 5-6 Relations of the U. S. P. to the Law and tlie General Public 7-9 Lo the Poor Druggist and Why 9-10 Jottings from Great Britain 10 Cost Accounting, the Chain Store's Ally 11 Foreign Abstracts 13-14 New Remedies 14 Question Box 15-16 Closing Drug Stores on Sunday 17 Selected Formulas 18 Legal Decisions 19 Women in Pharmacy 21-22 Harrison Bill Signed by President 24 News and Trade Section Pages 25-48 Mostly Personal 25-27 Obituaries 27-29 FuUer-Morrisson Corporation 29 Associations, Clubs, etc 30 Flavoring Extract Manufacturers establish Scholarship 32 Deviation from Standards Permissible 36 From the Business Field 37-39 Board Examinations 40 Patents. Trademarks, etc 43-44 Drug Markets 45-47 INDEX TO ADVERTISERS Page 48 INDEX TO GOODS ADVERTISED Pages 44-47 INDEX TO READING PAGES Page 48 MEETING CHAIN-STORE COMPETITION In all of our large cities, and in the suburban towns adjacent to these cities, the leading question with every smaller druggist is: How can I meet the competition of these big chain stores? There is no use trying to put this matter aside with some casual reply— for it is the one big bread- and-butter question with many of these smaller druggists, and something should be done to help them answer it successfully. By " chain- store " we do not mean the druggist who operates two or three or perhaps a half-dozen stores in his city, and who, as a rule, works in har- mony with the other druggists and local business conditions. But we mean the big combinations with their unlimited capital and aggressive advertising, cut-rate methods, who try to dominate aU the busi- ness in their localities and who seem to operate on the principle that they are the only ones who have a right to live. It is idle to say that there are only a few such concerns and that they confine their operations to our larger centers of population, for they are con- ■stantly spreading out, and opening new stores, often in comparatively small cities; and it seems to be their policy to "cover the country" as fast as they can find the men and the locations that promise a fair return on the capital invested. It is not our purpose, at this time, to debate the economic value of these organizations from the con- sumer's standpoint. That question is open to a liberal discussion both for and against it. But from a purely trade basis : What should be done to meet this competition? In the first place we must admit that these com- binations are of no advantage to the wholesale drug- gists and their advantage to the manufacturer is often in doubt. So far as the sale of any medicinal or toilet preparation is concerned, as soon as such an article has any distinct sale the chances are that the chain-store will have a substitute of its own, or else cut the original until all other druggists are forced to discourage its sale. Many a manufacturer, who has had a comfortable feeling when he saw these stores pushing his goods has later had good cause to regret it. But to return to our original question "Wliat can be done to help the rank and file of druggists to meet this competition? 528550 2 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [Januaby, 1915 Primarily no druggist can be helped who will not make reasonable efforts to help himself. There are thousands of druggists who (tie. willing to do all their facilities and resources will peiinit, and it is these druggists who should be encouraj^ed. The first essential is to help these druggists in their BUYING, so that they will be put on a more equal basis to meet corporate competition;) and this is something in which the wholesale drug- gists must help the retailers — or the retailers must help themselves. In other words, can the jobbers buy cheap enough so that they can make a fair profit and supply the retailers at a price that will enable the latter to sell in competition with these chain-stores? It is a question if the jobbers can do this, even if they made a special effort to do it. The big chain- store claims to buy as cheap or cheaper than the jobber. There is a tendency among the jobbers to consolidate, as recently shown in Chicago, and there have been rumors of other such consolidations. This may help the situation, but will it protect the retailers in cities where the chain-stores are active ? To a certain extent, the retailers in some of these cities have protected themselves, with their mutual buying clubs and companies, but in a city say of ten druggists the combined orders of these drug- gists on many items would not secure the lowest price. If on the other hand, a thousand or ten thousand druggists should combine their orders, such a volume of business would command the best consideration of sellers. , If a group of the largest jobbers should com- bine their orders, the voliune of such business would be many times larger than that of the largest chain-store buyer, and might enable these jobbers to take better care of their retailers, par- ticularly if special prices were given to those re- tailers who are confronted by chain-store competi- tion. The time has not yet arrived when money does not count in buying, or when the size of an order does not affect the price. The size of the retailers' orders, either placed direct through their own combination or through the jobbers, must be equal or larger than the chain-store man's order, or they will not buy as cheap and consequently cannot sell as cheap. This is a problem which our wholesale druggists nuLst solve sooner or later. It may radically change their business methods, but they must show them- selves equal to meeting the conditions or the re- tailers in self-protection will be compelled to do their buying direct from the manufacturers and the importers. One thousand druggists at $1,000 each means $1,000,000 capital and ten thousand druggists at only $100, each would give an equal amount of working capital. We do not loiow how it can be worked out, but these i-etail druggists who are forced into competition with these big chain-stores must BUY AS CHEAP as their com- petitors, or be satisfied with smaller profits. It does not seem impossible that some closer co-operation between the jobbers and the retailers might solve the problem to their mutual advantage. The wholesalers are the ones to take the initiative for it is their customers who are affected. We are positive that the retailers -wall welcome any plan that will bring the desired relief. But the time is past when the jobbers should assume an antagonistic attitude towards the combinations of retailers who are forced to buy on more favorable terms to meet local competition. The importance of this subject to both the re- tail and the wholesale drug trade is our excuse for bringing it forward. Something must be done to- meet a growing competition, which is backed by all kinds of money, and this money too, is largely supplied by the drug trade — indirectly supplied,, we admit — but, none the less, so supplied. A NEEDED REFORM The vast amoimts of criticism, just and unjust, which have been directed against the drugstore sa- loon and the saloon drugstore, and the growing- feeling on the part of druggists that they are car- rying too heavy a burden when they are classed as retail liquor dealers and made to pay the re- tailer 's tax, have led to several outbursts against the present laws regulating the sale of alcohol or alco- holic liquids for medicinal and technical purposes- The N. A. R. D., at its recent meeting, went oq record as favoring the passage of a law that will more strongly differentiate between the medicinal and beverage sales of alcohol than the present laws: do, and suggested that efforts be directed to- ward the reduction of the retail tax for druggists to> five dollars. Mr. Martin I. Wilbert now points out a new factor which may prove of the greatest, value in securing legislation of the kind sought. The principle of the registration and record of sales of certain classes of drugs, embodied in the pending Harrison Bill, should be extended to in- clude the sales of alcohol for legitimate purposes by druggists, thus supplying the revenue depart- ments with the necessary information to locate all dealer in alcohol or alcoholic liquids for medicinal purposes, and differentiate them from those selling- such goods as beverages, and also permitting of the more easy enforcement of prohibition and local op- tion laws in the districts affected. However, it would scarcelj' seem needful, as is: proposed, to increase the registration fee to such an amount that the revenue shall be equivalent to that now collected from the retail drug trade luader the present laws. A movement is on foot in this- city, based on a careful study of the situation, to have enacted just such legislation as is referred to, but the fixing of a high fee is not part of the plan. There is the best evidence to show that if the fee is lowered, many more druggists would be pay the tax and register as dealers than find it jtrofitable to do so at the existing higli rates, and the total revenue would in all probability be increased, although the individual payment was nuich more reasonable. Here is a case where the retail druggist does not seem to bo getting justice. In order to sell any alcohol or alcoliolic liquids at all. ho nuist pay the veiy higli taxes required of nil retail li(iu(>r dealers, and even though his Jaxuary, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA intentions are strictly honest in regard to selling alcoholic liquids as beverages, he is soon subjected to annoyance by other officials, vA\o suspect his motives in obtaining his license, and from the shal- low-thinking public, who seize the CKH\asion for caustic remarks. "We trust most heartily that con- ■certed action on the part of the many drug organ- izations -will bear fruit, and that the retailor who is honestly trying to comply with the law may thus be rescued from the unpleasant position in which, through no fault of his own, he is so often placed. WHO SHALL PAY THE STAMP TAX? In this issue of the Er.v appear the resolutions of the ^lemphis Drug Club protesting against the ac- tion of the manufacturers of proprietary' and toilet articles who have advanced their prices on ac- count of the imposition of the stamp tax, and also a communication from a subscriber who enumerates & list of such preparations upon which the prices have already been advanced. The action of the [Memphis druggists is strongly indicative of the -views of everj- retailer. In the position they have taken they are quite right, and it is proper that they should register a most emphatic protest against being saddled with an assessment that Congress in- tended should be the manufacturers' contribution to the war tax. It is difficult enough-to raise the various taxes imposed upon an already heavily taxed en- terprise like the retail drug business, but when the effort is made to pass along to dealer or con- sumer the tax which should be rightfully paid by the manufacturer, the action becomes obnoxious and works an injustice. The question is fairly met by the Memphis drug- gists. They do not blacklist any of the prepara- tions on which the prices have been advanced, but they do tell the manufacturer that they cannot further continue the active, aggressive sale of pre- parations the tax upon -which is sought to be placed upon them as dealers, and that in order to properly •conduct their business they must discontinue the presentation to the public of such articles and will iiereafter encourage the sale of those preparations upon which the tax is ju.stly paid by the manufac- turer. This is the position the Era has advocated from the first in its discussion of the Stamp Tax Act as applied to retail druggists. The profit on the sale of such articles at best is only nominal, -and barely a li\'ing wage is derived therefrom. To further reduce this paltrv- remuneration in the face •of increased cos-t of doing business, the payment of the stamp tax by the dealer becomes an assess- ment on the retail drug trade that is neither equi- table nor proportionate to the taxes exacted of other business men. The situation and the manner of dealing with it are equally clear and obvious. As a business pro- position the dealer cannot stand the tax and con- tinue merchandizing, nor can he practicably pass the tax along to the consumer. He is not compelled, bowever, to sell goods that do not pay him a living profit, and it is his own loss if he undertakes to •dispense charity in this unbusinesslike manner. THE LATE GEORGE MERRELL In the death of George Merrell, notice of which is chronicled in the news pages of this issue of the VjR\, phannacy loses an energetic representative and a man who possessed many sterling qualities. The circumstance that a man was bom in the atmosphere of a drug store, is, as a rule, not an important factor in the subsequent life of the ma- jority of those who thus start out in the world. But there is no doubt that when this fact is con- sidered in connection w'ith the life work of George ]\Ierrell, the impressions and environment of his early life did give direction to subsequent effort, and caused him to devote his energies to the busi- ness upon w4iich he indelibly stamped his name. The father, Dr. William Stanley Merrell, was one of the pioneers in the investigation of a number of American medicinal plants, and the discovery and introduction of the resin of podophyllum and of the alkaloids and salts of hydrastis and sangui- naria, are specific instances of the valuable service he rendered to medicine — therapeutic agents which are now employed by medical men throughout the civilized w^orld. That the son must have been in- fluenced by the knowledge of these facts is not difficult to believe, and from the time when as a yoimg man he first entered his father's business, until he completed his life work, he traveled in the direction of progress, true to the ideals of the high- est professional standards as exemplified by his father, but accelerated and made more emphatic by commercial conceptions and a persistence that gained for him and his house a reputation that placed him among the pioneers of pharmaceutical manufac- turing in this country. Industry has ever been a characteristic of suc- cessful men in the world's Hall of Fame, and the aphorism that ' ' there is no excellence without great labor" represents very closely the genius that lay behind the attainments of George Merrell. He knew the value of honesty, hard work and intelli- gent direction, the most important factors in reach- ing the highest achievements. His charities are said to have been many and unostentatious, and the trait in his character that endeared him to those that knew him best, was his unselfish devotion to his family. George Merrell vsdll long be favorably remembered by many in the drug trade. INTEREST IN IMPORTS So keen is the interest in the arrival of drugs and chemicals from foreign countries that our weekly edition. Weekly Drug Markets, now in- cludes in its list of imports the manifests of each Tuesday preceding the day of publication (Wednes- day). As the war progresses these airivals are watched carefuUy by all factors of the trade. It is noted that with few exceptions the movement of goods from abroad at present is freer than it has been since the beginning of hostilities. 4 THE PHAIiMACEUTICAL ERA [Januaey, 1915 But what will to-morrow bring forth? As long as naval battles are possible the situa- tion in an hour can be totally changed. In war it is the unexpected that happens. CUT OUT THE DEAD WOOD A HALF-DOZEN representatives of the pharmaceu- tical profession attended a recent meeting of the Section of Medicine, of the New York Academy of Medicine, held at Hosack hall. One of the commendable features of the gathering, observable to at least three of those present, was the arrange- ment of the program, whereby six forcible, meaty ten-minute addresses were presented, together with the brief ensuing discussions, within a period of about one and three-quarter hours. Each speaker, knowing that his remarks would be limited to ten minutes or thereabouts, drove home his points in that time. There was none of that monotone oral rambling which sometimes so fatigues an audience that at the conclusion of the paper or address it is actually hostile to the author. Among the speakers at this meeting were a pro- fessor of Cornell University Medical School, three well-known physicians of this city, a member of the Department of Health and a director of a large drug store corporation. If they can be thus expeditious in their professional declamations, others can do the same. In fact, all that is needed in this direction is a little arbitrary action in the arrangement of the program of a meeting. If the presentation of a symposium of opinions is the pur- pose of a meeting, limit the meeting to that pro- gram. If a technical paper and its ensuing dis- cussion will require two hours, dispense with the minutes and other routine matter until a future meeting. The absorption power of the human mind should be considered. Routine gives continuity to the work of an organization, but it should not be permitted to retard the progress of a profession. It is right here that a capable secretary may render himself invaluable. INDEX TO VOLUME XLVII OF THE ERA A COMPLETE index to Volume XLVII of The Pharmaceutical Era, covering the year 1914 is now in the course of preparation and will soon be ready for distribution. Copies may be obtained by subscribers who will send requests for the same to the publishers. Whitewash Powder Alum 1 pound Borax 1 pound Gum arabic 2 pounds White dextrin 4 pounds Plaster of paris 16 pounds Zinc white 16 pounds Paris white 56 pounds Mix all of the ingredients after having previously reduced them separately to fine powder, and pass through a sifter. Put up in 1 -pound packages. Direct to use a pound with a pint of boiling water, adding at once water enough to bring to a suit- able consistency. Any desired color may be added before mix- ing with water. ANENT THE N. Y. COMPENSATIOIT ACT LOUIS K. LIGGETT COMPANY, Boston, Mass., December 20, 1914. Editor The Pharmaceuticutical Era: Your December issue, page 572, contains an opinion by "G.A.S." relative to the New York Compensation Act. In this connection the attached correspondence may be of interest to you: State Workmen's Compensation Commission, State of New York, Albany, N. Y. Gentlemen : Referring to Chapter 816 of the laws of the State of New York, known as the Workmen's Compensation Law, we desire to obtain information with respect to the retail drug stores owned and operated by us. We find in the copy of the law that Group 25 applies to Manufacture of explosives and dan- gerous chemicals, corrosive acids or salts, ammonia, gasoline, petroleum, petroleum products celluloid, gas, charcoal, artificial ice, gun powder or ammunition, and Group 28 applies to Manufacture of drugs and chemicals, not specified in Group 25, medicines dyes, extracts, phar- maceutical or toilet preparations soaps, candles, perfumes, non-corrosive acids or chemical preparations fertilizers, including garbage disposal plants; shoe blacking or polish. We can find nothing in the law that it applies to the em- ployes of a retail drug store, as its business is not hazardous, is not the manufacture of the article^ specified, but the business of a retail drug store is the sale of merchandise at retail. The Commission has undoubtedly made some decision or ruling with respect to drug store employes, if so, we shall be glad to receive a copy of it, together with such other in- formation relative to the Act as you have for distribution. Thanking you for this information, we are, Very respectfully Louis K. Liggett Company. STATE workmen's COMPENSATION COMMISSION Albany, N. Y. New York City Office, June 22, 1914. Louis K. Liggett Company, 719 Atlantic avenue, , Boston, Mass. Dear Sirs: Referring to your letter of June 10, 1914, although we do not feel that this Commission can properly be asked to mate ruling or interpretations, except in concrete cases coming before it for decision, nevertheless we would say in reply to your inquiry that you are not covered by the Act. Please understand that the above is not to be 'aken in any way to be binding upon this Commission, but to be merely ax informal expression cf opinion. We take pleasure in sending you herewith a copy of the law Very truly yours, (signed) Frank A. Spencer, Secretary. Chilblain Remedy Bismuth salicylate 2 drams Pulverized starch 18 drams First bathe the chilblains in a decoction of walnut leaves; then rub with spirit of camphor and cover with powder. To quiet the itching, use the following: Glycerin 1 ounce Rose water 1 oun e Tannic acid 1 grain Mix and use as a lotion, and then dust on the above pow- der. Catarrhal Balm Boric acid, in fine powder 120 grains Salicylic acid, in fine powder 30 grains Bismuth subcarbonate 120 grains Menthol 10 grains Petrolntum 4 ounces Rub the powders together with the menthol and. having melted the petrolatum, while it is cool incorporate the powder and stir until it becomes solid. January, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 5 Correspondence WAK CAUSES LOSS TO SCIEITCE Editor, The Pharmaceutical Era : I am just in receipt of some German chemical periodicals in which are given the names of some sixty members of the Ger- man Chemical Society, who, in the present European war up ' to Oct. 6, have laid down their lives on the field of battle in I the defense of their countrj-, and also a further list of the ' names of sixty-seven who have earned the iron cross for con- " spicuous braver)'. Among tlie sixty dead are mostly to be 1 found the names of those who were doctors of philosophy, che- mical engineers, chemists, proprietors of manufacturing estab- I lishments and professors; in other words, all were men of a high order of learning and attainments. The list furnishes a rather sad commentary on the ultimate results of the war, for no matter who the victor may be, it I shows the needless sacrifice of lives which can be replaced only through several generations of learning and practical experience. ' Just so many units and nuclei representing this wealth of knowledge have been removed from the world's toilers in the i field of progress. It needs but little reflection to understand , that the loss of so many valuable lives in the field of practical experience is a direct loss to the world at large, since most of I the men who are gone were of a class whose learning is ac- quired through personal application of scientific knowledge. Their personal observations and application made them strong in their knowledge of facts, much of which will take years for further generations to reacquire. That so large a percentage of chemists during the brief period of the war should be found among the dead, speaks volumes for the devotion with which they answered the call in defence of family and home. The proportionately large num- bers of those who have already earned the iron cross for I conspicuous bravery on the field of battle, shows that they [ were made of stuff that spells the determination to get there. I That men from all walks and stations in life have taken up ; arms and marched shoulder to shoulder in defence of their ' Fatherland which has been the nucleus for the scientific uplift of the world at large, should furnish food for thought to the [ battery of pencil pushers which is doing its utmost to besmirch j the escutcheon of a nation to which this country at least in every stage owes much of its progress. One cannot help but feel when scanning a list of the dead of the needless sacrifice of life such a war entails, but when confronted with a list 1 like that referred to above, the fundamental difference between 1 quality and quantity among numbers of men stands out in bold relief. Yours truly, I New York, Nov. 24, 1914. Joseph F. Geisler. PROPBIETORS TO HAVE AN ORGAN- Editor, The Pharmaceutical Era : De.\r Sir: Standard Remedies, an organ of the proprietary manufacturing branch of the drug business, will make its ini- tial appearance about Jan. 1, 1915, and will appear monthly thereafter. It will be published from the Chicago office of the Proprietary Association, with Ervin F. Kemp, for nearly ten years Secretary of Committees of the Proprietary Association, as editor. The new publication will be in no way competitive with any of the excellent existing drug trade papers, all of which are primarily organs of the retail trade. It will circulate to manu- facturers and will make a feature of assembling and condensing news of especial interest and importance to manufacturers of proprietar>- articles, medicinal and cosmetic. No great effort will be made to secure advertising patronage, and none in com- petition with the existing drug trade papers. Its patronage will come from manufacturers of supplies sold to the manu- facturing trade, and others, whose appeal is exclusively to manufacturers. Standard Remedies ■will not attempt to promote the manu- facturing branch of the trade at the expense of any other branch, — rather it will endeavor, as all good drug trade papers should, to promote understanding, co-operation and unity be- tween all branches of the trade. It wants to be regarded not as an interloper, but as an additional shoulder to the wheel; it asks only to be allowed to carry a share of the burden of promoting better understanding and to be permitted to join in the circle for a discussion of trade subjects of mutual in- terest. The Editor of Standard Remedies has smelled ink be- fore, and it is sweet to him. He asks only to sit at the feet of the brethren who for years have been in the drug trade publication field. He has little to teach and much to learn. He, very frankly, will see things from the standpoint of the manufacturer, and if, from that standpoint, he can be admitted to the charmed circle, he will be very glad. I want to express my sincere admiration for the editors of the drug trade papers. No trade that I know of is as ably represented in its trade press as the ckug trade, and I feel quite deeply the responsibility tliat rests upon me. I will take pleasure in putting your name on our exchange list. Very sincerely, Chicago, Dec. 4, 1914. E. F. Kemp. Manufacturers' Prices and Stamp Tax Jacobs Pharmacy Co. Atlanta, Ga., December 22, 1914 Editor, The Pharmaceutical Era. Sir — The majority of manufacturers are treating the drug- gists fairly on the stamp tax. There are a few however, who are attempting to shift the burden to the retail druggist, and some few who are endeavoring to make a profit out of the stamps; the latter class, however, I am glad to say is very small, but they should not be overlooked. So far as our records show the following manufacturers are not allowing stamps for goods on hand December 1, are increasing the price of their goods to cover the cost of stamps: 1. W. & B. Swedish Hair Powder advanced from $4.00 and $8.00 to $4.25 and $8.50. 2. Philo Hay Specialty Company advanced from $2.00, $4.00 and $8.00 to $2.08, $4.15 and $8.30. 3. The Queen Chemical Company advanced the price of Queen Gray Hair Restorer from $4.00 and $7.50 to $4.50 and $8.00. 4. Ferd. Hopkins & Son advanced Gouraud's Oriental Cream to cover the cost of the stamps. 5. Mark W. Allen & Company advanced the price of Mrs. Allen's Hair Restorer to cover the cost of the stamps. 6. The Giroux Mfg. Company advanced the price of Parisian Sage to cover the cost of the stamps. 7. The Wyeth Chemical Company advanced to cover the cost of the stamps. 8. Scheffler's Colorine advanced to cover cost of the stamps. 9. The Borine Company advanced to cover cost of stamps. 10. Mme. A. Kuppert advanced to cover cost of the stamps. 11. Paul Westphal advanced price of Auxiliator to cover cost of the stamps. 12. Knowlton Danderine Company advanced price Danderine to cover cost of stamps. 13. Mrs. Gervaise Graham advanced goods, $4.00 to $4.20, $8.00 to $8.40 and $12.00 to $12.60. 14. M. Stein Cosmetic Company advanced price to cover cost of stamps. 15. Mrs. Potter's Hair Stain advanced from $2.00 to $2.10, $4.00 to $4.20, $6.00 to $6.30, $8.00 to $8.4Q and so on through the list. 16. The Lyon Mfg. Company advanced the price of Hagan's Magnolia Balm and Lyon's Kathairon to cover the cost of stamps. The swan song of the manufacturers who are charging the stamp tax says: "We add the stamp tax to the jobber, the jobber to the retailer and the retailer to the consumer". This sounds well, but it stops at the retailer. Certainly there can be no question about this in all cities where full prices prevail, as they do in a large proportion of the cities in the United States. We are aware of the increased cost of doing business; with the retailer it has increased in the last ten years from 18%- 20% to 25%-28%, and in some instances as high as 30% and 35%. At the best there is only about 33% profit in $2.00, $4.00 and $8.00 preparations, and under the existing conditions there is no profit to the average retail druggist. The manu- ; 6 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [January, 1915 facturer is the one who gets a profit from the sale of patent medicines. A number of those who have advanced prices say it is due largely to advance in prices since the European War, some claiming that many of the ingredients are imported. We know that there was considerable advance in some lines when the war began, but the reaction has come, and the reports from the market now give two declines to one advance, and in most instances former prices prevail, some lower. I believe that it is conceded the average 25c. preparation does not cost more than SOc. per dozen to make, allowing 50c. a dozen for advertising, giving more profit to the manufac- turer than to the retailer who is handling it out over the counter a bottle at a time. We manufacture several toilet preparations that have more or less sale in this section and we have allowed the whole- saler and retailer credit stamps for all goods on hand Decem- ber 1, and expect to stamp our goods without any advance in price. I believe that all other manufacturers of preparations affected by this tax should do the same thing. The retail druggists can correct this if they will only make up their minds to act. Chas. a. Smith. Qualifications of the Druggist Editor, The Pharmaceutical Era : Dear Sir: I am submitting herewith an outline of my idea of what should constitute a druggist : 1. Age: The person should be of lawful age. 2. Ability: He should be able to answer all the questions in an examination which allude to absolute pharmacal items and nothing else. 3. Catch Questions: Should not be permitted. 4. Financial Questions: Should not be allowed. 5. Scholarship: From my viewpoint this does not require discussion. What we are trying to do is to get a person able to fill in a proper manner any prescription which can be com- pounded and not to show the board how much he knows. I think that if the candidate is able to read Shakespeare under- standingly, and is acquainted with the arithmetical solution of mathematical difficulties he is amply equipped for pharmacy in that direction. 6. Languages: In this country Latin is not necessary for success as a druggist, for he can get from any of the pharma- ceutical works all the knowledge of this subject that he needs. 7. Manufacture: I am free to say that in no case do I ever make any tincture, elixir, fluidextract, water or liquor, nor do I .fill any prescription without consulting the U. S. P., a work on pharmacy, or the Formulary, nor do I think that any other •druggist should do this kind of work without consulting these references. Therefore, all questions of memory should be dis- icarded from examinations. S. Identification: The identification of drugs is very im- portant. No applicant should be allowed to pass without a good knowledge of the appearance of drugs. 9. Health: As the present method of examination seems to be to find out all that one knows and not to examine his health record we may pass over this qualification. 10. Chemistry: A knowledge of chemistry is absolutely neces- sary to the equipment of a good pharmacist. Without chemis- try he can not safely attempt any pharmacal work. Of course, after being blown up a number of times, he might let some things alone, but it would be better if he knew what or not to try. 11. Materia Medica : This subject should be a strong point in the applicant's examinations. If he is well grounded in materia medica, chemistry, the identification of drugs, arithme- tic and reading and writing, he is amply prepared to take his place in pharmacy. The chief effort of the highly educated and legislative patent medicine people seems to be to keep any man from ever be- coming a druggist instead of assisting him to a business. First, the druggists themselves went into the business of making druggists; then they went to the legislature and asked for laws to keep everybody out of the play but themselves. When they had become sufficiently segregated, they put a new clause in the requirements, and started the doctors on the clue_. They have never .seemed satisfied about the necessary requirements and acquirements of a man seeking to learn the apofheke ge- scheft and want the restrictions sifted down so fine that no one •except a professor can fill a prescription and he must be a doctor at that ! They have encouraged the people at large to think that every druggist needs watching, but the doctors are .■superior human beings. It would be impossible for one of them to make a mistake. Not only this, but the United States Congress itself takes the view that the drueeists and the doc- tors desire. They put heavy taxes on retail druggists which should be placed on the manufacturers; they oppress them with all sorts of preventive, prohibitory and poison laws (What is a poison?). They make the druggist knuckle to the doctor, and do not consider that the apothecary is the one and only chance between a case of poisoning and the life of a patient. The conscientious druggist is necessarily a man of noble characteristics, and you will find that in every case requiring a gentle, thoughtful and kind person to act, the druesist is the one looked for. See how he opens his door to the paying stamp trade; the paying proposition of supplying a seat in a comfortable place for the next car, permitting a consultation of the dispensatory, or a look at the directory! If anything is needed for which no one is to pay the druggist is always selected for the place and he does the work. The people for- get that the druggist has some kindnesses coming to him also. His profits are so large (?) he can afford an auto, he is one of the grande riche. But go into his private office and you will see a man who is continually harassed with business cares, who is ever on the watch for attempts to constrict his business and to keep off the inspector and detective from his doors. I could continue telling of the hardships of the druggist, but there would be no use in dwelling on so harrowing a subject, the occasion will have to wear itself out. It is no satisfaction to think that druggists themselves are responsible for all they have got; that if they had been a little less afraid of those who in the nature of things could not hurt them, they would have done better for themselves. But all of that is too late. What they do now must be in the way of re- traction and retrenchment. I am sorry to have taken so much of your valuable time, but I have indicated some of the causes for the condition of things as they exist. . Respectfully, "Glyptic." Peruvian Tooth Powder Peruvian bark ]/2 ounce Myrrh ounce Charcoal ounce Orris root ounce Precipitated rhalk ]/2 ounce Separately powder each of the substances named, then thor- oughly mix and sift. Particularly recommended for use where the teeth are decayed, the gums inflamed, and the breath offen- sive. • Wash for Gums after Tooth Extraction Potassium chlorate 2 drams Tincture of krameria 4 drams Glycerin 4 drams Rose water 2 ounces Water, enough to make 8 ounces Dissolve the potassium chlorate in 4 ounces of the water; mix the tincture of krameria, glycerin and rose water in the order named, add to the potassium chlorate solution, and make up to 8 fl. ounces with the remainder of the water. Use six or eight times daily as a mouth wash. Saccharin Mouth "Wash Saccharin 1 gram Sodium bicarbonate 1 gram Salicylic acid 4 grams Alcohol 150 grams Peppermint water 50 grams !Mix. Half a traspoonfui to a glass of tepid water as a mouth wash in gingivitis (inflammation of the gums). Antiseptic Bath Tablets Sodium bicarbonate 3 ounces Tartaric acid ounces Starch powder 4 ounces Oil of lemon Yi dram Oil of orris (or ionone) 5 minims Oil of ylang-ylang 5 minims ]SIix the oils with the starch, add the other ingredients, and mass with methylated ether, containing 20 grains of benzoin in each ounce. Divide into tablets and dr>-. January, 1915] THE phar:\iaceutical era 7 Relations of the United States Pharmacopoeia to the Law and the General Public* By Dr. J. H. BEAL, TJrbana, 111. FIFTY years is comparatively a long time in the history of a college of pharmacy in a country as young as ours; and when that fifty years is as well tilkd witli progres- sive, fruitful endeavor as is the history of tho St. Louis Col- lege of Pharmacy, the celebration of its jubilLC anniversiiry is an event of no small conse- quence. The time is also long enough to link together two distinct periods in the development of pharmacy : the period when the calling of tlie pharmacist was largely of an individual and personal character, when he largely manufactured his few classes of comparatively simple galenicals from crude or nearly crude drugs, and the present period when he han- dles mainly the products of other manufacturers, — prod- ucts bewildering alike for their multitude and complex- ity — while he has almost for- gotten the very appearance of the simples and crude raw James H. Beal materials which once consti- tuted his chief stock in trade. Whether the change is one of retrogression or progression depends upon the viewpoint and prejudices of the observer, though it is worth noting that there is now perhaps a better opportunity for the material pros- perity of the alert, aggressive, well-trained pharmacist than ever before; and it is a well established fact that in the equipping of men to successfully utilize the opportunities of the present day, the St. Louis College of Pharmacy stands well to the front among institutions of its kind. It is fitting, also, that the Pharmacopoeia should have a place among tlie topics of this jubilee celebration, since repre- sentatives from the faculty of this institution have contributed materially to the development of that volume, and whether as members of the Committee of Revision, of the Board of Trus- tees, or as officers of the Pharmacopoeial Convention, have dis- tinguished themselves by noteworthy ability and by constructive work of lasting value. United States and Foreign Pharmacopeias You are doubtless all familiar with the fact that the United States Pharmacopoeia originates with the United States Phar- macopoeial Convention, a body which assembles at Washington once in ten years, and made up of delegates from state and national medical and pharmaceutical societies, colleges of phar- macy and medicine, certain departments of the United States Government concerned in the inspection of drugs and medi- cines and the enforcement of the Federal laws relating thereto, and representatives appointed by the surgeons general of the U. S. Public Health Service and of the army and navy, and from certain scientific and technical organizations, such as the Association of Official .Agricultural Chemists, the American Chemical Society, the .\ssociation of State and National Food and Drug Departments, and representatives from other socie- ties of similar character; and it is probable that still other organizations having to do with drugs and medicines will be represented in future conventions. The convention thus represents the professions of medicine and pharmacy in the United States in the broadest possible way. It represents all recognized schools of medicine and their professional organizations; it represents those who manufacture and deal in drugs and medicinal products, those who employ them in the treatment of disease, and those who interpret and apply the laws relating to these subjects. The convention is the supreme governing body of the Phar- macopoeia. It passes upon the merits and demerits of the existing volume; prescribes in general terms the principles to be followed in the next revision, and elects and instructs a General Committee of Revision of 50 members, and a Board • Read at the Semi-Centennial Exercises of the St. Louis College of Pharmacy, November 10, 1914. of Trustees, of seven members, which administers the financial affairs of the corporation. The General Committee of fifty appoints from its members an Executive Committee of fifteen which has immediate charge of the researches and investigations, all of which, however, are subject to the approval of the General Committee. These re- searches are carried on in college and private laboratories, and the results are presented and discussed in circular letters, or at called meetings of the sub-committees having the particular problems in charge. The receipts from sales are devoted to the expenses of re- vision and publication, or to the conducting of investigations bearing upon future revisions ; or. in other words, all the in- come is devoted entirely to pharmacopoeial purposes, which in- cludes the expenses of the Board of Trustees and the expenses and honoraria of the Revision Committee. This method of making a pharmacopoeia is in striking con- trast to the practice in other countries, for while the United States Pharmacopoeia originates with the professions of medi- cine and pharmacy and is afterwards adopted by the govern- ment, the pharmacopoeias of foreign countries originate in re- verse order, that is, they are government owned and published, and are revised by committees appointed by some administra- tive department of the government, and when promulgated by official order become effective as legal standards. Foreign Pharmacopoeias Not Superior Certain of our fellow-citizens who are generally able to dis- cover virtues in foreign methods that they cannot find in those of domestic origin have proposed that we adopt the European method of revision, turn the Pharmacopoeia over to the United States Government, disband the U. S. P. Convention and divest the professions of pharmacy and medicine from their control of that work. Doubtless some things are done better abroad than at home, and we should not fail to follow the examples of other nations whenever we can find examples worth following; but to blindly prefer foreign methods simply because they are foreign is no less foolish than the disposition to regard everything American as superlatively good simply because it is American. If the foreign method of pharmacopoeial revision were su- perior to ours, a comparison of national pharmacopoeias should make that fact manifest. Such a comparison, however, does not justify the claimed superiority of the European method. On the contrary, an examination of the changes in successive re- visions of the pharmacopoeias of the world will show that Eu- ropean revisers have followed American precedents quite as frequently as they have preceded them, and that in more than one instance the U. S. P. has been the pioneer in innovations that the makers of other pharmacopoeias have later approved and adopted. Legislative bodies from their very nature cannot themselves create scientific standards; they can only adopt those which have been created by those having technical knowledge of the subjects to be standardized. In other words, the actual work of revision must always be conducted by those who have been especially trained in the knowledge of drugs and medicines, and the question we have to decide is whether the revision com- mittee should be selected as it now is, or should be selected and appointed by governmental authority. Surely there is nothing in American precedents to indicate that any legislative body, or that any executive officer or board could or would select a committee of revision as competent or as totally free from po- litical bias, and as little subject to the sordid influence of dis- honest business as the committee selected by the U. S. P. Con- vention. Indeed the most constant criticism of the Pharma- copoeia has been that it is not sufficiently considerate of business interests, and that its standards are unnecessarily high and impose unreasonable requirements upon manufacturers and dealers. The present method of making the United States Pharmaco- poeia is in full accord with the American doctrine that laws should be initiated by or originate with the people, instead of coming to the people from the government; and in very few instances is this principle so fully recognized or so clearly carried out as in the preparation of our national standard for drugs and medicines. 8 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [January, 1915 Leg-al Status of the Pharmacopeia It is a matter of common knowledge that the present or Eighth Decennial Revision of the Pharmacopoeia was adopted by Congress as one of the standards of the Federal Food and Drugs Act, and that it has also been accepted by the legisla- tures of the several states as the standard of the state food and drug laws, which has brought forth the criticism that the Pharmacopoeial Convention, though not recognized as a legisla- tive body by either Federal or State Constitutions, is neverthe- less permitted to exercise the law-making power, and '"is been alleged to be highly improper. This criticism is not warranted by the facts. The Pharma- copoeial Convention makes the Pharmacopoeia, but the latter does not become part of the law until formally adopted as such by the regularly constituted lawmaking bodies, all of which are free to reject any portion or the whole of the book. As a matter of fact, the Federal Government and many or perhaps all of the states have additional standards, some of which differ materially from those of the Pharmacopoeia. It is true that the Federal Food and Drugs Act, and some of the state laws provide that the standard of the law shall De the Pharmacopoeia "official at the time of investigation," which would seem to imply that as each new revision appears it shall automatically replace the preceding revision as the legal stan- dard. Whether such automatic substitution of a new Pharma- copoeia upon which the legislature has not passed judgment for one which was in existence when the law was enacted would constitute an unconstitutional delegation of legislative power is a question that can be settled only by judicial decision. In a case in Ohio where the question was raised, it was decided that the legislature could not adopt as a standard a book which was not in existence when the law was passed, and that the 'harmacopoeia in existence when the law was enacted must re- main the legal standard until a later revision has been recog- nized by a new enactment. Some who have had their attention called to this phase of the matter have hastily concluded that this situation affords an additional argument in favor of a government-owned phar- macopoeia, and that if the revision was accomplished by a committee of revision appointed by some government authority the resulting pharmacopoeia would thereby become a part of the law without legislative action. Those who hold this view have quite overlooked the fact that the decisions which have established the doctrine that legislative authority cannot be delegated* have mainly been in cases where attempts had been made to confer such authority upon administrative officers, and therefore that so far as legislative powers are concerned, execu- tive and administrative officers have only the status of private ritizens. Furthermore, even if some method of getting around this dif- ficulty should be devised and the revision of the Pharmacopoeia should be given into the hands of the U. S. Government, the same difficulty would remain with regard to the individual states of the Union, which would either have to adopt the U. S. standard by separate legislative action, or else each of them arrange for the creation of a separate pharmacopoeia. Tendency Toward Paternalism The proposition to make the revision of the Pharmacopoeia a governmental function involves much more, however, than the mere right of pharmacy and medicine to prescribe the con- tents of that volume. It is a part of the great question we are just beginning to seriously consider — whether our govern- ment shall continue along the safe road that has brought us to greatness and prosperity, or whether it shall be converted into a paternalistic and bureaucratic one. The serious student of political history can note only with disquiet the increasing frequency of propositions to confer upon the Federal Government the discharge of functions that have hitherto been reserved to the several states or left to individual enterprise and initiative, — a growing disposition to look unon the general government as a great, -good-natured giant, possessed of unlimited resources, and entirely incapable of injustice or op- pression. "Let Uncle Sam do it," is a cry which appeals both to our pride in the efficiency of the Federal Government and to our disposition to evade the responsibilities which attach to us as citizens of the individual states. Surely those who acquiesce in this measureless increase of * Such decisions are based upon the usual clause in American constitutions that "All legislative powers herein granted shall (je vested in a General Assembly," or language of similar import. Federal powers and functions have not read with sufficient care the lessons of the past. If there is one clearly established fact of political history, without a single contradicting exception, it is that a central government always tends to become still more centralized, and to constantly increase its powers over its subordinate divisions, and over the fortunes and private affairs of its citizens; and this tendency, if unchecked, invariably ends in unwarranted interference with the very liberties which the government was designed to preserve. Always this extension of governmental powers has been gained under the specious plea of seeking "the general good," and always it has ended by an arrogant assump- tion of the right to meddle in the minutest affairs of the citi- zen's daily life. Doubtless we know more about the practical applications of electricity than did Franklin and his associates when they de- vised the checks and balances of the American system of con- stitutional government, but we do not know one jot or tittle more than they did about the fundamental qualities of human nature or of the invariable tendency of governments to grow farther and farther away from the control of those who created them. These constitutional checks were not the hasty inven- tions of political theorists, but the dearly bought lessons of practical experience. The framers of the constitution knew that the giant of government could be kept good-natured and helpful only by carefully restricting his ability to do harm, and they imposed a system of constitutional limitations that re- duced the powers of the general government over the fortunes and liberties of the individual citizen to a minimum. The plan of the Fathers of the Constitution has worked well, so well in fact, that some of us have forgotten the dangerous character of a government of unlimited powers, and are thought- lessly ready to sacrifice the very safeguards that have made our government efficient for good, and have limited its power to do evil. Coercion in Religion and Medicine There seems to be an unfortunate disposition among those who are especially skilled in any line of activity to assume that their superior knowledge gives them the right to impose their peculiar theories upon all others, and of saying to those who are less informed than themselves, "You shall not have what you want, but what is good for you, and we are the people who know what is good for you." A similar disposition is, I fear, in some measure responsible for the proposition to issue a government-owned pharmacopoeia, the sponsors of the propo- sition hoping that such a pharmacopoeia would in due time be- come the supreme arbiter of medical and pharmaceutical prac- tice. There was a period when theologians assumed the same atti- tude with respect to the religious beliefs and practices of men. They reasoned, and very logically reasoned, that the ignorant layman could not possibly understand the mysteries of religion, nor devise rules for the regulation of moral conduct as wisely nor as well as could those who had made theolog>' and religious mysteries the subject of constant study. It took some centuries of bitter conflict to establish the gen- eral conviction that, notwithstanding the superior wisdom of the theologian in spiritual matters, yet in the aggregate, hu- manity would suffer less evil through permitting each human unit to follow its own religious promptings, ignorant though they might be, than to make his religious convictions the sub- ject of compulsion. Wisely, therefore, it has been almost universally decided to leave to each individual the widest liberty in the selection of his spiritual guides, and to place upon his religious practices no greater restriction than that they shall not interfere with the rights and liberties of others nor be offensive to the general moral sense of the community. No doubt this complete religious liberty has been responsible for much foolish religious emotionalism, and for the establish- ment of many silly religious cults, but notwithstanding, the world has passed on to wiser and clearer conceptions of man's relations to the Deity, and to a higher moral status of the aver- age individual. It will be well for those of us who may be in any way re- sponsible for the future policy of organized medicine and phar- macy to heed this lesson of the ages and to confine our propa- ganda to instruction and persuasion, rather than to the coercion of an unwilling laity into swallowing our particular pills and potions, if they ignorantly prefer some less orthodox and less efficient brand. January, 1915] THE phar:maceutical era 9 The medical boss can be no less offensive to the general moral sense than the religious boss; and even though some temporary- advantage might be gained through selfish legisla- tion, we may rest assured tliat eventually the declared policy of the state will be for as complete non-interference in medicine as in religion, and that the freedom of choice and action of the individual will be restricted only so far as may be neces- sary- to prevent intentional fraud and deception, and to pro- tect the remaining members of the comnuinity from damage. True Function of a Pharmacopoeia It has been somewhat strenuously claimed tliat unc of the main functions of a pharmacopoeia should bo tn instruct the physician what to prescribe. While confessing .sympaUiy witli all legitimate efforts to persuade the medical profession to utilize the remedial agents of the official list in preference to others, I must admit that I can find no warrant for such a claim in the proceedings of past pharmacupocial conventions. In reading these proceedings it will be (ii^rn\n.t w hat to dispense, and not to instruct the physici.m in therapeutics; to provide standards for known and used remedies and not to introduce new ones; in short, the main object has been to pro- vide a standard for the practice of pharmacy, not a guide for the practice of medicine. In a sense, then, a pharmacopoeia must always follow the practice of medicine; not precede it. Medicines are not in- troduced into pharmacopoeias in order to induce physicians to prescribe them, but because they have already obtained a place and vogue in the practice of medicine, and it is necessary- to provide defmite standards according to which they may be compounded and dispensed. What is the most appropriate remedy in a given case is, and probably always will be, largely a question of opinion, which must be decided by the judgment of the prescriber, but the prescription having been written, the problem has been brought into tlie sphere of material things where it can be assigned definite metes and bounds, and it is at this point that the Pharmacopoeia should begin to e.xercise its function. In conclusion, in my opinion a free Pharmacopoeia, such as w-e now have, even though not ideally perfect, is far more likely to be truly representative of the general average senti- ment of physicians and pharmacists, and far less likely to dogmatically interfere with either public or private rights than would probably be the case were that volume owned by the government, and revised under direct governmental supervision ; and we should hesitate long and ponder the question carefully before consenting to abandon a method of revision which has given us a standard that has always been recognized as easily the peer of other pharmacopoeias of parallel dates, and which will undoubtedly maintain the same relative rank in future issues. Cannabis in Liquid Combinations By ALBERT N. DOERSCHUK President Kansas City Drug- Club IT is frequently desirable to use cannabis indica in liquid combinations, which often prove unsatisfactory because of separation; usually the cannabis indica adheres to the bottle in gummy masses, and the patient does not get the medication intended. This drug should be given in bulky dilutions only. Pills and tablets containing cannabis indica, and fluid preparations given in drop doses, have frequently been known to quickly cause marked untoward effects. On the other hand, the value of this drug internally is not appreciated as it was twenty years ago, when it was largely depended on as a hypnotic, anodyne, ners-ine, sudorific, aphrodisiac and diuretic, giving gratifying results in chorea, hysteria, mental depression, ano- rexia, neuralgia, delirium, etc. The active properties of this drug are in the oil, resin and bitter principles; these are dissolved in alcohol only in its official liquid preparations which are very incompatible. Re- cent experiments with a physiologically standardized acetic fluidextract of cannabis indica containing only 37 per cent of alcohol, have proven very satisfactory. This fluidextract mixes nicely with liquids of the same alcoholic strength, and forms an excellent emulsion with liquids containing as low as 5 per cent of alcohol. This fluidextract will no doubt be found invaluable in general practice, where indicated, because of its full drug value, and its plastic physical properties. Lo, the Poor Druggist and Why?* By ROY BIRD COOK, Huntington, W. Va. BEFORE entering into any extensive discussion of this question, it will be necessary to give at least a passing consideration to the contributing influences governing the druggist's success, and the reasons to be ascribed if he fails in the acquisition of the same. Briefly summarized, they may be classified as follows: Loca- tion and equipment, financing, merchandizing, business system and piilicies. The first is a most important one, and yet often one most sadly neglected. It is advisable always to secure the most ad- vantageous location, provided, however, that the rental factor does not exceed the advantages secured thereby, as exhaustive investigations show that the rental should not, under average business conditions, exceed 5 per cent of the total sales. The equipment therein necessarily must be neat, attractive, .and modern, and while not elaborate must be, in a sense, one vast show case from the windows to the rear, and designed with the idea in view of displaying to the best possible advantage your wares, from a selling point of view. The show w-indow is an important factor in business success and should have the same careful study and attention that the other branches of your business receive. The character of your store is judged by its general appearance, and the buying public prefer to trade with the successful and aggressive mer- chant. Modern fronts, proper window backgrounds, up-to-the- minute fixtures, up-to-date soda fountain, proper illumination, and service, give your store an air of prosperity that is phe- nomenal in its psychological action on a buyer's mind. Study your equipment, give thoughtful consideration to new ideas a, 1- vanced, spend money judiciously on your windows, it will re- turn to you tenfold in sales. The big drug store of to-day is as scientifically efficient as any quasi-public service corporation and, as some one has aptly said, is a department store owned by a man with a college education. The second factor is one which is very self-evident in its re- lation to success, as no one can make his store reach the highest point in efficiency unless it is properly financed, and the lack of capital is one of the ranking causes on commercial records as the reason of failure. To buy well is the foundation for success in the commercial department of your business, and in this day and age, is the most important part of your business, as it controls to a large extent the selling end. To buy heavily in order to get a small discount is not always wise, and present day methods seem to indicate the hand-to-mouth method, rather than to load up heavily. Capital is not tied up, taxes, depreciation, insurance and upkeep are saved, and accumulation of dead stock is pre- vented. It makes your stock cleaner and admits of more turn- over, which is a profit securing feature which must not be missed if you would not be a poor druggist. These more than make up for the merits that heavy buying may possess. There certainly is much to commend the latter. Put a man in prison and his salary stops. Dollars are like human beings, a free dollar can earn more than one fastened up. Under normal con- ditions the longer the period between the time an article is bought and the time it is sold, the smaller the amount earned. If you make a net return of ten per cent, on each turn of a dollar, it is evident that it is better to buy .so that it will turn four times a year than to buy so that it will only turn once or twice — it earns four times more. ]\r;iny rhiiLj^ists are poor business men, although one hesitates to s:i\- it. < )ut of date methods of bookkeeping, neglecting the inviiitoi y 111 taking none at all, and lack of knowledge of profits because costs are not figured properly, make them so. It is im- possible to run your business and not have some method of analy.sis. You must know its every little detail and keep records of its every phase. Loose management, over buying, price cut- ting, '-^ui ssinn ;it costs and unscientific credit methods must be eradic I ted. l;u,>iness management has become a science; busi- ness oiiportunity a question of service. If you would not be a poor druggist, you must master both. You must know every day the cash sales, credit sales, goods bought, amount you owe, expense and bank account. Many good record systems can be installed. Do it now if you have none already. It is abso- lutely essential that an inventory be taken at least once a year. Insurance companies require it, and you can form no conclu- * Read before the \V. Va. Pharmaceutical Association, 1914. 10 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [January, 1915 sion as to your yearly earnings otherwise. If you own your own building, charge rent. If you manage it yourself, charge salary. You may say that you are sole owner, take no inven- tory, what's left after paying expenses and cost of goods is your salary. Maybe .so, but to run it in such a slip-shod man- ner is like trying to fill a pit with a given amount of water and no knowledge of how big the pit is. To run a business in that way is often to have the final analysis of your business made on the receiver's sheet in a bankrupt court. Beware of such methods if you would not be a poor druggist. The Bureau of Business Research, of Harvard University, and System Magazine, after an exhaustive research into the costs and expenses of retail stores have come to the conclusion that expenses in all lines of business are increasing and profits are decreasing. The wise druggist is the one that fully realizes the situation; who makes of himself a ways and means com- mittee to find a remedy. Rising merchandise costs have not been met with a corresponding increase in selling prices. Dr. Seldon O. Martin examined the records of 630 stores and found the percentage of rent to run from 1.8 to 14.6, or an average of 5 per cent. Stock turnovers ran from 1 to .3.6 and as a rule entirely too low. These corroborate in a measure the deductions by System for the drug stores of the entire country. E.xpenses averaged as follows: Incidentals 8.92 Rent 4.02 Salaries 10.95 Advertising, etc 1.76 Total based on sales 24.65 Average profits based on sales lead to the following deduc- tions: Tobaccos and allied lines 22 per cent; Soda Fountain 40 per cent; Sundries, etc., 35 per cent; Patent medicines, etc., 30 per cent; Prescriptions, etc., 50 per cent or an average gross profit of 35.4 per cent. Investigations by Harry B. Mason, of Detroit, who has given much attention to the business end of pharmacy, in compilations covering the entire country give the expense per cent at 24.5 and gross profits at 38.6, this applying to tabulations on full prices, mainly, however. In two departments especially, the average profit is entirely too low, namely, the soda fountain and prescription work. All things considered, it costs more to run these two in proportion to the receipts than any other branch of the business. You cannot make money out of a soda fountain by allowing inef- ficient help to run it, and leaving it to boys. It demands your attention. It is a business proposition and a big one. Waste, breakage, over measurements and too low prices, with no knowledge of actual costs, simply amaze, once the searchlight of business analysis is turned upon them. If you do not de- sire to be a poor druggist, you must charge for your time and materials in the prescription department, on a, sane basis. You go to school, or burn the midnight oil, to secure an edu- cation, comply with the laws of the state and society and then do not receive for this class of work, which requires skill, the financial remuneration that is even accorded the average laborer who only engages in manual labor. When a customer hands you a prescription for thirty pills of a complex nature, requir- ing as many minutes to make them up, and states that they ■were made up by so and so for 25c and by another for 40c and another customer hands you one with N. A. R. D. price of $1.00 marked thereon, and the ingredients cost 89c, need we wonder about the poor druggist and why? The Bulletin of^ Pharmacy submitted to several hundred drug- gists a prescription with the request that they submit price thereon. Replies were received from 273 persons. The price varied from 50c to $1.50, and some towns only a short distance apart; 59 had advanced their prices and 41 had not. This brings us to the conclusion that bu.siness principles in this de- partment are missing, and pricing is absolutely demoralized, and in spite of increasing costs and decreasing profits, over 50 per cent of the druggists liivr imt i:ii.sed their prices. Geo. B. Evans of Philadelphii liis j.lopircl this rule: 100 per cent on materials, $1.00 i>( r Ih.m Imi lime, and enforces it rigidly. Well might this be iiiniliti.l l.v nihors. Are you a poor dnii^Li,! Is v.nir store paying dividends of real profit or disappdiniDiMii " If not, go home resolved that you will analyze your luisiiii simlv it. buy books and read them, and by all means suhs.iil.r ti nle journals. You can find in llicni iii-w ideas, pliii^ in.l in fi iiniation. The pages bristle with hcl|)s. Work witli ynur associations, national and state. We grow by giving. Power comes from knowledge. Watch expenses. Work for efficiency and cut out waste. Take down your old show bottles, turn on the modem light, run the drug store of NOW. Buy right, sell right, cut out the dead wood, saw wood and make money. Jottings from Great Britain By our London Correspondent The "War and the Drug Supply AN important discussion on the effect of the war on the drug supply took place at a meeting of the Pharmaceuti- cal Society on Dec. 8th when the subject was discussed by manufacturers and pharmacists in all its aspects. John C. Umney (Wright, Layman & Umney, Ltd.) outlined the main causes that had operated during the past four months to en- hance the values of drugs and essential oils. Belladonna root rapidly advanced until it was nearly four times the ante bellum rates and in consequence of our large army requirements the prices of atropine had very materially increased, and at the present time, supplies are practically unavailable. The prohi- bition of the export of ergot and certain negotiations with im- porters and dealers, resulted in the maintenance of considerable stocks in this country, so that prices had been kept down. Ipe- cacuanha had advanced by about 75 per cent, mainly as a re- sult of increased demand for army purposes. He gave a tabu- lar statement of prices of essential oils which showed that ad- vances in prices of commodities of this nature had not been large; in some cases, notably lemon oil and oil of peppermint, prices are materially lower. Synthetic Drugs C. A. Hill (British Drug Houses) speaking of synthetic drugs said we could not ex-pect to build up in a few months an industry which, by stress of circumstances, had grown up in Germany during two generations. The business must be on a very large scale to enable it to be carried on profitably; and except in certain favorable instances, the manufacture of syn- thetic chemicals could not profitably be attacked piecemeal. Serums and Vaccines F. W. Gamble said the effect of the war upon the business in vaccines and serums was in the direction of largely increas- ing the demand for products of home manufacture. Immediate- ly on the outbreak of war a large demand arose for calf lymph and typhoid vaccine for preventive purposes. There had also been a large demand for tetanus antitoxin ; the Government took over practically the whole output of British makers, and as the process of preparation is a long one, extending over some months, production could not at once be increased. Fortunate- ly, large stocks of tetanus antitoxin were held in .\merica. and the additional demands are being supplied with .-American serum. The Cultivation of Drugs Professor H. G. Greenish, joint editor of the British Pharma- copoeia, discussed the subject from the point nf view of medici- nal plants. It is estimated that about ?5 imiiiiinal plants hive been successfully grown in Germany. ahliM\ii:h for economic reasons this industry has i>f latr years diirini-i . (1. He strongly advocated that incrcas. /i aUMiUMn sluniNi Ik to the culti- vation of drugs in varinus ilixisimis nf t!;' I'.Mlish Empire. German Patents and Trade-Marks R. R. Bennett contributixl a paper on the sujiply of medicinal products manufactured under patents owned by German firms or sold under trade mark names owned by Germans. He showed that the Patent Court had been reluctant to allow the use of German patents and trade marks by British firms, and only made exceptions in cases where it was clearly shown that it was in the public interest to do so. The indiscriminate transference of benefits held by Germans to indiscriminate in- terests in this country or to the British trading community in general cK arly iniglu result in international complications of a difficult ch:u,ntir after the declaration of peace, and on this account it was no doubt preferable that British enterprise should be devoted principally to the production of chemicals which are not the subject of patent rights. Government Aid for Fine Chemical Industry The Board of Trade is inaugurating an important scheme to place on a permanent basis in this countn,- the manufacture of coal tar products. The proposal is that users of dycstuffs and others interested shall themselves raise a share capil.il of January, 1Q15] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 11 $15,000,000 and on that being done the Government will gua- rantee a debenture issue of $7,500,000. Precautions will be taken to preserve the British control of the new enterprise, and to prevent undue encroachment on other branches of the chemical trades. Cost Accounting the Chain Store's Ally "The moral . . . is that the average druggist is trying hard to beat himself and the chain is only helping him do it." "The drug line affords better opportunities than the cigar or grocery, and some live druggists are fighting the chain stores and beating them at it in many localities." "Where the chain's steam roller counts is where the ignorant or panic-stricken independent throws himself down in front of it to be promptly flattened out." THE above are some of the terse assertions made by Charles W. Hurd and M. Zimmerman, in the course of a dis- cussion on "How Accounting Helps the Chains Outbat- tle the Independents," chapter XIII of a series of articles on the chain store proposition, prepared jointly by these writers and which are now being published in Printers' Ink. Much of the above-mentioned discussion has been deleted since it had little bearing on the drug trade situation. The matter which has been presented, however, is of importance to every independent druggist, and is in direct line with the efforts of the keenest observers in the drug business. If the phrrmacy of the future — of today, in fact — is to be a business, then the pharmacist must be a business man. It is as important for him to understand real business methods as it is for this nation to maintain an adequate army and navy. It is his business in- surance. The leading colleges of pharmacy in the country have made accounting a subject in their respective curricula, and the more progressive pharmaceutical organizations and institutions fea- ture it on opportune occasions in their programs of lectures and addresses. Indeed, right now, the New York College of Pharmacy has scheduled for approaching college meetings two lectures on the subject of drug store accounting. A pharma- ceutical editor has specialized in the field of drug store account- ing and business methods, and has made the estimation of price and cost a hobby. There are successful independent druggists who. figuratively speaking, laugh up their sleeves, when they hear their colleagues wail about the chain stores. They sit tight, watch their books and study their business. They sell what is selling, go light on what is not selling, and make a profit above the cost of doing business on everything, or know the reason why they don't. Read the article, which, in part, follows: One of Printers' Ink's investigators asked a druggist who has been several years in a good neighborhood what his cost of doing business was. He said it was 90 per cent! Questioned further, he explained that he had included the cost of the goods! Another druggist when asked why he did not keep books or figure his costs, said, "What's the use? I have no one to account to but myself." Still another, when asked the same question, "How do you figure your costs?" replied: "Never figured them," he said. "I am glad if I can pay my bills every month, see a ball game and go to the theater once in a while." "But," he added, "I think it's about 30 per cent." Asked why he thought so, he said he had heard others say that should be the logical cost to a drug store of doing busi- ness! And yet this man has a fine, up-to-date store, and has a large volume of trade. These are typical instances in the drug trade. The average druggist does not keep books or have anything but the vaguest notion of how he should buy and price his goods in order to conduct his business in a sound way. This is not because he is lacking in general intelligence. It is partly because he is a professional man and partly because the task of keeping ac- counts is a tremendous one in the drug business and stock- taking is almost out of the question. The average druggist car- ries 10,000 items, and these are not all handed over to the consumer in the original package, but many are broken up for use in preparations. It should not be thought that the large chain drug store with its 15,000 or 16,000 items has an easy problem. The loss by theft, graft, breakage and spoiling is enormous. Under the sub-head, "Druggist was Beating Himself," the authors continue : One independent druggist, of a progressive kind, describes how he turned darkness into daylight. He had been having a hard struggle to make both ends meet. At length it occurred to him to study the chains and he did so. It then dawned on him tliat the chain drug stores were giving up only a small part of their time, space and selling effort to prescriptions — he figured it at about ten per cent. Its proportion in his own business was over 40 per cent. He at once stopped pushing prescriptions and began to pay more attention to the general sundries and specialties, with the result that in a short space of time his worst difficulties had vanished. The moral of this is that the average druggist is trying hard to beat himself and the chain is only helping him do it. A comparative study of his costs would point out the solution in each case. The average city grocer has to pay more attention to his books than the druggist does. His task is an easier one since he handles only some 4,000 items. But he and a majority, a very large majority, of retailers in all lines, fall short of the practice of the best independents and very far short of that of the chains. Few keep accurate accounts of the income and outgo of stock, and of waste and depreciation; know their costs or price their goods right. Some tradesmen get at these things by instinct, are naturally saving, buy closely, and price their goods with reference to competition. But the majority of tradesmen succeed, if they do succeed, because most of their competitors are like them. It is only when the chain store, department store, mail-order house, enter their field that they come to realize that something is wrong. And even then it seems to them to be the other institutions that are entirely at fault and "unfair competition" entirely responsible for the in- creasing burden. Following an interesting comparison of the accounting meth- ods of independents with those of the chains, and an equally interesting discussion showing how the accounting methods of the chains seemingly increase the cost of doing business, but are really a means of steering the selling campaign through lo- cating the high and low spots of the market, the authors dis- cuss the cost to the chain and to the independent retailer of doing business. Independent druggists probably average a cost of from 25 to 30 per cent, with a few less and many higher. The chains can shade this, but it must be remembered that most of the chain drug stores are in large cities and occupy expensive cor- ners in the best sections. Their average for successful stores may run from 22 to 25 with of course new stores above it. The cost of doing business is for the average tobacco store about 15 to 20 per cent. The independent 5-10-25 cent store does business at a cost of 22 per cent, while the chief chains get out of it for 20 per cent, both figures being averages. Dry goods are said to average 18 to 25 per cent in cost, jewelry 20 to 35 per cent, boots and shoes, 18 to 25 per cent. The average for the country in all lines has been put at 23 per cent, and though this is purely a guess, it is probably not far from the truth. In those lines, independent or chain, which show a large turnover and a consequent low cost of doing business and it might be added, large buying power, it goes almost without saying that the business is done well-nigh exclusively on a cash basis, and also without deliveries. Not everybody, how- ever, likes to trade in, say, a grocery store of that kind, and other .stores giving credit and making deliveries can exist alongside of it even at a considerable higher cost of doing business. Again, as we have seen, price-inducements often fail to overcome "personality." It should not be overlooked that in every line where there are chain stores there are independents, often located next door or across the way, who defy all competition. It will almost in- variably be found that these men are members of buying asso- ciations and do most of the work in their own stores, as in trimming windows, keeping stock neat and well displayed, properly priced, etc. They save on the wages of the clerk which the chain store has to have and this saving is often enough to make the difference. But that is a cramped living. The drug line affords better opportunities than the cigar or grocery, and some live druggists are fighting the chain stores and beating them at it in many localities. When this is the 12 THE PHARMACEUTigAL ERA [January, 1915 case, it will quite generally be found that the independent has copied the methods of the chain store and has had for proprie- tor a man of force and personality. The buying advantage of a chain drug store over a large independent might be 10 per cent though this is probably excessive, but the advantage from the possession of a live proprietor might be worth several times that. And there is not a little public capital to be made out of fighting a big corporation. Oftentimes, as stated, the independent fears the competition of another independent more than he fears the chain store. He knows that the chain store manager has to make a profit — as a general thing — and that in some of these cases he is not a real manager but merely a floorwalker with assigned duties. And he is not afraid of him, nor afraid of the organization back of him which is too ponderous to move quickly and too mechanical to compete successfully with a more human outfit providing the latter is no less efficient than the machine. Where the chain's steam roller counts is where the ignorant or panic-stricken independent throws himself down in front of it to be promptly flattened out. As the majority of retailers in the lines invaded are of these types, it looks as if the immola- tion and elimination would continue for a while longer, or until the organization of the retailers into cooperative associa- tions becomes more effective. But as has been before pointed out, the manufacturers will have no great cause to felicitate themselves on this eventually unless their trademarked brands are protected so that they can advertise them and secure a distribution for them. WHY DRUGGIST SHOULD MEAN OPTIMIST A Look at the Inside of a Bright and. Busy Store A Cure for Pessimism — Outlook for Re-adjustment In 1915 OF course, it may as well be admitted, right now, that the druggist has a good deal to contend with. Moreover, he has more to contend with right now, perhaps, than he has had for some time, in the way of obstacles and things to fret at. He has had a good deal of stuff that he uses pretty regularly shut off, because of the fact that all of Europe has seen fit to get itself embroiled in a ridiculously, amazingly de- structive war; and then, right on top of that, comes a domestic war tax which has not only forced him to spend a good deal of time in affixing little square stamps to his entire stock, but to choose between the hard alternatives of making less money from most of his goods or passing the tax on to his customers. Then, too — worst of all, perhaps — he may justly complain that he is suffering, with the rest of the country, from the effects of the war on business. He may point out, if he wants to, that people are economizing in every possible manner: that nobody is buying anything in the way of lu.xuries, which means less business for the soda fountain and the candy department, not to mention a thousand and one other lines handled by the aggressive modern druggist as a matter of course. And with business in this parlous state, the druggist whose liver is out of order can find plenty of things at which to point in order to sustain his contention that the country is going rapidly to the bow-wows, and the drug business with it. Notwithstanding this formidable array of food for the pes- simist, however, it takes only a look at the inside of a bright and busy store to niaki' ihcsi- lliiii;;^ li^simir tlirir ]irn- piirtion in the gene]:il m Iimih wlmli, ,ift(i- is rrl,iti\' lv small; and if this l.-l; .ii..mi.-l is .sulVi, i. nt. a hearl-to-hcart talk witii ,i s,,,ilinu, Imsv ,liu-uist will .In iIt wci-k. Such a one ui.l h ^ 1 lnm-rlf, , ,n rr(|urst, nnl i-im ago; and his altiUuIr \,,^^.n.\ iIm iIkiI his business Im.I suffered on accmiul rxisliirj, c Mudii ions, thr war and otlu-r things included, w.is nniliin- ,1h,ii nf si (unfiil. "Hurt my Inisim ss ' Im !■ ilri itii!, w ith iiilinite contempt in his voice for :ni\- sm li ImcI iiMiinn "Why, in:ui, do you knciw I've just got tliiMii-h .li.J.ii!- Hi. l.i:.^.j,rsi li,.lld,iv h-.m!.- T ever handled in lii. W Im. imM ;m\iliin- .dmiu busi- ness beintj lium m dn din- li idi iiisi now? 'Jdierc's nothing in it — iliiiiL's ,iir 1m< il.iii'.i iiiir mr. aud, as far as I know, for cvci\ oiIm I '■ll^.w 111 i.'xm; x\1i,, li;is becu keeping after business in dn i i"l,l w i\ course, dh id, iH. liiilnnl'i i^ i,..n llial slaMild h.ivr Imru exceptionally altiaiti\f liius of goods, and paying a little more attention than tisud. if anything, to my windows, and using some newspaper space to let people know where I'm at and what I've got. Aside from these small efforts to keep in the swim, I don't know any reason why I should have had such a good business. Maybe it's because there are some druggists — I have to admit it! — who don't do anything of that sort; maybe they're the ones who are kicking about business. "And, outside of Christmas, just take a look at that foun- tain. See 'em crowd around? See how busy those two boys are? It is plain enough they have all they can do, isn't it? Well, I should say so! And I'll tell you why: I have made it a point to let fjeople know that I have a special line of hot drinks — chocolates, bouillons, coffee and so forth — especially designed to warm the inner man during this frosty weather. I use window strips pretty liberally, and I also insert a few lines in my newspaper advertising to the same effect. The result is that they come, and they keep on coming. If you don't believe it, take a look, now or any other time, and you'll see. "Yes, sir, my fountain business is just about as good as it was last summer. It may be hard to believe, but it's a fact. Of course it wouldn't be if I didn't go after it pretty vigorously. You can't catch fish .sitting around at home and wishing for them — you've got to go out and dig bait, and then you've got to use it right; then, maybe, you'll get results. And yet, if you'll believe me, there are stores — plenty of them — in the drug business where you can't get a hot drink ! They simply close up their fountains during the cold weather. The investment is idle, the store loses a dispenser who may have been popular with the trade, people who came in for a drink and remained to buy something else go elsewhere — but these druggists don't care. And then they blame the war! "Then there's prescription and patent medicine business: Why should any man kick about that? It's just as good as it ever was with me, because I use the means I always have used to keep it coming — advertising, for one, of course, and first- class service, all the time, as another. You know, people are going to buy medicine when they need it, no matter how hard times are. If they can't afford it somebody will buy it for them ; but they get it. somehow. That's one advantage the druggist has on his prescription business, .at least. "So, as I say, I don't see anything to kick about — and if I did I'm not so sure that I would spend my time and energy kicking. I rather think I'd reserve my enersy for more profit- able uses, and make it pay dividends — wliii h. bt lieve me, kick- ing about poor business never docs. Further, and aside from all this, here's just one thing I want to say. with all seriousness: Even if business were shot to pieces as badly as some of the boys say it is, I think I'd still have sense enough to be mighty thankful that I'm an American citizen, safely ensconced right over here in the middle of the best country on earth. "I'd try to make the best of the situation thrust upon us by this fearful war, and to do my darndest under the circum- stances, because I'd be so blamed glad — as I am — that I'm not over there in the middle of it. shooting and getting shot de- stroying and burning and killing, instead of being where I am, doing my little part in making the world better and happier, as every druggist does. Wouldn't you? "But, as it is, T can onI\ yr\K-2\ that business is just as good with me as 1 h,i\. in\ ri-b.t to cxpeet — which means that it's Iiretty fair t.i middlnm i;n,,d: and I will say. further, that T tliiiil> bi lii \. ii , -oiiit; to i;i t iHllcr and better, because as f,ir as in.lii iiini,- _;o. this \.ar of I'MS is going to witness the r.Mdiiistnii 111 i'l 1 . iiKlitions in tills country to the biggest op- IH.rtniiities \\a- c\ar had. 'Jdiat means ail kinds of prosperity I 1 thiise who arc ready for it; arid I'm going to be ready for it, 1" li' \c me! Are you?" Shaving Paste for Collapsible Tubes Eard " pounds raustic iiot,is.sa 1 pound W itnr 3 pinU Cdsniin, siiiiuient quantity. I'l l fume, suliK icnt quantity. IMelt the lard in a porcelain vessel over a water bath; dis- solve the potassa in the water, and run the lye formed, very slowly, into the melted grease, stirring thoroughly all the time, initil .saponification is completed. Then add the requisite IMii'mne, and sufficient glycerin to render the mass thin . iiotigh to be adapted for use in tubes. The glycerin will aid in keeping the cream soft. Recommended for use on a manu- facturing scale. Janlary, 1915J THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 13 FOREIGN ABSTRACTS NEW WORK IN EUROPE Assay Methods for Purg-ative Drugps — French Secret Remedy Condemned — New Color Reactions for Citric Acid, Indican and Iron — Good Effects of Tobacco in the Mouth ARRR'ALS of foreign pharmaceutical journals, except English, take place at irregular intervals, aii ri^Kiced, material for abstracting grows more scarce with i u h iiKinth. In this issue we present two new analytical methods, those for the assay of purgative drugs and tincture of cinchona, the lat- ter devised by Fromme, and based on his now well-known method of extraction by hot hydrochloric acid, and titration of the alkaloids with hematoxylin as indicator. Color tests for citric acid, indican, and an extremely delicate reaction for bi- valent iron also appear. The proceedings of the French Acad- emy of Medicine furnish a complete refutation of some of the claims recently put forward in a popular magazine in this country, in which the merits of a new anesthetic, prepared from morphine by the action of a ferment, were extolled. The new "detoxicated morphine" was declared by the Academy to be dangerous, of variable composition, and simply another secret remedy which was being exploited. Some surprising claims are made in another abstract, regarding the beneficent effects of tobacco in prophyla.vis of the oral cavity. Yield of Morphine in Poppy Capsules — Mo.ssler reports a series of tests to determine the conditions of formation of morphine in the poppy latex, and to improve the yield of morphine. Equal numbers, 250, of poppy capsules were treated by different methods, some being cut off from the stem and air-dried ; some sterilized in hot alcohol ; some crushed and air-dried; some scratched, the exuded latex taken up on cotton wool, and the capsules then cut from the stems and dried; others treated as in the preceding, but with the cotton wool and capsules subsequently sterilized ; and finally some cap- sules allowed to ripen in the usual manner. The amount of morphine and other alkaloids was then determined. The high- est yield was from the capsules and opium on the wool taken together, while the lowest was from the crushed capsules. The ripe capsules also gave low figures. Sterilization with boiling alcohol seemed to bring about no increase in alkaloids. After the exudation of the juice upon scarification, a notable quantity of morphine remains in the capsules, which should be utiUzed in morphine manufacture. (Mossier, Pharm. Post, 1914, No. S^: through J. Soc. Chem. Ind.) Assay Method for Purgative Drug^ — The following assay process is intended for senna, rhubarb, and cascara, and determines the amount "of hydro.xymethyl-an- thraquinones, both free and combined. From 2 to 5 g. of drug are treated in a flask with 200 cc. of chloroform, the whole weighed, and heated with a return condenser for 15 minutes. The solution of the free active principles is filtered off, and the residue washed with chloroform. The insoluble residue is then washed back into the flask and made up to the original weight with chloroform. After 50 cc. of 25 per cent sulphuric acid are added, the flask and contents are weighed again, heated with a condenser for 2 or 3 hours, the evaporated chloroform replaced, and 150 cc. filtered off, which are then shaken with 50 cc. of 10 per cent sodium bisulphite solution. The chloro- formic layer is filtered through kieselguhr, washed with 100 cc. of 1 per cent hydrochloric acid, and 100 cc. filtered into a tared flask, where it is evaporated to a small bulk. The residue, which represents the combined anthraquinone derivatives, is dried at 60-70°. The first chloroform solution is next shaken out with successive portions of 50 cc. each of 5 per cent sodium hydro.-ride solution, until it becomes colorless or yellow. The united alkaline extracts are again shaken out with chloroform, diluted with an equal volume of water, filtered, acidified, and shaken out with three portions of chloroform. The latter shakings are then filtered through kieselguhr and evaporated to dryness. Rhubarb contains from 0.10-0.28 per cent of free, and 3.18 to 5.53 per cent of combined hydroxymethyl-anthraqui- nones; senna from 1.98-2.12, and cascara from 1.32-1.44 per cent of combined derivatives. (Daels, Bull. Acad. Med. Beige, 1913. p. 350; through J. Soc. Chem. Ind.) New Reaction of Indican — Stennsma recommends the following: Boil 10 cc. of urine with 10 cc. of hydrochloric acid, then add, after entirely cool, 5 cc. of benzene. Examine the liquid by reflected light against a black ground. If the benzene has a green fluorescence it shows the presence of indican, an indication of advanced intes- tinal tuberculosis. (J. Pharm. Chim., 1914, p. 166.) Supposed New Anesthetic from Morphine — An article in a recent issue of an American popular magazine deals with a modification of the "twilight sleep," the anesthetic used being, according to the originator, a derivative of morphine prepared by treating that alkaloid, or opium extracts, with a ferment, which produces a "detoxicated" morphine. The mat- ter was recently referred to the French Academy of Medicine, and at the meeting of September 1, that body refused to en- dorse the new substance, on the ground that it was a secret remedy, of variable composition, although in all probability containing some morphine hydrochloride or oxydimorphine. The work on the remedy was carried out by Bourquelot and Grimbert, names which carry all possible weight in the pharma- ceutical world. Professor Bourquelot found that the solution submitted to him by M. Paulin, the reputed discoverer, was alleged to have been prepared by treating morphine with yeast, or a similar ferment, and that it contained ammonium chloride and morphine, but no trace of oxydimorphine. The sample submitted to Grimbert contained no ammonia, and contrary to the statement of the inventor, no oxydimorphine, but morphine was present. Far from having been adopted by the French Government for use in the military hospitals, the remedy was declared dangerous by the French Academy, and a resolution was adopted warning the Medical Staff against it. Moreover, the sale of the substance is forbidden by the law of Germinal, -An XI, which prohibits the sale of remedies of unknown com- position without the approval of the Academy of Medicine. (J. Pharm. Chim., 1914, p. 380.) New Reaction of Indican — According to Haussler, if an alcoholic solution of vanillin is evaporated with citric acid, and a few drops of sulphuric acid are added to the residue, on heating the latter becomes colored a bright violet. It dissolves in water with a green color, which changes to red on the addition of ammonia. The reaction is not given by tartaric, malic, oxalic, malonic, benzoic, salicylic, acetic, lactic, succinic or teresantalic acid. Sugars and albu- minous substances interfere. The reaction is delicate enough to detect the small amount of citric acid in 50 cc. of raspberry juice. (Chemiker Ztg., through Schweiz. Apotheker Ztg., 1914, p. 629.) Tobacco in Oral Prophylaxis — Cavallaro concludes that the effect of tobacco in the mouth is a beneficent one, for the following reasons: The antiseptic power of tobacco is marked. It has a greater or less action on all micro-organisms, according to the quantity of nicotine it contains, and the bacterial resistance, and it inhibits the de- velopment of microbes. It sterilizes the saliva, and, while it may blacken the teeth, it does not harm the dental tissues. The secretion of saliva is increased with small doses of nicotine, but diminishes with larger doseg. So-called "smokers' " inflam- mations of the gums and stomach are not due to tobacco, but to the aggravation of a pre-existing state of inflammation. It has not been demonstrated in any case that epithelioma of the lips or of the tongue is caused by tobacco. The antiseptic action of tobacco is specially noticeable in clean mouths. (Ca- vallaro, Feuilles d'Hygienc, through Schweiz. Apoth. Ztg., 1914, p. 615.) Action of Isostrychnine — This alkaloid is obtained by heating strychnine and water in sealed tubes to 150-160°, and has the same formula as strych- nine, but crystallizes in a different form, and has a considerably lower melting point. Wiki finds that it is much less toxic than 14 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [January, 1915 its parent substance, and in this respect approaches brucine. The action on the nervous system more nearly resembles that of curare than of strychnine, and doses which kill by arresting respiration do not affect the cardiovascular system. The te- tanizing effect is slight. Pharmacologically, it is to be placed between brucine and curare. (Wiki, Union Pharm; through Pharm. J., 1914, p. 667.) Sensitive Reaction for Iron — A reaction for ferrous iron, which surpasses all others in sensitiveness, is obtained with any 1 :2-dioxime, the most easily obtainable being dimethyl-glyoxime. The solution must contain hydrazine sulphate, or hydrazine, to reduce the iron, or prevent oxidation by the air. To 50 or 60 cc. of the solution to be tested a little of a saturated solution of dimethyl-glyoxime in alcohol is added, and iron causes an intense red coloration. It is claimed that as little as six millionths of a milligram per cc. may be detected. (Tschugaeff and Orelkin, Z. Anorg. Chem., 1914, p. 401.) Ksintegrating Tablets — The addition of 10 to 20 per cent of magnesium peroxide to the tablet mass is suggested as a simple expedient for insuring the rapid disintegration of compressed tablets. Tablets made with this ingredient fall to pieces almost immediately after be- ing moistened with water. (Rhon, Suddeutsche Apoth. Ztg., 1914, p. 398; through Pharm. J.) Constituents of Mandragora Hoot — In addition to the already known mydriatic alkaloids, of which the root in question contained 0.376 per cent, another toxic substance is present. This appears to be of the nature of a fat, and it is extremely poisonous to frogs in very minute doses. It is insoluble in water, readily soluble in petroleum ether and other visual fat solvents. Heat and saponification do not lessen its toxicity. (Schaurer, Nouveaux Remedes, 1914, p. 487.) Stable Bichloride Solutions — In order to prepare solutions of bichloride for disinfecting purposes, which will not attack metallic instruments, a new pro- cess makes use of soluble silicates. If a 1 :1000 bichloride solu- tion, containing 10 parts of water glass solution of 35° Beaume, comes in contact with a bright scalpel blade, the metal is strong- ly attacked. But if 4 parts of 20 per cent ammonia are added, no effect on the metal is to be discerned. At the same time, the strongly-irritating action of the bichloride is much dimi- nished. The solutions of bichloride may be of any desired strength. Those mercurial compounds which give insoluble basic compounds with water, form easily soluble bodies when water glass and ammonia are added. (D. R. P. 278, 734, Apoth. Ztg., 1914, p. 914.) Assay for Cinchona Tinctures — The following processes represent Fromme's latest modifica- tion of his well-known process for the assay of cinchona pre- parations. Twenty g. of cinchona tincture are evaporated on a heated asbestos plate, with 10 g. of water, until the weight is reduced to 19 g. One g. of 25 per cent hydrochloric acid is then added, and 18 g. filtered off through a small filter into a 150 cc. flask, after which 25 g. of chloroform and 47 g. of ether are added, with 3 g. of 15 per cent caustic soda solution. After strong shaking, the layers are allowed to separate, and the aque- ous layer is removed with a pipette. The ethereal solution is next filtered clear, and 60 g. of it are shaken out with successive portions of 1 per cent hydrochloric acid. The united acid shakings are then shaken in a separator with 10 g. of chloro- form, supersaturated with soda solution, again violently shaken, and the chloroformic layer filtered off into a tared 100 cc. Er- lenmeycr flask, where the chloroform is evaporated on the water bath. The shaking is repeated with three other portions of chloroform, which are also evaporated. The residue is treated with 5 cc. of ether, the latter is boiled off, and the flask and contents dried at a temperature not exceeding 80°. The weight of alkaloid found represents 15 g. of tincture. For a titreme- tric estimation, the alkaloids are dissolved in 5 cc. of alcohol, 10 cc. of tenth-normal hydrochloric acid are added, with a few droris of hematoxylin solution, and the excess of acid titrated . back with alkali. Each cc. of decinormal acid corresponds to 0.0309 g. of mixed alkaloids. For a shorter method, the first ether-chloroform solution may be evaporated directly, the resi- due taken up in alcohol, and the titration completed as above. (Fromme, Tahresber. Caesar & I.,oretz, through .^poth. Ztg., 1914, p. 902.) New Remedies AUendrin* — The carbamic ester of dichlor-iso-propyl alcohol. A white, crystalline powder, slightly soluble in cold water, more soluble in hot. Used as a hypnotic. Almaten. — A condensation-product of formaldehyde and haematoxylin. Given internally as a disinfectant for intestinal catarrh, ulcers, typhoid, and dysentery. Externally it is used in ointment-form for wounds, ulcers, and eczema. Arsalyte. — Dimethyl-aminotetramido-arsenobenzene — a liquid easily absorbed in subcutaneous injection. A salvarsan sub- stitute. Culysol. — A soluble form of copper citrate introduced for ophthalmic work. It is a blue, crystalline powder, stable, soluble 1 in 3 of water, but solutions above 1 in 1,000 in concentration do not keep well. Another form of culysol is prepared for ointments; this is a greenish-white powder. A third form is prepared for direct application with a camel- hair brush. Despyrin. — Described as tartar>'l-salicylic acid. Said to be a mixture of acetyl-salicylic acid and cream of tartar. Dial-ciba. — Di-allyl-barbituric acid. White, shining scales, slightly soluble in cold water. Used as a hypnotic. Marketed in 154-grain tablets. Dose: One and a half tablet. Diogenal. — Dibrompropyl-diethylbarbituric acid, CnHioBrjNj- Os ; a sedative related to barbitone ; a white, crystalline powder. Dose: 15 grains. Fluoram. — Ammonium bifluoride. Recommended for pyor- rhoea alveolaris and as a dental antiseptic. Hediorite. — The lactone of alphaglucoheptonic acid. It is crystalline and easily soluble in water. Recommended for diabetic patients. Dose: 30 grains per diem. Hexanatrine. — A combination of hexamethylenetetramine with sodium diphosphate in 5-grain tablets. Dose: 10 grains. lodostarin. — An organic iodine compound containing iodine in combination with one of the higher fatty acids. A white, crystalline powder, tasteless, insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform. Iodine-content 47.1 per cent. A substitute for potassium iodide which does not give rise to iodism. Iron-Elarson. — A mixture of elarson (strontium chloroar- senobehenolate) and reduced iron. Issued in tablets each containing 0.003 gram of iron and 0.0005 gram of arsenic. Employed in anaemia and chlorosis. Kinetine. — A combination of quinine with hectin (sodium benzosulphoparamidophenyl arsenate). Each tablet contains 7 cgm. Used as a remedy for acute coryza, hay-fever and influenza. Ludyl. — Phenyl-disulphamino-tetradioxy-diamino-arsinoben- zene, containing 33 per cent, of arsenic. A yellow, odor- less powder, insoluble in water, but readily soluble in dilute solution of sodium carbonate. Used as an antisyphilitic. Mercury Cholesterol-oleate. — A double oleate of mercury and cholesterol has been prepared for the hypodermic adminis- tration of mercury. The trade-name of the substance is Mercuricoleolo. Neohexal. — A sulpho-salicylic acid compound of hexamethy- lenetetramine, 2[(CH,)cNJ,S03H, CeH3(OH)COOH. A color- less, crystalline powder, easily soluble in water. It is a powerful urinary antiseptic. P/tewo-ja/.— A-brom-isovaleryl-paraphenetidin ( CH,) ,CH.CHBr. CO.NH.CeHj.OQHs. A crystalline compound, insoluble in water, but soluble in the usual organic solvents. Recommended as a sedative and hypnotic in doses of from 0.5 to 1.0 gram. Picrastol. — Dimethylol-diformyl-methylenyl-tetramethylene- pentamine, CoHuNjO,. It is an amorphous body, and does not appear to have a definite melting-point. Used in epilepsy. Rhodoforni. — .-\ sulphocyanate of hexamethylenetetramine. A white, odorless powder, soluble 1 in about 25 of cold water. Employed as an antiseptic for the mouth and throat. Sodium Mercuro-nucleinatc. — This compound contains 10.21 per cent, of mercury in non-ionisable form, soluble in water. Used in the treatment of secondary syphilis. Dose: 0.5 to 1.0 cc. of a 10-per-cent. solution injected intramuscularly. •Notes for the use of Dispensers on Definite Chemic.il Com- pounds introduced during the year ended October 1914.— Chemist and Druggist Diary, 1915. January, 1915] THE PHARIVIACEUTICAL ERA 15 THE OBJECT of this department is to furnish our subscribers •nd their clerks with reliable and tried formulas, and to discuss questions relating to practical pharmacy, irescription work, dis- pensing difficulties, etc. Requests for information are not answered by mail, and ANONYMOUS COMMUNICATIONS WILL RE- CEIVE NO ATTENTION; neither do we answer questions in this department from non-subscribers. In this department frequent reference is necessarily made to information published in previous issues of the ERA, copies of which. It not out of print, may be obtained for 25 cents each. Freeing a Mixture of Alcohol (H. A. L.) — We hardly know what is the best method to suggest for getting rid of the alcohol in your mixture, as you do not tell us anything about the composition of the "Com- pound solution" which you state you mix with your fluidex- tract. However, alcohol may be removed from fluidextracts by evaporating them at a low temperature, as is done in the manu- facture of certain solid extracts, the alcohol being volatilized. The alcohol could also be distilled off of your product by put- ting the latter in a still, but the application of this treatment would be insoluble in tlie "compound solution," that is on the substances that are volatile at the temperature necessary to get rid of the alcohol. Whether it will be commercially profitable to employ such a method, is a question for you to answer. By first evaporating off the alcohol from the extracts before mixing them with the solution could be most easily performed, but the chances are that the residue or soft extract remaining would be insoluble in the compound solution," that is on the supposition that it is largely aqueous. Much of the medicinal value of the drug would therefore be lost in the finished prod- uct. Our suggestion would be for you to first prepare a fluid- glycerate of the crude drugs which contains no alcohol, and use it in place of the fluidextract. Or, you can make an acetic acid extract of the drugs, providing the acid will not be in- compatible with any of the substances in your compound solu- tion, and use it just as you now use your present fluidextract. Fluide.xtracts with a glycerin or acetic acid menstruum are very easily made or they can be purchased from any manufacturing pharmaceutical house. One or the other of these methods is followed in the preparation of some of the "non-alcoholic" proprietary specialties on the market, and it is quite possible that you can adapt the method to the manufacture of your product, providing, as we have said above, that nothing in the completed mixture will interfere with the use of such a menstruum. Glycerite of Phosphates of Iron, Quin. and Strychnine (W. H. M.) — You do not give us any hint as to the difficulty you have experienced in making the glycerite of the phosphates of iron, quinine and strychnine, but we infer that you have not succeeded in making a clear solution. We suppose this may be due to the fact that you have not continued the heating and stirring operation after adding the water until solution is effected, before adding the glycerin. Caspari directs to strain the solution through a pledget of cotton before adding the glycerin. We suggest you try this hint. Transparent Soft Soap (W. J. D.) — Soap is generally made transparent by dissolving it in alcohol and subsequently evaporating the solution to re- move the alcohol. The same result may be, and generally is, brought about by the addition of glycerin and sugar dissolved in water, with or without the further addition of alcohol. Al- cohol and the process of recovering it being expensive and troublesome, transparent soaps are mostly made by the addition of much syrup, less glycerin, and as little alcohol, if any, as possible under the circumstances. The glycerin in such soaps is, perhaps, a desirable feature, although it causes the soap to attract moisture and become wet on the surface in certain weather. .According to Gathman, the use of castor oil with the other fats tends to cause transparency and to improve the texture of the soap, but it slightly reduces its lathering quali- ties. Soft soap prepared by heating olive oil with potassium hydroxide and water, and allowing the mixture to cool, is usu- ally transparent. The tint of the soft soap thus made usually depends on the olive oil employed. The soft soap of the U.S.P. is prepared from linseed oil. Here is a typical formula for an olive oil soft soap: Olive oil, 100 parts; solid potassium hy- droxide, 21 parts; vvater, 100 parts; alcohol, 90 per cent, 20 parts. Boil by means of a steam bath until the oil is saponified, adding, if necessary, a little more spirit to assist the saponifi- cation. The resulting soap is approximately neutral. Filling Root Canals (L. F. F.) — We are not familiar with the proprietary pre- paration you name. However, according to a work on practical dentistry, a white filling for the teeth may be made by mixing 1 part of powdered glass with 3 parts of pure oxide of zinc. This mixture, when used, is mixed to the consistency of a paste with the following solution: Zinc chloride 2 ounces Water lyi ounces Powdered borax oimce Dissolve the borax in the water first, then add the chloride of zinc. .Another formula is this one: Zinc oxide, in fine powder 200 parts Silica, in fine powder 8 parts Borax, in fine powder 4 parts Glass, in fine powder 5 parts Mix and pass through a fine sieve. Preserve in a stoppered bottle. When required for use, mix a small quantity of the powder into a thick paste with a concentrated solution of chloride of zinc and it is then ready for filling the teeth. The operation should be performed very rapidly, as the composition sets into a hard cement in a few minutes. Aqua Laxativa Viennensis, Solution Seignette (J. C. O.) — "Aqua laxativa Viennensis" is an old time syno- nym for "Infusum Sennae Compositum" of the German Phar- macopoeia, the synonym being still carried in the index of that book with reference to the page on which the formula appears, but the title does not appear under the formula in the body of the book. The formula (present G. P.) is as follows: Senna leaves, cut moderately fine 50 parts Water 450 parts Potassium and sodium tartrate 50 parts Sodium carbonate 1 part Manna 100 parts Alcohol 25 parts Pour upon the senna the water boiling hot and heat on a water bath for five minutes, stirring meanwhile. Express and in the e.xpressed liquid dissolve the salts and manna, strain the liquid, and add boiling water to make 475 parts. When cold add the alcohol. This preparation in somewhat variant forms, is to be found in many of the Continental pharmacopoeias, and more espe- cially those of Teutonic origin which were superseded by the German Pharmacopoeia on the consolidation of the Empire in 1871. Thus, in some of these works, it is known as "Aqua (s Potio) laxativa Viennensis," Vienna Draught, Eng., "Eau laxative de Vienne," Fr. ; "Wiener Trank," Germ. The simi- larity of this preparation to the "Black Draught" of the U.S.P. is quite noticeable, the present official preparation containing magnesium sulphate instead of potassium and sodium tartrate (Rochelle salt) however. We have examined this formula in a large number of early pharmacopoeias and find that it possesses quite a history. The original Aqua or potio laxativa Viennensis was devised, according to an English authority, by Mannagetta, an Italian physician at the court of the Emperor Rudolph II, about 1600, and was popularly known all over Germany as "Wiener Trank." The formula was 1 ounce of senna, 6 drams of currants, 2 drams of coriander seeds, and 2^ drams of cream tartar. These ingredients were packed in a bag and suspended in hot water for a night. In the morning the liquor was strained after the bag had been pressed, and 5 ounces of manna and 3 drams of cream of tartar added. The dose was 3 or 4 ounces. 16 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [January, 1915 In no pharmacopoeia or other formulary or work at our com- mand have we been able to find any reference to "solution Seignette," nor de we think that an official title of this character is likely to be found. As is well known, the double tartrate of potassium and sodium (Rochelle salt) was first obtained in 1672 by Pierre Seignette, an apothecary of Rochelle, France, and was sold as a secret remedy. In 1732 the process for ob- taining it was communicated to the French Academy, the name "Seignette salt" being immediately applied to it and by which it was generally designated for more than a century, later giving way before the more common synonym of to-day, "Rochelle Salt," after the name of the town where Seignette first made his discovery. From a pliarmaceutical viewpoint, it is ex- tremely unlikely that the term "solution" would be applied to an official preparation containing this salt, and we have an idea that possibly the name may be a synonym of the "Aqua laxativa Viennensis" given above, as that preparation contains considerable "Seignette's salt." Formula for Peroxide of Hydrogen (D. J. W.) — A typical process for the manufacture of solu- tion of peroxide of hydrogen was official in the U.S. P. of 1890, and with various modifications, is practically that employed by large manufacturers. This proce.ss consists in the decomposi- tion of barium dioxide by phosphoric acid, barium phosphate being thrown down as a precipitate, hydrogen dioxide being found dissolved in the supernatant aqueous liquid ; the barium phcsphate is then filtered out, and any trace of barium salt is finally removed by the cautious addition of sulphuric acid, which precipitates it as an insoluble barium sulphate; the very fine precipitate which usually passes through the pores of the filter paper is caught and held on the filter by starch, and the clear solution then adjusted to contain 3 per cent., by weight, of absolute hydrogen dioxide by assay. For full directions for carrying out the manipulations of the process, we would refer you to the U.S. P. of 1890. Dose of Methylene Blue for Cows (J. C. C.) — "I ordered some methylene blue recently for a customer who wanted to give it to a cow. The article sent was labeled 'aniline methylene blue.' Will you kindly tell me if this is the same as methylene blue, and if it is the article my customer wants? Kindly give me any particulars you can regarding its use and dose for cattle." The methylene blue used in medicine is fully described in the U.S. P. and we know of no reason why the adjective "ani- line" should be used in designating the compound, unless it is because the commercial dye by this name is generally considered as an aniline color. But the commercial methylene blue, which is a double chloride of tetramethylthionine and zinc, should not be confused with the medicinal methylthionine hydrochloride. The use of this substance in veterinary medicine is compara- tively recent, for an extended search through medical literature pertaining to methylene blue, including a number of authorities on veterinary therapeutics, failed to give any hint of its use in such practice. Through the courtesy of Dr. Robert W. Ellis, editor of the American Veterinary Review, we were placed in communication with Dr. F. A. Rich, veterinarian of the Ver- mont Experiment Station, who supplies the following informa- tion : "The writer's treatment for infectious abortion in cows as admini.stered at present consists in giving each cow a heaping teaspoonful or more of medicinal methylene blue, on silage, once a day for four or five weeks. After calving, the treatment is resumed for a few days; and within a few hours after fresh- ing, preferably immediately after the expulsion of the after- birth, the row's uterus is washed out with a methylene blue so- liKiiiii, I ciiisistiri!' of ;i lH :i|,inii teaspoonful of the blue and an oun. ^ .il i ililr-sili I,, 111, mll.in of boiling water. The solution is (M,,l, ,l t,, ;il>oul 1(1.^ I. , and strict aseptic precautions are ob- served in it.s introduction into the cow's uterus. "The stables are thoroughly cleaned and disinfected and the disinfection is repeated after each occurrence of abortion there- in. The calving pen is cleaned and sprayed with mercuric chloride (corrosive sublimate) solution, each time after occu- pation, and on the return of each fresh cow to her stanchion, the platform and trench behind her are sprinkled daily with 1 to 1,000 mercuric chloride (corrosive sublimate) solution for at least ten days. "The afterbirth is hunird <.r d.r,.lv buried and th,' calf and soiled parts of tlir ( ow nr ,11, fulK- siMumr.l wiih \', mii, one per cent lysol sohiii.Hi. 11;, ,1;, ,1 1 1 1 , -i tin 1 ui IM. u a -h, ,1 with one per cent lysol solution, and either this or the above de- scribed methylene blue solution is injected into it. In herds which have been subjected to the compliment fixation and ag- glutination tests, only those animals giving reactions to the same are treated ; otherwise every cow in the infected herd is given full treatment." Herb Liver and Blood Remedy (W. G. H.) — The following formulas represent various types of remedies made from vegetable drugs and used for the pur- poses you name : Root and Bark Bitters Burdock root 4 ounces Blue flag root 1 ounce Dandelion root 3 ounces Sassafras bark 1 ounce Sarsaparilla 4 ounces Wild cherry bark 2 ounces Mix the cut ingredients thoroughly and make a quart of decoction ; then add a pint of whiskey. Dose, ^ wineglassful between meals. Blood and Skin Remedy Sarsaparilla root 1 pound Burdock root 1 pound Dandelion root Yz pound ISIandrake root % pound Rhubarb 2 ounces Red clover blossoms pound Boiling water, about 3 gallons Steep over a slow fire for 12 hours. Strain through a fine cloth and, while still hot, add granulated sugar, 5 pounds. If the sugar does not dissolve, add a. little more heat. Then take : Potassium iodide 25/2 ounces Alcohol, 95 per cent 2 pints Mix all well together and add water to make the whole measure 4 gallons. Dose, 1 tablespoonful three times a day after meals. Laxative Blood and Liver Remedy Mexican sarsaparilla 8 ounces Yellow dock root 8 ounces Blue flag root 4 ounces Leptandra 1 ounce Yellow parilla 2 ounces Sarsaparilla flavoring yi ounce Potassium iodide 2 ounces Sugar 4 pounds Diluted alcohol 6 pints Water, sufficient to make 1 gallon Grind the drugs to a fine powder and percolate by waterbath percolation, first with the diluted alcohol and then with water until 6 pints are obtained; then add the sarsaparilla flavoring and potassium iodide, and filter, afterwards dissolving the sugar in the filtrate, and making up the measure with water to 1 gallon. This formula is typical of those employed for the fabrica- tion of the various alterative and sarsaparilla compounds sold as "blood purifiers," liver remedies, and the like. Dozens of formulas for similar compounds and allied preparations are given in the Era Formulary, a work which you will do well to consult. Liquid Soap (W. J. D.) — The Era Formulary gives tlie following formu- las: (1) Castile soap 10 pounds Potassium carbonate J4 pound Glycerin 15 pounds Alcohol 25 pints iMake a solution and add more alcohol if a thinner soap is. required. Perfume as desired. (2) Green soap 6 ounces Water 2 fl. ounces Glycerin 2 £1. ounces Alcohol 2 fl. ounces Oil of rose geranium, wintergreen or bergamot, sufficient to scent. The oil should be dissolved in the alcohol before adding the other ingredients. Various formulas for liquid soap have been publislied m previous volumes of the Er.\. Consult the indexes. January. 1915] TPIE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 17 Mrs. R. L. Thompson Closing Drug Stores on Sunday* By MRS. K. L. THOMPSON, Nashville, Tenn. IT is my privilege and pleasure to present for your con- sideration a matter which has been very near to my own heart for several years and one in which I hope each and every one of you will be vitally and enthusiastically interested — the closing of the drug stores of Tennessee for at least a part of every Sunday. It is unnecessary, I feel sure, for me to consume your valuable time in talking of the justice, the common sense, and the humanitarian aspects of my plea that our druggists be at least given the opportunity of obi ving the Oix ine injunc- tion. "Rcnicmbor the Sabbath Day, to keep it holy," and of joining in public worship and thereby contributing their in- dividual part toward main- taining the recognized stan- dard of our Christian nation. But aside from this, there are other strong reasons why the drug store should be closed on Sunday. It is said that self-preserva- tion is the first law of nature and if you Tennessee druggists heed that law and value your lives or your physical well being, you will pass at this meeting a resolution instructing your committee on legislation to agi- tate and promote a measure in the General Assembly of Ten- nessee of 1915 that will mean at least a few hours rest on the Sabbath Day for yourselves. I am sure many of you can call to mind even as I speak, capable, fine men who have gone to their reward, whose valu- able lives might have been prolonged and whose days might have been lighter and happier except for the tedious hours of work, which they endured in long stretches and without ces- sation, day in and day out. It would be nothing short of folly for me to attempt to tell you of the great strain on the mind and body these long hours of work mean, for doubtless many of you are more familiar with results of over-work than I am, but I come to-day merely to remind you of these things which you already know. One of the strongest arguments in favor of giving the drug- gists a much-needed rest on Sunday should appeal to the pub- lic you are serving. The old adage that "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy" has been accepted for many years as a piece of sound philosophy and a scientific fact and that rest periods, recreation, and relaxation for the druggist might make them far less liable to mistakes, admits of no argument. There are probably two sides to this as there are to all questions, but there is not a single argument against the closing of the drug stores on at least a part of every Sunday, that seems to me either just or reasonable. I cannot believe that any druggist who would conscientiously weigh this matter, could fail to see that any monetary loss oc- casioned by the measure, would be more than made up for in the moral, physical, and mental benefit that would be de- rived. The plea of emergencies, accidents, etc., could be easily answered and could be provided for in many ways. The multiplicity of hospitals and the scientific and adequate equip- ment of the modem physician's office answer this argument in part, and I believe if such a law were put in operation, this argument would very soon lose its force from the fact that not only hospitals and physician's offices, but private houses as well would be kept far better supplied with .such necessities, and in the end. it would be better for all concerned. I have not felt it necessary either to elaborate on the reasons for, or to answer the arguments against such a measure as I ■am advocating, since you are all better posted on both reasons for and those against such a law, than I am. But I have briefly outlined to you my views on this matter in the hope that it may set you to thinking and that it may lead to the enactment in Tennessee of the first law providing rest hours on the Sab- * Read before the Tennessee Pharmaceutical Association. bath for our druggists. Of course, I should greatly like to see the drug store closed all day Sunday, but I do not at tliis time, believe it would be wise for us to advocate so sweeping a measure. I therefore, respectfully suggest that this body pass a resolu- tion favoring the enactment of a law by the General Assembly of Tennessee, providing for the closing of the drug stores in Tennessee between the hours of 10.30 A. M. and 2.00 P. M. on Sunday. A Brave Colorado Girl MISS Ilah Irish of Long's Peak, Colorado, has merited the success which has come to her. She was born in Iowa twenty years ago near a small town called Stuart. When she was twelve years of age her parents moved west and she spent three years on the broad plains of North- western Colorado. While still a slender young girl and dur- ing her first year in High School, she found herself or- phaned, both parents having died. There were three broth- ers and a little sister and the five children moved to Boul- der, Colorado, to take up the broken threads of their lives. In due time Miss Ilah en- tered the State Preparatory School there and after diligent study, finished the Latin Sci- entific Course in 1912. While in school she became deeply interested in science work. Teaching did not appeal to her and she determined that as she must make her own Miss Ilah Irish way, she would do it along congenial lines. The Phar- macy School was a new department in the University of Colo- rado and investigating the course, she decided to study in the West as that was where she wanted to work and live. In the fall of 1912 she entered the University of Colorado. By taking an examination, she was allowed some advance credits so that in the beginning she undertook the regular work of the first year in Pharmacy, and also some allied subjects in the Liberal Arts School. The class consisted of eleven members, the rest being young men. A Pharmacal Society was organized and she was elected to fill the office of secretary-treasurer. The Society meant much to the students for each had to prepare and read before the rest, worth-while papers. They had open meetings and ban- quets and were frankly proud of the work being done in this, the newest department of the great institution. In the second year the class number decreased but the single lady member knew no such word as "give up." For the sub- ject of her Pharmacal Society written work that year she chose "Women In Pharmacy," for she had now become deeply interested in the achievements of the sisters who had preceded her in the work. When commencement time came in June 1914, Miss Irish was proud to be the first girl graduated from the School of Pharmacy in the University of Colorado. The new president. Dr. Farrand gave her the first diploma awarded, so she has the additional honor of being the first alumnus. Miss Irish is planning on going into laboratory work. She thinks that pharmacy affords a splendid opportunity for women. She ad- mits that the course of study is not an easy one but believes that if the student is interested and willing to work, she will find it both interesting and very much worth-while, even though .she may not intend to take it up as a profession after she has graduated. She says, "I have enjoyed every bit of my work in the Uni- versity and never shall regret that I entered the School of Pharmacy. At first the students were incredulous at the fact that a girl would undertake the course in pharmacy, but just as people sometimes think it is a joke when I tell them my name is 'Irish,' yet finally are persuaded that it is actually so, in the same manner some think it a joke when I tell them I have completed a course in Pharmaceutical Chemistry. When they see I am in earnest, they congratulate me." 18 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [January, 1915 SELECTED FORMULAS Alkaline Antiseptic Solution Prof. C. H. La Wall offers the following formula for an im- proved alkaline antiseptic solution, the N. F. preparation under the title "Alkaline Antiseptic," being unnecessarily high in solids and in alkalinity: Sodium bicarbonate 5.0 grams Sodium benzoate 10.0 grams Sodium salicylate 10.0 grams Sodium borate 30.0 grams Thymol 0.2 gram Menthol 0.2 gram Eucalyptol 0.2 c.c. Methyl salicylate 0.2 c.c. Alcohol 40.0 c.c. Glycerin 150.0 c.c. Water, enough to make 1000.0 c.c. May be colored with cudbear, or if desired to employ a more resistant color, one which will not bleach out so quickly when the solution is dispensed with hydrogen dioxide solution, the color known as vegetable red, used by confectioners and bakers (sulphonated orcin) may be used. {Journal A. Ph. A.). White Limbering Ointment Soft soap 75 grams Camphor 50 grams Oil of turpentine 650 c.c. Water, enough to make 1000 c.c. Triturate the soap with 100 c.c. of the water until the soap is thoroughly incorporated ; then add gradually with constant stirring the camphor previously dissolved in the oil. When the mi.xture becomes creamy, rub in enough water to make up to the lequired quantity {Apothecary). Cream Lotion for Chapped Hands White Castile soap 1 ounce Benzoated lard 2 ounces Glycerin 4 ounces Rose water 16 ounces Oil of bitter almond 1 dram Dissolve the soap in half the rose water by aid of gentle heat, and gradually add it to the lard, previously melted, in a warm mortar, stirring constantly; then add the glycerin, mixed with the remainder of the water, and, when cold, the per- fuming oil. Tooch Paste Soft soap 1 oimce Glycerin 8 ounces Starch Yz ounce Water ounce Precipitated chalk 8 ounces Oil of peppermint J/2 ounce Coloring q. s. A glycerite of starch is prepared with the starch, glycerin and water, the soap added, and, with the coloring and flavor- ing, rubbed into a homogeneous mass. The precipitated chalk, after bolting through a No. 14 bolting cloth sieve, is then add- ed, and the whole worked into a smooth paste, which is con- veniently filled into tubes by the aid of a sausage stuffer. The flavor may be changed to suit, and the coloring may be omitted. In large quantities the mixing may be done with a bread mixer, putty machine, or other nieclianical contrivance. Batteries for Flash Lamps Charcoal 3 parts Graphite 1 part Manganese peroxide 3 parts Arsenious acid 1 part Mixture of glucose and dextrin or starch 1 part Calcium hydroxide 1 part These arc intimately mixed into a paste of the proper con- sistence with a solution composed of equal parts of saturated solutions of ammonium chloride and sodium chloride, to which are added one-tenth volume of mercuric chloride and an equal volume of hydrochloric acid. This liquid is added to the dry mixture gradually, and the mass is well worked to insure uni- formity. Another formula is: — Zinc oxide, 1 part; zinc chlo- ride, 1 part; plaster, 3 parts; water, 2 parts. {Pharni. Journal). Shaving- Cream Curd soap 8 ounces Expressed oil of almonds 2 fl. ounces Glycerin 1 fl. ounce Spermaceti 3^ ounce Potassium carbonate Yi ounce Water 20 fl. ounces Cut the soap into shreds and dissolve it on the waterbath in 14 ounces of the water. Dissolve the spermaceti in the almond oil, and while warm mix it with the glycerin, potassium car- bonate, and the remainder of the water. Transfer to a warm mortar, gradually incorporate the warm soap solution, and con- tinue to stir until a smooth paste is obtained ; then add any desired almond perfume. Shampoo Powder Borax 1 pound Powdered soap 1 pound Sodium carbonate 4 ounces Camphor 54 ounce Rosemary oil 30 drops Eucalyptus oil 1 dram Mix well and weigh into packets of 3 or 4 drams each. China Cement Isinglass 1 ounce Powdered mastic 80 grains Water 2 ounces Glacial acetic acid 1 ounce Soak the isinglass in the water, and when all has been ab- sorbed, add the acetic acid previously mixed with the mastic. Heat gently until a clear solution is formed. Slippery Elm Poultice, B. P. C. Slippery elm, in fine powder 3 ounces Boric acid, in powder Y2 ounce Wood charcoal, in powder ounce Boiling water SYz fl. ounces Mix the powders and add the boiling water gradually. Acetone Collodion, B. P. C. Pyroxylin 1 ovmce Oil of cloves 190 minims Amyl acetate 5 fl. ounces Benzol 4 fl. ounces Acetone, enough to make 20 fl. ounces Dissolve the pyroxylin in 10 fl. ounces of the acetone, add the oil of cloves, amyl acetate, and benzol, and make up to the re- quired volume with acetone. Unless tlie pyro\'>'lin has been properly nitrated, acetone collodion may be thicker than is de- sirable. This preparation is said to be an excellent liquid court plaster, and a useful application for chilblains and for small cuts and abrasions. Cider Essence (Imitation) Aldehyde 2 drams Chloroform 1 dram Acetic ether 2 drams Amyl valerianate 10 drams This quantity is said by the Br. S: Col. Druggist to be suf- ficient for a gallon of syrup. .\dd a sufficient quantity of tartaric acid to give the .syrup a tart taste, and color with burnt sugar. Surgical Soap Best commercial green soap 3 pints Alcohol, 95 per cent 1 pint Glycerin 1 pint Water . : 1 pint Oil of rose geranium 1 dram Mix. Recommended as a detergent for the hands previous to an operation. January, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 19 Legal Decisions Licenses — Reciprocal Registration — Regulation by- Board of Pharmacy Under Kentucky Acts 1910, c. 113, the State Board of Phar- macy is authorized to exchange certilicates of registration with other states under such rules as the board should determine. The board adopted a rule that applicants inust have been regis- tered in tlie state from which they apply at least one year be- fore reciprocal registration is granted. In mandamus against the board to compel tliem to grant the petitioner a pharmacist's certificate, it appeared that his application had been denied be- cause he had not been registered in Georgia, the state from which he applied, for one year. He subsequently, on the elapse of the required year, made another application. Mean- while the board had passed an additional rule, requiring that the applicant should have, for one year prior to examination, been a bona fide resident, and been engaged in the drug busi- ness in the foreign state. As the petitioner had not been an actual resident of Georgia for one year prior to his registration in that state, his application was again denied. He claimed that the board's rules destroyed the right of reciprocal registra- tion. The court did not concur in this. It said that apparent- ly persons living in Kentucky who were unwilling to stand the Kentucky examination, went to other states where they did not reside to get certificates, and then presented these certificates for reciprocal registration to avoid standing the Kentucky ex- amination. But for the rule of the board, a person who had failed in the Kentucky examination might immediately go to another state, obtain a certificate, and return to Kentucky, and as a matter of right, have a certificate issued to him by the Kentucky board. The rule was held to be not arbitrary, but reasonable. The petitioners constitutional rights had not been violated. The rule did not discriminate against the citizens of another state. It was neither harsh nor unwarranted. The pe- titioner was a citizen of Kentucky. The purpose of the rule was to prevent citizens of Kentucky from evading the statute of that state requiring them to pass an examination in order to obtain a certificate as a pharmacist. Mandamus was re- fused. (King V. Kentucky Board of Pharmacy, KentucVv Court of Appeals, 169 S. W. 600). Sale of L»rug Store Stock — Fraud — Evidence In an action of trespass on the case it was sought to re- cover, as damages, the difference between the actual cost price of certain drug store stock of goods and fixtures, including a soda fountain, and the cost thereof as represented by the seller at the time of the purchase. The action was based upon al- leged false and fraudulent representations of the actual cost price of the fixtures and supplies. The deal was for the capital stock of the corporation, and not in the specific fixtures or drug supplies. The plaintiff alleged reliance on the truth of the representations. In West Virginia the plaintiff must prove reliance upon misrepresentations as well as their falsity, though in some states reliance is inferred. It was held that the plain- tiff had failed to show such reliance. On the contrary, he ad- mitted that he had had 12 years' previous experience in the drug business, had examined the soda fountain, and thought its cost was about what the company had actually paid for it ac- cording to the defendants' representations. Likewise, he also admitted he examined the other fixtures and the entire stock of goods, and that in his opinion the cost named by the de- fendant was not excessive. To quote his language: "From the way the stock looked, and the way it was fixed down in the basement, and all, it certainly appeared to me that there was that much stock," meaning, of course, according to the valua- tion represented to him. These admissions, it was held, tended to negative reliance by him on the verity of the defendant's representations. Nor did the plaintiff show, except inferentially, in what re- spect or to what extent he suffered injury as the result of the negotiations. He admitted that he did not discover the de- fendant's deception until nearly three years after the purchase. During that time he made no effort to ascertain the actual cost of any of the various items disctissed pending the negotiations. The information secured as a basis for the action he obtained from the traveling salesman of one of the furnishing companies, who, he says, was frequently at his store during these three years, and through communications by him with the other company. This information was available from the same sources before the final consummation of the deal. This fact alone would not bar his recovery, but it was held to suggest an apparent satisfaction with the transaction. By reason of want of necessary proof, judgment for the defendant was af- firmed. (Keller v. Roetting, West 'Virginia Supreme Court, 82 S. E. 755). Intoxicating Liquors— Searches and Seizures In an action of trover against a sheriff and his deputies, it appeared that the plaintiff was a registered druggist and phar- macist in a village in Michigan. He had given no bond for the sale of liquor as a druggist on May 1, 1911, and did not give such bond until July of that year. On May 19, 1911, at an early hour in the morning, the defendants, holding a search and seizure warrant, made a search of the plaintiff's premises, and seized and took away liquors of the claimed value of $284. Michigan Pub. Acts 1909, No. 107, section 27, provides that if any person makes a sworn complaint or affidavit before a magistrate that he has cause to believe, and does believe, that liquors are being manufactured, sold, furnished, or given away as a beverage, or kept for the purpose of being sold, etc., the magistrate shall issue his warrant to an officer, commanding him to search the premises designated, and, if such liquors are found, to seize them. Section 29 provides that no warrant shall be issued until there has been filed an affidavit describing the house or place to be searched, the things to be searched for, and alleging substantially the offense in relation thereto, and that the affiant believes, and has good cause to believe, that such liquor is there concealed. In the present case the affidavit merely alleged that the affiant believed that liquor was being sold, furnished and given away and kept for that purpose in the plaintiff's drug store, but did not allege that he believed and had good cause to believe that such liquor was there con- cealed. It was held that the affidavit was fatally defective, and did not give the magistrate jurisdiction to issue a warrant, and that the warrant issued was n ? justification to the officer for the seizure of liquor found on the plaintiff's premise*. (Bullock v. 'Ward, Michigan Supreme Court, 148 N. W. 651.) Clairvoyants May Not Prescribe Boston, Nov. 28. — The full bench of the Supreme Court has handed down a decision that affects in a unique way the right of persons to prescribe medicine. The case came beforp the court upon the appeal of Madam Eva H. DeLou of Springfield from the charge of illegally practising medicine. Madam DeLou is a clairvoyant, and her defence was that what she had done was not as a doctor, but as a clairvoyant, and that when she was consulted by a patient she went into a trance, and by occult force told what was the matter with the patient, and what remedy was necessary for a cure. She had been prose- cuted by the state board of registration in medicine, and by the superior court was found guilty and fined $200. The full bench of the court said that possibly the word clairvoyant might be interpreted to include one who hears com- munications by an occult force while in a trance, but in its accurate and ordinary meaning the word is confined to a per- son who sees, while in a trance, things which by reason of distance or other reasons are not ordinarily visible. The word, the court says, must be construed strictly in the statute, and so construed it does not authorize a person to prescribe medicines revealed to him by occult force while in a trance. Gout Pills Potassium iodide 4 drams Acetic extract of colchicum 4 drams Extract of aconite 16 grains Powdered glycyrrhiza, q. s. or about 1 ounce Mix and divide into pills, each weighing 4 grains. Weed Killer Water 40 gallons Powdered black rosin 56 pounds Sulphuric acid 2^/2 gallons Creosote 10 gallons Melted pitch 24 pounds Pearlash boiled in 10 gallons of water... 56 pounds Pleat the water to the boiling point ard dissolve in it the rosin and sulphuric acid; then add the creosote and boil well again; add the pitch and run in the pearlash solution (boil- ing) ; then shut off steam. 20 THE PHAKMACEUTICAL ERA [January, 1&15 PEDLARS GET THREE MONTHS TO "LOAD UP" N. Y. Branch Told New Law Should be Reinforced by State Measures — Dr. Wimmer oij Oolloids C. O. Bigelow J. H. Rehfuss and Dr. Jacob Diner were appointed at the December meeting of the New York branch of the American Pharmaceutical Association, held at the New York College of Pharmacy, as a committee on nominations to report at tlie annual meeting in January. Dr. William C. Anderson, as chairman of the committee on legislation, pre- sented a very interesting report in the course of which he observed that he had not heard of any great activity on the part of the Board of Health in enforcing ordinance 182. He pointed out that by the time the Harrison law went into effect on March 15th the narcotic pedlars would have had their opportunity to load up. The various states could squelch this opportunity by enacting laws similar to the Boylan law. Charles N. Lehman, of Tottenville, L. I., was elected a member. Curt P. Wimmer, A.M.,Phar.,D., delivered a very interest- ing lecture on "Emulsions as Colloidal Systems," which was thoroughly discussed by Dr. Jacob Diner, Otto Raubenheimer, Dr. F. E. Niece, J. L. Turner, John Roemer, Dr. Joseph Meyer and others. There follows a brief report of Dr. Wim- mer's lecture: A colloidal system consists of at least two substances, one subdivided in the other one, and a general definition for such a system is as follows: "A liquid, solid or gas in a certain state of subdivision suspended in another liquid, solid or gas." The degree of subdivision generally accepted is between .17 and 1.79. The colloid state is intermediary in size between coarse suspensions and molecular subdivision. A colloidal system consisting of a liquid subdivided in another liquid is termed an "emulsoid." Substances which in the pure state are solids may form part of a liquid-liquid system; for example, a solution of gum acacia in water is such a system, since the particles of the gum are non-rigid; similarly solutions of starch, gelatin albumiu are emulsoids, as are suspensions of oils in water. The lecturer next took up some of the general properties of emulsoids. 1. Specific gravity: As a rule, it differs only slightly from that of the dispersion medium. 2. Surface tension : Is usually lowered by the dispersoid. The surface tension of a 20 per cent, solution of gum acacia is nine per cent lower than that of water, a 10 per cent, solu- tion of gallic acid has a tension 29 per cent, lower than water. 3. Viscosity: It is higher than that of the dispersion medium, and is determined either by Grotorian's method of the swinging disc, or by any one of the numerous viscosi- meters, that of Oswald being the most often used. 4. Optical properties : Some emulsoids become doubly re- fractive under the influence of mechanical deformations. All show the Tyndall phenomenon, which was demonstrated by the lecturer on optically pure water, distilled water, croton water, Monsell's solution, glycerite of tannic acid, syrup of lime, etc. 5. Diffusion: The diffusion coefficients of a number of colloids have been determined, and application of the Riecke- Thovert formula points to their very high molecular weight. 6. Swelling Capacity: Each colloid has a definite capacity to absorb water and to swell up. This capacity is determined by Riecke's odometer. The presence of acids, alkalies or salts may increase or decrease this swelling capacity, and definite series of the anions and cathions have been established respecting their influence. The speaker then took up the properties of surfaces and pointed out how they overbalanced the electric iiroiu-rtics of a solution. He pointed out that a cube of 1 ri nlimt li r sicli^ length has a total surface of six square ccntimdi r>, and that this culje sululivided into cubes each side ol wIiIlI) will give cubes with a total surface of 6,000 square meters. It is the tremenduously large surface development which gives peculiar properties to colloids. The determination of surface tension by several metliods was taken up, and a number of tensions of more common systems explained. Foaming is always an evidence of lowered surface tension. This lowering is brought about by substances dissolved, such as gums, Jats, soaps, albumins, enzymes, etc. According to Quincke's law, any substance which lowers surface tension will appear in largest amount in the surface of a system. On this basis, the formation of surface skins on solutions of fuchsine, pep- tone and soaps was explained and demonstrated. The phenomenon of "adsorption" was explained as being based upon Quincke's law. Dr. Wimmer next took up the consideration of emulsions. Emulsions are semi-colloidal preparations. The oil is the disperse phase and water, or a solution of gum. is the dis- persion medium. The surface of the subdivided oil is very large and, therefore, surface properties overbalance all others. Milk is one of the most important emulsions, and a con- siderable amount of colloidal work has been done. An abnor- mal surface tension of milk may show addition of water. An abnormal viscosity shows the addition of oil. Ultra-filtra- tion furnishes a method for distinguishing boiled from raw milk. The size of its fat globules and their rate of ascen- sion has been determined. The weight of a fat globule can be calculated. The speaker asserted that all of this work should be applied to the pharmaceutical emulsions. The gum or other emulsifying agent acted as such because it lowered the interphasial tension of the oil-water system and had to separate at the boundary surfaces according to Quincke's law, tliereby forming a covering around the fat globule. The determination of the emulsifying power of the liquid was demonstrated by means of Donnen's pipette. The viscosity of an emulsion is proportional to the oil content up to a certain maximum, then the viscosity value decreases. This factor might be used to establish the addition of undue amounts of oil, the surface tension might be used to show presence of excessive water or other additions. From the size of the fat or oil globule we can approximately calculate how soon an emulsion will separate. This was illustrated by using Stoke's formula. Considerable reference was made to Picker- ing's work on emulsions, who found that certain basic salts can act as emulsifying agents as well as soaps, gums, saponin, etc. The cracking of emulsion by alcohol is due to a dehydra- tion of the emulsifying agents, or it may be due to the inner friction becoming too great when the oil globules are crushed and the coverings torn. The action of inorganic salts on emulsions with and without addition of alcohol was also considered in detail. In conclusion. Dr. Wimmer stated that the additional knowledge which colloid-chemistry furnished regarding emul- sions was highly important and useful. It will lead to a more thorough understanding of this class of preparations, and in time to come will assist the pharmacist is compounding emulsions which will be wellnigh perfect. N. Y. C. P. REDUCES MORTGAGE TO $55,000 Indebtedness was $125,000 Just Ten Years Ago — Lectures Arranged for Future Meetings In one decade the Ne\v York College of Pharmacy has re- duced the mortgage on its grounds and building from SI 25.000 to $55,000. In ten years the indebtedness has been three-fifths cancelled, and it is hoped that in a very few years the mort- gage can be destroyed and the property held free and clear. The latest reduction was brought about at the December meet- ing of the Board of Trustees, when it was voted to pay off $10,000 on the principal of the mortgage. At this meeting of the trustees it was announced that the lectures for the regular meetings of the college had been ar- ranged. Professor Robert H. Montgomery, of the School of Commerce of Columbia University, will talk on ".Vccounting for Pharmacists," at the Tanuar>' 19, 1915, meeting. On the c\tnint; of Manh l(>tli. Professor Edward Kremers of the UiiiM isity i.l \\ is,,,iiaid the special tax, it shall be unlawful for any person to send, ship, carry, or deliver any of the aforesaid drugs from any state, territory, or the District of Columbia, or any insular possession of the l-nitcd States to any person in any State or territory, or to the District of Columbia, or any insular possession of the United States. The provisions of the act shall not be construed to apply to the -sale, distribution, giving away, dispensing, or possession of preparations and remedies which do not contain more than two grains of opium, or more than one-fourth of a grain of morphine, or more than one-eighth of a grain of heroin, or more than one grain of codeine or any salt or derivative, or any of them in one fluid ounce, or, if a solid or semi-solid preparation in one avoirdupois ounce ; or to liniments, oint- ments, or other preparations which are prepared for external use only, except liniments, ointments, and other preparations which contain cocaine, or any of its salts, or alpha or beta eu- caine or any of their salts or any synthetic substitute for them ; provided, that such remedies and preparations are sold, dis- tributed, given away or dispensed as medicines, and not for the purpose of evading the intentions and provisions of this act. The provisions of this act shall not apply to decocainized coca leaves or preparations made therefrom, or to other pre- parations of coca leaves which do not contain cocaine. It is unlawful for any person not registered under the pro- visions of the act and who has not paid the special tax pro- vided for by this act, to have in his possession, or under his control any of the aforesaid drugs; and such possession or control shall be jjresumptive evidence of a violation of this section, and also a violation of the provisions of Section 1 of the act ; provided, that this section shall not apply to any em- ployee of a registered person or to a nurse under the supervi- sion of a physician, dentist, or veterinary surgeon registered under this act, having such possession or control by virtue of his employment or occupation, and not on his own accoimt; or to the possession of any of the aforesaid drugs, which have been prescribed in good faith by a physician, dentist, or veteri- nary surgeon registered under this act, or to any United States, county, municipal, district, territorial or insular officer or offi- cial, who has possession of any said drugs by reason of his official duties, or to a warehouseman holding possession for a person registered, and who has paid the tax under this act; or to common carriers engaged in transporting such drugs; pro- vided, further that it shall not be necessary to negative any of the aforesaid exemptions, in any complaint, information, in- dictment or any other writ or proceeding laid or brought under this act; and the burden of proof of any such e.xemption shall be upon the defendant. Any person who violates or fails to comply with any re- quirements of the law shall on conviction be fined not more than $2,000 or be imprisoned not more than five years, or both, in the discretion of the court. British Pharmacopoeia Soon Official In discussing Lord IMouIton's diagnosis of the condition of the British chemical-industry so far as pharmaceutical chemi- cals are concerned, we have had difficulty in excluding from the article some reflections on the effect that the new British Pharmacopoeia is having upon the situation. We have already protested (C. & D., August 15, p. 47) that publication of the Pharmacopoeia during the war is extremely unfortunate. This is a time when everybody connected with the manu- facture, dispensing, and sale of medicines has enough to do in getting them ; and when changed standards are added to existing inconveniences it is extremely probable that greater difficulties will be experienced in the new year. During the past two months we have been in almost daily communication with chemical-manufacturers who have de- sired information in regard to new standards of pharma- copoeial chemicals, and we have also had the opportunity of perusing correspondence between buyers and manufacturers, the object being to get assurance that the chemicals supplied for sale when the Pharmacopoeia is binding will comply with the official tests. Without exception the manufacturers de- clare that the enforcement of new standards at this time, with the call upon them consequent upon the war. is in the nature of criminal ineptitude. Besides restriction in the supply of raw materials, our manufacturers are working their factories short-handed, consequent upon many of their men having joined the army, and in some cases manufacturers are supply- ing His Majesty's forces on land and sea. In these circum- stances a new Pharmacopoeia is a veritable nightmare to them as well as to their customers who distribute to retailers. This protest so far as the General Medical Council is con- cerned, may be as water poured on a duck's back, but in view of the supply of medicines we venture to suggest that they should indicate some modification of the notice gazetting the new Pharmacopoeia, so as to give manufacturers more time to prepare for the new standards, and relieve retailers of the immediate incidence of the penal provisions of the Sale of Food and Drugs Acts. — The Chemist and Druggist. News and Trade Section Mostly Personal A. G. RICHARDSON DINES WITH OLD FRIENDS A LICK G. RICHARDSON, vice president of J. Hunger- ford Smith Co., of Rochester, X. Y.. who ahiiost 20 years ago was a prescription clerk in xhc tit\ of Pittsburgh, recently tendered his oldtime friends and i\ilM\s workers of ear- lier years in that city a reception at the Fort I'itt hotel. Feel- ing that some of the "old timers" might have been suc- ceeded by younger men, he invited everj- member of the Western Pennsylvania Retail Druggists' Association to at- tend. This general call was responded to with enthu- siasm, and the guests and their ladies numbered close to 200. In explanation of his rea- son for thus honoring his Pittsburgh friends, iMr. Rich- ardson made tlie following remarks, which were part of a feeling after dinner speech: "When I think of my loyal friends in Pittsburgh it takes me back to my boyhood days. I came to this city 35 years ago, looking for a posi- tion as a drug clerk. The man who gave me my first position kept me in his employ for many years, and 1 worked in the capacitj- of drug clerk for 15 years. Later, I went on the road for the J. K. McKee Co. While with that firm, I ran across the J. Hungerford Smith Co. line of fruit syrups and crushed fruits, and secured the sale for them in Pittsburgh 19 years ago. That is where my friends came in." Mr. Richardson went on to say how through the confidence of the druggists of Pittsburgh and later, the confidence of the jobbers, he sold more of his company's products in that city than was sold in any state in the L'nion. On this account he was made salesmanager for his company. He said that there was a lot of sentiment connected with his business in Pittsburgh. He was a member of the W. P. R. D. A. and had always claimed Pittsburgh as his home town. Although he had attended many conventions through- out the countrj-, he would back his " 'old Pittsburgh boys' against any bunch in the countrj'." Secretary B. E. Pritchard officiated as toastmaster. Among the guests were Dr. J. O. Schlotterbeck, dean of the University of Michigan School of Pharmacy, and Dr. J. A. Koch, dean of the pharmacy department of the University of Pittsburgh. A. G. Richardson PHARMACIST AND MODERN MERCHANDIZER A prominent example of a modern drug store is that re- cently built and equipped by James S. Robinson, the pioneer pharmacist of Memphis, Tenn. The store, while severe in its plainness, is a fitting monument to the activities of Mr. Robinson, who, after nearly a half century of successful practice, is still an ethical pharmacist and a modern merchan- dizer. From the bronze threshold to the prismatic sky-light, the store is complete in every detail and is equipped with every modem appliance to facilitate labor, each case and section be- ing adapted for holding and displaying certain articles. The store has a record of a million and a half prescriptions filled under one management, and in this achievement it ran well l)e proud and challenge the record of any other store in a city the size of Memphis. The store was established in 1869. Mr. Robinson is one of the few "Old School" pharmacists yet in active business, and his friends in Memphis are saying with Rip Van Winkle, "May he live long and prosper." Pharmaceutical Personalities — Thomas Hewitt, a clerk in the Averbeck Drug Store, Youngstown. O., was badly burned by sulphuric acid on Nov. 2", hut will recover. The origin of the fire, which caused dama.ue amounting to about $15,000 is something of a mys- tery, it li. ini; reported at the time that an explosion of sul- phuric aeiil which Hewitt was pouring for a customer was the cause, but this is denied by the firm. Hewitt, it seems, had gone to the rear of the store to get the acid, and suddenly others in the store heard him call out, and flames immediately spread through the store. He escaped through the basement, despite his injuries, and was rushed at once to a hospital. The company gamely opened up the store for business the next morning, however, refusing to permit a little thing like a $15,000 fire to interrupt its service to its patrons. — Edward J. Thomas, proprietor of the People's drug store, San Francisco, reenacted the good Samaritan recently and was brutally beaten up for his trouble. He was also relieved of $30 in cash and a gold watch worth $50. Two men came into his store at about nine in the evening, one of them limping badly. The injured man explained that he had fallen off a car and asked the druggist to fix him up. Mr. Thomas was about to go to the rear of the store to find some liniment. As he turned his back the two men seized him, and while one of them choked, him the other drew a revolver and beat him over the head until he fell limp on the floor. He was just able to shout for help when the men had left the store. A policeman responded and sent him to the hospital. — Miss Claire KANiROwrtTZ, daughter of the editor of the Deiitsch-AiiicrikaniscJie Apotheker-Zeitiing, took a very active part in the work of the German Red Cross bazar, which affair was held in the 71st regiment armory, December 5th to 20th. Her services were gracefully acknowledged in the Zeitung Deutsches Journal, the newspaper published daily at the bazar, and the proceeds from the sale of which were donated to the German Red Cross. Miss Kantrowitz was invited by Editor Julius Krause, of the Abcndblatt dcr Neiv York Staats-Zeitting, to assist at the art department of the bazar. She succeeded not only in securing a number of art objects for this department from members of the German Apothecaries' Society, but was also quite successful in disposing of them at the bazar. — Ralph Fry, prescription druggist in the employ of the Monroe Drug Co., Monroe, La., was recently elected State drug inspector at a meeting of the Louisiana State Board of Health. Some time ago when it was learned that the place was to be filled, Mr. Fry made application. He was endorsed by all the Monroe druggists and physicians and by influential friends from other parts of the State. He is a graduate of the Atlanta College of Pharmacy and has had several years practical ex- perience in his home town, Shreveport, and other cities before he came to Monroe less than a year ago. Since he received the news by telegram from President Dr. Oscar Dowling, of the Health Board, Mr. Fry has been congratulated by his many friends in Monroe. — John B. Raser, one of Reading's (Pa.) most successful businessmen, was recently obliged to cancel his arrangements to spend two j'ears abroad on account of the war. Mr. Raser succeeded his father, the late J. Heyl Raser, in the ownership of the drug store at Sixth and Walnut streets, conducted the same successfully for a long number of years and was in turn succeeded by his son, William H. Raser, the present owner. Mr. Raser is a member of the board of managers of the Reading hospital and is interested in every public movement to make Reading a better home city. He has traveled a great deal since retiring from business, and recently returned from Eu- rope when his plans were upset as related above. Mr. Raser w.is born at Milton on December 7, 1850. — Elisha C. Sthliian, who is in his eighties and now re- sides in .\shaway, Ct., was recently hailed as "the oldest living drug clerk of Westerly," by George F. Greene, druggist of Hope Valley, who has been in business 52 years. Mr. Greene had in his possession a copy of a very old medical publication, once issued by a member of Mr. Stillman's family. The pub- 26 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [January, 1915- licity which accompanied the presentation of the odd gift led to the recalling by the old gentleman of various bits of the pharmaceutical history of Westerly. Mr. Stillman was en- gaged for a period of nine months as a drug clerk in a store on Si.xth avenue in this city. He asserts that he is among the oldest drug clerks in the countiy. — Harry Beiling, 563 North Laramie avenue, Chicago, was recently relieved of the sum of $64 by a 17-year old errand boy who worked in the former's pharmacy. Upon examination in the psycopathic laboratory it was discovered that the boy scaled 11 years by test. In court, he told the judge that he had never got any further than the third grade in school, and if given a chance he would go down to Jonesville, Ala., where be had a brother, and would "make good." Mr. Beiling be- came a "big brother" to the boy and offered to advance the money for a ticket to Jonesville, as a Christmas present. The judge promised to give the "kid" a Christmas box to take with him on his journey. — Raymond Randall, Fairfield, Ct., druggist, was recently employed as a target by robbers who broke into the postoffice, blew open the vault and got away with loot worth $200 or more. Mr. Randall discovered the men, five of them, at work, and was fired upon. The bullet missed him, but proved the "good intentions" of the gun man by smashing a plate glass window of a nearby hardware store. Although the druggist warned the police, and the surrounding countryside was immediately alarm- ed, the best work done was by a deputy sheriff who sent a volley of bullets after a speeding auto when it shot through Norwalk at a sixty-mile pace. — John M. Fallon, of Cincinnati, who for many years con- ducted a pharmacy at Eighth and Carr streets, that city, re- cently sold out his business and left for Birmingham, Ala., where he will stay for a time, at least, with relatives. He will probably return to Cincinnati, but will spend some weeks in the South for his health. Mr. Fallon was recently re-elected first vice-president of the Ohio Valley Druggists' Association, indicating the esteem in which he is held by his fellow drug- gists. Joseph Fabe purchased the drug business, and will con- tinue its operation. —Thomas Hewitt, a young druggist employed by the Aver- beck drug store, 14 West Federal street, Youngstown, O., which establishment was recently damaged by fire to the extent of $5,000, was seriously burned by sulphuric acid, which he was procuring from the rear of the store when the conflagration started. He was rushed to the hospital in an ambulance and was at that time said to be suffering terribly from his bums. Just how the fire and the acid accident were caused does not seem to be clearly understood. The fire loss was fully covered by insurance. — Jerome A. Crane, advertising manager for Riker-Hegeman Co., spoke on "The Drug Store, Past and Present," at the re- cent "dispel the gloom" banquet of the Sphinx club at the Wal- dorf-Astoria hotel. Mr. Crane showed how the drug business had prospered through good advertising. He insisted that de- ceptive advertising had been crushed out of existence and that in the last few years the conduct of the drug business had been efficient, honest and highly sanitary. There were more than one hundred present at the banquet. Merle H. Taylor, a druggist of Pittsburgh, Pa., was re- cently arrested at his store on a warrant sworn to by a Post- office Inspector charging him with mailing packages in the U. S. mail containing poison, specifying opium. According to U. S. authorities at Pittsburgh, thousands of dollars worth of opium has been mailed to various persons by a number of Pittsburgh druggists, and other persons who have made that city a recognized center for traffic in opium. Taylor denies the charge against him. — Dr. Mary A. Monaghan, who was a recent candidate for membership on the Waltham, Mass., school committee, was at one time a student at the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, and had experience in a pharmacy in Boston, previous to her graduation from Tufts Medical School. Since January 1, 1914, she has been practicing medicine in Waltham. She is a mem- ber of Tufts alumni, the New England Hospital Society, the American Medical Association, the Beta Phi Epsilon chapter at Tufts and the Waltham Medical club. — Hilson II. Whytk, .sales manager, and Dr. A. Parker Kitchens, chcmi.st, of the II. K. Mulford Co., Philadelphia, discussed their company's biological laboratory on the out- skirts of Philadelphia, at a recent meeting of the Rotary club, held in the St. James hotel. They pointed out that the labora- tories of Europe were unable to cope with the war situation and that recourse was had to those of the United States. They averred that Philadelphia had seemed especially attractive to those in charge of this feature of European army service. — George Waldorf, of New Orleans, is endeavoring to com- pel the commissioner of public property, to issue to him a permit to erect a drug store at Dryades and Peniston streets. He re- cently sought a mandamus to this effect. The permit is re- fused on the ground that an ordinance adopted last summer, prohibits the establishment of any character of business on. Peniston street. Mr. Waldorf declares that the ordinance does- not specify drug stores, and violates the Constitutions of the country and of the State. — Harry B. French, of the Smith, Kline & French Co., addressed the Philadelphia branch of the A. Ph. A., at its December meeting, on the effect of the war on the wholesale drug market. While speaking upon the subject of contraband goods, he said that England and France apparently have tlie right to declare almost anything contraband, but they hesitate upon some articles on account of inciting a hostile feelhig in this country. —The W. B. Riker & Son Co. must pay Marie Louise Jaques of New Haven, Conn., the sum of $1,450, in accordance with the terms of a stipulation recently filed in the superior court in a suit brought to recover damages of $10,000, alleged to have been incurred because plaintiff was dispensed a plaster which was not per prescription and which raised blisters. Mrs. Jaques also alleged that she spent more than $300 for medical attendance before she completely recovered. — W. F. Geartman, at 57th street and Wentworth avenue, Chicago, is another druggist witness to the effect that there are quite a number of people who believe they need ready money this winter. Two men entered his store recently and asked for alcohol. The druggist saw in the glass that the men were reaching for their revolvers and fired first, knocking one of their weapons to the floor. The other man dropped his re- volver. They were arrested. — Whllam F. Woodward, Portland, Ore., druggist, recently advised his local press that the only way to prohibit liquor sales was to prohibit. He wrote : "Any and every law and penalty which will produce the result — a result asked for by 30,000 Oregon voters at the last election — should be enacted." He im- plored the legislators of his State to "give to the decent druggist and his calling an opportunity to hold and retain the confidence and esteem of his fellow men." — E. H. La Pierre, a professor in the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and a member of the Cambridge Board of Health, was found not guilty of illegally selling liquor, recently, the judge taking occasion to score "spotter" evidence. The La Pierre Drug Co., of which Professor La Pierre is president, was found guilty of keeping and exposing liquors for sale, and was fined $100. — C. H. Goddard, general manager for the American Drug- gists' Syndicate, wsls recently tendered a dinner at the Hotel Casey, Scranton, Pa., by druggists from the Lackawanna and Wyoming valleys. After they had dined, those present adjourned to the Court Square to view 2,000 feet of "movies" showing the plant of the syndicate. Mr. Goddard, H. W. Merritt, Wm. Knoepel and W. D. White spoke at the dinner. — John M. Fallon, Cincinnati, recently re-elected vice presi- dent of the Ohio Valley Druggists' .'KssoriaticMi, -iold his drug store at Eighth and Carr streets and left for liirmingham, Ala. .■\. trip through the South for the sake of hi.^ lu.ilth was gen- erally believed to be his first objective following the consvmima- tion of the sale. He numbers his friends in Cincinnati by the score. — William A. Rapp, one of the several Cincinnati druggists who have been charged with the illegal sale of opiates, was re- rently fully exonerated of the charge by the State Board of rh;iini:u\-, ind that body will therefore take no steps against liiin 1 I, ink (". Sofge, a well-known druggist against whom siinil.ii (li,ii:j,rs are pending, will be heard by the Board some time in jan\uiry. He is confident of establishing his innocence. —I. J. Miller, a druggist of Covington, Ky., after a hard- fought legal battle in the circuit court against the forces of the State, on account of an indictment on the charge of selling cocaine without a prescription, was the winner, in effect, by January, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA the failure of the jury to agree. Four other indictments on similar charges are still pending against him, however, which will be heard shortly. — Dr. W. C. .Alpers, president-elect of the American Phar- maceutical Association and dean of the Cleveland College of Pharmacy, was recently tendered a complimentary dinner at the Cleveland Athletic club in honor of his recent election at Detroit. The dinner was given by members of tlie Northern Ohio branch of the A. Ph. A., and trustees and members of Cleveland C. P. — M. C. \'a\ Dorn, who has been the proprietor of a drug store in Covington, Ind., for several years, but not registered as a pharmacist, recently took the Indiana State Board of Phar- macy examination and passed with a good grade. Although he already had a practical knowledge of pharmacy, he this year took a summer course in order to familiarize himself with the subject from a technical point of view. — W. J. HocKADAY .\ND H. V. RoLTZOXG, valued employes of the Pure Drug Co., operating a drug store at Portsmouth, O., resigned recently, Mr. Hockaday going to West Virginia to go into business for himself, if he finds a suitable opening, while Mr. Rouuong will take a position with the Bailey Drug Co., of Dayton, O — Frank R. Gleason, assistant manager at the Riker-Jaynes drug store, Haverhill, Mass., and Samuel A. Jordan, of the same city, spent their fall vacation on a hunting trip, the lat- ter shooting a 250-pound eight-pointed buck, which was a very handsome specimen. — R.\LPH J. Mallory, druggist at Williams, la., was obliged because of poor health to absent himself from his pharmacy during part of December, and it was announced that he would retire from business in Williams during the holidays, a change in his occupation being considered essential. — Dr. Eugene L. M.aixes, who for the past fotirs years, held the position of chief chemist and superintendent of the Bristol- Myers Co., Brooklyn, N. Y., has resigned to accept the position of chief chemist and general superintendent of the R. J. Stra- senburgh Co., Rochester, N. Y. The Xeaur & F.vrthixg, Gloversville, N. Y., now consists solely of Augustus A. Farthing, who has piirchased the interest of the late Stephen Neahr in the pharmacy conducted by that firm at West Fulton and Cayadutta streets. Mr. Farthing is a graduate of .-Mbany C. P. — W. A. XiCHOLAS, formerly a druggist at Lake City, la., and now residing at Middle River, Miim., was recently struck by an automobile. His arm was broken and he sustained other injuries. — JOHX J. TOBIN, of South Boston, vice president of the Massachusetts State Pharmaceutical Association, was recently appointed by Governor Walsh to membership on the State Board of Registration in Pharmacy. — Louis Dowxixg, formerly of Hamilton, Mont., and who the past two years has been conducting a drug store at Port- land, Ore., was recently married to Miss Florence Loughran, a very popular nurse of Butte. — John W. Cuff, druggist of South Braintree, Mass., was severely burned about the face by acid. One eye was burned, but the attending physicians think the sight will not be im- paired. — Thomas N. Hemphill, of Osceola, la., was recently mar- ried to Miss Alma Schamberger, of Pawpaw, 111. Mr. Hemp- hill is in the drug business at Osceola and the bride was for- merly a school teacher in the public schools of the same city. —Frederick D. Peter, formerly of the Peter Drug Co., Pawnee. Okla., has purchased the drug store of J. N. Macken- zie at Waukegan, 111. Mr. Mackenzie has gone to California where he expects to make his home in future. — Frank W. Smith, manager of the Philadelphia branch of Eli Lilly & Co., is recovering from the effects of an operation in the Northwestern General hospital, Philadelphia. He ex- pected to be able to return home for Christmas. — W. Scott Tayxor, the Trenton, N. J. druggist, announced his intention some time ago to participate in the "Display Day" competition of window decorations for the Christmas trade, held in the Jersey capital. — George B. Evans, the wellknown retail druggist of Phila- delphia, was recently elected a vice-president of the Union League of that city. Obituaries George Merrell The Late Geo. Merrell GEORGE MERRELL, president of The William S. Mer- rell Chemical Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, died at his residence in that city on Saturday, December 12, in his sixty-ninth year. Mr. Merrell was ill for only two weeks, and the immediate cause of his death was given as heart dis- ease. Funeral services were held at the Church of the New Jerusalem, of which he was a prominent member, and delegates were in attendance from the Ohio Valley Drug- gists' Association, the Cincin- nati branch of the A. Ph. A. and the several jobbing houses in Cincinnati. His widow and three sons, Stanley W. Mer- rell, judge of the superior court, and Thurston, both of whom are Harvard graduates, and Charles G., a Boston Technical Institute graduate, survive. Mr. Merrell was a 32nd degree Mason, a life member of the N.C. Harmony lodge, a charter member of the American Society of Colonial Wars, through descent from a brave New England ancestry, member of the Sons of the American Revolution, and a member of the Queen City, East Hill Golf and Country clubs. For many years he was a direc- tor of the old Merchants bank, and at one time was a member of the Sinking Fund Board. He was a very popular member of the New York Drug and Chemical club. At the beginning of the Civil War, George Merrell, a grad- uate of Woodward high school, was preparing for Harvard, but his older brothers having enlisted in the Northern army, it be- came necessary for him to enter the business his father. Dr. William S. Merrell, had established way back in 1828. In less than 20 years he became a full partner in the firm of Merrell & Company, having from the first displayed marked business ability. The elder Merrell, it is said, was endowed with an almost poetic idea of ethics and was opposed to soliciting orders for goods. On one occasion, the son was sent by his father into Indiana to collect an account and he returned with not only the cash, but with a big order besides. Instead of re- ceiving praise which he merited and expected. Dr. Merrell was much displeased. This was the beginning of George Merrell's experience as a traveling man for his house. With a keen insight into human nature, fluent in conversa- tion, possessing an urbanity that charmed and a courage almost heroic — George Merrell's influence with the trade was felt throughout the country. He met and overcame difficulties which would have appalled a weaker nature, and the success of the Merrell Chemical Co. is a tribute to his ability and ideals of professional standards. Matthew Mackay Yorston MATTHEW MACKAY YORSTON, 72 years of age, and one of the best known druggists in Cincinnati, died at his home at 414 Chestnut street on the evening of December 18. He had been an invalid since February IS, 1898, being stricken with apoplexy at that time, but up to four years ago had been taken to his store at 1063 Central avenue every day. He was not able to attend to his business personally, iDut liked to be at the store, which was in charge of his brother-in-law, Julius Hoffman. It is recorded that Mr. Yorston made the first baseball and bat in Cincinnati, known as the home of organized baseball, and that in 1859 he organized a team among hospital internes, which was one of the first, if not the very first, baseball team which ever existed. He also organized the famous team known as the "Live Oak.s," which in 1866 played a great match game with the Eagles, of Brooklyn, as Dayton, O., was then knovra. The Live Oaks won, by the creditable score of 52 to 12. 28 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [January, 1915 Mr. Yorston was prominent in numerous organizations, being a member of the G. A. R., of the Naval Veterans' Association, a life member of the American Pharmaceutical Association, member of the Ohio State Pharmaceutical Asso- ciation, the Ohio Valley Pharmaceutical Association, the National Union, the A.O.U.W., and an honorary member of the Caledonia Society, of Cincinnati. His death, while not altogether surprising, on account of his advanced age and his long invalidism, was none the less a shock to his hundreds of friends in the city, and regret was widespread. Major James B. Homer Major James B. Horner, of J. B. Horner & Co., importers and dealers in essential oils and drugs, 3 Piatt street, New York, and who was well known by druggists in many States, died at his home, 407 West 21st street, on Dec. 27, where he had lived for the last forty years. He had been active in busi- ness until the beginning of his illness from kidney trouble about three weeks before his death. He was born in Albany in 1839. At the outbreak of the civil war he enlisted in Hawkin's Zouaves, a famous military organization of that day, and with it served through the entire war, taking part in the battles of South Mountain, Antietam, Fayetteville, Fredericksburg, and other famous engagements. He won his rank with the zouaves. At the close of the war he returned to New York and formed J. B. Horner & Co. For many years he published Marshall's almanac, given away by druggists throughout the country. He was a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, the G. A. R., and the Elks. A daughter, Mrs. George H. Kuper, and one son, Marshall F. Horner, survive. Ed-wrard H. Hance, Sr. Edward H. Hance, Sr., of Hance Brothers and White, manu- facturing pharmacists, Philadelphia, died on Monday, Decem- ber 12, at the Germantown Hospital, following an operation. He was 81 years of age and had suffered for a long time, his nervous condition being greatly weakened as the result of a carriage accident which caused the death of his wife, about a year ago. Mr. Hance was one of the oldest manufacturers of pharma- ceuticals in Philadelphia, having been in the business since 1856. As an official of the Philadelphia Drug Exchange, he served for more than half a century. He was also one of the early members of the Union League, and had also been a di- rector at the Germantown Hospital for years. He was born in Philadelphia. His surviving sons are Anthony M. Hance and Edward H. Hance, Jr., both of whom are members of the above named firm. RECENT DEATHS — William Scattergood, who was a member of the firm of Carter & Scattergood, manufacturing chemists at Twenty- fourth and Bainbridge streets, Philadelphia, and active in prison reforms, died on December 2, at his home in West Chester, of heart trouble, from which he had been suffering for nearly a year. Mr. Scattergood was 70 years of age and re- tired from business ten years ago. Shortly after his retirement the firm dissolved partnership. He was a member of the Friends' Meeting at West Chester and was active in the doings of the Orthodox Friends, being a member of the Board of Managers of the Friends Asylum at Frankford. He was also a member of the Pennsylvania Prison Society of Philadelphia and president of the Board of Inspectors of the Chester County Prison. — Louis Rothenburg, a retired druggist, was found dead in his bed in Long Branch, N. J. He was born at Giessen, Ger- many, in 1852, and was educated at the University of Giessen. He was one of the first druggists to receive a license in New York State, liis tirtiticatc being No. 37, and which he received on p issiiij; tli( ( \aniination of the Pharmaceutical Board of Nrw \'ink ill .\Mt;ii.st, 1872. He passed the New Jersey I'm. ml in 1^ 7^^ l- 1 u many years he was recofjnized as the th.-' l-lopn, t,i,- ,,l |!,M , ,tM,, s 1,1 tlul c Uv. Hr m for many years a.s a '"s Eu- ropean trip. On the subject of increased dues, he expressed the opinion that it might have been better to have raised the dues twenty-five cents a month, instead of ten. The increase, which was voted seven or eight months ago, has proved suc- cessful. Treasurer Robert S. Lehman reported total receipts for the past year, $2,325 ; total disbursements. $2,296, and balance on hand, $29. The funds of the society consist of S2,148 in the savings bank, and $319 in outstanding dues. The membership totals 346, of which number 308 are regular, 20, associate, and 18 honorary and corresponding. Recent contributions to the German Red Cross fund amount to $113.50 (to date of meet- ing), and previously acknowledged contributions totaled $1,456, making a grand total of $1,569.90. Recorder George Leinecker reported that the sale of surplus books and periodicals had netted $47. He advocated the greater use of the society's library by tlie members. Otto Raubenheimer, chairman of the scientific committee, re- viewed the lectures given during the year by members and others. He also dwelt on the fact that 1915 would be a very important year for pharmacy in the United States, since both the U,S.P. and the N.F, would be published sometime during the summer. S. V. B. Swann, chairman of the legislative committee, in- formed the members of pertinent war tax decisions which had been handed down to date of meeting, and also called atten- tion to the Attorney-General's opinion relative to the counter sale of preparations coming under the provisions of New York City Board of Health amended ordinance 182. Hugo Kan- trowitz, chairman of the press committee, read communications, in which Professor Hermann Thorns, of Berlin, and Professor Alexander Tschirch, of Bern, thankfully acknowledged the honorary memberships recently bestowed upon them. For the board of trustees, Felix Hirseman reported that the books of the treasurer had been audited and found in excellent condi- tion. In behalf of the members, he thanked Mr. Lehman for the good work the latter had performed in his official capacity. The sum of $100 was voted as a contribution to the fund for the charity bazar held at the 71st regiment armor>-, December 5 th to 20di. A communication was received from the German theater, Irving place, requesting the society to arrange for a theater party. This matter was referred to the entertainment committee for action. Charles N. Lehman, Tottenville. L, I., was proposed for membership by George T. RieftJin. Louis P. Frees was elected a member. January, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 31 MANUFACTURERS SEEK INTORMAJTION "T. W. Bergen" and '''M. Perla" Trade on Credit of Retired Jobber and Retailer in Business During the past month manufacturers in the trade have been receiving orders from one T. \V. Bergen, 25S Broadway, Brook- lyn, and one M. Perla, 19 East 14th street, and inquiries have been made concerning their identity and business standing. As has developed these are the names of men in good standing in their respective communities, and one of them is in tlie retail drug business in this city. M. Perla conducts a drug store at 1626 Madison avenue. An individual by the name of H. Stem who was arrested at 19 East 14th street, has been charged with impersonating the real Mr. Perla and that the door of his office bore the name M. Perla. Stern's case will come up in court shortly. The mercantile agencies give a good rating to T. W. Bergen, Brookl>-n, N. Y. In attempting to answer tht inquiries re- ceived our representative found that up to last June T. W. Bergen was engaged in a druggists' sundries business at 322 Flatbush avenue, and had at that location quite a large stock. He was regarded as a man of high character and was under- stood to have considerable means, owning much real estate in the Bay Ridge section. According to our information, this Bergen closed out because of ill health and asserted that after making some arrangements concerning his property in Bay Ridge he was going to California. The Era representative was informed by one mercantile agency that its report was on T. W. Bergen, 322 Flatbush ave- nue, and that it knew nothing of a man of this name at 258 Broadway. The building at 258 Broadway, Brooklyn, is occupied by the First National bank. When visited, the name of T. W. Ber- gen was on the directory in the hallway. His office was on the second floor and was shared by F. E. Stevenson. The only name on the door was "F. E. Stevenson, Manufacturers' Agent." Bergen was not in, nor did Mr. Stevenson admit that he knew anything about him. He did not know where Bergen had come from, nor anything about his wholesale drug business. He only knew that Bergen helped pay the rent. There were several lots of manufacturers' goods on the floor. The elevator man flattered our representative by mistaking him for Bergen, remarking to the Era man that "another pack- age had arrived." The elevator man stated that Stevenson had occupied his office about two weeks, and that Bergen had ar- rived about two days later. A later development has been the location of the "real" T. W. Bergen. He resides at 169 Senator street. Bay Ridge, this city, and has talked with the Era office over the 'phone. Another interesting feature was the receipt of a letter in this city from a Western manufacturer, who requested information on both T. W. Bergen and M. Perla. IF MR. FRANK THOMPSON SHOULD CALL — Please Do Not Pay Him Money on Account of the United Stores Drug Company From The United Stores Drug Company, Inc., (operating The Charles Reif Company) comes a circular dated Chatta- nooga, Tenn., December 10, stating that a man named Frank Thompson has called on several retail drug stores and depart- ment store dealers recently, representing himself as a traveling agent and authorized to collect and receipt for money for the account of The United Stores Drug Company. He is in pos- session of some of the company's circulars and printed matter, and some bottles of perfume, toilet water, and face cream manu- factured by the company. In several cases he has collected money from dealers, and two dealers, at least, have given him notes maturing at future dates for small amounts. The com- pany says: "We wish to warn the public against this individual and any other individual claiming to be our representative and having authority to receipt for money owing or to be owing to our Company. If Thompson, or any other person by any other name, should come to you and endeavor to separate you from your money, claiming to be acting for us or in our behalf, protect yourself and us by every fair means." The Company also asks every dealer who is called upon by a person who answers the description given here to notify them by telegraph or telephone at 806 Cherry St., Chattanooga, Tenn. (Bell telephone, Long Distance, Main 2869) : "About 35 to 38 years old, smooth shaven, clear skin, weighs about 150 to 160 pounds, carefully and expensively dressed, wears nose glasses, edge of his eyelids seem a little bit red, black hair, with prematurely gray tinge of hair around his ears, writes a very clear, legible hand; former occupation in- surance, and stock and bond salesman; originally from Phila- delphia, has traveled over America, Europe, and India, and considerably in Hungary, and for a short while was located in Berlin, in Paris, and in London. Probably he is accompanied by a handsome young woman about 23 to 25 years of age who has a clear fair complexion, black eyes, black hair, weighs about 125 lbs., handsomely gowned." ANTOINE CHIRIS CO'S AMERICAN WORKS Will Manufacture Essential Oils and Organic Chemi- cals with Process Parent Uses in France The Antoine Chiris Company, New York City, American agent for Etablissements Antoine Chiris & Jeancard Fils Reu- nis, Paris, Grasse and Cannes, France, recently completed the construction of its American works at Delawanna, N. J., 13 miles out of this city. The principal object of the works is to manufacture or distil essential oils and organic chemicals. It was first suggested by the American company, of which C. G. Euler is president, and B. T. Bush is vice president, which realized the advantage of having a plant in this country where oils might be distilled from the dried, raw material, which may easily be imported from abroad. Another object was to be in a position to meet the increasing demand for pure prod- ucts. In this direction, it might be observed that the processes employed at Delawanna will correspond with those used in the Grasse and Cannes plant, and the quality will therefore be the same as heretofore. The works depicted on this page, has 37,000 square feet of floor space, and the buildings are planned so as to permit ex- tension. The ground owned by the company is a little over 12 acres in area. There are five sections in the main group of buildings, the various wings being devoted to office, library, laboratory, packing, storing, shipping, manufacturing, distilling, etc., purposes. One wing is the chemical building and in it will be manufactured essential oil derivatives and organic che- micals. A full line of synthetics and aromatic chemicals will be eventually manufactured in this wing. A two-story wing devoted to the stills — 10 in number, each of which is about 7,000 liters capacity. 32 THE PHAKMACEUTICAL ERA [January, 1915 MEMPHIS TENN. DRUGGISTS PROTEST "Will Not Push Proprietaries or Toilet Articles on Which They Pay the Tax At a recent meeting of the Memphis (Tenn.) Drug Club ^his subject came up for discussion: "What action, if any, shall the retail druggists of the city take with reference to the position of some manufacturers of proprietary and toilet articles that the war tax upon such articles shall be paid by the retail druggists?" After a short discussion the following resolutions were offered and adopted: Whereas, the principal profit realized from the handling of proprietary and toilet articles is made by the manufacturer, and the profit made in selling said articles by the retail -druggist is already but a nominal and barely a living profit when the increased cost of doing business is taken into con- sideration; and, Whereas, the profit thus realized by the retail druggist selling said articles will not stand a further reduction and en- able the retail druggist to continue in business; now, therefore. Whereas, a majority of manufacturers of proprietary and toilet articles have voluntarily proposed to bear the additional cost of the said war tax and so advised the trade, Be It Resolved that we, herewith assembled, do agree that we cannot further continue the active, aggressive sale of such proprietary preparations and toilet articles the tax upon which is sought to be placed upon us, and that we will be forced, in order to properly conduct our business, to discontinue the active presentation to the public of such articles the tax upon which is sought to be imposed upon us, and to encourage the sale of such articles the tax upon which is justly borne and paid by the manufacturer. Resolved further that copies of this resolution be furnished the manufacturers generally. At the meeting Edward V. Sheely presided, and Edwin Collins acted as secretary. A. I. A. AND CRUDE DRUG IMPORTATIONS -Importers Seek Espousal of Philadelphia Exchange Proposition — ^Special Comnuittee Appointed At a recent special meeting of the American Importers' Asso- ciation, held at 165 Broadway, this city, an effort was made to have that organization espouse the proposal of the Philadel- phia Drug Exchange to secure for importers of crude drugs a right to appeal from the rulings of government inspectors at ports of entry. Arguments were presented by Irving McKesson, of McKesson & Robbins; William F. McConnell, secretary of the Drug Trade Section, New York Board of Trade and Trans- portation"; L. H. Hobby, and J. R. Rippelse, of Schieffelin & Co.; Frederick L. Kraemer, of L. F. Kraemer & Co., and others. The executive committee was instructed to appoint a special committee to investigate the subject and report at a subsequent meeting. The lack of adequate authority on standards for crude drugs and the wide variety of qualities often found in a single ship- ment of the same kind of botanical drugs, making accurate judgment from a sample or samples practically impossible, was pointed out by Mr. McConnell. The absence of a court of last resort for importers of crude drugs was also brought out by this speaker, who cited a number of instances where importers had had their goods rejected by inspectors whose rulings had not been warranted by any recognized authority on the subject. Receiver for Oo-operativc: Syndicate of Baltimore Baltimore, November 10. — William Byrd, a lawyer, was re- cently appointed receiver for the Co-operative Syndicate, deal- ers in druggists' supplies and materials, at 426 and 428 East Saratoga street, in the Circuit Court, and bonded in the sum of $15,000. The petition for the receivership was filed by John P. Lambert, who alleged that he held 101 shares of the company's stock and that it owed him $885 money loaned and $880 salary. He also alleged that the corporation has liabilities of .$26,325 and assets of $19,500. The allegations were as- sented to by the company, with the exception of the one about the liabilities exceeding the assets. According to the company, the latter will be able to pay in full, if allowed time to realize •on the assets. TO MAKE STUDY OF FLAVORINGS Extract Manufacturers Establish Fellowship in Michigan University — J. R. Dean Appointed Baltimore, Dec. 15.— At a meeting of the Executive Com- mittee of the Flavoring Extract Manufacturers' Association, held in Pittsburgh, the fellowship at the University of Michi- gan, established by the organization at the last annual meeting to carry on a thorough investigation into the subject of vanilla extract, was awarded to John R. Dean. The latter, originally chosen by Dr. J. O. Schlotterbeck, of the J. Hungerford Smith Co., of Rochester, N. Y., to make such an inquir>-, has already put in the larger part of two years on the work, and under ,the provisions of the fellowship he will devote two years more to the subject. The Executive Committee also decided on the appointment of committees for all the States in which the Legislatures will hold sessions next year, with a view to keeping track of legis- lation of special interest to the Association, and in pursuance of the aim to obtain uniform laws on all subjects affecting the organization. As everyone knows, the present diversity of statutes is productive of serious losses, not to mention waste of time and other drawbacks, a product that meets' the standard of New York, for instance, being barred in some other state. Separate labels must be printed, and if by any means, through no fault of the manufacturer, a lot of goods intended for the trade of one State gets into another State with different legal requirements, the manufacturer is subject to a fine. The .Asso- ciation very justly takes the view that it is violative of common sense and justice to have varying requirements in different States, and will carry on a propaganda in favor of uniformity. Diverse other matters were taken up and disposed of at the Executive Committee meeting, at which Samuel H. Baer, of the Blanke-Baer Chemical Company, of St. Louis, the president, occupied the chair, with W. jM, ^.IcCormick, of McCormick ol Co., of Baltimore, as secretan.'. The subject of vanilla extract has been before the association for some time, and is rightly regarded as one of the most im- portant with which the organization is called upon to deal. Grave hardships have been imposed upon the manufacturers, the latter say, through the interpretation put upon the stan- dards, compliance with which is directed by the Pure Food and State law. It has been held that any extract not coming up to a certain strength was adulterated, when it was usually a case of different lots of vanilla beans yielding different results. Just as not all coffee yields a fixed percentage of caffein, so vanilla beans var>' in their chemical properties. The method of manufacture has also had much to do with determining the nature of the product, the extracts of the various manufac- turers being by no means the same, although ever>' one of them may be made from the bean and absolutely free from adul- teration. To determine with exactness what process will yield the best extract, how high the ludiinriion of alcohol used as a sol- vent should be in order tli.it iIm . xis.nt ir.ay possess its greatest strength, it was decidnl u< r-,t,ilili>h tin fellowship at the Uni- versity of Michigan. The huldir of the scholarship will gather samples and make a scientific study of all of the factors enter- ing into the manufacture of this extract. The members of the committee present at the meeting be- sides those mentioned were: S. J. Sherer. of the Sherer-Gillet Company, Chicago; C. F. Sauer. of the C. F. Sauer Company, Richmond, Ind.; Frank L. Beggs, of Styron. Beggs & Co., Newark, O.; Robert E. Heekin, of the Heekin Spice Com- pany, Cincinnati; F. P. Beers, of the C. L. Cotton Company, Earlsville. N. Y.; S. F. Irwin, of the L. H. Parke Company, Philadelphia; Mr. Jennings, of the Jennings & Co., Grand Rapids, Mich., and Thomas E. Lannen, attorney, Chicago. Measure to Relieve Revenue Tax on Stills Baltimore. December 11,— W. M. McCormick. of McCor- mick & Co . s( crel;iry of the National Flavoring Extract .Asso- ciation, \ ,1^ i.Ki-land. and relieves the manufacturers of flavoring extracts of the special internal revenue tax of $100 on the stills used to reclaim alcohol from the residue of vanilla beans and other substances used in making extracts. The measure now goes to tlie Senate, and there is every prospect that it will become a law. January, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 3a N. J. PH. A. MEANS TO GET NEEDED LAWS BISHOP-BABCOCK-BECKER GO'S ELECTION Members of the Legislative Committee Meet in Trenton — Go Over One Bill and Draft Another A meeting of the legislative committee of the Xew Jersey State Pharmaceutical Association was held in the State House, Trenton, on December 18. In attendance were ('h iinnan Ste- phen D. Woolley, Ocean Grove; Ge.nt;e ^I. 1" m u r l,x- President of the A. Ph. A., Camden: Tlionias S. .\riiisironL;, member executive committee of the X. A. R. D.. riainfield; Isaac J. Keuper, Trenton, and President John C. Gallagher, Jersey City. The pharmacy law, which was endorsed at the last meeting of the State association, and which die l-m-iuiM .^unmittee was instructed to introduce at tlie next s.:^-~i 'n t! - legisla- ture, was gone over very carefully, and was (haii^^ ii in a few minor details. This proposed measure cuntains all the best features of the present pharmacy law, with the a'ldiiinn of the so-called "prerequisite ( Liv.s-," and pr. i\isi( ms which will re- quire the licensing of - , ii ; -tlu r vendors of drugs, and will otherwise < ' ' ; tln^ State. The pro- posed legislation ain.> . - i i:iy iii..ircl and safeguard the health and safety of tiie public. An anti-narcotic bill, which if enacted will take the place of the present indefinite, ambiguous anti-narcotic law, was pre- pared and will be introduced at the m xt s' ssi.in of the legisla- ture. The purpose of the proposoi 1 ;ti' n is to stop the peddling of narcotics by unlicensed ii. is- i!^ tl. present law con- taining no provision against anyone ha\ ing narcotics in his possession . The outlook for pharmaceutical legislation for this year was carefully considered, and the opinion is that the two proposed bills will receive favorable consideration at the hands of the law-makers. The committee will meet again prior to the convening of the legislature on January 12th. Farrell Rules on Graduates and Nursing Bottles State Superintendent of Weights and Measures John F. Far- rell recently issued a ruling providing that graduated glasses for use in photography and similar pursuits in which accuracy is not essential may be used by manufacturers when they do not come up to the standard of accuracy necesasry for gradu- ates in dispensing drugs, provided that such graduates be in- destructibly marked "not legal for use in trade." Superinten- dent Farrell prohibits the use of such graduated glasses in measuring commodities for sale or for use in the sale and dispensing of drugs. Relative to nursing or sterilizing bottles the Superintendent establishes the following specification: "No specific tolerances are established in regard to these at present, but the gradua- tions must be as nearly accurate as the unavoidable difficulties in manufacture in accordance with good trade usage will allow." N. P. S. Meets, Dr. Emerson Present The National Pharmaceutical Society held a meeting re- cently at the New York College of Pharmacy, President John R. Wall presiding. The object of the meeting was the con- sideration of "the issues between the Health Department and the pharmacists of the city." Mr. Wall characterized the Health Board ordinance which effected the prohibition of the sale of household remedies permitted under the Boy Ian law. as a usurpation of power. Dr. Hayden Emerson, deputy health commissioner, who was present, expressed the opinion that the Board at its December 31st meeting would exclude certain pa- tent medicines from the preparations covered by the ordinance, and that these could be sold thereafter without a physician's prescription. The consensus among those present was that paregoric should be included in any list of exceptions that might be made. Dr. Emerson was opposed to this proposition. Indiana Man Markets $2,000 Worth of Burdock Perry Pursell, of Carmel, Ind., recently sold to Eli Lilly & Co., of Indianapolis, his crop of burdock roots, harvested from a four acre field, for die sum of S2.000. His total expenditure is said to have been $500. He received four cents a pound for the roots, which had to be ploughed up with a six-horse team, as the roots cannot be dug. Pursell was informed by Indianapolis manufacturers that the crop he had sold would suffice them for several years. L. A. Becker now General Sales Manager with Head- quarters at the Home Office, Cleveland THE annual meeting of the Bishop-Babcock-Becker Com- pany held at the company's general offices, East 49th streets and Hamilton avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, on De- cember 10 elected the following officers; John Sherwin, presi- dent; L. A. Becker, vice president; G. E. Collings, treasurer; E. T. Sargent, sec'y and assis- tant treasurer. J. H. Champ, the retiring president, was elected chairman of the board of directors, and L. A. Becker, at a subsequent directors' meeting, was appointed gene- ral sales manager for the com- pany. John Sherwin, the newly elected president, who has been connected with the com- pany for years as its treasurer, is the president of Cleveland's largest bank, but he will not be active in the management of this company's affairs. J. H. Champ the retiring presi- dent, and John Sherwin the retiring treasurer, made re- ports of interest to the stock- holders. The company is now wholly and entirely free of all banking indebtedness and its financial condition is most excellent. Pertaining to the soda fountain business, an aggressive cam- paign has been planned. The company's wellknown line of "Red Cross" fountains and Eureka Carbonators represents im- provements in their 1915 models over any fountain the company has heretofore offered to the trade. It will be noticed that Mr. Becker is now general sales man- ager for all branches of the company's business, and his head- quarters will be at the Home Office in Cleveland. L. A. Becker G. A. S. Charity Concert at Terrace Garden The German Apothecaries' Society will hold a charity con- cert at Terrace Garden on the evening of Thursday, January 28, and the funds derived from the affair will be used to aid the widows and orphans of German and Austrian soldiers. Otto P. Gilbert suggested the idea of giving the concert at the December meeting of the G. A. S. and it was unanimously- approved by the members. An effort will be made to secure the attendance of Dr. Bernhard Dernburg, a former secretary in the German cabinet, as honorary guest and speaker of the evening. Miss Elsa Riefflin will arrange for the talent who will appear at the concert and she herself will sing. Reno, Nevada, Druggist, Arrested As the outgrowth of charges filed by inspectors in behalf of the California State Board of Pharmacy, A. L. Sandmeyer, a Reno, Nevada, druggist, was taken into custody on board a train at Roseville, Cal., recently, and was to have been brought to San Francisco for trial on a charge of illegally selling drugs in that city. It is said that other charges will be pressed in Placer and Nevada counties. The penalty provided by the California laws is a fine of $450 for the first offense and im- prisonment for subsequent offenses. The State Board of Cali- fornia has been ferreting out violations of the laws providing for the sale of habit-forming drugs. Some months ago the Nevada State Board conducted an extensive correspondence with the California Board. The Twenty-ninth .\nnual Report of the Kansas State Board of Pharmacy contains an alttha lietical list of the registered pharmacists and assistants entiil' <1 to jxai licr in the State, a list of merchants licensed, a ii -n- M|.t of ih. -.neral pharmacy laws, anil the rules and rru^i 1. 1 i. .i,-, f,„ nnilit. .1 by the board of pharnni-.- Afioiding to the ri:port this board now holds re- cipro< :1 i ji^iriiinn relationship with 31 State Boards. At the pi' - lit til ,- there are 1,882 registered pharmacists and 19 regislei'.d a>-.,isiants in good standing on the rolls. During the year the board examined 165 applicants for registration, of which 68 were successful as pharmacists and 2 as assistants. 34 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [January, 1915 MEMBERS OF A. PH. A. ACTIVE Enthusiasm in Various Locals — Cliicag-oans Dine Prof. J. H. Beal — New Detroit Branch Elects Officers Chicago Branch, A. Ph. A. At the December meeting of the Chicago Branch of the A. Ph. A., representatives of the various pharmaceutical interests of the city were present to discuss the proposed amendments to the State pharmacy law. The meeting was considered very timely, as an important conference will be held at Springfield in January under the auspices of the Board of Pharmacy to consider le amendments to the present law. Leo L. Krazek, of the State Board, presented for discussion the recommenda- tions of that body to the Governor, which embraced certain changes in the present anti-narcotic sections of the law to con- form to the model "anti-narcotic law." These proposed changes were favored by Irwin A. Becker, S. K. Bass, H. C. Christen- sen and others. The second recommendation of the board would make it unlawful for any individual to have in his possession more cocaine or eucaine than can be obtained by means of a pre- scription from a licensed physician, exception to be made in the case of registered pharmacists, physicians, dentists, veteri- narians and hospitals. A third recommendation would make a college prerequisite requirement obligatory upon candidates for examination as registered pharmacists. After a brief dis- cussion by Prof. W. B. Day, this recommendation was unani- mously adopted. The fourth recommendation covered a penalty for false representation as to being registered in Illinois as ap- prentices, assistants or registered pharmacists. r Previous to the meeting a dinner in honor of Prof. J. H. Beal was served, the distinguished guest, on account of his recent change of residence to Illinois, becoming a member of the Branch. Prof. Beal related some facts concerning the ac- tivities of the Drug Trade Conference which had just closed a meeting in Washington. These related to the operation of the Harrison Bill, the various stamp tax decisions, the evils of law making by bureaucratic rulings and the need of modifying the present patent law. I. M. Light spoke of the protest made by the Chicago Retail Druggists' Association against a pro- posed bill to be presented to the legislature at Springfield by the Chicago City Council to empower it to license tax and regulate drug stores. A nominating committee consisting of Messrs Gray, Becker and Sass was appointed to prepare a list of officers to be voted on at the meeting scheduled for Jan. 22. Cincinnati Branch, A. Ph. A. Following a paper read by Col. D. E. Murphy on "The Folly of not Filling the Demand," that brought forth a spirited discussion. Prof. C. P. T. Fennel delivered an address on the "Early History of Chemistry" before the members of the Cin- cinnati Branch at its regular November meeting. The speaker was greeted enthusiastically, the occasion being marked by a large attendance. Not the least interesting part of the enter- tainment was the collection of rare old manuscripts and books on exhibition, many of them bearing the signatures of masters of chemistry, and a large number of which were nearly three hundred years old. Much of the success of the Branch is due to the untiring efforts of the genial president, E. T. Thiesing, who has been untiring in his efforts to push the work of the organization forward. Detroit Branch, A. Ph. A. Ninety Detroit, Mich., druggists have signed as charter mem- bers of a local branch of the American Pharmaceutical Asso- ciation. The following officers were elected at the initial meet- ing in December: President, William A, 11, ill; virr prcsirlent, .\. A. Wiieeler; secretary, Wilbur L. S, om llr ; 1 1 r.isuivr, Cliiirlcs F. Mann, and member of Ihe comi. il, I.iiumkI ,\. Scll/i r. Philadelphia Branch, A. PH. A. A communication from the Pearson Publishing Co, in an- swer to the resolutions iiasscd at the November meeting con- cerning the "Pills and Piracy" article in Pearson's Magazine (Dec. 1914 Era, page S75) was read at the December gathering of the Philadelphia Branch. The text of the letter was as follows : "We acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 16th inst. We can express no regret at the publication of the article to which you refer. The chief complaint of pharmacists seems to be that the author of the article knows nothing about pharmacy. That's just the point. The average man knows nothing about pharmacy but no pharmacist has denied that it is a practice' to charge more for the simplest medicines when a doctor's prescription is presented than is charged when a man merely; asks for the medicine. No pharmacist has given us a good reason for this. "However, we want to be right about this as we want to be right about everything else. We have offered space to various pharmacists for an article on the other side of the matter. We offer such space to you. Very truly yours, (Signed) The Pearson Publishing Company." A committee of three consisting of Prof. C. H. La Wall, Franklin M. Apple and Charles Leedom was appointed to draw up an answer to the letter. The regular program of the evening included addresses and papers by the following individuals: Harry B. French, "The Influence of the European War on the Supply and Cost of Drugs and Chemicals" ; Dr. Geo. H. Meeker, "Vitamines in their Relation to the Complete Diet" ; Prof. Freeman P. Stroup, "Review of Current Pharmaceutical Literature." The meeting was held in the Temple College of Pharmacy. In the absence of President E. FuUerton Cook, Vice-president J. W. Stunner presided. N. Y. CO. PH. S. TAKES UP STATE ALCOHOL TAX Members Will Work for Abolition of Unjust Expense — Costs Druggists $17.50 to Sell at Cost At a recent meeting of the New York County Pharmaceutical Society, held at Aschenbroedel hall, 144 East 86th street, Messrs. Goldlust, Rothenberg and Klein brought up the ques- tion of the State alcohol tax, which creates for the druggist a total annual expense of $17.50 for selling alcohol at cost. This is aside from the sum of $25 which he already pays to the Federal government. A motion was adopted to the effect that the members approach their State legislators and urge upon them the abolition of the State tax. Vice president J. Leon Lascoff, now president of the State board, presented a very interesting and detailed account of the latest legal bearing upon pharmacists of the Boylan law and other rulings and regulations. Bernard Colle discussed the N. A. R. D. and its work, pointing out the necessity for a na- tional business association for pharmacists. President Thomas Latham urged the members to join the N. A. R. D. Upon Mr. Goldlust's motion it was unanimously decided that the former practice of inviting prominent physicians and scientific men to address the society upon topics of interest be resumed. In this direction the members e.xpect a most in- teresting winter. Drug Clerks Hustling for Election The Cincinnati Central Drug Clerks' .\.ssociation. which was organized a short time ago to take c:ire of the large number of drug clerks in the city, has nomin;it< : ■ ! t> of officers to be submitted to the membership at i > tion. the first held by the organization, and con- . rest has been aroused. The two tickets are the k. .:s .,r,a the "Blues," respectixely, nnd are composed as follows: Red Ticket: Presi- dent, F. .\, r.iiiL;; fust vice president, .A. P. Krause; second vice president. R. Wetterstroem ; secretary, C. J. Hamman; cor- responding secretary, W. Schultz; treasurer. C, Meinberg. Blue Ticket: President E. iSIonning; first vice president, W. Meissner; second vice president, W. Kulle; secretary, E. K. Kraft; corresponding secretary, A. Nassar; treasurer, A. Heff- ner. The .As^^oeiation will have on January 15 a grand opening and rei . I li • ' ii- headquarters, which will be in the nature of a 1 . ^ for its friends, as well as a sort of New Year reL l.i,,n-.n Violation Penalties in New York Secretary Warren L, Bradt announces as follows the number of penalties received during the month of November 1Q14, and the nature of the violation: Deficient and adulterated prescrip- tions. 1 ; Deficient and adulterated pharniacopoeial products, 13: Sale of proscribed drugs, 1: Junior violation, 1; Label vio- lation, 1 : Total. 17. Januaby, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 35 rLLIN-OIS PH. A. TO MEET IN CENTRALIA Executive Committee Makes Decision at Semi-Annual Meeting: — $750 Appropriated to Committees The next meeting of the Illinois Ph. A. will be held at Cen- tralia June 15, 16 and 17, 1915. This was decided upon at the recent semi-annual meeting of the executive committee, held at the ofrice of Secret.iry W. B. Day, in Chicago. There were present at the meeting President W. F. Baum, Secretary Day, First \'ice President Julius Riemenschneider, and E.xecu- tive Committeemen H. J. Holthoefer, I. M. Light, James P. Crowley, S. J. Jeruzal, H. N. Bruun, George J. Guertcn, H. F. Schaper, W. D. Duncan, H. C. Porter, C. H. Brunstrom, T. B. Shaffer, T. S. .Arnold, A. T. Davis, W. S. Denton, Ralph E. Dorland, P. L. Gain, W. C. Irwin, J. C. Wheatcroft and G. W. Bower, also J. H. Wells, of the legislative committee, and F. M. Mares, chairman of the school of pharmacy committee. John J. Boehni, e.\-president of the I. Ph. and recently elected to the State senate was present, as were also Secretary R. A. Whidden, Chairman Ralph K. Smith and A. W. Hobart, of the Travelers' auxiliary organization. The treasurer's report showed expenses since the annual meeting. $537 ; receipts, $400, and balances on hand, in general fund, $1,122, and in permanent fund, $600. Appropriations for standing committees were voted as follows: Legislative, $600; propaganda, $100; trade interest, $25, and School of Pharmacy, $25. It was voted to charge a registration fee of one dollar per person at the annual convention. A committee consisting of W. C. Irwin, R. E. Dorland, I. M. Light and Henry Schaper, the last named president of the Chicago Drug Club, was appointed to co-operate with the travelers in making arrangements for the Centralia meeting. Secretary Day was instructed to write the Postmaster Gen- eral relative to a ruling on the mailing of poisons, especially when these are physicians' prescriptions. Nominations for the voting cards were made as follows : Board of Pharmacy, W. W. Klore, O. U. Sisson, D. P. Seibert, C. M. Friesenecker, John Chwatal, L. P. Larsen, George Moyen, Henrv Eckert, C. A. Storer, Frank .\hlborn, C. F. Schultz, J. T. Murray, R. H. Slade, Aug. Sundine, G. G. Johnson, John Harsch, Charles Prison, F. E. Blake. H. P. Hilligoss, Byron .Armstrong, R. E. Dorland, P. L. Gain, Fred Pfaff. T. D. Gregg and H. C. Schuh. Advisory Board, O. P. Stephan, C. F. Moritz, J. T. Lueder, F. M. Mares, Charles Foucek, A. E. Letzler, George J. Guer- ten, John Lambrecht, Otto Mentz, C. H. Burkett, L. C. Staudt, W. B. Hattenbauer, Charles Gustafson, F. G. D. Walker, W. S. Clintock, W. V. Dufner, S. D. Van Deventer, H. B. Rowe, S. M. Riggs, J. W. Doyle, E. A. Sells, P. H. Paul, F. J. Nirider, Royal Davenport and F. H. Kroh. N. J. Ph. A. Travelling Men John C. Gallagher, president of the N. J. Ph. A. was the guest of honor at the recent annual dinner of the N. J. Ph. A. Travelling Men's Auxiliary held at L'Achtel Stetters', Newark, and added to his laurels as an after dinner speaker. His speech was roundly applauded. The dinner was served in the main banquet hall, which had been pleasingly decorated for the occasion with pink carnations, ferns, etc. George W. Buckens was toastmaster. Besides President Gallagher, speech- es were made by various members of the auxiliary, about thirty travelers being in attendance. At the close of the exercises, a rising vote of thanks was given to the "Dinner Committee," W. D. Fox, L. T. McLelland, A. J. Stephens and C. Mathies- sen, who arranged the programme. The officers of the Auxiliary are: President, A. M. Piatt; vice-presidents, G. W. Buckens and C. Mathiessen; secretary, W. J. Caughey; treasurer, C. W. Haviland; executive commit- tee, T. Drake, G. F. Whiting, and W. H. Whitcomb. Chicago Drug Club's Annual Stag The eleventh anniversary of the Chicago Drug Club was celebrated recently, fully three hundred and fifty members tak- ing part in the gathering which was held in the Crystal Room of the Hotel Sherman. After a short business meeting, ad- dresses were made by Thomas Potts, secretary of the N. A, R. D., and C. Brunstrom, of Moline, who was one of the guests of honor. "Pete Roth," the chairman of the entertainment committee, scored a success as m.aster of ceremonies, the pro- gramme provided consisting of eight vaudeville acts, and the usual liquid refreshments, good eats and smokes. The large attendance emphasizes the spirit of good fellowship and fra- ternalism existing in the organization and which is now flour- ishing and rapidly growing in membership. AMONG THE ASSOCIATIONS The Western Pennsylvania Retail Druggists' Association, Inc., has, through its secretary, B. E. Pritchard, recently re- quested the police authorities to prosecute the "black sheep" among the druggists who are selling "booze" preparations under innocent-sounding names. This business was practically eliminated by the association a year or so ago, but now has again cropped up. Meb-ose, Mass., doctors and druggists recently played base- ball at Pines Bank park and donated the gate receipts to the Melrose hospital. This is the second time the local professional men have played ball for the hospital this season. The first game was won by the druggists and $100 was turned over to charity. Ohio Valley Druggists' Association members, to the number of 30, recently banquetted at the Windsor hotel. Wheeling, W. Va. W. W. Irwin, of that city, presided and everyone present was called upon for remarks. No set program had been ar- ranged. Wm. H. Wood, president of the Maine Ph. A., has appointed the following chairmen of committees and delegates : Drug market, B. R. Lane; pharmacy, E. L. Cowan; legislation, G. O. Tuttle, Portland; papers, E. F. Carswell; delegates to N. W. D. A., Charles Cook, F. M. Allen and B. R. Lane; Proprietary .Association of America, E. C. True, A. G. Schlotterbeck and E. A. Hay; New Hampshire Ph. A., W. D. Grace, J. W. Mahoney and F. E. Robbins; Vermont Ph. A., J. H. Dow, H. W. Ormsby and N. A. Read; Massachusetts Ph. A., F. R. Partridge, F. H. Neal and J. F. Young, and New Brunswick Ph. A., W. E. Tibbetts, G. H. Gardiner and S. L. White. The Rexall Club of Florida at its recent convention elected C. C. Bettes, of Jacksonville, president, and re-elected J. J. Gerig, of Ocala, secretary and treasurer. The club has a membership of 76. It will meet next year at Jacksonville. The Kentucky Ph. A. will meet at Dawson in June, 1915. The Illinois State Ph. A. will meet in Centralia, June 15, 16 and 17th, 1915. This will be the first meeting the association has ever held south of Springfield, despite the fact that south- ern Illinois has a greater membership than has the northern part of the State. Southern Illinois members are expected to display unusual interest in the 1915 meeting. Tama county (la.) druggists recently organized and elected the following officers: President, W. C. Snyder; vice president, B. E. Barkdoll, Dysart;_ secretary, Harry W. Foster, Glad- brook. The organization aims to further pleasant relations among its membership and to better aid the State association in its efforts to stamp out the sale of habit-forming drugs, and, if possible, to enforce laws which will put the practicing physi- cians under the same restraint, in this particular, as the drug- gists are voluntarily imposing upon themselves. The Mississippi State Ph. A., through President J. C. Mc- Gee, has issued a circular letter to its membership, warning them to be on tBeir guard as to the articles mentioned in sche- dule A of the new war tax. The Chicago Drug Clerks' Association was addressed re- cently at the Hotel Sherman by P. A. Mandabach, secretary of the National Association of Drug Clerks. Portland (Ore.) R. A. D. members may endorse absolute prohibition of the sale of liquor in drug stores. This matter has been considered for some time. President R. M. Plummer is strongly in favor of such a measure and it is said that three- quarters of the members of the legislative committee have al- ready expressed themselves as in favor of drug store prohibition. This drastic move is favored by the druggists as a means of protection to the legitimate dealers who do not want their business to go under a cloud of suspicion because of "boot- legging" drug stores that would probably spring up when the State goes dry. The Kings County (N. Y.) Pharmaceutical Society at its December meeting discussed the provisions of the recently en- acted war tax. Dr. William C. Anderson presenting and ex- plaining some of the decisions anent the tax which affected the drug trade. The St. Louis (Mo.) R. D. A. has invited Dr. M. C. Wood- ruff, chief diagnostician of the health division, to address its membership at a meeting to be held at the Liederkranz club on January 12. No particular subject is assigned. 36 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [January, 1915 DEVIATIONS FROM STANDARDS PERMISSIBLE New York City Ordinance 182 Not in Conflict with State Statute, Says Attorney-General Parsons According to the opinion recently handed down by Attorney- General James A. Parsons in reply to an inquiry of the New York State Board of Pharmacy as to whether the statutes per- mit an omission of a prohibited drug from a standardized pre- paration as suggested by the New York City Board of Health in reference to the application of paragraph 182 of the Sani- tary Code, druggists may omit habit-forming drugs from such preparations, provided the omission is made known on the label and the preparations are sold for what they really are. The following abstract sets forth the main points in the At- torney-General's reply to the inquiry submitted by the State Board of Pharmacy ; The provisions of Chapter 363 of the Laws of 1914, the Boylan Anti-habit Forming Drug Law, an amendment to the Public Health Law, prohibit the sale without a prescription of domestic and proprietary remedies which contain more than two grains of opium, or one-fourth grain of morphine, or one- fourth grain of heroin, or one grain of codeine, or ten grains of chloral, or their salts, in one fluid ounce, or if a solid pre- paration in one avoirdupois ounce. Many of the common do- mestic preparations standardized by the United States Phar- macopoeia and the National Formulary contain the above drugs in excess of the amount permitted to be sold without a prescription. The Department of Health of the City of New York is of the opinion that if the prohibited drug is omitted entirely from any medicinal preparation, and the fact of that omission is made known by the label, a sale of the preparation would comply with the above statute, and would not violate Section 237 of the Public Health Law, which among other things, forbids the adulteration of drugs standardized by the Pharmacopoeia and Formulary. For instance, the ruling of the City Board of Health is to this effect, that "In dispensing, without a prescription. Stokes' Expectorant (found in the Na- tional Formulary) druggists will be expected to dispense it without tlie paregoric (opium), which is an official ingredient thereof. In such dispensing of Stokes' Expectorant without a physician's prescription, we should expect them to put on the label 'Stokes' Expectorant without paregoric' " I am asked by the New York State Board of Pharmacy whether the position taken by the Health officials of the City of New York is legally correct, that is, whether the statutes permit an omission of the prohibited drug from a standardized pre- paration, even though attention is called to such omission. Section 245 of the Public Health Law, which is the section of the Boylan Law dealing with the sale of domestic and pro- prietary remedies, provides as follows : §245. Sale prohibited; exception. No pharmacist, druggist or other person shall sell, have or offer for sale or give away any chloral, opium or any of its salts, alkaloids or derivatives or any compound or preparation of any of them except upon the written prescription of a duly licensed physician, veterinarian or dentist provided that the provisions of this article shall not apply to the sale of domestic and proprietary remedies, acttfally sold in good faith as medicines and not for the purpose of evading the provi- sions of this article and provided further that such remedies and preparations do not contain more than two grains of opium, or one-fourth grain of morphine, or one grain of codeine, or ten grains of chloral or their salts in one fluid ounce or if a solid pr. ii.ii .ition. in one avoirdupois ounce, nor to plasters, liniments (.nmiKiM- for external use only. It is quite apparent from even a glance at the al>o\-r si.itnl'- that the sale of a medicine which contains no opium at ill, "r other prohibited druc;, cannot by any possible construrlimi \ io- late till- .section. M"r :tyi\ tlierefore, left to determine wli. lli. r till' I'M 1' i'miImii ill. .inii>,si<)n of the opium has been adul- tci ii.^l I'iiliiii 111! PMMiiiii- of section 237 of the Public Health l.:r,v l,i. li P I. Is in p ,; Ills If w. tion pi\ necessity for or effect of particular drugs in any preparation, to erect a standard of medicines in the Pharmacopoeia and Formulary from which not the slightest departure could be made, regardless of any good faith or open disclosures to the public, for the statute does not contain any accompanying pro- viso such as it appears in the Federal Food and Drugs Act (Act of 1906, §7), namely "that no drug defined in the United States Pharmacopoeia or National Formular>' shall be deemed to be adulterated under this provision if the standard of strength, quality or purity be plainly stated upon the bottle, box or other container thereof, although the standard may differ from that determined by the test laid down in the United States Pharmacopoeia or National Formulary." However, following on with the subdivisions of section 237 of the State Health Law, we find, I think, authority- in para- graph 5 to sell those preparations recognized by the Pharmaco- poeia and Formulary, and without the prohibited drugs, by the method suggested of labelling the preparation with the name found in the Pharmacopoeia or Formular>' and indicating thereafter what has been omitted or withdrawn. Subdivision 5 declares that a drug is adulterated if "its strength, quality or purity differs from the profe.ssed standard of strength, quality or purity under which it is sold." The law in my opinion, by subdivisions 1 and 2 of §237 requires compliance with the Pharmacopoeia or Formulary standard when the drug is sold by the mere name alone. By subdivision 5, the drug may still be sold by the Pharmacopoeia or Formulary name and under a different standard provided that standards be disclosed or professed. The latter method is what is proposed to be followed in the case before us. Stokes' Expectorant is sold as Stokes' Expectorant, complying in every respect with the Pharmacopoeia or Formulary stan- dard except in one, and in that respect a different standard is professed, or, to state it differently, the standard professed is that set out in the Pharmacopoeia or Formulary with one ex- ception which is also professed. We must construe the statute broadly so as to allow medicinal preparations to be sold for what they really are, and so as not to interfere with lawful business other than at the precise points where interdiction is laid. The plan proposed does not in my judgment, involve any violation of the Boylan Law, or of that section of the Public Health Law which forbids the adulteration of drugs. "Your Inventory is What You Make It" "One of the greatest evils that the average druggist must learn to side step is that of making profits to buy merchandise instead of selling merchandi.se to make profits. If more retail druggists could but see the wisdom of buying in quantities that are reasonably certain not to stay in the store more than 3 months, they would be infinitely better off. Ever,' slow seller in the store reduces the margin of profits on the fast selling mer- chandise." The above statemei is i, by a representative of Eli Lilly & Co. who com ; sties show that 90 per cent of the retailers over-N loes not sound so alarming as does the statement tiiit .^n \". r cent of all the retail failures are due to diis same cause. If every druggist would mark the date of purchase on each item he adds to his stock for the ne.xt 12 inonth.s. llieii adjust his purcha.ses to the time it took to liiimit his III. 1,1;, ill. lis • into cash, the taking of his inventory v/MiiM l.p \rvy iiiiuh sinii'lifu'd. lluyinc; as needed for present I. .IiiIk 111. Ills is the well-known policy of our house with which r\ , i\ (li ii j-ist is familiar. In odier words, a druggist's in- \. iii.ii\ is what he chooses to make it'." -1 1 ■ 1' . 1 il . 1. 11,11'Jit lie a grave qucs- J...., rrM iriliiiii II I ]-.ssil.lc iniiniioii of the Legisla- ture, in the interest of the public health, and for the protection of that vast body of the people who do not understand the New York Druggist Convicted of Substitution Moses Weiss, an oftker of the ^\■eiss prescription Pharmacy, Inc., conducting a business at No. 1634 Coney Island avenue, Brooklyn, was convicted in the Court of Special Sessions of selling a prescription containing sodium carbonate instead of sodium salicylate and the further charge that the prescription :\ IS deficient in strength. The Court in imposing the sentence i f I three months' jail term, expressed the desire that the at- tention of pharmacists of Greater New York be directed to the infliction of this penalty and that it should serve as an example to violators of the pharmacy law. The prosecution was at the instance of the New York State Board of Pharmacy, the people being represented by Deputy Attorney General Jerome Steiner, 309 Broadway, this city. Jaxlary, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICxiL ERA 37 FROM THE BUSINESS FIELD. St. Louis, Mo., druggists have been considerably agi- tated by local editorial assertions that they are making a disprot>ortionate profit on serums. The ."^t. I.ouis R. D. A.. through its officers. President \Vm. .\. Hoolsi ht r, S.M ciary, Charles \V. Stockhousen and Field Serrot:u \ i:. A. mn \\ :iUl, and H. \V. Friedewald, the last namxl in l-.i- indixi.lual capacity, replied in the St. Louis pai^r^ in drfinitf fashion, getting right down to "brass t:uk< ' 11, % >li,n\( (l that the actual profit which the retail .iiu:.;L;i>i n\idr cm serums was very small, and pointed out tliat the price at which they purchased their supply from the manufacturers was not the only expense in handling this kind of business. To keep the serums as they should be kept costs a fairly constant sum of money a month. These correspondents suggested tliat the St. Louis paper which published the editorial might easily get the facts from any first-class druggist. The Jacobs' Pharmacy Co., Atlanta, Ga., brought suit a short time ago for injunction against D. I. Brosseau and Mrs. Brosseau to restrain them from disi.osinc of Siri.ono worth of the company's stock that is in their | until the ownership of the stock is determined, ni,,— m ,. engaged as financial manager, his salary to be S().ihiii ;i vi ar, accord- ing to the petition. He also was given the stock in cons dera- tion of his services. He is saici not to have obtained the results e.xpected of him ani he left the city. ;Mrs. Brosseau remains and retains the stock. She refuses to give it up. A temporary' injunction was granted and a receiver for the stock appointed. .-V hearing was scheduled for a date in December. Perry Thunnan, druggist of Kansas City, Mo., is being sued by Mrs. Irene R. Wysong, for $10,000 damages on account of the death of her husband on September 2. She alleges that her husband went to the drug store on the day he died and called for morphine, but says that the clerk gave him strychnine out of an unlabeled bottle. Wysong died a few hours later of strychnine poisoning. The druggist con- tends that the deceased at one time worked in his store and was well acquainted with the contents of the shelves. He says that Wysong came to the store, found the clerk busy and helped himself, probably taking down the strychnine bottle, instead of the one containing morphine. A. G. Fraser, propr'etor of a drug store in Zion City, Chicago, the owner of the building he occupies, and another occupant thereof, were recently notified by Overseer Voliva that he would enforce the condition contained in the Zion leases forbidding the sale of drugs or the residence of a physician on Zion lands. When a physician and the druggist moved into the building last fall, the Overseer declared that the Lord would starve them to death, but inasmuch as small pox is now rampant in the "city", the professional men have enjoyed an increasing business. Voliva has now ventured to assist the Lord by endeavoring to oust the undesired tenants. Hartford, C5t., druggists closed on Thanksgiving after- noon from one to six o'clock, this co-eprative movement being manipulated by the local Chamber of Commerce. This body's secretary endeavored to persuade the manager of the local Riker-Hegeman Co. store to close with the 20 or 25 other stores in town, but the latter explained that he cnuld not act on his own initiative. He was also dubious as to the success of the secretary's efforts applied directly to the company's headquarters in this city. The s tuation was explained to the New York people, however, and they agreed to close their Hartford store along with the other druggists. Trenton, . N. J., physicians are advocating an amendment to the pharmacy law which would require at least one drug- gist in a municipality to either keep open all night or have a man on the premises who can get up quickly on call and not only compound prescriptions, but deliver them. The physicians aver that they have experienced difficulty in getting emergency medicines late at night. The druggists, it is reported, are loath to add this expense to their business. In some cases it would mean an additional clerk for the night trade alone and, as a general rule, the emergency calls ■do not average one a month. The United Drug Stores Co., Chattanooga, owned by C. H. Herbert and others, recently filed a bill in chancery court a^;i nst tlie National Manufacturing Co., and Dr. O. B. Wunsi how , asking for a writ of replevin to enforce the re- turn of toilet articles, perfumery, extracts, a list of agents and a set of hooks, which, it is alleged, had been removed from the factory of the complainant company at the hour of midnight. The action grows out of the bankruptcy of the Charles Reif Co., and Uie purchase of its assets ultimately by the Herbert concern. Walter S. Bellis, manager of the Laurel Pharmacy, Laurel, yUl.. was arrested recently on a warrant sworn out by counsel for the owners of the pharmacy, charging him with embezzle- ment of $1,500, although the shortage is said to be $2,600. He was committed to jail awaiting action of the grand jury, he being unable to secure $3,000 which was the sum of the bond fixed by the court. It is said that Bellis was a frequent visitor at the races in October. He has been employed in Laurel for four months, formerly having done business at Frederick, Cum- berland and in Baltimore. Riker-Heg-eman Co's store at 1210 Market street, Phil- adelphia, was recently entered by burglars who abstracted the sum of $1,600 from the safe and got away, leaving no clew for the police to work on. The job was consummated in very clever fashion, the thieves having concealed them- selves on the floor above the store during the day and there waited until the place was closed late Sunday night. They then cut an opening through the floor just over the cashier's balcony. With powerful jimmies they pried off the doors. The robbery was not discovered until the next morning. The Dickenson Drug- Co., New Brita n, Ct., was award- ed a verdict to recover the sum of $40.01 from George Cole, defendant, of Berlin. The action was to recover a drug bill of $38.75, the entire bill, with the exception of an item of 25 cents, being for diphtheria antitoxin. The medicines, the report goes, were bought by a physician and charged to Cole. The claim was that the medicines were bought by the doctor as agent for Cole, the former being in attendance upon the latter's family. Cole denied that any agency existed. Albright & Wood's beautiful new store at St. Francis and Royal streets, IMobile, Ala., was the Mecca for possibly 10,000 people on the occasion of its recent opening. It is the third of a "chain" of drug stores E. Roy Albright and I. V. Wood have established in Mobile, The flowers, ferns and potted plants placed about the drug store on its initial day of business gave a pleasing tone to the mahogany partitions, expensive soda fountain, attractive cigar cases and sundry show-cases. Charles Wetzel, proprietor of the Court House pharmacy, one of the bestknown drug stores in Quincy, 111., and Dr. E. H. Toole, were recently arrested on warrants sworn out by John J. Conroy, of Chicago, inspector for the State Board of Pharmacy, charging the illegal sale, and conspiracy to sell illegally, cocaine. Both men were released on bond and a preliminary hearing arranged for. The increasng number of drug habitues in Quincy has greatly agitated the peBple of that city for the past three months. The Grimes-Drug Co., of Hickory, N. C, has been purchased by E. B. Menzies, Z. B. Buchanan and J. Tellus Miller, and will hereafter be styled the ]\Ienzies Drug Co. E. B. Menzies will act as general-manager. R. A. Grimes, who Jias been nssnriated with this .store since its purchase from Walter Martin, which occurred about eight years ago, will retire fruni the 1 nwini ss. Mr. Menzies, the new manager, has been with the old store for a number of years and has been in the drug business in Hickory for 20 years. H. Adrian L. Ferguson, the Owosso, Mich., druggist, who was rerenlly sent to the Detroit house of correction for four iiMinths fur \!r,litin'.; the local option law, has had an invdlmitary |"liliiin in hmkruptcy filed against him by three of his creditors. They allege, it is reported, that he assigned his stock to his sister on Nov. 10, and that ^in, . tli il date the store has been closed. One of the pet it i' H' i - np- pointrfl temporary receiver of the stock and \'.as authorized to oii'M ill' -I'ii,- and continue the business. The Averbeck Drug Co., Youngstown, O., is open again, folluw ng tlie fire which did a damage not exceeding $10,000. The prescription files were saved, and the whole- 38 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [Januaky, 1915 sale department, patent medicine, physician supplies and all retail drug departments are all in shape to take care of all demands. The company extended a "thousand thanks" to the fire department for its expedition and efficiency on the occasion of the fire. Wurster Bros., druggists of Portsmouth, O., were among the merchants who participated in the use of a full page of advertising during the holiday season. Each used a small space, but few had more pointed stuff in it than the drug firm, whose n.essage to the public went like this: "We may not be your nearest druggist, but we will come the nearest to pleasing you." How is that for good advertising boiled into a single sentence? The RadcliflEe Drug Co., of Hamilton, O., made a hit during the shopping season before Christmas with a special lot of candy, attractively packed in a special package made to the order of the company. The candy was real old- fashioned home-made taffy, while the package, a small tin bucket, was very attractive. The candy went lik^ the proverbial hot cakes, and Mr. Radcliffe was very well pleased with the success of his idea. W. L. Hausman, Chicago druggist, was recently fined the sum of $50 and costs on the charge of selling morphine with- out a proper prescription. He pleaded that a clerk made the sale contrary to his orders. The judge decided that owners of drug stores are liable for the illegal sale of drugs by em- ployes, even if the sale is contrary to the owners' orders. Mr. Hausman, it is reported, will take the case to the Supreme court. Edward D. Hayes, Henry F. Coon and Dr. A. E. Robin- son, of the Interstate Remedy Co., the concern which suc- ceeded the Dr. Knapp Medical Co. and the Dr. Raynor Medi- cal Co. (two names for one concern put out of business by the government in 1904), were fined $5,000, $3,000 and $2,000, respectively, by Federal Judge Tuttle, recently. They also agreed to surrender a mailing list of 500,000 names, which will be destroyed. L. F. Howes, 3201 Franklin boulevard, Chicago, recently reported to the police that he was an unwitting Santa Claus to burglars who broke a plate glass window in his store and carried away a Christm.as tree trimmed with 42 crisp new $1 bills. The tree was found about a block from the store, but the decorations had vanished. The burglars overlooked $57 in bills used as "sodding" beneath the tree. W. D. King has retired from the firm of King Brothers, druggists, the oldest concern in the drug trade in Stillwater, Minn. Mr. King is engaged in the manufacture of various preparations under the name of the California Chem'cal Co., at Minneapolis, and desires to devote his entire time to that work. He has sold out to his brother, Ira E. King, who has been identified with the firm of King Bros, for many years. Babcock's drug store is the new style of the Silver Creek, N. Y., drug establishment formerly known as the Silver Creek Drug Company. The change, which was consummated on December 19th, will no doubt do away with the many mistakes and annoyances which previously arose from the fact that there are in the above-named city no less than 12 firms whose titles begin with "Silver Creek." Bourne's pharmacy, Atlantic City, N. J., was prac- tically eliminated from a recent window display contest held in that city, when two automobiles mistook his window for part of the highway and made a dash through it. Until then Bourne's had been conceded as a possible winner of the prize. The two cars smashed the window and scattered the drugs on display to the four winds. The Spade drug store, Alexandria, Ind., was the scene of a little "local" excitement recently, when a hornet's nest which had been presented to the management by a farmer, suddenly came to life. Three people who were waiting for a car were stung, and a drug clerk kicked over a show case in his endeavor to separate himself from a hornet. Chloroform was poured nto the nest, but a few of the insects scouted about the store for some time. Wooten & Baird have bought out the interest of H. T. Burnett in the McDonnoId Drug & Book Co., Lebanon, Tenn., Mr. Burnett retiring because of ill health. His partner, J. Wiseman Head, will be associated with the new firm. Wooten & Baird will move their stock into the house now occupied by McDonnold Drug & Book Co. about the first of the new year. Albert Fritz, druggist at Brookside avenue and Tenth street, Indianapolis, succeeded in having a recent case against him continued indefinitely. He permitted a slot machine to be placed in his store because the distributors informed him that its operation was not a violation of the law. The judge advised the druggist not to "take chances with statements made by other persons." J. D. Summers, druggist, Water avenue and Mechanic street, Selma, Ala., was recently sentenced to serve thirty days at hard labor on the Dallas county roads and was fined $100 and costs for violating the State Prohibition law. The judge asserted that he intended to break up "blind tigers" in Selma and Dallas counties, and expressed the opinion that "hard labor sentences are the best remedy." The Truax-Greene Co., Chicago, has had an involuntary petition in bankruptcy filed against it. The company is one of the oldest business houses in the city and one of the largest manufacturers of surgical instruments, drugs and physicians' supplies in its section of the country. It is reported that the liabilities are in excess of $150,000, and the assets are approximately $30,000. The Huber drug store, South Main street, Fond du Lac. Wise, was recently visited by the "fountain pen" thieves, who took seven dozen fountain pens, valued at approximately $350, seven cameras, valued at about $100, and ten dollars in cash, their haul totaling in the neighborhood of $500. The robbers took no pens valued under $2.50, although there were two large cases containing several dozen cheap pens. The Sykes Pharmacy Co., Savannah Ga., recently re- organized, will retain the old firm name, and it is said that W. J. Sykes will be elected president at the first meeting of the stockholders. Edison W. Glidden, a druggist, has pur- chased an interest in the company and will actively assist in the management. He will have general supervision over the prescription department. Sam Bouse, the Houston, Texas, druggist, has found that "No-Tsu-Ohs" and carnivals may be great things for a city, but are not good for the business of retail citizens of that city. A recent affair of this nature evidently cut into his week's business. This is the obvious conclusion of a recent statement of his which appeared in the local press of Houston. Gustav Falk, druggist at Poplar street and Western avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio, charged with javing set fire to ) s establishment, pleaded not guilty to arson and was held to the grand jury under $1,000 bond, waiving preliminary ex- amination. The police said that Falk confessed to them that he burned his store to collect insurance. E. F. Neail, owner of the Sun Drug store. First avenue and Monroe street, Phoenix, Ariz., spent some of his valuable t me recently explaining to the inquisitive of his city that his establishment was not connected n any way with a large "chain" of drug stores doing business in the \\'est. He could not understand how such a rumor got started. Charles and Henrietta Kossat, the former a druggist, of Milwaukee, were sued for $15,000 damages by Albert R. Pregler, who charged that his wife died from the results of laudanum sold to her at various times. The jury awarded the plaintiff $2,500 damages and released Henrietta Kossat from . any liability. The Wisconsin Pharmacal Co., Milwaukee, recently elected the following officers: President Christian Widule; vice- president, Solomon Eckstein; secretary and manager, E. G. Raeuber ; treasurer, L. H. Kressin ; directors, Otto Hackendahl, W. W. Alvers, Max Goetz, Charles Gieseler and Charles Pfeifer. The annual div dend of six per cent, was declared. Riker-Hegeman Co. have opened a new store at Wilming- ton, Del. Official count sliowed that 9,554 attended the open- ing. This company also opened a store at Fitchburg, Mass., its 101st establishment, E. H. Howard is manager of this latest "link" in the "chain." Free souvenirs were a feature on the occasion of the opening. L. A. Congdon, chief of the food and drug department of the Kansas State Board of Health, has presented a report upoii the sanitary condition of a large nimiber of drug and grocery stores visited by representatives of his department. January, 1915] THE PHARIMACEUTICAL ERA 39 In all, 97 drug stores were inspected, and none of these were classified as being in "poor" sanitary condition. S. Y. Cornell, senior member of the Cornell Drug Co., Greenfield, la., recently retired, and that concern is now owned and managed by P. C. Cornell and A. R. Howe. Mr. Cornell will in the future devote considerable of his time to his land interests in the vicinity of Greenfield, as well as to his large ranch near Spencer, Wyoming. Thomas A. Edison, West Orange, N. J., who in 1879 made what he believed to be a remedy for neuralgia, recently obtained a decree restraining the Continental Chemical Co. from selling its "neuralgia cure," called "Edison Polyform." Mr. Edison told the judge that he no longer believed the remedy useful or likely to accomplish the purposes intended. The Owl Drug Co. has opened a store at 225 Grand avenue, Milwaukee, which is called "The Owl's Nest," because ■of its unique arrangement. One of the features of the store is the luncheon room, where the after-theater diner may obtain anything in the way of soups, eggs, cold meats, salads, sand- wiches, desserts, beverages and ices. Chief of Police Gleason, of Ch cago, has instructed the •police of that city to arrest anybody found distributing sample packages of medicine. "Most of these drugs contain poison and the packages oftentimes fall into the liands of -children," was his explanation for the order. Berry, DeMoville & Co., wholesale druggists of Nash- ville, Tenn., have purchased the stock of Roberts Bros. Drug Co., Par s druggists, who were recently adjudged in bank- ruptcy. The price of purchase was $4,950. The liabilities of the bankrupt concern were .^9,035, and the assets about $2,000. P. & S. Aseptic Mfg. Corporation, manufacturers of aseptic preparations, 68 William street, New York City, has made an assignment. A petition in bankruptcy also was filed against it by a creditor for $3,000, money loaned. Liabilities are said to be 512,000, and assets, $6,000. A. L. Strong, Suffield, Ct., who for the past 43 years has ■conducted a drug store on Main street, has sold out to William E. Caldwell and will retire from business. Mr. Strong did business in one store for 38 years, a record in his city. Charles E. Confer, of Lena, 111., has quit farming, hav- ing sold his farm to his brother, W. S. Confer, of Orange- ville, and taken in exchange the latter's half interest Ji the Confer Bros. Medicine Co., Lena, S. D. Charles Confer will ■carry on the business hereafter. The Cassady drug store, Alliance, Ohio, has estab- lished a talking machine department, which was recently opened. It is composed of two sound proof booths, a recep- tion parlor and a stock room. The scheme of decoration is a feature. Mme. Helena Rubinstein, of London, dealer in perfumery and toilet preparations, has leased the dwelling at 15 East 49th street, this city, for a term of years. The building will be extensively altered and will be conducted as a branch of Mme. Rubinstein's London and Paris establishments. Beiss Brothers, Pueblo, Colo., have moved the'r drug store, from its long established location at Fourth and Main streets to 803 North Main street. This store was established 15 years ago at the old address and was regarded as a landmark in Pueblo. Mayor Bindinger, of Waukcgan, 111., is enforcing an old •ordinance in his city which provides that samples of medicine must not be distributed indiscriminately among Waukegan homes, but must be handed personally to some adult member of a family. Mrs. Hazel 'Worley, wife of a Chicago druggist, was slapped by Lee M. Doty, who disputed a bill for drug store merchandise totaling .$2.50. Mr. Doty paid $11.50 for the privilege he took, a municipal judge doing the appraising. The Owl Drug Co., Los Angeles, has issued an nterest- ing statement in which it asserts its belief that "conditions on the Pacific Coast are better than in any other section of the United States." J. E. Proctor has purchased the interest of his partner, I. E. O'Hail, in the Rexall drug store, Wooster, O. The firm of Proctor & O'Hail is said to have done a flourishing business, and for a time conducted two pharmacies in Wooster. Charles W. Mitchell, of the Charles W. Mitchell Drug Co., Boston, through his attorney, has filed a bill in equity seeking to restrain his wife from molesting him or interfer- ing with his business. The Roseville, 111., city council has increased the daily levy on itinerant drug fakirs from $3 to $7.50. The city fathers seem to be of the opin on that their home town is being "worked" in preference to others. Brewer & Co., Inc., wholesale druggists. Fall River, Mass., will vacate the premises on Second street during this month or February, and will occupy their new building on Pearce street. Their lease expires January 1. John H. Kingsley and William H. Kelly, two Maldea Mass., drug clerks, were found not guilty of making illegal sales of liquor. Both men are employed by Arthur H. Gavin. They were arrested in a "Clean Up Maiden" crusade. The Machenheimer drug store, Lockport, 111., has been taken over by Charles G. Seaborg, who has been connected with the diferent managements of the establishment for the past 25 years. The firm name will be The Seaborg Drug Co. The Yahr & Lange Drug Co., Milwaukee, is now oc- cupying its new home, a remodeled six-story building, at 207-15 East Water street. Two hundred people attended a recent housewarming. William J. Latham is scheduled to move his drug store stock from Columbia, Tenn., to Culleoka, where he will estab- lish in that town one of the best-equipped small-town phar- macies to be found in Tennessee. J. C. Keel and J. Frank Keel, doing business as the Allendale (S. C.) pharmacy, have filed a voluntary petition in bankruptcy, scheduling total liabil ties of $3,780, and total assets of $5,528. After 9 Years Mobile Druggist Gets Old Location James D. Sutton, of Mobile, Ala., is back in the Battle House again. In 1905, his drug store in that establishment was burned out in what is known to Mobilians as the great fire of February 13th. While the fire raged and it was obvious to Mr. Sutton that his store would be destroyed, he placed a card in a local paper announcing that he would open for busi- ness within 48 hours in the neighborhood. On the third day after the fire he carried out this promise. Now, nine years after the conflagration and with a ten-year lease "tucked away" in his safe, he is back where he began. All Mobile celebrated the homecoming, hundreds who would never have entered the old store only 35 feet away being present at the opening. Mr. Sutton was bom in Louisville, Ky., in 1867. His father was a druggist, having established himself in business in Louis- ville at the close of the Civil War. Mr. Sutton was practically raised in the drug store. He attended the Louisville College of Pharmacy and is registered in Alabama. He first entered business in Mobile on November 4, 1894, at the southeast comer of Dauphin and Jackson streets, with his brother, Wil- liam H. Sutton, the two succeeding Andrew Van Antwerp. The two brothers conducted the business at that location for two years, then moved into the old Battle House. Shortly thereafter, J. D. Sutton bought out his brother, who went to St. Louis and is now in Los Angeles. Mr. Sutton remained in the Battle House until burned out as recounted above. Frederick Stearns & Go's Branches On and after January 1st 1915, Frederick Stearns & Co. of Detroit will serve the drug trade from their 4 branches through- out the United States as follows: Atlantic Division, located in New York City, serving all statft; hnrdrrinK on the Atlantic Seaboard. mi ll i^ion, main office in Detroit and druggists in this scdi.iii ill villi their orders direct to Detroit for execution. Wi'si. iii Iiivi.sion, located in Kansas City, Mo. A new branch for serving their patrons in Western and Southwestern states. Pacific Division, located in San Francisco for the purpose of serving their customers on the westem coast. A full and complete stock of their preparations and special- ties will be carried at each of these branches, and dealers are requested to send their orders to the nearest branch so as to save time in delivery. All credits, claims and collections will be handled direct by each branch for its own territory. 40 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [January, 1915 Board Examinations Illinois Springfield, Dec. 15. — At the November meeting of the Illinois State Board of Pharmacy held in Chicago, the following applicants passed successful examinations:— Registered Pharmacists: Coral C. Coleman, Aurora; Thos. J. Ganey, Jr., East St. Louis; Wm. R. Ruff, Granite City; S. Paul Johnson, Chicago; J. C. Jordan, Chicago; Saml. Lebovitz, Chicago; VVm. A. Liesch, Chicago; Otto V. Levy, Chicago; Henry C. May- nard, Chicago; Asa T. Marshall, Chicago; Philip J. Raber, Free- port; Anton Nesnidal, Chicago; Bernice A. Ostrowski, Hammond, Ind.; Francis A. Penkan, Chicago; Henry Peters, Peoria; Oscar Rudelius, Rockford; Nathan Schwartz, Chicago; Isadore J. Shure, Chicago; Clarence j. Strubel, Chicago; Adrian Ton, Chicago; Sid- ney B. Trippett, Chicago; F. A. Thomure, Granite City; Clio Vavra, Chicago; Lillian Vorsanger, Chicago; Warren Wall, Chi- cago; John S. Wilson, Centralia; Harvey B. Saunders, Chicago; Harry L. Stryker, Pecatonica. Local Registered Pharmacist: Walter R. Fox, Chandlerville. . Assistant Pharmacists: E. J. Alexander, Chicago; Edw. A. Bar- wig, Chicago; Jacob Bernan, Chicago; Abraham J. Block, Chicago; Leonard E. Brohn, C'licago; Jos. C. Butts, Chicago; Aug. M. Claus, Moline; Isaac DeKoven, Chicago; L. W. Donaldson, Chicago; Wm. J. Friedl, Chicago; R. F. Fraser, Chicago; David K. Hirsh, Chi- cago; Anthony Kartanas, Chicago; Fredk. Keller, Oak Park; Ru- dolph Krebs, Chicago; W. L. Krauskup, Chicago; Jos. J. Ligman, Chicago; D. A. Lofgren, Chicago; Benj. Lewis, Chicago; Leo. G. Narr, Chicago; Wm. P. Miehlick, Chicago; R. P. Mullins, Robinson; Herman Nunheim, Chicago; Hans A. Nelson, Peoria; Frank C. Nie- mayer, Chicago; Nathan Osherenko, Chicago; Ray P. Pfaiffer, Woodstock; W. L. Sadkin, Maywood; Maurice Sarnatzky, Chicago; R. F. Seeger, Beardstown; Peter Sinush, Chicago; Louis L. Stitzer, Chicago; Louis M. Thiede, Chicago; Saml. Tobin. Chicago. The next meeting for the examination of applicants will be held in Springfield on Tuesday, January 19. The next apprentice exami- nations throughout the state will be held on Friday, January 8. The next meeting of the board in Chicago for the examination of applicants for registered pharmacist will be held on Tuesday, March 16, and an examination for assistant pharmacists will be held on Thursday, March 18. Kansas The third quarterly meeting of the Kansas Board of Pharmacy was held in Ft. Scott on Nov. 18 and 19, with thirty-one applicants in attendance for the examination. Of this number nineteen were successful and received certificates as follows: — E. G. Wickwire, Earned; J. F. Nuttmann, Paxico; Lusk Bakker, Lebo; W. H. Mathis, Waverly; Ntal F. Splane, Chanute; Walter W. Phillips, El Dorado; Holland B. Evans,' Wichita; Walter R. Davis, Fort Scott; Preston Parham, Bucklin; James C. Page, Ga- lena; Oceola Prather, Leavenworth; Curtis Smith, lola; Louie L. Ball, Melvern; Harry L. Sturman, Wichita; Thos. Shedden, Jr., Formosa; F. H. Engle, Morrill; Albert G. Paxson, Great Bend; W. M. Bell, Sabetha; John Synnott, Fort Scott. Pharmacists registered on diploma: F. Arthur Jones, Neodesha; Frank A. Hance, Palmer. Pharmacists lestored to the register: C. A. Nownes, Oak Hill; Earl L. Shaffer, Sedgwick; A. T. Holcomb, Garnett; A. W. Hart, Buffalo; Mary L. Smith, Kansas City; Jos H. Haska, Washington; F. M. Eagleson, Coffeyville. A duplicate certificate was issued to J. R. Thornbury, Princeton. The next quarterly meeting will be held in Manhattan on Feb- ruary 10 and 11. Those desiring to take the examinations should notify the secretary at least five days before the meeting. Pennsylvania At the examinations conducted by the Pennsylvania Pharmaceuti- cal Examining Board in Pittsburgh and Philadelphia on November 6 and 7, seventy-one persons applied for registration as pharmacists, of which fifty were successful, and 144 as qualified assistants, of which ninety were successful. During the meeting of the board which followed, five hearings were given Pittsburgh dealers under the drugs act, for selling adul- terated white wax. Two persons were prosecuted since the last meeting for conducting drug stores without being registered as pharmacists, six unregistered drug clerks for compounding physi- cian's prescriptions; five proprietors for permitting unregistL rci! clerks to compound prescriptions, and three colored men for the unlawful sale and possession of cocaine. Three Italians were indicted in Philadelphia for conspiracy in securing the registration of one of them as a pharmacist, by making false statements to the board under oath as to the applicant's experience in the drug business. All plead guilty in court. One pharmacist applicant who swore to false statements in his application was arrested on a charge of perjury, and held for appearance in court under $500 bail. Those who passed the examinations were as follows: — Pharmacist.: Karl S. Burkett, Emik- F, Kr.ipf. WiWum IT. fl'|'l<-. liriiiv D. Primas, Charles P. Toh,!-, C. Aitluu H.r.l, W'lli I Ki.^rh, all of Pittsburgh; S;iimi- I \1, Anknri,. W i ^\■. VmimM, W.lliam M. Boyd, George 11. i;,M,iJl„!t. l.i.ll,, 1 ] Guest, .1 man A. : man. Al L. E. f., vman Cohen, Abe Eliiikni.i T. Morris. .Sara Sch,, lell, all of Philadelphia! u-alon; John R. Wat lire, liraddock: R. A. 1111-^-; H. \V. F.llnw Ginty, Franklin; Glenn H. Long, S. Potter Brown, Jr., Greens- burg; William R. Rovensky, Jeannette; Frances E. Brown, Karns City; Wilm.er P. Davidson, Newville; Chester L. McLarren, Philips- burg; Harry N. Krick, Sinking Spring; V. Bruce Salsbury, Tyrone; Harry L. Miller, Washington; Harry E. Walker, Chambersburg; Er- nest L. Steever, Wiconisco; Isaiah W. Morse, Atlantic City, N. J.; Clark H. Flanagan, Binghamton, N. Y.; J. Raymond Glazier, Bel- pre, Ohio, and Henry B. Decker, Haddon Heights, X. J. Qualified Assistant Pharmacists: Vincent Calabrese, Martin C. Connelly, Philip EUovich, Julius Finkelpearl, James A. Hargreaves,. Alex. B. Cantos, J. Frederick Kastner, Paul M. Williams, Curtis C. Crowther, all of Pittsburgh; Horace R. Aarons, Rudolph W. Adler, Harry Bradburd, Jacob Broxmeyer, John C. Cravens, Jr.^ William J. Conlen, Moses Feinstein, Simon E. Finkelstein, Abe Folstein, Abraham Green, M. Richard Goodman, Albert J. Hall- man, Leopold E. Helfand, Jacob L. Medvedkin, Charles R. Mon- teith, Philip Mintzer, Frank .Mustaro, G. Wellington Ntiftcr, Fanny Nussbaum, Michael Pintzow, Leon Rovno, U. Gilbert Ruft'. Jr., Herman H. Shanbacher, Aaron Simkin, Henry L. Somcrs. Harry C. Thornton and Edward L. Weiss, all of Philadelphia; Alfred W. Shoemaker, AUentown; Earl D. Davis, Ashland; John S. Tress^ Beaver Falls; David D. Prosser, Bethlehem; Robert R. Keely, Boy- ertown; Myron P. Rishton, Bloomsburg; Walter R. JlcClarren, Conemaugh; Paul R. Carroll, Conshohocken ; Ernest K. Rapp, Doylestown; Hobart P. White, DuBois; Samuel B. Alloway, Erie; Howard B. Davis, East Downingtown. Thomas F. Grieff, Emlenton; Elmer J. Duster, Falls Creek; Rus- sell C. Paxton, Gettysburg: John L. Moonlv, Greensburg; Patrick P. Wade, Jenkintown; Clayton Hill, Joh'nsonburg; Thomas G. Miller, Lebanon; Edwin C. Parvin, MifBinburg; E. Paul Miller, Montgomery; Robert L. Craven, Walter Manns, of McKeesport; James A. Mahcr, New Castle; Howard E. Millard, .McKces Rocks; Seth P. Grandy, North Ea-t; John E. Dockery, Oil Citv; W. John Dawe, Pen Argyle; David B. Brown, Port Carbon; Earle M. Hite, Roaring Spring; Anderson I. Kerr, Rochester; Amos Stouteagle, Royersford; Thomas L. Eddy, Shamokin; Edward Huber, Scran- ton; Harry C. Webb, Shrewsbury; Richard K. Latshaw, Swissvale; John A. LeBar, Stroudsburg; Paul C. McConnell, West Sunbury; William M. Edwards, Wilkes-Barre ; Thomas \\'. Emerv, Grove City; Roy W. Baldwin and William E. Bisel, Wilkinsburg; C. J. Jacoby, VVyncote; George S. Fetrow, York; Harry Lounsburv, Salem, N. J.; Joseph W. Harrison, Binghamton, N. Y.; Harrv Wis'hnefsky, Camden. N. J.; Harry E. Simpson, Wheeling, W. Va.; Wesley Cossar, Wheeling, W. Va.; Charles H. Troxell, Weston, W. Va.; Henry A. Stype, East Liverpool, Ohio; Leo Ritzi, Youngstown, Ohio; William F. Vogel, Rehoboth, Del.; Harry L. Smith, White Sulphur Springs, W. Va.; J. Elmer Baker, Hagerstown, Md. The next examinations will be held in the Technical High School, Harrisburg, on March 6, 1915. OMo The following applicants successfullv passed the examination for registered pharmacists recentlv held by the Ohio Board ot Phar- macy in the State House. Columbus: John T. /wal-n. l"- r'h But- nik, Arthur A. Albrecht. John C. Gehrunt;. t ha- 1 ^: ^ .ii-i Al- bert Loveman. Cleveland; Joseph J. Stark, i , - f. ii:ner, August L. Stern. Jr.. Ralph B. Puckett. L. II. : i, . .\rthur C. Neal. Madeline R. Gilmore. and Harrv II. Lahk. . (!:ui:inati; Wilbur R. Walt. Columbus; T. Luther Bcnncr. Newark; Ernen P. Loeher. Morrow: John Farina. New Richmond: Tames 11, . mu ,-. -~1u1; Louis P. Miller, Thomas A. Campbell. 1 Cleveland; Ro Greenfield. The next m Jan. 12 and 1. be held on the and 1 i : Wi Apr be held on meeting will .lla.s, 1 iiig 111 Mtion : 1: r;ui W Texas tin.; of th, xas Board of Pharmacy held I .11 1 li iiUs tx^k the examination, and the I M ii i 'l -I iN s and received certificates of isil . IV. .\!l.niy: Wm. H. Chilner. Fort l.|iuu. tlo.UiN : S. E. Denham. Forestburg; r; R. C. C.ililland, Dallas: Harn.- S. Gold- , Guntcr, Wheeler; H. J. Hodnett. Dallas; 1: Edgar C. C. Lawhon. Ravenna: .\nthonv ^V. .\ McDonald, Tioga: C. L. Munford, 1 uris Lindaie; John Athos Mur. Dallas; ih; II. yi. Tarlton, Burkburnett: Ross L. Yocum, Fort Worth; Fulton J. Young, II. report of R. H. Walker, delegate to the National .■\sso- i i.iiiou Boards of Pharmacy was presented to the Board, and was most heartily approved. The next regular meeting will be held at Waco on January 19. J.\:kuary, 1915] THE PHARIVIACEUTICAL ERA 41 NEW HfCOBPOKATIONS The Duerr Schaefer Pharmacal Co., Benton Harbor, Mich., capi- tal, $7,000, with $J,560 subscribed; among the stockholders are Cbarles E. Schaefer, of St. Joseph, H. V. Tutton and Frank T. ■Cannell. Benedict Perfumer, Inc., Chicago, 111., capital, $25,000; to manu- facture and sell perfumes, toilet preparations, etc.; incorporators, H. Benedict, Frank Hoffman, H. T. Kincaid, etc. The Felsenthal Drug Co., Felsenthal, Ark., surrendered its char- ter. Mablc C. Mahoney was president. Republic Stock Food and Medical Co., Decatur, Ind., capital, $1,000; to deal in stock foods and medicines; directors, Louis F. and Clara B. Schroeder and Otto F. Koenemann. W. M. Hamilton Co., Buffalo, capital, $25,000; to handle veteri- nary medicines, drugs, etc.; G. M. Rogers, M. W. Comstock and \V. M. Hamilton. F. M Crump Drug Co., Smith Grove., Ky., capital $3,000; incor- porators, F. H. Crump, \V. C. Simmons, J. W. Lewis and L. H. Souther. Rosenberg. Temliak Drug Co., Manhattan, capital, $1,000; Samuel Temliak, Ma.x M. Rosenberg and Adolph Loebelson. Dr. D. \V. Nolan Specific Co., Springfield, 111., capital, $20,000; to manufacture and deal in specifics stock medicines, stock powders, etc.; D. \V., P. M. and D. J. Nolan. Quaker Oil Co. .Manhattan, capital, $5,000; to manufacture drugs, oils, medicines, mineral waters, soups, invalid foods, etc.; Katherine M. Morris. H. S. Heustis and Vera M. Boyle. Drug Merchants of America, New York City, capital reduced from $10,000 to $4,000. Tyrrell Remedy Co., Ridgewood Park, N. J., capital, $10,000; to manufacture chemicals and drugs; incorporators, O. G. Tyrrell, Jessie L. Tyrrell and H. S. Jones. The Mills Capsule Co.. Cleveland, capital, $10,000; to manufac- ture drugs, etc.. incorporators, Marie Guhl, J. H. Dunn, Ethel U. Dunn, Harry Stevens, Coral M. Fage. Perfolam Sponge Co., Cleveland, C, capital, $10,000; manufac- turers, etc.; Joseph. Jcanette and Alexander Polshek, Jacob Hart- man and Lambert Friedel. Salux Drug Co., Wilmington, Del., capital stock, $1,500,000; to manufacture, compound, prepare and deal in and with drugs and pharmaceutical supplies of all kinds; incorporators, H. E. Latter, W. J. Maloney, Oscar J. Reichard, all of Wilmington. Boro Chemical Co., Binghamton, N. Y., capital, $5,000; to manu- facture an antiseptic, germicidal preparation; directors, J. S. Kelly, F. T. Macey and I. T. Deyo. Feldman Drug Co., Manhattan, capital, $1,500; to conduct drug stores; incorporators. Bertha, Jennie and Jacob Feldman. Menzies' Drug Co., Hickory, N. C, capital, $25,000, $6,000 sub- scribed; incorporators, Z. B. Buchanan, E. B. Menzies and others. The Community Drug Corporation, Buffalo, capital, $45,000; to do a general drug business; incorporators, C. W. Parsons, T. M. Leonara and G. A. Sloan, Buffalo. The Hedley Drug Co.. Hedley. Texas, capital stock, $5,000; in- corporators, W. H. Madden, W. E. Bray and P. C. Johnson. Delange Sisters Co., Manhattan, capital, $1,000; to manufacture underclothing, cosmetics, perfumes, tapestries, paintings, art works, etc.; incorporators, A. E. Boero de Lange, A. G. Scheer, H. R. Bonny. E. A. Brewster Co., Dexter, Me., capital stock, $10,000; to carry on the Brewster drug business in Dexter, which for several years has been conducted as a partnership; officers: President, Mrs. Grace Brewster; vice president, Mrs. Edith Brewster; treasurer, Hugh M. Brewster; directors are the officers. Sykes Pharmacy Co., Savannah, Ga., capital, $6,000; incorpora- tors, J. H. and W. Sykes and G. F. Hewlett. Seaborg Drug Co., Lockport, III., capital stock, $5,000; incorpora- tors, H. H. Harris, Charles G. Seaborg and Anna Seaborg. Palace drug store. West, Texas, capital stock, $8,000; incorpora- tors, W. S. Mayes, J. B. Williamson and H. B. Vaughan. Stucky's Red Cross pharmacy, Inc., Wilmington, Del., capital, $50,000; to conduct store for sale of drugs, medicines, etc.; incor- porators, C. B. Bishop, C. J. Jacobs, H. W. Davis, Wilmington. Atlantic and Pacific Drug Co., New York City, capital stock, $300,000. Robinson-Pettet Co., Louisville, Ky., capital stock increased to $200,000; company does a wholesale drug business; incorporators, James M. Caufield, Frank W. Shook and W. M. Bowers. Marmalax Mfg. Co., Inc., Manhattan, capital, $50,000; to manu- facture drugs, chemicals, perfumes, sundries, etc., incorporators, N. Schlyen, J. Schlyen and I. Tamases. Trans-Pacific Sponge Co., Los Angeles, Cal., capital stock, $25,- 000; directors: F. G. Mortimer, Pasadena; J. A. Campbell, Santa Monica, and F. C. Rounds, Pasadena. Rare Earth Chemical Co., Manhattan, capital, $15,000; to manu- facture salts and chemicals and pharmaceutical preparations; incor- porators, D. J. Atkins, F. P. Harris and H. P. Withington. Regal Sachet Co., Manhattan, capital, $1,000; to manufacture sachet bags, toilet articles, novelties, etc. Freyschmidt's drug store, Charleston, S. C, capital stock, $10,000; officers: President, W. S. Lanneau; vice president, R. W. Frey- schmidt. and secretary and treasurer, Katie Freyschmidt. Hamilton Chemical Co., NobiesviUe, N. Y., capital stock, $60,000; finished plant will consist of nine buildings in which hog cholera serum will be manufactured; plant will be owned and operated by veterinarians from all over the State. Burkahr Drug Co., Inc., Brooklyn, capital, $9,000; incorporators, \Vm. S. Westheimer, R. J. Mayer and Jacob Stein. Manifest Co. Inc., Manhattan, capital, $100,000; to deal in drugs, medicines, foods and food products; incorporators, G. J. Hurwitt, T. K. McIIrow and J. J. Wcstgate, Pittsburgh, Pa. P. P. Knapp Drug Co., capital stock, $20,000; A. B. Sharpe, Sewickley. Pa., treasurer; directors: P. P. Knapp, M. R. Knapp and A. B. Sharpe, all of Sewickley. Hall Drug Co., Charlotte, N. C, capital, $10,000; to do a general drug business; incorporators, S. P. Hall, M. M. Murphy and T. J. Smith. Schools and Colleges Buffalo The twenty-ninth annual course of instruction was opened by the Buffalo College of Pharmacy in October with a record attendance of ISl students. Of this number 139 are taking the two year pharmacy course and 42 tlie three year analytical che- mistry course. The freshmen classes were recently given a reception by the other students and faculty in the library of the University building. The program consisted of music and recitations furnished by the students, of whom there were about 150 in attendance. After the program refreshments were served. ITiiiversity of Iowa I. W. Clements of Marengo, formerly a member of the Iowa Commission of Pharmacy, called on friends at the college a few weeks ago. O. E. Hill, a pharmacist of Clinton, attended the second annual Municipal Conference under the supervision of the Ex- tension Division of the University recently. He is interested in city water systems. H. F. Doden, '14, hospital pharmacist, spent the Thanks- givmg vacation at the home of his parents at Wilton Junction. Alumni of the College of Pharmacy have been getting into pohtics of late. J. M. Lindly, '89, pharmacist and banker of Wmfield, was elected to the State Senate. R. E. Humphrey, '05, the owner of a successful drug business at Glenwood was elected county auditor of Mills County. V. S. Samuelso'n, ex '15, of Fairfield, was elected county recorder of Jefferson County. At the time of the Iowa-Nebraska game a large delegation ot Nebraska neople were in the city and among them Messrs Hanson, Brown and Pierson, students in the Nebraska Uni-^ versity College of Pharmacy. Lewis Caslavka, '10, and his brother were recent visitors at the College. _ Mr. Caslavka has been at Traer, Iowa, but hopes soon to go into business for himself. B. G. Green, ex '14, is now located at Le Mars, Iowa. Prof. Zada M. Cooper spent the Thanksgiving vacation with relatives at Kansas City, Mo. H. E. Weld, '12, of Richland, suffered an unusually sad loss recently m the death of his mother who was found burned to death m her home. Philadelphia "A Naturalist in Costa Rica," was the subject of a special lecture delivered recently by Professor Philip C. Calvert of ^e University of Pennsylvania at the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. By means of colored lantern slides the lecturer showed the situation of Costa Rica on the map, the dif- ferent colors, illustrating the variant elevations. These eleva- tions cause a difference in the flora and fauna which is quite striking, and this is one of the reasons why Costa Rica is a paradise to a naturalist. Some beautiful river views were shown, the Santa Clara flowing in a canyon 1,500 feet deep and yet 2,500 feet above sea level. A view of a coffee drying bed was also projected coffee being one of the principal ex- ports from this country. The flora upon the eastern slope of the mountains was also depleted. The great draw-back to Costa Rica, according to the lecturer, is the earthquakes which occur at uncertain intervals. ' _ W G. Toplis, the well known Germantown pharmacist, who is also known as a practical chemist and bacteriologist re- cently addressed the second year class at P. C. P upon the subject of water analysis. He laid stress on the fact that even if the pharmacist did not practice water analysis, he at least should have sufficient knowledge of the subject to be of service to those who might wish to consult an analyst. He should be able to describe the method of taking the sample and the amount necessary, and should be prepared to interpret an analysis in a practical way. He told the class that from the standpoint of remuneration alone a comprehension of the work of water analysis was worth while, and from the standpoint of increased professional standing it was an asset which could not be cal- culated in dollars and cents. 42 THE PHARMACEUTICAL EJRA [January, 1915 Kansas College of Pharmacy The Senior class has organized with the following officers: Thos. S. Evilsizer, president; Asta Hansen, vice-president; Belva H. Wise, secretary; Herman Friedson, treasurer, and Douglass Laudermilk, sergeant-at-arms. Mr. Evilsizer made such an excellent officer last year that the class unanimously decided to re-elect him for this year. The Junior class has elected these officers: J. Wallace Kmg, president; John L. Williams, vice-president; Willie Mulvaney, secretary and Carl L. Pfalzgraf, treasurer. President King has the distinction of being one of the few full fledged registered druggists in the class and also a 3 year man. The first of the series of lectures on commercial pharmacy outside of the regular course was given by Mr. McGibbon, of Eli Lilly & Co., on November 6. His talk on the problems of buying in the retail store was greatly enjoyed by the student body, fatuity and visitors. Leo H. Eckerie, who has been with the Brecklin Rialto Pharmacy of Kansas City for several years, was a successful applicant before the last Oklahoma pharmacy examination. Galen R. Goodson, formerly of Maryville, Mo., but who has spent the past eight months in Colorado, has purchased a half interest in the Cooper Pharmacy of Kansas City. Lyn. White, representing the McPike Drug Co. at Bclout, Kansas, was a recent visitor. W. M. Esmond, '08, for the past seven years in charge of the manufacturing part of the Snodgrass Drug Co., has ac- cepted a position with Schieffelin & Co. with headquarters at Kansas City. He will cover Nebraska, Kansas and Missouri territory. M. W. Turner, Haileyville, Okla., has joined the Oklahoma Ph. A. He is now proprietor of the Haileyville Drug Co. at that place. The Rexall drug store operated for 14 years by J. N. Macken- zie at Waukegan, 111., has been sold to Fred D. Peter of Pawnee, Okla. Mr. Peter was one of the most capable members of the 1901 class and since graduation has enjoyed a very prosperous business at Pawnee. He was for several years assistant in the chemistry department of the College. Ontario College of Pharmacy The class of 1914-1915 of the Ontario College of Pharmacy has elected the following officers: Hon. president, E. Heebner; hon. vice-president. Prof. Graham Chambers; president, W. K. Buckley, Sydney, N. S.; vice-president, E. Bogleman; secre- tary-treasurer, Eric Weir, Ashcroft, B. C. Committee, E Rumford, Forest, Ont.; J. W. Wilson, Samia; C. A. Allen, Owen Sound; C. L. Reed, St. Catherines; J. Dickie, Van- couver, B. C. University of Texas The classes of the University of Texas, Department of Pharmacy, have elected the following officers: Junior Class: President, H. K. Brill, Hempstead; vice-presi- dent, R. E. Marcs, Franklin; secretary-treasurer, Miss M. E. Glover, Lockhart; representative to the honor council, H. C. Bryan; sergeant-at-arms, C. L. Munford, Gonzales. Senior Class: President, A. Williams, Eagle Pass; vice-presi- dent, A. E. Dickinson, Tenaha; secretary-treasurer, C. J. Douglass, Clarendon; representative to honor council, H. B. Miller, Houston; sergeant-at-arms, L. F. Hodde, Burton; class reporter, R. McCormick, Piano. Drug Stores His Specialty A regular system of petty larceny by which druggists around Cincinnati have suffered was developed recently when one Harry Ayers, 40 years of age, was arrested by local detectives, on the request of several different druggist's associations whose members have lost goods through Ayers. His specialty it ap- pears, is to visit drug-stores, on the pretext of buying a truss, and while having it adjusted, seizes the opportunity to get hold of whatever goods may be lying around handy. Ayers has de- nied that he is the man wanted, but the police declare that he is the man who has victimized the druggists. National Colortype Fire Cincinnati, Dec. 28.— The fire in the plant of the National Colortype Co. of this city and Newport, Ky., which recently destroyed it, will not seriously interfere with their business. Their loss was about $13,000 fully covered by insurance, and tliev will be ready to take care of their customers bv January i.stii. POIN-TS ON RECIPROCAL REGISTRATION Thirty-four States Now on Interchange Basis — N. A. B. P. Secretary Gives Method of Procedure Secretary H. C. Christensen, of the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy, has sent to the Era a list of the active members of his organization, which includes the boards of pharmacy of the following States : Alabama, Arkansas, .\rizona,. Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois. In- diana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Marj'land, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota. Missouri. Montana, Ne- braska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Dakota, Okla- homa, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, \'ermont, Vir- ginia, West Virginia and Wisconsin. Mr. Christensen states, that a pharmacist registered by examination, with certain grades, can now become registered by reciprocity in any of the States named in the list without further examination on sending to him as secretary (450 Bowen ave., Chicago, III.) the fee of $5 for the official application and instructions for proceeding. Any communication addressed to him with ref- erence to reciprocal registration will receive prompt attention. Following is a list of the secretaries of the various State Boards of Pharmacy, with their respective addresses: Alabama— E. P. Gait, Box 72, Selma. Arizona — Arthur G. Hulett, Phoenix. Arkansas — J. A. Gibson, Little Rock. California — Louis Zeh, Suite 909 Butler Bldg., 135 Stockton St., San Francisco. Colorado — Wm. F. Thebus, Denver. Connecticut — J. A. Leverty, 559 Washington Avenue, Bridgeport- Delawabe — John O. Bosiey, 14th & King Streets, Wilmington. District of Columbia— W. T. Kerfoot, Jr., S. W. Cor. 7th & L. Sts., N. W., Washington. Florida — D. W. Ramsaur, Palatka. Georgh — Chas. D. Jordan, Monticello. Idaho— T. M. Starrh, Twin Falls. Illinois— F. C. Dodds, Springfield. Indiana — William H. Rudder, Salem. Iowa — H. E. Eaton, Des Moines. Kansas— W. R. Sherriff, Ellsworth. Kentucky — J. W. Gayle, Frankfort. Louisiana— Jos. T. Baltar, .3637 Magazine Street, New Orleans. Maine — Frank T. Crane, Machias. Maryland — Ephraim Bacon, 30th & Calvert Streets, Baltimore. Massachusetts — Albert J. Brunelle, 22 State House, Boston. Minnesota — Edward A. Tupper, 745 E. 14th Street, Minneapolis. Michigan — Ellis E. Faulkner, Delton. Mississippi — W. W. Ellis, Fernwood, Pike County. Missouri — E. G. Cox, Craig. Montana — W. R. Montgomery, 140 Park Street, Butte. Nebraska — J. Earle Harper, Spencer. Nevada — J. M. Taber, Elko. New Hampshire — Herbert E. Rice, Nashua. New Jersey — Henry A. Jorden, 56 E. Commerce Street, Bridgeton. New Mexico — B. Ruppe, Albuquerque. North Carolina — F. A. Hancock, Raleigh. New York— Warren L. Bradt, Education Bldg., Albany. North Dakota — W. S. Parker, Lisbon. Ohio— M. N. Ford. Columbus. Oklahoma — J. C. Burton, Stroud. Oregon — J. Lee Brown, Marshfield. Pennsylvania — Lucius L. Walton, Williamsport. Rhode Island — James E. Brennan, 5 N. Union Street, Pawtucket. South Carolina — Frank M. Smith. Charleston. South Dakota— E. C. Bent, Dell Rapids. Tennessee — Ira B. Clark, Nashville. Texas — R. H. Walker, Gonzales. Utah— Walter H. Dayton. Salt Lake City. Vermont — Mason G. Beebe, Burlington. Virginia — T. A. Miller, Richmond. Washington — D. B. Garrison, Connell. West Virginia— Alfred W.ilkor, Sutton. Wisconsin — Edward Williatu^, Madison. Wyoming — R. A Hopkins, Clicyenne. Royal Purple Grape Juice The manufacturers of Royal Purple Grape Juice announce that their 1014 pack will be ready for shipment about February 15th .\s there was a bumper grape crop last fall tliey were able to iiinri tiian double their output and anticipate no diffi- ( ult\ in IiIHiil; ail orders that they will receive this year. This 1)1,111(1 of (.ripe Juice is manufactured by the J. Hungerford Snuih Ci.iiu Juice Co., of Rochester. N. Y., who are ver>' lucnul ai the fact that in only two or three seasons, the "Royal Purple" has become one of the best and most favorably known grape juices on the market. It is especially famous for its liavor. which the manufacturers claim is exactly like the luscious Concord grape from which it is made. For details as to the Royal Purple Grape Juice advertising and other information, our readers are referred to tlie adver- tisement of the J. Hungorford Smillt Grape Juice Co. in this issue. Jaxuary, 1915] THE PHAKMACEUTICAL ERA 43 PATENTS AND TRADE MARKS POWDER DIVIDER THIS DE\'ICE the invention of Jerome W. Barnard and Ernest C. Skiles, Joseph, Oregon, (Patent No. 1,118,096), is a powder divider the specifications covering a support, a trough having an outlet, a shaft mounted for longitudi- nal and transverse movements upon the support, a plurality of blades carried by the shaft for movement into and out of the trough and longitudinally thereof, and co-operating means for moving the blades out of the trough in one direction and ,dy fo 1.118,09f5. for permitting the lowering of the blades within the trough and movement thereof in the opposite longitudinal direction. On depressing the spring plate mounted upon the support, the shaft is oscillated, thereby elevating the blades out of the trough during the depression of the spring, the blades being returned to the trough by gravity. Label Holder Rose Agnes Mizell, Philadelphia, Pa., has devised the label holder shown in the accompanying drawing (Patent No. 1,119,- 303). It embodies an elongated base plate having side flanges and terminal pockets to receive the ends of a label the flanges being flat and arranged at right angles to the base plate to snugly receive and hold the labels therebetween and having LAEL! 1.12 1.45 1,119.303. cut-away portions intermediate their ends and extending to the base plate, and the base plate having an upstruck portion intermediate the cut-away portions for raising the label at the cut-away portions. Bottle Attactment This invention is brought forward as a new article of manufacture (Patent No. 1,121,459) by Arthur E. Blake, Rochester, N. Y., and is a poison indicator for bottle stoppers. It comprises a single blank sheet of metal material having a plurality of sides and slit at each comer to present substan- tially V-points at the comers, intermediate bendable portions between the corners, bent downwardly and at right angles thereto to lie at the sides of the stopper and terminating in re- latively sharp points lying below the plane of the V-point at the comers of the blank, and a stopper attaching portion carried by said blank. The stopper attaching portion is in- serted or withdrawn from the cork by gripping the sides and straight longitudinal edges of the downwardly bent portions and rotating the blank. TRADE-MARKS Published November 17, 1914 71,221— Arthur W. Tribbey, Maud, Okla. Preparation for skin diseases. 73,098 — Blackman Stock Remedy Co., Chattanooga, Tenn. Tonic for live stock. 73,529 — Mattie Clisby, Birmingham, Ala. Hair salves and hair tonics. 73,788— Albany Chemical Co., Albany, Ga. ralgia and headache. 73,891— Batson & Roberts, Memphis, Texas. Preparation for the treatment of cancer. 73,344, 75,345 — Sharp & Dohme, Baltimore, Md. Fluid extracts, solid extracts, etc. 76,556— Joseph R. Mattison, Dallas, Texas. Remedy for colds, catarrh, etc. "6,808 — Ira E. Brown, Los Angeles, Cal. Medical preparation for throat and lung diseases, etc. 79,821— The Strong & Cobb Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Preparations for the treatment of headaches, etc. 80,074 — Stockholms Superfosfat Fabriks Aktiebolag, Stockholm, Sweden. Chlorates and perchlorates, calcium carbid, urea, etc. 80,281 — Sansby Bros., St. Paul, Minn. Remedy for diseases of 80,338 — Swampland Medicine Co., Ada, Okla. Liver pills, medici- nal tonic, etc. 80,356 — Farmacia Baldacci, Pisa, Italy. Remedy for anemia, lym- phatism, etc. 80,777 — Emanuele Macaluso, Boston, Mass. Disinfectant and anti- septic for vaginal use, etc. 81,008— Sazel Corporation, Pierre, S. D. Antiseptic compound. 81,193— Kirk-Geary & Co., Sacramento, Cal. Headache tablets, laxa- tive cold tablets, etc. 81,300 — Joseph Home Drug Co., St. Louis, Mo. Toothache wax, corn salve, etc. 81,366— Eubanks & Mills, Miles, Tex. Hog cholera remedy. Published November 24, 1914. 59,579 — Regal Shoe Co., Boston, Mass. Talcum powder. 72,020— Marie Louise P. Bouchet, Roselle, N. J. Pure olive oil emulsion. 78,422 — Irving McEwen, Omaha Nebr. Face cream, florida water, etc. 78,844 — Organic Products Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. Restorative remedy for nervous troubles. 80,136— Rite Specialty Co., New York, N. Y. A laxative. 81,615 — \V. G. Rogers, Madison, Ind. A toilet cream. 81,627 — W. C. Euster, Joplin, Mo. A medicinal tonic, salve, and liniment. 81,683— Electro-Alkaline Co., Oikland, Cal. Bleaching, cleansing, and antiseptic compounds. 81.976 — Farbwerke vorm. Meister Lucius & Bruning, Hochst-on-the- Main, Germany. Carcinoma extract, etc. 81.977— -Farbwerke vorm. Meister Lucius & Bruning, Hochst-on-the- Main, Germany. Sarcoma extract. 82,049 — Sam A. Berry, Louisa, Ky. Remedies for diseases of the throat and lungs. Publisned December 1, 1914. 73,737— Northam Warren, New York, N. Y. Perfumes, face-pow- der, etc. 81,064, 81,065 — Loose-Wiles Co., Boston, Mass. Chocolates and candy. 81,272 — John L. Polk, Albany, N. Y. Lotions for chapped hands, lips, etc. 81,407 — Vincenzo Genna, De Ridder, La. Toothache remedy. 81,835 — Chas. F. Touchton, Dade City, Fla. Remedy for malaria, 81,882— Toilette Products Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. A cleansing cream for the skin. 81,890— Geo. Borgfeldt & Co., New York, N. Y. Enamel, polish, paste, etc. 82,032— The National Ammonia Co., St. Louis, Mo. Anhydrous 82,171— Isidore Goldstein, Paterson, N. J. A laxative. 82,207 — Home Chemical Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. Laxative tab- lets. 82,265 — Joseph E. Boivin, Montreal, Canada. Dyspepsia remedy. 82,289 — Gustav A. Wester, Chicago, 111. Goiter remedy. 82,382— The Red Raven Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa. Dentifrices. 82,410 — Margaret Moan, Ruthven, Iowa. A salve. 82,438 — The Arlington' Chemical Co., Yonkers, N. Y. A medicinal preparation for intestinal troubles. 82,473— The Roessler & Hasslacher Chemical Co., New York, N. Y. Chemicals producing a peroxide solution when dissolved in water. 82,489 — Andrew Montana, Los Angeles, Cal. Hair tonic. Published December 8, 1914. 69,901— Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit, Mich. Viruses, serums, toxins, and antitoxins. 74,764 — Thompson's Malted Food Co., Phoenix, Ariz. Malted foods. 75,587 — Pinkus Reiss, Brooklyn, N. Y. Laxative compound. 80,415— United Drug Co., Boston, Mass. Perfume, toilet water, etc. 80,979, 80,981, 80,982, 81,214, 21,215. 81,216, 81,218— Stephan Fargo, Cleveland, Ohio. Remedies for various human ailments. 81,280— Elnathan W. Coleman, Canton, Ga. Medicine for eczema, ringworm, etc. 81,452 — Abraham Leavitt, Montreal, Canada. Hair invigorator and dandruff killer. 81,537 — Garret Van Arkel, Muskegon Heights, Mich. Medicinal tablets. 81,818— M. C. Hoard & Co., Stryker, Ohio. Foot powder. 44 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [January, 1915 81,974, 81,975 — Farbwerke vorm. Meister Lucius & Bruning, Hochst- on-the-Main, Germany. Preparations for the treatment of tu- berculosis. 81.997— Walter A. Rullman, Red Bank, N. J. Remedy for chronic constipation. 81.998— Walter A. Rullman, Red Bank, N. J. Remedy for diabetes, mellitus, etc. 82,238 — Edmund M. Pond, Rutland, Vt. Laxative pills. 82,323— Ellis B. Bliss, New Brunswick, N. J. Remedies for dental abscesses. 82,362 — John H. Wulf, Louisville, Ky. Remedy for infants' and children's ailments. Published December 15, 1914. 69,829 — Mutual Drug Co., Worcester, Mass. Medicines and medici- nal preparations for coughs, etc. 76,262— Robert J. Wilson, Philadelphia, Pa. Remedy for sour stomach, etc. 78,993 — Armando Carsana, Milan, Italy. Medicinal bitters. 80,518 — Howard B. Shrevc, Nogales, Ariz. Medicinal hair restorer. 80,814 — Diener and Urban, Milwaukee, Wis. Remedy for the heart, indigestion, coughs and rheumatism. 80,962— The Bako Co., Oklahoma, Okla. A preparation for the treatment of the tobacco habit. 81,051— Hudson Condensed Milk Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. Pow- dered milk, sweetened condensed milk, etc. 81,706 — Kirk Geary & Co., Sacramento, Cal. Cold cream, nail shine, etc. 81,792 — Anton Lang, Maiden, Mass. Rheumatism remedy. 81.999— Walter A. Rullman, Red Bank, N. J. Uric acid eliminant, urinary antiseptic, etc. 82,011— V. Baudendistel & Son, West New York, N. J. Liniments, salves, etc. 82,018 — Douchinol Co., New Yoik, N. Y. Antiseptic cleansers. 82,283— Chas. Wood Staley, Olney, Texas. Remedy for chills. 82,405— Lewis C. Landon & Co., South Bend, Ind. Medicated bath tablets. 82,467— Morris & Morris, Baltimore, Md. Toilet cream. 82,673 — Henry J. Ruyle, Springfield, Mo. Remedy for liver and constipation. 118,696— Louis J. and Otto Spahr, assignors to Strause burner. ottle cap padding Granted November 24, 1914. ,118,096— Jerome W. Barnard and Ernest C. Skiles, Joseph, Greg. Powder divider. 118,134 — Samuel A. Jones,Washington, D. C. Nursing bottle de- signed for use with rubber nipples. ,118,206 — John Lalli, Newark, N. J., assignor of one-half to Louis Finocchi, Newark, N. J. Non rcfillable bottle. ,118,244— Thomas C. Spelling, New York. Stopper. ,118,332 — Adolf Clemm, Mannheim, Germany. Ammonia soda process. ,118,423 — -Clarence S. Jackson, assignor to National Bottle Cap Co., New York, N. Y. Bottle refill preventing device. ,118,610 — Benjamin T. Winchester, Windsor Hills, Md., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Sharp and Dohme, Baltimore, Md. Capsule cutting machine. ,118,628 — Carl Bosch and Alwin Mittasch, assignors to Badische Anilin & Soda Fabrik, Ludvvigshafen-on-the-Rhine, Germany. Producing ammonia. Gas Iron Co., Philadelphi 1,118,778— Aron Johnson, New York, N. Y machine. 1,118,894 — Henry William de Stuckle, Paris, France. Process o» producing pure zinc oxid. 46,673 — (Design) Daniel Hogan, Hoboken, N. J., assignor to Whitall Tatum Co., New York, N. Y. Metal hot water bottle. Granted December 1, 1914. 1,118,999— Leonard Bartlett, Chicago, 111. Bottle seal. 1,119,192— Joseph E. Ross, Wilsonburg, W. Va. Non-refillable bot- tle. 1,119,257— Heinrich Eberhard, Basel, Switzerland. Non-refillable bottle. 1,119,279— Arnold H. C. Heitman, assignor to Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit, Mich. Arainophenyl arsenic compound. 1,119,303— Rose A. Mizell, Philadelphia. Label holder. 1,119,335 — John A. Anderson, Chicago, 111. Bottle washing machine. 1,119,666 — Ira L. Turman, Cynthiana, Ind. Combined syringe, hot water bag, and ice bag. Granted December 8, 1914. 1,119,931— William H. Dickerhoof, Cincinnati, Ohio. Non-refillable bottle. 1,120,007 — Homer T. Yaryan, assignor to Yaryan Naval Stores Co., Toledo, Ohio. Process for purifying rosin. 1,120,017 — Josiah Bradley, assignor to Albert Westlake, New York, N. Y. Bottle capping and sealing machine. 1,120,127— Henry Broberg, Warmsprings, Mont. Bottle casing or protector. 1,120,208— Arthur C. C. Liardet, London, England. Non-refillable bottle and the like. 1,120,233— Martin Overlach, deceased, by Meta Overlach, Charlot- tenburg, heiress, and Moritz Korner, Berlin, Germany, assignors to Theodor Teichgraeber, Berlin, Germany, a firm, and Sac- charinfabrik Aktiengesellschaft, vorm. Fahlberg, List & Co., Salbke-Westerhusen, Germany, a firm. Cocain isovalerianate. 1,120,551 — Botho Schwerin, assignor to Elektro-Osmose Aktienge- sellschaft, (Graf Schwerin Gesellschaf t,) Frankfort-on-the-Main. Germany. Process for the exchange of ions adsorbed by colloids. 1,120,593— Frederick N. Bowne and Daniel I. Hawkins, New York, N. Y. Non-refillable bottle. 46,719 — (Design) Zoe Armstrong, McPherson, Kans. Poison bot- tle. Granted December 15, 1914. 1,120,756 — Walter A. Stattniann, Wilmette, 111., assignor to Uni- versal Non-Refillable Bottle Co., Chicago, 111. Non-refillable bottle. 1,120,839— John B. Moszczenski, New York, N. Y., assignor to Tartar Chemical Co., Jersey City, N. J. Manufacture of cream of tartar. 1,120,860 — Thomas Summcrson, Parsons, Pa. Non-refillable bottle. 1,120.906— William R. Clough. Alton, N. H. Bottle attachment. 1,120,960 — Curtis C. Meigs. Charleston, S. C. Process of producing nitric and sulfuric acids. 1,121,160— John W. Bcckman, Niagara Falls, N. Y. Method of producing soluble phosphates. 1.121.459— Arthur E. Blake, Rochester, N. Y. Bottle attachment. 13,848 — Gcorg Korndorfer and Baptist Reutcr, assignors to Farb- ; wcrko vorm. Meister Lucius & Bruning, Hochst on-thc-Main. Gennany. Derivatives of diaminodioxyarscnobenzenc and pro- ■ cess of making same. January, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA THE DRUG MARKETS INTEBEST STILL CENTERED IN OPIUM Reports of Uncertainties in Fishing on Account of North Sea Troubles Make Cod Liver Oil Advance See pages 27 to 41 for Prices Current Ch.\nges Since Last Report A— Acacia, Sorts lb. .24 — .26 A— Acetphenetidine lb. 1.40 — 1.60 A— Acid, Boracic, Crjstal lb. .11 — .15 Powdered lb. .12 — .16 A— Acid Carbolic, Crystals, bulk lb. .50 — .60 1-ib. bottles lb. .60 — .65 .\— Acid, Citric (kegs) lb. — .67 D— Acid, 0.xalic lb. .16 — .22 lb. .72 — .78 Powdered lb. .22 — .26 D— Acid, Pyrogallic, ^, 1/4 or 1-lb. cans ....lb. 2.00 —2.20 D— Acid, Salicylic, 1-lb. cartons lb. .88 — .95 Bulk lb. .86 — .96 D— Acid, TarUric, cryst lb. .52 — .58 Powdered lb. .55 — .60 A — Adeps Lanae, Anhydrous lb. .80 — .95 Hydrous lb. .50 — .70 D— Agar Agar lb. .50 — .65 A— Almonds, Bitter, Shelled lb. .50 — .55 Sweet. Jordan lb. .50 — .55 D — .\mmonium Sulphate lb. .06 — .08 D— Anise Seed, Italian lb. .18 — .22 Star lb. .30 — .33 D— .A.mica Flowers lb. 24 — .28 D— Asafetida, Good, Fair lb. .55 — .70 Powdered lb. .65 — .75 D— Balsam Toiu lb. .60 — .75 D — Belladonna Leaves, German lb. 1.75 — 1.90 D— Bone, Cuttlefish lb. .28 — .35 Jewelers' lb. .60 — 1.00 D — Buchu Leaves, Long lb. 1.55 — 1.65 Powdered lb. 1.65 — 1.75 D— Buchu Leaves, Short lb. 1.65 — 1.75 Powdered lb. 1.75 — 1.85 D— Buckthorn Bark lb. .30 — .35 D— Caffeine, Pure lb. 5.25 — 5.50 oz. .40 — .45 D— Calendula Flowers lb. 1.10 — 1.25 D— Camphor, Refined (bbls.) lb. .55 — .62 ^-Ib squares lb. .56 — .63 Powdered lb. .70 — .75 Japanese lb. .48 — .56 D— Cantharides. Russian, Sifted lb. 5.00 — 5.25 Powdered lb. 5.00 — 5.25 A — Capsicum, African lb. .25 — .28 Powdered lb. .32 — .36 A— Caraway lb. .15 — .17 Powdered lb. .20 — .22 D — Chamomile Flowers, Hungarian lb. .38 — .42 Roman or Belgian lb. .45 — .50 D — Copaiba, South American lb. .50 — .55 D— Cream Tartar, Powdered lb. .38 — .42 D— Cumin Seed lb. .23 — .28 D — Digitalis Leaves, German lb. .30 — .35 D— Dragon's Blood, Reeds lb. .85 — .95 D— Ergot, Russian lb. 1.20 — 1.30 Powdered lb. 1.35 — 1.40 D— Fennel Seed lb. .20 — .24 D— Gelsemium Root lb. .20 — .24 D— Ginseng lb. 8.00 — 8.50 D— Golden Seal Root lb. 4.80 — 5.00 D— Guaiacol, Liquid lb. 2.70 — 2.90 Carbonate (lb. $3.87) oz. .30 — .40 D— Guarana (Paullinia) lb. 1.40 — 1.50 Powdered lb. 1.55 — 1.65 D— Hemp Seed lb. .06i4— .09'/4 D— Ichthyol lb. 5.25 — 5.75 .\— Ipecac Root, Rio lb. 3.20 Powdered lb. 3.35 A— Irish Moss, Bleached lb. .20 1) — luniper Berries lb. .09 .\— kamaia. Purified lb. 2.25 D— Ladies' Slipper Root lb. .40 D — Lavender Flowers lb. .25 A — Licorice, Corigliana lb. .35 Mass lb. .34 A— Lobelia Seed, Clean lb. .35 Powdered lb. .40 A — Lycopodium lb. .80 D — Magnesium Sulphate (Sal Epsom) lb. .03 D— Menthol, Cryst lb. 2.85 D— Mercury lb. .85 D — Morphine Acetate, %-oz. vial oz. 5.55 Alkaloid, pure l/s-oz. vial oz. 6.50 Hydrobromide, y%-oz. vial oz. 6.00 Sulphate, 1-oz. vial oz. 5.30 yi-oz. vial oz. 5.55 Valerate, Y^-oz. vial oz. 6.25 A — Mullein Flowers, 1-lb. cans lb. 1.75 D — Nux Vomica lb. .11 Powdered lb. .22 A— Oil, Almond, Bitter lb. 6.00 Sweet, Pure lb. 1.00 D— Oil, Bergamot lb. 4.25 D— Oil, Citronella lb. .65 A— Oil, Cod Liver, Norwegian gal. 1.00 Bbls ea. 22.00 Half bbls ea. 13.00 D— Oil, Geranium, Rose, Natural lb. 6.00 D— Oil, Haarlem, Dutch gross. 3.20 A — Oil, Lavender Flowers lb. 4.25 D— Oil, Lemon lb. 1.40 D — Oil, Lemongrass lb. 1.35 A— Oil, Linseed, Boiled gal. .62 Raw gal. .60 D— Oil, Orange, Sweet lb. 1.80 D— Oil, Peppermint, N. Y lb. 1.55 Western lb. 1.55 D— Oil, Tansy lb. 3.50 D— Oil, Thyme, Red, No. 1 lb. 1.40 White lb. 1.60 D — Oil, Wintergreen, Synthetic lb. .70 D — Oil, Wormwood, American, Good lb. 3.00 D— Opium (Natural) lb. 9.50 D — Potassa, Caustic, Com lb. .18 D— Potas. Bitartrate, Ref. (Cr. Tart.), pow..lb. .38 D — Potassium Bromide lb. .85 A — Potassium Citrate lb. .75 D — Potassium Iodide lb. 3.55 D — Potassium Permanganate lb. .19 Pure, powdered lb. .27 D — Quinine Sulphate, 100-oz. tins oz. .26 D— Rochelle Salt lb. .24 D — Saffron, American (Safflower) lb. .50 Spanish, True, Valencia lb. 13.50 D— Salicin lb. 4.75 D— Salol lb. .90 D — Sarsaparilla Root, Mexican, Cut lb. .25 Powdered lb. .33 D— Seidiitz Mixture lb. .21 D — Silver Nitrate, Cryst oz. .40 Stick (Lunar Caustic) oz. .46 D— Silver Oxide oz. 1.05 D— Soap Tree Bark, Whole lb. .17 Cut lb. .21 Powdered lb. .27 D — Sodium Benzoate lb. .65 D— Sodium Citrate lb. .70 D— Sodium Iodide lb. 4.15 D — Sodium Salicylate lb. .70 A— Spearmint, ozs lb. .34 46 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [January, 1915 D — Storax, Liquid lb. .40 — .50 A— Sugar of Milk, Powdered lb. .18 — .22 1-lb. Cartons lb. .20 — .25 D— Sun Flower Seed lb. .11 — .13 A— Thymol lb. 6.00 — 7.00 D— Wahoo, Bark of Root lb. .48 — .53 A— Wax, Bay lb. .35 — .38 D— Wax, Bees, Yellow lb. .40 — .45 White lb. .45 — .65 Japan lb. .17 — .19 NOTE — A, advanced; D, declined; C, correction; N, new. NEW YORK, DEC. 24.— As is usual at the beginning of the annual holiday season, the tendency to restrict pur- chasing until after the turn of the year, is much in evidence at this writing, and already many of the large houses, including jobbers, are preparing to lock their doors this eve- ning, and have announced that they will not open them again until Monday the 28th. The slackening in domestic purchasing •on this account is quite noticeable, but many sellers report the receipt of a large number of inquiries from foreign buyers, although but few large orders have been filled for export. Opium seems to command the center of interest on account of the outlook for future supplies, the situation being more or less obscured by reports of the closing of the Dardanelles and the holding up of shipments. The market is very strong in regard to this narcotic, and although no appreciable advance has been recorded at this writing, there are strong reasons for believing that higher prices will soon be reached, not only for the gum, but for all the alkaloids and their salts as well. Quinine still retains a strong undertone, but so far prices are practically the same as last month. Carbolic acid is higher, and Cod liver oil is advancing, fol- lowing reports of the abandonment of cod fishing on account of North Sea troubles. Other drugs and chemicals for which advances are noted are adeps lanae, African capsicum, Rio ipecac, whole and powdered, oil of almonds, bitter and sweet, thymol, and bay wax. Among the declines are oxalic, salicylic, and tartaric acids, caffeine, camphor, cantharides, chamomile flowers, gold seal root, guarana, mercury, nux vomica, various essential oils, salicin, salol, Rochelle salt and silver nitrate. The ciosing month of the year is characterized by a spirit of general optimism, the belief of dealers generally being that the coming year will be one of unprecedented business activity. This belief is strongly supported by the report of the Secretary of Commerce for the week ending Dec. 19 that 13 customs dis- tricts show a favorable trade balance of exports over imports of $27,928,263. A sustained movement of this proportion can not fail to affect business most favorably in this country. Opium — At this writing the tone of the market is very strong, the outlook for supplies becoming more dubious owing to the unfavorable reports from producing districts, the hos- tilities in Turkey holding up shipments and placing dealers in quandary as to future supplies. Natural is quoted at $9.50@ $10 per pound, granulated at $12.50@$13.50, and U.S.P. pow- dered at $12.40@$13.50. According to Government statistics, the importations for the ten months ending October 31, 1914, were 323,826 pounds, valued at $1,482,727, as against 533,475 pounds, valued at $2,319,012 for the corresponding period last year. Quinine — Still maintains a strong undertone, 27@28c per ounce being the prevailing quotations in 100-ounce tins, with the usual advances for smaller packages. Shipments of cin- chona bark from Java to Europe during November were 650,000 kilos, as compared with 1,035,500 kilos for the corres- ponding month of last year. The total shipments of bark from Java to Europe for the eleven months of this year were 6,687,500 kilos, as compared with 8,789,450 kilos for the cor- responding period last year. The future position of quinine is a somewhat mooted question, and opinions are divided as to the outlook. The fact that offerings were withdrawn in several of the recently scheduled .luctions in Amsterdam tends to con- firm the belief tliat no appreciable rise in price is close at hand. Cod Liver Oil — This article marks one of the principal ad- vances of the month, and is now quoted at $1@$1.10 per gallon; barrels at $22@$24, and half barrels at $13@$14. Cable ad- vices from Europe indicate an uncertainty of catch this season on account of North Sea troubles, producers of oil basing their claim to higher prices on this belief. The season is about ready to open now. Only a moderate business in the oil has been reported in this market, however. Cantharides — Russian are lower, $5@$5.25 being asked for both sifted and powdered. The reduction follows the replenish- ing of stocks here from the East. Whole Chinese blistering flies are also lower. Alcohol — Due to competition among manufacturers, and lack of business, a reduction is noted, Cologne spirit, 95%, U. S. P., being quoted at $2.68 per gallon by the barrel, and commercial 95%, U. S. P. at $2.64 per gallon, also by the barrel. Camphor — Domestic refiners have lowered their prices and jobbers now quote refined at 55@62c per pound in barrels, and ^-Ib. squares at 56@63c. For powdered, 70@75c per pound is asked, while Japanese has receded to 48@56c per pound. The reduction is ascribed to the efi'ort of refiners to meet the rather vigorous competition of Japanese producers. Ergot — An easier feeling abroad is said to be responsible for the lowering of quotations for Russian, which can now be ob- tained at $1.20@$1.30 per pound for whole, and $1.35@$1.40 for powdered. It is also stated that there is a considerable supply in this market which dealers are trying to move before it begins to deteriorate. Silver Nitrate — A reduction in the price of bar silver is reflected in lower prices for nitrate and oxide, crj-stals of the former being quoted at 40@46c per ounce; fused cones at 45@49c per ounce, and stick (lunar caustic) at 46@49c per ounce; oxide is quoted at $1.05@$1.15 per ounce. Carbolic Acid — Quotations have advanced since our last re- port, and jobbers now ask 50@60c per pound for crj'stals in bulk, and 60@65c for crystals in 1-pound bottles. Difficulty is experienced in London in getting phenol released for export to the U. S., and until some satisfactory arrangements can be ef- fected for the shipment of stated amounts to this market, it is improbable that the article is likely to reach its former lower levels. Oil Lemon — Shipments of this oil continue to arrive from Italian ports, and the market in the absence of an active buying demand, is easier, with quotations marked down to $1.40@?1.55 per pound. Oil Orange— Sweet is easier and obtainable at $1.80@$1.90 per pound. On, Lemongrass — Is inactive and prices have been reduced to $1.35@$1.60. On, Peppermint — The closing of the usual foreign markets to the export of this oil is reflected in the reduction of prices, jobbers now quoting $1.55@$1.65 for both New York, and Western. A large accumulation of stocks is reported, and the general situation is characterized as "weak." Digitalis Lea\-es — In the absence of great demand an easier feeling is reported, and prices have been reduced to 30@35c per pound for German. Arnica Flowers — Notwithstanding this article contn:ues to be reported as subject to the embargo of the German authori- ties, jobbers' prices show a decline to 24@28c per pound There seems to be a sufficient jupplv to meet all demands. Belladonna Leaves— German are slightly lower than the prices reported last month, dealers quoting $1.75@S1.90 per pound. This drug is also reported as being retained on the German embargo list. BucHU Leaves — All varieties show a lower level, quotations being as follows: Long. $1.55@$1.65 for whole, and $1.65@ $1.75 for powdered; short, $1.65@$1.75 for whole, and S1.75@ $1.85 for powdered. Ipecac — Rio still continues in a strong position, and quota- tions have advanced to $3.20@$3.30 per pound for whole, and $3.35@$3.45 for poivdered. Cable .idvices from London show a strong advance in price in that market, uuc to the use of one of its alkaloids, emetine, reported as an efficacious remedy in the treatment of cholera. Guarana — Prices still continue to decline for the reasons given in our last report — the arrival of large supplies here which formerly went to Germany — and jobbers are now quot- ing $1.40@$1.50 per pound for whole, and $1.55@$1.65 for powdered. Guai.vcol- Liquid, U.S.P. is higher, $2.70@2.90 per pound being asked. Revised prices are also given for carbonate, job- bers asking $3.87 per pound, or 30@40c per ounce. Lycopodium — Th- market is <-tronger and quotations have advanced to 80@90c per pound. Ha.\rlem Oil — Reports indicate that but few shipments from Holland have been received in a long time. No dearth of supplies has been noticed in this market, however, and the '.NUARY, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 47 sence of demand has caused a downward revision of prices, )bers quoting S3.20@$3.40 per gross for Dutch. S \FFROK— True Spanish (Valencia) is now offered at :light'.y ver prices than those reported last month, owing to the re- tnishment of stocks. Jobbers quote $13.50@$14.50 per und. American saffron (safflower) is easier at 50@55c r poand. S.\Llcrs* — Is receding somewhat toward former levels and is \v quoted at $4.75@$5 per pound. S.\LOL— Is also lower, 90c^«1.10 per pound being the pre- ihng nuotations. Salicylic Acid — Revised quotations show a recession in ^ices to 88@95c per pound in 1-lb. cartons, and 86@96c in Ik. Thymol— A strong feeling pervades the market which is re- Tted to be almost bare of spot stocks. Nevertlieless quota- )ns show a slight decline from those of last month, $6@$7 r pound being asked. N. Y. K.. D. A. Banquet at Laiirel Garden The New York Retail Druggists' Association will hold its 'jiual banquet and ball at the Laurel garden, 75 East 116th reet, on January 2"ih. Tickets to tlic banquet and ball are I sale at"S2. Tickets to the ball are gratis, and may be se- red from the committee, of which P. Herz, 551 Lexington •enue, is general chairman. Professor Sol. Zaveloff, first vio- list of the :Metropolitan Opera House and his band will again ■ovide the music for the association's annual event. Dancing ill begin at 8.30 P. M. "Walrus Soda Fountain Manual One of the most interesting publications that we have re- ;ived recently is the "Manual" recently issued by the Walrus [fg. Co. of Decatur. 111. It fully describes with illustrations 'ery detail of the Walrus fountains and gives just the infor- ation the buyer of a soda fountain should have, dealing with 'ery part of the fountain in a clear and concise manner. 'Too many buyers of soda fountains are influenced by price id exterior appearance," writes the Walrus Mfg. Co. "Our mtention is, and always has been, that the vital parts of a xla fountain are never looked into by the average buyer, and only learns of their real quality or inferiority from actual {perience. While experience is a splendid teacher, in buying soda fountain it often proves most expensive, and we con- aid that the manufacturer should be able to place before his uyers an insight into every working part of the fountain to- other with an honest and unbiased statement as to the quality f every piece of material that enters into its construction." Copies of this booklet or "Manual" will gladly be sent by the lanufacturers to any prospective buyer of a soda fountain. Arrangement of Drug Stocks The drug trade is indebted to Maurice P. Schwartz for the line and attention that he has given to the subject of arranging rug stocks so as to save space and yet have a place for every- ciing where it can be found quickly when wanted. Mr. Schwartz is a druggist himself. In fact it would be Imost impossible for anyone except a druggist to evolve the ystem which he has perfected. He is now devoting his entire ttention to his drug cabinet business which is run under the 'ame of the Indianapolis Drug Cabinet Co. of Indianapolis, nd. He has recently issued an attractive booklet on "The 'roper Arrangement of the Modem Drug Store" in which are hown handsome reproductions of several leading stores that he las fitted up. Every druggist who is interested in the subject *f saving space and ha\'ing his drug department properly clas- ified should send for a copy of this booklet. The edition is imited but a copy will be sent to any druggist who will men- ion that he read this notice in the Era. Sanatogen Supplies The Bauer Chemical Co. announce that in spite of the Eu- opean hostilities they are able to secure ample supplies of ianatogen; also that their advertising campaign for 1915 is to i)e more aggressive than ever before. While many imported ar- ides have been advanced on account of the European War, Jiere will be no change in the price of Sanatogen. Chick Chick Easter Egg Dyes Fred Fear & Co., of 16 Jay street, Ntw York, announce that their (^hick Chick Easter Egg Dyes will appear in a new package this year and will be something revolutionary in the egg dye business. This, new departure is a re- cent invention which, eliminates tablets and! powders and saves the dealer from having; unsalable goods and mussy packages and stained envelopes left on his hands. As is wellknown, dyes absorb moisture and they must be packaged so as to protect them thoroughly from the atmosphere, and to prevent the sifting out of the powder which so frequently soils the package while the goods are in stock. The Chick Chick Easter Egg Dyes have been on the market for a great many years. They are thoroughly well established, attractive goods, yield a very liberal profit, and druggists should see that their orders are placed early so as to be prepared for the Easter trade. Fred Fear & Co. make a very attractive free offer of window display cut-outs, which is explained by the coupon in their advertisement. Special attention is called to their Combination Envelope, each of which contains eight solid color sheets and 100 beautiful transfer pictures (on six sheets), and which .retails at 5c per envelope. There are 42 envelopes in a handsome display box, which costs $1 and nets the dealer $2.10, a very remunerative profit. Medical Advertising of Interest to Druggists The vast promotion machinery of Parke, Davis & Co. has been set in motion in the interest of the company's line of fluid extracts and tinctures. The merits of the products are being told in page spaces in the medical journals. They are being: proclaimed to physicians by word of mouth by an army of detail representatives. Stress is laid upon the importance to- the practitioner (and to his patient) of specifying the name of a reliable manufacturer when he prescribes a fluid extract or tincture. Parke, Davis & Co. are in a peculiarly advantageous positioa in conducting a campaign of this character. Their persistent advocacy of standardization for more than forty years, their pioneership in both chemical and physiological assay, their un- ceasing work in behalf of scientific medicine, their unequalled manufacturing equipment — these things give them a prestige that is hardly attainable by any other manufacturer in their line. Every prescription druggist knows that all makes of fluid ex- tracts and tinctures are not of equal excellence. Unless these important products are rigidly assayed — unless they are ad- justed to a definite standard of strength — their medicinal worth is a matter of conjecture. This patent truth is being empha- sized to physicians in the advertising and detail work to which reference has been made. The country-wide campaign now in progress will undoubtedly tend to a more general specification of the "P. D. & Co." brand, and the retail druggist should have this thought in mind when he adds to his stock of fluid extracts and tinctures. Another Victory for Pyorrhocide By official decision of the Bureau of Internal Revenue Pyorr- hocide is exempt from the stamp tax under the new Internal Revenue Law. The exemption was granted upon the claimi that Pyorrhocide is not a dentifrice within the meaning of Sche- dule B of the law, but a medicinal preparation used in the treatment and prevention of pyorrhea and related conditions. This official .seal of distinction for Pyorrhocide, substantiates the claim of the manufacturer that it is something more than a dentifrice, for back of every claim made for the preparation is jircsented the experience of more than 40,000 dentists and physicians and thousands of satisfied users. In the new advertisement of the Dentinol & Pyorrhocide Company in this issue, attention is called to the offer of an attractive display cutout and the unique booklet "the Joy of Living" for counter distribution. Just at this time particularly, at the threshold of what promises to be the biggest business, year the country ever saw, a real live btisiness building propo- sition like Pyorrhocide deserves investigation. 48 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [Januaby, 1915 Index to Advertisers, page 48. Index to Goods Advertised, pages 44-47 Index to Text Pages Abstracts, Foreign, 13. Albright & Wood, 37. Alcohol, Getting Rid from Mix- ture, IS. Alkaline Antiseptic, 18. AUendrin, 14. Almaten, 14. Alpers, Dr. W. C, 27. Aqua Laxativa Viennensis, 15. Arsalyte, 14. Associations, Clubs, etc.— American Importers', 32. American Institute, ChemicaJ Engineers, 23. American Pharmaceutical — Chicago Branch, 34. Cincinnati Branch, 34. Detroit Branch, 34. New York Branch, 20. Philadelphia Branch, 34. American Women's Pharm., 22. Cal. Ladies' Auxiliary, 22. Chicago Drug Clerks, 35. Chicago Drug Club, 35. Cincinnati Central Drug Clerks, 34. Cincinnati Drug Club, 30. Drug Trade Conference, 29. Flavoring Extract Mfg., 32. Florida Rexall Club, 35. German Apothecaries, 30, 33. Hartford (Conn.) Druggists, 37. Illinois Pharm., 35. Kentucky Pharm., 35. Kings Co. (N. Y.) Pharm. Soc, 35. Maine Pharmaceutical, 35. Melrose (Mass.) Druggists, 35 Memphis (Tenn.) Drug Club, 32. Mississippi State Ph., 35. National Pharm. Society, 33. New Jersey Pharm., 33. N. Y. Board of Trade, Drug Section, 23. New York Co. Pharm Society, 34. Ohio Valley Druggists, 35. Philadelphia Drug Exchange, 23. Portland (Ore.) Retail D., 35. St. Louis (Mo.) Retail D., 35, 37. Tama Co. (la.) Druggists, 35. Trenton (N. J.) Physicians, 37. Western Pa. Retail D., 35. W. O. N. A. R. D. Boston Chapter, 22. Louisville Chapter, 22. Averbeck Drug Co., 37. Avery, Charles Robert, 28. Ayers, Harry, 42. Babcock's Drug Store, 38. Bath Tablets, Antiseptics, 6. Batteries, Flash Lamps, 18. Boards of Pharmacy, List of Secretaries, 42. Boards of Pharmacy — Illinois, 40. Kansas, 33, 40. Kentucky, 19. New York, 20. Ohio, 40. Pennsylvania, 40. Texas, 40. Becker, Louis A., 33. Bciling, Harry, 26. Bellis, Walter S.. 37. Bergen, T. W., 31. Berry, DeMoville & Co., 39. Bcxton, Edward, 29. Bishop-Babcock-Bccker Co., 33. Bitters, Root and Bark, 16. Blood and Liver Remedy, Laxa- tive, 16. Blood Remedy, 16. Bottle Attachment, Blake's, 43. Bourne's Pharmacy, 38. Bragg, William T., 29. Branch, A. W., 29. Brewer & Co., Inc., 39. Brouwer, James, 29. Bryson, Dr. Adelbert A., 29. Burdock, Harvest, 33. Cannabis, Liquid Combinations, 9. Cassady Drug Store, 39. Cement, China, 18. Chemical Industry, English, Gov't Aid, 10. Chiris Co., Antoine, 31. Cider Essence, Imitation, 18. Clairvoyants, May not Prescribe, 19. Colburn, Dr. John R., 29. Colleges of Pharmacy — Buffalo, 41. Iowa University, 41. Kansas City, 42. New York, 34. Ontario, 42. Philadelphia, 41. Texas University, 42. Collodion, Acetone, 18. Colloidal Systems, Emulsions, 20 Compensation Act, Maryland Druggists Protest, 22. Compensation Act, New York. and Druggists, 4. Co-Operative Syndicate, 32. Cornell Drug Co., 39. Correspondence, 5. Cost Accounting, Chain Store's Ally, 11. Crane, Jerome, A., 26. Culysol, 14. Davis, George R., 29. DesDyrin, 14. DialCiba, 14. Dickenson Drug Co., 37. Diogenal, 14. Drinkwater, Archie H., 28. Drug Store Stock, Sale. Bar- gain, 19. Drug Supply and War, 10. Druggist, Poor, and Why? 9. Druggist, Should be Optimist, 12. Drugs, Cultivation, 10. Drugs, Purgative, Assay, 13. Drugs, Synthetic, 10. Eau laxative de Vienne, 15. Edison, Thomas, 39. Editorials — ■ A Needed Reform, 2. Cutting out the Dead Wood, 4. Index to Volume XLVII, 4. Interest in Imports, 3. Meeting Chain Store Compe- tition, 1. The Late George Merrell, 3. Emulsions as Colloidal Systems, 20. Evans, George B., 27. Falk, Gustav, 38. Fallon, John M., 26. Ferguson, H. Adrian L., 37. Fluoram, 14. Formulas, Selected, 18. Eraser, A. G., 37. French, Harry B., 26. Fritz, Albert, 38. Frv, Ralph, 25. Fuller-Morrisson Corp., 29. Geartman, W. F., 26. Gleason, Frank R., 27. Glycerite Phosphates of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine, 15. Goddard, C. H., 26. Gricscnbeck, Louis F., 29. Grimes Drug Co., 37. Hancc, Edward H., Sr., 28. Harper, Miss Grace Irene, 22. Harrison Antinarcotic Law, 24. Haslach, Jacob V., 28. llausman, W. L., 38. Hediorite, 14. Herbkersman, Miss Alma F., 22. Hewitt, Thomas, 25. Hexanatrine, 14. Horner, Major James B., 28. Howes, L. F., 38. Huber Drug Store, 38. Indican, New Reaction, 13. Infusum Sennae Compositum, 15. Interstate Remedy Co., 38. lodostarin, 14. Irish, Miss Hah, 17. Iron, Dimethyl-glyoxime Reac- tion, 14. Iron-Elarson, 14. Isostrychnine, Action, 13. Jacobs Pharmacy Co., 37. Kantrowitz, Miss Claire, 25. Kinetine, 14. King, George, 28. King, W. D., 38. Knapp Medical Co., 38. Kossat, Charles, 38 Label Holder, 43. Lacey, William H., 29. Lamps, Flash, Batteries, 18. Lanolin Toilet Milk, 23. La Pierre, E. H., 26. Legal Decisions, 19. Liquors, Intoxicating, Searches and Seizures, 19. Liver and Blood Remedy, 16. London Letter, 10. Longstaff, William J., 29. Lotion, Chapped Hands, 18. Ludyl, 14. Lyne, Thomas Veale, 28. Mallory, Ralph J., 27. Mandragora Root, Constituents, 14. Market Report, 45. Measures, Graduated in New York, 33. Mercury Bichloride, Stable So- lutions, 14. !Mercury Cholesterol-oleate, 14. Merrell, George, 27. Methylene Blue, Dose for Cat- tle, 16. Miller, I. F., 26. Monaghan, Dr. Mary, 26. Morphine, Detoxicated, 13. Mouth Wash, Saccharin, C. Neail, E. F., 38. Neohexal, 14. New Incorporations, 41. New Remedies, 14. New Year Resolution, 21. Obituaries, 27. O'Donnell, John, 29. Ointment, Limbering, White, 18. Owl Drug Co., 39. Patents, Germsn, in Great Bri- Patents, Trademarks, etc., 43. Paulcv, Ferdinand C, 29. Pcddic, Charles Baker, 28. Prrla, M., 31. Pharmacopoeia, British, Soon Official, 24. Phenoval, 14. Picrastol, 14. Pills, Gout. 19. Plants, Medicinal, Cultivation, 23. Poison Indicator, Blake's, 43. Poppy Capsules, Morphine Yield, 13. Poultice, Slippery Elm, 18. Powder Divider. New, 43. Proprietors to have an Organ, 5 Prouty, C. E., 28. P. &. S. Aseptic Mfg. Corp., 39. Question Box, IS. Radcliflfe Drug Co., 38. Randall, Raymond, 26. Rapp, William A., 26. Raser, John B., 25. Reif Co., Charles, 31. Registration, Reciprocal, 42. Registration, Reciprocal, Ken- tucky, 19. Rhodoform, 14. Rice, Valentine, 29. Richardson, A. G., 25. Riker-Hegeman Co., 37, 38. Riker & Son Co., W. B., 26. Robinson, James S., 25. Rothenburg, Louis, 28. Rupp, Louis P., 29. Rupprecht, Joseph, 29. Sandmeyer, A. L., 33. Sauer, Miss Leafy A., 21. Scattergood, William, 28. Schneider, William, 28. Seignette's Salt, 15. Serums and Vaccines, Effect of War, 10. Shampoo Powder, 18. Shaving Cream, 18. Shaving Paste, Collapsible Tubes, 12. Sleep, Twilight, 13. Smith, Leonard, 29. Snow, Asa H., 28. Soap, Liquid, 16. Soap, Soft, Transparent, 15. Soap, Surgical, 18. Sodium Mercuro-Nucleinate, 14. Solution, Alkaline Antiseptic, 13. Solution Hydrogen Peroxide, 15. Soya Bean, Urease Enzyme, 3 3. Standards, Drug, Deviation Per- missible, 36. Stamp Tax and Manufacturers, 5. Starks, Richard S.. 29. Stearns & Co., Fred'k, 39. Stillman, Elisha C, 25. Stillwell, Dr. Walter C, 28. Stills, Revenue Tax, 32. Sunday Closing, Drug Stores, Summers, J. D., 38. Sutton, James D., 39. Sykcs Pharmacy Co., 38. Tablets, Disintegrating, 14. Taylor, Merle H., 26. Teeth, Filling Root Canals, 15. Thomas, Edward J., 25. Thompson, Frank, 31. Thompson, Mrs. R. L., 17. Thurman, Perry, 37. Tincture Cinchona, .■\ssay, 14. Tobacco. Oral Prophylaxis, 13. Tooth Paste, 18. Tooth Powder, Peruvian, 6. Tooth Wash, for Gums after Extraction, 6. Truax-Greene Co., 38. United Drug Stores Co.. 37. United Stores Drug Co. Inc., 31. Urease, Enzyme, 30. Van Dorn, M. C. 27. Vienna Draught, 15. Vineberg, Dr. O. V., 29. Waldorf, George, 26. War causes Loss to Science, 5. Waterman, William Lewis, 29. Weed Killer, 19. Weiss, Moses, 36. Wetzel, Charles, 38. ' Whitewash Powder, 4. Whitney. Edson B.. 2S. Who is Getting this Trade, 21. Whyte, Hilson H., 26. Wiener Trank, 15. Wilson, Benjamin O., 28. Wisconsin Pharm. Co., 38. Women in Pharmacy, 21. Woodward, William F., 26. Wootcn & Baird. 38. Wurstcr Bros., 38. Vahr & Langc Drue Co., 39. Yorston, Matthew, M., 27. W ^ ESTABUSHED 1887 miHitSiiiiiiiii ^iTHE PHARMACEUTICAL R 1 AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY PUBLICATION FOR THE DRUG TRADE | Vol. XLVIIl New York, March, 1915 No. 3 The Pharmaceutical Era. PUBLISHED ON THE FIRST OF EACH MONTH. 0. O. Haynes & Co. . . . Publishers No. 3 Park Place, New York Telephone, 7646 Barclay. Cable Address, "Era, New York." SUBSCRIPTION RATES: Single Copies, IS cents. D mestic Rates to U.S., Cuba, Hawaii, Porto Rico, the Philippines and Mexico $1.00 a year 10 foreign Countries in Postal Union 2.00 a year The Era Price List with Subscription, 50c. a Copy. PRICES INCLUDE POSTAGE AND PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. REMIT by P.O. or Express Order or New York Draft payable to order of D. O. Haynet & Co. Add 10 cents for collection charges if you send local check. Published at No. 3 Park Place, Borough of Manhattan, New York, by D. O. Haynes & Co., a corporation: President and treas- urer, D. O. Haynes; vice-president, E. J. Kennedy; secretary, N. W. Haynes. Address of Officers is No. 3 Park Place, New York. Entered at the New York Post-Office as Second-class Matter. Copyright, 1914, by D. O. Eaynes & Co. All rights reserved. Title Registered in the United States Patent Office. Table of Contents. Editorl\l .vn'd Pharmaceutical Pages 97-120 Editorials 97-100 Correspondence 100 Full Te.xt of Harrison Narcotic Law, Regulations, Supplementary Decisions, and List of Prepa- rations 101-113 Question Box 114 Foreign .Abstracts 116 Women in Pharmacy 117 .\dvance of Women in Pharmacy and ."Miied Pro- fessions 119 Legal Decisions 120 News and Tr.-\de Section Pages 121-145 Mostly Personal 121-122 Obituaries 123 Manufacturers of Medicinal Products Meet 125 New Co-Operative Concern Launched 126 Meyer Bros. Drug Co. Fails 127 Wm. S. Merrell Chemical Co. elects Officers .... 127 .\ssociation, Clubs, etc 128 From the Business Field 133 Rooks Reviewed 136 Frederick Steams & Co.'s 60th Anniversary 138 Patents, Trademarks, etc ' 1,39-140 I Drug Markets 141-143 Trade Notes, etc 144-145 INDEX TO ADVERTISERS Page 35 INDE.X TO GOODS ADVERTISED Pages 36 38 ; INDEX TO RE.\DING PAGES Page 146 THE HARRISON ANTI-N-ARCOTIC LAW In its application to the drug trade one is quite safe in saying that the so-ealled Harrison Anti- narcotic law, in matter of detail, is the most im- portant legislation ever enacted in this country. The passage of the Federal Food and Drugs Act, it is true, eifected many changes, some of them possibly revolutionary in so far as trade practices were concerned, but that law embraced many general principles which, when once understood, could be applied without very much attention to detail. In fact if a food or drug is labeled or sold for what it really is, the provisions of the law, at least in theory, are supposed to be satisfied. But in its prohibition and multiplicity of detail, al- though relating to the sale of but two drugs and their various combinations, the anti-narcotic law, now in operation, directly concerns every indi- vidual as it makes the possession of the proscribed drugs unless the possession comes under ceTtain provisions, presumptive evidence of a violation of the act. In a greater degree, however, it imposes upon every person who produces, imports, manu- factures, compounds, sells, distributes or gives away any of the drugs, certain obligations, which, in the matter of detail, have never been exceeded in the history of drug legislation in this country. The suppression of improper traffic in habit- forming drugs is most desirable, and the senti- ment of the American people is justly reflected in the efforts that have been made to attain this ob- ject, but whether the present law without further modification will accomplish this, remains to be seen. Already many apparent incongruities have appeared and some impossibilities. For instance, where is the retail druggist who can tell with any degree of certainty whether all of his stock of proprietary medicines, — at least that portion he may have carried along for years — contains any of the proscribed drugs? Of course, analysis might help him to determine this fact, but even this is a practical and financial impo.ssibility. In fact, in many instances it would be cheaper for him to throw this entire part of his stock into the scrap heap than it would be for him to attempt to de- termine his responsibilities in connection there- with. Again, the law is primarily a revenue measure, and as such carries with it provisions for the 98 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [March, 1915 mual array of officials and inspectors to see that its provisions are enforced. But when one comes to consider that these officials must be paid, it would seem that the revenue to be provided by the registration fees — $1 per year from, say 400,000 individuals — will prove entirely inadequate. But this is only one phase of legislation which carries with it opportunities for the appointment of an army of officials whose work is not always com- mensurate with the expense involved. Simplifica- tion in the actual working machinery of the law in this direction will no doubt come in time. The principal duty of the pharmacist at this time, however, is not to endeavor to find flaws or shortcomings in the law, but to acquaint himself with its provisions so that he shall have as com- pletely as possible a clear understanding of his privileges and responsibilities. In the first place, he must register with the collector of internal revenue for his district and pay the special tax, a requirement that is exacted of every physician, dentist, veterinary surgeon and all persons manu- facturing or dealing in any way in the proscribed drugs. In his professional or commercial rela- tions with the individuals named, in so far as they relate to the compounding or sale of such drugs, the pharmacist is required to know that he is dealing with persons who are duly qualified and registered. Prescriptions for these drugs cannot be refilled or given over the telephone', and pre- scriptions written by physicians, dentists or veteri- nary surgeons who have not registered or whose prescriptions do not mieet the requirements set forth in the law must in no case be filled. Nor can druggists deliver to physicians, dentists or veterinarians any of such drugs except on an order made on an official form. As we see it the greatest difficulty the druggist will encounter is that pertaining to keeping his records, which include the inventory, prescriptions or orders filled, and the record of sales other than those made upon the prescription of a duly regis- tered physician. To use the language of the Com- missioner of Internal Revenue in a decision just issued and containing supplemental instructions regarding inventories, "no special form is re- quired, but the inventory made must fully and clearly set forth the quantity of each kind of such drugs, preparations, or remedies so held," etc. To "fully and clearly" understand the magnitude of the initial task of this work one only has to turn to the enumeration of preparations covered by the law in another part of this issue of the Era. Of course, but very few stores are likely to carry in stock all of the goods so listed, and to this ex- tent the clerical labor will be somewhat simplified. But how about those remedies in stock (•(in('(M-]iintr which the druggist has no information .' Sliniil common carriers engaged in transporting such drugs: Provided further. That it shall not be neces- sary to negative any of the aforesaid exemptions in any complaint, information, indictment, or other writ or proceeding laid or brought under this Act ; and the burden of proof of any such exemption shall be upon the defendant. Sec. 9. That any person who violates or fails to comply with any of the requirements of this Act shall, on conviction, be fined not more tlian .$2,000 104 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [March, 1915 or be imprisoned not more than five years, or both, in the discretion of the court. Sec. 10. That the Commissioner of Internal Reve- nue, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treas- ury, is authorized to appoint such agents, deputy collectors, inspectors, chemists, assistant chemists, clerks, and messengers in the field and in the Bureau of Internal Revenue in the District of Columbia as may be necessary to enforce the provisions of this Act. Sec. 11. That the sum of $150,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, be, and hereby is, appropriated, out of any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the purpose of carrying into effect the provisions of this Act. Sec. 12. That nothing contained in this Act shall be construed to impair, alter, amend, or repeal any of the provisions of the Act of Congress approved June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and six, entitled "An Act for preventing the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded, or poisonous, or deleterious foods, drugs, medicines, and liquors, and for regulating traffic therein, and for other purposes," and any amendment thereof, or of the Act approved February ninth, nineteen hundred and nine, entitled "An Act to prohibit the importation and use of opium for other than medicinal purposes," and any amendment thereof. REGULATIONS Under the authority conferred by section 1 of the above-quoted act, the following regulations are issued : Eeg-istry and Payment of Special Tax. Article 1. As required by section 1 of said act, every person, partnership, association, company, or -corporation therein described, and not specifically •exempt, must, on or before the first day of March, 1915, register with the collector of the district, and must at the time of such registry, and on or before the first day of July in each year thereafter, pay to such collector a special tax at the rate of $1 per annum.! If the applicant (other than a physician, dentist, or veterinarian) has more than one place of busi- ness, or if, in any case, the applicant is engaged in more than one profession or business where any of the drugs above described are made, stored, or dispensed, a separate application for registry must be made, and a special tax must be paid, in each such case. Art. 2. Application for registry, and for the necessary special tax stamps will be in the follow- ing form,2 blanks of which form should be ob- tained from the collector of the district. FORM 678— OPIUM. ETC. APPLICATION FOR REGISTRY, AND FOR SPECIAL TAX STAMP. (Act of Congress approved Dec. 17, 1914.) 1 The special tax imposed for the period M.ar. 1, 1915 to Tune 30, 1915 (the close of the special tax year), will be 34 cents. Remittances for special taxes should be made in currency, money order, or certified check on a National or State bank. 2 For convenience, and to conform to other requirements of law relatitiR to special taxes, made applicable by this act, the ap- plication for registry and special tax stamps is here combined. Location Registry No ~| State of Name or style of applicant I County of I Town or city of J Street and No TO COLLECTOR OF INTERNAL REVENUE, District of SIR: The undersigned, under the above name or style, and at the place above designated, is now engaged, or intends to engage in the * Pursuant to an act of Congress, approved December 17, 1914, application is hereby made for registration under said act, and for a special tax stamp for the special tax year ending June 30, 191... By (In case of a firm, or corpora- tion, to be signed by the prin- cipal member or officer). Subscribed and sworn to before me this day oT 191 [SEAL] Art. 3; Applications in the form above pre- scribed when received by collectors, will be given a registry number, commencing with No. 1 in each district for the first application, and continuing in serial order as subsequent applications are filed. The registry number thus given each original ap- plication vrill be a permanent registry number for all renewal applications, and wdll be entered on all blank orders (art. 8) issued to the applicant. All applications for registry will, on payment of the special tax imposed, be recorded alphabetically by classes in special record 10A., to be providecJ for that purpose. Special Tax Stamps Art. 4. Appropriate coupon stamps, denoting payment of the special tax under the act named, will be furnished collectors on requisition, and will be charged to them and accounted for as in the case of other special tax stamps. Sale and Disposal of Drugs. Art. 5. Where any of the drugs referred to in section 1 of the act are to be sold or otherwise dis- posed of, the purchaser or receiver (unless speci- fically exempt under section 2 of the act) ^\-ill. prior to such purchase or receipt, issue his order therefor and in the form prescribed in article 8 of these regulations. Art. 6. Blanks of such order forms will be printed on distinctive paper and will be issued in tablets or books of 10 blanks each, and a charge for such blanks (including original and duplicate) will be made at the rate of $1 per hundred, a.": authorized by section 2 of the act, and will be so accounted for by collectors to whom the same are furnished. Such blank orders must in all cases be procured from the collector of the district by persons using the same, but no requisition therefor will be ac cepted by collectors unless made by persons whc * Here state business, or occupation or profession, as th< "practice of medicine," or the "practice of dentistry," or "prac tice of veterinary medicine and surgery," or the "importatioi and sale of drugs coming under the operation of the act," the "manufacture and sale of drugs coming under the operatic: of the act," or the "sale and distribution at retail of drugs com ing under the operation of the act." If intended for analytic* laboratory or hospital, so state. "March, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 105 aave duly registered (art. 2) and who have paid the special tax as required by h\w ; and, in such ?ases, only where the collector is satisfied that such blanks will be used for no unlawful purpose. In addition to the special record lOA., provided for in article 3, collectors will keep a record or ac- count of the number of such order forms sold by them, the name of each purcha.ser, and the number Wd to each, as required by section 2 of said act. Art. 7. Requisitions for such bhinks will be in 'the following form ; and. in filling such requisitions, ■the collector will cause the registry number and -name of the applicant to be stamped on each blank "issued by him. Adjustable name and numbering stamps will be supplied collectors for this purpose. Form 679.— OPIUM, ETC. Registry No ' REQUISITION FOR BLANK ORDERS. I (Act of Congress, approved Dec. 17, 1914) TO COLLECTOR OF INTERNAL REV'ENUE, t District of 191—. I SIR: Requisition is hereby made for' blank order- forms, to be used solely in connection with the business, or for - the purpose, set forth in my (or our) application for registry, filed in your office pursuant to an act of Congress, approved ' December 17, 1914. (In case of a firm or company, I to be also signed by a mem- ^ ber, or principal officer.) [Art. 8. Upon receipt of such requisitions by collectors the same will be compared with the ap- plications for registry', if filed, before the blank orders called for are issued. Such blank orders will be in the following form: District of ) Registry No (») ' The registry number must in all cases be filled in by the ! applicant. I 'The number to be here stated will be 10 or a multiple of 10. •To be filled in by collector, t: ORDER FOR OPIUM, ETC. [; (Act of Congress, approved Dec. 17, 1914.) ] To Please ship goods by , as follows; Specific description of articles. ' | Quantity. | (•) I Art. 9. The above order must be prepared in duplicate, the duplicate of which will be retained by the maker. If accepted, the law requires all such orders (both original and duplicate) to be re- tained on file for a period of two years, and in such a way as to be readily accessible to the inspecting officers. Persons accepting such orders, therefore, will file the same in their numerical order, i. e., according to their registry numbers as to each collec- tion district. ' Here give trade name of drugs. 'This space to be reserved for use of the person filling the order, for any purpose desired by him. •Here give full name, business or profession, with full address. Dispensing of Drugs by Physicians, Dentists, or Veterinary Surgeons. Art. 10. Under the exempting provisions of sec- tion 2 of the act, no written order is required for the "dispensing or distribution of any of the afore- said drugs to a patient by a physician, dentist, or veterinary surgeon, registere(i under this act, in the course of his professional practice only." A record, however, is required to be kept of all such drugs so dispensed or distributed (except such as may be dispensed or distributed to a patient, upon whom such physician, dentist, or veterinary surgeon shall personally attend — i. e., personally visit) and must show : 1. The date when any such drug is dispensed or distributed ; 2. The kind and quantity dispensed or distributed in each case; and 3. The name and residence of the patient to whom such drug was dispensed or distributed. [For form of prescriptions, see Art. 12.] The record so kept must be preserved for a period of two years from the date of dispensing or dis- tributing, and will be subject to inspection as pro- vided in section 5 of the act. Each physician, dent- ist, and veterinary surgeon must supply himself with a suitable blank book for such record. Drugs Dispensed Under Prescription. Art. 11. A like exemption to that above noted is made as to drugs dispensed or distributed under and in pursuance of a written prescription issued by a physician, dentist, or veterinary surgeon, duly registered under this act. But all such prescriptions covering such drugs, not specifically exempt by sec- tion 6 of the act, must be dated and signed as of the day when issued; must be preserved for a period of two years from the time when filled, and must be readily accessible to the inspecting ofifieers above referred to. A separate file of all such prescriptions should therefore be kept by each druggist or apothecary filling the same, but such prescriptions may be numbered consecutively with other prescriptions received. Unless so filed a record must be kept .showing : 1. The file number given to each prescription filled : 2. The name of the physician or surgeon signing the same; and 3. The name of the person for whom such pre- scription is filled. Druggi.sts must furnish their own record books for this purpo.se. Art. 12. Under the authority conferred by sec- tion 1 of the act named, for the issuing of regula- tions necessary for carrying the provisions of the act into effect, physicians and surgeons writing any such prescriptions are hereby required to sign their name in full to the same, to state therein their registry number and the location of their office, and the name and address of the person for whom .such prescriptions are written. Druggists and apothecaries must refuse to fill any such pre- scription unless signed as herein required; nor 106 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [IVIarch, 1915 must prescriptions for such drugs be filled by any druggist or apothecary, if he has reason to suspect that it was fraudulently issued or obtained. The dispensing of such drugs by druggists or apothecaries, except on physician's original pre- scriptions, or on original orders issued to persons who have duly registered, will be in violation of the act. Refilling of prescriptions or orders is therefore prohibited. Inventories. Art. 13. Every person, firm, or company dis- pensing directly to consumers any of the drugs herein referred to will, on the 1st day of March, 1915, prepare and keep on file an inventory of all such drugs (other than preparations or remedies specially exempt under the provisions of section 6 of the act) on hand at that date. No special form of inventory is here required, but the inven- tory made must fully and clearly set forth the quan- tity of each kind of such drugs, preparations or remedies so held, and must be verified by oath not later than the 5th day of March, 1915. Sworn Statements Art. 14. Section 3 of the act provides: That any person who shall register in any internal-revenue district under the provisions of section 1 of this act shall, when- ever required to do so by the collector of the district, render to the said collector a true and correct statement or return, verified by affidavit, setting forth the quantity of the aforesaid drugs received by him in said internal-revenue district during such period immediately preceding the demand of the collector, not exceeding three months, as the said collector may fix and determine ♦ ♦ ♦. Under the authority thus granted collectors will require such sworn statements in all cases where, from the number of order blanks obtained by any person, or from the character of the business car- ried on, he has reason to suspect that any of the drugs referred to are being procured, compounded, or disposed of by such person for illegal purposes, and in such other cases as he may think it advis- able. Art. 15. The request for such statement and the statements to be furnished in such cases will be made on the following form: FORM 680— OPIUM, ETC. REQUEST FOR STATEMENT AS TO RECEIPT, ETC., OF CERTAIN DRUGS SPECIFIED IN ACT OF CONGRESS APPROVED DECEMBER 17, 1914. OFFICE OF COLLECTOR, District of , 191.. To Pursuant to the provisions of section 3 of an act of Congress relating to the purchase, sale, or disposal of certain drugs, ap- proved December 17, 1914, you are hereby requested to furnish me on or before the day of , 191 , with a true and correct statement, verified by affidavit, of the quantity of each and all such drugs received by you in this district since , 191 giving the names of the per- sons from whom the said drugs were received, the quantity in each instance received from each such person, and the date when received. The statement here called for will be prepared and submitted on the return form hereto annexed. Collector. Statement showing the quantity of certain drugs received by , in the district of , being first duly sworn, states that ■the following is a full and true statement of the quantity and the kind of drugs, described in the act of Congress approved December 17, 1914, received by him (or his firm or company) in the 191 to 191....: Date of receipt. From whom received. Address. Particular description of drug. Quantity received. Subscribed and sworn to before me this day of 191 [SEAL.] • In case of a firm or corporation, the foregoing statement must be made by a member or officer, who should sign as such. DTJTIES OF OFFICERS. Art. 16. It will be the duty of agents and other inspecting officers appointed under the provisions of section 10 of the act named to visit at irregular intervals the premises of all persons, firms, or com- panies registering under said act, or where they have reason to believe drugs of the character de- fined in the act are stored, and to see that all re- quirements of the act and these regulations are strictly complied with. They will, under the au- thority conferred by sections 2 and 5 of the act, inspect and, when necessary, verify such records, orders, prescriptions, statements, or returns made or received, and at once report for prosecution any violations of the law discovered by them. Where suspected drugs are found on the premises of manufacturers or dealers who have not regis- tered, samples of the same should be procured and forwarded to the laboratory in the office of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue for analysis. Art. 17. Investigations here ordered made in a perfunctory manner will in no instance be tol- erated, and any officer or employee who is found to be negligent or inefficient in the discharge of his duties will be reported to this office for discipline. It is not expected, however, that officers and em- ployees will conduct their investigations in such manner as to annoy or interfere unnecessarily with the business of persons preparing or handling the aforementioned drugs. Officers in making their investigations should keep this clearly in mind. They will, however, see that the law and regula- tions are faithfully complied with in every in- stance ; and it wili be the duty of every person engaged in this business to afford all necessary facilities to such inspecting officers. W. H. OSRORX. Commissioner of Internal Revenue. Approved : W. G. McAdoo, Secretary of the Trcasitry. Wijs's Iodine Solution Dubovitz points out an error usually found in the directions for preparing Wijss iodine solution for the determination of the iodine number of fats and oils. This solution should con- tain in one liter 7.8 g. of iodine trichloride and 8.5 g. of iodine, instead of 9.4 g. of iodine trichloride and 7.2 g. of iodine. This error has b»en repeated -n practically all textbooks. March, 1915] THE PHAKMACEUTICAL ERA 107 Supplemental Decisions The following supplemental decisions and amendments have been issued by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue : Penalties for Failure to Register (T. D. 2144) "All the laws relating to assessment and collection of other special taxes provided by this act (sec. 7) the same rule re- garding the 50 per cent penalties will apply to the tax im- posed by this act as in the case of other special taxes. How- ever, any person who has not registered on or before March 1, 1915, and on or before July 1 of each year thereafter, and who has in his possession or under his control any of the drugs mentioned in this act, will be held to have incurred the penal- ties imposed by section 9 of the act, subject to the provisions of section 3229, Revised Statutes." Supplemental Instructions on Inventories (T.D. 2148) "To secure inventories of all drugs specified in the act of December 17, 1914, held by producers, importers, and whole- sale dealers, as well as by tliose dispensing and such drugs 'directly to consumers', article 13 of Regulations 35, of Jan. 15, 1915, is hereby amended so as to read as follows; "Art. 13. Every person, firm, or company importing, pro- ducing, selling, or dispensing any of the drugs herein re- ferred to will, on the 1st. day of March, 1915, prepare and keep on file an inventory of all such drugs (other than pre- parations or remedies specially exempt imder the provisions oT section 6 of the act) on hand at that date. No special form of inventory is here required, but the inventory made must fully and clearly set forth the quantity of each kind of such drugs, preparations, or remedies so held, and must be verified by oath not later than the 5th day of March, 1915". Definition of Wholesale & Retail Dealers (T.D. 2157) "For the purpose of enforcing the Harrison antinarcotic law persons selling to or through dealers will be regarded as wholesale dealers, and those persons selling directly to phy- sicians or dispensing on physicians' prescriptions will be re- garded as retail dealers. A druggist making an accommo- dation sale to another druggist will be regarded as a retail dealer". "External" Defined "The word 'e-xtemal' as used in section 6 of the Harrison antinarcotic law, is not construed by this office to apply to any liniment, ointment, or other preparation containing drugs not specifically exempt by law, used for oral, nasal, aural, ocular, rectal, urethral or vaginal administration. A catarrh remrdv, therefore, containing 2'A grains of powdered opium in each ounce, is not e.xempt under this law". Refilling Prescriptions The word 'refileing' in article 12 of Regulations No. 35, should read 'refilling'. The interpretation placed on section 6 ... .is that a prescription containing not more than 2 grains of opium, or more than one-fourth of a grain of morphine, or more than one-eighth grain of heroin, or more than 1 grain of codein, or any salt or derivative of any of them in 1 fluid ounce, or, if a solid or semi-solid preparation, in 1 avoirdu- pois ounce, may be refilled, and that prescriptions containing amounts in e.rcess of the above mentioned quantitv cannot be^ refilled. "The U. S Pharmacopoeia standard will govern the Com- mis-sioner's office in its decisions as to whether or not a preparation or remedy is exempt under the law". Novocain. Holocain, Orthoform or Anaesthesin From the Farbwerke-Hoechst Co., New York; "We beg to state that none of our products come under the scope of this law. Possibly there will be some who will think that novocain, holocain, orthoform or anaesthesin are included, but we are advised by our counsel that such is not the case. Novocain, which is regarded by many as a sub- stitute for cocain. has no chemical relation to it whatever, and is without the pale of the law in that it is non-habit forming, non-istimulating and non-exhilarating, and resembles cocain onK- in its local anaesthetizing powers. Therefore neither novocain nor any other of our products will be sold under the restrictions of the Harrison anti-narcotic law". In reply to an inquiry seeking for information relating to the status of these and similar compounds, Acting Commis- sioner David A. Gates of die Internal Revenue Department writes under date of Feb. 10 as follows; . . . "You are advised that the Harrison antinarcotic law does cover synthetic substitutes for cocaine and such synthetic substitutes must be accounted for as provided for other drugs coming within the scope of this law". To a telegram of in- quiry concerning novocain specifically, sent by the same cor- respondent. Commissioner of Internal Revenue W. H. Osborne replied under date of Feb. 12 as follows; "Novocain, being a synthetic substitute for cocaine, is not exempted from the provisions of the Harrison narcotic law." In this connection The Era has received from one of its subscribers the following interesting letter: "In the Internal Revenue Regulations No. 35, page 8, there occurs a passage, 'or alpha 'or beta-eucain or any of the salts or any synthetic substitutes.' It does not say derivatives. "A substitute in the generally accepted sense, is something which either exactly or nearly takes the place of something else in point of utility. From its systemic or physiological action one might say that as an anaesthetic eucain is a sub- stitute for cocaine, and that stovain, novocain, holocain, alypin are used similarly. "There is euphthalmin, a mandelic acid substitution product of beta-eucain. The fact that the term substitution product is used to indicate its mode of manufacture, does not stamp it a substitute. It is not a substitute in the commonly under- stood sense, as euphthalmin, though coming from eucain, possesses no anaesthetic properties whatsoever, and is employed as a mydriatic. "There are, furthermore, two other produ.;ts — orthoform and anaesthesin, of weak' anaesthetic properties, comparatively harmless, and effective only when applied by insufflation or other suitable means to exposed nerve ends. "The question at issue, if any of these products, alypin, holocain, stovain, euphthalmin, anaesthesin and orthoform were ordered sent, would the wholesale dealer be required to demand such order on the official Federal order blank?" (Under the above opinion as expressed by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, it would appear that the substances named do come within the provisions of the law, and that druggists cannot legally procure them from wholesalers except on an official form furnished by the collector of Internal Revenue. — Ed, ) . Record Kept by Physician "You ask for a ruling as to the record required to be kept of drugs coming within the scope of the Harrison antinarcotic law, dispensed or distributed by physicians, etc.?" Acting Commissioner Dayid O. Gates replies as follows; "You are advised tliat this office holds that where a physi- cian personnally visits a patient away from his office, and dispenses or distributes any of the drugs or preparations fall- ing within the scope of the law, it is not necessary for him to keep a record of the drugs or preparations so distributed or dispensed, provided the physician is duly registered. A record is required to be kept of only those drugs and preparations coming within the law, dispensed or distributed by a physician, dentist, or veterinary surgeon in his office." RULING ON CHEWING GUM Washington, D. C, Feb. 16. — No chewing gum that is not actually flavored with fruit should be labeled as if it were, according to a recent opinion published in the Service and Reg- ulatory Announcements of the Bureau of Chemistry. Chewuix gum, the labels on which declare that it is flavored with, frait when such is not the fact, will be regarded as adult'irated and misbranded within the meaning of the Food and Drugs Act. In the same way the term "fig paste" should no longei be ap- plied to any form of confectionery in which figs are not the principal flavoring. In another opinion the bureau declares that where stock labels — labels designed and printed by label companies and sold to manufacturers and dealers — are used, the responsibility for seeing that the product conforms to the labels rests upon the dealers and not upon the label concerns. This question came up in connection with the use on packages of South American coffee of labels indicating that they contained an Arabian or Mocha product. 108 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [March, 1915 Preparations Exempted and Affected by Harrison Law With Digest showing application of Act — Druggists Must keep Records — Penalties for Violations Any list of drugs and preparations affected by the Har- rison Narcotic Law at this time must be necessarily incom- plete, but in our endeavor to make the following compilation as comprehensive as possible, The Era wired the Commis- sioner of Internal Revenue, Washington, D. C, for any in- formation he could supply that would make the list more complete. His telegram reply is self-explanatory ; Washington, Feb. 27, 1915. The Pharmaceutical Era, New York: Impracticable at this time to furnish list request- ed as there are several preparations the character of which is in doubt and matter still under considera- tion. (Signed) Gates, Acting Commissioner. For the convenience of druggists the following list has been compiled and contains, 1st, the names of official preparations exempted by the law, and 2nd, the names of all drugs and preparations that have been reported to us by manufacturers up to February 23. It is Not Complete, and several addi- tions may be expected. The necessity of thoroughly understanding the law is most important, for in its application the law applies to the pro- duction, importation, manufacture, compounding, sale, dis- pensing or giving away of Opium or Coca Leaves, their salts, derivatives or preparations. It does Not apply to preparations which contain two grains or less of Opium, or ^ grain or less of Morphine, or Ys grain or less of Heroin, or 1 grain or less of Codeine, or any salt or derivative of any of them in one fluid ounce ; or, if a solid, in one avoirdupois ounce. Neither does it apply to Liniments, Ointments or other preparations which are prepared for ex- ternal use only, except liniments which contain Cocaine or any of its salts or alpha or beta-eucaine or any of their salts or any synthetic substitute for them. Druggists cannot procure any of the drugs not exempted by the law except on an official form furnished by the Collector of Internal Revenue. These orders must be made in duplicate, the original to accompany the order, the duplicate to be re- tained two years and to he open to the inspection of Federal, State and Municipal authorities. Druggists can only sell to the public on the original pre- scription of a legally licensed physician, dentist or veterinary physician who has registered according to law with the Col- lector of Internal Revenue. The presc i ijition must be in writing, dated the day isued, bear the |i,ilii iit'^ iKiiiie and ad- dress, be for a definite quantity, and sit^iird l,y iln; physician, dentist or veterinary with his full nanii-, aflchcss and registry number. Every prescription must comply with these require- ments and must be iireservcd for two years. Druggists can furnish the prescribed drugs to physicians, dentists or veterinary surgeons for their personal or office use only on official forms, and no verbal or telephone orders are permissible. A list of regi-it'ir.l ).liysi. i;in.<. flentists and vi-t'-i iiii r\- sur- geons can be 0llt:iilM.l fcilli ill.' Coll.Tlor of lutein, ll RrNMllh for the guidance of tin- dnit^uist at the rate of $1 pri- 1 i.li 1 names. No physician, dcnti.-^t or vcterinaiy p1i\n1, iin. r\. n though he may be a reputable practitioner of tu tu\ \rars' standing, is officially competent to i.ssue pres. ni i| i.uis for the drugs included in the law, mili ss he has duly rcf;isti rr.l. The preparation of inventories, which must include all pre- parations and proprietaries coming within the scope of the iaw. has been explained on another page, and the importance of this record cannot be over-emphasized, for the record of stock on hand must balance with the amounts bought and sold. If correctly kept it will furnish practically conclusive evidence as to the manner in which each individual druggist has com- plied with the requirements of the law. Two books are ob- viously necessary for keeping the records required by the law and for this purpose the Era has pre- pared for the use of manufacturers, importers, drug- gists, etc., an "Opium and Coca Purcha.se and Sales Register" which will enable the various individuals concerned to keep a clear record of their purchases and sales, also their inventories of stock coming under the provisions of the act. To meet the requirements for the druggist's prescription record, the ''Er.\ Opium and Coca Register ' is recommended. It is a specially ruled and printed book for recording the number of the prescription, the name of the physician or surgeon, and the name of the person for whom such prescription is filled, this data being specifically required by the regulations of all druggists who do not use the alternative method of keeping a separate tile of such narcotic prescriptions, .\gain we repeat, it is most important that all druggists and dealers should have a clear and complete record of these transactions which they can present when called upon by inspectors or if unfortunately they should be compelled to appear in court. The law is an Internal Revenue measure and the Govern- ment authorities are not likely to overlook any infractions of the same, while the penalties provided for violations — a fine of not more than $2000, or imprisonment not to exceed five years, or both — are sufticiently severe in themselves to serve as a deterrent. EXAMINE YOUR LABELS In the preparation of inventories druggists will find on the labels of all proprietary and other reme- dies the necessary information in the declaration required by the Federal Food and Drugs Act as to Opium, Morphine, or Cocaine content, needed for them to determine whether a given preparation comes within the provisions of the Harrison Anti- narcotic Law or not. The absence of such a declara- tion in most cases may be taken as presumptive evi- dence that the preparation contains no narcotics, or that the preparation was manufactured previous to the enactment of the Food and Drugs Act. No proprietary which contains more than 2 grains of opium, I/4 grain of morphine, ig grain of heroin, 1 grain of codeine or any salt or derivative of any of them in one fluid ounce or avoirdupois ounce can be legally sold except on the order of a duly regis- tered physician. To exempt their preparations from the provisions of the Narcotic Law, various proprie- tary manufacturers have announced changes in their formulas, and we would suggest that druggists communicate direct with such manufacturers for the necessary information. In all cases examine the labels of your stock. OFFICIAL PREPARATIONS EXEMPTED The followinc: official prepara- tions contain diunni. iiinr|)|iin(\ codeine, etc., but not in sni'ilcimt quantity to rcciuiin; ii pliysician "s prescription or the special order blank, when purchased or sold or when dispensed by a physician or a pharmacist: U.S.P. PREPARATIONS Camplioialr,] •liiuturc of (^jiium 1" plains o|>iuin ill fl. OUnCe ( 'oiiilioiind MiMurc of Glycyrrhiza "JIN lain in fl. ounce (.punii I'la.lir N. F. PREPARATIONS Acid Camiihor Mixture 0.54 grain opium in fl. ounce Antiperiodic Tincture (Warburg's Tine.) 0.114 grain opium in fl. ounce Carminative Mixture — Dalby's l-'/i grains opium in fl. ounce Compound Elixir of Tar 0.16 grain morphine in fl. ounce Compound Liniment Opium Compound Syrup of Morphine 0.25 grain in fl. ounce Compound Syrup of White Pine 0.23 grain morphine in fl. ounce Elixir of Terpin Hydrate with Codeine 1 grain codeine in fl. ounce March, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 109 Jackson's Pectoral or Cough Syrup 0.25 grain morphine hy'd'chld in fl. oz. ViLxture of Sassafras and Opium 1.6 grains opium in fl. ounce Pectoral Tincture 2 grains opium in fl. ounce otokes" E.xpectorant 0.319 grain opium in fl. ounce , Mixture of Magnesia and Asafetida (Dewees" Carminative) 0.456 grain opium in fl. ounce Troches of Morphine and Ipecac 0.7 grain in av. ounce OFFICIAL DRUGS AND PREPARATIONS Restricted by the Opium and Coca Law .Apomorphine Hydrochloride, U.S.?. Coca (Leaves) U.S.P. Cocaine, U.S.P. Cocaine Hydrochloride, U.S.P. Codeine, U.S.P. Codeine Phosphate, U.S.P. Codeine Sulphate, U.S.P. Eli.xir Celery Compound, N.F. Elixir Chloroform Compound, N. F. Elixir Coca, N.F. Elixir Coca and Guarana, N.F. Elixir Terpin Hydrate with Heroin, N.F. Extract Opium, ' U.S.P. Fluidextract Coca, U.S.P. Mixture Chloroform and Cannabis Indica Compound, N.F. iMLxture Diarrhea, No. 1 (Sun Cholera) N.F [Mixture Diarrhea, No. 2 (Squibb) N.F. I Mixture Diarrhea, No. 3 (Loomis) N. F. Mixture Diarrhea, No. 4 (Thielmann) N.F. Mixture Diarrhea, No. 5 (Velpeau) N.F. i Morphine, U.S.P. [Morphine .\cetate, U.S.P. I Morphine Hydrochloride, U.S.P. ['Morphine Sulphate, U.S.P. i Oleate Cocaine, U.S.P. i Opium, U.S.P. fOpium, denarcotized, U.S.P. ! Opium, granulated, U.S.P. 1 Opium, powdered, U.S.P. I'Pencils, Cocaine (Unna) N.F. jPill .\nti-Neuralgic, No. 1 (Gross) N.F. fPill Anti-Neuralgic, No. 2 (Brown-Se- ' quard) N.F. • Pill Opium, U.S.P. 'Pill Opium and Camphor, N.F. I Pill Opium and Lead, N.F. i'Powder, Anti-catarrh (snuff) N.F. I Powder, Chalk .Aromatic with Opium, N.F. Powder, Ipecac and Opium (Dover), U.S.P. j Powder, Kino Compound, N. F. I Powder Morphine Compound, (Tully), \' U.S.P. j Solution Morphine Citrate, N.F. ! Solution Morphine, Hypodermic (Magendie) ' N.F. ^ Syrup Codeine, N.F. ' Syrup Ipecac and Opium (Dover) N.F. Syrup Morphine Sulphate, N.F. Syrup Poppy, N.F. Tincture Ipecac and Opium, U.S.P. ; Tincture Kino Compound, N.F. . Tincture Opium, U.S.P. , Tincture Opium, deodorized, U.S.P. I Tincture Poppy, N.F. ' Troches Glvcvrrhiza and Opium, U.S.P. ' Troches Morphine and Ipecac.(U.S.P. 18.00) 'Vinegar Opium. U.S.P. Wine Coca, U.S.P. Wine Coca, .Aromatic, N.F. I Wine Opium, U.S.P. DRUGS AND CHEMICALS .Acid Meconic .Antispasmin .Apocodeine .Alkaloid Hydrochloride .Apomorphine :Muriate .Amorphous Hydrochloride U.S.P. " Sulphate Beta-Eucaine Benzoyl Ecgonine Coca Leaves Cocaine .Alkaloid, U.S.P. Borate Carbolate Citrate Hydrobromide Hydrochloride Lactate Nitrate Nitrite Oleate Phenate Salicylate Sulphate Tartrate Codeine Alkaloid, U.S.P Acetate Citrate Hydrobromide Hydriodide Hydrochloride Nitrate Phosphate Salicylate Sulphate Valerianate Codeonol Cotamine Hydrochloride Diacetylmorphine Alkaloid " Hydrochloride Dover Powder Ecgonine " Hydrochloride Ethylidene Chloride Ethylmorphine Hydrochloride (Dionin) " Hydriodide " Eucain .Acetate " Hydrochloride * " Lactate Eucodine Gregory Salt Heroin " Hydrochloride Ipecac and Opium Powder U.S.P. Morph Alkaloid U.S.P. Acetate U.S.P. Anisate Arsenate Benzoate Bimeconate solution Borate Camphorate Citrate Diacetyl (Heroin) " Hydrochloride Ferrocyanide Formate Trv-lrwhroniirle Hydrorhlnride U.S.P. Hypophosphite Lactate Meconate Nitrate Oleate 2% solution 20% Phosphate Phthalate Morphine Salicylate " Sulphate " Tannate Tartrate " Valerate Narceine, Alkaloid " Acetate " Hydrobromide " Hydrochloride " Meconate Nitrate " Salicylate " Sulphate " A''alerianate Narcotine, Alkaloid " Hydrochloride " Sulphate Opium, Gum U.S.P. " Deodorized, U.S.P. Denarcotized Granulated U.S.P. Extract Powder U.S.P. Powder U.S.P. Tincture U.S.P. Vinegar U.S.P. ■Wine U.S.P. Papaverine, Alkaloid " Hydrochloride Nitrate " Phosphate " Sulphate Peronin Protopine Stypticin (Cotamine Hydrochloride) Styptol (Cotarnine Phthalate) Thebaine Hydrochloride Tartrate Tropacocaine Hydrochloride AMPOULES Clin's Ampoules— see list E. Fougera & Co. Cocaine Hydrochloride (Lilly) Codrenin IJ "C" (P. D. & Co.) Eudrenin ^ "B" (P. D. & Co.) Morphine and Atropine, all strengths (Lilly) (P. D. & Co.) Morphine and Hyoscine (Lilly) (P. D. & Co.) Morphine Sulph., all strengths (Lilly) CAPSULES Bronchial No. 1 (Lilly) Acetanilid Salicylate Comp. (Zemmer) and Codeine Comp. (Zemmer) Quinine Camphor Comp. (Zemmer) Strontium-Bokhicine Comp. (Zemmer) CONFECTIONS Opium Theriac (H. B. & W.) CORDIALS Calisaya, Ferrated (Lilly) Celery Comp. (S. & D.) Coca Cola Cordial (Maltbie) Diarrhea (Milliken) Kaol Comp. (Norwich) ELIXIRS Acetanalid Comp. Ammonium Valerianate and Morphine Antiasthmatic Comp. — Blackwood Calcium Creosulphmatic Comp. (O.D.Co.) Calcreide (C. P. Co.) Celery Comp. Celery and Black Haw Celery, Kola and Coca Comp. Celery and Kola Comp. Chloroform, Comp. N.F. Coca Coca Compound Creosote Compound 110 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [INIarch, 1915 Creosote and Terpin Hydrate, Coropound Diacarpine (Norwich) Glycerin and Heroin Compound Gold Chloride (Norwich) Gold Chloride no Atropine (Norwich) Heroin Heroin, Comp. No. 1, No. 2 Heroin and Pilocarpine Comp. Heroin and Terpin Hydrate Kola Comp. Kola and Celery Comp. Morphine Aromatic Morphine Hydrochloride " Valerianate Opium, Deodorized Papaveris (Warner & Co.) Pectoral, or Pulmonic Pertussic Comp. (Wampole; Pilocarpine Comp. Poppy Comp. 5l and ^2 Saw Palmetto Comp. Saw Palmetto and Pichi, Comp. Sedative Terpin Creosote Comp. , Hydrate Comp. and Cherry Comp. Hydrate and Codeine [See Note] " with Heroin Tussis Comp. (McCoy, Howe Co.) Note— Elixirs Terpin Hydrate and Codeine; Terpin Hydrate Comp,; White Pine Comp. and White Pine Comp. and Codeine— Nos. E199, E200, E207 and E208-of Wm. R. Warner & Co. are exempt. EXTRACTS Coca Opium, U.S.P. Opium Aqueous Poppy Heads Warburg's Tincture Warburg's Tincture, without Aloes EYE OINTMENTS AND COLLYRES Holocaine Hydrochloride (Lilly) Clin's Collyres — see list E. Fougera & Co. Cocaine Hydrochloride (Zemmer) Dionin (Zemmer) Ophthalmic Discs (Wyeth) Nos. 309, 310, 311, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 332, 338, 342. ELUIDEXTRACTS Buchu Comp. (Harvey) Celery Comp. Coca, U.S.P. Coca and Celery Coca, Soluble Ipecac and Opium Kola, Compound Opium Opium, Camphorated Opium, Concentrated Opium, Deodorized (see Tinctures) Poppy Heads Saw Palmetto, Comp. White Pine Comp. for Syrups White Pine Comp., Red, for Syrups Wild Cherry, Compound HOMEOPATHIC REMEDIES Boericke & Runyon's List Apomorphia, Ix, 2x, 3x, in any form Erythroxylon Coca, Tinct. and all potencies Heroin, Ix, 2x, 3x, in any form Morphia sulph., Ix, 2x, 3x, in any form Opium, Tinct., Ix, 2x, in any form Tablets, Codein 1/25 gr. 1/10 gr. % gr. H gr. 54gr. gr. 1 gr. Heroin 1/24 gr. 1/12 gr. Morphia sulph. I/IO gr. % gr. % gr. 'A gr. Tablet No, 30, 31, 35, 105, 111, 118, 133, 142, 143, 144, 157, 159, 162, 163, 182, 201, 209, 221. Specialties — Elixir Heroin and Terpin Hydrate Coca Wine LOZENGES and COMPRESSED LOZENGES Aconite Comp. Troches (Wyeth) Bronchitis Improved (Norwich) Brown Mixture Brown Mixture Comp. Brown Mixture and Ammonium Chloride Chlorodyne Cocaine Compound Cocaine and Cubeb Comp. Codeine and Benzoic Acid Comp. without Cocaine (B. W. & Co.) Follicular Tonsilitis No. 3 Glycyrrhiza and Opium U. S. P. Jackson's Ammonium Jackson's Pectoral Kola and Coca Comp. Licorice and Anise Comp. Licorice and Opium U. S. P. Linseed, Licorice and Chlorodyne (B. W. & Co.) Mentholic Throat Menthol and Cocaine Comp. Morphine B. P. Morphine and Ipecac Oral Astrmgent (P. D. & Co.) Red Gum Compound Sodium Benzoate Comp. Thymo Heroin Comp. White Pine Comp. Cough Wistar's Cough Wild Cherry Comp. John F. Hancock & Son's List Acetanodeine Acid, Boric Comp. Aconite Compound Ammonium-Codeine Ammonium Iodide Comp. Antalgic Camphor Compound Chlorodyne Cocaine 1/20 gr. 1/10 gr. Cocaine Compound Cocaine and Cubeb Cocaine and Opium Cocaine and Rhatany Cocanilid Codeine 1/10 gr. 1/5 : •, Cubeb Compoimd Heroin No. 1 1/24 gr. No. 2 1/12 gr. Heroin Compound Lobelia Compound Muco-Sedative Muco Stimulant Rhatany and Opium Sedative, S. Terpin-Heroin-Benzoic OLEATES Cocaine U.S.P, Mercury and Morphine (Squibb) Morphine, 10% PILLS and GRANULES Acctanilide and Quinine Comp. Acetphenetidin and Quinine Comp. Alterative Ammonium Muriate, Comp. Anodyne Anodyne Granules Antispasmodic Anti-Syphilitic Nos. 1 & 2 — Castano Aphrodisiac Improved Aphrodisiac Comp. (P. D. & Co.) Astringent Atropine and Morphine B, C, D (Upjohn) Blue Mass Compound Calomel and Dover Powder Calomel and Opium Camphor Compound Camphor and Opium N. F. No. 1 and No. 2 Camphor, Opium and Hyoscyamus Camphor, Opium and Lead Acetate Camphor, Opium and Tannin Cardiac Tonic — Mann Chanteud's Granules— see list of E. Fougerd & Co. Chlorodyne Chlorodyne, half strength Chronic Dysentery — Holston Cinchonidine Comp. (Warner) Coca and Phosphorus, Comp. Coca, Phosphorus and Strychnine Cocaine Hydrochloride (all sizes) Codeine (all sizes) Codeine Sulphate (all sizes) Codeine Sulphate I^Ietric Granules (Nor- wich) Colax Cold, Laxative (Upjohn) Diaphoretic Diarrhea Pellets Dover Powder Dupuytren (Warner) Dysmenorrhea — Brooks " — Alvord Heims Heroin (all sizes) Hydrargyrum Comp. No. 1 Ipecac and Opium (all sizes) Ipecac and Opium Comp. Ipecac and Squill B. P. Mercury Iodide and Opium — Ricord Mercury Protiodide and Opium Mercury and Chalk No. 2 Mercury Yellow Iodide and Opium Morphatropia (all sizes) Morphine Acetate Yz gr. ^ gr. Morphine and Atropine No. 1 No, 2 and No. 4 Morphine Hydrochloride y& gr. Morphine and Belladonna No. 1 Morphine Sulphate (all sizes) Morphine Valerianate (all sizes) Neuralgic, Brown-Sequard, N.F. Neuralgic, Brown-Sequard, Half and quar- ter strength Neuralgic, Gross, N.F. Neuralgic, Gross, half strength Neuralgic, Gross, Pink Granules Opium and Bismuth Opium, Camphor and Lead .\cetate Opium Extract (all sizes) Opium U. S. P., 1 gr. J4 gr. Opium, Powdered (all sizes) Opium with Soap Opium and Camphor, N.F, Opium, Camphor and Tannin (Wampole) Opium and Lead, X,F, (all sizes) Opium and Silver Nitrate No. 1 and No.? Opium, Tannin and Lead Phenacetine and Quinine Comp, Phosphorus, Morphine & Zinc Valerate " Opium and Digitalis " Quinine and Digitalis Comp. Quinine and Dover's Powder Sedative — Mann Silver Nitrate and Opium Syphilitic, Ricord, Modified Terpin Hydrate and Codeine No, 1 and No. 2 Warburg's Tincture IJ2 Warburg's Tincture (without .Moes) 54 POWDERS Brown Mixture Chalk .\romatic with Opium N.F. Diaphoretic — Beach's Ipecac and Opium (Dover) U.S.P. Ipecac and Opium Camphorated Kino Comp. N. F. Morphine Compound (Tully'sl U.S.P. Mabch, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 111 Tinct. Poppy Compound Tully's Modified SOLUTIONS Chlorodyne (5717) Cocaine Hydrochloride, 2 % with Acetoform 4% " Lead and Opium Morphine Citrate " Hypodermic Hydrochloride B. P. Nebulizer No. 8 (953 A) SUPPOSITORIES All suppositories having opium, mor- phine or cocaine. Burroughs Wellcome & Co.'s List Cocaine Hydrochloride Gall and Opium Lead and Opium Morphine and Belladonna Morphine Hydrochloride Opium E.xtract H. K. Mulford & Co.'s Li^ Adrenal Comp., Rectal Antiseptic Morphine Sulphate, ^ gr. Morphine Sulphate, gr. Opium .\queous Ext., gr. and Bella- donna E.xt., yi gr. Opium Aqueous E-xt., 1 gr., and Bella- donna Ext., ^ gr. Opium Powd., J4 gT- Opium Powd., 1/2 gr. Opium Powd., 1 gr. Opium Powd., 2 gr., and Lead Acetate, 5 gr. Opium Powd., 1 gr., and Acid Tannic, 5 gr. Tanichthol, No. 1 Konvich Pharmacol Go's. List Morphine and Atropine Opium 1 gr 2 gr. Opium and Belladonna Opium and Hyoscyamus Morphine Sulphate J4 gr. Unguentine Cones with Opium Sharp & Dohme's List Cacao Butter Aural No. 162J Rectal No. lA to No. 11 A incl. No. 15A to No. 23A incl. No. 24B No. 31A, No. 32A, No. 33A No. 39 A, No. 40A, No. 41 A, No. 42 A John Wyeth & Brother's Liit Rectal Nos. 43, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 54, 225, 227, 604, 605, 606. Urethral Nos. 509 & 510. Uterine No. 320. Vaginal Nos. 138, 435, 436. Aural Nos. 176, 182. Nasal Nos. 197, 198, 199, 206. Rectal Nos. 5, 6, 7, & 8 (Abbott) Vaginal No. 11. SYRUPS Anodyne Pine Comp. with Heroin Balm Gilead Comp. (Norwich) " with Heroin (Nor%vich) Blood Root and Cherry Compound No. 2 ( Norwich ) Blood Root with Diacetylmorphine Hydro- chloride (Upjohn) Blood Root with Heroin Hydrochloride ( Upjohn ) Cocillana Comp. Codeine (Squibb) Codeine Phosphate Comp. " E.Tpectorant Dover Powder N. F. Glyco Rinus Comp. (O. D. Co.) Eubenol-Dionin (Norwich) Heroin Compound " and Glycerine Comp. Heroin and Sangtiinaria Comp. " Comp. Mentholated " and Tolu Comp. Ipecac and Opium (Dover) N.F. Lobelia Comp. (Toledo P. Co.) Morphine N. F. Palmo-Dionin (Upjohn) Pinus Alba Comp. Sedative Comp. (Norwich) Terbene Compound " with Dionin (Norwich) " with Heroin, Tolu and Cannabis Comp. (Norwich) " Aromatic with Heroin Tolu Compound " and Heroin Compound White Pine Compound " " with Codeine " " with Heroin " " with Morphine " " Terpin Hydrate and Heroin " " with Heroin and Ammonia Muriate Wild Cherry Compound " Cherries and Terbene Comp. with Heroin (Norwich) " Cherry and Heroin (Milliken) TABLETS and TABLET TRI- TURATES Acetanilide Compound Nos. 5 & 7 " and Tully's (Norwich) " Comp. with Codeine No. 1 Comp. with Heroin and Quinine Compound " Salicylate & Morphine Nos. 2 & 3 " and Sodium Comp. with Codeine " and Sodium Comp. with Heroin " and Sodium Salicylate Comp. with Codeine Nos. 26 & 216 (Upjohn) Acetphenetidin Comp. " and (juinine Comp. (Wyeth) " Comp. with Codeine Aconite Compound Alkaloid Codeine (Lambert & Lowman) Ammonium Chloride Comp. with Codeine " Chloride Comp. with Diacetyl- morphine " " Comp. with Heroin " " with Morphine Ammonium Muriate Comp. with Codeine " Muriate Comp. with Heroin " Salicylate Comp. Nos. 1 & 3 Salicylate and Acetanilide Comp. Y2 strength Alum Comp. No. 1 for injections " Compound No. 2 Anodyne Comp. with Codeine " and Carminative (Warner) Nos. 1 & 2 " Expectorant— Bo'ton No. 2 " Infant — Waugh " (Lilly) Mild Analgia Comp. with Codeine Analgesic Compound " Comp. and Heroin " " with Sodium Salicylate and Codr;ine (Wampole; Antiasthmatic — Stevens .'\ntibronchitis Anticold No. 3 — Averill " Gordon Antidiabetic Nos. 1 & 2 Antidiarrhea and Dysentery (Abbott) Antilupia and Codeine (Norwich) Antipyrine and Heroin Comp. (Squibb) Antispasm and Pain (Abbott) Antisyphilitic No. 2 (Upjohn) Antivomiting Nos. 1 & 2 Apomorphine Hydrochloride (all sizes) Asafetida and Opium Comp. (B.W.& Co.) Aspirin Compound — Kyle " and Codeine Asthma and Bronchitis — Fretz Astringent Wash Atropine-Aconite Comp. Atropine, Aconite & Morph. Comp. (Ab- bott) Bismuth and Beta-Napthol Comp. (P. W. & Co.) Bismuth Catechu Comp. " and Dover Powder (B. W. & Co.) " and Ipecac Nos. 1 & 2 " and Opium " and Paregoric Comp. " and Phenosulphonates (McNeil) " Opium and Carbolic Acid and Phenol (Milliken) " and Salol Compound " Subnitrate, Opium & Carb. Acid " Tannin and Opium Blue Mass Compound Boric Acid and Potassium Comp. Bromides Compound " " Y2 strength Bromide Compound Nos. 1 & 2 — Hubbard Bronchitis — Delafield " Improved No. 3 Brown Mixture (all sizes) " " (Compound " " and Ammonium Chloride Nos. 1 and 2 " " Comp. modified with Heroin Caff ocodeine ( Eraser ) " Compound (Eraser) Catarrh Bronchial (Abbott) Calomel and Dover Powder (all sizes) " and Opium Nos. 1 & 2 Camphor, Opium and Tannin Cannabis and Aconite Comp. " and Codeine Cardiac Asthma " Waldstein Carminative No. 2 Chloranodyne Chlorodyne " half-strength Cholera and Atonic Diarrhea (Abbott) Cholera Infantum Nos. 2 & 3 Coca, fluidextract Cocaine " Hydrochloride (all sizes) " " gr. for solution (Upjohn) Cocaine and Cubeb Compound " without sugar (all sizes) Codeine (all sizes) " Alkaloid (all sizes) " and Benzoic Acid Comp. without Cocaine (B. W. & Co.) " and Nux Vomica (B. W. & Co.) " Phosphate (all sizes) " Sulphate (all sizes) Colax Cold Nos. 1 to 6 incl. " Gage " No. 3 " No. 3 with Aloin " Laxative ^ "C" (P. D. & Co.) " Preferred Colic No. 1 & 2 Infantile' Conjunctivitis (Zemmer) Copper Arsenate Comp. Nos. 1&2 (Abbott) Copper and Opium 112 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [March, 1915 Coryza Nos. 1 to 6 incl. (see Note) Laxative Cold No. 2 " — Bishop — Kenyon — Richards Lead and Laudanum -Smith " Improved " Hospital " with Heroin Cotarnine Hydrochloride (B. W. & Co.) Cough Nos. 1 & 2 " No. 3 — Lyon " — Drossner — Goodwin — Blackham " Infant " Adult " Nervous (Abbott) " Palliative (P. D. & Co.) " persistent with Diacetylmorphine " persistent with Heroin Creosote Compound Croup Nos. 2 & 3 " Spasmodic Damiana Comp. No. 2 Diabetes Diacetylmorphine (all sizes) " Hydrochloride (all sizes) D iaphoretic — Whitf ord Diarrhea " Fermentative Nos. 1, 2 & 9 " No. 3 — Sullivan No. A — Gay " — Haslam — Van Wyck Digitalis Compound No. 1 Dionin (all sizes) Dover Compound — Terryberry " Powder (all sizes) " Camphorated (all sizes) " and Quinine (P. D. & Co.) Dysentery No. 1 — Brandon Enteric — Sillo Enteritis — Haskell Epinine Comp. (B. W. & Co.) Expectorant — Rankin — Harvey Expectorant Nos. 4 & 5 — Jones No. 6 " Tonic Febrifuge Fever " Kenyon I"'olHcular Tonsilitis Gastric Sedative Gastritis No. 1 — Pepper " — Searle Grip Special (Fraser) Grippe No. 1 — Becker No. 2 — Drake — Quigley " Nos. 3 & 4 " — Stengel Hay Fever (Wyeth) H-M-C Comp. Nos. 1 & 2 (Abbott) H-M-C Modified Nos. 1 & 2 (Abbott) H.-M-C Comp., Formula A & B (Abbott) Headache Neuralgia — Rodgers Helonias Compound, Vegetable Hemostatic Heroin (all sizes) " Compound (all sizes) " Hydrochloride (all sizes) and Torpin Hydrate (all sizes) Hydrastine Compound and Cotarnine Hydrochloride (B. W. & Co.) " white Alkaloid Comp. Hyoscyamus Cough Hysteria Injection Compound No. 2 (Wampole) Ipecac and Opium, see Dover Powder " with Squill (B. W. & Co.) Krameria Compound NOTE— Parke, Davis & Co., announce that their Coryza Tablets— C.T. 243; C.C.T. 65; T.T. 722; C.C.T. 66 and C.C.T. 376 do not contain any opiate. Examine the label! " and Opium Leucorrhea (Helonias Astringent) " Mild (Helonias Astringent) Mercurous Iodide and Opium Nos. 1 & 2 Mercury and Opium " Protiodide and Opium " with Chalk and Dover Powder " " " " 3 "B" (P. D. & Co.) Methalgine Comp. (Waterbury) Morphine Acetate (all sizes) Bromide Compound No. 2 and Aconite and Emetine (B. W. & Co.) " Hydrochloride (all sizes) " and Salicylic Acid Nos. 1 & 2 " Sulphate (all sizes) " and Atropine (all sizes) " and Atropine (all combinations) " and Belladonna " Strychnine and Belladonna (B W. & Co.) Naso-Pharyngeal Nausea, PI. No. 2 and No. 4 Neuralgic " — Arthur " — Brown-Sequard " — Brown-Sequard strength " — Dunlap " —Gross " — Gross strength Neuralgic Headache — Myers No. 10— Thrush Neurodynia with Codeine (C. P. Co.) " with Dover Powder (CP. Co.) Nuguaiacal Comp. No. 2 (Abbott) Opium, Camphor and Tannin " Camphor and Ammonium Carb. " Camphor and Lead Acetate " " and Tannin " Camphorated, Tinct. (all sizes) " Deodorized, Tinct. " Powdered (all sizes) " Tinct. U.S.P. (all sizes) " and Camphor " and Camphor IJ "B" (P. D. & Co ) " No. 2 (Wyeth) " . and Hyoscyamus " c.nd Ipecac Compound " Ipecac and Blue Mass " and Lead Paragoric Compound U.S.P. equivalent to 5 & 10 min. Phen. Codeia (Zemmer) Phenacetin Comiiound " and (Quinine Compound Pinus Alba Compound Potassium Chlorate and Cocaine Protan Comp. (Mulford) and Opium Nos. 1 & 2 (Mulford) Quinine and Dover Powder " Gelsemin Comp. (Zemmer) Rheumatism Nos. 1, 2 & 3 " Improved -Liggett Salr.'lol ("(.iiipouncl (.^toddard) Culri, (Suiddardl S,ili(\l,ili' Ac 1.1 ,iiul Morphine Xos Ciiiiip. (Zemmer) Salmacrin (Weaver) Salol Compound (all sizes) Sanguinaria Compound (Stoddard) Comp. and Codeine (Norwich) Sciatica Improved (Norwich") Silver Nitrate Comp. (Warner) Strontium Salicylate Comp. (Zemmer) Sudorific and Resolvent (Abbott) Sun Cholera Syphilitic Syphilitic ^ "A" No. 2 Tar and Codeine (B. W. & Co.) Tartar Emetic and Morphine — Hall Terpin-Hydrate Compound — Brockbank " and Creosote Comp. No. 2 " Diacetylmorphine No. 2 (Upjolm) " and Heroin Nos. 1 & 2 and Codeine (all sizes) " and Heroin Comp. (P.D. & Co. Throat Mentholated " — Quinlan Tully's Powder (all sizes) Uterine Astringent and Antiseptic Voice Warburg's Tincture No. 1 Tincture No. 2 without Aloes White Pine Compound Whooping Cough No. 3 (Wampole) " Cough No. 4 " Cough Improved (Norwich) Zinc & Codeine Comp. Nos. 1&2 (Abbott TABLETS — DISPENSARY Cocaine Cocaine Hydrochloride (all sizes) Codeine (all sizes) Codeine Alkaloid Codeine Phosphate (all sizes) Codeine Sulphate (all sizes) 2 strength % Heroin Hydrochloride (all sizes) Morphine Hydrochloride Morphine Suljihate (all sizes") TABLETS — HYPODERMIC Adrenalin and Cocaine R "B" "C" "D" (P. D. & Co.) and Eucaine R"B" (P.D. & Co.) Antiasthmatic, Timmerman Apomorphine Hydrochloride (all sizes) Muriate (all sizes) Apomorphine and Strychnine Cardiac No. 2 (Norwich) " Tonic — ]Mann Cocaine Hydrochloride (all sizes) Codeine Pnosphate (all sizes) Codeine Phosphate no sugar (all sizes) Salts and all combinations " Sulphate (all sizes) Coniine Hvdrobromide & Morph. Sulph (Wyeth) Cotarnine Hydrochloride Diacetylmorphine Hydrochloride (all sizes) Duboisine Hydrochloride & Morph. Sulph (Wyeth) Ergotine, Citrate and ^Morphine Sulph. (B W. & Co.) Ergotoxine and IMorphine Sulph. (B. W & Co.) Eserine and Morphine Eucaine Hydrochloride (all sizes) Eucaine Lactate Heroin Hydrochloride (all sizes) " Salts and all combinations Hubbard's Bromides Nos. 1 & 2 (Squibb) Hvoscine Comp. and Morphine (P. D. & Co.") " " " Bromide Comp. " " " Brom. Comp. strengtl Hvoscvamine Sulph. & Morph. Sulph (Wyeth) I.oral .\no.>thotir. Dental (all sizes) Morph.iiic Bimeconalc Morphine Bimeconate & Atropine Sulpb (Wyeth) Morphine Bromide & Hyoscine Hydrobro mide (Wyeth) Morphine and Cactin (Milliken) Morphine Comp. Nos. 3, 9. 10, 11, 15 (Wampole) Morphine H>drochloride (all sizes) 1 & 2 March, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 113 Morphine and Hyoscine Morphine Hypophosphite (B. W. & Co.) Morphine Meconate (all sizes) Morphine Nitrate (all sizes) Morphine and Strychnine Morphine Salts and all combinations Morphine Sulphate (all sizes) Morphine ;ind Atropine (all sizes) Morphine, Atrcipino and Strych. (all sizes) Morphine and Stryclinine (all sizes) 'Morphine Sulphate (Fraser) Morphine Sulphine and Atropine Sulphate (Fraser) ' Morphine Compound — Tapper Nitroglycerin Comp. (Lilly) Nitroglycerin. Strychnine and Morphine Scopolamine and Morphine (all sizes) Adrenalin Compound Suppositories (4353) " and Cocaine Tablets (4353) ditto IJ "B" "C" "D" (4353) Eucaine IJ "B" (4353) Apii Compound (Hammond) (4177) Ammosol-^Iorphia (953.\) Anginol Tabs. (95jA) Antigia Powder & Tablets (4536) and Codeine (4536) and Quinine (4536) .\ntimeticol (5927) Battley's Liquor Opii Sedativus (1987) Bechol Willi Herom (3769) Bronchoids (5877) Bronchial Sedative, Palmer (3837) Browne's Chlorodyne (1987) Morphine Comp. (P D. & Co.) l^^own's (Dr TABLETS — OPHTHALMIC Atropine Hydrobromide and Cocaine Hy George) Eye Drops (755) Cough Syrup (755) Laryngial Gargle (755) Throat Lozenges (755) Cannabine Tabs. Injection (953A) Cannabis Comp. Merrell (3769) drochloride (B. W. & Co.) Cocaine Hydrochloride Dionin (B. W. & Co.) ' Homatropine Hydrochloride and Cocaine Capsodyne (4366) Hydrochloride (B. W. & Co.) Chlorodyne , Physostigmine Salicylate and Tropacocaine Cerebral Sedative Comp. (4353) Hydrochloride (B. W. & Co.) Chloro-Cannabine (3842) iPilocarpine Nitrate and Cocaine Hydro- Chlor-Anodyne chloride (B. W. & Co.) Chloroform Anodyne (6194) Tropacocaine Hydrochloride (B.W. & Co.) Chlorodyne, Morphine sulph. (2627) 'Zinc Sulphate Comp. (B. W. & Co.) Chlorodyne, American— S. & D. (5118) " '• and Cocaine Hydrochloride Chlorodyne, Chandler's Modified (3769) (B. W. & Co.) TABLETS — VAGINAL Leucorrhea, Improved (Lilly) Morphine and Belladonna Uterine Compound (Lilly; Vaginal Astringent No. 2 (Norwich) Vaginal .-\stringent No. 1, No. 2 (Wam- pole) TABLETS — VETERINARY HYPO Apomorphine Hydrochloride Cocaine Hydrochloride (all sizes) Codrenin (P. D. &: Co.) Colic— Know'es Equine Cough (Abbott) Morphine Sulphate (all sizes) id Atropine Sulph. I sizes) D. & Co.) Morphine and .Atropine ( " and Hvoscine (P TINCTURES Bateman's Drops (Upjohn) Coca Leaves Ipecac and Opium U.S.P. Kino Comp. N. F. Opium Acetic Opium U.S.P. Opium Camphorated U.S.P. Opium Comp. N.F. Opium Comp. (Squibb's Mixture) Opium Denarcotized Opium, Deodorized, U.S.P. ii Opium Pectoral N. T. Erythroxylon (Coca) Warburg's Tincture N.F. without Aloes WINES Coca, U.S.P. Coca, .Aromatic N.F. Coca and Beef Coca, Beef and Iron Coca and Celery Coca and Hypophosphites (Lilly) Coca and Phosphorus Comp. (Merrell) Kola Compound Opium t; P SPECIALTIES & PROPRIETARIES i The numbers in parentheses refer to names La Chandler's (3837) Chlorodylina (3266) Cholera Mixture — Shoemaker's (5150) Codeonal— Knoll (3174) Codrenin B "A," "B," "C." (4353) Ampoules R "C" (4353) Creo-Pin (2627) Coiicol Tabs. (953A) Collinsonia Comp. (9) Creosote Comp. (2739) Cuanha Comp. (2739) Cypripedium Comp. (5487A) Diacol (5487A) Dunlap's C & K Remedy for horses and mules (1605) Epicaine (848) Euca Palmetto Comp. (3561) Eudrenin Ampoules B "B" (4353) Expectorant Wafers — Merrell (3769) Foutz's Certain Kolik Remedy (1991) Glycerite Heroin (2627) Glycerin Heroin Comp. Glycerite Heroin Comp. (5247) Glycerole Heroin & Terpin Hydrate (3837) Glycerole Benzo-Heroin Comp. (3602) Glyceroin Glycero Creosote Comp. (3602) Glyco Creosote (2859) Glyco-Heroin (5236) Glyco-Pin (2627) Glyco Terpin (4366) Gonorrhea Treatment (4177^) Herobalm (1204A) Guaio-Terpin Comp. (1183) Horoglypine (1204A) Heroin Sedative Comp. (1204A) Herokal C4366) HerolM.i-.. ' Hep Hen- Herot'... i li'l (4801) Hypnodyne (5487 A) Hypnotic Comp. (1204A) lodo r,„l. in.- ^627) Irlit; o^itories (5877) •) fied (2739) of manufacturers in Part 3, Era Price List. Acetanilide and Salicylic Comp. (3561) Lactuta Comp. Linctus Comp. (6194) (5118) Liquor Paverine (4366) Antinausea (5925 A) Locathesia (3266) Loingia with Heroin (1183) Malariol Pills (953A) Mead's Terpo-Dionin (3720) Methalgine Comp. (5898) Morphanodyne (1705) Morphol (3266) Nebulol Nos. 41 and 47 (Upjohn) (5717) Neurans (3535) Ocusal "B" (4177) Opiine (2490) Palmettine (3266) Palmo-Dionin (Upjohn) (5717) Pan-Lo-Sen (5613) Papasomnos (5927) Papavernum Liq. (5925A) Papaveris (5891) Papavine (1705) Pantopon (2644) Pantopon Scopolamine (2644) Paracodin— Knoll (3174) Piniheroin (5927) Pinosa (3266) Pixine Colic Cure (4479) Pruni-Heroin (6153) Rami Drops (1987) Red White & Blue Cold Tablets (5688) " " " ' Neuralgic Headache Tablets (5688) Rickine and Codeine Powder (2490) Sangui Heroin (4366) Sedapine (3842)- Stricture Crayons (A) (B) (4177) Stypto!— Knoll (3174) Sun Cholera Mixture Syr. Pleropliga (4366) Syr. Terbenol Aromatic and Heroin (4177) Terpinine (3842) Terpinola (3266) Terpo-Dionin— Mead's (3720) Tolu Guaiacol Comp. (3261) Tolu and Cannabis Comp. (3261) Unguentine Cones with Opium (4177) " Crayons (4177) " Crayons with Protargol (4177) Urticol Tabs. (•953A) Zomakayne and Heroin (3602) " with Sodium Salicylate and Co- dein (3602) and Codeine (3602) and Codeine Comp. (3602) E. FOUGERA & CO.'s LIST Battley's Liquor Opii Sedativus (Opium) Browne's Chlorodyne (Opium) Chanteaud's Granules No. 64 (Cocaine) No. 65 (Cocaine Chlorhydrate) No. 66, 123, 14 (Codeine) No. 102, 11, 15, 21 (Gregory Salt) No. 46 (Apomorphine) No. 90 (Morphine Bromhydrate) No. 10 (Morphine Chlorhydrate) regular No. 10 has no Morphine No. 91, 9 (Morphine Chlorhydrate) No. 25 (Bromhydrate) No. 93 (Narceine) Clin's Collyres:— No. 400, 401 (Dionine) No. 402, 403 (Stovaine) No. 390, 391, 438, 439, 642, 647, 646 (Cocaine Chlorhydrate) Clin's Ampoules for Hypo. Injections: — No. 236, 237, 238 (Cocaine Chlorhy- drate) No. 207 (Apomorphine) No. 293, 294, 212, 369 (Morphine Chlorhydrate) No. 511, 206, 221 (Cocaine) No. 355, 356, 661, 336 (Eucaine B) 114 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [March, 1915 TME QUESTION EOX Therapy of Tobacco "Cures" (W. C. F.) — We have looked up the formula for the "lozen- ges for the tobacco habit," published in the Era of May 7, 1908, page 582, and which, in our opinion, does not offer any very serious problem in the matter of administration. Frankly, medicine is very far from an exact science, and the results to be obtained in one case are not or cannot be duplicated in an- other case, the personal equation of the patient being too much of a factor, as well as other conditions which are studied and met by the intelligent prescriber. A study of the formula in question shows that whatever medicinal effect is obtained from the administration of the lozenges is principally due to the guaiac resin, ammonium chlor- ide, and possibly in slight degree, the ginger and gentian. The other ingredients are employed to modify the taste or flavor (ex- tract of licorice, sodium chloride, and also ginger, which is princi- pally a stomachic and flavoring agent), while tragacanth, gly- cerin and syrup are not medicinal agents at all, but are here used as vehicles to mass the other ingredients into lozenge form. In fact, the physiological activity of the whole mixture is very feeble, although ammonium chloride is incorporated no doubt with the idea of toning up the mucous membrane of the throat, etc., guaiac resin for a similar reason and also for its diaphoretic and expectorant properties, and gentian as a simple bitter and aromatic, while all are used principally to give the patient a "taste" and "tonic" that will take the place of that supplied by the tobacco he has been using. The formula directs that 100 lozenges be made from the quantities prescribed, and while the average masculine adult could probably "stand" 8 or 10 lozenges distributed throughout the several hours of the day, it is doubtful if he would obtain any better results than the "addict" who would take a lozenge or part of a lozenge whenever he felt the longing for his cus- tomary quid. This is the method followed in the use of most of the tobacco "cures," and from the fact that this combination contains substances which possess slight tonic properties and imparts a very marked taste, it has most of the attributes of making "Ephraim forget his idols." That is the object of all these remedies, and exact dosage with the object of producing systemic effects is not the primary consideration. In fact the directions could well read "whenever you feel like taking a chew of tobacco, use a lozenge instead." The lozenge replaces the acquired taste and thus tends to brace up the courage of the individual who thinks he can't quit the "weed" without some artificial aid. The daily dose of the lozenge, therefore, is far from standardized, and may be safely placed at from two to six or eight distributed throughout the day, one in whole or part to be taken by the patient whenever the desire for his favorite "chew" is most insistent. Resorcin in Face Lotion (T. J. K.) — "I wish a little more information about resorcin as a face or skin lotion. My idea is to use it in a skin 'cleaner.' " As a general proposition, we do not think resorcin will be a satisfactory remedy for indiscriminate use in face lotions. Its susceptibility to the action of light and air and its tendency to be decomposed when combined with many substances pre- clude its use for many purposes. On the other hand, according to Helbing, "weak solutions (1 to 3 per cent) harden the skin, while stronger solutions (10 to 50 per cent) macerate and de- stroy it." Resorcin is considerably used in the treatment of skin diseases, and a paste of equal parts of the drug with zinc oxide has been applied to tlie face to promote peeling of the skin in the treatment of acne rosacea. In three or four days the skin becomes like parchment, when the application must be stopped, in order to avoid the cracking of the skin which begins at that stage. A dressing of gelatin, glycerin, zinc oxide and hot water is then applied, covered with cotton wool. In a few more days the dressing comes off, bringing the epidermis with it. Some few dangerous and unfavorable results have followed this method, but, according to Potter, a number of very satis- factory cases are reported. Freckles and other superficial spots on the skin may be removed by the same treatment, it is said. Under the title "resorcin lotion," the British Pharmaceutical Codex gives a formula which directs the solution of 10 parts of resorcin in enough distilled water to make 100 parts. This preparation, also quite wellknown under the name of "Andeer's lotion," has been extensively used in skin hospitals as a paint in psoriasis and chronic eczema, and as an antiseptic applica- tion to syphilitic sores. Resorcin is much used as an anti- septic application to remove dandruff, and its property of color- ing the hair and to act somewhat as a dye, in addition to its somewhat catistic action, seem to preclude its use for the pur- pose named. Spray Solution of Scarlet Ked (T. P. M.) — Submits the following prescription: Merck Biebreich scarlet, 20 per cent. Liquid petrolatum, colorless, P. D. & Co., 2 ounces Mix and make a solution. Use as throat spray in No. 29 DeVilbiss nebulizer. "The trouble we have with the spray solution is that it will not nebulize properly; that is, it will not throw any of the scarlet red in the spray." While it is stated that scarlet red is soluble in oils and fats, we are unable from present available data to ascertain the de- gree of solubility in the liquid petrolatum, but we are informed that warm petrolatum and paraffin dissolves rather large quanti- ties. The difficulty here seems to indicate that none of the red was dissolved, and we would suggest that you try warming the solvent. As scarlet red is generally used in the form of an ointment containing from 4 to 8 per cent of the substance, it would seem that the prescriber has called for a spray of unusual strength. The density of the solution may also interfere with the production and delivery of the "spray." We should like to have some reader of the Era give his experience with scarlet red in nebulizing solutions. Pharmacy and Medicine for Women (W. E. H.) — Answering your several questions in the order you submit them, we would state that : ( 1 ) As shown by the last report of the U. S. Commissioner of Education (1913) issued in July last, but two medical colleges offer courses to you submit them, we would state that: (1) As shown by the of Pennsylvania," located at Philadelphia, and the Xew Yo/k Medical College and Hospital for Women (Homeopathic), New York City. There are 108 medical schools in the U. S. in- cluding the two named, and the majority of them are co-edu- cational, admitting women on the same terms with men. The colleges having the largest attendance of women students, out- side of the two colleges named, are Northwestern University, Chicago, with 150 female students, Tufts College Medical School, Boston, with 33, and Johns Hopkins University, Medi- cal Department, with 34. (2) There is no school of pharmacy exclusively for women, either in the U. S. or Canada, but all schools of this character are so far as we know co-educational. In the early nineties a college of pharmacy for women was established by Dr. Wiley Rogers in Louisville, Ky., but it was only short-lived, owing to the limited number of students and the lack of interest in pharmacy by women in those days. .\s a business proposition, a college of pharmacy for women is unnecessar>' and imprac- ticable, as there is nothing in tlie study that women cannot take up equally well with men, and the revenue to be derived from possible female students would not begin to pay the cost of operation. (3) So far as we know there is no published list of colored druggists in the U. S. However, some data on this subject could doubtless be obtained from the secretaries of the boards of pharmacy, especially those of the Southern States, where the law requires applicants for registration to state their race or color. Thus, in tJic last report of tlie Secretan.' of the N. C. Board of Pharmacy the names of 41 colored pharmacists and their addresses are reported, but probably not all of them are engaged in business on their own account. In the Northern States the total number of colored pharmacists is comparatively small, some of those reported as such, as in the South, being physicians and operating drug stores in connection with their principal business of practicing medicine. We »-ould suggest March, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 115 that the writer place himself in communication with J. Oliver Hopkins, Wilmington, Delaware, president of the Afro-Ameri- can Pharmaceutical Association of that State who can probably give him some information. The deans or heads of the fol- lowing institutions giving pharmaceutical instruction to colored students might also be able to throw some light on the subject: Howard University, Washington, D. C; Leonard School of Pharmacy, Raleigh, N. C, and Walden University, Meharry College of Pharmacy, Nashville, Tenn. TTrotropine in Solution (M. F.) — "In a recent medical journal I read tliat 'urotropin should never be given in fluid mixture, as it decomposes almost immediately.' What do you think of the statement?" In a general way the statement is reasonable, at least if one remembers the ease with which urotropine ( hexamethylenete- tiamine) is decomposed. It is incompatible with acids and in contact with hot water is broken up into formaldehyde and ammonia. According to some authorities, it is best given in tablet form in carbonated water, altliough the British Pharma- ceutical Codex states that "it may be administered in solution in mi.xture form flavored with syrup of orange, or in cachets, to be followed with a tumblerful of water." In any event, if dis- pensed in mixture form, only a sufficient quantity for immediate use should be prepared. Anti-Kink Pomade: Hair Straightener (S. L. C. C.) — Personally we have never tised the "anti-kink pomade," a formula for which is given on page 493, November, 1911, Era, but we can say that it was originally sent to us by a druggist living in a Southern city, who had frequent calls from negro customers for a preparation of this character, and who stated that this combination answered the purpose the best of a number of pomades and wax-fat preparations he had tried. Most preparations of this character are employed principally as "hair-straighteners," any other effects they may have being incidental, although all users of these compounds usually want them well scented, and if any substance can be introduced into the mixture upon which the manufacturer can base a claim for imparting "tonic" or other properties, so much the better. In the formula given, the resin, yellow wax, and petrolatum impart the principal "stiffening" property to the hair, although the effect when applied to the hair only lasts for a time. Just how often the pomade should be applied to produce the desired results, we cannot say, some individuals only using it for stated occasions, others every two or three days, depending upon whether they want to look straight-haired all of the time, or only on Sunday nights. Another preparation which will retain the hair in any de- sired form or direction is the well-known Hungarian pomade, and it is said to work equally well with mustachios a la Kaiser or the hair of the curliest-headed Ethiopian. Here is one formula : Yellow soap 30 ounces Water 35 oimces Shred the soap and place in the water overnight, then gently beat to dissolve, and add Potassium carbonate V/i ounces Keep hot, while melting, the following: Ceresine lyi ounces Japan wax ■. 2^^ ounces Castor oil ounces To this add half the soap solution, beating up thoroughly; next add a solution of Gum arabic Zyi ounces Water 5 ounces Supplemented by Oil of bergamot 25 minims Oil of lemon 20 minims Oil of cloves 1 dram Finally work in the rest of the soap solution ; mix most intimately. The value of these preparations depends upon the point of view. There is nothing that we know of that can be applied to curly growing hair which will cause it to become permanently straight, and it would be manifestly unwise for any manufac- turer to make such a claim. But if any individual thinks he will "look better" by having his hair appear "straight" it is not unprofessional to gratify his wish, nor to furnish him with the "stuff" so long as it is not injurious to his crinkled locks or health. To this extent most any pomade contahiing a little wax or spermaceti will probably answer the purpose. The formula in the November 1911 Era or the one given above are typical of most of those employed for the purpose. Non-Inflammable Metal Polish (W. J. D.) — It is practically impossible to suggest a formula for a non-inflammable metal polish in liquid form that will not precipitate on standing for a time. This fact is easily under- stood when it is remembered that almost all abrasives used for polishing purposes are insoluble in the usual liquids used in these preparations, and the best one can do is to evolve a mix- ture which, when shaken, will hold these substances more or less completely in suspension. Henley's "Twentieth Century Book of Recipes" is authority for the following comment: Although in a liquid form, it does not necessarily follow, that a liquid polish is less economical than pastes, because the efficiency of both is dependent upon the amount of stearic or oleic acid they contain, and a liquid such as that given below is as rich in this respect as most of the pastes, especially those containing much mineral jelly and earthy matters which are practically inert, and can only be considered as filling material. Thus it is a fact that an ounce of fluid polish may possess more polishing potency than an equal weight of the paste. Proportions are: Crude oleic acid, 16 pounds; tasteless mineral oil, 4 pounds; kieselguhr, 5 pounds; lemon oil, 1]^ ounces. Make the earthy matter into a paste with the mixed fluids and gradually thin out, avoiding lumps. Apply with one rag, and finish with another. Here are two other formulas that have been published under the above title: (1) Alcohol 32 parts Solution of ammonia 3 parts Water 45 parts Carbon tetrachloride 6J4 parts Kieselguhr g parts White or red bole 4 parts Chalk 8 parts This formula, according to a writer in the Ch. & Dr., pro- duces a metal polishing cream which has the advantage of be- ing a grease solvent, as well as a polishing medium, while the addition of carbon tetrachloride keeps it out of the category of inflammable polishes. Soft soap 2 pounds Water 10 pints Borax 8 ounces Ammonia water ly^ ounces Infusorial earth 2 pounds Tripoli 8 ounces Dissolve the soap in water by means of heat, adding the borax. Remove from the fire, and when cooled, add the am- monia and stir in the powders, mixing thoroughly. LABORATORY MANUAL FOR THE DETECTION OF POISONS AND POWERFUL DRUGS. By Dr. WiUiVm Autenfkth pVo fessor m the University of Freiburg. Authorized translation of the completely revised fourth German edition. By William Warren, professor of chemistry in Wheaton College. 8 vc, 320 pages, cloth, $2. Philadelphia. P. Blakiston's Son & Co. The new edition of the book noted above is larger than i*s predecessor, and contains much new matter which brings the subject well down to date so far as new processes and tests are concerned. "The scope of the book is shown by the following outline : Chapter I treats of poisons volatile with steam ; chap- ter II, organic poisons, especially the alkaloids, hydrastine and veronal being introduced for the first time; chapter III deals with metallic noisons; chapter IV, toxic substances not con tained in the preceding groups. In this group are introduced for the first time, cantharidin, cytisine, ergot, papaverine, pil- ocarpine, saponin substances, .solanine, thebaine, and the toxal- bumins, ricin, abrin and crotin. Chapter V presents special qualitative and quantitative meth- ods, chapter VI, the estimation of alkaloids and other active principles in raw materials (drugs) and their preparations; and chapter VII describes the methods employed in detecting carbon rnonoxide m blood, in recognizing blood itself in stains and in differentiating human from animal blood. As a laboratory manual for students or a handbook for chemists and pharma- cists, this book is sure to prove of service. -16 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [-March. 191o Sterilization of Morphine Solutions — Many processes have been proposed for sterilizing morphine solutions, but in none does the purity of the morphine used seem to have been taken into account. Deussen has already pointed out that brands of morphine are on the market, which conform to the requirements of the German Pharmacopoeia, yet cannot be regarded as pure. He has now shown that the degree of purity has a great influence on the ability of mor- phine salts to withstand sterilization. The process was car- ried out in small wide-necked flasks, of about 30 cc. capacity. The flask was sterilized by exposure to steam for 30 minutes. The glass stopper was heated in dilute hydrochloric acid, rinsed, and dried. The morphine solution (2 per cent) was then in- troGuced. and the stopper inserted loosely. Sterilization pro- ceeded in live steam for 30 minutes. At both the beginning and the end of the test, the color of the solution was observed in a layer 10 cm. deep. It was found that nearly all mor- phine samples, which passed the German requirements, gave at least slightly yellow solutions after heating. If, however, the morphine hydrochloride was carefully recrystallized, by so- lution in water and evaporation of the solvent in a vacuum de- siccator containing solid caustic potash, the purified salt solu- tion showed no color in a layer of 10 cm., and only a very faint yellow in a layer of 20 cm. Hence, Duessen believes that not only should nothing but freshly distilled and boiled water be used for sterile morphine solutions, but the salts themselves should have been recently recrystallized with extreme care. He favors the establishment of different grades of morphine, as is now the case with ether and chloroform. (Deussen, Muench. Med. Wochschr., 1914, p. 2339.) Modification of Kjeldahl Method — The dried substance is weighed out in a small glass cylinder, or, if a liquid, in an ampule of very thin glass, which may be crushed. A weight is taken varying from O.lg. for substances containing more than 10 per cent of nitrogen, to 0.6 g. for those with less than 5 per cent. The sample is introduced into a 300 cc. Jena flask, with 3 g. of pure oxalic acid, 2 g. of sodium oxalate, and 0.5 g. of vanadium pentoxide, the latter first having been thoroughly ignited, to drive out ammonium salts, which are usually present. A mixture of 5 cc. of syrupy phosphoric acid and 25 cc. of concentrated sulphuric acid is then added. Heating is conducted gradually, until the organic matter is destroyed, and the color changes from black to brown, reddish brown, and finally yellowish green. After cooling, the contents of the flask are diluted with 100 cc. of water, and about half a gram of iron wire is introduced. The liquid is then heated again for half an hour, and emptied into a large flask, where it is connected with the spray trap, alkali tube, etc., and the ammonia distilled off as usual. It is said that values obtained for nitrogen in morphine, strychnine, quinine, indol, and antipyrine agree very closely with the theoretical. (Wunder and Lascar, Ann. Chim. Analyt., 1914, p. 329; through Pharm. J.) Test for Lead in Water — To 50 cc. of the water to be tested add an equal volume of a 2 per cent solution of sodium bisulphite. If lead is present, a milky turbidity results. If the turbidity forms in 2 or 3 minutes, lead is present to the extent of 1 part per million. Barium and tin interfere, and must be absent, but copper, iron, sulphur, nickel, aluminum, magnesium, and calsium do not affect the results. (Chcm. Ztg. through Pharm. J., 1915, p. 99.) Determination of Saccharin — The purity of saccharin rxtrarted in analytical wnric may be ill In tiiinr.l liy titi itiii': il witli (ii-cinornia 1 sodium hydrox- iilr. iisiii!' plmiMlpliiii i I- n, IS milii atdr, T(i cimtrol the purity of cNtraitril Miiliviiii s,M 1 li.ii 111 I ir, the sodium may be estimated as chloride, or the .«ai . 1 i,i i m iii,i\' be thrown out of solulimi h\- dilute (6 per cent) li\ ■ I m n li li u ii arid, applying a correction nf 0.0403 g. of saccharin Im, .\ rv 100 cc. of solution. Anollu r method is to titrate tin ^ili wiU; dccinormal silver nitialf in neutral solution, usmu | k ii i ssiinn chrnniatc as indic atur. (Pazienti, Ann. Chin., I'Ut, p. 290; through J. Soc. Chem. Ind.) Constituents of Matricaria — The alcoholic extract of the flowers of Matricaria Chamomilla yield, on distillation with steam, a deep blue essential oil, containing furfurol. The aqueous solution remaining gave a sugar, chiefly levulose, and cholin. The ethereal solution yielded salicylic acid, an octylic acid, apigenin, and umbelli- ferone, as well as the methyl ether of the latter. .-Vmyl alcohol extracted a glucoside of apigenin. The usual fatty acids hydro- carbons, and phytosterols were also present. The chief constitu- tent of the ether-soluble portion of the resin appears to be a phytosterin glucoside. (Power and Browning, J. Chem. Soc, 1914, p. 2280; through Chem. Zentralblatt.) Active Principle of the Hypophysis — Hypophjsis extract (pituglandol) contains a specific active principle, which ex';rts a characteristic action on the biood pressure and respiration, and causes an increase in the muscle tone of the rat uterus. It is very sensitive towards alkalies, and is largely adsorbed by finely divided substances, such as lead sulphide, talc, etc. In its action with alkalies the active substance resembles pilocarpine, which it also resembles in its pharmacological effects. But when inactivated by alkalies, its activity cannot be restored by acids, in which respect it dif- fers from pilocarpine. Still closer is the similarity to acetyl- cholin. Beta-imidoazolethylamine differs from pituglandol in its stability towards alkalies, and its different action on the uterus. (Guggenheim, Biochem. Ztschr., 1914, 189.) The Deniges Test for Methyl Alcohol — Salkowski has made a careful study of the Deniges reaction for methyl alcohol in alcoholic liquids, and concludes that in judging the result of the test, great caution is nccessarj'. Certain carbohydrates, especially cane sugar and glucose, also give formaldehyde when treated with permanganate and acid ; hence spirituous liquors containing any of these sub- stances must first be distilled, before applying the test. It was further found, that after eliminating this source of error, all alcoholic liquors which were investigated, including cognac, rum, and wine, as well as alcohol prepared directly by the fermentation of glucose, contained substances volatile with water vapor, which yield formaldehyde on oxidation. It can- not be assumed that this volatile substance is always methyl alcohol, and that the latter is a constant but hitherto unobserved product of alcoholic fermentation. Glycerin was fixed upon as the only substance to be considered as causing the reaction, since alcoholic liquids to which glycerin had been added be- haved in all respects like the liquors investigated. The pres- ence of methvl alcohol is indicated only when the reaction is very intense. (Salkowski, Z. Nahr. Genussm., 1914, p. 225; througn Chem. Zentralblatt.) Magnesium Citrate — Magnesium salts have been uscdmedicir '' ~' 5.w!;en Grew separated magnesium sulphate fro: ..itirs. Magnesium citrate solution was introdu. : ..i" its pleasant tastr This solution possesses n n:,irki!'i' i ; .HH'rties. If till ^11 |M I ( I lit .solution is kept for some days, an amorphous precipitili- l'(irn;s, which slowly increases in amount and be- comes irystallini'. The ir\sta!< ,.'!:vi uncsium citrate with 14 ninlixulos nf w.iti r nf i .::id are soluble in water at 25° only to \hr iM >. in 100. The formation of tlif prei ipit.itr ran ... arrording to the .suggestions of Wijiis and Ifikdens. by using double the amount of ritrir ari.l. and rorrccting tlie taste with sugar. Bouvrt, anil, latii'. Drrker. found that sterilization of the solntion ]irrvrntr(i the growth of the sediment. The phenome- non is not due to liacteria, however, but to the universal prcs- rnii of "inf.rtin!;" material, which causes crystallization The "strrili/alion" acts merely by dissolving the mapiicsium ritriti l ornialin and other antiseptics do not prevent pre- (ipit.ition .Vpiiarently, magnesium citrate is peculiar in sev- eral ways. A double-normal solution of the salt is not at al" bitter, while a decinormal solution is bitter. Complexions appear to be formed, and the subsUince acts like a binarj' electrolyte. (Blonihcrg. Pharm. Zentralhallc. 1914. p. 1045.) THE PIIAK-MACErTICAL ERA 117 Conducted by EMMA GARY WALLACE Cashing in on House Cleaning E\ERY spring, ever>' well-regulated American home spends good, round dollars for cleaning and rejuvenat- ing supplies. Part of these go to one nicrcluuit and' part to another. The pharmacist, particularly the woman pharmacist, has an especial advantage over all other i>eoplc who have supplies of this kind to sell, did she but realize it. In place ot taking the crumbs of this profitable trade, why not lay plans to capture the lion's share of it.-* // there are one thousand families or households in your trade-following and each would spend three dollars — a con- servative estimate — with you at this time, the result* would mean the profit on three thousand dollars. Figure it your- self at your own rate of clean-up, and the product thereof is bound to be interesting. Begin the educational and sales campaign early, for here as elsewhere, the leader wins. Point out in crisp newspaper publicity paragraphs that a sanitary home means a healthy one; that the u-ise woman deans early before warm weather comes and assistants employed by the day are all tired out; that half-way viecsures offer no protection; that the right sort of supplies are absolutely necessary to make the work effective; and that your supplies are selected by a woman for women's work. Then, do not spoil a good beginning by a commonplace, idealess continuation of affairs. That is, do not proceed to say cari->- disinfectants, ammonia, rubber gloves, ben- zine, dye stuffs, etc" That will sell a few goods for your- self, a few for your competitor, and a few more for other individuals carrying any of tJiesc goods in stock. Emphasize the fact tbat as a woman pharmacist, you know exactly what is needed in the way of high grade suplies, how to make them if need be, and how to instruct the cus- tomer to use them. jSIany .sales are lost because the public does not realize a certain need or else does not know how to meet it. Do some advance v,rork on such practical lines. ( 1 ; How to free a room of dangerous germs and make it safe and healthful (sulphur candles, fumigators, disin- fectants). (2) How to clean a hot air register and leader pipe of dust accumulations (.\pply vacuum cleaner to register over which has been placed gauze wrung out of carbolic sol.). (3) How to make faded coverings, hangings, cushions, etc. harmonize in color tones (dye stuffs), (4) How to sterilize baby's bottles and food dishes, (5) How to care for sick room utensils (liquid disinfectants), (6) The various uses of die cleaning fluids, bleaches, wash- ins compounds, disinfectants, stain removers, etc. you sell. (7) The difference between such rubber gloves as you offer and the ordinary kind. (8; 'I he facts concerning the cleaning sponges, chamois, and absorbent gauzes you have to offer. (9) The before-the-war and the present price of carbolic acid, together with directions for household use and cau- tions concerning goods too cheap to represent "pure drugs." (10) Suggest use of a good furniture polish and offer a spe- cial price by the pint. (11) Suggest the use of dull spring days for silver cleaning and tell of some good creams and silver cleaning mix- tures. Give a simple recipe or two, to stimulate certain sales. Some people have more faith in what they mix up themselves. (12^ Get after the moth situation and tell how to clean, pack, and store furs, pushing moth preventives at the same time. (13) If wall paper is a side line, urge the influence of clean, harmonious walls on family health and digestion and offer free advice on "Good form in decoration." (14) Make a "One dollar housecleaning pantry offer." That is, a combination of spices, flavoring extracts, soda, cream tartar baking powder, etc. Offer to give every housewife the privilige of filling out her used-up supplies to the ex- tent of $1.25 for $1 cash, or else give a premium with the straight dollar's worth of goods, a tooth brush, or a box of talcum. Perhaps the shelves or stock room will reveal goods which will answer this purpose. (15) Push tonics and cold creams now and show need of them. These are only a very few of the many lines which may be the subject of informative advertising, store talks, window dis- plays, folders to enclose with parcels, etc. Store demonstrations will also pay with some articles. It is an unmistakable trend of the times that the big house- hold magazines are all offering varied branches of free help- ful service. It pays them to do so from the advertising stand- point and it will pay the woman pharmacist equally well to make personal friends of her customers, remembering them by name and holding herself ready to stimulate trade for the mutual benefit of herself and her patron. Miss Alice G. Coleman MISS ALICE G. COLEMAN, who is the capable phar- macist at the Medfield State Hospital, Harding, Mass., was born on the Island of Nantucket, June 30, 1891. Her early education was obtained in the schools of the Island and with graduation came the desire to go to the "Continent" and complete her education. Her first interest in pharmacy was gained through wandering over the moors, gathering wild flowers, and learning the ones that were of medicinal as well as of artistic value only. In the fall of 1911 Miss Coleman enrolled as a pupil at the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and she says that more than once as the course grew harder, she wished she were back wandering over her beloved moors or tramping the beach after a storm, but she did not come of ancestors who gave up easily, and so she stuck close to the helm and weathered the voyage she had undertaken, coming into port on time with the graduat- ing class of 1914. .'Vfter a two weeks' vacation. Miss Coleman began work at the State Hospital where she still serves. On her "day off" she returns to the college for special study in bacteriology and hopes by this means to complete the Post Graduate Course during her spare time in a few years. Miss Coleman is sure to succeed in her last ambition. She has grasped the truth that there is more room at the top than lower down the ladder. NOTES FKOM THE FIELD Success in pharmacy like success in any other line of work depends upon inclination, adaptation, education and applica- tion. Given these four corner stones and a solid structure may be reared. Miss Julia Lathrop, Head of the Federal Children's, Bureau is a woman who may be depended upon to look in sane manner upon the safeguarding of the health and health conditions of her charges. Child labor and welfare laws are under advisement in many states which will if enacted, affect the employment and working hours of messenger and errand boys and will also limit the classes of goods which may be handled by minors. ,\nd now a number of medical investigators come forward and declare that music is a wonderful factor in soothing the ailing and the nifntally deficient. Perhaps the day is not far distant whin tin pli\si(i;m will be writing for a nocturn or a sonata. :i solo lii ;i ilw \ iii-.ti id of rhubarb and fever mixtures and sedative comliinii ticms. Truly the side lines multiply. That "Votes For Women" will eventually influence the sta- tus of the woman pharmacist is certain, bringing about a rec- ognition of hospital dispensary service as legal apprenticeship and equalizing requirements and privileges. However, the 118 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [March,, 1915 Mrs. Richard Krestg Pres. St. Louis Chaptej Mrs. R. G. Rutherford Brooklyn, N. Y., 5th v-p W. O. N. A. R. D. Mrs. Mary S. Cooper Pres. Boston Chapter woman pharmacist everywhere deplores the employment of un- dignified and unwomanly measures. All worth-while progress is the result of gradual development rather than of ill-advised force. There are those who feel and not without cause that -n educational requirement should be a determining factor of franchise for men and women alike. W. O. N. A. R. D. Organization Ideals "It is so hard to work with a definite ideal in mind, when there are so many opinions to consider. So far all has been social. I do hope for greater things since becoming affiliated with the 'Woman's Council of St. Louis.' The slogan of the Council is 'St. Louis women for St. Louis.' "I would like to impress upon our Chapter the need of help- ing the 'woman' less fortunately situated than we are. The delinquent woman of our city is a very delicate subject and needs very careful thought and consideration. The 'Woman's Council' is taking up this work fully and I would like our Chapter to co-operate with them in this work. "I also expect to have lectures or short talks on different subjects in connection with our social programs throughout the year and to see great progress." (Signed) Mrs. Richard Kring, Pres. St. Louis Chapter No. 8. . "In regard to my hopes for the Organization for the coming year, I might say that after reading the September Bulletin, I was much impressed with the remarkable success achieved in the past. "I have no fear that the coming year will see the work move less steadily onward in the worthy lines already under- taken." (Signed) Mrs. R. G. Rutherford, Fifth Vice-President W. O. N. A. R. D. "The earnest desire of my heart is that every member of the W. O. N. A. R. D. shall put real energy behind every endeavor for the advancement and betterment of our Organization. Suc- cess will crown our efforts if each will lend her strength wil- lingly and completely, not otherwise. "Let us all be true, pure, strong, and brave. Be given — and forget the gift. Smile and lift!" (Signed) Mrs. Nellie Florence Lee, Secretary W. O. N. A. R. D. "My Ideal for the W. O. is true progress along worthwhile lines. In looking back over the work I find we have advanced steadily each year. I would like to sec the meetings of local Committees better attended and the work of all Committees entered into with zeal. They are an inspiration and tend to make one more keen for the general good and help to keep up the interest. "The Literary Committee of our own Boston Chapter has done such excellent work in the past it is going to be difficult to beat our own record. In this line as in all other committee •lines, let us put our shoulders to the wheel, so that we may nis year to. lise to con-j ■ is on thd lave set ouri make appreciable advance in the year 1915. In the work of the local Chapter we have added Conservatism this year to, our work and the Home Economics meetings promise tinue to be increasingly helpful. Boston Chapter march and the New Year looks very bright. We have eyes forward and expect to make the goal." (Signed) Mrs. John W. Lowe, Chairman Committee on Publicity. "It is my opinion that the National W. O. N. A. R. D. should advocate that the local Organization associate themselve with the National Federation of Women's Clubs, which been done by our local Organization affiliating themselves wi the St. Louis Women's Council. This Council furnishes local W. O. N. A. R. D. with speakers from time to tin from national as well as local Organizations, with subjects national as well as local interest. Presently the local Organiza- tion is attempting the establishment of more drinking fountai throughout the city of St. Louis, likewise advocating mor sanitary conditions for the general betterment of health, and in fact any civic movement, particularly those pertaining to women, are special subjects for discussion at the meetings. While these subjects may not appeal to j'ou particularly at this time, I feel quite sure that the workings would make a de- cided impression upon you, were you privileged to attend one of the meetings." (Signed) Mrs. Delia P. Pauley, Third Vice- President W. O. N. A. R. D. a fe J • meml "I might write at some length, but will just say words. I should like to see greater activity among our hers along the lines spoken of in .Article 2. Section 2 of thi W. O. N. A. R. D. Constitution. I would like to call at4 tention to the appeals sent out by Mrs. E. C. Ripley of Boston, Chairman of the Educational Department of th^ General Federation of Clubs, for a country-wide campaign to reduce illiteracy. Here is a work that the isolated member can do just as we" as a Chapter member. "Again, I would like to see more earnest endeavor and en thusiasm along the lines of Committee work, especially in the Federated Chapters. The question has been asked 'Why join the Federation?' and the answer is 'To help and be helped.' "1 feel very strongly about the matter of co-operative help- fulness, — so many seem half-hearted, and what can be ac- complished with that for the driving power?" (Signed") Mr« Mary S. Cooper, President Boston Chapter W. O. / Thiophysein — An addition-product of ethyl-fhio-urea ani ethyl iodide. Easily soluble in water, and therefore a suitabfe form for the administration of iodine in org:anic combinatii Thymin-Poehl. — specially prepared aqueous extract of thf thymus glands of calves, evaporated to dryness, and issued m tablets. r Urioson. — A gout-remedy, said to contain magnesium peroxii piperazine, parsley-root, and lemon-peel. 1 Mabch, 1915] THE PHAEMACEUTICAL ERA 119 The Advance of Women in Pharmacy and the AlHed Professions An Address delivered by Grace I. Harper, President of the American Women's Pharmaceutical Associa- tion at the February meeting held in the New York College of Pharmacy LADIES, the command of the constitution has to be obeyed, and I am to present an address at this, the second meet- ing of my administration. I have not the slightest objec- tion to lecturing to a class of sophomore, junior or senior stu- dents, but to address an assemblage of graduates is altogether a different matter, because some of you could ibetter do this duty, but, be that as it may, I yield to no one in my enthusiasm on the subject on which I have decided to address you, and that is Women in the Professions. I mean by the professions, pharmacy, medicine, and dentistry. There are, of |COurse, other professions into which •women are coming, but the allied profes- sions I have mentioned are nearest our 'hearts. In these days the professional women are so busy that they rarely stop to think of the goodly lineage of foresis- tcrs, those noble, patient, self-sacrificing women who in the face of contumely al- ■'most, still persisted in demanding and Grace I. Harper finally winning recognition of their ability, and, having won, 'have they not shown by true womanly devotion to the ideal they had set for tiiemselves that they could do just as well as any man ever could or will do? Stone upon stone has the , foundation been laid, brick upon brick has been added, and we are still working, working, and we shall continue to work until . the splendid edifice we have planned shall be acknowledged as finished, completed, worthy of the builders. As we look for- "■ward, we must realize that on us assembled here to-night is [.'devolved the responsibility of being master workwomen while I our chances last. I We cannot help looking backward to the interesting historical r characters who have preceded vis in the upbuilding of our pro- I fession. In the year 1879, a frail, timid little Quaker woman [courageously applied for admission in the Philadelphia College Pof Pharmacy. I say frail, for Dr. Susan Hayhurst was then ''fifty-nine years of age, an age at which some of us may con- sider as time to enjoy a well-earned rest tinder our own vine ]; and fig tree and to watch over and care for the coming genera- ' tion of druggists or pharmacists, male or female, as the case ' may be. But this brave woman, a graduate in medicine, class l^'of 1837, entered a pharmacy class twenty-two years later. Very probably the male members of the class were not glad to re- ceive this one lone, elderly woman, thus edging her way into a profession formerly made up of men only. It is conceivable that they may have resented this invasion, but they made -o offensive demonstrations. It is well to remember right here that Elizabeth Marshall, though not a graduate in pharmacy, was the first woman to practice the profession in America. You all know that Dr. Mary Putnam Jacobi graduated from the New York College of Pharmacy in 1883. This was also "the year that Philadelphia sent forth her first woman graduate in pharmacy. It is probable that Dr. Jacobi never engaged in the practice of pharmacy, having become distinguished as a teacher and practitioner in medicine. We caimot realize how much we owe to these pioneers in our chosen profession. To Dr. Hayhurst we are indebted for our opportunity. She broke the ground, for during her more than thirty years of service as pharmacist of the Woman's Hospital in Philadelphia, she gave employment to some sixty young women. For many years the dispensary at this place was the only field where women could acquire a real, practical knowledge of the profession together with its business side, owing to the prejudice which existed against women pharma- idsts; consequenUy it was in this position that Dr. Hayhurst was able to give to girls the opportunity of receiving practical instruction, and her labors were more than appreciated. I am sure you will perceive how much we all owe the first woman 'graduate in pharmacy, and how clearly the splendid results since obtained all point back to her courage and persistence in ^opening to women the field of pharmacy. She surely has made the path easier for many a woman, striving for the coveted Ph. G. or Phar. D. Thirty years ago a woman pharmacist was tinheard of in this state, while to-day, thanks to Dr. Hayhurst, there are a score or more drug stores owned or managed by women. If you go into a drug store and a young lady waits on you, don't ask for the manager or her father — she is liable to be the boss. In other places young women act as responsible prescription clerks. Some are helping husband, father or brothers to run the business, keeping an eye meanwhile on the male graduates, perhaps with not more , particular purpose in view than to merely keep track of their successes in tlie field, but at the same time fully realizing that they are not at all undesirable acquaintances, because there are times when a woman's counsel to even the best and most successful of men may not come amiss. Women in pharmacy to-day are not of the "clinging-vine va- riety," as some would have us think when we apply for posi- tions. They are more like the hickory sapling which may be bent, but not broken. The possibilities of the drug busmess are being recognized by women, and to them it affords pleasant, profitable and congenial employment. Nearly every hospital in the city has recognized the female pharmacist; she ahnost monopolizes the preparation of drugs and prescriptions in many. After all, it is only work, good, hard work, and there is no good reason why a woman should not succeed as well as a man, when the same studies have been taken. She has to take the same chances; she must fight the same battle and run the same risks of defeat. I have not had recourse to any library in obtaining my in- formation about Dr. Hayhurst's life and character, for I was one of her girls, as she called us, and I have always considered it a great privilege that Fate cast my lot with her and made me a member of her "pharmaceutical family." She was always diligent, always seeking knowledge, even in the last years of her busy life, always poring over books, and freely giving to her associates and pupils the information she so painstakingly gathered. She was a veritable mine of information. While her disposition was kindly she could express herself quite for- cibly when any one of us neglected our duty and committed, as she expressed it, a "pharmaceutical crime." It is rarely given to any one to spend so many years in teaching pharmacy, yet she has this distinction, and we, her sisters in pharmacy, can but cherish her memory. In medicine, it was of course befitting that America should be the first to graduate a woman from any of its medical col- leges. The course in many of our colleges and universities is co-educational. There are but two colleges in the English speaking world to-day where women may pursue the study of medicine in an institution limited to women students only. As sister pharmacists, we believe in the woman doctor; we believe in developing woman's power to help her own sex; we believe that through a medical education women may reach the highest grade of opportunity to minister to the needs of women and children. To-day, there is a more insistent call for the woman doctor than there has ever been before. In the field of medical spe- cialization, in many departments of education, in social service, in industrial and civic conditions, in child welfare, and social betterment problems— wherever there are women and wherever women need women there is work for the woman physician. Physician and helper she must be. As a physician she now knows little of the social ostracism that attended the pioneers of the profession. Honor is due Elizabeth Blackwell as being the first woman physician to graduate in this country, and New York state claims her graduation. Women have achieved success in den- tistry. I am told there are about twenty-five young women now taking a course in dentistry in this city. Women are famous extractors in every other line of endeavor, so why should they not succeed in dentistry? Women are specializing in all branches of these professions. Alice Henkel, Ph. G., is assistant in Drug and Plant Investi- gation in the Department of Agriculture at Washington, and as such issues many important bulletins. These bulletins re- mind one of the love of the olden-time doctor for his boUnic garden. The writing of tliese must be a labor of love. No one 120 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [March, 191| can ever discover an affection purer, sweeter or more refining or exhilarating than field botanical excursions, followed by the painstaking work of identification. You are all too well in- formed of the splendid work being done by Dr. Josephine Baker in our own city in the Board of Health for me to tell you of it again to-night. Then too, only recently have you read of the noble work of Dr. Dorothy Smiley? She has gone "to the front" — right to the very front for she is in a Belgian fortress, caring for the wounded soldiers; she belongs to the Royal Army Corps of the British army ; she may be to-night where duty calls her, either on the battle lines directing the care of the fallen ones, or may be taking the last message of a brave soldier to his loved ones at home. Our own Dr. Mary Crawford of Brooklyn is doing splendid work in helping to alleviate the sufferings of the soldiers. Dr. Crawford is widely known as our first female ambulance surgeon, hence her nam'; needs no introduction to this association. We are glad to hear that the University of Pennsylvania has opened its course in medicine to women. What more incentive do we need? We have invaded the sci- ences, and no longer are tainted with the old heresy that we are trying to usurp a man's place. We have simply come into our own. We must measure up to the standard which our sisters of a quarter of a century ago established. To do this requires study, concentration of effort, attention to detad, and not merely attention to detail ; we must be able to master de- tail without wasted effort. We must teach this to ourselves, no one else can do it for us. We must be able to go straight to the mark which has been set for us; no faltering, no dally- ing by the wayside if we would be respected and admired for our attainments in our chosen field. But what of us? What of the Association of which you have honored me with its presidency? What can we do? What must we do to be worthy of our membership? We need not be mental giants, nor need we be offensively devoted :o our ■work. What we must do is plain. We have daily tc^sks, Liut ■we have leisure moments as well. We must train ourselves tc find pleasure in research, as well as pleasure in lighter readiti'^ The topics of the day should be considered and if not fully understood, we should not be ashamed to ask questions. Only in this way can we mingle with the world on an equal footing, and our intellectual attainments become known and recognized. You have formed an Association — an association for what, please? As I understand the word association, helpfulness one to the other is implied in your membership. You cannot dele- gate your work, you cannot neglect your association and expect to receive helpfulness from it, unless you give something of your own self to it; something beyond the mere remembrance of the next meeting day is essentially necessary. You must do something and you means every one of you. Bring some topics of the day, some problem of your work, some question you want answered. Bring something to give away — some observation, some thought or a note of some hap- pening in the business or profession. Bring something beside your own physical self, and leave something of yourself ; only in this way can we be an association that is successful. I want your co-operation. I want to be able to rely on you for your share of the work. It is work that must be done. I am eager to do all I can, and, to-night, I want you to think of what should be done at our next meeting; what problems are to be faced, what subjects to be considered, what is to be done to knit the association together into a working unit; into a successful, homogeneous body of women pharmacists, as an instituliMii iliit (li-,irves to exist because it shows a reason for il- 1. li' lp! . . . and the strength that is there .1.1 ,, I I II my own anew. 1 can loin- the li.uht and win, by the Gods! But not by myself — but with you." Legal Decisions Recovery Back of Invalid License Tax Paid A r,,,,, ,,f ,1. ,1. ■ , !■ ..'1 .'mmI.s in thr , Mv ,.| I , l.,no„. Ky., 1,1 ic. ili' i • rwards mill IM \!.■ W.ls .l.-.llrl.s l.lou-lll Mill .l.^.llllSt thC \ i<<-<\ci what they had paid; from a judgment in their li ili 111 ( iiy appealed. In a very similar case, Spalding v. ent or t th^' whd lot, 3 ) City of Lebanon,156 Ky. 37, 100 S. W. 751, 49 L. R. A. (N. S.) 287, the court gave judgment for the dealer. The city now contended, however, that the ordinance in question was enacted at the request of the dealers, who were present when it was adopted by the council, and this being so, they were estopped to attack its validity, especially in view of the fact that they had enjoyed the benefits conferred by the ordi- nance and received the protection it afforded during the time they paid the license tax sought to be recovered. The court, however, rejected this contention on the ground that the ordinance did not confer any benefits or privileges on the dealers, nor did it afford them any protection. At the time of the attempted enactment of the ordinance, they were engaged in the sale of soft drinks in the city of Lebanon, and, until this ordinance, were not required to pay the city any U cense tax for conducting their business, so that, except fo this ordinance, they could have continued to sell soft drink without being subjected to any license tax during the time the paid the license tax under the ordinance. The city had na authority, except by virtue of a valid ordinance, to collect the tax the plaintiffs paid; but, notwithstanding this, it exacted and the plaintiffs paid, under a void ordinance, the tax. The ordinance, being void, did not confer upon them any benefit Bottling Explosion — Necessity for Gloves and Mask In an action for injuries to a servant while engaged in filling siphon bottles with high pressure carbonated water, one of which bottles exploded, it was claimed by the defendant that the testimony showed that the use of gloves and mask is not practicable in filling siphon bottles, and that, therefore, the plaintiff had not brought himself within the terms of the Oregon Employers' Liability Act. requiring the use by employ- ers of "every device, care and protection which it is practicable to use for the protection and safety of life and limb." The testimony on this point was conflicting. The plaintiff, who had two years' experience in bottling, thought the use of them practicable, and requested the defendant's manager to furnish them. .\t the time the request was made the manager evi- dently thought their use • practicable, because he promised to procure them .A witness for the plaintiff thought them prac- ticable, though he admitted they may render the process of l)oltlin!j s'lm. Willi slower, and said that many, and in fact niii-iii\ I ' n' . refuse to use them for that reason. Witness 111: . lit further than this, and said in effect that till ir Us- Is I! I 1 .liiable. So there was evidence to go to the jury in shim 'ii "i the plaintiff's theor>'. and the appellate court will not ilistuili ill'- verdict of a jury where there is any sub- stantial c\ idtn( i 111 support it. In cases of contradictory testi- mony the jury and not the court is the judge of its value and effect. (Heiser v. Shasta Water Co., Oregon Supreme Court, 143 Pac. 917). 'Where Possession of Cocaine is a Misdemeanor Xorth Carolina Laws. 1913. c. SI, Sec. 2. makes possession of cocaine by a person other than a physician, dentist, veteri- nary .surgeon or druggist, unless obtained bona fide on a pre- scription, a misdemeanor and declares possession prima facie evidence of violation of the statute. It is held that the finding by an officer of cocaine in large quantity in a secret srutt c hole, covered by a picture, over a kitchen door, in a house i rented and occupied by the defendant, is sufficient to establish possession within the statute. (State v. Ross, North Carolina Supreme Court. 83 S. E. 307). News and Trade Section j Mostly Personal j ■ — Dk. \Vm. C. Al.l'KKS, dean of the Cleveland School of ' Pharmacy, was presented with a loving cup by tlie Northern ! Ohio Druggists' Association on the occasion of the recent annual meeting of the pharmaceutical ! i in- ; t of the Academy of Medicine, held in Clevel.n is and Charles Bowman, president of the Ohio 1 -peakers at the meeting, the former lecturing on di_ . liic latter having as his subject "The Federation of ilic I'ublic Health , Service." It was following the disposition of the official busi- I ness that the secretary of the Xorihcrn Ohio D. A., in behalf of that organization, presented the cup, dwelling in his speech upon Dr. .-Mpers' activities as a pharmacist, journalist and teacher. Engraved upon the cup is the inscription "William C. Alpers. In thankful recognition of his services to pharmacy. From the Northern Ohio Druggists .Association, January 29, 1915)." Dr. Alpers was greatly surprised and visibly touched by the gift. — M. F. Word, druggist, Cartersville, Ga., according to the Bartau.' Tribune of that city, has found the most practical use of the Congressional Record yet adopted hv any private citizen. Recently he made up an attractive window display consisting of dll the prescriptions he had filled during his business life as a pharmacist in Cartersville, beginning with Sept. 2, 1S81. These prescriptions were pasted in an orderly manner in books, and their exhibition is said to have recalled much of the reminiscent history of Cartersville and surrounding country. Many of the prescriptions were signed by physicians who practiced in that part of the State m.ore than thirty years ago, many of whom are now dead. In filing the prescriptions Mr. Word found use for the Record, and as the Tribune reporter observes, "it is these bound records of the oratory of the past thirty years that contain tlie prescriptions which are pasted on the leaves of the volumes used." Hence the afore-mentioned comment! — George F. Stier, of Cincinnati, who operates two of the handsomest and most prosperous suburban drug stores in the city, was recently honored by appointment by Col. A. C. Gil- ligan, Cincinnati Collector of Internal Revenue, as the inspector of drug stores, physicians' offices, hospitals, and other places where drugs are dispensed, such an inspector being required under the provisions of the new Federal anti-narcotic law. Mr. Stier's title is Special Deputy Collector, and he will make or have charge of all inspections made in this district under the new act. He has assumed his new duties, local druggists greatly appreciating the honor done them in the appointment of one of their number to this position, as well as the fact that the requirements of the law will be rendered much less onerous in this way than might otherwise have been the case. Mr. Stier will receive a salary of $1,200 a year and expenses. — H. H. E.MOX. a druggist at San Francisco, and formerly in the drug business at Boyne Falls, Mich., recently wrote his brother, F. J. Eaton of Petoskey, Mich., an interesting letter describing a trip he made out in San Francisco bay to visit the old battleship Oregon. He also saw the old British convict ship Success. 125 years old, used to carry convicts from Eng- land to .Australia, and the cruiser St. Louis, a modem 22-knot war ves,sel. The old Oregon, Mr. Eaton wrote, had all it could do now to "kick" along at 13 knots. The letter was published in a local Petoskey paper. —Ed. Brown, Atlanta, Ga.. druggist, recently cashed a $100 check for C. Harrison, a cripple who was brought into his drug store for first aid to the injured. Automobile rides were ex- changed by the druggist and the man he had succored, and the latter introduced the former to his attractive young wife. The exchange of pleasantries continued until the check came back. Then the druggist had his new-found friends arrested. Harrison was bound over under bond in the sum of $1,000, and his "wife" was detained as an accomplice under $100 bond. — Frank W. Flvck, the North Philadelphia druggist, is chairman of the Emergency aid committee in his section of the city and is playing an active part in the relief movement in Nnnl;>\ . ri:il,iilclphia. Recently, the funds at the disposition (if ih,' K.iiiiiiiiii r were found to be inadequate to cover the work oiitlinnl ,iihI II W IS lUKSsary to call a meeting of the Northwest l'.u>iiu.-s .Mi ll s .\>s.i. i.ition for the purpose of organizing a .Wmhwist Lni. r-i ii.y Relief Fund. At the meeting Mr. Fluck (Icsi riliud llif situ itinn confronting his committee. — 1. L. ]>^ll^s, Jr., of I. L. Lyons & Co., wholesale and re- tail cliuL;i;isi>. Nru Orleans, has been elected a member of the Board of Directors of the New Orleans Association of Com- merce. This organization is said to be one of the five largest and most influential commercial bodies in the country, and Mr. Lyons' election to the directorate is a recognition that the drug interests have as much concern in the broader phases of civic work and community building as any other class. — FR.A.NK P. K. Oldfield, who left the drug business in Detroit, Mich., in 1895 or thereabouts, for politics, and was journal clerk during the administration of Hazen S. Pingree, when council meetings were called sometimes three times a week, was a recent visitor in Detroit. He is in the insurance business in Chicago now and is special agent for the Security Life Insurance Company of America. He led all agents of that company on examined business for the month of December. ■ — George J. Weigle, pharmacist and former State senator, Milwaukee, Wis., was recently appointed State dairy and food commissioner to succeed J. Q. Emery. If confirmed, the posi- tion will pay him $3,000 per annum for two years, at least. Mr. Weigle opened his first drug store when 22 years cf age. His pharmacy is one of the largest in Milwaukee. He wks elected State senator in 1910, but was not active, '.u ih^ iccnt political campaign. He is a Republican. — A. E. Millard, manager of the Dow drug store at Peebles' Corner, the busiest suburban business center around Cincinnati, showed recently that he can do other things than run a drug store in first-class style, when he took an active part in the work which resulted in the elimination of a neighborhood nuisance of long standing in the vicinity of Blair avenue and Ridgeway street, Avondale, in the shape of a coal-yard. — James B. Early, of Kansas, was appointed chief pharma- cist to the Detroit, Mich., poor commission, his grade by ex- amination being 98 per cent. Ordinarily, his being a non-resi- dent would have barred him, but Dr. Stanley G. Miner, mem- ber of the commission, succeeded in convincing the civil service commission that the one-year residence regulation was of no value as applied to positions in his sphere of influence. — Arthur von Rohr, of Winona, Minn., a member oi the State Board of Pharmacy, recently married Miss Margaret Gamock, of the same city. Mr. von Rohr visited Minneapolis, ostensibly to attend the meeting of the Board, while Miss Gar- nock visited that city to visit friends. The wedding took place in the Twin Cities, the Rev. A. Ernest, of St. Paul, a brother- in-law of the groom, officiating. — Christian Schertz, druggist of New Orleans, La., re- cently gave a tramp the chance to earn "the price of a meal." It must have been "some" meal, for the tramp rifled Mr. Schertz's desk of $82. The store did not need cleaning, but the druggist thought he would prove the worth of the man, and put him to work cleaning. The tramp cleaned up and cleaned out. — H. W. IIi:TJi,x:\nT,T.ER, who for several years conducted the drug store at Fifth and Plum streets, in Cincinnati, recently going out of business on account of bankruptcy proceedings, is now with the Weathcrhead Drug Co., Sixth and Vine streets, same city. President Boles is reported to have congratulated himself on securing the services of Mr. Huttenmiller. —Raymond N. Graeff and Miss Eleanor Brooks, both of Lebanon, Pa., were married recently. The marriage resulted from the illness of Mr. Graeff, a wellknown druggist, several years ago. He became ill during an epidemic of smaIlpo.x in Lebanon, and was sent to the Municipal ho.spital, where Miss Brooks was in charge. — W. A. Ball, Church street druggist of Carmi, 111., recently sustained a badly .sprained ankle when a ladder from which he was scraping snow from a roof gutter, fell and dropped him 12 feet to a front porch roof. Had the latter been of the 122 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [Mabch, 1915 sloping variety he might have been seriously injured. He was obliged to use crutches after the accident. — A. H. TiLLSON, elderly druggist of Dixon, III., was recently held up by a six-foot, 200-pound highwayman, who relieved the former of one silver dollar. The thief held Mr. Tillson by the throat until he produced his pocket book. He was quite unnerved by the experience, but congratulated himself that he was treated with such respect as had been accorded him. — Frank Snyder, a druggist of Lindenwald, a suburb of Hamilton, O., is installing a grocery department as a part of his drug store. A fine line of groceries will be handled. The department was installed as the result of a real demand ; and the question may ultimately arise as to whether the store is a pharmacy or a grocery. — Former Councilman R. V. Muldoon, who until recently conducted the drug store at First and Centre avenue, Atlantic Highlands, N. J., has retired from that business and accepted a position as a department manager with the Horton Ice Cream Co. He will reside for the present in Jersey City. — Dean L. E. Sayke, of the Kansas State university school of pharmacy, recently addressed a meeting of medical men of Wichita. He spoke particularly upon the problems resulting from the introduction of new agents, such as the serums and synthetic organic products into medical practice. —Thomas G. Pocock, a druggist of Chicago, baited a rabid collie dog on a rear porch of his home until a policeman ar- rived and shot the animal dead. Mr. Pocock was afraid if he let it run wild it might bite children playing in the yard and on the front porch. He received a slight scratch. — C. L. Chittenden, of St. Louis, is seeking the nomination for the presidency of the Missouri Pharmaceutical Travelers' Association and W. F, Kahre, Lilly manager in St. Louis, is his campaign manager. Mr. Chittenden is said to be the old - in-attendance at the association meetings. — Frank W. Fluck, who conducts a retail drug store at 2400 Ridge avenue, Philadelphia, has been a very diligent work- er in the effort on the part of the Northwest Business Men's Association to secure an appropriation of $50,000 from Coun- cils for home relief work. — President C. Herbert Packard of the Massachusetts Col- lege of Pharmacy, Boston, entertained the students on Tuesday evening, Feb. 9, at the college. A feature of the evening was an address by his neighbor, Albert R. Williams, on an experi- ence of four months in the European war zone. — Walter Burke, the High street druggist of Clinton, Mass., recently received the endorsement of the Northend Democratic club, of which he is a member, for the Democratic nomination for town clerk. — E. L. Black, manager of Black's pharmacy, Dublin, Ga., was seriously injured while learning to run an automobile. He ran the car into a telegraph pole, which was broken in two by the shock. — Harry W. Dundore, druggist of Allentown, Pa., is con- fined to his home suffering from an attack of blood poisoning. His many friends are wishing for his complete and immediate recovery. — Maxwell Wyeth, first vice-president of John Wyeth & Bro., Inc., Philadelphia, was recently elected a member of the board of directors of the Quaker City National Bank. — James A. Arkin, a druggist of Portola, Cal., has been ap- pointed State sealer of weights and measures for Plumas coun- ty, that State His pharmaceutical confreres say that he is unusually well equipped to perform the duties of the office. — William C. Neilly, formerly manager of advertising for the United Drug Co., Boston, and formerly president of the United Drug Co. Ltd., of Toronto, Canada, is now associat d with Frederick Steams & Co. as assistant to the president. —Harry Sklllman, manager of Parke, Davis & Co.'s ad- vertising department, was in this city recently. While here he received a telegram telling him that he had become a grand- father. — Louis K. Liggett, president of the United Drug Co., Bos- ton, addressed the Men's Forum at tlie Park and Downs church, WoUaston, recently, his subject being "Co-operative Commer- cialism." —Graham Barbour, manager of the City pharmacy. Enter- prise, Miss., was recently married to Miss Agnes Whittle. The ceremony took place at De Kalb, Miss. The couple will reside in Enterprise. —John F. Walsh, president of the Walsh Drug Co., pro- prietors of a number of drug stores at Quincy, Mass., married Miss Nellie Reid. The couple left Quincy for a short trip tiu-ough the South. —Fred Ehrman, clerk in Ralph Freiberg's drug store, Read- ing road and Rockdale avenue, Cincinnati, O., was burned about the hands recently when chemicals which he was com- pounding were ignited, setting fire to the building. — Frank D. Kephart, manager of the Shutler Drug Co., Detroit, Mich., was married recently to Miss Mildred Ormis- ton Farming, of Charlevoix, Mich. — Edward Laporte, of the L. I. Laporte Drug Co., Holyoke, Mass., has been appointed Holyoke agent for the Massachusetts S. P. C. A., succeedmg the late Edward B. Stratton. — F. A. East, 23, owner of a drug store at West Roxbury, Mass., recently slipped on the ice while turning a comer and broke his ankle. —Milton Campbell, president of the H. K. Mulford Co., was elected a director of the Tradesmen's National bank, Phila- delphia, at the annual meeting of stockholders held in January. — Mrs. Margaret B. Laird, wife of a Newark, N. J., drug- gist, has been appointed a member of the Board of Health of that city. — Henry V. Taylor has severed his connection with the Taylor Drug Co., Mason, Tenn., and will turn his attention to track farming. — I. C. Thomas, druggist of Sheboygan, Wis., recently had his arm fractured when the engine of his automobile back-firrd while he was attempting to crank it. — Francis Curtis, the Bluffs, 111., druggist, and his wife, are the proud parents of David Francis Curtis, who arrived on Thanksgiving Day. --Andrew Myhr, draggist of 531 Henry street, Brooklyn, while skating in Prospect park, fell so hard that his right hin was broken. He was taken to the hospital. — J. H. MiLLSPAUGH who was for a number of years asso- ciated with the Hall Drag Co. of Springfield, Mo., is now representing Sharp & Dohme in northem Alissouri. — H. O. O'Cain, of the Smithson Drag Co., Wellborn, Fla., has enrolled for a three months' course at the school conducted by the Max Morris Drag Co., Macon, Ga. — MiERS BuscH, of Shoemaker & Busch, wholesale druggists, Philadelphia, was elected a vice-president of the Union League in a contest which was unusually close. — Alfred Labine, a prominent Nashua, N. H., druggist, was stricken with apoplexy during December, and was last reported to be in a serious condition in the hospital. — George W. Holderread, a dmggist of Litchfield, 111., was married recently to Miss Vera Reid, of die same city. The couple left for Indianapolis following the ceremony. — Samotl Henry, druggist at Bentendorf, la., recendy mar- ried Miss Velma Rountree, a very popular young lady of To- peka. 111. — W. B. Eaton, druggist of Edinburg, 111., was recently con- fined to his home with the measles. His son was also laid up with the disease. — Carroll T. Bonney, son of Josiah S. Bonney, the leading druggist of Wakefield, Mass., has been chosen by Congressman Deitrick for a place at the U. S. Naval Academy at Annapolis. —Fred W. Connolly, Dorchester, Mass., and director of the course of pharmacy at the Franklin Union, Boston, spent the month of Febraary in Florida. — Christlvn Widltj:, of Milwaukee, was recently re-elected president of the Wisconsin Pharmacal Company. — A. Kuener, the Sheboygan, Wis. druggist, will retire from business early in the spring. — A. C. ^'Ieyer, of Meyer Bros. Drug Co., St. Louis, recently recovered from a five-weeks' illness with t>-pho!d fever. [ March. 1915] THE PHAR:\rACEUTICAL ERA 123 Obituaries CHAKLES H. WEBSTER I Charles H. Webster, of Northfield, Mass., druggist, lawyer, - former representative in the Legislature, and one of the first i Progressives in Massachusetts, died suddenly Feb. 6, at Jack- \ sonville. Fla., whither he had gone in search of rest and health. He was a native of Xorthfield, and was bom Oct. 27, 18'5. He attended the country schools till he was 13 years old, and then went to work in a general store. At the age of 22 he bought a ^-''^ interest in it. Then he added the in- surance business, became a justice of the peace and also trial justice. While thus em- ployed he took the study of pharmacy, and in 1891 he passed the examination of the Massachusetts Board, and became a registered pharma- cist. Then he added a drug store to his other business in- terests. In 1892 he s:cured complete control of the general store, subsequently selling a half interest in the general Charles H. Webster store to one of his clerks, but retaining exclusive ownersL'p of the drug store. In 1896 he built a handsome drug store on Main street in Xorthfield, and in 1903 opened another dirvg store in East Northfield. In 1900 he became postmaster at Northfield. Before his com- mission expired he sold out the drug stores, and took up the study of law, and in 1908 was admitted to the bar. He h:.d also studied geologj', mineralogy, and surveying. He was emi- nent in Masonry, was president of the Northfield Water Com- pany, and a member of the Board of Trade. In 1912, he be- came the Progressive candidate for representative to the Legisla- ture, and was elected, and a year later he was returned. He leaves a wife and two daughters. Alfred H. Kennedy- Alfred H. Kennedy, since boyhood connected in one capacity or another with Charles N. Crittenton Co., this city, died at his home, 156 Park avenue, East Orange, N. J., on Sunday, February 14. Mr. Kennedy went home from work on the previous Wednesday, apparently in good health. During the night he was taken ill and was the next day operated upon for intestinal trouble. He was 64 years of age. Two sons and a daughter survive him. The funeral was held at his late home and interment was in Fairmount cemetery. The pallbearers were J. B. Foster, druggist, Newark, N. J.; Samuel Owen, of Kress & Owen Co.; Lee E. Wiltsee, general representative of the Wm. S. Merrell Chemical Co.; W. P. Stephenson, E. Quig- ley and George Kimmel, the last three with the Crittenton Co. Mr. Kennedy was with Charles N. Crittenton Co. for pos- sibly 50 years, and at the time of the late Mr. Crittenton's death in 1909, was a director of the firm. In addition to his many other bequests, Mr. Crittenton bequeathed 400 shares of stock in the company to be divided equally among eight em- ployes providing they were in his employ at the time of his death. Mr. Kennedy was one of those thus remembered. He was second vice-president at the time of his death. Mr. Kennedy enjoyed an extensive acquaintance throughout the drug trade of the country. Joseph A. Velsor Joseph Alexander Velsor, who was the senior member and organizer of Peek & Velsor, dealers in botanical drugs, 9 Gold street, died of edema of the lungs after a month's illness at his residence, 105 McDonough street, Brooklyn. Mr. Velsor was bom in New York City on May 3, 1834. He graduated from the New York Free .-Vcademy in 1832 and soon after graduation became interested in the above firm. He was a member of the New York Drug and Chemical Club, the Fulton club, of Man- hattan; the Portland club, of Brooklyn; a life member of the Brooklyn Young Men's Christian Association, and a veteran Mason of Commonwealth lodge, Brooklyn. He had been a resident of Brooklyn for more than 60 years, and a communi- cant of the Church of the Messiah for 40 years. Mr. Velsor was a first cousin of Walt Whitman, the poet and philosopher. He is survived by his wife, Elizabeth Rogers; a son, Joseph A. Velsor, associated with him in the business; a daughter, Mrs. Fred Smith, and three grandchildren. R. E. W. SOMMER Professor Richard E. W. Sommer, dean of the pharmacy de- partment of Marquette university, Milwaukee, died suddenly in his home, 1302 Wells street, on Feb. 10, while attending a post semester meeting of the faculty of his department, which he had himself called. Early in the evening. Professor Sommer was in good health and spirits, but a ' ^ — ] little later complained of feeling ill. J Fifteen minutes after this remark he suddenly became pale and half slid from his chair. His companions applied _ restoratives, but he never regained con- j^- sciousness and died shortly afterward, w He had been suffering from arterial ^ sclerosis. Professor Sommer had at- tracted considerable attention in a num- ber of celebrated cases as an expert in 1^^^, the identification of poisons. For 16 ^^B|l years he had been engaged in educational ^^^H work in Milwaukee. He was first con- ^^^^ 1 nected with the Milwaukee medical col- lege, and when Marquette university R. E. W. Sommer took over the medical college, became attached to that institution. He had lived in Milwaukee 25 years, having come to that city five years after his arrival in this country. He was bom in Froedenan, East Prussia, on September 18, 1859. His widow survives. Otto C, F. Lippert Otto C. F. Lippert, one of the oldest pharmacists in Cin- cinnati, and one of the oldest in point of experience in the United States, died in Cincinnati at the home of his son. Dr. Alfred A. B. Lippert, on Feb. 15, at the advanced age of 81 years, after an illness of two months. Mr. Lippert had been in business as a druggist for sixty years, virtually all of that time being spent in Cincinnati, although he was bom in Leip- zig, Germany. In recent years he was associated with his son. Otto H. G. Lippert, in the conduct of the pharmacy at Liberty and Freeman avenues. Mr. Lippert, on account of ill-health, retired from active business about three months ago, but up to that time had been at the store regularly. He was a mem- ber of various druggists' organizations, and was well known to the trade all over the country. His widow, a daughter and six sons survive him, his son-in-law and one of his sons being druggists, and another son a doctor. RECENT DEATHS — Sister Mary Ignaticts, head of the pharmacy department of Mercy hospital, Chicago, and a member of the Order of Mercy for 55 years, died recently at the hospital at the age of 73, death being due to heart trouble. She entered Mercy hospi- tal when she was only 18 years old. Dr. William E. Quine, dean of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, paid the de- ceased high tribute. Sister Ignatius' first experience in phar- macy was obtained in refilling prescriptions filled by internes. At the time the Illinois State pharmacy law was passed, a neighborhood draggist discovered that many of his logical cu-- tomers were patronizing the hospital dispensary. He com- plained that the hospital did not employ a registered pharma- cist. Sister Ignatius met the situation by taking the State Board examinations. Out of 58 applicants, she nnd three men were the only ones to pass. She was the first registered woman pharmacist in Illinois. — John Barkley Hurtt, who had conducted a wholesale drug business in Baltimore for 45 years, having been estab- lished on Light street, just below Lombard, since the great fire of 1904, and in the same neighborhood before that time, di d on the morning of Febraary 1, at his home in Walbrook after an illness of six weeks, of a complication of diseases. He was bom in Baltimore December 16, 1846, educated in the public schools, and got his knowledge of the wholesale drug business while in the employ of the old firm of Gilpin, Langdon & Co., 124 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [March, 191o then on Light and Lombard streets. He engaged in the trade on his own account in 1870. During the Civil war, he was for a time in the Confederate hospital service. His wife and four children, among them Thomas D. and Howard J. Hurtt, sur- vive. — J. Edwin Hengst, one of the best known pharmacists in Baltimore and former president of the Maryland Pharmaceuti- cal Association, died recently while on a visit to the home of his nephew at Carlisle, Pa. Mr. Hengst graduated from the Maryland College of Pharmacy in 187/ and had been promi- nently identified with pharmaceutical matters ever since. He was always in demand when it came to organizing social events and enjoyed great popularity. He was 57 years old and never married. For several years he acted as one of the exami- ners for the college. He conducted a drug store on Gay street for a number of years. The Maryland Pharmaceutical Asso- ciation sent a delegation to attend the funeral. — David J. Pierce, 75, druggist, Weymouth, Mass., died in the Fenway hospital, Boston, following an operation and a previous illness of two months' duration. He served through the Civil war with the 42nd Massachusetts infantry, and was wellknown in Masonic circles, having officiated as master of Delta lodge, and as commander of South Shore Commandery, K. T. At the time of his death he was a member of Panpalpha chapter, R. A. M., the Grand Consistory of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, and Delphi lodge, K. P. He was a director in the South Shore Co-operative bank, and a trustee of the Wey- mouth Savings bank. His wife and a daughter survive. — Edward Ellingwood, 61, formerly one of Lowell, Mass.'s bestknown business men died very suddenly in Peterboro, N. H., of heart failure. Mr. Ellingwood left Lowell four years ago, after many years of successful business life in the latter city, where he had many friends. He conducted the drug store now occupied by the Liggett's, Lowell. Since moving to Peter- boro, he had conducted a drug store there. While in Lowell he was a member of the Yorick, and Vesper country clubs and always took an active part in the affairs of the city. His wife, two daughters and three sons survive him. — L. J. Remington, for some 30 years engaged in the retail drug business at Foncl du Lac, Wis., died at his residence at the age of 50. He had been in poor health for about two years, but last summer improved so much that he was able to visit daily his store, the Remington Drug Co., 72 South Main street. About three months ago he was again forced to give up business and for 10 days previous to his death failed rapidly. His widow and two sons survive. He was a member of Fountain lodge No. 26, F. and A. M., and of Fidelity lodge No. 19, Knights of Pythias. — AsHBEL N. Merrell, brother of George R. Merrell, vice- president of the Merrell Drug Co., St. Louis, died on Jan. 30, at his home in Old Orchard, St. Louis county. He was 51 years old. He was a stockholder in the J. S. Merrell Drug Co. A son, Cyrus, student at Cornell, returned home for the funeral. Mr. Merrell is survived by his widow, INIrs. Mattie Hutcheson Merrell; three sons, Cyrus, Walter S. and Norman K., and one daughter, Lottie G. Merrell. A sign language service was conducted at the funeral. — William H. Walsh, proprietor of the drug store at the corner of Hampshire and Columbia streets, Cambridge, Mass., was instantly killed in front of his store recently by being run over by an electric car. He had closed the store for the night, and while crossing the street dropped a coin on the ground. He stooped to pick it up, and then stepped behind an outbound car and directly in front of an approaching car. Mr. Walsh was 53 years of age. — MoRlTZ M. Sh-\kman, for nearly forty years senior mem- ber of the Shakman & Loewy Drug Co., whole^^iiler^. r,:iliiTii,.i,- passed away Feb. 11 of an attack of heart f.iiluie, with wliiili he had been stricken half an hour before. lie w .i.s in hi^ seven - u-l'ifth veil iimI li;id been in apparently good health. He had liM.i 111 iMm iiM iit for some years, since which time the firm li.ul l.ei n . .1 til the Loewy Drug Co., South Howard street He is sui\ i\ed by his wife and three daughters. — John B. Robertson, 57, Nashville, Tenn. He had been in the retail drug business for many years. Death followed some 24 hours after a stroke of paralysis. Mr. Robertson was born in Whiteville, Tenn., and spent his youth in that city. He attended the University of Tennessee and later Vanderbilt University, where he graduated in pharmacy. For the past 25 years he has been with the Demovile Drug Co. His wife and one daughter survive. — H. L. Lackey, 42, a former resident of Fort Worth, Texas, died recently at El Paso, to which city he had gone four years ago for his health. He was a member of a drug store partner- ship in Fort Worth. During the past several years he was en- gaged in the drug business at Clmt. Mr. Lackey was president of the Tarrant County Retail Druggists' Association. He was a deacon of the Broadway Baptist church, and a firm believer in the Sunday closing of drug stores. His wife .survives him. — Eugene A. Segui, 55, druggist of St. Augustine, Fla., died at his home. His wife, two daughters and one son survive. The deceased had been ill many months. He was connected with the St. George pharmacy for 20 years, selling out only a short time ago when his health began to fail. He was a mem- ber of the Roman Catholic church and belonged to the local council of the Knights of Columbus. He was a descendant of one of the oldest Spanish families in Florida. — John A. SinTH, 59, president of the John A. Smith Co., manufacturers of proprietary medicines, for 22 vears a resident of ]Milwaukee, Wis., died at his home in that city. He was stricken with paralysis. The deceased was born in Hanover, Germany, and came to this country when 19, settling in Ohio. He was a 33 degree Mason. His widow and one daughter survive. , — A. H. Michaels, 5'', Durham, N. C, died at his home on Broadway street. He had beer, in failing health for some tir*'" and finally succumbed to an attack of heart trouble. Mr. Michaels was a druggist and at one time was engaged in busi- ness at Durham. During latter years he had represented vari- ous wholesale houses. He had many friends in North Carolina His wife and six children survive.. — Benjamin L. Fortune, a wellknown druggist of Memphis, Tenn., died suddenly at his home from apoplexy. The de- cea.sed came to ^Memphis with his parents from Hickman. Ky., 31 years ago, and has since that time been a resident of Mem- phis. He was a graduate of Northwestern University. At the time of his death he was associated with the Fortune-Ward Drug Co. His wife and one son survive. • — Louis C. Fricke, secretary of the INIississippi Valley Trust Co., St. Louis, a brother of F. H. Fricke, Missouri State Pure Food and Drug Commissioner, died recently of pneumonia at his home, 6255 Berlin avenue, St. Louis. He undenvent an operation a few weeks before. He is survived by his widow and a daughter, Irene. — McG. Ernul, wellknown druggist of Greenville. N. C, is dead. He was born in 1839 at Pitt, moving to Greenville when but a small boy. He served through the four years of the Civil war. rising to the rank of first lieutenant in the 27th N. C. regiment, C. S. .\. He had been engaged in the drug business continuously since the close of die war. — A. M. MuNN, for 42 years chief pharmacist at the Kala- mazoo (Michigan) State hospital, died recently. He came to Kalamazoo when 20 years old from Scotland and secured a place in the hospital where he remained until taken ill pre- vious to his death. — Marion August Patocki, 36, Baltimore, Md.. died at his home from heart failure. He was bom in Russia and came to this country about 12 years ago. He studied medicine at a college in Warsaw. His widow, one son and a daughter sur- vive. —Dr. Patrick T. ]McDonough, inspector of food and drugs for -the Massachusetts State Board of Health, died at his home in Woburn, that state, Feb. 3, aged 34. He had been an in- spector for the past four years, and w^as known to the drug trade throughout the state. —John Johenning, for many years a drug salesman for one of the largest manufacturers in Pennsylvania, recently suc- cumbed to a lingering illness at his home in Allentown. He was 77 years of age, fought in the Civil War, and had a host of friends in many parts of the state. — James Monroe Ali.en, 87, a retired wholesale drug dealer and manufacturer of specialties, died recently at his residence, 760 Union street, Brooklyn. Mr. Allen was born in Virginia, but had lived in Brooklyn most of his life. Five sons and a daughter survive the deceased. — Ernest E. Cote, North End, New Bedford. Mass.. drug- gist, was buried in Notre Dame d« Lourdes cemeter>-. Fall River. ,March, 1915] Till-: PIIAR.MACKrTU'AI. KKA 125 N, A. M. M. P. meets at Waldorf-Astoria and adopts many Resolutions Congratulates People on Passage of Harrison Anti-Narcotic Law — Will Devise System of Trade-Mark Names for use of Members — Opposed to Changes in Variation Clause of U. S. and State Pure Drugs Acts and the Wrapping of Bichloride Tablets — Old Officers Re-elected Dr. Henry C. Lovis, of Scabury & Johnson, New York, was ■ re-elected president of the National Association of !Manufac- turers of Medicinal Products at the fourth annual meeting of that organization, held February S and 9, at the Waldorf- Astoria hotel. The other officers re-elected are: Vice president, Josiah K. Lilly, of Eli Lilly & Co., Indi- anapolis; secretary, Charles M. Woodruff, Detmit, Mich.; I treasurer, Franklin Black, of Charles Phzer & Co., Xlw York; i executive committee. Dr. Alfred R. L. Dohme, Sharp & Dolimc, Baltimore, Md., and Adolph G. Rosengarten, Powcis-Wcigiit- . man-Rosengarten Co., Philadelphia. In his presidential address. Dr. Lovis referred to the pros- pects before American business men, particularly the members, < at tlie time of tlie last meeting, and asserted that the wisdom I of the founders of this country in providing that it siiould not J suffer from entangling alliances was now evident. The Euro- I pean war, he said, required no reference in his address. At ' the outbreak, the market had become a "buyers' market," and < prices had reached an unprecedented level. The situation was now more relieved. The war had taught its lesson, which was that too much dependence had been placed on foreign countries for supplies. The experience of the Department of Agriculture , is open to all and many drugs obtained abroad may be grown here. American capital and enterprise will soon, with adequate protection, develope the situation. Dr. Lovis referred brietly to general conditions, which he re- garded as good. He touched on the new currency law, the new Federal Reserve banks, an "effective stabilizer" ; the rail- road situation, which marks an era of improvement; the open- ing of the Panama canal, the necessity of establishing banks in South America and owning our own ships before the South American trade is properly developed, decried our dependence upon foreign shipping at this time, and expressed his belief that there should be more American ship building, and that more American freight money should be kept at home. Dr. Lovis made a number of recommendations which were later presented as resolutions and adopted. He expressed the hearty thanks of the association to the drug trade journals. Secretary Charles M. Woodruff presented two exceedingly extensive reports, one in his capacity as secretary, the other as chairman of the legislative committee. The former consisted in great part of an accoimting of letters sent to the members from his office during the year. The legislative report was a recapitulation of State and National legislation enacted or considered since the last meeting, and also reported upon Eng- lish pharmaceutical legislation and legislation which affected trade with our insular possessions. Treasurer Franklin Black reported a balance on hand to date of February 1, 1915, in the sum of $8,413.61. The report of the executive committee contained sixteen resolutions, all of which were adopted unchanged, most of them without much discussion. The resolutions follow: \VHERE.\S the condition of our treasury makes it unnecessary to collect all the dues for the year 191S, Therefore be it RESOLVED, that $100 of the annual dues for 1915 be remitted to each member of this association in good standing February 8, 1913. \VHERE.\S it is the policy of the members of this association to respect the trade marks and trade names of other manufacturers, and WHEREAS it is one of the objects of this association to amicably adjust differences between its members, and such differences some- times arise with respect to intervening claims as to the privity of use of distinctive names. Therefore be it RESOLVED, that the Executive Committee be instructid to de- vise and carry out an effective system of compiling, registering and publishing from time to time lists of trade-names and trade-marks; and of amicably adjusting, where possible, any differences that may arise between membors respecting same. RESOLVED, That this association respectfully protests to the Interstate Commerce Commission against the recent increase in the tariff to the Pacific Coast on drugs in less than carload lots from $2 to $3.30. RESOLVED, that the National Association of Manufacturers of Medicinal Products hereby congratulates the people of the United States of America upon the passage of the Harrison bill; thanks the Treasury Department for its reasonable and workable regula- tions; and tenders all possible assistance to the drug trade, to physi- cians, veterinarians and dentists generally, in interpreting and ob- serving the law, firmly believing that, when the naturally expected misunderstandings are smoothed out, the law will work automatically with as little friction and irritation to those affected as the older revenue laws now do. RESOLVED, that this association re-assert its opposition to any changes in the "variation" clause of the Pure Drugs Acts of the United States and the various states, and that the Secretary be instructed to communicate the views of this association, as hereto- fore expressed, to the Congressmen and legislatures, as occasion may rciuire. RESOLVED, that this association continue its affiliation with the National Drug Trade Conference. RESOLVED, that this association believes that any manufacturer or dealer who has an exclusive right to manufacture or deal in any article or brand of any article, whether such right is founded on a patent, trade-mark, trade secret, copyright, design or otherwise, has the natural right to fix the price to the consumer of such article or brand; and, inasmuch as the courts have decided against such rights; we are in favor of a simple act of Congress declaratory of such right. We believe such a law should not be encumbered with un- necessary detail; and we regret the so-called Stevens bill seems to give relief only to owners of articles protected by trade-mark and special brand; Wherefore, the executive committee is hereby in- structed to submit for consideration of the National Drug Trade Conference a draft of a bill which will afford complete protection to the owner of any industrial right to fix his prices to the con- sumer, and at the same time involve him in the least amount of detail possible. RESOLVED, that this association re-affirm its endorsement of one cent letter postage, ^nd recommend that the members of this association aid and support the National One Cent Letter Postage Association. RESOLVED, that the Secretary be authorized to employ an as- sistant at a salary not to exceed twelve hundred dollars per annum, and to expend such further sum as may be necessary for equipment. RESOLVED, that this association approve the action of the National Drug Trade Conference in appointing a committee of five to con- sider the revision of the United States Patent and Trade-mark Laws and report back their findings to the Conference; provided the action of Conference on such findings shall not be considered binding on this association, until same has been referred to and formally ap- proved by this association. RESOLVED, that this association approve the resolution adopted by the National Drug Trade Conference at its meeting held De- cember 10, 1914, protesting against the adoption of the German cylindrical bichloride of mercury tablet colored pink and wrapped individually in paper in the United States Pharmacopoeia. RESOLVED, that this association approve the resolution adopted by the National Drug Trade Conference at its meeting held De- cember 10, 1914, respecting the mailing of medicines containing poisons not outwardly or of their own force dangerous. RESOLVED, that the Harrison Act, so called, together with the regulations issued thereunder and such decisions as may have been rendered up to the time of going to press be printed in the Pro- ceedings of this association for 1915. RESOLVED, that the National Association of Manufacturers of Medicinal Products earnestly recommends to the governors and legislatures of the several states the advisability of so amending their respective narcotic laws, where necessary, that those affected, in observing the provisions of the Harrison Act, will automatically observe the provisions of state narcotic laws, at least so far as the Harrison Act goes. This association believes that state law should not embrace within its scope drugs and preparations that do not come under the operation of the Harrison Act; and that, while it must be rcognizcd that to refer to the Harrison Act in state legis- lation would probably be unconstitutional, state legislation may be so framed that the use of the official orders issued by the Collector of Internal Revenue under the Harrison Act will be in conformity with the police laws of the state. RESOI^VED, that the National Association of Manufacturers of Medicinal Products is unalterably opposed to laws and ordinances restricting the sale of bichloride of mercury tablets, etc., and to individually wrapped tablets; and we especially urge upon the Mayor and Common Council of the City of Chicago to repeal the ordi- nance which it has recently passed and which, unless repealed, is to take effect March 1 next; and adopt, instead, an ordinance similar to the one adopted by the New York City Board of Health after it had first adopted and then repealed the ordinance recently en- acted by the Common Council of the City of Chicago. RESOLVED, that the National Association of Manufacturers of ^fcdicinal Products endorses the measure submitted bv the Phila- delphia Drug Exchange with its letter of January 22, 1915, to remedy the injustice imposed by Section 11 of ■ the Food and Drugs Act of June 30. 1906, especially the feature shutting the importer out from any right of appeal. RESOLVED, that our worthy Secretary, Charles M. Woodruff, having served this association most faithfully and efficiently during the last year and having arromplished a prodigious amount of pains- taking and exacting work for us, be hereby granted an honorarium of five hundred dollars and be it further RESOLVED, that the Treasurer be and he hereby is instructed to pay said honorarium out of the funds of this association in the Treasury. 126 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [:\Iarch, 1915 Other resolutions, proposed from the floor, provided for the publication in pamphlet form and distribution of the four pa- pers read at the convention, the fullest co-operation between the members and food and drug officials, the tendering of an hon- orarium in the sum of $500 to Secretary Woodruff (adopted by a rising vote), the election of The Bayer Co. to membership, the assigning to the executive committee, with power, of Dr. H. P. Hynson's request or suggestion that the association ap- point a committee to participate in the establishment, at San Francisco, of a pharmaceutical congress under the auspices of the A. Ph. A.; the re-adoption of the saccharine resolution of 1914 (see page 89 of Proceedings), leaving to the executive com- mittee final action relative to the time and place of the next convention, and to the same committee the matter of member- ship in the Chamber of Commerce of the U. S. A. Among the delegates in attendance at the convention were C. A. West, president of the N. D. A.; S. C. Henry, president of the N. A. R. D.; Dr. H. P. Hynson, representing the A. Ph. A.; George C. Hall, president of the American As- sociation of Pharmaceutical Chemists; Charles P. Tyrrell, rep- resenting the Proprietary Association of America, etc. Four interesting papers were read as follows: "Cultivation of Medicinal Plants," F. B. Kilmer, of Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, N. J.; "Paternalism in Govern- ment," Dr. A. R. L. Dohme; "Revision of the U. S. Patent and Trade Mark Laws," E. W. Bradford, Washington, D. C; "The Relation of the Food and Drug Officials to the Pharma- ceutical Manufacturers," Frank R. Eldred. Ex-President Frank G. Ryan, of Parke, Davis & Co. was not present. His letter of regret explained that he had secured his transportation and had made all arrangements to attend the meeting, but his physician had advised him practically at the last minute not to leave Detroit. Dr. A. R. L. Dohme reported just before the close of the convention that the Drug Trade Conference committee of five, which had under consideration the Page bill, had held a meeting and each member had agreed to submit at a future meeting an amendment to the bill. The five amendments, which would represent the ideas of five of the factors in the conference mem- bership, would then be worked into one amendment, which will in its turn be pushed at Washington. The annual banquet was the real feature of the convention. It was held at the Waldorf apartments in the Waldorf-Astoria hotel, Tuesday evening. President Dr. Henry C. Lovis offi- ciated as toastmaster. Three splendid post-prandial efforts made up the program of the evening. The speakers were Hon. Walter M. Chandler, congressman from the 19th New York district, "the only Progressive elected East of the Mississippi" ; Luther B. Little, of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., and the Rev. S. Parks Cadman, of Brooklyn. In congratulating the banquet committee upon the excellent judgment it had displayed in the arrangement of its program. President Dr. Lovis e.x- pressed the sentiment of the fifty or more members and guests present. "Want Uniform Food and Drug Laws Boston, Feb. 8. — The Boston Chamber of Commerce, the largest commercial organization in the United States, has ap- pointed a committee to consider the subject of uniform pure food laws, and to study proposed new legislation. The com- mittee will aim for uniformity in state legislation. A rather remarkable committee, for strength and representation, has been appointed consisting of Stoughton Bell, a lawyer, as chairman ; Charles W. Cheney of the Mellin's Food Company ; David A. Ellis, lawyer; Edwin F. Fobes of the New England Confectionery Company; Frederic W. Howe, furniture; Hiram H. Logan, of Logan, Johnson & Company, wholesale bakers' and confectioners' supplies; Philip S. IVIarden, editor; William T. Sedgwick, professor of biology at the Massachusetts Insti- tute of Technology; and Louis I. Schreiner, vice president of the United Drug Company. In making the announcement, the secretary of the chamber says that since so much of the business in food products and drugs is interstate, conflict between state and federal laws causes inevitable embarrassment to manufacturers. The cham- ber's committee will confer with associations, officials and per- sons affected by food and drug legislation, and will make its report public. NEW CO-OPERATIVE CONCERN LAUNCHED Druggists to be Stockholders — Corporation Capital ized at $100,000 — To Manufacture Proprietaries Detroit, Feb. 12 — The Carpenter Chemical Co. Co-operative is the name of a new corporation that has just been launched in this city for the purpose of manufacturing and dealing in specialties, supplies, etc., handled by the drug trade. The cor- poration, which is to be incorporated under the laws of the State, has purchased the business of the former Carpenter Chemical Co., as a nucleus and around which it will build its prospective enterprise. The new corporation is capitalized at $100,000 and took possession of the Carpenter company's quar- ters at 54 State street to-day, E. E. Patterson, the principal stockholder of the Carpenter concern retiring from the business. The co-operative plan on which the corporation will work was formulated by Grant W. Stevens, president of the Wolver- ine Drug Co. of this city, and Albert M. Edwards. Druggists of the country are invited to become stockholders by subscrib- ing for at least one share of stock, par value $10, but selling at $12.50, which will put them in a position to obtain all the products of the concern at actual cost of manufacture. It is said that already 2,000 druggists have subscribed to the capital stock, and that negotiations have been entered into with makers of various wellknown proprietary articles with a view to have them brought under the co-operative plan of manufacture. At a meeting of the stockholders held yesterday, a temporam organization was effected, as follows: John W. Webster, presi4 dent; A. T. Young, vice-president; Albert M. Edwards, secre4 tary and manager of sales and organization department, and Grant W. Stevens, treasurer and general manager. The firsS annual meeting will be held on March 25 when plans for ex-4 pansion will be considered and a permanent organization ef- fected. SMUGGLED OPIUM SEIZED IN BALTIMORE "Queen of the Opium Ring" Called Head of Combina- tion — Ship Pined $14,800, Captain to Stand Trial Baltimore, Feb. 10. — One of the largest seizures of smuggled opium ever made was effected here last month when Customs officers took possession of not less than 295 cans, valued at approximately $31,000 in Liverpool, which had been secreted in an oil barrel aboard the steamer Vedamore, of the Johnston Line, in the day before from Liverpool. The seizure was made on advices from New York, where information had been obtained that the opium was put aboard the Vedamore. On the day of tlie seizure the boatswain of the vessel was takeni into custody, and the arrest of a lamp trimmer followed th^ next day. The ship's carpenter was also apprehended, as waa a stevedore working at Locust Point, where the vessel lay, butl the carpenter was released. The others, it is stated, made con-3 fessions, sayng the opium had been turned over to them by al Japanese calling himself "T. Sato," who has been in troublg before, and is said to be a member of the opium ring, pursue than sixty years, according to the petition, has for many years been doing a business amounting to millions of dollars annually. The business has been prosperous, according to the petition, and the credit and standing of the company has always been high, its name and good will being of great value though not , listed on the company's books as an asset. The petition sa.d that if the company's assets, not including the good will, could be disposed of in bulk, or as the assets of a going concern, they would yield a sum largely in excess of the liabilities, but on a forced sale would not realize enough to pay the debts. The petition stated that because of general business depres- sion the company had been unable to collect many accounts, totaling more than $400,000, and because of slow collections had been unable to pay off its own indebtedness as it matured, and had been unable to purchase on credit to complete the manufacture of goods in process of being made or to borrow money for such purposes. The petitioning creditors alleged that numerous other credi- tors were threatening to file suits, and that among these were the owners of several large buildings occupied by the Meyer Bros. Drug Co. as stores and warehouses. In these buildings were stored goods with an approximate value of .SI. 000,000. It was suggested in the petition that under a receivership arrange- ments might be made whereby the company's stock, furniture, fixtures and appliances might be sold in lump for a sum more than suflicient to pay the debts. The receivership was asked for, the petitioners said, because it was feared that the filing of ordinary civil suits for debt might cause a great number of other suits to be brought, resulting in simultaneous judgments for amounts greater tlian the company could pay. The company, according to the petition, had been behind in its rent for several months and the owners of the buildings which it leased were threatening eviction suits. These, it was said, would be disastrous to the business, as the stock stored in the buildings consisted of many small packages which could be removed only at great labor and expense. The creditors said the company employed more tlian 400 persons and a discon- tinuance of its business would throw these employes out of work. It was also believed, it was said in the petition, that if the Meyer Bros. Drug Co. were to file suits against its credito.s it would force many druggists into bankruptcy in all parts of the country, thus ultimately injuring its own business. The officers of Meyer Bros. Drug Co. are: President, Theo- dore F. Meyer; vice-president, Otto P. Meyer; secretary, G. J. Meyer; treasurer, C. W. Wall; assistant secretary, A. C. Meyer. The location is 219 South Fourth Street. NOW PRESIDENT CHARLES G. MERRELL He "Will Develop his Theory of Best Service to All as Basis of True Co-operation Cincinnati, Feb. 10 — At the recent meeting of the stockhold- ers of the Wm. S. Merrell Chemical Company, held in this city, the following officers were elected without opposition : President, Charles G. Merrell; treasurer, R. W. Proctor; secretary, Thurst n Merrell. Board of directors — • Charles G. Merrell, R. W. Proctor, Thurston Merrell, Charles H. Stephens, Frank Ellis, Geoige B. Ehrman, M. D. and Fen ton Lawson. Charles G. Merrell, the new president, is the oldest son of the late George Merrell, whose death occurred on Dec. 12 last, and a grandson of Dr. William S. Merrell, who founded the business in 1828. C. G. Merrell comes to his new position well equipped for its duties and responsibili- ties. He graduated from the Charles G. Merrell Boston School of Teclmology in 1888 at the head of his class. Since that time he has been actively connected with the Merrell Company. He is a master of pharmaceutical manu- facturing in all of its details. He is popular with all branches of the trade, and his theorj' of best service to all as a basis of true cooperation will be made the foundation of his future work. Anti-Opium Protocol Signed by Three Countries The Hague, Feb. 12. — The protocol of the anti-opium con- vention of 1912 was signed at The Hague by Henry van Dyke,, the American minister to the Netherlands; Tang Tsing Fou, the Chinese minister, and M. Loudon, the Netherlands minister of foreign affairs. The protocol aims at the suppression of the opium traffic and international traffic in cocaine and noxious and habit-forming drugs. The affixing of the signatures, as reported above, puts the convention into immediate force for the signatory countries, which comprise approximately 475,000,000 inhabitants. Elects new Officers Milwaukee Pharmaceutical Association has the following of- ficers for the ensuing year: President, George H. Keston; vice president, J. J. Possehl ; secretary, W. F. Kaiser; treasurer, L. H. Kressin; executive committee, S. A. Eckstein, F. De Harde, Rud Best, Herman Lambeck, William Thomas and A. R. Eberle. 128 THE PflARMACEUTICAL ERA [March, 1915 A. Ph. A. BRANCHES ELECT OFFICERS Discuss Harrison Law — Primarily an Internal Revenue Measure, but Designed to Regulate Sale of Narcotics Baltimore Branch The annual meeting of the Baltimore Branch of the A. Ph. A. was held on Wednesday evening, January 20th, in Hynson, Westcott and Co.'s assembly room at Charles and Franklin Streets, with President E. F. Kelly in the chair. Louis J. Burger, a Phar. G., but now a member of the Balti- more bar and a United States Commissioner, as well as pro- fessor of pharmaceutical jurisprudence in the Department of Pharmacy of the University of Maryland, delivered an address on the Harrison bill, prefacing his remarks by suggesting to Mr. Hynson that he give a brief historical sketch of the bill. This brought out that the bill had its beginning as the result of the work of Dr. Hamilton Wright of Vermont, which cul- minated in the pigeon-holed Foster bill. This bill had some excellent features but it required so many onerous entries, rec- ords, reports, etc., that it would have necessitated an endless amount of accumen and accuracy to obey its mandates and avoid its penalties. This bill was not reported out of com- mittee but the desire for national legislation to prevent the increasing spread of the narcotic habit evil was so great, that the different interests involved finally got together, through the Drug Trade Conference and the Harrison bill was the outcome. Mr. Burger went through the law thoroughly and took up a section at a time, stopping to answer questions as he went along and when he had finished, led the discussion which followed. S. L. Hilton, a member of the Washington Branch, who took quite an interest in the bill while on its way through Congress, reviewed it and laid particular stress on the neces- sity of every pharmacist registering promptly, following its re- quirements thoroughly, and keeping records accurately. The following points were brought out : The law is an in- ternal revenue measure and, as a result applies to every one. It is not simply an interstate law like the Food and Drugs Act, but reaches into every nook and corner under the Stars and Stripes and affects every individual. It is intended to regulate the traffic in opium, coca and preparations thereof and espe- cially applies to importers, manufacturers, jobbers, institutions, retail pharmacists and physicians (M. D., D. D. S., D. V. S.) The first thing necessary is to register at the internal revenue office and get a registration number and a set of order blanks. The next is to make and keep on file a complete and exact inventory (to be verified by oath between March 1 and 5) of the stock of opium, coca leaves, or any compound, manufacture, alkaloid, salt, derivative or preparation of them containing more than 2 grains of opium, more than ^ grain of morphine, or more than % grain of heroin, or more than 1 grain of codeine, or any salt or derivative of any of them in 1 fluid or avoirdu- pois ounce, as the case may be, and of any synthetic substitute for cocaine. Liniments or ointments for external use only which contain opium or its alkaloidal salts do not have to be reported. Getting in or sending out these items listed must be done only tliroUL'li ihc official blanks or through prescriptions, which liii'i m.unI !n sr_;iMfl in full by the doctor prescribing them wiiii I.I- iiuiuber and address, the prescription must '■]' II tl, lull .Mine of the patient with residence and date am! ! I'Miii ilic party receiving the medicine must be olii.Mii' .l \ s, It. file must be kept for these prescriptions or J II col. 1 krjii 1,1 ilie number and date, and a duplicate must be kept of every order for any of these items bought, the original order of any sold to otlw r dnist;ists must also be pre- served along with the above for two yiar.s. All records and files must be in such form as to be readily accessible to inspec- tors who are to call at irregular intervals. An accurate record must kept of all preparations made which contain any of i . ii. ■: , md thr u>i. of ,i formula card, not onlv for ll:. .!,■- Ini ,iK.. i ..ivthing made about the pharn, ,. .-i-d ,iiul ,i i m -i ox , , i / This could t..- ( lici Kcd Ml i ;>!••: . : 1. . I ... in 1 l> Irll.-.l l.i ll)r licxt time a IK -, loi 1,. I.. ,: :.|, mm! in.i.ition^ . o,,M 1- n ,,.lr on it thus a N.ilii.iM. 1 i oi , ,,, |. ImIi 1, woul.i ll. .1 .■ - on hand. .\ line of as nuK li as $2,lHin and ini|ii isoiuia nl for as many as five years or both may be imposed for violation of this law. Drugs or preparations suspected to be on hand in violation of this law can be seized and forwarded for examination. The bill was discussed from every angle and viewpoint and a rising vote of thanks was extended to Messrs. Burger and Hilton for the excellent manner into which they had gone into the subject and for their painstaking and thorough exposition of the subject. The incoming president was authorized to appoint a com- mittee of five on publicity with the idea in view of acquainting the public through the press as to the workings of the law and also to prepare them for some of the .shocks which they might otherwise receive when some of their old favorites are refused them. As so much time had been consumed in the considera- tion of the Harrison bill, the second topic on the program was postponed until the February meeting and the annual electioii of officers was held. | The following officers were elected for the 1915 term: Presi- dent, E. W. Hodson; vice-president and chairman of the execu- tive committee, Charles C. Neal; secretary and treasurer, Wm. J. Lowry, Jr.; assistant secretary, Olive Cole, Phar. D.; chair- man committee of practical pharmacy and dispensing, Charles L. Meyer; representative in the Council, Henr>' P. Hynson. The rest of the Committee are to be appointed by the president. At the request of Dr. Charles Caspari, Jr.. the sense of the Branch was taken on the proposed change from cubic centi- meters to milliliters in the coming Pharmacopoeia and it was suggested, though by no means unanimousiv that milliliters should be used. It was decided to change the meeting night to the third Wed- nesday for each month instead of Thursdays as heretofore. i Chicago Branch J The January meeting of the Chicago Branch of the A. Ph. A. was held at the University of Illinois, on Friday evening, Jan-^ uary 22, vice-president Day presiding. Secretary Gathercoal read a short report covering the year, 1914 and stated that the Branch had held nine meetings during, the year at each of which a profitable and interesting discus- sion of some subject pertaining to pharmacy was presented. He spoke of the wide publicity given the reports of the Branch meetings in the pharmaceutical press. The financial report showed expenditures during the year of about $70 and a bal- ance on hand of .S2S,90. j The following were elected to ser\'e the Branch for the en-| suing year: President, Hugh Craig; first vice-president W. HJ Day; second vice-president, C. A. Storer, third vice-president,, iMiss Jean Gordon; secretar>'-treasurer, E. X. Gathercoal ; chair- man, membership, L. L. Krazek ; committee on legislation, Jas." H. Wells; committee on practice, Wm. Gray; committee oaj medical relations, Dr. Bernard Fantus: committee on publicity,] Thos. Potts. President Craig addressed the meetins; in "The Administra- tion of the Stamp Tax." In ^fr, Traic's opinion the pharma-f ceutical organizations should unite in opjiosition to any further* extension of this emergency law beyond its present limitation,' i. e.. the end of this year. He stated that the prospects for a continued improvement in business conditions were certainly good and that with such improvement any necessity for an ex- tension of the stamp tax beyond tin' i.n si.nt year should disap- pear. However, pharmacists, through their organizations, should present a strong prote.st against any possible extension of die law. Dr Tm . s II. Bcal followed Mr. Craig with an address on the Il.irrisou .\ct. .As a delegate to the Drug Trade r'onf. rcnre. Dr. Beal has acquired a very intimate knowledge of ihis 1 iw in fact framing some of the provisions himself. He ■ xi l ini d why, ostensibly, this act was a Revenue Measure, I 1 1' I 1 1:1! intent it aimed to e.xercise such a control over of the narcotic drugs, opium and coca leaves, as ' drug habit evil. He stated that the law as it 1 was a compromise not fully meeting the ideas of nil ll ' .'vcrnment or the Drug Trade Conference. 1 I . \ inous phases of the law were presented as answers to a s. li. s ,.i .in.stions, the first question being: "Who shall or shall not be licensed under this law?" The answer brought out the fact that any person whether physician, pharmacist, dentist veterinarian or not upon the payment of the license fee of $1, might avail himself of the privilege of handling these narcotir clrug.s, while, of course, all who did deal in them must be so licensed. The real value of this portion of the law is in tli* IHiblicity feature, for provision is made so that anyone mav oiitain a list of all such licensed persons and proper state and .VIabch, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 129 ojunicipal officers may obtain copies of die quarterly reports (hat are required from ail licensed persons. With such infor- tion, state and municipal anti-narcotic law violations may rigidly prosecuted. One of the very onerous features of the original bill which equired licensed persons to keep a balanced account of the sales of tJiese prohibited drugs against their purchases was ..very fortunately replaced by the official order blank method. , Now the pharmacist is required to keep on file for two years •all orders for purchases, and all orders for sales and all pre- ^scriptions coming under this law and to report the same upon request of a revenue official. ' About eighty pharmacists were in attendance. New York Branch At the Februar\' meeting of the New York branch of the A. Ph. A., held at the New York C(illt-t;e of Pliarmacy, Thomas 'D. McElhenie reported that the cimiu il had re ferred the elec- tion of an editor for the Journal to a siM ti.il committee and masked for instruction. A resolution was adoiitcd to tlie effect I that it was the sense of the brancli "that its representative in j^the Council cast his vote for the candidate for editor of the I- journal recommended by the special committee having the mat- ter under consideration." Dr. Jacob Diner, pro dean of the Fordham university school Lof pharmacy, read a paper on "Serum Diagnosis." He briefly I reviewed the progress of serum diagnosis beginning with the ^ work of Gruenbaum and Gruber, the results of which led up to what is now known as the Widal reaction for typhoid fever. After discussing the theorj- of agglutination and the technic of the method, with some explanation as to how to obtain the I serum, and how to interpret results, the speaker led up to the second important step, viz: the ^^'as.se^man reaction for the diagnosis of syphilis. The theory and technic were explained . in detail, particularly the line of reasoning and experimentation which evolved the use of the so-called cycles or systems. After describing in detail the three essential factors necessary to pro- . duce hemolysis, viz., 1. the blood corpuscles of the same species ^ which were used for immunization, called antigen; 2. the spe- ^ cific immune bodies created by the immunized animal after fre- quent injection of that particular antigen, called amboceptor; 3. the substance destroyed by heating the immune serum (ther- molabile) and restored by the addition of normal, non-iinmune serum, from animals of the same species, called complement; the speaker demonstrated how the reaction is carried out. !' Brief mention of the work done by M'Donagh and Klein in I their application of the foregoing principle to the diagnosis of ^ gonorrhea was followed by the description of the Abdcrhalden reaction, first used to diagnose pregnancy in its early stages, based upon the presence or absence of ferments in the blood of ( the patient capable of digesting albumins and thus causing them to become dialyzable. This reaction is now largely being ^ used in the diagnosis of cancer. The paper was discussed at great length by Messrs. Wein- ; stein, Hohman, Roemer, Wimmer, Raubenheimer and Mayo. I A rising vote of thanks was accorded the author. Dr. George C. Diekman. chairman of the committee on prog- ress of pharmacy, presented a number of abstracts, among which were the following: Distinguishing between natural and artificial camphor, a criticism of the methods of identification and purity of cera flavor of the P. G., detection of caramel with phenol-sulphonic acid, a new method for melting-point determinations of fats, a method for the estimation of boric acid in ointments, the stability of phosphorus when dissolved in fi.xed oils, as well as a list of recent foreign proprietaries. C. O. Bigelow as chairman of the "Mayo dinner" committee reported a surplus of SI. 55 from that affair. The committee was discharged with thanks and the surplus ordered returned into the treasury. During the transaction of routine business. President of the A. Ph. A. Caswell A. Mayo entered accom- panied by Professor H. P. Hynson, of Baltimore. ■ They were given a rousing welcome and responded with a few well chosen remarks. Philadelphia Branch President E. Fullerton Cook, of the Philadelphia branch of the A. Ph. .\., appointed Joseph \V. England, Professor Henr>- Kraemer and Franklin M. Apple, as a nominating committee, at the February meeting of that organization. The committee was instructed to submit nominations for office at the March meeting. Dell W. Youngken was unanimously elected a mem- ber. Richard Cuthbert, jr., presented an interesting paper on "The Professional Ideals of Pharmacy." In the absence of Dr. F. E. Stewart, his paper on "Professional Pharmacy from the ^■iewpoint of the ronmicrcial Laboratory" was read by the socrrtiiA I'ldli^sor Julius W, Sturmer presented the current I M'Utii.il louinds. The papers submitted were di.saiv-. d l.> M.MS. W. c;. -Xebig, Franklin M. Apple and Professor j. 1'. RLiiiington. Interesting features of the meeting were the exhibit of a large number of preparations manufactured in accordance with the new U.S. P. and N.F., and and "Exhibit of Filled Prescrip- tions," the latter the work of Walter S. Froelich. St. Louis Branch The St. Louis Branch of the A. Ph. A. met at the St. Louis College of Pharmacy on Feb. 19. Dr. Leo R. Suppan gave a talk, illustrated with lantern slides, on "The Monastery Dis- pensaries of the !Middle Ages, a Chapter in the History of Pharmacy." MICROSCOPE FOE, RETIRING PRESIDENT Frank F. Ernst Remembered after Six Years of Service by Members — Officers Elected Boston, Feb. 10.— The annual meeting of the B. A. R. D., held at the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, was made notable by the presentation to Frank F. Ernst, retiring presi- dent, of a valuable microscope, the gift of the association as a token of its appreciation of his great services during six years as president. James F. Finneran, member of the executive committee of the N. A. R. D., made the presentation speech, telling in well chosen words the deep appreciation of the mem- bers of Mr. Ernst's sacrifices and accomplishments in behalf of pharmacy. The presentation came at the end of an unusually busy meeting, and Mr. Ernst responded with brevity and feel- These officers were elected: Joseph T. Waterhouse, president; John J. Tobin, M. J. Mclntire, and Leon A. Thompson, vice presidents; Lyman W. Griffin, treasurer; Charles H. Davis, secretary; Sidney B. Rintels, W. H. Pierce, P. J. Dyer, John H. Dorsey, John R. Sawyer, Arthur C. Morey, Charles A. Stover, George E. Grover, A. L. Kimball, C. Everett Packard, Charles W. Freeman, Henry L. Greene, William H. Glover and Sherman M. Sears, executive committee. Mr. Finneran gave an address on the features of the stamp tax, and urged the affixing of a stamp in all cases where the question of doubt arises. "If there is any reasonable doubt, put it on," was his advice. It was voted to collect statistics relative to the work required of parcels post agencies in drug stores, for the purpose of co- operating with the state and national associations in the effort for better remuneration for such service. C. A. Stover reported progress on the activities of the Union Wholesale Drug Company, the co-operative buying club, and asked every member of the association to identify himself with the company. Prof. C. F. Nixon gave an illuminating talk on the Harrison bill, and he told of the things which druggists must do to con- form to the law. Two things which he emphasized, and which are to be circulated by the association to all its mem- bers, as a warning, are the necessity of making application of the internal revenue collector for certain forms, and to file with the collector before March 5 a statement or inventory of all narcotics in stock, whether in the form of pills or liquids or bulk. Druggists in Massachusetts Legislature Boston, Feb. 10. — The ^Massachusetts Legislature this year contains only two druggi.'its. the smallest number for some years. They are Fred O. Lrw is of Lowell, who represents the 18th Middlesex district, and I.dn.ond 1'. Talbot of Fall River, who represents the 9th Bristol ilistric t. Lewis is a Republican, and has a store at 48 Branch street, while Talbot is a Democrat and has a store at 2 East Main street. It is Talbot's first term, and Lewis's second. Lewis has been appointed on the com- mittee on cities, and Talbot on the committee on labor. .\t Woodbury, Ga., the Williams Drug Co. store was dam- aged in a $12,000 conflagration which visited that cily re- cently. 130 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [Maech, 1915 G. A. S. MEMBERS LEARN ABOUT NEW LAW S. V. B. Swann Explains Harrison Law — Advises Separate Box Prescription File — Other Features S. V. B. Swann, chairman of the legislative committee of the German Apothecaries' Society, at the February meeting of that organization, discussed the regulations for the enforcement of the Harrison law, which were recently issued by the Internal Revenue Department. He emphasized the importance of own- ers of more than one store registering eac.h separately under the act. He also pointed out that if a physician wanted hypo- dermic tablets containing any of the narcotic drugs specified in the law for office use, he would have to make out an order on the regular order blank supplied by the government. The druggist must know the registration number of the physician whose prescription he is filling, if the prescription contains narcotics. The Harrison law supersedes the Treasury decision enforced by the Bureau of Chemistry anent the sale of cocaine. _ Mr. Swann suggested that a separate file of special construc- tion be employed to keep prescriptions containing narcotics, inasmuch as the law requires that they be filed separately. He stated that if the druggist kept narcotic prescriptions on the regular prescription files he would be obliged to keep an index of all prescriptions containing any of the proscribed drugs. By keeping such prescriptions in a separate box file, it would be easier both for the pharmacists and for the inspector to pro- duce and look over these records when necessary. That seven Brooklyn druggists had been arrested for selling Bell's syrup of codeine without a prescription, was reported by Mr. Swann. He was unable to state whether these arrests were made at the instigation of the board of health or the State authorities. A number of communications were read by Corresponding Secretary Carl Baum. The Professional League of Long Island City suggested several amendments to the Boylan law. Mr. Swann remarked that any proposed amendments to the Boylan law would be taken up by the New York Pharmaceutical Con- ference. An invitation was received from the Scientific Society of New York requesting the members to participate in the cen- tennial anniversary of Bismarck's birthday. President Robert S. Lehman asked the members to take part in the affair. Otto P. Gilbert, chairman of the entertainment committee, reported that almost $400 had been realized on the charity concert held January 28. On his motion, a vote of thanks was extended to Miss Elsa Riefflin and the other artists who con- tributed so much to the artistic success of the occasion. Otto Raubenheimer, chairman of the scientific committee, re- ported that in the near future papers would be read by F. Fr. A. Haase, of Newark, N. J., on "Tobacco," and H. L. Rehse, of Long Island, on "Poultry." Professor Charles E. Vander- kleed, of Philadelphia, who started on a trip to Germany re- cently sent his greetings to the society and promised to lecture before the members about his experiences and impressions while abroad. Emil Roller discussed dispensing by physicians, condemning the practice. He suggested that the trade committee be en- larged to give this matter thorough attention and to work out a remedy. The suggestion was acted upon. The committee was enlarged to include Mr. Roller. Among those who discussed the speaker's remarks were Messrs. Gilbert, Raubenheimer, Riefflin, Schleussner, and C. N. Lehman. Emil Lindemann, of Staten Island, and George Neuschaefer, of Brooklyn, were elected members. Otto Raubenheimer concluded the meeting by lecturing on the British Pharmacopoeia. He criticized the processes and preparations of the latest revision of this book and pointed out that 16 years have elapsed since the last revision. The B, P. has two temperature standards, 15.5°C., and 62°F. In some parts of the book the unit of weight is spelled "gramme" and in others "gram." The latter, he thought, might readily be confused with the word "grain." Mr. Raubenheimer called attention to the introduction of the word "mils" in place of cubic centimeters. He cited several instances, also, to sho>v tlint the nnmmrlritun- of the B. P. is confusing. He depm i •! n . u h pharmacopoeia in calling for the us. : certain drugs and giving no offici i! i us, in the case of spirit of nilroglyc M ;i 1 1 n ; . , , im ',,1 tMinmerce" is given as one of Hie inRrcdic nls. The practicability of the formula given for iiuuil.ige of acacia was questioned by Mr. R uben- heimer, and he also called attention to the fact that the opium content of paregoric had been increased to 5 per cent. In conclusion, he asserted that "on the whole, the new British pharmacopoeia is no credit to English pharmacy or to phanru.cy in general." KINGS COUNTY MEMBERS ALL "IN FAVOR" Society Reaffirms Its Endorsement of Stevens Bill and will get State Congressmen to Push it The Kings County Pharmaceutical Society, at its February meeting, held at the Brooklyn College of Pharmacy, reaffirmed its endorsement of the Stevens price-maintenance bill, H. R. 13305, and instructed the secretary to write every congressman from Brooklyn requesting them to use their best efforts to bring about the favorable reporting out of this measure by the House committee on interstate and foreign commerce. The secretary was further instructed to request Arthur S. Wardle, president of the N. Y. S. P. A., to appeal to the Congressmen from all sections of New York State. A resolution was also adopted requesting the State Board of Pharmacy to investigate the many minor institutions in the State in which drug shops are often conducted by incompetent internes, who are permitted to fill prescriptions. It was pointed out that numerous poison- ings and deaths might occur from this source and the institu- tions' reports would not divulge the condition of affairs. J. H. Rehfuss, reporting for the legislative committee, called attention to the "model" narcotic bill which would soon be in- troduced into the State legislature by the N. Y. S. P. A., legislative committee and which would conform with the Har- rison law. He stated that the Whitney bill of last year, to put druggists beyond the reach of the bonding companies, would be revived. Mr. Rehfuss expressed the opinion that druggists should keep close watch of the drafting of the new State con- stitution. Particular attention should be given to see that em- ployes in the pharmacy should be held responsible for their' own acts. N. Y. R. D. A. HOLDS ANNUAL BANQUET The New York Retail Druggists' Association held its 18th annual banquet and reception at the Laurel garden, 75 East 116th street, on the evening of January 29. The affair was well attended and was a great success. The banquet was served late in the evening and was preceded and followed by dancing. Many attractive souvenirs were distributed among the guests. Among those who through their efforts contributed to the success of the occasion were: President, George J. Pa- litz; first vice president, Julius A. Klein; second vice presi- dent, Pincus Herz; treasurer, Peter Diamond; financial secre- tary. Dr. B. Miller; corresponding secretar>', Edward Sher; recording secretary, L. Marmor; sergeant at arms, M. M. Rosenberg; entertainment committee, Edward Sher, chairman; G. J. Palitz, H. Sarason, M. A. Feinberg, A. Margulis. iM. Mj Rosenberg, P. Herz, general chairman; reception committe«J| Dr. B. Miller, chairman; Dr. J. Weinstein. Peter Diamond, J. Leon Lascoff, George Rosenson, C. Bernstein, Dr. Samuel Harkavy officiated as floor manager. BALTIMORE DRUGGISTS DISCUSS LAW Baltimore, February 3. — Th; members of the Baltimore Re- tail Druggists' Association turned out in large number for a meeting at tlie Hotel Emerson last I^Iorday night to hear dis- cussed some of the points in the Harrison Anti-Narcotic law, which will go into t. oct shortly. R. E Williamson, the pre- siding officer; Dr. H. P. Hynson, Charles L Meyjr and otnera discussed the regulations recently issued by the Government at Washington for the guidance of collccton; of internal revenue in regard to the enfor';ement of tho regulatory provisions of the statute, and they pointed out thit compliance with tlie require- ments would necessitate much kec, ing of records, which might at first glance appear very burdensome to the retail druggist and the dispenser. These sellers arc not only required to regis- ter themsci es, but they must exercise care that the drugs which they sell do not go to any one without proper authorit>- to receive them. In other words, ever>' one registered as a lawful distributor of the drugs must see to it that cven,-body else who buys from them is registered, this double method of security being effected by a system of records kept on file. The re- ^Mabch, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 131 Jailer is compelled lo record his own purchases, and he must ^fliewise keep a record of the sales, and the two must tally i|with the quantity of narcotics he may happen to have on hand /nrhen a Government inspector comes around to investigate. '" The speakers, however, gave it as their opinion that when a druggist had once adopted a thorough system of keeping his ^records, and of sending in proper requisitions to wholesale r houses, much of the difficulty now believed to attach to the new • regulations would disappear. ' Some fifty of the members of the organization were present, attesting thereby their direct interest in the subject. * ELECTS OFFICERS AND MEMBERS BANQUET Baltimore, February 2. — The Baltimore Drug Exchange held i' its annual meeting on January 20 at the Hotel Emerson, when the nominating committee reported and the organization elected ' the following officers for the ensuing year : President, James ~ E. Hancock. John F. Hancock & Son; First Vice-President, Al- frcd E. Mealy, Gilbert Bros. & Co.; Second Vice-President, ^ James Owens, Carr, Owens Co.; Secretary, J. Emor\' Bond, •• Parke, Davis & Co.; Treasurer, Dr. A. R. L, Dohnie, Sharp & f Dohme; Executive Committee, W. M. McCormick, ZMcCormick L& Co.; Joseph F. Hindes, Emerson Drug Company, and G. U Frank Baily, James Baily & Son. ' The annual reports were submitted, which showed the or- ' ganization to be in an excellent condition, financially and other- wise, and the activities of the association during the year in ■ the way of fighting injurious measures and promoting tL e ' which were in the interest of the public were set forth. At the banquet which formed the principal feature of the I evening. Howard E. French, of Smith, Kline &: French Co., Philadelphia, spoke on the inequalities as to the admission of " drugs to the various ports of the United States. He pointed ' out that collectors of customs at nearly all of the principal ' ports had different rulings on importations, and that this di- _ vergence caused the importers much loss and trouble. Mr. ■ French has made a special study of the subject and presented it in a highly interesting way. ; Leroy D. Oldham, of the H. B. Gilpin Company, Baltimore, t entertained the company with a witty address and Addison E. j Mullikin discoursed on "Civic Ideals." John B. Thomas, of I' the Thomas & Thompson Drug Company, was also an honored 1- guest. There were some forty-one members in attendance, the - Exchange having grown in a most gratifying manner during • the year. fl J BOSTON D. C. P. A.'s FIRST ANNUAL BALL Boston, Feb. 16. — The Boston Drug Clerks Protective Asso- I dation, which is organized as Local 28, of the American Fed- eration of Labor, held its first annual ball Feb. 11 in Howe Hall, and the affair was attended by about 800 persons. A ' souvenir program of 24 pages was issued, well filled with ad- vertising, and containing the portraits of five of the officers. In the program, also, was a statement of the reasons for or- ' ganizing, and appealing to the general public in their struggle for the right to organize. The statement said that following ' the organization of the association; six of their members, all employed by the Riker-Jaynes Company for periods varying from two to ten years, were dismissed without warning, and that the matter of the dismissals was taken up first by the Boston Central Labor Union, and after\vard by the New Eng- land Representative of the American Federation of Labor, but that no satisfaction could be obtained either from Mr. Alley or from the Boston manager. The officers of the association are : Bernard S. Devlin, presi- dent; Arthur Viens and B. A. Mansfield, vice presidents; Wal- ter .\. Guptill, recording secretary; John F. Hoffman, corres- ponding and financial secretary; Patrick J. Kinnier, guide; Thomas J. Loughlan, Francis H. Tapley, Harry Pitchers, trus- tees; George Alexander, S. F. Rosin, William J. Kelley, audit- ing committee. BAY STATE PHARMACISTS MEET Boston, Feb. 15. — The midwinter meeting of the Massachu- setts State Ph. A. was held today at the Hotel Bancroft in Worcester, for the purpose of considering pending legislation affecting the interests of phannacy. There was a representative gathering from all over the state. President Frank J. Camp- bell of Lowell presided. James F. Finneran of Boston, chair- man of tlie committee on legislation, made a thorough and com- prehensive report upon all bills which have been presented to tlie Legislature which in any way affect pharmacy. \'ery naturally, in view of the approaching day when the Harrison narcotic bill will go into effect, much attention was paid to the matter of state legislation on the same lines, and as a result of tlie meeting was the passage of a vote in favor of an anti-narcotic law which will combine the provisions of tlie state and federal law in one. The proposed new law, it was explained, is a result of conferences between physicians and pharmacists, and would make the procuring of narcotics so difficult that it would do much toward eliminating the "dope" fiend. Definite action was taken on the place of holding the annual meeting. Instead of going to Swampscott, as during the re- cent years, the association voted to accept the invitation of the Springfield Board of Trade to hold the midsummer meeting in tliat city. YOUNG PHARMACISTS NOTHING TO FEAR Examining' Board Doesn't Want to Find Out lio-w Little Candidate Knows, but is he Competent? Boston, Feb. 10.— President Charles F. Ripley, of the state Board of Registration in Pharmacy, appealed to the traveling men of the state, at the annual dinner of the Traveling Men's Auxiliary of the Massachusetts State Pharmaceutical Associa- tion, to assure the young men of the state who are contem- plating taking the examination for registration that they have nothing to fear in such examination. "It is up to you travelling men," said President Ripley, "to put right the boys who are candidates for registration. Many boys who come before us are so frightened that they fail to answer the questions which they might easily answer under ordinary circumstances. As president of the board, I wish you would tell these young men that it is not our purpose to find out how little they know, but merely to ascertain if the young man is competent to take charge of a drug store. You traveling men have a great opportunity to set them right, and to stimu- late confidence in themselves." The annual dinner was held at the Plaza Hotel and was attended by over 100. J. A. Baader, the president, presided, and C. H. Perry was the eloquent and gifted toastmaster. Be- side President Ripley, the guests included ex-Mayor Jolm F. Fitzgerald of Boston, "Charlie" Brickley, the Harvard football captain and kicker, M. Sumner Coggan, the new counsel for the association, and T. D. Lavelle, assistant district attorney of Suffolk Countv. MINNESOTA Ph. A. WELL ATTENDED More than 400 pharmacists attended the 31st annual meeting of the Minnesota State Pharmaceutical Association, held re- cently at the Hotel Ryan, St. Paul. In response to an address by Governor Hammond, Donald Robertson, of Argyle, former State senator, declared "We don't know what the Harrison act will do, but we do know that we are going to accept it." In his annual address, President Max Menzel suggested legislation which would provide for an official prescription blank, to be used by all physicians in the State of Minnesota. He recom- mended that the word "State" be dropped from the association's official name. He urged that the executive committee be elected to serve three years, one new member to be elected each year. Mr. Menzel concluded his address with a recommendation that the members respond to the appeal sent out by Holland pharma- cists for aid for the pharmacists of Belgium. Among the addresses and papers presented at the meeting were the following : "Retail Store Accounts," C. H. Turner, of St. Paul, and "How to Make the Soda Fountain Pay Winter and Summer," Emil P. Hilbert. W. S. Smetana, chairman of the commercial section, opened the general discussion on commercial pharmacy. Among the subjects discussed were : "Modem Store Arrangement for Economy and Efficiency in Selling Goods," and "Application of the Stamp Revenue Tax." The following officers were elected : President, R. J. Messing St. Paul, who is also president of the R. D. A. of that city; first vice president, J. F. Deneck, Minneapolis; second vice president. Miss Marie Piesinger, New Prague; third vice presi- dent, C. McGregor, Detroit; secretary. Professor Edward L> 132 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [March, 1915 Newcomb, University of Minnesota ; treasurer, L. J. Aberwald, St. Paul. Two hundred and forty-eight new members were elected. Amendments to the by-laws covering failure to pay dues for three consecutive years will throw out more than 200 members. Truman Griffin, Minneapolis; W. T. Abbott, Duluth, and H. W. Roetzke, St. Paul, were elected members of the executive committee. Retiring president Max Menzel, of Pipestone, pres- ented the association with a gavel made of catlinite, or pipe- stone, of which the Indians made pipes. It was fashioned from a piece of stone found in the vicinity of Pipestone. The Minnesota Travelers' auxiliary elected these officers : President, T. J. McMillan, of Minneapolis; first vice president, W. H. Schneider, St. Paul; second vice president, C. H. Pear- son, Minneapolis; third vice president, C. S. Burrows, Minne- apolis; secretary and treasurer, A. H. McMullen. W. R. Neb- lett, F. Charboneau and George Gardiner were named members of the executive committee. Boston D. A.'s Annual Meeting The Boston Druggists' Association held its annual meeting and dinner Jan. 26 at Youngs Hotel, with full ranks. About 75 members were present, and paid signal honor to William F. Sawyer, the veteran druggist, by making him an honorary mem- ber. The following officers were elected: William S. Briry, president; George H. Ingrahani, treasurer; Harry C. Wiagin, secretary; Fred-L. Carter, Jr., Charles F. Ripley, H. E. Bow- man, A. H. Bartlett, Charles C. Hearn, F. W. Doliber, and W. H. Glover, executive committee; C. E. M. Harrington, Ralph R. Patch, H. C. Otis, H. W. DeCoster and R. Albro Newton, membership committee. Four new members were admitted, as follows; J. E. Mullen, H. C. Muldoon, C. Whitney Hubbard and A. H. Adams. AMONG THE ASSOCIATIONS The Philadeli-ihia .Association of Retail Druggists, at its an- nual meeting held in the Continental Hotel, endorsed the Har- rison anti-narcotic law, which goes into effect March 1, and provides that all persons handling opium and its derivatives must be registered. Heretofore druggists were compelled to keep a record of the sales but physicians were not. Theodore Campbell, a member of the State Legislature, was elected president; W. A. Carpenter, A. J. Frankeberger and W. D. Reynolds, vice-presidents; G. W. Fehr, treasurer; J. H. Bar- low, secretary, and R. W. White, chairman of the executive committee. The National Paint, Oil and Varnish Association at its re- cent meeting at the New Willard Hotel, Washington, D. C, discussed the question of selecting a permanent secretary, and also the plan of the Paint Trade Mutual Fire Insurance Ex- change. It was suggested that a competent solicitor be en- gaged to personally visit the cities where increased insurance could be secured and lay the plan before the trade. The offi- cers of the association are: President, W. D. Foos; vice-presi- dents, P. H. Callahan, J. E. Hatt, and F. P. Cheesman ; secre- tary, Chas. J. Caspar. The next meeting will be held in Cleve- land in September. I'he New Jersey Drug Clerks' Association will hold its first animal n (. i | .1 i. jii aiid liall on Wednesday evening, April 29 at l'iM\ ilrl-'jii^^ iiiMii|.>! tli( aiuiunl convention of Kappa Psi hrU\ ,r,M,tlv ,1 M is.a. ii.is, Us ColleKe nf I'harnKuv. lios- Charles W. Stockhausen, corresponding secretary; C. A. Senne- wald, financial secretary; O. J. Cloughly, H. L. Hudson, A. S. Ludwig, Charles Runner and W. F. Ittner, executive board. The Illinois State Ph. A. will meet at Springfield, June IS to 17, inclusive. This is contrary to an earlier report that Cen- tralia had been chosen. It was questioned whether the latter city had adequate hotel facilities to care for the convention. The Lowell (Mass.) Ph. A. elected the following officers: President, Fred Howard; vice president, Joseph Routhier; sec- retary and treasurer. Fred K. Burtt; executive committee, R. S. Donoghue, W. R. Kiernan and Charles Devno. Professor Charles F. Nixon, of Leominster, was the guest of honor on this occasion, which was that of the annual dinner. The Louisville, Ky., druggists' association has requested the Board of City Commissioners to enact an ordinance prohibiting druggists from selling liquors in any quantities, except for medicinal purposes, and then onlv on the prescription of a regular practising physician. A fine of not more than SI 00 nor less than $25 is the penalty proposed for each offense. The Albany (X. Y.) Drug Club has elected the following, officers: President, W. T. Morris; vice president, Albert L. Frederick, and secretary-treasurer, Frank J. Smith. The an- nual banquet followed the election and at this function Edwardi Loeb, the retiring president, presided. The speakers were Mayor Joseph W. Stevens, President-elect ^Morris, Charles Gib- son. Senator Samuel A. Jones, Dr. Erastus Corning, Secretary' of State Francis M. Hugo and others. Mr. Gibson urged the| repeal of the Boylan law. ' The Rexall club of New Jersey held a meeting at .Atlantic City recently and elected John A. Schult, of Trenton nresident. Mr. Schultz was also made chairman of the special service^ committee. The club is composed of 117 druggists. It was, decided at the meeting that newspaper advertising is practically' the only advertising which gives the retail druggist desired re- sults. The consensus was against house-to-house distributions. Norfolk, Portsmouth and Berkley, \'a., druggists and drug clerks met recently at the jNIonticello hotel, Norfolk, and or- ganized as a permanent association for the purpose of fighting! price cutting in the drug business. The members will en-j deavor to get rational prices on goods now cut to the point of' no profit. O. M. Jones was elected temporary chairman; R. L.' Francis, secretary, and G. R. Taylor, treasurer. A campaign,' for members will be conducted. J. S. MERRELL DRUG CO. 70 YEARS OLD The J. S. Merrell Drug Co., of St. Louis, recently celebrated the 70th anniversary of its existence by placing a full page advertisement in each of the city papers announcing the fact^ In the ad. the statrimnt was made that the concern had shovraj a steady growth umL r the following rules of conduct: I "Ncv sk e accounts. ' I if hard times, l ause of hard times, mts or rebates or other trade. stomer to the prejudice ' r Imy liusuiess by gi\ni;. (KM;!-, n.it recognized as regular ■ .\i \, r li.ivc secret terms will of :iny other customer. "Never have secret terms with people from whom goods are bought. "I!, , , ,t ■' ' - ' < been open and normal, de- ii.iKii: s. watchfulness and sen-ict minstrel .show al lln Anns Feb. 3. Amoi.L; 11,-., \, 1„, Jacob Liebersteiii. Mis Charles T. Wagner, Henry 1 W'llk.ison, George Gi nil irr, l i.iiik Chipman, A. II eiiiri I.I iiiiiirnt and il) nil Ihie evening of \(ie: Max Guenther, -Mis ( '.irl T. Luvties, Klein, W.inl II. "Lee, lelhuji, I i;, Sute- •ddy. R. 11. .S. Koch, H. D. Delk. sk, imp, .\. W. W ■ -i U, Ti Golden, L. A. Seitz. After the show there w is ihiuiir^- The St. Louis R. D. A., at its recent aiinn.il in.iimu for the election of officers, named Dr. W. A. Ilodsilur piesideut for another term; B. C. Huger. first vice-president; Otto C. Hauser, second vice-president; George F. Hausgen, treasurer; ' Tk. - 1 ! ; iii,.i: k.is I" en in command for 30 years, and the tliinl -em ration is well in the harness, preparing to take coinni.md when the time comes." The advertisement also carried fifty-four photographs. Cen- trally grouped were pictures of J. S. ^Merrell, founder, de- ceased, 1SS5; Edward Bindschadlcr. late secretary, deceased 1010; and TInbert S. Merrell. late vice-president, dccc.i.scd 1911. At the he ld of li e aimouncement were the pictures of Cyrus P. Walbriil^e piesnk nt and general manager; George B. Merrell, vi( e-]>i( siilent. s.iles manager and house superintendent; and Mi rnU r Walbridge. second vice-president, city credits and In ,1.1 of i.ilkction department. Likenesses of other officers — Hubert ."^ Merrell, Jr., secretary, chemist and head of labora- tory; and Henry J. Stolle. treasurer, country credits and gen- eral auditor ^Marcii. 1915] TIIK PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 133 FROM THE BUSINESS FIELD. r>vcK & Rayner. retail druggists, Chicago, will erect a S750.(X)0 fifteen-story building at the southwest comer of State and Adams streets. The general style of the architecture will ,:be modern Spanish. The e.xterior will be of white terra cotta. . A special feature of the building will be the construction of 20 i display cases in the lobby for the use of tenant'; liuck & t Rayner will occupy the corner store and basement, wliii h will 'be of the most sanitary construction, with glass and muhie as the principal materials. With this corner establishment, the i company will have control by long leases of three of the most I valuable corners on State street, besides five other stores in the ' city. The officers of the company are Louis Eckstein, presi- dent: Stephen Hexter. vice president, and Wm. L. Brown, .Charles V. Boynton. C. P. Wheeler and Richard C. Lake, di- rectors. It is expected that the building will be ready for oc- .cupancy by July 1. The company offered $100 for a suitable name. The Leggett Drug Co. has been organized to succeed Leg- gett & Peddie. of Glens Falls. X. Y. The members of the new » corporation are Fred L. LaSalle, president; E. J. Smith, vice -president and treasurer, and F. T. Atwell, secretary. The re- ; tiring member of the old firm is George Leggett. He has been in business in the above city for approximately 52 years, and with this over a half century- of experience, feels that he is en- titled to be relieved from business cares. Charles B. Pcddie, a member of the old firm, died Dec. 9, last year. !Mr. LaSalle, I president, has been with the business 12 years; E. J. Smith, with it 13 years, had charge of the paint and glass department, and Mr. .\twell, a graduate of Albany C. P., has been in the . retail drug business 16 years. The Croom-Stebler-Hudsox Drcg Co., successor to the I Carter-Mayfield Drug Co., Shreveport, La., is composed of I the oldest and most experienced drug men in that city. Upon taking charge of the business at the wellknown location, 326 I Texas St.. about two months ago, the new company gave the I- store a complete overhauling, and increased the stock until now it includes every line to be found in the modern drug store. W. G. Hudson, formerly general manager of the Shreveport I Drug Co., is secretary and treasurer of the new company and also the general manager. Eniil W. Stebler, also formerly of j the Shreveport Co., is vice-president in charge of the prescrip- I tion end of the business. The president is C. B. Croom, a I wellknown banker and capitalist of IMooringsport, La. I The Riker-Jayxes drug store employes held their third an- 1 nual assembly recently in beautiful Convention Hall, where nearly 1.000 persons participated. It was a very successful , affair, and due in large measure to the efficiency of H. D. Vit- tum. advertising manager for the company. .Associated with him on the general committee were the foil- m _ i, ^ .n^ and I the names of the committee they serveri 1 1 F, Nickerson. refreshments; G. J. Chambers I F. - Sencne, badges; M. E. Adams, hall and miwi- .1 li -j iiiney, decorations; W. F. Doherty, secretary; P. J. Neeson, treasurer; W. S. Shaffer, assistant treasurer. Mr. Doherty served as floor director. Joseph Fleming & Sons Co., druggists of ISIarket street, , Pittsburg. Pa., were found guilty in Criminal Court recently of selling poisonous drugs destructive to life in quantities of five grains or under without inquiring the purpose for which they were to be used. John H. Staley. president of the company, stated he had given orders to his druggists to abide strictly by the act governing the sale of poisons. The jury convicted on the third count in the indictment, the first and second were for selling without a prescription and without registering. The drug sold was heroin. The verdict in these counts was not guilty. H. K. MfLPORD Co., has recently purchased the buildings at 428 and 430 South Thirteenth St.. Philadelphia, and after ex- tensive alterations, have refitted them as laboratory administra- tive offices, in which the general superintendent and assistants are located, and where also will be housed the purchasing agent, cost department, stock records, etc. The Mulford Co. now occupies the entire block bounded by Waverly, Lombard, Thir- teenth to Addison, in addition to the block at 11th and Cather- ine Sts., and the suburban properties at Glenolden and Ridge- way, the latter being devoted exclusively to the production of veterinary biological products. F. K. Sharp is the next "good" druggist to receive publicity from Collier's ^^'eekly. J. D. Henderson, of Knoxville, Tenn., "a long-time subscriber," recently sent in to that publication the following: "In your editorial columns of December 26, 1914, you refer to an advertising sign in a drug store in To- peka. K:in. I feel that it is right and proper to tell you that Toin ka has nothing on Knoxville, Tenn., as there has been for fiHir ye:us :i siijn in a prominent place in the store of F. B. Sliaip, druggist, which reads as follows: "If you are sick enough to take medicine, consult a physician. Advertising, not merit, sells most of the patent medicines." The Read Drug and Chemical Co., of Baltimore, which conducts several stores in different parts of the city, gave its employes an entertainment at the Liberty and Lexington street establishment on February 5. A few invited guests also were present. Luncheon was. served, for which the tables were ar- ran.ged in the shape of a physician's "IJ." Several films of motion pictures were shown, and goodnatured caricatures of almost every one in the gathering were thrown on the screen. Talks on business were given by Ralph A. Nattans. general manager of the stores, and others. Charles W. Weltner, a druggist of Charleroi, Pa., has gone into voluntary bankruptcy, together with his son, Ed- ward G. Weltner, a druggist of Uniontown, Pa. The action against the, elder Weltner was brought by Fayette County creditors. His assets were given at $67,000 and his liabilities at $87,000. That Weltner was forced into bankruptcy because of his coal holdings was shown by the recital of his assets which were in the main composed of 400 acres of coal land in Greene County. His store, a house and a lot were included in the smash. The New Hampshire Drug Co., with offices, laboratories and sales warerooms at Traction and Canal streets, Manchester, N. H., has been organized as a new wholesale drug concern. It is claimed to be the only company of its kind between Boston and Portland. The personnel of the company is as follows: Walter H. Henry, Boston, president; George Elliott Dunn, vice president; H. A. Mullikin, treasurer. A completely equipped bacteriological laboratory will be a feature, also a bottling equipment, and an up-to-the-minute system of storage for vo- latile chemicals. John K. Ball, Main street, Carmi, III, druggist, recently featured a "Booster" contest, which caused considerable excite- ment in that city. A button was given a certain citizen of Carmi, who was wellknown and anyone who held a Booster' coupon in his hand and correctly asked for the Booster Button would be given it by the citizen. In turn the button was taken to Mr. Ball's store and traded for a gold watch, which was the prize awarded in the contest. The boys in the contest tackled everybody on Main street, much to the delight of the good citizens of Carmi. Senator J. P. Hemphill has introduced two bills in the TiMliana Legislature that are of special interest to druggists and which are backed by the N. A. R. D., the Indiana State Phar- maceutical Association, and the State board of pharmacy. One bill requires that all persons desiring to register shall be graduates of a four years' course in pharmacy, and the other fixes .salaries of pharmacists in all State and penal benevolent institutions at not less than .ST.t or more than $100 a month and rec|uiring them to lie legistered. The Avery Chemic.\l Co:mpany, makers of lactates, Bos- ton, which has been operating under the laws of Maine, has been granted a Massachusetts charter. Under the Maine laws, the capital of $250,000, and the officers were as follows: Alan A. Claflin, president: Stanl. y F 1- a itli full, trea.surer; and they and J. Murray Walker ami Cliailrs L. Gagnebin, directors. The incorporators of the m w loinpany, which will have a capital of $280,000, are Messrs. Claflin, FaithfuII and Walker. The Boston office is at 88 Broad street. The Conrad Grocery, 715 Washington avenue, St. Louis, recently announced the opening of a drug store in connection with the grocery. This includes a prescription department. It is said this is the first grocery drug store west of the Missis- sippi. The drug department is under the supervision of J. A. W'eipert. Toilet articles are a main feature. "VVe have been in business 41 years," said Fred Conrad, "and this new depar- ture is only in keeping with our efforts to always make sub- stantial progress." 134 THE PHARMACEUTICAIi ERA [March, 1915 The Warren Chemical Products Company, Warren, Pa., recently received the largest order in its history and immediately started operations to its fullest capacity and largest working force. The plant, which is one of Warren's leading industries, has received a $500,000 order for gun-cotton from one of the warring European Powers. The plant will operate both day and night until the order is filled. This is the second contract the company has received since the starting of hostilities in the old country. Francisco Trapani, 35, a druggist of 226 East 29th street, New York, recently pleaded guilty in Special Sessions of practicing medicine without a license on a two-year-old boy who died after his ministrations. A Bellevue hospital physician when summoned, said the child was dying of croup, but could have been saved if a doctor had been called earlier. The boy died four hours later and Trapani gave a death certificate to the undertaker, which was approved by a coroner's physi- lian. Trapani was remanded for sentence. E. R. Squibb & Sons Co., Brooklyn, N. Y., were separated fr. m $3,500 in cash and $5,000 in checks recently, when a confiden- tial messenger, who for 25 years had carried the company's payroll, turned the funds over to a 22-year-old Squibb employe, and then went back to the office "to find out why the 'boss' had sent for him." The clever one had destroyed all his "pho- tographs a week or so previously and inasmuch as he had also expressed a desire to visit the Panama exposition, he may be headed in that direction. Detectives were put on the trail. John A. Patten, a wealthy citizen of Chattanooga, Tenn., a manufacturer of proprietary medicines and a Methodist, is suing Harper's Weekly Corporation and McClure's Publica- tions, Inc., for $250,000 damages, alleged to have been in- curred by the publication of an article published in Harper's Weekly on January 9. The case is an action for alleged libel and was begun in the Supreme court. The action is also against Norman Hapgood personally. Papers have been served, it is reported. Herman Friedlander, a druggist of 31 13th street, Brooklyn, N. Y., was held in $1,000 bail on a charge of having in his possession and selling improper articles. The charge was brought by Anthony Comstock, president of the Society for the Prevention of Vice. Together with a warrant officer, Mr. Com- stock, and an agent of the society, called at Friedlander's store and purchased some articles which they held as evidence, and the arrest followed. Over 1,500 pieces of unlawful merchandise were confiscated. The Neuralgyiine Co., Wheeling, W. Va., according to the annual report of President Weiss, earned a net profit in 1914 of 21 per cent. The earnings for the year were slightly lower than for the previous year, but this was accounted for on the grounds that the company always has had a large for- eign trade, which was necessarily curtailed somewhat by the European war. The old board of directors were re-elected as follows: H. F. Behrens, W. E. Weiss, A. H. Diebold, Otto Schenk, Henry G. Stifel, C. A. Aul and F. F. Jadwin. Edward H. Hull, who for the past four years has been head clerk in the drug store of Ward Rees, Elm street, Spring- field, Mass., has purchased the interest of the latter. Some time early in March, Mr. and Mrs. Rees are expected to leave for California, where they will pass several months. The busi- ness is of long standing, having been established 47 years ago. Mr. Hull is a graduate of Buffalo University and has been a student at the University of Virginia and the State Normal school, Buffalo, N. Y. Mitchell & Gaynor, druggists, Boston, recently suffer J damage to the extent of $2,500 by fire in their Columbus avenue drug store, corner of West Newton street, recently. The fire started in the basement, probably from spontaneous combustion, and it was necessary to chop up some of the floor of the store to fight it. Miss Sue Forsyth, one of the clerks, who was the first to smell smoke, showed presence of mind by putting all the books and private papers in tlie safe before leaving. The Burrough Bros. Manufacturing Co., manufacturers of pharmaceuticals, Baltimore, has leased some 17,350 square feet of space in the Coca Cola Building, Center Market Space and Pratt street, and is expected to occupy the new quarters about April 1. The building now used by the company was especially crcrtcd for it years ago, when the late Horace Bur- rough W IS |ii(siil, nt of the company, but the desire to secure more iiii'Wnii f u ilnics prompted the change. The Griswold Drug Co., capital, $10,000, was recently in- corporated. This Hartford, Conn., drug business is that of C. R. Griswold, and was founded in 1836. The officers are: President and treasurer, Charles R. Griswold; vice president, Robert Griswold; secretary, John C. O'Neil. Mr. Griswold is one of the veterans of the drug business in his city and w*U continue to manage the store himself. Mr. O'Neil has been with the Griswold house 10 years. The Harle-Hass Wholesale Drug Co., Council Bluffs, la^ has elected the following officers: President, Willoughby Dye, Macedonia; vice president, Chris Straub, Council Bluffs; sec- retary, T. I. Leary, Council Bluffs; treasurer, A. J. Faul, Coun- cil Bluffs; general manager, F. H. Garrett; directors, W. Dye, William Skillicom, Glenwood; Chris Straub, H. C. Hatlen-j hauer, Council Bluffs; L. I. Edson, Council Bluffs; F. Hi Garrett and E. J. Raymond, Des Moines. I South Texas Drug Co., San Antonio, stockholders at thei* recent annual meeting formulated definite plans for the altera-, tion of their building in conformity with the city's plan for the widening of West Commerce street. The following officers were elected: President, H. G. Henne; vice president and gen-' eral manager, R. M. Walmsley; vice president, H. V. Schu- mann; secretary and treasurer, S. H. Frieze ; auditor and nian-| ager of the credit department, G. B. Morris. The Hook Drug Co., of Lafayette, Ind., has purchased the lease on the building at Sixth and Main streets. The lease ha* nine years to run. A few months ago the Hook company pur- chased the William W. Johnson drug store at 410 Main street and will move from that location to the scene of the new lease May 1. The rear end of the ground floor of the leased build- ing will be converted' into offices and will be rented to pro- fessional practitioners. The Read Drug and Chemical Co. has reoccupied its origi- nal premises at the southeast comer of Lexington and Howard streets, Baltimore, Md. This company's store was damaged by fire some time ago, since when it has been occupying the old Philipsbom store at the southeast corner of Lexington a->d Liberty streets. The burned building has been remodeled and is now practically "as good as new." The formal opening was attended by many. The L. F. Brown Pharmacy, 600 Washington avenue, southeast, Minneapolis, Minn., was visited by yeggs recently, who were unable to get the safe open with one charge of nitro- glycerine. They put in a second charge, which when it went off, blew out the drug store windows, threw a school teacher upstairs out of bed and aroused the neighborhood for three blocks around. It also opened tlie safe. The booty con- sisted of $200 in cash and stamps. ; The Hausman Drug Co., recently of Trinidad, Col., where ]Mr. Hausman has conducted three stores, also a jobbing busi- ness, has just opened a beautiful store in Pueblo. .\ 30-foot' soda fountain and a pretty balcony are features. The Pueblo' store is under the management of W. H. Gordon. It is lo- cated at Fourth and Main streets. The public made n in- spection of the establishment upon the occasion of its opening. J. D. Humphrey & Son, Huntsville, Ala., have opened a beautiful new drug store in the recently-erected Twickenham hotel building in that city. The opening day was a gala occa- sion and the store was thronged with visitors. The soda foun- tain, a modern sanitary apparatus, is in the charge of Earf Davidson, a native of Huntsville, who has had considerable experience at some of tlie largest fountains in the South. — The Louis K. Liggett Co., of Boston, has leased the store, basement, and subway store in the building 446-S Fulton street, corner of Hoyt street. Brookl>-n, for a long tenn of years and at a rental aggregating about $500,000. The premises are now occupied by .Vcker, Merrall & Condit, and after ex- tensive alterations the Liggett Co. will take possession about July 1. Wagner & Pool, druggists, Morris, 111., have been made a free dispensary for silver nitrate, in individual tubes; diph- theria antitoxin, typhoid vaccine, free antiblindness treatment packages, free pamphlets containing advice and regulations ancnt contagious diseases; also diphtheria, typhoid and tuber- culosis laboraton,' examination outfits. Every city in the State will have such a feature. C. E. Scarr, who conducted a drug store in South Omaha, Neb., for 22 years, and who two years ago disposed of the establishment, has, after traveling extensively in the East and Mabch, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 135 South, decided that there is no place like South Omaha, and has again entered the drug business in that city. His partner is his former head prescription clerk, Joseph ("Joe") Peschek, and the firm is known as the C. E. Scarr Drug Co. The R. a. CARmcH.^EL Co., manufacturers of toilet prepara- tions, Detroit, Mich., has had a prosperous year, according to reports presented at its annual meeting. R. A. Carmichael was re-elected president The other officers are : J. T. Belanger, vice president; J. A. Stuart, secretary and treasurer; directors, M. W. Allen, The. Beyster, Ora Labadie, W. J. Carlyle and the officers. Woodward, Ci~\rke & Co., druggists, Portland, Ore., won the suit brought against them by Carl Hayne-. who clair„:d $50,000 damages, alleged to have been incurred by the breaking up of his home, etc., because, as he charged, his wife had taken laudanum obtained from the defendants. The husband charged that the company had sold the laudanum with malicious intent. The judge directed a verdict for the defendants. Cle\i:laxd, Texx., associated pastors recently asked the city council to close the drug stores, soda fountains, etc., on Sunday. Needless to say, Cleveland merchants are protestinf ""r-ticular- ly inasmuch as the new ouster law is being investigated, and the mayor intimates that he will close all places of business on Sunday. Fred W. SAtrt;R, pharmacist of Herkimer, N. Y., has pur- chased from the L. B. Jones estate the drug business located in the Prowse building in North street. Mr. Sauer has been connected with the store since 1897. He is now serving as super\-isor. He has also ser\-ed several years as town clerk of Herkimer. The Independent Drug Co., Chicago, has leased the store just north of that occupied by C. D. Peacock at the northeast comer of Adams street. It fronts 281^2 feet with a depth of 147 feet and a width of 35 feet in the rear part. The lease is for a term of 12 years, and the terms are said to provide for a term rent of appro.ximately $350,000. — The .•\meric.\n Druggists' Fire Insurance Co. held its annual stockholders' and directors' meetings at the Hotel Gib- son, Cincinnati, recently, the board and officers being re-elected A good year was reported, in spite of adverse conditions, and prospects for even better business during 1915 were remarked upon. The Mount Holly (N. C.) Drug Co. has been placed in the hands of a receiver. Liabilities are estimated at $3,500 or more, while the assets consist of stock of drugs and fixtures. This company was incorporated several months ago, with Lawrence W. Jenkins, president, and R. F. Grice, secretary and treasurer. Bl-rroughs Wellcome & Co.'s New York Branch has moved its exhibition rooms, offices and city order department to more up-to-date and commodious premises at 18 to 20 East 41st Street. The new premises are very centrally located, V - ing but half a block east of the New York Public Library and convenient to the Grand Central Subway Station. The Paris-Wood Drug Co., operatmg two stores in Colorado Springs, Colo., has dissolved, W. W. Wood of the firm taking over the Opera House BIocr store ' hich he will operate under the name of the Wood Drug Co. A. R. Paris, the other mem- ber of the old firm, has taken over the Acacia Hotel store and will operate it under the narr.ci (.'f tiie ?ari.s Drug Co. The SpuTtLOCK-NEAL Co., wholesale drugsists, Nashville, Tenn.. had its entire sales force in that city recently for annual conference. The stockholders met on the same day and follow- ing the business of each contingent, officers, stockholders and salesmen gathered in a private dining room of the Commercial club and enjoyed a "spread." The Southern Pharmaceutical Co., Nashville, Tenn., re- cently announced that it will place 27 vaccines on the market early in April. The company was established in Nashville about a year ago, with a capital of $1,000,000. It was founded on the co-operative plan and many druggists and physicians throughout the State took stock. The Rasmussen Drug Co. is the style of the company which will establish a drug store in the comer building of the Wells block on Main street, Aberdeen, S. D. Roy E. and E. D. Rasmussen are the members of the new firm. The former has been associated with the Lacey drug store for 11 years. The latter is a successful business man. The Riker-Jaynes Drug Store, Holyoke, Mass., has occa- sioned some discussion in union circles by having a postal sub- station installed. Because the store was considered unfair to labor, a resolution was adopted to that effect, protesting against the installation of the station, and copies were sent to the local postoffice and to the postmaster-general. Charles H. Scarborough, proprietor of drug stores in Lan- caster, Pa., Philadelphia and Wilmington, Del., has sold the Lancaster store to Clyde H. Cooper, the present manager. Mr. Cooper graduated from Philadelphia C. P. in 1903 and has been with the store for the past 19 years. He has been its manager for the past nine years. John P. Fravvley, Bangor, Me., has again returned to ma- hogany as the material of his store fittings. The new soda fountain, wall fixtures, etc., are of that wood. Before the fire, which almost destroyed his store some years ago, Mr. Frawley had expensive and handsome mahogany fixtures. After the fire he fitted the store in white enamel. Richardson Drug Co., Omaha, Neb., stockholders recently elected as directors C. F. Weller, H. S. Weller, F. C. Patton, E. P. Ellis and J. W. Fisher. Officers elected are: Charles F. Weller, president and general manager; H. S. Weller, vice president and assistant general manager; F. C. Patton, trea- surer, and E. P. Ellis, secretary. The Cash Drug Store, Longview, Texas, has been ..ild by E. G. Spinks to Dr. W. M. Cole and W. H. Terreu, oi Long- view. Mr. Terrell has been manager of the Motley Drug Co. for several years and Dr. Cole has been a practicing physician for many years. Lane-Herrin Drug Co., Millen, Ga., has dissolved, H. O. Herrin retiring from the firm. The business will be conducted under the style of Lane Drug Co., which, it is reported, will settle all the former firm's liabilities and receipt for all debts due that concern. The Hebbard Drug Store, Board street, Lynn, Mass., has been purchased by George Nelson Harris, who formerly con- ducted a drug store at the comer of Lafayette and Leach streets, Salem, and who recently has been acting as manager of the Ropes drag store, Salem. John Meier, for 30 years in the drag business in Columbia City, Ind., has disposed of his interest in the Meier & Keiser drag store, to his partner, John Keiser, and will for some time take a much needed rest. He has not yet decided what he will do after he has quit "just loafing," as he put it. Charles O. Heitkam, a draggist at 1534 Central avenue, Indianapolis, is being sued for $3,000, damages alleged to have been incurred by the plaintiff when she "painted" her face with carbolic acid, which she claims she had purchased at the defendant's drug store for decolorized iodine. Robes'son-Pettet Co., Louisville, Ky., officers and employes were the guests recently of Eli Lilly & Co., of Indianapolis, at a banquet at the Watterson hotel. C. M. Harmon, the Louisville representative of the host, had the affair in charge. The Crane Drug Co., Portand, Mich., in its annual report to the secretary of state recently named these directors: Presi- dent, G. W. Allen; vice president, G. D. Allen; secretary-trea- surer, A. A. Mack; C. D. Tomy and G. W. Rice. The Wolpe Drug Co. recently opened its store for business at the southwest corner of Central avenue and Adams street, Phoenix, Ariz. Both wholesale and retail departments will be conducted. The Owl Drug Co.'s business in New Decatur, Ala., has been sold to Dillehay Bros., B. E. Praitt and E. P. Gilbert, who will conduct it in the future. The Owl Drag Co. owns a drag store at Decatur, which will be continued under the old style. Clarence G. Anderson has moved his drug .store back to his former location on Sixth street. East Liverpool, O., and now has one of the most complete and prettiest pharmacies in his section of the State. L. H. Coley's drug store in the Pittsfield (111.) house block has been opened with E. H. West in charge. The store is handsomely equipped and decorated, and carries a splend'J stock of goods. The Chester E. Saw\t;r Co., draggists, Huntington avenue and West Newton street, Boston, suffered a loss of $300 from fires which broke out on the afternoon of Feb. 4, and again early in the morning following, but were quickly subdued. Pegram Patton Drug Co., Birmingham, Ala., stockholders recently elected the following officers: President, W. E. Pegram; 136 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [March. 1915 vice president, A. E. Patton, and secretary and treasurer, E. R. Smith. The Nyal Company of Michigan has been granted a license to operate in Missouri. The capital stock of the company is $2,500,000, of which, $34,345 is to be employed in Missouri, with office and headquarters in Kansas City. Frank Leimeier, of Chicago, has purchased 'the $10,000 drug store stock of the late C. W. Watson, of Belvidere, 111. Mr. Leimeier, who is a druggist, will move his family to Belvi- dere in the near future. Walter Burke, James Moran and James H. Carr, druggists of Clinton, Mass., are all in the race for the office of town clerk. Mr. Carr has been town clerk for 13 years and is seek- ing re-election. The Sledge Drug Co., of Tunica, Miss., organized in that city two years ago, has filed a petition in bankruptcy, sche- duling assets of $5,000, and $2,500 liabilities. The Howe (Nebr.) Drug Store recently closed up for want of business. The town will be without a pharmacy unless some of the farmers finance the enterprise. The Reycroft Drug Co., of Cambridge, Mass., and its employes have been fined a total of $900 for alleged violations of the liquor laws. The Columbus Pharmacy, Main avenue and Washington street, Spokane, Wash., was visited by thieves recently who stole a sign from its fastenings. The Crescent Pharmacy, J. B. Forbes and J. A. Jones, proprietors, has been moved into one of the stores in the Becker building, Columbus, Ga. W. G. McAllister has sold his drug store at Belmont, O., and will move shortly to his farm east of that town. S. L. Murphy was the purchaser. A. E. McViCAR, who has conducted a store for several years at 500 East Douglas avenue, Wichita, Kan., has leased a st re in the Mead building, in the first block on North Market street. The Lehman Medicine Co., of Nappanee, Ind., has been sold to Wilson Roose and E. C. Zeisel, of Elkhart. Michael Hennes, for three years with the Gillespie Drug Co., St. Joseph, Mich., has purchased the Parish drug store, Kalamazoo. The Caton Pharmacy, Catonsville, a suburb of Baltimore, Md., was damaged by fire attributed to mice gnawing matches on the night of February 10. G. E. Blayney & Son recently opened a drug .store in Fair- field, 111., they having come from Elkhart, Ind., for that pur- pose. Carl Schw.\rtz has become a part owner of the Peoples' drug store, Cadillac, Mich., having purchased the interest of E. H. Liephart. • E. W. O'Hanlon, druggist of Winston-Salcm, N. C, will erect a six-story steel store and office building, 99 by 35, fire- proof, and to cost $70,000. The Corner Drug Store, Hattiesburg, Miss., has had an involuntary petition in bankruptcy filed against it, one of the creditors demanding $4,500, money loaned. John Wyeth & Brc, Inc., manufacturing chemists, Bos- ton, were recently robbed of morphine, cocaine and heroin, valued at $300. Joseph F. Mulcahy, a Leominster, Mass., druggist, was re- cently found not guilty by a jury of the charge of keeping liquor in his store and that the same was sold there. Brewer & Co., Worcester, Mass., held its fourth annual gleefest recently, employes from all departments and the heads of the firm participating in the glee. Charles G. Jackson, druggist at Grinnell, la., has sche- duled liabilities in the sum of $5,944 and assets aggregating $4,057. J. M. WwN hn.s pnrrli:ised the drug business of the Live Oak Drug Co , Li\ . < ) d: 1 l.i., from D. D. Musgrove, to whom he sold it a sh.ii i i mi i - The Hospn \i Si i i i > i n Ims rented a .store in the building of E. D. T.iit,, M,, v,„,ih -i ,^..u. tlx- Latta Arcade, Char- lotte, N. « •. .111.1 « ill ..p..,, I diuu store. _The C'l.AKki. C.w Co, I'liilailcliillia, manufacturers of drug- gists' tin ware, has purchased the plant and equipment of the Taite & Sisler Co., and will manufacture similar goods. Books Reviewed INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY. A Manual for the student and manufacturer. Kdiini by .Mien Roycrs. in charge of industrial chemistry, Pratt liiititute, Brooklyn, X. V., in collaboration, etc. 305 illustrations. Second edition, thoroughly revised and enlarged. Large 8 vo., 1,005 pages, cloth, $5. New York, D. Van Nostrand Co. That the laudable purpose of the originators to make this volume embody "the ideas of a large number of men who are recognized authorities in their respective lines'' and representing "modern American methods and processes'' has been accom- plished, will become apparent to any observer who will examine this book. That the information presented is trustworthy and scientific will be conceded at once, for not only the editor but each of the collaborators is an expert in his chosen field of work. In scope the book takes in a wide field of technical effort, and there is hardly a manufacturing industry that is not touched upon at some point by the various authors. As a reference work for the library, therefore, this book can present many claims for a prominent place. The present edition contains forty-nine chapters, ten of them being new and which have increased the size of the book over that of the first edition by nearly 200 pages, the whole bearing evidence of thorough revision and having been well brought down to date. The various subjects are presented by the fol- lowing authorities: General processes, Allen Rogers and A. B. Aubert; water for industrial purposes, R. B. Dole; fuels, J. C. W. Frazer; sulphuric and nitric acids, W. iM. Grosvenor; salt and hydrochloric acid, O. L. Shinn; elements and compounds, Allen Rogers; chlorine and allied products, W. F. Doerflinger; electrochemical industries, W. L. Landis; lime, cement and plaster, Richard K. Meade ; clay, bricks and potter>', Allen Rogers; glass, James Gillinder; white lead, G. W. Thompson; zinc oxide, George B. Heckel; pigments and paint oils, Maxi- milian Toch; mixed paints, Henry A. Gardner; the metallurgy of iron and steel, Bradley Stoughton : fertilizers, A. G. Still- well; commercial organic chemicals, Allen Rogers; illuminating gas, W. H. Fulweiler; coal tar and its distillation products, F. E. Dodge; petroleum industry, Thos. T. Gray; destructive distillation of wood. W. B. Harper ; oils, fats, and waxes, Carleton Ellis; linseed oil, G. W. Thompson; hydrogenation of oils, G. W. Ellis; lubricating oils, Augustus H. Gill; soap and soap powders, Lincoln Burrows; glycerin. .\. C. Langmuir; laun- dering, W. F. Faragher; essential oils, synthetic perfumes and flavoring materials, .-Xlois von Isakovics; resins, oleoresins, gum resins and gums, Allen Rogers; shellac. A. C. Langmuir; rub- ber and allied gums. Frederic Dahnerth ; varnish, A. H. Sabin; sugar, Guilford L. Spencer; starch, glucose, dextrin and gluten, G. W. Rolfe; brewing and malting, Robert ^^'ahl: wine making, X. Hjelte Claussen; distilled liquors. Gustave L. Goob; textiles, J. Merritt Matthews; dyestuffs and their application. L. A. Olney; art of paper niakinc C. V. Lull; cellulose industries, Jasper E. Crane; ex]ilMsi\.s, ('.. \\". ^\'illiams; leather, Allen Rogers; vegetable tanniiiL; r ii viils. Jnhn Y. Yocum; glue and gelatine, Jeroiiie x.indrr ; casein, E. L. Tague. One of the most \ ihi liv ■ features of this work is the copiotlS bibliograi'ln I'l -11. ii , h division of the subjects presented The bodk ran If i < uiii.l-ntly recommended to students and inainifarturcrs and particularly to pharmacists, who are fre- quently in need of just such a trustworthy presentation of tech- nical facts. DIGF.ST ni idMMFXTS ON THE PHARMACOPOEIA OF THE UNi ri I) ."^1 \ ri S (Sth decennial revision) and on the Na- tioii.il I .Mimil.iiy (4th revi.^^ion) for the calendar year 1913. 8 vo., 511 pages. lUillctin No. 98, Hygienic Laboratory, Wash- ington. Government Printing Office. This, the ninth bulletin of the series prepared by Messrs. "Moii'-r and ^^'ill)ert, represents a more or less comprehensive I'll , lion Ml ill, nilical. phannaceutical and chemical literature, in ,inv \\,i> n litiiiL; to pharmacopoeial subjects, published dur- ini; the year I'M.v This literature, according to the compilers, "is particularly interesting because the revision work on the Pharmacoiiocia and on the National Formulan.- is reported to be practically completed, and the manuscripts for both books are about ready for the press." In relation to the effort that has been made to incorporate in the volume the results of analy- sis included in the published reports of State food and drug commissioners, it is stated that "these reports clearly show the need of more adequate control of the medicine supply business." March, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 137 The completion of this volume brings the material practically up to date, and we agree with the compilers th t the possibility ■of completing the compilation of the material for future bulle- tins within a very reasonable time after the close of the calendar year, should make these publications of value to a greater num- ber of persons interested directly or indirectly in tlie control of medical supplies. APPUED AND ECONOMIC BOTANY. Especially adapted for the use of students in technical schools, agricultural, pharma- ceutical and medical colleges, and also a book of reference for chemists, food analysts, and students engaged in morphological and physiological study of plants. By Henry Kraemer, Ph. B. (in chemistry). Ph. M. (in pharmacy). Ph. D. (in botany). Professor of botany and pharmacognosy, and director of the microscopical laboratory in the Philadelphia College of Phar- macy; member of the Revision Committee of the Pharmacopoeia of the U. S., etc. 8 vo., 806 pages, cloth, $5. Published by the author, 145 No. Tenth st., Philadelphia. The author of this work is wellknown to pharmacists through- out the countr>' as a thorough and competent botanist, and none is more cognizant of the various problems in the technical field that need the assistance of the trained botanist in finding their solution. Thus, for die student, to quote the author, "a rather extended knowledge of botany and a very thorough pre- paration in certain phases of botanical work are absolutely re- quired in order to prepare him to meet and solve the problems that arise in the commercial world. Many of the commercial problems tliat are held to be chemical and which are handed to the chemist for solution are, as a matter of fact, of a botanical character and can be solved with less expense and less time by the trained botanist. What is really needed is the trained ana- lyst, who, while proficient with chemical methods is thoroughly versed in microscopic technique. . . . Nearly all of the prob- lems upon which one is liable to be consulted in active practice, whether they involve new processes of manufacture or the ex- amination of finished market material, show at the outset that the analyst must have a ver>' thorough knowledge of the cell constituents and the tissues composing the raw material." Here, then, is the reason for this book, and in following the author through the various chapters, we must confess that he has closely adhered to that object throughout. More than one-half of the material presented in the book is devoted to the study of cell contents, forms of cells, and the outer and inner morphology of higher plants. The facts and illustrations presented cover not only the latest researches on their morphologj-, origin, and distribution, but also the most recent advances in regard to their chemical nature. In the practical examination of the crude materials of the market one finds more or less contamination with fungi, lichens, and other lower plants, and these, with the morphology of the higher plants are succinctly treated in Chapter I. The chapter on classification of higher plants is quite extended and illustrated with a large number of photographs, showing not only many interesting wild plants, but the principal economic plants that are used as foods, drugs, and for other economic purposes. There is a chapter on nomenclature showing the derivation of botanical names and their correct spelling, and chapters on the cultivation of medicinal plants and microscopical technique. Taken all in all, some of the author's best work is reflected in this book, and in his grasp and presentation of the fundamental facts of his subject he has displayed not a little ability in pro- ducing a work that, though technical, is highly interesting. The index contains some 6,000 titles, while the volume is fully illustrated, the 424 plates comprising about 2,000 figures. EXPORTERS' ENCYCLOPAEDIA, llth (1915) edition. Contain- ing full and authentic information relative to shipments for every country in the world. 1,152 pages, cloth, S7.50 (includ- ing monthly corrections and the Exporters' Review for the cal- endar year). New York. Exporters' Encyclopaedia Co. This book is one which will appeal to every manufacturer who has or is aiming to have an export business. That it has fulfilled its mission in previous years is shown by the fact that it is practically indorsed by all of the steamship lines, export houses, forwarders and leading manufacturers throughout the country. Among other things it tells the exporter how to make shipments to every foreign countr>' in full security against de- lays, fines, annoyance to customers; of practical routes to every place; full information concerning bills of lading and nearest ports, consular regulations, payment of freights, and of every practical route from the United States to every foreign coun- try. New features embody matter relating to war risk insur- ance, contraband of war, shipping belligerents, etc. In short, the book is so full of export information that no persuasive effort on the part of tlie publishers, or of any one else, is needed to exploit its value. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SURGEON GENERAL OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES. Published by the U. S. Treasury Department, Washington, D. C. 1914. This volume of 357 octavo pages gives a detailed report of the United Public Health Service for the fiscal year 1914 ac- cording to the following divisions: Administrative organization; scientific research, maritime quarantine, sanitary reports and statistics, marine hospital and relief, personnel, and publica- tions. It is noted that at the beginning of the fiscal year there were on duty 46 pharmacists, divided as follows: first class, 16; second class, 24; third class, 6. One pharmacist of the second class and two pharmacists of the third class resigned; one pharmacist of the third class was appointed, 2 pharmacists of the second class were reinstated, and 8 pharmacists of the second class were promoted, leaving at the close of the fiscal year 46 pharmacists on duty, as follows, first class, 24, second class, 17, third class, 5, PROCEEDINGS OF THE llth ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS OF BOARDS OF PHAR- MACY, held in Detroit, August 24-29, 1914. The volumes issued by this association are always interest- ing to the individual who is endeavoring to keep track of the efforts that are being made by State officials in the matter of enforcing pharmacy laws and the examination and registration of pharmacists. But to the board member, the book contains much of a suggestive and informative character, as for example, the discussion of methods of bookkeeping for board secretaries, pages 9 and 10; the president's address, pages 13 to 15; and the several reports of the committees on syllabus, legislation, advisory examination, etc. As is wellknown, one of the objects of the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy is to pro- vide general interstate reciprocity of certificates for qualified registered pharmacists, based upon a uniform minimum stand- ard of pharmaceutical education. Boards of thirty-four states are now active members and grant reciprocal registration through the association. DENTIST'S DIARY, 1915, Lehn & Fink, New York. This year's issue of this valuable annual should appeal to and be appreciated by the average dentist for, as the publishers state on the title page, it is "the book that breathes the new spirit in dentistry." Of course, the tooth paste specialty con- trolled by this firm receives frequent mention, yet from the amount of useful information given, the book is far from being solely an advertising medium. In addition to many memoranda pages and monthly calendar pages with a complete system of records, the book contains such information as that carried in lists of abbreviated terms in common use in prescriptions, com- mon and scientific names of many substances, boiling points, tables for percentage solutions, weights and measures equiva- lents, poisons and their antidotes, and hundreds of useful hints and suggestions pertaining to the teeth and their treatment. All of these, so far as we have discovered, may be taken at their full value and in the belief that the material was collated and pre-digested by one who thoroughly understands his sub- ject. THE CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST DIARY, 1915. This volume marks the forty-seventh year of this publication, which is issued by the publishers of the well-known exponent of English pharmacy. The Chemist and Druggist. Like its predecessors, the volume contains a plethora of advertising that would satisfy the aspirations of almost any American publisher. These advertisements cover a wide field of products handled by the English pharmacist, all of which are carefully indexed, the total number running into the thousands. The professional in- formation presented also covers a wide sweep, much of it be- ing, as might be expected in the use of a book for British chemists, of a directory character, containing telegraphic ad- dresses, lists of organizations in the United Kingdom, jMctro- politan Medical institutions, physicians and surgeons, postal information and the like. Of general interest are the articles on business and practice and the monographs on the new Brit- ish Pharmacopoeia. The Diary is sent postpaid to all sub- scribers of the Chemist and Druggist. 138 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [Makch, 1915 Frederick Stearns & Co., Detroit, Celebrate Sixtieth Anniversary Founder a Contributor to Science and Patron of Art, and Pioneer in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing — History of the Business and Company's Personnel. THE house of Frederick Steams & Co., of Detroit, was founded sixty years ago, and the February issue of the New Idea commemorates the anniversary by the publication in its columns of an interesting sketch of the growth of the company, which is practically contempora- neous with the rise of the pharmaceutical industry in this country. The found- er was a pioneer, for he entered pharmacy when it was marking time and started the forward march which routed the preju- dices and so-called ethics of that day, thereby mak- ing possible the modern progressive and prosper- ous drug store. Sixty years ago a young man came from the East to what was then the West. His name was Frederick Steams, and he arrived in Detroit on New Year's day, 1855. He had been in the employ of one of the largest drug stores in Buffalo, where he gained a practical know- ledge of retail pharmacy, and had also attended courses in chemistry and pharmacy in the University of Buffalo. Mr. Steams once said that his only assets at that time were "little money, fair credit and high hope". His first laboratory was in the rear of his store, where he m.anufactured pharmaceuticals, which he sold to retail druggists by making occasional trips through the State. Business increased and he soon needed more room for manu- facturing, and in 1871, after having suffered two losses of $80,000 by fire, he decided to separate his wholesale and re- tail business from his manufacturing. He then removed his laboratory to a building in Woodbridge St., and in 1876 he introduced the "The New Idea" into pharmacy as a weapon to fight quackery. He first offered a few of the more popular home remedies, printing the formula upon the package, together with the directions for use. These preparations were known as Stearns' Non-Secrets" and they were offered to the re- tail druggist at a price which allowed a good margin of profit. In 1899 he commenced the publication of the New Idea, a journal devoted to commercial pharmacy and given the title be- cause "it was to spread the news of the "New Idea" through- out the United States." In 1881, in order to devote all of his Fred'k K. Stearns time to manufacturing, he disposed of his wholesale and retail business, and soon moved t.o new quarters on Twenty-first and Porter streets. In 1882 the business was incorporated with $200,000 capital stock, with Frederick Steams as president. In 1884, a branch was established in Windsor, Ont., to serve the needs of Canadian customers. In 1900, the present labo- ratory of the company on Jefferson ave. was occupied, and here the business developed so rapidly that it became necessary to increase the capital stock to $2,000,000, which is ten time what it was in 1882. Such, in rapid review, are some salient points or milestones that mark the record of the ness life of Frederick Stearns & Co., and the story of its- achievements substantiates the wellknown theorem that great structures can only be erected on the foundation of the "square deal". 1 times, I of the} e busi- I Wayland D. Stearns David M. Gr-w Fri.d'k b. Sti.arns In the personnel of the "men behind the guns", Frederick Stearns & Co. have been highly favored, the founder, who died in 1907, being widely known for his contributions to science and as a patron of art. The present officers of the company, whose portraits are shown on this page, are : Frederick K. Stearns, president; Wayland D. Steams. 1st vice-president and general manager; Willard Ohiigher, 2nd vice-president; David M. Gray, secretary and commercial manager, and Frederick S. Stearns, treasurer. RECENT FIRES At Portland, Ore., Laurelwood pharmacy, damage aboutj $1,000. At Morgan City, La., Belanger Drug Co., $14,000 loss; in- surance, $10,000. .^t Forest City, la., Thurston drug store, loss. $30,000. At Augusta, Ga., Frost's pharmacy, damage, $1,000. .•\t Heber Springs, Ark., Dashiel's drug store. At Alma. Mich., Charles Rhodes, dmggist, $5,000. .\t Fairview, Mo., Miller Drug Co. destroyed; loss, $2,500; iiiMUMnrr ,.n sl.n k, $1,750. At Drir .ii Mi>l;, Louis K. Liggett Co., water loss, $20,000. .\t Si I I'.m/c X. Y. J. A. Vanderbelt, $3,000. .\t CluiKlan, Li., Garrett & West's drug store, windows- htDkiii and building scorched from fire nearby, but stock, etc., r-i iiml witli little damage; $50,000 worth of property was de- -II -A. a mar store. \i r. iltiniore, Md., fire discovered in two stores of .Associated Dru.H .Sicins on same day; damage, insignificant. At Boston, Mass.. Mitchell & Gaynor's drug store. Columbus avenue and West Newton street, $1,000 damage. At Mart, Texas. Hillman drug store, loss. $15,000. At Paragould, Ark , G. T. Hopkins' drug store a complete loss, $12,000, with $,S.000 insurance. At New York City, R. P. Lesley, druggist; damage, $2,000; insured. March, 1915j THE PHARMACEUTIC^yj ERA 139 BOTTLE ATTACHMENT JOSEPH B, CLAYTON, Baltimore, Md., has invented an attachment of the character specified (Patent No. 1,128,849), which comprises a resilient wire or rod bent to form a series of spiral coils spaced apart from each other and gradually decreasing in cross section toward their inner end, and a second series of coils at tlie other end of less diameter than die coils of the first named series and of ap- proximately equal diameter, the last- named coils being adapted to engage the neck of a bottle and the first named coils forming an open frame- work inclosing the stopper and extend- ing beyond the same, said coils being adapted to lie one within the other when they are pressed together to per- mit access of the stopper. A reference to the accompanying drawing will show the practical applicability of this device. Engaging the neck of the bot- tle the coils are supported in position around the stopper, and by being made to gradually decrease in diameter toward the bottle engaging means, the coils can be made to lie one within the other when compressed. Dispensing Bottle This device, the invention of Josiah K. Lilly, assignor to the Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, Ind. (Patent No. 1,126,040) , is a drop dispensing liquid container having an open end and a single opening in the side below the open end, and a flexible closure member which is provided with a head which seats 1.128,849. 1,126,040. against the outer end of the bottle and solid flexible plunger body portion of a length sufficient to extend beyond the open- ing so as to close the same when the head of the closure is pressed against its seat. The liquid withiii the container is forced out a drop at a time when pressure is applied to the plunger body, substantially as described. Mixing Machine This device, adapted for many mixing operations, is the invention of Joseph F. Prokop, Hay Springs, Neb. (Patent No. l,126.85fV and comprises a support, a frame projectinj- 1,126,859. laterally from the ^upport, an upright carried by the outer ■extremity of the lateral frame and extending above and be- low the "support, a rotatable mixing element including a flexible shaft operatively engaged with the support, said shaft being adapted for detachable engagement with the bear ings of the upright of the frames, and means for imparting axial rotation to the flexible shaft. PATENTS Granted January 26, 1915. 1,126,040— Josiah K. Lilly, assignor to The Eli Lilly & Co., Indi- anapolis, Ind. Dispensing bottle. 1,126,065— Cebert H. Newhall, Philadelphia, Pa. Bottle clcsure. 1,126,172 — Rudolph Weisbach, San Francisco, Cal. Non-rcfillable bottle. 1,126,239 — John D. Mclntyre, Everett, 'Mass. Device for soaking corks. 1,126,287— Edmund H. Ruehl, New Hamburg, Ontario, Canada. Sealing cap for bottles. 1,126,330— George A. Williams, assignor to The Williams Sealing Corp., Waterbury, Conn. Bottle capping device. 1,126,429 — Richard Eilersen, Copeijhagen, Denmark. Process for making casein from buttermilk. 1,126,432— Max Engelmann and Benedikt Merkel, Elberfeld, Ger- many, assignors to Synthetic Patents Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. Pharmaceutical product. 1,126,467— Harold Hibbert, assignor to E. I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Company, Wilmington, Del. Method of condensing polyhydric alcohols. 1,126,549 — George Kohler, Otto Chrzescinski and Hugo Kohler, as- signors to Farbenfabriken voim. Friedr. Bayer & Co., Elber- feld, Germany. Beta-acetylalkyl-dialkylamins. 1,126,601 — Robert B. Whitmarsh, Los Angeles, Cal. Water bag. 1,126,627 — Wilhelm Gaus, assignor to Badische Anilin & Soda Fabrik, Ludwigshafen-on-the-Rhine, Germany. Process for electrolyzing alkalichlorid solution. Granted February 2, 1915. 1,126.822— Michael J. Milmoe, assignor to W. C. Ritchie & Co., Chicago, 111. Labeling machine. 1,126,824 — Michael J. Milmoe, assignor to W. C. Ritchie & Co., Chicago, 111. Labeling machine. 1,126,859 — Joseph F. Prokop, Hay Springs, Nebr. Mixing machine 1,126,926— Ferdinand G. Weichmann, New York, N. Y., assignor to Fenoform Corporation, Hastings-upon-Hudson, N. Y. Produc- tion of anhydrous reaction products of phenol and formaldehyde. 1,127,009— William J. Judd, Hillsdale, N. J. Mixer. 1,127,144— Samuel S. Williamson, Philadelphia, Pa. Non-refillable bottle. 1,127,221 — Marcus Finkelstein, New York, N. Y. Ice bag cap. 1,127,298— Wilhelm Siegfried, Erfurt, Germany. Label fastener. 1,127,348 — Joseph Bardsley, Yeadon, Pa., assignor to Dairymens Supply Co., Lansdowne, Pa Bottle capping machine. 1,127,357 — Cecil V. Gavaza, Boston, Mass., assignor, by mesne as- signments, to Gavaza Bottle Cap Co., Jamaica Plain, Mass. Bottle cap. Granted February 9, 1915. 1,127,384 — Frederick R. Adams, assignor to W. A. Plummer Mfg. Co., San Francisco, Cal. Water bag. 1,127,391 — Thomas T. Bathurst, Kansas City. Kans. Storing and dispensing apparatus. 1,127,452 — Eberhard Koch, Grosse Tete, La. Turpentine and resin extractor. 1.127.496 — John North, Toledo, Ohio. Hair coloring device. 1.127.497— Conrad V. O'Malley, Rome, N. Y. Non-refillable bottle. 1,127,603 — Paul Ehrlich and Paul Karrer, assignors to Farbwerke vorm. Meister Lucius & Bruning, Hochst-on-the-Main, Germany. Alkali salts of the 3.3'-Diamino-4.4'-Dioxayarsenobenzcne com- bined with silver and process of making same. 1,127,687 — Henry A. Slattengren, Lindstrom, Minn. Bottle. 1,127,694— Manford E. Sterrett, Burrows, Ind. Bottle. 1,127,812— Sigmund Schiff, New York, N. Y. Capillary bottle stop- per. 1,127,840— Thomas L. L. Wilson and Maximilian M. Haff, Ottawa, Canada, assignors, by direct and mesne assignments to Southern Investment Co. of Canada, Ltd., Montreal, Canada. Ammoniated acid phosphate and process of making same. 1,127,871 — Jacques Duclaux, Paris, France. Recovery of formic esters used as solvents of cellulose compounds. 1,127,912— -Mfrcd Motroni, New York, N. Y. Bottle stopper. 1,127,993— William A. Il.ivwi.ith, Univotsal, Ind. Bottle. 1,128,045— Gustaf L. R. r„,ti, , „,,. fonprrs, N. Y., assignor to Clarkson A. Collin^. X' i\ ^'mk. X. Tooth cleaning device. 1,128,139— John P. Hoffm.ni. All, any. X. V. Tooth brush. 1,128,203— Clyde F. W. i' h. 1. ."-i ranton. Pa., assignor to Technical Supply Co., a Corpor.ition of New Jersey. Bottle top. Granted February 16, 1915. 1,128,369 — Albrecht Srhmidt, Gustav Kronlcin, and Ernst Runne, assignors to F.irbwerke vorm. Meister Lucius & Bruning, Hochst-on-the-Main, Germany. Carbazol-sulfonic acids and process of making same. 1,128,452— Samuel R. Joffe, Nathan Joffe, and Louis F. . Mahle, Rochester, N. Y. ; said Samuel R. Joffe assignor to said Nathan Joffe. Non-refillable bottle. 1,128,509— Patrick H. Quinn, Somerville, Mass, 1,128,637— James A. Trimble, Brooklyn, N. Y. solution. 1,128,780— Christian Il.Tnsen .Tnd Anton Weindel many, .T;~i(;nr,rs to Synthetic Patents Co., N. Y. Pr(Ki'^^ for producing acetic acid from acetylene, 1,128.804 — .Mwin Mittasch and Christian Schneider, assignors to Badische Anilin & Soda Fabrik, Ludwigshafen-on-the-Rhine, Germany. Process of producing hydrogen. Bottle cap. Hydrogen-peroxid Lcverkusen, Ger- Inc, New York, 140 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [Maech, 191& 1,128,843 — Carl Bosch and Alwin Mittasch, assignors to Badische Anilin & Soda Fabrik, Ludwigshafen-on-the-Rhine, Germany. Production of Ammonia. 1,128,849— Joseph B. Clayton, Baltimore, Md. Bottle attachment. 1,128,951— Charles J. De Coster, West AUis, Wis. Non-refiUable bottle. 1,128,966— Franz Fischer, assignor to Henkel & Cie., Dusseldorf, Germany. Process of making peroxid of hydrogen. TRADE-MARKS Published January 26, 1915. 70,708— Barclay & Barclay, New York, N. Y. Preparations for dressing, improving and dyeing hair, etc. 72,401— McCormick & Co., Baltimore, Md. Witch-hazel, blood purifier, cold-cream, etc. 76,954 — Aktiebolaget Grumme & Son, Stockholm, Sweden. Mouth- wash, tooth-paste, etc. 79,634 — Jesse D, Kinney, Fort Meade, Fla. Dropsy remedies. 79,781 — ^Jeff. Davis Norman, Loraine, Texas. Medical compounds for treatment of cancer, dropsy, etc. 79,827 — Winner Stock Remedies Co., Kenton, Ohio. Liquid blister, antiseptic powders, etc. 80,456 — Herman A. Bruckner, Jersey City, N. J. Remedy for ner- vous disorders. 81,125^— Border Chemical Co., Revere, Mass. Remedy for diph- theria, sore throat, pneumonia, and la grippe. 81,695, 81,696 — Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit, Mich. Fluid extracts, tinctures, etc. 81,895— Frederick C. Dilberger, Los Angeles, Cal. Remedy for diseases of females. 82,044 — F. C. Galehouse, Taft, Cal. Tonic laxative. 82,067 — Papier Poudre Limited, London, England. Skin preparation. 82,359 — Augustus C. Trump, Columbus, Ohio. An external remedy for headache, colds, catarrh, etc. 82,638— Antonino Battaglia, Glendale, N. Y. Dandruff remedy. 82,752— Riker & Hegeman Co., New York, N. Y. Lip salves and rouges. 82,794 — Lena Rivears, Portland, Ore. Cold cream and skin cleanser. 83,174 — John N. Kohlerman, Baltimore, Md. Restoring color of human hair. 83,244— Christina Fink, West New York, N. J. Salve for external sores and burns. 83,278 — Lavoris Chemical Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Dentifrice and tooth-cleaning compound. 83,310— H. L. Tilly, Memphis, Tenn. Hair tonic. 83,344— Charles A. Farlow, Pueblo, Colo. Pyorrhea. Published February 2, 1915. 50,914 — The Marcy Co., Boston, Mass. Liver remedy. 53,255 — Isaac Schlossberg. Brooklyn, N. Y., assignor to W. T. Hanson Co., Schenectady, N. Y. Pills and tablets for constipa- tion and sick headache. 73,558 — Amelia H. Reed, Chicago, 111. Blood purifiers and remedies for rheumatism. 78,750— John H. O'Grady, Chicago, 111. Medicinal compound for diseases of the stomach and intestines. 79,596— P. Beicrsdorf & Co., Hamburg, Germany. Surgical and medical plasters. 79,718 — E. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany. Hydrogen peroxid in »oU(J form and rendered stable. 80,907 — John H. Morgan, Fresno, Cal. Cough syrups. 80,980 — Stephen Fargo, Cleveland, Ohio. Remedy for anemia, pal* and sallow complexions, nervousness, etc. 81,619 — Russell Law, assignor to Vecto Chemical Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. Medicated salve for nasal affections. 81,655 — West Disinfecting Co., New York, N. Y. Disinfectants insecticides. 82,962— William J. Steele, Baldwin, N. Y. Remedy for diseases of the throat. Published February 9, 1915. 78,177— Harry B. Shuman, Boston, Mass. Mouth wash and tootb powder. 78,326 — Samuel M. Heldfond, Portland, Ore. Liniments, com re- mover, uric-acid solvent, etc. 80,978 — Stephen Fargo, Cleveland, Ohio. Salts for constipation, kidney, liver, and stomach disorders. 81,219— Stephen Fargo, Cleveland, Ohio. Toilet cream. 82.377 — Estate of Howard A. Kingdon, deceased, Buffalo, N. Y., by Clara A. Kingdon, administratix, Buffalo, N. Y. Medicinal compounds for diseases of women. 82,744 — Nyal Co., Detroit, Mich. Surgical gauze, absorbent cotton, etc. 83,048 — Pierre Olivier, Lake Charles, La. Preparation for treatment of lungs, consumption, etc. 83,242— Marie Earle, New York, N. Y. Toilet cream, toilet water, hair lotion, etc. 83.378— William T, James, Chicago, 111. Preparation for the throat, and nasal passages. 83,386 — Horace Wintersmith, Elizabethtown, Ky. Remedy for syphilis, gonorrhea, gleet, and similar disease's. 83,463 — Meyers and Theiner, Detroit, Mich. Hair tonics. 83,468— Frank Walukiewitz, La Salle, 111. Medicated plasters. 83,473 — J. Bailey Johnson, Pittsburgh, Pa. Greaseless massage face cream. 83,531— The Aunt Emma's Co., Waukegan, 111. Treatment for goiter. 83,590 — MacAndrews and Forbes Co., Camden, N. J. Fire extin- guishing composition. 83.611, 83,614— Smith, Kline & French Co., Philadelphia. Pa. Uni- ment. 83.612, «,613— Smith, Kline & French Co., Philadelphia. Pa. Ver- mifuge. 83,615— Smith, Kline & French Co., Philadelphia, Pa. An cide. 83,624 — Julius Schmid, Inc., Astoria, N. Y. Soluble organic sulfo preparations. Mary Hickcy. Oelwein. Iowa. Hair tonic, s' f 1 -R.ilK-rt M. Smith, Hatticsbure, Miss. Catarrh remedy. S5,:i 3 -Hiaiiu^nd Remedy Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. Throat pastils. S,^.~s^ -St(oiiol Laboratories, New York, N. Y. Liquid antiseptic S3, SI 3 — Stephen Farso, Cleveland. Ohio. Hair invigorator. 83,869— The Arlington Chemical Co., Yonkers, N. Y. Medicinal foods. 83,873— Benjamin H. Harris, New York. N. Y. Hair restorer »n tonic. 83.877— Knoll & Co., Ludwigshafen-on-the-Rhine, Germany. Laxa- March, 1915] THE PHAKMACEUTICAL ERA 141 THE DRUG MARKETS RAPID ADVANCE OF COD LIVER OIL Carbolic Acid Marching On and Upward in Price with Salicylates, Benzoates and Syn- thetics Trailing After See Pages 43 to 51 for Prices Current. Changes Since Last Report. A— Acacia. Sorts lb. .26 — .28 A— Acetphenetidin, U. S. P lb. 1.90 — 2.10 A— Acif' Benzoic, German lb. 1.20 — 1.30 D— Acid, Butyric, 100% lb. 1.40 — 1.50 A— Acid, Carbolic, Crystal, bulk lb. 1.20 — 1.30 10 and 15 lb cans lb. 1.25 — 1.35 1-lb. bottles lb. 1.30 — 1.40 Crude, 10 to 90% gal. .40 — .90 C — Acid, Chu-omic cz. .08 — .10 D — Acid, Citric, Crystal, less than kegs . . lb. .61 — .66 D— Acid, Formic, Cone, 1-lb. bottles lb. .85 — 1.00 D— Acid, GallicJ^i, V', and 1-lb. cartons ..lb. .85 — .93 D — Acid, Hydrobromic, concentrated, vial .oz. .10 — .12 Dilute, U. S. P., V. inc oz. .05 — .09 A— Acid, Molybdic, C. P lb. 6.50 — 7.00 D— Acid Oleic, Purified lb. — .25 A— Acid, Phosphoric, Svrupy, 85% lb. .40 — .45 Glacial, Sticks lb. .60 — .75 A— .Acid, Picric lb. 1.45 — 1.75 A— .\cid, Pyrogallic, i/. and 1-lb. cans .lb. 1.60 — 1.90 D— .-\cid, Pryroligneous, Purified lb. .18 — .22 A— -Vcid, Salicylic, 1-lb. cartons lb. 1.40 — 1.45 Bulk lb. 1.35 — 1.40 D— Acid, Tannic, Pharm. 1-lb. cartons lb. .75 — .90 Medicinal lb. 1.00 — 1.1" A— Alcohol, Cologne Sp. 95%, U. S. P. bbl. gal. — 2.60 Less gal. 2.80 — 2.94 Commercial, 95%. U. S. P. Bbl. .gal. — 2.58 Less gal. 2.78 — 2.90 Denatured, bbl. and HbbI gal. .40 — .50 Less gal. .50 — .60 Methylic (Wood), bbl gal. .50 — .60 Less gal. .60 — .70 A— Alkanet Root lb. 29> — .32 A— Althea Root, Cut lb. .65 — .70 A— Aluminum Acetate lb. .80 — .85 A— Aluminum Sulphate, Cryst., C. P lb. .45 — .50 D — Ammonium Acetate. Crystal oz. .10 — AS D — Ammonium Muriate lb. .12 — .14 D — Ammonium Phosphate, 1-lb. bottles ...lb. .45 — .5C A — Ammonium Salicylate lb. .85 — .95 D— Anise Seed. Star lb. .28 — .31 D— .\safetida, Good, Fair lb. .50 — .65 Powdered lb. .60 — .70 A— Atropme Sulphate, Y^-oz. vials oz. 20.00 — 25.25 D— Balsam Fir, Canada lb. 1.20 — 1.30 Oregon lb. .18 — .22 A— Balsam, Tolu lb. .65 — .70 D— Beans, Tonka, Angostura lb. 1.75 — 1.85 Vanilla, Mexican, long lb. 5.00 — 5.75 Short lb. 4.00 — 4.75 D— Beans. Vanilla, Bourbon lb. 3.75 — 4.25 D— Belladonna Leaves, German lb. 1.40 — 1.50 A— Belladonna Root German lb. 1.20 — 1.35 D— Berberine Sulphate, 1 oz.-vials oz. 1.75 — 1.90 D— Cacao Butter, Bulk lb. .36 — .42 D— Caffeine. Pure, (oz. 35-40c) lb. 4.50 — 4.75 Bcnzoate oz. .50 — .60 Citrated lb. 4.00 — 4.25 Hydrochloride (true salt) oz. .50 — .60 Sulphate, oz.-vials oz. .65 — .70 Valerate oz. .60 — .70 D — Calcium Lactophosphate, Solution lb. 120 — 1.30 Sulphate, Precipitated, Pure lb. .35 — .40 Sulphite lb. .14 — .16 D— Camphor, Powdered lb. .55 — .65 .A— Cantharides, Russian, Sifted lb. 6.50 .A — Capsicum lb. .28 Powdered lb. .33 D — Cerium Oxalate lb. .33 D — Chamomile Flowers, Roman or Belgian lb. .50 D — Cinchonidine, Alkaloid, Pure oz. .45 A — Codeine oz. 7.25 Phosphate oz. 6.75 Sulphate oz. 7.00 D— Colchicum Seed lb. .75 Powdered lb. .85 D — Copaiba, Para lb. .40 A — Cotoin, true, % oz.-vials ea. D— Cream Tartar, Powdered lb. .35 D — Creosote Carbonate oz. .25 D — Cumin Seed lb. .25 D — Dextrine, Yellow lb. .08 White lb. .09 D — Digitalin, Yf. oz.-vials oz. 15 grain vials ea. .50 A — Digitalis, Leaves, German lb. .28 Powdered lb. 33 A — Dog Grass, Cut lb. .27 A — Dragon's Blood, Pow'd lb. .45 D — Elaterium oz. .70 D — Ergot, Russian lb. 1 10 A— Ether, Chloric, U. S. P lb. .45 A — Ether, Valeric oz. .80 A — Flaxseed, Ground lb. .06 A — Golden Seal Root lb. 5.25 Powdered lb. 5.45 D — Guaiacol, Liquid lb. 2.65 A — Guarana Powdered lb. 1.55 D— Hemol oz. .80 A— Henbane Leaves, German lb. .45 Powdered lb. .55 D — Hexamethylenamine lb. .75 D — Homatropine Hydrobromide gr. .22 Hydrochloride gr. .40 Salicylate and Sulphate gr. .40 D — Hyoscyamine, Amorphous, 15-gr. vial .ea. Hydrobromide gr. .12 D — Ichthymol lb. 4.25 D — Iodine Bromide oz. A — Ipecac Root, Rio lb. 3.65 Powdered lb. 3.80 D — Iron Benzoate oz. A— Iron Citrate, U. S. P lb. .80 and Ammonia, Soluble lb. .75 D — Iron Phosphate, Gran. 1-lb. bottles lb. .68 •A — Iron Sulphate, Crystal, Pure lb. .08 A— Kamala lb. 1.25 Powdered lb. 1.35 D — Kola Nuts, Small and Large lb. .17 Powdered lb. .23 A — Ladies' Slipper Root lb. .47 D — Lanolin lb. .50 Anhydrous lb. .75 A — Licorice Root, Russian, Cut lb. .22 D — Lithium Bitartrate oz. Bromide lb. 2.50 Carbonate lb. 1.50 - Citrate lb. 1.85 Salicylate lb. 1.80 A — Lycopodium lb. 1.10 A — Magnesium Hypophosphite, Pure lb. 1.75 Metal, Powdered oz. .35 Ribbon oz. A — Malva Flowers, Large lb. .55 Blue, Small lb. .50 A — Malico Leaves lb. 1.10 A— Menthol, Crystals lb. 3.25 A — Mercury lb. 1.00 Oxide, Red (Red Precipitate) lb. 1.10 Salicylate oz. ,27 7,00 .32 .36 .37 .55 .50 7.50 7.25 7.5u .8,) .90 .45 3.38 .38 .38 .30 .12 .15 10.75 .55 .33 ..3' .30 .65 .75 1.15 .60 .85 .07 5.50 5.60 2.75 1.75 .85 .55 .60 .80 .33 .45 .45 3.75 .15 4.50 .40 3.85 4.00 .18 .90 .83 .73 .12 1.35 1.45 .22 .28 .55 .65 .90 .28 .22 2.60 1.65 1.95 1.90 1.2S 1.85 .40 .25 .70 .6-* 1.25 3.3.^ 1.1 ; 1.42 .30 142 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [March, 1915 lb. 1.65 D Oil Bergamot lb. 3.80 A Oil Birch Black (Betula) lb 2.40 X) Oil Cajuput . . lb 1.00 JD — Oil Camphor lb .22 D Oil Citronella lb. .55 A — Oil Cod Liver, Norwegian ..gal. 1.15 . .ea. 30.00 16.00 A — Cottonseed Yellow and White gal .78 D — Oil Erig"ron lb. 1.35 D Oil Ginger .45 D Oil Haarlem Dutch . gross 2.50 lb. 1.45 A — Oil Lemon lb 1.35 A — Oil Linseed, Boiled .65 Raw gal. .63 D Oil Orange Bitter lb. 2.75 A — Oil Beppermint, New York . . .lb. 1.75 lb. 1.75 D — Oil Rose Kissanlik 12.00 A — Uii baiad, Union uil t-o , . .gal. lb. 5.70 A — Oil Sassafras lb .95 A Oil Thyme Commercial • .... lb 35 Red No 1 : lb. 1.50 White . . .lb 1 75 Oil Wintorgrccn Synth. . . . lb. 1.25 j\ — Oil Womisecd Baltimore lb. 1.55 D — Qil Wormwood, American, good , . . . . .lb. 2.75 lb 8.90 lb. 11.50 U. S. P. Powdered . . .lb. 11.00 X) — Pareira Brava Root lb. .30 J) — Peppermint Herb, German . . .lb. .50 D — Pilocarpine, Alkaloid, Pure .05 Hydrobromide - ' gr .05 fjy(irochloride gr .03 .03 D Pink Root, True lb. .50 ,A — Poppy Seed, Blue (Maw) ...lb. .20 White lb. .23 D — Potassa, Caustic, Com lb. .lb. .15 D — Potassium Bitartrate (Cream Tartar) .lb. .35 D — Potassium Carbonate (Pearlash) . . ...lb. .18 lb. .28 .. ,1b. .29 lb. .33 A — Potassium. Chloride ...lb. .22 ..lb. .80 lb. 3.20 A — Potassium Permanganate ...lb. .28 Pure, Powdered .. lb. .34 D — Potassium Prussiate, Red ...lb. .65 . , lb. .30 .12 lb. , lb. .30 .22 , . , lb. 1.30 D — Quinine Sulphate, 100-oz. tms . . .oz. .27 lb. .20 D — Saffron American (Safflower) ...lb. .45 lb. 12.75 A — Sage Leaves, Italian ...lb. .26 , . , lb. .32 lb. 4.65 lb. 1.25 D — Scopolamine Hydrochloride, 5 gr. vial ea. .75 , . lb. .55 lb. .65 D — Seidlitz Mixture ...lb. .17 A — Senna Leaves, Tinncvclly, Select . . . ...lb. .20 D Silver Chloride Nitrate, Stick (lunar Caustic) . . .oz. '43 1.05 box. 3.50 5.50 ...lb. 1 20 D — Sodium Bichromate ...lb. .18 Bitartrate ...lb. .80 Bromide - ■ ...lb. .63 Chloride, C. P ...lb. .18 1.80 Dried lb. .30 — .35 4.10 Iodide lb. 4.10 — 425 2.55 A— Sodium Salicylate .. lb. 1.25 — 1.35 1.10 D— Sodium Sulphate, Dry lb. .08 — .12 .28 D— Sodium & Potass. Tar. (Rochelle Salt) lb. .20 — .25^ 1.55 A — Strophanthus Seed, Brown lb. .65 — .8£» 1.25 D— Strychnine, Alkaloid, ^-oz. vials oz. 1.05 — 1.15 33.00 Sulphate, J^-oz vials oz. 1.05 — 1.1-' 17.50 A— Sunflower Seeds lb .15 — .18 .83 D— Thymol lb. 725 — 7.50 1.40 Iodide, U. S. P lb. 6.75 — 7.00 .50 D— Tragacanth, Aleppo, Extra lb. 2.00 — 2 25 2.70 No. 1 ..lb 1.85 — 2.0C 2.00 A— Turpentine, Venice lb. .44 — ^0 1.45 A— Wormseed, Levant, Powdered lb. .60 — .70 .70 D— Zinc Acetate, 1-lb. bottles lb. 28 — 22 .68 .A.— Zinc Chloride, Granulated lb. .30 — .40 3.00 D— Zinc Iodide oz. .37 — .40 Note — A, advanced; D, declined; C, correction; N, 7ieiu. 1.85 ' 13.00 .75 TEW YORK, February 23.— Notwithstanding two holi- 6.0c 1 \ days have interfered with the routine of business they 100 seem to have had no apparent effect on prices which ,73 have been fluctuating, and small purchases the rule. At the 190 same time, considerable buying of American supplies by 2.00 English and French agents for export has been reported, and 1.3."; the pressure arising from foreign inquiry is beginning to make 1.70 itself felt, the domestic demand being firmer and indicating 3.25 that small dealers as well as manufacturers are stocking up. 9.10 In some quarters the stocks of crude drugs and chemicals 12.00 are becoming depleted" and the prospects of receiving fresh 11.5;^) supplies, especially of the more important botanicals and cer- .36 tain chemicals, is not reassuring. Among the features of the .55 month in the way of changes are the rapid advances of cod .07 liver oil and carbolic acid, the last named carrying in its trail .07 a number of important s>Tithetics and such products as the 06 benzoates, salicylic acid, etc., due to the embargo placed upon .0.) the parent substance by the warring nations. Picric acid for .55 the same reason, has nearly doubled in price. Alcohol is 22 slightly higher, while advances are noted for Russian canthar- .25 ides, capsicum, digitalis leaves, German, golden seal root, Rio .18 ipecac, lycopodium, magnesium salts, malva flowers, menthol, .38 peppermint oil, English sandalwood oil, and linseed oil. .22 Among the most notable price declines are tannic acid, tonka .32 and vanilla beans, caffeine and its salts, colchicum seed, .34 elaterium, liquid guaiacol, hyoscyamine, kola nuts, lithium salts, .35 various essential oils, opium, quinine rochelle salt, prickly ash .25 berries, salicin, castile soap, sodium iodide, strychnine, thymol. .85 and tragacanth. 3.35 Opium — Is lower, the domestic demand being very light and .33 the buying limited to what is actually needed by dealers. .39 Natural is quoted at $8.90(g$9.10 per pound, granulated at .70 $11.50@$12, and U. S. P. powdered at $ll(g$11.50. The im- .35 ports of opium for the week ending Feb. 13 amounted to 8 .15 cases valued at $6,801. The total imports for the twelve .35 months ending Dec. 31, 1914, were 415,990 pounds, valued at .30 $1,976,497, as against 552,648 pounds, valued at $2,391,417 1.35 for the year 1913. .31 Codeine — Demand for this alkaloid continues light, although .25!-' it is strongly held, jobbers having advanced their quotations .50 to $7.25@$7.50 per ounce for alkaloid, $6.75@$725 for phos- 1325 phate, and $7@$7.50 for sulphate. .30 Quinine — Cable advices indicate considerable firmness .37 abroad, a condition that is not reflected in this market, sul- 4.90 phate being quoted here on the basis of 27c in 100-oz. tins. 1.4U Government statistics show importations for the year 1914 1.00 to have been 2,967,801 ounces of quinine sulphate, valued at .70 $703,173, against 2,970,548 ounces, valued at $562,134 for the ,75 previous year. Importations of cinchona bark for 1914 20 .THKumted to 3,944,509 pounds, valued at $538,195 and for .30 1 '1 5 : SiK, (11 pounds, valued at $306,763. .68 ( \\ ; 11 M iDF.s — Scarcity of all varieties are reported and .47 Russi.ui. silted, have been advanced to $6.50@S7 per pound. IT" ACETPHENETIDTV— Owing to high prices of raw or basic 3.7S materials caused by scarcity, jobbers are now quoting $1.90{g'$2. 10 5.75 per pound for U. S. P. 1.3v .\lcohol — A moderately active market is reported for all .22 grades and quotations have advanced, as follows. Cologne .90 spirit, 95%, U. S. P.. by the barrel, $2.60 per gallon: less. .67 S2.S0@$2.94 per gallon; commercial. 95%. U. S, P.. by the .20 barrel, $2.58 per gallon; less, $2.78@$2.90; denatured by the ■Iarch, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 143 arrel, 40@50c per gallon; less 5O@60c per gallon. Methylic wood) alcohol is quoted at 50@60c per gallon for barrels and lalf barrels, and 60@70c per gallon for less. Cod LrvER On. — The market reflects a sharp upward move- nem both here and abroad owing to reports of reduced sup- )lies and tlie hesitation of fishermen to go to tlie fishing ;rounds on account of possible mines in the North sea. These eporis have also been supplemented by dispatches from the )ther side that Germany has been purchasing large quantities A oil, causing an advance in price in foreign markets. The ashing season is now on, however, and the latest reports in- iicate that the oil yield is exceptionally large, owing to the .•xcellent condition of the livers of the fish caught. The catch io far this season is reported at 5,300,000 fish, producing 5,051 ..irrels of oil, as compared with 5,000,000 fish, yielding 4,224 !s of oil for the corresponding period last year. Nor- n is quoted in this market at $30@$33 per barrel, $16@ ' per half-barrel, or $1.15@$1.25 per gallon. t.vKBOLic Acid — Stocks are becoming depleted and dealers are raising their prices the like of which has never before been kr. .Ml. No extensive quantity sales have been reported, and > ctions are for small amounts only. Crjstal in bulk is ; at $1.20@$1.30 per pound; in 10 or is'lb. cans, $1.2S@ in 1-lb. bottles, $1.30@$1.40. Crude in bulk, 10 to 90 at., is held at 40(a;90c per gallon. icYLic Acid — For similar reasons, this acid has also ad- J. 1-lb. cartons being quoted at $1.35@$1.45 per pound," Rand bulk, $1.35@$1.40. Salicylates are also higher, sodium salt being marked up to $1.25@$1.35 per pound, ammonium jSalicylate, S5@95c per pound, mercury salicylate, 27@30c per 'ounce, and potassium salicylate 12@lSc per ounce. , Benzoic Acid — Scarcity of toluol, the raw material used in , the manufacture of this acid, has caused manufacturers to , raise their prices, and the German variety is quoted at $1.20 • @$1.30 per poimd. Sodium benzoate has also been advanced . to $1.20@$1.30 per pound. Be.\ns — Tonka are in plentiful supply and Angostura are f. down to $1.75-, Harrison, Supplemental Decisions, 107. Law, Narcotic, Harrison, 101. Law, Narcotic, Physician's Rec ord, 107. Law, Narcotic, Registry and Payment of Special Tax, Law,- Narcotic, Regulations, 10a. Lead, in Water, Test, 116. Legal Decisions, 120. Leggett Drug Co., 133. Leimeier, Frank, 136. License Tax Paid, Recovery. 120. Liggett, Louis K., 122. Liggett Co., Louis K., 134. Lippert, Otto C. F., 123. Lotion, Andeer's, 114. Lotion, Resorcin, 114. Lyons, I. L., Jr., 121. McDonough. Dr. Patrick T.. 124. Magnesium Citiate, 116. Market Reort, 14'. Matricaria, Constituents, 116. Merrell, Ashbell N., 124. Merrell, Charles C., 127. Merrel: Chemical Co., William S., 127. Merrell Drug Co., J. S., 132. Meyer, A. C, 12?. Meyer Bros. Drug Co., 127. Michaels, A. H., 124. Millard. A. E., 121. Mitchells & Gayncr, 134. Mixing Machine, Prokop's, 139 Morphine Solutions, Steriliza- tions, 116. Mostly Per'.onal, 121. Mount Holly (N. C.) Drug Co., 135. Muldoon, R. V., 122. Mulford Co., H. K., 133. Munn, A. M., 124. Music. Medical Uses, 117. Narcotic DrugS; Dispensing, 105. Narcotic Drugs, Inventories, 106. Narcotics, Sale, Official Form« Necessary, 105. NciUy, William C, 122. Ncuralgyline Co., 134. New Hampshire Drug Co., 133. Novocaine, 107. Nyal Co., 136. Obituaries, 123. Ohligcr, Willard, 138. Oldficia, Frank P. K., 121. Opium Protocol Signed, 127. Opium Smuggling, Baltimore. 126. Owl Drug Co. (New Decatur), 135. Packard. President C. Herbert. •■Paris-Wood Drug Co., 135. Patent Office, Work for 1914, 100. Patents, Trademarks, etc., 13S. Patdcki, Marion August, |24. Patten, John A., 134. Pegram Patton Drug Co., 135. Pharmacists, Young, Examina-j tion, 131. I Pierce, David J., 124. '• PocDk, Thomas G., 122. Polish, Metal, Non-Inflammablc ' ... I Pomade, Anti-kink, 115. Profits, Gross and Net, 100. ^ Question Box, 114. | Rasmussen Drug Co., 135. I Read Drug & Chem. Co., 133J 134. 1 Remington, L. J., 124. Rescrcin in Face Lotion, 114. Rice Leaders of the World As- sociation, 144. Richardson Drug Co., 135. Riker-Jaynes Drug Co., 133, 135 Robertson, John B., 124. Robinson-Pettet Co., 135. Rutherford. Mrs. R. G., 118. Sacchaiin, Determination, 116. Sauer, Frel V.'., 135. Sayre. L. E., 122. Scarlet Red Spray Solution.^ 114, Scarr, C. E., 134. Schertz, Christian, 121. ' Segui, Eugene A., 124. Shakman, Moritz M., 124. Sharp, F. 13., 133. Skillman, Harry, 122. Smith, John A., 124. Snyder, Frank. 122. Sommer, R. E. W.. 123. South Texas Druj Co., 134. Southe -n Pharm iceutical Co., 135. Spurlock-Ncal Co., 135. Squibb & Sons. E. R., 134. Stamps, Special Tax, Narcotic, 104. Stearns, Fred'k K., 138. Stearns, Fred'k S., 138. Stearns, Wayland D,, 138. Stearns & Co., Frederick. 138. Stier. George F., 121. Thiophyscin. IIS. Thymin-Pochl, IIS. Tillson. A. H., 122. Tobiicco Cures. Therapy, 108. Trapani, Francisco 134. Uriozon, 118. Urotropine, Solution, 115. Velsor, Joseph A., 123. von Rohr. Arthur, 121. Wagner & Pool. 134. Walsh, John F.. 122. Walsh. William H.. 124. Warren Chemical Products Co., 134. Webster. Charles H.. 123. Wciglo, George. J.. 121. Weltncr Charles W.. 133. WTiolcsale vs. Retail Dealers, Distinction. 107. Windo.v Displ.iv, Value. 100. Woodw;.rd. Clarke & Co.. 135. Women in Pharm.icy. 117. Women in Pharmacy and Allied Professions, Advance, 119. W. O. N. .\. R. D.. Organiza- tion Ideals, 11.^. Word, M. F.. 121. Wvcth & Bro., John. 136. Wycth. Maxwell. 122. AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY PUBLICATION FOR THE DRUG TR4DE New York, April, 1915 No. 4 Vol. XLVllI The Pharmaceutical Era. PUBLISHED ON THE FIRST OF EACH MONTH. D. O. Haynes & Co. . . . Publishers No. 3 Park Place, New York relephone, 7646 Barclay. Cable Address, "Era, New York." SUBSCRIPTION RATES: Single Copies, 15 cents, a mestic Rates to U.S., Cuba, Hawaii, Porto Rico, the Philippines and Mexico Jl.OO a year To Canada, j>o«tpaid 1.59 a year To Foreign Countries in Postal Union 2,00 a year The Era Pwc3 List with Subscription, 50c a Copy. PRICES INCLUDE POSTAGE AND PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. REMIT by P.O. or Express Order or New York Draft payable :o order of D. O. Haynei Ji Co. Add 10 cents for collection charges I you send local check. Published at No. 3 Park Place, Borough of Manhattan, New Ifork, by D. O. Haynes ft Co., a corporation: President and treas- irer, D. O. Haynes; rice-Dresident, E. J. Kennedy; secretary, N. W. Haynes. Address of Officers is No. 3 Park Place, New York. Entered at the Nno York Post-Office as Second-class Matter. Copyright, 1914, by D. O. Haynes & Co. All rights reserved. Title Registered in the United States Patent Office. Table of Contents. :Editori.\l axd Pharmaceutic.\l Pages 147-170 Editorials 147-150 \ Correspondence 150 Official Rulings on the Harrison Narcotic Law and Supplemental List of Preparations 151-155 Cultivation of Medicinal Plants 156 Get some Butter for your Bread 158 Recreation for Pharmacists 159 ' Trend of Modem Pharmacy 160 ttings from Great Britain 162 : stion Box 163 • reign Abstracts 165 Rittman Process Announced 167 L Women in Pharmacy 169 Bws AND Trade Section Pages 171-194 Mostly Personal 171-172 Obituaries 1 7/i I Prescription Scheme Falls Through '. 175 [ Movies on Patent Medicine Fakirs 176 . Harrison Narcotic Law in the Making 177 1 Associations, Clubs, etc 179 I News of the A. Ph. A. Branches 180 !, From the Business Field 184 ' Board Examinations 186 I Trade Notes, etc 187 '< Patents. Trademarks, etc ISO i Drag Markets 191 irNDEX TO ADVERTISERS Page 48 ' [NDEX TO GOODS ADVERTISED Pages 44-47 (iCNDEX TO READING P.\GES Page 194 UN-IFGRM STATE N-ARCOTIC LAWS We have been greatly interested in the move- ment inaugurated by the United States Chamber of Commerce to harmonize State and Federal leg- islation in the direction of promoting greater uni- formity and efficiency of food and drug regulation in the United States, in order that the people there- of might "receive, generally and equally, the most effective protection in the food and drugs con- sumed." Any one who has had occasion to com- pare the various requirements obtaining in the several states has early discovered that what has been designated as an adulteration by law in one State, may be perfectly admissible under the law of another State. In other words, what is a legal truth for one, is a criminal fraud for another. In a recent address by Charles Wesley Dunn, a well known authority on food and drug laws, he said : A single article of food wrapped in the original sealer con- tainer may travel around the country in the normal channels of commerce and under various local laws and regulations, may completely lose its purity and wholesomeness, its name, and its entire identity, on several occasions, and be subject to seizure and destruction. An ethical drug product, of recognized thera- peutic value, for which no improper claims are made, may, under certain conditions, go through the country and be legal about half the time. With irreconcilably conflicting laws the manufacturer or dealer has no opportunity for escape, despite the best endeavor, being compelled to violate one law to con- form to another. I believe it may be asserted that if all the food and drug laws and regulations were exactly enforced but few manufacturers and dealers would not be in the courts, facing prosecution. We do not urge the merits of conflicting contentions. We only advance the suggestion that the best possible, the most efficient law be adopted uniformly and gener- ally, so as to give equal protection to all the people, and so as to establish a single rule of conduct for all commerce. Similar comments can be advanced by almost any one who will compare the provisions of the Federal Narcotic law with the narcotic laws on the statute books of the several States. There is no reason that we know of why the official order forms and duplicate copies thereof issued by the Com- missioner of Internal Revenue could not be ap- proved and adopted by all the States without com- pelling the pharmacist in a particular state to make out another set of order forms to cover the same order to comply with the law of his State! One set of records should be sufficient for all practical purposes, and there appears to be no valid reason why the evidence of sale or use of any narcotic recorded in one registration should not "an.swer all 148 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [April, 1915 requirements. The amount of detail now heaped upon the druggist is greater than that of the dealer in any other calling, and the uselessness of dupli- cate work and records seems uncalled for. Phar- macists should work for imiform legislation in this direction in their respective States. The Federal regulation of the sale and distribution of narcotics, we believe, has found a permanent place on the Nation's statute books, and we are not sure but that it would prove a wise move for most of the States to hand over entirely the enforcement of siuch laws to the National Governmevit. At any rate, but little progress will be made in any State legislation that seeks to enforce a duplication of records or deviates from the general principles laid down in the Federal Narcotic Act. TREND OF LEGISLATION IN NEW JERSEY In no outline of proposed pharmaceutical legisla- tion that we have seen during the last few years have so many apparently good features been incor- porated as appears in the pharmacy bill now before the New Jersey Legislature. So far as we can dis- cover, the bill represents the experience gained in enforcing the provisions of the previous and present laws, and if enacted, it will place the practice of the calling in that State in an advanced position. Fundamentally, all laws are enacted for the benefit of the public, and in the endeavor to secure such legislation, the interests of those most affected are not always fully considered. But in the points that have been crystallized in the measure now before the New Jersey Legislature, we see reflected many of the advanced views held by the pharmacists them- selves. Indeed, the bill is mainly the effort of the New Jersey Pharmaceutical Association, and as such, it has the backing of the pharmacists of the State. In studying the bill, one will find many of the phases of legislation affecting pharmacy that have been put forward in other States. As might be ex- pected, a clause carrying graduation from a school of pharmacy as a prerequisite for registration is most important. This provision also defines such schools in that they must comply with the rules and regulations of the board of pharmacy and require of students before entrance upon pharmaceutical studies an academic education equal to one year's completed study of approved high school work. This requirement is in line with the views of a large number of pharmacists who have seriously studied the many problems confronting present day pharmacy. The trend of all legislation, both Federal and State, has been and is in the direction of placing greater responsibilities upon the pharmacist and hedging the practice of his calling with greater restrictions. To moot these responsibilities a general education is fundaiiKMital, and the State has the right to insist 1liat tliose who propose to follow the calling shall equip themselves in a manner which shall best subserve the interests of the public and of the pharmacist himself. In this matter the framers of the bill have exhibited considerable wisdom in providing that this section, as to the certificate of preliminary- education or the registration of a pharmacist who was a graduate, or who may become a graduate within three years, shall not become effective for three years after the passage of the act. This means that colleges of pharmacy are to have time in which to revise their standards of admission to meet the requirements. Another section which will attract attention from some quarters is that which gives to the board of pharmacy the power to refuse registration or re- voke certificates for certain named reasons. Some of the powers here directly granted have been held in greater or less degree by the boards of other states, but in no law can we recall so large a number which are so distinctly stated. In this connection, the section which provides the refusal or revocation of "a certificate of applicant or holder when afflicted by a mental disease of such a character as to render him a menace to the public if allowed to practice pharmacy," will be read with interest. Just what evidence will be required to designate one a "menace," is a de- batable question, but there is no doubt that there may be some individuals now practicing pharmacy that the designation will fit. One of the best provisions of the entire act, how- ever, is that which provides annually $10,000 or so much thereof as may be necessary for the enforce- ment of the law. This provision, if enacted, will place the board in an independent position and en- able its members to perform their duties without fear or favor. One of the greatest drawbacks to pharmacy law enforcement in tlie past has been due to the fact that the State, while providing a law and a board for carrj^ing out the provisions of that law, made no appropriation with which tlie board could work. This lack of power to enforce the law to the fullest extent handicapped the board, and in many instances made the law a laughing stock to violators and unsatisfactory to its staunchest defenders. These several provisions in the proposed New Jersey pharmacy law. including that providing for reciprocal registration, art worthy of the support of all pharmacists in thai State, and the measure in our opinion, shows in { most positive manner the direction and trend oi present day legislation relating to pharmacy. THE CONTROL OF PRICES Absolute control of the sale price of manufae tured articles of all kinds throughout the Unite< States will no longer i-emain Avith the patentee, i the iiitcrpri't.ition of a decision handed down tb other (lay liy Judge Augustus N. Hand, sitting ii the U. S. District Court in this city, by whicl R. H. Macy & Co. succeeded in having dismisse( the complaint in a suit instituted by the Victo: Talking ]\rae]iiiie Company. Tlie latter compan; sought to enjoin the department store from sellini Apkil, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 149 its talking machines, records, and other parapher- nalia, because of a refusal to sign an agreement by which the Victor company could dictate the prices ■of its output. We cannot attempt to give the various points raised by the parties in the case at issue, but the decision is of interest to pharmacists as it follows the precedent furnished by the decision handed down some time ago in the Sanatogen case. The Court said: "The only question is whether a pat- entee who has once received his royalty covering the use of the patented article during the entire life of the patent can by his license prevent the transfer of the use of his license in a case where upon the expiration of the patent there is a sale of the machine itself to the ultimate possessor condi- tioned upon the obsen ance of the terms of the license." Attention was called to the Sanatogen case, wherein the Supreme Court held that the patent law did not give the exclusive right to dictate the price of a subsequent sale when a sale has once taken place. The license agreement in the Sana- togen case contained a clause by which title in the article is revested in the patentee whenever the article was sold for less than the fixed price. The Court could see no distinction between permanent- ly parting with the title to a patented article so far as the right to restrict the price to the consumer is concerned. In the Sanatogen case the decision enimeiated the principle that patentees have not the right, after selling a patented article, to control the price for which it shall be sold by the retailer to the final consumer. AS TO SOME EXEMPTED PREPARATIONS Several inquiries have come to this office regard- ing the status of "Warburg's tincture, N. F., and Camphorated tincture of opium, U. S. P., under the provisions of the Federal narcotic law. Both of these preparations contain less than the permis- sible amount of narcotic allowed by the law and both are therefore in the exempted class. The in- quiry concerning paregoric was in one or two iu- stances occasioned by the fact that in the advance proof of the list of preparations which appeared in the March Era, the name, while correctly appear- ing in the list of exempted preparations, also ap- peared by mistake in the list affected by the law. As printed in the March Era, however, this error was corrected. Again. Brown ^Mixture lozenges and Warburg's tincture pills Cnot Warburg's pills, N. F., which contain no opium) are not official forms of these remedies, and the opium content is based upon the particular manufacturer's statement. Confusion ■seems to exist between the terms "Warburg's pills" and "W^arburg's tincture pills." The latter are •not made by any official formula, and a number of manufacturers list .such pills or cap.sules represent- ing the medicinal strength in each pill, tablet or ■capsule or 1 fluid dram of the official tincture (which contains opium"), and the necessary concen- tration to reduce the tincture to pill or capsule form increases proportionately the opium content in each avoirdupois ounce of the finished product. There- fore, for the exact status and opium content of any sample of Warburg's tincture capsules, pills, or tablets, the statement of the particular manufac- turer should be consulted, as various strengths of these are listed. We repeat: Warburg's pills, N. F. contain no opium and are exempt; Warburg's tincture pills, capsules or tablets, if they are made from the official tincture, should contain opium, the quantity in each avoirdupois ounce of finished product, however, depending upon the strength desired by the individual manufacturer, or upon other modifications he may have introduced into his formula. PERILOUS COMPETITION" We print herewith a letter from an esteemed subscriber on the subject of chain store and de- partment store competition. It reveals the inter- est evinced generally by retail druggists in present day buying conditions. Read it: Editor of the Era. Sir — Your editorial on "The Wholesale Druggist" in the February number of the Era is the best thing you have uttered in your history. You are not telling us anything new nor are you the first to give utterance to the sentiments ex- pressed; but yours is the first real complete crystallization of conditions into word form for a decade. It is an open secret that for twenty five years the N. W. D. A. has been the closest corporation in tlie United States, beside which some of the colossal trusts which have been busted have been as milk and water institutions. The retail trade, especially those who have been really fighting the battles of the retailer through the N. A. R. D. and other organizations, have been fully cognizant of condi- tions and the blighting influence and death throttle the whole- salers held on the retail trade — or at least those who did not free themselves from the grip in time — and that these condi- tions were aided and encouraged by a few of the so-called leaders in the organizations of retailers is strongly suspected. It is believed that the warm frienships existing between cer- tain wholesalers and their representatives and certain of the leaders and headquarters of the N. A. R. D. were not for naught, and the result was a considerable falling off in the loyalty of the body of the membership of the N. A. R. D. The United Drug Merchants, Rexail and A. D. S. were not accidents, but were called forth by the unbearable conditions which existed through the manipulations and influences of the N. W. D. A. If you and other editors and owners of the pharmaceutical press had only sounded the warning twenty years ago, the retailers' concerns would never have reached the gigantic growth they have attained. You were too long with the whole- salers and their allies, and it seems to me you always choked off any voice that was raised for their emancipation under the wholesalers rule and dictum. It is not too late for the emancipation of the great body of small retailers who have not yet seen the light, and I hope and trust that your editorial will revolutionize conditions so that the small retailer will come into his own. Yours truly, Smartweed. Because so much of our space and attention re- cently has been devoted to matters directly con- cerned with the operation of the new Federal Nar- cotic law it should not be inferred that the Era is neglecting this matter. On the contrary we hope ultimately to be a factor in the accomplishment of 150 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [April, 1915 reforms that will be of distinct advantage to re- tailers throughout the United States. For informative purposes the histories and ex- periences of organizations, wholesale or retail, are useful; but what is needed right now is a live, practicable idea, based on thorough knowledge of trade usages and menaces; one capable of develop- ment on the lines of least resistance. CHEAP BUYING must be the keystone of any bridge that is built over this river of doubt. Can this end be reached in any way except through the co-operation of jobbers and retailers? The threatened competition does not affect the retailer alone. Next in line is the jobber, and then the manufacturer. Already wholesale grocers, seiz- ing opportunities presented by the exigencies of war, have entered the drug and chemical export and import business. The fancied security of wholesalers would be amusing were it not so full of perils to other branches of the trade. The cigar- drug store combination lacks neither brains nor money, and already it is laying the foundation for selling securities in its enterprises to the public. After establishing its means of selling or distribu- tion what is to prevent its entrance to the field of manufacture ? Again we insist that the ordinary instincts of self-preservation should actuate wholesalers and jobbers to come promptly to the relief of retailers — before the damage has been done. We shall welcome all suggestions bearing on this highly important question. MORE NARCOTIC PREPARATION'S In this issue of The Era we print as supplemental to the list which appeared in the March issue of this journal, an additional list of drugs and preparations exempted and affected by the Harrison Narcotic Law, thereby placing in fairly com- plete and concise form this information for the use of drug- gists and others who are most interested in the observance of the law. In the compilation of these lists we have en- deavored to make this information as authoritative and com- plete as possible, and we will welcome the criticism or as- sistance of any subscriber, druggist or manufacturer that will tend to make further improvement in this direction. These lists, with additional information showing the amount of narcotic drug in each fluid or avoirdupois ounce of each preparation listed, will be issued in pocket form as a sup- plement to the Era Price List and one copy will be sent free to each Era subscriber whose subscription includes the Price List. In importance the information contained in this consolidated list is next to that contained in the official regu- lations, for without either regulations or a knowledge of the great number of preparations affected by the law, the average druggist would find difficulty in mastering all of the details and intricacies this new legislation has developed. "GREAT DRUG SCANDAL" The Ivondon corr(=;pnndent of Weekly Drug Markets writes as follows undrr the date of March 9: "The publii v.n^ sl iitlril tliis evening by a nrwspaprr on- tent-sheet amiMniH n- .1 Ci- it Drug Scandal'. 11;. \, iul..r of The Glob, 111 iMssin- il„ puirhasrd ropy nniwlv ,.n i.l,-.l to your correspondent, who |i,is^iM\- y^.w,- xi^n il ,if concern: 'That paper, sir, li;is r^ii :i word in it ,.i 1- :i 1^ ^ 1 I can't even pronounce it i;, ini^ iipipn" il. 1'!|'m that "blessed word" in. mhi in. miIn il,,^hr,| ,,,,ms-, il,.- r ni.l It must be our old fuMid 11- \ nrrtln l, m li n .minr Sine enough, The Control!. I Cim, 1 .1 l',,ir,ii< lud lu.l h- foir Idni the continued application (,l Mr. H, S. Wdli onu- lor the sus- pension of the Trade Mark (Schering's Berlin) "Urotropine". At the last hearing the matter stood over for three months to see how the stocks lasted. These in the meantime, had become quite exhausted. The trade-marked name had ap- peared in the German Pharmacopoeia since 1910 and is re- ferred to in the index of the Swiss Pharm. The total avoid- ance of the trade mark was not pressed, so long as its use is permitted for the duration of the war. "The Controller expressed the opinion that the applicant had a stronger case than the applicants in the Aspirin case had and he would give his decision later. "During the hearing it transpired that the Government, ow- ing to the great scarcity of the product, had granted a license to the agents to import a supply of "Urotropine" from Ger- many direct. Hence the press article referred to and its de- nunciation of the Government's action in permitting trade with the enemy." Correspondence Did He Overcharge for this Prescription? Editor, The Pharmaceutical Era : Will you publish in the Era the enclosed prescription and ask what sliould be the charge for compounding the same? I charged $1.25, and I want to know if you think I over- charged the customer? The customer said that I had over- charged him, for the doctor (prescriber) had said that the "medicine would not cost more than 90c or $1." Very truly yours, L. B. J. The following is a copy of the prescription above referred to: Mentholis 3jv 01. betula • 5jv 01. oleic 3vj 01. turpentine oj Spt. vini recti • 5vj M. Sig. Rub in well. (Considering the present high cost of the materials named in the above prescription, and also the increased cost for operating expenses, it is not likely that the majority of drug- gists will say that L. B. J. charged one cent more than he should have done in asking the customer $1.25 for the com- pounded medicine. However, we pass the question along to Era readers, and should like to have them submit their opinions as to what should be a fair price. We are well aware that the nomenclature used in the prescription is an incongruous mixture of Latin and English (the prescription is printed as submitted to us), but this violation of the rules of the game does not in this instance constitute the controversial point. How much would you charge for compounding the prescription ? — Ed. ) The Arkansas State Legislature defeated by a very close vote a bill, fathered by Mr. Taylor, to regulate the operation of retail drug stores and requiring that they be conducted by licensed pharmacists. Three State legislators contended that the measure would work hardship on the country merchants, who sell patent medicines and also against the traveling medi- cine vender. The measure had tlie endorsement of the State Ph. A. DRUGGISTS — PLEASE NOTICE We are trying- to compile a complete list of all co-operative buying companies and clubs in connec- tion with the retail drag trade, and we will thank our subscribers to send us information in regard to any such to which they belong. In each case please send us the correct name of the company or club as well as its address and the name of one or more of its officers or managers. We are anxious to make this list complete and will appreciate the co-operation of our subscribers. Please address. Era Druggists Directory, No. 3 Park Place. New- York. April, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 151 Official Rulings on the Narcotic Law The following rulings for the enforcement of the Federal Narcotic Law were issued by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue on March 9: (T. D. 2172) Narcotic law. Synopsis of rulings on questions relating to the act of Con- gress approved December 17, 1914, known as the Harrison narcotic law. 1 Treasury Department, Office of Commissioner of iNTERX.Ai Revenue, Washington, D. C, March 9, 1915. The following synopsis of rulings on questions relating to the narcotic law is published for the information of Internal Revenue officers and others concerned. All rulings or parts of rulings heretofore made which are in conflict herewith are hereby revoked : Acceptance of orders. — The words "accept" and "accept- ance" as used in section 2 of the act are held to apply to the notice of acceptance of the purchase order, or, if such notice is not given, to the delivery or shipment of the goods I to the purchaser. The date of such notice or shipment will be the "date of acceptance" in such cases. Administration, external and internal. — Liniments, ointments, or other preparations containing drugs not specifi- cally exempt, used for oral, nasal, aural, ocular, rectal, ure- thral, or vaginal administration cire not in such cases used externally and are therefore not exempt from the provisions of this law. Attendance (personal), definition of. — A physician, dentist, or veterinarian must actually be absent from his office and in personal attendance upon a patient in order to come within the exemption of section 2, paragraph A, of this law. Analysis, samples of. — While no special provision is made in the act for the purchase by chemical laboratories of narcotic drugs to be used as test reagents in analytical work, or for the forwarding by physicians of samples for analysis, the purchase or disposal of such drugs for the purposes named would not be in violation of the act, provided the same are purchased or received by regularly established chemical or analytical laboratories, and the requirements as to registra- tion and keeping of records, etc., are fully complied with. In either such case registration and payment of special tax will be necessary (sec. 1 of act), and the prescribed order blanks must be used as to all purchases of such drugs, as required by section 2 of the act. Where such drugs are purchased for analytical work there should be kept, in addition to the duplicate order blanks, a record showing when such drugs were received, the kind and quantity received, and from whom received. This record should also show as to each kind the quantity used for ana- lytical work and the quantity remaining unused at the close of each month. Samples forwarded by physicians for analysis must be en- tered in their records (art. 10, Regulations 35), as where like drugs are dispensed or distributed other than directly to pa- tients. Laboratories receiving such samples must also enter ' the same on their records, as in the case of purchases above referred to. Branches, registration of. — Each separate branch of any firm, partnership, or corporation dispensing or distributing any of the drugs coming within the scope of this law will be required to register and pay the special tax. The name of the firm, partnership, or corporation should be indicated on the application for registry with the name of the manager in charge of the branch immediately beneath. Charity org'anizations. — Xot supported solely by the State, county, or municipality must register and pay the spe- cial tax and keep a record of drugs dispensed or distributed. City hospitals, status of. — (See Exemptions from reg- istration.) I Consumers obtaining drugs. — A consumer, as such, will not be permitted to register under this law and can only obtain a supply of such drugs through a duly registered physician, dentist, or veterinarian. Containers. — It will not be necessary under the provi- sions of this act for net weights to be placed upon containers of tablets or other preparations, so long as the proportion of the inhibited drug to the ounce is indicated thereon. Such containers and contents, however, will be subject to the pure food and drugs act and regulations issued thereunder. Containers broken or destroyed. — Where a container becomes broken or destroyed through accident in transporta- tion or otherwise it will be necessary for the person registered to make affidavit as to the quantity and kind of drug lost or destroyed, and keep such affidavit on file with his order forms. Containers, use of pasters on. — No objection to the use of pasters on containers already in stock and labeled to denote a reduction of narcotic drug to the exempted class indicated in section 6. Dealers, drugs returned to. — Where any of the drugs or preparations coming within the scope of this law were in the hands of persons on March 1, 1915, and are to be re- turned to a registered manufacturer or dealer from whom the same were purchased, the person returning the same will at- tach to the inventory made by him March 1, 1915, a memor- andum of the drugs or preparations returned, specifying the kind and quantity returned and the date of return. Upon the receipt of such drugs or preparations the manufacturer or dealer will attach to his inventory a like memorandum giving also the name of the person from whom such drugs or prepa- rations were received. Department stores handling drugs. — A general mer- chant who handles any of these drugs or preparations under authority of the State laws must register and pay the special tax required by the Federal law. Diacetyl morphine. — As this is the chemical name for heroin it will be classed as such. Drugs, exportation of. — Pending the issuing of regula- tions under the provisions of paragraph (c), section 2, of this act, narcotic drugs may be exported without a special permit. The order of the foreign consignee, together with a duplicate bill of lading or other shipping receipt covering the consignment should, however, be filed with the prescribed purchase orders on which like drugs are shipped to pur- chasers in the United States. Direct sales on personal ap- plication of a physician residing and practicing outside of the United States can under no circumstances be permitted, as such sales would not be regarded as an exportation within the meaning of the statute. Drugs dispensed, record of. — A physician or dentist who administers minute quantities of drugs coming within the scope of this law in his office may keep a record of the date when a stock solution is made and the date when such stock solution is exhausted without keeping a record of the name and address of each patient to whom such drugs are administered. This plan will be allowed, how^ever, only in cases of those physicians and dentists who use minute quan- tities of these drugs, such as oculists, aurists, and other specialists; but where a physician engaged in a general prac- tice otherwise administers such drugs it will be necessary for him to keep a record of the name and address of the patient, of all drugs dispensed, distributed, or administered in his office, and of such drugs left with a patient to be taken in his absence. Only such drugs as are personally administered by a physician to a patient when away from his office are exempt from record. Drugs delivered, receipts for. — A retail dealer in filling a prescription or order form calling for any of the drugs coming within the scope of this law is not required to de- mand a receipt therefor. 152 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [April, 191^ Druggist engaged in more than one business. — A retailer having more than one place of business, or, if in any case, the retailer is engaged in more than one profession or business where any of the drugs coming within the scope of this law are made, stored, or dispensed should make ap- plication for registration in each such case. Educational institutions. — Any department of a uni- versity, college, or other educational institution using drugs coming within the scope of this law must register with the collector of internal revenue and pay the special tax. The dean of each department should sign the application for regis- try and the order blanks used to obtain a supply of these drugs. Such drugs used in a dental infirmary or laboratory should be recorded in a book kept for that purpose. Employees of registered persons. — Persons registered under this law will be held responsible for the acts of their employees in dispensing or distributing any of the drugs coming within the scope of this law. Exemptions from registration. — Under the act Gov- ernment, State, county, and municipal officers, lawfully en- gaged in purchasing drugs, etc., specified in the act for the various departments of the Army and Navy, the Public Health Service, and for Government, State, Territorial, district, coun- ty, municipal, or insular hospitals or prisons are held to be exempt under section 1 and paragraph (d) of section 2 from the provisions of the act relating to registry and special tax to purchase and use of such drugs and to the keeping of records of the same. Any such officers, however, engaged in private practice must register, pay special tax and keep the records, and comply with all the requirements of the law and regulations. Exemption of certain preparations. — The exemptions provided in section 6 of this law are held to apply only to United States Pharmacopoeia standard preparations or to remedies prepared under private formula, such as are usually carried in stock by druggists and dispensed without pre- scriptions, and not to pseudo preparations or remedies pre- pared, prescribed, or sold on account of the narcotic drug contained therein. Fraudulent prescriptions. — A druggist, when receiving a prescription for any of the drugs coming within the scope of this law, should carefully scrutinize such prescriptions and where he has reason to believe that the same is forged or that the quantity of drug prescribed is unusually large, he should, before filling such prescription, satisfy himself that the same is genuine and properly prepared. Every druggist should know the signature of the reputable, legitimate physicians in his locality, and should he fill a fraudulent prescription he would be liable to prosecution. CHospitals and sanatoriums must keep a record of drugs dispensed, distributed, or administered therein. Inventories must be retained on file by person making same and not sent to the collector of internal revenue or the Treasury Department. Such inventories must be sworn to. Inventories. — Every person, firm, or company who com- mences business after March 1, 1915, of importing or manu- facturing any of the drugs or preparations coming within the scope of this law, will, at the time of registering with the collector or as soon thereafter as such drugs or preparations are imported or manufactured make a sworn inventory of all such drugs and preparations in the manner prescribed in article 13 of Regulations No. 35. Laboratories — Samples for analysis. (See Analysis.) Manufacturer, definition of. — The word "manufactur- er" as used in this law is not construed to be applicable to druggists or apothecaries (retail dealers), as it is necessary for practically every pharmacist to manufacture certain prepa- rations for use in compounding prescriptions; and this office holds that but one registration will be required of such re- tail dealer. Such retail dealer, if so using any narcotic drugs, should keep a record of the quantity used. Manufacturing exempted preparations. — A dealer or manufacturer using any quantity of narcotic drugs mentioned in the law for manufacturing preparations which in their finished state are exempt should keep an accurate record of all such narcotic drugs used for this purpose. Merchants, general, handling drugs. — (See Depart- ment stores.) Name in full — Meaning. — A physician may sign pre- scriptions calling for drugs coming within the scope of this law the same as he would sign a check or legal document, i. e., J. H. Smith, John H. Smith, or John Henry Smith. Nurses, status of. — Not allowed to register and can only have narcotic drugs in their possession under direction of registered physician. Can only obtain supplies of such drugs upon registered physician's prescription and only when nurs- ing patient of such physician. Ointment, liniments, etc., for external use only con- taining more than the quantity of drugs sjjecifically exempt under section 6 can be dispensed or distributed without com- plying with its provisions, only when such ointments, lini- ments, and other preparations contain ingredients rendering them unfit for internal administration — in other words, they must be denatured. Opium, definition of. — In making calculations upon the amount of opium present in any given preparation, this office will take the United States Pharmacopoeia standard for opii pulvis (powdered opium) containing 12 per cent to 12.5 per cent of morphine. orders, date of acceptance. — (See Acceptance ot order forms. ) Order forms, filing of. — Order forms filed according to systems already in use, if readily accessible to an officer of the Government, will be considered as a substantial compli- ance with article 9 of Regulations No. 35. Orders incompletely filled. — It will be necessary when a wholesale dealer is unable to completely fill a retail dealer's order for both the original and duplicate orders to have made thereon a notation as to the quantity or quantities sup- plied, and the date, and the subsequent filling of such order should also be indicated on both the original and duplicate order forms. Order forms, lack of space for complete order. — Where more drugs or preparations are to be ordered than the space on the order form will permit, it will be necessary' to make use of additional order forms. The attaching of extra sheets to these forms is not permissible. Order forms not to be used as prescription blanks. — Original and duplicate order forms are only to be used for obtaining a supply of the drugs and preparations covered by this law and can, under no circumstances, be used as a pre- scription. Paregoric, status of. — Camphorated tincture of opium prepared according to the United States Pharmacopoeia stand- ard, contains not quite two grains of powdered opium to the fluid ounce and is, therefore, exempt from the provisions of this law. Partnerships of physicians. — Where two or more physicians, dentists, or veterinary surgeons are in partner- ship, doing business under a firm name, it is necessarv- for the firm to be registered, the firm registry number to be in- dicated in ordering any of the drugs for use in the office practice of the members of the firm, each individual physician, dentist, or veterinary surgeon in such partnership should register and pay the special tax under his own name, if alsr engaged in private practice. Personal attendance, definition of. — (See Attend- ance.) Physicians, dentists, and veterinarians practicing in more than one district. — If maintaining an office in more than one internal-revenue district must register in each district. If not maintaining more than one office registration in one district permits him to practice in any other district with hut one registration. Places of business, more than one. — (See Druggists engaged in more than one business.) Prescription blanks. — .\ physician, dentist, or veterinary surgeon can make use of any prescription blank, provided the same is properly dated and signed and has indicated thereon the iiln^iriin ^; iidih- his registn,' number, and the name and aiKliis^ xVr prrson for whom such prescription is writti ii 1 he ( i i iinu iit does not furnish a form upon which prescriptions nia\ be written and the special order form can not he \\■ from the growing district, are not marketable. They may n have lircn well washed and they may not have been well di e and will 11 1omL..I :it in heaps present a motley array of col 1; sizis nul si I i]M s It is the pro\'ince of the dealer to put t! c into I niiikii'M. .on.liiion, and this he is able to do by serie s of w isl.in-s, splitting, cutting and dn,-ing, and a gen t dressing n|i. until tl v. l.ole lot is brought to a uniform outw.i apji' I! I ' I- s ;, ' m establishment, when one sees a 1 e. of I) : ich ought to be dark, and a heaj d.nl ought to be light, and in proxi; li tin 1 .arcs and solutions of various col r dyes .ir.ii li . iil,, i, ean imagine how easily a clianp' color might be brought about. In other words, he can re ',: that many of our drugs are subjected to a toninc im^ 1 which may or may not affect tlieir value for medicin.il \ poses. .\t the present time, at best, and irrespective of the !>; -> disturbed condition of the source of supply, we seem de] ei :> upon a haphazard source for our crude drugs. Undei t' condition the commercial value, the physiological action .m ; I S^PRIL, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 157 i herapeutic value of a given drug may depend quite large y ipon the man who removes it from the soil. This suggests lo IS that the man witli the hoe, or the man with the scytlie is ' iuite as important as the man behind the percolator, for each, n a measure, holds the life of llie patient in tlieir hands. • The present source for drug plants seems to stand as a bar o progress. The raw material, the foundation of our work, oUected from the most irresponsible and uncontrolled sources, ubjected to ever>- variation of wind and cloud, shifted and 'hanged by every ebb and flow of population and people — the product of the labor of the outcasts from human life, consti- uting the meanest of industries, and one in which any change n the status of the people sends the drug gatherer further and 'urther into the abyss. The living medicinal plant, containing he most delicate and sensitive substances in materia medica, is ■landled by rough, coarse, destructive methods — mixed, sophis- icated, adulterated by unscrupulous middlemen. The organic .tructure of the highest complexity, and containing the most 'lelicate principles known to science, is handled more roughly han ore from the mines, or lumber from the forests. f Pharmaceutical chemistr>' and manufacturing pharmacy have -nade much progress in our day, and when we look into the ource of its basic material we wonder that it has made this '•regress. To compare the history of belladonna, or any drug ilant. from the field to the laboratorj', with that of textile fibre ,jid dyewoods, is a thousand degrees to the disadvantage of he manufacturing pharmacist. It seems to me tliat to place he supply of medicinal plants on an equal basis with oats, ■ye, wheat or fruits, and apply to them the knowledge of nodem horticultural and agricultural science, is to place them in a safe and rational basis, which will amount to a revolu- ion in medicine. In the case of plants that have a large demand, certain scien- ific attention has been given to their source of supply, and vhere such attention has been given, as in the case of drugs vhich produce the essential oils, and such plants as cinchona, •anilla. etc., the value of the product obtained, as compared 'vith haphazard methods, has been strikingly demonstrated. The irugs to which pharmacists and manufacturers alike have nven no attention along this line would, when taken collec- ively, also involve a large money value. Is it not true that any drug which is of sufficient importance be engrafted into the Pharmacopoeia, or to be used as a ife saving agent, is worthy of our best attention? Would not he extension of the study which has been so beneficial to a ew of our drugs, serve for the benefit of all our vegetable nedicinal plants? Practically all of the medicinal substances which dose the \merican people, and residents in foreign lands, are either nade, or in one way or another supplied, by this Association ,)f Manufacturers of Medicinal Products. The problem of the uture supply of medicines from plants rests with us. How .hall we meet it? In the past we have relied upon the law of .upply and demand. We have not hesitated to ravish the "arth to fill the drug warehouses, and when the drug granary vas overflowing we lowered the price to choke off the inflow. 1 For the moment the acres in Europe where drugs grow, have )een furrowed with trenches of the contending armies, and the 'oil has been enriched by the bodies of the slain. This latter •tatement is literally true in respect to portions of Belgium, •"ranee and some of the Polish provinces. So far as the Con- inental drug supplies are concerned, we can await the faltering ■low recovery in the aftermath of the war, we can trust to 'avoring or unfavoring winds — we can let it alone. Manufacturers of medicine have never given serious attention ,0 the cultivation of native drugs. For fifty years the husband- ng of the supply, and cultivation, have been urged, with little ' vail. We shall find scarcely any relief from the farming indus- •ry. Drug plants are such a specialized crop in comparison viih food products, and so limited in demand, that we may at •nee forestall any hope that the farmer will ever supply us 'vith little else than packing straw. The suggestion made by the writer, that every pharmacist night cultivate drugs in his home garden, has been criticised. Tontinental druggists, by this method, as well as augmenting heir supply by purchasing from their neighbors, fill their home lemand and at times accumulate a surplus for the markel 'Vere the thousands of American pharmacists to raise a few 'wunds of drugs, the effect would be apparent, and if these •harmacists would apply their training in science to this work. we could hope for some enlightenment upon the drugs which we use. I do not hesitate to recommend to every member of this .■\ssociation to prepare now and put in his backyard a few drug plants such as he uses in his laboratory. He will pos- sibly receive some pleasure and not a little edification from his effort. The situation seems to be that for drug plants there are no vast regions where millions of pounds of plants are produced industrially. There are less than a score of places in the world where they are cultivated, and from these places but little reaches our market. For the most part our drugs come from the lower peasant people, including the "mountain whites" of our own land. By handfuls they accumulate at some centra point, and then by a circuitous route reach the laboratory. There can never be a certainty or a uniformity of supply- there can never be an improved supply. The advance of indus- try into a region changes and stifles even these meager sources. At the present time our whole drug supply of the south ana middle west is threatened by the advent of the settlement worker, who proposes to civilize the mountain people — teach them to give up digging and dance the tango. Thus do the "war lords" and the missionary uproot the drug supply. It does not seem right that we should rest content to obtain the basic material for our industries from such haphazard sources. Under these conditions we are not on a par with the maker of steel or the hammerer of brass and copper. They can separate the elementary product which they need — we can- not change a root or leaf. We are not on an equal footing with the old-time herbalist, who went into the field and selected from the living plants — we take it as it is sent to us. The records of work upon the properties of plants, their constituents, their action and uses fill volumes, but of the growing plant itself we know less than did the ancient herb doctor. To view the question rightly we must approach it from a different point of the circle. There must be a great change. If, for example, the supplies of drug plants from any source actually and permanently ceased, manufacturers would then be- gin to till the fields, and in a decade our supply in quantity and quality would differ radically from that which obtains at present. No catastrophe is great enough to close and keep the Ameri- can factories closed if they were really put to it. The factor of price would not govern, and here is the crucial test. If we want an improved supply of medicinal plants we can get them. If we want to control the quality of the raw material that enters into our laboratory, we can do it. We can make our extractions from selected leaves and roots and flowers if we will, but this will mean no little outlay. It will require a change greater than all the world's wars, greater than an earth- quake, pestilence or famine can bring about. It means a change in the spirit that guides and rules our business life. To really give us sufficient home-grown medicinal plants to supply our needs, will only come when we eliminate the factor of cost, when we approach the problem in the spirit of service, and for the time eliminate the spirit of gain. Belladonna grown by Johnson & Johnson cost in the first years one hundred dollars per pound; digitalis grown in the Lilly gardens cost probably one thousand dollars for the first few pounds, but it has been worth the effort and the world has been enriched from the outlay. There' are certain possibilities, as well as probabilities, con- nected with the cultivation of medicinal plants that are worthy of consideration by the manufacturers of products therefrom. First — the manufacturer who starts out with high expecta- tions, and places a hundred or a thousand acres of ground under cultivation, without consideration of all the factors con- nected therewith, will be surprised at the small yield and the corresponding high cost of his product. If, without due con- sideration, he should induce the farmers and gardeners in the vicinity of his factory to put medicinal plants under cultivation, he would also be surprised and disappointed at the outcome. If all the manufacturers who are interested in belladonna should succeed in the cultivation of a considerable number of acres, the yield might be so large as to depress the price and discourage further attempts, and the whole matter would swing back to former conditions. If, at the close of the European struggle, certain supplies of crude drugs should come forward, and the amount, quality and price become satisfactory, the manufacturer would be apt to rest content and leave things as they are. 158 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [April, 10 On the other hand, there are possibilities which should invite the attention of the conscientious manufacturer. First, the possibility of an increased yield. Thus the drugs now in scant supply and low in quality, might become constant. In the cultivation of medicinal plants there is the possibility of securing uniformity, which is not possible under the condi- tions which now prevail. It is a well known fact that plants such as cinchona, opium and the like, under cultivation have given an increased yield of constituents, and there is good reason to believe that other medicinal plants might be made to follow the same course. It has been demonstrated that in certain plants, under culti- vation, there is an increased, possibly an enhanced action. In- cidentally, it has been established that by destroying the diastase immediately upon gathering certain plants, it is possible to retain all of the appearance of the fresh plant unimpaired, especially as it relates to color value. A notable example of this came under the writer's observation on the drug farms abroad. With such plants as belladonna, hyoscyamus, etc., the leaves are collected in such a way that they are not allowed to wilt, and are carefully dried and sold at a high price per pound. The same part of the plant, carelessly handled, would only bring a few cents per pound. The power of the drug obtained from plants in which the diastasic ferments had been destroyed, has been found in general to be more active than those dried in the ordinary manner, and there are recorded results showing a different action from specimens prepared by different methods. Plants in life contain soluble ferments, and during the ordi- nary process of drying these ferments exert an oxidizing and hydrolizing action upon the constituents; they change in color, odor, taste and appearance, and it has been hinted that the action of these ferments resulted in the loss of a large propor- tion of the active principles. The problems quite tersely set forth by the Department of Agriculture, and others, as arising in connection with the medi- cinal plant cultivation are as follows: Some of the lines of study and investigation which need to be emphasized, are those surrounding the adaptation and ac- climatization of medicinal plants; The conditions under which the active principles of the plants are formed ; The behavior of the plant itself under varying conditions of climate and culture. One authority. Dr. F. A. Miller, gives the following specific enumeration of the problem : What species are best. What type of soil is the most suitable for the individual plant. What fertilizer, if any, should be used. How much cultivation and irrigation is necessary. Which are the best months for harvesting, curing and pack- ing. Particularly desirable is a practical basis and correlation of the study of varieties of the plant constituents, due in part to the difference in geographical locations. Finally, the statement is made that the selection and breeding of medicinal plants not only promises to merit a reward of great practical and economical importance, but also affords a field for the widest scientific activity. As a tangible suggestion towards this end, I offer the follow- ing: Manufacturers of the class represented in this Association may turn over to their laboratory staff the work of investiga- tion of one or more plants. Several manufacturers, notably Eli Lilly & Co., the PI. K. Mulford Company and Johnson & Johnson, have in a way independently contributed much towards this end. Manufacturers can encourage the work by the establishment of gardens devoted to medicinal plants, connected eillicr with colleges of pharmacy or agricultural colleges, in wlii( h iiuesti- gations and research can be made with industiiil onds in view. This would necessitate either individual donations to such institutions, or the establishment of a joint fund to be applied to the purpose noted. I'iiKillv, iiLis' .issniiK' tliiit if tlic mnniifacturers of medici- n;il II. I. ,1K li i.i.sird in .snuring a plant drug supi''--. ini|.i-\ii| III ,|n,!i;\ jMil qiiantily, they can do so if they all- uilliiij; to i>ay llu- juice; that is to say, they must pay the price of years of systematic, scientific investigation and experimental cultivations, which under the present cor.'_ tions are necessary to bring about a successful outcome. GET SOME BUTTER FOR YOUR BREAD An Empire State Druggist Testifies To the Impoi ance of Knowing Cost Price ^(TN the beginning a partner and I bought a store v,:.: I was making a fair living for a proprietor and cle:, writes a well-known Empire State druggist to the L : "By a system of inventorying and repricing we put it ii. condition to afford us a fair profit above a living. Ha^ : established this condition we devoted our time to the buy: and selling; increasing the volume of business and trying buy as close as possible. "For a series of years we made money. Then for a st"^ of years we broke even. Then we made a little money, t: came a time when we went back some. "We were not able to figure out the Why? of the variati Our volume of sales did not show. We had figured ■ prices. "When the time came that we went back some I moui * the 'Worry Wagon'. I looked up the expense account: personal account; the possibility of a leakage; the amount accounts carried — all to no effect. "About that time came a discussion in trade papers as whether a dealer should figure his percentage of profit :, expense on his costs or on his receipts. "The matter seemed foolish to me, because it makes difference if he uses the same basis for the whole prob'. It irritated me until I thought I would see what my percent of gross profit was running. For a week we kept track the cost of each particular sale. At the end of the week figured it out and found that my percentage of gross pre f was Just about equal to my percentage of expense. I thoup! we had not been very careful in the matter and tried another week. "During this week I did a lot of thinking. I knew th. i . were a few things we were selling too close. With th'5 items the price had been recently advanced, but I thoupl they would be reduced soon and I did not like to chai^ the prices. The second week gave me almost the same p-: centage of gross profit. "I then knew that my prices must be revised. I comment ^ to keep account of my costs every day. "1 marked up a few items which I knew were being too low and found I increased my gross profit 2 per ct There was the solution of my troubles. "I revised the prices on two or three lines of goods ar found an increase of 3 per cent. more. Then I 'went to ■ and scrutinized every price in the store. I raised my centage of gross profit to the old standard. "Then I commenced to figure on what had happened reduce my percentage of gross profit, I found that nearly c: item in stock had been advanced in cost — not enough ad\ r.ry that I increased my prices of many of them — but c item had advanced a little. I had been touched by the 'I; Cost of Living'. Nearly every patent medicine has been vanced 10 per cent, or more above its cost before the Sp.; War. Nearly every drug or chemical has been advancec price some since that time. All of these advances were b' taken out of my net profit. The result was that I had little 'net' left. "I had supposed that if I kept my 'volume of sales' up my expense account down I was all right; but the inci' of CDSts had used up my percentage of net profit. ■1 111 SI- - was a particular and technical kind of work and there was so little of it that the compensation was necessarily quite large. But there has come a great change in recent years. The pharmacist is the scientific man as was the apothecary of old. He is the technical compounder, the registered drug- gist, but he is more of a business man than his predecessors were, and because of that fact the people, those who trade with the pharmacist, have been the gainers. The whole call- ing itself seems to have taken on another form. I imagine there is not so much compounding to-day as there was a few years ago. Great pharmaceutical establishments do a great deal of the work that the old time apothecary did. Under these changing conditions, it is very, ver>' advisable, it seems to me, that there be frequent meetings for commtmi- cation of ideas and thoughts relating to the business among the pharmacists of the state. The average pharmacist has become somewhat of a business man; he has always been to some extent a business man, but I am inclined to think that to- day he is more of a business than professional man, while sometime ago, he was more of the professional man than the business man. Now, is there any danger growing out of this? Is there anything that you ought to think about in cormection with this change, if I am correctly advised and my conclu- sions are warranted by the facts? It would be unfortunate if this old time honored profession should become merely business. So much of the sentiment, so much of the romance would be taken away that we might feel somewhat sad at the change, but more than mere senti- ment, more than mere romance — it would be another develop- ment of the dollar idea. I admire the successful business man. We cannot but be astonished at the great efforts of the captains of industry. We like the strong, pushing, virile business men who start with little or nothing, and build up gigantic enterprises, but they are business men. We v.-ould not want our lawyers, our doctors, our apothecaries, our clergy- men, to be distinguished principally as mere business men. We like to have them remain in the realm of professionalism, and be as great and as useful in professional work as others are in the business field. Now, I trust that with these great houses compounding so many of the things that the apothe- caries themselves compounded not many years ago. that we will not have a change in this line of work, and that the apothecary may remain the professional instead of the busi- ness man, realizing, of course, the necessit>' of good judg- ment and of business skill in the conduct of any business enterprise. There are very important matters connected with pharmacy that are wholly unrelated to the question of bookkeeping and income and outgo. We are all interested, and you are particu- larly interested in the legislation tending to restrict the use of noxious drugs. Here is a line of endeavor that of course should be absolutely divorced from the business end of the work. Here is a question that appeals to you as professional men and as men who desire to adipt their profession to the best interests of their brothers and sisters, and any attempt, I fear, to connect this kind of legislation with the business end of the pharmacist's occupation and profession would tend to detract from the high professional standard that the apothe- cary lias always had. and that the modem pharmacist should endeavor to maintain. I am not a |ilianiiacist. but a mere observer, I have spoken simply as a lixinan in a general way. My purpose in comirg li-K w IS n.it t.i (i'gen of the air acting on the salicylate in the presence of sodium sesqui- carbonate. The addition of about a grain of sodium sulphite or bisulphite to an ordinary eight ounce mixture produces a marked preservative effect and there is no objection to be made to such an addition, A Fortune of 2% Million Dollars The will of the late William Ransom, founder of the fir:- of Wm. Ransom & Son, Ltd., of Hitchin has just bee: proved. He left a fortune of £504,898— more than $2,500,00 The death duties on the properties will amount to near! $500,000. William Ransom commenced the cultivation of me dicinal plants at Hitchin in 1845, beginning with lavender henbane and belladonna, and subsequently he became knov, : all over the world as a grower of medicinal plants and a manu facturer of extracts and other galenical preparations. COMPOSITION OF PRINTING INKS A general description of the composition, manufacture, an properties of some of the common types of printing inks i- contained in Circular No. 53 of the Bureau of Standards, whic has just been issued. The materials entering into the com position of printing inks are divided roughly into two classes viz., oils and pigments. The first class includes linseed oil rosin oil, the various semidrying oils, gums (resins), rosir and soa]!. The second class includes the various pigment* from which tlie inks derive their color, and to some extent their consistency and working qualities. A brief description of the preparation and properties of these materials is given The subject of driers is treated in a separate chapter. Variou formulas are given showing the approximate composition of some inks. The manufacture of printing inks is described showing the method of preparing the oil varnish and pig ments, the methods of mixing and grinding, etc. To obtain satisfactor>' results in printing, these two factors, ink and paper, must be carefully adjusted. It is well known that an ink which is satisfactory on one paper will not bf so on another, all other conditions being constant. On phase of this relationship between ink and paper is the opacity of the ink, a subject of particular importance in the thre and four color processes. Emphasis is laid on the necessit for tlie printer to select the proper grades of paper whic will be suitable for his work. April, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 163 THE QUESTION BOX ? Coloring Red Rubber Black (N. M. P.) — So far as we know it would be practically impossible to use any chemical or compound to "restore red rubber to its original black color". In the first place, natural rubber is not black, only as it may be so "smoked" in the "curing process." For commercial uses the natural rubber is usually treated with "fillers", both organic and mineral, the latter inckiding insoluble coloring matters, vulcanizing agents and substances which are designed to increase the tensile strength ol the rubber, depending upon the proposed use of the rubber article to be manufactured. The principal coloring matters now in use by rubber chemists are vermilion, antimony sulphide, red lead, red o.xide of iron, ultramarine, lamp black, chrome yellow, burnt umber, etc., and it is easy to see that when one of these substances has been once incorporated with the rubber "mix", a change in color of the finished product can not be expected by the addition of any agent without injury to the rubber. Of course, the application of an elastic varnish to the outside might be suggested, but even this would likely prove impracticable. Custom, perhaps, has decreed that rubber of a certain color is the best for a particular purpose, and for some uses, the choice may be based upon experience. But so far we have learned there is no practicable process for "restoring" i. e., making red rubber look black. If one wants rubber of a black color, that is the kind he should purchase. In working over reclaimed rubber, the manufacturer has to get rid of the fillers and coloring agents used in the first manufacture before he can proceed to work it up into other stock. Oil of Spike Compound (A. H. C.) — We have gone over a large number of veteri- nary formulas and have found a few in which turpentine and sulphuric acid are components. However, tlie following formu- la from the first edition of the Era Formulary, published in 1893, seems to come the closest to the points noted in your inquiry ; Oil of Spike. Oil of turpentine 32 ounces Sulphuric acid 2 ounces Barbadoes tar 16 ounces Whali oil 64 ounces Oil of origanum 2 ounces Oil of juniper wood 1 ounce Gradually add the sulphuric acid to the turpentine, stirring constantly; when cold, add the other ingredients. The reaction between the sulphuric acid and turpentine is apt to be very violent, and only a very small quantity of the acid should be added at a time under constant stirring, the mixture being allowed to cool somewhat before adding more acid. This operation should be done outside the building so as to avoid any risk from explosion or fire from the heat de- veloped. This formula is the type of some of the so-called spavin and ringbone remedies that are found on the market. It should be noted that while this formula appears under the old name "Oil of Spike", the preparation could not now be legally mar- keted under that title. Under the ruling of the food and drug authorities the name "oil of spike" properly belongs to the oil procured from the broad leaved variety of lavender which grows wild in Europe, the Lavandula Spica. The odor of this oil is less fragrant than that of common oil of lavender, and is somewhat analogous to that of oil of turpentine, with which it is said to be often adulterated. Masking the Odor of Tar (J. S. B.) — "Please inform me through the Question Box what will overcome the odor of tar in a hair preparation?" It is somewhat difficult to suggest any method of overcoming the peculiar empyreumatic odor of tar, although it is probable that the odor may be partially modified or masked by the addi- tion of suitable odoriferous substances. In some cases, the use of glycerite of tar is recommended, as in its preparation the tar is previously washed, thtis tending to remove some of the disagreeable odor and some of the acid constituents always present in tar. This, when compounded into tlie hair prepara- tion, may be further "masked" by the addition of suitable per- fume odors. Thus, in the following formula taken from the Era Formulary : Glycerite of tar 2 ounces Tincture of cantharides 1 dram Oil of lavender 1 dram Spirit of ammonia 1 dram Bay rum 4 ounces Cologne water, sufficient to make 1 pint But whatever attempt may be made to disguise the odor, tar is tar, and so long as it is employed this most important characteristic of the presence of tar must be taken into con- sideration. Manufacture of Pyridine Bases (Subscriber)— We are informed that practically the entire supply of pyridine bases used in denaturing alcohol is im- ported, and that very little, if any, is now obtainable in this market. To use these bases for this purpose, however, certain formalities must be observed and they may be found fully out- lined in the bulletin of "Regulations and Instructions Con- cerning Denatured Alcohol", issued by the United States In- ternal Revenue Service, Washington. Pyridine bases are prepared from bone oil, or the fraction of coal oil or shale oil distilling between 80° and 250°, the bases being separated by treatment with sulphuric acid, and the acid liquid then distilled or boiled with a current of steam till the vapors no longer show the presence of pyrrol. The liquid is filtered through linen to separate the tarry matters, an excess of caustic soda added, and the whole distilled with steam. The distillate is allowed to cool, and again treated with a large quantity of solid caustic potash or soda, till the pyridine bases separate as an oily layer on the surface of the alkaline lye. The upper stratum is separated, and, if it con- tains aniline, it is treated with fuming nitric acid, which is cautiously added and the mixture gradually heated to boiling, the aniline being thus destroyed while the pyridine bases re- main intact. According to Allen, pyridine is more commonly made from crude heavy naphtha. The lowest and most im- portant homologue or member of the pyridine series or bases is pyridine itself, which is of special interest, because of having been recognized as one of the parent substances of many alka- loids, and also, as the starting point in the preparation of several valuable antipyretics. Manufacture of Chicle Chewing Gum I'W. W. P.) — Various formulas for the manufacture of chewing gum from chicle have been published in previous volumes of the Era, which see. The following formula is taken from the Era Formulary; The basis of nearly all brands of chewing gum on the market is chicle, some paraffin or wax being occasionally added, it is said, to harden the mass. The most successful manufacturers attribute their success to the employment of the most approved machinery and the greatest attention to details. Chicle gum 56 parts Hard paraffin 15 parts Balsam of tolu 2 parts Balsam of peru 2 parts Granulated sugar, fine 160 parts Glucose 64 parts Water, q. s. Soak the chicle in the water until it absorbs all that it will take up. Melt the paraffin and balsams together and add the swelled chicle. In the meantime mix the sugar with 50 parts of water and boil together until a little of the liquid, with- drawn on the end of a stick, and quickly dipped into a glass of cold water, snaps between the fingers on an attempt to make it bend ("crack degree"). When this point is reached, quickly remove from the fire and pour out on a large marble slab, the surface of which has been previously greased with 164 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [April, 1915 butter or good sweet oil. As soon as the syrup is spread, add to it. a little at a time, carefully working in, the melted mixtures of gums, paraffin, etc., until a portion of the mix- ture is found to have the proper degree of toughness. The flavoring (any desired essential oil) should be well incorporated with the paraffin and gum mixture before adding the syrup. Some experimenting may be necessary to adjust the quantities to a nicety with the different batches worked or sample of chicle employed, but the proportions named in the formula are practically those generally employed. To a large extent the formulas used are "trade secrets", but on general principles, the purification processes must be of a character not to appreci- ably affect the flavor, plasticity, or the weight of the gum. In Roger's "Industrial Chemistry", recently published, it is stated that Darling has suggested the use of Pontianak gum for the manufacture of chewing gum and this material is probably used for this purpose at present to some extent. Potassium Iodide and Nitrite (C. D. S.) — "We send herewith a prescription recently brought to us for refilling. We contend that it cannot be filled without producing a reaction which would liberate free iodine and a gas, and that it is a dangerous preparation and should be labeled 'poison'. We filled the prescription twice and in both instances the mixture exploded after standing Those in charge of another drug store here say they have repeatedly filled the prescription and got no reaction there- from. Will you advise me on this and ask your readers to comment on the same?" The prescription is as follows: Potassium nitrite 64 grains Potassium iodide 64 grains Caripeptic liquid, enough to make 4 fl. ounces Mix. One dram after eating. The most noticeable incompatibility here is that between the nitrite and iodide, the latter being decomposed with the formation of iodine and nitric oxide. Further reactions are somewhat obscured by the fact that the composition of the caripeptic liquid is not stated, but there is a strong presump- tion tliat there is some free acid present, and this with the organic matter of the liquid would further complicate the reactions. In our opinion the prescription should not be dis- pensed, and we would like to have the criticisms of practical dispensers thereon for publication in the Question Box. Carbonating Cider: Essence of Older (B. Bros.) — We are informed that any good cider can be carbonated the same as any other beverage, the cider being placed in bottles and then charged with carbonic acid gas up to the desired pressure as shown on the pressure gauge. Cider may be obtained from almost any locality where apple raising is engaged in. Western New York, the States contiguous to the Great Lakes, Washington, Oregon, and various others. This is largely handled through the wholesale grocery trade, and if you can get in communication with a dealer of this character covering your territory you would probably be able to make satisfactory arrangements for securing pure cider by the barrel. However, some of the so-called cider dispensed at the soda fountain is produced by means of either a concentrated syrup of apple juice (cider) or from an essence. Of the latter type we give the following formula, taken from an English publi- cation, and recommended for the production of an imitation cider ; Acetic ether 1 ounce Amyl acetate 1 ounce Amyl butyrate 1 ounce Butyric ether 3 ounces Amyl valerianate 6 ounces Distilled water 40 ounces Rectified spirit 140 ounces Mix and dissolve. (Use 2 ounces of the essence to each gallon of syrup for making the beverage, and an ounce of the syrup to make a pint). We are not familiar with the champagne cider to which you refer. There are various brands met with and numerous for- mulas have been published for their fabrication. Probably the following is as good as any of them; To every 8 gallons of sweet, still cider add 2 pints of strained honey, or, in its absence, 2 pounds of sugar. Stir well, bung the cask and let stand for 8 days. Add 5 fl. oxinces of skimmed milk or ]/$ ounce of dissolved isinglass and immediately thereafter 2^. pints of diluted alcohol. Let stand for 4 days, bunging up the cask tightly. Massage Cream Without Casein (E. S.) — According to the Era Formulary, there are two distinct classes of preparations of the character which is out- lined rather indefinitely in your inquiry — those containing gly- cerin and a gum, like tragacanth, as their base, and those made principally of sodium stearate. To the latter small quantities of lanolin are sometimes added, and nearly all of them con- tain a surplus of stearin. Here are some formulas: (1) Stearic acid 2]/^ ounces Sodium carbonate (dry) 3 drams Glycerin 3 drams Water 24 ounces Melt the stearic acid on a water bath, add the sodium car- bonate and glycerin dissolved in 4 ounces of boiling water. Heat with constant stirring until effervescence ceases and add the remainder of the water gradually, beating to a foam in a warm mortar. Can be perfumed as desired. (2) Stearic acid 3 ounces Glycerin 3 ounces Water 6 ounces Potassium carbonate ^ ounce Borax lyi drams Powdered tragacanth 4 drams Perfume, sufficient. Place the glycerin on a water bath and heat to 150° F., add the tragacanth previously rubbed up with a little alcohol. Add the stearic acid, heat till melted, then add the borax and potassium carbonate dissolved in the hot water. Stir until the mixture begins to set, then add the perfume. (3) Soft white petrolatum 1 ounce Lanolin ounce Powdered castile soap 1 dram Melt together, mix, and add Rose water J-j fl. ounce Mix well, then incorporate Oil of rose 2 drops For other information we would refer you to tlie Era For- mulary which contains formulas for typical preparations of most classes of creams exploited in the market by manufac- turers. Acid in Solution of Acid Phospliates (H. W. G.) — -"What is the strength of phosphoric acid em- ployed in making acid phosphate solution for use at the foun- tain ?" Under the Food and Drug laws of most of the states there is but one "solution of acid phosphates", and that is the pre- paration which is made according to the formula given on page 94 of the National Formulary, a copy of which you doubtless have. The solution when thus made contains in tlie finished product about 18 per cent, of phosphoric acid, that is, the cal- cium and magnesium phosphates in the bone ash would yield this per cent, of acid. A solution of phosphoric acid in water is not a solution of acid phosphates. We have known dispensers to use dilute phosphoric acid (10 per cent.) in- stead of solution of acid phosphates, and it would probably answer the purpose, but it should not be employed for other than what it really is. Cold Water Powder Paste (J. H. O.) — "I wish tlie formula for making cold water powder paste. I have several formulas containing caustic soda, sulphate of ammonia, etc., but they are no good. I iiave a ver>' large number of formulas." We are unable to give a formula which seems to answer the requirements here prescribed. The querist himself has had considerable experience with pastes of different kinds, and to help him out we have gone over considerable of the technical literature at our command with somewhat negative results Possibly some reader can supply information along this line and will send it to this department for the benefit of all concrrncd. Apml, 1915] THE piiar:\iaceutical era 165 Choice of Indicators — Melckebeke has brought together in small compass a number of important obser\'ations on the choice of indicators in volume- tric analysis, which, although not essentially new, still are of interest on account of the compendious style of presentation. The indicators of acidimetry are divided into diree groups: 1 — those which form stable salts, since tliey possess strong acid or basic properties, including methyl orange, Congo red, cochineal, iodeosin, and lacmoid; 2 — those which contain but two hydroxyl groups, such as fluorescin, litmus, hematoxylin and phenacelin ; and 3 — tliose which are only feebly acid oi basic, as phenolphthalein, rosoHc acid, and turmeric. Those of the first group should be used in the titration of strong acids or bases; they also permit the titration of the alkali salts of weak acids, as if only free alkali were present, and are hence specially adapted for use with weak bases. Those of the third class are to be employed when weak acids are present ; the salts of strong acids and weak bases may be titrated as if only free acid were present. The indicators of the second group have intermediate properties, and are to be used for the titration of strong or moderately strong acids or bases. Langslow has tabulated the properties of the most important indicators, calling attention to the following points which must be observed when choosing an indicator; 1. Color of the solu- tion. For instance, methyl orange cannot be used to titrate picric acid ; lacmoid is to be preferred. 2. Action of substances present on the indicator. Nitrous acid affects methyl orange; litmus should not be used in cold solutions containing carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulphide; ammonia interferes with the sensitiveness of phenolphthalein ; hyrochloric acid destroys the color of permaganate. 3. Composition of the solution. Zinc, copper, and iron sulphates react acid towards litmus, but neutral to methyl orange; therefore the latter can be used to determine free acid in their solutions. Sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydrosulphide react neutral to phenolphthalein, but alkaline to litmus and methyl orange. In the presence of hydrogen sulphide methyl orange gives good results at ordinary temperatures, but with litmus boiling is necessary. Certain organic substances, as acetone and alcohol, also interfere. 4. The sensitiveness of the indicators. In order to obtain sharp color changes, the indicator should be present in as small an amount as possible. It is always best to titrate in the cold if possible, as indicators are less sensitive in hot solution. (Pharm. Weekblad, 1914, p. 1579.) An Important Incompatibility — Guyot calls attention to the incompatibility between mercuric benzoate and cocaine hydrochloric, which are often prescribed together in injections. The benzoate of cocaine which forms is very insoluble in water, so that almost all the alkaloid is removed from solution. If sodium chloride is added to the solution, as is usually the case, mercuric chloride is also formed, resulting in a very irritating solution. \'arious claims have been advanced for the use of mercuric benzoate in thera- peutics, but to Guyot these claims seem unjustified. The salt is only sparingly soluble in water, and is not very stable, the solution decomposing into mercuric oxide and benzoic acid t on heating. The claim that mercuric benzoate affords a means of administering large doses of mercury in a small amount of material is utterly false, as this salt contains less mercurv than any of the commoner salts of that metal. (Guyot, J. Pharm. Chim., 1913, p. 24.) Incompatibility of Cherry Laurel Water — Andouard has mentioned the fact that cherry laurel water precipitates morphine in the form of a hydrocyanide, while Maisch has stated that this alkaloid is thrown out in the free state, and not as a cyanide, by alkaline cyanides. Patrouillard finds that the hydrocyanic acid of cherry laurel water slowly precipitates morphine from its neutral solutions. Daclin has made the same observation with salts of cocaine. Barille adds that salts of cocaine, morphine, eferine, sparteine, and strychnine, with some samples of cherry laurel water, give i turbid solutions, with or without a precipitate. Mittenaere attributes these effects to traces of copper which he has found m certain of the waters. Grelot seeks the cause in several directions. First, artificial cherry laurel water is sometimes prepared, using potassium cyanide and tartaric acid, and may throw out the alkaloids from solutions mixed with it. Again, traces of copper may be present in waters improperly distilled from copper retorts. Lastly, traces of zinc or lead tnay be present. All the precipitates formed are soluble in ammonia, soda, potash, lime water, and dilute hydrochloric acid. Grelot is in favor of abolishing the use of cherry laurel water as a solvent for alkaloidal salts, and believes that a more rigorous standard for the content in hydrocyanic acid should be set, since the use of artificial waters is by no means so rare as is supposed. (Grelot, Sdiweiz. Apoth. Ztg., 1914, p. 628.) Determination of Cineol in Eucalyptus Oils — The unreliability of the resorcin method for the estimation of cineol is somewhat reduced if the oil is first rectified, and only the portion boiling between 170° and 190° is used for the test, but the results are usually too high. The method is at its best when the percentage of cineol is not more than 40 or SO per cent. A warm 55 per cent solution of resorcin should be used. To dilute a high percentage oil, turpentine distilling between 156° and 160° only should be employed. One hundred cc. of the oil to be tested are distilled in a flask of ISOcc. ca- pacity, the fraction between 170° and 190° is collected; and diluted if necssary with the redistilled turpentine, to measure lOOcc. The temperature is noted, and from 6 to lOcc. are shaken with warm 55 per cent resorcin solution. After 5 minutes' shaking, more resorcin solution is added, to the mix- ture in the graduated flask, so as to bring the level of the liquids into the neck. The whole is then cooled, and the vol- ume of the cineol read directly in the usual way. (Harding, Analyst, 1914, p. 475.) Absorptive Power of Magnesium Carbonate — It is well known that magnesium carbonate has the property of absorbing volatile oils and camphor, and of giving them up again to water. This is made use of in the manufacture of aromatic waters. Maranne reports another interesting obser- vation along the same lines. A strong double paper bag, con- taining powdered camphor, was placed on a cube of magne- sium carbonate, which was itself wrapped in very heavy paper. In about two months or less, the cube was found to have a very feeble odor of camphor. On triuurating a portion of it with water, the odor became more perceptible. When a weak acid, such as citric, was used to dissolve the carbonate, the odor of camphor became almost as strong as in spirit of cam- phor. The two substances have been separated from each other by three layers of heavy paper. This proves the necessity for keeping magnesium carbonate well protected from all odorous substances, especially those which might prove disagreeable in certain preparations made from it, such as the purgative lemon- ade of the French Codex. (Maranne, Union Pharm., 1914, p. 517: through Pharm. J.) Phenol from Chlorbenzene — Very shortly after the discivery of the halogen substitution products of benzene, their great stability toward hydrolyzing agents was noted. If chlorbenzene is heated for from 10 to 20 hours with water at 300°, under pressure, the chlorbenzene is almost totally unchanged. Only a very small trace of phenol is found dissolved in the water. But with dilute caustic soda solution at 300°, hydrolysis takes place very easily. Concen- trated alkali solutions give rise to complicated reactions. In the stationary autoclave the substance is almost unattacked Ly 50 per cent caustic soda. With stirring, some hydrogen is split off. The cause of dilute soda solutions should therefore afford another simple method for preparing phenol from ben- zene. (Meyer and Bergius, Ber., 1914, p. 3155.) Contrast Substances in Roentgenology — .^t present the substance oftenest used for this purpo.se is barium sulphate, which must be absolutely free from sulphide, nitrate, carbonate, and phosphate, all of which are soluble in the juices of the stomach and intestine. The mixture usually employed contains from 80 to 150g. of barium sulphate, 15g. of mondamine, ISg. of sugar, 20g. of coca powder, and SOOg. of water. Bolus alba is an ideal contrast substance, on 166 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [April, 1915 account of its insolubility and freedom from toxicity, but it does not give sharply defined outlines in the picture. Bis- muth subnitrate has been used since 1904, but, in addition to its high cost, has the disadvantage that under certain little understood conditions some nitrate is formed, and cases of death have resulted from its use. It was accordingly replaced by the subcarbonate, which still gives rise to irregular effects. Bismuth sulphide, a dark brown powder, is recommended by Kaestle. It should be carefully tested for sulphate, which sometimes forms when it has been kept for a long time. Cerium oxide has been used by some investigators, but its cost is entirely too great, and the absolute insolubility of this substance in the body has not been proved. Iron oxide is only slightly soluble in the stomach, and 50g. can be adminis- tered without bad effect. One per cent of tragacanth is added. Cinnabar, or red sulphide of mercury, gives sharp images, but should be used in living subjects only after a most careful search for soluble mercury salts. Magnetic iron ore is com- pletely insolible in water and dilute acids, but must be ground fine enough to pass a sieve containing 5000 meshes per square centimeter (about 180 to the inch). In the form of "Dia- phanite", this oxide has been largely used. Manganic oxide scarcely deserves consideration. Thorium oxide is quite in- soluble in all solvents, and is among the most trustworthy of all contrast media. Colloidal tungsten gives as good results as bismuth and is nontoxic in doses up to 80g. Zirconium oxide is found in "Contrastin". (Merck, Jahresbericht, 1914; through Schweiz. Apoth. Ztg., 1914, p. 657. Colorimetric Determinations — A recent article by Fabinyi deals with the colorimetric de- terminations of colchicine and morphine. For the first, he makes use of the reaction described by Zeisel, which is carried out as follows: The aqueous solution of colchicine, containing some concentrated hydrochloric acid and a few drops of ferric chloride solution, is boiled for several minutes; in the presence of colchicine, the color becomes dark olive green; on dilution with water the color does not disappear; on shaking with chloroform, it changes to a ■ fine ruby red. For the morphine determination, Fabinyi prefers the reaction of Radulescu, in which the acid morphine solution is treated with a crystal of sodium nitrite, and made alkaline after the evolution of gas has ceased. A reddish yellow, rose, or ruby red color results, depending on the amount of morphine present. The color is discharged by acids, but restored by alkalies. The compari- sons are of course made with solutions containing known amounts of alkaloids, which have been subjected to the same treatment. (Fabinyi, Chem. Ztg., 1914, p. 1099.) Composition and Analysis of Licorice Extracts — For the determination of water, 5 g. of the powdered sub- stance are dried at 100-105° to constant weight; the percentage of moisture should not exceed 12 or 13 per cent. The pro- portion of constituents soluble in ammoniacal water is found by dissolving 2.5 g. in a tube in 20 cc. of water, the solution then being centrifuged for 15 minutes. The liquid is poured off and saved. The residue is then stirred with 10 cc. of very dilute ammonia, and again centrifuged. After pouring off the wash water, which is added to the first solution, the process of washing is repeated with another 10 cc. of ammoniacal water. The combined washings are evaporated to dryness and brought to constant weight, forming the "soluble" constituents. The insoluble residue can be tested microscopically for starch and other substances. It is also used for the determination of ash. A portion of an aqueous extract from a known weight of dried extract is evaporated to a sirup, placed in a graduated centrifuge tube, and filled to the 10 cc. mark; 25 cc. of 95 per cent, alcohol are then added, the mixture is shaken, and cen- trifuged for 15 minutes. The precipitated gums and mucin substances are then dried and weighed, and reported as "inso- luble in 70 per cent, alcohol." The nitrogenous material is determined by the Kjeldahl method, using the residue insolu- ble in alcohol. If more than 3 per cent of nitrogen is present, the licorice extract must be regarded with suspicion. For the determination of glycyrrhizin, dissolve a weiRlud portion of the extract in alcohol, filter, evaporate tin- nKnh,,l, dissolve the residue in water, and make up to 50 cc Ait. r cooling, add a few cc. of strong hydrochloric arid, slii 11, and .set aside for 24 hours. Pour off \hc liquid frmn ibr |.itih-1ikc residue, and wash by dcc:i n i i tmn w itli riln i -s.iuii il. il w aier, using 25 cc. in all. Dissoh. i1h- risi.iur in a litllc aniimmia water, filter, wash the filter with a liulc ammonia, and cvapo rate the filtrate in a weighed dish. The percentages of gly- cyrryhizin varied widely, from 3,6 to 27,88, Sugar is deter- mined by the polarimeter, after decolorizing by lead acetate. To show the presence of gum, dissolve 1 g, of extract in a test tube in 10 cc, of water, add 1 cc. of 10 per cent, copper sul- phate solution, and filter. To the filtrate add half its volume of soap water. After repeated shakings the solution should re- main clear ; one per cent, of gum produces a gelatinous precipi- tate. (Telle, Ann. Falsific, 1914, p. 3) Hair Dyes — On this subject, which seems to be of ever-increasing interest, Ditmar has prepared a comprehensive treatise, in which the various dyes are classified, and many formulas are given. The first class consists of vegetable colors, of which henna and in- digo are most important. The former produces only one color, red, and is used in the form of a thick paste which is spread on the hair. The head is wrapped in a warm towel, and the color is allowed to act for several hours. Indigo is also used by the Persians, who apply it immediately after using henna, if a black dye is desired. Lighter shades are produced by a concentrated infusion of German chamomile flowers. Hair dyes containing lead have been used since early antiquity and, although their use has been forbidden in Germany for 20 years, they are still met with All of them are dangerous. Silver solutions, also in use for many years, are represented in their simplest form by the "Persian Water", which was merely an aqueous solution of silver nitrate. Such solutions are danger- ous, this applying also to those in which the silver salt is mixed with lime. Silver salts are sometimes used in con- junction with pyrogallic acid. A solution containing about 1 per cent of the latter in dilute alcohol is first thoroughly brushed into the roots of the hair and along the strands, after which a silver solution containing from 2 to 20 per cent, of silver nitrate in ammoniacal rose water is applied, according to tlie shade desired. This solution should not be allowed to touch the scalp. The treatment must be repeated every two or three weeks. Another preparation contains silver nitrate in one solution, and potassium sulphide in the second. The Turkish preparation "Rasticks" consists of an ointment con- taining gall nuts, finely divided iron oxide, and fine copper filings. These are worked up with water and a little per- fume until a doughy mass is obtained. Modem substitutes for the rasticks contain pyrogallic acid instead of gall nuts, and by properly choosing the metallic oxides employed, every shade can be counterfeited. Another metallic dye consists of bismuth citrate in ammoniacal alcohol and rose water, which is applied to the hair after washing free from grease, followed by a strong solution of sodium hyposulphite. Many synthetic dyes have been used for tinting the hair, and the most im- portant by far is the well known paraphenylenediamine, which, on oxidation, yields a fast black dye, the so-called "Bandrow- sky base". As an oxidizing agent, hydrogen peroxide or po- tassium dichromate is used. Other amino derivatives have been tried, but all seem to have too irritating effects on the scalp, with the exception of some sulphonic acids. (Ditmar, Seifenfabrikant, 1914, Nos. 49 and 50.) For Masking Facial Defects — In order to equalize facial defects, such as slight malforma- tions of the nose, ears, cheeks, etc, Zinsser recommends the following mass: jMoisten 50 g, of gelatin with a little water, and melt on the water bath. Add 100 g. of glycerin, with constant stirring. Color with ultramarine, cinnabar, and zinc white, with ochre if needed. This mass is specially useful on account of its elasticity and natural appearance. DRUGGISTS — PLEASE NOTICE We are trying to compile a complete list of all co-operative buying companies and clubs in connec- tion with the retail drug trade, and we will thank our subscribers to send us information in regard to any such to which they belong. In each case please send us the correct name of the company or club as well as its address and the name of one or more of its officers or managers. We are anxious to make this list complete and will appreciate the co-operation of our subscribers. Please address. Era Druggists Directory, No. 3 Park Place, New York. 'April, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 167 RITTMAN PROCESS ANNOinj-CED Secretary of the Interior Lane Reports Features of Process and Enlarges on its Significance Secretary of the Interior Lane, recently announced the dis- covery by the United States Bureau of iMines of two chemical processes, one of which, it is claimed, will be of tremendous importance to the oil industry, greatly increasing tlie supply ' of gasoline, while the other may make tlie United States ab- solutely independent of the rest of the world in regard to im- portant materials necessary for the dye industry and the manu- ' facture of high explosives used in warfare and in engineering operations. The first of tliese processes promises to enable the indepen- dent refiners in this country to increase tlieir output of gaso- line from petroleum 200 per cent or more. With an estimated production on the part of the independent refiners of 12.000,000 ' barrels of gasoline in a year, this will mean an output from the I independents alone of 36,000,000 barrels, greater than the total • pro\i^iii. i - a result of general social con- ditions. Neitlu r I . in .1 li- .iMiu d that no organization of men has done as cffeiti\e woik in bettering social conditions as have the organizations of women. Therefore, the foresightcd- ness in establishing the Women's Section in the A. Ph. A. is apparent; for as women generally become educated to do public work of this nature, a strong association of all women inter- ested in pharmacy, both non-professional and professional, will wield a wonderful influence in shaping the trend and final destiny of pharmacy. It is admitted, of course, that generally speaking the non- professional women in pharmacy find this viewpoint somewhat of an innovation, but those faithful few who have followed husband and fathers from the store to every .\. Ph. A. Con- vention for twenty years, were not long in seeing the light which is to lead on the work of the Women's Section. Co- operation is the spirit of the day. Every woman understand.^ the meaning of co-operation in the home and more or less with the business through which the home is maintained, and the work which the Women's Section proposes to undertake is only the same co-operation on a somewhat broader line. One of the stated objects of the Women's Section is as fol- lows: The object of this Section shall be to emphasize the right and capability of women to engage in pharma- ceutical pursuits as a means of livelihood ; to unite the women employed in pharmaceutical pursuits for mutu- al encouragement and assistance ; to labor for the im- provement of legislation regulating the registration as pharmacists of women employed in the practice of pharmacy in hospitals and other public institutions; to unite the women members of the A. Ph. A. in a section for social purposes, and to co-operate in the promotion of the general progress of pharmacy and of the American Pharmaceutical Association. With the active co-operation of the non-professional and professional women, backed by the well-regulated machiner> and strong influence of the A. Ph. A., the prospects for ful- filling the mission of the Women's Section are verv- bright. Since any work must have its measure of selfishness to se- cure the interest of those attempting it, the Women's Section is very desirous of securing the active co-operation of all non- professional women. Those who have not as yet taken pari and are willing to join in the work, should see that their hus- bands are members of the A. Ph. A., which will entitle them (the women of the family) to membership in the Women's Section. It is also desirous of bringing into the A. Ph. A all professional women pharmacists, and extends to those of the United States and Canada an invitation to join. The work undertaken is a big one and needs the devotion and help of many to complete it. We do not expect to be able in a few short years to accomplish tilings after the manner of .\ Ph .A. to-day. The sixty-three years of effort behind A. Ph. A. make it the power it now is, but with it as a model abo\ r us, our aim is to promote a slow and steady growth, adding each year a few more accomplishments until the Women's Section is fully and firmly established The present officers are representatives of many branches of pharmacy. The first officers were appointed by the president of .\. Ph. A. Mrs. John Culley, Ogden, Utah, the 1914-1915 president comes from the non-professional ranks of women in pharmacy Practical retail pharmacy is represented by ^Irs. Kittie Har- board Graver, who has conducted a retail pharmacy in Salen Oregon, and is the only woman to serse on a State Board Pharmacy. Mrs. Graver has held office on the Oregon Boar' during a total of twelve years service. Hospital pharmacy i- represented by the Third \'ice-president. Miss Jean Gordo; of Oak Park, 111. The colleges are represented by j. roiess> Zada M. Cooper of Iowa College of Pharmacy, a member ( ■ the Executive Committee. On the Membership Committc are Mrs. IM. IM. Gray, publisher of pharmaceutical text book.< ATi.'vs .'Mice Henkel, botanist in the U. S. Department A-rieulture and Miss Mary L. Creighton. a former teacher e ^vl.itni.i Medica in the Scio College of Pharmacy and formal.' ve:us secretary to Dr. J. H. Beal. The Secretary- of the Sec- tion, as Associate Editor of the Midland Druggist, repre- sents the pharmaceutical press. The other officers of the Section may be termed the real advisers to tlie "allied powers" in things pharmaceutical. They are, Honorani' President. Mrs. S. A. D. Sheppard, Boston; second vice-president Mrs. H. M. Whelpley. St. Louis; his- torian, Mrs. George B. Kauffman, Columbus, Ohio; treasurer. Mrs. F. H. Carter, Indianapolis; chairman of executive com- mittee, Mrs, J. O. Burge, Nashville. Others on the Member- ship Committee are, Mrs. C. T. P. Fennell, Cincinnati, Ohio: and Mrs. C. A. Stover, Cambridge. Mass. April. 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 169 Ckjnducted by EMMA GARY WALLACE Pests of Various Kinds THE woman pharmacist should be tlie authority for the women of her entire community as to the best means of safely and effectively ridding their homes of house- hold pests. One has to be a woman and to have scalded, and cleaned, and smudged, and poisoned some particular kind of insects, only to have tliem crop out livelier than ever, in order to appreciate the trying nature of these things. The average man does not realize that it is insufficient oftentimes, to sell a bottle of bed bug poison when a whole room or several rooms have become infested with these nui- sances, nor yet that a small can of roach powder is often a mere aggravation in trying to get rid of roaches and water bugs. The women folks afflicted with anything of this kind should be able to go to a sister in the business and to obtain e-xplicit directions as to 'u:hat to do and hozv to do it. This is quite as wortliy as helping get people well after the bugs have bitten them and made them sick. It is like building a barbed wire fence at the top of a precipice in place of a hospital at the bottom of it. It is not necessary to be able to tell the genealogy of the various pests and the scientific names for them and other exhaustive data; it is enough for our purpose to know "just how" methods of getting rid of them. Very many times poisonous solutions will dispose of the living insects and yet just when the housewife's soul begins to rest in peace and contentment, a second hatching will ap- pear and strike terror to her heart. The woman pharmacist will earn her life long gratitude who will explain to her that the living insects will be destroyed by the poisonous decoc- tion she is offering and further that the eggs which are en- cased in a gelatinous shell may be dissolved by applications of gasoline to the crevices where these are deposited. Wall paper may be sponged off with gasoline and if done gently it will often clean it as well as destroy the ova of insects. Of course, all light and fire must be far removed from the room being so treated. There are no half way measures al- lowable with bugs. It is a case of eternal vigilance until the last one has disappeared and for sometime after. One druggist — a very successful one, and a man at that — had quite a nice business on this line of work alone. He guaranteed to rid any room of insects upon payment of a reasonable price, depending upon the size. A small room would be done for a couple of dollars, and larger ones in proportion. He used a method whereby deadly fumes pene- trated to every comer of the room, effectively destroying all animal life therein. For a room approximately ten by twelve or fourteen feet, he proceeded by stopping up all cracks about the windows, sealing up doors except the one through which he would leave, and otherwise making the room as tight as possible. Next he placed a stone jar in the center of the room putting it upon an iron plate. Into this one quart of sulphuric acid and two quarts of water were emptied. He was now ready for the last step with a wet cloth in one hand and a one pound package of cyanide of potassium in the other. Lastly, he would drop the package, paper and all, into the sulphuric acid solution, at the same time placing the wet cloth over his mouth making a hasty exit. Any cre- vices about this door were quickly filled with rags or sealed up from the outside. The house itself was now vacated by the family for a period of eight hours. At the end of this time the druggist returned and with a wet cloth pressed to mouth and nostrils, entered the sealed room and threw open the windows. After two or three hours of thorough airing it was ready to be put to rights by the owners who could rest assured that it was free of troublesome inhabitants. It was much cheaper than burning up furniture and bedding or spending days doing work that might not be final at all. At this season of the year it is well to make a study of preventives. — of insects on plants, poultry, and if the communi- ty is an agricultural one, the cattle themselves may be given some attention. Animals suffer intensely because of insects and it affects dieir health and disposition. There are many com- pounds, powders, and decoctions on the market for remedying the situation. These tilings have to be studied, stocked and the public thoroughly acquainted with the service in this connection you have to oft'er. Red and black ants are especially numerous in some lo- calities during the summer, also spiders, caterpillars, and garden grubs. The Agricultural Departments of many States and the U. S. Department of Labor, Washington, D. C. have pamphlets containing valuable and helpful information along these lines. It will pay to get and to study them, and to find out what you can offer in drugs or apparatus that will save work and crops and insure good results. Rats and mice should also have a share of attention. Sul- phur scattered about their haunts is valued by some as a means of getting rid of them. Pastes, poisons, and biscuits are especially prepared for this purpose. Emphasis should be laid upon the importance of keeping all poisons out of the way of children and of plainly marking everything so that it may not be mistaken for something harmless. There are few families which sooner or later in the course of the year, do not have occasion to require something for the purpose of destroying obnoxious pests. If you can gain the trade of these people it may be the point of contact through which further trade can be won and confidence es- tablished. Goods of this nature are in a direct line with germicides and disinfectants. Why not make your store the headquar- ters for supplies for fumigating, disinfecting, cleansing, and last but not least, for ridding homes, stores, and institutions of destructive and dangerous carriers of disease? Drug stores usually carry some of these things regularly in stock and once in a while mention a few of them, but that is insufficient. Educational work should be done regularly, from time to time showing the dangers of neglect and the comparative ease with which relief can be gained. Each sea- son has its own particular pest. The wide-awake business woman will make each one pay her something on account, and she will perform a real and worthwhile service in doing it, too. ABOUND THE CIRCUIT Boston Chapter No. 1 celebrated Gentlemen's Night Febru- ary 19th, at the rooms of the Metaphysical Club on Hunting- ton Avenue. Both ladies and gentlemen listened to a wonder- fully interesting address on "Music" by Mr. H. W. L. Hub- bard of the Boston Opera. His talk was illustrated at the piano by Mr. F. M. Baxter. The many friends of Mr. and Mrs. Otto C. Groenland will be pleased to know that Mr. Groenland is improving after his recent illness. Mrs. J. V. Calver is recovering from her broken arm. She has not stopped work on account of this handicap. She has worked her way across the Continent and is now in San Diego "doing" the Fair and attending to business. Louisville Chapter of the W. O. N. A. R. D. held a very successful meeting March 4th. Mrs. Adele Brandeis read a paper on "Disposal of the City Garbage" which proved both interesting and instructive. Dr. E. R. Bush demonstrated the value of certain gymnastic exercises before the ladies using a living model. The afternoon proved to be a thoroughly en- joyable and profitable one. On March 18 the Louisville Chapter visited the new City Hospital. This is a million dollar structure and incorporates the last word in hygiene and sanitary science. The Superin- tendent of the hospital, Colonel Fowler, acted as host. The trip through this institution was both interesting and illumi- nating to the wives of the druggists. Other Chapters will do well to organize similar visits in their own cities. Mrs. Kittie Harboard Graver is now making her home in Ardsmore, Pa. 170 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [April, 1915 A DRUGGIST'S WIFE AND DAUGHTER f^' ... When Dr. O. P. Phares of the Union Pharmacy, Liberty, Ind., was fatally stricken with apoplexy last May, his widow, Mrs. Minnie Phares most naturally felt she could never spend another hour in the store. But when the first bitterness of her grief was past, she determined to study and make such a success of the business that her charming little ten year old daughter would also look upon it as the field of work into which she would gladly enter. And so Mrs. Phares has put her . shoulder to the wheel to do alone that which was pre- viously so ably managed for her. Mrs. Phares was born, reared and educated at Connorsville, Ind., and three years after her graduation from High School, was married to Dr. O. P. Phares, a practising physician of her native town. This was in 1897. Two years later, Dr. and Mrs. Phares decided to purchase a drug store at Liberty, and almost every day of the fifteen intervening years this de- voted couple has spent together in the store. Their only child Clementine is an inestimable comfort to her mother and Mrs. Phares says she finds her a great help at busy times. Already the little lady can tell the cost, selling price, and profit on most articles sold. It will surely follow that she will develop into a pharmacist of the highest order. PHILADELPHIA CHAPTER CELEBRATES Philadelphia Chapter always expresses its joy in having been born by having a birthday party which brings together the entire membership in a delightful social gathering. All previous gatherings of this nature have been held at the hospitable home of J'rs. William Estelle Lee, 823 North 24th Street, but this year, while Mrs. Lee acted as the hostess as the president of the Chapter, the entertainment was given at the home of Mrs. William T. Burke, Chapter Secretary, 1201 N. nth Street. Mrs. Fannie E. McBride, the national president of the Organization, was the guest of honor. The weather man was kind and an unusually large number of ladies sought the Burke home to meet Mrs. McBride and to celebrate the occa- sion. There were a number of members of other Chapters present, Wilmington being represented by several. The house and table decorations were gold and white. Refreshments were served and a most enjoyable afternoon was spent by all present. The Annual Dance was held in the au-litorinm nf the Philadelphia College .if Pharn,:uy. A fin. niusi, ,1 was rendered during tlie earlier i)art of tin- r\rimiL:, i li ipu r members and friends of Chapter members taking part. That all might be fitted for the next day's work, refresh- ments were served promptly at twelve o'clock and the guests departed in •^•uu] season, tt i-; the hope of tlie miny friends of Pbil.Hlelplii , Cli.iplM tlni llirie \vill lie ni.nu -n.1i occa- sions in llie fulme ,in.l llvil tin- pro*]ieiitv ,.f tlie Organiza- tion will eonlinu, 1 1 m . >, r ' 1 1. m , I the years to eonie. The rogulai m uitliK :Mr,lin^ of the Clia]itor was among the most iiilenMin- .if i!r There was a large attend- ance out and Mis. llu;.;li Monroe, a prominent settlement -worker of the city, told of her work among the women of the manufacturing districts. This led to the consideration of the possibility of healthful living for the average working family on a capital of five hundred dollars. The meeting proved to be very practical as many valuable points were brought out. MARCH MEETING OF BOSTON CHAPTER The monthly meeting of Boston Chapter W. O. N. A. R. D. was held at the Metaphysical Club Rooms on March 18th and was well attended. Mrs. Cooper presided. Mrs. Green gave an interesting report of the Mid-winter meeting of the Massachusetts State Federation and Mrs. Connolly reported the Boston City Federation meeting. The members of the Nominating Committee were then appointed. The program for the afternoon was in charge of the Con- servation Committee and Mrs. Morey chairman, introduced Miss Carolyn Sweet, chairman of Conservation of the State Federation, who gave a most interesting and informal talk on Conservation of Natural Resources, giving many facts rela- tive to the forests of the country and the need of planting new trees each year. She spoke of the Lincoln Highway, which is to extend from New York to San Francisco across the Continent, a splendid memorial to our greatest American, Abraham Lincoln. Mrs. Hubbard and Mrs. Murphy were the pourers at the tea table, during the refreshment hour which was in charge of Mrs. \\ ilson, chairman of Hospitality. St. Louis Chapter The Woman's Auxiliary of the National Association of Re- tail Druggists held its recent regular meeting at the home of Mrs. F. Ulrich, 2001 Salisbury street. Thirty ladies were present, and it was decided to join the Missouri Federation of Woman's Clubs. Airs. Ulrich introduced her father-in-law, F. A. Ulrich, oldest druggist in the United States. Mr. Ulrich will be 100 years old next November. When Mr. Ulrich en- tered the drug business there was no College of Pharmacy, no law requiring druggists to register, and no laws requiring doctors to register. Louisville Women Wide Awake The February meeting of the Louisville Chapter of the W. O. was one of the finest of the year. There was a large attendance as the weather was particularly delightful. Airs. Clarence L. Alartin, Chairman of Home Economics in the Kentucky Federation of Women's Clubs, gave a most en- joyable talk on "Home Economics." Her address was prac- tical and helpful and the members thoroughly enjoyed it. In March the Louisville women had the privilege of hear- ing Miss Helen Louise Johnson, Chairman of Home Eco- nomics in the General Federation of Women's Clubs. The Ball given by this Chapter in January was a brilliant success, both socially and financially. There was a little snow on the ground but the weather was delightful. At the January meeting the members were addressed by the Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky, E. J. McDemott on "Some Civic Questions of the Present Day." In addition to this Dr. Bush gave a talk and demonstration on "How To Sit." Both speakers met with a cordial welcome from the Chapter and their help and inspiration were much appreciated. New York to Ballot on Woman Suffrage Woman suffrage is apparently making headway in the \'ari- ous States. A res.-iluti.Mi proposing an amendment to the New York State ronstituli.in providing for such suffrage passed the 1913 Legislature by a large majority, while a similar re- solution pas.sed the 1915 Legislature unanimously. This means that the voters of New York will now have the oppor- tunity to vote on the amendment next November. The women of eleven States vote now on an equality with men. The women of Illinois vote for president, municipal and r.iunlv .>flu. is Five or more States will decide this ques- tion ilniiii- il'. ! i.sent year. The question is asked: Is New York t.i lis: ti.l.in.l in this important question, or is it to have the benefit of the woman's point of view in the problems of good govcrnnu-nt ? News and Trade Section j Mostly Personal j A Trojan Worker Now Turns to Play ALFRED H. Cosden resigned as president of the Riker- Hegeman Drug Co. at the recent annual meeting of that concern. Mr. Cosden retires at the age of 42 years and has spent exactly half his life in the retail drug business, having started in as a messenger at the Riker store in in Sixth avenue, near 22nd street, in 1894. In 21 years, the period it takes an ordi- nary individual to attain his majority, he has risen from that initial "job", through all the vicissitudes of drug store employment, to the presidency of a company con- ducting a system of 105 retail drug stores. Mr. Cosden came to New York from Dover, Delaware, where he had served a two- year apprenticeship in a drug store. Arriving in the me- tropolis a stranger, he was obliged to accept wuiiL work he could get. From messeng- er to president of the busi- ness, in which he has been the guiding spirit, his rise has been remarkable, but the process has been neither secret nor patented. From Mr. Cosden's own statements in the daily press, one might conclude that he has been addicted to the only drug the State has forgotten to legislate against — concentrated essence of work. In 1896, he graduated from the New York College of Pharmacy. It was only a little more than a decade later that the Wm. B. Riker & Son Co., having acquired the five Bolton stores in Brooklyn, and the five Jaynes' stores in Boston, found that Mr. Cosden was the man who possessed the most intimate knowledge of the greatly augmented business and made him president. When the Riker and Hegeman interests were merged in 1910, Mr. Cos- den was made first vice president and general manager of the new concern. At an ensuing election he was made presi- dent of the Riker-Hegeman company, which now does an annual business of fifteen millions or more Mr. Cosden has announced tliat he will now try and "break even" with life. In a newspaper interview he says he has worked "like a Trojan", but has not forgotten how to play. He has recently completed a contract for a $250,000 home on Long Island and will there devote much of his time to his fine string of trotting horses, in which he is deeply in- terested. He has, with a friend, purchased five miles of a river between Quebec and New Brunswick, and says he will be there when the salmon are running. Fish and horses will keep him amused, but he asserts that he has other plans in mind. Mr. Cosden is reputed to have made himself wealthy during his 21 years of concentrated business life, but he declined in the interview cited to estimate his fortune. He is succeeded as president of the Riker-Hegeman company by John S. Alley, formerly of Boston. .\lfred H. Cosden Friends Honor W. Pitt Rich at Birthday Dinner W. Pitt Rich, traveling representative of Parke, Davis &• Co., was tendered a dinner at the Downtown club, Newark, N. J., by a dozen or more of his oldtime friends and fellow travelers on the recent occasion of his fiftieth birthday. A silver loving cup was presented to Mr. Rich by those present, among whom were W. D. Fox, A, J. Stephens, Ben Isaacs. L. T. McLelland. C. W. Haviland, W. J. Caughev Fred B Stumpf, H. L. Taylor. A. M. Piatt, C. H. Herr, R.'m. Smith, H. B. Smith, R. H. French, S. E. Moore and W. Millspaugh. Now Heads Merrell Advertising Staff THE trade and many warm personal friends throughout the country, who esteem him highly for his professional ability and urbanity of manner, will be interested to learn that Dr. G. Strohbach has become part of the William S. Merrell Chemical Co., of Cincinnati, and will have entire charge of the advertising end of the business. Into this new field he brings a wealth of professional and business experience. A Cincinnatian by birth and education, it is not strange that he should be enthusiastic in promoting the products of his "native heath", Notwitlistanding the fact that he spent the early years of his life in Alabama and lived for a time in Chicago, he yet considers himself only as a Queen City Man and "booster". Dr. Strohbach graduated with honor from the Ohio Medi- cal College in 1903. He was in the printing business for many years and then became a publisher, this affording him prac- tical training from the "forms" to the editorial room. In 1907, he became associated with the Lancet-Clinic as managing editor, assuming full charge of the publication in 1912, His scientific training has admirably fitted him for his new duties. He is a member of the American Medical Association, the Ohio Valley Medical Association, the Mississippi Medical Associa- tion and a number of other scientific organizations. At pre- sent he is the secretary of the Cincinnati Academy of Medi- cine. In his new position he hopes to have accorded him the same cordial relations that have been extended to the entire personnel of the Merrell Company and will endeavor at all times to merit it. Pharmaceutical Personalities — Henry Waiter Jones, druggist at 1600 East 55th street, Chicago observed the anniversary of Washington's birth by relating in the News of his city how he talked with Washing- ton "secondhand." In the early '70's, when he was pretty much of a boy, back in Ottawa, 111., that he had talked with a garrulous old chap, half blind and so senile no one could guess his age. This old fellow told Mr. Jones an interesting tale of how General George Washington and a party of horse- men had brought their horses to a stop on the bank of a river in Connecticut and General Washington had patted the narrator on the head and inquired the way to the nearest ford. As the men were abut to ride away one of them turned back and said "P'r'aps you'd like to know that this is General Washington and his staff." Mr. Jones, besides being a drug- gist, is a collector of old books. — A. A. Hyde, drug manufacturer, of Wichita, Kans., told the story of his life to 200 members of the Men's club of the First Presbyterian church of Kansas City, Mo. He recalled how he had come to Kansas in 1865, had quickly made ^100,000 in the banking business, had gone into busi- ness on a larger scale and then lost more than $100,000. With nine children to look for, he again plunged into business, this time to manufacture drugs. In a short time, according to the story, he was in even better financial standing than before, Mr, Hyde got started spending his money by the pleas of a young missionairy who persuaded him to part with $1,000 to establish a college in Korea. Mr. Hyde said he had been spending ever since. He is one of the main backers of Em- poria college and other educational institutions. — Clipton M. R,\wlins, druggist at 8313 Euclid avenue, Cleveland, is now in South America, if som^ obstreperous cruiser has not questioned the nature of the steamship Vasari's cargo. On the 9th of January Mr. Rawlins sailed for Buenos Ayres, and was scheduled to visit Bahia, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Santos, Montcvi(irr), T'rufjuay. He will spend some time at Buenos Ayres and fiom there will travel across the continent to Valparai.so, Chili. He will also visit Santiago, Chili; Mol- lendo. P,nh"vi,-i ; Lima, Peru, and Guayaquil, Ecuador. He v.ill tr,\.l the Western coast of South America to the "hi'j. 'lit
  • 07. He was a member of the Torrey Botanical ' i mica! seminary of the University of Nebraska, i t Srirnce of St. Louis, the Washington Academ\ ; : - th.- Wild Flower Pres- ervation Society, the Amernan lon^iry .\ssociation and the .American Breeders Association. Frederick A. Russell Frederick A. Russell, 60, a member of Russell & Lawrie, retail druggisU, Tarrytown, N. Y., died at his home in that city from Bright's disease. He had been confined to his bed for 10 weeks. Mr. Russell was liom at Marion near Rochester, N. Y., but received his professional education in New York City. He at one time conducted the store in Irvington, now known as the Barr pharmacy. Twenty-one years ago with James T. Lawrie, he established the drug business referred to above, which is located at Broadway and Main street. Mr. Russell was for 13 years treasurer of Tarry- town and had actively advocated many of the improvfments in that village. He was a charter member of Kyk-Uit council. Royal .Arcanum, and a member of the New York State Phar- maceutical .Association and the Westchester County Pharma- ceutical .Association. He was a frequent attendant at the meetings of the New York Pharmaceutical Conference in this city. Besides his wife, Mary A. Russell, two children. Miss Marie .A. Russell and Frederick A. Russell, survive. RECENT DEATHS —George W. Finney, 63, retired druggist of Uhrichsville, O., died recently after a long illness of paralysis. Last sum- mer, because of ill health Mr. Finney was obliged to give up his drug store on Grant street. Last September he was striken w itli luiralysis, which confined him to his bed where he liail leniaiiinl . i mik ,■, He was born in Holmes county, ()1mii, and .si I tied ni Tin ielis\illc when quite young. In 1874 he opened a dvw^ store at Dennison. He was married in Uhrichsville in 1873 !Mr. Finney was one of Dennison's most prominent citizens and had been trustee of Mill township, member of the city council, member of the board of education and city clerk at Dennison. He was an Odd Fellow and a Mason. His wife and one son survive. —Dr. James J. Brophy, pharmacist at the New Jersey state prison, died recently at his apartments in the Aleda Hotel, Trenton. Death was due to pneumonia, from which he had suffered for some time. Dr. Brophy was never mar- ried. He was born at AUentown, N. J., fifty-four years ago. .After receiving a common school education he graduated with the degree of doctor of pharmacy. He afterwards opened a drug store in AUentown, which he conducted for many years. He was appointed pharmacist at the state prison about fifteen years ago and filled the position with great credit. He was a Mason of high degree and a prominent member of other or- ganizations. — George E. Halsey, 73, druggist of Chicago, prepared to visit his daughter at Moline, la., where he expected to re- store his health. He died at Hahnemann hospital, Chicago. Mr. Halsey had been ill for some time with diabetes and had been confined for several weeks in the hospital. All ar- rangements had been made to take him to Moline, but his condition suddenly grew worse and his death was very yuJiien, being unexpected even by the attending physicians. Mr. Hal- sey is said to have made a fortune in tlie homeopathic remedy business. .At the time of his death he was the owner of the Halsey Homeopathic ph,'.r.T„-cv on Sta*e stre;t. — John Temple, 81, prominent druggist of Galesburg, III., formerly with the old Greenleaf Drug Co. of that City and a G. A. R. veteran, is dead. He was born at Darlington, Eng- land, January 8, 1834. He came to Canada in 1857, and shortly thereafter to Galesburg. He enlisted in Company E, 17th Illinois volunteers, at the outbreak of the Civil war, but later served as hospital steward on "The City of Mem- phis." At the close of the war he entered the Greenleaf Drug Co., where he remained for more than 20 years. His wife and three of eight children survive him. —Jacob Jesson, 65, died at his home in Ontario, Cal. Mr. Jesson was a prominent druggist in Muskegon, Mich., 20 years ago, having served on the Michigan State Board of Phar- macy from 1885 to 1892. For six years he was a member of the board of supervisors of Muskegon county. He was born at Vamitz, Denmark, and came to the United States when nine years of age, settling with his parents at Sycamore, III. His wife, two daughters and two sons survive him. The funeral was held under the auspices of the Masonic lodges of Ontario. — J. C. Ederhardt, druggist of La Grange, Mo., and form- erly a traveling salesman for the Aldo Sommers Drug Co., of Quincy, 111., committed suicide by taking poison. Two notes were left by the deceased, one telling the mayor of La Grange that the poison was working faster than his pen, the other being addressed to Aldo Sommers, of Quincy. The motive for his deed is unknown. He worked for the Quincy drug firm 20 years and formerly conducted a drug store at Palmyra. He was about 59 years old. —William Lott Hankins, for 50 years proprietor of a drug store in Princeton, N. J., and personally known to thousands of Princeton university alumni, died at the home of his son-in-law at Brooklyn in his 84th year. He lived in Princeton until eight years ago, when he went to Brooklyn. During his many years in the university town he was a regular attendant at all the athletic sports held by the students and was a source of information concerning the athletes of bygone days. Mr. Hankins was a graduate of the Philadelphia Col- lege of Pharmacy. A daughter survives. —John Tull died at his home in Waynesville, N. C. He was a former resident of Morganton, where he had lived for about 30 years and was the pioneer druggist. He conducted a drug store for 25 years at a location which is yet familiarly known as the Tull corner. During his residence in Morgan- ton he was one of the most influential men of the town, having been mayor for many years and taking a prominent part in all public affairs. Since leaving Morganton he managed a 174 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [April, 1915 drug store at Waynesville. His widow and five children sur- vive. — Alfred H. Snyder, 74, for 25 years engaged in the drug business at South Bend, Ind., died at his home in that city. He had been ill one year. For many years he was a member of the firm of Snyder & Busbv on South Michigan street, which business was taken over about 10 years ago by Ralph H. Woods and Frank Streibel. Mr. Snyder was born at Sharon Springs, N. Y., and came to South Bend 34 years ago. He had retired from active business life. His widow, a daughter and a son survive. — Robert A. Roe, former assemblyman and city pharmacist at Paterson, N. J., who died recently was buried at Holy Sepulchre, the services being impressively military. A firing squad of 30 members of the Fifth Regiment fired three volleys over the grave, and a Fifth regimental bugler sounded taps. Many Spanish war veterans attended tlie funeral, at which the hospital corps of the Fifth regiment was also present. The pall bearers were members of this corps. Mr. Roe was an Elk. — Frobe J. Lagasse, New Bedford, Mass., died at his residence in that city after a long illness. He was a charter member of the Federation Franco-American, branch No. 2, and was a retired druggist. In 1884 he was engaged as an employe by Pease & Dandurand. Four years later he pur- chased an interest in Lussier & Lagasse. He was connected with that business until about three months ago. His widow and two children survive. — Phillip Vollmer, 71, a former druggist and a wellknown resident of Louisville, Ky., died at the Old Masons' home, Shelbyville. Mr. Vollmer was born in Louisville and sr. most of his life there. He served in the Union army durin'i the Civil war. At its close he engaged in the drug business. He conducted a store at Wenzel and Jefferson street, ard later at Preston and Chestnut streets. He went to the O'd Masons' home last September. A son and a daughter survive. —Frank D. Osborne, 30, the first Bettendorf, la., post- master and the first man to open a drug store in that town, died at the home of his parents at Davenport. He had been ill for some time with Bright's disease. He was a graduate of the University of Michigan and was for one year head chemist at the Davenport glucose plant. Mr. Osborn's pleas- ing personality had won him many friends. • — James W. McMurray, 58, Nashville, Tenn., died in an infirmary in that city following an illness of several months. He was a resident of Nashville for the past quarter of a century, and had been prominendy identified in local whole- sale drug circles. Before connecting with the Berry-De Mo- ville Co. he was a traveling salesman. His wife and five children .survive. — Milton Sab.ath, 38, president of the Maritime Drug Co., New York, died of a complication of diseases at his home in Brooklyn. A wife survives. He was a member of Adelphi lodge, F. and A. M., and the United Brothers of Manhattan. — Elihu Mix, formerly with Schieffelin & Co., died at Rockford, 111., on March 17. He was interred at Noroton, Conn. — Isaac H. McComas, 28 years old and for several years a traveling salesman for Parke, Davis & Co., died at his home in North, S. C, on February 28, according to a telegram re- ceived at Baltimore by his aunt with whom he had lived for a number of years. Mr. McComas went to South Carolina last August because of ill health. He was born in Frederick county, Md., and leaves a widow. — Joseph W. Massot, druggist in various municipal in- stitutions at St. Louis, Mo., for nearly 20 years, and for the past nine years druggist at the City sanitarium, died recently following an illness of eight months. His father, the late Eugene L. Massot, was for many years a wellknown druggist at Fourth and Spruce streets. A widow and six children survive. — John A. Bartlett, veteran druggist of Cleveland, O., died following an operation at Lakeside hospital. He was born at Boonton, N. J., in 1855, and came to Cleveland in 1881. He conducted a drug store at Harvard avenue and Broadway S. E. He was a director of the Provident Building and Loan association and of the Broadway Y. M. C. A. — PIenry L. Strohmeyer, head of the firm of Strohmeyer & Co., druggists, Milwaukee, died on Feb, II at the age of 63 years. Mr. Strohmeyer was born in Milwaukee and had been engaged in the drug business at 565 Third street for many years. He was a member of the Masonic order. Mr. Stroh- meyer is survived by three brothers and two sisters. — James Leedom Kooker, druggist, Philadelphia, lied at his home, 13th and Diamond streets. Since January he has suffered with liver trouble. He was a graduate of l-hiladel- phia C. P., class of '81, had conducted a store at 3 3th anily newspaper in his city, beginning the day before the sale, and running it three days. wherrett-mize drug co's plan C. J, IMount, the newly elected president and general manager. of the Wherrett-Mize Drug Co., Atchison, Kansas, is nothing, if not original. Upon taking charge of the plant, he found the company in the old-time rut of sending repre- sentatives to small towns, often four times a month where the monthly purchases did not not amount to $150, and of giving various discounts to compete with other houses. In following this practice, he ar- gued that no house could build up a prosperous busi- ness and maintain the respect and confidence of the trade by giving one man 5'^'' dis- count and his neighbor, wIkisi- money was just as good, only 1% for cash. He therefore announced to the trade that effective January 1, the only discounts of his company would be 1% on drugs and 2% on sundries, and that no deviation from this policy would be permitted, unless the dealer would sign the "co- C. J. Mount operative sales contract" he originated. This contract provides that tlie dealer shall send his orders by mail to the company, which will then bill the goods out at the lowest published Missouri River prices, and upon re- ceipt within ten days of the full amount of the invoice the company will send to the dealer a check for 5% covering everything on the order, thus eliminating the troubles and dissatisfaction incident to a special discount on a restricted list of purchases. In the practical operation of this co-opera- tive plan, IVIr. Mount informs the Era, the proposition has been very successful, and it has made it possible for the com- pany to reduce its sales force from twelve to six representa- tives within a few months with an increased volume of busi- ness. By the end of the year he expects to be able to further reduce the traveling force to three representatives who will visit contract customers three or four times a year, introducing new specialties, and ironing out any little differences that may arise between the company and customers. According to Mr. Mount, this innnovation has passed the experimental stage and promises to revolutionize the whole- sale drug business of the country. That the traveling sales- man is not a good fellow, is not the question, but rather one should ask "Can the retail druggist afford the luxury of con- tributing to their support?" Mr. Mount believes that this modem idea of merchandizing is good, for it means a sub- stantial saving to the retailer and enables him to compete with the mail order houses and also to do a larger volume of busi- ness on a smaller amount of capital, eliminating the «necessity of his buying quantity lots in order to get the best discounts. The Wherrett-Mize Co. is incorporated under the laws of the State of Kansas with a capital, fully paid up, of $250,000. It occupies its own re-inforced fire-proof, concrete building in Atchison, a structure that has been described as modern "to the last tick of the clock." DRUGGISTS — PLEASE NOTICE We are trying to compile a complete list of all co-operative buying companies and clubs in connec- tion with the retail drug trade, and we will thank our subscribers to send us information in regard to any such to which they belong. In each case please send us the correct name of the company or club as well as its address and the name of one or more of its officers or managers. "We are anxious to make this list complete and will appreciate the co-operation of our subscribers. Please address, Era Druggists Directory, No. 3 Park Place, New York. 176 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [April. 1915 MOVIES ON "PATENT MEDICINE FAKIRS' CONTEST OVER HUSBAND'S ESTATE Health Department warns Show Patrons against Pro- prietary Medicines whose "Claims are Always Cunning- Lies" Dr. S. S. Goldwater. since his appointment as head of the New York City Department of Health, has waged "persistent opposition to proprietary medicines in general, and particularly has he arrayed himself against the makers of so-called "nos- trums", whose claims for the therapeutic value of their reme- dies he believes to be extravagant and unfounded. In line with this policy, the local department has had prepared and has recently furnished to some of the moving picture houses in this city a lantern slide for projection upon their screens, warning all patrons of these shows against "patent medicine fakirs" whose "claims are always cunning lies". A reproduc- ADVICE^ From The Department of Health, G 1 of New 'York I\fJ\|'mMake the Patent Medieine ItiiilJ. Faket- Rieh! ---- His elaims are cdwcofs ewming lies. Kei\ Feel Sick Go to M)ur Family Doctor. He isyoup Best Friend. tion of this slide is here shown and which has been exhibited in some of the houses in New York, though others, we have been informed, have declined to use it. The comment has been made that the Board of Health has authority to close up places of amusement which do not con- form to its requirements, and in view of this fact, it might be reasonable to suppose that the majority of the smaller houses would feel under some compulsion to use the film, whether the proprietors of the houses agree with the arguments set forth or not. It is probable, however, that the assumption upon which this comment is based, is not so very important. But the fact that the slide originated with the health authorities may be taken as evidence of the uncompromising attitude of the department against the manufacturers of proprietary medi- cines. Whether the method employed to advertise physicians is in line with the code of ethics of that profession is a ques- tion to which more than one answer can be given. Owl Drug Co. "Takes Off Its Hat" The Owl Drug Co., of San Francisco, sends tlic Era a copy of the Examiner of February 21, containing an a,350 by a Mrs. Hattie Aiken, of Atlanta, Ga. Mrs. .Mken bases her suit, which was filed recently in the United States District Court, upon the allegation that she was arrested without ground on the charge of obtaining money under false pretences, at the instance ot ]Mr. Rosenthal, and was confined in the Cincinnnati jail, of whose accommodations she speaks in the lowest terms. She asserts that she contracted indigestion, bronchitis and rluunuitisni during her confinement in the jail, hence ;he suit. Whitney Bill Abandoned and Compromise Sanctioned .\ll>anv, ^l.inh _M At a conference of representatives of the Xi \>. A" IK 1 harmaceutical .\ssociation, the State Board of l i n ; k ;. i ^i those interested in the anti-narcotic rru.'^a^l^■ in Niw \ oik City, it was agreed to abandon the Whitney bill, modify its provisions and insert them in the hill iif .\sscnil>lynKin Bloch, which at the time of this re- jiort is on second hearing in tlie Assembly. The compromise bill requires that the druggists refilling a prescription calling for a minimum amount of a narcotic shall first assure himself that it is for the person for whom originally compounded. To ]iie\ent (hiplicate order blanks, it was agreed that the Federal l.iw Manks could be approved by the State Commis- sioner of Ilealili, and blanks under the State laws permitted in case the Federal law was declared unconstitutional. One provision of the Bloch bill requires physicians to make a physical examination of a patient each time before giving him a drug cure. The compromise bill also requires druggists to keep a record of all drugs used in compounds, to preven' druggists from selling narcotics across the counter and render their accounting by saying they had used them in medicinal Apkil, liJlOj THE PIIAR.MACEUTICAL EKA LIQUOR LICENSE LEGISLATION FAILS Present Law, which Permits Druggists to sell Spirits in Massachusetts, not to be Repealed Boston, March 5. — The battle against the druggists liquor license has been fought, and the druggists' license will con- tinue for another year at least. In the committee hearings before the committee on Public Health the opponents of the bill, led by the Massachusetts Anti-Saloon League appeared, in large force, and every member of the legislature receivp-d a printed pamphlet containing reasons why the druggisU' license should be repealed. President Frank J. Campbell c/i the Mas- sachusetts State Pharmaceutical Association, for'nier President L. G. Heinriu of Holyoke. Hon. Hugh O'PvOurke of Wor- cester and Representative Edmond P. Tai;DOt of Fall River, all appeared to remonstrate against am; tinange in the law. The committee on public health, with two dissenters, gave the petitioners for the legislation, leave to withdraw. Yester- day, in the House, the advocates, of the legislation, under the leadership of Representative O^theron of Beverly, attempted to overturn the adverse commit tee report. He declared that tliis ! :;s!,tiM' was favo'--ed a year ago in the report of the utee on 'Ine investigation of drunkenness in the it the commission declared it to be their belief ■>latioii would tend to decrease drunkenness. On t. kie said that the amount of liquor sold by M-assachusetts was far more than could reasonably ' o be used for medicinal purposes, which was the why druggists were permitted to sell it at all. lared it was unfair to permit druggists to engage r business on such an extensive scale as they do, iur .: irninal price of $1 when very high license fees for ' those e->igaged in the business are required from others. Representative Mulveney, in opposition, said the bill was not needed, as under the present law the State Board of ^ Registration in Pharmacy has the power to close any drug- ' ito 'c which fails to carry on its business in a satisfactory man- ner. Representative Lewis of Lowell, a druggist, pointed out ' ftiat every citj' and town had the remedy in its own hands at ' uU times, in its power to refuse to grant any druggists licenses. [ The motion to substitute the bill for the adverse report was \ adopted on a rising vote, 71 to 68. A roll call was demanded, tnd then by a vote of 98 to 129 substitution was refused, and th-" idverse report was accepted. 300 REXALL JUNIORS BANQUET i Boston, March 24. — Three hundred New England Rexall I clerks gathered at the Hotel Brunswick for the second "Get ■ Together " dinner of the New England Rexall Juniors, given • by the proprietors of the Re.xall stores. Louis K. Liggett, k president of the United Drug Company, was the principal ■ speaker. "The great problem of the company today", he de- j clared. "is to find the kind of men adapted for the running ' of its stores. It requires just as good a man to run a store f that does only a $150-a-day business as it docs to run one • doing a $l,000-a-day. For that reason the company does not intend to acquire any more stores so situated that they will do a business as small as the former sum, profitable though J that is." Mr. Liggett insisted that no good results could come \ from a salesman arguing with a customer. "A good salesman » will alv.ays agree with the customer, no matter if the latter ' says that black is white." > Newton Newkirk, James C. Brady and Fred Rogers, the ' last t'.vo being directors, were the other speakers. Mr. Brady ( recalled the founding of the company 14 years ago in the very |, room of the banquet. Charles E. Muman acted as toast- } master Mr. Muman and Walter J. Willson, the latter edi- tor of ' Rexall Advantages," made all the arrangements for I the affair. • ■ Blker-Hegeman Co. Annual Meeting Interesting j At the recent annual meeting of the Riker-Hegeman Drug I Co., the board of directors was reduced from 14 to 12 mem- I bcrs. The retiring directors are F. I. Becton, J. H. Marshall, I" E. D. Cahoon and George Ramsey. The two new directors y are William J. Narcross and Sidney S. Whelan. J. H. Flag- jj ler was elected chairman. Wilbur J. Rash was elected vice- I president to succeed John S. Alley, who was elected president \ to succeed Alfred H. Cosden, resigned. Herbert S. Collins and R. B. Wattley r'V;main as vice-president and treasurer, re- spectively. D. J . Cotter was elected secretary. Mr. Alley joined the Jaynes Drug Co., of Boston, in 1898, and became general ma'.iager of that company. He came to this city in January, 1914, as vice-president of the Riker-Hegeman Drug Co. Hft is 45 years of age. HARRISON NARCOTIC LAW IN THE MAKING About 5,000 Applications for Registration in Balti- more District — Provisions Easy for Druggists, but Exacting for Physicians Baltimore, March 2. — The effect of the Harrison Anti-Nar- cotic law taxing and regulating the sale of narcotics and habit- forming drugs and all their compounds, is not expected to be immediate, especially since it is thought that the persons who have been engaged in illegal traffic laid in considerable sup- plies of drugs in anticipation of the restrictions to be im- posed. It is believed here that the compulsory keeping of records and systems of double 'checking will bring about a great de- crease in the drug habit after a time. The necessity of every physician having to go on record is also expected to have a big moral effect. One physician, for instance, called at the office of the Internal Revenue Collector recently, and said he had two patients, one of whom drank a pint of laudanum a day, while the other took 100 grains of morphine a week. He said that if these persons were de- prived of the drugs they would in all probability go crazy and kill somebody, but tliat he did not want to go on record as dispensing the drugs in such quantities, and that the two persons would have to get another physician. About 5,000 applications as dispensers of drugs had been filed in the Inter- nal Revenue office here. The Harrison law received special consideration at a joint meeting of the City Medical Society, and of the Maryland Pharmaceutical Association, held re- cently. .At this meeting Dr. H. P. Hynson, of Hynson, West- cott & Co., gave a history of the agitation which resulted finally in the enactment of tlie law. He stated that prior to 1904 the Governor of the Philippines reported that he was having much trouble with the growth of the drug habit among the Chinese of the Archipelago, who grew lazy and vicious under the influence of opium and became exceedingly difficult to deal with. President Roosevelt appointed a commission, with Bishop Brent of the Episcopal Church, as chairman, to study the problem. Dr. Hamilton Wright, of Vermont, was made a member of the commission, and its inquiries extended to other fields, including eventually various other countries, among them Turkey and Persia, where observations similar to those conducted by the Governor of the Philippines had been made. The Commission met in February, 1909, at Shanghai and can- vassed the whole situation, with the result of making suitable recommendations, which Senator Cullom embodied in a bill. The provisions of the measure, however, were found to be so drastic that the bill failed, its requirements in the main being embodied later in a bill introduced by Congressman Foster of Vermont. The proper committee held hearings at Washington, which were productive of a great diversity of views, the various interests sending representatives and arguing the problem solely from their own point of view. It was at this stage that Dr. Hynson, who had gone to Washington along with other Baltimoreans to submit the views of pharmacists from this city, suggested that the dif- ferent pharmaceutical organizations name delegates to a general trade conference, at which the druggists could get together on what they wanted, so that their proposals might receive the united backing of all. This was done, with conspicuous suc- cess, the bill as finally passed embracing the recommendations made by the conference. The physicians, it api)ears, were greatly interested in the bill in so far as it affected their profession, and they had brought much influence to bear with the object of making the pro- visions of the act as light as possible for them and as hard as practicable for the druggists. By one of those peculiar combi- nations of circumstances which sometimes occur to shape mat- ters, the bill, as finally pas.sed. made it comparatively easy for the druggists, but proved to be very exacting for the physi- cians, who are now in the position of having to register and otherwise conform to requirements from which they sought to be exempt. 178 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [April, 1915 N. J. PH. A. AMENDS ITS flHABMACY BILL Section 13 has been Subjected to changes several times and is presented in its entin°ty The legislative committee of the New Jersey State .Pharma- ceutical Association has made the following changes lin the original draft of its proposed new State pharmacy act: Page 3, Section No. 2, line 22 : Change "may" to "shall." Page 7, Section No. 6: Change the wording of the proviso, lines 21-26, to read as follows: "Provided, however, that the requirements of this section of the act relating to the certificate of preliminary education and to graduation from a school of pharmacy shall not become effective until three years after the passage and approval of this act, nor shall these requirements apply to any applicant for regis- tration as a pharmacist who was a graduate of pharmacy at the time of the passage of this act or who may become a graduate of a school of pharmacy within a period of three years after the passage and approval of this act." Page 9, Section 10, line 4: After the word "applicant" intro- duce: "for," Page 9, Section 10, line 18: After the word "license" intro- duce: "or a certificate" Page 9, Section 10, line 20: Before the word "certificate" introduce the words: "license or a" Section 13, which has been changed several times, now reads : The proprietor of any store or establishment, other than a pharmacy, who shall hereafter sell or offer for sale any drug enumerated in schedules A or B of this act or any medicinal article or patented or proprietary remedy known to contain any such ingredient in such quantity or form as in the opin- ion of said Board of Pharmacy may be dangerous to human life, shall be termed a licensed storekeeper in drugs and must first procure from the Board of Pharmacy of the State of New Jersey a license as a licensed storekeeper in drugs; to be licensed as a licensed storekeeper in drugs, the applicant must be not less than twenty-one years of age, of good moral char- acter, and if the applicant is satisfactory to the board, and upon payment of a fee of one dollar, the said board shall, if satisfied that the applicant is a proper person to engage in the selling of such drugs, issue to him a license as a store- keeper within the meaning of this act; such license shall be numbered and dated and contain a schedule of such drugs and medicinal preparations, other than proprietary medicines, as shall be permitted to be sold in original packages as put up by and bearing the label of a registered pharmacist or a repu- table pharmaceutical manufacturer; the license shall not be transferable and must be conspicuously displayed in the store of storekeeper to whom issued, and this license shall entitle the holder thereof to conduct only the licensed store for which it is granted, and must be renewed the first week in January of each and every year, a renewal fee of one dollar to be paid therefor; anyone violating this section shall, upon convic- tion, be liable to a penalty of not more than fifty dollars, to- gether with the cost of the prosecution. Page 11, Section 14, line 16: After the words "section shall" introduce the following words: "be guilty of a misdemeanor and" Page 13, Section 16: Omit lines 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, and on line 43 the words "of the State of New Jersey." Page 13, Section 16, line 44: Strike out the following words: "and the additions provided for in this section," Page 14, Section 16, Schedule A, line 79 : After "opium" in- troduce the following words: "or one-quarter {Y^) grain of morphine or one (1) grain of codeine or one-eighth (^) grain -of diacetyl rnorphine (heroin)" Page 16, Section No. 17, lines 32-33: Change "one-half grain of codeine" to "one (1) grain of codeine." The purpose of these changes in Schedule A, Section 16, and in Section 17, is to make the State law comply with the Har- rison law. The legislative committee has also had introduced in the State Assembly bill No. 123, which is an act to regulate the sale of narcotics and requires the original prescription of a duly licensed practitioner of medicine, dentistry or veterinary medicine for transactions in cocaine, betaeucaine, alphaeucaine, tropocaine, novocaine, stovaine, alypin, or any salt, derivative or chemical compound of any of these substances, or any pre- paration, admixture or compound containing of these sub- stances or their salts, derivatives or chemical compounds. Such written order or prescription must be signed by the prescriber. The bill also requires a prescription for the dispensing, etc., of chloral hydrate, opium, morphine, heroin, codeine, ethylmor- phine (dionin), diacetyl morphine (heroin), or any salt, de- rivative or cheniical compound of any of these substances, or -any preparation, adini.xlure or compound containing any of the foregoing substances or their salts, derivatives or chemical compociinds. Such written order or prescription must be dated and signeu' by the prescriber, and he must write thereon the name and aoldress of the patient. Refilling is limited to pre- scriptions contaiining minimum quantities of narcotic. Prepa- rations containing c(.='rtain minimum quantities of narcotics are e-xempt from the presci-iption requirement, as are also lini- ments, ointments or piasters marked "for external use." For legitimate reasons professional practitioners may sell or give away any of the subsi'ances enumerated. Disposition, without a legitimate reason, co.nstitutes a misdemeanor. The bill also makes it possible for .any manufacturing chemist, wholesale druggist regularly engaged Sn the business of selling drugs, or any registered pharmacist, to sell, supply or deliver any of the substances, salts, derivatives, admixtures, com- pounds mentioned, upon the written order of another manu- facturing chemist, wholesaler, or of a registi^red pn rmacist, licensed practitioner of medicine, dentistry or veterinar ■ medi- cine, or to sell to hospitals, colleges, scientific or public insti- tutions, or to the sale of opium and the preparations thereof, or its alkaloids, their salts and derivatives, upon th» written order of a known manufacturer of proprietary - = for the purpose of such manufacture, etc. DRUG TRADE TO BOOM PHILADELPx, . A Philadelphia, March 12 — One of the greatest demonstrat.ions designed toward business progressiveness was made in tJiis city recently, when 600 business men, assembled at a diimi=r in the Manufacturers' Club and jointly assumed the leader- ship in a movement to bring to Philadelphia that share of the trade of the world which they consider rightfully belongs to them. The principal subject of discussion was the question of the merger of the trade bodies of this city into one larg^ central organization, a subject which in 1913 received consider- able attention. All present were agreed that now -.vas the opportune time and favorable action on the merger was urged, port development demanded, and a note of warning was s' and treasurer of the Wm. R. Warner & Co.; Miers Busch and Clayton F Shoe- maker; Milton Campbell, president H. K. Mulford Co., and Henry C. Tnimbower, secretary and treasurer of John Wyeth & Bro., Inc., Three Features Mark Jersey City Druggists' Banquet The Jersey City (N. J.) Druggists' .Association recently held a banquet at the Berkeley club which ser\-ed to en^phasize three events in the retail drug trade of that city. These were the election of a Jersey City man, John C. Gallagher to the presi- dence of the State association, the return of F. A. Bongartx from Europe and the retirement of John S. Bras from tiie drug business. In the absence of President C. A. Cole, the secretary', Luke C. Heinz, officiated as toastmaster. The speakers were Dr. John A. Chard. .\. M. Piatt, president of the New Jersey Pharmaceutical Travelers' .\ssociation : F. A. Bongartz. John C. Gallagher, C. J. McCloskey. John G Block, the Hudson county member of the membership committee of the N. J. Ph. A., and George W. Buckens. Ralph Whiting, tlie son of a pharmaceutical traveling man and a former member of the "Merry Widow" company, sang a number of selections. Mr. !McCloskey directed his remarks to the business side of pharmacy and advocated the establishment of a firm bank credit by every druggist laying stress also on the necessity of taking advantage of cvcr>' discount, etc Mr. Buckens had charge of the arrangements for the affair, which proved very enjoyable. April, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 179 News from Associations SEMI-MONTHLY -'JOURNAL" PROPOSED A. Ph. A.'s Publicity Unsatisfactory, Gist of Paper Read before N. Y. Branch — Remedy Suggested The presentation of a paper entitled "A Plan for a more Serviceable A. Ph. A. Journal," by its author, R. P. Fischelis was the leading feature of the March meeting of the New York branch of tlie American Pharmaceutical Association, held at the New York College of Pharmacy. The author suggested the division of tlie journal into two numbers to appear semi-monthly, one number to contain papers and pro- ceedings of the association and its branches, the other the editorials, news items, etc. The paper was discussed by Otto Raubenheimer, Dr. Wm. C. IMansfield, Caswell A. Mayo and Dr. Joseph Mayer, and was referred, by motion, to the pub- lication committee of the parent body with the endorsement of the branch. Mr. Fischelis stated in his paper that it has been apparent to many members of the A. Ph. A. for some time that the Journal is not giving as satisfactory service as was to be expected from the contentions of tliose who advocated discon- tinuing the issuance of a volume of annual proceedings and substituting therefore a monthly journal. The author ex- plained that he did not purpose to criticize the past or present management of the Journal, but rather was desirous of out- lining a plan by which tlie Journal could be made to serve the members of the association with greater satisfaction. The following taken from Mr. Fischelis' paper is especially interesting in that it accords with the observ'ations of speakers at previous meetings of the branch: "Modem journalism of any type demands that news be presented to the reading public as concisely and expeditiously and yet as fully as possible. Members of the American Pharmaceutical Association who present papers at its meetings or at meetings of its local branches are not permitted, according to the by-laws to publish these papers elsewhere until after they have appeared in the Association's Journal. Such a re- quirement would be just, if the papers were published within two, three, four or even six months of the date of presentation, but when a member presents a paper at one meeting of the Association and fails to see it printed in the Journal until a full year has elapsed, it is questionable whether he will think it worth his while to contribute future papers of any importance to the Association, for only a very small percentage of the members are in a position to attend the annual meetings and besides, there is never sufficient time to read all of the papers presented; so it is really through their publication that mem- bers expect to bring their views before the pharmaceutical public. It should be the function of the Journal to serve the members of the American Pharmaceutical Association in such a way as to at least compare favorably with the publicity obtainable through the balance of the pharmaceutical press in this country." In brief, the author's proposition is as follows: "While th- American Pharmaceutical Association is big enough, in every sense of the word, to support a weekly jour- nal, it would perhaps seem like too great a leap to take at once, to urge a weekly publication at present. "Conditions are such, however, that one need not hesitate to strongly advocate a semi-monthly publication of the Journal. If we had two issues of the Journal each month some of the material available could be presented in a manner somewhat as follows: Assuming that the dates of publication would be the first and fifteenth of each month, the issue appearing on the first of each month could contain the editorials, selected articles, local branch, college and other news, legal items and reports of council business. "The issue appearing on the fifteenth of each month could then be devoted to the publication of the papers presented, at the meetings of the Association and its local branches to- gether with discussions upon them, contributed articles, ani. any special features of scientific or general pharmaceutical interest which the editor and the publication committee ma> deem wise to publish." The paper contains other very pertinent details, and in- asmuch as it must first be published in the Journal, those inter- ested will have an opportunity to test out some of the author's observations. Otto Raubenheimer also presented a paper, which was en- titled ".-V Review of the British Pharmacopoeia," and in the course of its persual he advanced the opinion that this book of standards was not as good as it should be. Mr. Rauben- heimer, in his reference to the substitution of the term "mil" for cubic centimeter in the B. P., stated that the revision com- mittee of the U. S. P. had also decided to make this change. Caswell A. Mayo, president of the A. Ph. A., presented the following motion, which was unanimously adopted : "Be it resolved, that the New York branch protests against the adoption of the term 'mils' for 'Cc' and that the Chair- man of the Revision Committee of the U. S. P. be requested' to call for another vote on the question." Dr. William C. Anderson, chairman of the committee on education and legislation, presented an extensive report. He observed that it was gratifying to note the quick response of the retail drug trade to the requirements of the Harrison act. He explained some of the more recent rulings of the Internal Revenue Department regarding this law. In this- connection he pointed out that a ruling requiring the pharma- cist to make a record of the disposition made of all narcotics purchased, had been unofficially made by the department. A communication from Caswell A. Mayo, as secretary of the New York Pharmaceutical Conference, was read, re- questing that the branch send delegates to the conference and asking financial support for that organization. A motion was carried to the effect that the branch appoint three delegates. Dr. Jacob Diner opposed this action, protesting that the branch, as representing the A. Ph. A., should not concern itself with matters of local legislation. His view was con- tested by Dr. Anderson and Mr. Mayo. Dr. George C. Diekman, chairman of the committee on the progress of pharmacy, read an interesting report con- taining numerous abstracts from various publications. Cal- monal, a calcium-bromide-urethan compound is recommended as hypnotic without narcotic effect. Durolit is a lacquer pre- pared according to a patented process and is said to resist hot solutions of alkalis. Normal opium is the name suggested for opium containing definite quantities of morphine, codeine, narcotine and meconic acid. Professor Kopert-Rostock states in the Phar. Zentralhalle that he considers artificial camphor free from poisonous properties. A long list of specialties were also included in the report. By letter, President John Roemer suggested that the branch hold its meetings semi-monthly. Secretary Jeannot Hostmann was instructed to embody the suggestion in the notices for the next meeting. Several representatives of the Board of Health and the Bureau of Standards were present at the meeting and a dis- cussion of the "Standardization of Pharmaceutical Graduates" resulted in the president being empowered to appoint a com- mittee to further consider the matter. This action was pro- vided for in the following motion, which was adopted : "Be is resolved, that the New York branch of the Ameri- can Pharmaceutical Association approves of the spirit of the suggested standardization of graduates as proposed by the Bureau of Standards of the New York Board of Estimate and Ap- portionment and that the president appoint a committee of three to discuss the matter with the representatives of the Bureau." S. Meyer, of College Point, was proposed for membership by President Roemer and unanimously elected. Detroit Branch The third meeting of the Detroit Branch of the k. Ph. A. was held at the Wayne County Medical Building. Mr. Seltzer, in a report for the Committee on Legislation stated that some amendments to the present Michigan phar- macy law had been drawn up by the Committee, aided by Mr. Woodruff, and some of these would be presented to the Legislature at it's present sitting. Modifications of the nar- cotic law were especially desireable, and are to be submitted for action. Prof. W. H. Allen called attention to the con^'usion existing with regard to a reliable antidote to mercuric chloride poison- ing, and presented the following resolution, which was adopted' by vote of the Branch : 180 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [April, 1915 "In view of the fact that poisoning by mercuric chloride has increased, and the antidotes at present published do not appear to be always reliable, it is desirable that an investigation be made by the A. Ph. A. to decide upon better antidotes and to publish the same so that pharmacists may have such in- structions to render "first aids", pending the arrival of a phy- sician." Mr. Allen also exhibited a sponge, originally weighing 4 ounces, and the "mud" weighing ounces which he had washed therefrom, and which had undoubtedly been present as a filler, the sponge having been sold by weight. He ob- jected to the reflection on the retail druggist which such' con- ditions bring. The subject was discussed briefly by Messrs. Rohnert, Mann, and others who tended to the view that the selling of sponges is no longer an attractive issue for pharma- cists, many of whom are now discouraging it. W. L. Scoville presented "Three Interesting Incompatibili- ties" with illustrations, — the first being the change of quinine to quinotoxin through the influence of organic acids, and point- ing out an important incompatibility between quinine and aspirin. The second incompatibility is the decomposition of organic acids by ferric salts, induced by light, the acids being reduced to water and carbon dioxide and causing an efferve- scence which may burst a bottle. The third, was a combina- tion of boric and tartaric acids in tablets which proved to be sufficiently active chemically to liberate hydrochloric acid from ammonium chloride. C. F. Mann gave an informal talk, upon the "Relationship between clerk and employer"", pointing out the needs for mutual confidence, mutual forbearance and reasonable expectations on each side, and calling attention to a number of details in carrying out such a policy. Mr. Weaver discussed the subject briefly, stating that he believed that both clerk and employer profited by great expectations on each side rather than by ex- pecting little. Baltimore Branch At the recent meeting of the Baltimore Branch of the A. Ph. A. the following chairmen of standing committees were elected; Membership, Charles Morgan; professional relations, John B. Thomas; education and legislation, Louis Schulze. It was announced that the Internal Revenue Department con- siders it advisable for physicians not to have their registry numbers printed on their prescription blanks, but to write the number on the blank each time he wrote a prescription, for if numbered blanks were used they might fall into the hands of unscrupulous persons who might thus obtain supplies of narcotics until the fraud was discovered. Dr. Charles C. Neal read a very interesting paper on the preservation of galenicals, which was followed by a general discussion, which developed the following points and observa- tions ; Any deterioration, in about one third of the Pharmacopeia preparations, is due to carelessness in preservation or storage. A preliminary sedimentation, rather than precipitation, being in the majority of tinctures and fluid extracts in from a few hours to several weeks after they have been made. After this usually inert sediment. has ceased falling and has been, as it usually is, filtered out, the finished preparation should be practically stable, if kept in proper containers, securely stop- pered, and at a uniformly moderate temperature and protected this ,11. . quesciiii -ii Pou.Imi >l tainer.s but sl,.,ul. powder left on tlu- I \li.u I In a solid U,M,1 irsult of ; |.i...hu,,l in dcli- , out of their con- itula. .'\iiy of the )l the ncrk and cork, will invariably become a solid extract, especially in damp climates, the cork sticks and is generally broken in attempting to remove it. Solid extracts should be taken from the center of the jar and any to be replaced should be dropped in the same place and not wiped from the spatula on the side as hardening of that left there, follows. "No sane man or official will hold a pharmacist for an allowable deterioration in the strength of spirit of nitrous ether, tincture of iodine. Fowler's solution, or similar prepara- tions" was the answer of a state official to a query, but it was pointed out that care must be exercised in making every- thing, especially in making spirit of nitrous ether in small quantities and storing it in small amber bottles. It was also brought out, that, in these and similar cases, the new Pharma- copiea proposed to allow for a slight deficiency or increase in strength. The general use of tap water by some pharmacists was con- demned and its replacement in all preparations by distilled water was advocated. Solution of magnesium citrate made with recently distilled water or boiled and cooled stock distilled water has kept for months and need not be freshly prepared. A case was cited, an account of which appears in the 1911 Proceedings, of a bottle of this solution which showed no signs of decomposi- tion, excepting darkening, after fifteen years. Charles C. IMeyer suggested a unique way in which to pre- pare this solution ; Drop the oil of lemon calculated from the required quantity of syrup of citric acid, on the magnesium carbonate (which must be of U. S. P. quality and not the kind marked for "Technical use only"); place this into all of the distilled water necessary for the finished product, stir well, place the citric acid cr>-stals in a muslin bag and suspend just below the surface of the liquid. Solution will take place rapid- ly and when completed, add sugar, calculated from the re- quired quantity of syrup of citric acid. Filter, bottle, charge, cap with a crown cork and label. He has kept it for eight months and it may keep longer. Stock solutions of the salts of the halogens or of the al- kaloids can be kept for a long time or until used and shown no signs of fungus growth if made with boiled and cooled distilled water. Mr. Meyer brought along a wonderful assortment of appa- ratus, most of which is in regular use about his pharmacy. Among the various and sundry objects in his exhibit were. — • A percolator ring with three movable pins which could be adjusted by thumb screws to take anything from a small fun- nel to a large percolator. An absorbent cotton holder made from a slide covered wood box with a hole in the bottom out of which the cotton protuded. This was kept in an elevated position and small tufts could be pulled away and used for filtering, etc., while the rest of the cotton was kept clean and protected from dust : A box arranged similarly but with a slit in the bottom out of which the end of a roll of bandage gauze protuded. Any length desired for straining or other ]iurposes could be pulled out and cut off with scissors ; A spring holder for rubber stamps for holding graduates bottom up and allowing them to drain without the top coming in contact with a dusty shelf; .\n egg beater for quickly making . iiiiilsioii-,. .\ small'sauor kraut c\itii r for shaping up small pi.i.s ..1 i.istile soap, utili/iii.i; th.- sh.uings for soap liniment: A sill. ill tin machine oil can for liiliim capsules with oil: hand power raiipinu ii.iJiine for c,i]']'ing magnesium citrate solution bolllis with nown caps, costing $6; An irrigating a|.|iiratiis can with tube attaciicd for filling liquids into bot- 1'.^ \ nil I'M- ot other ingenuous things were shown and Mr Mr\,i was looked upon as a wizard. Ml Mu Ihnisi contributed a paper on difficult prescrip- 11,1! , i:i.l l ioimht out that cocaine hydrochloride was incom- i.iiiM with horax in solutions that contained no glycerin. S| 1 i\ siihiti Ts ,1 some of the proprietary mild alkaline anti- s ;,ti, li nn l- \ ! ic h formerly formed precipitates when co- 1 Hi: h\ , ho, 1:1 II 1.1, was added, do not form them now. This 1„ lis ,,ui whit has long been contended, that the manufactur- ers of this cla.ss of medicines are likely to change their formulas from time to time and the dispensing pharmacist may get different reactions as a result. The subject of the salting out of quantities of essential oils in solutions of bromides or other salts in aromatic waters was brought out by a prescription which contained 8 minims of spirit of anise in a two ounce chloroform water solution of sliontiuiii bromide and rcsorcinol. No method of mixing April, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 181 this was devised which produced a clear solution, except to add a small quantity of distilled water and in others by a larger quantity, produced clear solutions. A prescription calling for ammonium- carbonate, syrup of iron iodide and mucilage of acacia caused all sorts of trouble. The best procedure under the circumstances seemed to be to use tragacanth and dissolve the carbonate in half the re- quired quantity of water and mi.x the syrup with the other half, mi.\ tliese two solutions and in the mixture dissolve the tragacanth. In all cases of a precipitate occurring when two soluble substances produce it, tlie rule to follow is as above and to dilute the solutions of each as much as the formula will permit and then mix them. In considering the swelling up of mass capsule prescriptions of antikamnia and citrate caffeine and the prevention of it by using an equivalent amount of caffeine alkaloid, it was brought out that the tablets of antikamnia and codeine, which, here- tofore, contained IS grains codeine sulphate to the ounce, now contain only % grain to the ounce, the manufacturers having gotten ahead of the Harrison act by placing a line between the 1 and the S. Chicago Branch The March meeting of the Chicago Branch of the A. Ph. A. on March 16 was attended by a large number of druggists, the attractive feature being a discussion of the operation of the Harrison Anti-narcotic Law led by the Deputy Col- lector of Internal Revenue at Chicago. Deputy Collector Mehany read the most recent rulings from the Treasury De- partment at Washington and answered many questions. He stated that more than 12,000 applications for registrations had been filed at the Chicago office, that the extra work involved had nearly swamped the office force but that they would soon have things running smoothly. A number of additional in- spectors have already been appointed and a strict enforcement of the law is certain. In the discussion two points were brought prominently fonvard : 1st, the tendency on the part of newspapers to un- justly stigmatize pharmacists as dope sellers, and second; the very exaggerated exploitation of "doping" by the newspapers to furnish "scare-heads". As President Craig put it — every crime in the calendar from chicken stealing to murder is as- cribed to "dope" using or to "dope" fiends. ■ Dr. Beal presented a resolution to the effect that the Branch formally protest against a statement published in the Chicago Tribune over the name of Dr. N. A. Evans. This statement quoted from The Pharmaceutical Journal, was ascribed to a druggist and was to the effect that for every ounce of laudanum used in compounding physician's prescriptions, he sold a gallon over the counter, mostly to dope users. Dr. Beal said that this condition was certainly untrue of American pharmacy and unjust to .-\merican pharmacists and that because a few un- scrupulous or criminal druggists sold dope was not a reason why all professional pharmacists should be so condemned. No more so than because ten thousand persons are arrested, charged with crime, every year in Chicago, every inhabitant of Chicago should be stigmatized as a criminal. The state- ment of one druggist in England to the effect that he sold dope should not be applied to American Pharmacy, and, furthermore. Dr. Beal strongly questioned whether this state- ment by any means represented a general condition of British pharmacy. Wm. Loesch, speaking for the Economical Drug Co., stated that his firm filling more than 400 prescriptions daily, used but two gallons of laudanum in 1914. Jas. H. Wells, also in the loop district of Chicago, affirmed that his store used less than one pint of laudanum annually. W. K. Forsyth in the business district of the South Side stated that he used less than one gallon of laudanum yearly and that most of this was employed in one physician's pre- scriptions for liniments and that he sold no laudanum over the counter. C. F. Storer, a North side druggist uses annually less than one-half gallon of laudanum and this mostly in veterinar>' prescriptions. S. K. Sass, a prominent West Side pharmacist uses not more than 1500 Cc. of laudanum annu- ally and this exclusively in prescriptions and these largely lini- ments. Never sold any over the counter. These statements and other similar ones made by pharma- cists in attendance at the meeting were all positively affirmed to be true and so far as their experience went the same condition is true in most of the other Chicago drug stores. Furthermore, the city code prohibits the sale, except upon pre- scription, of opium and its alkaloids, cocaine and other nar- cotics, and during the past year, despite the fact that a vigor- ous investigation has been carried on so that most of the eleven hundred drug stores in Chicago have been visited, the inspec- tors have been able to convict less than twenty druggists for violation of tliis law. Dr. Beal's resolution was unanimously adopted. Philadelphia Branch President E. Fullerton Cook called the Philadelphia Branch of the A. Ph. A. to order in the Temple College of Pharmacy, where the meeting was held on March 9. The trea.surer's report showed receipts of $99.50 and expenditures of $40.75, leaving a cash balance of $58.75. The programme of the evening included "An Illustrated Description of the U. S. P. IX in various Stages of its Revision," by Prof. Joseph P. Remington ; "The Botany and Pharmacognosy of the U. S. P. IX," by Prof. Kraemer; a summary of the changes in "Standards and Tests for In- organic Chemicals in U. S. P. IX", by Prof. Chas. H. La- Wall; and the "Current Review of Pharmaceutical Journals" by Dr Robert P. Fischelis. After the programme had been concluded, Prof. F. E. Stew- art introduced the following resolution: RESOLVED, That the Philadelphia Branch of the American Pharmaceutical Association hereby suggests to the Senate and House of Representatives of Penn- sylvania that further legislation regarding the sale, possession, distribution and dispensing of habit- forming drugs be held in abeyance until a proper trial shall be given to the recently enacted Harrison Law intended for the control of the same, and that therefore further action regarding the bills now before the Senate and House relating to this subject be post- poned in accordance with this resolution, and RESOLVED, That a copy of this resolution be sent to the several state medical, pharmaceutical and drug organizations asking their cooperation in secur- ing the postponement of further legislation regarding habit-forming drugs until the Harrison Law has been properly tried out as aforesaid. The resolution was seconded by Prof. Remington and passed by ballot. The committee on nominations recommended the following nominations for the various offices of the Branch for 1915-1916, and all were elected by the ballot of the retiring president. The new officers are; President, S. C. Henry; 1st vice-presi- dent, J. W. Sturmer; 2nd vice-president, W. G. Neebig; secre- tary-treasurer, J. Ed. Brewer; Committee — Practical Pharma- cy, Charles LaWall, chairman, O. W. Osterlund and J. C. Peacock; Membership, A. J. Staudts, Quintus Hoch and Frank E. Morgan; Professional Relations, William L. Cliffe, chairman, Francis E. Stewart, M. D., and Franklin M. Apple. Prof. Remington introduced the new officers preceding the introduction with a short eulog>' of each. The Iforthern Ohio Branch of the A. Ph. A. At the recent meeting of the Northern Ohio Branch of the A. Ph. A., held at the Cleveland School of Pharmacy, the following officers were elected for the ensuing year: President, Wm. T. Hankey; vice-president, W. M. Fox; secretary-treasur- er. Prof. P. G. Albrecht; member of the council; L. C. Hopp. After the election of officers. Prof. Albrecht read a very in- teresting paper on the history of chemistry entitled, "The fathers of the science from the time of the Alchemists up to the time of Davy at the beginning of the 19th century". Prof. Wm. C. Alpers, in a short speech mentioned the most promi- nent chemists of the I9th century as Bunsen, Licbig and Woehler. B. A. R. D. Against Coupons iii Package Goods Boston. March 22 — .\t a special meeting of the B. A. R. D. held March 10 it was voted by the following resolution, to condemn the practice of placing coupons in package goods: "Resolved : That we view with disfavor the placing of coupons in package goods by manufacturers, and, therefore, we will discourage the handling of goods containing coupons; and be it further "Resolved: That a copy of these resolutions be sent to all trade papers." 182 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [April, 1915 BROOKLYN DRUGGISTS DISCUSS LAWS Kings Co. Pharmaceutical Society Hears Dong Report on Situation by Dr. Anderson The feature of the Kings County Pharmaceutical Society's March meeting, held at the Brooklyn College of Pharmacy, was an extensive report upon the pharmaceutical legislative situation. State and National, presented by Dr. Wm. C. Anderson, chairman of the committee in charge of that work. Dr. Anderson reported that no action had been taken upon the local Board of Health proprietary preparation label ordi- nance and that the Board of Health's narcotic ordinance affect- ing household preparations sold in this city was being held in abeyance. Dr. Anderson also asserted that some individual was going about the city picking up oldtime patent medicines, preparations which have been laid away on the druggists' shelves for years and which he probably never expected to sell. The purchaser's object might be to "expose" the patent medi- cine "evil," and the druggist should be careful that the pre- parations do not contain narcotics in quantities which would make him liable under the law. The labels on these old pre- parations do not state the quantity of narcotic present. According to Dr. Anderson, a rigid inspection is being made under the cocaine and Boylan laws and druggists should be sure that prescriptions coming under those measures should contain the name in full of the physician and the name of the patient. Prescriptions not written plainly in accordance with the law should be refused. The speaker reported a num- ber of State bills, among them the Evans bill, making a vio- lation of the Boylan law a felony, instead of a misdemeanor ; the Hamilton bill, also making a violation of the Boylan law a felony ; a bill to label all beverages containing more than two per cent, of alcohol with a statement to the effect that ""this beverage is a poison, etc.," this bill being a pet prohi- 'bition measure resurrected; a bill against advertising treat- ment for venereal diseases; the WhiUiey bill making rules of the Board of Pharmacy of the same force as the provisions of the law, requiring that an apprentice shall obtain his ex- perience under the personal supervision of a pharmacist or druggist and in a drug store or a pharmacy, providing that all apprentices shall be registered as such and pay a fee of $1, amending the law relative to the employer's responsibility for his employe's actions, amending the clause relative to pre- scriptions containing minimum quantities of narcotics, and cutting down considerably the schedule of drugs in general stores. The Heffernan bill provides for the sale of bichloride tablets only when of a blue color and triangular in shape. The bill providing for the uniformity of the Boylan and Har- rison laws repeals in the former the necessity of noting the physician's 'phone number. Reporting on National legislation, Dr. Anderson observed that Congress had adjourned. The Page and Stevens bills, he said, would be taken up at the next session. He also strongly advised that the members rigidly observe the pro- visions of the Harrison law, especially inasmuch as it was now being realized that it is the pedlar, and not the retail pharmacist, who is the cause of the traffic. J. H. Rehfuss also discussed the legislative situation He affirmed the assertion that the Harrison law would establish the fact that the druggists are not the chief distributors of narcotics. Speaking on the State association's bill, he stated that a jirotest had been sent to President Wardle, of the N. Y, S. P. A., relative to the subject of employer's respon- sibility He contended that the employer should not be held entirely responsible for the actions of his licensed employes. Mr. Rehfuss' discussion of the proposed amendment of the Boy- lan law led up to a motion by Dr. Andcr.son that the pro- vision requiring the name of the purchaser be deleted and that the "name of the person to whom such sale is made" be rerpiind. The motion w:is n.lMpted. As (li,iiirii,m i.f ilii , . -mniitirr on supervision, T. J. France nporir.i ih.ii III, ,,ii|,.j, N'.Ms 111 an excellent condition- finan-- 'i ' i' ' . ' ^ lo luiiiihrr of students. of $256 was reported on hand in the societj Dr. Joseph Mayer read a paper on the "Standardization of Volumetric Solution of Sodium Thiosulphate." Dr. Henry W Schimpf and Professor Otto Raubenheimer discussed the paper at length. Following an interesting discussion of the proprie- ty of presenting papers at meetings generally extended by a large amount of legislative work, Dr. Mayer was tendered a vote of thanks. Secretary A. E. Hegeman announced the death of John Miller, of Brooklyn, a former member. This meeting of the society was unusually well attended. Among the visitors were J. Leon Lascoff, president of the State Board, and Hugo Kantrowitz. A. Ph. A. Rates to San Francisco Thomas F. Main, chairman of the A. Ph. A. committee, has sent to all members of the A. Ph. A. an announcement con- taining the following information concerning railroad rates for those who propose to attend the meeting of the association to be held in San Francisco, August 9 to 14 inclusive. The routes, as planned, will give visitors an opportunity to see considerable of the Great West at a minimum expense, and the fares from the various cities to San Francisco and return are as follows: Direct one way via Pullman routes Portland lower From (one way) Boston, N. Y. C. lines $104.20 $121.70 $18.50 Boston, B. & M. via Wa'jash 101.20 118.70 Do. New York N. Y. C. & Pa. lines 98.80 116.30 18.00 Differential lines 94.30 111.80 Do. West. Sh. & Wabash 94.30 111.80 Do. Philadelphia 95.20 112.70 17.50 Baltimore 92,95 110.45 Do. Washington 92.95 110.45 Do. Chicago 62.50 80.00 13.00 Cincinnati 70.25 88.40 14.50 St. Louis 57.50 "5.00 12.50 Atlanta 72.55 95.00 14.50 Savannah 80.50 104.50 15.00 Jacksonville 80.50 104.50 Do. New Orleans 57.50 83.75 11.50 St. Paul 63.85 74.95 13.00 Denver 45.00 62.50 9.00 The railroad fares quoted are for round trip tickets, good for three months, with stop over privileges west of Chicago. Lower rates are announced for upper berths and for tourist sleeping car one way rates. Direct routes may be described as all running directly into California without passing through Oregon or Washington. Via Portland includes Northern Pacific R. R. (for Yellow- stone National Park), Great Northern R. R. (for Glacier National Park), Canadian Pacific (for Banff, Lake Louise, Field Glacier, etc.) Tourist sleepers are not available gener- ally east of Chicago, but are attached to through Chicago trains leaving Boston, via Boston & Maine and Wabash route on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. New York passengers via West Shore and Wabash can board these cars at Rotter- dam Junction. A special tourist or Pullman sleeper can be reserved for parties of 24 and upwards. The sleeping car rates named are for continuous service; for stop overs en-route, an extra charge is made which is partially compensated by using the cars for sleeping purposes and thus saving hotel bills. affertin:; pi ■ the physiii.iiis the committee. niatters committ.- isions of the II i t out by the s- .i The sum of $.^ti Instructions on Papers for N. Y. S. P. A. Members of the New York State Pharmaceutical .\ssociation who intend to present papers at the annual convention of that organization, to be held in Buffalo in June, are requested by the committ.'c on j .!;.-, rrnarv and queries, which consists of Frederic 1.. M1 liiii-in, 101 West 66th street; Dr. Wil- liam M.Tii.slicKl an.1 1 r.iiik E. Lock, to prepare titles and sub- mit them to the committee as soon as possible. Copies of papers may follow later. Contributors are advised to make carbon copies of tlieir papers and to send the original with one copy, to the chairman of the committee. The committe- also requests that the paper take not longer than 20 minutes to read. If the contributor is unable to be present to read the paper, he is requested to abstract it and submit both ab- stract and the paper. The committee is desirous that attending members take part in the session of the committee. .\\\ papers must be in the liaiuls of the committee bv Tunc 1% 1915. April, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 183 G. A. S. REPORTS -PROGRESS" Proceeding's of March Meeting- Mostly Routine in Nature — Prescription Symposium Popular The March meeting of the German Apothecaries' Society was largely of a routine nature. Corresponding Secretary Carl Baum read communications tendering the congratulations of both the German and tlie Austrian pharmaceutical societies to Robert S. Lehman upon his being elected president of the society. Similar communications from the society's new hon- orary member. Professor Herman Thoms, of the Pharmaceutical Institute of Berlin, and from Dr. F. Stohr, of the Austrian Pharmaceutical Society were read. By letter, the German Literary Defense Committee requested the society to join the former body, which was accomplished by resolution. A request for contributions from the Society of Friends of East Pru.ssian Refugees was received and a resolution adopted providing for the circularizing among the members of a collection ILst, Otto Raubenheimer, chairman of the scientific committee, informed the society that F. F. A. Haase, a member, will in the near future lecture on "Tobacco" and that Emil Roller would discourse on "Colloids" at the October meeting. !Mr. Raubenheimer announced a symposium on difficult prescrip- tions for the meeting herewith reported. Otto P. Gilbert, chairman of the entertainment committee, reported that the sum of $401 had been raised at the charity concert held on the evening of January 28. Mr. Gilbert took occasion to thank all who had contributed to the success of the affair. He recommended that similar affairs be held in the future for charitable purposes. The summer outing will be held at Witzel's pavilion, College Point. These affairs are always gala occasions with the members of the society, most of whom endeavor to attend. The outing will be held some time in June. George Xeuschaefer, a new member, of Brooklyn, was in- troduced to those present and warmly welcomed. At the re- quest of the president the members rose to honor the memory of an oldtime member, Herman F. Cassebeer, formerly pharma- cist at 42nd street and 9th avenue. Hugo Kantrowitz read a letter from Dr. Richard Firbas, of the Austrian Pharmaceu- tical Society, expressing the latter's thanks for the honor be- stowed upon him by having been elected an honorary member of the G. A. S. The acknowledgment of the German Red Cross Society for bandage material sent to it was read. A clipping from an Austrian newspaper was read reporting the receipt of similar material sent the Austrian Red Cross Socie- ty. On Feli.x- Hirseman's motion it was decided to send the proceeds of tlie charity concert to the treasurer of the general fund. Among those who discussed the prescription symposium were Otto Edler. President Lehman, Professor Henry Schimpf, Otto P. Gilbert, Carl Wippermann and others. The sympo- sium proved so popular that it will be made a feature of a future meeting. American Med.-Pharm. League to Publish Journal The .\merican Medico-Pharmaceutical League has decided to resurrect its official journal which will be published under the name of the "Medico-Pharmaceutical Digest", with head- quarters in Chicago, and under the direction of P. A. Manda- bach. Dr. Brose Horn, president of the board of health of Gas City. Ind.. will be editor, and Dr. Samuel Brothers, Brook- lyn, N. Y., will be "official contribution editor." According to the official announcement, "tlie management will aim to make this journal a representative digest containing the cream of current literature within the sphere of the medico-pharmaceu- tical world." A number of committees have been appointed to assist in the publication of the League's new organ. At the regular monthly meeting of the executive committee held on March 1, the corresponding secretary. Dr. Samuel F. Brothers, announced that 440 new members had been elected urcliasi cl :i siti- in that city and will open a drug store. Th-ir sInI- 1. Hi. Mii^^.-lshell Drug Co. .Xlikx 11. W'an'. ti:i\(ling salesman with Hazeltine & Per- kins Drug Co., Gr.md Rapids, Mich., has purchased a half interest in the Simmons Carburetor Co., of Shelby. Erwin C. Snyder, employed as a druggist by N. H. Shearer & Co., York, Pa., has purchased a drug store at Mechanics- burg from Dr. J. S. D. Eisenhower. The Black Drug Co., Columbia, Tenn., recently held the foriiiil oj.fiiini^ of its new drui; ur\i to the Vogue. Rcfi. ,L,iiMii-, ■•rrc served to tln' n :ir, ■ i-n-.is. Amd:^ J I AX was the i)ui . ] i,. r mI tlic drug store re- cently .sold :it nil ti. Ill nt Siilrm, N. II. IMr. Cowan was form- erly a clerk ill li.i-. I st,il.lj~.iiiiu-nt. The Riki,I'-.I \^ vi,^ Co ims opened a store at 1 Main street, Bangor, Mc. the l(i2ii January 1. 27 wi iv Knj;< M J Gall.dn,. shall, Caiiii Boston; ,\ Lawrence ; Massachusetts il.ites took the examinations in Kistration in Pharmacy, and I.. Fancognev, Lenox; Michael -.;iu-, Lowell; Alton L. V. Mar- itt, Bradforrl; Mh. vt A, St. i„, Bedford; lolin A. M.|-,,,il,v. nhridge; C.Vo i;,n.,„.. i;,,Mn„: 1-ainzin, Boston; Walter M. Rice, Westfield; Charles E. Stuart, Cambridge; Earl M. Baldwin, West Stockbridge; Fred L. Burnell, Pittsfield; Wilbur H. Crowell, Harwich; George F. Curry, Jr., New Bedford; William R. Ryder, Boston; John Williams, Brockton; Stephen J. Bialkowski,. Salem; Charles S. Dalton, New Bedford; Dclmont T. Griffin, Ev- erett; Gerald P. Hudson, Boston; Walter PoUano, Lawrence; Joha F. Reca, Boston. Minnesota St. Paul, March 12.— At the recent meeting of the Minnesota. Board of Pharmacy held in the University of Minnesota, twelve applicants were registered as pharmacists, and thirty-one were regis- tered as assistant pharmacists. Their names follow: Registered pharmacists — Frank C. Booth, Hans C. Pereson, Sam. Rosenfield, N. Vere Sanders, Carl A. Swanson, Minneapolis; Elmer J. Ahlf, Worthington; Benedict S. Ash, Willmar; Joseph Faas, Du- luth; Josei>h Friauf, Glencoe; C. A. Ringdahi, Litchfield; Henry R. Witter, Park Rapids, and Charles E. Wright, New Richmond, Wis. Assistants — James A. Ilk, Wilhelm A. Kohnke, Harry Lieberman,. James J. Mee, Walter R. Stewart, Joseph Stolkosky, St. Paul; Ray- mond B. Dahl, Albert Grain, A. N. Stromsmoe, Minneapolis; Ar- thur W. Newman, Arvid Trulson, Sam M. Zeidel, Duluth; William F. Behrends, Appleton; James E. Boyd, Wilbert H. Hoselton, War- ren; John F. Danger, Rush City; Eugene C. Dunham, Northfield; Ragnar Hammersten, Cokato; Francis W. Maudry, Le Sueur Cen- ter; Thomas McDonald, Hawley; J. C. Moon, Blackduck; Victor Noreen, Winthrop; Wilbert F. Ott, Sleepy Eye; Percy K. Putney, Hutchinson; Emil A. Schatz, Montgomery; Alvin U. Wallen, Madi- son; Frank J. Miese, Stillwater; A. C. Cannon, Woonsocket, S. D.,. and A. Kelley Clark, River Falls, Wis. H. W. Rietzke of St. Paul was elected president and E. A. Tapper of Minneapolis was elected secretary. Ohio Columbus, March 12. — The list of successful applicants at the ex- amination held for registered pharmacists in Columbus Jan. 12, 13- and 14, contains these names: Louis R. Polster, Joseph S. Silpe, Sidney Hollander, Isador S. Siegel, Gilbert M. Burkey, George L. Kappus, Cleveland; John H. Ganin, Edward H. Hehemann. Fred W. Wiggerman, Donald H. Wieteki, Herman F. Schultz, Maurice Solomon, Mrs. Eleanor Wil- liams, Cincinnati; John T. Cummins, Robert K. Stephens, Columbus; Edwin J. Ritter, Charles H. Giese, Massillon; Gilbert Langman, Merrill Swain, Hamilton; Thomas W. Greenland, Glen R. Butler, Lima; Carl C. King, Delphos; William M. Culbertson, Toledo: Wil- liam E. Kutza, Lorain; Wilbur L. Duncan, Youngstown; Nelson G. Yates, Ada; Henry A. Stvpe, East Liverpool; Ralph C. Knise- ley. New Philadelphia; Clarence A. Peat, Norwalk; Tobias C. Cov- ert, Loudonville; A. Earl Clakins, Akron; William H. Oppy, Johns- town, Pa.; Harry S. Wood, Homestead, Pa.; Henry C. Lohler, New- port, Ky.; William E. Dean, Ludlow, Ky. The following received grades high enough on their pharmacist examination to entitle them to registration as assistant pharmacists: Clifford C. Wagner, Charles J. Burda, William Henslee, Isador R. Reich, Cle viand; H. W. Allen, Springfield; Ralph Maurer, Elyria,- Ralph A. Rettig, Holgate; Dana A. West, Butler, Pa. The following are registered as assistant pharmacists: B. Clarence File, Max S. XJberstine, Charles L. Pekarek, Nathan S. Greenfield, Edward I. Robinson, Samuel B. Schweitz, Elmer J. Zickes, Edwin C. Dille, Cleveland; John H. Mowery, Glen R. Ka- grise, Clifford J. Visconti, Benjamin Solomon, Oscar Endicott, Ed- win J. Schnell, Cincinnati; Jesse F. Christen, Toledo; Ernest P. Simonds, Columbus; Roy E. Shook, Canton; Homer C. Leffler, Zanesville; James K. Hazel, Fostoria. There were twenty-seven applicants for assistant pharmacist cer- tificates and fifty-six applicants for pharmacists' certificates. The next examination will be held in Columbus April 6 and 7. There are 3,947 registered pharmacists in Ohio, according to the annual report filed with the governor. There are 5S1 assistant pharmacists. During the past year certificates were granted to 170 to be pharmacists and 69 to be assistant pharmacists. This is the largest number ever granted in any one year. Tt],olP xsland Proviii. 1. , , \; 1 applicants who passed the Board mI I'li : , M in this citv recentlv are A. W. VvAU. W 1 -ther M. Kane 'and RobcVt H. Atkins hnth ,.i !■ : n,., I'll' 1m. .11,1 tlu- following officers: President, Dr. W. J. Afi r.iw : \ 1- ( |M c -nil lit. Howard A. Pearce; secretary and registrar, J.nii. - lir, 1111,111. I'.nvtucket. I li' I II. lIi'^^ 1 registered pharmacists in the State and 202- r' 1 ' ,1. 1 11. re arc also 274 registered assistant pharma- n ' I 1 • ■ il of 66S registered pharmacists and assistant ' III I I - III ilii Mate. Of these 94 pharmacists and lOS assistant pli.iiin.m-i?. ail ^aid to be without location. Iowa T)i Mnines, March 12.— Twent v-three of the seventy-eight persons w !i . v. c-cntly took the state pharmacy examination passed. The ■ I -till applicants included one woman. Miss Edna Becker, of !>.'<• ni'iirt. II . ulin passed are: O. A. Aamodt. Dcs ^^oines: Ralph Char- I I. iviiiin i; C. L. Cavanaiigh. Fort Dodce; Raleigh E. DIarer. I' M l I ,!iia M. Becker. Davenport: Tames H. Carlisle. De» ^1 I 1 Davis. Des Moines: William F. DcLang. De» M..iti,x: W ('. Forsvth, Mvstic: LeRov Grav. Monroe: Knute E. (Monstal. Fstherville: F. M. "Harlan. Harlan: Gorild H. Humphrey. Des Moines: Oscar E. Tohnson. Davton; .\1 .V. Miller. Des Moines; -Mbert Nigp. Merrill: Tames .\. Pierce. Griswold; HaroM C. Rust. Scranton: E. R. Shepherd. Grcclev. Colo.: Carlos Vidal. Dc» Moines; Clare A\'ilson, Des Moines; Carl C. Watcrbury, Dcs Aloines. April, 1915] THE FHARxMACEUTICAL ERA 187 New Diamond Dye Annual and Direction Book Each year the makers of Diamond Dyes, Wells & Richard- son Company, of Burlington, \'t., publish a wiluablc book— "The Diamond Dye Annual and Direction IWu.k ' This, druggists distribute to their customers who imu in n hundreds upon hundreds of money-saving ways to use IJianiond Dyes. The annual is handsomely printed on a good grade of paper; the illustrations are by competent artists, and the book is written by a corps of experts on the -ubject of dyeing. Prob- ably one of the most valuable features of this book is the testimony of a great many women who have used Diamond Dyes with complete success every year. Some clever women discover new uses to which the Dyes may be put. The makers of Diamond Dyes quickly seize upon these suggestions and spread the news to women throughout tlie country. This they do by using big advertising space in magazines, news- papers and Uirough "The Diamond Dye Annual and Direction Book." Diamond Dyes have had a phenomenal sale and the suc- cess attained by these dyes has been described as furnishing I an object lesson and confirming the trutli of the saying "It pays to advertise." George M. Bessett, general manager of the Wells & Richardson Co., recently said in an interview: "We are selling a household necessity. If we can sell Diamond Dyes through advertising, how certain it is that any retail druggist can increase his business by advertising in his local newspapers or through other publications. To aid the drug- gist we have an attractive line of electros which we furnish ■ free to retail dealers on request. These electros are valuable to the druggist who contracts newspaper space by the year and wishes "to keep this space full of human interest at all times. The drug store lias so many things to sell that by advertising steadily they are sure to feature goods and ar- ticles which ever>' man, woman and child in tlieir community is buying daily. By advertising steadily druggists can attract the majority of buyers to their stores and make the profits which now are being distributed among their competitors. I Our new 'Diamond Dye Annual anl Direction Book' No. 13, • will be especially handsome and we are sure more helpful to American women and to retail druggists than any we have ; published in past seasons. We feature this book in each one , o our advertisements by offering it free to any one who will i wTite for it." Druggists should make use of this selling help. Illinois Druggist -will Instal New Walrus Fountain One of the most artistic soda fountains ever built will soon be : installed by Stuart Broadwell, a prominent druggist of Spring- • held, 111. It is of the Walrus type, and the price paid for ' this fountain will exceed that usually paid for outfits two or , three times its size, owing to the ver>' high grade materials .(that enter into the cost of construction. The back bar and counter of the outfit will be of Pavonazza marble, embellished ' with Tiffany art glass decorations, while the top of the back ■ bar, and also of the counter, will be of an imported grade ' of white Belgian glass. A special refrigerating compartment equipped with thirty porcelain drawers will be provided in Uhe base of the back bar for caring for serums, while in the ! superstructure will be a very elaborate refrigerator display •case for keeping and showing high grade boxed candies. In ; this venture Mr. Broadwell bought this notable fountain from ' the standpoint of quality and elegance, price being his last consideration. An Improved Pepsin A special high-grade pepsin, which in appearance and quali- ^ty is markedly different from the pepsin offered by any com- 'petitor, is that announced by Parke, Davis & Co. The new ^ product is the result of a series of experiments extending over • i period of nearly three years, and according to the manufac- turers, represents an improved process of manufacture. Un- like the familiar "scale" product, the new pepsin is a spongy substance, attractive in appearance, lighter in color than any I pepsin heretofore offered, and is free from the offensive char- t ; icteristics of ordinary pepsin. In fact, it has no objectionable I j Jdor or taste, and when kept in properly corked container, it \ 1 -emains in prime condition longer than any other pepsin. It r > s supplied in a wide range of digestive activity-strengths of 1 1000, 2000, 3000, 5000, 6000, and 10,000. Physicians and ^sharraacists alike will welcome this new high-grade pepsin, ' A-hich represents a real scientific achievement. Bishop-Babcock-Becker Go's new Catalogue One of the most artistic catalogues that has been our privi- lege to examine in many years is that issued by the Bishop- Babcock-Becker Co., Cleveland, Ohio, and descriptive of the "Red Cross" Iceless Soda Fountains, "Eureka" carbonators, etc., made hy this company. The catalogue contains in addi- tion to the beautiful duplicate covers, fifty-six pages, each 14x11 inches, and made of a very high grade of calendered paper. The catalogue is fully illustrated, many of the illus- trations being in color and reproducing faithfully the various materials used in the construction of the "Red Cross Iceless Fountains." One of the most interesting features of this cata- logue is the graphic illustrations showing the construction of these fountains, and more particularly the 65 features of the "Red Cross" Iceless interior. There are also illustrations and text descriptive of the Eureka Carbonators — electric, hydraulic and hand-power — made by this company, inventions which save the ' 'fuss, work and worry" accompanying the old method of buying soda water in tanks. These Carbonators are described as working automatically, are "fool proof," cannot be tampered with, and they insure a constant supply of perfectly carbonated water, always under uniform pressure, and enable the operator to "serve better soda water at a lower cost." The artistic beauty of this Catalogue cannot be fully described; it should be seen to be appreciated. New-Skin Special Offer At the present time the Newskin Company is giving away free to every purchaser of a special assortment one-half dozen of the 25c packages. The bonus amounts to 25%. The quan- tity that has to be taken is 4 dozen of the small size and dozen of the medium size; total value $4.00 at regular trade prices. Profit on the order 95%. This is known as "Offer A". It can be supplied by wholesale houses generally through- out the United States. There is also "Offer B" as follows — 3 dozen small size $2.25, bonus one-sixth dozen of the medium size, equivalent to about 15%. Both offers can be supplied by wholesale dealers, generally throughout the United States, who are given "Premium Certificates" for retail dealers to fill out. If you have any difficulty in getting these Special Offers from your regular jobber a blank will be sent on ap- plication to the manufacturers, Newskin Company, 98-100 Grand Avenue, Brooklyn, New York. The offers will expire in April. New-Skin is a standard specialty in its class and you can safely stock it ahead. True Fruit Pineapple Products from the Bahamas People who have visited the tropics, and eaten bananas, piineapples, etc., in their natural state, have said that one can- not know the real flavor of bananas or pineapples until he has tasted these fruits that are fully ripened where they grow. The J. Hungerford Smith Co. argue along the same fine, in their double page ad in this issue, their subject being "TRUE FRUIT" Pineapple Products. They claim that the Bahama Pines are the choicest variety and that to be at their best, they must be ripened on the stump, as Nature intended. Instead of using pineapples from local markets therefore, the J. Hungerford Smith Co. put their pineapples up in the Bahama Islands, and thus secure in their "TRUE FRUIT" Pineapple Products, the utmost in richness and delicacy of flavor. This explains why so many discriminating soda water men, prefer this brand of Pineapple. The ad referred to will give you further details. The Druggists' Peroxide In the manufacture of this commodity the MalHnckrodt Chemical Works have always aimed to supply an exception- ally pure and reliable article, especially for the drug trade. It is so widely handled and distributed by the retail druggists of the United States that it has become known as "The Druggists' Peroxide." Cheaper brands have been offered on the market for distribution through department stores, but the druggists who have desired to give their patrons full value for their money, have experienced much satisfaction in hand- ling the M. C. W. brand. All wholesale drug houses are in a position to supply their trade with M. C. W. Peroxide at prices that will enable them to meet any reasonable competition, and it should always be remembered that "the best is none too good in medicinal pro- ducts." ill 188 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [April, 1915 New Tube for Mennen's Shaving Cream New tubes of unique design, have been adopted as con- tainers for Mennen's Shaving Cream, manufactured by the Gerhard Mennen Chemical Co., of Newark, N. J. This de- sign is based on the German style of decorating packages, the scheme being carried through with the strong lettering characteristic of all Mennen products — a poster treatment of the wellknown trademark and the suggesting of the stripes of a barber pole. The designer of the tube. Franklin Bittner, one of the foremost exponents of poster art in this country, is also designing a carton and special advertising features for this wellknown shaving specialty. It is believed that this is the first time in this country that an artist of national reputation has devoted his efforts to the question of packages design. The Mennen Co., for the protection of the dealer, have issued notice of this new tube, so that present stocks may be moved in ample time before announcements of the new design appear in their consumer advertising. As a further protection, so that there will be no "old" stock on the mar- ket at any time, the carton in which the tube is packed will remain unchanged for some little time, thereby avoiding any difference in appearance of the Cream on the shelf or as it is delivered to the customer. W. A. McDermid, the sales and advertising manager of the Mennen Co. is a strong believer in price maintenance, and his published utterances on the subject are interesting to drug- gists as indicative of the attitude of his company toward this very vital question. The McCourt Label Cabinet The utility of the McCourt Label Cabinet for the v.se of the up-to-date druggist will be quickly noticed by anyone who has ever experienced the trouble and difficulties con- nected with storing labels in drawers, especially at times when the labels become mixed or are thrown out of their proper compartments In fact, one cannot ward off these annoyances if he uses the old compartment method, and the worst part of it is that these exasperating experiences always happen when the druggist is in the greatest hurry and his time is most valuable. But such trials do not happen to the druggist who uses the McCourt Label Cabinet. By its use the druggist has jusi, the labels that he uses, indexed and arranged so that a single motion of the hand — without opening or closing a single drawer — can be drawn out and pasted on the box or bottle wanted. The labels are supplied in roll form, which, it is claimed, enables the druggist to buy them from 40 to 50% cheaper than he could buy them in any other way. Additional advantages are that the labels thus supplied cannot become soiled, stuck together, tightly rolled up, or non-adhesive. The Cabinet does away with all of the disagreeable features that are almost sure to be encountered where flat gummed labels are used. Read the McCourt Label Cabinet Co's advertise- ment in this issue and write for further particulars. "Twilight" Hypodermics You will have calls foi S & D's hypodermics of scopolamine l/130th. and l/400th. and for their two new morphine and scopolamine combinations of l/7th. with l/130th. and l/12th, with 1 /400th. from physicians who are interested in the "Twi- light Sleep" method of painless child-birth which is being discussed so much the.se days in both medical and lay publi- cations and should stock at least a few tubes of each. Put up in 20s and 100s as usual. Ask S. & D. for prices and full data. Delcara Marshmallows At the last meeting of the American Pharni.iK ul ii ,il .\«so- ciation, a well-known and successful i)harni;u i-1 -tatcd ili.it he believed the candy-business of the future will he done by the drug store. To reach this advanced position, the line sold must be attractive and unique. The Rochester Candy Works, Rochester, N. Y., ni'' (icilinc a dnnancl fdp just such i^ocid.s, and in this issue ni 'I im 1 \- \ iIm\ iiicniinn td tlu-ir Famous Delcara M.,)-.l ir.iil.-u, h th.-y linn-.-.i-is to compare and tcsi wiili miIht Ihjh.] on iln' niiikri re- gardless of I'li^r Til, I,:, 11^1, iimII. |..,| ,,,, i„ attractive sr;.l..! i - «lii>li iri.iil at si ,„i.1 Si each, and wliidi air .1. , h,, , ,! |,v tlu- mamifac tutors to Ik- the "fluffiest, the purest, the sweetest confection you ever tasted." Druggists are invited to write for free samples of these Marsh- mallows, and also to note that the Delcara Selling Plan in- cludes free advertising in your local newspaper. Read the advertisement and send a card today for free samples and full information. Steel Soda Fountain Furniture The Toledo Metal Furniture Co., in its advertisement this issue of the Era, offer to druggists and soda dispensers a line of convenient, durable, economical and serviceable Uhl Art Steel Furniture. This line has become deservedly popular because of its quality, which returns 100% value and guaran- tees prolonged new- ness. It stands the test of service and costs a little more because it is worth more, and for the lit- tle difference in price you get a big differ- ence in value. The first chair brought out by the Uhl Brothers in small bicycle shop Toledo fifteen years ago, at once estab- lished the U-shaped formation of cold- rolled steel as the most ingenious r i'ented for securing in the legs of chairs, stands and tables a maximum of strength with a minimum of weight, without any sacrifice of appearance. It also proved that the novel patented truss-locking device possessed both simplicity and strength. From this humble beginning the plant has grown to an occupancy of 60,000 square feet of floor space, and is of the most modem construction, and equipment. Read the company's advertisement on another page and write for particulars concerning Uhl Art Steel. thed Robertson's Fruit Tablets "Manufacturing is a matter of Formula. But Salesmanship is genius. This applies to most selling problems, but ROBERTSON'S fruit tablets, my druggist friends tell me, are an exception. They are their own salesmen ! The beautiful, vari-colored — red, blue, green, brown, yellow and orange — crystals displayed on the counter in the attractive jars in which they arrive, will sell themselves. And all the while they work silently for the druggist, who receives a liberal profit. Health Nuggets, I call them, with a prenatal tendency toward the art of Auto-salesmanship." — Elbert Hubbard. TH. Y. State versus Federal Anti-Narcotic Laws Secretary Warren L. Bradt of the New York State Board of Pharmacy sends us a copy of a letter received by him from the office of the Attorney-General. The correspondence is self- explanatory, and the letter is printed herewith: Albany, Feb. 25, 1915. Hon. Warren L. Bradt, Secretary, State Board of Pharmacj-. Albany, N. Y. Dear Sir: — Receipt is acknowledged of your letter of Feb- ruary 3d, relative to possible conflict which may arise between the State Law relating to the sale of habit forming drugs ant! the Federal statute upon the same subject. Deputy Griffin of this Department has consulted with Sena- tor Boylan and at some time he hopes to arrange a conferencs with Senator Whitney, a representative of this department aii'l yourself. At some time in tlie future my views upon this question may be desirable. In the meantime, however, it i my opinion that the State authorities should continue to en- force the State Law according to its requirements. It is m; understanding that obedience to the State law does not neces- sarily result in violation of the Federal act. However, so fa as you are concerned, you are required to enforce the Stat l;iw as it stands. The officers charged with the administra tion of the Federal .\ct of course, have the responsibility c enforcing its provisions. Very truly your, E. E. WOODBL-RY, Attorney-General. By Merton E. Lewis, First Deputy. Aprii.. 191,')] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 189 PATENTS AND TIRADE MARKS POISON INDICATOR MANY mechanical inventions have been devised for ap- prising individuals of the poisonous contents of bot- tles that they may be called upon to handle. One of the most recent devices of this character is the invention of Mahalah T. Hudson, Kirksvillc, Mo. (Patent No. 1,131,839), shown in the accompanying illustration. It comprises a frame formed from a blank and provided with a central body, upon which are formed integral arms bent upwardly so as to meet at their end portions; a bell carried by the ends of said arms, integral plates formed upon said body and extending at right angles thereto, said plates being adapted to rest upon the \ipper portions of a cork of a bottle for retaining the frame in its correct vertical position, and spurs extending downwardly from the lower portion of the body for digging into tlie cork where- by the poison indicator will be held in engagement and rest «venly on the upper portion of the cork. 1,131,339, 1,132,126. Toilet Article This device, the invention of William N. Sharp, Chicago, 111. (Patent No. 1,132,126), comprises an oblong rectangular case open along one face closed at one end and having a longitudinal slot in one end near the opposite face and ex- tending through said closed end, a brush hinged in the op- posite open end of the case to fold and fit lengthwise into it clear of the bottom to leave a space, and a comb pivoted at one end to the bottom face of the case near its opposite «nd to fold into the latter through said slot at a right angle to the direction of folding the brvish and extend into said space and along and out of contact with the brush bristles. Percolator This percolator, the invention of John W. Hagearty, New- Britain, Conn. (Patent No. 1,132,472), consists of a liquid receiving chamber having a flat top wall and a delivery tube extending upwardly there- from, a valve supported from the said top wall, suitable for closing a port in the said wall, the valve being in the form of a flat plate having holes in the «nd3, and the supporting means for the said valve comprising a plurality of headed piiis passing through the said holes, extend- ing downwardly from the said top wall, and having the heads at the lower side of said plate. The percolator is shown in the drawing reproduced herewith. 1.132,472. Twine Holder This device, a twine holder, is the invention of Alexander M. Kelly. Knoxville. and Benton L. Shaner, Pittsburgh, Pa. (Patent No. 1,131,843). It comprises a spool carrying shaft, a support in which the shaft is removably seated and having means for holding the shaft against rotation, and a drum mounted to rotate on said shaft and to inclose a spool of twine or cord, said drum having cylindrical end portions of sufficient length to extend over the end portions of the spool, and the drum intermediate of said end portions having open- ings shorter than the length of said spool and having curved walls arranged to direct the cord toward the central portion of the spool, one of said heads being removable, substan- tially as described. The drum is actuated by means of a 1,131,843. TWINE-HOLDER 1,132,140. spring wire which is secured to the drum at its intermediate portion with one of its free end portions bearing against the inner surface of the drum, while the other free end portion extends in the opposite direction within the drum. Bottle and Cap Fastener George A. Williams, assignor to the Williams Sealing Cor- poration, Waterbury, Conn., is the inventor of this device (Patent No. 1,132,140), which is the combination with a bottle having a cap comprising an elastic skirt and a con- tractile ring, said ring having hooked end portions, of a ta- pering locking device adapted to engage said hooked ring ends, said locking device being movable bodily in a plane parallel at all times to the bottle neck, said movement in one direction contracting the ring and in the opposite direction expanding the ring. A wedge-shaped fastening device arranged for en- gagement with the hooked ends and adapted to move at right angles to the plane of the ring is employed to contract the ring, the device being provided with seats for receiving the hooked ends of the ring when the device is in its locked position. PATENTS Granted February 23, 1915 ,129,069— Theodore E. Buechner, Philadelphia, Pa. Non-refillable bottle. ,129,270 — Hans Belart, Huddersfield, England. Medicinal prepa- ration for human use. ,129,283 — Frank L. Fischer, South Superior, Wis. Bottle and closure means therefor. ,129,306— Howard L. Marsh, Philadelphia, Pa. Process of intro- ducing iron into foods, drugs, and beverages. ,129,307 — Howard L. Marsh, Philadelphia, Pa., Process of form- ing compounds of iron and carbohydrates. ,129,321— Hans K. A. S. von Euler-Chelpin, assignor, by mesne assignments, to Aktiebolagct Astra, Apotekarnas Kemiska Fabriker, Stockholm, Sweden. Manufacture of carbohydrate phosphoric-acid esters. ,129,477 — Horace C. Gardner, Chicago, 111. Apparatus for con- densing ammonia from a gaseous to a liquid state. ,129,542 — Hilding O. V. Bergstrom, Stockholm, Sweden. Method of producing methyl alcohol or other volatile substances from wood or other material containing cellulose. ,129,578 — George F. Knox, Milwaukee, Wis. Crown cork sea' ,129,618 — Ludwig W. Zaar, Chicago, 111., assignor of one-third to Max M. Modell and one-third to Joseph Ubelaker, Chicago, 111. Bottle closure. ,129,721 — Samuel Peacock, Chicago, 111., assignor to International Agricultural Corporation, New York, N. Y. Process of pro- ducing salts of potassium and aluminum and Sxed nitrogen compounds. Granted March 2, 1915. ,129,865 — Hans J. Hahl. Elberfeld, Germany, assignor to Synthetic Patents Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. Oxyquinolin compounds. ,129,952— Robert B. Brunswick, Philadelphia, Pa. Bottle opener. ,129,953— Albert Busch, Brunswick, Germany, assignor to the Firm of Johann A. Wuefling, Berlin, Germany. Process of manufacturing lithium acety.salicylate. ,130.015— John T. H. Paul, assignor to E. Goldman & Co., Inc., Chicago, 111. Bottle washing machine. ,130.104 — Fritz Kaschig, Ludwigshafen-on-the-Rhine, Germany. Process for the production of nitric acid. 190 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [April. 1915 /,/io./o^ /./If.zeS /./3Z./S0 /-/J^./^x /■/30.0/^- ,130,183 — Louis Marconi, New York, N. Y. Bottle closure. ,130,255 — Clarence P. Byrnes, Sewickley, Pa. Vacuum bottle. ,130,317— Hugh K. Moore, Berlin, N. H. Process of making so- dium sulfid. ,130,488 — Clarence F. Davy, Fitzroy, New Zealand. Protective bottle. Granted March 9, 1915. ,130,783— George A. Williams, assignor to The Williams Sealing Corporation, Waterbury, Conn. Bottle and cap fastener. ,130,856 — William C. Sutcliffe, Lismore, New Zealand. Non-re- fillable bottle. ,130,867— Alphons L. Westrich, Tooele, Utah. Telltale bottle. ,130,961 — Epaminondas Clark, New York, N. Y. Nasal liquid inhaler. ,131,201 — Edwin Bluthardt, Chicago, III. Bottle seal and cap. ,131,304 — Samuel S. Williamson and George R. Carothers, Phila- delphia, Pa. ,131,326 — Herman F. Busch, Millvale, Pa., assignor to Armstrong Cork Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Cork seal for bottle stoppers and the like and method of making the same. ,131,355— James C. Forrester, New York, N. Y. Bottle cap as- sembling machine. ,131,400 — Charles AIcKeever, Jersey City, N. J. Bottle stopper. ,131,497— Vern Wheeler, Embree, Gayville, S. D. Non-refiUable bottle. ,131,544 — George T. Parr, Minneapolis, Minn. Bottle closure. Granted March 16, 1915. ,131,676— Horace M. Cake, Washington, D. C. Process of form- ing bottle caps. ,131,708— Otto Kampee, New York, N. Y. Bottle closure. ,131,839— Mahalah T. Hudson, Kirksville, Mo. Poison indicator. ,131,843— Alexander M. Kelly, Knoxvillc, and Benton L. Shaner, Pittsburgh, Pa. Twine holder. ,131,985— Frederick W. Bellois, New York, N. Y. Bottle closure. ,132,126— William N. Sharp, Chicago, 111. Toilet article. ,132,140 — George A. Williams, assignor to The Williams Sealing Corporation, Waterbury, Conn. Bottle and cap fastener. ,132,162— Henry J. Chilton. Chicago, 111. Bottle handling machine. ,132,180— Edward Hales, West Bromwich, England. Holder for bottles, jars, and other like vessels. ,132,238— Alexander Bogdanffy, New York, N. Y. Machine for manufacturing wood-top corks. ,132,326 — Joseph F. Fouyer, Marseille, France. Tooth brush. ,132,472— John W. Hagearty, New Britain, Conn. Percolator. ,132,512 — Frederick E. Carlson, assignor to Landers, Frary Clark, New Britain, Conn. Casing for vacuum bottles and other dev'-'-i TRADE MARKS Published February 23, 1915. 76,389— Ella L. K. Willison, Chicago, III. Toilet lotions, creams, salves, etc. 82,558— Heywood Toilet Specialties Co., New York, N. Y. Face emollient, hair salve, hair tonic, etc. 83,144 — Anglo-American Pharmaceutical Co., Croydon, England and New York. Tonic medicine. 83,597— Albert V. Widmann, Newark, N. J. Remedies for gas- tric catarrh, flatulence, ulcer of stomach, etc. 83,621 — California Fig Syrup Co., Reno, Nev., etc. Liquid laxa- tive medicines. Published March 2, 1915. 75,923— Erwin Bolgar, Cleveland, Ohio. Candv laxative?. 76,501— Herman Kallenberg, Jr., New Rochclle, X. Y. A hair restorer. '79,933— Robert G. Blackie, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Denti f rices and mouth- wash. 82,233— Langley & Michaels Co.. San Francisco, Cal. Toilet cream, dental cream, bandoline, floor wax, etc. 82,294 — John M. Alexander, Marshalltown, Iowa. Remedj for dandruff and diseases of the bladder and kidneys. 83,644 — J. Stamer, Savannah, Ga. Remedy for curing the tobacco habit. 83,669— Tempy Robinson, Guthrie, Okla. Remedy for dropsy and kidney, bladder, and stomach troubles. 83,847 — Anna D. Adams, Chicago, III. Bath salt. 83,918— John J. Wittwer, Senior, Seattle, Wash. Hair cleanser. Published March 9, 1915. 67,481— The Renzie Drug Co., Ltd., Wellington, New Zealand. Medicines for indigestion, dyspepsia, heartburn, etc. 82,544 — Julius L. Mciulcl, assignor of one-half to Louis Bergman. New York. X. Y. 83,652— Cryst.il rhanii.i.y. Quinton, Okla. Chill tonic, liver tonic and antiliilious pilN. 83,950 — The Ahicndt Sons Co., Toledo, Ohio. Stomach bitters. 84,288— Alonzo F. Richardfon, New York, N. Y. Medicinal tonic«. Published March 16, 1915. 61,577— Thomas Grav, Hillsboro, N. H., Carrie L. Gray, executrix of said Thomas Gr.-iv. deceased, assignor to Frank J. Casey and John B. Taskcr. Hillsboro. N. H.. doing business as the Grav' Hclpuall Co., Hillsboro, N. H. Remedy for sore throat, colds, catarrh, etc. 72,050— Toniiie M. JfcRao. Bisbee. Ariz. Hair tonic. 81, 551—1. orcn/o Trujillo-Marin, New York, N. Y. Pills used in tlu- Irr.iimnit nf physical waste, etc. Turner, Bakersfield, Cal. Face cream. Chemical Co.. Omaha. Nebr. Foot lotion. 1 nv, Philadelphia. Pa. Complexion powders. I'rcbol. Passaic, N. J. Medicinal wines, cy & Co.. New York. N. Y. Rouges. James, Ltd., New York, N. Y. A corapourJ sulfur ointment. 83,779 — John Norris, Tanon City. Colo. Rheumatism liniment. 84,097 — "Mike Rabith, Barberton, Ohio, ^fcdicinal salve. 84,144— Ralph Rapp. Now York, N. Y. Bath powder. 84,157— Barclay & Co., Wilmington, Del. Toilet, medicinal, •r-f shaving soaps. 84,335— The Cooper Medicine Co., Dayton. Ohio. Medical pn ration v.sod as a tonic. 84,415— Henry Thayer & Co.. Cambridge, Mass. Liniment. ' — R. II.'m.i 83,699— Mcnicy v>i April, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 191 COD LIVER OIL STILL CLIMBING Carbolic Acid Shortage Becoming Acute and No Out- side Supplies in Sight — Tragacanth Scarce See pages 43 to 51 for Prices Current. CH.\NGES SES'CE LAST REPORT. A— Acacia, Sorts lb. .20 — .30 A— Acetanilide lb. .90 — 1.25 A— Acetphenetidine, U. S. P lb. 4.00 — 4.50 A— Acid, Benzoic, German lb. 2.00 — 2.25 A— Acid, Carbolic, Crj-stal, Bulk lb 1.35 — 1.45 10- & 15-lb. cans lb. 1.40 — 1.50 1-lb. bottles lb. 1.50 — 1.55 A— Acid, Citric, Granulated lb. .62 — .67 Powdered lb. .68 — .72 A— .\cid Oxalic lb.. .20 — .24 Powdered lb. .24 — .26 A— .\cid, Picric lb. 1.75 — 1.90 A— Salicylic Acid, 1-lb. cartons lb. 1.45 — 1.55 Bulk lb. 1.40 — 1.50 A — Adeps Lanae, Anhydrous lb. .55 — .60 Hvdrous lb. .38 — .40 D— Agaricin oz. 1.20 — 1.30 D— Alcohol, Denatured, bbls and ^-bbl. ...gal. .35 — .40 D— Alkanet Root lb. .25 — .30 A — .\mmonium Benzoate oz. .12 — .16 from True Benzoic Acid oz. .20 — .25 A — Ammonium Iodide lb. 4.50 — 4.75 A — Ammonium Salicylate lb. .95 — 1.25 A— Atropine J^th-oz. vials oz. 24.00 —26.00 A — .\tropine Sulphate, J^th-oz. vials oz. 23.25 — 25.25 D— Balsam Tolu lb. .55 — .60 D— Barium Hydrate, Caustic, C. P. Cryst ..lb. — .25 D— Bayberry Bark, Select lb. .15 — .19 D — Beans, Tonka, Angostura lb. 1.50 — 1.60 A — Belladonna Leaves, German lb. 1.50 — 1.60 Root, German lb. 1.45 — 1.50 Powdered lb. 1.55 — 1.60 A— Benzine gal. .30 — .40 D — Benzoin, Sumatra lb. .43 — .50 Powdered lb. .56 — .60 A— Bismuth Salicylate, 65% lb. 3.25 — 3.60 40% lb. 3.00 — 3.25 Subbenzoate lb. 3.85 — 4.00 Subcarbonate lo. 3.50 — 3.70 Subgallate lb. 2.95 — 3.15 Subiodide lb. 5.65 — 5.90 Subnitrate lb. 2.95 — 3.25 A— Blue Mass (Blue Pill) lb. .68 — .75 Powdered lb. .70 — .80 D— Buchu Leaves, Long lb. 1.45 — 1.55 Powdered lb. 1.55 — 1.65 Short lb. 1.55 — 1.60 Powdered lb. 1.65 — 1.70 A— Caffeine, Pure lb. 4.75 — 5.00 D— Calamus, Root, White, peeled & split ..lb. .55 — .60 A — Calcium Chloride, Fused lb. .55 — .75 A — Calcium Lactate oz. .10 — .12 A — Calcium Sulphocarbolate lb. .10 — .13 D -Calendula Flowers lb. 65 — .70 A — Canary Seed, Sicily lb. .f) — .11 Smyrna lb. .10 — .11 A — Capsicum lb .32 — 34 Powdered lb. .37 — 40 A — Caicara Sagrada Bark lb. .20 — .21 D — Chamomile Flowers, Hungarian lb. .35 — .40 Roman or Belgian lb. .42 — .48 A— Chicle lb. .70 — .75 D— Chrysarobin oz. .24 — 26 A— Colchicum Seed lb. .85 — .90 ; Powdered lb. .95 — 1.00 D— Colocynth, Select lb. .50 — .60 Pulp lb. .52 — .56 A— Condurango Bark, True lb. .28 — .32 D— Copaiba, S. A lb. .42 — .48 D— Cramp Bark lb. .20 — .25 D— Cubeb Berries, Sifted lb. .60 — .70 Powdered lb. .70 — 80 A— Cumin Seed lb. .30 — .34 D— Dandelion Root lb. .28 — .32 Cut lb. .31 — .35 A — Digitilis Leaves, German lb 3? — .37 Powdered lb. .37 — .43 D— Fennel Seed lb. .28 — .34 D— Galangal Root, Selected lb. 23 — .27 Powdered lb. .30 — .34 A — Gelseminine, German, 15 gr. vials ea. — 5.00 A— Glycerin lb .25 — .3: A — Guaiac, Resin lb. .35 — .50 Powdered lb. .45 — .55 D — Guaiacol Carbonate (oz. .30-.35) lb. — 4.00 D— Guarana (PauUinia) lb, 1.35 — 1.45 Powdered lb. 1.50 — 1.65 D — Henbane Leaves, German lb. .35 — .45 Powdered lb. .45 — .50 D — Ipecac Root, Carthagena lb. 2.10 — 2.20 Powdered lb. 2.25 — 2.35 Rio lb. 3.50 — 3.60 Powdered lb. 3.65 — 3.75 A— Isinglass, Russian lb. 5.80 — 6.30 A— Lithium Salicylate lb. 2.00 — 2.40 D— Lupulin lb. 2.00 — 2.20 A — Lycopodium lb. 1.25 — 1.30 D— Mace, Whole lb. .65 — .70 Powdered lb. .75 — .80 D — Magnesium, Metal, Powdered - oz. .30 — .32 Sulphate (Sal Epsom) lb. .02 — .04 A — Malva Flowers, Large lb. .85 — 1.00 Blue, Small lb. .75 — .85 A — Manganese Hypophosphite lb. 1.50 — 1.85 D— Manna, Flake, Large lb. .90 — .95 Small lb. .52 — .58 A — Matico Leaves lb. 1.25 — -1.35 A— Menthol, Crystals lb. .3.40 — 3.50 A— Mercury lb. 1.30 — 1.35 A— Mullein Flowers, 1-lb. cans lb. 1.85 — 1,95 A— Mustard Seed, White lb. .15 — .18 D — Nickel Acetate oz. — .17 Bromide oz. • — .17 A— Oil Almond, Sweet, Pure lb. 1.00 — 1.20 D— Oil Aniseed, Star lb. 1.50 — 1.65 D— Oil Bergamot lb. 3.60 — 3.85 D— Oil Cassia lb. 1.00 — 1,65 A — Oil Castor, American lb. .121^ — .16 A — Oil Cod Liver, Norwegian gal. 1.75 — 1.85 Barrels ea. 42.00 —45,00 i/^-barrels ea. 23.00 —25.00 D— Oil Coriander oz. .55 — .65 D— Oil Croton lb. 1.25 — 1.40 D — Oil Lemongrass lb. 1.30 — 1.40 D— Oil Orange, Bitter lb. 2.50 — 2,75 D— Oil Pennyroyal lb. 1.55 — 2.10 D— Oil Poppy, True lb. .20 — .25 D— Oil Rose, Kissanlik oz. 10.00 —11,00 Oil Wintergreen, Synthetic lb. 1.60 — 1.75 D — Ointment, Mercurial, ^ mercury lb. .75 — .80 ]/} mercury lb. .70 — .75 D— Opium, Natural lb 8,10 — 8.25 Granulated lb. 10.00 —11.00 U. S. P. Powdered lb. 9.75 —10.75 A — Pelletierinc Tannate, 15 gr.-vials ea. — .40 A — Phenacetine, Bayer (lb. $8) oz. — .66 A — Pitch, Burgundy, American lb. .12 — .15 A— Potassa Caustic, Com lb. .18 — ,20 A — Potassium Chlorate lb. .38 — .40 Powdered lb. .39 — .41 Purified and Gran lb. .40 — .42 A— Potassium Chloride, CP lb. .25 — .30 192 THE PHAKMACEUTICAL ERA [April, 1915 A — Potassium Citrate lb. .77 D — Potassium Glyceropliosphate oz. .15 A — Potassium Permanganate lb. .38 Pure, Powdered lb. .43 D— Potassium Sulphide lb. .24 A— Rape Seed, English lb. .12 German lb. .10 A— Resorcin, Pure White lb. 1.50 D — Sage Leaves, Italian lb. .26 A— Salol lb. 1.30 A— Seidlitz Mixture lb. .17 A — Senna Leaves, Tinnevelly lb. .25 A — Silver Nitrate, Crystal oz. .42 Fused, Cones oz. .44 A— Soap Tree Bark, Cut lb. .24 Powdered lb. .25 A — Sodium Benzoate lb. 2.00 A— Sodium Iodide (oz. .37-.42) lb. 4.40 A — Sodium Salicylate lb. 1.75 D— Squill Root, White lb. .12 D — Storax, Liquid lb. .40 A — Strontium Salicylate lb. 1.25 A— Thymol lb. 7.00 A — Tragacanth, Aleppo, Extra lb. 2.25 No. 1 lb. 2.00 Powdered lb. 1.60 A — Wax, Japan lb. .18 A — Wormseed (Chenopodium) lb. .16 Powdered lb. .22 Note — A, advanced; D, declined; C, correction; N, — 1.00 — .25 — .45 — .50 — .32 — .14 — .12 — 1.65 — .28 — 1.40 — .22 — .30 — .45 — .48 — .28 — .30 — 2.10 — 4.65 — 2.00 — .14 — .45 — 1.50 — 8.00 — 2.35 — 2,25 — 2.35 — .20 — .18 — .26 new. New York, March 22 — A study of market conditions during the past three weeks tends to show that price quotations are in many instances based upon possible future contingencies, most of them beyond the present horizon, and any of which may be realized before tlie reader has had the opportunity to ■cast his eye upon these lines. Thus, the opening of the Dardanelles by the Allied fleets, the success or failure of the Germans or British to get shipments from the outside world or to deliver their products to anxious buyers, have such a bearing upon market prices in general, that many of the ar- ticles naturally included in these categories, are being more firmly held, and some of them advancing to prices near that reached shortly after the declaration of hostilities. Manufac- turers have named higher prices for many chemicals in con- sequence of the higher cost of raw materials, and a number of botanical drugs have been advanced on the possible scarcity suggested by smaller import movements. Trading has been only moderately active, however, and most purchases have been in the line of current requirements. Among the price changes of principal importance in the way of advances are those noted for cod liver oil, carbolic acid, salicylic acid and its congeners, acetanilide, bismuth salts, picric acid, chicle, lycopo- dium, menthol, phenacetine, seidlitz mixture, resorcin, various po- tassium salts, senna leaves, thymol and wormseed. Declines in prices are noted for denatured alcohol, buchu leaves, Cala- mus root, Hungarian and Roman or Belgian chamomile flowers, galangal root, ipecac root, mace, magnesium metal, manna, various essential oils and opium. Opium — Business in this commodity is practically at a standstill, and inquiries are wanting. It is said that more than 100,000 pounds of the gum are stored on this side of the water, not counting the stocks held by manufacturers and speculators from before the war. The operation of the Feder- al narcotic law is also exerting a restrictive influence upon domestic buying, and quotations have declined to $8.10@$.25 per pound for natural, $10@$11 for granulated, and $9.75@ $10.75 for U. S. P. powdered. Quinine — A strong undertone pervades the market, with prices unchanged at 27@31c per ounce for 100-oz. tins. Des- patches from London report the stocks in that market to be 2,618,608 ounces on March 1, as against 3,285,968 ounces on the corresponding date last year Cod Liver Oil- — The present quotations are the highest that this article has reached since 1911, when the oil reached $50 per barrel. It is now held at $42@$45 per barrel, or $23@.$25 per half-in- ' I ' , prospect of still higher prices prevailing. The ( i ulvance is largely due to the demand from Genu oil is being used, it is said, for both edible and n'.; mn.il purposes. Another important factor for the increase in price in this market is due to the purchase here of large quantities of oil by French and Russian agents, the domestic consumption not amounting to very much. Carbolic Acid — This article, the basic material for many products, is still advancing in price, crystal in bulk being quoted at $1.35@$1.45 per pound; in 10 and 15-lb. cans at $1.40@$1.50, and in 1-lb. bottles at $1.50@$1.55. The shortage is becoming more acute, with no immediate relief expected from the supplies of other countries. Menthol — Prices have advanced slightly, and crystal is held at $3.40@$3.50 per pound. It is stated that Japanese manufacturers have curtailed shipments to this country to manipulate prices, but so far, the market has been quiet with but little demand. Picric Acid — The extended use of this acid by the belli- gerents as an explosive has influenced a sharp advance, and jobbers quote $1.75@$1.90 per pound. Steel manufacturers, it is reported, are taking steps to produce the acid here on a large scale. Silver Nitrate — A reduction in the domestic price of the metal has caused a decline in the price of the nitrate which is now quoted at 42@47c per ounce for crystal, and 44@48c per ounce for fused in cones. Thymol — The depletion of supplies, with no new stock coming to hand, has stiffened prices, and jobbers quote $7@ $8 per pound. CoNDURANGO Bark — The exhaustion of spot stocks has caused a firmer feeling, and quotations have been advanced to 28@32c per pound. Acid, Benzoic — The scarcity of toluol has resulted in higher prices, and German is held at $2@$2.25 per pound. There is practically no demand for acid made from gum benzoin. Buchu Leaves — A revision of prices shows a lower range for all grades, long being held at $1.45@$1.55 per pound for whole, and $1.55@$1.65 for powdered; short, $1.55@$1.60 for whole, and $1.65@$1.70 for powdered. Senna Leaves — Scarcity of this article is due to the em- bargo recently placed upon shipments from Egypt to any country but Great Britain or France, and the expulsion of the principal operators from the Soudan by the British au- thorities. Tinnevelly leaves are firmly held at 2S@30c per pound. Tragacanth — Aleppo is scarce and the uncertainty of ax- rivals of future supplies has caused this gum to be strongly held, extra being quoted at $2.25@$2.35, and No. 1 at $2@ $2.25. Turkey gum is also reported scarce, but prices are unchanged at last month's quotations. Belladonn.\ — German leaves and root are higher, the former being held at $1.50@$1.60 per pound. Whole root is quoted at $1.45@$1.50; and powdered $1.55@$1.60. Digitalis— A strong upward trend is noted, and prices for German have been raised to 32@37c; powdered. 37@43c. Canary Seed — All varieties are firmer, 10@llc per pound being asked for both Sicily and Smyrna. Chamomile Flowers — Revision of quotations showed slightly lower prices, with Hungarian being held at 35@40c and Roman or Belgian at 42@48c. .At the same time, deple- tion of spot stocks and the uncertainty of replenishing sup- plies from Trieste and Italy tend to advance quotations. Lycopodium — This article has been advancing for some time, and the future is somewhat uncertain. Jobbers quote $1.25@ $1.30 per pound. Acetphenetidine — Demand from manufacturers and agents of foreign governments has caused a strong advance in prices, and U. S. P. is now held at $4@$4,25. Potash — In the absence of imports from Germany and the embargo placed upon all shipments from that country b)' Great Britain and France, holders have advanced their prices for all grades and many of tlie salts. Caustic, commercial, is held at 18@20c; chlorate, 3S@40c: powdered, 30(S'41c, and purified and granular, 40@42c: chloride, C. P., 25@30c: ci- trate, 77c@$l ; permanganate, 3SC(f45c; and pure, powdered, 43 @50c. Salicylic Acid — Due to the growing scarcity of phenol, manufacturers have advanced their prices on this article, and jobbers now quote $1.45@$1.5S in 1-lb. cartons, and $1.40(g> $1.50 per pound in bulk. Revised prices for Uie various saK- cylates also show higher ranges, as follows: Ammonium, 95c(^ $1.25 per pound; bismuth. eS-Tr, $3,25(ff$3.60: 40%, $3^ $3.25; sodium, $1.75(?$2; strontium, $1.25@$1.50 per pound. Bismuth S.\lts— In addition to the ad\'ance noted for th- salicylate of bismuth in the preceding paragraph, all salts of this metal are higher, jobbers quoting as follows; sub- April, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 193 benzoate, $3.85@$4; subgallate, $2.9S@$3.15; subiodide, $5.65 @$5.90; subnitrate, $2.95@$3.25. CuBEB Berries — Recent arrivals and lack of demand are re- sponsible for the decline noted in the quotations for this item, sifted being held at 6O@70c, and powdered at 70@ 80c. Malva Flowers — Have been in scanty supply and prices have advanced to 8Sc@$l per pound for large, and 75@85c for small blue flowers. Sace — Lack of demand and little interest are responsible for the decline in price, Italian being obtainable at 26@28c per pound. CuMix Seed — Depletion of spot stocks has strengthened the position of this article, and jobbers quote 30@34c per pound. Ipecac — Following the replenishment of spot stocks, quota- tions have been reduced to $2,10@2.20 for whole Carthagena, and $2.25@$2.35 for powdered. Rio is held at $3.50@$3.60 for whole, and $3.65(a3.75 for powdered. Mustard — Black is unchanged. White is firmer and prices have been advanced to 15@lSc per pound for whole. C.\i.endul.\ Flo\vers — Are easier, and prices have declined to 65@70c. On, Bergamot — Recent arrivals of new stock and lack of active demand have caused a decline in this essence, which is now obtainable at $3.60@$3.85 per pound. On, AxiSE— Star is lower, with quotations ranging from $1.5O@?1.60 per pound. On, Or.\nce — Bitter is in moderate demand only, and prices have eased off to $2.50@$2.75 per pound. Sweet is unchanged at last month's quotations. Oil Lemoxcrass — This essence is also easier owing to lack of demand, jobbers quoting $1.30@$1.40 per pound. On, Rose — In the absence of the usual European purchases, stocks here have accumulated with a consequent decline in prices, Kissanlik being offered at $10@$11 per ounce. On, WlXTERGREEX — Synthetic is strongly held and supplies are reported scanty in this market. Prevailing jobbing quo- tations are $1.60@$1.75 per pound. Galang.\l Root — A revision in prices shows a lower range, with selected whole root quoted at 23@27c, and powdered at 30@34c per pound. Gu.\R.\x.\ — Is lower and obtainable at $1.35@$1.4S per pound for whole and $1.50@$1.65 for powdered. Rape Seed — Is somewhat strongly held, with prices marked up to 12@14c for English, and 10@12c for German. Seidlitz Mixture — Following an advance in price by manu- facturers, quotations have been advanced to 17@22c per pound. Soap Tree B.\rk — The reduction of spot stocks has caused jobbers to mark up their quotations for cut to 24@28c per pound. Powdered is held at 25@30c. COLCHICUM Seed — Present quotations show an advance, 85 @90c per pound being asked for whole, and 95c@$l per pound for powdered. Isinglass — Russian is higher, $5.80@$6.30 per pound being asked. Wax — Japan is in reduced supply, following a raise in the import cost and an advance in freight rates. Jobbers quote 18@20c per pound. Wormseed — Chenopodium is higher at 16@18c per pound for whole, and 22@26c for powdered. N. Y. C. P. ELECTS OFFICERS Professor Edward Kremers Lectures on "The Evolu- tion of the Apothecary and His Shop." Professor Charles F. Chandler, vice president of the New York College of Pharmacy, presided at the March meeting of that institution, at which the annual election of officers was held. The following were unanimously elected: President, Nicholas Murray Butler; first vice president, Charles F. Chandler; second vice president, Wm. Jay Schieffe- lin; third vice president, Albert Plaut; treasurer, Clarence O. Bigelow; secretary, Thomas F. Main; assistant secretary, Charles W. Holzhauer; trustees to serve for three years: Arthur H. Elliott, David Costello, Ernest Stauffen, V. Chapin Daggett and William P. Ritchey. Secretary Main presented a brief report of a previous meet- ing of the college trustees, remarking particularly upon the reduction of the institution's indebtedness to the sum of $55,000. Professor Chandler commented interestingly upon this feature of the report, asserting that it presented a most remarkable case of an educational institution paying off its indebtedness without receiving bequests or funds from outside. In earlier days the college had an indebtedness of $125,000, and a iloating debt amounting to $15,000. Secretary Main also reported the deaths of M. K. Switzer, Charles H. White, Joseph A. Velsor and Alfred H. Kennedy, all college members. Mr. Main stated that he would present biographies of the deceased at a future meeting. Caswell A. Mayo, chairman of the lecture committee, re- ported that Dr. Edward Kremers, dean of the University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy, would lecture on "The Evolu- tion of the Apothecary and his Shop." Mr. Mayo called upon Dean Rusby to introduce Dr. Kremers. Dean Rusby, in making his introduction, recalled an A. Ph. A. meeting of some 20 years ago, when a young man — Dr. Kremers — read a paper presenting his conception of what a young man should be to be a good pharmacist. The paper, said the Dean, had been extremely prophetic. Other interesting features of Dr. Kremers' personality and work were also developed by the speaker. Dr. Kremers' lecture, which was illustrated with an abun- dant supply of interesting stereopticon slides, was, in synop- sis, as follow : Derivation of the word "apotheke", i. e., a place for storage. Thus the modern German word for library, viz. "Bibliothek" designates a storage place for books. One of the art galleries in ^Munich, the "Pinakothek" is a storage place for paintings. The word pharmacist is derived from another Greek word "pharmakon", meaning a medicament. The precursors of the modern apothecary and his shop : — 1. ) In Egypt (Priests and later charlatans). 2. ) In Greece (Root cutters, ointment makers, ointment sellers, etc.) 3. ) In Rome (Medicine peddlers, herbalists, the street of the ointment makers or "seplasium" ) . 4. ) Among the Arabians (Hospital pharmacies. First public pharmacy in Bagdad in 8th century.) 5. ) Among Christians (Monastic dispensaries in southern Italy). The modern apothecary or pharmacist. The first public apothecary shop in Naples in the 11th century. Separation of pharmacy* from medicine. Establishment of apothecary shops in Germany since the 12th century. 1. ) Hospital and monastic dispensaries. 2. ) Court apothecaries. 3. ) Municipal apothecaries. a. ) "Real" concessions. b. ) Personal concessions. The evolution of the "chemist and druggist" in England. The physician and his assistant, the apothecary. The apothecary a medico-pharmaceutical practitioner. The grocers, or sellers "engros" and the "chemist and druggist." The modern "pharmaceutical chemist." The druggist and pharmacist in the United States. Early development along English lines. The advent of the German "Apotheker." Legislative restrictions and control. The endeavor of the modern drug store to meet the de- mands of the people. Corks that Give tTniversal Satisfaction How to get corks in a uniformly good quality is a problem. Ordinary commercial designations, such as X, XX, XXX, etc., are really no index to go by, since they vary greatly among different manufacturers. There are two brands, however, that can be relied on to give uniform satisfaction, namely. Circle A Corks and Circle B Corks, manufactured by the Armstrong Cork Company of Pittsburgh, Pa. Circle A Corks have been on the market for the past 28 years until today they are recognized generally as being the standard prescription corks of America. Aside from the profit that the sales yield, the manufacturers take just as much pride in keeping this well- known brand up to the highest standard as the druggist docs in compounding prescriptions accurately. Circle B Corks are inferior only to the Circle A grade. Both brands are packed in double sacks, a srong paper bag inside one of muslin. Your troubles will end, so far as corks are concerned, if in ordering you specify either of these two brands. 194 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [April, 1915 Index to Advertisers, page 48. Index to Goods Advertised, pages 44-47 Index to Text Pages Abstracts, Foreign, 165. Acid, Acetyl Salicylic, British Made, 162. Ablex Chemical Co., 175. American Fixture and Show Case Mfg. Co., 183. Apothecary and his Shop, Evo- lution, 193. Apparatus, Time Saving for Pharmacists, 180. Associated Drug Stores, 185. Associations, Clubs, etc. — Amer. Med.-Pharm. League, 183. American Pharmacc itical, 182. Baltimore Branch, 180. Boston Retail Druggists, Chicago Branch, 181. Detroit Branch, 179. New York Branch, 179. Northern Ohio Branch, 181. Philadelphia, 181. Associated Pharmacists and Drug Clerks of Greater N. Y., 183. Drug Trade to Boom Phila- delphia, 178. German Apothecaries, 183. Jersey City Druggists, 178. Kings Co. (New York) Pharm. Soc, 182. New England Rexall Juniors, 177. New Jersey Pharmaceutical, 178. New York Pharm. Confer- ence, 183. New York State Pharm., 182. W. O. N. A. R. D.— Boston Chapter, 169,170. Louisville Chapter, 169, 170. Philadelphia Chapter, 170. St. Louis Chapter, 170. Bagley, Miss Anna C, 168. Bandrowsky Base, 166. Bartlett, John A. 174. Bates Drug Store, 184. Baumann, Charles T., 172. Benzol from Crude Petroleum, Rittman Process, 167. Bessey, Dr. Charles E., 173. Boards of Pharmacy — California, 186. Delaware, 186. Indiana, 186. Iowa, 186. Massachusetts, 186. Minnesota, 186. Ohio, 186. Rhode Island, 186. Bottle and Cap Fastener, Wil- liams', 189. Boyd Drug Co., 184. Bresler, Lazar, 184. Brophy, Dr. James J., 173. Calcium Acetyl Salicylate, 155. Carr, Owens & Co., 184. Chewing Gum, Chicle Manufac- ture, 163. Cider, Carbonating, 164. Cider, Champagne, 164. Colchicine, Colorimetric Deter- minations, 166. Colleges of Pharmacy- New York, 193. Cooperative Department Stores Syndicate, 184. Cosden, Alfred H., 171. Cost Prices, Importance of Knowing, 158. Correspondence, 150. Cream, Greaseless, 164. Deisel, Louis C, 172. Delgado, Frank A., 185. Dimmitt, Addison, 161. Dodge, N. C, 174. Dow, M. C, 176. Drew, W. M., 174. Durolit, 179. Eberhardt, J. C, 173. Essence, Cider, 164. Editorials- Chain Store and Department Competition, 149. Control of Prices, 148. Exempted Preparations under Harrison Law, 149. Great Drug Scandal, ISO. More Narcotic Preparations, ISO. Perilous Competition, 149. Trend of Legislation in New Jersey, 148. Uniform State Narcotic Laws, 149. Evans, George W., 173. Facial Defects, Masking, 166. Finney, George W., 173. France, Melville, A. 172. Galenicals, Preservation, 180. Gasoline Supply, Increasing, Rittman Process, 167. Cast Drug Co., 185. Gerity Drug Store, 184. Gifford, Charles A., 174. Gilmore Drug Co., \V. J., 183. Gleason, David, 172. Goddard, Charles H., 172. Graupner, Edward W., 184. Graver, Mrs. Kittie Harboard, 169. Green & Horsey Drug Co., 184. Hair Dyes, 166. Hair Preparation, Tar, 163. Ha'.sey, George E., 173. Hancock & Son, John F., 184. Hankins, William Lott, 173. Harris, Samuel Y., 172. Hathaway, Mrs. E. C, 172. Ucdquist Drug Co., 184. Henry & Carvil, 185. Ilileman, Emmet, 172. Hyde, A. A., 171. Hydrargyrum Oxycyanatum, 155. Husband, Thomas J, Jr., 176. Indicators, Choosing, 165. Inks, Printing, Composition, 162. Insects, Getting Rid of, 169. Jesson, Jacob, 173. ,ncs, Henry Walter, 171. Paraphenylenediamine, 166. Kemper, Harry A., 185. una, Thomas, 174. Klcnert, Frank W., 174. Kooker, James L. 174. Kremers, Dr. Edward, 189. Lagasse, Frobe J., 174. Laudanum, Consumption in Chi- cago Stores, 181. Laughlin Fruit Co., 184. Law, Anti-Narcotic, Federal vs. New York, 188. Law, Harrison, in the Making, 177. Law, Harrison, Preparations Exempted and Affected, 154 Law, Narcotic, Harrison, Ru- lings, 151. Lawson, John H., 174. Leeches, Scarcity, 162. Legislation, Liquor, Massachu- setts, 177. Legislation, Pharmacy, New Jersey, 178. Legislation, proposed in Various States 153. Licorice Extracts, Composition and Analysis, 166. London Letter, 162. McCoUey, H. B., 184. McComas, Isaac H., 174. McFadden, Dr. John J., 174. McGovern, John Francis, 174. McMechem, William B., 174. McMurray, James W., 174. Magaw, Charles F., 172. Magnesium Carbonate, Absorp- tive Power, 165. Mallinckrodt Chemical Works, 183. Market Report, 191. Mason, Harry B., 172. Massage Cream, without Casein, 164. Massot, Joseph W., 174. Mayo, Thomas F. 172, Mendelsohn, Max., 184. Mercury Oxycyanide, 155. Merrell, B. D., 172. Mix, Elihu, 174. More, A. J., 172. Morphine, Colorimetric Determi- Morris, Irvine, 172. Mostly Personal, 171. Mount, C. J., 175. Muth, George G., 172. Nagle Drug Co., Wm. S., 185. Ncidlinger Bros.. 183. Ncsper, Fred, 174. New York Movies on ''Patent Jlcdicine Fakirs", 176. New York, Whitney Bill Aban- doned, 176. Obituaries, 173. O'Connor, Michael, 172. Oil Eucalyptus, Cincol Determi- nation, 16S. Oil, Spike Compound, 163. Opium, Normal, 179. Osborne. Frank D., 174. Owl Drug Co., 176. Owl Drug Co. (Los Angeles), 185. Ozark Medicine Co.. 184. Paste, Powder, Water Soluble, 164. Patents, Trademarks, etc., 189. Percolator, Hagearry's, 189. Persian Water, 166. Pests of Various Kinds, 169. Phares, Mrs. Minnie, 170. Pharmacy, Modern, Trend, 160. Pharmacy, Practical, in Pre- scription Department, 161. Phenol from Chlorbenzene, 165. Plants, Medicinal, Cultivation, 156. Poison Indicator, Hudson's, 189. Prescription, Did he Over- charge? 150. Prescription Difficulties — Cherry Laurel Water with Morphine, 165. Mercuric Benzoate and Co- caine Hydrochloride, 165. Potassium Iodide and Nitrite. 164. Prussian Remedy Co., 185. Pyridine Bases, Manufacture, 163. Question Box, 163. Quiggle & Co.. E. J., 185. Ransom, William, 162. Rasticks, 166. Rawlins, Clifton M., 171. Recreation for Pharmacists, 159. Rich, W. Pitt, 171. Riker-Hegeman Drug Co., 177. Riker-Jaynes Co., 185. Rittman. Dr. Walter F., 167. Roe, Robert A., 174. Roentgenology, Contast Sub- stances, 165. Rubber, Black, Coloring Rea, 163. Ruh Drug Co., 185. Russell, Frederick A., 173. Rust, George, 172. Sabath, Milton, 174. Salts in Aromatic Waters, Salt- ing Out, 180. Sheehan, John D., 174. Snyder, Alfred H., 174. Sodium Salicylate, Discolora- tion, 155, 162. Solution Acid Phosphates, Acid Strength, 164. Stokes, Joseph T., 172. Strohbach, Dr. G.. 171. Strohmeycr, Henry L., 174. Synthetic Drugs, Manufacture in England, 162. Tar. Odor, Masking, 163. Temple, John. 173. Tilton, Alfred W., 174. Tillon, Charles Edward, 174. Tobin, Commodore John J., 172. Toilet .\rticle. Sharp's, 189. Tolliol from Crude Petroleum. Rittman Process. 167. Tres.sler Drug Co., H. A., 1S4. Tull. John, 173. Twine Holder, Kelly's. 189. Victor Talking Machine Co., vs. R. H. Macy & Co.. 148. Vollmcr. Phillip. 174. Whorrct Mize Drug Co.. 175. Wilts, J. H.. 174. Woni.in Suffrage. New York State. 170. Women in Pharmacy, 169. Women in Pharmacy and the .\. Ph. .\.. 168. t AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY PUBLICATION FOR THE DRUG TRADeJ Vol. XLVIII New York, May, 1915 No. 5 The Pharmaceutical Era. PUBLISHED OX THE FIRST OF E.\CH MONTH. . . Publishers D. O. Haynes & Co. No. 3 Park Place, New York Telephone. 7646 Barclay. Cable Address, "Era, New York." " SUBSCRIPTION RATES: Domestic Rates to U. S., „ , . ^. ^ Cuba. Hawaii, Porto Rico, Subscription ..... .$1.00 a year the Philippines and Mexico. ^'^^ E-'a List 1.50 a year To Canada, postpaid. Subscription 1.50 a year With Era Price List 2.00 a year Subscription 2.00 a year With Era Price List 2.50 a year REMIT by P. O. or Express Order or New York Draft pay- able to order of D. O. Haynes & Co. Add 10 cents for collection charges if you send local check. Single Copies, 15 cents. Published at No. 3 Park Place, Borough of Manhattan, New York, by D. O. Haynes & Co., a corporation: President and treas- urer, D. O. Haynes; vice-president, E. J. Kennedy; secretary, N. \V. Haynes. Address of Officers is No. 3 Park Place, New York. Entered at the Xezv York Post-Office as Second-class Matter. Copyright, 101=., by D. O. Haynes & Co. All rights reserved Title Registered in the United States Patent Office. Table of Contents. Ediiori.\l .\nd Pk.vr>[.\ceutical Pages 195-218 Editorials 195-196 Correspondence 197 Fighting Typhus in Serbia 198 Thos. A. Edison on the Dye Situation 199-200 Digest of United States and State Narcotic Laws 201-210 The Vacationist and the Drug Store 211 Women in Pharmacy 212-213 Points of Law Affecting Retail Druggists 214 Question Bo.x 215-216 Standardization of Thiosulphate Solution 217 Foreign Abstracts 218 News and Trade Section' Pages 219-242 Future of American Made Perfumery 219 Druggists find Electric Novelties Profitable 220 Mostly Personal 223 Obituaries 225 House of Delegates of the A. Ph. A 227 Colleges of Pharmacy Activities 230 Effect of Narcotic Act on Prescriptions 231 Board Examinations 232 New Preparations and Specialties 233 Era Course in Pharmacy 234 Patents and Trade Marks 237 Drug Markets 239 INDEX TO ADVERTISERS Page 26 INDEX TO GOODS ADVERTISED Pages 27-30 INDEX TO READING PAGES Page 242 BUYING CLUBS TRYING TO MEET CHAIN STORE COMPETITION The organization of buying clubs by local drug- gists is a practical way for the independent retail druggists to meet the competition of the large cor- porations which are extending their chains of drug stores into all sections of the country. No part of the United States seems to be exempt from the demoralizing effect of these ambitious monopolists of the retail drug trade. A repre- -t iit;iti\c of a San Francisco drug jobbing house, w lin was in New York City the past month, re- marked that the situation on the Pacific Coast is no different tha n in the East. The names of the concerns are different, but the principle of ob- taining business by the indiscriminate and unfair slashing of prices is the same wherever the chaia store obtains a foothold. Fortified by plenty of capital and big buying capacity these stores often cut prices to the point where there is a loss instead of a profit, but they are able to stand such a loss where a small retailer could not, in order that they may eventually con- trol the local field. In practice this works out very similar to the methods by which the Standard Oil Company drove independent competition from every section of the country through a policy of "dumping" on the market great quantities of oil at a price so low that no small independent pro- ducer could meet it. The United States Supreme Court has held that this sort of competition is illegal, and although the same court has also held that price maintenance cannot be enforced by law, the time will come when courts of .justice will recognize that wilful price-cutting for the purpose of injuring a com- petitor is unfair and illegal competition. In this i-ssue of the Era a correspondent who signs himself "A Buyer," but whose identity is of course known to the editors, points out at some length that the solution of the chain store problem will not come through quantity buying on the part of the small retailer, and the consequent tying up of a larger amount of capital, but that l)uying in the very smallest quantities consistent with actual day-to-day requirements, paying cash and taking the discounts, will come nearer to bringing. about a solution. 196 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [JVIay, 1915 This argument might carry more weight if the wholesale druggists could adjust their prices so as to afford au opportunity for the smaller retailers to re-sell at a price that would meet the chain store prices and leave even a meager profit. We know of more than one retail druggist in New York City who purchases certain of his remedies at re- tail from the chain stores because their retail prices on those items are at times less than the jobber's price at wholesale. Is it not up to the jobber in such instances to find a way to help the small re- tailer rather than to furnish ammunition for the chain stores by making it impossible for the inde- pendent retailers to meet such cut-rate prices ? PROVISIONS OF STATE NARCOTIC LAWS In this issue of the Era we devote considerable space to the presentation of an analysis of the Fed- eral and State narcotic legislation now in force in the United States, prepared by Martin I. Wilbert, of the Public Health Service, and reprinted from the Public Health Reports. Viewed in its entirety, this presentation of the various laws and ordinances re- flects in a somewhat convincing manner, that though there is shown a disposition on the part of legislators to effectively control the distribution of habit-forming drugs, the results of their work has been far from uniform, the laws being so burdened with provisos and exceptions as to make them al- most valueless from a practical point of view. The reason for this ineffectiveness is not hard to discover. In some of the States the laws do not specifically charge any one person or number of persons with their execution, and few if any of the statutes outline the methods to be employed in en- forcing them. According to Mr. Wilbert, in prac- tically no State is there any record of a direct ap- propriation for enforcing the existing antinarcotie legislation. This failure to provide the necessary wherewithal to work has proved a handicap in more than one direction. Another drawback has been the difficulty of securing the records of sales, making it practically impossible to locate any given leak from the presumably legitimate channels of trade to the admitted illicit trafficker in narcotic drugs. In this direction the Harrison law, it is expected, will furnish much of the information necessary to make existing laws operative, and the requirements will at all events serve to place the individual mem- bers of the drug trade on record as never before, and will assist the authorities in the locating of vicious dope sellers and detecting the leaks from the legitimate drug trade to the illicit dealers. Some of the interesting facts brought out in Mr. Wilbert 's study are shown in the fact that while no less than 49 political divisions have some form of cocaine legislation, only 20 of the States make it unlawful for physicians to prescribe for habitual users and only 17 States make it unlawful for other than those specially authorized to have co- caine or other narcotic drugs in their possession. The cmunorjilioTi of these drawbacks tends to show 111' pr..lilrni involved in further legisla- tive elToi-t is mil .■! simple one. Uniform, progres- sive and practical legislation is demanded, prefer- ably of the type furnished by the Federal Act. Of eoui-se, the requirements of each individual State must be cared for, but the State authorities should work in co-operation with the Federal officials. In fact, experience tends to show that one law is apt to be less burdensome and far more effective in the control of the distribution of habit-forming drugs than the unallied and heterogeneous collec- tion of acts now upon the Statute books of the various States. . PRICE MAINTENANCE AGREEMENTS A NEW phase has been injected into proposed price-maintenance protection without the aid of patent monopoly, by a suit which has been recently filed in the Supreme Court of the District of Co- lumbia against the Beech-Nut Packing Co. by James O'Donnell, a retail druggist of Washington, who will be remembered as the individual who car- ried to the Supreme Court of the United States the so-called Sanatogen case, which was decided in his favor. In his complaint in the present suit the druggist alleges that the defendant company has been successful in entering into agreement with most of the jobbers and a large majority of the retail trade throughout the country whereby they will sell to the public at the fixed price stipulated by the manufacturer. This arrangement, he al- leges, effectually shuts off supplies to him and he therefore has been unable to fill the numerous or- ders that have been made upon him for this prod- uct. To further emphasize this contention. Druggist O'Donnell has also instituted suit against the Riker-Hegeman Co. for his failure to purchase a certain brand of perfumery, controlled by the New York concern, under an alleged price maintenance plan. In both of these suits the defendant alleges that not only is he deprived of the ordinary profits which he would derive from the sale of a staple article, but that he is also deprived of a large num- ber of customers. The additional statement is also made that if he were to subscribe to the price-fixing agreement proposed by the manufacturer, he would himself violate the law. The claims made by the defendant in the suit at issue are indicative of the opposition that has been experienced in the attempt to secure Federal legis- lation to protect retail merchants against cut-rate competition, ntore particularly the Stevens bill, which was aimed to prevent the imfair use of well- known goods as advertising bait, by guaranteeing a uniform price to all consumers. Enemies of this bill have stated that if enacted it would operate to give trade-marked goods a monopoly, but this has been questioned because the bill explicitly states that its provisions do not apply to any article that is produced or controlled by a monopoly. The bill is backed by various associations of retail mer- chants, including a number of druggists' organiza- tions, and in some form is bound to reappear in Congress during the coming sosision. Wliether th ? outcome of the O'Donnell suit will have anv sig- nificant bearing upon future legislation r>rovidin'* for the maintenance of prices remains to be seen. May, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 197 The Chain Store And The Small Retailer Correspondent of the Era Declares That Frequent Turnover, Not Quantity Buying, Will Solve Problem Editor, Pharmaceutical Era: How to meet the prices of tlie chain-stores presents a real and serious problem to thousands of business men in this country. Many a man today is haunted by thoughts of bank- ruptcy and visions of the red flag of the auctioneer lloating over his place of business because he can not soiv'e ihis pioblem. Every independent retailer who is competing with them as- serts that he cannot possibly sell goods as cheaply as they do. If asked to explain why not, he answers that their immense volume of business enables them to buy their merchandise in large quantities, directly from the manufacturers and get their best discounts, which, in his own case go as profits to the job- bers, from whom he is compelled to purchase his merchandise at list prices without any discounts at all. Practically every manufacturer of a well advertised article establishes a certain minimum quantity which must be pur- chased and delivered at one time to get his best discounts. These quantities vary from about $100, or less sometimes, to $300 and more, at list prices. The discounts allowed from th se prices also var>-, although they are usually placed at 15 per cent. The jobbers buy these quantities to get the discounts which they keep as their profit for distributing these goods to retailers, to whom they sell them at list prices. The owners of chain-stores, because of their large output, also buy directly from the manufacturers, thus eliminating the jobber, and so get these discounts for themselves. For this reason the small retailer, competing with chain-stores, who buys these same goods from his jobber seems to have 15 per cent the worst of it. However, we are going to show that discount is not always the most important thing to be considered when buying mer- chandise. Suppose a chain of stores sells in all its various "links" in one week 24 dozen of a certain well advertised article at 10 cents each, the list price of which is $1 per dozen, and that the manufacturer of it will not sell less than 120 dozen at 15 per cent discount. Of course, the owners of the chain-stores will buy this quantity to get the discount of 15 per cent. But for the very reason that they do buy large quantities, much larger than any single one of their stores can sell within a reasonable length of time, they are compelled to maintain warehouses or distributing depots, to which their purchases are shipped and there unpacked and stored and distributed and charged to their various branches. All this costs money. And it is a safe guess that the owners of any chain of stores would be more than pleased if their distributing centres did not ab- sorb any more than 5 per cent ( it is more likely 6 or 7 per cent ) or rather of the 15 per cent discounts which they obtain because of their large orders. So that by the time this article reaches the branch-stores where it is to be sold, the 15 per cent discount has shrunk to 10 per cent. To return to the 120-dozen purchase: 120 dozen at $1 per dozen less 10 per cent (not 15 per cent, because ^< of that has gone for handling) costs ($120 less $12) $108. 120 dozen sold at 10 cents each brings (1,440 times 10 cent.<;) $144. $144 less $108 cost gives $36, amount earned by $108, therefore each dollar of capital invested in this article earns '^'^36 divided by $108) 33yj cents, since 120 dozen is bouebt and sold in 5 weeks, 10?^ times in 52, each dollar invested in this article cams (10y=, times 33^ cents) S3.46 in one year. At 20 per cent discount each dollar earns $5.20 in 1 year. Assume that 480 dozen of this same article is offered at 40 per cent discount. It looks good, doesn't it? Let us look into the proposition. 480 dozen at $1 per dozen, amounts to S480, less 40 per cent discount ($192) it costs $288 and sells for (5,760 times 10 cents) S576: the earnings are ($576 minus S288) $288, hence each dollar invested earns $1. Now 480 dozen are a 20 weeks' stock, as this can be turned only (52 divided by 20) 23/$ times a year, each dollar earns but $2.60 in that time. Not so much as that earned by each dollar of the smaller order at one-quarter the discount. Now, suppose that a small retailer sells only one (1) dozen of this same article in a week. He buys it from his jobber and therefore pays $1 per dozen for it, and of course does not get any discount. He retails this at the same price as the chain-stores, 10 cents each, which brings him, then, (12 times 10 cents) $1.20, so that $1 invested in this article earns 20 cents in one week. Now, if he will buy from his jobber only one dozen of this article at a time, his weekly requirement, without discount, once a week, the same dollar of his working capital, by being invested, and re-invested 52 times will earn for him (52 times 20 cents) $10.40 in one year. Compare $10.40 with $3.46 and $2.60, the yearly earnings on one dollar invested in the same article, by the chain-stores at 10 per cent and 40 per cent, discount, one dollar of his working capital has earned three or four times as much as one dollar of theirs. Say that this retailer is offered 4 dozen of this article at 10 per cent discount. Will he take it? He will, also, he will lose. 4 dozen at 10 per cent discount costs $3.60 and sells for (48 times 10 cents) $4.80, difference $1.20, the amount earned by $3.60; then each dollar earns ($1.20 divided by $3.60) 333^ cents, but 4 dozen are 4 weeks' supply, as this can be bought and sold only 13 times in 52 weeks each dollar earns, therefore (13 times 33^ cents), $4.33 in one year. Compare this with $10.40 earned in the same length of time by the weekly order. To illustrate further the utter foolishness of blindly grasping discounts, and to emphasize the importance of the quick turn- over, assume that this retailer is offered 75 per cent discount on this article if he will place a single order for 52 dozen, the quantity he will sell in one yenr 52 dozen at $1 a dozen less 75 per cent costs ($52 minus $39) $13, 52 dozen sells for (624 times 10 cents) $62.40, $13 cost deducted from this leaves $49.40, the amount earned on $13. Now this quantity is turned over only once in a year, therefore each dollar earns ($49.40 divided by $13) $3.80 in that time. Compare $3.80 earned on each dollar of a 75 per cent discount order turned over once a year, with $10.40 earned on each dollar of the no discount order turned over 52 times a year. If these 13 dollars were invested in 13 different articles, as in the $1 weekly order, they would earn in one year (13 times $10.40) $135.20 instead of $49.40 notwithstanding the discount of 75 per cent; and the same amount of capital would carry in stock thirteen items instead of one. Each dollar invested, or re-invested, in any quantity of mer- chandise, whether the order be for $1 or $1,000, will earn ex- actly the same amount in a year as in the instances cited, if the goods be bought at the same prices and discounts and turn d over in the same length of time on the same margin of profit. It has been shown how large discounts on a single article have been more than offset by a quick turnover. Is there any real reason why this could not be done on practically every- thing? The weekly order for a week's requirements also en- ables the smallest retailer to do business on another man's money. He can turn it over and get his money for it in seven days, pay for it in ten days and get a cash discount besides three days after it is sold. And the cash discounts, at 1 per cent, amount in one year to more than one-half (52 per cent) of the amount of the weekly order. The small retailer is in a far better position to turn over his stock faster than is the owner of a chain of stores. It is not scattered, but is all under one roof where he can watch it con- stantly, and, he has a direct personal interest in the results of any plan that will bring him more money. On the other hand the chain-store owner has his stock widely distributed among a number of stores, and must depend on employes who have no further financial interest in his business than their weekly pay. .•\ny retail merchant who will carefully study the principle of the intensive turnover and apply it to every item in his stock can snap his finger at the "chain-store peril." "A Buyer." 198 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [May, 1915 Fighting The Typhus Fever In Servia Rockefeller Foundation Offers Important Work to General Gorgas, Who Cleansed Havana After Spanish- American War Sanitary Commission sent to Serbia by The Rockefeller Foundation. Left to right: Dr. Andreiv Sellards, Harvard Medi- cal School, Clinical Laboratory Assistant; Dr. George C. Shattuck, Harvard Medical School, Clinical Assistant; \V. S. Standifer, Birmingham, Ala., Assistant Sanitary Inspector; Dr. F. B. Grinnell, Harvard Medical School, Assistant Sanitary Inspector; Luis de la Pena of Panama, Assistant Sanitary Inspector {Doctor de la Pena aided General Gorgas in his irork on the Isthmus); Dr. Hans Zinsser, Cohimlna Vnivcrsity, Bacteriologi.si : Dr. Thomas W . Jackson, Spartanburg, S. C, Chief Sanitary Inspector; Hobart D. Brink, of llir .In-ir Ilnspil.il Coip^., I.Urlv ,itl.:rl,,^,l to the Walter Reed Hospital, Washing- ton, Storekeeper; Dr. B. W. Caldwell, Efl iukI'^'iv. . III., II,,^l>il„l A li m i ,sl i I o, . These men will be joined by Dr. Richard P. Stroni;, of Harvard i'mvcruly, in charge of the Commission, Dr. NicoU, of the Pasteur Institute, France, expert typhus consultant, and Charles Eby, disbursing officer. IN 1900, which was shortly after the Spanish-American war, there were 1200 cases of yellow fever in Havana, Cu- ba. In 1901 this had been re- duced to 18 cases and in 1902 the dreadful scourge had been wiped out, not a single case be- ing reported to the health au- thorities during that year. These diminishing figures represent the achievement of William Crawford Gorgas, who first applied practically the dis- covery made by the martyred Major Reed and his associates of the transmission and control of yellow fever whicli had scourged Havana for 140 years. This same William Crawford Gorgas, who is Major Genera Gorgas now, has received an of- fer from the Rockefeller Foun- dation to lead the battle against typhus in Serbia. His accept- ance will probably be condi- tional upon an opportunity to do a large service for humanity. His plans, if he accepts, arc likely to await ihr npoit of the Sanitary Commission rected by D.»ior ki.lni,! ]', Strong of the Harvard Medical School. This ( MiiiiiiissiMii, which is sent by the Rockefeller Fnuiulali.m. s nl, J li,,,,, Xcw York on April 3. l iiiir Great Britain follows France. To that country has been shipiied about 77,000 pounds of absorbent cotton, 162,000 yards of plain and surgical gauze, 4 automobile ambulances. 10.000 yards of bandages, 11,350 pounds of chloroform and ether, 96 cases of surgical supplies, besides many shipments which included stretchers, hot-water bottles, blankets, rubber goods, hospital clothing, and typhoid and tetanus serum. Including the shipments to Serbia, Austria-Hungary, Rus- sia, Belgium, and Germany, the value of these supplies which have been distributed to all the warring countries, are said to be in excess of $1,000,000. May, 1915] THE PHARxMACEUTICAL ERA 19U Thomas A. Edison on Dye Situation Inventor Says American Manufacturers Fear "Dumping" By Germany After the War THOMAS A. EDISON believes coal tar dyes can be manufactured profitably in the United States if Congress will enact an anti-dumping law, similar to the one now operative in Canada. To a representative of die Piiakmaceutic.ai. Er.\ Mr. Edison, in his laboratory in West Orange, N. J., "the home of the Edison industries," gave this exposition of his views on the subject: Dr. Rittman, whose discovery of a new method of extracting ine, benzol and toluol from petroleum, has interested the sci- entific world, and Thomas A. Edi- son, who was the first to begin the manufacture of benzol in this country. {Photographs by Harris & Ewing and Underwood & Underu-ood.) Germany produces approximately 900 colors or shades. Fewer than 100 of these are absolutely essen- tial to our textile manufacturers. Of course the others are valuable from a selling standpoint, but they are not of sufficient importance to affect the industry seriously. !Manv of them attract the feminine ey.-. but are not wholly necessary. Woman was just as beautiful before tiicv were heard of. "The difficulty in the situation i> the apprehension on the part of capi- tal that immediately hostilities in Europe are concluded Germany will proceed to "dump" synthetic dyes in the United States at prices which would preclude successful competi- tion. Favored by labor conditions which give them an advantage of nearly 100 per cent, they could and would make short work of our en- terprise under our existing laws. "I suppose I was the first, or among the first to introduce the practice of "dumping" manufactures in foreign countries. Years ago when I was making electric lights and meeting pretty sharp competi- tion I had my capiul and over head charges, labor cost, etc.. figured pretty closely. I knew the produc- tive capacity of the factory to a lamp. They cost 42 cents, and we were making more than we could sell at a profit. "In these circumstances I sent a salesman to Europe and put the lamps on the market there at 35 cents. We sold thousands of them ab oad, and European manufacturers were not slow in denouncing what they called "a shrewd Yankee trick." We made a great deal of money by the move, because there was no addition to our fixed charges— in fact most of the 35 cents per lamp we received was clear profit. "After the war, if the industry is es- tablished here, the German coal tar dye manufacturers will find themselves in the same position I was in — and they will do the same thing I did unless Con- gress passes an act to prevent them from doing it. "No, I do not think a duty or tariff on imported coal tar dyes is imperative — at any rate if one is needed it should be a moderate one. Nothing like 30 per cent ad valorem, with a specific duty of 7^ per cent., as has been suggested in .some quarters. "Yes, the situation today in the tex- tile industry is serious ; but how many persons will be thrown out of employ- ment through the inability of the manu- facturers to obtain German dyes is somewhat conjectural. Exact data on the quantity of dyes in stock or ob- tainable is not available; consequently estimates, whether 300,000 or 100,000, are largely guess-work. It is enough to know that the situation is portentous. "What we need immediately are primary colors. Take red for example. To manufacture this color beta-naph- thol is required. "It is an easy matter for our chemists to produce everything needed for the manufacture of aniline dyes, but we can look for no full development of the in- 200 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [May, 1915 dustry until some inducement is held out to capital to enter it. "The strictures placed upon American chemists by persons and publications who have only superficial knowledge of the situation deceive the public, it is true; but these critics are barking up the wrong tree." At this point Mr. Edison let it be understood that the predicament of American textile manufacturers is due more than anything else to wliat may be termed "political chemistry" in Washington. "A man who is presumed to know something about a given subject," he continued, "is brought before a commission or committee at the capitol and submitted to a line of hypotheti- cal questioning plainly with the idea either of discrediting him, or displaying the talents of his questioner in what is practically cross-examination. Most men, especially scientists, avoid this sort of an ordeal whenever possible. "The financial backing of my own enterprises in making carbolic acid, benzol and other things needed in our plant was furnished by Henry Ford and Nicholas F. Brady. Neither gentleman expects any commensurate return on his investment. They were actuated wholly by a desire to 'help out' in a situa- tion that promised no little embarrassment. Our equipment at the Silver Lake, N. J. and at the Cambria Steel Works was bought with their money." Concerning the processes of Dr. Walter F. Rittman now be- ing developed in Pittsburgh Mr. Edison said : "It seems to me that Dr. Rittman's process for making gasoline from crude oil is likely to be the. most successful. The demand for gasoline is bound to grow with the increasing use of motors and any method that has a tendency towards lessening the cost of gasoline will be of universal benefit. "Of his benzol and toluol process I am less certain. The future will tell about them." Books Reviewed PERFUMES AND COSMETICS, THEIR PREPARATION AND MANUFACTURE. A complete and practical treatise contain- ing directions and formulas for making handkerchief perfumes, smelling salts, sachets, fumigating pastils, cosmetics, hair dyes, and all toilet preparations, including the use of synthetics. By William Askinson, Dr. Chem. Translated from the German. Revised with additions by W. L. Dudley B. Sc., and a corps of experts. 4th edition. 8 to., 344 pages, cloth $5. New York, Norman W. Henley Publishing Co. This volume, in scope and possible utility, marks an ad- vance over earlier editions, and as such it will be of value to the pharmacist who wishes to manufacture perfumery on the small scale or who desires trustworthy information con- cerning odoriferous substances. In the development of the subject the reader is first told about aromatic substances in general, taking up in order the chemical products used in perfumery, true perfumes and formulas for their manufacture, classification of odors, hygiene and cosmetic perfumery, formu- las for emulsions, creams, meals, pastes, preparations used for the hair, skin cosmetics, and not a little general informa- tion concerning their use. There appears for the first time a chapter on synthetic per- fumes and a tabular synopsis of artificial products employed in such manufacture. The author states that the formulas have been brought up to date by substituting in them arti- ficial for natural products wherever such substitution has been demanded by modern practice. Also new is the chapter on the manufacture of casein and the antiseptic and therapeu- tic values of perfumes. THE BOOK OF PRESCRIPTIONS with notes on the pharmacology and therapeutics of the more important drugs, and an index of diseases and remedies. By E. W. Lucas, F. C. S., pharma- ceutical chemist, etc. With an introduction by Arthur Latham, M. A., M. D., F. R. C. P., physician and lecturer on medicine at St. George's Hospital. 10th edition. Size 4'/$ x 6^ in., 375 pages, cloth $2.50. Philadelphia. P. Blakiston's Son & Co. This book is designed primarily for the prescriber, but it also is of importance to the pharmacist who follows closely in his work the trend of modern prescribing, for the very large number of additions to materia medica during recent years has completely altered the character of the prescriptions writ- ten at the present day. Thus, while the general lines followed in earlier editions have been adhered to, this book defines all the more important synthetic and other remedies, giving spe- cific examples of prescriptions containing those remedies only which have been proved to be of some service in medical practice. Dr. Latham, who writes the introduction, states that everj' drug in common use has been included in this edition, and his recommendation of the book to his British rnnfrcres car- ries considerable weight. In the prescriptions used, the quan- tities according to the imperial system are placed side by side with their practical equivalents according to the metric sys- tem. Dr. Latham's comment that the day has passed when there niv riing to meet them in a scientific and business-like manne: The book contains half tone cuts of all present officers an! members of the board of control, and illustrations of thr members whose death occurred since the previous meeting. The roster of mrmborship corrected to Februan.-, this year, shows the names of 261 active and ,^46 associate member.^ as compared with 262 active, and 347 associate members fcr the year 1013. May, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 201 Digest of U. S. and State Narcotic Laws A convenient Record of All the Legislation now on the Statutes Affecting the Sale of Opiates of Every Kind IN all our histor>' no greater interest has e%-er been evinced in efforts to restrict the sale and distribution of habit- forming drugs than that which has made itself felt during the past two or three years. Evidence of tliis is seen in the mass of legislation that has been enacted in the various States from lime to time, and which culminated in the passage of the Harrison Narcotic Law which became effective on ISIarch 1 of the present year. The various steps in this progressive legislation are shown in the following analysis of the Federal and State anti-narcotic legislation now in force in the United States, which has been prepared by Martin I. \\'ilbert, teclini- cal assistant, division of pharmacology, of the United States Public Health Ser%ice, and uken from the Public Health Re- ports. Space will not permit a full presentation of Mr. Wilbert's comments on this comparative study of enacted legislation, but this fact will become evident to the careful student who at- tempts to follow his work — the absence of uniformity in the laws and their proved inefficiency. To provide for eventual development in this direction he suggests and advocates con- sistent and persistent efforts on the part of all persons inter- ested in the advancement of public health or social better- ment to secure uniform and practical legislation that will effectually preclude the misuse of habit-forming drugs. No one is more interested in this subject than pharmacists, and that they may fully understand what has been done in this direction before attempting to secure other legislation is the principle reason for devoting so much space to this interest- ing analysis of existing narcotic laws. United States Drugs included. — Opium, or coca leaves, or any compound, manufacture, salt, derivative or preparation thereof. Exceptions.— r- Preparations and remedies which do not con- tain more than two grains of opium, or more than one-fourth grain of morphine, or more than one-eighth of a grain of heroin, or more than one grain of codeine, or any salt or derivative of any of them in one fluid ounce, or if a solid or semisolid preparation, in one avoirdupois ounce; or to liniments ointments, or other preparations which are pre- pared for e.xternal use only, e.xcept liniments, ointments, and other preparations which contain cocaine or any of its salts or alpha or beta eucaine or any of their salts or any syn- thetic substitute for them. The provisions of this act shall not apply to decocainized coca leaves or preparations made therefrom, or to other preparations of coca leaves which do not contain cocaine. Sale to consumer. — On the written prescription issued by a physician, dentist, or veterinary surgeon registered under this act. Sale to dealer. — On the written order of the person to whom such article is sold, bartered, exchanged, or given away, on a form to be issued in blank for that purpose by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. Record by pharmacist. — Prescriptions and orders to be pre- served for a period of two years from the day on which such prescription or order is filled. Record by physician. — Physician, dentist, or veterinary sur- geon to keep a record of all such drugs dispensed or dis- tributed for a period of two years from the date of dis- pensing or distributing. Possession. — Unlawful for any person who shall not have registered and paid the special tax to have in his possession or under his control any of the aforesaid drugs. Such pos- session or control shall be presumptive evidence of a viola- tion of the law. Smoking opium. — The importation and use of opium for other than medicinal purposes prohibited and an internal- revenue tax of S.SOO per pound is imposed on opium manu- factured in the United States for smoking purposes. Lazvs enforced by. — Commissioner of Internal Revenue. Penalties. — Fine or imprisonment or both. References. — Act December 17, 1914, and acts, January 17, 1914. Public Health Rept. Reprint No. 240, Pages 22-29. Alabama Drugs included. — Cocaine, alpha or beta eucaine, opium, mor- phine, heroin, or any salt or compound of any of the fore- going substances, or their salts or compounds. E.xccptions. — Preparations containing not more than two grains of opium, or not more than one-fourth grain of heroin, or not more than one-eighth grain of cocaine, or not more than one-eighth grain of alpha or beta eucaine in one fluid ounce, or if a solid preparation, in one avoirdupois ounce. Provided that the above provision shall not apply to prepa- rations containing opium and, recommended and sold in good faith for diarrhea and cholera, each bottle or package of which is accompanied by specific directions for use and a caution against habitual use, nor to powder of ipecac and opium, commonly known as Dover's powder, nor to lini- ments or ointments when plainly labeled "for external use," nor to the sale of laudanum in quantities not exceeding 1 ounce to the same person in one day. Sale to consumer. — Original written order or prescription of a lawfully authorized practitioner of medicine, dentistry, or veterinary medicine. S^ile to dealer. — Law does not apply to sales by jobbers, wholesalers, and manufacturers to general merchandise stores, to retail druggists, or to qualified physicians, or to each other. Record by pharmacist. — Written order or prescription to be preserved on file for a period of not less than five years. Record by physician. — Possession.— Smoking opium. — Laws enforced by. — Board of Pharmacy. Penalties. — Violation a misdemeanor punishable bv Cne. References.— L?LV,'s, 1909, No. 207. Public Health Bulle- tin No. 56, page 58. Local regulations. — Alaska Drug included. — Opium or any preparation of which opium is the principal medicinal agent. Exceptions. — Sale to consumer. — On prescription of a practicing physi- cian. Sale to dealer. — Record by pharmacist. — Prescription to be kept on file for one year. Record by physician. — Possession. — Smoking opium. — Unlawful to sell opium or preparations in which opium is the principal medicinal agent to be smoked on or about the premises where sold. Unlawful to frequent an opium den. Laws enforced by. — Penalties. — Violation punishable by imprisonment or fine. References. — Compiled laws, 1913, sections 2025-2030. Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 61. Local regulations. — Arizona Drugs included. — Opium, morphine, or preparations of either of them, or cocaine, or chloral. Exceptions. — Preparations containing not more than 10 grains of opium, or two-thirds grain of heroin, or one- fourth grain of morphia, or 2 grains of codeine, or 240 grains of chloral hydrate in 1 fluid ounce, providing the dose is not given as more than 1 fluid dram, or if a solid preparation in 1 avoirdupois ounce. 202 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [May, 1915 Sale to consumer. — A prescription properly filled out and signed by duly licensed physician, druggist, dentist, or ve- terinarian. Sale to dealer. — Provisions do not apply to sales by job- bers, wholesalers, and manufacturers to pharmacists. Record by pharmacist. — Prescription is to be retained in a separate file or book and entry kept in a book for that purpose. Record by physician. — Physicians, druggists, veterinarians, and dentists shall keep on record the name and address of persons receiving the proscribed drugs. Record to be pre- served for five years. Possession. — • Smoking opium. — Unlawful to open or maintain any place where opium or any of its preparations are sold or gjven away to be smoked at such place. Laws enforced by. — Board of Pharmacy. Penalties. — Violation, misdemeanor punishable by fine or imprisonment, or both. References. — Revised Statutes, Civil Code, 1913, sections 4817-4818, Revised Statutes, Penal Code, 1913, sections 291- 296. Public Health Rept., reprint No. 146, page 21. Re- vised Statutes, 1901, Penal Code, sections 261-267, Public Health Bulletin. No. 56, page 63. Local regulations. — Arkansas Drugs included. — Cocaine or any of its salts or any prepa- ration or mixture thereof. Exceptions. — Sale to consumer. — On a written prescription of physician or dentist licensed under the laws of this State. Sale to dealer. — Record by pharmacist. — Prescriptions to be filed and pre- served. Record by physician. — Possession. — ■ Smoking opium. — - Laws enforced by. — Prosecuting attorney of county. Penalties. — Fine or imorisonment. References.— L^ws, 1905", No. 278. Public Health Bulle- tin No. 56, page 65. Local regulations. — • California Drugs included. — Cocaine, opium, morphine, codeine, her- oin, alpha eucaine, beta eucaine, novocaine, or chloral hydrate, or anv of the salts, derivatives or compounds of the foregoing substances or any preparation or compound containing any of the foregoing substances, or any prepa- Tation or compound containing any of the foregoing sub- stances or their salts, derivatives, or compounds. Exceptions.- — Preparations containing not more than 2 grains of opium, one-fourth grain of morphine, or one- half grain of codeine, or one-sixth grain of cocaine, or one-sixth grain of heroin, or one-sixth grain of eucaine, or one-sixth grain of novocaine, or one-sixth grain beta eu- caine, or 10 grains chloral hydrate in 1 fluid ounce, or if a solid preparation, in 1 ounce, avoirdupois. Sale to consumer. — On a written order or prescription of a physician, dentist, or veterinary surgeon licensed to prac- tice in this State. Sale to dealer. — Wholesale jobbers, wholesalers, and manu- facturers are reauired to make an entrv of sale in a book open for inspection by proper authorities and preserved for at least five years after the date of the last entry therein. Record by pharmacist. — Prescription to be permanently retained on file. Record by physician.- — Physicians to report in writing the treatment of any habitual user of narcotic drugs. Possession. — Tllocal to possess a pipe or pipes for use for -niokiii'- Mi-in-i ..r .^ll:Mtv, tinctures, or other narcotic ' • ilnigs, pipes used for smok- ing II tiiKtiurs or other narcotic prriKii . ~< ■ i.i iiM\' be seized. I.n:.' li.i.ii.l (.f pharmacy. Pcniii.'ii K I'inr (n imin isdiiniriit ; for third offense im- prisonment for not more than five years. References. — Henning's Geiirral T.aw.s, 1014, chapter 410, section S, 8a. Public Health Rept. Reprint No. 146, page 26. Colorado Drugs included. — Cocaine or its salts, alpha or beta eu- caine or their salts, any compound, mixture, or solution or other product whatever of which cocaine or any of the above drugs is a constituent or ingredient. Exceptions. — Sale to consumer. — On a bona fide written prescription of a duly registered physician. Sale to dealer. — At the time of making sale entry shall be made in a book kept exclusively for that purpose. Record by pharmacist. — Prescription to be kept on file for five years. Record by physician. — Physician to cause record to be made of the drugs used. Possession. — F.Moking opium. — Laws enforced by. — Justices of the peace to have juris- diction in their respective counties. Penalties. — Violation a misdemeanor, punishable by fine or imprisonment. References. — Laws, 1913, chapter 57. Public Health Re- port, Reprint No. 146, page 29. Local regulations. — Denver ordinance No. 20, February 21, 1912. Public Health Rept. Reprint No. 146, page 30. Connecticut Drugs included. — Cocaine, salts of cocaine, or any prepa- ration containing cocaine, eucaine or its salts, or heroin or diacetyl morphine and its salts, or dionin or ethyl morphine or any of its salts or derivatives, or morphine or any de- rivatives thereof, or any gum or natural opium. Exceptions. — Forms adapted to external use only or prepa- rations containing not more than one-half grain of morphine or not more than one-half grain of heroin in 1 fluid ounce, or if a solid preparation, in 1 avoirdupois ounce. Sale to consumer. — On a properly written prescription of a licensed physician within five days after the date of such l)rescription. Sale to dealer. — Only on receipt of a written order on an official order blank supplied by the commissioners of pharmacy. Sales to be reported monthly. Record by pharmacist. — Prescriptions to be retained in a separate file or book, and a record to be made in a book kept for that purpose. Record by physician. — Possession. — No person not specifically authorized shaU liave in his possession at any time more than 5 grains of any of the drugs mentioned. Smoking opium. — Unlawful to keep or maintain a house which is or is reputed to be an opium joint. Laws enforced by. — Commissioners of pharmacy. Penalties. — Fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment of not more than one year, or both. References.— 'Laws, 1913, chap. 191. Public Health Rept Reprint No, 146. p. 29. Laws, 1911, chap. 118. Public Health Bulletin No. 56. p. 80. Local regulations. — Delaware Drugs included. — Morphine, opium, cocaine, chloral hy- drate, or any of their compounds. Exceptions — Law doe> not apply to the sale of paregoric or to niiv (ither iiiild roTii|iound or to persons who are sick or in .hHm! n.,,! ,>f imv of such drugs as a medicine. Sah- to < f');.v,ii,., ». — On a certificate of a licensed physi- cian. Sale to dealer. — Record by pharmacist. — Certificates to be kept on file at place of business, open to inspection by all persons. Record by physician. — Possession. — Smoking opium. — Laws enforced by. — Penalties. — Fine or imprisonment, or both. J?c/crf>ifr5.— Laws, 1913, chap. 182. Public Health Rep. Reprint No. 240, p. 32. Local regulations. — City of Wilmington Ord. July 13, 1903. Public Health Rept. Reprint No. 56. page S3. District of Columbia Drugs included. — Cocaine, salts of cocaine, or preparations containing cocaine, or salts of cocaine; morphine, salts of morphine, or preparation containing morphine or s.ilts of May, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 203 morphine; or any opium, or preparation containing opium; or any chloral hydrate, or preparation containing chloral hydrate. Exceptions. — Preparations containing not more than two grains of opium, or not more than one-quarter grain of morphine, or not more than one-quarter grain of cocaine, nor more than two grains of ciiloral hydrate in one fluid ounce, or if a solid preparation in one avoirdupois ounce. Preparations sold in good faith for diarrhea and cholera, each bottle or package of which is accompanied by specific direc- tions for use and caution against habitual use, nor to lini- ments or ointments sold in good faith as sucli when plainly labeled "for external use only," nor to powder of ipecac and opium, commonly known as Dover's powder when sold in quantities not exceeding 20 grains. Sale to consumer. — On an order or prescription of a law- fully authorized practitioner of medicine, dentistry, or ve- terinary medicine. Sale to dealers. — Record by pharmacist. — Orders or prescriptions to be re- tained on file for a period of three years. • Record by physician. — Possession. — Smoking opium. — ■ Lau-s enforced by. — Board of pharmacy. Penalties. — Fine or imprisonment.. References.— I'nited States Statutes, volume 34. page 179, chapter 2084. Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 86. Local regulations. — Florida Drugs included. — Opium, morphine, cocaine, or its salts, atropine, belladonna, or conium. Exceptions. — Sale to consumer. — Written prescription of a licensed practicing physician. Sale to dealer. — Section does not apply to manufacturers making and selling at wholesale to druggists or to sales thereof for the use of dentists, physicians, hospitals, or infirmaries. Record h\ pharmacist. — Record by physician. — Possession. — Smoking opium. — Laws enforced by. — Penalties. — \'iolation a misdemeanor punishable by im- prisonment or fine. ' References.— l^aws. 1909, chapter 5957. Public Health Bul- letin No. 56. page 88. Local regulations. — Jacksonville Ord. August 9, 1912. Pub- - lie Health Kept. Reprint No. 146, page 33. Georgia Drugs included. — Cocaine, alpha or beta eucaine, opium, '■ morphine, heroin, chloral hydrate, or any salt or compound of f any of the foregoing substances, or any preparation or com- I pound containing any of the foregoing substances, or their k salts or compounds. j E.xceptions. — Preparations containing not more than four )■ grains of opium, or not more than one grain of morphine, or ; not more than one-fourth grain of heroin, or not more than ' one-eighth grain of alpha or beta eucaine, or not more than ' twenty grains of chloral hydrate, in one fluid ounce, or if a solid preparation in one avoirdupois ounce. Preparations con- , taining opium, sold in good faith for diarrhoea and cholera, 'arVi bottle or package of which is accompanied by specific ' - tions for use and caution against habitual use, nor to '"r of ipecac and opium, commonly known as Dover's i-r, nor to liniments or ointments when plainly labeled external use only." .^-.tr to consumer. — Original written order or prescription of ^ i.vfully authorized practitioner of medicine, dentistry, or -inary medicine. to dealer. — Provisions do not apply to sales at whole- R'-rord by pharmacist. — Order or prescription to be perma- nently retained on file. ' Rrcord by physician. — Possession. — .'^"inking opium. — Unlawful to set up, maintain or open any ^ place for the smoking of opium or any preparation thereof. I I Laws enforced by. — Board of Pharmacy. Penalties. — \'iolation a misdemeanor punishable as prescribed in law. References. — Civil Code, 1910, sections 1651-52, Penal Code, If'lO, sections 384 and 459. Public Health Bulletin No. 56, Local regulations. — Idaho Drugs included. — Cocaine, alpha or beta eucaine, opium, morphine, heroin, chloral hydrate, or any salt or compound o! any of the aforegoing substances, or any preparation of compound containing any of the aforegoing substances, or their salts or compounds. Exceptions. — Preparations containtng not more than two grains of opium, or not more than one-fourth grain of mor- phine, or not more than one-fourth grain of heroin, or not more than one-eightli grain of cocaine, or not more than one- eighth grain of alpha or beta eucaine, or not more than ten grains of chloral hydrate in one fluid ounce, or if a solid preparation in one avoirdupois ounce. Preparations contain^ ing opium and recommended and sold in good faith for diarr- hoea and cholera, each bottle or package of which is accom- panied by some specific directions for use, and caution against habitual use, nor to powder of ipecac and opium commonly known as Dover's powder, nor to liniments or ointments when plainly labeled "for external use only." Sale to consumer. — On order or prescription of a lawfully authorized practitioner in medicine, dentistry, or veterinary medicine. Sale to dealer. — Provisions do not apply to sales at whole- sale. Record by pharmacist. — Order or prescription to be perma- nently retained on file. Record by physician. — Possession. — • S>moking opium. — Unlawful to open, maintain, or keep a resort for the purpose of smoking opium, or any preparation containing opium. Also unlawful to bargain for, buy, take, or accept any opium or preparation containing opium in any house or place to be taken on the premises. Laws enforced by. — County attorneys. Penalties. — Violation a misdemeanor punishable by fine and subsequent violation punishable by fine and imprisonment. References. — Revised Code, 1908 (as amended by Laws, 1909, H. B. 98), sections 1400a to 1400c and sections 6830 to 6832. Public Health Bulletin No. 56, p. 97. Local regulations. — Illinois Drugs included. — Cocaine, alpha or beta eucaine, or any salt or compound or derivative of any of the foregoing sub- stances, or any preparation or compound containing any of the foregoing substances, or any of their salts or compounds or derivatives. Exceptions. — Sale to consumer. — On the written prescription of a duly registerfd physician. Sale to dealer. — May be sold at wholesale on the written order of a licensed pharmacist or licensed druggist, duly regis- tered practicing licensed dentist, or licensed veterinarian. An entry of the sale to be preserved for at lest five years. Record hy pharmacist. — Prescription to be permanently re- tained on file. Record by physician. — Po.^.<:e.<:sion.— Smoking opium. — La-u-s enforced by. — Board of Pliarmacv. Penalties. — Violation a misdemeanor, fine or imprisonment. References. — Revised Statutes, 1913. chapter 91, section 32a to ,^2c. Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 103. Local regulations. — Indiana Drugs included. — Cocaine, alpha or beta eucaine, opium, morphine or heroin, cannabis indira, or nny ^alt or any com- pound or derivative of any of the {<>vcu.i>\ui' -ul .,i ,i n. '-s, or any preparation or roinpound containint; nny nf \\ir 'ni. uning sub- stances or any of tluir snlts or rnm|iovimls nr derivatives. Exceptions. — Prfpar:iti'iii';. fiatcnt or proprieta ly, containing not more than 2 grains i.f npiuni. or one-fourth grain of its alkaloidal salts or their derivatives to the ounce, or admix- 204 THE PHAKMACEUTICAL ERA [May, 191£ tures of ipecac and opium, commonly known as Dover's powders, liniments, suppositories, ointments, and plasters, plainly labeled "for external use only." Sale to consumer. — Written prescription of a duly registered physician, licensed veterinarian, or licensed dentist. Sale to dealer. — Before delivering any of the articles enum- erated an entry of the sale thereof is to be made in a book kept for that purpose; said book shall always be open for the inspection of proper officials of the law and shall be preserved for five years after the date of the last entry therein. Report of sales to be made monthly to the board of pharmacy. Record by pharmacist. — Prescriptions to be permanently re- tained on file. Record by physician. — Possession. — Smoking opium. — Laws enforced by. — Indiana State Board of Pharmacy. Penalties. — Violation of act a misdemeanor, pimishable by fine and imprisonment. References.— I^aws, 1913, chapter 118. Public Health Rept. Reprint No. 146, page 37. Local regulations. — Iowa Drugs included. — Coca (erythroxylon coca), cocaine, alpha or beta eucaine or derivatives of any of them or any preparation containing them or derivatives of them, or cotton root, ergot, oil of tansy, oil of savin, or derivatives of any of them. Exceptions. — Sale to consumer. — On the original written prescription of a registered physician or veterinary or licensed dentist personally known to the seller. Sale to dealer. — Law does not apply to sales at wholesale. Record by pharmacist. — Record by physician. — Possession. — Smoking opium. — Unlawful to maintain any place in which opium or any of its preparations or compounds are sold or given away to be used for smoking in such place. Laws enforced by. — Peace officers, county attorney to prose- cute. Penalties. — Fine; second offence, fine or imprisonment. References. — Laws, 1911, chapter 126; Code 1897, section 5003; Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 112. Local regulations. — Kansas Drugs included. — Morphine, cocaine, or chloral. Exceptions. — Sale to consumer.- — Prescription of a physician. Sale to dealer. — Record by pharmacist. — Record by physician.- , . Possession. — ■ Smoking opium. — Laws enforced by. — Penalties. — Violation a misdemeanor, punishable by fine or by imprisonment. References. — General Statutes, 1909, section 3099; Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 117. Local regulations. — Kentucky Drugs included. — Alkaloid cocaine, or .6 salts, or alpha or beta eucaine, or their salts, or any admixture containing co- caine or eucaine. Opium or its alkaloidal salts or their derivatives, or any ad- mixture containing opium or its alkaloidal salts or their de- rivatives. Exceptions. — Cocaine, none. Opium preparations, patent, proprietary or otherwise, con- taining not more than 2 grains of opium or one-fourth of a grain of its alkaloidal salts or their derivatives to the ounce or admixture of ipecac and opium commonly known as Dover's powder, or the antispasmodic mixtures of the National Formu- lary official at the time of sale, or lotions, liniments, supposi- tories, ointments and plasters plainly labeled "For external use only." Sale to consumer. — On the original written prescription of a legally qualified physician, dentist, or veterinary surgeon. Sale to dealer. — Proscribed drugs, sold at wholesale only to pharmacists and to legally qualified physicians, dentists, and veterinarians. Record by pharmacist. — Prescription to be kept on file b; pharmacists. Record by physician. — Possession. — Smoking opium. — Laws enforced by. — Board of pharmacy. Penalties. — Violation a misdemeanor, punishable by fine. References. — Carroll's Statutes, 1909, section 2635a an Laws, 1912, House Bill No. 203. Public Health Bulletin 56, page 203. Local regulations. — Louisiana Drugs included. — Law: Cocaine, "crown," or concoction ii which cocaine is the principal ingredient. Sanitary Code: Cocaine, eucaine, opium, morphine, heroir or any salts or compounds of the foregoing substances or an preparation or compound containing any of the foregoing suh stances, or their salts or compounds. Exceptions. — Law: The sale or barter of patent or proprie tary medicines. Sanitary code : Paregoric and bona fide proprietary medicine containing not more than two grains of opium, or more tha two-fifths of a grain of morphine, or not more than one-ha of a grain of heroin in one fluid ounce, or if a solid prepara tion, not more than one avoirdupois ounce. Preparatioi containing opium, recommended and sold in good faith f( diarrhea and cholera, when each botde or package is accon panied by directions telling its use or a caution against hab; tual use, nor to the powder of ipecac and opium (common I known as Dover's powder), or to liniments or ointments cor taining cocaine or its salts, when plainly labeled "for extern, use only." Sale to consumer. — Law: Prescriptions of an authoriz' practicing physician. Sanitary code: On the original written order or prescriptif of a lawfully authorized practitioner of medicine or bona fi' prescriptions of dentists. Sale to dealer. — Sanitary code: Provisions do not apply sales to hospitals, scientific colleges, or public institutioi physicians, and dentists. Record by pharmacist. — Sanitary code: Prescriptions order to be permanently retained on file. Record by physician. — Possession. — Smoking opium. — Laws enforced by. — Sanitary code : Louisiana State Board Health. Penalties. — Law: Misdemeanor, punishable by fine or i: prisonment or both. Sanitary code: Fine. For second offense, fine or imprisi ment or both. References. — Law: Revised Laws, Supplement, 1908, r 147. Public Health Bulletin Xo. 56, page 123. Sanitary code: Sanitary code, 1911, sections 551-5 Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 123. Local regulations. — Maine Drugs included. — Cocaine, or alpha or beta eucaine, or of their salts or any synthetic substitute for them, or preparation containing the same, or any salts or compoi: thereof, opium, morphine, heroin, codeine, cannabis indicn cannabis sativa, or any salt, compound, or preparation of s substances. Exceptions. — Cough remedies and other domestic and i prietary preparations which do not contain more than grains opium, or one-hnlf grain morphine, or one-fourth c heroin, or one grain codeine or their salts in one fluid o.: or, if a solid pi-cii,ir,ition, in one avoirdupois ounce: prcj' tions containing opium or its salts as remedies for diarrl i cholera, or neuralgia; Dover's powders: also liniments :i ointments which are prepared for external use only. Sale to consumer. — Cocaine, etc. On the written prescr tion of physician, dentist, or vctcrinan.- surgeon registfi under the law of the State in which he resides. Sale to dealer. — Cocaine, etc. Upon a written order, wh order is to be kept on file for at least two years. Record by pharmacist. — Prescriptions to be preser\'cd for least two years. Record by physicinn. — Practitioner of medicine. surfU dentistry, or veterinary medicine to keep a record in a b< May, 1915] THE PHAEMACEUTICAL ERA 205 of the name and address of a patient treated and the quan- tity of the drug dispensed, furnished, or given away on each separate occasion. Possession. — Unauthorized possession of any of the drugs aiunierated is illegal and prima facie evidence that such pos- aession is unlawful. Smoking opium. — Laxi's enforced by. — Penalties. — Fine or imprisonment, or both. References.— Uiv^s, 1913, chap. 211. Public Health Rept. Reprint No. 146, page 43. Local regulations. — Maryland Drugs included. — Cocaine, eucaine, opium, morphine, heroin, ■chloral hydrate, or any salts or compounds of any of the fore- going substances or any preparation or compound containing any of the foregoing substances or their salts or their com- pounds. Exceptions. — Provisions shall not apply to paregoric, lauda- num, or to bona fide proprietary medicines containing codeine •or not more than 2 grains of opium, or not more than two- ^ths grain of morphine, or not more than one-fourth grain of heroin, or not more than 10 grains of chloral hydrate in 1 fluid ounce, or, if a solid preparation, in 1 avoirdupois n :- nor to preparations containing opium and recommended 1 in good faith for diarrhea and cholera, each bottle .ige of which is accompanied by specific directions. :o consumer. — The original written order or prescrip- tion of a lawfully authorized practitioner of medicine, den- tistry, or veterinary medicine. Sale to dealer. — Record by pharmacist. — Prescription to be permanently re- tained on file. Record by physician. — Possession. — Unlawful for unauthorized person to possess any of the proscribed drugs. Smoking opium. — Unlawful to set up or establish in any .,phce whatsoever any apparatus or device whereby opium may be used by smoking in any manner by other persons. , La:us enforced by. — Board of Pharmacy and all prosecuting ofiBcers. Penalties. — Violation of the law a misdemeanor, punishable by fine or imprisonment, or both. I References. — Bagby's Annotated Code, 1914, volume 3, ar- fdcle 27, section 251-254, 374, 378. Public Health Bulletin ». ■, Local regulations. — Baltimore (Swann ordinance). Public ^Health Bulletin No. 56, page 130. . Massachusetts \: Drugs included. — Cocaine, or any of its salts, alpha or beta ' Sicaine, or any of their salts or any synthetic substitute for if-Jiem. 1 Opium, morphine, heroin, codeine, cannabis indica, cannabis tativa, or any preparation thereof, or any salt of the said sub- I ;tance. [ Exceptions. — Cocaine: None. , Opium, etc.: Prescriptions, preparations, or remedies that do ^JOt contain more than two grains of opium or more than one- .juarter of a grain of heroin, or more than one grain of co- lein'\ or more than one-half of a grain of extract of cannabis or more than one-half of a grain of extract of cannabis or any salt or compound of any of them in one fluid or if a solid or semisolid preparation, to the avoirdupois ui. :; nor to liniments, ointments, or other preparations which Jt prepared for external use only; nor to preparations con- , lining any of the said substances which are sold in good faith or diarrhea or cholera, or neuralgia, and which do not con- [ ain more than six gi-ains of opium or more than three-quar- 1 era of a grain of morphine to each fluid ounce, or if a solid ' T semisolid preparation to the avoirdupois ounce ; not to any ' ompound medicinal tablets, pills, or powders containing not .'ver one-twentieth of a grain of morphine or one-quarter of j grain of codeine, or any of their salts, except heroin, to each i^'ill, powder, or tablet. Sale to consumer. — On the written prescription or order of 1 registered physician, dentist, or veterinary surgeon. Sale to dealer. — On a written order duly signed, said order Ij 3 be kept on file for a period of not less than two years from 1^ the date of delivery and shall be at all times open to inspec- tion by proper officials. Record by pharmacist. — Prescriptions to be retained on file for a period of at least two years. Record by physician. — Every physician, veterinarian, and dentist shall keep a record in a suitable book of the names and addresses of all persons to whom he dispenses narcotics. Possession. — Unlawful to possess cocaine. Smoking opium. — Laws enforced by. — State board of health. Penalties. — Violation a misdemeanor punishable by fine or iiBprisonment or both. References.— 'Laws, 1910, chapter 387. Public Health Bul- letin No. 56, page 135. Laws, 1914, chapter 694. Public Health Rept. Reprint No. 240, page 43. Local regulations. — Michigan Drugs included. — Cocaine or its salts and alpha or beta eu- caine or any of their salts; or any compound, mixture or so- lution or other product whatsoever of which cocaine or any salts or alpha or beta eucaine or any of their salts is a con- stituent or ingredient. ^Morphine or its salts or its derivatives. Exceptions. — • Sale to consumer. — Cocaine. On the written prescription of a registered physician. Morphine, on the original prescription of a legally practicing physician, dentist, or veterinary surgeon. Sale to dealer. — Cocaine: On a written order duly signed. Morphine: Sales at wholesale not restricted. Record by pharmacist. — Prescription to be kept on file and open to inspection. Record by physician. — Possession. — Smoking opium. — Laws enforced by. — Board of Pharmacy. Penalties. — Violation a misdemeanor punishable by fine or imprisonment or both. References.— L.o-wdVs Michigan Statutes, 1913, sections 3360-3365, 5150. Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 134. Local regulations. — Minnesota Drugs included. — Cocaine, hydrochlorate, or any salt or com- pound of cocaine, or preparation containing cocaine. Exceptions. — Sale to consumer. — On the written prescription of a physi- cian, dentist, or veterinarian, licensed under the laws of this State. Sale to dealer. — In original packages only. Record by pharmacist. — Prescriptions to be filed and pre- served. Record by physician.— Possession — ^mo'm^ opium. — iTnawf il to cper. or nu- ntai'.i a resort where opium or any of its preparations shall be sold or given away to be smoked or used therein. Laws enforced by. — The county attorney to prosecute on complaint being made. Penalties. — Fine or imprisonment. References. — General Statutes, 1913, sections 5041-5042, 8965. Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 145. Local regulations. — Minneapolis City Ordinances, October 10, 1913. Public Health Report Reprint No. 240, page SO St. Paul City Ordinance. Mississippi Drugs included. — Cocaine in any quantity whatsoever. Exceptions. — Sale to consumer. — On prescription of regular licensed phy- sician or dentist. Sale to dealer. — Record by pharmacist. — Record by physician. — Possession. — Possession of cocaine by person not authorized by law to sell or purchase the same considered presumptive evidence that the person is engaged in keeping the same for sale. Smoking opium. — Laws enforced by. — Justice of the peace of the county. Penalties. — Imprisonment. 206 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [May, 19 1: References. — Code, 1906, chapter 28, as amended by Laws, 1910, chapter 186. PubHc Health Bulletin No. 56, page 147. Laws, 1914, chapter 144. Public Health Rept. Reprint No. 240, page 51. Local regulations. — Missouri Drugs included. — Cocaine, hydrochlorate, or other salt or any compound of cocaine, or preparation containing cocaine or any compound thereof. Exceptions. — • Sale to consumer. — On the written prescription of a licensed physician or licensed dentist. Sale to dealer. — Provisions do not apply to sales at whole- sale. Record by pharmacist. — Record by physician. — ■ Possession. — Smoking opium. — Unlawful to frequent or to maintain any place where opium, hashish, or any other deadly drugs are smoked for the purpose of smoking such deadly drug or drugs. Laws enforced by. — Penalties. — Fine ; second offense fine or imprisonment, or both. References.— Revised Sututes, 1909, section 5786, 5787, and 4822. Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 150. Local regulations. — Joplin, Mo,, city ordinance, September 1, 1914. Public Health Rept Reprint No. 240, page 54. Montana Drugs included. — Opium, morphine, alkaloid-cocaine, or al- pha or beta eucaine, or codeine, or heroin, or any derivative, mixture,' or preparation of any of them. Exceptions. — Patent or proprietary or medicinal preparations containing opium, or morphine, in combination with other active elements where the dose of opium is less than one-quar- ter grain, or morphine not more than one-twentieth grain, or codeine not more than one-quarter grain, or heroin not more than one-twelfth grain. Sale to consumer. — On the signed prescription of a physi- cian or veterinarian duly licensed under the law of the State. Sale to dealer. — Exempts sales to licensed physicians, vete- rinarians, and druggists. Record by pharmacist. — Prescription to be retained for a period of two years. Record by physician.— Posscssioti. — • Smoking opium. — Unlawful to open or maintain or to resort to any place where opium or any of its preparations is sold or given away to be smoked at any such place. Laws enforced by. — Penalties. — Fine or imprisonment or both. References. — Laws, 1911, chapter 11, Revised Code, ' 1907, section 8377. Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 154. Nebraska Drugs included. — Cocaine. Exceptions. — Sale to consumer. — On the prescription of a physician. Sale to dealer. — Does not prohibit sale to retail druggists, physicians, or dentists, nor the use in prescriptions of this drug by dentists in the practice of their profession. Record by pharmacist. — , Record by physician. — Possessio7i. — Smoking opium. — Cities permitted to regulate, prohibit, and suppress opium joints, dens, and other disorderly houses. Laws enforced by. — Penalties. — References.— Cohhey's Annotated Statutes, 1911, section 2101a. Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 157. Local regulations. — Nevada Drugs included.— Cor.unr. opium, morphitio, codeine, hero- in, .ilpliii (ii.iiiii. 1m I, .iiiiiiir, iiovoraiiir. nr chloral hydrate or aiix ol til. ^ ilis, .1- I iv.iiivcs, (ir r<>niiHUin- sician, dentist, or veterinarian licensed to practice in this State Sale to dealer. — An entry of the sale of each article to 1 made in a book kept for that purpose. Such books should 1^ preserved for at least five years after the date of the last entr therein. Record by pliarmacist. — Prescriptions to be permanently ri tained on file. Record by physician. — ■ Possession. — Smoking opium. — Unlawful to possess an opium pipe or ■ keep a place of any kind to be used as a resort for the usi' - of opium or any of its preparations. Laws enforced by. — Officials in charge of the food and iru,^ act to cooperate with the State board of phar nacy. Penalties. — First and second offtn.se a misdemeanor, thii \ oflonsc', a irlcnj References.— 'LiLV.s, 1913, chapter 207. Public Health Rep- Reprint No. 146, page 57. Compiled laws, 1899, sectior 5 4811-4816. Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 160. Local regulations. — New Hampshire Drugs included. — Cocaine or any of its salts or any synthtt substitute for the aforesaid or any preparation containing ai of the same. Exceptions. — ■ Sale to consumer. — On the original written prescription a physician. Sale to dealer. — Does not apply to sales to apothecari' druggists, physicians, veterinarians, and dentists. Record by pharmacist. — Prescriptions to be retained ai J kept on file. Record by physician. — • Possession. — Smoking opium. — Laws enforced by. — State board of health. Penalties. — Fine or imprisonment or both. References.— L?L\\?>. 1909, chapter 162. Public Health Bul- letin No. 56, page 162. Local regulations. — New Jersey Drugs included. — The alkaloid cocaine or its salt, alpha : beta eucaine or their salts, opium, morphine, codeine, chlo- . or any of the derivatives of chloral, or any admixture of > caine or eucaine or any patent or proprietary remedy conta; ing cocaine or eucaine. Exceptions. — Sale to consumer. — On the written prescription of a d. licensed and practicing physician. Sale to dealer. — Drugs may be sold on the written order a duly licensed physician, dentist, or veterinary surgeon person regularly engaged in the wholesale drug trade, and entry of the sale is to be made in a book kept for that p pose. Record by pharmacist. — Prescription to be preserved for ■ least five years. Record by physician. — Possession. — I'nwarranted possession a misdemeanor. Smoking opium.— Cily council has power to restrict suppress opium joints. L.r.rs rnforrrd by.— /'i ll ./.'iV* \ iolation of law a misdemeanor, 7\, ■ ». ;/, , V Compiled Statutes, 1910, voiume 2. page 17"6 Public Heahh lUilletin No. 56. page 166. Local regulations. — New Mexico Drugs included. — Opium or its preparations contiining ir • than 2 grains of opium to the ounce, or its alkaloids, er • and cotton root or their preparations, coca or its preparati or alkaloids, oil of tansy, oil of pennyroyal, oil of savine any emmcnagogue or other abortive agent. Exceptions. — Preparations containing less than 2 grain;; opium to the ounce as above. Sale to consumer. — On the written prescription of a regul : licensed physician. .May, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 207 Sale to dealer. — No provisions other than that the law does not "apply to regularly licensed physicians dispensing poisons to their patients." Record by pharmacist. — Record by physician. — Possession. — Synoking opium. — Unlawful for any person to keep or main- tain what is commonly known as a hop or opium joint. Laifs enforced by. — Board of pharmacy. Penalties. — \'iolation a misdemeanor, punishable by fine or imprisonment or both. References.— La.\\s, 1909, chapter 142. Public Health Bul- letin No. 56, page 173. Local regulations. — New York Drugs included. — Alkaloid cocaine or its salts, or alpha or beta eucaine or their salts, or any admixture, compound, so- lution, or product of which cocaine or eucaine or their salts may be an ingredient. Chloral, opium or any of its salts, alkaloids, or derivatives, or any compound or preparation of any of them. E.xceptions. — Cocaine: Prescriptions for less tlian 1 grain to the fluid ounce or 2 grains to the ounce of ointment may be refilled. Chloral and opium: Domestic and proprietary remedies, ac- tually sold in good faith as medicine, tliat do not contain more than 2 grains of opium, or one-fourth grain of morphine, or one-fourth grain of heroin, or 1 grain of codeine, or 10 grains of chloral or their salts in 1 fluid ounce, or, if a solid prepara- tion, in 1 avoirdupois ounce, nor to plasters, liniments, and ointments for external use only. Sale to consumer. — Cocaine: On the written prescription of physician registered to practice in the State of New York. Chloral and opium : On the written prescription of a duly licensed physician, veterinarian, or dentist. Sale to dealer. — Cocaine may be sold in the original package at wholesale provided a record of sale be kept. Chloral and opium may be sold only on orders written on oincial order blanks furnished by the State commissioner of health. Record by pharmacist. — Cocaine: Written prescriptions to be retained. Chloral and opium: Prescriptions to be retained. Record by physician. — Chloral and opium : Physicians, drug- gists, pharmacists, veterinarians, and dentists to keep on record the name and address of each person to whom the enumerated drugs are administered or disposed of in any way. Record to 1 be preserved for five years. Possession. — Possession must be justified by certificate issued ' by dispenser. Amount of cocaine and related products in : possession of retail druggists or medical practitioners limited . by law. Smoking opium. — Unlawful to maintain or resort to any : place where opium or any of its preparations is smoked. i| Laws enforced by. — Commissioner of health. I Penalties. — Violation a misdemeanor. I» References.— 'Ldiws 1913, chapter 470. Public Health Rept. I Reprint No. 146, page 63. Laws 1914, chapter 363. Public \ Health Rept. Reprint No. 240, page 65. Consolidated laws, : 1909. section 1533. Public Health Bulletin No. 56, p. 174. I Local regulations. — New York City Ord. Bd. of Health, w 1914. Public Health Rept. Reprint No. 240, page 65. Sche- , nectady Ord , 1913. Public Health Rept. Reprint No. 240, i page 68. North Carolina Drugs included. — Cocaine, alpha or beta eucaine, or any mixture of either or any salt or compound of any of the fore- going substances, or any preparation or compound containing ' any of the foregoing substances or their salts or compounds. Opium, morphine, heroin, or any salt or compound of any ' of the foregoing substances, or any preparation or compound . containing any of the foregoing substances, or their salts or i compounds. I Exceptions. — Cocaine: None. I Opium, etc.: Preparations containing opium and recom- ^ mended and sold in good faith for diarrhea and cholera, each I bottle or package of which is accompanied by specific direc- tions for use, and a caution against habitual use, nor to . powder of ipecac and opium, commonly known as "Dover's I powder"; not to liniments or ointments when plainly lalicled I "For external u.se onlv." il Sale to consumer.— Coca.mt. On the prescription of a licensed physician. Opium, etc. On the written order or prescription of a lawfully authorized practitioner of medicine, dentistry, or veterinary medicine. Sale to dealer. — Sales to pharmacists, chemists, and sales for scientific, public or medicinal uses permitted. Record by pharmacist . — Prescriptions to be at all times open to inspection of authorized oflicers of the law. Record by physician. — Possession. — Possession of the above drugs a misdemeanor. Smoking opium. — Laws enforced by. — Board of pharmacy. Penalties. — Cocaine. Violation a misdemeanor punishable by fine or imprisonment or both. References.— Fuhlic Laws, 1913, chapter 81. Public Health Rept. Reprint No. 146, page 65. Pell's Revisal 1908, chapter 95, as amended by Laws 1909, chapter 713. Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 179. Local regulations. — ■ North Dakota Drugs included. — Cocaine or products which contain cocaine or any of its salts or derivatives. E.xceptions. — ■ Sale to consumer. — On the written prescription of a licensed physician, dentist, or veterinary surgeon. Sale to dealer. — Record by pharmacist. — ■ Record by physician.— Possession. — Smoking opium. — Place used for the smoking of opium de- clared to be a public nuisance. Laws enforced by. — Penalties. — Violation a misdemeanor punishable by fine. References.— CompWtd laws, 1913, sections 504-505, 2943, Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 182. Local regulations. — ■ Ohio Drugs included. — Cocaine, alpha or beta eucaine or alypin, morphine, acetyl-morphine, diacetyl-morphine, di-acetyl-ester- morphine, ethyl morphine, heroin, chloral hydrate, opium, or any of their alkaloids, salts, derivatives or compounds, or any .synthetic equivalent thereof, either as to the physical proper- ties or physiological action. Exceptions. — Liquid preparations sold in good faith as medi- cines containing not more than two grains of opium, or not more than one-fourth grain of morphine, or not more than one- fourth grain of heroin, or not more than one-eighth grain of alpha or beta eucaine, or not more than 10 grains of chloral hydrate in 1 fluid ounce, or if a solid preparation, in 1 avoir- dupois ounce. Sale to consumer. — On the original written prescription of a physician, dentist, or veterinary surgeon duly licensed under the laws of this State. Sale to dealer. — Law does not apply to sale at wholesale of any quantity of the above mentioned drugs to duly registered pharmacists, physicians, dentists, or veterinary surgeons. Record by pharmacist. — Prescriptions to be kept on file for at least two years. Record by physician. — Possession. — Possession by unauthorized persons shall le prima-facie evidence of violation of the law by such person. Smoking opium. — Unlawful to maintain or to resort to a place where opium is smoked. Laws enforced by. — Penalties. — Fine or imprisonment, or both. Re/erencej.— Laws, 1913, No. 326. Public Health Rept. Reprint No. 146, page 68. General Code, 1910, section 12679. Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 186. Local regulations. — Oklahoma Drugs included. — Cocaine, alpha or beta eucaine, opium, morphine, codeine, heroin, or any salt or compound of any of the foregoing substances, or their salts or compounds. Exceptions. — Preparations containing opium, rrorphine, co- deine, heroin, or any salt or compound of the foregoing sub- stances, and recommended and sold in good faith; each bottle or package of which is accompanied by specific directions for use, nor to powder of ipecac and opium, commonly known as Dover's powder, nor to liniments or ointments when plainly labeled "for external use onlv." 208 THE PHAEMACEUTICAL ERA [Mat, 1915 Sale to consumer. — On the original written order or pre- scription of a lawfully authorized practitioner of medicine, dentistry, or veterinary medicine. Sale to dealer. — Provisions do not apply to sales at whole- sale. Record by pharmacist. — Orders or prescriptions to be per- manently retained on file. Record by physician. — Possession. — Smoking opium. — Laws enforced by. — Peace officers; county attorney to prose- cute. Penalties. — Violation of law a misdemeanor punishable by fine; subsequent violations, fine or imprisonment. References. — Laws, 1910, chapter 52. Public Health Bul- letin, No. 56, page 191. Local regulations. — Oregon Drugs included. — Cocaine, opium, morphine, codeine, heroin, alpha eucaine, beta eucaine, novocaine, or chloral hydrate or any of the salts, derivatives, or compounds of the foregoing substances or their salts, derivatives, or compounds. Exceptions. — Preparations containing less than two grains opium, or one-fourth grain morphine, or one-half grain co- deine, or one-sixth grain heroin, or one-sixth grain cocaine, or one-sixth grain eucaine, or one-sixth grain novocaine, or one-sixth grain beta eucaine, or ten grains chloral hydrate in one fluid ounce, or if a solid preparation in one avoirdupois ounce, and the sale or compounding of remedies for veterinary purposes and liniments. Sale to consumer. — On the written order or prescription of a physician, dentist, or veterinary surgeon licensed to practice in this State. Sale to dealer. — Law does not apply to sales at wholesale. Record by pharmacist. — Prescription or order to be perma- nently retained on file. Record by physician. — Possession. — Unlawful for unauthorized person. Smoking opium. — Unlawful to maintain or frequent an opium den. Laws enforced by. — Board of Pharmacy. Penalties. — Fine or imprisonment or both. References.— Lsiws, 1913, chapter 164. Public Health Rept. Reprint No. 116, page 71. Lord's Oregon Laws, 1910, chap- ter 8, sections 2155-2158. Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 195. Local regulations. — Pennsylvania Drugs included. — Cocaine, or its salts, derivatives, or com- pounds; or alpha or beta eucaine, or their salts, derivatives or compounds; or any substance or preparation containing co- caine, its salts, derivatives, or compounds, or alpha or beta eucaine, their salts, derivatives, or compounds. Exceptions. — Sale to consumer. — On the original written prescription of a duly registered practicing physician, dentist, or veterinarian. Sale to dealer. — Record of sales to be made in a book kept for that purpose and orders for drugs kept on file and quar- terly reports of the sales to be made to the Board of Phar- macy. Record by pharmacist. — Prescriptions to be Kept on file for at least five years. Record by physician. — Possession. — Possession by unauthorized per-sons illegal. Smoking opimn. — Illegal to maintain or frequent a place where opium is smoked, or to keep or exhibit any apparatus, device, or instrument for the smoking of opium. Laws enforced by.— Board of Pharmacy. Penalties. — Violation punishable by fine or imprisonment or both. References.— V-ardon'z Digest, 13th Edition, 1905, volume 1, page 990; Supplement, 1909, volume 5, page 5298. Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 198. Local regulations. — Pittsburgh, Pa., Ord. Nov. 16, 1914. Public Health Rept. Reprint No. 240, p. 73. Rhode Island Drugs included. — ^Cocaine, heroin, alpha or beta eucaine, opium, morphine, chloral hydrate, or any alkaloid, salt or compound containing any of the foregoing substances. Exceptions. — Preparations containing not more than six grains of opium, or not more than one-quarter grain of mor- phine, or not more than two grains of chloral hydrate, or, not more than one-sixteenth of a grain of cocaine, in one fluid ounce, or if a solid preparation, in one avoirdupois ounce ; and preparations containing opium and sold in good faith for diarrhea and cholera, each bottle or package of which is accompanied by specific directions for use, and a caution against habitual use, nor to liniments or ointments when plainly labeled "For external use only." Sale to consumer. — On the original written order or pre- scription of a practitioner of medicine, dentistry, or veterinary medicine, such order or prescription not to be recompounded or redispensed if it bears the vi^ords "not to be repeated," signed by the prescriber. Sale to dealer. — Provisions do not apply to sales at whole- sale. Record by pharmacist. Original prescription to be perma- nently retained on file. Record by physician. — Possession. — Unauthorized possession illegal and deemed* evidence of violation. Smoking opium. — Laws enforced by. — Board of pharmacy. Penalties. — Violation a misdemeanor punishable by fine and subsequent violations punishable by fine and imprisoimient. References. — General Laws, 1909, chapter 178. Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 212. Laws, 1914, chapter, 1087. Public Health Rept. Reprint No. 240, Page 82. Local regulations. — South Carolina Drugs included. — Cocaine or any compound or mixture thereof. Exceptions. — Sale to consumer. — On the written prescription of a medi- cal practitioner. Sale to dealer. — Sales by wholesale druggists to retail or wholesale druggist or use by licensed dental practitioner in his practice. Record by pharmacist. — Record by physician. — Possession. — Illegal possession a misdemeanor and evidence of intent to violate the law. Smoking opium. — Laws enforced by. — Board of Health. Penalties. — Violation a misdemeanor punishable by fine or imprisonment or both. References. — Laws, 1907, No. 250, as amended by Laws, 1911, No. 85. Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 215. Local regulations. — South Dakota Drugs included. — Opium or any commodity of which opiun: is an ingredient. Exceptions. — Sale to consumer. — Only by person having a written permit or license from the authorities of city or town in which such person carries on business. Sale to dealer. — Record by pharmacist. — Record by physician. — Possession. — Smoking opium. — Unlawful to smoke opium or to maintain a place where opium may be smoked. Laws enforced by. — .Ml ministerial officers. Penalties. — Violation a misdemeanor, punishable by fine or imprisonment or botli. References. — Revised Codes, 1903. Political Code, sections 2861-2866. Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 218. Local regulations. — Tennessee Drugs included. — Opium or coca leaves, or any compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, or preparation thereof. Exceptions. — Preparations and remedies which do not con- tain more than 2 grains of opium or more than one-fourth of a grain of morphine, or more tlian one-twelfth of a grain of heroin, or more than 1 grain of codeine, or any salt or deri\'a- tive of any of them in 1 fluid ounce, or. if a solid preparation, in 1 avoirdupois ounce; or to liniments, ointments, or other preparations which are prepared for external use only, except May, 1915] THE PHARjMACEUTICAL ERA 209 liniments, ointments, and other preparations which contain cocaine or any of its salts, or alpha or beta eucaine, or any of their salts, or any synthetic substitute for them. The pro- visions of tliis act do not apply to decocainized coca leaves or preparations of coca leaves which do not contain cocaine. Sale to consumer. — On a written prescription issued by a physician, dentist, or veterinary surgeon registered in the State of Tennessee. Sale to dealer. — Sales to be recorded in accordance with the rules and regulations provided therefor. Record by pharmacist. — Prescriptions to be kept on file for a period of two years. Record by physician. — Physicians who dispense or distri- bute any of the aforesaid drugs to keep a duplicate of all prescriptions issued, said duplicates to be kept for a term of two years. Possession. — Possession of aforesaid drugs presumptive evi- dence of violation of the law. Smoking opium. — Laws enforced by. — Pure food and drug inspector. Penalties. — Violation a misdemeanor, punishable by fine or imprisonment. References. — Laws, 1913, chapter 11, Public Health Rept. Reprint No. 240, page 84. Local regulations. — Texas Drugs included. — Cocaine, salts of cocaine, or preparations containing cocaine, or salts of cocaine, or any morphine or salts of morphine, or preparations containing morphine or salts of morphine, or any opium or preparations containing opium, or any chloral hydrate, or any preparations containing chloral hydrate. Exceptions. — Preparations containing not more than two grains of opium, or not more than one-eighth grain of mor- phine, nor more than two grains of chloral hydrate or not more than one-sixteenth grain of cocaine in one fluid ounce, or if a solid preparation, in one avoirdupois ounce ; and pre- parations recommended in good faith for diarrhea or cholera, each bottle or package of which is accompanied by specific di- rections for use and the caution against habitual use; nor to liniments or ointments when plainly labeled "For external use only." Patent or proprietary preparations sold by druggists or others containing any of the foregoing substances, the sale of which is prohibited by this; provided such preparations be not compounded or sold for the purpose of the evasion of this law. Sale to consumer. — On the original written order or pre- scription of a lawfully authorized practitioner of medicine, dentistry, or veterinary medicine. Sale to dealer. — Provisions do not apply to sales at whole- sale. Record of pharmacist. — Prescription to be preserved and at all times open to inspection by authorized officers. Record by physicians. — Possession. — Smoking opium. — A place used for the purpose of smoking opium or in any manner using opium is defined as a disorderly house. Laws enforced by. — Penalties. — Violation of law a misdemeanor punishable by fine, and third offence by fine and imprisonment. References. — Penal Code, 1911, article 461a-461b, and ar- ticle 359. Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 224. Local regulations. — Utah Drugs included. — Cocaine, morphine, heroin, codein (co- deine), alpha eucaine, beta eucaine, novocaine, or opium, or any of the derivatives of opium. Exceptions. — Preparations as are recognized by the United States Pharmacopoeia or standard proprietary remedies. Sale to consumer. — On the prescription of a reputable li- censed practicing physician, licensed dentist, or licensed veteri- nary surgeon. Sale to dealer. — Before delivery of any of the articles enume- rated an entry of the sale is to be made in a book kept for that purpose only. Such book to be preserved for at least five years after the date of the last entry therein. Record by pharmacist. — Record by physician. — Possession. — Possession of the enumerated drugs tinlawful. Smoking opium. — Unlawful to keep a house where opium is smoked or chewed by others than members of the family. Laws enforced by. — Penalties. — Violation a felony, ptmishable by imprisonment or both. Refere7ices.—La.vis, 1913, chapter 48. Public Health Rept. Reprint, No. 146, page 75. Local regulations. — Vermont Drugs included. — Morphine, opium, cocaine, heroin . . . paregoric, chloral hydrate ... or any salts, solutions, ex- tracts, or tinctures of such drugs Exceptions.— Sale to consumer. — When sold by a person other than a registered pharmacist or physician shall be offered only in original and sealed packages or bottles which shall have been prepared by a registered pharmacist or manufacturing chemist. Sale to dealers. — Record by pharmacist. — Sale of drugs mentioned to be re- corded in a book kept for that purpose and open to the in- spection of proper officials. Record by physician. — Legally qualified practitioners of medicine are exempted. Possession. — Smoking opium. — Laws enforced by. — State board of health. Penalties. — Fine. Reference. — Public Statutes, 1906, section 5485. As amended, Laws, 1908, chapter 161. Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 232. Local regulations. — Virginia Drugs included. — Cocaine, alpha or beta eucaine, or any mixture of either. Morphine, heroin, opium, and preparations thereof con- taining a higher percentage of morphine than tincture of opium of the strength ordered by the United States Pharmacopoeia, or any salt or compound of the foregoing substances. Exceptions. — Cocaine : None. Morphine, etc.: Cough sirups and other domestic and pro- prietary remedies of this character, which are prepared and sold in good faith as medicines and not intended for defeating the purposes of this chapter, if such remedies do not con- tain more than two grains of opium or one-third grain of morphine or one-fourth grain of heroin in one fluid ounce, or if a solid preparation in one avoirdupois ounce, nor to preparations containing opium which are prepared and sold in good faith for diarrhea and cholera, each bottle or package of which is accompanied by specific directions for use and a caution against habitual use ; nor to powder of ipecac and opium, commonly known as "Dover's powder," nor to lini- ments or ointments, when plainly labeled "For external use." Sale to consumer. — Cocaine : On the prescription of a li- censed physician. Morphine, etc. : On the written prescription oi: order of a lawfully authorized practitioner of medicine, dentistry, or veterinary medicine. Sale to dealer. — Cocaine: Sales at wholesale to pharmacists, druggists, or chemists, or to hospitals, colleges, scientific or public institutions, or to licensed physicians, dentists, or veteri- nary surgeons. Morphine, etc. : Law does not apply to sales at wholesale. Record by pharmacists. — Cocaine : Prescriptions for cocaine to be filled only once. Record by physician. — Possession. — Cocaine: Unlawful possession with intent to sell, a felony. Smoking opium. — Use of opium for the manufacture of cigarettes illegal. Laws enforced by. — Penalties. — Violation of laws relating to cocaine a felony. Violation of law relating to morphine, punishable by fine or imprisonment or both. References. —Code, Supplement, 1910, pages 794, 825, 919. Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 237. Local regulations. — Washington Drugs included. — Opium, morphine, alkaloid-cocaine, or al- pha or beta eucaine, or any derivative, mixture, or prepara- tion of any of them. 210 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [AIay, 1913 Exceptions. — Patent or proprietary medicines containing opium or morphine, in combination or compound with other active elements wherein the dose of opium is less than one- quarter grain, or the dose of opium is less than one-twentieth grain. Sale to consumer. — On the signed prescription of a physi- cian duly licensed under the laws of this State. Sale to dealer. — Laws do not apply to sales to a person known to be a licensed physician or licensed druggist. Record by pharmacist. — Prescription to be kept on file for a period of two years. Record by physician. — • Possession. — Smoking opium. — Unlawful to open, maintain, or frequent any place where opium, morphine, alkaloid cocaine ... or any derivative, mixture, or preparation of them shall be in any manner used by persons resorting there for the purpose. Laws enforced by. — Peace officer, the prosecuting attorney of the county where sold, or any authorized inspector of drugs. Penalties. — Violation a gross misdemeanor. References.-— Code and statutes, 1910, sections 2509, 2510, 2670. Public Health Bulletin No. 56. page 242. Local regulations. — West Virginia Drugs included. — Cocaine, alpha or beta eucaine, opium, morphine, heroine (heroin), chloral hydrate or any salt or com- pound of any of the foregoing substances or their prepara- tions or compounds containing any of the foregoing substances or their salts or compounds. Exceptions. — Preparations containing not more than one- half grain of opium, or not more than one-twelfth grain of heroine (heroin), or not more than one thirty-second grain of cocaine, or not more than one thirty-second grain of alpha or beta eucaine, or not more than two grains of chloral hydrate in each dose ; also preparations containing opium and recom- mended and sold in good faith for diarrhea and cholera, each bottle or package of which is accompanied by specific direc- tions for use and caution against habitual use, or to powder of ipecac and opium, commonly known as Dover's powder, nor to liniments or ointments, when plainly labeled "For external use only." Sale to consumer. — On the original written order or pre- scription of a lawfully authorized practitioner of medicine, dentistry, or veterinary medicine. Sale to dealer. — Provisions do not apply to sales at whole- sale. Record by pharmacist. — Prescription to be permanently kept on file. Record by physician. — Possession. — Unlawful possession with intent to sell, a felony. Smoking opium. — Laws enforced by. — Board of pharmacy. Penalties. — Violation a misdemeanor punishable by fine; third offense, fine or imprisonment. References.— Code, 1913, sections 5415-5423. Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 246. Local regulations. — "Wisconsin Drugs included. — Opium, morphine, heroin, fcocainel, alpha or beta eucaine, chloral hydrate, or any salt or combinations of the same. Exceptions. — Preparations containing not more than two grains of opium, one-fourth grain of morphine or heroin, one-eighth grain of alpha or beta eucaine, or 10 grains of chloral hydrate in one fluid ounce, or if a dry preparation in one avoirdupois ounce. Preparations containing opium when recommended and sold in good faith for diarrhea, colic, or cholera, each bottle or package being arrnniiianicd by specific directions for use, nor to powder of ipcciK ,niii- taining any of the narcotics named in this section when plainly labeled "For external use only." Sale to consumer. — On the prescription of a lawfully au- thorized practitioner of medicine, dentistry, or veterinary medi- cine. Sale to dealer. — Not restricted. Record by pharmacist. — Prescription to be dated and kept on file. Record by physician. — Possession. — Unlawful for person, firm, or corporation to have or keep in their, his, or its store any more than 2 ounces of cocaine at any time. Smoking opium. — Unlawful to maintain or to resort to a place where opium or any of its preparations is sold or given away to be smoked. Laws enforced by. — Penalties. — Violation a misdemeanor punishable by fine cr imprisonment. References.—StiLtutes, 1913, section 1914. Public Health Rept. Reprint, No. 240, page 91. Statutes, 1913, section 4575a Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 254. Local regulations. — Wyoming Drugs included. — Cocaine, eucaine, beta eucaine, alpha e'j- caine, morphine, heroin, chloral hydrate, Indian hemp, opiur;\ or any salt, compound, or derivative thereof. Exceptions. — Preparations as are recognized by the United States Pharmacopoeia or new formulary, or pharmaceutical preparation to be used in the filling of prescriptions writttn by a regular registered practicing physician in this State. Sale to consumer. — On the prescription of a licensed prac- ticing physician registered in this State. Sale to dealer. — Law does not apply to sales at wholesa • by jobbers, wholesalers, and manufacturers to retail druggist-- nor to sales at retail by retail druggists to regular licens' practicing physicians, dentists, or veterinary surgeons regis- tered in this State, nor to sales to State, county, or priva: hospitals. Record by pharmacist. — Prescription shall be kept on iV open to inspection by proper authorities. Record by physician. — On administration of an excess rf the dosage of the drug mentioned in the law, a report is to be made within five days to the secretary of the State board cf health. Possession. — Possession by any unauthorized person ur- lawful. Smoking opium. — Unlawful to keep or to frequent a plac? where opium smoking or the use of opium in any form is practiced. Laws enforced by, — State pharmacy commission. Penalties. — Violation a felony, punishable by fine or im- prisonment or both. References.— La.\vs, 1913, chapter 93. Public Health Rept Reprint No. 146, page 80. Compiled statutes, 1910, sectioD- 5970-5971. Public Health Bulletin No. 56, page 258. Local regulations.— Tannin Mouth Wash ^'arious formulas have been published for astringent mou"' washes containing tannin, the following being typical : (1) Tannic acid Yi ounce Lugol's solutiim 5. drams Tincture of nivriN 2 drams Rose water, enough to make 1 pint Mix and filter after several days. Two or three teaspoor fuls may be added to a glass of cold or hot water to rinse th mouth after eating. Diluted with an equal volume of war: water it is very valuable as an astringent in dentistry, esp- cially after extraction of teeth. (2). Tannic acid 360 grains Boric acid 720 grains Glycerm 6 fl. ounces Solution of cochineal 1 fl dram Rose water, enough to make 40 fl. ounces (3) Rod gum 1 ounce Tannin 6 drams Tincture of pyrcthrum 6 drams Lavender water 1 ounce Alcohol S ounces Water enough to make 1 pint Mix, macerate for three days, and filter. According to the British Pharmaceutical Codex, tannic ar is a valuable ingredient of liquid and solid dentifrices ft use when gums are spongy and receding. "\ 20 per cen:. solution in alcohol has been found useful for application ii> such gunis". :Mvy, 1915] THE PHAR:\rACEUTICAL ERA The Vacationist and His Needs By EMMA GARY WALLACE Eii;ma Gary Wallace ALMOST everybody takes a vacation now-a-duys. Tliis means that a large number of people in your vicinity will plan to spend days or weeks in some other locality. Changes of food, water, weather, and minor accidents are sure to cause them to require drug store supplies. Even if nothing happens to mar the \-acation pleasure, there are a number of comfort tilings which the vacationist would rather buy at his home drug store, provided he thinks about it. It will save per- fectly good time when he is away and he is sure of what he is getting. One of the weaknesses of the human race, is not to an- ticipate what its requirements will be until the moment of actual need arises. The tour- ist has planned for a time of rest and pleasure and he is loathe to associate anything with this period suggestive of discomfort, yet the fact re- mains that when the traveler finds his equipment inade- quate, it is almost always the drug store which he hastens to find. The woman pharmacist who waits for vacation customers to flock to her on their o\vn initiative, to realize and to define their needs, may wait in vain. Don't do it! In place of letting your customers sally forth unthinking and unarmed, why not show them that it is the part of wisdom to provide themselves with a reasonable supply of things in the drug store line which they are very sure to need? To be sure, everybody in your vicinity will not go on a vacation, but many will, and in suggesting what the vacationist may need, probably an equal number of sales will be made to stay-at- homes. The autoist, the camper, the resorter, and the tourist are all to be considered. If you do not sell them the things they will surely need, some one else will do so and that some one will be the person wide awake to his or her opportunity. Do not wait until the vacationists are just about to tele- phone the expressman to come for their baggage before you begin to stir up this line of trade Begin early! Two months or six weeks at least before the summer exodus commences. Your mailing list will furnish the names of those who usually change their place of residence in the summer time. A friend- ly and suggestive letter mailed under a two cent stamp to these people will bring ready returns. A series of news- paper talks will reach many others Something of this kind has done good work in seasons past. VACATIONISTS, ATTENTION I You have anticipated a rest and a change for months and rightly so. You will pack your trunk or suitcase carefully with ample supplies of clothing. Be equally solicitous about your health, for upon it depends your good time and your opportunity to recuperate. Be prepared for disturbances caused by change of water and food, excessive heat or sudden extremes of weather, unusual exercise, and such small accidents as are liable to occur. Johnny may cut his foot on the beach. Jenny may eat of unripe fruit. You may blis- ter your arms rowing. Purchase your drug store supplies at home where all- the-year-around prices prevail. Quality, assortment, and price cannot be expected to be the same where business is operated for transients or for a few weeks only each year. We will be glad to call and arrange a Special \'acation Outfit, if you wish. Which of the following things will you need to take with you to insure 'Safety First'? Rubber Bathing Caps Fountain Pens Hot Water Bottle Medicine Glass Dyspepsia Remedies Bandages Rubber Gloves Peroxide of Hydrogen Fountain Syringe Talcum Powder Cholera Mixture Cold Cream Mild Cathartics Toilet Soap Absorbent Cotton Bath Spray Sanitary Napkins Goggles Toilet Waters Corn Plasters Shaving Soap Sponge Case Sponges Rhinitis Tablets Shampooes Smelling Salts .\ntiseptic Dressings Belladonna Plaster (For Sea- Foot Powder sickness) Thermos Bottle Correspondence Cards Headache Relief Alcohol Stove Borax Your Favorite Prescription. Stationery Almost every one will recall incidents of being taken sud- denly ill away from home and of feeling strangely at sea because of their remoteness from their base of supplies. The idea of having things likely to be needed at hand will be pleasing to many, while others will argue that it is something of a nuisance to take emergency supplies along when the emergency calling for their use may not arise at all. In order to meet the last objections successfully, pack a complete and compact traveling outfit and place it in your window. Make a list of all the things actually contained in this small box and display this list on a sign card back of the box. It is surprising how much of real value may be packed into a box nine inches long, four inches deep, and eight inches wide. You can suggest on the same card that vacation boxes will be made up to order to supplement supplies already on hand. It may not be amiss to point out that having the right thing to use at the right minute may save suffering and expense. .\ case that recently came under the writer's notice will illus- trate this. A traveler contracted a severe cold and showed every symp- tom of serious illness. Knowing that an interruption of this nature would seriously interfere with much business in hand, the traveler, who by the way was a woman, inquired as to the availability of a house physician and the price charged for a call in this rather popular hostelry. The night rates were quoted as ten dollars per call after mid-night. The Emergency Case was promptly brought into play. A belladonna plaster, a hot water bag, a laxative, some quinine, and a cough mix- ture were forthcoming, and next day the traveler was able to resume her journey in comparative comfort. Of course, in case of serious disturbance no Emergency Outfit should be depended upon when a skilled physician can be procured, but the possession of such an outfit may serve as the stitch in time which will prevent serious inconvenience of perhaps illness. From almost every locality there will be many people who will go elsewhere this summer. If you have the confidence of your share of these travelers, there is no reason why you cannot furnish them with their drug store supplies or most of them, for the summer season as well. The camper will welcome pastilles, etc. to keep away mos- quitos and will be glad to know you have a lotion which will sooth the sting of unwelcome bites. The autoist has a special line of needs and should also carry a small accident case somewhere handy. The resorter should be prepared for the first symptom of ptomaines and with freckles and sun bum remedies. The tourist will be glad to supply himself with tooth paste, paper towels, etc., etc. Of course show your customers that it is for their advan- tage to buy at home to save annoyance, disappointment, and money. 212 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [May, 1915 WOMEN IN By Emma Gary Mrs. Estelle V. Wisendanger, Wood- mere. L. I., the president of the New York Women's Ph. Ass'n MiSs Lillian Leiterman of New York City, prominent in the New York Women's Pharmaceutical As^s'n Mrs. Shimer, the vnfe of Miles H. Shimer. a well known druggist of Philadelphia Some Business Crystals THE customer who would persuade you to break the law for his benefit can usuallly be depended upon to speak casually of the incident to his friends and to condemn you as a witness if occasion arises. It is a false idea that friends and customers are won by such means. The con- fidence of the worth-while people of the community is re- tained most surely by "Keeping in the middle of the King's highway." The most lavish buyers are not always the most prompt to settle. Those who pay cash are entitled to the closest prices, those who settle their bills within ten days to a cash dis- count. Make it an object for your customers to pay as nearly as possible as they go. Many a man has been ruined be- cause so much of his capital was tied up in book accounts. The best way to keep one's credit good is to pay bills pimctually, to take advantage of discounts, and not to buy more heavily of stock than the prospective outlet for the same warrants. In engaging help, in giving a contract to have work done, or for the purchase of goods or fixtures, have the agreement in writing. An understanding before hand is much better than a law suit afterwards. Many a man has hesitated to demand this protection for fear the one with whom he was doing business would think he doubted his generosity and honor. Sometimes before the deal was settled at the cost of many dollars and much worry, he thought he had been unnecessarily squeamish. To misrepresent goods is effectively to close tlie door for future sales with that customer. It seems but fair to trade with those who patronize you. The basis of dealing in each case should be the same, how- ever, that is, on eitlier a wholesale or a retail basis. What is sauce for the goose should be sauce for the gander, and if future relations are to remain pleasant, each must deal fairly and squarely with the other. The good humored cashing of checks for unidentified strangers is risky business. Any person with the least busi- ness acumen should not be offended at a courteous explana- tion that cashing checks is strictly against the rules of tlie house. The individual who claims to feel insulted at the presen- tation of a just bill has given evidence that tlicre are really grounds for suspicion. The proposition of the man who offers you a wonderful bargain provided you grab it on the spot should be passed up promptly. A square deal will stand the time of necessarj- in- vestigation. When plenty of goods are being bought regularly and stil) there is difficulty in meeting the bills for these same goods, it is time for investigation. Either the establishment is be- coming over-stocked, there are needless leaks in the business owing to loose methods, or, the books need the services of aa expert accountant to locate the difficulty. Around the Circuit Dr. Charlotte E. Stimson of the West Suburban Hospital, Oak Park, Illinois, has recently taken the Civil Service Exami- nation for State Inspector of Pharmacies. There were sixty- eight applicants and the many friends of Dr. Stimson hope she will be the one chosen for the place. Her friends in Illinois will work for her and tlie state as a whole may be assured that if she receives the appointment her work will be thorough, conscientious, and yet eminently fair. A number of different schemes are being tried to designate prescriptions containing Narcotics which cannot be re-filled. One woman pharmacist writes the letter "N" over the number of every such prescription. Another is having a rubber stamp made bearing the word "Narcotic" so that a red ink pad may be used to plainly distinguish these from the regular ones which may be filled upon request. Still another is keeping two separate files and pasting all prescriptions of a narcotic nature in a book kept especially for that purpose. What next? A large . drug store prominently located re- cently enjoyed a thriving business for several days by holding a special sale of satin flowers and fruits. These were bargains at ten and twenty five cents and were suitable for hat trim- mings or rorsjL:i' houquets. Olives, marmalade, jelly, canaiy birds, book's. niM)or toys, umbrellas, and fancy crackers have been suggested for such sales, but the artificial flowers were a new one to the observer. The point of contact with the drug business seemed to be the cash returns they yielded. Mrs. J. V. Calver reports business is brisk in the far West and much anticipation concerning the influx of visitors inci- dent to the Panama-Pacific Exposition. The April meeting of the Louisville Chapter of the W. O. N. A. R. D. was held April 1, at the usual place. Miss Florence Witherspoon spoke on the "Burden of the Fecble-Minded as. Regards Deficient Children," and Dr. E. R. Bush pave aii address on "Breathing and Its Relation to Health." This u the last of a series of lectures given by Dr. Bush. The serie.-; of card parties, held within the last two montlis has affordol a fine opportunity for social intercourse among tlic Chapter members and their friends. May, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 213 PHARMACY Wallace Miss Mabel Cameron of Pasadena, Cal., well knoum among the women's as- sociations of the Pacific Coast Mrs. Fannie K. Schenk of Deer Trail, Colo., who is greatly interested in the women's associations Miss Florence Hamburg of Rochester, N. Y., one of the younger members of the women's auxiliaries The many friends of Mrs. William T. Burke of 1201 N. 11th St., Philadelphia, will be exceedingly pained to learn that Mr. Burke died suddenly April 5th. He had long been iden- tified with ethical pharmacy in Philadelphia, and he will be greatly missed by his associates. Mrs. Burke is secretary of the Philadelphia Chapter, W. O. N. A. R. D. The sympathy of the women of this Department is extended to her in her bereavement. Mrs. W. E. Lee of 823 North 24th St., Philadelphia, has been re-elected president of the Philadelphia Chapter W. O. as the ladies were sure they could not get along without her efficien leadership. being done by that organization, while his son, Paul J. bach, in response to a call, made a clever speech. Dr. Berger gave some entertaining tragic accounts of first experiences in his life as a druggist's apprentice. Dr. Vor- sanger gave an instructive talk on auto-vaccines and urged the pharmacists to encourage patronage in this line. Mrs. Ackley and Miss Berger, daughters of the hostess, added to the entertainment of the guests by readings and musical se- lections. Delicious refreshments were served and the meeting was voted by all present as an unusually successful one. NEW YORK WOMEN'S PH. A. The New York Women's Pharmaceutical Association is do- ing excellent work under the leadership of its President, Professor Grace Irene Harper who has charge of the phar- macy work in the New York Medical College and Hospital for Women. Miss Hannah Mayer is Vice-President, Miss Ruth Propper, Recording Secretary, and Miss Rose Fried, Corresponding Secretary, and Miss Lillian Leiterman, Trea- surer. In addition to this the membership comprises the following list of well-known names: Mrs. C. Anghel, Mrs. I. Braswell, Miss Virginia Baker, Miss Helen A. Butkus, Mrs. May V. Crosby, Mrs. Bertha DIugasch, Miss Henriette DeMayo, Miss Sarah Dorfman, Mrs. Sarah Goldberg, Airs. Mary V. Jerome, Miss Hertz, Miss Fanny Hart, Miss Bella Jacobson, Miss Daisy Kemble, Miss Louise Kramer, Miss Ida Lesser, Mrs. Frances Klepper, Miss Jennie Loeb, Miss Esther Matusow, Miss Lucille Rein, Miss Sarah Rosenstein, Mrs. Diana Robin- son, Miss Eleanor Richardson, Mrs. Bertha Sasmor, Mrs. E. B. Schwazer, Mrs. Alary Schench, Miss Rosalie Sorkne, Miss Frances Ulanoff, Miss Usdansky, Miss Carolyn Santore, Miss Lillian Goldblatt, Mrs. Estelle Wisendanger, Miss Olga Praisner. W. P. A. P. C. Invites Women Pharmacists The Women's Pharmaceutical Association of the Pacific Coast, through its president, Mrs. R. E. White, and secretary, Miss Teresa Sala, is sending out invitations to all women pharmacists visiting the Panama Exposition to meet with the members at the regular meetings of the association, which are held on the fourth Friday of every month at 223 Pacific Build- ing, Market and Fourth streets, San Francisco. CHICAGO WOMAN'S PH. A. The Chicago Woman's Pharmaceutical Association held at the home of Mrs. (Dr.) Berger, 3430 Southport .\ve.. Chicago, was one of the best attended and most thoroughly interesting meetings the .Association has ever held in the entire course of its history. Mr. Mandabach, secretary-treasurer of the Na- tional Drug Clerics' Association gave a talk upon the work CELEBRATES TWELFTH ANNIVERSARY The Woman's Pharmaceutical Association completed its twelfth year and duly celebrated the event by a splendid meeting at the home of Mrs. Mabel S. Beard, 4111 Spring- field Ave., Chicago. There was an unusually large attendance and good cheer and enthusiasm were much in evidence. The annual election of officers resulted in the re-election of Miss Olive B. Pierce, Ph. G., R. Ph. pharmacist, of Elgin State Hospital, Elgin, 111., as president; Mrs. Anna Eicher, Ph. G., R. Ph., 1st vice- president; Mrs. Mabel S. Beard, Ph. G., R. Ph., 2nd vice- president; and Dr. Charlotte E. Stimson, Ph. G., R. Ph., secretary-treasurer. P. F. Coffey, President of the Chicago Drug Clerks' As- -sociation, was present and extended a most cordial invita- tion to the W. Ph. A. to attend their meetings at the Sherman House, the first Wednesday evening of each month. Music, expression dancing, games, the serving of delicious refresh- ments, and much enjoyable conversation filled the evening which proved all too short, as Mrs. Beard and family are such delightful entertainers, that their guests are always loath to leave, even though Sunday mom is not far off. The Woman's club of the Allied Dru£ Trade, of Chicago, held a children's Washington fancy dress party at the Hotel Sherman on Washington's birthday, more than 250 gayly at- tired little colonial dames attending. 214 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [May, 1915 Points ot Law that Affect Retail Druggists Massachusetts Attorney Delivers an Interesting Address and Discusses Liability under Law for Acts Causing Injury Boston, April 10 — "Law for Druggists," was the subject of an address delivered at the Massachusetts College of Phar- macy March 1, by M. Sumner Coggan, attorney for the Mas- sachusetts State Pharmaceutical Association. The address dealt with some unusual phases of law in its bearing on drug- gists, and was a notable contribution to the courses at the college. Mr. Coggan emphasized the difference between the common law and the statute law, and said: "There is no statute, federal or state, which says you must not make the mistake of giving laudanum when rhubarb is called for, and making you liable in damages to the party injured, but you are liable and your liability is determined by the principles of common law. The principle is the broad general one of 'the duty which you owe to society to refrain from doing any act which will inflict a wrong or do an injury to your fellow man.' Druggists Liable for Mistakes "A druggist who makes a mistake in the compounding of a prescription or affixes the wrong label, or makes an error in transcribing the directions from a prescription to the label, must suffer in damages to the party injured. "By another principle of the common law, known as the law of agency, the proprietor becomes liable for any mistake of his clerk, by whose error a person is injured or rendered ill. But, of course, in every instance the one element which must be affirmatively shown by the injured party is negli- gence. Unless negligence exists no liability attaches to the druggist. "Many drugs today are sold in packages or bottles just as received from the manufacturers, and when the manufacturer is the grantor of their contents as he represents them to be, it is a very different thing for the druggist or retailer. The druggist has the right to rely upon the representations made to him by the manufacturer. Must Be Negligence by Druggist "If he has bought the drug from a reputable manufacturer, either directly or indirectly under oral representations of its contents or as to what it is, and has not known differently, sells it in reliance upon their representation, he will not be liable if it turns out to be a different drug, though the use of such drug produces serious injury to the person taking it. "There must be negligence on the part of the druggist making the sale, unless he enters into an engagement of war- rantry. "It is very different, however, where the druggist breaks the package and retails it to the customer. He then has the opportunity to examine and ascertain what the drug is. Then the label of a harmless drug placed by a reputable wholesale dealer on a poisonous drug purchased from them will not pro- tect the druggist from liability, even though he has failed to discover the mistake when handling it. "The common law says that all persons who deal with deadly poisons, or noxious and dangerous substances are held to a strict accounting. It further holds that there is an im- plied representation on the part of the druggist that the drug delivered to the purchaser is the drug requested, and that the purchaser has a right to rely upon that representation. I know of no profession, not excepting even that of the physician, which is so productive of serious consequence following care- lessness or negligence than that of the druggist." Liability Insurance Recommended Touching on the druggist liability insurance policies, Mr. Coggan said tliat he believed no man in the drug business today can afford to be without this insurance. "Fortunately," said he, "you are able to purchase at a comparatively small annual payment an indemnity from financial liability follow- ing your mistakes, and immunity from the burden of person- ally preparing and defending any action which may be brought against you. I settled an action last year by payment to the plaintiff of $1,000 for injuries alleged to have been caused by the transposition of labels on two bottles, and after the settlement I figured up with my client what it would have cost him had he carried the insurance I have spoken of. We found it would have cost him only $268 for the entire time he had been in business. Insurance Should Not Abate Carefulness "But one thing I want to impress upon you above all others : Do not let the fact that you carry insurance abate in the slightest degree the care to the smallest detail of compounding, labeling and dispensing. "You should also insure under some approved company whereby you become a subscriber to the Workmen's Compensa- tion Act. The expense is based on the size of your pay roll, and you become immediately relieved from any liability to persons in your employ who may become injured in their em- ployment, and at the same time the injured employee receives certain remuneration while incapacitated. "Then again there is one more policy which you should take out. This is the general liability policy — not expensive, but very pleasant help in time of trouble. About Leases and Contracts "Do not take a store without a written lease for a definite period, and with the option on your part of renewal. "Be sure that the party from whom you lease has the right to give you that lease — if he is the owner, that he has a good title and that no condition of any mortgage on the premises may be broken by your establishing a drug business, or a business where the prohibition of the sale of liquor is a con- dition in the title of the property. "If you are sub-leasing from a lessee, be sure that his lease gives him the right to sub-lease, and contains nothing that will prohibit your rights to do business on the premises as a druggist. "If your lease runs for seven years, or if it runs for a shorter period and your option for an extension should carr>- it beyond the seven years period, your lease must be recorded. "Should you desire to purchase a going business you should exercise the greatest care in investigation of the amount of business previously done, remembering that any representa- tions of the seller may be merged in the written contract which you enter into, and that in no case is the seller bound by any such representation as he may make as to what business you may do if you buy his store. "You should satisfy yourself to his title as to whedier there are any personal property mortgages recorded at your City- Hall against the goods in the store; as to his right to transfer his right in the lease. Under the 'sales of goods in bulk act' the seller must give you a sworn list of his creditors, and they must be notified before the sale takes place or his stock even after you have purchased it still remains liable for his past indebtedness. "Should you buy a bankrupt stock, or purchase a store through a trustee or receiver, in bankrupcy, make sure he has been authorized by the court to sell for the particular amount you are paying, "In making contracts or giving orders make and keep a copy, and be sure your copy is an accurate one. Be sure con- tracts contain all the terms to which you have orally agreed. The law presumes that if a contract is once reduced to writ- ing it contains everything there was to it, and oral evidence cannot be introduced to contradict or enlarge on the writtai terms. Can Come Back on Manufacturer "If the purchaser of goods within the state, eillier of food or drugs, you can obtain from your jobber a guarantee that if the goods are not as represented, or up to standard, you can come back on the manufacturer. "Under no conditions should you be persuaded to endorse a promissory note for your neighbor or business friend. "Look upon your assets as belonging to your creditors to tlie extent of your liabilities. Take for your guidance the golden rule — and remember that your biisiness is yours to con- duct and not to be left to your employees." May, 1915] THE PHAKMACEUTICAL ERA 215 THE QUESTION BOX The ' ''Hovc to Do It ' ' Department CONDUC TED BY PHARMACEUTICAL EXPERTS For the benefit of ERA Subscribers Application of the Harrison Law (M. B.) — "I have read the rulings of the Government on the Harrison narcotic law as published in the April Era, but I do not understand or see anything definite in regard to lini- ments or ointments. Of course, it is said that such can be sold when the preparation is unfit for internal use. \\'hat I wish to know is: Do I have to keep a record of such sales? For e.xample, a customer has a receipt calling for equal parts of laudanum, tincture of arnica, and witchhazel. Suppose I had, as shown by inventory on March 1, 16 ounces of lauda- num, and today I have none, while my prescription file shows prescriptions accounting for but 12 ounces of the laudanum, the remaining 4 ounces of the original stock having been used on verbal order to make the liniment as above. ' Xo, you are not required to keep a record of the sale of a liniment or ointment containing opium or morphine. Under section 6 of the Narcotic law, it is specifically stated that the provisions of the Act do not apply to "liniments, ointments, or other preparations which are prepared for external use only." The ''provisions," of course, refer to the prohibition of sales of preparations containing opium, morphine, etc., except on pre- scription of licensed physicians, which must be filled by li- censed pharmacists, who are required to make certain records, etc. The clause in section 6 exempts these external prepara- tions from the provisions previously stated, and permits the druggist to sell liniments, ointments, etc., for external appli- cation without making any record of sale. While the law and regulations apparently do not require any record of such sales, druggists for their own protection should note on their inventories an entry of all stock em- ployed to make up such liniments, ointments, etc., so that if any question should arise as to the disposition of stock the answer thereto will be found in the inventory. In your case we should make an entry of the date and amount of the laudanum used in making the liniment, but it is not necessary that a record should be made of the sale of such a prepara- tion. Drip Fluid Disinfectant (H. E. B.)— Most of the so-called "drip fluid disinfectants" used for urinals and closets with a drip apparatus usually contain cresol or creolin, somewhat on the type of compound solution of the Pharmacopoeia, and perfumed with cheap aro- matic oils. On account of the cost, manufacturers, we are told, sometimes use cresylic acid which is comparatively cheap. Here is a formula: Cresylic acid 40 fl. ounces Rosin 8 av. ounces Caustic potash IJ^ av. ounces Water to make }/2 gallon Place the cresylic acid in a suitable dish, add the rosin, and apply heat until the latter is melted and dissolved. Dissolve the caustic potash in about 5 fl. ounces of water, add to the previous mi.xture and boil together until clear and homo- geneous. Cool and add enough water to make gallon. If the caustic potash is less than 83 per cent, in strength, more of it will be required. If the saponification is not completed after 30 minutes of boiling, it is an indication that more caustic potash is needed. Another formula is the following: Boil together 1 gallon of crude carbolic acid (or "oils," if cheapness be required), palm oil, 1 pound; soda ash, 3 pounds; and water, 2 gallons, for two hours, replacing the water so as to maintain a volume of at least 2^/2 gallons. Set aside for several days and decant the clear, brown fluid. Such solutions become milky when mixed with water. Euca- lyptus oil, pine oil, and other essential oils may be added to these mixtures with benefit so far as the odor is concerned. Books on Reagents and Stains (H. J. H.) — Nearly all standard works on microscopic tech- nique give formulas for the preparation of the various reagents and stains used in the study of plant and other tissues. Among the books pertaining to this class of work are: Base, "Elements of Vegetable Histology," $1.50; Cohn, "Chemical and Microscopical Tests and Reagents known by their auth- ors' names," $3; Gage, "The Microscope," §1.50; Greenish, "The Microscopical Examination of Food and Drugs," $3. Probably the book by Cohn previously noted, comes nearest to your outline of a formulary of this character, but it scarcely touches upon technique. All of the books named are more or less employed in the various colleges of pharmacy and other institutions in which these subjects are taught. Some Proprietary Specialties (S. Bros.) — We cannot give the formulas for the various specialties named in your query, but a number of tliem have been analyzed by the authorities in different States, particu- larly by the Indiana State Board of Health, the Food De- partments of North Dakota, Ohio, Michigan, and the officials of other bureaus connected with the various municipalities. As showing tlie character of some of the specialties you have named, we take the following information from official reports: Suljo Solution; superfluous hair remover; contains sodium sulphide, 2.5 per cent.; water, 97.5 per cent.; retails at $1 ; estimated cost, J^c. Zintone; skin beautifier; composed of stearic acid, soap, borax, perfumed: selling price, SOc; estimated cost, 5c. Eptol; skin whitener; consists of stearic acid and soap, 75 per cent; borar, 17 per cent; water, 8 per cent.; selling price, SOc; estimated cost, 3c. Sarsene; a blood remedy; consists of extract of senna, sarsa- parilla, etc.; selling price, 50c; estimated cost, 3c. Beta Qumol; "makes the best hair grower"; composition variously reported; analyst of Indiana Board of Health reports "quinine, resorcin, menthol, betanaphthol, and alcohol," while the Ohio Bureau of Drugs reports "alcohol, glycerin, quinine and menthol"; selling price, 50c; cost, 5c. Therapy of Little-used Drugs (R. D. Co.) — All of the drugs named are treated with short shrift in the standard works on materia medica and tlierapeutics. The reason for this is not hard to discover, as all are but little used in general practice, notwithstanding the fact that "sweet flag" (calamus) is still retained in the ■ Pharmacopoeia, a fluid extract being official. Sweet flag is a simple bitter and feeble aromatic, and preparations of the drug have been prescribed in combination with tonics in dys- pepsia and gastric disorders to relieve flatulence, etc. The dose of the fluidextract is from 5 to IS minims, but so far 216 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [May, 1915 as we can ascertain, there is no standardized method for pre- paring a powdered extract, so that the relative drug strength of such an extract remains for the manufacturer thereof to state. The medical literature on "dwarf elder" is still more meager, although the root has been employed in domestic practice and by botanic physicians as a diuretic in the treatment of dropsy, gravel, suppression of urine and other urinary disorders. On general principles the dose of the drug (the rhizome is the part used) in the form of infusion or fluidextract is from J/2 to 2 drams. According to the United States Dispensatory, "fenugreek" is never employed internally for human beings, but the ground seeds are used to an enormous extent in the manufacture of cattle powders or condition powders. The powdered seeds are occasionally employed in curry powders, and the green parts of the plant are largely used in the countries where it is cultivated, both as a fodder and for culinary purposes. All authorities are agreed that its use is restricted to veterinary practice, principally as a "seasoner" for other remedies and because most animals like tlie aromatic odor. It possesses no medicinal properties in the scientific sense, although a cen- tury or so ago it was sometimes prescribed for making poul- tices on account of tlie large percentage of mucilage the en- dosperm of the seeds contained. Sodium Perborate (S. E. F.) — Sodium perborate should not be confused with sodium pyroborate. Both are definite chemical compounds, the first being represented by the formula NaBOj. 4H2O, and the latter NaAO,. lOH^O; the latter name is also a synonym for the pharmacopoeial sodium borate. Among the commercial brands of sodium perborate met with in this mar- ket are those made by the Roessler & Hasslacher Co., this city, and E. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany (Merck & Co., New York). Several processes of manufacture have been outlined, the following being typical; When a mixture of 248 grams of boric acid and 78 grams of sodium peroxide is gradually added to 2 liters of cold water, a crystallized compound is obtained. When the latter in solution is treated with the proper pro- portion of an acid, sodium perborate separates. It is very stable when dry, but in solution it has all the properties of a solution of hydrogen peroxide. It may also be prepared by the action of an alkali peroxide and carbon dioxide or an al- kali borate and other methods. Some of these processes are patented. Sodium perborate occurs as a white granular salt, odorless and soluble in water; the solution has a saline taste. It is decomposed by water into hydrogen peroxide and sodium metaborate, producing an alkaline solution. It is also decom- posed by catalyzers, ferments and animal tissues. Heated to 140° F. it evolves oxygen, and when heated to a higher tem- perature it gradually loses all its available oxygen and water of crystallization. This salt is among the proposed additions to the forthcoming edition of the U. S. P., the rubric accompanying the de- finition therefor requiring "not less than 9 per cent, by weight of available oxygen". It is an antiseptic, deodorant and bac- tericide, and is used in wounds, purulent sores, varicose ulcers, etc. In general, it is used in place of hydrogen peroxide over which it is said to have the advantage of yielding an alkaline solution. It is also applied as a dusting powder or in a 2 percent, solution. We have no doubt the formula for a den- tifrice will "work" if a standard brand of sodium perborate is used, but tlie resulting product will be no more stable than the ordinary solution of hydrogen peroxide. You should be able to purchase sodium perborate through any jobber. Compound Syrup of Thyme (R. D. Co.) — We cannot give the formula for the proprie- tary preparation, although the compiler of "Modern Materia Medica" states that "pertussin {extractum thymi saccaratum) is defined as a sweetened compound fluid extract of thyme (1:7) containing also per cent, of potassium bromide. Some say it contains no bromide. As its name indicates, it is a whooping-cough remedy. Dose (children), a small tea- spoonful to a tablespoonful, according to age, four times a day." Under the title "compound syrup of thyme" the following formulas are said to produce preparations having somewhat similar therapeutic preparations, the first being from the "Formulae magistrales Germanicae", the official formulary of the Deutschen Apotheker-Verein (Germany), and correspond- ing to our National Formulary : Sirupus Thymi Compositus ( Thymian-Keuchhustensaf t ) Iluidextract of thyme 15.0 Sodium bromide 2.0 Glycerin 5.0 Alcohol 3.0 Simple syrup to make 150.0 M. Tablespoonful four times a day (for whooping-cough). As in all German formulas, the above quantities are by weight. The following is from "Pharmaceutical Formulas" (Lon- don) : Liquid extract of garden thyme 2 fl. ounces Liquid extract of wild thyme 2 fl. ounces Alcohol (90 per cent.) 1 fl. ounce Potassium bromide 400 grains Simple syrup 15 fl. ounces Distilled water to make 20 fl. ounces Dissolve the potassium bromide in 1 fl. ounce of distilled water. Mix the alcohol, liquid extracts, and syrups; then add the potassium bromide solution and sufficient distilled water to make 20 fl. ounces. Each fluid dram contains 21/2 grains of potassium bromide. Bicinus; Bicin (S. S.) — We think you have confused the word ricinus with ricin, the first being the name of the genus producing the seeds from which castor oil is derived and shown in the bo- tanical name Ricinus communis, ricinus being the Latin for "tick", which the seed of the castor oil plant resembles. The chief constituent of castor oil seeds is about 50 per cent, of fixed oil (Oleum ricini), the well-known oil defined by the Pharmacopoeia, while the crystalline alkaloid "ricinine", and the poisonous phytalbumose "ricin", have been obtained from the cake left after the extraction of the oil. Kraemer states that the poisonous principle ricin fovmd in oil cake has been reported as apparendy poisonous to cattle, but not to poultry. According to Cushny, ricin is poisonous in doses of about 1/25 milligram (1/1600 grain) per kilogram bodyweight when it is injected into the blood, and is somewhat less poisonous when applied subcutaneously, but seldom causes any symp- toms when swallowed, as it is apparently destroyed for the most part by the digestive ferments. It is thus among the most powerful of the vegetable poisons when it is injected directly into the blood. Death often occurs only several days after the injections in animals, and in the interval no symptoms make their appearance except loss of appetite, and towards the end, diarrhea and vomiting. This to.Talbumin has been the subject of investigation by various physiological chemists and toxicologists and the results of their studies are widely scattered through medical and technical literature. We can not attempt to give more than the above resume'. "Tr. Lattai Vesicatoria" (H. T. S.) — "Tr. Lattai vesicatoria" is no doubt intended for "tincture of cantharides", a fact which can be readily verified by reading the prescription in which the same ap- pears (which you have not sent to us) or by ascertaining the purpose for which the preparation is to be employed. The present Pharmacopoeia defines cantharides as "the beetle Cantharis vesicatoria (Linne) De Geer," etc., although many of the older writers, at least before the advent of tlie mor' modem scientific nomenclature, followed the Latin of Fabrica.<; in denominating "Spanish Flies" as Lytta vesicatoria, the first word relating to "madness", and the second being de- rived from vesica, a blister, of or belonging to, or capable of blistering. It is probable that "Lattai", as employed in your prescrip- tion is a misspelling, for Lytta is the correct older Latin form We have tiaccd the word through a number of cognate lan- guages and we find no precedent for this variant form, al- though such may exist. But the similarity of the word with the older form is too obvious, and we are quite positive that "tincture of cantharides" is wanted. May, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 217 Standardization of Sodium Thiosulphate Volumetric Solution* By Dr. JOSEPH L. MAYER A REFERENCE to page 563 of the U. S. P. will show that the official method of standardizing sodium thio- sulphate y. S. is to employ a decinormal solution of potassium dichromate proceeding as follows: — To a solution of about 1 Gni. of potassium iodide (Potassii lodidum U. S. P.) in 10 Cc. of diluted sulphuric acid contained in a flask of about 500 Cc. capacity, add slowly, from a burette, 20 Cc. of tenth-normal potassium dichromate \'. S., shaking after each addition. Place a watch-glass on the mouth of tlie flask and allow it to stand for five minutes, then dilute the solution with about 250 Cc. of distilled water, add some starch T. .S., and then, from a burette, tlie trial solution of sodium thiosul- phate, in small portions at a time, shaking afte.- e.icli au- dition, and, toward the end of tlie operation, j educing the flow to drops, until die blue color of the mixture changes to a light green: note the number of Cc. of the trial sodium thiosulphate solution consumed. Then di- lute the sodium thiosulphate solution so that equal volumes of it and the tenth-normal potassium dichromate V. S. will exactly correspond to each otlier under the above conditions, at 25' C. (77° F.)." On page 549 of the U. S. P. volumetric iodine solution is directed to be made by the following: — "Tenth-normal iodine V. S. may be prepared according to either of the following methods. 1. Dissolve 12.59 Gm. of pure iodine (see below) in a solution of IS Gm. of potassium iodide in 300 Cc. of water. Then add sufficient water to make the solution measure, at 25* C. (77° F.), exactly 1000 Cc. Unless freshly prepared, its strength should always be determined anew at the time it is used. Transfer the solution to glass-stoppered vials. Preparation of Pure Iodine. — Heat powdered iodine (lodum, U. S. P.) in a porcelain dish placed over a bath of boiling water for twenty minutes, and stir it constantly with a glass rod, so that adhering moisture, cyanogen iodide, and most of the iodine bromide and iodine chloride, if present, may be vaporized. Then transfer the iodine to a porcelain or other non-metallic mortar, and triturate it with about 5 percent, of its weight of dry potassium iodide, so as to decompose any remaining iodine bromide and iodine chloride. Then return the mass to the dish, cover it with a glass funnel, and heat the dish carefully on a sand-bath. Detach the sublimed, pure iodine, and, after pulverizing and drying for twenty-four hours over calcium chloride, keep it in well-stoppered bottles, in a cool place." Since N/10 iodine is the exact equivalent of N/10 NajSjOj the U. S. P. on page 550 gives as an alternative method of preparing the N/10 iodine the following: — • "Dissolve about 14 Gm. of iodine (lodum, U. S. P.) in a solution of 18 Gm. of potassium iodide (Potassii lodidum, U. S. P.) in about 300 Cc. of water, diluting finally to 1000 Cc. Of this solution (which is too concentrated), carefully measure from a burette 10 Cc. into a flask, then add gradu- ally and cautiously, from a burette, tenth-normal sodium thiosulphate V. S. (shaking constantly) until the color of the solution is discharged. Note the number of Cc. of the sodium thiosulphate V. S. consumed, and then dilute the iodine solution so that any known volume of the latter will require for decolorization exactly the same volume of the tenth-normal sodium thiosulphate V. S." This indicated to me that the factor for NajSjOj V. S. stan- dardized by either potassium dichromate or resiiblimed iodine would be the same and to determine whether such was ac- tually the casj the following work was undertaken. A. N/10 KjCfjO? V. S. was made up by the following method on page 551 of the U. S. P. employing Kahlbaum's Salt. "Dissolve 4.8713 Gm. of pure potassium dichromate, which has been pulverized and dried at 120° C. (248° F.) (see Reagent No. 85). in sufficient water to measure, at 25° C. (77° F.). e.xactly 1000 Cc." The NajSjOa V. S. standardized against this had the factor recorded in tabulation below. * Read before the Kines County Pharmaceutical Society, March 9. 1915. Another lot of N/lO KjCrjO, made up by the same method using Baker's salt, the same NajSjOa V. S. had the factor noted below. Small amounts of iodine prepared as directed under V.S. iodine were weighed off and after solution in water with the aid of KI employed to standardize the NajSjO, sol; the factor is recorded below. Iodine prepared as directed by the U. S. P. under V. S. iodine was mixed with KI placed in a small porcelain crucible, heated on a sand bath until copious evolution of iodine fumes. Then one of a set of watch glasses with ground edges, which had been tared with a clip, was slipped over the top of the crucible until a sufficient amotmt of iodine had sublimed, when, after cooling, tlie watch glasses, clip and iodine were weighed again, the increase in weight noted being the amount of iodine. The watch glasses and iodine without clip were then put into a few Cc KI sol., and when the iodine was dissolved the NajSjOa V. S. was run in until the reaction was complete. The factor for the NajSjOa Sol. is noted below. Factor employing Kahlbaum's Chemical 1 Cc.= .011342 grammes iodine 1 c. c.= .9009 C. c. N/10 Na^S^O, V. S. Baker's Chemical 1 Cc. =.01 1362 grammes iodine. 1 Cc. =.9025 C. c. N/10 Na^S.Oa V. S. Iodine resublimed on funnel 1 c. c. =.01 1539 grammes iodine. 1 Cc.=.91652 Cc. N/10 Na^S^ V. S. Iodine resublimed on watch glass 1 Cc. =.01 1533 grammes iodine 1 Cc.=.91604 N/10 Na^SaOa V. S. These results indicate that the use of resublimed iodine gives higher and probably more accurate results than the potassium dichromate method. I am fully aware of the fact that the potassium dichromate used for standardization is usually directed to be checked against pure iron as evidenced by the following citation from page 136 U. S. Dept. Agr. Division of Chemistry, Bui. 107 re- vised. Under the determination of the iodine number of fats and oils. "Decinormal potassium bichromate. — Dissolve 4.9083 grams of chemically pure potassium bichromate in distilled water and make the volume up to 1 liter at the temperature at which the titrations are to be made. The bichromate solution should be checked against pure iron;" but of course this requires another determination and further complicates the standardization of the NajSjOa V. S. In view of the close duplicates obtained by the use of resublirned iodine, and, the simplicity of employing the watch glasses 'and clip method, I would suggest this as the most satisfactory means of accurately standardizing NajSjOj V. S. The sodium thiosulphate solution was made by taking 4 liters of distilled water, boiling until all air and CO2 were expelled, placing in a large amber colored bottle and when cool, dissolving about 100 grams of C. P. sodium thiosulphate in the liquid. The bottle containing the solution was set away in a dark place until ready for use (about 6 weeks). Then a syphon tube with pinch cock was inserted and a layer of neutral liquid petrolatum placed on top of the liquid, when, by blowing into a hollow glass tube in the other hole of the rubber stopper, the syphon was started. The solution made by using distilled water from which the air and CO2 are expelled, allowing it to stand until decompo- sition and precipitation has taken place, and then covering it with a layer of liquid petrolatum and syphoning off the quan- tities of solution required, makes an ideal method of handling not only this volumetric solution but very many others it being our practice to follow this method whenever possible. The Rutherford County (Tenn.) Druggists' Association was recently organized at the drug store of the Sweeney Drug Co., Murfreesboro, and all of the druggists of that city are mem- bers. Every druggist in the county will be invited to join. R. W. Vickers was elected president and E. B. Griffis secre- tary. The organization will meet every two weeks. The Har- rison law is receiving the members' particular attention. 218 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [May, 1915 FROM EUROPEAN WORKERS New Analytical Methods — Analysis of Glycerophos- phates — Salvarsan-Sodium — Detection of Saponin in Beverages MOST of the articles now appearing in the journals from abroad are along analytical lines, and the Abstracts this month reflect this state of affairs. Improvements in pharmaceutical processes and preparations do not seem to be claiming as large a share of attention as formerly. Among the new tests outlined below are those for saponin, iodine in tinctures, the cinchona alkaloids, and glycerin in glycero- phosphates. Among the new remedies discussed salvarsan- sodium, a soluble compound of this important arsenical, is of chief interest. Two English chemists show that iodine as a germicide in alcohol and water solution is about four times as powerful as phenol. Bourquelot and his students report a new biochemical synthesis. Analysis of Glycerophosphates — After an extended investigation of the methods of analysis used for glycerin and glycerophosphates, Francois and Bois- menu sum up as follows: Free glycerin may be detected by transforming it into acrolein by heating with potassium bi- sulphate, and conducting the vapors into a solution of rosani- line decolorized by sodium bisulphite. The red color resulting changes to blue on heating. The glycerin must first be freed from formaldehyde, alcohol, water, and all volatile substances by heating on the water bath. Glycerin combined in glycero- phosphates may be detected by the same procedure, and the same is probably true of glycerin combined in lecithin. Oxi- dation .of free glycerin in the wet way must be conducted with a large excess of potassium dichromate, if the product is to be carbon dioxide alone, and the solution must be boiled for a long period. The ratio of glycerin to dichromate should be about 1 to 20. The solution must be boiled for two hours at least. The same method gives exact results for combined glycerin. After treatment with the chromate mixture, the so- lution can be used for the determination of the phosphoric acid. A New Biochemical Synthesis — Bourquelot, Bridel, and Aubry have effected the synthesis of a new glucoside from isopropylene glycol, a diacid alcohol in which one alcohol group is primary and the other secondary. It also contains an asymmetric carbon atom, but is optically inactive through internal compensation. It was of interest to learn whether the union with glucose would give a mono- or a di-glucoside, and whether the products would be active. A mixture containing lOOg. of glucose, 400g. of the glycol, and 63g. of distilled water was treated with 5g. of emulsin, and allowed to stand at room temperature from March till October. In that interval the rotation had changed from 23.33° to —2.43°. After removal of the water and uncombined glycol, the glucose was destroyed by fermentation with top yeast, and the residue purified by distillation and extraction with proper sol- vents. The glucoside could not be crystallized. It had a markedly bitter taste, did not reduce copper solution, and had a rotation of — 30.3° Hydrolysis with dilute acid gave 0.542g. of glucose from 0.7612g. of substance: the theory for a mono- glucoside is 0.575g. of glucose. The glycol recovered from this glucoside was inactive, proving that the synthetic action of .imilsin .iffccts both optical isomers in the same manner. (J. !'liiin ' liini., 1915, p. 105.) Iodine in Pharmaceutical Preparations — Lorniand criticizes Thurston's method for the determination of iodine in tinctures on the ground that the reaction between the iodine compounds and potassium dichromate is not com- l>l(tc within a reasonable time, since carbon tetrachloride will slill c\ii,i(t free iodine from the reaction mixture after forty- ( lii.uis. The author proposes the following method: A sample of about 5g. of the tincture is weighed out in a beaker, and to it are added 5 or 6 drops of a solution of so- dium bisulphite, followed by sufficient water to give a clear solution, without any yellow tint. Two drops of caustic soda solution are then added, to convert the bisulphite into the neutral salt. At this stage all iodine is converted into iodide. After the addition of 5 drops of nitric acid, the solution is boiled. Under these conditions, the author claims that no iodine is lost, while the greater part of the sulphur dioxide is driven off. Then lOcc. of normal silver nitrate are mea- sured into the beaker, with an additional 5cc. of nitric acid. The silver iodide is coagulated by a second boiling of the solu- tion. If the precipitate is grayish, this indicates the pre- sence of a little silver sulphite, which must be broken up by prolonged boiling. The silver iodide is then collected and weighed as usual. (Lormand, .^nn. Falsific, 1914, p. 432.) Delicate Reaction of Apomorphine — The characteristic blue coloration produced by the oxida- tion of apomorphine hydrochloride solutions by atmospheric oxygen can be intensified as follows : Five cc. of the solution are mixed with 5 drops of a saturated solution of mercuric chloride and the same amount of 10 per cent, sodium acetate solution. The mixture is boiled, cooled, and shaken with amyl alcohol, which dissolves the blue substances. The test is claimed to be sensitive to one part of apomorphine in 500,000. (Grimbert and Leclere, J. Pharm. Chim., 1915, p. 23.) Detection of Saponin in Beverages — The use of Nessler's reagent for the detection of saponin is found to be of no value, at the presence of coffee extract interferes with the test, reacting in the same way as saponin. In order to separate the saponin in sufficiently pure form, the author proceeds to change it into a difficultly soluble barium compound. The saponin is first extracted by shaking the liquid under examination with phenol solution, and from the latter the saponin is removed by shaking with water. This aqueous solution is concentrated on the water bath to 25 cc, transferred to a 125 cc. cylinder, which is then filled up with freshly prepared, saturated baryta water, and after vigorous shaking the cylinder is set aside until settling is complete. The clear liquid is poured into another vessel, which is also filled with baryta water as before, shaken, and allowed to settle. This process is repeated until a colorless liquid is ob- tained. The combined precipitates are washed into a flask, decomposed by carbon dioxide, the solution filtered, and evapo- rated to dryness. The saponin, which at this stage is con- taminated with barium carbonate, is purified by extraction with alcohol. The purified substance gives with concentrated sulphuric acid first a green color, which slowly changes to yellow, then to pink, red. reddish violet, and finally a dirty red with violet streaks. (Campos, ."^nn. Chim. Anr.Iyt., p. 289.) Salvarsan-Sodium — In order to avoid the difficulties and inconveniences at- tendant on the preparation of solutions of salvarsan in alka- lies, the manufacturers have brought out a new product, known as salvarsan-sodium, which is siinpK- il..- ,vv lent, .solution, nuulo up in 0.4 per cent, salt solution, which has been iire\icnislv sterilized and cooled, (.\poth. Ztg., 1915, p. 135.) The Louisville (Ky.) College of Ph.Trmacy senior class or- ganization has elected these officers: President. Hart Perry, Richmond, Ky. ; vice president, David Garbcr, JcUico. Tenn,; secretary-treasurer, B. F. Doherty. Louisville: sergeant-at-arms, C. H. Adams, Louisville. May 12 was set for the graduation exercises. News and Trade Section Future of American Made Perfume and Toilet Goods Preparations made in the United States are Declared to be the equal in Every respect of those imported Written especially for "The Pharmaceutical Era" by A. M. Spiehler, president of the Manufacturing Perfumers' Association of the United States AMERICAN manufacturers of perfumes and toilet prepa- rations stand squarely on tlie broad platform that their products are equal, on all lines, point by point, I ) the foreign product ; that in many instances they are superior. In quality alone, the foreign makers have nothing ^^^^^^^^^ to offer; they have simply the ^^^^^^^H^^^k advantage of a label to ^^^^^^^F^^^^ the retail buyers of America. ^^^^^^K/l^ \ American products now pos- ^^^H^^W^^ \ sess a decided merit of economy ^^^m ■'^SatlHttk ^'^^ American buyer. Out '*^*^B^B'l °^ every dollar spent for for- \ f perfumes and toilet ar- ^ 'icles, 65 cents goes to the ustom house in payment of duty. To this duty, there is now added, because of the war, extraordinary freight and insurance charges upon the goods in transit. The question may well be asked: "What is the future of .\merican-made perfumes and \ M .'^rii.iiLfiR toilet preparations?" With the advantage of actual merit in quality and a demonstrated economy in price, augmented by war conditions, why should not the American manufac- turer capture the American field? Why should he not estab- lish himself forthwith, in a position to dominate the home market? Such promises to be the outcome of the situation. Indications are to be seen on all sides that the demand for our American products is growing day by day. The Case of Talcum Powder Not only is the use of American perfumes increasing, but never before has the consumption of toilet articles of cer- tain grades been as great as at the present juncture. Talcum powder may be taken as an excellent example. Here is a strictly American product, invented by an American manu- facturer, which has attained a sale that can only be measured in hundreds of tons. While leading foreign makers have been forced to engage in the manufacture of this important toilet article, the .-Vmerican product controls the home market. How long will American women continue to pay a higher price for an inferior product because of a foreign label? Has not the time arrived when a campaign of education should be started to create a spirit of patriotism in favor of American goods? How long can prejudice alone aid the foreigner to market his product in open competition with the American manufacturer? All manufacturers, American and foreign, draw their raw materials from the same source of supply. American genius has achieved a notable triumph in recent years, however, in reproducing more successfully the odor of the natural flowers. In the delicate blending of odors in perfumes of the higher class, the foreign manufacturers to day have fallen behind. They are unable to compete with American skill. It is time the women of America, who constitute the main class of ultimate consumers, were taught the superiority of quality that has been achieved by domestic genius. Five of the leading foreign companies have established branches in the United States, making their products in this country, but marketing their output with a foreign label. The American consumers are paying extra money in these cases for the label alone. There is a law against misbranding of products, that is strongly supported by popular sentiment; why should not this false labelling of goods come under equal condemnation of public sentiment? U. S. Manufacturers Guarantee Products The American manufacturer stands behind his own pro- ducts. Always and in every case, he makes good any defects and he can always be reached to meet demands of retailers. If foreign products deteriorate or are in any way damaged, the loss falls on the American retailer. Why should not the retail druggists of America favor Ameri- can-made perfumes and toilet preparations, in preference to the foreign product? Why, in fact, should they not co- operate in educating the American buyer to prefer American goods? Much is heard in these days of a recreated patriotic spirit in American trade. This is America's opportunity to capture the markets of the world and to establish domestic in- dustries on a broader foundation than they have had in the past. American manufacturing perfumers ask no special favors from American consumers. They do ask simple justice, how- ever. They offer quality and price. They are competing, not against merit but prejudice ; it is now simply a contest of labels. How long will a label — often a false and misleading label at that — be rated higher in the American market by the American buyer than superior quality at lesser cost? The retail drug trade will be taking no chance with its customers. It can safely undergo an injection of trade patriotism, without jeopardizing the quality of the products that are offered to consumers in the way of American made perfumes and toilet preparations. The pertinent question is asked, what the American Manu- facturing Perfumers' Association is doing, in this crisis of trade, to increase the demand for American made goods. In the past, it must be admitted frankly its efforts have been fee- ble. Such attempts have been limited practically to the mis- sionary work done through the salesmen, employed by the members of the association. A few articles have appeared from time to time in magazines and trade papers, but they have been comparatively few. There is a wide-open field for the cultivation of a spirit of civic patriotism cn the part of the manufacturing perfumers of the United States. Never was there a more opportune time for the initiation of a campaign of education among the women of America. Doubtless scores of American associations engaged in kindred industries stand ready to cooperate. In no case, however, are the opportunities for efficient expansion of trade greater than in the case of the manufacturing per- fumers. Certain, in no cases are the arguments based on more solid foundations. It is time the men who are manu- facturing perfumes and toilet articles in America, made an effective appeal to the retail druggists of the country and through this agency to reach out to the ultimate consumer, the American woman. Urges Effective Laws Against Fakes Baltimore, April 10 — Dr. L. F. Kebler, chief of the drug division. Bureau of Chemistry, United States Department of Agriculture, recently lectured before the Advertising Club of Baltimore and urged effective laws to wipe out fake medicines and to prevent quack doctors and so-called beauty specialists from plying their trade. Dr. Kebler did not mince words in condemnation of those who perpetrate fraud upon the public, and he said that the Government was using every means in its power to put out of business those who manufacture and offer for sale "cure-alls" of every description. 220 ' THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [May, 1915 Druggists find Electric Novelties Profitable This is One of the Special Lines Which Pharmacists are using to Build Up Commercial Side of Business mrCH OUR WINDOW DISPLAYS Quality fi'^'^'^s An interesting window dis'play of electric novelties by the A. D. Thompson Drug Company, Minneapolis, Minn. A SPECTATOR sitting in the upper balcony of the Metropolitan Opera House, New York looking down into the pit, would see some unusually bright fire- flies. They flit over watchfaces, streak across programs, and shine above seat-numbers. These are Slectric flashlights. They can be profitably handled by drug stores. Returns are good, and the range of appeal is. wide. Pharmacy and flashlights are not as incongruous as they may seem. A sick baby or a sick man usually requires at- tention at night. How much better it is to keep a loaded "flash" under the pillow than a burning lamp on the table! How much easier it is to press a button than to ignite a stubborn wick or to stumble in the dark toward an elusive switch ! Consequently, one need feel no qualms in recom- mending flashlights to customers who have just bought medi- cine. Their usefulness is not confined to the sick-room. Well persons may use them to poke under furniture in search of lost collar buttons, to shine on mudholes along dark walks, to illuminate a room in which strange noises have been heard, to light up the barn when "Dobbin" must be harnessed at night, to "see Nellie home," or to explore — with greater safety — tlie "innards" of a balky automobile. Their conveni- ence to pharmaceutical purchasers is shown by the fact that one manufacturer is carrying on concentrated advertising in nurses' and druggists' magazines Their wide range of appeal is attested by the circumstance that tliis same concern is selling $18,000,000 worth of them annually. From such information as the Era has collected, it seems that the profits run from 33 percent., on very small orders, to 45 percent., on very large orders. A small assortment can be bought for about %\S, retailing at $25. Unfortunately, the whole of such an order would be needed to make aiiy sort of a window display. Mr. Hunter, manager of Liggett's Grand Central Store, the manager of a large city drug store, favorably situated in a huge railroad station, ilci l.ucs flashlights have proved an excellent side line. Profits arc higher than on other side-lines, he thinks, and the goods are salable throughout the year. They go nicely with cameras and cutlery. Renewal of batteries constitutes the real attractions of this line to the druggist, just as records and blades are more profitable in the long run than phonographs and safety razors. Sales for batteries average four and a half for each lightcase. Profits on these are approximately proportional to profits on the original flashlight. Window display is the logical method of advertising these goods. The manufacturers will furnish car and window cards. Retailers will also gather the benefits from a wide and ex- pensive campaign now being conducted by magazine and peri- odical advertising. A few cards and the "flashes" themselves furnish the best exhibits for a window. The same instinct which make fish swim toward a torch and small boys drag lanterns instills in the man a desire to possess a flashlight — and use it. James W. Gedney Wins Suit In the suit of H. Planten & Son, Brooklyn. X. Y., against (>: ]':ist 133rd street, New York City, United States District Court has affirms the right of the defendant IS products as "C. & C." and Ged- il.ick) Capsules. The court rules that there has been no infringement of the trademark of H. Plan- ten & Son, maintaining that "C. & C." is merely a shortening of "Cubebs and Copaiba" and therefore purely descriptive. Mr. Gedney will be pleased to supply copies of the full court decision to parties specially interested in tliis trademark liti- gation. Tames W, Ge.h Judge Wahrr 1 dismissi-il iln , to continue ti' ney's "C. & C. The New York State Pharmaceutical .\ssociation will hold its annual meeting at Buffalo, June 22 to 25. inclusive. The Buffalo committee of arrangements includes Thomas Stoddard, W. G. Gregory, R. K. Smither and George Reiniann. May, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 221 Druggists Successful in Selling Fishing Tackle Particularly in Small Towns where Good Angling is Nearby Has the Drug Store an Opportunity to Satisfy the Demand Brook fishing still remains one of the most popular American sports MAXY druggists do not realize the possibilities of hand- ling fishing tackle. For drug stores in smaller towns, and for those in, or under, hotels at summer resorts ■near stocked water, there is a profitable field in this branch •of sports. In large cities, specialized sportsmen's shops handi- •cap the concerns which would carry angling goods as a side- line; but in smaller communities a lucrative trade of this sort may be established, even if in competition with hardware merchants. "The small-town druggist has a distinct advantage over the hardware dealer," a manufacturer of fishing goods tells the Era. "The hardware man, when handling fishing equipment, nearly always aims at volume of biisiness. He tries to turn his stock over several times during the brief season of demand. As a consequence, he slashes his prices to a point where his profits are less than the cost of doing business, and refuses to handle goods of better quality, because they can not be sold speedily and repeatedly. There is thus a demand for high-grade materials which he does not meet. "The druggist, on the other hand, does not confuse his sporting goods with his other stock. He maintains his profits of from fifty to one hundred per cent, on anglers' supplies, and establishes a line of permanent customers who would not 'be content with shoddy outfits." Chance to Sell Other Things If the clerk be a good salesman, tackle will probably be the least of the fisherman's purchases in the drug store. Every sale of hooks and corks will furnish a convenient occasion for pushing other wares which the disciple of Walton may need on his trip. It will stimulate a supplementary demand for cigars and tobacco, pipes, matches, cutlery, thermos bottles, malted milk tablets, condensed and dessicated foods of all sorts, sunburn lotions, oil of pennyroyal, and other medica- ments. Set a fisherman to sell a fisherman. .\ clerk who himself indulges in the sport can pull and satisfy local trade. When a ctistomer buys camphor balls, he does not ask advice as tn the proper size and style of each particular ball; 'but when he buys tackle, he frequently prefaces his purchase with a query: — "Say, Bill, what sort of a hook would you Along the seaboard surf fishing attracts hundreds who wade in with rubber boots to snare the finny tribe. 222 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [May, 1915 use for those striped bass in Skunk Creek?" If "Bill" can tell him, the chances of a sale are enhanced. So, the druggist who is himself a fisherman, has a drawing power and an advantage above his competitor whose hands have never been calloused by a rod. It is noteworthy, in this regard, that A. W. Law, treasurer of Abbey and Imbrie, one of the largest wholesalers- of fishing tackle, has informed the Era that when druggists do handle fishing tackle it is usually because some one in their stores are themselves enthusiastic about the sport. Advertising Should be Easy Advertising tackle should be comparatively easy. It has received little attention. The skilful advertiser should re- ceive proportionate results. The common method is simply to lump rods, lines, hooks, and corks together in a window, relying on the primal love of fishing to make the display ef- fective. A little ingenuity could evolve more striking means with little trouble and slight expense. The Robert Ogiivy Company of New York, who conduct a retail department in connection with their wholesale business, have worked out an attractive mechanical sign with no more machinery than an old eight-day clock, two small storage bat- teries, and an ordinary gilt fish sign. The president of the company, being of an inventive mind, constructed the mechanism himself. The fish was hung by a pendulum, which was attached with a spring to the back of a board hung high in the window. Its lower jaw was sawn, and a hinge was inserted. .\ string ran from this jaw to a crank, which was rotated by the main wheel of the clock, the escapement wheel having been removed. This crank also set the fish moving in the plane of the pen- dulum, by means of a jointed, piston-like rod. A wire from the two small batteries ran down the pendulum. A frog containing treble hooks was suspended in front of the fish, just at the end of the arc in which it was swinging. As the open-mouthed fish swung up to the frog, the string attached to its lower jaw was pulled up, contact was es- tablished, and the eyes glowed. Apparently, he had snapped at the twitching frog, who bobbed about in helpless terror. Avoid Overstocking This is only one device of the many which may suggest themselves to the fertile-minded pharmacist. Even a con- ventional advertisement of fishing tackle in a daily newspaper would stand out like a sore thumb — so few persons ever give publicity to these goods. Above all, the wise druggist will remember that the demand for anglers' supplies is seasonal and rigidly limited, and that no ingenuity, no perseverance, can retrieve the mistake of overstocking. Baseball Goods Find Ready Sale in Many Drug Stores A CANVASS of a number of drug stores to find out what sidelines are profitable to the druggist during the summer months indicates that, next to camera sup- plies, baseball and tennis goods bring in the most profit. This, of course, does not include cigars and stationery which are part of the regular stock of the druggist the year round. The initial expense required to lay in a stock of baseball goods is comparatively small, ranging from $50 to $150. One druggist, who has a small store in the suburbs of a large city, said that each spring he bought $50 worth of base ball goods from a firm in Cincinnati. That gave him sufficient stock to supply the early demands of the boys in the neighborhood for their spring practice. During the summer he ordered more goods as occasion demanded and in the course of the season bought in all about $300 worth. The profit on these goods was about thirty-three and one-third per cent., so that at the end of the summer months he had made $100 gross profit with very little extra trouble and expense. In addition, the soda and candy sold to the boys who came into the store for baseball goods amounted to considerable. A man who has a store opposite a large public school found he could make a much greater profit than this. He began carrying baseball goods three years ago and in that time esti- mated that he has made a profit of about $1,800. Before the school closed in the spring he said that he often sold $10 or $15 worth of baseballs, gloves and bats in a single day. Most of the sales were of the cheaper grade of goods such as the high school boys wanted for practice. During the latter part of the summer the playgrounds near the school made a fairly constant demand for athletic goods. He also sold a large number of tennis balls as the playgrounds included tennis courts open to the public. In a small town not far from New York City a druggist said he had been able to work up a considerable trade in baseball goods by appealing to the members of the juvenile baseball league. His attention was first attracted to the pos- sibilities of baseball goods by the demands of his young son who played on one of the teams. The young son may have helped -to advertise his father's business but soon after the druggist put in his supply he had worked up a good sized trade. The sales were small but numerous. He encouraged the members of the league to come to his store for their sup- plies by "setting up" the sodas to the members of the win- ning team after each league game. The amount of window display required to advertise such a side line is small. ^Many of the druggists use the same window that contains their other wares. They say they find it sufficient merely to let the passer by know that such things are in the store. Those who make the greatest profit, however, are the ones who divide their window and make a special display of athletic goods, from one quarter to one third of the entire window space being used for this purpose. One enterprising dealer secured large pictures of the big league teams in action and used them as a background for his dis- play. The sales manager of one of the best known sporting goods houses in New York City said that his firm already supplied baseball and tennis goods to hundreds of druggists all over the country. "The stores in the smaller towns and at the sum- mer resorts are our best customers." he said. "The orders from these customers avcr.ige about $100 at a time. We sell the largest amounts to the druggists at the watering places and the fashionable mountain resorts, as the customers at these places demand a better line of goods." MEYER BROS. DRUG CO. TO REORGANIZE Report of Receiver Shows that Business of the Firm Totaled more than $5,000,000 a Year St. Louis, April 20 — Yesterday Edwin W. Lee, receiver for Meyer Bros. Drug Co., filed his report for the 47 business days he had been in charge of the concern. This was supple- mented by a report from the accountants, who set forth that at various times certain officers and stockholders had with- drawn sums totaling $751,220.93; that five corporations pro- moted by certain officers of the drug company, ami owning realty and leaseholds in St. Louis, had rccci\r(l :i(l\:iiires from the drug company of $361,482.71. Estiniatr^ ,<\ v, h it should be realized on these properties and mone>' w illuli.iw n were made. The report also mentioned a claim of the wife of an officer of the company for the proceeds of a note for $100,000 deposited with the company, the note being secured by col- lateral and endorsed by the company. The report stated the company had pursued the policy of carrying life insurance on delinquent debtors and that on Feb. 0, 1915, insurance of this character was carried to the ex- tent of $201,250. The assets of the company, according to the' report included warehouse property in Kansas City, salt mines in Michigan, and residence, farm and timber property, tlie equity of which was estimated at $160,384. The accountants stated that at the time the books were gone over the indebtedness of cus- tomers to the company was $351,891.43. The receiver stated that he had taken advantage of dis- counts on all purchases and had saved $6,635.03. He said he had retained only necessary employes and put the saving in salaries in two months at $2,933.33. He said that from an e.xamination of the books it appeared that the business of the firm had totaled from $5,000,000 to $6,000,000 a year. He estimated that from tlie amount of business during the time he had been in charge the total this year would be from $3,000,000 to $4,000,000. Reorganization plans are e.\pected to be completed by May 1 for the resumption of business as in the past. May, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 223 A Change in Drug Journal Publishers W. H. Cousins, of Wichita 1-alls, Texas, well km out the drug trade as a humorist, writer, and pharmacist, is notliing if not versatile, for other worlds to conquer, has reefed hi: on the voyage of pharmaceutical journalism. On the first of last month he purchased the Southern Pharmaceutical Journal, succeeding E. G. Eberle as owner and editor, and will hereafter wield the blue pencil himself. He brings to his new venture a practi- cal knowledge of the drug business, the pen of a ready writer, and the experi- ence of one who has successfully solved the commercial side of the drug busi- ness. That he will creditably acquit himself in his new undertaking there is no doubt, and the Era wishes him bon z-oyage. E. G. Eberle, former owner and editor of the journal named, has been selected by the Council of the A. Ph. A. as editor of that organization's Journal, succeeding Prof. J. H. Beal who resigned some months ago on account of failing health. Prof. Eberle has been prominent in Texas drug circles for many years, having ser\ed both as president of the State association and as professor of pharmacy in Baylor University. He has long been a member of the Ameri- can Pharmaceutical Association which he has served in many different capaci- ties, including the presidency, and is thoroughly familiar with its object and work. He was bom in Watertown, Wis., in 1863, and graduated from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy in 1884. He joined die association in 1896 and since that time has attended prac- tically every annual meeting. No mem- ber is more widely or better known in the association and all of the friends, and they are many, are sure that he will remain true to the best traditions of American Pharmacy and pharmaceutical journalism. • New Board of Pharmacy Member Jacob H. Rehfuss, of BrookljTi, has been appointed to the New York State Board of Pharmacy to fill out the term of Thomas F. Raymow, recently deceased. Mr. Rehfuss re- quires little introduction. He is well known to the progressive pharmacists of the country, having been actively engaged in pharmaceutical affairs, both National and State, for years. He is now chairman of the legislative committee of the National Association of Re- tail Druggists. As president, he called to order the conven- tion of the New York State Pharmaceutical Association at Saratoga Springs last June. He is an ex-president of the Kings County Pharmaceutical Society, and its college, the Brooklyn College of Pharma- cy. Although Mr. Rehfuss has always been a hard and earnest organization worker, he has not neglected his store, and may be looked upon as a successful druggist. Be- sides running his business and carrying on his organization work, he found time only a year or so ago to successfully com- plete a post graduate course at the B. C. P. Eberle Neilly, Director of Advertising FEW men in the drug trade have had a more interesting and varied experience in sales and advertising than \\'illiani C. Noilly, who was made assistant to the president of Frederick -Stearns & Co., of Detroit, last year, recently assumed the additional duties of director of adver- tising for that company. Starting out with the Angier Chemical Co. of Boston, he rose in about eight years to a position where he was placed in control of sales and advertising in Canada, West Indies and South America. Mr. Neilly was then em- ployed in a similar position by Chester Kent & Co. for several years, and later be- came advertising manager of the United Drug Co., a po- sition he held for eight years. In the latter capaci- ty, all of the responsibility of organizing the United Drug Co., Ltd. of Canada was placed upon him, as well as the task of estab- lishing laboratories in Toronto. The successful accomplish- ment of this work led to his selection as the first president and general manager of the Canadian corporation, while he con- tinued to administer the duties of advertising manager for the Boston company. IMr. Neilly has been an ardent student of publicity methods and the art of planning advertising cam- paigns to sell goods, .^s the director of advertising for Frederick Stearns & Co., his wide experience and e-xtended knowledge of conditions in his chosen field are sure to add to the reputation he has already so honorably won. r WIXLLA.M: C. Neilly Pacific Drug Trade Prospering H. C. Reck, manager of the druggists' sundries department of the Coffin Redington Co., San Francisco, a recent visitor in New York, is not pessimistic as to drug and general trade conditions on the Pacific Coast. California, he says, like other parts of the country, has undergone a period of business quietude. In San Francisco itself, the situation was inten- sified by a multitude of 'tourists' of the brake-beam variety, who came West with the expectation that the exposition might furnish them with work. But, on the other hand, the re- action caused by the war has not been felt as keenly there as in the East. Business now has a better tone. The exposition has been a real inspiration to business. Drug wholesalers and drug manufacturers, however, have not re- alized the importance of exhibiting. Very few of them are represented. This shows a failure to take advantage of the situation. The A. Ph. A., and other bodies of a similar nature will convene in San Francisco. "This circumstance, in itself, should be a sufficient motive for elegant displays. Large pharmaceutical firms never had a better opportunity to advertise by exhibits." According to Mr. Reck, the attendance at the exposition has exceeded that of any other fair ever held in the United States. Mr. Reck expressed his opinion of the chances of the small pharmacist in competition with chain drug stores. These linked establishments are present on the Pacific coast, as in the East. "They enjoy advantages of discount that the small dealer does not! There is only one answer to the situation: — They must cut an awful slice off the small fellow's profits." Jacob H Rehpuss — R. A. McCoRMiCK, vice-president of McCormick & Co., Baltimore, Md., is chairman of the Maryland Commission to the Panama-Pacific Exposition, and with Governor Golds- borough, his staff and many notables of the State, will leave for San Francisco on May 6 to attend the ceremonies incident to "Maryland State Day" on May 19. As a young man Mr. McCormick was a resident of the Pacific Coast for a number of years and was married in San Francisco. 224 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [May, 1915 — Ernest I. Webster, proprietor of the Grafton, Mass., drug store recently celebrated the 36th anniversary of his en- trance into the drug business. On March 17, 1879, he started in Castleton, N. Y., and later was engaged at Canaan, Ct., Hartford, Ct., Longmeadow, Mass., and Waterbury, Ct. In the last-named city he conducted the West side pharmacy. Ha came to Grafton nine years ago and purchased the store of Henry J. Pushard. He is a member of Franklin lodge, F. & A. M., in Grafton, also of Hampden lodge, I. O. O. F., of Springfield. He has four children, one of whom JJr. Lloyd H. Webster, is superintendent of the pill department of the John Wyeth & Co. Edgar A. is with Brewer & Co., Worcester, and Duane E. is a student at the Massachusetts C. P. — William C. Gregory, Marblehead, Mass., druggist, com- pleted 45 years in the drug business as "his own boss" re- cently. Since 1889 he has conducted his present store in the Gregory block, corner School and Essex streets. During his business career he has been burned out three times and his store has been burglarized many times. At present the busi- ness is in a very flourishing condition. He went into busi- ness for himself at 21. During his career he has compounded 70,743 prescriptions. He installed the first telephone in Mar- blehead. He is a 32 degree Mason and a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Boston. He is also a member of Atlantic lodge of Odd Fellows and Wil- liam D. Gregory camp of Sons of Veterans. — Warren L, Bradt, secretary of the New York State Board of Pharmacy, recently addressed the members of the Albany Drug Club on the different laws governing the practice of pharmacy in New York State. Among other things he stated that the pharmacist doing business in the State is operating subject to the provisions of twelve or thirteen statutes, be- sides the various local ordinances. His remarks were so well received by members of the Troy Association who were pre- sent that he was requested to repeat the address in that city, and which he did before a large number of druggists of Troy, Cohoes and vicinity in the Chamber of Commerce rooms, Troy. — Dr. a. Jacobi, the Nestor of American medicine, and an ex-president of the American Medical Association, will be tendered a testimonial banquet on the evening of May 6, at the Hotel Astor, New York, the occasion being the eighty- fifth anniversary of his birthday. The banquet is given under the auspices of the Bronx Hospital and Dispensary, William J. Robinson, M. D., being the chairman of the com- mittee of arrangements. The price per plate has been fixed at $3, and reservations for seats should be sent to A. L. Gold- water, M. D., treasurer, 141 West 121st street, New York. — H. U. BOLLES, president of the Weatherhead Drug Co., Cincinnati, was recently honored by appointment as one of the members of a special committee of 150 of the leading business men of the city, who are charged with the duty of suggesting, and, if possible, carrying out, improvements de- signed to help the downtown district of the city. From Charles P. Taft, brother of the former president, to "Garry" Herrman, of baseball fame, the committee contains only well- known and successful men, and the selection of Mr. Bolles is therefore a high compliment to him. — Frank N. Carpenter, secretary of the Manufacturing Perfumers' Association, is now general manager of Aubrey Sisters, Inc., 102 West 32nd street. New York City, manu- facturers of toilet preparations. Mr. Carpenter was for many years associated with Lazell, Dalley & Co., New York City, of 1906, has become connected with Aubrey Sisters, Inc., 102 West 32nd street, New York City, as head chemist. He formerly was with A. A. Vantine & Co. and Wanamaker's, New York. — Dr. Charles P. T. Fennell, president of the Cincinnati section of the American Chemical Society and a w i ll-kiunvn pharmacist, and Dr. Alfred Springer, a prominent mcnilier of the Cincinnati organization, were among the princ>i3al sjicakers at a meeting of the Dayton section held recently, and which was at- tended by 25 Cincinnati druggists and chemical experts. The party was given a dinner at the National Cash Register Fac- tory, after a trip through the plant. — Frank G. Ryan, president of Parke, Davis & Co., De- troit, Mich., who had the misfortune to fall on the ice in front of his residence last February, breaking his right leg in two places below the knee, is once more at his desk, al- though the injured member is still protected by a cast. For another week or two he will have to navigate with the aid of crutches and an automobile. His general health is reported to be excellent. —Frank H. Altherr, of the Whittaker-G winner Drug Co., of Dayton, O., is one of the charter members of the Dayton branch of the National Association of Credit Men, which was recently organized. The Association in Dayton started with a charter list of thirty-five members, which is considered extremely good, in view of the relatively small size of the city. — William S. Fairchtld, son of Samuel W. Fairchild, of Fairchild Bros. & Foster, and former president of the New York College of Pharmacy, was recently married to Miss Cornelia De Lancey Cammann, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles L. Cammann, jr. The ceremony was performed at the Church of St. Mary the Virgin, this city. B. Tappen Fair- child was his brother's best man. — -Edgar H. Wilson, druggist, Indianapolis, who was re- cently arrested on the charge of obstructing a public highway with his automobile by letting it stand in front of his drug store for a period longer than the law permitted, was dis- charged in the police court. The policeman who made the arrest claimed that the auto stood for three hours, the drug- gist asserting it stood only 30 minutes. — Dr. Leo Suppan, assistant instructor in chemistry at the St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Mo., recently de- livered a lecture on the evolution of the apothecary shop be- fore the St. Louis Medical History club. The subject of his lecture was "The Apothecary Shops of the Monasteries in the Middle Ages." It was illustrated. — J. M. Wallace, pharmacist at the R. C. Webster drug store. Canton, 111., recendy celebrated his 54th year in the drug business. He observed upon this occasion that not only had the drug business changed greatly in the past 50 years, but people have also changed in their habits. He has con- ducted drug stores in Bushnell and Lewistown. — Jerome J. Keene, for two years in the drug business at Talbott avenue and 22nd street, Indianapolis, and for six years a member of the Indiana State Board of Pharmacy, has been appointed special inspector in the narcotic depart- ment for the Sixth internal revenue district, and will busy himself in enforcing the Harrison law. — John R. Wall, a former member of the New York State Board of Pharmacy, was recently re-elected president of the U. A. Sage Club, a West Side social organization of New York City. In recognition of his services the members of the club presented him with a silver loving cup. — Fred S. Rogers, of Middletown, N. Y., at last report was convalescent from a serious surgical operation at the Polyclinic hospital, this city. He is reported to be doing nicely and his physicians assure him a complete restoration to health and to his oldtime vigor. No date has been set for his arrival home. — W. E. Kennedy, proprietor of the City drug store. Clin- ton, 111., for the past five years, left recently for Chicago, where he will make his home. He will work for a time at the drug store of his daughter at 65 th street and Vincennes avenue. He sold his own store to B. G. Chambers. —Walter P. Scott, druggist, Lincoln. Nebr., who was seriously injured in an automobile accident recently will re- cover, it is reported. It was first thought that his left hip was broken, but this was disproved in the course of an X- ray examination. — Fred H. Ruicker, druggist, 1056 West 117th street, Chicago, was beaten until unconscious by a man who presented a spurious prescription calling for cocaine. The beating was delivered with the butt end of a revolver, which the fiend had first pointed at the druggist, then reversed. — Tames C. Crane, so\c agent of the Elcaya products. New ^'nrk. after a long period of close application to business, is taking a much needed rest at the French Lick Springs, Ind. lie left New York on April 3 and will remain at the Springs about four weeks. The Hemphill bill, now before the Indiana State legislature, provides that prospective drug clerks must take a two years' course before they make application for examination. Those antagonistic to the measure claim that it is aimed at a pri\-ate school conducted by Professor A. L. Green. Irvington. Pro- fessor Green was the dean at Purdue University School of Pharmacy previous to the establishment of his school several years ago. aiAY, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 225 — Fr.\nk L. E. Gauss, formerly secretary of the Searle & Hereth Co., manufacturing pharmacists, Chicago, and a promi- nent member of the Chicago Drug Club, and later identified with McClure's Magazines and other publications, has been elected president of the Sterling Gum Co., of New York. — Mrs. Edwin O. G.\le, whose husband died two years ago and was a member of Gale & Blocki, Chicago, druggists, has presented an '"S.OOO parsonage to Unity church, universalist, Kenilworth avenue and Lake street, Oak park. The house adjoins the church. — Adolph H. Ackerm.\n, proprietor of Ropes' Drug Co., Union street, Lynn, Mass., selling agents for the Penslar Drug Co., Detroit, was a guest of tiie latter company at a banquet in Montreal, April 5th. He was a speaker on that occasion. — W. H. Dakby, Florence, S. C, has been appointed State inspector under the Harrison law. He will leave his pharmacy in charge of his son, W. H. Darby, jr., who graduates from college this Spring. — \V"u.LL\M Eger, for some time employed in a Cincinnati store, has taken charge of the Devanney Pharmacy, in Wash- ington C. H., Ohio, succeeding Jos. Wittenberg, who, in turn, goes back to Cincinnati, where he was formerly a drug clerk. — J. T. Dexson, proprietor of the Crescent drug store, DeKalb, 111., wrenched or sprained his foot while unpacking some bo.xes in the rear of his store. The injury was painful but will not cause permanent harm. — WrLLL\M H. Sage, druggist, has been appointed a deputy internal revenue collector, to assist Collector Julius F. Smie- tanka, of Chicago, enforce the Harrison law. Mr. Sage lives in Wheaton. — G. F. Stier, Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, druggist, recently appointed a Federal inspector to assist in the enforcement of the Harrison law, has been transferred from Collector Gil- ligan"s to Revenue Agent Captain Shelley's office. — WiLLL\M NoRTHRUP McMiLL.'tN', millionaire St. Louis, Mo., druggist and mine owner, with e.xtensive interests in England and Africa, has enlisted in the British army as lieu- tenant. He is said to have joined a regiment in Africa. — E. A. Deeds, for 15 years vice president and general man- ager of the National Cash Register Co., Dayton, Ohio, has resigned. — Ch.\rles T. BAUir.\XN, druggist, was elected mayor of Springfield, 111., by a plurality of 20 votes. According to re- port, the election will be contested. — Cl.\rexce Lile, Granite City, 111., druggist, who is a member of his county board of supervisors, has perfected a device for wrapping gum. — Dax Swanxell, druggist, was elected president of the Champaign, 111., chamber of commerce. — C. F. Wn-LLAM ScHVLTZ, Elgin, 111., druggist, has been appointed deputy grand master of Masons for his district. — O. L. Biebixger, secretary of the Mallinckrodt Chemical Works, St. Louis, was a recent visitor in this city. Obituaries FRED A. HUBBARD Fred A. Hubbard, of 8 Hollis street, Newton, Mass. a long- esUblished druggist in that city, and one of the most promi- nent men in Massachusetts in pharmaceutical matters, died April 19 of heart disease at his summer home in South Dux- bury. Mr. Hubbard was bom 56 years ago in Manchester, N. H., but had spent most of his life in Newton. Twenty- seven years ago, with another clerk, he purchased the store solely owned by himself in recent years. He had served as a member of the State Board of Registration in Pharmacy and as its secretary. He was a member of the American Pharma- ceutical, Massachusetts Pharmaceutical and the Boston Drug- gists' association, and of tlie Boston Association of Retail Druggists. In 1907-8 he was president of the National Associ- ation of Boards of Pharmacy, presiding at the annual meeting held in Hot Springs, Ark. For several years he served as ward alderman and alderman at large in Newton. He was the first president of the Newton Board of Trade and a mem- ber of Dalhousie lodge of Masons and of the Hvmnewell club <^f Newton. His wife, a son, a daughter and a brother sur- ■ '■ •■ him. The late F. M. Fisk FRED. M. nSK FRED M. FISK, manager of the European headquarters of Parke, Davis & Co., in London, died on the evening of April 10. While the end came suddenly, Mr. Fisk, had been seriously ill and in the hands of physicians for a number of months. Mr. Fisk's connection with the Detroit com- pany covered a period of something like 30 years. He was employed to explore what was new territory for the products of the house. First "covering" the Pacific Coast, he was subsequently sent on a trip around the world. He was very successful in intro- ducing the preparations of the house in Japan, India, Aus- tralia and in various coun- tries, other than those men- tioned. Mr. Fisk investigated the field for Parke, Davis & Co. in England, and was placed in control of the company's branch established in London. As compared with an original three, the company's organi- zation in Great Britain and on the continent now numbers about 400 employes. Mr. Fisk was born in Adri- an, Michigan, and was a member of the Adrian Com- mandery of Knights Templar. He was master of the Ameri- cessor in the conduct of the London branch is his brother,. Harry J. Fisk, who has long been associated with the London can Masonic lodge of London at the time of his death. He was also secretary of the American Navy league and presi- dent of the American Society in London. Mr. Fisk's sue- management. THOMAS F. RAYMOW Dr. Thomas F. Raymow, a member of the New York State Board of Pharmacy, died at his home in Brooklyn on April 12th, following an illness of some duration. Dr. Raymow was for a number of years a member of the faculty of Brooklyn College of Pharmacy, serving as lecturer in pharmaceutical Latin and instructor in phar- macy and drug assaying. In his demise the college has lost a faithful and loyal friend. This sentiment was unani- mously expressed by the mem- bers of the Kings County Pharmaceutical Society and the college at a recent meeting of the former organization, on which occasion the follow- ing resolution was adopted: "Resolved, That the Kings County Pharmaceutical Socie- ty enter upon its records a tribute to the memory of Dr. Thomas F. Raymow and di- rect that a copy thereof be forwarded to the family of our deceased friend with the assurance of an abiding sym- pathy with them in their hour The late T. F. Raymow of grief." Dr. Raymow was a practical pharmacist, as well as an educator, and until several years ago conducted a drug store at 559 Coney Island avenue, Brooklyn. He was a man who also believed in recreation, and a fishing trip in the Adiron- dacks during the month of August was an annual event with him. He was a member of the A. Ph. A. and the N Y S P. A. FRANK DANA MORSE Frank Dana Morse died at his home on Deering street, Portland, Me., on March 30, after a few days' illness, death 226 THE PHARMACEUTIC.VL ERA [May, 1915 being due to diabetes, from which he had long been a patient sufferer. He was born in Portland, September 11, 1873, and was a graduate of New York College of Pharmacy. For the l)ast twenty years he has been associated with H. H. Hay Sons, and since 1905 has been a director in that company. He was a member of the Portland club, Portland Yacht club, and the American and Maine Pharmaceutical associations, and a director of the Falsmouth Loan and Building Association. He never married. His mother and two sisters survive him. RECENT DEATHS — Levi M. Sxow, veteran Fairhaven, Mass., druggist, form- er representative from the sixth Bristol district and former chairm.an of the legislative committee on prisons, died re- cently. He was almost 74 years of age. For more than 50 years he had worked in a drug store, and 44 of those years he had spent in Fairhaven. He retired from business on New Year's eve, 1909. He served two terms in the Massachusetts legislature. He was born in Mattapoisett on April 19, 1841. In 1909, Mr. Snow retired from the Republican town com- mittee, upon which he had served for 25 years. He was presi- dent of the Massachusetts Ph. A. in 1889-90. In 1885 he became a member of the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy. He was a mason of high degree; a director of the George H. Tabor Masonic Building association, and a director of the Fairhaven National bank and the Fairhaven Institution for Savings. A widow and one daughter survive him. — George G. Cunningham, 76, died after a long illness from a complication of diseases at his home in Joplin, Mo. He had been a resident of Missouri for 50 years and of Jop- lin 15 years. Until 1912, when he was forced to retire because of ill health, he had been engaged in the drug business, first conducting a store at 15th and Main streets and later at 203 Main street. He was born in Tennessee in 1839. At 19 he went to Lebanon, Mo., there becoming interested in the drug business. In 1864, shortly before the close of the civil war, he enlisted in company I, Sixteenth Alissouri cavalry. He was a member of O. P. Morton post of the G. A. R. His wife, one son and two daughters survive him. — Louis ScHR--\DER, vice president of the Goodwin Drug Co., Wheeling, W. Va., died recently of heart failure. He was born in Hanover, Germany, and came to this country when about 15 years of age. For a number of years he was in the employ of McCabe-Kraft & Co., and later with Logan- List & Co., druggists. In 1883 he engaged with J. F. Good- win and A. C. Richardson in the wholesale drug business under the firm name of the Richardson-Goodwin . Drug Co. He had been connected with that company since its organiza- tion. His wife and three children survive. — William Thompson Burke, 53, prominent druggist of Philadelphia, and a former president of the Philadelphia A. R. D., died at his home of heart trouble. For more than 25 years Mr. Burke conducted a drug store at 11th street and Girard avenue. He was bom in Bristol, and after gradu- ating from P. C. P., married Florence Kennedy, daughter of the man who established the store, in which Mr. Burke later purchased an interest. A widow and one son survive. • — Benjamin Armstrong, 71, died following a ten days' illness of pneumonia at his home in Wilkes Barre, Pa. Mr. Armstrong was born in Wales, and came to this country 40 years ago. For 20 years he conducted the Music hall pharma- cy on West Market street. During the past 20 years he has been the relief druggist at different pharmacies in Wilkes Barre. His wife and two children survive him. — James A. Stone, druggist of Williamsburg, Va., died re- cently at his home in that city. He was a native of Cul- peper, and was for a number of years a resident of Richmond, where he was connected with W. P. Poythress & Co. Since leaving that firm several years ago, he has conducted a suc- cessful drug store at Williamsburg. His wife and one son survive. —Hiram F. Fell, of Oxbow, N. Y., died at the age of 80 years, after 57 years spent in the drug business. His death occurred just two days before he was to have turned over to a younger successor the little one-story frame drug store, in wliidi lif had for so many years compounded prescriptions. 'III! nl.l .li iiLiist is Mii\i\rd bv one son, who is manager .,f ll,- Willi, Ml -l-ll 1''' 11i.m:v .\km navi r, ()\ a retired druggist, died at his home at A{ho\, Mass., of pneumonia. He was a native of Canada. Mr. .\rsenault opened a drug store in .\thol in 1880, con- tinuing it until three years ago, when he sold out. He was a member of the St. Jean de Baptiste Societie. A wife and two daughters survive him. — S. W. Applecate, druggist who conducted a pharmacy at Michigan street and Colfax avenue. South Bend, Ind., died at the home of his father. His mind became unbalanced recently while working in the drug store. His wife and one child survive. — James B. Davis, 36, a buyer for the Spokane Drug Co., Spokane, Wash., died of heart failure a half hour following col- lapse while quietly speaking to a fellow employe in the of- fices of the company. His wife and a seven-year old son survive him. — Howard Kinsbury, 55, druggist, Philadelphia, was fatal- ly injured by a fall downstairs, dying soon after the accident in Hahnemann hospital. He once conducted a pharmacy at 11th and Walnut streets, but lost his money and the store through poor investments. • — John J. Holzschuh, 62, pioneer druggist of Minrmeapo- lis, Minn., who 35 years ago conducted a drug store at Wash- ington and 5th avenues in that city, is dead. Mr. Holzshuh had been engaged in the drug business all his life. — Frederick Harbridge, 78, pioneer druggist of Racine, Wis., died recently. He was bom at Cheshire, England, living first in Chicago, before he took up his residence in Racine. His wife and four sons survive. — Fr.'vnk W. Leon.\rd, Bay City, Mich., druggist, committed suicide. His act is ascribed to the Harrison lajv. He swal- lowed prussic acid when detectives found $500 worth of co- caine in rooms over his store. — William R. Smith, 57, for many years a druggist at Groveport, O., died recently following an illness of several months. The services were in charge of Groveport lodge of Masons. His widow and a son survive. — Frank X. Wolperx, 58, druggist, Louisville, Ky., died at his home of a complication of diseases. He had been in the drug business for more than 30 years. His widow and five children survive. — John C. Cronh-^rdt, 63, Baltimore, who at one time con- ducted a drug store at Greenmount avenue and Madison street, died at his home of pneumonia. His wife, a son and a daugh- ter survive. — H. E. LUBBINGA, druggist at 4841 Forrestville avenue, Chicago, dropped dead in his store in that city, heart disease being given as the cause. — W. A. Graham, 68, druggist of Sandusky, O., died at the Toledo State hospital. For years he had been a promi- nent member of the Ohio Ph. A. — Frederick D. Diamond, of Rogers & Diamond, Chicago, druggist, died recently. He was bom in Canada in 1874. .'\ widow and son survive. — Frank Sellers Dunlap, la., died in that city. He con- ducted a drug store and was in tlie prime of life. New York County Ph. S. Holds Annual Banquet The New \'ork ("iiunly Pharmaceutical Society licld its fifth annual banciuct at .Vschenbroedel hall, 150 East S6th street, about 200 members and guests attending. J. Leon Lascoff, president of the New York State Board of Pharmacy, acted as toastmaster, and among the speakers were Caswell .'\. Mayo, president of the .\merican Pharmaceutical .Associa- tion: Dr. Jacob Diner. pro-Dean of Fordham University School of Pharmacy; Dr. Joseph Wcinstein, president the New York Retail Druggists' Association: .\lderman Jacob Weil, Peter Diamond, John R. Wall, president of the National Pharmaceutical Society, and others. The society elected the following officers: Honorary president. Dr. George C. Diekman; president, Ber- nard Colle; vice-president, J. Leon Lascoff: treasurer. Otto Raubenheimer, and secretary, Oscar M. Goldlust. The Galveston (Tex.) Retail Druggists" Association re- cently held its 15th annual oyster roast, about 100 persons attending. Frank B. Dwyer. president of the Houston drug- gists' association, it is reported, won the medal for eating 4377 oysters during tlie evening. Dr. E. B. Kcnner officiated as master of ceremonies. May, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 227 News of American Pharmaceutical Association Hynsox The House of Delegates of the A. Ph. A.* By H. p. HYNSON, Phar. D., Baltimore. THE forty and more well organized and active state pharmaceutical associations which are most satisfac- torily and efficiently protecting and proniotinc; s;tiitr:il pharmaceutic interests in the several states of w hich c.u h is a part, are a positive pride and especially gratifying to all a part, are a positive pride and espe- cially gratifying to all loyal and ambi- tious pharmacists. All these state associations, you may reminded, have exactly the same- comprehensive character of membership. They include all the different phases of pharmacy and the basis of organization and the objects to be obtained are prac- tically the same in all of them. So far as their diversified membership and the work they are doing is concerned, they are also in exact accord with the Ameri- can Pharmaceutical Association of which they are proudly accepted children. These state associations are in no way justly subject to adverse criticism, yet, they, like many other good things, should progress naturally, and their usefulness and helpfulness should be steadily extended. Indeed, not- withstanding all that has been accomplished by them, these organizations may be made of still more value to their local constituents and of immensely more assistance, nationally. How? By giving them equal uniform and exclusive represen- tation in a national body composed of their delegates. This may be done by giving them sole control of the House of Delegates of the A. Ph. A. Why? Because, owing to the character of their membership, which is catholic, pharmaceutically, and not restricted to any special branch of pharmacy, the A. Ph. A. is the only national body with which they can consistently be connected, and the only one with the objects and work of which they can perfectly harmonize. In fact, they are now practically state divisions of the .•\merican Pharmaceutical Association; certainly, they are more possibly so and more nearly so than are any other class of local associations. What advantages would follow correlating these state asso- ciations and more closely attaching them to the A. Ph. A. ? Any one giving a moments open thought to the subject will see. The assistance and interest of other state associations may be secured to further progressive measures originating in any one of them, if the measure is not strictly local. The accomplishments and the helpful experiences of one may be passed on to the many. The voice of each local association may be heard by the others on national issues and the greatly desired uniformity of state laws and state measures may be more quickly secured; for instance, state pure food and drug acts, mercury bichloride regulations, poison labeling, weight and measure laws. There will always be interesting and help- ful suggestions coming from the local bodies, regarding sub- jects that have been intelligently discussed "at home". Representation in a national body will greatly stimulate and encourage' these state associations, by giving them an outlet for their views and conclusions regarding national questions. It will give them vastly increased opportunities for action, such opportunities as they are seeking and must have. To the A. Ph. A., the advantage of this more formal and more orderly connection will be manifold and far-reaching; the establishment of such a Hou.sc of Delegates will at last make the American Pharmaceutical .*\.ssociation truly the national representative of pan-pharmacy, geographically and otherwise, and pan-pharmacy needs such representation just now to en- able it to present a dignified, worthy and effective front when co-operating with other comprehensive representative bodies, such as the American Medical .Xs-sociation. the American Pub- lic Health .\.ssociation or the .American Chemical Society. Such *Conimunications of the Chairman of the A. Ph. A. Committee to "Investigate the Hous: of Delegates" and .sent to his "associates and others" a house of delegates will undoubtedly increase interest in the parent body and nmst. of necessity, bring greater loyalty for the .\. Ph. A. in all state associations that have become an integral part of it through the House of Delegates. This greater interest will surely add individual members to the A Ph. A., especially if such membership is made a pre-re- quisite to the office of delegate. It would be a happy sequel, indeed, if, finally, all members of the state associations should feel, in duty bound, to become members of the mother body, whose House of Delegates is composed solely of their dele- gates. It is safe to predict that these state associations WILL sooner or later get together just as the state boards have already become correlated. Why should it not be now and with the A. Ph. A.? This would be good for them and for it. Now, then, what are the difficulties in the way? None, the getting rid of which would not greatly benefit and more con- sistently place all those involved. The disposal of the delega- tions that have been taking part in the transactions of the House of Delegates is absolutely all that is in the way of making it a creditably consistent, unusually useful, deservably desirable body. Ninety-nine organizations appointed delegates and forwarded their credentials to the A. Ph. A. last year. Of these, six were purely local associations of retail druggists, which may have or should find national representation, like other .such organizations in the National Association of Retail Druggists. Eleven sending credentials were local branches of the A. Ph. A., which already have full representation in the Council. Two were women's organizations, one of these an auxiliary of a national association, the other a local body; both could find agreeable placement in the Women's Section. Thirty were schools of pharmacy for which splendid national representa- tion is offered in the American Conference of Pharmaceutical Faculties. Three were college alumni associations, which could more properly secure national representation through their respective schools or through the state association of the com- monwealth in which their organization is located. One, only, was a medical school, which is effectively represented, nation- ally, by the American Association of Medical Schools. Delegates, representing the Executive Departments of the U. S. Government, the Republic of Cuba and the American ^Medical Association should, without question, be accorded much more respectful recognition at the General Sessions and should not be placed on an equal footing with delegates from very small local associations, college alumni associations, local branches, etc. There now remain but the six national pharmaceutic bodies, each specifically representative of some particular phase of pharmaceutical pursuit; these were N. W. D. A., N. A. R. D., N. A. B. P., A. A. P. C, A. M. M. P., N. A. D. C, and the thirty-six uniform state associations. It is contended that the National Associations representing, nationally, the different phases or divisions of pharmacy should be given recognition at the general sessions or should be formed into a congress to themselves, where they may equally discuss such matters as are of general interest to such national bodies as a whole. NEW YORK BRANCH Dr. Leo Fried and Chairman John Roemer read papers be- fore the April meeting of the New York branch of the A. Ph. .\.. held at the New York College of Pharmacy. The sub- ject of the former's paper was "Data and Method of Assay of Iodine Ointment." and in it he pointed out that absorp- tion of iodine by the bcnzoinated lard in the official iodine ointment begins practically at once after its manufacture. Dr. Fried had tabulated the amounts of iodine absorbed in given periods of time, and pointed out how this absorption by the fat might interfere with the usual assay processes. This interference might cause a pharmacist to be accused of having made an ointment of iodine below standard. Dr. Fried gave methods for estimating the total and free iodine in the oint- ment. Dr. Turner, Otto Raubenhcimer and Dr. Jacob Diner discussed this paper. 228 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [May, 1915 Mr. Roemer discoursed on the "Phenomena of Drug Ac- tion". The question "why do drugs act" has never been answered by scientists, according to Mr. Roemer. In his opinion the discovery of radium was the key to the whole situation. Drugs do not act, never did and never will, was his contention. If they did, why is it they do not act on a dead body? Pain, according to the author of the paper, was an interruption of the current of a body, a short circuit as it were. The application of certain remedies relieves pain be- cause the remedies restore equilibrium in the body affected. Certain classes of remedies could be grouped according to their electrolytic action. Thus, an astringent might be a weak electrolyte of a certain class; a rubefacient a stronger electrolyte of the same class and a vesicant a stronger elec- trolyte yet of the same group. Philadelphia Branch Prof. C. H. LaWall, in the absence of the president and vice-president, presided at the meeting of the Philadelphia Branch of the A. Ph. A. held on April 13 at the Medico- Chirurgical College. On recommendation of the Committee, the reply to the Pearson article on "Pills and Piracy" was laid on the table. The programme included the reading by Joseph Rosin of Dr. Rosengarten's paper on "the Standards and Tests for Organic Chemicals in the U. S. P. IX"; a comprehensive survey of the new features of "The Extracts, Fluidextracts and Tinctures of the U. S. P. IX", by George M. Beringer, and "The Current Review of Pharmaceutical Journals", by Prof. E. FuUerton Cook. Baltimore Branch Baltimore, April 12, — The monthly meeting of the Balti- more Branch of the American Pharmaceutical Association was devoted largely to a discussion of the advantages of the metric system, which was discoursed chiefly by Wm. J. Lowry, who gave some "short cuts" in the way of making reduc- tions from the old system. He said he used the metric system regularly. He admitted that when a druggist bought by the ounce, pound, pint or gallon, and sold by the same "old- styled, cumbersome, but popular, customary, ever-present and always-with-you us" way, and had to figure out cost, profit and selling price on the same basis, the old way was very convenient. The factors presented in conversion were multiplying ones and were intended to be used when the formula called for 1,000 cc. of finished product. A gallon, he said, is equivalent to 58,418 grains or 61,440 minims. If a formula for a gallon of a preparation calculated for 1,000 cc. is wanted, all that is necessary to do is to point off three places in either of these two figures and multiply the quantities in grams by 58.418, when the product will be in grains, which can be reduced to avoirdupois pounds, ounces and grains. To multi- ply the quantities in cubic centimeters by 61.44, the product will be in minims, which can be reduced to pints, fluid ounces, drams and minims. If tables be kept of the number of grains or minims in each ounce from 1 to 16 as well as tables by 500's from 500 to 7,000, showing the equivalents in fluid ounces, drams and minims, the conversion becomes easy. For pints, divide either of these factors by 8, for quarts by 4, for a multiple number of gallons, multiply by the number of gallons wanted. Another short cut was mentioned by Charles L. Meyer, who gave a quick way of approximating the price of a single item which had been priced by the gross. This was to multiply by .007, as for example : Price $30 by the gross— 30 x .007 equals .21 or 21 cents. A gross of an item priced at the thousand will cost practically one-seventh of the thousand price. As a remedy for the great changes in colors in guaiac, honey and acacia mixtures, rather much used in Baltimore, one of the answers suggested that the acacia be heated to 100* C. or 212* F., thus destroying the oxidase. This treatment, it was stated, would certainly kill the ferment, but would not affect the emulsifying properties of the gum. The same treatment was proposed for drugs containing ferments which were useless medicinally and which caused trouble or decom- position in the finished product. The new insecticide para-dichlorobenzene, which has re- ceived the O. K. of the United States Agricultural Depart- ment, was mentioned in the course of the discussion. It is a non-inflammable :nul incxi .nisivc < rvst:illiiir substance which readily vaporizes, nti.l ;,s tins viii.n is In-iMCr than air, the substance is placed .ilnn. tin .mul.s i.. 1., iir.iicd, the vapor penetrating to the bottom. It ranges from 23 cents a pound in 5 pounds lots to 15 cents a pound in barrels. Much interest was manifested in an article entitled "The Gold Mines of Pharmacy." in connection with which Dr. H. P. Hynson, remarked, that pharmacy per se was better now than in the so-called "good old days," and was on a higher plane, and that the men engaged in pharmacy were of as high a class as ever, but that it was the environment of pharmacy that caused many persons to misjudge it. In the so-called "good old days" pharmacy was associated with paint, oils, glass, etc., and now it was associated with so many di- versified interests that in many cases the drug store of today was in reality a department store. But, though the environ- ment was different, the pharmacy in these stores was, as a rule, conducted on a high plane. In some of these very stores the pharmacy department was almost ideal, Mr. Hynson said. Dr. John F. Hancock, who began his apprenticeship as a pharmacist in January 3, 1854, talked of what he believed were the good old days and grew reminiscent, speaking with deep feeling of some of the men with whom he had been asso- ciated. Charles F. Meyer and Louis Schulze both emphasized that the head of the store should set the standards and be a good example for both the clerks and the customers, and Charles Morgan, of Morgan & Millard, characterized the point epi- grammatically when he said the proprietor should be the pace maker. Detroit Branch At the recent meeting of the Detroit Branch of the A. Ph. A., Prof. C. W. Edmonds, of the University of Michigan delivered a very interesting address on the subject of "Twilight Sleep", in which he traced the history of this treatment from the use of morphine and scopolamine by Dr. Schmeidburg as a sur- gical anaesthetic in 1900, to its application for obstetric pur- poses in 1902, and the development of the method since. Articles on the subject in popular magazines were referred to as sensational and misleading. The alleged difference between scopolamine and hyoscine he thought had no foundation in fact, and that the differences in effects are more probably due to personal characteristics and the frequency and amount of the doses. The pharmacology of the treatment was described in detail, then general conclusions drawn from a study of about 800 cases as to its value. The method is designed to destroy the memory of pain rather than to entirely deaden the pain itself, and when proper- ly used, this effect is reached. The mother comes through the ordeal with less exhaustion and probably less suffering than without it. It needs continuous watching by the physician, however, and sometimes induces delirium, and so is not adapted to use outside of hospitals. The effect on the child is more questionable, since the scopolamine narcotizes the reflex cen- ters and hinders breathing, and a few cases of the death of the child have occurred due to its use. It probably lengthens the time of labor, and increases the need of forecbolics or the application of forceps. The paper was discussed by Drs. Judd, Kamperman and Bell who agreed in general with Prof. Edmond's conclusions. Prof. Schlotterbeck discussed the question of the identity of hyoscine and scopolamine, and declared that there is no ground for considering them anything but identical. Denver Branch The meeting of the Denver Branch, was held at the .\dams Hotel Tuesday evening, Feb. 16, was preceded by a dinner, the following members being present: INIessrs W. A. Hover, Alkirc, Clark. Swoboda, Pillsbury, McKcnzie. Payne. Wilson. Lagasse. Hiltner Clayton. Bresler, Nitardy, Hensel. Kostitch, Best, Lord, Charles, Bcnkma, W. T. Hover and Washburn. In the absence of the secretary who was ill, Mr. Clayton served in that capacity. The minutes of the Januar>' meeting were read and ordered corrected to show that the report of the committee on "A Plan for Establishing a Third Year of the Pharmacy Department of the State University in Denver" had been adopted at that meeting. Dean Washburn stated that the University Regents have already announced in the catalog now in press that such a course will be arailabl", but doubted if any students would be in attendance tlie coming year, as all those who will complete the two-year course have already made other plans. Mat, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 229 Many Drug Conventions Are Soon To Be Held COlSrVENTION SEASON HAS OPENED During Next Few Months Many Associations will hold Meetings Many pharmaceutical associations, National and State, will ■hold their annual meetings during the coming season, and the following list has been compiled by the Era showing the names of such organizations and the dates when such meetings will be held, so far as the information has been received by this office. Proprietary Association of America, New York, May 11. President, Frank Cheney, Toledo, Ohio; secretary, Charles P. Tyrell, Syracuse, N. Y. American Medical Association, San Francisco, June 21-25. President, V. C. \'aughan, Ann Arbor. Mich.; secretary, Alexander R. Craig, 535 Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. American Association of Pharmaceutical Chemists, Rochester. N. Y., May . President, Geo. C. Hall, Pittsburgh, Pp., secretary, B. L. Maltbie, 250 High st., Newark, N. J. American Medico-Pharmaceutical League, New York, I£otel Astor, May 25. Secretary, Samuel F. Brothers, 96 New Jersey ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Flavoring E.xtract Manufacturers' Association, Clp,veland, Ohio, Julv 7-9. President, Dr. S. H. Baer, St Louis; secretary, F. P. Beers, Earlville, N. Y. American Pharmaceutical Association, San Francisco, August 9 to 14. President Caswell A. Mayo, New York, secretary, William B. Day, Chicago, 111. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, San Francisco, August 25 to 28. Secretary, John C. Olsen, Cooper Union, New York. National Association of Reta.il Druggists, Minneapolis, August 30-September 5. Preside^it, Samuel C. Henry, Philadelphia; secretary, Thomas H. Potts, Chicago, 111. National Wholesale D:uggists Association, Santa Barbara, Cal., September 26. President, Charles A. West, Boston, Mass.; secretary, Thomas F. Main, 91 FuUon st.. New York. Louisiana Pharmaceutical Association, New Orleans, May 11 to 13. Secretary, George W. McDuff, New Orleans. Kansas Pharmaceutical Association, Wichita, May 11-13. Secretary, D. von Riesen, Maryville. Michigan Pharmaceutical Association, Grand Rapids, June 9 to 11. Secretary, Von W. Fumiss, Nashville. Kentucky Pharmaceutical Association, Dawson Springs, June 16- 18. Secretary, J. W. Gayle, Frankfort. Illinois State Pharmaceutical Association, Springfield, June 15-17. Secretary, W. B. Day, Chicago. New Jersey Pharmaceutical Association, Hotel Essex and Sussex, Spring Lake, June 15 to 18 inclusive. Secretary, Frark C. Stutzlen, Elizabeth. Missouri Pharmaceutical Association, Pertle Springs, June 17- 18. Secretary, H. M. Whelpley, St. Louis. Nort^h Carolina Pharmaceutical Association, Durham, June 13-17. Local secretary, P. W. Vaughan, Durham. Wisconsin Pharmaceutical Association, Fond du Lac, June 22 25. Secretary for local arrangements, B. J. Kremer, Pond du Lac. ' l^^v York State Pharmaceutical Association, Buffalo, June 28. Secretary, Edward S. Dawson, Jr., 125 So. Salina St., ^Syracuse. , N ew Hampshire Pharmaceutical Association, Hotel Went- ' worth, New Castle, June 29-30. Secretary, Eugene Sullivan, ■ ' Concord. rhio Pharmaceutical Association, Cedar Point, July 13 to 16 inclusive. Secretary, Thco. D. Wetterstroem, Cincinnati. AMONG THE ASSOCIATIONS The Louisiana State Ph. A. will hold its annual convention at the Grunewald, New Orleans. May 11, 12, and 13. An exhibit of drug store products will be a feature and the com- mittee of arrangements is figuring on having 25 or 30 houses participate. The entertainment committee consists of J. N. W. Otto, chairman; Adam Wirth, Lucien E. Lyons, F. A. Dicks, A. D. Parker, Max Samson and A. Di Trapini. On Tuesday and Wednesday of the convention the association will be the guests of Parke, Davis & Co. and Sharp & Dohme, respectively. The annual outing will probably consist of an excursion up tlie Mississippi river. The Michigan State Rexall Dealers' Association at its recent annual meeting at Detroit did not pass a resolution whereby the members pledged themselves not to sell liquors in any fo'^n. Such a resolution was drawn up, but was squelched in committee. The members decided that the mat- ter was one for individual decision. Officers were elected as follow.^ : President, J. A. Skinner, Cedar Rapids; first vice president, J. A. Beukenna, Grand Rapids; second vice presi- dent, A. S. Pretman, Manistee; secretary, W. C. Peters, Mc nroe. The Detroit (Mich.) Drug Salesmen's club was addressed at its March meeting by Charles L. Pickell, formerly dean of the pharmacy department of the Ferris institute. The Rock County Association of Retail Druggists recently held its annual meeting at the Grand hotel, Janesville, Wis. C. A. Smith, of Beloit, read a paper on the Harrison law. The Iowa Pharmaceutical Association will meet this sum- mer at Clear Lake, the executive committee having recently so arranged. The committee is composed of A. J. Killmer, Mason City; Al. Falkenheiner, Algona; Charles Clark, St. Louis; Ed. Wick and Joe Gaults, both of Des Moines. The New Bedford (Mass.) Drug Clerks' Association was organized recently in that city. A temporary organization was formed, A. M. Bessette being elected chairman of the execu- tive committee, and J. Toupin, secretary and treasurer. A committee of five was elected to draw up a set of by-laws. The organization plans to hold a series of lectures on sub- jects pertaining to pharmacy. The Tidewater Druggists' association, Norfolk, Va., at a recent meeting instructed its ordinance committee to confer with a committee from the Norfolk County Medical Society in connection with the adjustment of differences existing re- garding the city ordinance regulating tlie sale of narcotics. The druggists are not in favor of the promiscuous sale of laudanum, morphine or cocaine, but are opposed to an ordi- nance which would require a prescription for paregoric, ordi- nary cough syrups and other proprietaries containing an in- finitesimal amount of morphine or other narcotics. The fact that such an ordinance would prove a discrimination in favor of druggists just beyond the city limits was also pointed out. Plans are being completed rapidly for the annual conven- tion of the Wisconsin Ph. A., which will be held this year at Fond du Lac, Wis., June 22 to 25. C. F. Geisse is the general chairman of arrangements for the Wisconsin Pharma- ceutical Travelers' association, while B. J. Kremer of Fond du Lac is representing the druggists of Fond du Lac in a similar capacity. The various committees appointed to aid in President Charles A. Cole called to order a meeting of the Jersey City Retail Druggists' Association held recently at 657 Newark avenue, in that city. Luke C. Hines, secretary, reported 15 new members, and that he had sent out 600 communications pertaining to recent legislation and that this work had been appreciated by the trade. Treasurer E. H. Maier reported that the expense of this activity had not af- fected the association's balance. It developed in the course of a strenuous discussion on the subject of weights and mea- sures that the publicity attendant upon recent official investi- gation in this direction had led Jersey City druggists to test their weights. In very few instances did they find any varia- tions from standard. The speaker of the evening was Otto Raubenheimer. His subject was "The Making of the United States Pharmacopoeia." A typical German repast was served at the close of the meeting. At the association's next meeting the subject for discussion will be "How Shall the Druggist Advertise?" The Virginia Rexall club held its recent annual convention at Staunton, electing as officers: President, A. T. Hall, Rich- mond; first vice president, C. P. Kearfoot, Martinville; second vice president, Mr. Fitshugh, Charlottesville; third vice president, George M. Farrar, Clifton Forge; secretary and treasurer, John J. Riley, Harrisonburg The next convention will be held at Richmond, next February. 230 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [May, 1915 Activities of the Leading Colleges of Pharmacy New York After having served faithfully for six years as assistant secretary of the college, E. W. Runyon at the recent election of officers declined renomination for office, and was succeeded by Charles W. Holzhauer, ex-president of the New Jersey State Pharmaceutical Association. At the May 18 meeting of the college, Dr. John 'Vildman, of New York University, will present the final lecture oa account- ing, and it is hoped that there will be a large attendance on that occasion. \ The course in practical pharmaceutical acco^^nting which the Board of Trustees have decided to inco\po- rate in the college curriculum, will come in the junior year ^nd the hours of study on certain afternoons of the week will \e extended to six o'clock to accommodate the class. The following class officers have been elected : Senior class- President, Benjamin H. Wallach; vice president, Jacob Nie- meth; secretary. Miss Helen F. Roudin; treasurer, Le Roy Hagaman; historian, Louis B. Mollica; reporter, George N. Graves. Junior class — President, George H. Dowsey ; vice president, Raymond W. Salm; secretary, Isador Singer; treasurer, Charles P. Klingele. University class, first year — President, A. A. Hammond; vice president, K. S. Kirkland; secretary, E. T. Keenan; treasurer, W. O. Bacon; class reporter, R. A. Lehman. University class, second year — President, Herman F. Strong- in; vice president, Ernest Capeci; treasurer, Osmond M. Guck; secretary, Miss May O'Connor. Brooklyn The annual banquet of the Alumni Association of the Brooklyn College of Pharmacy, held on the evening of March 2Sth at the college building, was the occasion of a rollicking good time, graduates and students present making things lively with their yells and songs. Dean Dr. William C. An- derson acted as toastmaster, and the speakers were Dr. Henry J. J. Kassebaum, Jr., president of the Alumni Association; the Rev. Dr. Williams, Hemy B. Smith, president of the col- lege; Harry Goldwag, president of the postgraduate class, Henry B. Schwartz, president, senior class; Harry A. Gordon, president, junior class; Jacob H. Rehfuss, ex-president of th^ college and ex-president of the N. Y. S. P. A.; Benjamin P. Milando, representing the Mortar and Pestle club; M V. Lewis, speaking for the class of 1912; Melville J. France, as- sistant U. S. district attorney and others. The Rev. J Stewart Walsh who has attended many affairs of the coUeg.: wired his regrets, a previous engagement keeping him away. The senior class of the Brooklyn College of Pharmacy has elected the following officers: President, Henry D. Schwartz; vice president, Curt C. Unverhau; treasurer, William Cohen, and secretary, Ralph Martin. University of Michigan J. R. Dean, B. S. '13, is holder of the fellowship which the Flavoring Extract Manufacturers Association maintain for the year 1914-1915. The subject of research is vanilla extract and some of the problems presented in its manufacture. The enrollment cards for the school year 1914-1915 show an attendance larger than any previous year. Approximately fifty per cent, of the students are enrolled for the four year course, five per cent, are special students not candidates for a degree, twenty-five per cent, are enrolled for the three year course, and twenty per cent, for the two year course. The Pharmacy relay team consisting of Captain Robinson and Messrs. Fischer, Dillon and Smith, all of the freshman class, earned campus honors on IMarch 24 by winning the championship interclass race when they bested the Junior En- gineers in 1 :54 1-5 time. Captain Robinson is looked upon as the most valuable track athlete who has entered Michigan in a long time Robinson is enrolled in the four year course IcKliuK to llir (l.m,c ,,f V, S. in pharmacv. "i \ W - ii'i I'h ( 'SS of the Columbus Laboratories irirnil\ mI.Ii. s,. M ii,, Mu.lrnts of pharmacy and chemistry upon " l lu- Ri l.iticii <,l Mour to Modem Bread Making." Dr. Wesener was one of the principal expert witnesses in the case which was broi'ght by the Federal Government against the manufacturers of Bleached Flour. He gave the results of his own researches upon the color compound of unbleached flour and its behavior. By action of the Board of Regents the title of the School of Pharmacy has been changed to College of Pharmacy. This action is in harmony with the definition adopted by the As- sociation of American Universities and later approved by the National Association of Slate Universities. According to this definition, the term College is restricted to a part of the Uni- versity the standard of admission to which is equivalent to that required by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advance- ment of Teaching, and which offers instruction of not less than two years' duration leading to a first degree in arts, let- ters, or sciences. Indianapolis The 1915 class of the Indianapolis College of Pharmacy carried out elaborate plans for its graduation. The commence- nient held Thursday, April 15, at the Independence Tum- verein Hall on North Meridian street. Tj' e officers of the class were: President, Edwin Stuckmeyer; vice president. Jesse Straker; secretary and treasurer, William Jenkins. The class included the following members: H. Danner, L. TDuesterberg, Ivan Hickson, W. Jenkins, Mrs. C. H. Johnson, H. (3. Kennedy, C. Kettner, Jr., L. Lytle, A. Y. Mat- sumote, Paul H. M^.'Her, Eugent Newman, Frank M. Reed, R. W. Richards, William F- Resner, N. E. Rowson, A. Scott, Jesse Straker, Edwin Stuckmeyer, William White, Roy Wright and Joseph Yaggi. , TJniversitj', of Illinois The classes of the University' of Illinois school of pharmacy have organized and elected officei's as follows: Senior class- President, H. L. Eberly; vice president, S. S. Trippett; secre- tary, L. A. Gorham ; treasurer, Ralpt Hawthorne ; sergeant-_at- arms, H. A. Nelson. Junior class— president, Ed. Baldwin; vice-president, Frank Graham; secretary,' ^D. B. Real; treasurer, Tom Copeland; sergeant-at-arms. Erne.''*- Denson; historian, Warde Imes. Iowa State "University Prof. R. A. Kuever addressed the Iowa ^Vssociation of Ice Cream and Butter Makers on the subject of' Vanilla at their recent convention at Des Moines. He delivers ^ ^ similar ad- dress before the Nebraska .Association at Omah,>> Nebraska. Professor Jagadis Chander Bose of the Univf'l^'^y of Cal- cutta, India, a distinguished plant-physiologist, v^elivered an address on his discoveries before the students and faculty on Feb. 9. Prof. Bose has lectured before the Royal I^istitute of London, at the Universities of Oxford and Cambrid,,"^' Paris. Berlin, and Vienna. The English Government has t'onferred upon him the decoration of the Companionships of the Star of India and of the Indian Empire, and sent him on a sc.)^^"*'^'^ mission to Europe just a few months before the outbre.,^1^ of the war. k Creighton College of Pharmacy \ The commencement exercises of the Class of 1915 of Creiy?^" ton College of Pharmacy were held at the College of lla"' Auditorium on Feb. 25. J. L. Schmidt, tlie speaker of V'^*^ evening and a well known druggist of Omaha gave an intV""' esting talk on the present laws governing the drug traiF^ Pres. Francis X. McMenamy, conferred the degrees upon t.l''' candidates among whom were three lady students: — Margar*' O ' Connell. Eulalia Steinauer. and Louise DeFrance. .VfteV the graduation e.xercises a banquet was tendered the graduate;! at the Hotel Paxton. I Jersey City I The Junior Class of the Department of Pharmacy of the ' College of Jersey City, this year is not only large in numbei but also great in activity. They have even formed a new fra- t. rnity. having the mystic letters P. I. D., which means "Pros- pin hiv.iitus Diligentia" or "Look Forward O Youth with Diligrme" On March 19 Dr. John Roemer of White Plains, X. Y delivered an address on "Scientific Pharmacy" to the students of the College. The lecturer gave a historic review of th<- growth of the manufacturing chemical and pharmaceutical industry, the evolution of the dispensing doctor and the cor- resnondine retrocression in retail pharmacy. iM.vY, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 231 Effect of Narcotic Act on Prescriptions By WORTHLEY F. RUDD, Professor of Chemistry, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Va. THE effect of the "Harrison Act" upon the number of narcotic prescriptions has been an open question among those interested in this subject. In order to get actual data, the writer and his assistant, W. L. Irwin, have exatnined prescription files in eleven representative drug stores since April 1st, and the results are tabulated herewith. ail stores The stores were carefully selected from various sections of the rity of Richmond with the idea of covering the field as completely as possible. For example. Store Xo. 1 is located in a part of the city where the residents are largely operatives in large manufacturing plants: No. 2 is in a good residential section only recently annexed to the City, and Xo. 6 is in the heart of the city near a prominent transfer point. The files were examined for March 1914, February 1915 and March 1915. Refills have not been counted. The writer and his assistant, who are familiar with local conditions, believe that the findings represent an average that would have been maintained had all the stores in the city been examined. The figures in the table speak for them- selves. In March 1915 there were of course a considerable number of prescriptions for laudanum, which could be bought over the counter in \'irginia prior to this date. In one store these amounted to about one fourth of the total narcotic prescriptions during that month. The fact that certain nar- cotic prescriptions could be refilled prior to the enforcement of the Harrison Act has necessarily had a tendency to in- crease the number of new prescriptions since March 1st. Another factor entering into the matter is that a large number of narcotic proprietaries, such as elixir of heroin and terpin hydrate, were sold over the counter formerly but are now sold only on prescription. The writers would be glad to see similar investigations made in other sections of the country. PLANT REMEDIES FOR DRUG STORES N. Y. Pathologist Shows how Insecticides and Fungi- cides Can he Sold That the sale of insecticides and fungicides properly be- longs to the pharmacist is not questioned, but seldom has the trade awakened to the possibilities in handling these sup- plies and thus developing a very legitimate business. To «ncourage work in this direction, M. F. Barrus, plant patholo- gist, of the College of Agriculture, Ithaca, X'. Y., has sent a circular letter to the druggists of the Empire State, calling their attention to the various control measures for diseases and pests on the farm, a subject that many farmers know very little about, while many who have read up the subject do not know where to get the necessary chemicals and other TTiaterials to do the work. By buying a quantity of the chemi- cals a farmer needs, and by selling them at an attractive price that will bring a profit, the druggist can work up a side line that is entirely proper and in keeping with his pro- fessional skill. Mr. Barrus says: "These goods should be prominently displayed in a show window at the proper season and by suitable placards and signs the use of the material, the method of applying it, and the cost of the application should be clearly explained. Show windows often display goods of ques- tionable value. Here is a chance for druggists to display something of known value, to educate the public, to confer an actual benefit and bring a profit. One should not stop with Percent tic Narcotic 14.28 13.95 8.16 11.85 13.83 9.28 9.85 16.06 14.6 23.03 14.09 window displays, but advertise these goods in other ways so that all people who would have need of them may know where to get them. The value to you will not stop with the sale of them. Rarely does a farmer enter a store to buy but a single article, and if he is satisfied with the purchase he will come again." Some of the more important materials to handle and their uses: Formaldehyde Solution — For oat smut, stinking smut of wheat and potato scab. Corrosive sublimate (bichloride of mercury) powdered and in tablet form.^ — For potato scab and disinfecting wounds of trees. Copper sulfate and Lime (burnt or hydra ted) — For making bordeaux mixture used in spraying potatoes and other vege- tables. Prepared bordeaux (Paste or powder) — For use in gardens and for those who do not wish to prepare bordeaux. Lime sulfur solution — For general orchard spraying. Arsenate of Lead (paste or powder) — For biting insects. Black leaf 40 Tobacco extract — For sucking insects. The department of plant pathology, college of agriculture, Ithaca, N. Y., offers to furnish those who will make a dis- play of the above mentioned goods with printed leaflets giving directions for the use and application of these materials, and will assist dealers with information about manufacturers or wholesalers who handle these goods, and will give suggestions about window displays. The suggestions of the New York plant pathologist should prove of value to druggists of other states who are located in rural communities. Pharmacy in Chicago High Schools Chicago, III. — A new departure in pharmaceutical in- struction is announced by the educational authorities of this city by the offer of a four year pharmacy preparatory course to be given in the high schools of this city. The details have, just been made public by District Superintendent W. M. Roberts, under who.sc direction the plan has been worked out. This course is offered in accordance with the recommenda- tion of the Chicago Retail Druggists A.ssociation, through its executive board, and is intended primarily to assist boys who are employed as apprentices in pharmacy to acquire a suffi- cient number of credits to gain admittance to the schools of pharmacy. ■jfroportion Narcotic Prescriptions to Total Prescriptions March February March 1914 Percent 1915 Percent 1915 Store Total Xarcotic Xarcotic Total X'arcotic Narcotic Total Xarcot Xo. 1 1 557 106 19.03 1 614 125 20.03 658 84 Xo. 2 1 -^4 51 14.9 314 41 13.05 408 58 Xo. 3 1 787 120 15.24 647 93 14.37 867 121 Xo. 4 692 84 12.14 492 45 9.14 723 59 Xo. 5 1 126 8 6.34 162 13 8.64 134 16 Xo. 6 1 1348 195 14.46 1229 172 14.00 1518 210 Xo. 7 1 438 45 10.29 341 38 11.11 485 45 Xo. S 1 276 26 9.42 1 22q 21 9.5 274 27 Xo. 9 1 545 83 15.23 617 87 14.1 685 110 Xo. 10 1 1275 180 14.11 1041 117 11.23 1705 249 Xo. 11 1 361 32 8.86 574 80 13.93 803 185 Total 1 6747 930 13.78 6258 832 13.29 8260 1164 232 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [I^Iay, 1915 Results of State Pharmacy Board Examinations New York Secretary Warren L. Bradt has given out a list of the successful candidates before the Board of Pharmacy, examination held Janu- ary 27-28, 1915. The examinations were held at Albany, Buffalo, and New York. Following are the names of those entitled to receive licenses. Pharmacists— At Albany: Ruth L. Marsh, Paul G. Dennis, Herbert E. Reynolds, Clarence E. Schneider, George L. Mailloux, Roy M. Peddie, Henry C. Sherman. At Buffalo: William E. Lytle, Andrew W. Nixon, Jesse H. Dil- dine, Guy J. Pierce, Harold E. Frank, Carl Wittie, Wallace R. Austin. At New York: Rose F. Ofrias, Lena O. Ager, Louis Herzlich, Hyman Vogel, E. Grove Stevens, Jacob M. Jacobs, Abraham Wag- ner, Charles P. Reis, Jr., Salvatore Prinzivalli, Samuel Levitch, Michele de Lalla, Ephraim Frcedman, Harry T. Hammer, Arno W. C. Kassner, Edward P. Kenney, Ludwig Lechner, Joseph Klauber, Samuel Siegel, Frank A. Greene, William L. Kirschner, Benjamin Maslon, Daniel M. Toomey, Daniel W. Odell, Nicholas J. Solimena, Maximilian P. Gordon, Justin Venetucci, Vincent F. Moiitalbano, Herbert I. Bluestone, Alfred E. Rinaldi, Thomas G. Osborn, Charles M. Storm, Clarence S. Lord, Stephen F. Greco, John Wilbur Vaughn, Harry Sorowitz, Angelo Pellegrino, Aaron M. Dixon, Walter K. Tengelson, Max N. Katz, Fred E. Earth, Edgar L. Meadinger, Benjamin A. Hayes, Abraham Troulman, David K. Gritz, Albert J. Lambert, Isidore Rabinowitz, Aron Spcctor. Druggists— At Albany: Charles A. Edwards, Joseph H. Brown, Floyd M. Tacey, Floyd Reagan. Hcrschel J. Hess, Ralph M. Lord, John B. Vernoy, Mabel T. Williams, Samuel Warfman, Brooks F. Wood, William L. Barker, DeWitt B. Armstrong, Joseph F. Malo, Jr., John E. Kelly, Victor L. Smith, George H. Mason. At Buffalo: Peter E. Zegler, Bernard J. McAniff, Clarence M. Schmarder, Nathan G. Horwitz, Carlton W. Cofran. John Pickin, Michael J. Connolly, William H. Hoschke, Earle Milligan, Joseph P. Shuder, Elmer J. Mclndoo, John L. Hudson, Frederick E. Williams, Charles J. Maid, Carl Deisig, Charles A. Edwards. At New York: Charles Ajamian, Alexander M. Serota, John J. Hill, Michele DeMattia, William J. Korbonits, Abraham S. Kerr, Maurice D. Newman, George D. Virden, Edward Feiro. Illinois At the recent meeting of the Illinois State Board of Pharmacy held in Springfield, the following applicants passed successful exami- nations: Registered Pharmacists: — H. G. Barnum, David Cohen, Leo J. Hillman, Abraham Myerson, R. J. Prendergast, Albert Robin, J. D. Skowron, Paul CJngcr, all of Chicago and A. O. Graff, Highland: Ralph Hawthorne, Enfield; Sister Earnesta, Springfield; W. E. McCabe, Rushville; Cyrus W. McPike, Rock Island; Walter A. Reese, Collinsville; Whitten D. Stone, Greenview; Wm. C. Sulli- van, Flanaga; Henry Wilson, Monmouth. Assistant Pharmacists: — Harry Block, Marcus Curshen, A. D. Dillard, E. W. Keefrcy, Philip Kleinman, A. A. Peckler, W. J. Ritter, Herman Retzky, Wm. J. Scanlon, F. A. Tekieniewski, Chas. M. Vitule, F. E. Wismewski, all of Chicago and J. Earl Evans, Decatur; T. J. Flynn, Bloomington; Fred C. Jackson, Cham- paign; I. U. Kauffman, LaGrange; Harold J. Kelley, Pontiac; Fred L. Leib, Carbondale; Earle D. McBride, Flora; E. J. Reiss, East St. Louis; Arthur W. Smith, Bloomington; Homer G. Wil- liams, Granite City. Local Registered Pharmacists:— N. G. Hart, Ullin; L. E. Buden- bostel, Campbell Hill: Leonard McBride, Varna; Jas. A. Meikle, Sheffield; Schiller Sorensen, Shannon. The next meeting of the board for the examination for regis- tered pharmacist will be held in Chicago on Tuesday, March 16 at 31 West Lake St. On Thursday March 18 an examination will be conducted for assistant pharmacists. The next apprentice examinations will be held on Friday, March 5. Springfield, April 9 — At the meeting of the Illinois State Board of Pharmacy held in Chicago on March 16-18 the following appli- cants for registration were successful in their examinations: Registered Pharmacists — Joseph Allegretti, W. E. Bevermann, M. T. Brekke, W. E. Carson, E. S. Crouch, E. L. Dahl. Chas. R. DeWitt, Otto J. Jirsa, J. H. Kakacek, C. M. Kowslski, G. D. Faucek, S. M. Gordon, R. L. Greenwood, L. L. Haffner, C. W. Obermillcr, G. H. Parker, R. C. Reed, Edw. J. Boucek, A. F. Stahl, L. L. Stitzer. Robt. J. Stuhbs, J. G. Warczak, all of Chicago and Mike Bianco, DuQuoin; F. E, Boehm, Oak Park; C. C. Bond, Mt. Vernon; Aug. Claus, Molinc; Rov W. Cloe, Pana; E. R. Davis. Abingdon; R. W. Donaldson, Oak Park; H. L. Eberly, Aurora; L. L. Eubanks, Marion; Paul Herrmann, Aurora; C. D. Lightfoot, Farmington; C. B. Lovell, Libcrtyville; Wm. C. Lyman, Peoria; A. J. McClean, River Forest; A. R. Maycrhoffcr, E. St. Louis; J. Z. Potter, Johnston City; C. H. Preston. Stillman Valley; E. J. Wichterman, Tu.scola; C. E. Wiles, Kankakee. Assistant Pharmacists — Wm. Bcckman, Raymond Crist. R. H. Cunradi, E. H. Denson, E. W. Dewey, Abraham Epstein, C. J. Faucek, S. M. Gordon, R. L. Greenwood. L. L. B.iffnrr. C. W. Ranichen. H. A. Curlcc, C. J. Havranek, James Kla.lik. l.uiu-s Kor- shak, Thco. Lcckband, Max R. Mandel, D. C M:.ivh.tll, T. C. Moraczcwski. A. R. Pcrlow, IT. A. Picper. I. S. K,.l.niv. Icrome Roscficld. R. C. Srhmilt. K. C. S. Imlt/, T. D. .'^pr.H lirr. 'll. A. Styrt, WfiK W, ,n,„>., \ I. W M. .,!„,, ni. of Clii.-.-.t:.. a,ul Rov R. Barm-, (.mi,,,,; I r (.,.,, I,,, ,,,,,„; ( ;,■„. I., Cnriiv. Morri- son; F. W. i:..,l,„,,. ( ,,:,,:>, 11, . 1, 1, Ma,a>-n, Antio.b; Wm. T. Hayes. Ro. lu llr; I'liarb s 11. ll. nU. l. Ottawa: A. V. Tsa.icson, Danville; 1). Lyman Miller. Carmi; P. W. Rosenberg, Rochelle; B. E. Simmons, Willmette, C. V. Whitney, Wcnona; T. W. Whit- tington, Marion. New Jersey At the January examination of the New Jersey Board of Phar- macy held in Trenton, the following candidates were successful: Registered Pharmacist:— Max Alexander, New York, N. Y.; Chandler Arcularius, Newark; Benjamin Baumgarten, Jersey City; Morris M. Bernstein, New York, N. Y.; George Willy Boehme, Hoboken; Raymond Bourgholtzer, Easton, Pa.; Jay William Bright, Philadelphia, Pa.; Ervin L. W. Caccia, Paterson; Jay Wylie Clark, Philadelphia, Pa.; Harold S. Connamacher, Newark; Samuel Elk, New York, N. Y.; Charles Everlockner, Burlington; Emidio Fasano, Jr., Jersey City; Jacob Fiedler, Newark; George Flack, Atlantic City; Joseph L. Ford, Orange; Maurice J. Gartenberg, Newark; Samuel Geller, Jersey City; Raymond Gibney, Coatesville, Pa.; Alexander Goldberg, Paterson; Harry A. Goldberg, East Orange; Leo Green, New York, N. Y. ; Seneca E. Griswold, East Orange; James E. Hanna, Julius Hyman, New York, N. Y. ; Irving I. Jacobs, Newark; Jacob M. Jacobs, Paterson; Edmund Jackson, Philadelphia, Pa.; Jacob D. Kaplan, Newark; Arno Wm. Kassner, Jamaica, N. Y.; John J. Kershuli*, Newark; Abraham S. Kerr, Paterson; James W. Kephart, Ashbourne, Pa.: Joseph B. Lanigan, Elizabeth; Louis Levy, Newark; Bernhard Marmerstein. Newark; William Marx, Evergreen, N. Y. ; Frank A. McHenrv, Orange: John E. McHenry, Trenton; Samuel Meyer, College Point. N. Y.; Edward J. Morris,- Trenton; Maurice D. Newman. Elizabeth; Conrad Pfannenschmid. Jersey City; Perry I. Precwinkle, Roselle Park; Herman Sloan, Newark; Samuel Steyer, Philadelphia, Pa.; Henry H. Stiles, Moorestown; Harry Swain. Haddon Heights; Frederick C. Theile. West Hoboken; Charles O. Tomlin, Phila- delphia, Pa.; Ernest Thompson, Hightstown: John Valvano. Eliza- beth; Charles K. Wendell, Plainfield; Philip S. Willingmyre. Jacob Weiner, Atlantic City. Registered Assistant: Lewis Concialdi. Rockaway; Alexander H. Cornish. Jr.. Chatham; William H. Dischert, Camden; Maurice J. Gartenberg, Newark; Robert Green, Atlantic City: John H. Van D. Hoagland. New Brunswick; Daniel W. Jordan, Jersey City; Huga Krause, Atlantic City; Irving Leipsig, Bavonne; Albert Lerner, Philadelphia, Pa.; Andrew J. Martella, New York, N. Y. The next meeing of the board for examinations will be held in Trenton on Thursday and Friday April 15 and 16. Vermont The twentieth annual meeting of the Vermont State Board of Pharmacy was held at Montpelier on Jan. 12, the full Board being present including Chas. H. Skinner of Windsor, who was appointed by Governor Fletcher to fill out the unexpired term of D. F. Davis of Barre who resigned for lack of time to devote to the work. Seven candidates appeared for examination and of these only two- were successful in obtaining certificates, and both of these were- Assistants as follows: Francis J. Kelly, Burlington, and A. F. Finnegan. Winooski. The officers elected were as follows: President. E. G. JfcClallen, Rutland; secretary. M. G. Beebe, Burlington; treasurer. W. L. Gokay. Bennington. The other members are W. F. Root of Brat- tleboro, and Chas. H. Skinner of Windsor. Governor Gates reap- pointed M. G. Beebe to succeed himself for another term of five- years. President McClallen has designated the following dates for the coming year: April 14, July 14 and October 13, with the February meeting to be determined after the legislature adjourns, as thert arc some proposed changes in time of meeting to be acted upon. Virginia At the examination held in Richmond on Jan. 19. there were 27 applicants for registered pharmacist. Of this number 9 were given certificates as reeistcrtd pharmacists, as follows: J. M. Bailey, Richmond; T. B. Hord, Richmond; C. W. Ray. Welch. W. Va.; W. H. Danull, Bi.stun. Ma^s.: R. E. Monroe. Richmond; A. F. Auringcr. Richmond; Frank l.arncr. Richmond; J. N. Greene, Nor- folk, and E. M. Hardin. Richmond. The following applicants for registered pharmacist were given tht registered assistant pharmacist certificate, as follows: P. C. King, Richmond; J. LeG. Johnson, Baltimore, Md.; H. G. Shirkey, Rich- mond. There were 11 .T|>iiiioants for examination as registered assistant pharmaci-^t^-. .,f wli.,>n 7 were successful, as follows: F. V. Berry, Richmoii.l; S 11 r.irkins. Tr.. Staunton: C. V. Brav. Richmond; O. O. A-hworth. Ri.nmond: H. J. Nowlan. Roanoke; G. M. Cole- niiii. ( iilpiprr; 11. C. Painter, Richmond. I ll,- i,,ll,,uini; were registered by reciprocitv: E. M. Henderson, .^i.uini,,]!. from Indiana: E. T. Burkholdcr. College Park. V». fK.m Cnorti.i. .and H. G. Mitcheil. Star. N. C. from Georgia. The next examination will be held in Richmond on April 20. Massachusetts Ten pharmacists were registered as a result of the February examinations in Massachusetts, and five certificates were issue* to assistants, as follows; Charles E. Lynds. Roxbury; Richard H. Aforris. Everett; Edward M. Rcddy. Swampscott: Charles R. Burnham. .\thol: Antonio A. Delage. Boston; Ernest L. I^nitley, Boston; George E. Thomas. Lvnn; George E. Cabana. Springfield; William J. Carroll. Randolph; George D. Colgan, Cambridge; Joh» A Darrah. Springfield. Assistants:— William J. Dillon. Chicopcc Falls; Fred E. Keegan, Everett: Fred J. Murphy. Worcester; Fred A. Hobb, Atholp Edwin F. Qoinlan, Newtonville. May, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 233 New Preparations and Specialties EVEBEADY FOUNTAIN PEN LIGHT NEW PRODUCTS OF P. D. & CO. A new type of flashlight, exactly like a "banker's" fountain pen in size and appearance, has just been announced by the American Every Ready Works, 308 Hudson St., New York. This Fountain Pen Light is said to have several important and exclusive features. The light can be either flashed or burned continuously as desired, and laid down while burning *o that both hands are free to work. The Tungsten battery Parke, Davis & Co., are calling the attention of the drug trade to their two preparations, "Silvol," and "Agar." More than a hundred publications are being used, it is said, to bring these to the attention also of the medical profession. "Silvol" is a new silver compound, described as an active germicide, astringent and sedative, in scale form, an efficient agent for the treatment of acute inflammations of mucous membranes. It is supplied in one ounce bottles and in 6-grain capsules in bottles of 50. ".Agar" is a product of Japan, derived from seaweed, sup- plied commercially in the form of coarse flakes — a mechanical la.xative that will come into wide use, it is predicted by the makers, in the treatment of chronic constipation. The Eveready jountam pen light. 1915 SENECA ASSORTMENTS for this light has been designed and made with special care and only the very highest grade of materials are usf-d in it. Its life, as shown by tests, is declared to be longer than any of the other smiilar-sized batteries on the market and is fully guaranteed. The Fountain Pen Light is Sy^ inches long, ^ inch in •diameter, and weighs only 1 Yi ozs. It has a clip so that it can tc securely carried in the vest pocket, without inconvenience. The retail price complete with battery is $1.00. "PEACH MELBA" FOR THE SODA FOUNTAIN This is the season of the year when owners of soda foun- tains are seeking new ways of making that feature of their business more profiuble. The J. Hungerford Smith Co., Rochester. X. Y., is introducing a new fountain delicacy known as "Peach Melba," which is declared to be one of the biggest selling sundaes this concern has ever recommended to the trade. It is well known to patrons of high class restaurants that a satisfactory peach melba will be priced on the menu card at fifty to seventy-five cents. Over the fountain a peach melba equalling in quality that which one might get at the Waldorf-.Vstoria can be served for fifteen cents, and the cost to the fountain operator will not exceed five cents, it is said \n assortment for this dish is being offered by the J. Hungerford Smith Co., which includes six quarts of sliced •melba peaches, six quarts of peach melba sauce, a formula for making it in the most delicious way, together with window •strips and a lithograph, 17 by 25 inches, in twelve colors for advertising it — all at a price which makes it possible to get a 200 per cent, profit on every sale. INTESTI-FERMIN TABLETS One of the difficulties encountered by druggists in the handling of bacillus Ublets for intestinal troubles is that unless kept in very low temperatures they deteriorate rapidly and lose their effectiveness as remedial agents. The claim is made by the Berlin Laboratory, Inc., 225 Fifth avenue. New York City, that "Intcsti-Fermin" tablets can be kept in any temperature and are guaranteed to retain their vitality for not less than 12 months, this statement being backed up by scientific tests. Since Prof. Metchnikoff, in his research work at the Insti- tute Pasteur, Paris, determined that the chief cause of many •diseases, such as gastro-intestinal troubles, rheumatism, diabe- tes, constipation, nervous diseases, loss of memory and appe- tite, mental depression, etc., is due to auto-intoxication or the self-poisoning of the human system by poisonous toxins exist- ing and thriving in the colon, there has been a number of remedies of the bacillus type placed on the market. "Inte.iti-Formin" tablets contain a true culture, it is claimed, ■of the bacillus Eulgaricus. type A., combined with Glyco- Bakter. the longevity bacillus. They are prescribed as an antidote for the insidious poisons of the cells of the •vital •organs, restoring them to normal and regular action. The Seneca Camera Mfg. Co., Rochester, N. Y., has pub- lished a booklet in which are given the experiences of twenty- seven dealers who have installed camera departments. This booklet contains interesting and helpful information for drug- gists who contemplate adding a camera and photographic sup- ply department to their stores this spring or summer. The Seneca company also calls attention to its 1915 assortment aggregating only $50, which includes ten cameras and enough photographic supplies to start a small department. A num- ber of improvements have been made in the 1915 models of Seneca cameras. TRADE LITERATURE The Lambert Pharmacal Company, St. Louis. Mo., has is- .sued a booklet entitled, "Selling Helps For Live Druggists." Copies are furnished upon request. The Armstrong Cork Co., Pittsburgh, Pa., has published a little folder entitled, "Be Careful," referring to Circle A. and Circle B. corks. ZINC OXIDE ADHESIVE PLASTERS Eberly & Eberly, Akron, Ohio, manufacturers of "Special High Grade Zinc Oxide Adhesive Plaster," advertised in this issue of the Era, are quoting prices and showing how druggists can meet competition and make money by sell- ing their plasters. Buyers will not fail to discover the difference in the returns if they will compare the following prices with the prices they have been paying for similar goods : in. X \ yd., Y2 gross, $2.10; or 3Sc per dozen ; 5/2 in. x 1 yd., 1 gross, $4 ; 1 in. x 1 v'd., Y2 gross, $2.70, or 45c per dozen; 1 in x yd., per gross, $5.20. For five gross lots, : in. x 1 yd., $3.80 per gross; 1 in x 1 yd., $5 per gross. By specializing in these two sizes of plasters, the manufac- turers claim they arc able to save both the necessary first cost and upkeep of a large plant, which enables them to give to the druggist, who sells only these sizes, a better plaster for less cost than could otherwise be obtained. Samples we have examined fully confirm the claims made for this plaster. Pennsylvania House Aims Blo-w at Trading Stamps Harrisburg, Pa., .'\pril 12. — The House passed the Walton bill by a vote of 146 to 17. This measure, if enacted, would virtually drive the trading stamp companies out of business. The fee is $1000 for companies originating the stamps, and every concern would have to pay a $1000 fee for each place of business. A retail merchant wishing to issue stamps of his own accord the fee would be $150 annually. One-fourth of the revenues would go to the State and the remainder to the counties for road and bridge purpo.ses. The bill was said to have the backing of the Retail Merchants' Association of Pennsylvania, with a membership of 10,000. 234 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [May, 1915 News of the Era Course in Pharmacy iiii Ezra Harris Charles Swoboda Sterling Coldren Irby C. Ta\-lor M. S Edwards Recent Graduates of the Era Coursee The following students have recently been graduated from the Era Course in Pharmacy, receiving the usual diploma: Matriculation Graduating Number Average 7930— D. M. Banister, Springfield, Vt 93 7965 — Jerome Jenkyns, Washington, D. C 95 7968— Percy D. Hutchins, Springfield, Vt 96 7986— E. M. Stansbury, Peoria, 111 90 7992— R. A. Eggleston, Hinsdale, Mass 98 7993 — Alfred J. Huevelmann, Cincinnati, Ohio . . 93 8011— Theo. G. J. Sandow, Deer Park, Wash. .. 94 8037— Milton S. Edwards, Lexington, Tenn 90 8060— Sterling P. Coldren, Greeley, Colo 94 8089— James R. Merrell, Bryant, Okla 82 8169— Raymond C, Hacker, Greencastle, Pa. ... 93 8249— Motohiko Matsumi, Los Angeles, Cal. ... 96 8329— Charles Swoboda, Takoma, D. C 96 8344— F. W. Steimle, Indianapolis, Ind 90 8349— Wm. Ezra Harris, Carrier Mills, 111 97 8372— Irby C. Taylor, Converse, S. C 92 8381— Wesley G. Van Ness, Jackson, Mich 89 8392— Courtland G. Bartlett, Jr., Gardner, Mass. 96 8393— Harry W. Gruver, York, Pa 95 8494— Raymond K. Hagar. Patten, Me 97 Era Students Pass State Boards A number of graduates of the Era Course in Pharmacy have recently passed the state board examinations. They are as follows: Arkansas — Emil J. Hanggi, Little Rock, registered phar- macist. Delaware — W. Floyd Jackson, Wilmington, assistant phar- macist. Kentucky — Chas. F. Bartholomew, Ft. Thomas; C. H. Brockmeyer, Fredonia, registered pharmacists. Louisiana — C. E. McHale, New Orleans, assistant pharma- cist. Maryland— G iff ord L. Potts, Elkton, assistant pharmacist. Massachusetts — Mrs. Philomene Lacouture, Fall River, Mass. New Jersey — Edw. .\. Bank, Brooklyn, N. Y., registered pharmacist. New York— Mrs. Mabel T. Williams, Utica, N. Y. Druggists. Ohio— Merrill Swain, Hamilton. Ohio. Uses Collection of Crude Drugs In studying for qualification as a registered pharmacist, Ezra Harris of Carrier Mills, 111., uses a collection of 172 specimens of crude drugs in addition to the ERA Course in Pharmacy. With the Era ( ..m^, hi has used as reference books the U. S. Dispcnsator\ n .i 1 l.ill iiid's Medical Chemistry with good success. His "In I'mu .i\si.l this i.oling left me and I can now willingly say that I obtained more benefit from the Er.\ Course than I thought possible through any mail course. Before I had re- ceived many lectures I saw that in a few pages I was getting the essentials of pharmacy that would have taken me months to dig out from the regular text books of the ordinary drug store. It was the elimination of the non-essentials, the good outline in each lecture and the personal element in the cor- rection of recitation papers that made the course particularly valuable to me." May, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 235 Plan a Campaign to Push Made in America Perfumery Manufacturers in Annual Convention Declare That European War Has Created Opportunity Such as Industry Has Never Had A CAMPAIGN of education of the American public and retailers of perfumes and toilet preparations against what was termed the "unfair prejudice in favor of goods bearing foreign labels" was proposed at the convention of the Manufacturing Perfumers' Association of the United States. This was the twentj-first annual meeting. It was held at the Hotel Biltmore, New York City, Tuesday, Wed- nesday and Thursday, April 27, 28 and 29. There was a representative attendance. In his annual address the president, A. M. Spiehler of Ro- chester, N. Y., recommended that the association employ a paid secretary, a paid pub'icity manager to write special ar- ticles for the trade journals and popular magazines on Ameri- can-made perfumery, and a paid legislative investigator, whose duty it would be to keep the association officials in touch with all new legislation affecting the interests of manufacturing perfumers. President Spiehler declared tliat "never in the history of the perfume industry has the outlook been so bright as at the present time. The general and widespread movement for American-made products is an aftermath of war conditions. This crusade can be specialized and utilized in our own in- dustr>- to the fullest advantage if prompt action is taken on our part. Ever>' opportunity should be grasped to obtain the greatest possible benefit from the movement in popularizing American-made perfumes and toilet preparations. Realizing, as we all do, that quality dominates the domestic product, this is the psychological movement to eliminate the unfair pre- judice in favor of goods bearing foreign labels." It was also declared that the perfume industry is greatly over-taxed by the United States Government, not only in customs duties imposed on materials obtained from abroad for the manufacture of perfumes, but more especially with regard to the stamp tax recently levied as a so-called "war measure." Action was urged to prevent, if possible, the continuance of the stamp tax after December 31, 1915. The report of the secretar\- showed that the association now has 47 active members, 63 associa e members and four honor- ary members. This is a gain of 14 active members, two as- sociate members and one honorary member during the past year. A healthy financial condition was indicated by the treasurer's report which showed available assets of almost $7,000. Reports of committees occupied most of the afternoon of ■ the first day. The most significant report was that of the Committee on Importations and Undervaluations of Foreign Goods, which was read by Walter Mueller of A. A. \'antine J & Co., New York City. It was as follows: "The total imports of perfumery and other toilet prepara- • tions during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1914, amounted to $1,856,552, an increase of of 1 per cent, over the previous year. The duties on these goods amounted to $1,229,577. "Of the fore-going total, $772,377 consisted of prepara- tions containing alcohol, such as extracts, toilet waters, lo- ^ tions, hair tonics and dentifrices. The imports of these de- creased per cent. "The balance of the imports, 51,084,174, consisted of non- ' alcoholic preparations, such as face powders, sachets, brillian- , tine, hair dyes and grease paints. The imports of these in- . creased S-7/10 per cent. "The values of the individual ifjms and the percentage that each forms of the total imports is approximately as follows, ' according to the Examiner of Perfumery at the Appraiser's office. New York. 1— Face Powders, 29% $542,087 2— Toilet Waters, 21% 386,188 Sachets, 20% 379,460 4— Extracts. 10% 193,094 ' — Brilliantine. Hair Dyes and Grease Paints, 9% 162,627 6— Lotions. 8% 154,475 7— Hair Tonics and Dentifrices, 2% 38,620 "The fore-going figures are, as stated, approximated as neither the Statistical Division of the Customs House at New York, the .Appraiser's Office, nor the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce at Washington has on file figures showing the imports of the various items coming under the head of perfumery and other toilet preparations. It would seem ad- visable for the Association to make an effort to have the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce segregate the amounts of the various items for the purpose of enabling us to compare in detail the growth of imports with the con- sumption of domestic products, and also to determine to what extent the word "imported" signifies what it implies. "The annual consumption of imported perfumery and other toilet preparations in the United States, so far as can be gathered, forms but a small percentage of that of domestic goods. But, small as it is, it is worthy of serious considera- tion on the part of the ."Vmerican perfumer if for no other reason than that of pride. The consumption of imported goods of any kind always constitutes more or less of an in- direct reflection upon the quality of similar domestic products. "While the American perfumer of course controls the bulk of the trade, that of the masses, his foreign competitor seems to have the advantage so far as the trade of the classes is concerned. His goods are bought by what is generally termed the best class of trade. This class exercises an important in- fluence in that its selection and use of certain goods gives them a considerable prestige in the estimation of other consumers. "Is this class influenced in its preference for the imported article by the belief that the higher price is synonymous with a higher standard of quality? "Or is it influenced by the undeniably artistic manner in which the imported goods are put up? "Or is it the esthetic significance of the word "Paris" that gives our foreign competitors the advantage over our goods? "The raw materials used by the foreign and the domestic perfumer come from the same source. Surely there is as much technical skill and ability employed in the mixing of these materials by the American perfumer as is the case with the foreign perfumer. Yet so far as the consumer is con- cerned, the ultimate judge, there is sufficient difference be- tween the finished products to command her trade for the im- ported article despite its high price. Compared with the American perfumer, who through adver- tising and other methods spends large sums to promote the demand for his product, the foreign perfumer does compara- tively little in this direction. The retail profit on his goods as a general thing is lower than that allowed by domestic goods. His terms are rather arbitrary. The good will of the trade that the American perfumer takes such pains to culti- vate forms but a minor point in his selling policy. Yet he gets the cream of the business. "We have been hearing and reading much of late regarding the 'Made in .America' movement. It would seem apropos to divert some of this energy towards our industry, basing our claims not on sentimental grounds so much as on the quality of our products. Any efforts along this direction would of course have to be made with a thorough appreciation of two of the most important factors that seem to influence the con- sumption of imported goods, namely, the package and the sig- nificance of the label." The following officers were elected: A. M. Spiehler, of Adolph Spiehler, Inc., Rochester, N. Y., President; S. S. West, of the Abner Royce Co., Cleveland, Vice-president ; F. F. Ingram, of the F. F. Ingram Co., De- troit, 2d Vice-president; Walter Mueller, of Vantine & Co., New York, secretary; A. B. Calisher, of Calisher & Co., New York, treasurer. All of the above officers were re-elected, except Mr. Mueller, who succeeds Frank N. Carpenter. The following men were nominated at the afternoon session, .April 28, to fill three vacancies in the executive board: Theodore Ricksecker, New York; D. H. McConnell, New York; William A. Bradley, New York; Vincent B. Thomas, 236 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [May, 1915 New York; George F. Merrell, Chicago; and O. J. Cathcart, Newburg, N. Y. Representative Rowe, elected to Congress last fall from the Brooklyn district, addressed the association. He promised to give his efforts and his influence, whenever needed to forward the interest of the perfumers at Washington. A special library committee reported that the libraries in many large cities had been culled for bibliographies of books on perfume manufacturing and allied industries. G. A. S. OPPOSES STATE COMMISSIOIT On Recoi-d against the Proposition to Separate Com- mercial and Professional Pharmacy The German Apothecaries' Society at its April meeting went on record as opposed to the establishment of a State pharmacy commission and the separation of commercial from professional pharmacy. C. N. Lehman, of Tottenville, L. I., a member of tlie N. Y. S. P. A. committee of eleven having these matters under consideration, asked the society to ex- press Its attitude toward them, in order that he might be so guided at an approaching meeting of the committee. Reso- lutions were adopted to the effect that the members favored the State Board as it is today, and pointing out that divorc- ing the commercial di-ug store and the professional pharmacy was impossible in this country. Among those who agreed in discussion upon these points were Messrs. Swann, President Robert Lehman, Riefflin, Gilbert and others. Several communications were read by Corresponding Secre- tary Carl Baum. One, from the German-American Literary Defense Committee, requested the members to buy $5 shares in a project to establish a daily newspaper, to be printed in English and which should stand for strict neutrality. An- other letter included a request to the members to attend a play at the German theatre, Irving place, the play being the work of Julius Krause, editor of the evening edition of the Staats-Zeitting. Hugo Kantrowitz read a very interesting letter from Richard Seipel, president of the Wiener-Apotheker-Hauptgremium, who is custodian of all the archives relating to the pharmacists of Austria. In behalf of the Austrian Red Cross, the latter thanked the members for the bandage material supplied by them. He reported that the war had caused only a small loss in business to Vienna pharmacists, especially small when one considered the large number that had been called to military service. What was true of Vienna, according to Herr Seipel, was also true of other large cities in Austria and Germany. Treasurer Fred Schaefer reported that about 60 members had contributed approximately $100 toward a fund for the benefit of East Prussian refugees in Germany. George T. Riefflin was requested to tender this sum to the proper com- mittee. S. V. B. Swann, chairman of the legislative committee, presented a detailed report, explaining the pertinent regula- tions anent the Harrison law in T. D. 2172, noting the sta- tus of the Whitney bill and Heffernan bills, and pointing out the features of the Bloch law, just signed by Governor Whit- man. Mr. Riefflin reported upon a conference he had had with Ernst A. Boetzel, in the course of which a misunderstanding which had led the latter to tender his resignation was cleared up. Mr. Boetzel is now back in the society. Louis H. Loewenstein, 748 10th avenue, was proposed for membership by Alderman Fred Trau. Honorary President Charles F. Schleussner brought up the Bresler-Harrison law case, asking for information, which he received. He was also informed that the National Pharma- ceutical Society was aiding in the defense of Mr. Bresler. Otto P. Gilbert advised llie members that the State Board was now very active relative to the illegal sale of bichloride tablets. F. F. A. Haase raised the question whether a pharmacist's widow owning a drug store could, under the Harrison law, purchase narcotics. He was answered in the affirmative, but told that she could not dispense the narcotics. President TjIuimh c:i11.,1 :i)i.ntion to the death of Carl Hau.scr il ' . ' i-i, i illcd by many the "Ger- man M ' M' lixored a humorous lec- ture :it il ' > - 11 h ly. The secretary was instructed in .seiul the widow a kttcr of sympathy. ' F. F. A. Haase, of Newark, N. J., lectured at this meeting on "The History of Tobacco." George T. Riefflin brought up a query under the Harrison law. Could a physician order the repetition of a prescription by simply giving the number and address, without making out a new prescription. ]Mr. Schleussner advised obtaining a ruling on the point raised, but the consensus was that the physician should write a new prescription. This meeting was held on April 15, having been postponed from April 1, to give members an opportunity to participate in the many festivities held on the latter date in celebration of Bismarck's birthday. LEGISLATION BEFORE KINGS CO. PH. S. At the April meeting of the Kings Coimty Pharmaceutical" Society, held at the Brooklyn College of Pharmacy, Dr. William C. Anderson, chairman of the committee on legislation, ex- plained the pertinent features of T. D. 2172. which received attention in a previous issue of the Era. On State legisla- tion, he reported that the excise alcohol bill was being pressed hard and it was hoped that it would pass. This was according to information imparted in a letter he had re- ceived from President Wardle. The wood alcohol bill, he stated, was progressing nicely. As to the chances of the coupon bill, however, he could not say. The Whitney bill to amend the Boylan law had been aban- doned at a conference attended by Secretary of the State Board Warren L. Bradt and President Wardle, and a com- promise measure, the Bloch bill, had thereafter received the attention of the association's representatives. The Bloch bill, since this report, has been signed by the Governor. It per- mits the refilling of certain narcotic prescriptions, providing the refilled prescription is for the same person for whom it was first filled. Dr. Anderson pointed out that the Whitney bill had been withdrawn from the Governor due to the work of the dry goods men and that now was the time to "kill" it by individual action. This bill provided that the rules of the State Board should become law, and made the proprietor responsible for the actions of his licensed and unlicensed help. Dr. .Anderson would not recommend that the society oppose this legisla- tion. Dr. Wm. F. Morgan, chairman of the committee having the society's detail work in charge, reported that 4,000 blotters con- taining official formulas, had been printed during the past month. Jacob H. Rehfuss advocated the keeping of records on ex- empted narcotic prescriptions. Druggists, he contended, should do it for their own protection. The burden of proof was on the pharmacist. Mr. Rehfuss also called attention to the ac- tivity of the coupon corporations. The packing of coupons in goods handled by druggists had raised the wholesale price of some of them. He reported that the Chicago retail grocers had adopted a resolution to the effect that they would treat with disfavor articles so packed, and the attorney of a coupon corporation had notified the organization that the resolution would be regarded as a violation of the Sherman act. and an act interfering with legitimate commerce. If the action was not rescinded, the corporation would take steps to collect the penalty provided under the Sherman act. Mr. Rehfuss de- cried such an attempt to throttle criticism of a business policy, and pointed out the danger which, if such methods were per- missible, might be incurred by any association criticizing a corporation's business policy. Dr. Rein read a paper on "Thyroid Preparations, their Actions and Uses." Reycroft Drug Co. Not Guilty Arthur D. Reycroft and Louis W. Reycroft, doing business as the Reycroft Drug Co., and their clerk. Herman Gleisman, Cambridge, Mass., were acquitted on April 16 of the charges of violating tlie liquor law. The trial which lasted two days, was before a jury, the charges against the druggists growing out of the crusade conducted last November by the agents of the Law Enforcement League. We are glad to call attention to this outcome of the trial, as in tlie ^farch Er.\ it was stated that the defendants had been fined for the alleged violation, a statement which it now appears was not war- ranted by the facts or by the evidence which resulted in the jur>-'s verdict of "not guilty". ILky, 1915] THE phar:\iaceutical era 237 LOCK FOR POISON CONTAINER LEOX H. DOWNS, Goshen, X. Y., is the inventor of a poison container (Patent No. 1,134,566) which com- prises a casing, a cover hinged thereto, and a slotted member for lock- ing the casing and cover together, the slotted member Le- ing secured upon the cas'Jig and having a shouldei- upon its free end which engages the casing when Ihe cover is closed, and means ror re- leasing the engage- ment by a key ' ' passed th -ougb .«a Nj*^ 1,132,566. said slot and en- gaging the plate. A spring secured upon the casing has its outwardly pressing free end disposed within the slot and is pressed into engage- ment with the plate for disengaging the shoulders. Rotary Tooth Brush This device is the invention of Harry Allan, Toronto, Ont., Canada (Patent No. 1,133,90"), and comprises a casing, a shaft joumaled in and extending from the casing, a brush carried by the projecting end of the shaft, means carried by the casing for rotating the shaft and brush, a chan- neled guard partially inclosing the shaft and having a spoon-shaped portion par- tially inclosing the brush, said guard having its channeled portion provided with an angularly built arm, and means for connecting the arm with the casing for adjusting the guard and its spoon- shaped portion toward and away from the shaft and brush. At the inner end of the channeled portion of the guard is provided an arm bent at right angles thereto and formed with a longitudinal slot through which passes a binding screw which enters the adjacent flat side of the casing, whereby the guard and its spoon-shaped portion may be adjusted and fixed in adjusted posi- tion to the casing. 1,133,907 TRADE-MARKS Published March 23, 1915. 70,928— Co-operative Drug Manufacturing Co., now American Drug Mfg. Co., Jackson, Tenn. Castor oil, soothing syrup, etc. 71,622— Mary J. Nunes, Tonopah, Nev. External remedies for in- flammation, burns, ruptures, etc. 73,S91— L. Sonneborn Sons Inc., New York, N. Y. A mineral oil useH a.i a merlicine. 76,909— Richard Simon, Newton, N. J. Stomach drops. 78,116— Clara Tetlow, Philadelphia, Pa. Face powder. :82,0»1— Schuyler C. Unruh, Benton Harbor, Mich. Rheumatism remedy. 82,652— The Antipainola Co., Willacoochee, Ga. Treating rheuma- tism, neuralgia, etc. 83.057— Whetzel, Billups and Pickrell, Colfax, Wash. Treatment for dandruff and eczema. 83,338— John Wyeth & Bro., Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. Medicated and pharmaceutical tablets, triturates, etc. 83,707— Eugene M. Attridge, Binghamton, N. Y. Toilet water, sachet powder, etc. 83,712— Sol Meyer, Indianapolis, Ind. Preparations for the pre- vention of venereal diseases. 83.812— Stephen Fargo, Cleveland, Ohio. Remedy for vaginitis, leucorrhea, etc. ^ , -•84,030, 84,031, 84,032— The Intravenous Products Co., Denver, Colo. Intravenous treatment of syphilis, pellagra, and malaria. S4,081 — Genung and Mayer, West Haven, Conn. Anesthetics, ob- tundents, etc. 84,156, S4, 158— Barclay & Co., Wilmington, Del. Hair tonic. 84,188— John J. Bockar, New York, N. Y. Rheumatism remedy. 84,200— Lashneen Co., Philadelphia, Pa. A cosmetic for the growth of thick and long eyelashes. 84,202— Louis H. Pinco, New York, N. Y. A laxative gum. 84,228— Hani A. Rosenberg, New York, N. Y. Hair tonic, hair restorer and hair pomade. 84,319— Charles B. Spies, New York, N. Y. Scalp tonic, skin cream, etc. 84,397— BuKola Tablet Co., Portland, Ore. Remedy for nerves, bladder, and kidneys. 84,403 — Mrs. L. W. James, State Line, Miss. Remedy for pimples, black heads, sun tan, etc. 84,407— W. H. Metzger Mfg. Co., Quincy, 111. Preparation for de- stroying vermin, etc. 84,414 — George F. Smith, Washington, Pa. Remedy for colds. 84,714 — Amos Stewart, Los Angeles, Cal. Remedy for rheumatism, lumbago and kidney trouble. Published March 30, 1915. 70,896— Thomas M. Griffiths, St. Louis Mo. A cathartic and laxa- tive. 78,783— The Cooper Medicine Co., assignor to Tona Vita Medicine Co., Dayton, Ohio. Medicinal tonic. 82,086— American Drug & Press Association, Decorah, Iowa. Tooth- ache drops, sore throat, etc. 82,450— Pedro M. Salas, Tampa, Fla. Remedy for gonorrhea and gleet. 83,236— Templetons Rheumatic Capsule Corp., Ltd., Toronto, On- tario, Canada. Rheumatism remedy. 83,457 — Jesse J. Culp, Warrensburg, Mo. Hog worm remedy. 83,793— Lizzie S. Barron, Baltimore, Md. Liver pills. 84,195— Richard Hudnut, New York, N. Y. Perfume, toilet water, headache cologne, etc. 84,241 — Gustantinos Y. Jianellis, Detroit, Mich. Scalp and dan- druff preparations. 84,337— Fully & Lewis, Los Angeles, Cal. Foot powder. 84,528— Josie Fay, Detroit, Mich. Ointment. 84,690— Nancy Hartford, Silver Creek, Nebr. Tuberculosis remedy. 84,862— Herbert L. Partridge, La Crosse, Wis. Corn remedy, tooth- ache drops, etc. 84,881— The Favorita Co., New York, N. Y. Remedy for removing dandruff. 84,925— Stephen Fargo, Cleveland, Ohio. Liniment. 84,930— Hello-Boy Manufacturing Co., Farrell, Pa. An antiseptic. 84,942— William L. Schultz, Brooklyn, N. Y. Face-powder. 84,957— The Empire Regenerator Co., New York, N. Y. Hair color- ings and hair dves. 84.966— Field C. Morgan, Claremont, N. H. Laxative pills. 84.967— National Remedy Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. Laxative syrup. Published April 6, 1915. 63,865 — St. Ivel, Ltd., Yeovil, England, Preparations for the brain and nerves. 66,616— Carrie H. Rubel, Philadelphia, Pa. Medicine for kidneys, etc. 72,989— Charles H. McClanahan, Cowden, 111. Preparation for the treatment of cancer. 76,874 — J. D. Riedel Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin, Germany. Sedative, antipyretic, and antimyalgic compounds. 79,418— Radium Limited, U. S. A., New York. N. Y. Chemical substances adapted to give off radio-active emanations, etc. 82,277— Leselia Remedies Co., Louisville, Ky. Salves, medicinal tonics, etc. 83,189— William H. Schleizer, Chicago, 111. Laxative tablets. 83,231— Standard Oil Company, Whiting, Ind. Petrolatum oil. 83,380— Jacob Luttenberger, Easton, Pa. Eye remedy. Granted March 23, 1915. 1,132,566— Leon H. Downs, Goshen, N. Y. Lock for poison con- tainer. 1,332,620— Wallace C. Sabine, assignor to the Carter's Ink Co., Cambridge, Mass. Pour-out for bottles. 1.132.709— George Eichelbaum, assignor to the firm of Kalle & Co., Aktiengesellschaft, Biebrich-on-the-Rhine, Germany. Manu- facture of aluminium-acetate compounds. 1.132.710— Carleton Ellis, Montclair, N. J. the like. 1,132,855— Julian H. Kendig, of Pittsburgh, rentum Bottle Machine Co., Tarentun machine. 1,132.931— Milo E. Hamilton, Worcester, Mass. Bottle stopper. 1,132,975— Hugh H. Robertson, New York, N. Y., assignor to Con- tinental Can Co., Inc., Syracuse, N. Y. Cap for bottles or jars, 1,132,977— Max Rosenthal, New York, N. Y., assignor of one-half to George Schmidt, Jr., Elizabeth, N. J. Hot water bottle. 1,133,086— Carl Bosch, assignor to Badische Anilin & Soda Fabrik, Ludwigshafen-on-the-Rhine, Germany. Production of ammon- ium sulfate. Detoxicating oil and Pa., assignor to Ta- Pa. Bottle making •238 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [IMay, 1915 1,133,225— Emil Boser a refillable bottle. 1,133,250— William M. Ruthrauff, Tucson Earnest Matz, Hollywood, Ca Non- ihce. Ariz. Ident Granted March 30, 1915. 1,133,505— Oscar Roelke. St. Louis, Mo. Bottle top. 1,133,602— Frank O. Woodland, assignor to Economic Machinery Co., Worcester, Mass. Labeling machine. 1,133,803— John F. Jensen, Union Hill, N. J. Non-refillable bot- tle. 1,133,832— Gustav Blieberger, New York, N. Y. Method of mak- ing menthyl-salicylic methyl ester. 1,133,907— Harry Allan, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Rotary tooth brush. 1,133„916— Friedrich Boedecker, assignor to J. D. Riedel Aktien- gesellschaft, Berlin-Britz, Germany. Compounds of hexa- methylenetetramin. 1,133,929— Albert Alfred Carper, Catonsville, Md., assignor to The Crown Cork & Seal Co., Baltimore, Md. Bottle machine, 1,133,950— John A. Fretz and Thomas F. Craven, Philadelphia, Pa. Bottle closure. 1,133,961— Ludwig Hess, Berlin-Britr, Germany. Orthovanadic- acid and esters and their solutions. 1,134,065— Joseph V. Hull, assignor, by mesne assignments, to Anchor Cap and Closure Corp., New York, N. Y. Machine for vacuum sealing. 1,134,066, 1,134,067, 1,134,068— Joseph V. Hull, assignor, by mesne assignments to Anchor Cap & , Closure Corp., New York. Re- ceptacle closure. 47,150— (Designs) Willis Burnett, Chillicothe, 111. Poison bottle. Granted April 6, 1915. R. Bloch, Paris, France. Perfume sprayer. R. Planten, New York, N. Y. Gelatin cap- 1,134,098- May 1,134,156-Herr sule. 1,134.210— Edw rd A. Charles signer of one-half tc Non-refillable bottle, ipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Non- Langton, T. Hayner, New York, N. " 1,134,242— James A. Stodgell, Wi refillable bottle. 1,134.323— Andreas Farago, Budapest, Austria-Hungary. Process for preventing decomposition of hydrogen peroxid solutions. 1,134,450-Ernest S. Goldy, Haddonfield, N. J. Tooth brush. 1,134,459— Loeser Kalina, New York, N. Y. Folding tooth brush. 1,134,536— John H. Holmes, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England. Ap- paratus for dispensing liquids. 1,1.34,647— Manuel J. Souza, Selma, Cal. Non-rcfillable bottle. 1,134,676— John J. Gaynor and Peter Carl Lieber, assignors ti Progress Machine Co., Indianapolis, Ind. Bottle capping machine. 1,134,885— John A. Matson, New York, N. Y. Non-refiUable bottle. Granted April 13, 1915. 1,135,094— Leonard Bartlett, Chicago, III., assignor of one-half to Matthew T. Lvnch, Chicago, 111. Bottle cap or seal. 1,135,203— Michal Morawiecki, Pittsburgh, Pa. Non-refillable bot- tle. 1,135,328— John Schies, Anderson, Ind. Bottle or jar closure. 1,135,635— August Tiesse, Chicago, 111. Labeling machine. 1,135,680— John J. Gaynor and Peter Carl Lieber, assignors to Progress Machine Company, Indianapolis, Ind. Bottle capping machine. 1,135,718— William H. Ranagan, Vineland, N. J. Bottle stopper. 1,135,922— John Rebrovich, Pittsburgh, Pa. Brush guide for den- tifrice containers. Doctors Commend Druggists "Better Fellowship at any Price" is the slogan of the ^Mem- phis Drug Club, and that the membership have accomplished results along this line is shown by the support the organiza- tion has received from the trade generally, but also from phy- sicians. When the Harrison law went into operation, the club issued a notice to physicians, calling attention to the provisions of the Act, sending to each prescriber with tlie notice a blank for use in writing prescriptions for narcotics, the latter, however, omitting all reference to any druggist's name and other advertising. That the effort was appreciated by the medical fraternity is shown by the following resolution, offered by Dr. J. L. Andrews, superintendent of the board of health, at the last meeting of the ^Memphis and Shelby County Medical .Asso- ciation : "Resolved, That the INIeniphis and Shelby County Medical association go on record as being opposed to the long-es- tablished custom of writing prescriptions on blanks advertis- ing any firm and request all their members not to use such blanks, regulation blanks being obtainable from any druggist." The resolution was passed unanimously and the Memphi.'s Drug club feels that its efforts for recognition have not beer in vain. Statement of Ownership Statement filed for .\pril 1, 1915 of Ownership. Management, ri, of ill rH.\RM.\CEUTic.\L Er.a, published monthly at Xew Wnk. N \ as requued by the Act of .\ugust 2-4, \9\2. Sec- tion -1()7' ■ Postal Laws and Regulations: Editor and managing editor, E, J. Kennedy; business manager. D. O. Haynes; pub- lishers, D. O. Haynes & Co., all of No. 3 Park Place. Xew "S'ork. Owners, D. O. Haynes & Co., D. O. Haynes. and E. King, all of New York. No bonds, mortgages or other securi- ties issued. Signed, D O. Haynes & Co., by D. O. Haynes, President. Sworn and subscribed to before P. Frank Sonnek. Notary Public, Queens Co., N. Y., on .■\pril 3, 1914. Commis- sion expires March 30, 1917. May. 1915] TIIK I'lIAR.MACFA'TICAL ERA 23!) INCREASING SCARCITY OF SYNTHETICS Naphthalene in Demand and Rapidly Advancing in Price — Norwegian Cod Liver Oil has Fallen ofE and is Lower See pages 43 to 51 for Prices Current. Changes Srs'CE Last Report. A— .\cctanilid lb. 150 - A— .\cid. Benzoic, German lb. 2.20 - A— .\cid, Gallic, J4. J^. and 1-lb. cartons lb. .93 - I A— Acid, Picric lb. A— Acid, Salicylic, 1-lb. cartons lb. 1.65 - Bulk lb. 1.60 - ' D— .\conitine Nitrate, Cryst. 15-gr. v ea. D— Alcohol, Denatured, bbls. & bbls. ..gal. .37 - , A — .\lmonds. Bitter, shelled lb. .43 - D— Aloes. Cape lb. .14 - Powdered lb. .20 - ' D — Aloin, 1-oz. vials oz. .03 - A — .Vmmonium Bromide, 1-lb. bottles lb. .85 - ' D— .\mmonium Iodide lb. 4.40 - ' A— Ammonium Muriate lb. .14 I C. P. Granular ....lb. .18 - ■ Powdered lb. .15 ■ D — Ammonium sulphate lb. .06 D — Balsam Fir, Canada lb. 1.15 1 D— Barium Chloride lb. .15 Nitrate, Powdered ..lb. .20 Sulphate, Pure, precip !.lb. .25 A— Bay Rum, Porto Rican, bbls gal. 1.65 D — Beans, \'anilla, Mexican, long lb. 4.50 Short lb. 3.75 Bourban lb. 3.50 A — Belladonna Leaves, German lb. 1.60 D— Benzoin, Sumatra, Powdered lb. .53 A— Bismuth Citrate and Ammonium lb. 3.45 Salicylate, 65 per cent lb. 3.60 40 per cent lb. 3.25 D — Bone, Cuttlefish, Jewelers' lb. .60 D— Borax. Refined lb. .06 D— Buckthorn Bark lb. .25 D— Burdock Root, Crushed lb. .20 D— Cacao Butter, Bulk lb. .35 Baker's A and White lb. .40 Dutch lb. .35 MaiUard's lb. .36 D— Caffeine, Pure lb. 4.25 A— Calamus Root, White, Peeled and Split lb. .52 A— Calcium Chloride, Crude lb. .08 D— Camphor, Refined (bbls.) lb. .42 ^-Ib. squares lb. .43 Japanese lb. .42 A— Cannabis Indica Herb lb. 2.00 D— Caraway Seed lb. .14 D— Cardamom Seed, Bleached lb. 1.60 Decorticated lb. 1.30 Powdered lb. 1,40 D— Celery Seed lb. .24 A — Chamomile, Flowers, Hungarian lb. .48 Roman or Belgian lb. .46 D— Colchicum Seed lb. .65 Powdered lb. .75 A— Condurango Bark lb. ..^0 D — Copaiba. South American lb. .42 A — Coumarin oz. .38 A— Creosote. Beechwood lb. 1.00 D — Creosote. Carbonate oz. .20 D — Digitalis Leaves, German lb. .30 A— Dog Grass. Cut lb. .30 > D— Dover's Powder lb. 1.90 D — Dragon's Blood, Powdered lb. .40 A— Ergot, Russian lb. 1.20 Powdered lb. 1.35 1.75 2.35 1.10 2,25 1.75 1.70 .70 .42 .53 .18 .25 .10 1.00 4.50 .22 .20 .30 l.:o 5.00 4.i5 1.70 4.50 4.00 3.60 .90 .081/4 .30 .24 .40 .45 .40 .44 4.75 .62 .10 .51 .52 .51 2.15 .16 1.80 1.40 1.48 .28 .52 .50 .75 .80 .34 47 .45 1.25 .25 .32 .36 2.00 .60 1.30 ■ 1.40 A— Fennel Seed lb. .34 — .44 D— Gentian Root lb. .15 — .18 D— Ginger Root, African lb. .12 — .14 Powdered lb. .16 — .18 Powdered lb .20 — .23 D— Glycerin lb. .25 — .30 D — Grains of Paradise lb. .30 — .35 Powdered lb. .30 — .40 D— Guaiac Resin lb. .35 — .45 Powdered lb. .40 — .45 A— Guaiacol, Liquid lb. 2.75 — 3.25 A— Iodine, Resublimed lb. 4.15 — 4.30 A— Iodoform, Cryst. & Powdered lb. 4.60 — 5.30 A — Ipecac Root, Carthagena lb. 3.00 — ■ 3.15 Powdered lb. 3.15 — 3.25 A— Iron and Quinine Cit. U. S. P. (12 p. c. Quinine) Scales lb. 2.30 — 2.50 A — Iron Quinine and Stryclmine lb. 2.60 — 3.00 A — Iron Salicylate oz. .11 — .15 D — Iron Sesquichloride lb. .30 — .35 Solution lb. .09 — .15 D— Iron Subsulphate lb. .20 — .27 A — Iron Tartrate and Ammonium lb. .70 — .80 D — Iron Valerate oz. .20 — .23 A — Lavender Flowers lb. .30 — .50 A— Leeches, Best Swedish ea. .12 — .15 A — Licorice, Corigliana lb. .33 — .38 Mass lb. .32 — .37 Root, Russian, cut lb. .24 — .28 Powdered lb. .22 — .26 Root, Spanish, Bundles lb. .17 — .22 Powdered lb. .18 — .23 A — Lithium Acetate oz. — .22 Bitartrate oz. — .24 Carbonate lb. 1.40 — 1.50 Citrate lb. 1.70 — 1.80 Salicylate lb. 2.20 — 2.40 A— Malva Flowers, Blue, small lb. 1.30 — 1.80 D — Manganese Bromide lb. .18 — .23 Chloride, Cry.stal lb. .25 — .55 Hypophosphite lb. 1.75 — 1.85 Lactate oz. .22 — .25 D— Manna, Flake, Large lb. .85 — .92 D— Menthol, Crystal lb. 3.25 — 3.35 D— Mercury lb. 1.27 — 1.32 A — Mercury Bichloride (Corrosive Sub.) .lb. 1.05 — 1.10 Powdered lb. 1.00 — 1.10 Bisulphate lb. .95 — 1.00 Chloride (Mild) Calomel) lb. 1.10 — 1.25 D — Mercury Nitrate, Solution oz. .10 — .15 A— Mullein Flowers, 1-lb. cans lb. 2.10 — 2.20 A— Naphthalene, Flake or Balls lb. .08i^— .10 D — Nickel and Ammonium Sulphate lb. .18 — .21 D— Oil, Almond, Bitter lb. 5.00 — 5.50 D— Oil, Almond, Sweet, Pure lb. 1.00 — 1.15 A— Oil, Aniseed, Star lb. 1.60 — 1.70 D— Oil, Bergamot, lb. 3.40 — 3.50 D— Oil, Cassia lb. 1,00 — 1,50 D— Oil, Citronella lb. .55 — 1,45 D— Oil, Cloves lb. 1.35 — 1,40 D— Oil, Cod Liver, Norwegian, bbls ea. 40.00 — 41,00 Half-bbls ea. 21,00 — 23,00 D— Oil, Eucalyptus lb. .75 — .85 A— Oil, Fennel Seed lb. 3.00 — 3.25 A — Oil, Haarlem, Capsules, gross. — 27,00 D— Oil, Lemon lb, 1,25 — 1,35 A— Oil, Mustard. Artificial Ih, 3,25 — 3,50 D— Oil, Nutmeg lb, 1.20 — 1,25 D— Oil, Orange, Bitter lb, 2,20 — 2,35 Sweet lb, 1.75 — 1.95 A— Oil, Pepper, Black (Oleoresin, U. S. P.) lb. — 3.90 A— Oil, Peppermint, New York lb. 1,85 — 2,00 D— Oil, Rosemary Flowers lb. 1.10 — 1.25 D— Oil, Sandalwood, English lb. 5.60 — 5.85 240 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA []\Iay, 1915 D— Oil, Thyme, Red, No. 1 lb. 1.45 — 1.60 A— Oil, Wintergreen, lb. 4.60 — 4.90 Synthetic lb. 1.50 — 1.70 A—Oil, Wormseed, Baltimore lb. 1.85 — 2.00 D— Opium, Natural lb. 7.80 — 8.00 Granulated lb. 9.50 — 10.10 U. S. P. Powdered lb. 9.40 — 10.00 A— Paraldehyde lb. 1.15 — 1.30 A— Pepper, White lb. .28 — .32 D — Phosphorus, Amorphous lb. 1.05 — 1.15 D — Pitch, Burgundy, American lb. .10 — .12 D— Potassa, Caustic, Com 61b. .16 — .19 D — Potassium Benzoate oz. .15 — .22 A — Potassium Bicarbonate lb. .28 — .32 A — Potassium Bichromate lb. .22 — .26 A — Potassium Bromide lb. .75 — .95 A— Potassium Chlorate lb. .40 — .50 Powdered lb. .41 — .51 Purified and Granular lb. .42 — .52 D — Potassium Chloride lb. .75 — .85 D — Potassium Permanganate lb .65 — .70 Pure Powdered lb. .71 — .76 D— Powder, Dover's lb. 1.90 — 2.00 A— Pulsatilla Herb lb. 1.45 — 1.65 A— Rochelle Salt lb. .22 1^— 26^ A— Saffron, Spanish, True Valencia lb. 13.25 — 13.50 D— Saffrol lb. .35 — .40 A— Seidlitz Mixture lb. .18^— .23^ A— Senna, Tinnevelly lb. .30 — .34 A— Soap Tree Bark, Whole lb. .20 — .24 Cut lb. .32 — .35 A— Sodium Benzoate lb. 2.10 — 2.30 A — Sodium Bromide lb. .76 — .85 A— Sodium Citrate lb. .70 — .85 A— Sodium Salicylate lb. 1.85 — 2.00 D— Spirits Turpentine gal. .52 — .63 A— Stora.x, Liquid lb. .45 — .48 D — Stramonium Leaves, Pressed lb. .36 — .40 A— Strontium Bromide lb. .80 -- 1.20 A-Thymol lb. 8.50 - 9.00 A— Tragacanth, Aleppo, No. 1 lb. 2.10 — 2.30 D— Wax, Bay lb. -28 — .32 D_Wax, Carnauba, No. 1 lb. .60 — .65 A— Wax, Japan lb. .20 — .25 A— Wormseed, Levant (Santonica) lb. .70 — ./5 Powdered lb. -80 — .85 D— Zinc Sulphate, CP lb -15 — .18 NOTE — A, advanced; D, declined; C, correction; N, new. NEW YORK, April 22— The priifcipal feature of the mar- ket during the past month has been the increasing scarcity of the so-called synthetic products, especially those which have heretofore been imported from the countries at war. Carbolic acid, benzoic acid, artificial oil of mustard, coumarin, naphthalene, and many other articles whose basic origin is traceable to coal tar or its congeners, are all in re- stricted supply, with prices correspondingly advancing. Many botanical drugs of foreign origin are also showing increased strength, although the place of some of these can be taken by drugs of domestic origin. Sales have been largely restricted to the current requirements of domestic buyers and a some- what limited export business. Opium is lower. Other de- clines noted are those for vanilla beans, cacao butter, camphor, cardamom seed, digitalis leaves, ginger, glycerin, various es- sential oils, and some of the waxes. Among the price changes showing advances are those for acetanilid, various acids, bay rum, cannabis indica herb, iodine and iodoform, licorice, lithium salts, naphthalene, oils of wintergreen and wormwood, and the various potassium salts and compounds. Spanish saf- fron is also higher. As a general proposition, tlie market shows but little activity, and there is not much doing beyond meeting the current requirements of buyers. Opium— There is a lack of interest on the part of domestic manufacturers, and the market is characterized as easy, with natural being quoted by jobbers at ?7.80@$8 per pound. Granulated is held at $9.50(5)$10.10, and U. S. P. powdered at $9.40@$10. It appears that spot stocks have far exceeded the demand, which has been very light from domestic consumers, and only of moderate proportions from foreign buyers. Quinine— The demand from domestic consumers is moderate. Imports of the sulphate and all alkaloids or salte of cinchona in the eight months ending February last totalled 1,745,090 ounces valued at $431,119, as against 1,630,634 ounces valued at $327,563 a year ago. The imports of cinchona bark for the same period were valued at $358,455, against $217,941 for the corresponding period last year. The next Amsterdam auction is scheduled for May 21 when 50,000 ounces of British pharmacopoeial salts will be offered. Job- bing prices in this market are unchanged at 27@31c in 100- oz. tins. Cod Liver Oil — The general market reflects a somewhat easier tone, with Norwegian marked down to $40@$41 per barrel, and $21@$23 per half barrel. The demand has fallen off considerably. The latest advices from the Norwegian fields report the number of fish and production of oil as follows: Fish catch for the Lofoten district, 14,700,000 fish, as compared with 16,200,000 fish for the corresponding period last year; fish catch for all Norway so far this season, 46,800,- 000 fish, as compared with 57,600,000 fish for the similar period in 1914; oil yield for all Norway, 33,757 barrels, as compared with 37,015 barrels for the corresponding period of last year. Carb Lie Acid — Is very steady on the basis of $1.35(gS1.4S per pound for crj'stal in bulk; in 10 and 15-lb. cans, $1.40@ $1.50 per pound; in 1-Ib. bottles, $1.50@$1.55. Menthol — With an easing up of demand, this article com- mands a slightly lower price, jobbers asking $3.25@$3.5S per pound for crystal. Camphor — Refined has been marked down to 42@51c per pound in barrel lots, 43@52c being asked for }4-lh. slabs. Japanese is held at 42@51c per pound. Balsam Fir — Canada is lower, owing to the customary fall- ing off in demand at this time of the year, jobbers quoting $1.15@$1.2S per pound. Oregon balsam is unchanged at 18@ 22c per pound. Beans, Vanilla — Liberal offerings and lack of demand have caused a reduction in prices, and jobbers are quoting Mexican long at $4.50@$5 per pound, and short at $3.75@$4.25 per pound. Bourbons are held at $3.50@$4. The 1914-1915 crop of Mexican beans is estimated at about 200,000 pounds, or about one-half of the size of the output of the previous year. Bourbons are in more plentiful supply both here and in France. Cannabis Indica Herb — A recent increase on the export tax of this drug has caused importers and jobbers to mark up their prices, and the latter quote $2@$2.15 per pound. PELIX HIRSEMAN DEAD Felix Hirseman, for many years one of the most active pharmaceutical workers in the State, and for nearly a quarter of a century prominently identified with the activities of the German Apothecaries Society of New York City, died on April 28 from a complication of diseases following kidney trouble. He was bom in Silesia, Prussia, on April 30, 1S55. Soon after coming to the United States he began the practice of pharmacy and until a few years ago had owned and operated stores in various places in the Metropolis. He was married in 1892, his wife in 1898 taking the State board examination for registered pharmacist and passing with the highest percentage ever recorded by the board up to that time. The Hirseman stores from that time on were signifi- cant by the fact that tlie store signs carried the names of botli Mr. and Mrs. Hirseman as proprietors. Mrs. Hirseman, who died in 1912, was quite as active in organization affairs as her husband and at one time was one of the vice-presidents of the New York State Ph. A. One who well knew Mr. Hirseman once said that he lived very near — in the hearts of his fellows — to the maelstrom of the great organizations of the retail trade in New York State, and was also well informed on pharmaceutical affairs in the United States, for he had frequently represented New York pharmacists in the National organizations. He had served a number of terms as president of the German .\pothecaries Society, and also as treasurer, and at the time of his death was a member of its board of trustees. In 1901 he was elected president of the State Pharmaceutical Association. A few years ago he retired from active practice of pharmao-. and in company with Hugo Kantrowitz organized the German Apothecaries Publishing Co., of which he was president, and took over the publication of the Dcutsch-Amcrikanischc Apothc- ker Zeitung. He was a member of Pclham Lodge, F. & A. M . and a past regent in the Royal Arcanum. He had no children. May. 1915; THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 241 The STANDARD OIL COMPANY (NEW JERSEY) ANNOUNCES A NEW PRODUCT It is a Pure "White IMineral Oil, odorless, tasteless, and equal in every respect to the best grade of Russian oil. Nujol is i)ut upon the market at this time in order to satisfy the wide- spread demand for a mineral oil suitable for use in the treatment of constipation. It is a perfect product — produced under exacting stand- ards of accuracy in the laboratories of the world's greatest oil refiners. The mineral oil treatment for constipation is recognized as one of the most important of recent discoveries in medicine. Doctors everywhere are prescribing it; customers are asking for it. Nujol will be the first mineral oil to be advertised on a big scale, not merely in the medical journals, but also in daily newspapers and street cars. It is the mineral oil for you to carry. STANDARD OIL COMPANY (New Jersey) Bayonne New Jersey 242 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [May, 1915 Index to Advertisers, page 26. Index to Goods Advertised, pages 27-30 Index to Text Pages Abstracts, Foreign, 218. Ackerman, Adolph H., 225. Agar, 233. Altherr, Frank H., 224. A. Ph. A. House of Delegates, 227. American Red Cross and the War, 198. Apomorphine, Color Reaction, 218. Applegate, S. W., 226. Arsonault, Henry, 226. Armstrong, Benjamin, 226. Associations, Calendar of Meet- ings, 229. Associations, Clubs, etc. — American Pharmaceutical, 227. New York Branch, 227. Denver Branch, 228. Detroit Branch, 228. Baltimore Branch, 228. Philadelphia Branch, 228. Chicago Women's Pharm. 213. Detroit Drug Salesmen, 229. Galveston (Te.x.) Retail Drug., 226. German Apothecaries, 236. Iowa Pharmaceutical, 229. Jersey City Retail Dhuggists, 229. Kings Co. (N. Y.) Pharm., 236. Louisiana Pharm., 229. Manufacturing Perfumers, 219, 235. Michigan State Rexall Dealers, 229. New Bedford (Mass.) Drug Clerks, 229. New York Co. Pharm. Soc, 226. New York State Pharm. 220. New York Women's Pharm. 213. Rock Co. (Wis.) Retail Dr., 229. Rutherford Co. (Tenn.) Drug- gists, 217. Tidewater Druggist (Norfolk), 229. Virginia Rexall Club, 229. W. O. N. A. R. D. Louisville Chapter, 212. Philadelphia Chapter, 213. Wisconsin Pharm., 229. Women's Pharm., Pacific Coast, 213. Baseball Goods, as Side Line, 222. Bcta-Quinol, 215. Boards of Pharmacy — Illinois, 232. Massachusetts, 232. New York, 232. Vermont, 232. Virginia, 232. Bolles, H. U., 224. Books, Reagents and Stains, 215. Books Reviewed— Askinson, Perfumes and Cos- metics, 200. Lucas, Book of Pharmaco- poeias and Formularies, 200. Lucas, Book of Prescriptions, 200. Proceedings of the National Wholesale Druggists Asso- ciation, 1914, 200. Bradt, Warren L., 224. Burke, Mrs. William T., 213. Burke, William Thompson, 226. Business Crystals, 212. Calamus, Therapy, 215. Cameron, Mrs. Mabel, 213. Cantharis Vesicatoria, 216. Carpenter, Frank N., 224. Chain Store and Small Retailer, 197. Coldren, Sterling P., 234. Colleges of Pharmacy — Brooklyn, 230. Creighton, 230. Illinois University, 230. Indianapolis, 230. Iowa University, 230. Jersey City. 230. Louisville, 218. Michigan University, 230. New York, 230. Correspondence, 197. Cousins, W. H., 223. Crane, James H., 224. Cronhardt, John C, 226. Cunningham, George G., 226. Darby, W. H., 225. Davis, James B., 226. Diamond, Frederick D., 226. Disinfectant, Drip, 215. Drugs, Therapy, 215. Dye Situations, Edison Discuses, 199. Eberle, E. G., 223. Edison, Thomas A., 199. Editorials — Buying Clubs Trying to Meet Competition, 195. Price Maintenance Agree- ments, 196. Provisions of State Narcotic Laws, 196. Edwards, Melton S., 234. Egcr, William, 225. Electric Novelties Profitable, 220. I'ptol, 215. Era Course in Pharmacy, Gradu- ates, 234. Fairchild, William S., 224. Fell, Hiram F., 226. Fennel, Dr. Charles P. T., 224. Fishing Tackle as Side Line 221. . Fred M., 225. Fungicides, Sale in Drug Stores, 231. Calo, Edwin O., 225. (iauss, Frank L. E., 225. Gedney, James W., 220. Glycerophosphates, Analysis, Gorgas, William C, 198. Graham, W. A., 226. ..ry, William C, 224. Hamburg, Miss Florence, 213. Harbridge, Frederick, 226. Harris, Ezra, 234. Hirscman, Felix, 240. ilnlt/>chuh, John J., 226. Hubbard, Fred A.. 225. son, H. P., 227. Insecticides, Sale in Drug Stores, 231. Insurance, Liability, Recom- mended, 214. Intesti-Fermin Tablets, 233. Iodine, Pharmaceuticals, Deter- mination, 218, Isopropylene Glycol, Glucoside, Jacobi. Dr. A., 224. ■, Dr. L. F., 219. Keene, Jerome J., 224. Kennedy, W. E., 224. Kinsbury, Howard, 226. Law, Harrison, Application, 215. Law, Points that Affect Retail Druggists, 214. Leonard, Frank W., 226. Lilt;. Clarence, 225. Lubbinga, H. E., 226. Lytta Vesicatoria, 216. McCormick, R. A., 223. irket Report, 239. Mt ycr Bros, Drug Co., 222. Mm so, Frank Dana, 225. M.iMly Personal, 223. Mouth Wash, Tannin, 210. X •■^ligencc. Druggist's, 214 X.illy, William C, 223. Dbituaries, 225. Patents, Trade Marks, etc.. 237. Perfumery, American, Future, 219, 235. Pertussin, 216. Pharmacy, Chicago High Schools, 231. Planten & Son, H., 220. Poison Container, Downs', 237. Prescriptions and Narcotic Act, 231. Question Box, 215. Raymow, Thomas F., 225. Reck, H. C, 223. Rehfuss, Jacob H., 223. Reycroft Drug Co., 236. Ricin, 216. Ricinus, 216. Rittman, Dr. Walter F., 199. Rogers, Fred S., 224. Ruicker, Fred H., 224. Ryan, Frank G., 224. Sage, William H., 224. Salvarsan-Sodium, 218. Saponin in Beverages, Detection 218. Sarsene, 215. Schenk, Mrs. Fannie K., 213. Schrader, Louis, 226. Schultz, C. F. William, 225. Scott, Walter P., 224. Sellers, Frank, 226. Shimer, Mrs. Miles H., 212. Silvol, 233. Smith, William R., 226. Snow, Levi M., 226. Sodium Perborate, 216. Sodium Pyroborate, 216. Sodium Thiosulphate, V. S., Standardization, 217. !:i. r. A. M., 219. Stimson, Dr. Charlotte E. 212. Stone, James A., 226. Sulfo Solution, 215. Suppan, Dr. Leo, 224. Swoboda, Charles A., 234. Synthesis. Biochemical, 218. Syrup Thyme, Compound, 216. Taylor, Irby C, 234. Tr. Lattai Vesicatoria, 216. Trading Stamps, Pennsylvania, 233. Tooth Brush, Rotary, 237. Typhus Fever, Fighting in Ser- bia, 198. Vacationist and his Needs, 211. '\all. John R., 224. W allace. Emma Gary, 211. Wallace, J. M.. 224. ^\'-bster, Ernest L. 224. Wilson, Edgar H., 224. •••langer, Mrs. Estclle V., 212. Wolpcrt, Frank X., 226. Women in Pharmacy, 212. THE ERA BINDER— Is a substantial Binder which holds copies of Weekly Drug Markets, The Pharmaceutical Era or The Soda Fountain for ONE YEAR. Price 75 cents each, postpaid. D. O. HAYNES & CO., Publishers - No. 3 Park Place, New York ~ TT I Til 111 \I I \ \ I J ESTABUSHED 1887 It THE PHARmCEUTICAL ERA] I f li AN lLLU^^^^MO>JTHLY PUBU^^O^QR^eIdRU^^^^ ^ Vol. XLVIII New York, June, 1915 No. 6 The Pharmaceutical Era. PUBLISHED ON THE FIRST OF EACH MONTH. D. O. Haynes & Co. Publishers No. 3 Park Place, New Yobk Telephone, 7646 Barclay. Cable Address, "Era, New York.' SUBSCRIPTION RATES: Domestic Rates to U. S., Cuba. Hawaii, Porto Rico, the Philippines and Mexico. To Canada, postpaid. Postal Subscription $1.00 a year With Era Price List 1.50 a year Subscription 1.50 a year With Era Price List 2.00 a year Subscription 2.00 a year With Era Price List 2.50 a year REMIT by P. O. or Express Order or New York Draft pay- able to order of D. O. Haynes & Co. Add 10 cents for collection diarges if you send local check. Single Copies, 15 cents. I Published at No. 3 Park Place, Borough of Manhattan, New J York, by D. O. Haynes & Co., a corporation: President and treas- i Lirer, D. O. Haynes; vice-president, E. J. Kennedy; secretary, N. \V. Haynes. Address of Officers is No. 3 Park Place, New York. Entered at the New York Post-Ofjice as Second-class Matter. \Copyrisht, 1015, by D. O. Haynes & Co. All rights reserved. Title Registered in the United States Patent Office. ', Table of Contents. ! Editorl^l and Ph.\rmaceuticai, Pages 243-269 j" Editorials 243-245 Cost Accounting Based on Reported Data 246-247 New Decisions on Narcotic Law 248 Building Business by Mail 249-251 Selling Summer Drug Specialties 252-253 Manufacture of Toilet Preparations 254 The Cod Liver Oil Industr>' 255-256 Woman an .-Vuthority on Medical Botany 257 Pharmacists and Manufacturing Laboratories . . 259-260 Question Bo.x 261-262 Foreign Abstracts 263-264 Legal Decisions 265 Camera and Photographic Supplies 267-268 'News and Trade Section- 270-290 Mostly Personal 270 Obituaries 272 , College of Pharmacy Commencements 273-276 Proprietary Association Meets 277 News of .Associations 278-279 Allied Retailers May Fight Chain Stores 279 Working for Reciprocal Registration 280 ' Premiums for Druggists 284 Patents, Trademarks, etc 285-286 ^ Drug Markets 287-289 [ndex to .Ad\'ertiser5 Page 26 Index to Goods .-Vdverttsed Pages 27- 30 Index to RE.VDrsT. P.\ge: Page 290 COST ACCOUNTING FOR DRUGGISTS Students of economies have in various ways en- deavored to arouse interest in accounting methods and to force home the conclusion that one cannot live a successful business life unless he "always Icnows where he stands." It cannot be denied that such knowledge is most necessary and desirable, if one is to get along in the world, but to evolve methods which shall show this information in an intelligible and comprehensive manner, especially for a business with the multiplicity of detail and items of stock enumerated in the inventory of a modem pharmacy, is quite another matter. Any analysis of commercial phases of the drug business must be based upon fundamental facts, which may be held to include complete data as to gross sales and analyses of expenses and carefully worked out percentages of costs and profits, and these returns should be sufficiently numerous to cover representative sections of the country so as to get an average factor that will apply to the business generally. "With such information and statistics at his command, the specialist in account- ing should be able to deduce certain conclusions having a definite and positive value to the mer- chant. In this issue of the Era, Dr. John R. Wildman, of the School of Commerce and Accoimting of New York University, presents a summary of his study of data submitted by druggists relating to 500 con- secutive sales, as collated by this journal early in the year. The nub of this analysis appears in the following paragraph: "What the retail druggist needs to know is whether or not he is making 18 per cent on his money; whether to push certain lines, to discard them, or carry them only for accommodation; whether certain items of expense are too high or whether they may be legitimately increased and justified by increased profits." To what extent does the data supplied by the druggists answer these requirements? According to Dr. Wildmnn, it would appear that the drug- gist is creflili il wifli nwikitig more money than he really is, Jini! tli;it lie is being misled by a lack of knowledge in siiiiii> cases, or by an inadequate sys- tem or lack of system of accounting. Another sig- nificant fact brought out in the analysis of the 1 244 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [June, 1915 returns is tliat proprietary medicines constitute the most unsatisfactory line the druggist handles, because it ties up more capital than any other, and the percentage of profit is lower than that in any other line except cigars. All of these facts when correlated and placed in juxtaposition tend to show the direction the pharmacist's effort should take to evolve a well balanced business. It is just such analyses and critical studies that are needed to help further progress. SECRETS OF THE CHAIN STORE The purchase by the Riker-Jaynes Co. of four leading drug stores in Boston, Worcester, Spring- field and Holyoke, Mass. ; the announcement that the same company is seeking a store in Augusta, Me., and the Riker-Hegemau Co. is looking for a desirable location in Seranton, Pa., and has leased one of the most important downtown corners in New York City for another new store are recent developments in the chain store situation. The Liggett chain has sold three of its Baltimore, Md., stores, but will soon open a large store in Brooklyn. That there should be any connection between this branching out of the Riker-Hegeman and Riker-Jaynes chain almost simultaneously with the publication of an article in the Saturday Evening Post (issue of May 15) on "Secrets of the Chain Store" is too preposterous for belief. Yet one of our subscribers was moved to inquire : ' ' Why should the Saturday Evening Post advertise the chain stores from coast to coast ? ' ' The Saturday Evening Post article was interest- ing reading. It was written by Forrest Crissey, a young man of good reputation for accuracy and truthfulness. Mr. Crissey is a regular contributor on business topics to the Post. Therefore his inter- view purporting to be with the general manager of one of the large drug chains is of more than usual interest. The chain store general manager's advice, in this article, to independent drug retailers is, ' ' Fight the chain stores with their own methods. ' ' It is not unfair to the majority of independent drug retailers to say that many of them could take valuable lessons from the chain stores so far as suc- cessful merchandising is concerned. Nevertheless we believe that most of the Era druggists would rather die poor than stoop to the indefensible busi- ness tactics sometimes employed by the large drug store chains. In the first place, the chain stores have shown that they have but one purpose and that is to get what they want no matter how unscrupulous may be the means. This does not apply to all of the smaller chains, but is particularly true with refer- ence to some of the larger ones. What they do comes "within the law" but constitutes a code of business ethics that the average high-minded drug- gist would not approve of in his own business. A certain prominent location was controlled by an independent retail druggist for years. In fact he had spent the best part of a lifetime building up a successful trade in his locality. His lease had several years to run and it had been renewed by the landlord every five years almost automatically. But one day the general manager of the chain picked that particular location as a good one for his purpose and although the druggist still had several years of his lease remaining the chain store could afford to wait. They took an option on the lease at its expiration. Meantime the independent druggist went on with no knowledge of the fact that he was just building up a trade which would eventually help fill the coffers of the chain store system. Within just a few months of the expira^ tion of his lease he was notified that it would not be renewed and he was virtually turned out into the street and the years he had spent building up his business went for naught. This incident may sound as if it were an isolated case, but on the contrary it is just one of many such things that have occurred since the chain stores started their careers of greed. The same ruthlessness in business that characterized some of the big trusts is evident in the operations of the chain stores. Some druggists have been fortunate enough to sell out to them at a good profit, but the other way has more often been employed. If the chain store general manager quoted in the Saturday Evening Post means that independ- ent druggists should use such methods to fight the chain stores he will find that the average druggist has neither the money nor the inclination to obtain business success by such a piratical course. If he meant that independent retailers should use the chain store methods of merchandising their goods his advice should be well taken, because in all fair- 1 ness it must be admitted that they have sho^vn how i to make big profits in the drug business. ' THE PHOTOGRAPHIC DEPARTMENT The retail druggist is in many respects the bestl agent for cameras and photographic supplies. In the smaller towns, where there are no exclusi^ e photographic supply dealers, the druggist is usual- ly given first choice. Sometimes the stationer and bookseller is a close rival, but the druggist has the, advantage of longer hours and frequently has the best location, and what is more to the point he haa a knowledge of chemicals such as are used in pho- tographic processes. Even in the large cities, where there are high class photographic supply stores, the drug trade is considerable of a factor in the distribution _ of cameras, films, plates, developing and printing equipment and supplies. The chain store has ntfl been slow to take up the photographic line. In New York and other cities of the East the Riker- Hegeman and the Liggett stores have photograpliic departments. The Evans stores in Philadelphia the Dow stores in Cincinnati, the Judge & Doloh stores in St. Louis, the Taylor stores in Ijouisvillo— and many others might be added to this list— al) recognize the value of a photographic departmrnl as an adjunct of the retail drug business. It is time for the small retailor who compla nS of not making money to wake up to the trade pos- sibilities of such side lines. According to the m;u»i June. 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 245 ufacturers of cameras aud photographic materials wlio come in contact with the drug trade many druggists are not as well posted on photography as they should be to make a success of a photographic department. It is not essential that one be an ex- pert, but a reasonable amount of time and study nuist be given to this phiise of the business if one would make cei'tain of its being worth the time, trouble and expense given to it. The Pharmaceutical Era hopes to be of assist- ance to druggists who would like to become better posted on photography and the sale of photograph- ic supplies, and commencing with this i.ssue will publish each month a department devoted to that class of goods. All of this material will be written and edited with the principal idea of helping the druggist to make more money out of his photo- graphic department. For tho.se who are not handling these goods now it will have an occasional article which will explain the methods that suc- cessful druggists have adopted in making the pho- tographic department pay. "We will have the advantage of expert knowledge and are pleased to place this knowledge at the dis- posal of any druggists who have problems to solve. THE ERA NABCOTIC LIST Of direct service to the physician and phai-ma- cist is the Era Narcotic List, which presents in condensed form, all of the available data relating to the narcotic content of drugs and preparations coming under the application of the Harrison Law. This information, so far as the narcotic drugs and official preparations are concerned, is quite easily obtainable by anyone thoroughly familiar with the Pharmacopoeia and National Formularj^, but with those preparations manufactured by special form- ula or secret process, the desired facts are not so easily obtainable, and as a result, the physician and pharmacist, if they would keep their records as required by the law, must depend upon their owti ability to determine the facts, or they must utilize the declarations set forth by such manufacturers. The assembling of this information as it appears in the Era Narcotic List, has been one of consid- erable labor, but the results obtained justify the claim for the practical usefulness and convenience of the book. The data relating to pharmaceutical specialties and proprietary remedies are trust- worthy and those furnished by the manufacturers themselves. Altogether there is a total of some 1.600 official and proprietary drugs and prepara- tions. The book fills some 80 pages in vest pocket size and sells for 25 cents a copy. THE SEASON OF STATE CONVENTION'S A REFEREXCE to the Calendar of a.ssociation meet- ings which appears on another page of this issue of The Era. will quickly convince anyone, even if he has not been cognizant of the fact, that the con- vention season has now well begun, and from now until the heat of Summer begins to wane, the voice of the association member will be heard in the land. In other words, from now on until well along in September there will be a pharmaceutical or- ganization in session practically every week, and some weeks there will be held more than one con- vention. What have these to offer to the pharmacist? First, they afford avenues of mental improvement and physical recreation which are in many ways as important to pharmacists as food and drink. Hard working pharmacists too often are confined at busi- ness during long hours without the rest from their cares and relief from onerous duties that are pos- sible for other professional men, or from choice they will disregard the call of Nature to outdoor exertion and change of .scene until these means of recupera- tion are finally forced upon them. But the pharmacist who would get the most out of life must also contribute his share to the com- mon weal. Membership in a state association is not only a duty the individual pharmacivst owes to his calling; it is a duty he owes to himself. Local committees are putting forth every effort to make the attendance this year a record breaking one in point of numbers and work accomplished, for they fully realize that in legislative matters particularly they can hope for justice only by presenting a strong and well organized front. In the Empire State there are in round numbers practically 4,500 druggists, of whom only about 1.500 belong to the State association. Similar conditions exist in other States, and as the chairman of the membership committee of the N. Y. S. P. A. puts it, "not a stone shall be unturned until I have convinced every pharmacist of the necessity of co-operating with us." This kind of enthusiasm is infectious and the kind that wins in the long run. If you have not done so already, co-operate with your brother drug- gists by joining your State association and then attend the convention and learn how other pharma- cists meet conditions and overcome difficulties. TRUTHS OF INVESTMENT AND TURN-OVER The interest of many druggists in cost accounting methods is indicated by the following letter from Ray S. Sisson, of A. C. Sisson & Sons, druggists at Decker, Ind.: "Your article in the May, 1915 Era, "The Chain Store and the Small Retailer," has just been read by me for the third time. It is one of the best items you have published for quite a time. In the retail drug business of today and tomorrow the retailer is going to be confronted with more and more business prob- lems and such articles as this one, explaining as it does in detail some of the pointed truths of investment and turn-over must be learned and followed to be suc- cessful. "Eighty per cent, of our retailers could study that article with profit for with the rising costs, both of doing business and drugs, the retail druggist has got to "get wise" or else lose out. "Give us more items like this and others dealing with the financial and profit side of things and we will all be more obliged to you and the Era." Our answer to Mr. Sisson is to ask him to read the articles in this issue on "Building Retail Drug Business By Mail" and Dr. Wildman's comments on store accounting, as above referred to, and also the article in the next issue by W. F. French on "Stopping Little Drug Store Leaks." 246 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [June, 1915 Inquiry by The Era Eighty-five Retailers Keep Record of Five Hundred Consecutive Sales In Their Stores By Dr. JOHN R. WILDMAN" School of Commerce and Accounting, New York University. WHY should the retail druggist complain about hard times, keen competition, and the chain stores when he is making 18% on his money? This figure is the result of a tabulation of returns made by eighty-five (85) retail druggists on report forms sent out by The Pharmaceutical Era. Several hundred of these forms were distributed and the following data was asked for : The number of sales of (1) drugs and chemicals, (2) pro- prietary medicines, (3) drug sundries, (4) cigars and (5m miscellaneous goods, including candy, paints and oils, and all other sales not included above, omitting soda fountain sales, made in 500 consecutive sales, and the total cost and total selling price of each class. The form also asked the druggist for the percentage of his total sales which represented his expenses. A blank space was left for remarks. The returns represent twenty-eight (28) states and are well distributed geographically. They come from towns with popu- lations of one hundred and fifty (150) and cities of five mil- lions (5,000,000).? The results as representing the retail druggists of the coun- try as a whole must be considered as indicative only since the true situation is affected by the small number of reports and the fact that the test covers only five hundred (500) con- secutive sales in each case. Many circumstances such as the season of the year, weather conditions, special sales, etc., might also affect the showing where five hundred sales only form the basis for the investigation. The results might of course be considerably changed if the test were to be applied to the business of a year. Gross Profit 40 Per Cent According to the statistics compiled from these returns the retail druggist makes a gross profit of 40% on his sales or 72% on his cost. Whether the percentage be stated on sales or on cost makes little difference so long as one method or the other is consistently adhered to. Much discussion has been had in the past two or three years on this subject and it miist be said that the discussion is very largely an academic one. Stating the percentage on sales makes it impossible ever to show one hundred per cent (100%) profit since the profit may never be greater than the amount of the sales. Basing the percentage on cost makes it greater always than if based on sales and for such reason may be psychologically objectionable to the druggist who feels generally that he is falsely accused of large profits. Cost as the basis seems, however, to be more consistent than sales since it follows logically the method which the business man uses in fixing the selling price of his goods. It is also in keeping with the way in which he calculates the return on his investment. Figuring on the Cost By way of illustration, if a man invests $10,000.00 in bonds and sells them for $12,000.00, his profit is $2,000.00 or 20% on the investment. It is to be doubted if any intelligent in- dividual would use $12,000.00 as the basis for ascertaining his percentage of profit. Why then, the question may be asked, should gross profit be computed on sales? Out of consideration, however, for the two views that exist with regard to this matter, the results according to classes of goods, will, as tabulated below, show the percentages cal- culated on both bases; Drugs and Proprie- Drug Chem- tary Sun- Total icals Medicines dries Cigars Misc. Percentage of sales. .40 52 30 41 25 36 Percentage of cost ... 72 110 66 72 34 56 These results will perhaps throw no new light on the situa- Reveals Druggist Is ' ' What the retail druggist needs to know is whether or not he is making 1 8% on his money; what he is making money on and what he is losing on; whether to push certain lines ^ to discard them or carry them tion so far as the thoughtful proprietor is concerned. They will no doubt be of interest to the man who has in the past been too busy looking after the minor details of his business to consider whether or not it paid him to handle cigars. Profits on Cigar Department When one knows that the percentage of expense to sales as regards the eighty-five returns tabulated is 26.46% he may well consider the advisability of giving up his cigar de- partment on which his gross profit is 25%. The contrast is even more marked when the gross profit on cost in the case of cigars (34%) is compared with the percentage of expense to cost of goods (45.5%). Here surely is food for thought. Expenses, as reported, varied greatly. The lowest was 10% (based on sales), in the case of a store located in a to\\-n of 250 inhabitants, and said to be an estimate. The highest was 40% coming from a city with a population of 75,000. The average 26.46% is not inconsistent with results obtained by the National Retail Dry Goods Association in a similar in- vestigation with regard to the drug goods line in which case the percentage of expenses to sales was found to be 25.17%. Among other interesting facts developed by a study of the returns submitted by the retail druggists are the average sales by classes of goods and the percentages which the sales and cost of goods sold, respectively, by classes, bear to the total sales and cost of goods sold. These are shown below : Average Sale Sales Cost Drugs and chemicals . . . 35.5c 32.55% 27.00%. Proprietary medicines . . 40.5c 28.92% 30.33% . . 25,6c 19.65% 20.09% , , 13.3c 7.09% 9.28% 20.7c 11.79%) 13.30% Total 28.6c lOO.OO^o 100.00% Small Profits on Proprietaries These tables bring out sharply the fact that proprictan' medicines constitute the most unsatisfactory line which the druggist handles judged by the cases under consideration. While the average sale of this line is higher in amount than any other and the line ties up more capital in the handling of it than any other line tlie percentage of profit is lower than in any other case except cigars. The latter while yield- ing a smaller gross profit than other lines requires less capital than do others. The expense per sale as worked out from the data collected amounted to $.0757. The expense was 45.5% of the cost of goods sold; the net profit 26.6% of the cost of goods sold. It therefore follows that to the cost of his goods the druggist added 72% in order to arrive at the selling price and that on his investment, combining cost of goods and expenses, he made 18%. It appears from a study of the information gathered from eighty-five different sources tliat the retail druggist is making more money than he really is. This showing is probably due to the fact that the cost as figured in these isolated cases has been too low. Many items such as freight and cartage, de- preciation, etc., have probably been omitted. Lack of knowledge June, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 247 Lax on Modern Cost only for accommodation; whether certain items of expense are too high or whether they may be legitimately increased and justified by increased profits. — Dr. John R. Wildman, with regard to these matters probably accounts for some of these lapses; inadequate systems or lack of system for others. What druggist needs to know (fflc What the retail druggist needs to know is whether or not he is making 18*"^ on his money: what he is making money on and what he is losing on ; whether to push certain lines, to discard them or carry them only for accommodation ; whether certain items of e.xpensc are too high or whether they may be legitimately increased and justified by increased profits. ■'Facts not guess-work" should be the slogan. Nothing would give the retail druggist the facts which he needs so quickly as a properly planned and correlated system of accounts developed from an extensive and intensive study car- r>ing out the idea of work begun by The Pharmaceuti- c.\L Era in the recent test on a broad scale. THE PH.\RiiACEUTiCAL Era's mail inquiry of several hundred retail druggists as to the nature of 500 con- secutive sales made by each, formed the basis of a considerable part of a lecture on drug store accounting, de- livered by Professor John R. Wildman, of New York Univer- sity, at the May meeting of the New York College of Phar- macy. Eighty-four druggists responded to the Er.\'s ques- tions with the proper information, which was a classification of the 500 sales as to the departments in which they were made — drugs and chemicals, proprietary medicines, drug sun- dries, cigars or miscellaneous. The forms supplied the drug- gists also provided for a statement of the number of sales, the total cost, the total selling price and the per cent, of total sales representing expense. A space was left for remarks. The average gross profit on the 84 replies was about 40 per cent, of the selling price. The average cost of doing business was about 26 per cent, of the selling price. The cost of doing business ranged from 10 to 45 per cent. Pro- fessor Wildman asserted that the druggists giving the un- usually low cost of doing business merely estimated this factor. They thought that their cost of doing business ought to be about 10 per cent. A peculiar situation was developed in the Er.\'s interrago- tion as to cigars. A druggist in a city of 45,000 population re- ported fifty sales of cigars in his 500 consecutive sales, these sales totaling $10.75. His average cigar sale was 21i/2 cents. A druggist in a town of 150 population sold cigars to 16 cus- tomers, netting him $12.00, the average sale being 75 cents. Accounting Radically Wrong Professor Wildman's conclusion after going over the 84 replies was that there was something radically wrong with the system of accounting of some of the druggists. A letter accompanied one of the blanks. In it the druggist-writer stated that the idea was "a new one" to him. The expense I find seems horrible, yet I don't know what to do about it." Professor Wildman asserted that the druggist's method of ascertaining his present worth at the end of a certain period by the asset and liability method was a valuable one for the accountant, but extremely dangerous for the druggist. "It shows only a difference in condition." That the druggist should keep a record of his purchases. Accounting Methods New York Pharmacists Listen With Inte- rest to Dr. Wildman's Address at College of Pharmacy was Professor Wildman's contention. "Invoices are not al- ways pasted up. They are sometimes placed on file, and only their totals entered." He outlined on the board a form for keeping purchase records. It concluded the date, the pur- chase and a classification of the items in each purchase. The cash book, he contended, should provide a classification of receipts and disbursements; the journal should record the opening and closing of entries and adjustments. "Financial statements are not what the cash register gives you." "Proprietorship" is sometimes called present worth, was pointed out by the speaker. For example the following cal- culation : Sales $38.50 Cost of sales 25.00 Gross profit $13.50 Expenses 10.00 Net profit $ 3.50 Proprietorship 100.00 Proprietorship at end of certain period $103.50 Estimating Profits on Sales Professor Wildman avoided a technical discussion on how to estimate the profit on a sale, but said that he favored taking the profit on the cost, because the average layman pre- fers to build up on cost. "The balance sheet", he said, "is a good thing to have when you go to the bank to borrow money. It shows just how you stand, whether you are making or losing money, and why. It is one thing to sell at a loss ■with the knowledge of the fact and another thing to sell at a loss and not know it. He cited the case of a New York City manufacturer who produced a line of goods and figured his cost of production by lumping the entire cost, but without analyzing this total cost as to its various features. The manu- facturer had a good business, but went into the hands of a receiver. Professor Wildman was one of the accountants who discovered that one of this manufacturer's many articles had been sold at a price below the cost of production, the true cost never having been ascertained. This manufacturer's competitor in nearby Jersey knew his cost of production for that article, discovered he could buy it cheaper than he could make it, and accordingly gave up its manufacture and favored his competitor with his orders. This fact about a good busi- ness was not discovered until it had failed. Druggists Are Waking Up Chairman Clarence O. Bigelow, in the ensuing discussion, observed that not so long ago retail druggists gave little or no attention to bookkeeping, and the colleges of' pharmacy considered a technical equipment all that was necessary for the prospective druggist. Then, competition was not so se- vere. The advent of the chain store and new and up-to-date methods have awakened the retailer to the fact that he can not compete unless he pays some attention to the commercial side of his business. Mr. Bigelow recalled the delegation of fifty-two druggists, representing twenty-six states, which had visited Washington at the conclusion of the Spanish-American war and argued for the removal of the stamp tax on proprietaries and phar- maceutical specialties. He had been one of the delegates and before taking action wished to obtain inside information as to whether the retail druggist could afford the tax. To this end he visited the financial heads of most of the large whole- sale drug houses in New York City. Their replies varied only five per cent. Eighty-five per cent, of the retail druggist customers of those wholesalers at that time were considered m.solvent. In conclusion, Mr. Bigelow asserted, however, that the druggists are waking up and are paying more attention to the commercial end of their businea? 248 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [June, 1915 New Decision on Narcotic Law Quantity of Narcotic Drug That May be Dispensed or Prescribed — T. D. No. 2172 Revoked Commissioner of Internal Revenue W. H. Osborn recently sent to collectors and other officers of internal revenue the following treasury decisions relating to the enforcement of the Harrison Narcotic law ; Treasury Decision No. 2200 "The Act of December 17, 1914, provides that a physician, dentist, or veterinary surgeon registered under the provisions of the law may dispense or prescribe any of the narcotic drugs coming within its scope to patients upon whom he shall "personally attend," and "in the course of his professional practice only." "This office construes the words "dispensed, distributed, or prescribed," used in the act, as synonymous, and that a physician, dentist, or veterinary surgeon "dispenses" within the meaning of the law when he writes a prescription calling for any of the narcotic drugs to be filled by a registered dealer. "While the law does not limit or state the quantity of any of the narcotic drugs that may be so dispensed or pre- scribed at one time, it does provide that it shall be unlawful to obtain by means of order forms any of the aforesaid drugs for any purpose other than the use, sale, or distribution there- of, in the "conduct of a lawful business in said drugs, or in the legitimate practice of his profession." Further that all preparations and remedies containing narcotic drugs com- ing within the scope of this act are "sold, distributed, given away, dispensed, or possessed as medicines and not for the purpose of evading the intentions and provisions of this act," and it is further provided that it shall be unlawful for any person not registered to have in his possession or under his control any of the drugs, preparations, or remedies "which have not been prescribed in good faith by a physician, den- tist, or veterinary surgeon registered under the Act." "Therefore, where a physician, dentist, or veterinarian pre- scribes any of the aforesaid drugs in a quantity more than is apparently necessary to meet the immediate needs of a patient in the ordinary case, or where it is for the treatment of an addict or habitue to effect a cure, or for a patient suffering from an incurable or chronic disease, such physi- cian, dentist, or veterinary surgeon should indicate on the prescription the purpose for which the unusual quantity of the drug so prescribed is to be used. In cases of treatment of addicts, these prescriptions should show the good faith of the physician in the legitimate practice of his profession by a decreasing dosage or reduction of the quantity prescribed from time to time, while, on the other hand in cases of chronic or incurable diseases, such prescriptions might show an ascending dosage or increased quantity. Registered dealers filling such prescriptions should assure themselves that the drugs are pre- scribed in gnnd faith for the purpose indicated thereon and if iImn- i., i. ison to suspect that the prescriptions are writ- ten i M til' |iUi|iose of evading the intentions of the law, such dealtis ^hijuiil refuse to fill same. PHYSICIANS MAY ORDER REFILLS In reply to the inquiry of a Brooklyn druggist, Deputy Conuuissioner F, Speer, of the Treasury Department, Wash- inniii" I'. ' , makes the following ruling (under date of April ; ' 1 i I i ' " . iuered under the provisions of the Har- lisiiii 1 , lies to have a certain narcotic prescrip- tiiiii iM ^ the druggist's prescription number, he m;iv iii.li' ,i. Ill- 1 iiiilicr on th. luevieriptioii blank and this would be considered as an ••: r il i r < -.i i i] 't m , pn.\idcd however, the name and addn ' ■! i itieiii ilu .Lite, and the ii.inie atul address of the pl;\,Mi i.ui and his registry num- b.a- MM" II tl 1 leon. Ill 1 1 -e a druggist must have on file a prescription rallin ; Pn narcotic preparation and it is unlawful to re- fill original prescriptions except as indicated above. Osage Orange as a Source of Dye Osage orange, much planted for hedges in many parts of the country, especially from Indiana southward to Texas, is proposed by Director Howard F. Weiss, of the Forest Labora- tory, Madison, Wis., as a valuable source of yellow dye. Il is stated that manufacturers have demonstrated the prac- ticability of the product for dyeing fabrics various shades of orange and yellow, and that its use will tend to relieve the scarcity of material for dyeing purposes caused by the embargo on German exports of dyes. .\ ljulletin giving de- tails of extracting the dye from the wood and other informa- tion will soon be issued. MAKING LIME-SULPHUR CONCENTRATE Investigations for the purpose of encouraging orchardists in the preparation of lime-sulphur concentrates for their own use or in the neighborhood have led to the wide use of this spray material, says the U. S. Department of Agriculture Bul- letin No. 197, "Homemade Lime-Sulphur Concentrate." It is of relatively little importance except for economy in storage space how dense or heavy a concentrated solution is made because it can be readily diluted in conformity with the pur- pose for, which it is to be used. To this a Baume' hydrometer is used, the stem of which has a graduated .scale. When the hydrometer is introduced into the concentrated lime-sulphur it sinks to varying depths according to the density of the liquid. In the experiments conducted it was found the Baume' hydro- meter should register 33 to 34° in the highly concentrated so- lution, as later here described. A great variation in density, from 25 to 31°, of the ordinary homemade product was re- corded in the experiments, where the usual 50-100-50 formula was used. The amount of sediment left from the lime and sulphur varied widely, 35 to 50 per cent. One of the homemade cooking plants used in the experi- ments consisted of a 12-horsepower boiler from which steam was conducted into two 50-gailon barrels. Xo coils were used in the bottoms of the barrels, the steam being emitted through the open end of a straight pipe extending within a few inches of the bottom of the barrel. Small batches of the 50-100-50 formula, amounting to 25 gallons of the finished product, were cooked at a time. About 20 gallons of water were put into the barrel, the steam turned on, and the water brought to the boiling point. The lime was then put in and after it had begun to slake the sulphur was added. The mix- ture was stirred thoroughly throughout the time of cooking which lasted an hour. It was allowed to settle about 12 hours and then the clear solution was siphoned off. The sludge or sedi- ment was put into a cider press and the clear solution pressed out, using 10-ounce canvas cloth for filter. In these experi- ments commercial ground sulphur and a good grade of lime was used. The 50-100-50 formula, meaning 50 pounds lime, 100 pounds of sulphur and water to make 50 gallons of the concentrated solution, has generally been recommended for the preparation of home-boiled concentrated lime-sulphur solution. A good grade of fresh limestone, containing not less than 90 per cent, calcium oxid, is necessary for the best results. Hydrated lime is sometimes used but it is necessar\' to obtain a good grade and at least 20 per cent, more of this form of lime, as it contains a high percentage of moisture. .\ highly concentrated solution may be made, by using the lime and siiliihur at the ratio of 1 to 2, but with reduced ci'iintitirs 1.1 water. The formula used in some of the com- nu 1. I ll Imie-snlphur manufacturing plants is SO pounds of fnsh stdiie lime. IdO jiounds of commercial ground sulphur, and water iii m iki 50 gallons of the finished product. Solu- tions pi4 (le-i,,^ r.aume', as explained above, and there is about 5it per ,,nt in volume of sludge after allowing the solution 1" > 1 i i 2A hours. There is only about 5 per cent, to 10 I'ei cent, in volume of insoluble materials. The Norwich Pharmacal Co., Nor%\-ich. Conn., or New York, Chicago and Kansas City, is offering to pharmacists a display stand for its product. "UnKuentine." This company calls attention to the fact that "Unguontine" is employed wherever there are physicians or hospitals. Sales stimulation is the purpose of the display stand offered. June, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 249 Building Retail Drug Business by Mail Using Uncle Sam to Cultivate the Fertile Field Near Home; How the Retail Druggist Can Build Up Trade in His Community By CARL C. IRWIN" Copyright 1915 by Carl C. Irwin. This is the first of a series of nine articles by Carl C. Irwin on "Building Retail Drug Business By Mail." The others will follow in order as fol- lows: July — "How To Get the Customer Into the Store." August — "Organizing the Work On a Practical Basis." September — "The Machiner>' and Equipment Needed." October — "How To Classify a Mailing List." November — "How To Collect Names For a Mailing List." December — "How To Prepare the Direct-Mail Literature." January — "Service To the Customer." February — "Co-operation To Break Down the Influence of the Mail-Order House." The Era has a limited number of reprints of the first article of this series on hand, and will gladly supply requests for same. THREE druggists, all from different towns in Texas, met in the smoker of the pullman bearing them East In the e.xchange of business experiences, the conversa- tion turned to parcel post and its effect on the retail dealer. One of the men who had a drug store in a small town said: "Until recently, I have been bitterly opposed to parcel post. I could see where one thing after another was making it harder ever>' day to get business; and when the measure went through I believed that it would be just that much easier for the mail-order house and the large city store to come down in- to my territory and annex my trade. "It was apparent to me that anything I could send out in the way of a catalog or other litera- ture would be like cheap glass to a diamond as compared with the elaborate matter circulated by the larger firms. "When the parcel post be- came an actuality I felt that it was the beginning of the end for the small druggist — that is until I waked up and saw behind the catalog. Once I got that from in front of me and beheld the rich, virgin field, which heretofore had scarcely been scratched, I re- alized that the country druggist can, by the proper cultivation of that field, continue to be the big vital factor in the distribution of driig store merchandise in his community for years to come." "I don't see how you figure that out," objected the second druggist. "Only last month I lost seven hundred dollars giving parcel post a thorough try-out. I selected five thousand names in the territory just outside my regular trade circle — new people I wanted to get, you understand — and sent them as nice a little catalog as you would want to see. Do you know what I got out of it? Seventeen orders: I tell you there is nothing in parcel post for the small druggist." "Well, I haven't given it a trial as yet," remarked the third druggist, "for this reason ; I think anything I could do in a mail-order way would be practically cutting the ground from under my feet. "If I go to work and educate my customers to buy their goods by mail — if they get the habit of reaching for ;i catalog every time they want anything — isn't that throwing (lie busi- ness directly to the big firms which have the finer catalogs and the larger and more varied assortments of merchandise? "But," he continued turning to the first man, "I am always ready to be convinced. How did you find a way to get busi- ness by mail?" "By looking behind the catalog. I imagine that both of you think just as I did. You see a 'bogie man' when the idea is mentioned to you. "Say 'building retail business by mail' to you and it im- mediately leaves an impression of parcel post, a big catalog, a great pile of orders on your desk every morning and a wagon load of packages going out through a local post office every night. Now isn't that true?" "I thought so," he smiled as they nodded their heads in as- sent. "And it is because you have the wrong viewpoint. You are constantly planning to follow the mail order house methods in- stead of trying to combat them. What chance have you to race with gigantic organizations which have a start of years and years?" "That is one of the reasons I haven't tried it," interrupted the third man. "Here's the idea," continued the first druggist, "We re- tail druggists should use the mails, not so much to distribute our goods to the consumer, as to bring the consumer to our goods. "Years ago," he went on, "when there was plenty of land, we skimmed the cream by rais- ing cattle on the fields of grass that grew without attention on our part. Now we almost nurse those same fields; but they are a hundred times more valuable to / liave been bitterly opposed to parcel post' "The drug business — I mean of course, the merchandise end — is something like that. We've been content to have the customer come in voluntarily and ask us to sell him goods — a sort of grazing off the top of our field. But our job in the future is to plow into our trade field with Uncle Sam's mail. "Sow it with seeds of 'here's a new thing you ought to have.' "Cultivate it with 'You ought to use not only tooth paste to keep your teeth and gums healthy but our throat wash as weir. "Throw on the light of reason why 'You can buy more satiifactorily from us.' "Fertilize it with 'Jim don't your feet feel a lot better with 250 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [June, 1915 those arch supports we sold you a few weeks ago?" "Irrigate it with 'The one way to get safe, simple home remedies is to come where you know the man who puts them up don't send away and get goods of doubtful quality!' That is the way I use the mails to make my business grow." This merchant was simply expressing a rapidly growing sentiment among keen-witted druggists that is finding ex- pression everywhere in the closer cultivation of the trade at home. . Not in many years has there been so complete a revolu- tion of trade tactics, such a totally different attitude toward the regular and the prospective customers ; such a deep in- terest in the means and devices for coaxing trade through the mails, as that which is taking place in the stores where the druggist has caught a glimpse of tlie great possibilities of the uncultivated field right at his door. The basic idea of the movement to build retail business by mail is first a diversified classification in both of the customers and the prospective customers, and then a direct appeal to each individual class to buy certain merchandise. A city directory will give one a list of all the people in town; but classi- fied for use in a mail campaign, the names are arranged so that the dealer can conveniently send any piece of lit- erature to the entire list, or just the regular customers, or just the women, or just the unmarried women or just nurses. A direct appeal to nurses exclusively, to buy something in which all nurses are interested or need, is going to get big returns. There is no waste circu- lation and the missive can easily be couched in terms which will cause each nurse to believe that it has been writ- ten solely to her. The retailer, by this careful classifi- cation of the names in his lists, puts himself in a position to build a business by mail on any particular kind of mer- chandise by appealing directly to the people who have use for it. With the names of all the young, un- married men in town it is really a sim- ple matter to build up a high-price box candy trade by going directly to these young chaps by mail, and educating them to a wider practice of giving good candy. The same matter in a newspaper ad- vertisement would shoot over the heads of three fourths of the readers. Or a druggist in a tourist town may be heavy on souvenir goods but light on tourist trade. What surer way to remedy this — to build trade among the tourists than to direct a volley of ad- vertising matter to the daily hotel guest lists. In newspaper advertising, one must talk to all who read ; but by mail the dealer selects the individual or the individual class. Neverthe- less, the newspaper is a most essential medium which must not by any manner of means be neglected. The use of the mails for direct purposes is of the specialization character. The gen- eral campaign must be kept with equal persistence and, more- over, with intelligent discrimination. In the almost unlimited number of methods used in building retail business by mail, parcel post, while not the main issue in itself, plays no small part in the program In fact parcel post has been the incentive for the activity among the drug- gists who are now making a success in building their business by mail. Till II uMi iti^ed benefits of the zone system to the ( nul l I I IS led thousands to try different plans li I : 1 1 1 rel post. .\ l iH. Mi I'lisiness expert in giving explanations why the average druggist cannot successfully get out his own cata- log says: "The primary obstacle is its great cost per copy created largely by the limited issue. The preliminary cost is the same whether the edition is large or small. If the expense of preparing the catalog is $1,000 and only 2,000 copies are printed the preparatory cost of SO cents per copy becomes a burden. If the same preparatory work went into an edition of 30,000 the preparatory cost would shrink to three and one third cents. "The big mail-order catalogs run into the hundreds of thousands — even millions — and the average druggist cannot compete with them in appearance, size or low cost of pro- duction." On the other hand there is a certain small town in which all the merchants are making a success of a monthly bulletin sent out co-operatively. Previous to the adoption of the bulletin, there was much petty jealousy and very little individual effort to get any business except that which came easily and in large part voluntarily. The largest private mailing list was less than 500 and the radius of the territory was about seven miles. One live druggist started the ball rolling by calling on his neighbors and inviting them to attend a mass meeting of the business men. There the plan was pro- posed and finally adopted after much backing and filling on the part of some of the dealers. Every family within a zone made by drawing an imaginary circle twenty- five miles from the town in every di- rection, receives a copy of the monthly bulletin. Every business house is rep- resented in the advertising section and the expense is pro-rated according to the amount of space used. The concerted invitation to come to that town to trade, backed up by the advantage of trading there in person if possible or next best to send the order to be filled by parcel post has been the cause of many dollars rolling into the tills of the business man which would never have gone there as the result of individual effort. Here par- cel post is successfully used to distri- bute goods especially to the extreme boundaries of the zone. In a recent broad inquiry among all classes of merchants in the medium and smaller towns as to how parcel post had affected them, the replies indicated that the great majority of retailers, in- dependent of their location, feel that they have benefited from the service. The chief benefits appear to be a re- duction in both mail and e.xpress rates permitting a more liberal patronage of the jobbers and manufacturers who carry goods in stock — result: Cheaper prices to the consumer or greater as- sortments carried on the same invest- ment: and second a tremendous saving in the cost of delivering goods to the consumer. The latter benefit permits the druggist to deliver his goods almost anywhere free: it also enlarges the possibilities of extending a mail order business especially on si, i pie articles and those in which style and fit are not of i>riiin- importance. With it established that parcel post is beneficial to him in a general way and that the great danger lies in the attempt to publish :i citalo;.; on his own incentive, the live druggist begins to iiiimiit l\ iine.stigate his stock to find which of the items can .■-111 1 ' --lulK W sold by parcel post. Nr\i lii st.irts the collection of a classified list of all the nanus of his customers and his prospective customers so that he can both distribute certain items by parcel post and through other mail mediums attract new trade to the store. Through the mediums of parcel post, the local druggist can often, either undersell or give quicker service to his trade than the far-away mail order house. .\ certain good sized drug store each spring disposes of a great quantity of blood purifiers by sending a folder to all the people on the rural routes offer to mail the various brands described on receipt of a telephone order or on the enclosed order blank. Everybody gets a copy of the monthly bulletin" Jl-ne. 1915] THE PHxVRMACEUTICAL ERA 251 In a like manner a thousand and one other items in the average drug store can be successfully sold by parcel post because unlike a dry-goods store no elements of style or fit is essential to sell them. Here the faster service or the lower mailing cost beats the mail-order house providing the prices are approximately the same. Because of his intimate knowledge of his customers, his prospects or their needs, the retailer often had a tremendous advantage over the mail-order house. To illustrate; Jake Burns is a farmer who has a sickly son for whom he buys an emulsion. Usually he buys from the Jenkins drug store five miles away. Business happens to take him to a town ten miles from home where he buys a half a dozen bottles from Smith, the druggist, who keeps a record of the purchase. Si.x weeks later. Smith in a follow-up letter offers to dupli- cate the previous sale, and send the emulsion — charges paid if Jake will send the money— and Jake does. Another illustration: Smith knows his country: He knows how a hard rain kicks the bottom out of the country roads; how the farmers' feet sink to the ankles in tlie barn lot; how it's hard to get to town; how colds follow a cold spring rain, and he is prepared in advance for exactly that kind of a down pour. Just when the ground is the wettest, the rural mail carriers leave Smith's well illustrated circular of cold remedies "Ready to mail you the minute we get your telephone order" at every farm house within miles of Smith's town. But where there are hundreds of similar ways for the druggist to use parcel post successfully to distribute mer- chandise, there are actually thousands of other plans when he employs the " mails" in the broad sense to bring the customers into the store. It's a good thing for Smith to sell cold cures by parcel post to Fred Simkins; but if by the same effort he could have brought Fred and his family into the store, it would have been infinitely better. So it is in the broader use of the mails that druggists "When fit and style are essential" everywhere are most deeply interested. No longer do we find the equipment in the office of the modem drug store limited to books, a cash register and perhaps a typewriter — new ad- ditions have appeared. In this comer is an addressing machine; more than one 1 second is its speed. Over here is the machine which makes the druggist his own printer. Silently, yet with a speed of several thousand an hour, it will manufacture any of the score of inside forms used by the clerks or at the operator's desire will produce advertising folders, circulars, post-cards ar perfect imitation typewritten letters. And in that wall of filing cabinets there is more than just mere names — there is probably more concrete information of value to the store than in the heads of all the clerks com- bined. Those cabinets contain the mailing list — the druggist's "Smith's well-illustrated circular of cold remedies." field of golden opportunity and it seems the more he culti- vates it the richer he grows. G. A. S. PLAN- SUMMER OUTING Will Go on June 17 to College Point, Long Island The annual summer outing of the German Apothecaries Society will be held on Thursday, June 17, at Witzel's Pa- vilion, College Point, Long Island, it was announced at the May meeting of the society in New York City. First Vice President Paul F. Gebicke presided at the meeting in the absence of President Robert S. Lehman, who was en route to Porto Rico. Two or three references to the war in Europe were made. American newspapers were said to be unfair to the German cause and a communication from the Printers' & Publishers' Association asked members to buy shares in a project to es- tablish "a real American newspaper." Many subscribed. The German Sailors' Home, Hoboken, N. J., sent models of the cruiser Emden as souvenirs for the members, which were purchased to help sailors out of work. Treasurer Fred Schaefer reported contributions totaling $104 to aid East Prussian refugees in Germany. C. R. Meissner, an importer, requested that a circular letter be sent to President Wilson suggesting an embargo on the exportation of arms and ammu- nition to Europe. A thousand letters were ordered printed and they are to be sent to members. The death of former President Felix Hirseman was offi- cially announced. Eulogies of Mr. Hirseman were made and resolutions of sympathy to be sent to the family were adopted. Attendance at funerals of deceased members was declared by Dr. Charles F. Klippert to be too small. Hereafter postal cards will announce funeral arrangements to the members. Other matters discussed were the Saengerfest in Brooklyn, for which tickets were purchased by many members present; the evening courses in pharmacy at the New York College of Pharmacy, which Prof. Curt P. Wimmer said are very suc- cessful and well attended; the separation of professional and commercial pharmacy, which will be reported on at length by C. X. Lehman of Tottenville, Staten Island, at the Buffalo convention of the New York State Pharmaceutical Association in June. Louis H. Wwensttin, 748 Tenth avenue, New York City, was elected a member. Frederick E. Niece, chairman of the committee on pharmacy and queries. New York State Ph. A., which convenes in Buf- falo this year, announces that the committee will hold a special session, in charge of the chairman on the afternoon of Wednesday. June 30,' the programme being confined to the reading and discussion of submitted papers. 252 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [June, 191:, Selling Summer Drug Specialties Some of the More Salable Things in the Pharmacy During Warm Weather and How to Push Them By EMMA GARY WALLACE AFTER the numerous needs of vacationists are filled and these people have departed for their holiday season, the majority of stores find a period of comparative quiet in regular drug store lines. We all knovir the hurry and flurry incident to getting trav- elers started on their journey forth from our own homes and we remember likewise the period of quiet which invari- ably follows when we are prone to sit down and take a long breath before we tackle the job of putting the house to rights and starting in once more with the regular daily rou- tine. Exactly the same is true in business. After the spring rush we are too likely to yield to the temptation to take it easy for a while. Then when business is slow, we persuade ourselves comfortably that "There is nothing doing." In reali- ty there is plenty to do, plenty of sales to make, and plenty of people to supply if we will only go after this trade in earnest. Let us not forget that it is quite as profitable as that of any other portion of the year. While your public goes vacationing elsewhere, there are many people who will come to your locality to spend some of their holiday time. What have you to offer these people which will tempt them to make purchases on the spot, thus leaving their cash with you? Selling Gift Novelties As the years pass by, people are growing wiser and more forehanded. They do not put things off until the last minute. "Shop early" crusades reflect this spirit. Everybody is look- ing for good values, and it is becoming more and more cus- tomary for the traveler to pick up interesting little souvenirs of his vacation or travels and to present them later to his friends for birthday, Christmas, and similar gifts. You will notice that the dry goods stores usually have a sale of blankets in July or August and a white goods sale in January or Feb- ruary. People anticipate their needs in such lines, why not in ours? Have a table in the center of the store or a counter ad- vantageously placed, devoted to the use of gift novelties. Prominent among these should be some characteristic souve- nirs of the town, — historical, industrial, or geographical, for people like to have their gifts carry a special thought. The as- sortment need not be large but it should be fairly varied. Many goods which have been carried over from the Christmas stock can be used here, cleaning them up, releasing the money invested, and making room for something else later. If bar- gain prices prevail it will help move things along. Other Interesting Side-lines Among the more readily salable things will be post card albums and local post card views ; toilet articles in silver, ivory, decorated china, and colonial glass; cunning little hot water bottles of diminutive size or shaped like small rabbits; atomizers; cut glass toilet jars; potpourri jars filled with fragrant spiced rose leaves; small, suitable pieces of souvenir china bearing local views, delicately colored; brush trays, etc.; leather goods; choice brushes; and any small, salable novelty which will appeal to a fair number of buyers. One drug store of which we know, is making a very satis- factory summer special of aluminum coffee percolators. Toilet Goods Well Displayed Remunerative A good toilet soap made in the shape of a small kewpie, packed in a neat, litllr. uMimc; imx proves a rradv .scllrr; little sachet bags <.f ^<]\•.v., M,,,-. and pink cliilToii lir.l with ribbon to match, Sdl.l i lii <,! s.k lu-t ii.iwdcr and dried l.ixciulcr flowers which had \ were not buying much sachet material. She argued that they would be glad to do so if they thought about it, so in iicr spare time she made five dozen of these dainty, little bags, secured the loan of a velvet- lined, mahogany chiffonier drawer, tossed a dozen dainty hand- kerchiefs into this drawer, part of them unfolded so as to dis- play their filmy fineness, placed three or four of the fragrar. ■ bags beside them, proppecl the drawer up at the back with couple of seidlitz powder boxes, scattered the rest of th sachets around the violet-covered window floor, marked ther 15c, and sold the lot within a few hours. As she remarke' to her superior in charge, "The firm had been hiding it light under a bushel." People are on the street more in summer than in winter They cannot spend large sums every time they go out, bu if they see smaller things which appeal, they will readily mak frequent purchases. Bath Luxuries This is the time of the year when fine bath supplies of all kinds find ready sale. Feature a bath room spray that can be attached to the ordinary bath-tub faucet. Be sure th • goods offered are right. Point out what it is going to mea: in health and comfort before the summer is over. Displa them, advertise them, talk about them as a health and corr.- fort measure, and you will be surprised how rapidly thes- will move along. A Combination Set of a spray, a bath-tub seat, and a goo bath sponge at an alluring price will sell many of these ar- ticles. Of course to make the combination price pull, ar- ticles must be only sold separately at the regular prices, which brings the price of the three sold separately considerably in excess of the special offer. A good sanitary hair brush, an electric curler, a bottle o: shampoo, and a good, stout comb, also makes another good summer combination. Warm weather is the best time to sell these curling appliances which are simple to use and ef- ficient as well. The regular bathing caps, water proof bath suit bags, an similar supplies will be featured in the window displays fr^ quently. This is the time to push the sale of soaps, talcu: powders, creams, complexion lotions, and hand cleaning pasti> or moist soaps for the automobilist. The Fly and Insect Nuisance This is the time when the fly gets in its deadly work. The trouble is that people do not put on their screens early enough and do not keep them on late enough and they do not g' • after the flies soon enough. This season there are sever improvements in the articles offered for fighting flies. Poi: these out to your customers, advertise them, and sell T goods from the beginning of the season to the end. One i' will carry as many as 6,500.000 germs and deposit a good number in the food and milk pitcher over which it craw - One fly may cost several lives. Tell your customer this! Gardens will soon be infested with potato bugs, cabba- worms, tomato grubs, and other discriminating pests whit arrive to feed upon our choice products. What have you t ' offer your ( ust.nners to destroy these witli the least time ar. i trouble? Wiiatever your locality, there are sure to be garde:; pests. The government has spent much money to show peop how to fight tliese. If you do not know just what you w,i to recommend, write to the U. S. Department of Agricuitu: Division of Publications, and ask them for a list of Farmer- Bulletins. This should be sent to you without delay. Weed Exterminators From among the several hundred prepared by experts, yc i will find what you want, whetlier it be on Weeds and How Kill Them, Garden Disease on the Pacific Coast, PotT Culture. Insects Affecting Tobacco. Methods of Exterminati- the Texas Fever Tick. Spraying for Apple Diseases and t Coddling Moth in the Ozarks. How to Destroy Rats, what not. you will find authority to back your recommend - June. 191 5 J THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 253 tions. It only takes a few minutes to write for these things and you may learn what to recommend for a troublesome evil. The people who are attending to these things are ob- liged to take their vacation some other time. They are on the job now, furnish them with what they need. Qualify as expert advice so that the people will come to your store con- fident they will get the right thing. Summer Lubricants With the great number of autos, motorcycles, and other power-driven vehicles now traveling our roads, there is ex- tensive call for lubricating oil, not a small, ten cent bottle sold occasionally, but gallons furnished continuously in propor- tion to the distances traveled. Stores which carry paints and oils or feature automobile accessories will do wtli to con- sider lubricants. It is a profitable allied side line and it is eminently "summer trade." If necessary, delivery can be readily arranged and still have a satisfactory profit on the goods sold. The Baby's Needs Do not forget tlie baby's needs. The drug store is the legitimate headouarters for these. There should be constantly in stock an assortment of the most approved nursing bottles, nipples, cleaning brushes, sterilizers, pasteurizers, foods of various kinds, sugar of milk, beef extracts, liquid peptonoids, and other things necessarv- to keep the baby well, or help get him well if he is unfortunate enough to fall ill. The woman in the drug store will be eagerly consulted by the mother who wishes to have apparatus explained or who is in doubt on minor details. Many times a young mother is not clear in her own mind concerning her doctor's directions, and she may prefer to ask the "Woman in the drug store" just what sterilizing and pasteurizing mean, rather than to display her want of knowledge to some one who expects she knows all about it. Among all the work done in the summer time in the drug store, none is more important tlian that of furnishings supplies for the feeding of the children who must be artificially nourished. A "Baby Week" Suggested Make your store the headquarters for infant supplies — ab- solutely pure bicarbonate of soda, lime water, suppositories, soda mint tablets, rhubarb and soda mixture, chalk mixture (always freshly prepared), spiced rhubarb, spice plasters, vase- lines, castor oil, witch hazel, olive oil, milk of magnesia, es- sence of pepsin (for making whey), boric acid solution, etc. ad infinitum. Why not have a Baby Week and give a souvenir to each child brought personally to the store? Keep a register of small visitors and their birthdays. It will be valuable later on. Make every mother feel this is the place where she can wait comfortably or obtain the best medi- cines and baby goods for the little one in whom her interest and love are centered. A Fourth of July Window for the Drug Store THIS year of all otliers it seems especially apropos to pay particular attention to the Fourth of July, the spirit of American independence, and American freedom. We are on the edge of we know not what. Head lines of every paper are eagerly consulted. Perhaps as never before, we appreciate the peace and prosperity which is ours. The fol- lowing window will not be difficult to arrange and will be unusual enough to attract attention. Build the window base by having three boards nearly the length of the window and each a little shorter than the other. With bricks or bo.xes make suitable end rests for these boards so that you will have three steps of graduated length. Cover these three steps with red, white, and blue bunting, letting it come out to cover the entire window base. Put the two cards upon the top step and fasten them in a slightly slanting position. Between these cards place a flag rest or any small contrivance into which the flag staffs of three flags may be thrust and held firmly. The central flag should have a staff at least a foot longer than the other two. The folds of the two shorter flags should rest gracefully on the top of the cards. Upon these steps display goods which will show up plainly against the background. For example, on each end of the lower step put a tall, handsome bottle or ornamental jar of fancy candies. Upon the comers of the step above put smaller glass jars of gum, package chocolate, or anything which will appeal to those celebrating our national birthday. Open boxes and baskets of fancy confections will finish this part of the showing. Down upon the window floor and next to the glass lay a row of giant fire crackers, the kind which open and show the interior filled with candy. Leave one or two open to display the contents. .At one side place a jardinere filled with small flags and mark them 10c each. At the other side balance this with an immense show bottle filled with red, white, and blue liquid so that the layers are very distinct, even although rest- ing one against the other. This will attract much attention. From time to time directions for preparing such a display globe have appeared in the magazines. Or. if this is too much trouble, build a small fortress of bars of castile soap leaving loop holes through which bottles of malt or other preparations having similar shaped containers are thrust to simulate guns. Have two cards printed of equal size. If they are made four feet high and two feet wide they will be none too large. Upon one of them have Van Dyke's lilting little poem in- scribed entitled "America For Me." There are but three verses and they are as follows: "Oh. London is a man's town, there's power in the air; And Paris is a woman's town, with flowers in her hair; And it's sweet to dream in Venice, and it's great to study Rome; But when it comes to living, there is no place like home. I know that Europe's wonderful, yet something seems to lack; The past is too much with her, and the people looking back. But the glory of the present is to make the future free — We love our land for what she is and what she is to be. Oh. it's home again, and home again, America for me ! I want a ship that's westward bound to plow the rolling sea, To the blessed Land of Room Enough beyond the ocean bars, . Where the air is full of sunlight and the flag is full of stars." These may be printed or written in a large, firm hand. Wherever these verses have been printed they have struck a patriotic note and called forth unbounded enthusiasm. Upon the other card have the following appear in plain letters: MADE IN AMERICA Let us be loyal to home industries. Whether they are national or local, they should be encouraged. Buy Made In America goods and BUY THE:M at HOME 254 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [June, 19].-. Manufacture of Toilet Preparations By DR. JUSTIN S. BREWER, MINNEAPOLIS {Concluded jrom page 84, February Era) Now we will take up the subject of greasy cold creams. These are the most valuable of any agents than can be applied to the skin because they supply the very necessary nourishment that is oftentimes washed out of the skin by soap and water. Especially are they beneficial for the face and hands, which are more frequently bathed than any other part of the body. Soap seems to take the natural oils from the skin and some- thing is necessary to replace that natural oil, otherwise the skin becomes chapped, rough and hard. The most beneficial type of these greasy cold creams is the rose water ointment. From my standpoint, almond oil and pure beeswax are just the right combination to give the softening effect that you want. This combination seems to be more readily absorbed by the skin than anything else. This rose water ointment will undoubtedly live through the years of mineral oil creams. Ask any one in charge of these beauty parlors where they use large quantities of cream and almost every one of them will tell you, if they have used the old rose water ointment, that it is the best of any of a long list. But we have one great objec- tion to rose water ointment from a merchandising standpoint and that is that it doesn't keep and will not retain its smooth glossy appearance for any length of time. That has opened up the way to a very important industry in greasy cold cream. Now good greasy creams are articles which will keep anywhere from six months to two years according to the combination and skill used in their manufacture. A good cream of this type should be composed of imported Russian white mineral oil, pure beeswax, perhaps a little ceresin wax to intensify the whiteness (although it is not to be recommended), borax and distilled water, or rose water. This will give you an ideal cream and one which will stand up, as I said before, anywhere from six months to a year, or two years, depending upon the exactness of the proportions and the method of sealing the jar, and upon other less important elements which enter into the question. These creams are beneficial to the skin although they are not as good as rose water ointment, — they are practically neutral. They contain nothing that can be in- jurious in any respect. You will be asked whether this class of creams is injurious to the skin; if they will grow hair. You are perfectly safe in saying they are not. These creams are not going to intensify the growth of the hair. Mineral cream is one which will give genuine satisfaction all around and one which you need not be afraid to recommend at all times. As a perfume for this, use oil of rose synthetic, or true or artificial rose geranium, with a little pinch of something else to sweeten it. Price Dependent on Quality The matter of price is somewhat dependent upon the quality, but manufacturers have created a standard for prices: 2-ounce jars should not cost more than 25 cents, and 4-ounce jars not more than SO cents. Theatrical cream is usually put up in one-quarter and one pound cans. Theatrical cold cream con- tains a little more water and oil, to make it soft, because it was formerly used to remove the makeup of theatrical people. In other words, it is a sort of a wash to wash off colors. Now, we come next to a very important kind of cream, and that is the rolling massage cream. 1911 seemed to have been a year of great activity in rolling massige cream. There are Vwo types of this kind of casein massage cream made from milk or dry casein extracted from sweet skimmed milk. The butter fat in pure sweet milk is just sufficient to keep this cream from hardening and drying up. A cream made from casein from skimmed milk dries up much more quickly. If you start with sweet milk you have the advantage of a lack of odor which skimmed milk may develop if it has grown a little sour. To the milk add borax, which of course is a solvent for casein, and warm to about 50°, then pour in a solution of alum. Other precipitants are used, such as acetic acid, but alum seems to work the best. The whole should be stirred occasionally for 10 or 15 minutes and the casein allowed to .settle .ukI tlic liquid drained from the top, then the whole mass i^ tin own on fine silkoline or cheese cloth and allowed to dr^iin. iiul then for every gallon of milk used, employ about five gallons of pure water for washing, because you must take out the excess of alum used to precipitate the casein- After you are sure that all traces of alum have been removed, throw the casein into a press and squeeze out ali the moisture you can get out by pressure. You can readih gauge this by weighing the amount of water you take awa\ from it before you put it in the press. Each gallon of milk should yield two pounds of rolling massage cream. After you have got the excess moisture squeezed out, the residue shouk; be placed into some kind of mixing machine. It is a very hare matter to mix in a mortar, in fact, it is almost impossible You must use some kind of a dough or paste mixer. Ther ■ is a machine on the market used for paints that works abc ; as well as anything there is. This may be run either by h:; power or electric power. Add a certain percentage of b' : acid. Some have tried to make this cream using borax f they got nothing but a gelatinous, rubber-like mass. B' acid keeps the cream in the proper condition and will pres^-: it indefinitely. Some manufacturers also add a small quani of sodium bicarbonate first and then afterwards boric acid ; a little sodium benzoate. The combination of sodium benzr and boric acid works better than boric acid alone. These crei: are not very good for the skin. They have a tremendous exc ■ of boric acid in them. Advise your customers not to - ■ these creams too often. Another type of cream has come into the market and ' which is more or less successful and that is a rolling mass cream made with starch. The manufacturer at all times looking for a cheaper substitute whereby he can obtain ■ same product. Of the two creams I would prefer the sta; cream as being less injurious. Certain it is that the star cream is easier and cheaper to make than the casein crea:. This cream, to give it the proper consistency, contains a litt; soft soap which is made with a pomade base. Usually the= starch creams are made by manufacturers of perfumery v. use the pomades from which they extracted the flower oc Seventy per cent of that pomade is mixed with the coo-, starch. Of course a preservative like sodium benzoate added to enhance the keeping qualities and then a very stror. perfume is necessary because starch has the tendency to come a little sour. The method of application involves a ri; bing into the skin until the cream rolls out and brings : dirt with it. That is the story told on the label. The cr- is supposed to remove impurities from the pores of the = and cleanse the skin, but you can wash your hands ten ti: and roll on this cream and it will become just as black \ clean hands as with dirty hands because the casein or st - has the tendency to darken upon being pressed or rolled. We now come to another class of creams and one which very interesting. I dare say that every man in this room h tried to make a liquid almond cream which would not separa: Many of you have succeeded and others have not. It is matter of exact balancing of specific gravity; proper prop tions of water, wax, soap and glycerin. The old-time ain cream was made from blanched almonds, — this was not s,.' factory, it could not be made so it would not separate. Li- particles of almond would separate and go to the top of ■ bottle and stick there and the water would separate at bottom, showing that the cream was not perfectly i;iade. M.ii. facturers who wanted a good product got down to a P"i where they employed only beeswax, a little spermaceti an soap. If you heat beeswax and spermaceti with soap an water the wax will turn white, just as it does with cold crean and that is exactly what happens in these liquid creams; tl wax is partially saponified and emulsified. Diffeiciit kinds < mucilage are employed to perfect this emulsion a:>d to yield cream that will not separate. Quince seed gives best resu! and most manufactures are using this kind of a macilat^e. It cream to be perfect in appearance and without separation mu contain a large percentage of soap, and if one i>s vciy paiticul: one should not leave the cream on over night because the soai material on the surface of the skin does not do any good. Tt glycerin or mucilage has a softening effect on the skin an this article has certain benefits for relieving chapped or irr tated skin. It is used after bathing and is not without vah because it has about 5 per cent of alcohol an.J has some ant septic value. Recent cable despatches from Berlin announce that Pr<] Gochring of the Physico-Chemical Institute at Karlsruhe hi discovered a new chemical element, which he calls breviut It is declared that the new element is radio-active and :i suits from the disintegration of uranium. June, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA I Cod Liver Oil Industry Hit by War Increased Consumption Has Forced the Prices Higher ; Getting the Oil From the Fish an Interesting Process Raising the trap tiets which catch the codfish N all the range of industries that are drawn upon to furnish raw material or manufactured products to the drug trade, there is none that is watched with more f interest than that of the cod fisheries. In ordinary years the Statistics showing the progress of the Season's catch have al- ways had an important bearing upon the amount of cod liver oil likely to be produced, for it is this fixed oil in which . the druggist is particularly interested, on account of its ex- pensive use in medicine for the treatment of pulmonary con- ; sumption, and the vari- 'ous affections connected scrofulous di I with ^ thesis. During the presen; ^- - however, a new has been in- into the condi- t. ^ vhich have here- ' tot'ore obtained with . regard to the supply : and as a result, tl.- fluctuations in prices- *■ barometer-like — h a v "followed the progrf-- j of the European war ,both as to the na\ ; ' operations contiguo i - '■^ to the fishing groun j'near the North .S- I, and to the increa."^* : ' consumption by the nations engaged in the ■ hostilities, more par- ticularly, Germany. These conditions have forced the price to un- ; precedented levels, I which have been fur- /ther accentuated by I' reports that the re- mits of cod fishing this The year are below expec- main product; tation, the season now being practically closed in most dis- tricts. In the last official statistics that have come to hand the catch for cod for 1915 is reported at 48,600,000, pro- ducing 40,056 hectoliters of oil, as compared with 59,900,000 fish producing 44,831 barrels of oil in 1914. In this market considerable oil was carried over in 1913 from the abnormally large catch of the preceding year, and the article sold at from 25 to $26 per barrel until the passage of the present tariff measure, which removed the duty entirely from it and although the previous duty amounted to $4.50 per barrel, its removal was anticipated long before the passage of act, so that after it became operative, cod liver oil was selling at $24 per barrel. On April 1 this year the price had advanced to $40@$45 per barrel, these quo- tations being the high- est the oil had reached since 1911 when it was held in some quarters at $50 per barrel. For medicinal use, the Norwegian oil has always reigned su- preme, although in re- rent years modem me- thods of manufacture have been introduced into Newfoundland, and it is now probable that the medicinal oil from this source is not inferior to the Norwe- gian oil. The objec- 'joundland tions to the Newfound- land oil that formerly lillions of codfish on the wharves of fishing company. 1 256 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [June, 1915 Women at work drying and cleaning the cod. Wives of fishermen do this ivofk while their husbands arc prevailed were no doubt due to the fact that the nearness of the rendering establishments to the fishing stations and the careful sorting of the livers secured the best oil that could be produced under the then ruling circumstances. But the introduction of new methods, as we have stated, has done much to advance the claims of the Newfoundland product. Something About the Cod According to the Pharmacopoeia, cod liver oil is obtained from the fresh livers of Gadus morrhua Linne, and of other species of Gadus. The common cod is usually described as between two and three feet long, with brown or yellowish spots on the back. The body is moderately elongated and some- what compressed, and covered with rather soft scales, of which the head is destitute. This species inhabits the Northern Atlantic, and is particularly abundant on the Banks of Newfoundland, where it finds food adapted to its wants. But the oldest and best known fishing grounds are those of Norway, where the fish makes its appearance at regular seasons. In the Lofoten Islands the cod makes its appearance in February, and the fishing season lasts from February until April. On the Finmarken coast the fish do not arrive until later, and they are often accompanied by other fish, whose livers sometimes become mixed with those of the cod. In recent years the manufacturing processes of cod liver oil have undergone a complete change, chiefly on account of the demand for a pure medicinal product. As now con- ducted, the best grades of oil are worked up immediately after taking the livers from the fish so as to avoid exposure to the air, experience having shown that such exposure, even for a few hours, was apt to cause deterioration in the quality of the oil. To obtain these results, the fresh livers are placed in tin-lined vessels, provided with open steam coils, almost immediately after they have been taken from the fish, washed, and sorted — all livers showing stains being discarded. Low pressure steam is then blown into the livers, and the oil exudes almost immediately. Treatment of the Oil ^ The crude medicinal oil is then filtered to free it from liver tissue, and bleached by treatment with fuller's earth, or by exposure in closed vessels to the action of the sun- light. Medicinal oil so prepared deposits stcariiie at a low temperature, and such oil is termed "congealing oil". Some pharmacopoeias designate a "non-congealing oil", an oil which will not set at the freezing point. Such an oil is obtained by allowing the crude medicinal oil to cool down to below O'C, and filtering it at a temperature of — 10° C. The "stearine" is sold as "fish stearine" of best quality for soap making purposes. From the unsound livers comes the so-called "cod oil" of commerce. In the manufacture of this oil, the livers are boiled out with water, the oil which rises to the top b-; skimmed off. The "foots" are then subjected to press, the oil obtained being of a very dark color, possessing very strong, fishy odor, and suitable only for currying other uses. Reference has been made to the Norwegian and Newfou: land fisheries, but in recent years the cod fish industry reached large proportions on the Pacific Coast, the fisl. grounds off the Alaskan coast contributing largely to production, the principal rendering establishments for the being located in San Francisco and northward to \'ancou' To what extent these fisheries have contributed to the i duction of medicinal cod liver it is difficult to state. On Atlantic Coast from Newfoundland to Labrador it is e,- mated that between thirty and fifty thousand people are • gaged in catching and curing the cod. Oil Is a By-Product However valuable the output of the oil may be. it is prim- ly but a by-product of the cod fishing industry, which g; employment to thousands of hardy men who face the ten of the sea off the coasts of Northern Europe, the North Atlantic and Pacific shores of the United States and Canada even far away Japan and Siberia. A glimpse at the c ditions which prevail in the fisheries in one quarter of globe, tends to reveal similar conditions wherever the dustry is prosecuted. The fishermen may speak a diffe: language, they may sail under various flags, and have var\ conceptions of constitutional liberty and governmental auth ty, but they are actuated by a common impulse and darinc pursuing a calling which is not entirely free from hazard danger. Women Employed at the Work Probably no one phase of the fishing industry of Newfou land is more interesting or characteristic to the lay vL*^ : than that of watching the process of securing the livers ■ the oil. The cod fish from the traps are brought to • curing "barn" and dumped into baskets which are pi. handy to the workers. A woman takes a cod, places it a table on its side, and then with a knife cuts it across t neck and down the belly. In this condition she slips t fish to a second woman who jerks off its head, whicl used as a fertilizer, and pasiscs tlie body of the fish on ' ^ man who, in turn, cuts the stomach open and. with cleaving, removes all of the entrails. The liver he takes in the heavy wool glove on his left hand and tosses it a bucket to work up into oil. The livers are then taken to the rendering establishn at St. Johns where the oil is worked up along the methods a > described. It is then run into tin-lined barrels and is r for shipment to the various markets of the world. June, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 257 Woman an Authority on Medical Botany Miss Alice Henkel of Department of Agriculture Shows Female Sex Has Definite Place in Profession of Pharmacy By EMMA GARY WALLACE IT is a significant tribute to the high position which women hold in the profession of pharmacy and chemistry that many of the valuable bulletins relating to medicinal plants published by the United States Department of Agri- culture have been written by a woman, Miss Alice Henkel, who is assistant in the office of Economic and Systematic Botany. Miss Henkel's work is well- known to thousands of drug- gists, students and professors of pharmacy. She has con- ducted many original investi- gations, the results of which are considered authoritative in the sphere of applied eco- nomic botany. Nine of the bulletins which Miss Henkel has written are as follows: Farmers' Bulletin No. 188 ' Weeds Used in Medicine." Bui. No. 51, Part 6, "Goldenseal." Bui. No. 89, "Wild Medi- cinal Plants of the United Miss Alice Henkel States." Bui. No. 90, Part 3, "Pep- permint." Bui. No. 107, "American Root Drugs." Bui. No. 139, "American Medicinal Barks." Cir. No. 6, "Cultivation and Handling of Goldenseal" (revision of Bui. No. 51, Part 6) Bui. No. 219, "American Medicinal Leaves and Herbs." Bui. No. 26. "American Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds." These have all been exceedingly popular, some of them having been so much in demand that they have been re- ferred to as the "six best sellers" of the Superintendent of Documents office, ^liss Henkel's training for the work she is doing began really when she was a child, for her father, August Henkel, conducted a successful pharmacy in Cincinnati. When Miss Henkel was six years old her father moved to Hamilton, Ohio, having purchased a drug store there. Her early education was received in the public schools of Hamilton, and completed in Washington, D. C, whence her father moved to accept a Government position. Miss Henkel comes of a long line of doctors, druggists and botanists and interest in such work was bred in the bone. Mr. Henkel, her father, was hospital steward in the United States Army during the Civil War, and was at one time as- sociated with Professor ]\Iaisch in the U. S. Army Labora- tory in Philadelphia. Having studied stenography and type- writing. Miss Henkel filled a position for a while in a news- paper office, later taking a civil service examination and was appointed to the Department of Agriculture. Her knowledge of pharmacy helped her wonderfully in transcribing matter which contained terms relating to chemistry, botany, zoology and pathology. She was promoted rapidly and was frequently called upon to take dictation from Dr. Charles W. Dabney, Assistant Secretary of Agriculture during President Cleve- land's administration. Dr. Dabney urged her to give up stenography and study some scientific subject. She acted upon his advice and decided to make a specialty of medical botany. That was the beginning of her medical plant work, for she at once entered the National College of Pharmacy and for three years took work fitting her for the field of medical botany. In 1898 she was transferred to the Division of Botany because of her exhaustive knowledge of medical botany, and had as her chief, Frederick V. Coville, the United States botanist, who among other lines of research, had entire charge of the investigation of medicinal and poisonous plants. In 1901 Mr. Coville placed his new assistant in charge of all correspondence and all work relating to medicinal plants to be cultivated in the Government testing gardens, among which were the following : Hydrastis canadensis, Spigelia marilandica, Polygala senega, Valeriana officinalis, Mentha piperita, Mentha viridis, Cheno- 258 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [June, 1915 podium anthelminticum, Aletris farinosa, Aconitum napellus, Atropa belladonna, Digitalis purpurea, arid Hyoscymus niger. This list met with approval, and this marvelous, little lady at once ordered the seeds and plants and had them planted for trial in the Government Testing Gardens, thus laying the foundation for the present drug farm. The investigation of medicinal plants was continued under Mr. Coville's authority until 1905, and when in that year this work was formed into an independent office under a strange head, Miss Henkel went over to the new office simply because of her love for the work. There has been some misapprehension on the part of the public concerning the medicinal plant investigation under- taken by the Government. Articles have been noted in the press at various times which gave the impression that medici- nal plant investigation was not begun by the Department until 1903, when as a matter of fact as long ago as 1889 the Division of Botany was charged with this work. From time to time this Division published various papers and circulars on medicinal plants and the experimental cultivation of drugs was also undertaken by the Division of Botany prior to 1903. Miss Henkel's personality is as delightful as her work is remarkable. She lives with her mother in Chevy Chase, Mary- land, a suburb of Washington, D. C. The accompanying pictures of the house and a portion of the rarely beautiful rose garden are most interesting. Miss Henkel dearly loves books, flowers, and music. She possesses quite a large library, mostly pharmaceutical, botanical, and historical. She is es- pecially proud of a choice collection of many quaint, old medical botanies and books of travel, the latter mostly of the Niagara frontier, in which region she is particularly in- terested. As a recreation for herself and a means of rare entertainment for her friends, Miss Henkel plays the zither, the real, sure-enough zither, not the instrument popular some years ago under the name "American zither." She was former- ly a member of a Washington zither quartette which often played in public. She has been a member of the American Pharmaceutical Association since 1902. We have notable examples of women who have achieved success in practically all branches of medicine, chemistry, and botany, but it would be difficult to find another case of a young woman who can point to a more worthy career than Miss Henkel. Her climb up the ladder of recognized effi- ciency has been a steady one, nor has she rested when she reached the top. She has been able to send forth a vast fund of knowledge which has enriched and is continually enriching the medical and pharmaceutical professions, not only of the United States, but of the world as well. The debt of humanity to Alice Henkel, — this sister-in-the-work is a large one, and we are all justly proud of the success she has merited and won. News About Women Prominent in Pharmacy LOUISVILLE CHAPTER ELECTS OFFICERS The annual meeting of the Louisville Chapter on May 6 was one of the best meetings of the whole year. The attendance was very large. Several changes were made in the constitu- tion. The annual reports were excellent. The following officers were elected: Miss Clara Hulskamp, president; Miss Emma Friek, 1st vice-president; Miss Eleanor Diehl, 2d vice-president: Mrs. Henry Baass, secretary; and Mrs. J. G. Kruhl, treasurer. The Board of Managers are intrusted for the coming year with a plan of work and the responsibility of a club house fund. MRS. WALLACE IS HONORED Mrs. Leslie O. Wallace of Auburn, New York, first presi- dent of the W. O. N. A. R. D. and chairman of its Educa- tional Committee, has recently been honored by being made chairman of the Women's Section of the Adult Division of the International Sunday School Association. The object of the Women's Section is to further the work of adult classes of women everywhere, and if possible to effect a federation of the hundreds of thousands of Christian women in English speaking America. By so doing their aims will be unified and a vast power will be brought to bear for the moral support of questions relating to the uplift of society. Recently, Mrs. Wallace presided at the first Conference of the Women's Section held at Witherspoon Hall, Philadelphia. A banquet was held in the evening attended by between three and four hundred Philadelphia ladies. During her stay in Philadelphia, Mrs. Wallace was the guest of Mrs W. E. Lee. MR. GROENLAND'S DEATH A SHOCK The news of the death of Otto Greenland, who passed away at his home in Cincinnati on May 5 came as a shock to the many friends who had known him in life, for with the coming of v/arm weather he seemed to rally from the severe illness by which he had been prostrated all winter, and was in a fair way to recuperate. Mr. Groenland had long been identified with the best interests of ethical pharmacy in Cincinnati, where he owned and operated two stores. He had served as President of the Ohio Valley Druggists' Association, and was deeply interested in the work of the N. A. R. D., at whose meetings he was always eagerly welcomed as a member of the "old guard". His wife, who is widely known throughout the drug trade, having served for a number of years as treasurer of the W. O. N. A. R. D., and her family were the recipients of many telegrams and messages of sym- pathy which poured in from all sides when the news of Mr. Greenland's death became known. The Queen City Chapter of the W. O. is really the child of Mr. and Mrs. Groenland and the members will indeed feel this sorrow a personal one. The sympathy of the women in pharmacy is extended to Mrs. Groenland, her son Albert Groenland and his wife, and the second son, Ormond Groenland. MRS. BURKE TWICE BEREAVED The members of the W. O. N. A. R. D. everywhere will be pained to learn that Mrs. W. T. Burke of Philadelphia, secretary of the W. O. chapter in that city, has again been called upon to part with one of her loved ones. During the early part of April, it will be remembered that Mr. Burke, who had so long been identified with pharmaceutical matters in that city, died suddenly. Sympathy poured in upon Mrs, Burke from her sisters everywhere. One son, a fine young man of sixteen years, was left to comfort her and help in the management of the store. They had always been much to each other, and in their affliction were more closely drawn together than ever. For several days, this son had not been feeling well, but not ill enough to require the services of a physician or even medicine. Upon the morning of May 12, he did not arise as usual, and his mother entered his room, to find that he was dead. Those who grieved for her in her earlier loss will again sorrow with her in this second sore affliction, for wherever Mrs. Burke is known, she is loved. SYMPATHY FOR MRS. HUBBARD The sympathy of the entire organization of the W. O. N. A. R. D. is extended to Mrs. Fred A. Hubbard of Boston Chapter No. 1 upon the death of her husband, which was noted in last month's Er.4. Mr. Hubbard had long occupied a position of notable prominence in pharmaceutical circles in the old Bay State. Mr. Hubbard had gone to their beautiful bungalow on the shore of Duxbury Bay for a short rest. It was at this place that he was stricken with a fatal heart trouble from which he did not rally. Mr. Hubbard married Miss Bertha M. \\'hitney of Watertown, Mass., in 18^0 and until his death they lived in that part of Boston kno^\^l as Newton. Mr. and ^Irs. Hubbard were prominent figures for upwards of twenty years at the meetings of many Statt pharmaceutical associations. Mrs. Hubbard has had much to do with the success of the work in the Boston Chapter. A son and daughter share her loss. Jl-xe, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 259 The Retail Druggist as a Manufacturer Dr. F. E. Stewart Discusses Relations to Commercial Laboratories and Suggests Ways of Improving Conditions By F. E. STEWART, Ph. G., M. D. Dr. F. E. STEW..VRT BY commercial laboratories I mean the laboratories of the great commercial houses engaged in the pharmacal and pharmaco-chemical industries. What are these labora- tories doing for the medical and pharmaceutical professions? They are making most of the chemical, pharmacal and biolo- gical preparations used by phy- sicians in treating the sick. Why are the commercial la- boratories making these prepa- rations? Why are not the re- tail druggists making them? These closely related and mutu- ally dependent questions cannot be answered in five minutes or in an hour. -As a general proposition it may be stated that the concen- tration of capital and the cen- tralization of business has brought about this change. Economic Tendency in Manufacturing Xo well-informed person will dispute that, from an economic standpoint, the business of man- ufacturing and dealing in medi- cinal drugs, chemicals and pre- parations of the same, can be carried on more successfully on a large scale, than when operated in a small way. This ap- plies to all lines of manufacture and the drug business is no exception. The great department store is an outcome of this economic fact. The great manufacturing plants in all lines, e.xist because of it. The so-called trusts exemplify the same principle. The retail druggists, as a dealer in ready- made goods, is in competition with the department stores. As stated by the widow of an old-time prominent druggist in Philadelphia, "When I was a girl, no one thought of going an>-where but to a drug store for a sponge or tooth-brush, but now nobody thinks of going to a drug store for either. Everybody goes to the department store for both." While this statement is somewhat exaggerated, it illustrates the ten- dency of the times. All will agree that true pharmacy is developing along the lines of higher education and greater technical skill. The standardization of medicinal drugs, chemicals and galenical preparations required by the Pharmacopoeia is for the most part impractical except when conducted on a large scale, thus raising the practice of pharmacy, in this respect, above the reach of those retail druggists who are not doing sufficient business to make standardization work practicable. The retail druggist, as a manufacturer of chemicals, is in competition with the great chemical houses with their labora- tories and skilled chemists. What chance has he in such competition? Is there any reason why he should not pur- chase his supplies from the chemical manufacturing hous-^s? Retail Drug^sts' Competition The retail druggist, as a manufacturer of galenicals, is in competition with the great commercial laboratories of the pharmaceutical manufacturing houses. While his chances in competition may be somewhat better than in competing with the chemical houses, the very fact that galenical manufac- turing has been drifting away from the retail drug store into the great commercial laboratories, is a strong argument against the claim that the retailers can manufacture just as economical- ly as the large laboratories. If he can purchase his .supi)!ies ■of galenical preparations from the manufacturing pharmaceu- tical houses at greater advantage than to manufacture them himself, is there any good reason why he should be denied •Read at the February Meeting of the Phila. Branch A. Ph. A the privilege? If he can prepare his chemicals and galenicals with greater economy in his own laboratory than to pur- chase them, he certainly does not display business ability if he does not do so. There are of course two classes of pharmacists and manu- facturing houses. One class regards pharmacy simply as a commercial business of barter and sale and the other class regards it as a profession. The former considers it perfectly legitimate to manufacture and sell almost anything for which there is a demand or for which a demand may be created by advertising. The latter hold themselves responsible as professional men and experts in drugs and realize that the commercial methods of the former are incompatible with scientific and professional requirements. Professional experts cannot afford to employ misleading methods of advertising or give countenance to pretense and error in conducting their business. The moment the public has occasion to doubt the sincerity of their statements, their reputation as experts is gone, and they sink to the level of the charlatan and quack. Pharmacists in purchasing their supplies from manufacturing houses should not forget this distinction between professional pharmacy and pharmaceutical quackery, and should discrimi- nate in favor of manufacturers who refrain from using such illegitimate commercial methods in their business or supply quacks with the products of their laboratories for carrying on the business of quackery. Nostrum Business Not Pharmacy The retail druggist, as a manufacturer of nostrums, is in competition with the commercial laboratories of the great manufacturing houses engaged in the nostrum business, but the nostrum business is not pharmacy. The nostrum busi- ness is the quack medicine business, whether carried on by a so-called patent medicine house or by the great manufacturing houses engaged in the pharmacal and pharmaco-chemical in- dustries. True pharmaceutical practice consists in the selec- tion, preparation, preservation, compounding and dispensing of medicines, prepared in accordance with common standards jointly adopted by the medical and pharmaceutical professions and conforming with scientific and professional usages in their manufacture and sale. This is the true ideal of pharmaceu- tical practice. The false ideal is every pharmacist a manu- facturer of his own nostrums and a prescriber of the same by recommending them over the counter as specifics or cures. The retail druggist who manufactures and recommends his own nostrums or the nostrums of manufacturing houses there- by becomes a quack doctor. He prescribes without a diagno- sis and thereby violates the first essential to correct prescribing. Before the advent of the advertising business, the retail druggist as a nostrum manufacturer was an individual quack doctor. The advent of the advertising business changed all this and to a large extent the retail druggist became an agent for the sale of nostrums manufactured by great nostrum manu- facturing houses. The great manufacturing houses engaged in the nostrum business in advertising nostrums to the public are prescribing at long range without a diagnosis. The prin- ciple is the same whether the prescribing is done at long range without a diagnosis or at short range without a diagnosis. Individualism m Pharmacy Individualism in the practice of pharmacy is taught by every college of pharmacy and to the extent that such individualism is practicable, the ideal is correct, but individualism in the practice of quackery by pharmacists is not pharmacy. Such practice means pharmaceutical degradation. Much of the so-called new remedy business carried on by the great manufacturing houses advertising to the medical profession is but another phase of the nostrum business. One class of nostrums is advertised in the newspapers to fool the people and the other class is advertised in the medical jour- nals to fool the doctors. During the past thirty years tens of thousands of alleged new remedies have been introduced to 260 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [June. 1915 the medical profession as wonderful discoveries in therapeu- tics. Not one-tenth of one per cent, of them have proved of any special therapeutic merit in comparison with older and better-known drugs used for the same purpose. Now, it must be perfectly apparent that the retail druggists as manufacturers of nostrums and quack medicines cannot successfully compete with the great manufacturing houses en- gaged in this business. It has been said that the retail druggist is threatened with extinction and this is not surprising under the circumstances. The question for us is: — What are you going to do about it? Many remedies have been suggested, one of which is the co- operative manufacturing of nostrums by commercial labora- tories conducted under the control of retail druggists' organi- zations. But this plan is similar to that of the iish who jumped out of the frying pan into the fire to save himself from being served up for breakfast. N. Y. Drug-gists Missed their Opportunity The pharmacists of New York recently had an opportuni- ty to do something about it that would have placed pharmacy in the city of New York on a professional basis and gained public confidence. What did they do about it? Did they co- operate witli Commissioner Goldwater in his attempt to force the nostrum manufacturers to publish their formulas so the public might be no longer deluded? No. They missed their opportunity and joined with the nostrum manufacturers in a protest against this. How can pharmacy expect to be ranked as a professional vocation when the pharmacists as a body align themselves with those who prey .upon the gullible public and exploit the sick? Function of the Pharmaceutical Professions I am saying nothing against the supplying of the public with pharmaceutical preparations made in accordance with scientific and professional requirements and dispensed to meet the demands of the public for legitimate household medica- tion. That is one of the functions of the pharmaceutical profession. I am saying nothing against chemical and phar- macal manufacturing houses who introduce new and valuable therapeutic agents to the medical profession. While we have all been debating what to do about it, the public has been waking up to the situation and the results are before us in drastic legislation which has been enacted and is being proposed for the protection of the public against fraud in the drug business. Why was it necessary to pass the Pure Food and Drugs Act? Why was it necessary to pass the Shirley amendment for the prevention of lying in advertising? Why was it necessary to pass the Harrison Bill to prevent the public from being debauched by habit- forming drugs? Were these bills aimed at the practice of true pharmacy, namely, the business of manufacturing and dispensing medicines, prepared in accordance with common standards jointly adopted by the medical and pharmaceutical professions, and dispensed to meet the demands of legitimate pharma:eutical and therapeutic practice? Were they not rather aimed at illegitimate practices on the part of physi- cians, druggists and the manufacturing houses? Cooperation the Kemedy Now, what is the remedy? Is not the remedy to be found in cooperation between the medical and pharmaceutical pro- fessions and the great manufacturing houses with their com- mercial laboratories having as its object the legitimate practice of pharmacy and medicine? Such cooperation means the ele- vation of pharmaceutic practice to the position of a learned profession, ranking as a peer with the other learned profes- sions. It means the raising of the pharmacist to a higher po- sition socially. The great commercial laboratories under such a system of cooperation would no longer be used for illegiti- mate purposes. They would be no longer emplovnl fdr the manufacture of nostrums and quack medicines. TIma «,nil,l be employed in the production of medicinal dnm^ i li. mh. ,iU and preparations of the same, prrivin d in :i( ( . i >I i n. . w iili the latest scientific and professional 1 1 i piiK nu nts i Iw i>ii.|"r enforcement of pure food and dnii; liws, iiuludiiii; .iimml- ments intended for the abolition of lying in ad\ irlismu-ut.s, will bring this about. The educated and trained pharmacist will then be protected from unfair competition with quacks and pretenders. To the extent that each individual pharma- cist is provided with capital and facilities to do his own manufacturmg, he will be protected in so doing. To the ex- tent that he cannot do his own manufacturing because not properly provided with capital and laboratory facilities, he will purchase his supplies from the great commercial labora- tories. But in either case, he will maintain his individual re- sponsibility as a professional man because he will be in posi- tion to guarantee that the medicines he dispenses in prescrip- tions and over the counter are made in accordance with com- mon standards, jointly adopted by the medical and pharmaceu- tical professions: It does not mean that new therapeutic agents will not be discovered and introduced commercially, but it does mean that this work will be done in cooperation with the medical pro- fession through the channels of original materia medica re- search. The work will be cooperative. In the cooperation the universities with their laboratories, hospitals and clinics will take part, and also the commercial laboratories of the great manufacturing houses engaged in the pharmacal and pharma- co-chemical industries. Thus the commercial laboratories in- stead of being a menace to professional pharmacal and medi- cal practice will become of great service to the medical and pharmaceutical professions, to the science of medicine and to the cause of humanity. Nebraska Pharmacy in Ascendent Prof. Frederick J. Wulling, dean of the College of Phar- macy, University of Minnesota, recently delivered the address of the day at the convocation of the University of Nebraska. From May 10 to 13 was designated as "pharmacy week" in recognition of the promotion of the department of pharmacy to the estate of a full college, and which has been given as- surance that it may soon va- cate its all too inadequate quarters and move into a building entirely its own, and one adapted to the purposes of teaching pharmacy. Dean Wulling was well pleased with his reception in the Nebraska city. In speaking of the advancemen' of the department to a college of pharmacy he said : "Dean Lyman especially is ver>- happy because it has been his constant endeavor since the school was established in 190S to secure for pharmac\- a more equitable place among Prof. F. J. Wullixg the University colleges. A- valuable as the assigned new building is the good will toward pharmacy on part of th( University chancellor and the regents, who have promisee their support toward the development of pharmaceutical edu- cation on a university basis in Nebraska. To this good for- tune is added that growing out of the constructive activity o: the Nebraska Ph. A. through the work of whose president, wh. is also State Senator, Senator Brooklcy, the recently adjoumei legislature enacted the law cle\-aliiiL; th<- school into a collcg of pharmacy, and which places iiharir.,icciitical education ii Nebraska on a basis comparable witli the ranks enjoyed h) other educational departments. "This is only another evidence of the upward tendency c pharmaceutical education throughout the countr>-. Not onl; are the colleges developing, but the state associations are takin more lively interest in adequate educational standards. Th state boards, too, are stimulating the upward movement. Th president of the Nebraska State Board of Pharmacy intrcxiuce a resolution at the Board meeting, held while I was at Lin coin, to make two years of high-school work the minimui academic requirement for eligibility to state e.\aminatior Minnesota is especially pleased that Nebraska has now fallc; in line in the matter of recognizing medicinal plant cuitiva tion as a legitimate and necessary activity of a coUc.ce c pharmacy in its provision of adequate teaching facilitie.- Nebraska has a ver>' respectable nucleus of a drug garden an : is in a fair way soon to inherit room in some of the Universit plant houses for such work as can only f>c done in a greo: June, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 261 THE QUESTION BOX The ''How to Do It'' Department Conducted by Pharmaceutical Experts For the benefit of ERA Subscribers ^ Nickel and Silver Plating (A. V. C.) — Formulas for nickel and silver plating are plentiful enough, but the successful accomplishment of this kind of work requires considerable experience. Then, too, the deposition of the plating is better and more thoroughly ac- complished by the medium of a batter>s which, commercially at least, is the only method employed. Coating brass with a solution of mercurj- in nitric acid is only an adaptation of the faker's scheme for converting copper coin into silver, and usually exploited among circus "gullibles". The coin be- comes coated with mercurj- and has the sheen of silver, but upon exposure it quickly darkens as the mercury becomes oxi- dized upon exposure to the air. While the process may illus- trate a scientific truth as to the galvanic deposition of metals, it is, as a practical accomplishment, worthless. The deposition of nickel on brass without the use of an «Iectro-plating batterv- is not satisfactorily accomplished, and we know of no solution "that is easily applied" which will do the work. To "silver" is not such a difficult matter, al- though the deposit obtained by the application of a liquid plating wash is not so permanent and evenly distributed as that with a battery. Here is a formula to "silver brass" : Clean the article thoroughly with dilute nitric acid, wash with water, and then with dilute ammonia water; dry in sawdust. Take 1 part of silver chloride, 3 parts pearlash, 1 part of whiting, and V/i parts of common salt; or, 1 part silver chloride, and 10 parts of cream of tartar and rub the brass with a moistened piece of cork dipped in the powder. Wash, dr>- in sawdust, and immediately lacquer to preserve the surface. Liquid Plating Wash: Dissolve 1 ounce silver nitrate in 12 ounces soft water, and add 2 ounces of potassium cyanide. Shake together and let stand until it becomes clear. For use. put into ounce vials half full of whiting or paris white, and fill with the liquid. This is very poisonous and should be handled with great care. It is applied with a rag to the surface to be plated, allowed to dry on, when the surface is nibbed with a soft leather or polishing doth. While either of these formulas will probably answer your purpose temporarily, the electro deposition of the plating by means of a battery is the only satisfactory method. Renewing a Narcotic Prescription (J. F. L.) — "I would like to know throuRh the June Era if a pharmacist can legally renew a prescription calling for 2 drams of camphorated tincture of opium in a three ounce mi.xture? If he cannot renew the prescription, kindly give an abstract of the law prohibiting such renewal?" The druggist, under the Federal law, is not prohibited from refilling a prescription which does not contain more than 2 ■grains of opium in a fluid ounce, a much greater quantity than would result on compounding the mixture to which you refer. In fact a druggist can .sell to any one camphorated tincture of opium without any prescription at all, provided he does so in good faith and does not attempt to defeat the purposes of the law. In this State (New York), section 238 of the pharmacy law was recently amended to avoid dupli- cation or conflict with the Federal law. Under the Boylan law druggists were forbidden to refill more than once "pre- scriptions containing opium ... in which the dose of opium exceeds one quarter grain", but as just stated, this provision ^•as amended by the enactment of the so-called "Bloch bill." Action of Quinine and TJrea Hydrochloride (G. D. C.) — Your question belongs to the province of the physician, for not having had clinical experience, we can not undertake to say whether the substitution of quinine and urea hydrochloride for morphine acetate in a mixture would produce the same therapeutic properties or not. However, the double salt is said to have the actions of quinine, and that when injected hypodermically or applied locally it exerts an anesthetic action similar to that of cocaine. It has been reported that the anesthesia is in some cases prolonged for several days. Quinine and urea hydrochloride is said to be especially useful in the treatment of malaria by hypodermic injections, and for the production of anesthesia for local opera- tions. For the latter purpose, injections of a solution of from 0.25 to 1 per cent, strength are used. For application to mucous membranes, solutions varying in strength from 10 to 20 per cent, are recommended. Solutions of this double salt are of a strong acid reaction, but whether this would interfere with the rest of your com- bination, remains to be determined. It is quite probable, however, that a reaction would develop in time between the hydrochloride salt and the silver albuminate and lead acetate, chlorides of silver and lead being formed. On theoretical grounds these reactions seem to be indicated, and the possi- bility of their occurrence should be practically studied. Dose of Copperas for a Mare (X. Y. Z.) — "Would 2 per cent, of copperas and 2 per cent. Venetian red in a tablespoonful dose three times a day be strong enough to affect badly a mare with foal" ? Not being skilled in veterinary medicine, we can not give a direct answer, but judging from the usually described ef- fects of ferrous sulphate and other iron preparations upon the human economy, it is not likely that the quantity of cop- peras indicated would be productive of any untoward effects. The dose of ferrous sulphate, as laid down by authors of veterinary materia medica, is from one to three drams for horses, doses that far exceed the quantity in the above mix- ture. It is usually given in the treatment of anemia, being contra-indicated when plethora, hemorrhage, or fever exists. When used in small amounts it is said by some practitioners to be quite as efficacious as in large amounts, and less apt to disorder the stomach. But ferrous sulphate, like most iron preparations, is somewhat astringent and this property may tend to produce constipation, a condition which accord- ing to all laws and rules of hygiene should be guarded against This fact should be taken into consideration. All authorities are agreed that the pregnant mare should be liberally fed, but should not be g^ven fattening foods. Foods that tend to costivencss should be avoided, and especially should the use of medicines that act violently on the womb, bowels, or kid- neys be shunned as liable to cause abortion. Leading veteri- narians direct that constipation should be corrected, if possi- ble, by bran mashes, carrots, or beets, seconded by exercise, and if a medicinal laxative is required it should be olive oil or other equally bland agent. Tanret's Test for Sugar in TJrine: Heller's Test f J. H. W., M. D.) — Evidently the test wanted for indicating the presence of albumin in urine is that known as Tanret's (mercuric-potassium iodide test), although the writer does 262 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [June, 1915 not correctly spell the author's name. The following is Tan- ret's formula: Dissolve 33.12 grams of pure potassium iodide in about 200 Co. of distilled water. Add 13.54 grams of powdered mer- curic chloride and warm until, with sufficient stirring, the red precipitate of mercuric iodide disappears, leaving a clear, slightly yellowish solution. Dilute this with distilled water to about 800 Cc, and add 100 Cc. of strong, pure acetic acid. Allow to stand over night if not absolutely clear, and decant from any small precipitate which may have settled out. Dilute then to one liter with distilled water. This solution contains the two salts in the proportion of 4KI to HgCl,. The test with the reagent so prepared is carried out as follows : Filter the urine to make it perfectly clear, and add enough acetic acid to give it a good acid reaction. To about 10 or 15 Cc. in a test tube add a very little of the reagent, a drop at a time, from a pipette or dropping tube. In all not more than five drops should be added, as this is saificient to give a strong precipitate if albumin is present. The precipitate is flocculent, and appears as a white cloud or streak., as the first drop of the heavy mercuric solution scttk-s and mixes with the urine. As each following droo minijles with the urine the hazy cloud grows to a precipitate in case the urine con- tains more 'han a mere trace of a'bai.i ci. This test at one time was considerably employed and is given m nearly all of the older works on urine analysis. \Vhen the test solution is to be kept for a long time it is best prepared without the addition of the acetic acid, as this is liable to produce a slight cecompcsition in time. In regard to the second test wanted we are unable, tn find in the literature at our command, any nie'.liod under the name "Hill's", but it is possible that the querist has in mind ''Hel- ler's" well-known test for sugar in urine. An outline of the test follows: Take a test-tube and place in it 2 drams of urine ; if albumin is present, first rid the urine of it by means of heat; if, also, the color of the urine is dark — which, however, is hardly ever the case in diabetic urines — first treat the urine with a little lead acetate solution, filter the urine thus freed of its color and then take, as stated, 2 drams; add to this one dram of caustic soda or potash solution, and boil; on so doing the earthy phosphates precipitate out, and if they are in large quantity they must be filtered out ; if not, their presence is disregarded. The color of the urine, if sugar be present, changes to a lemon-yellow, yellowish-brown, or blackish-brown, according to the quantity of sugar present. Add, now, a few drops of nitric acid; the dark color vanishes, and in its place the odor of burnt sugar is given off. This test has been largely superseded by Trommer's, Fehling's and other tests. Unintelligible Prescription Directions (G. W. D.) — Your prescription, sent for translation, we have shown to a number of experienced dispensers who agree with us that the directions are not plainly intelligible to the average prescriptionist. However, they are uniformly of the opinion that it was the intention of the prescriber to make a solution of 1 dram of tannic acid in enough (q. s.) tincture of opium to measure 1 fl. ounce, but the manner in which the mixture is to be used is not apparent. It is probable that a certain quantity of the completed mixture is to be added to water and used for an external application, although the ab- breviations representing the directions, which we cannot re- produce, are not enlightening on this point. It is possible that the verbal instructions given to the patient might throw some light on this abbreviated form of prescribing. "C" as used in the directions on the prescription may be an abbreviation for the Latin verb cape, take (thou being understood), while the dram sign (^), as representing the quantity, is no doubt intended. The remaining abbrevia- tions and their meaning can only be guessed. They may mean pro re nata, the phrase being usually translated "occasionally", according to circumstances", etc., as may be readily ascertained by reference to any work on prescription writing. This sug- gestion would seem to fit in with a possible use of the mix- ture, and this view might hr confirmed or disproved by ques- tioning the patient. We regret that we cannot give a more intelligible rendering, but the prescription seems to have been written with the intention of making it purposely obscure, or the prescriber was careless in writing. The incompatibility of tannic acid with the alkaloid morphine should be con- sidered, though the final answer to this is somewhat depen- dent upon the manner in which the mixture is to be employed. We suggest that you communicate with the prescriber for an interpretation. Precipitation in Syrup of Ferrous Iodide (S. L. B.) — We cannot account for the unusually large amount of precipitate which you describe as being thrown down on allowing the syrup of iodide of iron to stand, and it is difficult at this distance without a sample for examina- tion to determine the cause of the difficulty. However, mos" of the trouble with this preparation is due to the oxidation of the syrup in contact with air, free iodine being liberated, as shown by the dark color on the surface, which gradually spreads downward until the syrup is entirely decomposed, and precipitation results. Some writers have suggested that the brown coloration is partly due to the presence of caramel from the sugar, but in our experience free iodine is wholly responsible for the change, as the color of spoiled ferrous iodide can be changed to the bright green indicated by the Pharmacopoeia by the addition of bright iron wire (better still, card teeth or reduced iron). Starting with all ingredients answering the pharmacopoeia! tests, no great difficulty should be experienced in making this syrup. The water must be distilled, and free from micro- organisms. Tap water, which has ruined more than one sample of this preparation, should nevar be used. When de- composition has once started, it is a difficult proposition t: restore the syrup; various reducing agents to prevent the? changes have been suggested but for the purpose none c them have been found to work better than the addition o: hypophosphorous acid as directed by the Pharmacopoeia. We are quite sure that if you will see that the reaction between the iron and the iodine is completed, that is, that all the iodin- is taken up by the iron (shown by the solution becoming pa' green) before proceeding to boil the liquid, and then following strictly the pharmacopoeial directions, you will have no dif ficulty. Of course, this means that the syrup when nnishe must be kept in well-filled bottles, well corked, and the smal. er the bottle, the better. Contact with air tends to decompo- the syrup, the ferrous iodide being split up with the libera- tion of iodine, the degree of decomposition being shown t; the gradually increasing and darkening color of the syrup. Th products of decomposition are deposited as a precipitate ; the reaction is not checked, and this to our mind is exact/ what has happened here, although we cannot account 11 : such a large amount of precipitate as that reported by th correspondent. Cresol Remedy for the Mange (E. E, P.) — We cannot give the formula for the proprietar preparation, although various formulas for the cure of mangi i are given in the Era Formulary. In recent years cresol has come forward as a remedy for the treatment of this disease, a common form being a solution made on the type of the "Liquor Cresolis Compositus" of the Pharmacopoeia. The following combination has also been recommended : Cresol \l4 ounces Green soap 1^ ounces Alcohol 14 fl. ounces Mix. The mixture may be made stronger, depending upon the disease and its intensity. A daily application is recom- mended until a cure is effected. Medical Books for the Pharmacist (C. E. R.l — It is somewhat difficult to pick out any work that treats of diagnosis from the medical point of view that treats also of the use of remedies, that would be generally satisfactory to the pharmacist. However, the following wilf probably give most of this kind of information the druggist ordinarily wants: Wood. "Household Practice of Medicine" $5.00 Hartshorne, "Practical Household Physician" 2.50 Taylor, "Index to Medicine" 3.75 Williams "Minor Maladies and their Treatment" . . 3.50 Conwell, "Medical Therapy" (old but standard) .. 2.50 June. 1915" THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 'JG3 FOREIGN AESTEACTS Toxic Principle in Seeds of Jatropha Curcas — The oil extracted from the seeds has been in use for some time in soap-making, and in the tropics it is also used medi- cinally. The seeds, deprived of their oil, give up a poisonous substance, curcine, on extraction with physiological salt solu- tion. The crude extract is acidified with a very little acetic acid, and the toxin then salted out by the addition of sodium chloride until the content of the latter salt reaches 8 per cent. Curcine prevents the coagulation of the blood, and is very powerful after subcutaneous injections. It seems to have little effect when administered by tlie moutli. The oil is also poisonous, and its action resembles that of croton oil. Treat- ment with alcohol extracts a poisonous acid, curcanolic acid. The portion of the oil soluble in alcohol is shaken, at the tem- perature of the water bath, with saturated baryta water, the precipitate formed is washed with cold water, dried, and ex- tracted with ether. From the ether extract absolute alcohol removes a compound which yields curcanolic acid on being acidified. It is very toxic toward frogs, but rabbits do not appear to be affected by it. (Felke, Chem. Zentralbl., 1914, p. 1958.) Influence of Molds on Opium — In general, the alkaloids of opium seem to be very resistant against the enzymes of molds, but no careful study of the problem has been made. Friedrichs has lately investigated, and finds that the effect of molds on opium which has been carelessly kept is quite negligible. The alkaloids appear to be unsuited as nourishing substances for molds, and the toxicity is a measure of the resistance of the alkaloid toward the en- 2>'matic action. Morphine, which is more toxic than codeine, is also more resistant to molds than codeine, and the latter is in turn more resistant than the less toxic thebaine. Asper- gillus niger was without any action on morphine, but attacked codeine and thebaine slightly ; Aspergillus Ostianus, sometimes found on Turkish opium, has almost no action on morphine. Penicillium and Citromvces arc also without effect. (Fried- richs. Z. Physiolog, Chem., 1914, p. 276.) Salol with Liquid Paraffin — In order to combine the effects of an intestinal antiseptic with the well known laxative action of liquid paraffin, Goldby has used the following formula, with very satisfactory re- sults: "Salol, 800 grains; oil of cinnamon, 40 minims; chloro- form. 4 fluidrachms; scarlet red, one-eighth of a grain; liquid paraffin, to make 80 fluid ounces. (Pharm. J., 1915, p. 316.) Enomorphone — This substance is a new remedy consisting of allyl-morphine sulphate. The introduction of the allyl group into one of the phenolic hydroxyls of morphine brings about a decided modification of the pharmacological action of the parent alka- loid, rendering it much less narcotic, less convulsive, and slight- ly stimulating to the respiration. Therapeutic doses will have no ill effects on the human heart. It is indicated in all cases of hy-pertension, and where nitrates are administered, the sedative action and absence of effect on hemaglobin being ob- vious advantages of enomorphone. It occurs as white needles, melting at 173-175°, soluble in water, and sparingly soluble in chloroform. (Major and Wiki, Apoth. Ztg., 1915, p. 119; through Pharm. J.) Tests for Animal Charcoal — Since the value of animal charcoal as a therapeutic agent depends on its absorptive power, the Austrian Ministry of the Interior has established tests as follows: One-tenth gram of finely sifted charcoal, dried at 120 degrees, must entirely decolorize 20 cc. of a 1 : 1000 solution of medicinal methylene- blue hydrochloride on being shaken with the latter for one minute, without filtration. If a suspension of 3 g. of animal charcoal in 65 cc. of the above methylene-blue solution is drunk, the urine secreted during the next 24 hours must not show any green tint. (Apoth. Ztg., 1915, pp. 15 and 99.) Detection of Iodine in Body Fluids — To prove the presence of iodine in urine, saliva, or any other body fluid, a tablet of ammonium persulphate is placed on a piece of filter or blotting paper, which must not be free of starch, and is moistened with 5 to 7 drops of the liquid under examination. The presence of iodine reveals itself by the appearance of the characteristic blue color on the paper, while very small traces of iodine produce a violet tint. In cases where the iodine is in organic combination, the test fails, but this is also true of the other ordinary tests for iodine. (Schumacher, D. Med. Wochschr., 1915 p. 196. New Bismuth Compounds — Halogen substitution products of gallic acid are easily pre- pared, the dichlor-gallic acid being made by passing chlorine gas into a solution of 16 parts of gallic acid in 1000 parts of water, until a constant depth of color is reached. The acidity is partly neutralized by alkali, and the free acid is shaken out with ether. Dibrom- and diiodo-galHc acids are prepared by similar methods. If 1 part of bismuth nitrate is dissolved in 2 parts of acetic acid, the solution diluted with 5 parts of water, brought to 80*, and treated with 0.7 parts of dichlor- gallic acid, 0.95 parts of dibrom-gallic acid, or 1.2 parts of diiodo-gallic acid, in 50 parts of water, basic substitution pro- ducts of bismuth subgallate are formed, which are to be washed free of acid, and dried at a gentle heat. The iodo-substitu- tion product is not to be confused with airol, from which it is distinguished by its higher bismuth content, its solubility in ammonia, and different constitution, the iodine atoms being joined to the benzene nucleus, and not to the bismuth, as in airol. (Lami, Boll. Chim.-Farm., 1915, p. 2.) Titanous Chloride as a Reagent — Monnier describes a number of color reactions and pre- cipitations which point to the value of titanous chloride as a reagent for certain acids and bases. Platinum, iridium, palla- dium and gold solutions are reduced by it. Chromates are reduced to chromium salts, and sulphites and thiosulphates to sulphur. Among the organic acids, formates and acetates are reduced, with the formation of violet or violet-black basic salts. Alkali oxalates give a yellow coloration, and a yellow- ish-brown precipitate on boiling. Succinates give a volumi- nous violet-gray precipitate, and tartrates a gray precipitate. The intense violet coloration formed by solutions of alkaline citrates is a sensitive and characteristic test. After a few hours the surface of the liquid is decolorized by oxidation, but at a greater depth of liquid the color persists for several days. Lactates of the alkali metals give a pale blue to violet- brown coloration. Benzoates give a voluminous brownish- green precipitate, salicylates a yellowish-green precipitate, and tannin in water solution a voluminous orange-red precipitate. Citric acid may be detected in the presence of formic, acetic, suc- cinic, lactic, and benzoic acids by titanous chloride, but oxalic and salicylic acids interfere. (Monnier, Ann. Chim. Analyt., 1915, p. 1; through J. Soc. Chim. Ind.) Interference with Strychnine Reactions — In the course of a medico-legal investigation, Mameli stu- died the substances which are likely to interfere with the color reactions ordinarily employed in the detection of strych- nine. The reactions made use of were those with sulphuric acid and potassium dichromate (Otto's reaction), sulphuric acid and ammonium vanadate (Mandelin's reaction), picric acid, potassium ferrocyanide, etc. Substances of a basic nature are naturally isolated along with the alkaloids in chemical analy.ses, and among those which may interfere with the tests for strychnine are phenacetine, paraphenetidine, para-amino- phenol, phenocoll, protocatechuic acid, guiacol, heroin, helmitol, and pyramidon, as well as zinc sulpho-carbolate, gly- cerin, and hydrochloric acid. A very judicious se- lection of the solvents used in extracting strychnine in poison- ing cases must be made, and no general method can be out- lined to meet all requirements. (Mameli, Boll. Chim. Farm., 1914, May-Sept.) A Brush-Ampule for Iodine — An ingenious device used in the French army enables each soldier to carry with him a supply of tincture of iodine suf- ficient to disinfect a large surface. The tincture, which con- tains potassium iodide to preserve it, is sealed in a long am- pule of resistant glass, with a constriction near one end. The 264 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [June, 1915 dimensions of the ampule are about 6 mm. by 6 or 7 cm. At the constriction a file mark is made. On breaking the tube at the file mark, the short end is thrown away, and a pledget of' cotton is revealed, which reaches into the remainder of the tube, and forms an impromptu brush with a reservoir of tinctuTe feeding it. The outfit, encased in a small carton, takes up no more room than a pencil. (Schweiz. Apoth. Ztg.) Germicidal Value of Iodine — To ascertain the value of iodine as a disinfectant in sur- gical practice, tincture of iodine diluted with an equal volume of 90 per cent, alcohol, and the same tincture diluted with an equal volume of water, were tested by the Rideal-Walker method. B. typhosus was the test organism, and the iodine solutions were compared with phenol solutions of the strengths of 1 in 100 and 1 in 120. No growth of the bacillus was observed in cultures from the iodine solutions, while the or- ganism was not killed by the carbolic acid solutions. Even when the iodine was further diluted to a strength of one-half or one-quarter of one per cent., growth was prevented, but on going beyond the latter dilution, the bacillus appeared in the subcultures. The conclusion is reached that for naked or- ganisms, iodine is four times as powerful a germicide as phenol, in alcoholic aqueous solutions. (Maben and White, Chem. Drug., 1915, p. 144.) Determination of Cinchona Alkaloids — The cinchona preparation, whether bark, extract, or what not, is heated with sulphuric acid in a closed ilask on the water bath, and the solution of the alkaloidal sulphates thus obtained is rendered alkaline with sodium hydroxide. The alkaloids are then extracted in the usual manner with an ether-chloroform mixture. The solution of the basic princi- ples in these solvents is next washed with saturated sodium sulphate solution, excess of decinormal sulphuric acid is added, and the excess of ether-chloroform removed by heating. The residue of sulphuric acid is then titrated with alkali, using lit- mus as indicator. The alkaloids are again liberated from the ti- tration liquid by an excess of caustic soda, and again extracted with the ether-chloroform solvent, the extracts being evaporated to dryness, after the addition of enough sulphuric acid to com- bine with all the alkaloids The dry crystalline mass is then treated with a little ether, and the mass is extracted with saturated quinine sulphate solution. The alkaloidal sulphates, other than quinine, are dissolved in water and titrated with decinormal sodium hydroxide solution, with phenolphthalein as indicator. The amount of quinine is determined by dif- ference. (Dufilho, Ann. Falsific, 1914, p. 453; through J. Chem. Ind.) Mass of Ferrous Carbonate — Most pharmacopoeias prescribe that this mass shall be prepared from hot solutions and shall be washed free of sul- phates. Some oxidation is unavoidable during washing, and the mass becomes brownish. In order to avoid all changes. Carlson recommends the following procedure: In a 5-liter flask dissolve 150 g. of sodium bicarbonate in 2 liters of water, which must not be warmer than 75*. To this solu- tion is added an unfiltcred solution of 200 g. of ferrous sul- phate in 750 cc. of water, at about 65°. After precipitation is completed by shaking, the flask is immediately closed by a cork, and set aside to cool. Then, without washing, the precipitate is collected on a roomy cloth filter, pressed out well, and dried on the water bath, after the addition of the requisite amount of sugar. Above all one must take care that the precipitate, so long as it is warm, does not come in con- tact with the air. Since this mass is not washed, it contains traces of sulphates, hut a solution in hj'drorhloric acid, in the proportion of 1 : 50, gives a faint turbidity with barium chloride only after several minutes, showing negligible amounts o{ svil|ihatc. Only in this iinniniT can a mass be prepared whiih will have the gravish t;iri n color described in the phar- maroi)oeias. (Carlson, 'Sv.nsk I'harm. Tidsk., 1915, p. 101.) New Form of Zinc Oxide — According to Rordorf, there is now on the market a very pure form of /in. wliich meets all the requirements of the Swiss I'l' I'Ut presents important differences when conipai'' ual brands. Instead of forming an anioriilious ]m,\, .i. i ,i |iio\-,'s to consist of comparatively rousr si il. s. It is snow white, very light, and perfectly Ary. r,,iH ( III! ill .1 ointments and pastes cannot be prepared with it, an.l \\\\,-n colors are added, the shade is unsatisfactory, on account of the granular condition of the preparation. But for dusting powders the new oxide is better adapted than the ordinary product. Three parts of oxide of zinc, of the usual sort, rubbed up with two parts of olive oil, form a thin oint- ment. The same proportion of the new oxide gives a dry product, which can be applied as a powder. It is thus evi- dent that, along with bismuth subnitrate, calcium carbonate, tannin, calcium phosphate, and boric acid, zinc oxide must now be regarded as existing in a light and a heavy modifica- tion, and these must be distinguished in prescribing and dis- pensing. (Rordorf, Pharm. Zentralhalle, 1915, p. 27.) "K-Brot" — "K-Brot", which may be translated "P-Bread", is the fa- miliar term for the German potato bread of which so much has j been heard. Parow gives some interesting details about the | preparation of potato flour and other products. Potato starch I flour is made from raw and grated potatoes, which are washed I out with water, so as to free the starch from the surrounding | fibers. The starch is then washed several times with pure ' water, allowed to settle, or dried in centrifuges, and again purified. The flour consists of 98 per cent, carbohydrates, 1 per cent ash, and 0.5 per cent, each of fiber and albumen. It is 98 per cent digestible. Potato flakes, (which are en- tirely different from the American "chips"), are prepared from ■ carefully washed and boiled potatoes. After removing the jackets, the mass is heated on rollers, from which it is scraped off in the form of ribbons or sheets. A rotary knife cuts the sheets into small flakes, which then pass on an endless band to the drying rooms. The flakes are of various sizes, j have a whitish yellow or yellow color, and a pleasant appe- tizing odor. The water content is about 15 per cent. Rolled | potato flour is made by grinding the flakes. It contains about 90 per cent, of carbohydrates, and 7 or 8 per cent, of nitro- genous material. The ease with which the potato prepara- tions are digested makes their addition to other foods advan- tageous, although the nitrogen proportion is slightly lowered thereby. The food value of potato bread is almost exactly equal to that of rye bread. No changes in making up the dough or in baking are needed when using potato flour. (Pharm. Zentralhalle, 1915, p. 39.) Papain — The papaw tree (Carica papaya) is largely grown in Ceylonj Hawaii, and the West Indies for its edible fruit, and for the preparation of the digestive ferment. The latter is obtained by scarifying the nearly ripe fruits, while still on the tree, with a bone or ivory knife, and collecting the milky, viscous juice in suitable vessels. The juice rapidly coagulates, and must be dried at once to prevent decomposition. A little formalde- hyde may be added as a preservative. The coagulated juice may be dried in the sun, but artificial means are to be pre- ferred. In Montserrat, (Leeward Islands), brick dryers with open tops are used They contain a sheet iron tray on which is spread a layer of sand, one or two inches thick, over which is stretched a sheet of linen containing the dried juice. A low temperature, not over 100 degrees F., is employed. Genuine papain has a slightly salty and somewhat acrid flavor, and a characteristic odor. It should be crisp, and not sticky. Cey- lon papain is often adulterated with starch, rice, etc. (Chem. Drug., .1915, p. 133.) Determination of Alcohol — The method of Richter is modified by Reusz as follows: In a separator of about 200 cc. capacity are placed 25 cc. of the preiiaratioii, 25 cc. of a 20 per cent, sodium chloride so- lution, and 1.^ (1- of petroleum ether boiling between 40°and 50°. .Shake- wall for a few minutes. The alcohol dissolves in the salt solution, and the layer separates. Draw off this layer containing the alcohol. After a time a new layer con- taining alcohol separates, which is also drawn off and added to the first. The last traces of alcohol are extracted from the petroleum ether by shaking out with a fresh portion of salt solution. Finally, place the combined salt shakings in a distilling flask, and distil the alcohol over into a pycno- meter, first neutralizing volatile acids if present. (Reusie, Pharm. Zentralhalle, tlirough Pharm. J., 1915, p. 489.) The Cadill.vc Ttopentixe Co., Cadillac, Mich., has pur- chased thousands upon thousands of tons of pine stumps from which the trees were cut years ago. The stumps made the land worthless. The stumps are piled up mountains high in the company's yards, the dirt washed off. and then they aro run through a "hog". The stump is reduced to a pulpy con- sistency when it goes into vats where by a distillation pro- cess turpentine is extracted. Jlne, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 265 Legal Decisions Insecticides — Misbranding — Fraudulent Intent Unnecessary In a case arising out of a seizure under the tenth section of the Insecticide Act the packages proceeded against were labeled "Chloro-Napholeum." The libel said that this constituted a misbranding. It charged that the words used conveyed, and were intended to convey, tlie meaning and impression that the article contained as an ingredient chlorine or chlor-naphthol. The claimant admitted it did not. It was held that the allega- tion that the words were intended to convey a false meaning was immaterial. Absence of fraudulent intent on the part of the shipper is not a defense to proceedings under the Food and Drugs or Insecticide Acts. The interstate shipment was ad- mitted. The government put on the stand a number of expert witnesses of high qualification, among them some of the most distinguished authorities on pharmacology, preventive medicine, and hygiene. They testified that chlorine was a valuable disin- fectant. It had been recognized as such as far back as the close of the eighteenth century. It is now extensively used in purifying the water supplies of urban communities. Napthol is also a wellknown and powerful germicide. As early as 1881 the name chlor-napthol had been given to a definite chemical compound. To chemists the name was descriptive. It con- veyed to them a clear idea of the essential composition of the product to which it was applied. Some years later the claim- ant's predecessors adopted "Chloro-Napholeum" as the name for their disinfectant. The testimony showed that chlor-naph- thol is a powerful germicide. It is not hard to make, but except for laboratory purposes it is seldom made. The chemical witnesses all said that to them "chloro-napholeum" indicated that the product so called contained chlorine or chlor-napthol as an essential ingredient, and that they so supposed until they learned otherwise. It was nevertheless admitted that the claim- ant's disinfectant was reliable, valuable, and largely used. No attempt was made to controvert any of the testimony offered on behalf of the government. Claimant put witnesses on the stand to prove that the ordinary purchaser knows nothing about chlor-napthol. They testified that the people who bought chloro-naptholeum attached no significance to the name. They asked for it because they had used it before, or had heard of somebody else who had. This was not disputed by the gov- ernment. The issue, therefore, became almost entirely one of law. No facts were in controversy. At the argument it was stated that the claimant had some months before the trial adopted a new name for its goods. It wanted to resume the use of the old as soon as its right to do so could be clearly established. .\ word, it was held, does not become purely arbitrary until it has lost its descriptive significance both to the specialist in the subject and to the general public. The claimant said, con- ceding this, that its wares have by that name been on the market for about 30 years. Those who know of the words only in connection with its product are at least 100 times as numerous as those who ever knew what their real meaning was and is. The claimant contended that it violated no law because that which deceives the best informed does not deceive the ignorant, and because on this particular subject the ignorant are in a great majority. It was said by the court to be utterly impossible for any court or jury to tell how much of the knowledge that the few have disseminates itself through the mass of the populace in a more or less inaccurate guise. Under the Insecticide Act, it was held, goods are mi.sbrandcd if they bear any statement which will deceive or mislead any pur- chasers who are of normal capacity, and who use that capacity in a common sense way. Whether there be many or few so deceived is not material. Whether an article is or is not mis- branded does not depend upon the guess which court or jury can make as to the relative number of purchasers who would vote "yes" or "no" if a referendum were possible as to whether they had or had not been deceived. Alluding to the cost and inconvenience of familiarizing the public with a new name, the court said that it must be borne in mind that in the long run the honest manufacturer, as claimant doubtless is, is the one principally interested in the strict, and in even the rigid, enforcement of laws of this char- acter. The more candid all his competitors are required to be. the better for him. Standards impossible of unvarying applica- tion will work to his injury. He cannot afford to say any- thing about his goods which is not in every reasonable sense, and from the standpoint of every well-informed person, true. If he is a law-abiding man, he does not want to take the chance of doing sometliing which may be held to be illegal. He is always likely to have competitors who are perfectly willing to. (United States v. Two Cases of Chloro-Naptholeum Disinfectant, 217 Fed. 477). Sale or Prescription of Poisons — Morphine — ' "Legitimate Use" Kentucky .Acts 1912, c. 86, makes it an offense for any regis- tered pharmacist or licensed physician to prescribe for, procure, or sell or dispense to any person opium or its alkaloidal salts or their derivatives or any admixture containing opium or its alkaloid salts or tlieir derivatives, or otherwise deal in the same for any purpose other than for "legitimate use," under a penalty of a fine of not less than $20 nor more than $100. .\n indictment was returned under the statute against a regu- larly licensed and practicing physician, for prescribing mor- phine for a purpose other than for a legitimate use. The cir- cuit court sustained a demurrer to the indictment on the ground that it failed to charge that the morphine prescribed for and sold to the purchaser by the defendant was an alkaloid or de- rivative of opium or an admixture containing opium, and the court could not judicially know or say that such was its charac- ter. On appeal, tlie appellate court said that, while morphine was not named in the statute as an alkaloid, derivative or ad- mixture of opium, it did not suppose there was a person of ordinary intelligence or common understanding residing in the state but has familiar knowledge of its power as a narcotic, its deadly effect as a poison, and that it is an alkaloid or derivative of opium. The word "morphine" has as well-de- fined a meaning as the word "whiskey" and its qualities and effects are as well known to the generality of the people of the state as are those of the intoxicant called "whisky" ; and mani- festly it would be a work of supererogation to allege in an indictment charging one with the unlawful sale of whisky that it is a spirituous liquor or intoxicant. It was therefore held that the validity of the indictment was not affected by its failure to state that the morphine sold was an alkaloid or de- rivative of opium. The defendant also insisted that the failure of the statute to define the words "legitimate use" rendered it void for uncer- tainty. In other words, it was argued that the statute fixed no standard by which the physician in selling or dispensing opium, its alkaloid salts or derivatives, is enabled to know what Mse of it by the purchaser would or would not be legitimate. The court, however, followed Katzman v. Commonwealth, 140 Ky. 124, 130 S. W. 990, where it had under consideration the valid- ity of section 2630, Kentucky Statutes, which regulates the sale of certain poisons by retail, and declares, in substance, that a sale or delivery of such poison shall not be made by any person without satisfying himself that the poison is to be used for legitimate purposes, without defining the words "retail" and "legitimate purposes." A prosecution instituted by war- rant against Katzman for violating this statute resulted in his conviction, and he sought a reversal of the judgment on the ground that the statute was void for uncertainty because it failed to define the words quoted. The court held, however, that the statute was not void on this ground. It said, "It may be admitted that, although the meaning of the words 're- tail' and 'legitimate purposes,' as used in the statute, are reasonably well understood, it is nevertheless possible that there might be difference of opinion as to whether in a given state of case the sale of a drug was by retail or for a legitimate imrpose. and it is possible that in administering this statute it may occasionally happen that a druggist will be accused who claims not to know what con.stitutes a sale by retail or what is a legitimate use of opium; and it is also possible that different trial courts and juries may not always be harmonious in the conclusions reached upon this point. But the fact that there may be occasional doubt or want of agreement on this question cannot be allowed to invalidate the statute." The opinion then proceeded to state that a person who has intelligence enough to conduct a drug store could not fail to know what would constitute the selling of a drug by retail or to understand the meaning of the words "legitimate purposes" as used in the sUtute; that the druggist must, as declared by the statute, first satisfy himself that the sale of the drug or poison is for a legitimate purpose; and that, if he in fact docs 266 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [June, 1915 not know the purpose for which the poison is to be used, or has any doubt about it, then he must in good faith exercise reasonable care to find out the purpose for which it is bouglit "The statute," it was said, "was intended to regulate sales by druggists, and when it is sought to apply the words 'legitimate purposes' to a sale of drugs or poisons by druggists, they hjve a technical meaning that may not be clearly known or under- stood by courts or jurors, and so it is permissible to allow experts to give evidence as to what is regarded by qualified druggists and physicians legitimate purposes for which sales may be made, so that the trial court and jury may be in- formed as to what is recognized as a legitimate purpose for which these drugs may be sold by those intrusted with their sale, and to whom, in a measure, is confined the knowledge as to what constitutes a sale for legitimate purposes." The court held that this reasoning must control in the con- struction to be given the words "legitimate use." The word "legitimate," in the statute, was not used in its original sense of lawful, but in its secondary sense of proper or warranted, as when we speak of a "legitimate conclusion," or a "legitimate argument." Morphine is sold for legitimate purposes under the statute when, under the facts, a druggist or doctor, acting according to the ordinary usage of the profession, and exer- cising ordinary care, would have made the sale. This it was held, was a question for the jury. The judgment was therefore reversed, and the case remanded for further proceedings. (Com- monwealth V. Garhart, Kentucky Court of Appeals, 169 S. W. 514). Book Reviews BADGER CHEMICAL DIARY FOR 1915. E. B. Badger & Sons Co., constructors of chemical appara- tus, Boston, Mass., have recently issued a very handy little pocket diary under tlie above title, with the primary object of acquainting the chemical industry with the Badger line of chemical machinery. This line includes apparatus and equip- ment used in distillation, evaporation, digestion, extraction and chemical manufacturing generally, including the equip- ment and special machinery of complete plants for wood and alcohol distillation from raw material to finished products. Of special interest to chemists are the various tables relating to atomic weights, lineal expansion of solids, and liquids, pro- perties of various chemicals at ordinary temperatures, metric conversion tables, heating data on fuels, strength of materials, etc. There are also maps showing the various countries of the world, census statistics and other often wanted informa- tion in tabular form. THE SPATULA SODA WATER GUIDE and book of formulas for soda water dispensers. By E. F. White, soda expert, etc., 4th edition. Size 8 x 10^ inches. Paper. Boston, Spatula Publishing Co. Compilations of soda fountain formulas are always in de- mand, and this collection, whether it is accepted as the stan- dard of authority or not, as the author would like to have us believe, will undoubtedly answer most of the questions the average dispenser has put to him. Besides the formulas, there are instructions for the beginners in the business, information on the art of buying, carbonating water, and the luncheonette. PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF PHARMACEUTICAL FACULTIES, 1914. This volume of 95 octavo pages contains the proceedings of the American Conference of Pharmaceutical Faculties held in Detroit, August 24-29, last year. Much of the .<>pacc is taken up with the interesting discussion of the various niinsi iita- tives of the colleges holding membership in the .i ]■! ini , llic picturi I encoui I es the i 11. 1-::,. I , !..r the better success he has with his machine, the mnrr 1- v. Ill us.- busmess wherever Good Work store are developed free of is made for printing, and if aged and put his Special camera aside, so here camera display window of the Sagar Drug Company, Aubu Note the clearness and suggestivciiess of the sign cards. as elsewhere, it may be said "who serves best, profits most." The illustration of the photographic department is inter- esting because it shows a case electrically lighted in such a manner as to attract attention night and day. A. J. Merriman, who has the depart- ment in charge, may be seen in the picture talking with a cus- tomer over the tele- phone, about a cam- era which he holds in his hand. Location on Car Line Helps John J. Monahan's drug store is located at the comer of Xorth and Genesee Street in Auburn. It is interesting to know that the Gene- see Street which ap- pears in so many dif- ferent towns through- out the state, is in reality a continuation of the old stage coach road over which the mails were carried in e.ulicr days. If yo;i arc Genesee street in one city, it is a i's- tant part of tJie same street which divides a number of other cities miles away. Mr. Monahan saw great possibilities in the camera field and realized that if he sold a good apparatus it would be a con- tinual feeder for further supplies. At his comer tlie cars go in four directions and people did not realize they were being edu- cated in camera goods when thev passed the June, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 269 waiting moments in gazing at the many interesting window ■displays featuring these goods. It was noticeable that after a time not a few of these people would drop in to make a casual inquiry. Later they were more than likely to become purchasers. Mr. Monahan was resourceful enough to see another op- portunity opening for him. .-Vs he sold and explained the use of cameras, he became an enthusiast himself and upon his outings about the city and through the country, he secured many splendid pictures. These were featured frequently' in his window as a sample of the work done by an amateur. Some of these pictures were of such merit that they were readily salable to newspapers in the locality or in nearby cities; especially to those printing an Auburn page. As these pic- tures bore the inscription "taken by J. J. Monahan," he secured still further advertising. How the War Has Affected the Photographic Trade Reprinted from Weekly Drug Markets. ABOUT one family out of every five in the United States, according to the Census estimate, owns and operates a camera. The drug store has found it profitable to cater to the needs of this vast army of snap-shotters and consequently druggists throughout the country are interested in the present situation in photographic supplies brought about by the war. Prohibition by the French of e.vportations of many chemi- cals and the enforced suspension of German foreign commerce have resulted in a complicated situation among the photo- graphic industries. There has been an absolute lack of some supplies, a scarcity of others, and an unequal distribution of still others. The Belgium glass factories are suffering from a shortage of labor and are restricted greatly by the high cost of raw materials. The same thing is true in France, where labor is scarce and where some of the plants which manufacture photographic supplies have turned their attention to pharma- •ceutical lines now in great demand. Glass in these two coun- tries that formerly cost 30 francs a case now costs 150 francs a case. Materials for making chemical developers and certain grades •of glass have been retained in France for medical necessities. The glass used in the manufacture of Autochrom plates, for instance, has been needed in x-ray work. Until a few weeks ago, no Autochrom goods had been shipped to this country since last December. .According to R. J. Fitzsim- nions, United States Agent for the Lumiere Jougla Company, this concern has acceded to the wishes of the government, and turned its attention to the production of pharmaceutical necessities. It has gone so far as to erect a hospital just across the street from its plant, where the head of the com- pany, who is himself a surgeon, is daily to be found in the operating room. Naturally, the output of photographic sup- plies has been limited. Autochrom products, however, will now come into this country. A special arrangement with the French government permits the importation of enough materials to last the trade here throughout the year. .'\s a result of these conditions prices abroad have risen. Chemicals have soared. Those that are coal tar products have gone up about 250 per cent. Plates have advanced at least 25 per cent. Under the circumstances, the rise here is comparatively small. Dry plates have advanced 5 per cent, on the list price, but there is not yet any stringency. One importer states that this supply is quite ample and that orders would be more than welcome. He believes that any present fears as to the se- curity of the trade here are unjustified. A shortage in ma- terials was relieved by the German shipment last fall, but according to Mr. Fitzsimmons, the situation may become very grave unless this shipment can be repeated, for Germany controls the bases of many materials. Suspension of German foreign commerce is at the bottom of the whole situation. Low-priced articles from the Father- land have hitherto discouraged American manufacturers of developing materials. As late as two months ago, one im- porter bought German chemicals and brought them here at one-half of their cost price in France. Now, the American manufacturers of developers, previously discouraged from com- petition, are caught in an embarrassing position. However, it is believed that they will be able to meet the emergency. Although they can not at once produce on a huge scale, they will undoubtedly develop their output to a point where they can care for the necessities of the moment. With reference to metol and hydrochinon, consumers are less embarrassed than are importers. It is said that some dealers and users, fearful of a stringency or eager for specu- lative profit, have purchased more of these than their present needs justify. The supply is therefore unequally distributed. If metol should be completely shut off, there would simply be no more pictures. There is a possibility of an increasing scarcity of other coal tar developers. Rigid economy and abstinence from speculation seemingly will provide a solution for the situation with reference to metol. G. Gennert, a New York importer, says importers of metol have not, and will not advance the price on account of its scarcity. It would seem that hydrochinon, however, would have to go up as the price of aniline oil advances, and ani- line oil is already high. Water Colors are a Profitable Specialty for Photo Supply Department A^I.\TEUR photographers have not realized how effective- ly they can color their pictures. Many of them are under the delusion that applying colors involves a difficult technique. The same thing is true of a number of druggists who do printing for their customers. As a conse- quence, one of the keenest pleasures and one of the most artistic effects of photography is needlessly lost. A child can use water colors on photographic prints. The objects and figures are already there. No creation of shape and outline has to be evolved. The case is simply one of giving a suitable tone to the image. It is a question of care, of taste, of observation, rather than of skill. The man who sports a diamond pin in a gravy-spotted tie, the woman who wears a bright red waist and a bright green skirt at the same time, the child who thinks that water is always blue, — each of these will probably color photographs rather badly. As a man observes the tones and color — values in nature, he will be more successful in his application of pigments to photographs; and, reciprocally, as he colors more photo- graphs, he will observe nature more and more closely. In this way, the vocation or avocation, as the case may be, will have an educative as well as a pleasurable and mercenary value. No doubt, the beginner in this work will be disappointed with his first results, .\lmost surely, he will use too much color on his first picture, and it will be a brilliant and gor- geous unreality. But a little — very little — perseverance and the exercise of observation and good taste will add a new pride to his pleasure as a picture-maker. Druggists who do printing should take up water-coloring more studiously, for, certainly, there are many barbarities of taste committed in this field. The technique is easily acquired, but surpassing taste is as rare here as it is in dress, or manners, or in any other phase of human life and relation- ship. After the druggist has mastered the simple technique, he should try conscientiously to train his perception and de- velop his- taste. His first lesson is to avoid too brilliant colors. The others he will learn for himself. Whether the drug-store sells water-colors to photographers, uses them in its own printing, or both, it should do its part toward informing the inexpert picture-maker that the color- ing of photographs is an occupation which is open to him. Manufacturers of water colors and of other colors adapt- able for photographic uses include full directions with their products. One company puts out a special druggi.sts' assort- ment, consisting of a booklet of twelve color papers, or films, as they are called. These are the Japanese Transparent Water Colors. The color from film must be dissolved in water, whence it is applied to the photograph. News AND Trade Section Perfumers' New Secretary Walter Mueller, who was elected as the new secretary of the Manufacturing Perfumers' Association of the United States at its recent convention in New York City, is sales A. M. Spiehler Walter Mueller and advertising manager of the perfumery department of A. A. Vantine & Co., New York. A. M. Speihler of Adolph Spiehler, Inc., Rochester, N. Y., whose portrait is reproduced herewith, was reelected to a second term. SELLING TRADEMARKED GOODS Camera Man Discusses Attitude of Dealers and Manufacturers F. K. Townsend, of the Seneca Camera Mfg. Company, Rochester, N. Y., says: "In my trips around the country I have had time to call on retailers in every line, not to sell cameras, but to find out what their attitude was toward the manufacturer — and to trade marked goods. Of course I have found a diversity of opinion, ^^^^^ but I have come across one thought almost as prevalent as measles, and that was — That if said retailer pushed and built up a business on a brand of trade marked advertised goods he was apt to lose the agency — so it was better for him to push and sell goods under his own label. "I am not going to enter into a long discussion of the value of advertised brands to any store on account of the greater ease in making the sale, etc., etc. You have had that warmed over and hashed as often as Christmas turkey. "But I do want to say a word about the bug-a-boo of losing the agency. Every man- ufacturer spends large sums of money to get dealers to handle his line. The cost of the origi- nal sale is invariably more than the profit on the order. It's the reorders from the dealer F. K. TowNSE^ that make money for the manufacturer, and you can take it from me that no manufacturer ever takes the agency for his goods away from any retailer that is pushing them — Business is business and the progressive dealer is the manufacturer's one best bet. "The harder a man pushes a line the more the manufac- turer of that line is ready to stand back of him. That's the sentiment back of this company : we are ready to go into the trenches and fight with and for any man who handles Senecas on the firing line — we need you and you need us just as much as an army needs its base of supplies. If you ever get the idea that this company is trying to put one over — come to Rochester and see how hard we are trying to make ever>-- thing right. We make mistakes every once in a while but you will find us ready to make things right. It is my one aim and ambition to make the Seneca Dealers plus the Seneca Camera Mfg. Co. the strongest cooperative merchandising force in the country and Seneca Cameras a product that every man can continue to take pride in handling. One of our dealers uses as his slogan — "You must be satisfied with a Seneca camera or we won't be satisfied to make the sale." And that's the way this company feels too." GIRL BECOMES PHARMACIST AT 18 Probably one of the youngest women pharmacists in the county is Miss Ruth Sansby of St. Paul, !Minn., who re- cently passed the state board examination. She is 18 years old. Miss Sansby is a grad- uate of the ^Minnesota Insti- tute of Pharmacy in Minne- apolis and for several years has been employed by her brothers, Sansby Bros. .Drug- gists, who conduct a store at Sno University avenue, St Paul. So far as the Era knows Miss Sansby is the youngest Wt^. "' ' woman pharmacist in the K^>' j United States. If there are i I /l others who dispute her claim y » * i »i\ to this distinction the Er.a will be glad to make them Miss Ruth S.\xsby known to the drug trade. Dr. J. B. POND AT SEVENTY-NINE .\ftcr twcntv vrar-i .\rk;uis:is Board of ?h. :.n Mj He ctive service as president of the y. Dr. J. B. Bond, of Little Rock, tb.at body when his term expired ■ age of seventy-nine a short timf af;o, anil \\hi\r li. sai.i ili.it he had enjoyed the work as 3 nicmUi i aii'l ] ii . >i, i, iit of the Imaril very murh. he thought he was "loo old. lurhaps, to enter upon another five year term." So well had he performed his official duties that tlie members of the li.>ard ordered a record to be made in the minutes o; niiienient and expressive of their appreciation of the ■ l.tiihlul, intelligent and venerable scr\-ice he had renderees'Er, who has conducted a drug store in Uxbridge, Mass., for 33 years, has closed his store and will enter the Masonic Home at Charlton. He has been engaged in the drug business for 55 years and retires on account of ill health. He has been a successful pharmacist and takes with him the esteem of his townspeople. For more than half a century he has been an active Mason, being widely known as the "father" of the lodge in Spencer which he as- sisted in forming many years ago. He has attained high rank as a member of the order. He has four children, all of whom except one daughter are engaged in the drug business. — Lewts E. Wilson, assistant in the pharmacy of Frank R. Partridge, Augusta, Maine, recently became a proprietor in the Capitol city, having purchased the pharmacy formerly operated by M. J. McCormick. Mr. Wilson was educated in the Richmond public schools and graduated from the Philadelphia C. P. in 1910. He is a registered pharmacist in Pennsylvania and Maine, having passed the boards of phar- macy of both States. He has a beautiful store and a good stand, and his friends predict a successful business career for him. — Eugene Ringler, engaged for many years until his re- tirement a few years ago, in the drug business at Saginaw, Mich., recently celebrated his 91st birthday. He was bom in Wurtemburg, Germany, and came to America in 1847, and to Saginaw in 1856. During the civil war he served as sur- geon in the S8th Ohio Volunteers and with General Grant at Vicksburg. Since his retirement from business, he has de- voted much time to history, literature and science, and his mind is as active as that of a much younger man. — Alan Stuart, formerly a member of the Detroit traveling staff of Parke, Davis & Co., but for the past three years traveling under the jurisdiction of the Bombay, India, branch, returned to Detroit a few days ago for an extended leave of absence. Mr. Stuart evidently had to fight his way back to this country, since he struck an uprising of natives at Singa- pore, and all the male passengers were forced into action. While several of the party were killed, Mr. Stuart escaped without a stratch. — Edward H. G. Krelling, Havana, 111., druggist, has on display at his store a relic which 'has attracted considerable attention in his part of the state. It is a gigantic tooth, supposed to be that from a mastodon, and which was found near Quiver Creek, several miles north of Havana. The tooth is about seven inches long, seven inches high, four inches wide and weighs seven and one-fourth pounds. It was found in the sand and is in an almost perfect state of preservation — H. G. Carnell, has disposed of his drug store in Dayton, Ohio, and will hereafter devote all of his time to the Na- tional Cash Register Co. to whose board of managers he was recently elected a member. He will also be connected with the treasurer's department. The Carnell store was opened by Mr. Carnell's father in 1875. John W. Miller is the new proprietor. — S. W. Cook, for forty- five years a druggist of Toledo, Ohio, has retired, owing to poor health. He started his busi- ness in 1870 in the Ohio city, and for many years the building in which he operated was one of the old landmarks of the East Side. Eleven years ago he moved into the new Cook block at 618 Front street. Mr. and Mrs. Cook expect to spend the summer at a cottege near Presque Isle. — Prof. R. H. Needham, for the last ten years secretary of the faculty and professor of chemistry and toxicology in the Fort Worth School of Medicine and Texas Christian University School of Pharmacy, has resigned and accepted a position as chemist in the Agricultural College of Kansas. Prof. Needham is a member of the A. Ph. A. and is well- known to the druggists of the Southwest. — Victor Diesing, druggist, 5111 Gates ave., St. Louis, Mo., was recently seriously injured by a fall. He was stand- ing at the edge of an excavation in a vacant lot near his store, when he slipped and fell fifteen feet to the bottom. When taken to the hospital it was found that he had suft'ered a fracture of the left collar bone and numerous bruises. — P. N. Hall, druggist at Westfield, Mass., has retired from the drug business on account of ill-health. He will remain in that town however, where he was recently honored by being re-elected chairman of the board of selectmen. His friends are wishing him a speedy recovery to health. — F. H, Arcularius, former president of the Colorado Phar- macal Association, and also for many years a member of the State Board of Pharmacy, has purchased the Central Pharmacy at Colorado Springs, which he will remodel and make into one of the finest pharmacies in the West. — Dr. a. V. Rock, of Mobridge, S. D., has received an appointment as inspector under the Harrison Narcotic law for North and South Dakota. He will work under the direction of the Internal Revenue Collector at St. Paul, but his head- quarters as an inspector will probably be at Aberdeen, S. D. — George S. Draper, inspector of foods and drugs in Tennessee, has resigned and accepted a position as inspector in the Internal Revenue Service with headquarters at Nash- ville. He will look after the enforcement of the narcotic law in that state. 272 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [June, 1915 Obituaries GEORGE MASSEY George Massey, senior member of Lanman & Kemp, drug importers and manufacturers of pharmaceutical specialties, New York, died suddenly of pneumonia, aged 71. He was bom in Witton, Cheshire, England in 1843, where his ancestors had lived since the occupation of that part of the country by Baron de Massey, who crossed to England with William the Conqueror. His father, the late Rev. Samuel Massey emi- grated to Montreal, Canada, in 1853, where the son grew to manhood. On coming to the United States he became associ- ated with Lanman & Kemp and later was made a partner. The great expansion of the firm's South American trade was largely due to his effort, and in recognition of his valuable services in this direction, the late Edward Kemp bequeathed to him the sum of $50,000. Mr. Massey was prominent among the British residents of New York, and noted for his charitable work. He was a trustee of the New York College of Pharmacy, and contri- buted largely to building up its now extensive library. He was also a former president of the British Schools and Uni- versities Club, and had served upon many committees of the Drug Trade Section of the New York Board of Trade and Transportation. William M. Massey, one of the founders of the retail drug firm and later the corporation of Caswell & Massey, was a brother. George Massey is survived by his wife, a son and a daughter. P. P. VAN" VLEET P. P. Van Vleet, for many years president of Van Vleet- Mansfield Drug Co., wholesale druggists, Memphis, Tenn., and well known throughout the South, died recently at his residence in that city. Pie was born in 1849 at Kalamazoo, Mich., and received his education in Kalamazoo College. Soon after completing his course, he started out for himself, with no particular place north of New Orleans in view, but on reaching Memphis he was quick to see and realize the possi- bilities of that city for future development. He secured a position as prescription clerk with G. W. Jones & Co., at that time operating the largest drug house in Memphis. In 1879 he purchased a half interest in the business, which he continued until 1884, when he established the wholesale house of Van Vleet & Co. In 1894 he purchased the Mansfield Drug Co., and consolidated the business under the name of the Van Vleet-Mansfield Drug Co., a concern which soon acquired the reputation of being the largest Southern jobbing drug house. Mr. Van Vleet was a public spirited man and contributed much of his wealth to the wel- fare of his adopted city. He was prominent in golf circles, an ardent fisherman and a great traveler, having made several trips to Europe and Japan, and circumnavigated the globe once. ELI BEN-CE Eli Bence, president of the New England Rexall Club and a prominent pharmacist of Pittsfield, Mass., died recently a short time after sustaining a paralytic shock while driving in his automobile from Great Barrington to Pittsfield. He was born in Braintree in 1865 and learned the drug business in Fall River. Later he went to New Bedford and there con- ducted a drug store. In 1905 he purchased the Bridgman pharmacy in Pittsfield which he continued to operate until his death. He was widely known as a successful pharmacist, and held membership in a number of pharmaceutical organi- zations. He was also a Mason of high degree, and a member of the Park Club of Pittsfield. His widow and two sons, Roy and Maxficld, survive. Frederick W. R. Eschman Frederick W K lim ui, president and chief chemist of the Arlington ' ' 1 . "S'niik. r^. X "S' . died suddenly in that city ilumt r|..;lii hours. He was bom in HaiiM- i i, u ),,, ;irul (.aiuc to this country when 17 years of age, beginning his work in pharmacy in Washing- ton, Mo. He later went to Louisville, Ky., and after a time located in New York, where he began the manufacture of specialties about 1875. In the eighties the business was moved to Yonkers, when Mr. Eschmaim took up his resi- dence in that city. He was married in 1883, and his wife and a son and daughter survive. Loren B. Lord Loren B. Lord, for many years a prominent business man of Burlington, Vt., and a former member of the firm of Lord & Jones, retail druggists of that city, died on May 3, aged 74. He was bom in Waterbury, and early engaged in the drug business. The manufacture of proprietary specialties soon engaged his attention, and he organized a company tmder the name of Henry, Johnson & Lord to develop this business. After the retirement of Gen. W. W. Henry from the company, and the death of E. B. Johnson, Mr. Lord continued the business alone, retaining the old firm name. He is survived by his wife, a son and a daughter. Bertram Swift Davis Bertram Swift Davis, druggist and prominent citizen of Charlotte, N. C, is dead from the effects of uremia. He was 47 years of age, and a member of the Order of the Cincinnati. He was also prominently identified with the Masonic Order and a member of the Knights of Pythias. His wife and five children survive. RECENT? DEATHS — John I. Fellows, a druggist and resident of Fitchburg. Mass., for forty-five years, died recently. He was 76 years of age, enjoyed a wide acquaintance and had many friends. In the Masonic fraternity with which he was prominently identified, he was greatly respected, and was noted as the eleventh oldest member, in point of membership of Boston Commandery, Knights Templar. He was a native of Nova Scotia. — P. F. Hager, for six years prescriptionist of the cit>- health department, Nashville, Tenn.. died on May 10 after an illness of about three weeks. He was 57 years of age, and had been prominently identified with the drug trade of his city for many years. For 23 years he was connected with the Berry-Demoville Co. as chemist, and previous to that time had been with Spurlock-Neal Co. He is survived by his widow, three sons and one daughter. — NiLES H. She.\rer, senior member of N. H. Shearer & Co., druggists, Y'ork, Pa., died recently at his home, following a complication of troubles. He was wellknown throughout the trade in the State, and was prominent in the business activities of his town, where he had also served for many years as a director of the First National Bank. He was 73 years of age. — I. F. Gillette, wellknown in wholesale drug circles in New York, died at his home in Brooklyn, X. Y., May 8. He was a veteran of the civil war and at the time of his death was an auditor for S. R. \'an Duzer, manufacturer of pro- prietary specialties. He was 62 years old and .is survived by a widow, three sons and one daughter. — Dr. W. F. H.\rwi:il, 63, prominent druggist of Nash- ville, Tenn,, is dead, following an attack of pneumonia. He was prominent in Alasonic circles and a past master of Cor- nelia Lodge, F. & A. M. He was born and reared in Pulaski, but had made his home in Nashville practically all his life. He was unmarried. — Louis Ash, Pittsburg, Kansas, died recently in that city from a complication of diseases superinduced by an at- tack of rheumatism. He was able to be around his drus store until the afternoon preceding his death. He had beer in the drug business for twenty years. He was a Shriner and an Elk. — Jexxett .\. R.wvsoN-, for forty years one of the leading business men of Buckfield, Me., is dead, aged 68. He was bom at Paris and soon after his removal to Buckfield purch.ised the drug business which he conducted until his forced retire- ment a few months ago. He was an Odd Fellow and a Mason. — Prop. E. Rudolph Kunberger, a chemist and former member of the faculty of Drexel Institute. Philadelphia. Pa . was recently found dead under circumstinces which pointed to the indication that he had committed suicide by the in- halation of gas. He lived with his father-in-law, in the rear of whose residence he conducted a laboratorj'. June, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 273 Colleges Turn Out Many New Pharmacists Eighty Schools of Pharmacy in the United States Will Probably Have About 2,000 " Grads " This Year ACCORDING to the last report of the United States Commissioner of Education, cover- ing the school year of 1913, there were sev- enty-five schools and colleges reporting as having departments of pharmacy. Several did not report to the Government. The probable number of such recognized schools is about eighty. There were 1,813 graduates in pharmacy, according to that re- port, and the number will probably be nearer 2,000 this year. The increased requirements demanded by law before pharmacists are permitted to prac- tice is swelling the number of students at pharma- ceutical colleges each year. Four states, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and North Dakota, now have laws making it necessary for a pharma- cist to have a college of pharmacy degree in addi- tion to the practical training behind the prescrip- tion counter, w^hile other states are requiring in- creased educational qualifications preliminary to the practice of pharmacy. Several states are con- .sidering legislation which will require graduation from a recognized school of pharmacy as a pre- requisite to registration. This tends to place the practice of pharmacy on a higher plane as a pro- fession, while at the same time the commercial side of the business is not being neglected, as colleges are adding courses in accounting, advertising, sales- manship and kindred merchandising subjects. N. Y. C. p. AWARDS DEGREES TO 147 Dr. H. B. Woolston, of C. C. N. Y. Addresses Gradu- ates — Members of Faculty Present Prizes One hundred and forty-seven students were graduated by the New York College of Pharmacy at its recent commence- ment held at Carnegie hall. Dr. Henry C. Levis conducted the graduating class to the platform, where prayer was offered by Rev. Raymond C. Kno.x, chaplain of Columbia University. Provost W. H. Carpenter, of Columbia, made the opening address, dwelling particularly in his remarks upon the re- sponsibility of the pharmacist relative to the use of narcotics by the public. Charles W. Holzhauer, assistant secretary- elect of the college presented the candidates for the degree of graduate in pharmacy, and Dean H. R. Rusby presented the certificate of proficiency as food and drug analyst to J. Myron Rosenthal. Dr. Howard B. Woolston, of the College of the City of New York, addressed the graduates. Jeannot Hostmann, president of the college alumni association, presented the medals annually awarded for scholarship by that organization. The recipients this year were Max Levine, gold medal ; De- borah .\rginteanu, silver, and Eynon H. Williams, bronze. Curt P. Wimmer, Phar. D., read the roll of honor, which was headed by' the names of the medal winners, and contained the following other names : Morris L. Epstein, Solomon Feign, Helen F. Roudin, Ber- nard O'Malley, Leslie L. Blake, Isidor Chambers, George N. Graves, Hyman Feinberg, Robert L. Lee and Alfred Larossa. The trustees' special prizes of $100 each were awarded by Anton Vorisek, Phar. D., to the following: Miss Deborah .\rginteanu, for superior work in analytical chemistry-, (this prize was won by Miss Arginteanu's brother in 1911) ; materia medica, Leslie L. Blake, and Eynon H. Wil- liams, pharmacy. .Anton \'orisck, Phar. D., awarded the Italian Pharmaceutical Association's prize gold medal to Miss Helen Florence Roudin. The valedictory address was delivered by Bernard O' Malley, and the benediction by Rev. Knox. The following were awarded the degree of graduate in phar- macy: Miss Deborah Arginteanu, Miss Lena Brill, Miss Marie Gold- berg, Miss Lena Jean Lindeman, Miss Daisy Myerson, J. Sebring .\ckennan, Aaron Ajamian, Pasquale Amico, Jr., Emil Angel, William M. Avstreih, Benjamin Barkin, John Battaglia, Max Bedrick, Benjamin H. Berkowitz, Bernard S. Berkowitz. Nathan J. Bernstein, .Arthur W. Besscr, Leslie L. Blake, William Blinder, Carl Aloysius Boehlert. Clifford I. Bougher, Henry Jacob Bravin, Joseph Cairoli, Guiseppe Can- nella, Antonio Settino Carabillo, Thomas J. Cecere, Isidor Samuel Chambers, Nathaniel Chapman, Mario L. Cirillo, Ben- jamin Cohen, Nathan Cohn, Arthur Corso, Wilfred John Donnelly, Bernard Joseph Dunn, Samuel Dworkin, Abraham Ehrlich, Morris Lazar Epstein, George John Ettenberg, Solo- mon Feigin, Hyman Feinberg, Miss Mary Rotlistein, Miss Helen Florence Roudin, Miss Anna Solosko, Mrs. Edith Menke Thorn, Jacob Feinerman, Philip Feldman, Benjamin Feldstein, David Israel, William M. Jaffe, Maurice Leo Kapplow, Joseph Lambert Melvin Feltus, Jeremia Feniello, Paul Joseph Fioren- tino, Joseph Fleck, Jacob Friedlieb, Reuben Friedman, Joseph Pasquale Friscia, Vincent Gallo, Benjamin Geiger, Howard A. W. Geiger, Raymond Gilliar, Louis Gottesman, George Nathan Graves, Birt E. Graystone, William Greenberg, Morris M. Greenwald, Herman Grimm, David Grossman, Walter Joseph Gurry, August Joseph Hadinger, Le Roy Sharrett Hagaman, Henry E. Heddesheimer, Max Hendler, John J. Hill, Philip Hirsch, Sam Hofstein, Henry L. Hudes, Leon Bernard Kaufman, Augustus T. Kennedy, John William King, Jr., Thomas Carson Kirkwood, Charles Howard Knevitt, Morris Krechevsky, Alfred Larossa, Robert Lester Lee, Na- than Levin, Max Levine, Salem Levine, Abraham George Lichtenstein, John Lione, Herman Loden, Fred Daniel Lynch, Thomas McGranaghan, James F. Mclndoe, Benjamin M. Meltzer, Leon Milhauser, D. Sheldon Miller, Louis B. Mollica, Jacob Neimeth, Abraham Nisselson, Bernard O'Malley, Victor M. Orefice, Halsey L. Palmer, Gabriel Petrella, Ralph Eu- gene Piantieri, Alfred Pica, David E. Portnow, Paul Pretzell, Lazar Rabinowitz, George Peter Reichardt, Julius Reider, David Rosenberg, Sol Rosenfeld, Anthony F. Ruppel, Joseph Sachs, Paul Schoenberg, David Schwartz, Moses Shapiro, William R. Siena, Everett Sinclair, Jacob Sirkin, Nicholas .Andrew Smedira, Paul Joseph Smith, Walter A. Smith, Charles J. Somers, William Spottiswood, Bertram Clarence Steves, Bernard Strisower, David Svigelsky, Anthony J. Taddonio, Saul Taub, George Elwood Taylor, John A. Valvano, George Dwyer \'irden, Francis Peter Viscardi, Benjamin E. Wallach, Clifford Edmund Ward, Israel Weinshenker, Abraham Wein- stcin, Ralph Leander Wheelock, Philip Widoff, Eynon Haverd Williams. Herman Wirtenhorg, .Alfred G. Yoimg, Max Harris Zeroff, Louis W. Zuckcr. BROOKLYN- C. P. GRADUATES 173 Hon. Robert H. Roy Delivers Commencement Address at Exercises in Academy of Music The twenty-fourth annual commencement of the Brooklyn College of Pharmacy was held on the evening of May 13, at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, 142 graduates and 31 post- graduates receiving degrees, which were conferred by the 274 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [June, 1915 dean, Dr. Wm. C. Anderson. The salutatory was delivered by Harry L. Goldwag, and the valedictory address by Henry D. Schwartz. The Hon. Robert H. Roy addressed the gradu- ates. President Henry B. Smith awarded the following prizes: Post graduate gold medal, Jacob Scaletsky ; post graduate A. Ph. A. membership, Cosimo Ligorio; senior gold medal, William Cohen; senior silver medal, Hersh Weinberg; senior A. Ph. A. membership, Samuel M. Fass; senior bronze medal, Charles Sharcoff; senior Anderson medal, Frances Levine, and junior silver medal, Max Samet. Henry J. J. Kassebaum, president of the college alumni association awarded the alumni prize to Curt Unverhau. Pro- fessor A. Percival Lohness, secretary of the faculty, read the senior and junior honor rolls, which contained the following names: Senior — Elias Adelson, William Cohen, Samuel M. Fass, Morris Hirschfeld, Edward Horney, Morris Kassin, Jacques Klein, Nathan Leventhal, Benjamin Levine, Frances Levine, Bernard Pinnes, Abraham Rutenberg, Henry D. Schwartz, Charles Sharcoff, Samuel Solomon, Curt Unverhau, Hersh Weinberg, Morris Wolf and Ludwig Zwilling. Junior — Isidore Alisberg, Abraham Block, Kenneth E. Coop- er, Aaron L. Feller, Herman Getz, Louis G. Gitlin, Abraham A. Helfand, Benny Kahn, Samuel Leventhal, Max Samet, Louis Silverstein, Israel Spielberg, Louis Trywusch, Jacob Weinberg, Samuel Zuckerman and Henry Zuppello. The degree of doctor of pharmacy was conferred upon the following: Isidore Appleman, Julius Atkin, Nathan Birch, Philip Bruno, David Chasan, Louis Cohen, Morris Davidson, William Dembling, Geronimo Di Geronimo, Milton Fisher, Joseph Futterman, Harry L. Goldwag, Isidore Hamburger, Catherine A. D. Henderson, Benjamin Jospey, Max N, Katz, A. Ber- trum Lemon, George J. Levberg, Abraham S. Levy, Ely Levy, Joseph H. Levy, Abraham Lichterman, Edward Liebson, Cosi- mo Ligorio, Louis Ludwig, Oreste Rivellese, Jacob Scaletsly, Julius Siegel, Louis Sheinfine, Herman D. Stolack, Leo Wechsler. The following were awarded the degree of graduate in pharmacy : Elias Adelson, Max Alexander, William H. Arndt, Philip Barashick, Nathan Baron, Max I. Batt, Ada Berman, Jacob Billig, Samuel I. Billik, Eli Blum, Joseph A. Blumenfeld, Irving Bolkowitz, Benjamin Brich, Henry Briller, Joseph W. Brinkin, Susan Broder, Isidore Bronstein, Israel Brower, Ben- jamin Chadaby, Samuel Chase, Solomon Chavkin, Samuel H. Chester, Gershon H. Cohen, William Cohen, Harry Cane, Joseph Cooper, William Ebersman, Samuel M. Fass, Robert Fisher, Isidor Fine, George Fitelevitch, Louis Franklin, Rose Freedman, Joseph Freilich, Philip Friedman, Samuel B. Frisch- berg, Isaac Gavrin, Abraham Gellin, Isidor R. Gitlin, Julius Greeniield, Solomon Greenspan, Anna Greenspoon, Solomon B. Groisser, Harry L. Gruber, Nathan L. Grushco, Kaspar C. Gruss, Charles J. Guerra, Mark A. Haykin, Joseph Henkin, Morris Hirschfeld, David Hollander, Edward Horney, Alex- ander Horowitz, Samuel Iskowitz, Rosa Joondeph, Samuel Jurow, Morris Kassin, Morris Klatzko, Jacques Klein, Wil- liam Klein, Michael Kornfeld, Samuel Kortchmar, Harry Kosofsky, David Kramer, Benjamin Krell, William J.Kurz, Morris Lehrer, Morris Lerner, Samuel Lemer, Nathan Leven- thal, David Levine, Frances Levine, Benjamin Levin, Frank Lubansky, Samuel M. Marcus, Benjamin Markowitz, Tobia Marrazzo, Ralph D. Martin, Isaac Masarsky, Samuel May, Jr., Frank Mechella, W. Meiselas, A. Melman, M. Menaker, Samuel Merkin, Frank A. Mignano, Benjamin L. Milana, Julius Mindes, David Mintz, Peisi Mitnick, Frank Mogilevsky, Max Morton, Saul Mostoff, Bernard Nadler, Edward Newman, James Paderson, Herman Peck, Hyman Peckerman, Mario A. Pel- lerano, Bernard Pinnes, Isidor Podolsky, Reuben Pollock, Robert J. Posner, Joseph Rabinowitz, Isaac Radin, Morris Raskin, Abraham J. Reisler, Henry A. Riebesehl, Barney Rivkin, Emanuel Rosenberg, Isidor Rosenberg. ISIaurice Rosen- gard, Michael Rose, Abraham Rutenberg. Raphael A. Saltz, Albert Schneider, Samuel Schneider Bernard Schrager, Louis Seidman, Julius Selub, Charles Sharcoff, Irving Sherline, Irv- ing Silver, Abraham Silverman, Louis Silverman, Stanislaus Slomski, David Sokol, S, Solomon, David Spector, Harris Spiro, Joseph Stark, Henry D, Schwartz, William Telsey, Samuel Tuchband, Louis Turan, Curt Unverhau, Sophie Wechsler, Hersh Weinberg, Julius Weinstein, Abraham Weiss, Morris Wolf, Ludwig Zwilling, ALBANY'S LARGEST CLASS The largest class ever graduated from the Albany College of Pharmacy in the thirty-four years of its existence, received their degrees at the recent commencement exercises. The class numbered forty-five, four of whom were women. Dr Willis G. Tucker, dean of the college, presided, and the ad- dress to the graduates was made by Dr. T. J. Bradley, dean of the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy. After the con- ferring of the degrees by Dr. Charles A. Richmond, chancellor of Union University with which the college of pharmacy, is affiliated, Harold R. Bronk delivered the valedictory address Charles Gibson, chairman of the board of trustees, presents the prizes. Following is a list of the graduates: Jack Walter Abraham, Rutland, Vt. ; Charles Leo Archam bault, Plattsburgh, ; Earl Clark Baker, Potsdam; Williar Levi Barker, Elizabethtown ; MathiUdaM.Bongartz, Kingston; W James Brislin, Fort Edward; Harold Raymond Bronk, Nev Baltimore ; Joseph Harold Brown, Albany ; Charles Henr Burnett, Red Hook; Francis Bernard Casey, Proctor, Vt, William Ernest Dyroff, Highland Falls; Norman James Fran- cis. Troy; Roland Raymond Fuhrer, Roscoe; Marion Monic Gray, Rensselaer; Robert Ulysses Green, Sidney; Henr> Gray Haskins, Granville ; Francis Aloysius Healy, Troy Daisy May Howard, Windham ; W'illiam Dean Hyde, Waverly Sarkis Ohan Kerian, Troy; Walter Kinnin, Greenwich; Josep! Michael Kulakowski, Amsterdam; Thomas Frederick L' Grys, Cambridge; Edward Langley IVIarriott, Rome; Harr Sawyer Metcalf, Elizabethtown; Darwin Elmer Mott, Coble- skill; George Gabriel O'Connell, Moira; Edward Michae O'Neil, Troy ; Floyd Jeremiah Reagan, Norfolk ; Charie- Lawrence Rozon, Moira ; Florence Anna Ryan, Newport Walter Leo Ryan, Rensselaer; Elmer John Scheimer, St Johnsville; Harold Joseph Smith, Warwick; John Joseji! Troy, West Stockbridge, Mass,; Louis Napoleon Turner Keeseville; Andrew Ulrichs, Greene; Henry Jacob Van Vleck Hudson ; John Buckley Vemoy, Albany ; Roland Otto Vogel Schenectady ; Roy Scofield Wallace, Nonvich ; Albert Dudle; Warner, Albany; Lloyd Beardsley Whittaker, Hudson; Johi William Wieser, Albany; Brooks Frank Wood, Salisbur; Center, At the meeting of the Alumni association following the com- mencement exercises, B, L, Maltbie, '85, of Newark, N, J., w,-;- elected president to succeed Garrett V. Dillenbeck of Albaii> The other officers are: First vice president, C. B, Sloai: Cobleskill; second vice president, L. B. Whittaker, Hudson secretary W. A. Larkin, Albany; treasurer, E. C. Hutman Albany; historians for 1886, Henry A, Kerste, Schenectadv 1891, Herbert E, Walker, Schenectady; 1896, L, D. Larkin Glens Falls; 1906, Frank W. Rice, Albany. ST. LOUIS C. P. COMMENCEMENT The forty-ninth commencement exercises of the St. Loi.)- College of Pharmacy were held at Sheldon Memorial Hall, May 19. There was the usual musical program, Degrt - ■ were conferred by John C, Falk, Ph. G., M, D„ president, if graduate in pharmacy and bachelor of pharmacy classes. In troduction was by Prof, H, M. Whclpley, dean, Pharmaceuti cal Chemist Cla.ss was introduced by Prof. Charles E. Caspar; Valedictory address — "Drugs and the Men" — was by Arthu E. Bostwick, Ph. D., librarian St. Louis Public Librar> Alumni prizes were conferred by William H. Thaler. Ph. G M. D. .VnnniiiKement of college prizes and honors was b^ Otto A, Wall, Jr. Ph. G., M. D. The graduate in pharmacy class: Louis Abramson. Mgiine Tchcrni.coff, Russia ; Clyde ^lurphy Anderson. Rockville, Mo Leslie William Barnes. Walter Edwin Howald, Cuba, Mo George Bosche, Ph. B., 1911. Glenn Adrian Burkart Walte .\rden Burkart, Paul Au,gustus Burnette. Ph. B.. 1913. Phili Ludger Chiles, Joseph Frey, Theodore Charles Hagenow Samuel Honigberg, Frank Eugene Lane, Jr.. Lawrence Ra< coe ^larglous, Albert John Martin. Otto John Moser. Ph. P 1910, Theodore John" Nelligan, Henry "William Reiss, F Francis Sennewald, George Marcus Weiss. Louis Frankli Westlake. St. I^uis: Alfred William Couch, De Soto, Mo Curt Louis Dauber, Mascoutah, 111,; Lyman .Xrnienious Den- and, Kenneth Nye Robinson, Floyd Loftus Welch. Warrens burg. Mo.; Edmunds Grey Dimond, Winona, Miss.; Gus tave Adolph Dorullis, Centralia, 111.; Joseph Frank E\'an.< Mountain Grove, Mo.; Carter Giles Gibson. Hope, Ark June, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 275 Willard Arthur Guyton, Potosi, Mo.; Jesse Everett Harmon, Houston, Mo.; Walter Sylvester Hunter, Macon, Mo.; An- drew Louis Muentefering, East St. Louis, 111.; Charles Her- man Riley, Salem, Mo.; Enos Sanford Sisk, Licking, Mo.; John Olhmar Sum, Washington, Mo. ; Clarence Robert Walker, Hermann, Mo.; Farrar McNeal Wilson, Lebanon, Mc; John Zajicek, Collinsville, 111. Bachelor of Pharmacy class: Herbert William Bixon, Mid- dlebrook, Mo.; Harry Erwin Grafe, St. Louis; Leo George Kohl, Belleville, 111.; Roland Henry Kraege, Yorktown, Te.x.; Walter Scott McCormack, Koshkonong, Mo.; Burl Hulbert Smith, East St. Louis, 111 Pharmaceutical Chemist: Harold Rufus Rowe, Ph. G., 1913, Willow Springs, Mo. Forty-ninth Annual Faculty Dinner was given for the gradu- ating class at Hotel Jefferson, the evening of May 18. Pro- fessor Whelpley was toastmaster. Following were the toasts and those who responded : St. Louis College of Pharmacy, J. C. Falk, Ph. G., M. D., president; Omega Phi Society, Walter Arden Burkart, president, St. Louis; Alumni Association, William H. Thaler, Ph. G., M. D., St. Louis; Graduate in Pharmacy, Albert John Martin ; Bachelor of Pharmacy Class, Harry Ervvin Grafe ; Pharmaceutical Chemist Class, Harold Kraege; Medals. Glenn Adrian Burkart; The College Faculty dent J. S. Merrell Drug Co.; Class Honors, Roland Henry Kraege; Medals, Glenn Adrean Burkart; The College Faculty, Prof. Francis Hemm ; Student Life, Joseph Frey ; The Laity, Arthur E. Bostwick; The Future, Walter Sylvester Hunter; The Class of 1890, Lather M. May, St. Louis; Call of classes from 1866 to 1914, inclusive. LOUISVILLE C. P. CONFERS DEGREES At the commencement exercises of the Louisville College of Pharmacy recently held in the Woman's Club, Louisville, the degrees were conferred upon the graduates by President Simon N. Jones, and the addres of the day was delivered by Rev. J. T. Schieffelin. The valedictorian was William Orville Patterson. The following received the degree of Ph. G. : Edwin F. Abbott, Eskdale, W. Va.; Jasper Jones Bailey, Hanson, Ky. ; Theophilus P. Brown, Stanford, Ky. ; Hugh T. Collins. Lawrenceburg, Ky.; Frank B. Dougherty, Jefferson- ville, Ind.; Curtis B. Dozier, Thomasville, Ala.; Elias A. Dunbar, Jamestown, Ky. ; Luther C. Ellis, Glasgow, Ky. ; David \J. Garber, Jellico, Tenn.; Ernest S. Julian, Cleveland, Tenn.; Jonathan B. Legg, Clifty, W. Va.; Wilbur R. Parks, Irvington, Ky. ; William Orville Patterson, Hawesville, Ky. ; Hart L. Perry, Richmond, Ky. ; Frank W. Richey, Cannelton, Ind.; Robert W. Schroader, Murray, Ky.; William B. Schultz, Middlesboro, Ky. ; Charles H. Tye, Barbourville, Ky, ; Vernon Valentine, New Castle, Ky. ; Clay Louis Vallandingham, Owenton, Ky.; John W. Wear, Murray, Ky.; Clarence H. Adams, Robert P. Brumleve, Carl J. Eilers, Samuel Levin- stein, Harry L. Pfeiffer, Jack Posnansky, Arthur T. Schreiber, Joseph C. Seitz and Karl H. Strober, of Louisville. Twenty-five juniors were awarded certificates of successful examinations. NEW JERSEY C. P. GRADUATES 26 Diplomas were awarded to twenty-six graduates of the New Jersey College of Pharmacy by President William O. Kuebler, at the commencement exercises held in Wallace Hall, Newark, on May 12. .Addresses were made by Dr. Philemon E. Hom- mell, dean of the college, and Rev. Dr. W. Warren Giles of East Orange. Five out of seven prizes awarded went to Irving I. Jacobs. The others were won by Samuel Gruben and George H. Father. The other graduates were Charles K. Wendell, Joseph De Rosa, Harold S. Connamachcr, William Pearl, E. Gilmore Dutcher, Albert W. Bach, Louis Levy. William A. Messner, H. Isador Paroly, Tobias Schulhof, Ernest J. H. Schneider, William Schavelson, Lee Bolshon, Lawrence Cohen, Maurice J. Gartenberg, Nathan Kerber. Jacob D. Kaplan, Clifford Lester, Irving Leipsig, Walter W. Lawson, Jeanette Schole- nick, Elizabeth Butler and Alia Daneski. After the exercises the members of the class held a ban- quet at which Mr. Connamacher served as toastmaster and gave the class prophecy. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS Prof. Joseph P. Remington, of Philadelphia, delivered the annual commencement address at the graduating exercises of the University of Illinois School of Pharmacy, held in New Central Music Hall, Chicago. The degrees were conferred by Judge O. A. Harker, dean of the Law School and represent- ing President Edmund J. James. After awarding the prizes the valedictory address was delivered by Marshall T. Brekke. The following members of the class received diplomas: Richard J. .Anderson, Chicago; Samuel L. Baker, Gary, Ind.; Mike R. Bianco, DuQuoin; Frederick E. Boehm, Neenah, Wis.; Marshall T. Brekke, Rice Lake, Wis.; Walter O. Buck- rucker, Chicago; Guy B. Davis, Abingdon; Ray R. Davis, .Abingdon; Grover O. Drais, Onawa, Iowa; Harry L. Eberly, Aurora; Roy F. Fraser, Elizabeth; Victor L. Geispitz, Chi- cago; Louis A. Gorham, Chicago; Louis L. Haffner, Bloom- ington ; Ralph Hawthorne, Alma ; Michael Jacobson, Chicago ; George W. Jindrich, Chicago; Archie K. Johnson, Jolietj Joseph J. Kakacek, Chicago; Rudolph H. Krebs, Milford; Theodore A. J. Leckband, Grand Mound, la.; Charles J. Lesko, Chicago ; Stephen E. Malkewicz, Chicago ; Bates A. Marriott, Galesburg; Philip A. Masterson, Clinton, Iowa; Franklin C. Mueller, Jefferson, Wis. ; Frank C. Niemeyer, Stockton; Oswald E. F. Obermiller, Galena; Joseph W. Ray- craft, Springfield; Robert C. Reed, Quincy; F. Harold Seeger, Beardstown; Bayard E. Simmons, Chicago; Ernest L. Slink- ard. Grand Junction, Colo.; Clifford R. Spalding, Clinton, la.; August F. Stahl, Jr., Chicago; Stewart Strain, Chicago; Roy W. Woelffer, Lake Mills, Wis.; Lawson J. Cooke (Class of '13), Goodland, Ind.; Fred L. Leib (Class of '14), Anna; Lillian Vorsanger (Class of '12), Chicago. Twenty-two additional members of the class received cer- tificate of having finished the course successfully, and will re- ceive their diplomas when they have reached the required age and obtained the necessary practical experience. Certificates were also awarded to 14 special students. Following the commencement exercises, a reception and ban- quet of the alumni association was held at the Congress Hotel, 125 alumni and friends being present. Toasts were responded to as follows: "The University of Illinois", Judge O. A. Harker; "Pharmacy", Professor J. P. Remington; "The Alum- ni Association", President L. L. Mrazek ; "The Faculty", Professor W. B. Day; "The Class of 1915", President H. L. Eberly; "The Class of 1890", Dr. Charles A. Albrecht. Professor C. M. Snow presided as toastmaster. The occa- sion was a most enjoyable one. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY At the recent commencement exercises of Northwestern Uni- versity, School of Pharmacy, Chicago, 34 graduates received the degree of graduate in pharmacy. They were: Walter H. .Ayres, Robert S. Barnes, Roy R. Barnes, August E. Claus, Roy W. Cloe, Charles A. Collins, George L. Curtis, Clayton A. Deitz, Lindsay Z. Fletcher, Harry R. Graves, James P. Hagen, Earl P. Haney, Charles H. Henkel, George M. Hickey, Leo J. Hillman, William H. Holbrook, William E. Hyland, Adlie V. Isaacson, Frank S. Kimball, Cecil D. Lightfoot, Clarence B. Lovell, Warren B. McCabe, Palmer E. Nelson, Raymond Pfeiffer, George F. Pihl, Grant H. Preston, Francis C. Reinardy, Miguel S. Salinas, Charles H. Smith, Laurie L. Stitzer, Samuel B. Wade, Frederick W. Waterman, Lysbeth A. Whitefort, Frederick B. Wolff, Jr. The address to the graduates was given by Dr. A. E. Swanson, of the School of Commerce of the University, his subject being "Business A.spects of Professional Pharmacy". The diplomas were presented by President A. W. Harris. At the annual banquet of the Alumni Association, Glenn Frank, alumni secretary of the University, told of the work being done in professional pharmacy by many of the alumni. Prof. W. B. Day of the University of Illinois gave an address on the work of pharmaceutical organizations; Prof. R. H. Gault spoke on "Psychology and Pharmacy", and Dean John H. Long made an address on "Pharmaceutical Education". — .Albert Plaut, president of Lehn & Fink, wholesale druggists. New York, was recently elected first vice-president of the Merchants' Association. 276 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [June, 1915 KANSAS CITY C. P. GRADUATES At the thirtieth annual commencement of the Kansas City College of Pharmacy held on May 13 in Grand Avenue Temple, Kansas City, twenty-four students received the degree of graduate in pharmacy, which was conferred by Dean David V. Whitney. The programme included musical selections and an address to the graduates by Dr. Paul Paquin. The college medal was awarded to Harry F. Kelly of Kansas City for the highest general average, with honorable mention to E. Giles Wickwire of Larned, Kan., there being but one point difference in the averages. Melville D. Brown and Thos. S. Evilsizer were tied for the Alumni Medal for the chemistry laboratory prize and both were given gold medals. Chas. H. Bohrer, West Plains, Mo., won the junior medal with an average of 86 per cent. J. Wallace King and Frank P. Conlon were given honorable mention. Following is a list of the graduates: Lusk Bakker, James Manford Boles, William Clarence Burt- nett, Lyle J. Connely, Melville Dale Drown, Thos. S. Evil- sizer, Herman R. Friedson, Ray Delmar Grun, Asta Hansen, William T. Hauber, Harry Frances Kelly, Douglass Lauder- milk, Gayland S. Leamon, Mack E. McAuley, Joseph F. Marecic, William D. Sheehan, Leo Sleifstein, Curtiss W. Smith, J. Wray Vaughn, Walter Raymond Wallace, Wendall H. Way- delich, E. Giles Wickwire, Jr., Richard C. Williams, Belva Harman Wise. N. Y. C. P. JUNIOR CLASS DAY The Alumni Association of the New York College of Pharmacy held Junior Class Day exercises at the college on May 12th, the day before the college commencement. Dr. George C. Diekman delivered the opening address. Other features on the program were as follows: Instrumental trio, F. E. Ambrose, Miss May O'Connor and K. H. Kirkland; tenor solo, John Amico; "The Fairy Dance," Miss Hortense Seliger, "The Whirling," Miss Antoinette Rink, and "Spanish Dance," Miss Seliger and Miss Rink ; imper- sonations, Murray Leslie ; "A little bit-of-exerything," by the Columbia cabaret trio, consisting of A. Weinstein, A. Pizik and S. J. Bravin; two chocolate coated pills, Wm. M. Levitt and N. Aronofsky; Leo Feist's 1915 song successes, Arthur Shields and Sam Wilson; college movies, all stars; and soprano solo, Miss Frances Sendler. The Junior roll of honor was read by Jeannot Hostmann, president of the association, who also awarded the alumni prizes. The list follows : Isidore Gell-Mann, first prize, torsion balance; Mrs. Es- tella J. J. Baddour and Wm. J. McBride tied for second prize and each was av\'arded a copy of Amy's "Principles of Phar- macy;" Harold S. Ball, third, Culbreth's "Materia Medica and Pharmacology;" Truman A. Linck, Herman S. Klein, Eernard Skyanek, Jos. Simon, Ernest Capeci, James H. Cum- niing, Julius Schatz, Milton W. Sakson and Conrad Klingele. B. C. P. '15 CLASS POST GRADUATE DINNER Brooklyn College of Pharmacy class of 1915 held its post ■graduate dinner at the Hofbrau house, Brooklyn, on the •evening of May 4. The guests of the class on this occasion were Caswell A. Mayo, president of the A. Ph. A., Dr. W. C. Anderson, dean of the college, and Professors Lohness and Mayer. Harry L. Goldwag, president of the class, officiated as toastmaster and practically all the members of the class were •called upon to respond to toasts. Atlanta Twenty-six graduates were awarded diplomas at the com- mencement exercises of the Atlanta College of Pharmacy held recently in the Atlanta theater of the Georgian city. Dean George F. Payne acted as master of ceremonies, and the pro- gramme included the following speakers; J. A. Coles, Arkan- •sas, salutatory; M. L. Arnau, Dublin, Ga., historian; A. F. Meyer, Shreveport, La., class poet; and W. P. Thomas, "Sparta, Ga., valedictorian. Jersey City The last of the series of special lectures was delivered at the Jersey City College of Pharmacy by Dr. Paul S. Pittcngcr, pharmacologist of the H. K. IVfulford Company, Philadclpliia. on "Biological Assays". The lecture was supple- mented by a brief description and demonstration of one or more methods coming under each of the three types, namely; 1st type: Reed and Vanderkleed Guinea-pig method, Hough- ton's 12 hour method, Famulener & Lyon's 1 hour method; 2nd type; Blood pressure method for suprarenal extract, Blood pressure method for ergot; 3rd type; Isolated uterus method for Pituitary. Dr. B. S. Pollak, medical director of the Hudson County Tuberculosis Hospital at Snake Hill, also addressed the students on the very important subject "Problems on the Prevention of Tuberculosis". The lecturer, a former professor of Sanitary Sciences at the college treated the subject of tuberculosis not only from a medical standpoint, but also from the sociological side. University of Iowa The students of the College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, recently played their first game of baseball in the inter-departmental series, their opponents being the students of the Dental College. The score resulted in a tie — 3 to 3. It is the intention of the College of Pharmacy to celebrate the thirtieth year of its history by giving a reunion dinner at the time of the meeting of the state association, which con- venes at Clear Lake on June 8. All former students are ex- pected to be present and help make the occasion memorable. Prof. R. A. Kuever was a speaker before the joint conven- tion of the Iowa State Association of Registered Nurses and the Iowa League of Nursmg Education held in Iowa City recently. University of North CaroUna In conjunction with the extension department of the Uni- versity of North Carolina, the department of pharmacy of that institution have established an employment bureau, the service being under the direction of J. G. Beard, assistant professor of pharmacy, who is also secretar>' of the State Pharmaceutical Association. The purpose of the bureau is to establish an agency whereby drug store proprietors may se- cure clerks and clerks locate positions without expense to either party. The department of pharmacy claims for this de- parture the merit that characterizes the extension feature of the University's work, and solicits the co-operation of the druggists of the State in this new undertaking. Dinner to Dr. Williara Mansfield Dr. William Mansfield, professor of pharmacognosy at the New York College of Pharmacy, affiliated with Columbia University, was tendered a complimentary dinner at Allaire's Scheffel hall, 17th street and Third avenue, on the evening of May 20th, by the members of the first evening class at that institution. As guests at the dinner, besides Dr. Mans- field, were Caswell A. Mayo, president of the American Pharmaceutical .Association, and J. Leon Lascoff, president of the New York State Board of Pharmacy. The members of the class present were: Edward A. Wickham, toastmaster; John R. Wall, George Oberdorfer. Dr. ISI. R. Schmidt, A. Henning, U. W. Friedmann, Wm. J. Downer, E. J. Kennedy, jr., and A. Huth. Students Inspect P. D. & Co. Plant Among recent visitors to the Detroit laboratories of Parke, Davis & Co. wore twenty mechanical engineering students from the University of Pennsylvania, forty students from the INIechanical Engineering Department of the Case School of .■\pplied Science at Cleveland, and forty engineering students from the Ohio State University at Columbus. These visits were a part of the prescribed course of study of the several student hodi.s ir.l wore interesting and instructive because of the varii il nr.d i \i. nsive machinen.* in operation at the com- pany's i>lant. Oihor recent visiting parties to the labora- tories included l.>5 monibers of the I)rug Salesmen's .Asso- ciation of Detroit, and twenty-five members of the Michi- gan State Normal College Chemical Club. On iMay 15 the pharmacy students of the University of Michigan inspected the plant and were later dined at the Hotel Statlcr. Practical demonstrations in the biological and pharmaceutical departments were made for the part>' of 85. W'. D. Paton was in charge. Dr. R. Miller, head of the company's experimental departmejit, presided at the dinner. Dr J. M. Francis gave an address. Jlxe, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 277 Honest Advertising for Patent Medicines Proprietary Association Heartily Endorsed the Printers' Ink Bill at Its Recent Convention THE Proprietar\- Association of America heartily endorsed the Printers" Ink model advertising law at the thirty- third annual convention of tliat organization, held at the Waldorf -.\storia hotel, New York City. This measure, in the states where it has been enacted, makes the misrepre- sentation of goods through tlie medium of advertising a mis- demeanor. The association recommended that this law be enacted in every state in the Union. The members also enthusiastically denounced the Xew York City Board of Health's formula disclosure ordinance, many present characterizing the measure as unconstitutional, "czar- like" and otherwise obnoxious. Several members made it known that tliey were not inclined to obey the ordinance. No action was taken, however. The great amount of time spent upon the discussion of the above two propositions minimized the attention accorded the question of price maintenance, the proposed publicity cam- paign to eliminate substitution on the part of retailers in their handling of proprietaries, and a campaign to combat newspaper crusades against "patent medicines", which are conducted, it was asserted, regardless of the merits of indi- vidual remedies. The association in 1914 went on record as in favor of a bill to prevent discrimination of prices and to provide for publicity of prices to dealer and the public. The details were left to the executive committee. At this meeting the association, contrary to expectation, did not again go on record as endorsing the Stevens bill or any of the principles of price maintenance, this inaction perhaps being due to the lack of time for its due consideration. President Frank J. Cheney, of Toledo, O., head of the as- sociation for ten years, was absent from the convention, be- cause of illness. He was elected honorary president. A. H. Beardsley, of the Dr. Miles Medical Co., Elkhart, Ind., was elected president. The other officers are: First vice president, William H. Gove, Lydia Pinkham Medicine Co., L>Tin, Mass. ; second vice president, Allen F. Moore, Pepsin Syrup Co., Monticello, 111.; secretary-treasurer, Charles P. Tyrrell, Syracuse Medicine Co., Syracuse, N. Y. ; executive committee : Joseph F. Hindes, Emerson Drug Co., Baltimore; R. R. Land, Dr. Kilmer Co., Binghamton, N. Y.; F. K. Hyde, Mentholatum Co., Buffalo, N. Y.; Will A. Peairs, Chamberlain Medicine Co., Des Moines, la.; Z. C. Patten, jr., Chattanooga Medicine Co., Chattanooga, Tenn.; Carl J. Balliett, Foster-Milbum Co., Buffalo; Frank Blair, Foley & Co., Chicago. Harry B. Thompson, general counsel for the association, decried in his address the star chamber proceedings of the Board of Health of this city. In his opinion the proprietors could obtain justice in proposed legislative activities only in public hearings, when the opportunity was presented to argue their side. Whenever legislative bodies conducted their de- liberations in private, or denied the proprietors a hearing, then the latter could not hope to get other than unfavorable legis- lation and rulings. J. W. Jacobs, of Atlanta, Ga., representing a number of Southern religious publications, read a brief entitled "A Cam- paign of Defense for the Proprietary Association of America." In it he pointed out the rapidly growing sentiment backed by powerful organizations, demanding that all statements in regard to commodities be true. "Public sentiment in America," he asserted, "is rapidly crystallizing in favor of the condem- nation of any manufacturer of a proprietary remedy who ad- vertises that remedy for purposes for which it is not fitted, etc." He recommended that a standard of integrity in busi- ness transactions of all kinds be established as a sine qua non for membership in the Association, also a standard of effi- ciency in the commodities manufactured by its members, and a standard of truthfulness in the representations made by its members in regard to those commodities. The speaker recommended a trade mark for the association which should be advertised and which individual members should be licensed to use — after examination into their affairs and methods so as to secure the full approval of the associa- tion under its ethical rules. The advertising value of such a joint symbol, considering what it would stand for, would be enormous. Publications which now refuse patent medicines might be Induced to carry tlieir advertising. Also, the dignity of the patent medicine manufacturing house would be raised, for there is no reason why the patent medicine house could not be raised in the public estimate to the same position oi digni- ty as the banker, or the great manufacturer in other lines. That Mr. Jacobs' proposition would cost money was ex- plained by Mr. Jacobs. "It will cost money, perhaps several millions of dollars, certainly not less than $1,000,000 to get it well started." The members of the association, however, did not evince any inclination to raise the million to get Mr. Jacobs' scheme to "put the Proprietary Association right with the American Public Opinion" "well started", but there is no gainsaying that all present were much interested in his perusal of the brief. Other addresses were made by Caswell A. Mayo, president of the A. Ph. A., Charles A. West, Boston, president of the N. W. D. A.; Dr. Henry C. Lovis, president of the National Association of Manufacturers of Medicinal Products; David Watson, of Montreal, president of the Canadian Proprietary Association; Henry R. Strong, of St. Louis; Henry C. Fuller, of the Institute of Industrial Research, Washington, D. C. ; Carl J. Balliett, of Buffalo, on "Proprietary Medicine Adver- tising," Ervin F. Kemp, of Chicago, subject, "The Secretary of Committees." Much of the association's proceedings was conducted in executive session, a deviation from its open meeting policy of the past two years. KANSAS DRUaGISTS "INDIFFERENT" Secretary of State Association speaks his Mind — W. J. Bangs Re-elected President "Kansas druggists are indifferent and stupid. They have noticed a change in their business, yet they do not join an organization to determine the cause of the change. A number of the members are in arrears from one to three years and are careless." This was the assertion of D. Von Riesen, of Marys- ville, secretary of the Kansas Ph. A., made at the recent 36tb annual convention of that organization, held at the Scottish Rite Temple, Wichita. Mr. Von Riesen recommended that the end of the fiscal year for the association be made Decem- ber 31, instead of May 31. He suggested that J. Leyden White, George P. Englehard and Harry B. Mason be made honorary members. His annual report showed a total of 646 members. W. J. Bangs, of Madison, was re-elected president. The other officers are: First vice president, E. E. Bloom, Hutchinson; second vice president, B. C. Culp, De Soto; secretary, D. Von Riesen, Marysville; assistant secretary, J. M. Brunt, Topeka ; treas- urer, J. Schmitter, Gypsum; librarian, L. E. Sayre, Law- rence. By resolution, the association provided for a fund to de- fray the expense of an investigation of drug stores suspected of violating the prohibition law of the State. A committee of three was appointed to carry out this work, and its mem- bers will report any violation to the proper officials. Earles L. Schaefer won the automobile presented to the druggists by the traveling men. The secretary's salary was raised from .S150 to $250. Matt Weightman, Jr., for 20 years a druggist of Topeka, was endorsed as Republican can- didate for State treasurer. Kansas City was chosen as the place of meeting for 1916. The date will be May 16, 17 and 18. Professor C. F. Nelson, of Kansas University, informed 278 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [June, 191, the members that they would be given the opportunity of attending free school for a week at the University in the fall. The course will consist of a week's lectures on various branches of pharmacy, and an effort will be made to secure the attendance of a large number of Kansas druggists. Pro- fessor Nelson urged the pharmacists of the State to estab- lish analytical laboratories and to place them in the front of their stores in place of soda fountains. "In this way," he said, "pharmacy may be raised from a plane above business and below that of a profession to a real profession. The laboratory can be fitted out for $400 to $500 and would pay well. The pharmacist should be fitted for the position of city chemist or bacteriologist and would be in a position to aid physicians in making tests. He would be raised to a plane equal to that of the physician." Other speakers were: I. F. Deam, State food and drug inspector; Dean L. E. Sayre, of the Kansas University School of Pharmacy; W. D. Mowry, wholesale druggist, Kansas City; F. W. Ekstrand, Salina, member the State Board; A. Congdon, food and drug inspector for the State Board of Health; Edward Hamill, secretary-treasurer of the Pharmaceutical Travelers' Auxil- iary; J. S. Chism, Wichita; S. T. Jocelyn and J. Leyden White, Washington, D. C. WANT PHARMACISTS ON HEALTH BOARD liouisiana Ph. A. to Interview Governor — ^A. D. Parker charges Injustice Resentment against the Louisiana State Board of Health, of which Dr. Oscar Dowling is chairman, because of its regulation insisting upon the registration of the ingredients of all patent medicines containing narcotics, came to light at the opening session of the annual convention of the Louisiana State Pharmaceutical Association in New Orleans last week. A. D. Parker, president of the Parker-Blake Drug Com- pany, a wholesale concern of New Orleans, which manufac- tures a great many proprietary remedies, was most vehement against Dr. Dowling and the Louisiana State Board of Health. "The regulation is unjust and unlawful," he said in a speech to the convention, "and I will fight it to a finish." He de- clared that about $5,000,000 is invested in the drug business in Louisiana, much of which is represented by proprietaries. "The druggist is the last man to create fiendism or to de- stroy the happiness of any home," said Mr. Parker, "and I take this occasion to deny that patent medicines are respon- sible for the majority of drug fiends." It was decided at a later session of the convention to ask the assistance of Governor Hall in providing for the election of pharmacists and other health experts to the state board of health. At present only physicians are eligible. A com- mittee consisting of A. D. Parker, Fred A. Earhart and C. A. MacDonald was appointed to wait on the Governor. The election of officers resulted as follows: Fred A. Earhart, New Orleans, president; Charles A. Mac- Donald, Port Allen, first vice-president; Eugene H. Daste, second vice-president; Dr. George S. Brown, treasurer; George W. McDuff, recording secretary; Joseph T. Baltar, corres- ponding secretary. Members of the executive committee elect- ed are: Peter Rupp, J. P. Walker, Martial B. Castiex, E. J. Bemadas and Sid J. Peters. Wilmington Druggists Elect OflScers The Wilmington (Del.) Association of Retail Druggists recently elected the following officers: President, Miss Nora Brendle; secretary, Vincent Matthews; treasurer, Albert Dougherty; executive committee, John O. Bosley, Mrs. Etta Devoe, R, H. Newsome and L. F. Sanders. Pennsylvania Ph. A. Auxiliary Action To create a "larger Pennsylvania Pharmaceutical Associa- tion", the Traveling Men's Auxiliary of that body recently conducted a one-day campaign for members in Philadelphia and suburbs. The city was divided into .10 districts and two teams, under the leadership of John J. McCullough and Edward T. Hahn, engaged in a contest for the honor of secur- ing the greatest number of members. It is reported that the rampaign was very successful. WHITNEY BILL NOT APPROVED BY ALL Kings Co. Ph. S. Members Protest "Responsibility" Provision at May Meeting Dr. William C. Anderson presented an interesting report on legislation at the May meeting of the Kings County Pharma- ceutical Society, held at the Brooklyn College of Pharmao-. in the course of which he outlined the Whitney bill, which passed both houses of the State legislature, the Bloch law and various recent regulations under the Harrison law. The Whitney bill had been held up by the department store people until the poison schedule was altered. The measure, however, still contained an objectionable feature for druggists in that it made the proprietor equally responsible with the clerk for the acts of the clerk. The provision previously in the bill making the rules of the State Board of Pharmacy the same as law had been withdrawn. Dr. Anderson had not heard at the time of the meeting whether the Whitney bill had been signed by the Governor. He concluded his report by express- ing the opinion that the members could congratulate them- selves that no dangerous measures had been enacted. Dr. Anderson was asked why the society had not protested the provision in the Whitney bill on the proprietor's respon- sibility for his clerk. He explained that it had been the custom to give the State association a free hand in State legislation, and that this matter was squarely up to the X. Y. S. P. A. legislative committee. The members should protest at the Buffalo convention in June. Jacob H. Rehftiss, a member of the State Board, in explaining the situation, stated that the Board had been blocked in its enforcement of the law, and that for the sake of the public health it was neces- sary to make the proprietor responsible for his clerk. The consensus of opinion, however, seemed to be that if the bill was passed employers of drug clerks would be done a great in- justice. Thomas J. France, chairman of the committee on supervi- sion, reported that the college would graduate 31 post-gradu- ates and 143 seniors. He announced that Dr. Wm. Morgan, formerly assistant in pharmacognosy on the college faculty', had been made assistant instructor in pharmacy, and Dr. Jacob H. Rehfuss had been appointed lecturer in pharmaceu- tical Latin and assistant instructor in pharmacognosy. The sum of $50 was voted toward the fund to defray the expenses of the State association at its Buffalo convention. WHOLESALERS SEGREGATE NARCOTIC DRUGS Charles A. West, of the Eastern Drug Co., Boston, presi- dent of the N. W. D. A., and F. E. Holliday, general repre- sentative for the same organization, attended the fifth annual meeting of the Mississippi Valley Druggists' Association, held at the Planters' hotel, St. Louis, Mo. Mr. West urged on the members the necessity of segregating all drugs included in the Harrison law. Sixty-five representatives of wholesale firms in the territory between Cleveland, O., and Denver. Colo., were present, and speakers among these told how they enployed special help in charge of the segregated stock in their establishments and did not permit the filling of any orders for narcotic drugs until the Government order blank was displayed. The members expressed themselves as feeling hopeful that the new Federal Trade Commission would prove beneficial to business. Trade conditions in the territory from Chicago to Denver were said to be normal, while those in the South were exhibiting considerable shrinkage in volume. Oppose Printing Formulas on Proprietaries At a recent meeting of the Philadelphia .Association of Re- tail Druggists, a resolution was adopted unanimously sup- porting the State Senate Bill No. 714, which if passed, will make it unlawful for druggists to sell or handle any patent preparation containing narcotics, advertised for administra- tion to infants under three years of age. It is the purpose of the bill to put an end to the "doping " of infants by un- suspecting parents who purchase patent medicines. Resolu- tions were also adopted by the association opposing bill 555. which, if passed, would require the formula to appear on the label of all patent medicines of a remedial nature. June, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 279 ALLIED RETAILERS MAY FIGHT CHAIN Co-operative Movement By New York Merchants Urged Against Merger of Riker-Hegeman Co. and United Cigar Stores Co. 'I'liat all retail merchants, not alone the independent re- tail druggists, would suffer by the consummation of the pro- posed Riker-Hegeman Co. and United Cigar Stores Co., mer- ger, was asserted by Dr. William C. Anderson, chairman of the New York Pharmaceutical Conference, at a recent m:et- 1 ing of the Metropolitan Association of Retail Druggists, the local athliated body of the N. .\. R. D., held at Uie New York College of Pharmacy. Dr. .-Vnderson made tliis point in endeavoring to show why any legal fight which might be waged against the proposed combination should be instigated by a conference of New York " retail merchants, and not by the pharmaceutical conference. I One look at the police department's placard announcem»nt •of the articles a druggist must not sell on Sunday, only four •or five of which are handled by independent druggists, and all of which are handled by the chain stores, would suffice to show why all retailers should be interested in a legal fight. In the list were articles carried by hardware stores, bric-a- . brae shops, electric supply emporiums, stationery stores, leathei , shops, toy shops, picture stores, jewelry stores, haberdasheries, etc. Allied Conference at "Work Dr. Anderson explained that the conference of allied re- ' tailers, the organization of which had been begun a year or ' so ago when the Stevens bill was being so strenuously agi- tated, had been permitted to languish, but was not "dead."' The committee in charge of its permanent organization, v/hich •was also to draw up a constitution and by-laws, is again ac- tively engaged in this work, and a meeting will be held in a •week or so. The conference will consist of a number of dele- gates from every retail line in the city. Through this con- ference every retail trade encroached upon by the chain stores could join in any litigation which might be found feasible. Upon motion of Jacob H. Rehfuss, chairman of the legis- lative committee of the National .Association of Retail Drug- gists, the chairman of the M. A. R. D., A. Klingmann, v.-as authorized to appoint three delegates to the allied retailers' conference. This motion also favored action in the matter by the conference. Gro-wing Into Department Stores The danger to all retailers, including the big d^ipartment stores, was enlarged upon by Dr, Anderson, who pointed out ' the subtle effect of the policy of the chain drug stores in gradually putting in a line of general merchandise and at the same time doing business under the style of a drug store. The public had considerable respect for a drug store and under the guise of the drug store it was easier to dispose of general merchandise than it was to dispose of the same goods through a straight out-and-out general or department store. It was osier for a drug store to be a department store and sell general merchandise than for a department store to go into the drug business by launching a drug department. The trend from the chain drug store to the chain drug department store has already begun. It will be furthered by the merging of a drug chain with a cigar store chain. All retailers should join in any fight which might be made to stop the movement, said Dr, Anderson, Stevens Bill Discussed Mr, Rehfuss presented a brief report on National legis- lation, pointing out that although Congress was not in session, the Stevens bill was receiving considerable attention. "Cer- tain men are trying to work their own ideas into the bill. They are trying to get in provisions on 'honest advertising' and 'justifiable profits.' Any provision for the latter will mean that a court will have to decide the question. Manufacturers will not take advantage of the act, if these things are put in it." The consensus of opinion among those present was that the Stevens bill should remain a price maintenance measure, ' "pure and simple." The question was raised as to whether the Proprietary Association of .America was opposed to price maintenance, and many present thought that the proprietors should take a stand on the subject. Invites N. A. R. D. to New York John R. Young, representing the Convention Bureau, of the New York Merchants' Association, through the M. A. R. D., invited the N, A. R, D, to hold its ne.xt convention in New York City, His proposition was that the N. A. R. D. could have every inch of floor space it required free of charge, and could otherwise obtain more accommodation for less money than it could elsewhere in the country. In the past three years every association, save one, which had booked through the bureau to hold its convention in this city had registered a greater attendance than ever before in its history. The ex- ception was an organization whose secretary sent out the notices only eleven days before the convention. Mr. Young had even looked into the matter of entertainment and inferred that this item would not be an expense to the local retailers. AS THEY GO MARCHING ON Riker-Hegeman Co. and Riker-Jaynes Co. Acquire Stores — Liggett Sells Three in Baltimore The Riker-Hegeman Co. has sub-leased one of the stores, and part of the basement and sub-basement in the building to be erected on the site now occupied by "The Sun", at Nassau and Frankfort streets, New York. The drug store will oc- cupy part of the Nassau street side of the proposed building. The leasing company will pay an aggregate rental of $273,000 for 21 years, or a yearly rental of $13,000. The space is sub-leased from the Schulte Realty Co., which leased the ground floor and basement of the proposed building a few months ago for 21 years. The new store will be of particular interest to the drug- gists of New York City in that the Perry Pharmacy, for many years located in the World building, will for the first time experience competition in its own territory for the pa- tronage of the Brooklyn bridge crowds. When the late Dr. Charles J. Perry's estate was settled up, it developed that the Perry Pharmacy Association, the corporation conducting the drug store, had a capital stock of $40,000, consisting of 400 shares, of which Mr, Perry owned 200. The stock in the drug store was valued at $14,000, and the fixtures at $1,000. The good will brought the value of the stock up to $185 a share. The corporation pays $25,000 a year rent, and the lease is good until 1921 and cannot be transferred or sublet. It is understood that several corporations have been willing to pay twice the rent paid for the location. Worcester, Mass,, May 15, — The three stores in Worcester, Springfield and Holyoke, formerly owned by Henry L, Green, of Worcester, have been sold to the Riker-Jaynes Drug Co. A Riker inventory crew was put to work immediately and merchandise not handled in Riker stores was cleared out at greatly reduced prices. The stores, it is reported, will be closed, and Mr. Green will open a store in Leominster. Green's Boston store was purchased by Riker-Jaynes Drug Co. a week or so before the above deal was consummated. Scranton, Pa., May 15, — It was recently reported that the Riker-Hegeman Co, is jobbing around for a suitable location in one of Lackawanna avenue's busiest blocks. Several owners of buildings on this thoroughfare were asked for prices, but the representative of Riker-Hegeman Co, denied that it was his company. This representative is quoted in the Scranton "Times" to the effect that "if the Riker-Hegeman Co. can get a lease on a certain building on Lackawanna avenue they will open a store here; if they can't they won't come here. One store more or less doesn't make much difference to them," Baltimore, Md., May 15. — It is said that the Ralph A. Nattans Drug and Chemical Co., consisting of Ralph and .Arthur Nattans, have closed a deal for the purchase of the three Liggett drug stores in Baltimore. The stores are situ- ated at 17 West Lexington street, the southwest comer of Eutaw and Lexington streets and at the northeast comer of Baltimore and Eutaw streets. The new corporation is also .said to have secured a long lease on the former Academy hotel property, at thf northwf.st comer of Howard and Frank- lin strcr-t.s, :in<] will frcct an imposing stmcture thereon for occupnnrv on tlie Ground floor by a drug store. The Nattans are said to contcmijlate covering the city with a net work of drug stores. 280 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [June, 191.". WORKIITG FOR KECIPROCAL REGISTRATION Forecast of Points to be Considered at Coming: Meet- ing of N.A.B.P. — Syllabus in Present Form Criticised By arrangement of the members of the Executive Committee of the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy and chair- men of the various committees representing the American Conference of Pharmaceutical Faculties, who met recently in Washington, D. C, the annual joint meeting of the two or- ganizations will be held in San Francisco on August 7. In previous years the National Association of Boards of Phar- macy has always held meetings on the same dates as those selected for the American Pharmaceutical Association, but the programme provided this year provides that the meetings will be held just previous to the Convention week of the A. Ph. A. The dates of meeting selected by the N. A. B. P. are August 5, 6 and 7, while the Conference of Faculties will hold its initial meeting on August 6. This arrangement will permit members of both organizations to attend the A. Ph. A. meetings without conflicting with N. A. B. P. meetings. According to secretary H. C. Christensen, the discussions of the Executive Committee of the N. A. B. P. at its Washington meeting forecast many important points to be brought up at the coming Annual Meeting of the Association. These are: First : An effort to have future annual meetings held at central points in order that equal opportunity may be afforded members attending the meetings, thereby increasing attendance and consequently obtaining better results. Second: An arrangement for reporting the annual meeting so that a synopsis of it may be available for publication di- rectly after the convention closes. Third: An endeavor will be made to persuade boards that now reciprocate locally, i. e. through agreements between two or more contiguous states, to have applications for reciprocal registration filed through the N. A. B. P. with certification of registration, grades and other required qualifications certified to by secretaries of Boards, on the official application blanks of the Association in the regular way. It was the opinion of the Executive Committee that this would greatly facilitate and further the work of the association with regard to the general uniformity of requirements for reciprocity. Fourth : The correspondence submitted by the Secretary showed that failure in the past of a number of Boards to keep records of grades of candidates it registered or loss or de- struction of records, etc., rendered it impossible for the secre- tary of the reciprocating board, at this time, to comply with the requirements relative to furnishing this data ; and that this condition worked a hardship on many pharmacists who would like to avail themselves of reciprocal registration. This condition applies particularly to the older registered men. An effort will, therefore, be made to so modify existing regulations as to permit the reciprocal registration of pharmacists so affected. Fifth: The Executive Committee also took up several ques- tions relative to the "Harrison Narcotic Law" with the Federal Commission having matters pertaining to this law in charge. A number of suggestions made by the Committee was taken imder advisement by the Commission and results will be later aimounced. The Committee also assured the Federal Offi- cials of the support and cooperation of the N. A. B. P. and of the member Boards of the Association. The important Joint Meeting of Chairmen of Committees representing the American Conference of Pharmaceutical Faculties and the N. A. B. P. with the Executive Committee was significant in its tone, as it indicated the "get together" spirit of both Boards and Faculties — the teaching and examin- ing bodies, that have to do with our pharmacists, present and future, a spirit that, perhaps, has not always been conspicu- ous by its presence. The sentiment of the meeting might be summed up by the words of Mr. Burton who said: "It was hoped that this movement would bring about a condition between members of Boards of Pharmacy and members of Schools of Pharmacy Faculties, that \\,>u\A ].r(ive mutually beneficial and result in more thorouKh h .nnn!; ,111(1 examination of the future phar- macist". Di. lI.Mis'in si lted that a condition such as it is hoped to briiif^ about as a result of the present movement for a closer relationship between Faculties and Boards had been one of the day dreams of his life." He further stated that "Boards of Pharmacy having legal status and the care of tb' public should accept the responsibility and demand, with th advice and consent of the Faculties, such teaching as wi: meet the requirements of the Boards for public protection. He believed that the Faculties would welcome the propose' cooperation. In a discussion regarding suitable examination questions an^ the Syllabus as a guide for use in the preparation of ques tions, it was the general opinion of those present that th Syllabus in its present form does not serve the purpose to th best advantage. That in order to make it a practical guic for examination or for the preparing of questions for tr. State Board of Pharmacy examination, it should be revise' with a view of separating or designating material contaim; therein in such a way as to indicate or outline the part ■ parts to be followed or used as a guide, in order to obtai proper scope and distribution of questions. Further, that a possible sources of help in this work should be utilized. Th . examination questions should be prepared with a view r testing a candidate's fitness and qualifications to perform h: duties as a pharmacist rather than to determine the examiner ability to compile a set of questions that will "f?unk" th largest number of candidates. The advantage of separat- sets of examination questions for assistants, with proper dis- tinction between the questions used for assistants and thos used for registered pharmacists. W'hile gratifying results hav been attained in the past two years with regard to improve and more uniform examination questions and methods thes features will again be given much prominence and considera- tion at the coming Convention. Some of the topics listed for papers and discussion at the joint meeting of the N. A. B. P. and Conference of Faculties on August 7, are; (a) Relationship of Local Boards with Local Colleges. (b) More perfect and beneficial Relationship between th Boards and the Faculties. (c) Prerequisite I^aws — their Benefits and Objections. (d) The relationship of the Boards and the Faculties tc the American Pharmaceutical Association. (e) Business referred to the Joint Sessions by the Boards or the Faculties. BOWLING DRUGGISTS ELECT OFFICERS At the fennual meeting of thei American Drug Bowling" Associa- tion held in Atlantic City on ISIay 9. the following office.-- were elected: President, L. S. Reed, New York; vice-presi- dent, George Armour, Baltimore; secretary, Dr. Wm. B Christine, Philadelphia; executive committee; John Mooney, Philadelphia; Warner Malsch, New York; and William E Smuck, Baltimore. L. S. Reed, of New York city, was vinanimously elected president. Other officers chosen were: Vice president, George Armour, Baltimore; secretary. Dr. William B. Christine. Phila- delphia ; Execu"'"'' Committee. John Mooney. Philadelphia : Warner IMalsch, New York city, and William E. Smuck, Bal- timore. James McCorkle. of Philadelphia, received the prize for greatest number of 200 games. John ^looney, also of the Quaker City contingent, got the high single game award ISIcCorkle also took honors here, but the ruling of the asso- ciation allows only oi;e award to each contestant and hence this cup went to the second best score recorded by Mooney Tin nuwt .-strikes were mad- W- L. S. Reed, of New York city, (■ Iiill, of Baltimore, was credited with the most split sparc-i, ^\■arIler Malsch recorded most honor games. W B. Ferguson, New York city, rompiled highest spare per centage, .878. W. A. Stoutenberg, also of Ncv York, hcl high sheet for three games. W. J. Conklin, of New York city, rolled high six games. W. B. Ferguson aggregated second high sheet. The latter won the trophy givrn by Retiring President Charles C. Buchanan, of Philadelphi? Want Sunday Sales in Drug Stores Restricted The Citizens' Enforcement League of Presque Isle, Me., have filed a protest against the Sunday opening of drug stores for any other purpose than that of filling prescriptions or selling needed medicines. The League also calls for a strict enforcement of the law relating to tlie selling of cigarettes. JcxE, 1915J THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 281 News of American Pharmaceutical Association N. Y. BRANCH HEARS TWO GOOD PAPERS Dr. Hatcher Discusses Dig-italis Infusion; E. H. Gane Liquid Petrolatum, a Timely Subject Two interesting and important papers were read before the New York branch of the American Pharmaceutical Associa- tion at its May meeting held at the New York Collige of Pharmacy. One was on "The Deterioration of Di-itilis In- fusion", presented by Dr. Robert A. Hatcher, the cjtlur by E. H. Gane, of McKesson & Robbins, on "Liiiuid IVtrola- tum, Russian and .\nierican." Dr. Hatcher's paper was only a preliminary statement of a few experiments relating to this preparation, but his results indicate that another cherished idea regarding the instability of digitalis galenicals will soon re- ceive its deathblow. It has long been believed that digitalis infusion is very unstable, losing its strength in even one or two days. Schmiedeberg found that the digitoxin in the infu- sion, decomposed, forming toxinsin, of a nature similar to picroto.xin, which acts directly on the medullary centers, and causes vomiting. Dr. Hatcher pointed out that deterioration to the pharmacist means any change which renders a pre- paration unsightly, such as precipitation, but to the pharma- cologist such alterations are comparatively unimportant, and deterioration means to him only a loss in activity. This latter species of deterioration is always referred to in the present paper. .■\ sample of powdered digitalis leaves was moistened with an equal weight of water, and kept in a tightly stoppered bottle for four months, at room temperature. From time to time portions were removed, and made into infusions. Al- though the remainder of the sample had grown moldy, the infusions made after four months showed a loss of only one- half of their original strength, and the action was typically that of digitalis, not of picrotoxin, as was proved by blood pres- sure tracings. Schmiedeberg's statement to the contrary was probably based on the fact, since demonstrated by Hatcher and Eggleston, that digitalis also acts on the centers and causes vomiting. A number of infusions were then made by the U. S. P. process, and also without the addition of alcohol and cinna- mon water. They were kept under various conditions of temperature. Those which were maintained at a temperature of about 40 degrees in an incubator showed a slight loss of strength after 28 days, while those kept on ice did not change in activity. The addition of alcohol had apparently no effect in a preser\'ative way. An infusion kept in an open flask in the laboratory over a radiator, and hence under the worst pos- sible conditions, lost only 50 per cent, of its activity in 30 days. Another lot, made by the U. S. P. process, and allowed to stand in open in the laboratory at the ordinary temperature, lost no strength in 19 days, and after 35 days was only slightly weaker. The proper method for making infusion of digitalis is to heat the drug, in No. 60 powder, with 100 parts of water, for one hour on a boiling water bath, whereby a temperature of about 90 degrees is reached. The solution should then be filtered, and the addition of alcohol is not at all necessar>'. As a matter of fact, the action of the infusion and the tincture is exactly the same, and there is no reason why the in- fusion should be used or prescribed at all. During the extended discussion which followed. Otto Rau- benheimer stated that the forthcoming U. S. P. would omit the alcohol in the formula for the infusion. Mr. Gane's paper on liquid petrolatum, contained a very interesting discussion of that timely subject. The use of pe- troleum oil as a remedy dates back as far as the 80's of last century, although the substance is mentioned as early as 600 B. C. At present it is probably the most widely used internal remedy. It has no food value whatever, as it is not acted ■upon by any of the digestive juices. In the years 1900-1903. its wider employment began in this country. The action is purely mechanical, being that of a lubricant. The quality of the oil must be very high, and in this respect the present 1'. S. P. requirements are vcr\- lax. As the supply of Russian oil is now cut off, .American oils must be used, and several refmeries are already turning out a good product in large quantities. The absence of odor, taste, and color are not sufficient to insure that an oil is fit for internal use. It must also be absolutely inert chemically. It has long been known that petroleum workers are often subject to skin diseases, and lately it has been shown that petroleum contains a substance which causes increased cell activity. For this reason, the fear has been expressed that petroleum oil might cause cancer if employed for any length of time. Sulphur compounds may also be present, and some of these are very difficult to remove. The oil should also be perfectly neutral to litmus paper. The tests in the new British Pharmacopoeia should be made a minimum requirement in petrolatum intended for internal use. When shaken with concentrated sulphuric acid, there should be no red or brown color developed in the acid. Shak- ing with an alkaline solution of lead oxide should not cause blackening, proving the absence of sulphur compounds. But these tests, together with neutrality to litmus, do not insure the absence of the substance causing great cell activity. The latter can be removed by washing with hot water, and this should be a final step in the process of refining. The gravity of the oil is of little importance, and the same applies to the viscosity, except that a very viscous oil is more disagreeable to take than a thinner oil. There is no doubt that doses were formerly much too large, and the best practice at present uses doses of not more than a tablespoonful. Leakage from the lower bowel, formerly attributed to poor quality in the oil, was certainly due to the enormous doses of four or six ounces then administered, and this leakage can always be prevented by lowering the dose. The discussion was participated in by Dr. Diner, Dr. Mayer, Air. Turner, Mr. Sonnebom, and Mrs. St. Clair Ransford- Gay. Dr. Joseph L. Mayer, representing a special committee ap- pointed to consider the proposition of closing the season with a banquet, stated that there was little enthusiasm about the project at the present time, and Dr. Jeannot Hostmann, made it plain that if the affair was to be a success, the co-operation of all the members was absolutely necessary, and that the committee would disclaim all responsibility. It was decided to wait until next fall when a plan to have dinners in con- nection with the monthly meetings will be considered. The secretary was instructed to send out return postals to ascertain the opinion of the members on the question of hold- ing semi-monthly meetings. Mr. Gane reported that the State Board of Health was of the opinion that it was not necessary to use Boylan blanks for chloral in the State, but that as long as the supply lasted, pharmacists in New York City must use the city blanks for this substance. J. Leon Lascoff stated that the Harrison law blanks would cover all cases, and that Section 126 of the city code would be amended, in accord with a recent state- ment by Dr. Emerson. Chicago At the May meeting of the Chicago branch of the A. Ph. A., President Hugh Craig was authorized to appoint three dele- gates to represent the branch in the House of Delegates for the San Francisco convention of the parent body. The dele- gation w-as not named at this meeting, but was instructed to offer the following resolution : "Resolved that the question of the deletion of Squibb's and Sun Cholera mixtures from the N. F. should be reconsidered by the X. F. committee and that they should be reinstated iri the text of the N. F." Professor C. M. Snow was elected as representative of the branch in the Ph. A. Council, to fill the vacancy caused by the expiration of the term of Professor A. H. Clark. Professor W. B. Day reported that the prospects for the enactment of the State anti-narcotic law were good, but that the passage of the anti-vending bill did not seem so likely, and the pre-requisite bill stood even less chance of getting through the Irgislnture. Win Or-ry !• id ,i iiqifT on "Redistilled Water versus Steril- izer] Di^till-d W il l ' He made the plea that pharmacists shfiul'i i-.li-tir,,l w-fer when physicians order it and not suhstitute sterilized distilled water. 282 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [June, 1915 Results of State Pharmacy Board Examinations New York Warren L. Bradt, secretary of the New York State Board of Pharmacy, reports the following list of penalties received during the present year: January — Junior violation, 5; adulterated and deficient prescriptions, 3; adulterated and deficient pharmacopeial products, 13; Total, 21. February — Junior violation, 5; adulterated and deficient pharma- copoeial products, 8; adulterated and deficient prescriptions, 6; total, 19. March — Junior violation, 9; adulterated and deficient prescrip- tions, 5; substitutions, 2; adulterated and deficient pharmacopoeial products, 11; total, 27. Alabama At the recent meeting of the Alabama Board of Pharmacy held in Birmingham, the following passed: Pharmacists— Luther C. Webb, B. W. Johnson, K. L. Walker, Edw. Q. May, C. D. Miller. B. A. Kennedy, Leo Bostwick, L. M. Murphee, R. F. Landham, C. L. Rabum, H. G. Cowan, Dave Bowen, Fay F. Feagen, J. C. Pope, Jas. L. Dean, A. L. Cain, C. Q. Terrin, D. B. Berry, C. M. Stephenson, Wm. C. Hall, H. C. Smith, F. F. Johnson, A. M. Rachal, W. A. Brown, H. M. Man- gum, E. A. Southworth, Chas. L. Krebs, Jr., R. L. Snow, Carnet Hagan, W. F. Pierce, Thos. D. Tanner, H. R. Thayer, J. M. Bridges, G. N. Odum, P. B. Goldstein, W. T. Thomas, H. E. Holton, A. T. Bradford, S. T. Anderson, H. L. Davis, H. V. Seidenspinner. Assistants— Hertz, McDougal, W. L. Faley, E. S. Inman, F. Boisfinlet, Chas. H. West, L. S. Youngblood, J. W. Peacock, H. H. Moorer, H. White, J. D. Staples, A. J. Thigpen, Jr., V. O. Mclnish, W. B. Thompson, C. A. Hart, J. O. Wikle, F. M. Lloyd, H. P. Kitchen, H. M. Goldsten, J. C. Massey, Geo. M. Mathews, W. L. Furman, J. D. Ryal. The next meeting of the Board will be held in Selma June 14. Pennsylvania Harrisburg, May 10— At the recent examination held by the Pennsylvania Examining Board in this city, thirty-two persons applied for registration as pharmacists, and seventy as qualified assistants. Of these the following were successful: Pharmacists — Arthur L. Baer, Pittsburgh; Gennaro L. Salerno Harry B. Simon. Charles J. Heinie, Robert K. Worrell and Frederick G. Hoffman, all of Philadelphia; George L. Helwig, Ashland; Samuel B. Faust, Juniata; G. Thomas Flack, Muncy; Harry C. Strine, Shamokin; Horace Willmers, Dubuque, Iowa- John J. Green, Jr., and Samuel H. Fiitz, New York, N. Y.; Charles A. White, Williamstown, N. J. Qualified Assistant Pharmacists — Ada M. Bernstein, Herman L. Cossoy, Robert Dinklocker, Jos. M. Fabiani, Jacob H. King, Clifford Lenninger, George Lulie, Herman E. Muller, Charles Ring, Law- rence M. Rosenfeld, Edward E. Stephenson, Samuel Weissman and James Wilson, all of Philadelphia; Francis A. Coughlin, Archbald; Fred A. Kahler, Bloomsburg; Cyrus A. Waters, Chatham Run; Leslie S. Webster, Enola; Ravmond C. Wagner, Hanover; John F. Maile, Jenkintown; Harry J. Hagenbuch, Mauch Chunk; Hudson O. Mann, Milton; John R. Ashcom, New Florence; Robert C. Dix, Nicholson; Harry R. Neal, Norristown; Harry E. Brenner, Shippensburg; Walter E. Gemmill, Scottdale; Anna L. Schultz. Tremont; William M. Smith, Trevorton; Russell L. Brown, West Pittston; Harry W. Gruver, York, and Gerald S. Pittman, Bur- lington, N. J. The next examination will be held in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, and the Pittsburgh College of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, on Ju'ie 8 and 9. Louisiana New Orleans, May 5— The Louisiana State Board of Pharmacy, through Secretary Jos. T. Baltar, announces the result of the examination held at Tulane University, February 19th and 20th as follows: For Registered Pharmacist— Numa G. Aubry, Rene Bienvenu, R. Fred Crosby, W. Elmo Ducet, Lawrence J. Knobloch, Eloi Melancon, G. Perez y Pena, J. Warren Tarbox, Harold B. Williams, Walter W. Munson. For Qualified Assistant— Clovis J. Bouvier, Miss Francisca Tomas, Felix J. Voizin, John R. Germany. The next examination will be held in New Orleans May 21st and 22nd. ' Rhode Island Providence, May .^-Twelve of the fourteen candidates before the Rhode Island State Board of Pharmacy recently were success- ful in the examination for registration. They were Charles W. Lambert, Frank Anthony, Frank Colacci, bydney Cohn, George O. Forcier. Herman Rosenwcig, Gono Ste- fano and Carl G. Carlson, Providence; Leo W. Gleason, Woon- socket; Charles Karnowsly, Pawtucket; Michael J. Deady and W. Leo Higgins, Westerly. Ten dissolutions of partnership were re- corded and eight new registrations made. Oreg"on The Oregon state board of pharmacy announces that of those who took examinations in Portland Tanuary 12 and 13, the fol- lowing passed and received certificates: Registered pharmacists— Nathan Fnllcrfon. Rnschiirg- Tracv S.i- very, Portland; E. W. Radkc. Portland : W C Vau. 'Vtta New- berg; W. W. Wvatt, Portland; Charles Graham, Oregon City; George W Davis, Silverton; H. G. Adkins, Portland; Francis- Lamberty, Springfield; W. S. Hopkins, Portland; R. A. Leisy, Portland; H. B. Allen, Milton; E. H. Stolten, Portland; Morris Rathkowitz, Portland; Jesse Schad, Elkton; Ruby E. Baker, Salem; W. T. Emmett, Portland; O. E. Silverthorn, La Grande; Clifford Harlow, Portland; P. C. Cordiner, Astoria; H. F. Mathies, Port- land; R. S. Watson, Dayton; G. W. Nesbit, Portland; Ida M. Spears, Milwaukie; H. G. Blakeley, Brownsville; A. W. Alward, Corvallis; Roy Perry, Portland. Registered assistant pharmacists — ^Joseph V. Garbarino, Port- land; C. G. Thomas, Portland; C. W. Tidball, Portland; Alfred Brown, Astoria; E. W. Ford, Portland; E. E. Ginn, Portland; R. Estes, Portland; Thomas H. Allen, Portland; J. A. Duncan^ Portland; P. C. Blakely, Stayton; C. B. Dalton, Independence; Earl Watkins, Portland; Bertie Ruth, Eugene. Those receiving the highest general averages were: Senior, Charles Graham; junior, Bertie Ruth. Another meeting of the board was held at Portland on April 13 and 14. Kansas At the fourth quarterly meeting of the Kansas Board of Phar- macy held at Manhattan on Feb. 10 and 11, 56 applicants were examined. Of this number 38 were successful and received cer- tificates as follows: Registered Pharmacists; Wilbur W. West, Soldier; M. C. Prater, Hardtner; Ivan L. Wallace, Randall; Fern L. Robertson, Udall; W. W. Adair, Lawrence; Cecil C. Ober, Milton vale; John R. Rouse, Cunningham; Tom J. Elliott. Wichita; G. W. Bell, WichiU; Roy L. Northrup, Topeka; B. R. Jliller, Cottonwood Falls; Franty Lee, Wichita; Clarence R. Kraum, Emporia; Paul M. Brewer, Wichita; Earle J. Richey, Altamont; Argyle F. King. Wichita; George McEckron, Concordia; L. B. Vering, Jamestown; S. S. Casey, McCune; L. B. Thomas, Wichita; W. C. Burnett, lola; P. E. Curtis, Norton; Alonzo G. Ellison, Lawrence; Earl G. Alexander, Wichita; Donald Fulton, Abilene; Ionia H. Rudy, Kansas City; George L. Fickle, Manhattan; Glenn Sowe, Longton; O. V. Mulnix, Potwin; R. C. Williams, Marion; T. E. Sinclair. St. John; R. L. Hoffmann, Kansas City; F. P. Hollenback, Jr., Olathe; Ewing Brierly, Kansas City: John T. Keller, Kansas City; Byron W. Schroeder, Leavenworth; Mrs. X. J. Randall. Cherokee. Registered Assistant; Chas. F. Turner, Topeka. The following pharmacists were registered on diploma from recognized colleges of pharmacy: Melvin O. Johnson, Oneida; Leon A. Kuebler, Gridley; James B. Early. Lawrence; James P. Withrow, Kansas City; Henry C. Sckoler, Bonner Springs. Pharmacists registered by reciprocitv: Anna A. Kempin, Corning; George Wm. Jehlik, Cuba. Pharmacists restored to the register: Frederick A. Bever, Kansas City; J. A. Kelley, Kinsley; H. E. Fowler, Independence; Karl L. Roese, McCune. The next quarterly meeting will be held at Ellsworth in August. Persons desiring to take the examination should notify the secretary. W. E. Sherriff, Ellsworth, Kansas, at least five days before the meeting. Texas At the regular meeting of the Texas Board of Pharmacy held at Waco on Jan. 19, 38 applicants took the examination, the fol- lowing passing successful grades: John H. Clark, Dallas: W. L. Flake, Water Valley, Miss.; Geo. C. Francisco. Mineral Wells; J. D. Hyde, Dallas; Wm. D. Julian. Kennard; L. P. Mc. Garity. Frost; Martin D. Montemayor, Braulio :Montcmavor, Eagle Pass; W. R. Russell, Mart; August E. Staffa. San Antonio: Joe C. Stone, Dallas; Eugene C. Underwood, Ballingor: S. T. Vaughan. Jr., D. P. Ward, Jr., Dallas: Isadore Wicsonthal. Galveston. A regular meeting was also held on M.iv IS at Wichita Falls for the transaction of routine business. The next examina- tion for applicants to practice will be held on June 14 at Houston at which time the State association convenes in annual Missouri Following is the list of successful candidates who took the exami- nation given by the Missouri Board of Pharmacy on Jan. 11, at Jefferson Citv: Rcgistrrr,! 'rharn,ru i-t-: Flt,.,i R, Wi. chart. Sheldon; A. E. Hart. Parni.,; r..i..- M.-. --r. I! ■:■ I Coday. Mansfield; .'■ I"'' . , I, Beck. Norborne; '■>'V " I'' 1' \ I: ,. 16 W. 3rd St.. Bclle- ^■■'li'- III . 1- \'crn!..iit. St. Louis: Charles Clar- 'I'lp' ,'] '■ 1) .likliii .\ve., St. Louis; Augustus G. Schroe- VsMM.nii- WiihiMi I Walls.. 432 Clark Ave., Tefferson City; Otto ( ravvl,.r,l, .— -Sihuiulni i- Co.. New York, N. Y. Toilet lotions, facia* and massaRi.' preparations and ointments. 79,410— John Ampey. Chicago. 111. An eye remedy. 82,653 — Enrique Cera. Barcelona, Spain. Tonics for the nerves. 85,247— The Thclah Co., St. Marys, Ohio. Catarrhal powders, h«ir tonic, etc. 85.722— Sallco & Shaughnessy Co.. Detroit, Mich. Hair tonic 85,779— Kloczewski & Crisp, Washington, D. C. Antiseptic moath wash. 84,792 — The J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Conn. Talc powder, face powder, etc. 85,807— The Bayer Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. A substitute for the iodids. 85.926— Richard Hudnut. New York, N. Y. Perfume, toilet water,. headache cologne, etc. 85.972— American Chemical Co., PhiKidelphia. Pa. Witch hazel. S5. 988— Stefan Hcindl, Pittsburgh. Pa. Foot powder. 86.018 — Krinol Chemical Co.. Minneapolis. Minn. An ointment. 86.033— Emecol Chemical Co., Asheville. N. C. Toothe paste. 86.040— Kongo Products Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Hair tonic. June, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA DOMINANT TREND OF MARKET UPWARD General Stiffening of Prices for all Continental Drugs and Many Chemicals — Financial Situation Reported Satisfactory- See Pages 43 to 51 for Prices Current. Ch.\xges Since Last Report D— Acetanilid lb. 1.40 - A— Acetone, Pure C. P. Medicinal lb. .36 - D— .\cid. Benzoic, German lb. 2.00 - A_\cid, Carbolic, Cr>stal Bulk lb. 1.55 - 10 and 5-lb cans lb. 1.65 - 1-lb bottles lb. 1.65 - A — Acid, Cinnamic oz. .22 - A — Acid, Citric, Cr>'Stals, Kegs lb. .57 - Less lb. .61 - D— Acid, Gallic, l4, Y2, and 1-lb. cartons ..lb. .80 - A— Acid, Oxalic lb. .25 - Powdered lb. .29 - A— Acid, Salicvlic, 1-lb. cartons lb. 2.00 - Bulk lb. 1.95 - A — Acid, Tartaric, cr\stal lb. .45 - Powdered lb. .46 - D— Acid, Valeric oz. .16 - A — Adeps Lanae, Anhydrous lb. 1.10 - Hydrous lb. .85 - A— Alcohol, Cologne Sp. 95%, U.S.P. bbls. gal. Less gal. 2.90 - Commercial, 95%, U. S. P. bbls. gal. Less gal. 2.85 - A— Alcohol, Denatured, Bbls. and ^-bbls. gal. .39 - •D— Althea Root, cut lb. .55 - A — .\mmonium Benzoate from true B,zoic A oz. .22 - A — Ammonium Bromide, 1-lb. bottles lb. 1.15 - A — Ammonium Salicylate lb. 1.00 - A — Ammonium Valerate oz. .21 - D — Arnica Root lb. A— .\tropine, l/8th oz. vials oz. 26.00 - (A— .Atropine Sulphate, l/8th oz. vials ...oz. 25.25 - D — Beans, Tonka. Angostura lb. 1.35 - Vanilla, Mexican, long lb. 4.00 - short lb. 3.50 - .\— Bone, Cuttlefish lb. .35 - D— Buchu Leaves, long lb. 1.35 - ' Powdered lb. 1.45 - short lb. 1.35 - ' Powdered lb. 1.45 - A— Buckthorn Bark lb. .35 - D— Camphor, Refined, bbls lb. .44 - Yi-Va. squares lb. .45 - Powdered lb. .50 - ' Japanese lb. .44 - D — Canary Seed, Smyrna lb. .08i^- ,A — Capsicum lb. .35 - Powdered lb. .37 - >D — Cascara Sagrada lb. .18 - D— Cascarilla Bark lb. .22 - A — Chamomile. Roman or Belgian lb. .48 - A— Colchicum Seed lb. .75 - Powdered lb. .80 - ■ D— Colocynth, Select lb. .45 - ; Pulp lb. .56 - A — Condurango Bark, true lb. .50 - [A— Copper Sulphate (Blue Vitriol) lb. .08 - Barrels lb. .06i/4- — Coumarin oz. .42 - yf^— Creosote, Beechwood lb. 1,25 - 'D— Cudbear lb. .25 - ■\— Dandelion Root lb. .35 - Cut lb. .38 - - 1.50 - .37 - 2.25 - 1.65 - 1.70 - 1.70 - .25 - .63 - .67 - .90 - .28 - .32 - 2.15 - 2.00 - .50 - .51 - .20 - 1.20 - .90 - 2.70 - 3.05 - 2.65 - 3.00 - .44 - .60 - .26 - 1.25 - 1.35 - .25 - .45 -27.25 -26.20 - 1.45 - 4.50 - 4.00 - .45 - 1.45 - 1.55 - 1.45 - 1.55 - .40 - .46 - .50 - .60 - .54 - .09 - .42 - .42 - .20 - .26 ■ .85 - .50 - .60 ■ .55 .11 -.071/4 - .48 ■ 1.35 - .35 ■ .38 .\— Digitalis Leaves, German lb. .35 — .40 Powdered lb. .42 — .47 Pressed, ounces lb. .35 — .40 .A— Dog Grass, Cut lb. .45 — .50 .•\— Dover's Powder lb. 3.40 — 3.85 .\ — Elm Bark, Ground, pure lb. .30 — .35 Powdered, pure lb. .32 — .37 A — Euphorbium lb. .34 — .38 Powdered lb. .40 — .45 A— Fennel Seed lb. .38 — .44 D— Gamboge, Select Pipe, Bright lb. .85 — .95 A—Glycerin lb. .22 — .35 A— Grains of Paradise lb. .35 — .40 Powdered lb. .40 — .45 D — Henbane Leaves, German lb. .32 — .42 Powdered lb. .28 — .46 D — Hexamethylenamine lb. .70 — .78 A — Hydrochinon oz. .22 — .25 A — Hyoscyamine Hydrobromide gr. .17 — .20 D — Iodoform, Cryst, and Powdered lb. 4.60 — 4,75 A— Ipecac Root, Carthagena lb. 5.75 — 5.90 Powdered lb. 6.00 — 6.25 Rio lb. 5.75 — 5.90 Powdered lb. 6.00 — 6.25 A— Kamala lb. 1.75 — 1.85 Powdered lb. 1.85 — 2.00 Purified lb. 2.00 — 2.10 .A.— Lanolin lb. .65 — .90 Anhydrous lb. .90 — 1.10 A — Licorice, Corig lb, .30 — .35 Mass lb. .29 — .34 A — Lithium Bromide lb. 2.60 — 2.70 A — Lithium Salicylate lb, 2,40 — 3.00 A— Malva Flowers, Small lb, 1,45 — 1.55 D— Matico Leaves lb. 1,00 — 1.10 D— Menthol, Crystal lb, 3.00 — 3.25 A — Mercury lb. 1,32 — 1.40 A— Musk Root lb. .60 — .65 Powdered lb. .70 — .75 .A.— Naphthalene, Flakes or balls lb, ,12 — .15 .\ — Nickel and Ammonium Sulphate lb. .21 — .25 A— Oil Birch, Black (Betula) lb. 2.40 — 2.60 A— Oil Caraway lb. 2,25 — 2.30 .A.— Oil Cassia lb. 1.25 — 1.60 D— Oil Cod Liver, Norwegian gal. 1.50 — 1.60 Barrels ea. 37.00 —39.00 i/^-Barrels ea. 19.50 —21.50 D— Oil Cubeb lb. 3.40 — 3.50 .\— Oil Gaultheria Leaf lb. 4.60 — 4.90 A— Oil Lemon lb. 1.30 — 1.40 D— Oil Lemongrass lb, 1,25 — 1.35 A— Oil Mustard, Artificial lb. 3.50 — 3.60 A— Oil Orange, Sweet lb. 2,00 — 2.15 A— Oil Peach Kernels lb. .40 — .45 D— Oil Pennyroyal lb. 1.65 — 1.75 A — Oil Peppermint, Western lb. 1.85 — 2.00 Oil Sandalwood, English lb. 5.85 — 6.25 A— Oil Thyme, Red, No. 1 lb. 1.65 — 1.80 A — Oil Wintergreen, Synthetic lb. 1.60 — 1.75 .A.— Oil Wormseed, Baltimore lb. 2.45 — 2.55' D — Opium, Natural lb. 7.60 — 7.75 Granulated lb. 9.20 — 9.75 U. S. P. Powdered lb. 9.10 — 9.65 D— Orange Peel, Curacoa lb. .10 — .15 .\— Pink Root lb. .65 — .75 D — Podophyllin Resin lb. 3.10 — 3.25 A — Potassa, Caustic, com lb. .12 — .20 A — Potassium Bromide lb. 1.15 — 1.25 A — Potassium Carbonate (Pearl Ash) lb. .22 — .26 Refined (Sal Tartar) lb. .25 — .28 A — Potassium Chlorate lb. .35 — .42 Powdered lb. .36 — .43 A — Potassium Permanganate lb. .75 — .80 288 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [June, 1915 A — Potassium Sulphide lb. .32 — D— Prickly Ash Berries lb. .20 — A— Resorcin, White lb. 1.65 — A— Rochelle Salt lb. .23i/^— D— Rose Leaves, Red lb. 2.35 — D— Salol lb. 2.15 — D — Sarsaparilla, Honduras, cut lb. .55 — Mexican, cut lb. .20 — Powdered lb. .26 — A— Seidlitz Mixture lb. .IQi^— A — Senna, Tinnevelly, select lb. .32 — D — Silver Nitrate crystal oz. .38 — Fused cones oz. .43 — D— Soap Tree Bark, Whole lb. .18 — Cut lb. .22 Powdered lb. .23 — A — Sodium Bromide lb. 1.10 — D— Sodium Phosphate, Gran lb. .08 — A— Sodium Salicylate lb. 1.90 — A — Strontium Bromide lb. 1.10 — Salicylate lb. 1.50 — D— Sunflower Seeds lb. .12 — A— Thymol lb. 8.05 — A— Valerian, English lb. .40 — Powdered lb. .45 — A — Vanillin oz. .55 — D— Wahoo, Bark of Root lb. .45 — A— Wax, Bees, Yellow lb. .45 — Japan lb. .18 — A — Wormseed, Levant (Santonica) lb. .85 — Powdered lb. .90 — D— Zinc, Metallic, CP lb. .35 — Not, A, advanced; D, declined; C, correction; N, new .40 .25 1.75 .27 2.40 2.35 .60 .25 .30 24/2 .36 .42 .46 .22 .28 .27 1.20 .12 2.05 1.25 1.75 .16 9.50 .45 .50 .65 .50 .52 .23 .90 1.00 .45 NEW YORK, May 22 — The dominant trend of the mar- ket since our last report is in the direction of a general stiffening of prices for those products which have here- tofore been imported from the countries at war. The probable effect of the entrance of Italy into the conflict has also been the subject of much speculation, but as yet, no great ad- vances in prices have been noted, nor has any extreme scar- city been reported for drugs and essential oils indigenous to that country. But that these products will ultimately be af- fected more or less by the continuation of hostilities, there seems to be no reason to doubt. In the primary markets of Sicily, the Messina essences are manifesting an advancing tendency, and there are indications of a revival of buying operations, but the presence of abundant supplies in this mar- ket imported early in the season will be sufficient, it is be- lieved, to meet most requirements for some time to come. In the department of chemicals evolved from coal tar and its congeners, as carbolic acid and the various synthetic pro- ducts derived from phenol, business has contracted to small volume, and the question is becoming one of obtaining sup- plies rather than that of quoting prices. In addition, many varieties of botanical drugs heretofore obtained from Germany and Belgium are becoming very scarce and prices are being marked up all along the list. Among the more prominent advances noted are those for acetone, citric acid, salicylic acid, alcohol, the various bromides, chamomile, copper sulphate, digitalis, dog grass, liydrochinon, lanolin, licorice, naphthalene, various essential oik, tli\nnil, nillin, beeswax and Levant wormseed. Declines .m unit. I inr opium, codliver oil, vanilla beans, camphor, podoiihyllin (re- sin), sarsaparilla, silver nitrate, soap tree bark and wahoo root. The number of advances greatly exceeds that of the declines, however, and seems to give rise to the lielief tli.it llie fviture of the drug market will not be materially ■IiU' imm li.ni' what it is at i)resent for some time to come, 'lln ii : : i-i i i 1 1 and banking situation throughout the country , i ■ -, most satisfactory, and from financial centers t' cations that affairs are in good shape for all e. Opium — In the abs. iu. of more than :i ligl i ers generally have ' ' 'i li-ir ]iri..-s lo • <••[ natural; $9.20@.?'' ^ iiii..! .n-y. S"lo, ,„,, ponnd for TT S I \ |.oiu i nn- M.uuh- ■ ■•.I ' 1 .i Vr, ,.H,,,„is, valued ■o II ; iHiur,,!. \,ihied at |M 1 1,1.1 ..1 liie \ lous year. .\ sI.uIn iliiii.uul ioi iHiiii lionuslic and forcisin account is reported, and no immediate advance in prices is anticipated Quinine — The market for this alkaloid and its salts is firmer with a steadily increasing demand for Europe in evi- dence, American manufacturers generally quoting on the basis of 28c for bulk in 100-oz, tins. An increase in the quantit>' of cinchona bark imported is reported for the nine months ending March 31, viz., 2,641,155 pounds, valued at $380,129, the quantity for the corresponding period of the previous year being 2,290,284 pounds, valued at $281,078. On the other hand, less quinine sulphate has been imported, giving rise to the suggestion that manufacturers here are increasing their output of this salt. The shipments of bark from Java Europe for the first four months of this year are reported as 2,529,000 pounds compared with 4,983,000 pounds for the first four months of last year. Cod Liver Oil — In a jobbing way quotations have been duced, but nevertheless there are cable reports of a growing scarcity of stocks in Norway, as the demand from Germany and other countries has been far in excess of the current production. The catch for all Norway to date is 57,000,000 fish, yielding 40,250 barrels of oil, as compared with 66,800,000 fish, yielding 42,540 barrels of oil for the corresponding son last year. Jobbers in this market are quoting $1.50@$1.60 per gallon, $37@$39 per barrel, and S19.50@$21,S0 per half barrel. It is also reported that Germany has contracted for something like 45,000 barrels of Norway oil which is prac- tically equivalent to a year's output. Carbolic Acid — Extremely limited supplies are reported, and jobbers are firm in their endeavor to spread stocks in a manner that will meet the greatest number of consumers. Quotations have been advanced to $1,55@$1,65 per pound for crystal in bulk; $1,65@$1.70 per pound in 5- and 10- pound cans, and $1.65@$1.70 for 1-lb. bottles. Alcohol — An active demand for all grades of grain alcohol is reported, and quotations have been advanced to $2.70 per gallon by the barrel for Cologne spirit, 95% U. S. P.; and $2.90@$3.05 for less; $2.65 by the barrel for commercial QS?"" U. S. P., and $2.85@$3 for less. Denatured is quoted at 39@ 44c per gallon in barrel and half-barrel containers. Bromides — Following the advance in the price of bromine due to scarcity, manufacturers have marked up all of the medicinal bromides and jobbers quote as follows; .Ammonium, 1-lb. bottles, $1.15@$1.25; potassium, $1.15@$1.25; sodium, $1.10@$1.20; strontium, $1.10@1.25. Reports from London indicate that offers of American made bromides in that r ket are becoming very difficult to obtain. Cuttlefish Bone — Scarcity of supplies here and reports of depleted stocks in Trieste have not been without effect on quotations here, prices having been advanced to 35@45c. Camphor — A revision of jobbing quotations shows a slight- ly lower range, with refined held at 44@46c per pound in barrels, 45@50c in ;4-lb, squares, and 50@60c for powdered. Digitalis Leaves — Increasing scarcity of the German va- riety is shown in the upward trend of prices, jobbers quoting 35@40c per pound for whole, and 42@47c for powdered. Pressed in ounces ar.' held ,-it 35'g40c. Ipecac Root — .\ m m ity is reported in all grades, due in part to the increasing deni,nii]s for the alkaloid emetine, and quotations have been ailwme.i! t.i ,^,=^.75 r;'S5.O0 for Cartha- gena, and $6@6,25 for rou.;,i,,l Ri,. '.-Id at S5.75@$5.oO per pound for whole, and ,~^( (iSo_ - tor |h .iered. D.\xnKiieiN -German root is in very seanty supply and the tn nil of ] ri. ^ strongly upward, jobbers quoting 35@38c for \vli..l. . Mi'! ./ 44e for cut, III . II' 1,1 v\ I - R.'cent .irrivals of supplies from the coun- try of liro.liu lion ill. I ,1 l.u k ,;r!"and are shown in tlie ea'siiiu ..if in i-ri.. v \-'r.-i h,i\iee .••./.ucd to $1,35@$1,45, and l.ow.l- I. .1 to SI .45 VI ,<1 .55 per jm uml Short leaves are quoted u SI v^ $6.25 per pound. Synthetic wintergreen oil is strongly hi Id June, 1915J THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 289 on account of restricted stocks, and has been advanced to $1.60@$1.75 per pound. Oil of sweet birch is also higher at $2.40@$2.60, and oil of gaultheria leaf to $4.60@4.90. Sarsap.muila — All varieties are in easier supply and prices have been marked down to 55@60c for Honduras cut. Mexi- can, cut, is quoted at 20@25c; powdered, 23@27c. Soap Tree B.ark — Quotations are lower and jobbers are asking 18fe22c for whole, 22@28c for cut, and 23@27c for powdered. Vaxill.\ Be.\ns — While an active consuming demand is re- ported, the arrival of new supplies, with other shipments soon expected, prices are easier, j ii ln rs quoting $4@$4.50 per pound for Mexican, long, and .^i > a ,'^4 for short. .-Angostura tonka beans are also lower at $1 .35va^;i.45 per pound. Hydrochinon — Increasing scarcity of tliis photographic chemical is becoming more pronounced, 22@25c per ounce being the prevailing jobbing price. S.\LiCYi.ic .-VciD — In common with other products depend- ing upon phenol in their manufacture, higher prices prevail, jobbers quoting S2@$2.15 for 1-lb. cartons, and $1.95@$2 per pound for bulk. Oxalic .Acid — Is dearer in consequence of diminishing sup- plies, and jobbing prices have been advanced to 25@28c per pound; powdered, 29@32c. Hexb.\ke — .\ slight easing off in demand is reflected in the quotations for German leaves which are held at 32@42c for whole, and 2S@46c for powdered. Licorice — Corigliana shows increasing strength and is held at 30@35c per pound. Licorice mass is also higher, 29@34c being asked. Silver Nitrate — Following the reduction in the cost of bar silver manufacturers have reduced their prices on this salt, and jobbers are now quoting 38@42c per ounce for crys- tal, and 43@46c an ounce for fused cones. Acid, Tart.\ric — Is strongly maintained at 45@50c per pound for crystal and 46@51c for powdered. RoCHELLE Salt — In sympatliy with the strong position of tartaric acid, and the recent withdrawal of foreign competi- tion, manufacturers have revised their schedules, and jobbers are now quoting 23^@27c per pound. For similar reasons quotations on seidlitz mixture have been advanced to 19i/^@ 24^c per pound. Mercury — Advances in the prices of flask quantities have caused jobbers to revise their schedules for this metal, $1.32@ $1.40 per pound being the ruling jobbing quotation. NOW READY! The Era Narcotic List Federal Narcotic Law The Era Narcotic List This is a list of the Official and Non- Offi- cial Drugs, Chemicals and Preparations which must be sold, prescribed and dispensed under the restrictions of the Federal Narcotic Law —over 1,600 items. In Vest Pocket Size, Price 25c. a Copy copies for your Physicians S copies for $ 1 .CO ; more at $2. GO a doz. — postpaid on receipt of price. D. 0. HAYNES & CO. Publishers 3 Park Place NEW YORK Ord« 12 c. Felt & Tarrant Win Patent Suit Federal Judge Landis in the United States court at Chicago has decided the case of the Felt & Tarrant Manufacturing Co. of Chicago against the Burroughs Adding Machine Co. of Detroit in favor of die former. The suit charged infringe- ment of the Burrouglis company of the Felt & Tarrant patents on a comptometer. The testimony covered 4,000 type- written pages, but the judge's decree was the shortest on record: "Decree for complainant." The Burroughs Adding Machine Co. gave notice of an appeal. Dayton, O. Druggists Organize Thirty Dayton, O., druggists have formed a Dayton branch of the Ohio Pharmaceutical Association, incidentally placing themselves on record as favoring the enactment of the bill now pending in the Legislature under which the control of the drug business will be returned to the hands of the State Board of Pharmacy. The drug business is now regulated by the Department of Agriculture. The bill also provides for higher educational qualifications for applicants for licenses as pharmacists. J. F. Gallaher was elected president of the organization, F. B. Todd vice president, and C. I. Perkins, secretary. Henry L. Schaeffer, of Cleveland, who is State organizer, addressed the meeting. The New York College of Pharmacy Columbia University The Eighty-seventh annual term of instruction of this College, open to men and women, will begin on Monday, September 20, 1915. The College offers a course of two years, consisting of three days' instruction weekly, to those possessing the Pharmacy Student Certificate of the New York State Education Department, based on 15 Regents' counts or one year's woik in an accredited high school, and leading to the degree of Graduate in Pharmacy. To graduates of this and other courses properly quali- fying for advanced work, a Graduate Course of one year in the microscopical and chemical analysis of foods and drugs is open. .\s a department of Columbia University, the College offers courses of 3, 4 and 6 years, of three and a half days' instruction weekly through the academic year, leading respectively to the degrees of Pharmaceutical Chemist, (Ph. Ch.), Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy (B. S. in Phar.) and Doctor of Pharmacy (Phar. D.). .\ny of these courses admits the graduate to the Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons of this University, without examination. Admission to these courses is based on graduation from in accredited high school, or the certificate of the Columbia University Committee on iMitrance E.xaminations, or of the College Entrance Ex- aniiiKitiori Pjoard. The Isaac Plaut Fellowship provides five hundred dollars ammally, for one year of study at a foreign uiiivrrsity, for that Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy whf) holds the highest rank among the members of his class. The Mav J. Tin itenbarh cash prize of «;200 and the (ieorse .1. Seabury scholarship provide tuition fees for the fourth year to the two students standing highest at the close of the third year. .\ Summer Preparatory Course of twelve weeks pre- inrrs tl;i si i.lint in special directions for the regular .f KM5-1916, evening courses in Microscopy and Pharmacog- onnection with the Exten- I r...^ r-,ity. ill ijlease communicate witii With thr Pharmacy, Cli' nosy will be ii sion Teaching Those iiiten- THOMAS F. MAIN, Secretary 115-119 West 68th Street - New York City 290 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [June, 1915 Index to Advertisers, page 26. Index to Goods Advertised, pages 27-30 Index to Text Pages Abstracts, Foreign, 263. Alcohol, Determination, 264. Almond Cream, Liquid, 254. Arcularius, F. H., 271. Ash, Louis, 272. Association, Clubs, etc.— American Drug Bowling, 280. American Pharmaceutical- Chicago Branch, 281. New York Branch, 281. Amer. Pharm. Conference, 280. Kansas Pharmaceutical, 277. Kings Co. (N. Y.) Pharm. Soc, 278. Louisiana Pharm., 278. Metropolitan Retail Druggists, 279. Mississippi Valley Druggists, 278. National Boards of Pharm'y, 280. New York C. P. Alumni, 276. Pennsylvania Pharmaceutical, 278. Phila. Retail Druggists, 278. Proprietary o£ America, 277. Wilmington (Del.) Retail Druggists, 278. W. O. N. A. R. D.- Boston Chapter, 258. Louisville Chapter, 258. Philadelphia Chapter, 258. Queen City Chapter, 258. Baby Week, Advertising, 253. Path Luxuries, Selling, 252. Beal, Prof. James H., 271. Bence, Eli, 272. Bismuth, lodo Substitution Pro- ducts, 263. Bismuth Subgallate, Basic Sub- stitution Products, 263. Boards of Pharmacy — Alabama, 282. Kansas, 282. Louisiana, 282. Missouri, 282. New York, 282. Oregon, 282. Pennsylvania, 282. Rhode Island, 282. Texas, 282. Vermont, 282. Bond, Dr. John B., 270. Books, Medical, for Pharmacist, 262. Book Reviews- Badger Chemical Diary, 1915, 266. Hamilton, Disinfection; What Disinfectant is most gen- erally Applicable, 266. Hygienic Laboratory Bulle- tins, Nos. 96 and 100, 266. Langenheim, Alkaloidal Con- tent of Stramonium, 266. Miller, Chemical and Physical Properties of Wormwood Oil, 266. Proceedings of the American Conference of Pharmaceu- tical Faculties, 1914, 266. Report of Dairy and Food Commissioner, Michigan, 1914, 266. Spatula Soda Water Guide, 266. Borjois & Co., 284. Brevium, New Element, 254. Burke, W. T., 258. Cadillac Turpentine Co., 264. Cameras, Best Paying Side Line, 267. Carboys, Inclinator, 285. Carnell, H. G., 27L Chain Drug Stores, Against Merger, 279. Charcoal, Animal, Tests, 263. Chlor-Napholeum Descriptive Significance, 265. Cinchona Alkaloids, Determina- tion, 264. Cold Cream, Theatrical, 254. Colleges of Pharmacy — Albany, 274. Atlanta, 276. Brooklyn, 273. Illinois University, 275. Iowa University, 276. Louisville, 275. Jersey City, 276. Kansas City, 276. New Jersey, 275. New York, 273. North Carolina University, 276. Northwestern University, 275. St. Louis, 274. Copperas, Dose, Veterinary, 261. Cook, S. W., 271. Correspondence, 245. Cost Accounting, 246. Cost, Figuring, 246. Creams, Cosmetic, Manufacture, 254. Cresol Remedy, Mange, 262. Curcine, 263. Davis, Bertram Swift, 272. Diesing, Victor, 271. Digitalis, Deterioration of In- fusions, 281. Draper, George S., 271. Editorials — Cost Accounting for Druggists, 243. Season of State Associations, 245. Secrets of the Chain Store, 244. The Era Narcotic List, 245. The Photographic Department, 244. Enomorphone, 263. Eupatorium, Species, Chemical Investigation, 266. Eschmann, Frederick W. R., 272. Fellows, John I., 272. Ferrous Carbonate, Mass, 264. Flies, Exterminators, Pushing Sales, 252. Fourth of July Window, 253. German Apothecaries, 251. Gift Novelties, Selling, 252. Gillette, I. F., 272. Greenland, Otto, 258. Hager, P. F., 272. Hall, P. N., 271. Harwell, Dr. W. F., 272. Henkel, Miss Alice, 257. Hubbard, Fred A., 238. Insecticide, Spray, Lime-Sul- phur, 248. Insecticides, Misbranding, 265. Investments and Turn-Overs, 245. Iodine, Brush Ampuls, 263. Iodine, Detection in Body Flu- ids, 263. Iodine, Germicidal Value, 264. Jatropha Curcas Seeds, Toxic Principle, 263. K-Brot, 264. Kreiling, Edward H. C, 271. Kunberger, Prof. E. Rudolph, 272. Law, Narcotic, Decisions, 248. Legal Decisions, 265. Lime-Sulphur Concentrates, 248. Lord, Loren B., 272. Lubricants, Summer, Selling, 253. Major, Alphonse, 271. Mange, Cresol Remedy, 262. Mansfield, Dr. William, 276. Market Report, 287. Massage Cream, 254. ^f^ssey, George, 272. Medicine Box, Herboldt's, 285. Mixing Machine, Warner's, 285. Morphine, Legitimate Use, Ken- tucky, 265. Mostly Personal, 270. Mueller, Walter, 270. Narcotic Prescription, Renewing, 261. Nattans Drug & Chemical Co., R. A., 279. Needham, Prof. R. H., 271. New York State Pharm., 251. Nickel Plating, 261. Obituaries, 272. Oil, Cod Liver, Industry, 255. Oil, Wormwood, Wisconsin, In- vestigatian, 266. Opium, Influence of Molds, 263. Osage Orange, Dye, 248. Papain, Manufacture, 264. Paraffin, Liquid, Laxative Com- bination, 263. Parke, Davis & Co., 276. Patents, Trademarks, etc., 285. Petroleum, Liquid, Use and Tests, 281. Photographic Trade, War Af- fects, 269. Plaut, Albert, 275. Poisonous Drugs, Sale and Leg- itimate Use, 265. Premiums for Druggists, 284. Prescription Directions, Unin- telligible, 262. Prescriptions, Narcotic, Refills, 248. Profits, Estimating, 246. Proprietaries, Profit on, 246. Question Box, 261. Quinine and Urea Hydrochlor- ide, 261. Rawson, Jennett A., 272. Registration, Reciprocal, Exten- sion, 280. Retail Druggist as Manufactur- er, 259. Ril er-Hegenian Co., 279. Riker-Jaynes Co., 279. Ringler, Eugene, 271. Rock, Dr. A. v., 271. RoUmann, Henry, 271. Sales, Estimating Profits, 247. Salol with Liquid Paraffin, 263. Sansby, Miss Ruth, 270. Sheffield, L. T., 271. Silver Plating, 261. Silvering, Liquid Wash, 261. Spiehler, A. M., 270. Stewart, Dr. F. E., 259. Stuart, Alan, 271. Strychnine Reactions, Interfer- ence, 263. Sumner, Lemuel F., 271. Summer Drug Specialties, Sell- ing, 252. Sunday Sales, Presque Isle, Me., 280. Syrup Ferrous Iodide, Precipita- tion, 262. Titanous Chloride as Reagent, 263. Toilet Goods, Displaying, 252. Toilet Preparations, Manufac- ture, 254. Townsend, F. K., 270. Tvndale Eucalyptus Co., 284. Urine, Albumin, Tanret's Test, 262. Urine, Heller's Sugar Test, 262. Van Vliet, P. P., 272. W allace, Mrs. Leslie C, 258. Water Colors, Profitable Spe- cialty, 269. Weed Exterminators, Pushing Sales, 252. Wilson, Lewis £.. 271. Window Display, Fourth of July, 253. Women in Pharmacy, 258. WuUing, Prof. Fred. J., 260. Zinc Oxide, New Form., 264. Zuehlke. Miss Vera C, 271. Electrochemists Elect Officers The twenty-seventh annual meeting of the American Elec- trochemical Society was held in Atlantic City and Thiladelphia last munlli, (hr l.ilKiwing officers being rliit.d I'l'sident, I.,,'AMiiw X.i.h.l,. I i.iuglas, Ariz.; vice-pn'si'," he declared, "to work — ^not to criticise. But you insist that you shall know the thoughts that have come to me as I have analyzed to myself your na- tional traits, especially in connection with the work of the chemist and the way in which the products of his skill are distributed to the final consumers. There is waste, wanton and needless waste, wherever I have had an opportunity to observe." He spoke slowly, choosing his words with the care that he might have used in selecting the chemicals for a complicated experiment. "Could you illustrate. Doctor?" I persisted. "Illustrate?" He repeated the word questioningly. "Yes. Give me an example. Tell me just what you have seen to cause you to reach the conclusion that the American drug store is a place of great wastefulness." An Example of Waste "Oh, certainly," he instantly replied. "Today in an apothe- cary's shop — a drug store you call it, and that is a better name for what you have — I saw a young man draw a quantity of neutral benzoinated lard that heaped the spatula blade. In mixing the anointment that he was compounding he did not use one-half of the lard. The residue? Thrown away! "If that had occurred in the shop of a German apothecary he would have come near to having apoplexy. The assistant doing such a thing would have felt the force of the apothecary's wrath — and justly so. It is not only a shame but a sin also to waste precious materials. "I was so shocked at what I saw that I watched the young man put up still another prescription. In doing this he wasted almost as much lanolin as he used. That would not be per- mitted in Europe. Never! The man that robs himself by waste must rob others for his profits. Is it not so? Must not the customer pay the score for such waste? But that is per- haps not the worst of this bad business of waste. It is not safe that one so careless should be allowed to handle drugs. He is unfitted to dispense them who is so reckless with the materials of his trade. "And in many other things I see you wasteful to wickedness. At your ice drink counters the attendant often does not give all the egg to the customer who buys it. No, you waste much of it — throw it away in the washing sink underneath the serv- ing counter. Have you not often seen it? And you waste when you wrap up a package. You have no right to do that; it is all wrong and uneconomic. When an apothecary wastes he does not pay the price of that waste himself. Always it is the customer that must pay. If there were no unnecessary "In mixing the ointment he did not use one-half the lard. The residue? Thrown away I wastes in your drug stores your apothecaries would prosper as they do not prosper now and their customers would not com- plain of increasing prices. But this criticism, coming from a foreigner, might appear to your people to be unfair or narrow. I hope that you will ask a competent and observing chemist of your country if I exaggerate this waste as I find it in your drug stores wherever I go, but particularly in the smaller ones in the suburbs of your cities and in your towns and villages." The suggestion of this distinguished foreigner was immedi- ately followed and the problem was put up, as he had stated it, to a group of American chemists working in a well-known manufacturing laboratory. Instantly they admitted that his charges were based upon facts all too constantly in evidence, especially in the smaller independent drug stores. They were also agreed that the customer always paid the toll, unless the waste of an occasional individual druggist was so much beyond the average as to plunge him into bankruptcy. It should be observed in passing, however, that as retail merchandising businesses go, the percentage of failures in the drug business is relatively small. Some of the Little Leaks A chemist engaged in investigation work of a national char- acter in one of the largest research laboratories in America laughed when this problem of drug store waste was put up to him. "I came into the study of chemistry through the door of the drug store and I am entitled to speak from first-hand observa- tion as to the waste tliat goes on there. The distinguished foreign chemist is not only right but extremely moderate in his criticisms. Time and again I have seen a druggist — and some- times the proprietor of the store himself — dip his spatula into a jar of quinine, use anywhere from a third to a half of the material that he had withdrawn in mixing pills or filling cap- sules and then sweep the unused residue to the floor with one stroke of his hand. Quinine is costly; but I have seen even more costly materials wantonly wasted on practically the same scale. "This is not a recital of exceptions; it is a fair statement of common practice. Of course it would be absurd to imply that this is universal, for it is not. In the big stores of the large cities this sort of thing is not tolerated, nor is it put up with 294 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [July, 1915 Sweeps the unused quinine onto the floor. by the management of groups or chains of stores, the success of which depends almost entirely upon efficiency and economy of management as contrasted with personal popularity and ac- quaintance on the part of the owner of the individual store. "The celebrated chemist from the other side has spoken of what he calls our iced drink counters and the waste there. I can take you to one soda fountain after another where the clerks habitually use nearly twice as much syrup for a portion as they should — not only on the basis of reasonable economy but on the basis of giving the customer a drink that is properly balanced and not too heavy. Fancy syrups cost money and they are used on an extensive scale. Economy in this field is highly important. I regard this as a big leak rather than a small one. Wonder "Why Profits Disappear "What I would call a little leak is the popular drug store fad of using elastic or rubber bands to bind packages instead of tying them with string. The pace in this particular is set by the big city drug stores where the use of this expensive tying material is an economy and not a waste. In other words; in the large city drug stores where clerks are paid comparatively high salaries and where — at least in rush hours — they must wait upon many customers in a small space of time, the elastic band is a time saver and an economy. But in the average drug store it is wasteful to use this expensive material, of which the world has too little for a purpose that could be better served by a much cheaper material. "These illustrations may seem almost trite and trifling to some, but they are far from that, because they are typical of the waste that is going on in thousands upon thousands of drug stores all over America. And the owners of these stores are wondering why their annual profits are not larger and why their customers are continually complaining of the high cost of many lines of supplies handled by drug stores. In my opin- ion it would hardly be an exaggeration to say that if fifty per cent, of the druggists in this country could only put into the profit column the amount that they waste through carelessness, inefficiency and unintelligent handling of stocks they wo ild be given a taste of prosperity such as they have not known in years. "Yes, our German critic is absolutely right, the greatest enemy of American business today is waste — and this applies in a most notable and emphatic way to the retail drug store business." Waste and Dirt Go Hand in Hand The very existence of wasteful methods shows carelessness — and wh^n the public recognizes that menace in a drug store they promptly transact tlieir business elsewhere. And there is one more thing to consider — waste and dirt generally go hand in hand ! The natural question is: Where should a druggist look for waste? Everywhere! The druggist who allows a clerk to waste drugs or electricity will permit him to waste time. This means the wasting of business opportunity, which is the great- est waste of all. Opportunity to sell at a profit is the most costly stock that a storekeeper buys for it includes all the heavy items of investment that go on the books in that terri- fying and always expanding column of "Overhead Expense." A druggist recently bought out a business in a residential section of Chicago and went there personally to take care of it. A glance at the store dismayed him, and he had to go over the books several times before his courage returned. The books showed that the former owner had several valuable agencies, and a study of the neighborhood proved that his location was an excellent one. But the store was a sight! And its methods of doing business were worse. Besides the druggist, the store employed a registered drug clerk, two apprentices who took care of the soda fountain, cigar cases and the like, and the delivery boy. The fixtures were first-class and the fountain a beauty. But the appearance of the whole store was that of a cyclone-swept rummage sale. A stack of dirty soda glasses maintained a precarious balance on an empty ice cream container and an elaborate u n-ashed sundae dish shared the plate with a half dozen lemons. '.T really did not need to look behind the prescription case" said the new proprietor, "to know that I would find a garbage can there well filled with papers and clotiis smudged with pastes and saturated with liquids. In fact I was not surprised to find three glass slides containing the excess of prescription preparations that had been compounded that day. Conditions Staggered Him "When the man from whom I purchased the store offered to spend a few days with me and show me the ropes I declined with thanks. I was fairly dizzy and I felt my stomach would settle quicker if he was not in sight. "The next morning I got down to the store at seven and waited for one of the apprentices to open up. He arrived in about twenty minutes and we went inside. The clerk was not due until ten and when he appeared a few minutes ahead of time I sighed thankfully. "I watched this man all day, fearing that I might discover him to be the waster. But no: he filled three prescriptions with very little waste. And he was neat and clean. But the two apprentices were impossible — and the boy filthy. Both ap- prentices worked all over the store, except behind the prescrip- tion case. They sold ice cream, cigars, candy, toilet articles and almost anything. "After brushing the dust and dirt of the day before under the tables and cases the delivery boy disappeared for an hour or two. But the apprentices were very much in evidence. At the candy case they would pour or shovel some candy into a bag, toss it on the scale and then slide it to the customer, some- times without so much as glancing to see how much it weighed. Occasionally they would give underweight, but as a usual thing the e-xcess was greatly to the customer's advantage. When serving ice cream they were at their best. Apparently the former owner did not believe in the use of ice cream measures and the cream was dug out of the freezers with a large spoon. The flavoring was dumped on, usually over-flowing the edges of the dish, and the whole thing dropped unceremoniously on the table before the customer. I imagine I was losing about ten to twenty per cent on every dish served. Wanton Waste Made Him Furious "One of the apprentices had a habit of breaking an egg into a glass of coca-cola, drinking down the egg and tossing the remainder of the coca-cola into tlie sink. This was so wanton a waste tliat it made me furious. And from the frequency with which both sampled the diocolate-egg-malted-milk mix- tures I decided that tliey were living at the fountain. "It took me just two days to decide upon a course of action. I gave the apprentices and the deliver.' boy ten days notice and had a long talk with the clerk. When I asked him why he had remained in the employ of the former owner of the store he said it was because he lived in the neighborhood and not because the appearance of the store and the methods by which the business was handled was any less distasteful to hiri than to me. He explained that his former employer had many July, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 295 influential and powerful men interested in him through mar- riage and that they had secured the location and agencies for him. They would undoubtedly get him something better when he had spent the money I paid him. "According to this man it was his habit to celebrate a good day by spending the money taken in and when business was not good to take a short vacation till luck changed. "I told Jones (that was my clerk's name) that we would have to get along for a time with but one asssistant and that we would have to cut out all waste right at tlie start; that one of us would have to be on duty all the time and that I would divide the time even with him. One week he would open up and be there from seven in the morning until noon. Then I would relieve him tmtil seven at night, when he would return for another four hours. The ne.xt week we would change about. In that way we would each work nine hours a day one week and seven hours a day the ne.xt. We would take 'urns working every second Sunday straight through from eight in the morning until si.x at night, when the other would velieve him. The apprentice would work from eight in tlic morning to six each night, except Simday. He would have all day Sunday off. "That looked fair to Jones and we started off, determined to cut out the waste entirely and keep the place looking spick and span always. And it did not prove such a h.ud task, either. The way the patrons of that neighborhood appreciate the change and co-operated was a joy to me. Solving the Light Problem "We first attacked the light problem. Neither of us were experts, but we soon learned that we were getting about one- half enough light from twice too much electricity. In this cam- paign Jones drew first blood. "In the center of the store we had a small show-case for candy, which faced the door. Directly behind this were five serving tables — arranged four on the comer and one in the center. Then came our large prescription counter which ran all the way across the back of the store and hid the door lead- ing into the storeroom. A partition extended upwards about seven feet above the counter. Fastened to this partition were four shaded lights which threw their rays directly on the pre- scription counter. One was above the sink, one above the mix- ing slab, one above the drawer where we kept our spatulas, tubes, glasses and such stuff, and the fourth was over the set of drawers that held our small tablet boxes, labels, and the like. As a result it was practically impossible to fill a prescrip- tion w^ithout putting on all four lights, and then the light played only directly on the table and it was necessary to have another light swinging above the doorway of the storeroom. All these were kept constantly burning. "By placing a drop of two forty-candle power modem bulbs and a good reflector over the prescription counter, so that one bulb reached beyond each edge of the partition, and a similar drop over the candy-case, we secured a much whiter and more uniform light all around and at less than one-half the cost. '"Our first month's expenses showed that by taking out every old carbon light and putting tungsten lights where they would do the most good that we were able to have a decidedly better lighted store at not one-half the cost — but one-third the cost. Correct ice cream measures and scales reduced the waste of ice cream and candy ; and the reasonable use of care in pouring eliminated the waste in filling bottles. We first tried small glass funnels, which we sterilized in boiling water after each filling, but we decided that with perfumes and other expensive liquids too much of it stuck to the funnels to make their use economical. Economized Most on Time "In filling prescriptions we measured each ingredient as we drew it from the bottles, boxes or tins, and we prepared only as much as was needed. Perhaps the thing that we economized the most on was our time — and that of our customers. We were determined that every customer that crossed our threshold should have immediate attention and all the service that we could extend, but that not one minute of his time or ours should be wasted. And this was appreciated. The man who might have stood by the cigar counter and chatted with us a few minutes while someone was waiting at the drug side of the store actually respected tis for refusing him those few minutes and came to our store the next time he wanted to buy a cigar, knowing that a girl at the candy counter was not going to make him miss his morning cigar or his train. Clerks habitually use nearly twice as much syrup for a portion as they should. "We are still following that practice — economizing for our- selves and economizing for our customers — and they like it." There are two apprentices and two delivery boys in that store now, and both tlie clerk and the owner manage to have an aftemoon off each week, as well as their Sunday. The business is thriving and the customers are smiling. The store has changed in every way, and the word WASTE has been prac- tically eliminated from its vocabulary. Perhaps there is no one process where waste can work so much ruin as in buying. Wasteful buying has put more drug- gists through the bankruptcy court than has anything else. It is so easy to stock up — especially on dead lines — and so hard to turn that stock over that it is business suicide for a druggist to fill his cases with orders twice or three times as large as he can sell. I know of a man who put in a hundred cans of shoe blacking, despite the fact that he was in a farming town where if the whole community bought their blacking from him he wouldn't be able to sell that amount in two years. And it was an expensive blacking too. Incidentally the salesman that overloaded that man on blacking never sold him another dol- lar's worth of anything. So it was a poor sale for that sales- man. I recall the case of a man who was told that he would be given the agency for a certain high grade candy if he would contract to buy not less than five hundred pounds a year. It looked so appealing that he took it, notwithstanding the fact that his store was located in a district where penny-stick and coughdrops were about the only kind of candy bought. But he had to live up to his contract. By sheer good luck he was able to re-sell it to a down-town merchant at a little loss and came out about fifty dollars behind during the year. Unfair to the Clerk And there is one more thing about allowing wasteful methods to flourish in a store. It is unfair to the clerks — it does not give them the right kind of schooling; it unfits them for work in a first-class store when the one in which they are employed fails. It is also unfair to the salesmen and the houses from whom the goods are bought. If a wasteful druggist gets an agency for a certain article it is almost certain that the sales of that article in his territon,' will be cut to the quick and that a large percentage of the goods will be on hand at the end of the year — unfit for sale. And above all it is unfair to the cus- tomer and to the druggist himself. Therefore every druggist in the country ought to start today to "STOP THE LEAKS " 296 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [JIH.Y, 1915 Will Fight Health Board New York Pharmaceutical Conference Resolves to Aid in "Patents" Cases WITH only one dissenting vote, the New York Pharma- ceutical Conference, at a recent meeting, held at the New York College of Pharmacy, decided to confer with the Metropolitan Drug Club, to arrange for the legal defense of the Charles N. Crittenton Co., wholesalers, of New York, and G. N. Lawrence and George C. Mennecke, re- tail druggists of Greenpoint, L. I., (New York City), all of whom are being prosecuted for the sale of Barton's "diphtheria antidote," a preparation alleged to be misbranded in that its literature indicates it will cure diphtheria. The manufacturer of the preparation, George W. Felter, secretary of the Green- point Savings Bank, Brooklyn, is also being prosecuted by the Board of Health, and was held in $500 bail to appear for trial in Special Sessions, but it was plain that the druggists at the Conference meeting regarded him as the responsible party and were interested more in fixing him as the responsible party and they were in coming to his defense. John Roemer, of White Plains, chairman of the New York branch of the American Pharmaceutical Association, constituted a strenuous minority in the discussion and the vote taken at this meeting. He asserted that the pharmacists and physicians had violated every obligation put upon them. "Every pharma- cist," he asserted, "has the opportunity to find out everything concerning the articles he sells." He inquired of those present : "Did the pharmacists of this city rise to the occasion last winter when they had the chance to weed out of pharmacy the patents, which, for years, they have contended there was no money in? Act with the Board of Health! Advance profes- sional pharmacy ! The pharmacist is the judge of what he sells and under the law is held responsible." Dr. Wm. C. Anderson, chairman of the Conference, called the meeting. He outlined the situation confronting all branches of the trade in New York City, and asserted that the retail druggists wished to observe the National and other laws. It was a great question as to just what constituted false and mis- leading statements, but "the Board of Health may not agree with our opinions and those of the court." Continued Dr. Anderson : "Dr. Barton's antidote was placed on the market some 35 years ago by a Greenpoint doctor and was used for sore throat in that section of the city. Its owner- ship was handed down from one family to another. It is now owned by G. W. Felter, of Greenpoint. Notice was served on Mr. Felter to appear in court. No opportunity was given him to change his label. He wasn't given an opportunity to do anything. Mr. Felter took the trouble to find out wherein he was wrong, but he was prosecuted, just the same. "The question is, how far will this matter be carried. Dr. Goldwater wants to drive patent medicines from the market and would even drive off the household preparations. Our ob- ject is to protect the wholesaler and retailer. They should not be held responsible. The guarantee should protect them. The manufacturer should be the one the Board of Health should look to. The label is located inside where the retailer and wholesaler can't see or read it. The only redress lies in the prosecution of the manufacturer, the proper labeling of the preparation or its elimination from the market." Mr. Lawrence told how an inspector for the Board of Health had purchased about five dollars' worth of patent medicines, all of which have been on the market for years, and bottles of which many druggists would have to search for in their back rooms. He had been informed by the inspector that he would nil rcK lie .summoned as a witness, and was surprised to find til ii I'l of being a witness he was one of those prosecuted. Ill V. I - \ ' i\ bitter against the Board of Health. He made the "Di. C.mMw iir ,\ :Mtliii.l' ili:\t there are no good proprie- taii.s II .|mim !i I, ilk to him! It is all right, as louf; as the |i:il' iil ii, .h. in- i, iiresrribed by the physicians, but as soon as t In • i i . m Im i ■ i - , I ilr \- a n- no v,'uu] I )i ( .1,' . water's cani|iaiiai . ,! ii..iKsis .if . v.-i > - handled by thf n lail Ii.pI. m.i tin n th.^ dnim^ist nuist ai t a'- a board of medical examination to pass upon their therapeutic properties. If Mr. Mennecke and I lose out it means that the Board of Health may step in and do the same thing to any New York City druggist." Other speakers were Dr. Normand B. Kerr, of C. N. Crit- tenton Co., wholesalers; Wm. P. Ritchey, of Bruen & Ritchey, wholesalers; Howell Foster, of Schieffelin & Co., whole- salers; Charles Heimerzheim, of Brooklyn; Thomas Latham, Dr. Joseph Weinstein, T. J. France, Peter Diamon<^, C. O. Bigelow, A. S. Allison, S. V. B. Swann and Mr. Mermecke. Mr. Ritchey and Mr. Foster regarded the matter as essentially "up to" the manufacturer. Mr. Heimerzheim raised the ques- tion as to the order of trial and the courts in which the cases against the three branches of the trade — manufacturer, whole- saler and retailer — would be prosecuted. Thomas Latham want- ed the three factions to unite in the defense. Everyone else present were very much opposed to this proposition. C. O. Bigelow suggested the action which the Conference authoriz by resolution and to which Mr. Roemer so strenuously protest- ed. Mr. Bigelow regarded the Health Board's action as "an unwarranted procedure." Dr. Weinstein characterized the question involved as solely one of modus operandi. "The manufacturer would probably change his policy if notified. While the idea of the Board of Health might be approved, we certainly must protest its me'h- ods." He suggested that the Advisory Council explain t'je situ- ation to the Board. Drug Swindlers Caught Adolph Jacobson and Associates Made Hundreds of Thousands By Fraud A gigantic system of fly-by-night drug and other stores, conducted under names imitating the titles of reputable firms, which had been in operation for many years and had netted its operators half a million dollars in goods fraudulently ob- tained, including thousands of dollars in drugs procured from leading wholesalers and manufacturers, was overturned on June 24, in the United States District Court, New York, when Adolph Jacobson — a white-haired man of 64 years — was sentenced to the Atlanta penitentiary for seven years on a charge of using the mails to defraud. His son, William, got five years, and Julius Cohen and C. C. Mitchell, two of William's employes, received one year and a fine of $100 re- spectively. Among the concerns cheated were William R. Warner & Co., Philadelphia; I. S. Johnson & Co., Boston: Geraux ]Manufacturing Co., Buffalo; Antikamnia Chemical Co., St. Louis; Warner's Safe Remedies Co., Rochester, N. Y.; Cheney Medicine Co., Toledo ;a Philo Hay Specialties Co., Newark, N. J., and the Evans Chemical Co., Cinciimati. It is not known fully to whom the Jacobsons sold their stuff. O. H. Jadwin & Sons, of New York, bought two or three thousand dollars worth of goods from them. Mr. Jadwin told a reporter for The Ph.\rm.a.ceutic.\i, Er-\ that one of Jacobsons posed as a representative of an Jansen, and that the goods were billed in such a name. He also posed as representing the Rumo Co. Among the excuses offered by the imposter for having the goods for sale, according to Mr. Jadwin, were "unclaimed freight" and "bought for e.vport." William Jacobson is the same individual against whom The Pharmaceutical Era warned its readers in 1907 and sub- sequent years, when he was conducting tlie Union Sales Co. and several other supposed businesses in a small dirty office. The swindlers, up to the time of their arrest, maintained an office at 15 Whitehall street,, as the Manufacturers' Trad- ing Co., a waielKULso at Water street, as the Rumo Chemi- cal Co., ami iImuh tiiiitii so-called businesses — which were nothing more tlm i i n; addresses, continued for short periods under borrowa d names —in New York City and elsewhere. Their method was to order stuff by thirt>- or sixty days time under one of their borrowed or imitated names, and re-sell it using their depot in Water street as a clearing house. They also furnish.-, I f ils. financial statements to agencies. When the manut u tiui i s lall became due, he frequently found that the firm to wliieh he had sold his goods had not only originated fraudulently, but had ceased to exist. In reality, the Jacob- sons had merely re-opened somewhere else under another bor- rowed name. The old man, according to Assistant United States District Attorney Frank M. Roosa., who prosecuted him. was the head and front of tliis whole astounding system. JuiA-, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 297 ''Individual Propaganda" Nets Results John Roemer, of White Plains, Tells How Physicians in His City Were Made to Prescribe Official Preparations THERE are as many opinions on tlie subject of pharma- ceutical propaganda as there are individuals to hold them. After a thorough canvass of the field I have de- cided that propaganda can increase the prestige of pharnjacy, and for those who have the courage to stand up for propa- ganda tliere is much to offer," said John Roemer, White J'hiins, N. Y., president of the New York branch of the .Vmcrican Pharmaceutical Association at a recent meeting of :he Geiman I Apothecaries Society of New York. "The science of commercialism is to put in every tliin;; the public may or may not want. There is also a science of pro- fessionalism. .\s chairman of the New York State Pharri'a- ceutical .Association's propaganda committee, it nas been n y experience that our efforts only scratch the surface. When one talks as a representative of the State association l e does I not get to those who need propaganda. They are irn i resent at the meetings; those in attendance already know whit propa- ganda is. "Propaganda by the individual pharmacist is the propaganda that will get results. The individual pharmacist can start a propaganda of his own at any time. Propaganda is advertisin.:^. "Look over the field! Pharmacists are handing out ready made goods. The big houses are using the pharmacists to ad- vertise their own products. In fact, the pharmacists and the physicians are advertising the manufacturers' goods 365 days of the year. The manufacturer's name has become a house- hold word tlirough the use of the good name of the pharmacist and the physician. ' "The National Formulary and the United States Pharmaco- poeia have failed as propaganda medium. The doctor does not take advantage of his opportunities to look into what they of- fer him. The U. S. P. and N. F. have long since been ac- knowledged as inadequate by the pharmaceutical houses. They are ahead of the U. S. P. and N. F. These books are inade- quate when it comes to the perpetuation of their own contents. "The amount of medicines sold outside of pharmacy is stag- gering to those pharmacists who have spent the best years of their life in its practice." I Describes Propagandic Efforts Mr. Roemer described the collective propagandic efforts of ' the Westchester County Pharmaceutical Association. The re- sults of the collective efforts of this organization were nil. In Mt. Vernon, where conditions were somewhat different, the re- j suits were likewise different. ' "There is no propaganda in New Rochelle today," he said. "Propaganda is an outcast there. In Tarrytown three or four ' active men are following up propaganda and the number of proprietaries called for in prescriptions has been reduced by ten per csnt. In White Plains, propaganda has been carried -out e.xtensively. What the large houses could do once a week pharmacists could do every day. Before the movement was ' begun 50 to 60 per cent, of the prescriptions in that city called for proprietaries, and 60 per cent, of the physicians dispensed their own medicines. "The first thing we did in White Plains was to throw out 90 > per cent of our patents. We assumed the policy that the phar- macist should know all about the medicines he sold to the pub- lic. Announcements of what we wouldn't sell to the public were put up in the stores. ' "The time is coming when the pharmacist must record every medicine sold across his counter. This will be required on the theory that when a man has been educated for several years in pharmacy and has become registered, he must show that he has not violated the obligations laid upon him by the Govem- i ment. Pharmacists have abused the public health and the wel- fare of the public. / "The anti-narcotic laws mean that the pharmacists failed to live up to the obligations put upon them by the Government. The pharmacist once stood between the public and drugs — now he is told what he must do. The time is. coming when •every drug sale must be recorded. "In Wliite Plains, to show our good faith toward the physi- cians we threw out all the nostrums and so informed the former by letter. Having gained the confidence of the physicians, the public became curious. We then told the physicians that if they would write prescriptions which did not call for patents we would tell the public what to do. "Our first efforts to interest the physicians in official prepa- rations fell flat. They didn't want them. However, the next time we tried different preparations and these were better re- ceived. Prescribe Their "Pet" Remedies "The country doctors, when they get stuck, call in their pet specialist, and in somewhat the same fashion they prescribe their pet remedy, which has been pushed in the literature sent to them. The patients soon think they are buncoed if they aren't instructed to take these favorite preparations. Interest- ing to note in this direction is the fact that we discovered there wasn't a physician in White Plains who knew what lime water was, and I venture to say that there are none in New York City who do either. This is one of the things we set the physicians right on by means of the letters we sent out. "Five years ago in White Plains, 50 to 60 per cent of the prescriptions written called for proprietaries; today only two per cent call for proprietaries. The rest are for straight goods." Mr. Roemer named a particular Bulgarian bacillus prepara- tion, the sale of which in White Plains did not get further than one prescription. "Propaganda undid the manufacturer's teaching. Today, in White Plains, 50 per cent of the physi- cians do not carry even a calomel tablet. You can get the physicians to co-operate if you only set your mind to it: it can be done by individual effort." An interesting discussion followed Mr. Roemer's paper. Mr. Lehman, of Tottenville, S. I., recalled a propaganda meeting which he had attended with Dr. Wm. C. Anderson. The latter had told those present that if the physicians gave the pharma- cists a chance the latter would make their own pharmaceutical preparations. Said Mr. Lehman: "Talk to your physicians and show them the preparations you can make. I have done it myself and now get very few patent prescriptions. tVe have got to carry patents because the public demands them, but we can practically eliminate them from prescriptions. We can accomplish this by education. One of the oldest physicians in the place distinctly stated at the meeting that when a prescrip- tion was put up in my store it was put up correctly." Experiences of Other Druggists Otto P. Gilbert asserted that propaganda was all right where there was only a small number of physicians and pharmacists. He had tried individual propaganda himself, with results. His style of attack was to show how he made up the various official preparations as compared to those put up elsewhere. Otto Raubenheimer said that propaganda movements, Na- tional, State or local, were good, but they require individual effort to be successful. Attention should be called to our su- periority as pharmacLsts, the membership in the society should be played up — separate the sheep from the goats. "I display a set of U. S. P. and N. F. preparations in the front of my store — a propaganda movement which costs nothing. Physicians ask me questions about them and I tell about their superior properties." Professor Curt P. Winmer of New York College of Phar- macy, asserted that one of the fundamental obstacles to propa- ganda was the positive ignorance of the physicians in matters pharmaceutical. "The young physicians in New York City get one and one-half hours a week in pharmacy," he said. "I know, because I taught the subject myself. The pharmacy he gets doesn't amount to very much. Propaganda to my mind doesn't mean advertising. It means education, and this edu- cating can be done just as well in New York City as it can be done in a small town. We must go about it diplomatically. The education of the patent medicine man is the easiest way for the physician — it requires no thinking." 298 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [July, 1915 The Apothecary, A Literary Study* By EDWARD KREMERS 7 — A Physician-Apothecary of 1793 WHILE the boy has been delighted by the romance of adventure so graphically described in most of The Leatherstocking Tales, the student of the medical and pharmaceutical past is indebted to Cooper for a vivid account of a medico-pharmaceutical practitioner in "The Pioneers." The scenes described are those of Otsego county, more particularly that picturesque spot where the Susquehanna, "one of the proudest rivers of the United States" has its origin in the limpid lakes and thou- sand springs of this region. The people portrayed are those with whom young Cooper came into contact when his moth- er brought him to the valley as an infant and upon whom he fondly looked back at the age of about forty. While the -luthor emphasizes that "The Pioneers" ■is fiction and not history, he also takes ^jjgj^ the pains to point out in his preface (p. viii) that the character of Dr. Todd is not T TTDT^nvTi^oc overdrawn as to professional weakness. write, whether in abridged or any other form, the chapter in which Cooper delineates the "Werdegang" and the pioneer practice of this new world aesculapian disciple. It may even seem foolish to call attention to a chapter in these well known and often read stories of American frontier life. Yet it may well be doubted if one out of a hundred pharma- ceutical readers who have enjoyed the Leatherstocking Tales in the days of their youth remembers this chapter at all. The delight which we as boys experienced as we read "The Last of the Mohicans" and the other novels of this group had noth- ing to do with the interest that we may now take in the phar- maceutical past. Indeed some of us may have scanned the pages of this chapter rather hastily in order to get at the more romantic aspects of the story. No doubt many a pharmacist who has read "The Pioneers" as a boy will be surprised to learn that a sort of drug store is referred to in this novel and that its proprietor was a medical man who, no doubt, had more confidence in himself when he weighed out a dose of salts than when called upon to extract a bullet though it be quite visible under the skin; also that the patient should have greater confidence in the vegetable remedies of Indian John as a poultice, than in the dressing of this timorous surgeon. Hence no harm will be done if the reader of these few introductory lines re-read Cooper's account. If on the other hand they should induce one who has not read "The Pioneers" to read this novel for the first time, this brief introduction will have accomplished enough to more than justify itself. "Chapter VI. And about his shelves, A beggarly account of empty boxes, Green earthem pots, bladders, and musty seeds, Remnants of packthread and old cakes of roses. Were thinly scattered to make up a show. — Shakespeare. Doctor Elnathan Todd, for such was the name of the man of physic, was commonly thought to be, among the settlers, a gentleman of great mental endowments; and he was assuredly of rare personal proportions. In height he measured, without his shoes, exactly six feet and four inches. His hands, feet, •The earlier numbers under this caption wei following order: 1906- , „ 1. A preliminary bibliography. Ph. Rev., published . Staende auf Erden. Ph. Rev., pp. 6 The Drug Seller bf Paola and Francesca. Midhind Dr & Ph. Rev., 45, p. 5. and knees corresponded in every respect with this formidable stature ; but every other part of his frame appeared to have been intended for a man several sizes smaller, if we except the length of the limias. His shoulders were square, in one sense at least, being in a right line from one side to the other; but they were so narrow that the long dangling arms they sup- ported seemed to issue out of his back. His neck possessed, in an eminent degree, the property of length to which we have alluded, and it was topped by a small bullet-head, that ex- hibited, on one side, a bush of bristling brown hair, and on the other, a short, twinkling visage, that appeared to maintain a constant struggle with itself in order to look wise. He was the youngest son of a farmer in the western part of Massa- chusetts who, being in somewhat easy circumstances, had al- lowed this boy to shoot up to the height we have mentioned, without the ordinary interruption of field-labor, wood-chopping, and such other toils as were imposed on his brothers. El- nathan was indebted for this exemption from labor in sonse measure to his extraordinary growth, which, leaving him pale, inanimate, and listless, induced his tender mother to pronounce him "a sickly boy, and one that was not equal to work, but who might earn a living, comfortably enough, by taking to pleading law, or turning minister, or doctoring, or some such like easy calling." Still there was great uncertainty which of these vocations the youth was best endowed to fill : but, having no other employment, the stripling was constantly lounging about the "homestead," munching green apples, and hunting for sorrel ; when the same sagacious eye that had brought to light his latent talent seized upon this circumstance, as a clue to his future path through the turmoils of the world. "Elnath- an was cut out for a doctor, she knew for he was forever digging for herbs, and tasting all kinds of things that growed about the lots. Then again he had a natural love for doctor stuff, for when she had left the bilious pills out for her man, all nicely covered with maple sugar, just ready to take, Xathan had come in, and swallowed them, for all the world as if they were nothing, while Ichabod (her husband) could never get one down without making such desperate faces, that it was awful to look on." This discovery decided the matter. Elnathan, then about fifteen, was, much like a wild colt, caught and trimmed by clip- ping his bushy locks ; dressed in a suit of homespun, dyed in the butternut bark ; furnished with a New Testament, and a Webster's Spelling Book, and sent to school. As the boy was by nature quite shrewd enough, and had previously, at odd times, laid the foundations of reading, writing and arithmetic, he was soon conspicuous in the school for his learning. The delighted mother had the gratification of hearing, from the lips of the master, that her son was a "prodigious boy, and far above all his class." He also thought that "the youth had a natural love for doctoring, as he had known him frequently advise the smaller children against eating too much; and once or twice, when the ignorant little things had persevered in opposition to Elnathan's advice, he had known her son to empty the school baskets with his own mouth, to prevent the consequences." Soon after this comfortable declaration from the school mas- ter, the lad was removed to the house of the village doctor, a gentleman whose early career had not been unlike that of our hero, where he was to be seen, sometimes watering a horse, at others watering medicines, blue, yellow, and red; then again he might be noticed, lolling under an apple-tree, with Ruddi- man's Latin Grammar in his hand, and a comer of Denman's INIidwifery .'stickins; out of a pocket; for his instructor held it absurd to leaili his pupil how to dispatch a patient regularly from this world, before he knew how to bring him into it This kind of life continued for a twelvemonth, when he suddenly appeared at meeting in a long coat (and well did it deserve the name!) of black homespun, with little bootees, bound with uncolored calfskin, for the want of red morocco. Soon after he was seen shaving with a dull razor. Three or four months had scarce elapsed before several elderly ladies were observed hastening towards the house of a poor woman ir. the village, while others were running to and fro in great apparent distress. One or two boys were mounted, bareback, on horses, and sent off at a speed in various directions. Sev- eral indirect questions were put concerning the place where the physician was last seen; but all would not do; and at lengtl'. Elnathan was seen issuing from his door with a ver>- grave air, preceded by a little white-headed boy, out of breath trottinp before him. The following day the youth appeared in the JULT, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 299 street, as the highway was called, and the neighborhood was much edified by the additional gravity of his air. The same week he bought a new razor; and the succeeding Sunday he entered the meeting house with a red silk handkerchief in his hand, and with an extremely demure countenance. In the eve- ning he called upon a young woman of his own class in life, for there were no others to be found, and, when he was left alone with the fair, he was called for the first time in his life Dr. Todd, by her prudent mother. The ice once broken in this manner, Elnathan was greeted from e%'ery moutli with his official appellation. Another year passed under the superintendence of the same master, during which the young physician had the credit of "riding with the old doctor," although they were generally ob- seri-ed to travel different roads. At the end of that period, Dr. Todd attained his legal majority. He then took a jaunt to Boston to purchase medicines, and, as some intimated, to walk the hospital; we know not how the latter might have been, but if true, he soon walked through it, for he returned within a fortnight, bringing with him a suspicious looking box, that smelled powerfully of brimstone. The next Sunday he was married: and the following morn- ing he entered a one-horse sleigh with his bride, having before him the box we have mentioned, with another filled with home- made household linen, a paper covered trunk, with a red um- brella lashed to it, a pair of quite new saddle-bags, and a handbox. The next intelligence that his friends received of the bride and bridegroom was, that tlie latter was "settled in the new countries and well to do as a doctor in Templeton, in York State!" If a Templar would smile at the qualifications of IMarmaduke to fill the judicial seat he occupied, we are certain that a graduate of Leyden or Edinburgh would be extremely amused with this true narration of the servitude of Elnathan in the temple of Aesculapius. But the same consolation was afforded to both the jurist and the leech; for Dr. Todd was quite as much on a level with his compeers of the profession, in that countr\-, as was Marmaduke with his brethren on the bench. Time and practice did wonders for the physician. He was naturally humane, but possessed of no small share of moral courage; or, in other words, he was chary of the lives of his patients, and never tried uncertain experiments on such mem- bers of society' as were considered useful; but once or twice when a luckless vagrant had come under his care, he was little addicted to trying the effects of every phial in his saddle- bags on the stranger's constitution. Happily their number was small, and in most cases their natures innocent. By these means Elnathan had acquired a certain degree of knowledge in fevers and agues, and could talk with much judgment concern- ing intermittents, remittents, tertians, quotidians, etc. In cer- tain cutaneous disorders, very prevalent in new settlements, he was considered to be infallible; and there was no woman on the Patent, but would as soon think of becoming a mother without a husband, as without the assistance of Dr. Todd. In short he was rearing, on this foundation of sand, a super- structure, cemented by practice, though composed of somewhat brittle materials. He however occasionally renewed his ele- mentary studies, and, with the observation of a shrewd mind, was comfortably applying his practice to his theory. In surgery, having the least experience, and it being a busi- ness that spoke directly to the seiises, he was most apt to distrust his own powers: but he had applied oils to several bums, cut round the roots of sundry defective teeth, and sewed up the wounds of numberless wood-choppers, with considerable eclat, when an unfortunate jobber* suffered a fracture of his leg by the tree that he had been felling. It was on this occa- sion that our hero encountered the greatest trial his nerves and moral feeling had ever sustained. In the hour of need however, he was not found wanting. Most of the amputations in the new settlements, and they were quite frequent, were performed by some one practitioner, who, possessing originally a reputation, was enabled by this circumstance to acquire an experience that rendered him deserving of it; and Elnathan had been present at one or two of these operations. But on the present occasion the man of practice was not to be obtained, and the duty fell, as a matter of course, to the share of Mr. Todd. He went to work with a kind of blind desperation', observing, at the same time, all the externals of decent gravity and great skill. The sufferer's name was Milligan, and it was to this event that Richard alluded when he spoke of assisting 'People who clear land by the acre or the job are thus called. the Doctor at an amputation — by holding the leg! The limb was certainly cut off, and the patient survived the operation. It was however, two years before poor Milligan ceased to com- plain, that they had buried the leg in so narrow a box, that it was straitened for room he could feel the pain shooting up from the inhumed fragment into the living members. Marma- duke suggested that the fault might lie in the arteries and nerves: but Richard, considering the amputation as part of his own handiwork, strongly repelled the insinuation, at the same time declaring, that he had often heard tell of men who could tell when it was about to rain, by the toes of amputated limbs. After two or three years, notwithstanding Milligan's complaints gradually diminished, the leg was dug up, and a larger box furnished, and from that hour on no one heard the sufferer utter another complaint on the subject. This gave the public great confidence in Dr. Todd, whose reputation was hourly increasing, and, luckily for his patients, his information also." The medicines bought by the prospective M.D. are referred to by the author as an essentia! part of his stock in trade. That the doctor also kept open shop becomes apparent from a remark by Richard (chap. 14, p. 161) in the "Bold Dragoon" on Christmas eve: "I stepped across, Doctor, and get your boy to weigh me out a pound of salts ..." As to "Indian John," the last of the Mohicans, Natty remarks that "his yarbs are better than all the foreign 'intments" thus adding his brief argument on the medical and pharmaceutical knowledge of our early composite practitioner of Cooperstown. Books Reviewed CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND ANALYSIS OF OILS, FATS AND WAXES. By Dr. J. Lewkowitsch, M.A., F.I.C., con- sulting and analytical chemist and chemical engineer; exam- iner in "soap manufacture" and in "fats and oils" to the City and Guilds of London Institute. Edited by George H. Warburton. Fifth edition, entirely rewritten and enlarged. In three volumes. Vol. III. 8 vc, 483 pages, cloth, $6.50. London, Macmillan & Co., Ltd. No more enduring monument can hardly be conceived than that left by the late Dr. J. Lewkowitsch in the form of the fifth edition of his "Chemical Technology and Analysis of Oils, Fats and Waxes," the third and concluding volume of which is now before us. Viewed in its entirety, one is quite safe in say- ing that this work will continue long to hold an authoritative and encyclopedic position in the literature of the subject. .-\t any rate, from the view point of the present, it contains the latest information concerning discoveries and technical develco- ments in this particular field, while the facts and stati.--tics assembled tend to show the importance and magnitude of the industries throughout the world. Volume III contains two chapters only, but they are among the most important of any in the work. They relate to the technology of manufactured oils, fats and waxes; the technical and commercial examination of the products of these indus- tries; and the technology of waste oils, fats and waxes and the commercial products derived therefrom. Thus, under the in- dustries having for their object the refining of oils, fats and waxes and their application to commercial uses, the sub'"cts considered are the edible oils and fats, burning and illuminating oils, paint oils, lubricating oils, wool oils, and emulsified I' s and fats. Then are considered the industries in which tha gly- cerides undergo a chemical change but are not saponified, as hydrogenated oils and fats, boiled oils, varnishes, etc., vulcan- ized oils, rubber substitutes, sulphonated oils, etc., and the in- dustries based on the saponification of oils and fats, as repre- sented in the candle industry, soap manufacture, glycerin, etc. The last chapter relates to waste products, as refining foots, waste animal fats, mixed waste greases, waste waxes, etc. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MANU- FACTURERS OF MEDICINAL PRODUCTS. 4th annual meeting held at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, New York. This volume, uniform in size and binding with those of pre- vious years, contains a list of the officers and various com- mittees, the roll of membership, and a transcript of the con.sti- tuti'on and by-laws of the a.'^soc iatinn. Thf nx^mhrrship, which includes all of the leadinj? manufacturers of morliciiifi 1 products in this country, now numtxrrs 30. Not the least iiitere-sting part of the "Proceedings" is that covering Secretary Woodruff's re- port, which is .mainly devoted to legislative matters. 300 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [July, 1915 Dental Hygiene In N. Y. Public Schools l Special Week Set Aside by New York to Instruct Pupils In Care of Teeth Photographs by Pathe Freres, Inc. c"nf tooth brush drill. rHE rapid spread of the move- ment to teach hygiene and sanitation in the pubHc .chools throughout the country, \-hich has reached its highest point )f development in "dental hygiene veek" held under the auspices of he bureau of educational hygiene if the Department of Education of ^ew York City from May 24 to .'9, is a scheme in which the drug- gists all over the country are vi- ' tally interested, as a development of the idea of health and sanita- tion among the young people of the country means a 'a,n;c future in- crease in the sale of dental requisites by the druggists During the recent dental hygiene week in New '. c:rk more than 800,000 school children learned how to take care 'i their teeth and took part in exhibition drills illustrating the use of the tooth brush. The program for the week included lectures by dentists at the morning assemblies in all the public schools at which lantern slides and motion pictures were used to show the beneficial effects which can be obtained from good treat- ment. Throughout the week the teachers of the classes gave a series of lectures carefully prepared by the educational bureau and graded according to the age of the pupils. That the movement will be of permanent value is shown l;y the fact that the Bureau is taking every opportunity to bring the parents to realize the importance to their children's health of clean teeth. In a letter to the president of the Parents' Associations and Mother's Clubs, Dr. C. Ward Crampton, di- rector of physical training in the Department of Education, called attention to the vital importance to the parents of keep- ing their children in good health, and asked their co-operation in the plans for Dental Hygiene Week. The response was im- mediate and meetings of the parents were held all over the city. Friday, M:i !8, was "Tooth Brush Day" and in each of the public schools the pupils w through the motions of brush their teeth. The drill was done tr the measured count of the teachei while two of the members of th< class stood in front of the rest ant served as a guide. On Saturday, l\Iay 29, competi tive drills were held in the publii parks of the various boroughs ol the city. The prize teams fron each school were judged on a basi^ of thoroughness and speed. At all" these drills a large number of par- sho-.. i>ig /iow it's ents showed their interest by their " " done presence and their desire to learn the most efficient means of caring for the teeth of their chil- dren. A circular distributed to the parents and children gives ten good reasons for a clean mouth: 1. General good health. 2. Good digestion. 3. Clean breath. 4. Good looks. 5. Prevents swollen faces. 6. Prevents trouble with throat, nose, ears, eyes. 7. Prevents infectious diseases. 8. Prevents tuberculosis. 9. Prevents nervous diseases. 10. Saves money. The druggists of New York City showed that they realized the importance of this educational movement by making special window displays of dental goods and by special advertising in the newspapers in which dental hygiene week was mentioned. Several of the large manufacturers of tooth brushes and dental supplies co-operated with the Department of Education by fur- nishing pictures and display cards illustrating the proper meth- od of caring for the teeth. A girts' class engaged in outdoor tooth brush July, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 301 Building Retail Drug Business by Mail Bringing the Customer Into the Store By Applying In Many Ways the Power of Suggestive Salesmanship By CARL C. IRWIN CopyriglU 1915 by Carl C. Ir-win A S I wai past your place the other day, I noticed your exceptionally fine lot of stock," i small-town drug- gist wrote to a far- mer who had a great many horses, cattle and hogs, "and I wondered if you wouldn't ' like to see the ^-^ .^j^ plendid assort- Ai I -j;as driving past your place the other day. ment of stock rem- edies which I am carrying. "Evidently you have good horses and are interested in the literature and testimonials which I have on file concerning the remedies for horses, such as condition powders, horse liniment, gall remedies and spasm remedies. Then, I have some interest- ing information on condition powders for cows and also on remedies for hogs. "As you know, in buying stock remedies it pays to be sure that what you get is reliable. I make a specialty of all of them and believe that I can give you some good advice and I feel sure that you will be well paid, even if you make a special trip to see me. In any event, I will be very glad to have you stop in at the store the next time you are in town and go over this matter %vith me." The farmer, it happened, had never traded at the drug- gist's store, but, nevertheless, was pleased that the druggist had taken such a special notice of the stock. Besides, there was no suggestion of selling — merely a gentlemanly offer to supply some valuable information, in which, of course, the farmer was interested. Fanner Visits Drug Store So the ne.xt trip to town found the farmer in this drug- gist's store, where, in the end, he purchased not only a num- ber of remedies for his stock, but also a great many other items. And what happened in this case, was duplicated by most of the other farmers in this list, who had received exactly the same letter; but it is likely that not a single one had the slightest suspicion that the druggist had not been in the country for months — that he had obtained the list from the rural mail carrier, who for a small sum selected all the fanners on his route who were plentifully supplied with stock. Increasing the trade on a single item in the drug store in this manner is simply an illustration of one of the thousands of methods that keen-witted druggists everywhere are em- ploying in the use of the mails to bring the customer into the store. This enterprising druggist might have sent an assortment of the free literature on stock remedies with which he was fully supplied to every one on the list; he might have offered to save each a trip by suggesting that the remedies selected would be delivered free by parcel post. But no, he realized the advantage of getting the customers into the store; meeting them face to face; talking over with them, not only one item, but everything else he had to sell. He was not only combatting the mail-order house methods, but cultivating the new fertile trade field which lies at every druggist's door. Getting Customers Into the Store Getting tlie custon;er into tlie store by the use of the mails is principally a matter of selecting some particular item in the regular stock, the collection of the names of those who are vitally interested in it and then a direct appeal to them by mail to come into the store and examine or purchase it. As a rifle ball is to a shotgun load, so is the intelligent direct-mail appeal to the general advertisement. Not that the shotgun isn't efficient — it is, and it has a very real place in the general scheme of retail publicity — for a shotgun might bring down a seal; but a rifle ball between the eyes, saves the skin. The druggist might have easily given publicity to his goods with a circular to every farmer in his territory; but the letter to those who actually needed stock remedies was much cheaper, more to the point and brought ten times as much business. Like Old-Time "Ads" The typical old-time advertisement of the little town drug store was similar to the general store advertisement in the same town — it attempted to sell everything in stock to every one who read the paper. It announced itself as headquar- ters for drugs, oils, paints, cigars, prescriptions, toilet articles and so on. The new method of building business is almost opposite; one thing, at least one thing to each carefully planned subdivision — face cream, rubber sponges, a particular style of toilet set, a certain brand of cigars, a single type of rubber goods is offered and, in the case of direct-mail matter, only to the people to whom it is absolutely necessary. In most cases this letter offer is carefully planned, not to get a direct order to be delivered by parcel post, but to get the people into the store. "When I was a boy," as one druggist explained it, "I used to ride a bicycle and boss eight other boys distributing The typical old-time ad of the general store. i 302 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [July, 1915 circulars over our town. I found that I had to hold back the more aggressive ones and to urge on the lazy ones because we could go no faster than the slowest boy. "Running a drug store is something like that. I find I have to continually force the slower departments and the slow selling items in each department. Formerly newspaper adver- tising, prominent interior and exterior displays did the work; but now I use a still more effective plan. I select the slow selling numbers and then with the aid of my classified mailing list and my addressing and duplicate letter machines, I sort tlie names of the people who have use for each article, work up post or mailing cards, folders or form letters and bring that particular class of people into my store to buy the goods I want to sell. With my slow selling lines on the move I find it easy to show a gain in my business every month." A Market for Every Article In every druggist's stock there is a quantity of old or slow selling goods which apparently no one wants; yet some- where there is a market for every article. Somewhere there is some one who could use it and would be glad to get it if he knew where to look. There is some ailment needing every remedy in the store; some person who has need for every item of drug merchandise. Finding the customer for the slow selling merchandise is one of the chief uses the druggist is making of the mails at the present time. Going through the stock of every depart- ment, he selects the goods which have failed to move by the usual methods and then he proceeds to sort out the names of the people who really have a need for these goods, or who would buy if the price were reduced to within their limit. For example, the study of the women who insist upon the cheapest goods 'reveals to the druggist that few if any of the bon ton customers are seen there. Instead of the bankers wives, he finds the thrifty workingmen's helpmates, the widows and tlie women who have to make every penny count. There- fore, to this class only can he dispose of the goods which have just passed out of favor among the better trade; so he goes directly to them by mail without any waste circulation ^mong any other women. Clearing Out Dead Stock One di-uggist had a chance to buy a job lot of twenty dozen infant's hot water bottles at a big reduction. At first, through his newspaper advertising he had quite a run of busi- ness; but in a little while the sale dropped off and he had a lot of goods on hand which were not moving-. He wrote to the manufacturer for the cut which had been used to illustrate the bottle in the catalog, printed a small mailing card showing it, made a clear-cut, straightforward statement of their actual value, and why he could afford to sell them so cheaply. Then he sent out the cards to the names of all the recent mothers shown by the city birth records. He sold the hot water bottles and made many new customers. A Denver druggist became overstocked on fever thermom- eters. He also sent to a wholesale house for cuts to illustrate six of the numbers he had on hand. With these he pre- pared an unusually attractive circular which he mailed to all the sanatariums, homes and boarding hotises for tubercular people. The special prices he made soon sold his entire stock. But old and slow selling goods are not the only eligible items which, with the aid of the mails, will bring customers into the store. There are just as many opportunities to sell new goods at regular prices to certain classes of people who need them or to create a desire among the regular trade for articles which they have never used before. Just as price is a strong argument to the thrifty middle class, so is style the lever which will pry loose business from the better classes. It is a good thing to send out samples of slow selling merchandise, then it probably is still better to send samples of the new arrivals in these lines to the people who are interested not so much in price as in being first to try out or in having merchandise a little earlier than any one else. It is the same idea applied to the other class of patrons. In the northern part of the United States where the well- to-do colored people wear the new things in garments about as soon as any one, put on airs which would not be tolerated in the South, and do everything to appear as white as possible, there is a druggist who reaps a rich harvest by using direct- mail among them to sell a preparation to take the kink out of their hair. He has all the colored trade coming to him and along with his "kink remover" he sells them a great deal of other merchandise. Special Sale Groods i Another type of merchandise worth telling about in th( mails is special sale goods. The manager of the drug depart- ment of one of the big St. Louis stores has successfully used this idea for a number of seasons. Twice a year the depart- ment puts on a gigantic clearance sale, which is so well established that thousands of St. Louisans wait for it regu- larly. Three days before the sale, every customer of the drug department receives a handsome booklet in which is illus- trated many of the items to be put on sale, a full descrip- tion of the goods and the reason why the prices are so low. The gist of the announcement is that the firm wants to favor the friends of the store in every instance; that there will be a tremendous crowd during the first days of the sale, and that after that the assortment will be badly broken. For the convenience of the regular ciistomers of the drug department, the day previous to the general opening of the sale has been set aside and they are invited to come and select at their leisure the cream of the offerings. How well the customers appreciate this courtesy is evidenced by the fact that the preliminary opening day brings almost as much business as the general opening on the day following. An Ohio druggist uses a similar plan, except that he notifies his entire mailing list of the sale in order to back up his newspaper advertising. He does not have a preliminary opening day for his customers, but uses the mails to assure a big crowd when his sale opens. Another method of using the mails to bring the customer to the store is emphasis on the lines of goods for which the merchant has exclusive agency. Pushes Talking MacMnes A Mississippi druggist has the exclusive agency for a stand- ard brand of talking machine. The manufacturer is constantly repeating the merits of the machine in the magazines this druggist's customers read. Instead of waiting for the customers to come into the store and ask for the machine, this merchant goes to them by mail^ telling them on his own letter head just why he carries this particular brand in preference to all the others and encloses a beautiful booklet, furnished free by the manufacturer. In the same \ray there are scores of advertised articles carried in the average drug store on which the dealer can capitalize the publicity work already done by the manufacturer and thereby reap the benefit because no other dealer in his vicinity can sell that brand. The mails make it possible for the dealer who has exclusive agency to go to the customer, bring him into the store, and sell him not only the advertised article, but a bill of other goods. Certain goods graded according to price make excellent material to exploit tlirough the mails to bring the customa into the store. The manager of tlie cigar department of a medium sized drug store put in a line of pipes to sell for twenty-five to fifty cents. Next he began to search for the men in moderate circumstances most likely to smoke a pip* and to whom this price would appeal most strongly. His being a factory town, he conceived the idea of getting all the names of the employes in th-e factories. Then by persistent circularization on this particular brand and price he soon worked up a fine business among th« people who had never regularly entered the store to buj their pipes. Profitable and Fascinating Getting the customer into the store through the tise ol the mails is profitable and fascinating. It is just in its infancj and the quicker the druggist gets into the game the better The deeper he gets into it the greater possibilities will h« see. No matter what the size of his town or store, then is an unlimited number of plans and schemes he can use tc increase his business by mail. As to how to discover these plans, apparently this lies witf th« druggist himself. His own stock is the best school because what is successful in one part of the countrj' nn] fail completely in another. July. 191 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 303 Sharp & Dohme Open New Laboratory Baltimore Pharmaceutical House, Which Started In Little Frame Building, Now Occupies Splendid Plant W illiam A. S.uler D. F. Dreyer Dr. a. R. L. Dohaie Ernst Stauffen' A little drug store once stood on the southwest corner of Howard and Pratt streets, Baltimore, in a plain, four- story building that had been rfniodclled from a dwelling. Its proprietor was a Quaker, a kindly man named Alpheus Sharp. He hired a bright Gcr-' in ! to work for him, and eventually the boy Decamp ,i ; M - nic was Louis Dohme, and the firm was cilloi - Today, after rift\-i. ; i - : i\c passed. Sharp & Dohme Still occupy the same corm-r. but the little corner pharmacy has changed into two large buildings; has widened and Heightened its confines until they now include 150,000 square feet of floor space. High above the ground floor where .Mpln u.'^ Sharp's Wedgewood pestle used to fuss with a pill-nKiss, winning and clicking machinery now masses and mixes millions of "Lapac- tics." But in spite of such a startling metamorphosis, the old drug store is really the foundation of the present business, and literally the cornerstone of the new building recently occupied. The transition has been due to the foresight of Alpheus Sharp, the initiativi: and energy of Louis and Charles E. Dohme, and the business acnm- •n and high efficiency of the present officials of the corporation. These officials are: Dr. Alfred R. L. Dohme. president; Ernst Stavif- fen vice-president an'! general director; Wil- Kam A. Sailer, secre-t tar>- and general man- ager; and John D. F, Drever, treasurer. The spring of this year saw the comr'l' - tion of the new ad'li tion to the comp.Tir - kboratories. It is i six-story structure of brick. concrete. an el Steel, with a fiontige of seventy feet. The ceil- ings are all high, the lowest being twelve feet. Comfort, capacity, and efficiency have been augmented. Crude drugs are stor- ed in the basement. The order department and some finished stock occupy the first floor, and finished goods take up the entire second story. The third floor is used largely for making pills, the fifth for housing the offices and the sales department, and the sixth for the production of gelatin. On the fourth floor is the hypodermic tablet equipment, which, perhaps more than anything else, has brought world- wide fame to Sharp & Dohme. Here, convenience, together with scrupulous cleanliness and aseptic environment may be said to have reached perfection. Every device known to the science of making hypodermic tablets has been provided, and various processes of the most interesting and instructive char- acter are carried out. A special fire tower and a new power plant installed in a separate building are other features of Sharp & Dohme's mag- nified home. Their old adjoining building, erected in 1892, has been re- modelled, and its various departments have been re-arranged. The firm maintains that it now has the largest plant in this country devoted exclu- sively to the manufac- ture of pharmaceutical products. For the achievements accomplished, the pres- ent officials, whose pho- tographs we reproduce here, must receive some of the credit. ,\lfred R. L. Dohme, Ph. D., is a graduate of Johns liopkins University and a former student at Heidelberg. He has done practical work in the company's labora- torie.s and has made iisrlf known as a ilrf on pliaianaceuti- snlij. 1 1 >\\ Dohme inl.r.slr.l in -olf, litin-. ;in.l .ononio- of his |,ronouiued cha- racteristics. Ernst Stauffen has fione much toward de- veIo|)inp; the (irt;ani/a- Sharp & Dohme's New Laboratory of the business. Tn 1S9.1 he established the gen- eral offices at 41 John 304 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [July, 19 street, New York, where he is still in charge. His knowledge of trade conditions is unsurpassed. Wm. A. Sailer has used his energy specially in the manu- facturing and selling departments. The stimulus which he gave to them was partially responsible for the necessity of an en- largement. John D. F. Dreyer not only looks after the finances of the company but also supervises the credits from the company's general offices at 41 John street, New York. NEW RULINGS ON NARCOTIC LAW Exemptions do Not Apply to Prescriptions — Duties of Collectors — Registrants Must Make Oath to Engage in Legitimate Practice. Recent rulings issued by the Commissioner of Internal Rev- enue relative to the Federal Narcotic law (T. D. Nos. 2213, 2214, 2215 and 2218), are of special interest to druggists, as they more clearly define that prescriptions for narcotic drugs in any quantity are not exempt from the provisions of the act, unless for "preparations" or "remedies" exempted under Section 6'; that the furnishing of narcotic drugs and preparations upon mail orders are not held to be prescribed by a registered physi- sian to a patient, and that liereafter all applicants for registra- tion under the Act must make oath that they will only engage in the legitimate practice of prescribing, dispensing or other- wise dealing in narcotic drugs. A separate registration is also required for each place of business. The following is the text of the decisions, each of which is signed by Commissioner W. O. Osborn and approved by the Secretary of the Treasury: "Prescriptions" Defined Attention is directed to the paragraph on page 4 of Treasury Decision No. 2172 relating to the exemption of certain "prepara- tions" and "remedies" from the provisions of this law. The question arises whether or not "prescriptions" come within the definition of "preparations" or "remedies," as given in the act. The word "preparations," as generally used and understood, means ready-made or prepared medicines and the word "remedies" means that which cures or is efficacious in a specific disease or diseases under all conditions, while the term "prescription" is the written directions or recipe of a physician for the com- pounding or preparing of a medicine and directions for its use to meet the existing conditions in the case of a particular patient. It is, therefore, apparent that the exemptions in Section 6 of the Act, as interpreted in Treasury Decision No. 2172, relat- ing to "preparations and remedies" containing not more than the specified quantities of the drugs enumerated, do not apply to "prescriptions" written by registered physicians calling for any quantity of the narcotic drug, unless such "prescription" is written for a "preparation or remedy" prepared in accordance with the U. .S. Pharmacopeia, National Formulary, or other for- mula, or for a "remedy or preparation" prepared under private or proprietary formula, carried in stock by a dealer, which may be dispensed without a "prescription." Every "prescription," therefore, containing a narcotic drug in any quantity, with the exemptions noted, must have indicated thereon the name and address of the patient, the date, the name and address of the physician, and his registry number. Such "prescriptions" cannot be refilled and must be filed for a period of two years. Status of Those Registering as Physicians But Not Permitted to Practice Medicine Frequent inquiries have been received from internal revenue officers and other persons relative to the powers and limita- tions of the Governmnt to enforce the aljove-named act. Said Act provides, first: for the registration of, and payment of, special tax by every person who produces, imports, manu- factures, compounds, deals in, dispenses, sells, distributes, or gives away opium or coca leaves, or any compound, manufac- ture, salt, derivative, or preparation thereof. This includes all original producers, compounders, chemists, wholesale and retail druggists, physicians, and all other persons who distribute, pre- scribe or give away for any purpose whatever any of the prohibited drugs, their diri vatives or compounds, or in any m.-inner use same, wli, ih. r IcRally or in violation of the law. The fact that tci; i iMiii .n is limited to certain named per- sons indicates th.it tlnrc must be a power of discrimination vested in collectors of internal revenue as to who shall be registered and from whom special tax may be received. There- fore, persons not legitimately engaged in the exercise of their trade or profession can not legally register under the terms t.f this Act. For example: A party must be a legitimate pro- ducer, importer, manufacturer, seller, or distributor of the afore- said drugs, and likewise a physician, dentist, or veterinary sur- geon can register under tliis act and dispense these drugs "in the course of his profess .ti:i1 pmcliro onlv." It also follows from the express laiiKu i <■ nf ilu- Acl that such physician, dentist, or veterinary sii ,r,n ,,im p- i-scril.o such drugs when he "has been employed i , pr-'-rnlH- l .r l!ic p.Trtfcular patie-'t receiving such drugs," .ind upo!> whom he "shall pfrsonallv attend in the course of his professional practice only," and suoli prescriptions must be made "in the legitimate practice of his profession," and then only when "employed to prescr: for the particular person receiving such drugs." The above quotations from the law indicate the correct limi' tion upon the professional prescription or distribution of s drugs by persons whether registered or not. It is apparent from the foregoing that the duties of collect and other internal revenue officers do not end, under the [, visions of this Act, with simple registration. If parties sec registration through misrepresentation or fraud, such regist tion is null and void and does not protect thera from pro='j tion for the illegal use of these drugs, and it is the dut; collectors and other internal revenue officers when such c are discovered to investigate the same, and where the law- been violated in line with the foregoing, to seize and procii to forfeit the prohibited drugs illegally in possession of su parties, and recommend such persons to the district attorn for indictment and prosecution. The foregoing has Special application to those persons wl registering as physicians, prescribe or distribute narcotic drugs preparations on receipt of mail orders received from so-call patients, or who, under the laws of the State or under muaicil regulations, are not permitted to practice medicine. Must Make Oath to Engage in Legitimate Practi Art. 18. The following regulation, amending and supplemei ing Internal Revenue Regulations Xo. 35, of January 15, 19 is hereby promulgated, effective on and after this date. In issuing registry numbers and special tax stamps unc the provisions of the Act of Congress, approved December 1914, known as the Harrison Narcotic Law, collectors of Inteir Revenue will require persons making applications tcf stai under oath, in the blank space on Form 678, or if not sufficie space on the line for that purpose, it should be in the fo of an affidavit attached to the application on this form, tl they will engage in administering, dispensing, or prescribi narcotic drugs only in the legitimate practice of medicine, de tistry, or veterinary surgery; or will engage in the business producing, importing, manufacturing, compounding, dealing in, d pensing, selling, or distributing, as the case may be, only the narcotic drugs for which they are duly qualified, e. g., "T undersigned is now engaged or on and after w engage in the legitimate practice of medicine (dentistry, veterinary surgery;, and is, or are, duly authorized by 1; to administer, dispense, or prescribe narcotic drugs," or "T undersigned is now engaged or on and after w engage in the lawful business of producing (importing, mar facturing, compounding, dealing in, dispensing, selling, or d tributing) narcotic drugs." Must Register Each Place of Business Art. 1. The second paragraph of this article is hereby amend( effective on and after this date (June 12) to read as follow If the applicant has more than one place of business, or in any case, the applicant is engaged in more than one p fession or business where any of the drugs above described ; made, stored, or dispensed, a separate application for regist must be made, and a special tax must be paid, in each such ca IN ARMS OVER CONFLICTING LAWS Buffalo Phai-macists Advised by Erie County Ph. Not to Fill Any Narcotic Prescriptions The Erie County (N. Y.) Pharmaceutical Association a recent meeting in Buffalo, adopted the following; resolutia Whereas, the pharmacists of Erie county are confronted at I present time with two apparently conflicting statutes in relati to the sale of narcotics, one of which is a State law and I other the Federal law, both of which relate to the same si ject, and Whereas, Several pharmacists of Erie county in the course business and an honest effort to comply with the law in dispel ing narcotics upon the prescriptions of well-known, registei physicians, have been called to account by the prosecuting cl cers of Erie county, and Whereas, It is impossible to determine, in advance of 1 decisions of the courts, which law is to control in the sale narcotics, now, Therefore, The Erie County Pharmaceutical Association reCii mends that pharmacists of Erie county refrain from filling phy cians' prescriptions of narcotics until the two laws can be rect cilcd and their more or less involved provisions can be interpret by the courts, so that it will be safe to dispense such dn on physicians' jiroscrirtions, and be it also, further Resolved, riiai ihe New York State Pharmaceutical Assoc tion be recniesied lo take action in the matter of reconcili the two l.Tw s ;iii(l sei iiring such amendments to the public he.T l.iw ns will make it safe for pharmacists to resume dispensi of iiarciUics .m ph\>uKms' prescriptions. Tlic a^'ioi i.ition hmk action, as above indicated, follow! a cnis;ide londucted against Buffalo physicians and druggl by District .\ttorncy Dudley of Erie county. He has h some of the leading men in botli professions in Buffalo indict( the grand jury reporting out forty-five indictments of tj nature at one time. These indictments were secret and the time of the above meeting only a few of them had bt .irraigned. These were permitted to plead not guilty a wore allowed to go under bail in the sum of ?5(>0. pendi trial. July, 1915] THE PHARaiACEUTICAL ERA 305 I Woman an Authority on Medical Botany Miss Alice Henkel of Department of Agriculture Shows Female Sex Has Dehnite Place in Profession of Pharmacy By EMMA GARY WALLACE IT is a significant tribute to the high position which women hold in the profession of pharmacy and chemistry that many of the valuable bulletins relating to medicinal plants published by the United States Department of Agri- culture have been written by a woman, Miss Alice Henkel, who is assistant in the oftice of Economic and Systei.iatic liot.my. Miss Henkel's work is well- kiu.wii to thousands of drug- gis:s, students and jirofessors of pharn.acy. She has con- dueled many original investi- ^atio.is, the results of which are considered >iJthoritative in the sphere of ajiplied eco- nomic botany. J'i'ine of the bullc-ins which Miss Ilenkel 'vritten are as follows: !-"anriers Bulletin No. !5!8 "Weeds L''sed in Ntedicine." Bui. No. 51, Pait 6, "Goldenseal." Bui. No. 89, "Wild Medi- rinal Plants of the United '■; ; - , 111 \ Ki' I .--tates." Bui. No. 90, Part 3, "Pep- permint." Bui. No. 107, "American Root Drugs." Bui. No. 139, ".American Medicinal Barks." Cir. No. 6, "Cultivation and Handling of Goldenseal" (revision of Bui. No. 51, Part 6). Bui. No. 219. ".American Medicinal Leaves and Herbs." Bui. No. 26, ".American Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds." These have all been exceedingly popular, some of them having been so much in demand that they have been referred to as the "six best sellers" of the Superintendent of Documents office. Miss Henkel's training for the work she is doing began really when she was a child, for her father, August Henkel, conducted a successful pharmacy in Cincinnati. When Miss Henkel was si.x years old her fatlier moved, to Hamilton, Ohio, having purchased a drug store there. Her early education was received in the public schools of Hamilton, and completed in Washington, D. C, whence her father moved to accept a Government position. Miss Henkel comes of a long line of doctors, druggists and botanists and interest in such work was bred in the bone. Mr. Henkel, her father, was hospital steward in the United States Army during the Civil War, and was at one time as- sociated with Professor Maisch in the U. S. Army Laboratory in Philadelphia. Having studied stenography and typewriting. Miss Henkel filled a position for a while in a newspaper office, later taking a civil service examination and was appoint- ed to the Department of Agriculture. Her knowledge of phar- macy helped her wonderfully in transcribing matter which con- tained terms relating to chemistry, botany, zoology and path- ology. She was promoted rapidly and was frequently called upon to take dictation from Dr. Charles W. Dabney, Assistant Secretary of Agriculture during President Cleveland's adminis- tration. Dr. Dabney urged her to give up stenography and study some scientific subject. She acted upon his advice and decided to make a specialty of medical botany. That was the beginning of her medical plant work, for she at once entered the National College of Pharmacy and for three years took work fitting her for the field of medical botany. In 1898 she was transferred to the Division of Botany be- cause of her exhaustive knowledge of medical botany, and had as her chief, Frederick V. Coville, the United States botanist, who among other lines of research, had entire charge of the investigation of medicinal and poisonous plants. In 1901 Mr. Coville placed his new assistant in charge of all correspondence and all work relating to medicinal plants to be cultivated in the Government testing gardens, among which were the follow- ing: Hydrastis canadensis, Spigelia rnarilandica, Polygala senega, Valeriana officinalis, Mentha piperita, Mentha viridis, Cheno~ podium anthehmnticum, Aletris farinosa, Aconituni napellus, Miss Henkel's residence at Chevy Chase, Md., and a carrier of her beautiful rose garden. 11 306 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [July, 1915 Atropa belladonna, Digitalis purpurea, and Hyoscynius niger. This list met with approval, and this marvelous, little lady at once ordered the seeds and plants and had them planted for trial in the Government Testing Gardens, thus laying the foundation for the present drug farm. The investigation of medicinal plants was continued under Mr. Coville's authority until 1905, and when in that year this work was formed into an independent office under a strange head. Miss Henkel went over to the new office simply because of her love for the work. There has been some misapprehension on the part of the public concerning the medicinal plant investigation undertaken by the Government. Articles have been noted in the press at various times which gave the impression that medicinal plant investigation was not begun by the Department until 1903, when as a matter of fact as long ago as 1889 the Division of Botany was charged with this work. From time to time this Division published various papers and circulars on medici- nal plants and the experimental cultivation of drugs was also undertaken by the Division of Botany prior to 1903. Miss Henkel's personality is as delightful as her work is remarkable. She lives with her mother in Chevy Chase, Mary- land, a suburb of Washington, D. C. The accompanying pic- tures of the house and a portion of the rarely beautiful rose garden are most interesting. Miss Henkel dearly loves books, flowers, and music. She possesses quite a large library, mostly pharmaceutical, botanical, and historical. She is especially proud of a choice collection of many quaint, old medical botanies and books of travel, the latter mostly of the Niagara frontier, in which region she is particularly interested. As a recreation for herself and a means of rare entertainment for her friends. Miss Henkel plays the zither, the real sure-enough zither, not the instrument popular some years ago under the name "American zither." She was formerly a member of a Washington zither quartette which often played in public. She has been a member of the American Pharmaceutical Association since 1902. We have notable examples of women who have achieved .success in practically all branches of medicine, chemistry, and botany, but it would be difficult to find another case of young woman who can point to a more worthy career th. Miss Henkel. Her climb up the ladder of recognized efficien has been a steady one, nor has she rested when she reached t'l top. She has been able to send forth a vast fund of knowle'i^ which has enriched and is continually enriching the medir and pharmaceutical professions, not only of the United Stat' ■ but of the world as well. The debt of humanity to Ali Henkel, — this sister-in-the-work is a large one, and we a: , all justly proud of the success she has merited and won. The above is reprinted from the June issue of The ERA /- - cause of a mistake in the use of a cut, a picture of Mrs. Gr. Lee Abbott being used for that of Miss Henkel. News About Women Prominent in Pharmacy HIGHEST IN CLASS OF 62 MOTHER AND SON GRADUATE TOGETHER That Miss Eulalia E. McKeehan is an exceptional student is attested by the fact that last January, as soon as she had com- pleted her three years of apprenticeship, she took the examina- tions of the Indiana state board and was licensed as a full registered pharmacist. She received an average in these exami- nations of 90.8%, this being the highest record made in the class of sixty-two who were exam- ined at this time. Miss Mc- Keehan is one of those rare in- dividuals who is well balanced by her being as fine a business woman as she is a student. Fol- lowing her graduation from the Fort Wayne public and high schools, she took the complete course of study at the Angola College of Pharmacy, graduat- ing June 12, 1912. Four days later she entered the drug store of Mr. F. D. Homan, Ft. Wayne, where she has been con- tinuously employed ever since. She is equally efficient behind the counter, in buying, in manu- Mlss Ev-l.kua E. McKeeh.an facturing, and presrriplion work. The last departmrnt nf \n , „ k is her especial joy, however. The proprietor of th. Kusim ss s not hesitate to leave this twenty-three year old -iil in iomi|.1. ti charge when business or pleasure directs. iSIiss McKeehan has a brilliant future ahead of her in the field of work she has chosen . Boston Chapter Elects Officers The election of officers of Boston Chapter No. 1 was held at their last meeting, the following ticket being elected : Presi- dent, I^Irs. Frances La Piei Hayes: first vice-president, Mrs. lucsidrnt, I\Irs. Fll.-n I.. Cnnnollv: llv M CmiumIIn: , . .n . m m „ 1 ii , - I I- .x,ll„ l.a I'ierre; Legislative, ,Mr Conservation, Mrs. Martha Morev, Some people feel that unless their early opportunities i' education fit them for a certain line of work, they are fore', debarred from entering. The experience of Mrs. Charles . Eckels of 3246 North 23rd street, Philadelphia, Pa., shows h., superficial is this judgment. She and her son passed thei; examinations side by side ii Harrisburg in April, V"<' with equal degree of credibili*: Allice E. Eckels had been t. wife of a well-known phan^. cist for a number of ye ; ; when her husband decided ; studv medicine at the Jeffers Medical College of Philadelpl : Toward the close of his stud' : course he found the care of : drug business especially exa. ing and !Mrs. Eckels willinu agreed to go into the store a: do what she could. She prom, ly took charge of the desk w . and the ordering of stock. II housewifely ability manifest itself in a thorough systematizi: of everything so that !Mr. E^ •^[p^ p \ l-'cKi IS ' ' ' " -It a moment's r.> - ■ : ing stood. Lit il, \,x lull. Mis 1 I 1.' '.s !u, ■ d in the ^vor^ ,111.1 iii.il. .,i]'iM. ' -\fter Dr. Eckel finisli.a his i i ! afiected and although he return. . 1 i" i ■.■.. cessary for his wife ' remain l.\ 1 is si . indispensable in sen- ing tb.c piiblii ..s V,, 11. .stoic .liiir store was added to the lis until the lii in cnviu d six and >Irs. Eckels did all the purchasbs and dislril.iiliii;-; of stock for tlie same. During one year Dr. Eckels had a long siege of t>-phoi< fever and for a twelve month, liis wife cared for the entin hu.siiiess alone. It was after this that her friends urged he t.> t ik. til.' si ite board examination witli her son who ■was stii.l.nt It th. I'iiiladelphia College of Pharmacy. The woma w h.i h i.l .1.111 s.i much was timid and doubted her own couragi to meet the examining board. Her husband went witli her aE< she and her son took the test side by side. Mrs. Eckels says, "I had my courage in both hands. _M] liusband accompanied me so I would not change my mind There were only three or four women present, and all sortl Jl-ly, 1915] THE PHARIklACEUTICAL ERA 307 of sensations played havoc in my mind as I entered the room with so many men." The wisdom of her doing this soon became evident, for hav- ing visible proof of her efficiency and right to compound pre- scriptions gave her confidence and put her thoroughly at her ease. She says the satisfaction her diploma has brought her has paid for all the study and anxioty she went through to earn it. She now knows that in cis. nf nmssity she can ni.iki' fcgood and no one can deny her ilu rijl i in iKi so. She < n- courages all women (especially if f.itlu r, son, or hu.'^h.uul arc interested) to take up pharmacy for in this as in all other lines, the field is broadening and her influence and help is bound to be a lasting benefit, not only to the profession but to those who wish to serve. Mrs. Eckel's son is now a surgeon in the United States Army with the title of Captain Lauren S. Eckels, M. C, being sta- tioned at Fort Grant in the Panama Canal zone. A SUCCESSFUL WOMAN PHARMACIST FEW women proprietors of drug stores have made a greater all-around success of pharmacy tlian jMrs, Emily C. McRae of Spokane, Washington. A Chicagoan by birth and education, she came of a family in which druggists and doctors were numerous and so it was quite natural she should follow the tradi- tions of the family and decide to study pharmacy. It was while she was a stu- dent of pharmacy there that she met Mr. McRae who was also a pharmacist. Home in- terests for a time absorbed ler attention, but as both -naatuutqd ut pojsajajui gj.i.u tical matters, it was quite to "be expected that when Mr. McRae opened a drug store •in Spokane his wife woul lender such assistance and advice as it was possible for her to give. Unfortunately a year later Mr. McRae died, and while his wife's future was well taken care of finan- ;mrs. Emily C. IMcRae x:ially, she could not bring iherself to give up the business of which they had hoped so much. She promptly resumed her studies and had no difficulty in ■passing the State Board. Seeing still further possibilities ahead, Mrs. McRae specialized in the study of medicine. Her ■business has proved successful and her customers unusually loyal. She believes in intelligent energy constantly applied to business, in close study, careful buying, and right service in selling. She thinks no small part of her own success has been due to the fact that she has made a point of remembering people by name and of taking a personal interest in the in- •dividual customers. Mrs. McRae has built up a splendid business and in addi- tion to this has accumulated considerable real estate. Her business life has not caused her to become one-sided, for a more feminine woman does not live than this Washington lady. She is a member of the Spokane Chamber of Commerce, of the American Pharmaceutical -Association, is_ one of the Vice-Presidents of the Spokane Women's Club beside being on its Board of Managers, she is also an active member in the Order of the Eastern Star, of the Rebeccas, and of the Ladies of the Maccabees. Nor is this all, for her social and civic interests arc many. Speaking of pharmacy as a profession for women, Mrs. McRao declares that while it is somewhat confining, she be- lieves women are especially fitted for the work because they are naturally neat, careful, accurate, and reliable. She thinks if a woman has a fondness for this line of work and is adapted to it, there is no reason why she should not make a success of it. She has found no unpleasant prejudice against her work on account of her sex and can see no reason \.iiy young women clerks should not be more generally employed, pro- vided they have acquired sufficient knowledge to become compe- tent in the work. AROUND THE CIRCUIT Miss Nora V. Brendle of Wilmington, Delaware, was hon- ored by being elected state secretary of the Delaware Pharma- ceutical Association at the state meeting held in Wilmington, June 3. The many friends of Aliss B. Arete Johnson, the popular woman iiliarmacist of Penns Grove, Pa., will be pained to. learn of the critical illness of her mother. Miss Johnson's business is located in that section of the country where the manufacture of ammunition and powder is booming because of the European war. r^Irs. Grace Lee Abbot, who has until recently been in the employ of Professor Joseph P. Remington of Philadelphia, has accepted a responsible position in a large sanitarium on the beautiful Hudson River. The Philadelphia Chapter of the W. O. N. A. R. D. held a moonlight excursion on the evening of June 24 on the Dela- ware river, the Wilmington chapter coming up to Philadelphia on the boat and joining the ladies of that city there. The annual dinner of Philadelphia chapter No. 6 will be held at Willow Grove on the last Thursday in July. The new officers of the Chicago Chapter No. 2 for the com- ing year are women well known in drug circles. President, Mrs. Horace C. Nelson ; first vice-president, Mrs. Joseph For- brich; second vice-president, Mrs. E. A. Hartke; third vice- president, Mrs. A. L. Coppock ; recording secretary, Mrs. Julius Riemenschneider; corresponding secretary, Mrs. Anton P. Hess; treasurer, Mrs. Louis A. Schmid. Mrs. W. S. Elkin, Jr., of Atlanta, Ga. died Saturday, May 2.?. She was one of the early members of the W. O. and active in the work of the Atlanta chapter during the short time of its life. Mr. Elkin and a son mourn her loss as well as a host of friends. Dr. Walter E. Lee, the only son of Mrs. William E. Lee, Philadelphia, sailed May 20 for Bordeaux, France. After a motoring trip through Spain, he will enter the American Hos- pital in Paris to serve there during July, August, and Sep- tember. Philadelphia Chapter No. 6 of the W. O. has elected offi- cers for the following year. They are : President, Mrs. William E. Lee; first vice-president, Mrs. H. C. Clapham ; second vice- president, Mrs. Samuel C. Henry ; third vice-president, Mrs. Charles E. King; fourth vice-president, Mrs. Frank W. Fluck; fifth vice-president, ]\Irs. Robert Simpson; recording secretary, Mrs. William T. Burke; corresponding secretary, Mrs. L. R. Hoffeckcr; treasurer, Miss .-Annie M. Kessler. St. Louis Chapter W. O. No. 8 is to be headed by the fol- lowing well known women during the coming year. President, !Mrs. Richard Kring; vice-president, Mrs. A. S. Ludwig; re- cording secretary, IVirs. Fred Uhlich; corresponding secretary, Mrs. Gustav Kring; treasure:-, Mrs. Phil. Vrerhellcr. Miss Nora V. Brendle has been re-elected president of the Wilmington Chapter No. 12 for the coming year. She will be assisted by first vice-president, Mrs. Oscar Draper; second vice-president, Mrs. Walter Morgan; recording secretary, Mrs. Charles Thompson; corresponding secretary, Mrs. D. I. ]\Ic- Colly; treasurer, Mrs. Norman Downes. A delegation of the ladies of Loui^jlle Chapter No. 11 at- tended the annual meeting of the iSntucky Federation of Women's Clubs recently held at Lexington, Ky. The attend- ance of such delegates at large gatherings of women is ex- tremely desirable, that the importance of pure drugs as well as pure foods be emphasized in the public mind. A large repre- sentation of the same Chapter women were present at the Kentucky Pharmaceutical Association convention held at Daw- son Springs in June 308 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [July, 1915 FOREIGN ABSTRACTS Sodium Glycerophosphate — The structure of crystallized sodium glycerophosphate repre- 'sents the molecule as containing phosphoric acid in which one hydrogen atom is esterified with glycerin, while the ether two hydrogens are replaced by sodium. But the question is left open as to whether the glycerin group is joined by the primary or secondary alcoholic group. Carre and Paolini, who have studied the problem, have arrived at opposite conclusions, the former stating that the glycerin is joined in the alpha position, by means of a primary alcohol group, while the latter considers the ester as the beta form, in which the glycerin is joined by the secondary alcohol group. These results were based on a study of brucine glycerophosphate prepared from the sodium salt. Grimbert and Bailly attack the question in a new manner, by observing the effect of oxidizing agents, such as bromine water, on the glycerin group. They find that 24 hours of oxi- dation in the cold, by means of bromine water, give a reaction product with crystallized sodium glycerophosphate which re- acts with Deniges' resorcinol solution, forming a colored sub- stance, while the uncrystallizable sodium glycerophosphate does not give such a product. The ester containing the primary alcoholic group would alone be capable of forming an acetone derivative which would react with the Deniges reagent, and it is found that only the uncrystallizable salt of sodium behaves in this way. It is therefore concluded that the crystallized salt has the beta form, and that the alcohol grouping in it is sec- ondary. (Grimbert and Bailly, J. Pharm. Chim., 1915, p IS: ) Stable Emulsions — Stable emulsions of almond or olive oil may be prepared, according to Breitmann, by replacing the water by almond milk. A still greater degree of stability is attained, according to Apo- lant, by adding 0.2 g. of salicylic acid to each IS cc. of emulsion. Emulsions prepared in this manner will remain perfect, in summer weather, for at least a week. The addition is without influence on the action of the remedy, and has no bad effect on the stomach. (Pharm. Zentralhalle, 1915, p. 124.) Reactions of Strophanthin K. and G. — Reichard makes use of the varying behavior of the two varie- ties of strophanthin with sulphuric acid, to distinguish between them. If a small bit of each substance is placed on a micro- scope slide and moistened with 90 per cent sulphuric acid, the Kombe' strophanthin dissolves at once, while the Gratus variety remains undissolved for hours. On warming, both kinds take on an intense green color. If the dry substances are treated in the cold with pure sulphuric acid, k-strophanthin in the cold, takes on the green color, while g-strophanthin re- mains unaffected, becoming green, however, on heating. If the two tests are then allowed to stand in the cold, the k-strophan- thin changes gradually to a pigeon-blue amorphous precipitate, a reaction which is very characteristic. The g-strophanthin may, at times, show an irridescent play of colors, which is lacking in the k-strophanthin. Potassium dichromate greatly increases the solubility of g-strophanthin in water, and from the yellow solution branching crystals of a double compound separate on drying. Ammonium molybdate and alkaline tung- states give more or less characteristic color reactions with both glucosides. Results with iodic acid, ferro- and ferri-cyanide and nitroprusside were negative. Copper and nickel sulphates give remarkable color phenomena, but nothing characteristic. G-strophanthin heated with diphenylamine and water on a slide forms oily drops, which solidify on cooling. If sulphuric acid is added to this residue, a deep violet-blue color appears, which soon pales and disappears, the solution becoming tur- bid. If heat is again applied, the blue color returns. K- strophanthin does not give these reactions. Further new reac- tions with chloral hydrate, alpha- and beta-naphthol, tannic acid, and glycerophosphoric acid are described, for details of which the original must be consulted. (Reichard, Pharm. Zentralhalle, 1915, pp. 159, 174.) Edestin in Pepsin Assay — Edestin, a vegetable globulin, obtained from hemp seed, may be substituted with advantage for fibrin or coagulated egg al- bumin in the assay of pepsin. It is prepared by extracting bruised fat-free hemp seed with 10 per cent, sodium chloride solution, from which solution it is precipitated by adding a large volume of water. The salt may also be removed by dialysis. Edestin is insoluble in pure water, but soluble in many neutral salt solutions and in 2.5 per cent hydrochloric acid, from which it is precipitated by the addition of nitric acid. 0.2 g. of pepsin of the strength of the French Codex will digest 20 cc. of a 0.5 per cent solution of edestin in 2.5 per cent hydrochloric acid, in 15 minutes, the temperature being 50°. The presence of undigested edestin may be shown by the addition of 30 drops of nitric acid to the cooled solu- tion. (Delaunay and Bailly, Bull. Sci. Pharmacolog., 1915, p. 389; through J. Soc. Chem. Ind.) Test for Peroxide in Ether — In a test tube are placed 2 or 3 drops each of a freshly pre- pared solution of ferrous suphate and of potassium sulphocy- anide, 5 cc. of the purest ether, and the liquid to be examined. After shaking the mixture, the presence of peroxide is shown by the appearance of a red color in the ether. Instead of fer- rous sulphate, which always contains ferric salt, ferrous am- monium sulphate (Mohr's salt), is preferable. This test is stated to be much superior to that of the German Pharmaco- poeia, in which potassium iodide is used. Dietze recommends the following proceedure in testing ether pro narcosi : 5 cc. of the ether are shaken with 1 cc. of decinormal ammonium sulpho- cyanide solution and 2 drops of a fresh and acidulated solu- tion of ferrous ammonium sulphate in water, which has been boiled and cooled. (Dietze, Apoth. Ztg., 1915; through Pharm. J.) Detection of Paraffin in Beeswax — One gram of wax is saponified on a flame for one hour with 10 cc. of half-normal alcoholic potash, and 10 cc. of alcohol (denatured may be used). The flask is taken from the flame, and the liquid stirred continuously with a thermometer until the solution just becomes cloudy, when the temperature is noted. The end point is very sharp and constant. In the case of pure waxes, the cloudiness is followed by the immediate precipitation of large flocks; with adulterated samples, the clouding is gradual, and flocculation does not occur until a lower temperature is reached. Carnauba, Japan, insect, or stearin wax does not interfere appreciably with the end point, but as little as 5 per cent of paraffin raises the temperature of clouding considerably. In waxes of the East Indian type, S per cent of paraffin will raise the point from 56° to 61-62°, and 10 per cent raises it to 74-75°. With waxes of the European type, the clouding temperature for pure waxes is 60° ; with 5 per cent paraffin, 63-64°, and with 10 per cent, 74-75°. (Sala- mon and Seaber, J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 1915, p. 461.) New Test for Salicylic Acid — If a trace of salicylic acid or a salicylate is added to a few drops of cooled mixture of equal parts by volume of pure sul- phuric acid and 40 per cent formaldehyde solution, and a trace of ammonium vanadate is added, immediately a color like Prus- sian blue is produced, rapidly changing to green. Salicylic aldehyde gives a pale yellow color before tlie addition of the vanadate, but otherwise reacts in the same manner. All other phenols or phenolic substances either give no coloration, or give varying shades of red, brown, or green. The reagents alone may give an orange coloration, changing to green. (Self, Pharm. J,, 1915, p. 521.) Quiniodol — This new remedy is used as a substitute for iodoform, and has a less unpleasant odor. It is applied as a dusting powder. Two strengths are made, containing 5 and 10 per cent of iodine. They are prepared by dissolving 5 or 10 g. of iodine in 100 or 200 g. of ether, and adding the solution to 100 g. of very finely powdered red cinchona bark, and tlicn triturating tlie mixttire until the ether has completely evaporated. The cost is much less than that of iodoform, and tlie efficacy is said to be great fspcciallv for gangrenous and infected wounds. (Mouchet and Malbec'Rep. Pharm., 1915, p, 83.) July, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 309 I THE QUESTION BOX The ' 'Hoxju to Do It ' ' Department Conducted by Pharmaceutical Experts For the benefit of ERA Subscribers Liquefied vs. Solution of Carbolic Acid (B. G. B.) — ^The Pharmacopoeia recognizes liquefied phenol (carbolic acid) under the title Phenol Liquefactum (liquefied carbolic acid) which is prepared by melting carbolic acid on a water-bath, and then adding for every 9 parts by weight of melted carbolic acid, 1 part by weight of water, and mixing thoroughly. This liquid, if made from official phenol (car- bolic acid) contains 86.4 per cent, of absolute carbolic acid and 13.6 per cent of water. If your sample of carbolic acid crj'stais answers the pharmacopoeial requirements, 5 pounds, when melted, will require the addition of 5/9 pound of water (by weight) to make the official liquefied acid. This liquefied acid is that usually employed for dispensing purposes as it can be readily poured out and measured, thereby saving the trouble of weighing the crystalline acid. If car- bolic acid be prescribed without other qualification, the crystal- line acid, at least theoretically, should be dispensed, but in our obser\-ation and experience, not one physician in ten expects that the crystalline acid will be used, as he supposes the acid is in liquid form. When more water is added to liquefied carbolic acid, the mLxture becomes cloudy and so continues until 1500 parts of water have been added, when the conditions are reversed, the water dissolving the acid, while in the first instance, it is held that the acid dissolves tlie water (in making the lique- fied acid). The only standard solution of carbolic acid in glycerin that we can recall is the U. S. P. "glycerite of phenol", which is made by mi.xing "'liquefied carbolic acid", with glycerin in the proportion of 20 parts by volume of the former to 80 parts by volume of the latter; thus: Liquefied phenol 20 Cc. Glycerin 80 Cc. Add the liquefied phenol to the glycerin, and stir thoroughly until mi.xed. This official solution in glycerin should not be confused with the so-called "carbolated glycerin", which is usually made by mixing 1 dram of carbolic acid to the fluid ounce of finished product. There is no official solution of carbolic acid in alcohol, although phenol is readily soluble in the latter. Compound Mixture of Helenin (R. S. T.) — We are unable to find a formula under this title in any of the reference works at our command, although it is possible that something of this character has been published. According to the United States Dispensatory, a 2 per cent, solution of helenin in almond oil has been recommended as an efficient local remedy in the treatment of diphtheria, the solu- tion being painted on tb» false membrane formed in the disease after first dusting with powdered camphor, the operation being repeated every four hours. Helenin (alantollactone, alantcam- phor) is found in the root of Inula Helenium or elecampane. It is insoluble in water, but dissolves readily in ether, alcohol, petroleum ether, chloroform, benzol, and fatty oils. E. Merck ("Annual Report," Darmstadt, 1913) quotes Bokenheim as stating that helenin has an inhibitory effect on the growth of tubercle bacilli in a dilution of 1 in 10,000, and it has been used with success in tuberculosis, whooping-cough and bron- chial affections. L. Renon, also quoted by Merck, prescribes, to combat the cough in phthisis, helenin in combination with peronin and thebaine, in the form of powders or pills con- taining "peronin, 1/6 grain; thebaine, 1/6 grain and helenin. 1/3 grain for a dose. Two doses are given daily at intervals of about 5 hours." Helenin should not be confused with the so-called neutral principle "helonin," employed in eclectic practice as a uterine tonic and in diseases peculiar to females, and which is given in dose of J/^ to 2 grains. It has also been recommended as a vermifuge in 4 grain doses (Parrish). Bleaching' Stra'W (G. A. P.) — The "chemicals" generally employed by hatters to bleach straw are chlorinated lime, sulphurous acid, hydrogen peroxide, sodium dioxide and sodium perborate. Usually, chlo- rinated lime is used for the light shades, the straw being al- lowed to stand from twelve to twenty-four hours in a clear 5 per cent solution. It is then washed with water, again washed with a 2 to 5 per cent solution of sodium hyposulphite or ni- trite, and finally with water. The last traces of chlorine are removed by drying in bright sunlight. Instead of chlorinated lime, electrolytically produced hypochlorite of magnesium, sodi- um and aluminum may be advantageously employed, the hypo- chlorite thus prepared possessing greater decolorizing power than that produced by ordinary chemical methods. The process of bleaching with sulphurous acid is similar to the "sulphuring" or "stovuig" used for wool bleaching. This can be carried out with a sulphurous acid solution. The straw is covered with a solution of sodium bisulphite, and hydrochlor- ic acid is gradually added- The straw is washed successively in water, ammoniacal water, and then again in water. The formation of some sulphuric acid in this process tends, it is said, to render the straw brittle. The simple bleaching of straw by means of a solution of hydrogen peroxide made alka- line by the addition of sodium silicate or timgstate, usually does not give a pure white straw. Sodium dioxide (peroxide) is also extensively employed for bleaching purposes, the addi- tion of a dilute acid to an aqueous solution of this compound causing the liberation of hydrogen peroxide. Sodium perborate is similarly employed for bleaching purposes, and a formula in which this agent is named and which is recommended for bleaching straw hats, is given in the Era Formulary, page 286. Magnesium Carbonate in Cake Form (G. L. C.) — As we understand it, magnesium carbonate isi generally put into cake form at the time of manufacture. It" may be prepared in several ways, depending mainly upon the- source from which the magnesia is derived, as each mineral": requires a different method of treatment, according to its com-- position. However, it may be prepared from a solution of magnesium sulphate by adding sodium carbonate, and boiling' the mixed solutions. In the reaction magnesium carbonate and sodium sulphate are formed. The latter being soluble, is washed out, while the magnesium carbonate is collected, pressed mto squares or cubes, called bricks, dried at a moderate heat, and wrapped in paper. ?riys the New York Health Board: ■ It In^ rome to the notice of the Department of Health tlMt P ir ii.lifnylenediamin is being extensively used in hair dyes. Thi.s substance is an irritant poison and frequently produces dermatitis looking not unlike the eruption of small- pox. The Department warns against the use of this prepa- ration for the purpose mentioned and has taken steps to prevent its use." 310 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [July, 191.". Nomenclature of Drugs The Tendency of Druggists and Physicians to Use Proprietary Rather than Scientific Names THE decision of the International Commission on Zoologi- cal Nomenclature in regard to the name "ancylostoma" has excited lively interest.* This seems somewhat singu- lar in view of the general indifference to the nomenclature of drugh. Perhaps it would be better to say that the apathy of the medical profession toward the deplorably chaotic condition of drug nomenclature is singular and requires explanation. Certainly no irregularity and no innovation in the naming of a parasite can produce the harm and inconvenience that result from the haphazard naming of remedial agents. The first requisite of successful prescribing is to know what one is giving. If the prescriber has not clearly in mind the exact properties and character of the drug prescribed, he does not know that drug. The mellifluous and meaningless name preferred for its "convenience" to a chemically descriptive name is too often an alias, masking the actual relationships of the substance. Thus, whereas the name "diacetylmorphin" tends to remind the user of the dangerous properties of the drug, the convenient name "heroin" has no such associations; undoubted- ly the name has conduced to more reckless employment of this habit-forming preparation. The name "atoxyl" was given to sodium arsanilate presumably to indicate its alleged harmless- ness ; but the preparation has belied its name by exhibiting decidedly poisonous action. The influence of the name must have been both actively and passively mischievous — actively, so far as it seemed to promise innocuousness, and passively so far as it merely disguised the real nature of the drug. Since the action of drugs depends on their chemical nature, the names should at least suggest the chernical composition and relationship of the substances (as the name "acetanilid," indicating a compound of acetic acid and anilin) or, at any rate, indicate from what they are derived (as the names "co- cain" from coca, and "strophanthin" from strophanthus) . The tendency toward names like antipyrin (against fever), diuretin (to promote the urinary flow) and migrainin (for headache) — that is, toward names suggestive of a therapeutic use rather than of the actual properties and character of the drugs — is one to be deplored and discouraged. Such monstrosities as "veronal" (said to commemorate the fact that one of the promoters of the drug thought of this name while passing through Verona) and "stovaine" (a pun on a man's name) are objectionable simply because they give no clue to the real character of the substance. Then in the case of preparations protected only by trade- marked names, the financial side comes in. Hexamethylenamin is quoted under this, its correct name, in a current catalogue at 13 cents an ounce; under the proprietary and therapeutically suggestive names "Uritone," "Urotropin" and "Cystogen," at 35 cents, 60 cents and $1 an ounce, respectively — certainly a high tax for a short name. Theobromin sodium salicylate was for years C|Viote(l under its true name at 35 cents an ounce; under the pi ,i if tar> name "Diuretin," the same substance, not .superior in ihn iix|hii, is quoted at $1.75 an ounce — an in- ci-ia.-ic of 4IIII p. I . - Ill in in'ice for a name I for in.i.iiHf mcnil" I ill- gen" ' I !-- rcas'-Il. I'- familL.r l!-a In tlic lln scientific na bestowed h% and tli-a -i" our - \' - rv iiimr -rur- i i.s not the .sole has become so Ir com ivc, but because tney arc kept he consciousness and stamped on y medical student was igy, and was thus en- abled to understand the meaning of anatomic and pathologii terms, no matter how many syllables they contained, whereas chemistry and pharmacology were so slighted that most medicai students had little, if any understanding, of the principles oi chemical terminology. Such students (now physicians) find m difficulty in remembering the anatomic names "supinator radi brevis" because they understand what each component of th- term means; but the U. S. P. name "hexa-methylen-amin," thoroughly understood by the organic chemist, means nothir.. to them, and consequently they forget it readily. For this th-: may be pardoned ; but they are less pardonable if they tr\- i make their ignorance a reason against the general adoption of scientific nomenclature. The younger members of the prof-.- sion, moreover — those who have graduated from the better clj- of medical colleges within the last ten years — ought to f- that an admission that they do not understand such chemi( terms is discreditable; it means that they have failed to pro:, as they should have profited from both their preliminary ar, their medical education. It is time for the profession geiiera!. to realize that an anatomy whose nomenclature depended - : the inexact terminology of common speech would be no mor discreditable and hampering to modern medicine than a i har- maceutical chemistry similarly bereft of scientific nomenclatur': We should eschew the fanciful and therapeutically suggesti'.- names provided by manufacturers. For nonpatented substarc- ■ let us use the U. S. P. or other nonproprietary names, and :- new patented products, let us insist that names at least sugg---- ing the chemical (not the alleged therapeutic) nature of t-. drug be adopted. — (Journ. of the A. M. A.) K ilt Comment), The Jour- Correspondence, April 17. "DRUG TRUST" CASE COMES UP AGAIN Although it has been eighteen years since the John D. Pari & Sons Co., wholesale druggists of Cincinnati, instituted pr- ceedings in the Federal Courts against the wholesale house Schieffelin & Co. and a number of other wholesale and ret;: drug concerns for attempted combination in restraint of tra-. and ten years since the issuance of the famous "Indianapo. decision" declaring the tripartite agreement of the X. W. D. .\ the P. A. of A. and the X. A. R. D. to be a violation the Sherman anti-trust law, the taking of testimony still c- : tinues for the purposes of a final adjudication as to the damaL; the complainants are entitled to recover. The present proceeding is an order secured by the complai: ants directing Dr. William Jay Schieffelin, president of Schi-. felin & Co., Xew York City, to testify before ex- Judge iMani Stover, who was appointed to take testimony. Besides the fir- of Schieffelin & Co. lieing a member of the X. W. D. A., D Schieffelin was president of the organization in 1910. and fr( - 1906 to 1909 inclusive, was chairman of its committee on pv prietary goods, and the plaintiff alleges that he is a materi witness in the case, and that he will be able to testify that t; means employed to maintain prici-s were to punish all dealer- whether wholesale or retail, who were guilty of an infractii of the defendants' rules by refusing to sell them goods. The order for Dr. Schieffelin's exaniir ■ ■ : i- s that he shall produce all reports, lists of deal--- "d letters received bv the Schieffelin firm from tl - i proprie- tary goods of th,- X. W. D. .\.. an-l fr- ii.- N A, K. D. con- taining a list (-1 iliusr who -l--ih iili th.e plaimil'f either as buyers or s. 11- is, li is all- -1 tl..ii tl.is list was prepared aid tlie d. frn-l ants in their efforts to keep the plaintiff from beiii'j; siippli- d w ith goods. .\lt- I main n onths of litigation the Supreme Court of the T'nit-il St, It-- in 1911 decided in tire case of the Dr. Miles M--li, ,1 ( \. the John D. Park S: Sons Co. that the direct s-iiil n n-il lina plan of marketing proprietan.- medicines ill, ■.; il I- I 111 'restraint of trade," while for similar reason! the pi i---li!';:^ , 1 i, li I ilminated in tlie "Indianapolis decision' wcK l -miii It - : 1 iilier date. In that decision the Federi Court clis^-iKi .l tin I -Miibination and warned against any con- tinuance of the alleged conspiracy. School Superintendent Condon, of Cincinnati. Ohio, has announced that a co-operative course for druggists' apprenticia woul be inaugurated in the Woodward High School, that city bi-- ginning in September. The course is designed to supply de- ficiencies in preliminary educational qualifications, and ther-> by supplement college of pharmacy instruction, .\rraiigement have been made with Cincinnati druggists which will p«r mit students to spend two weeks in the class room and tv( weeks each month at practical work in a drug store. July, 1915] TITE PirAR^AIACEUTICAL £R\ 311 CAMERAS AND PHOTO SUPPLIES "My Best Paying Side Line," Says Druggist Display of cameras and photo supplies by Graham & McCloskey of Elizabeth, N. J., and the Ansco camera girl. i^rpHE best paying side-line a drug store can handle," I is the way Ernest Reinley, manager of the photo- graphic department in the Gjaham and McCloskey drug store in Elizabeth, X. J., characterizes cameras and photo- graphic supplies. Although conditions may vary in different cities and towns. Mr. Remley sets forth his idea as a general rule and he is m a way well qualified to speak on the sub- ject, since he has for several years been connected with the Graham and McCloskey store and is well versed in photo- graphic matters. The Graham and McCloskey store in Elizabeth is today conducting an extensive photo supply business, one of the largest in that city. The department is an important one in the store and the show windows are seldom without a photo- graphic display even during the "off seasons." The store has been conducting the department for three years and, in that time, it has become the general custom of drug stores in all parts of Elizabeth to handle photo supplies more or less ex- tensively. When the Graham and McCloskey department was established it was only on a small scale. A few cameras were placed in stock with a small amount of films and other supplies and in a short time, under the managership of Mr. Remley, the department was flourishing. Since that time when it was more or less of an innovation, it has grown more than 300 percent. According to Mr. Remley the profit in a photo supply de- partment is in the developing and printing work which ac- companies it. "Of course," Mr. Remley explained, "we get a good profit on the cameras we sell but the attraction in the department is in the amount of developing and printing which you can obtain. Some druggists, recognizing this, even go so far as to develop all fihns free of charge, charging only for printing. Not only is the developing and printing a source of revenue in the department but it is also a criterion by which the entire department is known. "To build up the department, you must give good service in developing and printing. If a customer knows of your store as the place to get the best developing and printing, the natural result is that when that customer needs a new camera or extra supplies, you will get the business. So the im- portance of giving good .service in the photographic depart- ment ( in not ovcrcstiinatid. .\s f:ir ;is tlif jirnfits are com .-in.. I. in :i w.-ll palroni/..-.! d -j. nti-i. ni. if I s. -cured my CUsto;:-;. . L . , 1. ipin- :in.l i.rinlin-j I. --.MiiMV-ly, I should not can: almut iiiakin<; anytliing on tli<- .su|iiili(-s." Concerning the kind of cameras to put in stock, what line of goods to sell, which is a consideration to which all be- ginners in the field must give careful thought, Mr. Remley says: "It does not make a great deal of difference whether you sell Seneca, An.sco or Kasiman cameras. It is a mistake to think that you n - 'I itnan goods. I find in this de- partment that on I U .sell better than do the East- man. In fact, ti of our Eastman line is its advertising. The main thing is that which I pointed out before, the service you give. "Xow, we always give our cameras on thirty days trial before a sale. We have a double purpose in that. Not only do we give the customer the best kind of opportunity to see 312 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [July, 1915 the kind of goods we sell before he pays for them but we also, and here is where our profit comes in on the deal, we also sell the customer photo supplies for that thirty days and since he is using the camera on trial you may be sure he uses lots of films So we sell him the films and develop and print his pictures and even if we get the camera back, which is seldom the case, we make a profit on the transaction. "I have said that the photographic department is the best paying sideline and I would rather have it than a cigar stand. For this reason: In the photo department you have absolutely no loss, if you conduct it properly. That is an immensely strong attraction. The only chance of a loss is in films which are dated and not good after a certain time, but even that can be avoided by careful watching of stock. Even in case of such loss, the entire cost of the supplies is not lost, and one third is allowed on expired films which are returned. "In this regard, it is of the utmost importance that over- stocking be avoided. Overstocking will cause loss in both films and cameras because cameras like automobiles are of a different' model almost every year and you must keep up to the times. You cannot sell a last year's model at the same price as you are selling an up-to-date model. "It is of the greatest importance, in establishing a depart- ment, to place at its head, a man of experience in that line of goods. People who come in to buy cameras are not going to purchase from someone who knows nothing of what he is selling. "Window displays are of great importance. For the pre- sent the feature of our window is photography and I think it is advisable to have a striking display always in view. The most desirable display, I think, is the 'silent demonstra- tion,' that is something which shows to the passer-by just how the camera works, or how the film is made, or how the picture is imprinted on the film. Window displays too, should always include in them good examples of the finished pro- duct — pictures taken with cameras shown in the window and negatives are also desirable." My Experience With A Camera Department By IRA WHITE Retail Druggist, South Bend, Ind. Successful camera display at White's Drug Store, South Bend, Ind. FOR several years I had under consideration the addi- tion of a camera department. My store being in a sub- urban locality I have calls for many things that are not strictly in the drug line and as I have always made it a point to stock any article that my trade seems to want and I can see a fair profit in handling I felt very confident the addition of cameras and supplies would be profitable. I had been having an occasional call for camera supplies bc- for I added them to my stock. About a year ago I took up the matter with several manufacturers with the intent of stork- ing same, but feund none of the large concerns were inclinrd to start me with as small a line as I felt warranted in adilinL; to my already quite varied stock. Finally I got in touch with a jobber of a good line of cameras and their salesman, instead of trying to push a stock onto me more than I would be able to dispose of in several years, cautioned me against buying too large until I had tried out the business and learned exactly what my probable customers would buy and what I could stock to good advantage. When I tell you my first order was for only about $18 worth consisting of films, papers, developers and a couple of cheap box cameras you may know that I started in a very small way to build this department. My sales last year although not to be compared with some large dealers were very satisfactorj', so much so that this year I am pushing the business all I can, buying larger quantities and adding more exp(.ii>i\ c cameras, I have made arrange- ments with a photograi>hi I to do niy developing and printing witli a MTV fair commission to me and consider such an ar- iMiiU' iii^ nt I'lcfi raMc to doing my own work in that line. He (.ills I vi iy (lav for work we have had left with us and brings to Us \\hativcr \vc have turned over to him tlie previous day. Ill iliis way we are able to give our customers a definite promise IS to when their work will be completed and we never disap- point them, and we are never under the necessity of making the excuse we did not have time to get their work out. Advice is cheap, generally too cheap to be of much good, but judging from my own experience I would certainly advise every drug- gist to stock cameras and supplies. Start as I did — small — and learn what your trade wants, but by all means do not let any concern "stick" you witli two or three hundred dollars' worth at tlic first jump as you will find you will have a lot of stock that will be shelf warmers if you do. News AND Trade Section Mostly Personal NEW YORK'S NEW FOOD INSPECTOR Dr. Lucius P. Brown, who gained prominence throughout the countrj- for his thorough work as State Food and Drug Commissioner of Tennessee, and who has held that office since 1908, was recently appointed director of tlie Bureau of Food Inspection in the New York City Department of Health, as the result of a civil service examination, in which he passed with a higher rating than any of a number of competitors. He has not yet signified his acceptance of the appointment. Dr. Brown was bom in Maury county, Tenn., in 1867, and received his education at the University of Virginia. He was a farmer for three years, and then was a member of the firm of Memminger & Brown, and later Lucius P. Brown & Co., analytical chemists. He later organized the Brown labora- tories, which were incorporated in 1908. In addition to his official experience as State Pure Food and Drug Inspector, he was chemist of the Tennessee Agricultural E.xperiment Sta- tion for two years. Dr. Brown is also a director of two large manufacturing corporations. He is a member of several pro- fessional organizations, among them being the American Chem- ical Society, Engineering Association of the South, American Pharmaceutical Association, A. A. S., and the American Dairy, Food and Drugs Official Association, of which he was for- merly president. Dr. Brown's home is at Franklin, Term., but his acquaintance is not limited to the State. His friends await with interest his decision. A BANNER YEAR FOR PACIFIC COAST After a careful sounding of sentiment throughout the East- em States, R. E. Miller, president of the Owl Drug Com- pany, of San Francisco, who has just returned to his home city from a visit to Xew York, Boston and Chicago, pre- dicts an enormous influx of visitors to the Panama-Pacific Ex- position during the summer months. In his travels Mr. Miller claims to have noted an upward trend of conditions making for prosperity, especially on the Pacific Coast. He says: "There is no question that business conditions in the United • States are not normal, but I am not one of those who believe that business is bad. The American people are in the habit , of saying that business is bad merely because it does not boom. The bank clearings of the principal cities, with one or two exceptions, indicate that financial conditions are normal or I better — a very encouraging sign. "Business on the Pacific Coast is much better than on the I Atlantic Coast. It seems to me that, with the good rainy season, prospects for a big crop, and with thousands of visi- tors to come here during the exposition period, 1915 should be the banner year all over the Pacific Coast States." PERSONALITIES , — Hugh Livingston, pioneer druggist and business man of Hopkinton, Iowa, has retired from the drug business after a ^ period of more than forty years' continual service. He entered ' pharmacy in 1874, purchasing a half interest in the drug store of John Guthrie in Hopkinton, becoming full proprietor in 1880, and at the same time purchasing a new building in the business center of the city, where he established his ! store. In 1887 he graduated as a physician from Rush ; Medical College, Chicago, but still continued to operate the store he has just sold to William Dopp, of Lamont. Dr. I Livingston expects to continue his practice as a physician. I — Mayor Linn E. Jones, a druggist of Oregon City, Ore., j'^ says he has been "stung" by his own ordinance, but that he iwill take his medicine. As soon as the mayor's ordinance making it unlawful for drug stores to handle liquor in any way went into effect, the local druggists tried to unload their stock on the wholesalers, and he shipped a barrel of port wine back to a wholesale house in Portland. That company refused to accept the liquor and it was returned to Oregon City. As tlie law forbids even giving it away. Mayor Jones says that it will probably be poured into the river. —Dr. Herman Kutnow, of Karlsbad, Germany, and Lon- don, England, was a recent guest and speaker at the meet- ing of the Optimist Club, Syracuse, N. Y. He is a manu- facturer of pharmaceutical supplies and expects to make his home in this country. At the outbreak of the hostilities he decided that America was his sole refuge, as in the English metropolis he was regarded as a German, and in the German resort he was looked upon as an Englishman. — C. F. Sims, formerly of Syracuse, N. Y., has been ap- pointed manager of the Virginia-Carolina Chemical Company, with headquarters at Cincinnati. When living in Syracuse, Mr. Sims traveled for the American Agricultural Chemical Com- pany of New York, and moved from Syracuse to New York to assume the position of sales manager. He has many friends in Syracuse and vicinity. — Fred Glass, president of the Fred Glass Drug Co., Petoskey, Mich., one of the best known druggists of Northern Michigan, according to tlie Grand Rapids Herald, has resigned because he has been unable to work harmoniously with the other stockholders and officers. — George Travathan, of Paris, Tenn., has been appointed by Governor Rye, of that State, as a member of the Ten- nessee Board of Pharmacy to succeed O. J. Jones, a promi- nent druggist of Jackson, who recently resigned. Mr. Trava- than has been in the drug business at Paris for thirty years. — LotJiS H. M. White, of Dorchester, is the new manager of Liggett's Hall & Lyon store in Salem, Mass. He was edu- cated in the University of Maine and the Massachusetts Col- lege of Pharmacy, and has been identified with the Liggett stores for a number of years. — David R. Holmes, assistant manager of the Sydney, Aus- tralia, branch of Parke, Davis & Co., was recently called to Detroit on account of the serious illness of his father. He expects to remain for about three months. His wife ac- companied him. — Dr. Charles Caspari, Jr., food and drug commissioner of Maryland and dean of the department of pharmacy. Uni- versity of Maryland, entertained the members of the Rotary Club at the Hotel Rennert, Baltimore. — Samuel J. Cogswell, druggist, of Norwich, N. Y., was married recently to Miss Mae Goff, of Syracuse. The newly married couple left for an extended honeymoon trip. — William J. Burke, a former druggist of Lawrence, Mass., was married recently to Miss Florence B. Mason, of Lynn, Mass. PAYING THE WAR REVENUE TAX A news despatch from Grand Rapids, Mich., dated June 10, made this statement : "The Michigan State Pharmaceutical association, in annual convention here, to-day declared the federal war tax to be un- fair, in that it places a burden on one class of merchants and because of it has been shifted by the manufacturer and jobber to the retailer, who finds it impossible to shift it to the public." This despatch has caused the following comment by John D. Bellaire, of Bay City, Mich.: The writer wishes to call your attention to the enclosed clipping (quoted above). A majority of the reputable manufacturers are paying the stamp tax, but, so far as I know, James C. Crane, with his usual foresight, is the only manufacturer who notified the trade that he would supply stamps for all of his products in customers' stocks, no matter when it was purchased. If dealers did not take advantage of his liberality, it was their own fault In conclusion, I will say that I have the June issue of the ERA before me, and it just smacks of good things. Cordially yours, JOHN D. BELLAIRE. Bay City, Mich., June 11. 314 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [July, 1915 Obituaries Albert Plaut AI.BERT PLAUT The drug trade lost one of its most conspicuous figures through the death, on June 17, of Albert Plaut, former presi- dent of the National Wholesale Druggists' Association, and president of the wholesale drug firm of Lehn & Fink of New York City. Mr. Plaut was 58 years old. He died at the Ritz- Carlton hotel in New York City after a short illness due to a complication of diseases thought to have been superinduced by hard work. Mr. Plaut had only recently been honored by elec- tion to the vice-presidency of the Merchants' Association of New York City. Mr. Plaut was born in Esch- wege, Germany, in 1857. He came to the United States with his parents when 11 years old. He received a public school edu- cation and then entered the Col- lege of the City of New York, from which he departed at the end of his freshman year to be- gin his business career. Later he attended the New York Col- lege of Pharmacy for a year. In 1872 he entered the employ of his father, Isaac Plaut, who was in the drug business. He served five years with his father, then entering the employ of Lehn & Fink, which was at that time a young concern in the drug trade. He first served as stock clerk and was promoted from that work to the business office. At the end of nine years he was admitted to partnership, following the retirement of Mr. Lehn. Twelve years later Joseph Plaut, a brother, who had been credit manager, succeeded Mr. Fink, the remaining original partner. Under the direction of Mr. Plaut the business of Lehn & Fink expanded rapidly, and he was within a short time recog- nized as one of the most successful men in the wholesale drug trade. In 1910 the business was incorporated for $600,000 with the following officers: President, Albert Pjaut; vice presi- dent, Joseph Plaut; secretary, William J. Gesell. The present building at 120 William street was occupied in 1901. In 1906 the firm built a general laboratory and perfumery and pharma- ceutical plant and drug mill in Brooklyn. Mr. Plaut was one of the founders of the Metropolitaan Drug Club of New York City, was prominent in the Druggists' Supply Corporation and was an active member of- the New York Drug and Chemical Club. He also figured prominently in the work of the Drug Trade Section of the New York Board of Trade and Transportation, of which he was chairman in 1903, and ^ director of the general board for fifteen years. The widd variety of Mr. Plant's activities may be noted from the follo\\ inE; : He was first vice-president of the Merchants' Assoriiti.in of Xrw ^'nik: for 1" >v;irs lu' \v:is trustee of the New \ oil- ( rill. Lv .if rii:ii iiLM .111(1 ill I' M iit years was vice- presi.„ 1. IN ..f ( laanual In-I.lstn aU,, ili.- N.nv ^'oik ClianiWrr of ( oniiii, i. c 11, ■ n\ as a .iioil.ir ill two fire in.surance c,,in|iin\ banks Ii Prir of the U Ger- who is associated with Lehn & Fink, and Mrs. M. Miss Constance Plaut. The funeral services were held from the Society for Ethical Culture Hall, and interment took place in the cemetery of the society at Point Pleasant, N. Y. The following were honoran," pall-bearers: I. Frank Stone, Thomas F. Main, Dr. William Jay Schieffelin, William C. Breed, Berthold Levi, Francis E. Holliday, Prof. Frederick William Whittaker, Milton Fink, F. L. Lavenburg, and Franklin Black. Mr. Plaut left an estate valued at at least $700,000, gave $50,000 to employes and $70,000 to charities by his will, which was filed recently. His two daughters and son inherit the bulk of the estate. Mrs. Amy P. Falk, daughter, wife of Alilton J. Falk, of EI- beron, N. J., receives the property at Xo. 28 East Seventy-si.xth street and its contents, one-fourth of the residuary estate out- right and the income from one-fourth for life, the principal n- be distributed by her will. ]Miss Constance Plaut. daughter, r.i Elberon, N. J., receives the home at Long Branch. X. J., and it^ contents, five hundred shares of the preferred stock of Lehn & Fink, one-fourth of the residue outright and the income from one-fourth for life, the principal to be distributed by her will. Edward Plaut, son, of Elberon, N. J., receives all of the common stock of Lehn & Fink owned by his father, as well as his interest in the properties at X'os. 118 and 120 Willian: street, and 79 John street. Milton J. Falk receives SIO.OOO. Each of twenty-six employes who have served twenty years or more with Lehn & Fink receives an equal interest in $25,000. Each of fifty-four employes in service of the firm for ten years or more receives an equal interest in S25,000. The College of Pharmacy of Columbia University receives $15,060. Possibly 30 other institutions receive sums ranging from $1,000 to $2,500. Five friends receive $5,000 each. WILLIAM H. WOOD William H. Wood, president of the Maine Pharmaceutical Association, and one of the best known pharmacists in that State, died at his home in Sanford recently, after an illness of several months. He was born in Windham, Me., in 1872, where he attended the public schools, graduating from tl, : Gorham High School. He entered the drug store of B. 1. Stanwood, of Portland, and later took a position in the stor of Cook, Everett & Pennell. In 1895 he went to Spring- vale, where he bought the drug store of B, ^M. Moulton. whici-. was burned out in the big fire of 1905. He soon start-c another store, which he subsequently sold to L. B. Traf- ton, and then went to Boston as a clerk, and as proprietor of a drug store at Beverly. Returning to Sanford he bough: of Charles A. Trafton, the drug store he was operating :.: the time of his death. Mr. Wood graduated from the Buffalo College of Phar- macy in 1899. He was a Republican for many years an-, was town clerk of Sanford for a number of years. He lat, : joined the Progressive party and took an active interest : the Roosevelt campaign. He was prominently identified wiii the Unitarian denomination ; was president of the Board Trade, and at the time of his death was serving as pros: dent of the Elaine Ph. A., and as treasurer and secretav; of th,- U,x:ill ( lull of M,iir,,a He was a Mason of hi-: degree, and li,-li liis frienrU or relatives supposed that he was in a critical condition. He was well known among the pharmacists of Providence. — Br.\dley p. Worthem, proprietor of the Spencer Drug Company, Spencer, X''. C, died at his home in that town on June 8, aged 61. He was bom in Windsor, Vt., and li i Ivgislitive bodies would 1m: brought to comply with th-: i-i-,, .,;.; , f the r.ade. Mr. Smith e.xpres.sed the desire that the college library and alumni rooms be kept open one evening a week. He read the list of deceased members, which was longer this year than for some time. It contained the following names: C. R. Avery, V. E. T;licher. John Braunreuther, Theo. Diehl, John Miller, F. O. Sehroeder, L. D. Sheets, E. 1". Wagner, E. J. Woelfe, and 1'rofes.sor T. F. Rayninw. Secretary .\. F. Il^ j. ni n i-ii.^ii^ 'l :i totil membership in the society of 418. I'it'lit IjhipIi-I .Nil us in <]ur~, had been collect- ed, 10 meetinf-'s h<:\ jip . i i i| the habitue from obtainiuL; fresh sup- plies demonstial d tli at these measures were workable, and this in turn was a criterion that further narcotic legislation would be unnecessary. 316 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [July, 1915 New Preparations and Specialties "Nujol," American Medicinal Oil In response to requests which have been particularly numer- ous since the outbreak of the war and the consequent shutting off of importations of Russian oil, the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey has undertaken the manufacture of a mineral oil suitable for use in the treatment of constipation. This new product has been named "Nujol" and is a pure white mineral oil. It is practically tasteless and odorless, and is somewhat heavier than the oils now on the market, conforming accurately to the requirements of the mineral oil treatment as recommend- ed by Sir William Arbuthnot Lane. The New Jersey company has also issued an attractive booklet called "The Rational Treatment of Constipation." Germicidal Soap and Ether Parke, Davis & Co. have inaugurated an aggressive adver- tising and detailing campaign among physicians in the interest of their germicidal soap and ether. Germicidal soap, P. D. & Co. has a considerable variety of uses. As an antiseptic and disinfectant it is a valuable agent in obstetrics and gynecology, in surgery, and in general prac- tice. Physicians recommend it in the home for cleansing minor wounds where there is danger of infection, as a deodorant in offensive perspiration, for cleansing the scalp and checking dandruff, for treating boils and acne, for vaginal douches, and for ridding household pets of lice and fleas. In medical advertisements Parke, Davis & Co. are calling attention to the improvement in their ether container with drop- per-tube attachment. This improvement consists of the addi- tion of a corked opening. The physician can continue to use the bent dropper-tube, which when cut permits the entry of air in one section and the ether to flow from the other, or he can use the corked opening. The new container appears to meet every possible demand. Worwicli Dental Cream The Norwich Pharmacal Co., Norwich, N. Y., has recently begun the manufacture of Norwich dental cream, which is ex- ploited as "the dentifrice that's different." It is claimed for this dentifrice that it will clean the teeth without injuring them. One of its ingredients is emetine, which has been given wide publicity as a valuable agent in the treatment of pyorrhea. The manufacture of this cream was started a few months ago, but the initial output was not sufficient to take care of the original orders, hence the announcement of it to the trade is just beiiig made. This cream is subject to the same laboratory tests as other Norwich pharmaceuticals. The manufacturers make the claim that druggists may sell this dentifrice to their patrons with a confidence that "it is made right, stays right and works right." Japanese Water Colors Many of the photo supply stores throughout the country have been very successful in the sale of Japanese water colors, manu- factured by the Japanese Water-Color Co., Rochester, N. Y., hence this company is now introducing it to the drug trade, or that portion thereof which handles cameras and photographic supi)lies. Japanese water colors come in packages which can be retailed at prices easily within the reach of the amateur. They are not difficult to apply, the directions with each pack- age making it possible for the inexpert amateur to get good results in the coloring of snapshot pictures. The Japanese Water-Color Co. has an attractive introductory offer to make to retail druggists. New York headquarters is at 56 East 23rd street. "Photography in Five Lessons" Burroughs Wellcome & Co. have i.ssued a new booklet called "Photography in Five Lessons," which takes up exposure, developing, printing, toning, and finishing and improving. It is intended for the beginner, and professes to aim at brevity and simplicity. The most commendable part of the book is that section under the head of "exposure," which advises the novice as to choosing his first subjects. Most learners see possibilities for prints only in persons or moving objects. "Photography in Five Lessons' suggests "a church, a cottage, or even a meadow gate, if a few trees are included." How much more artistic beginners' pictures would be if scenes were substituted for "snaps" of friends. This booklet does not fear to devote attention to things which should be obvious but which are sometimes overlooked by new entrants into amateur photography. For instance, the reader is told that the light reflected by the subject depends on size, position, and color. It is safe to say that many picture- makers of several months experience do not know that blue may come out in the print as quite a pale shade. These com- ments are the chief value of the booklet to the novice. Any readers who may be interested can obtain a copy free by addressing Burroughs Wellcome & Co., 18-20 East Forty-first street. New York, N. Y. Zeno Premiums for Druggists To make the customer come back, and to accomplish this at a minimum cost, is one of the purposes of the premium. This is a point which the advertising druggist will appreciate. Ser- vice and quality exercise a tremendous pull upon the one-time customer, but it often takes something more than satisfaction to make him or her, especially her, go out of the way to buy a second time. The Zeno System of Premium Advertising pro- vides for premiums for druggists. Its working plan includes the installation in the druggist's store of a premium depart- ment with premiums on display, owned by him and given in exchange at his store for coui)ons and certificates issued by him in his own name. The Zeno Novelty Co., Indianapolis, is the name of the com- pany promulgating the Zeno system of premium advertising, and a feature of this system is that the druggist is not obliged to overstock with premiums, being allowed to buy in as small quantities as he needs at prices which will permit him to com- pete with the trust on its own ground. He is also supplied without additional charge, with catalogues, coupons, certificates and attractive advertising matter printed especially for him. Rochester Root Beer The J. Hungerford Smith Co., Rochester, N. Y., is calling the attention of the drug trade to the opportunities for the sale of root beer at soda fountains during the summer months. Big glass steins are furnished to retailers who sell Rochester root beer. When drawn according to a special formula recommended by the J. Hungerford Smith Co. this root beer has become popular at soda fountains. Berlin Laboratory's New Location Owing to a largely increased business during the last few months, the Berlin Laboratory, Ltd. of New York City has found it necessary to increase its quarters and has moved to 373 Fourth avenue. 4,000 Employes at Parke. Davis & Co.'s Outing Four thousand .employes participated in the twenty-fifth an- nual outing given recently by Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit, Mich., the scene of tliis year's affair being Tashmoo Park. The trip was made aboard the beautiful lake steamers Tashmoo and The Greyhound, which were chartered for the occasion. A particularly enjoyable feature was the chorus of several hundred picked voices from the Canadian and Detroit laboratories, who sang homeland and popular airs throughout the trip. The fiist excursion was made in 1891 to Walpole Island. Sunday Closing in Terrell, Texas The druggists of Terrell, Te.xas have signed an agreement to close their respective places of business at 1 p. m. each Sunday and to remain closed the remainder of the day throughout the Summer. Each store will keep a prescriptionist on duty where he may be reached by telephone in cases of emergency to fur- nish medical supplies, and the druggists have asked the public to kindly govern tliemselves accordingly. In the issue of Tht. Pharm.^ceitical Era for June, 1915, the location of The Norwich Pharmacal Company was inad- vertently printed as Norwich Conn., instead of Norwich, N. Y., as is really the case. Jlxy, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 317 June a Busy Month For Drug Associations N. J. PH. A. HAS SURPLUS OF ?2,000 Commercialization of Pharmacy the Dominant Note of Members at the Spring Lake Meeting That tlie druggist of today must be a good mricliant as well as a good pharmacist and that he must \\ \kr tn the business side of his profession or be i ; ii- classed by the chain store and the deparinu i i >i n . w i> the sentiment expressed by many of the speakers at the forty- fifth annual convention of the New Jersey Pharmaceutical Association held at Spring Lake, N. J., June 15-18, 1915. The druggists have become alive to the fact that their pro- fession has been commercialized and it was the general opinion Four of the 44 founders of the N. J. Ph. A. in 1870 who took an active part in the meeting of 1915. Left to right: George H. White, Jersey City; George W. P ari- sen, Perth Aniboy; Edward A. Sayre, Newark; Jacob Betzler, Morristown. of the members of the association that this was for the good of the business. It is only recently, however, that the develop- ment of the chain store, more severe competition and a stronger tendency on the part of the department stores to cut prices has caused the druggist to realize more forcibly than ever before the necessity of giving a great deal of atten- tion to business details. President Gallagher sounded the business keynote of the convention in his opening address on Wednesday morning, when he reviewed the condition of the association and ils development during the last year. One year ago the financial affairs of the association were in a chaotic condition, but at present the association has not only made up the defi- ciencies which existed, but has a surplus of $2,000 on hand. The convention, which voted to endorse the principles of the Harrison act and to support the Stevens bill, failed to take any action on the matter of chain-store monopoly. A committee from the retail tobacco dealers, consisting of J. Baum, .\dolph Hirtenstein and A. Samuels presented the arguments of the retail tobacco dealers, who are fighting the Riker-United combination, but the association declined to take any action beyond referring the matter to a committee. Dr. Otto H. Kleiman, of Newark, in a paper entitled, "Looking Forward in Pharmacy," said that the future in- fluences in the business would be the development of the chain store, adverse legislation, and a keener competition due to increased efficiency of business methods in pharmacy. Dr. Kleiman pointed out that the steady increase in the development of pharmacy was due to the independent phar- macist and not the chain-store owners, who merely tried to commercialize the business. The personal touch so necessary to any biisiness dependent on close contact with the public is lacking in the big store and is the chief weapon the retailer has against the chain store. George M. Beringer, of Camden, in presenting the report of the legislative committee, described the defeat of Senate Bill No. 31, providing for the taxing of all sellers of patent medicines and domestic remedies, as due to the opposition stirred up among the retail grocers of tlie State by the large wholesale houses. The association voted to indorse the efforts 1)1 llic I oiiiinittee and to present the bill in as near as possible t'l ill' >.Lme form at the next session of the legislature. t lull It s J. McCloskey, of Jersey City, who at the last meet- ing of tlie convention was elected president for the ensuing year, read a paper on "Credit" at the morning meeting on Thursday, in which he presented forcibly the importance of the druggist building up his credit with his bank. In an important paper on "The Pharmacist and the National Bureau of Health," Jeannot Hostmann, of Hoboken, pointed out the importance of having a skilled pharmacist on this board should it be formed. In a paper entitled "Prescription Window Displays," F. B. Kilmer, of New Brunswick, decried the extensive use of sta- tionery, cameras and other commercial lines of goods as window displays and urged the greater use of mortars, pestles and other implements used in the prescription department. Other interesting papers presented were: "Wine, Beef and Iron," by George M. Beringer; "Cordial Relations Between Doctors and Druggists," by Frank J. Maier, of Woodbury; "Infusion of Digitalis," by A. F. Marquier, of Newark; "Ger- man Conditions in Pharmacy vs. American Conditions," by F. A. Bongartz, of Jersey City, and "The Cutter or Chain- Store Evil," by Luke C. Hines, of the Jersey City College of Pharmacy. Charles V. Duffey, collector of Internal Revenue for the Fifth District of New Jersey at Newark, addressed the convention on Thursday afternoon and explained the rulings on the Harrison act as it is interpreted by the customs officials. At the final meeting of the session the association adopted a new constitution and by-laws, and provided for the incor- poration of the association under the direction of a board of trustees of seven members. The most important change provided for by the new constitution was the reduction of the initiation fee from $3 to $1, and the increase in the annual dues from $1 to $2. An article was introduced providing for the supervision and depositing of the funds of the association. The following officers were elected: Charles J. McCloskey, Jersey City, president; Garrett Byrnes, Maplevvood, first vice president; D. H. Hills, Spring Lake, second vice president; F. C. Stutzlen, Elizabeth, secretary, and Edgar R. Sparks, Burlington, treasurer. The executive committee consists of J. G. Block, Jersey City; J. D. Case, Somerville; J. G. Keuper, Trenton, and H. W. Crooks, Newark. The legislative committee of last year was re-elected with the exception of the substitution of J. C. Gallagher, of Jer- sey City, for Isaac J. Keuper, of Trenton, resigned. The Travelling Mens Auxiliary of the New Jersey Phar- maceutical Association was on hand in full force. As usual, the entertainment furnished by them on the second evening of the session was the hit of the convention. At the business meeting of the convention, the travelling men elected these officers: President, G. W. Buckens, of Whitall, Tatum Company; first vice president, L. T. McLel- land, of Colgate & Co.; second vice president, Norman Davis, Buren, Ritchey & Co.; secretary, W. J. Caughey, Seabury & Johnson Company; treasurer, C. W. Haviland, Colgate & Co. The new executive committee consists of Dr. J. T. Munds, of Horlicks Malted Milk Company ; W. Millspaugh, of McKes- son & Robbins, and F. H. Erbacher, of Roeber & Kuebler Company. An interesting feature of the convention was the presence of four of the men who were among the original organizers of the New Jersey Pharmaceutical Association in 1870. These were Edward A. Sayre. of Newark; Jacob Betzler, of Morris- town; George W. Parisen, of Perth Amboy, and George H. White, of Jersey City. 318 y , THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [July, 1915- PROPOSES N. A. B. D. REORGANIZATION Iowa Ph. A. Adopts Resolution Outlining Plan to be Submitted at Minneapolis Convention A plan to reorganize the National Association of Retail Druggists was the big business before the Iowa State Phar- maceutical Association at its thirty-sixth annual convention, recently held at Clear Lake. This reorganization was out- lined in the following resolution, which was adopted : Resolved, By the Iowa Pharmaceutical Association in convention assembled, that, at the seventeenth annual convention of the National Association of Retail Druggists, to be held in Min- neapolis, Minnesota, August 30 to September 3, 1915, there be chosen by lYiajority vote of all the delegates present, by written and carefully recorded ballot, a constitutional commission of seven members, no one of whom shall be the occupant of any other elective or appointive office within the Association during the time of his service on such commission, and, be it also Resolved, That the executive committee, president and national secretary shall be members ex-officio, without vote, of the con- stitional commission, and further, be it Resolved, That the commission shall make a public report, either unanimous, or majority and minority reports, not later than May 1, 1916, said report or reports to be published in full in the N. A. R. D. Journal for consideration and discussion by the members in general and final action thereupon on Consti- tutional Convention, the same to be the regular convention of the National Association of Retail Druggists for the vear 1916, and, finally, be it Resolved, That points considered by the commission should include the following: The development of the organization into one of State units forming the whole. The election of a president at the annual convention, but his induction into office to be on January 1st, his term of service running with the calendar year, and it being imposed upon Inin that all appointive committeeships shall be settled before he is inducted into office, that he may have a full working year with a full staff. The reorganization of the executive division along lines cor- responding to the form covering the President and Cabinet of the United States: The chairman of the Executive Committee being assigned and appointed as chairman of the legislative, public rela- tions, public service (telephones, express and other agencies not postal), postal affairs, propaganda, etc., committees. Joseph Sutter, of Burlington, was elected president. The other officers are : First vice president, Milo John, Clinton ; second vice president, John Etzel, Clear Lake; treasurer, J. M. Lindly, Winfield; secretary, Al Falkenhainer, Algona ; mem- ber executive committee for three years, A. C. PhilUps, Man- chester. President A. J. Killmer, of Mason City, in his annua! report, asserted that a great many manufacturers whose arti- cles are taxed are not only paying the tax, but also pay the tax on their goods in the hands of the retailers and jobbers. "To these manufacturers tlie members owe their united thanks, and should reciprocate by giving their goods the preference at all times, and thus show their appreciation." President Killmer advised co-operation with the X. A. R. D. As to the drug business of the near future, he was very hope- ful. Said he; "I believe we are beginning a new era. .\ great many changes are taking place. Side lines are being added, special sales featured, new ideas in merchandizing are introduced, and in the end the druggist will not cmly be a professional man, but a high class merchant as well." A. M. FISCHER HEADS TEXAS PH. A. E. G. Eberle, Six Years Secretary-Treasurer, Retires — Legislative Committee Commended. A. M. Fischer, of San .^ntonio, :ted president of the 1 its thirtv-sixth an- 16 and 17. The (IrnI, Mr^, 1 l; I ' ■ ... 1 ! ;b. m, . Toul Sllell, I ^.^i" I > 1 II X II. i W II ( ,m-ii,, 1 ' , las; home seti-Ln-,, J W JmI:,,,,,,,, \nMiM, ln,,il J. W. Covey, I. .11 \\..Ml , iiistoinn. Miss l.um Mii]M Marcos; trusk. s, R. II, W.ilker and i:. \:\,ci\r. D.ill.is, editor of the Journal of tlic American Pharmaceutical Association. Professor Eberle declined re-election as secretary-treasurer, in which capacity he had served the association for the past six years. Fort Worth was chosen as the meeting place for next year, and Galveston is considered as a permanent meeting place, a resolution to that effect having been submitted to be acted upon the next session, which will be held in May, 1916. The opening session was called to order by President Wal- ter D, Adams. Mr. .Adams, in the course of his remarks, said: "A bill was introduced in the legislature allowing all prac- ticing physicians to register as pharmacists without examina- tion. Piy prompt and active effort this measure was effectually killed in the committee room and never found its way back into the legislature, Xo physician is any more entitled to- a license to practice pharmacy without examination than a I'liarmacist is entitled to practice medicine without examina- tion. This coniniillee was ever on the alert and was of service in more \va\s liian is herein enumerated.'' A discussion o*" tiic Harrison law occurred during the sec- ond day's session. Hugh Craig, of the X. .\. R. D., Chi- cago, delivered an address, in which he recommended that the- law be supplemented by a State law dealing with the pos- session of prohibited narcotics by people without licenses. Lloyd G. Zinnecker, deputy revenue collector, and Dr. R. R. D. Cline, professor of pharmacy at the University of Texas, alsO' spoke along these lines and on other legislative matters. The following officers were elected by the Drug Travelers' Association; President, L. S. Calvin, Dallas; first vice presi- dent, George Reynolds, Dallas; second vice president, John A. Rippletoe, Dallas; third vice president, E. J. Hueston, San Antonio; secretary-treasurer, George K. Butcher. The Woman's .\uxiliary elected the following ; President, Mrs. G. T. Reynolds, Dallas; first vice president. Mrs. J. W. Cleveland, Houston ; second vice president, Mrs. Herman. Dreiss, San Antonio; secretary, Mrs. W. H, Wentland, Manor,, and treasurer, !Mrs. W. D. Adams, Forney. PLANS FOR A. PH. A. CONVENTION San Francisco Meeting in August "Will be Record Breaker, It is Expected. The following is the te leeting of the Americar 11 San Francisco, Angus tative program of the sixty-third annual Pharmaceutical Association to be held 9-14, 1915. Monday. August 2 9:30 a. 2:00 p. Nail. -I.. Americ:i Ladies' Tuesday, August 3 esday, August 4 lion a:id legislat Ileal pharmacy and dispensing (and formularies, and standards). A-- i-.ion of Boards of Pharmacy, t unierence of Pharmaceutical F.tculties. 12:,W p. 2:00 p. ,f:30 p. 7:30 p. Thursday, August 5 (Sessions of the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy. The .detailed program will be announce* later.) Friday, August 6 m.— First session of the American Conference at the Cali- fornia College of Pharmacy, ni.— Luncheon at the Golden Gate Park Casino, m. — Visit to the Park Museiun. m.— Second session of the Conference. —Visit to the Museum of Anthropology and Lecture. (The National Association of Boards of Pharmacy contemplates holding sessions on this day.) Saturday, August 7 ni.— Joint session of the Boards of Pharmacy, the Con- ference and the Section on Education and Legislation. ni.— The Conference may hold a third session. _ (The afternoon and evening may be devoted to a visit to the Exposition.) July, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 319 MASSACHUSETTS PH. A. DROPS 344 rirst Time in Years Association Does Not Meet at Swampscott — Financial Condition Excellent Although the firm action of the Board of Directors of the Massachusetts State Pharmaceutical Association in dropping 344 members for non-payment of dues has lowered somewhat its total membership, still the actual income of the organization is greater than ever before in its history, and its tliirty-fourth annual convention on June 22, 23 and 24, at Springfield, was one of the most enthusiastic and important ever held. This is the first time in more than a dozen years that the annual meeting has not been held at Swampscott, but the splendid turnout of members from tlie western part of the State fully justified the move, and it is likely to result in the meeting being held alternately by the sea and in the mountains. President Frank J. Campbell in his annual address called spe- cial attention to the work of the legislative committee, James F. Finneran, chairman, in securing changes in the State nar- cotic laws to bring them in conformity with the Harrison law and to its work in cormection witli "the sixth class license," to which much opposition has been aroused. President Campbell made the following recommendations: That tlie association re-affiliate with the N. A. R. D., that the association send no paid delegate to the A. Ph. A. conven- 'ion, that the association scholarship at Massachusetts C. P. be continued, that the membership in the State Board of Trade be continued, that the annual appropriation of $600 to the legisla- tive committee be authorized, that the Stevens bill be endorsed, that the association go on record as favoring legislation making the use of trading stamps, coupons, rebate checks, or the opera- tion of any sort of gift enterprises, illegal; that members neg- lecting to pay dues for three years be dropped from the rolls, and that two prizes of ten and five dollars respectively be of- fered for the two best papers submitted by any member at the annual convention, etc. Secretary James F. Guerin, of Worcester, reported that the association had lost seven members through death, one through resignation, and 344 had been dropped for non-payment of dues, making the total net membership 1,145. Treasurer James F. Finneran's report showed a total of balance from last year and receipts of $3,484.95; expenditures for this year, $1,889; balance on hand, $1,595.75, which, in spite of hea\'y legislative expenditures this year, is more than $200 above last year's bal- ance. Submitted in three sections, one devoted to State legislation, another to National legislation, and the third to narcotic laws both State and National, the reading of the legislative com- mittee's complete and interesting report was followed with keenest attention by more than 200 members. The narcotic laws were the center of a questionaire in which Professor Nixon and John N. O'Donoghue of the Internal Revenue department explained the Harrison law and the latest rulings of the Col- lector in the provisions of the same. In recognition of his long service and imflagging interest in the association's work John T. Harper, of Great Barrington, ■was unanimously elected president. The other officers elected are: First vice president, William Hardie, Fall River; second vice president, William C. B. Marriam, Springfield ; third vice presi- dent, Walter S. Doane, Worcester; secretary, James F, Guerin, Worcester; treasurer, James F. Finneran, Boston. The last two officers were re-elected by standing vote. The trustees of the permanent fund, which has reached a total of more than $2,000. Wm. F. Sawyer, Boston; James W. Cooper, Plymouth, and E. F. Mole, Adams, were re-elected. The three druggists the as- sociation will recommend to the Governor for appointment to the Board of Pharmacy are John F. Hayes. Fitchburg; George J. Carroll, Gardner, and Frederick A. Brandes, Webtser. Wm. M. Curtis, Boston, and Philip V. Erard, Springfield, will be presented to the Governor with the association's endorsement for a place on the State Board of Health. W. H. TIBBALS HEADS KENTUCKY PH. A. Members Endorse Stevens Bill and Arrange for Its Support Through District Sub-Committees W. H. Tibbals, of Somerset, was elected president of the ICentucky State Pharmaceutical Association, at its thirty-eighth annual meeting held at Dawson Springs, June 15, 16 and 17. Otliers elected are: Secretary, J. W. Gayle, Frankfort; treas- urer, Vernon Driskell, Carrollton; chairman executive com- mittee, Leon Evans, Mayfield. About 200 attended this convention. Resolutions were adopted re-endorsing the Stevens bill, and plans were outlined for the formation of sub-committees on legislation in each State congressional district in order that this or other legis- lative measures, either State or National, will be adequately supported. The following papers were read and discussed: "How to win and hold the friendship of the physician," R. Ross Wood, Pembroke; "Should a druggist refuse to boost or recommend patent nostrums," Addison Dimmitt, Louis- ville; "Is it possible for one with a limited education to be- come a successful druggist?" Simon N. Jones, Louisville; "How does the mail order house affect the retail druggist," J. C. Gilbert, Paducah; "How best to keep from conflicting with the Kentucky Experiment Station," R. J. Frick, Louis- ville; "Why should not U. S. P. and N. F. preparations made by the retailer be of better quality than formerly?" R. J. Frick; "Is the use of trading stamps beneficial to the retailer," Simon N. Jones; "How to figure profits for the retail druggist," Simon N. Jones; "Will druggists profit by local option?" Leon Evans, Mayfield; "The best way for a drug- gist to spend his vacation," R. J. Frick. STATE PH. A. KEEPS TRAVELER MEMBERS Nebraska Organization Divided as to Ousting Travel- ing Men — Those in Favor Lose on Vote An unsuccessful attempt to divorce the traveling men from their membership in the Nebraska State Pharmaceutical Asso- ciation was one of the features of the thirty-fourth annual con- vention of that organization, held at the Hotel Fontenelle, Oma- ha. Some of the pharmacist-members wished to provide an associate membership for the travelers, C. R. Sherman, of Omaha, leading those in favor of the change. William Weid- ener, of Lincoln, who has not missed a convention in the 34 years of his membership, spoke against the proposition. In his annual report. President Will Brookley, of Edgar, as- serted that the druggists of the State had been hit hard by the special war tax; that the Harrison law was a good measure, and that the Stevens bill should be approved by the convention. He urged a closer co-operation with the State Board of Exam- iners. J. Leyden White, of Washington, D. C, and F. W. Nitardy, of Denver, addressed the members. Dr. F. H. Millener gave a lecture and demonstration on the X-ray at the Union Pa- cific auditorium. The officers for the ensuing year are: President, K. L. Kreizinger, Fremont; first vice president, J. E. O'Brien, Omaha; second vice president, W. E. Clayton, Grand Island; third vice president, J. C. Peterson, Pierce; fourth vice presi- dent. Turner Haynes, Omaha; fifth vice president, John C. Hoff, Wisner; secretary, J. G. McBride, University Place; treasurer, D. D. Adams, Nehawka. A. V. Pease, Fairbury; J. E. O'Brien, Omaha, and R. A. Lyman, Lincoln, were designated as delegates to represent the association at the A. Ph. A. convention. Will Brookley, A. C. Adams and S. M. Torrance were nominated candidates for membership on the Stote Board of Examiners. F. H. Mil- lener, J. Leyden White and F. W. Nitardy were elected honorary life members. D. T. DOUGHERTY HEADS MAINE PH. A. D. T. Dougherty, of Bath, was elected president of the Maine State Pharmaceutical .Association, at its forty-eighth annual meeting held at Rangeley. Other officers elected are: Vice president, Frank W. Bucknam, Skowhegan; H. C. Bux- ton, Fort Fairfield, and F. H. Neal, Fairfield; secretary, M. L. Porter, Danforth, and treasurer, A. W. Meserve, Kennebunk. The association endorsed the Stevens bill. It also decided upon Augusta as the place of the next meeting. H. H. Haines, of Madison; E. L, Kenney, Auburn; J. H. Gregoire, Augusta; John F. Bennett, Portland; John Coughlin, Augusta, and George O. Tuttle, Portland, were chosen as the six candidates from whom Governor Curtis may select a State commissioner of pharmacy. 320 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [July, 1915 I. S. PH. A. DARES TO BE PROGRESSIVE Members Eliminate Old Formality in Program — To Meet in Springfield Five Times The Illinois State Phamaceutical Association held a very successful convention at Springfield, June IS, 16 and 17. In- stead of listening to many formal reports and papers, this convention was largely devoted to addresses upon pertinent subjects of general pharmaceutical interest, noteworthy among these being addresses by Dr. James H. Beal on "Standard- ization of Pharmacy Legislation"; U. S. Senator Lawrence Y. Sherman, who discussed pharmaceutical and medical legis- lation from the standpoint of the public ; Mr. O'Meara, on the psychology of salesmanship, and Thomas H. Potts, secretary of the N. A. R. D., on the Stevens bill and the Harrison law. Another radical change was made when the association de- cided to accept the invitation of the Sangamon County R. D. A. and select Springfield as the meeting place for the next five years, with the understanding that by so doing a new plan is to be worked out which will provide for the development of pharmaceutical exhibits and the more thorough canvassing of the State to bring into the association all active pharmacists. $600. President W. F. Baum, in his annual address, characterized cut rate druggists and mail order houses handling drugs, as unfair, and as "cheats," possessed of other undesirable char- acteristics. He spoke strongly in favor of the State anti- narcotic bill. Dr. Beal's address was followed closely and was vigorously applauded. He pointed out the sad results of over-legisla- tion by ill-informed and radical reformers and made a strong plea for well-balanced and thoughtful consideration of the whole subject of pharmaceutical legislation with a view to securing standard forms of food and laws so drawn as to protect the public from incompetence and greed, while at the same time not imposing undue hardships on the phar- macist. Secretary Day announced that Dr. Beal had stated that he would donate the sum of $100 to the Illinois Ph. A., the interest to be offered in the form of association memberships as prizes to the three young men making the best records in passing the State Board examinations. Resolutions were adopted effecting re-affiliation with the N. A. R. D., and making the usual appropriation of $25 therefor; also endorsing the Stevens bill. T. D. Gregg, C. A. Storer, L. P. Larsen, C. F. Schultz, H. C. Schuh were recommended for appointment to the Board of Pharmacy; E. A. Sell, F. H. Kroh and F. M. Mares for the Advisory Board. Resolutions of sympathy were ordered sent to R. N. Dodds, a charter member, who has been quite ill; a rising vote of thanks weis given the Sangamon County R. D. A. and the Illinois Pharmaceutical Travelers' Association for their share in the work of the convention. The following prize essays were presented under the auspices of the prize essay committee, of which C. F. Prison was chairman : "Should the ownership of drug stores be restricted to regis- tered pharmacists?" by W. S. Denton, first prize; "How to build up business by courtesy," G. E. Schwitzer, second prize, and "Business getting," T. D. Shaffer. The following officers were elected: President, Julius Riemenschneider, Chicago; first vice presi- dent, W. S. Denton, Beardtown ; second vice president, Byron Armstrong, Jacksonville; third vice president, Robert J. Phil- lips, Springfield; secretary, W. B. Day, Chicago; treasurer, Chris Garver, Bloomington. The 37th annual convention will be held in Springfield Jutic 6, 7 and 8. The Illinois Pharmaceutical Travelers' Association elected the following officers : President, W. B. Stout, Peoria; first vice president, R. D. Keim, Chicago; second vice president, George L. Leonard, ChiraRo; third vice president, Allan Stuart, Chicago; secre- tary and treasurer, R. A. Whidden, Chicago; executive council, Ed. Lahl, Chicago; chairman, M. L. Burhans, Elkhart, Ind,; A. W. Hobart, Racine, Wis.; John F. Hott, Monticello, 111., and Frank Hoey. LEGISLATION MUST BE FULLY ENDORSED Before Michigan Ph. A. Members Will Give It Their Support — C. H. Jongehan Elected President. Retail druggists of Michigan who met at Grand Rapids for the thirty-third annual convention of the Michigan State Phar- maceutical Association June 9, 10 and 11, placed themselves squarely on record as opposed to all legislation affecting the drug trade unless endorsed by the State organization, the Na- tional Association of Retail Druggists or the American Phar- maceutical Association. The use of trading stamps to stimulate trade, the apothecary system of rebating, and one-cent postage were opposed by he unanimous vote of the convention It was maintained that one- cent postage would be a move in the interest of the big mail order house. The Stevens bill, relative to standardizing of prices, was re-endorsed. The feature of the opening day of the convention was an address by Lee H. Bierce, of the Grand Rapids Association of Commerce, in which he urged co-operative trading among the retailers. He dwelt at length upon the benefits of the com- munity system. In their reports for the past year. President Grant Stevens, of Detroit; Secretary D. D. Alton and Treasurer E. C. Varnum told the convention the State body has never been in more flourishing condition than at the present; this in spite of the opposition of mail order houses, department stores and chain stores. At the Thursday sessions Secretary Thomas A. Potts, of the National Association, led the discussion of ruinous cutting of prices, the inroads made on the retail business by itinerant vendors and grocers who sell epsom salts, tinctures, etc., in original packages, the growing competition of the big mail order houses and the Stevens bill. Price cutting was declared to en- courage imitation and substitution at the expense of the public and the dealers, and co-operation with the National organiza- tions was urged to promote legislation hitting at these evils. In his report of tlie legislative committee J. H. Webster, of Detroit, asserted that itinerant vendors and general merchants are so well organized that laws cannot easily be passed in the interests of the small druggists. He urged the pushing of a membership campaign by the association and honest advertis- ing as well as the making and selling of stable goods at stable prices. Answering the question, "When Does Credit Granting Be- come a Banking Proposition?" which was the topic of his ad- dress, Lee M. Hutchins, of the Hazeltine & Perkins Drug Com- pany, wholesalers, of Grand Rapids, answered "when the bill is due." He argued that merchants lost large siuns in the ag- gregate by allowing bills to go overdue without charging in- terest. C. F. Mann, of Detroit, opposed the effort to organize a house of delegates in connection with the American Pharma- ceutical Association convention. In the afternoon session, Thursday, the druggists were urged by Edward Austin to go after parcel post patronage in com- petition with the mail order stores. W. H. Fox led an inter- esting general discussion. ".As good citizens" the members voted to do all possible to enforce the Harrison Federal drug law against the sale of narcotics. Elections, which were held Friday, resulted as follows: Presi- dent, C. H. Jongehan, Grand Rapids; first vice president, W. H. Fox, Coldwater; second vice president, Roy Collins, Friiik- fort; treasurer, John Steketee, Grand Rapids; secretary, 1"). D. Alton, Fremont; members executive committee for three years, Peter Velema, Grand Rapids, and John Webster. Detroit .Ml visiting delegates and members were guests Friday night at a IxiiKiuet at which Governor Woodbridge N. Ferris, of Mi' and treasurer, C. H. Searles, Pittsburgh ; directors for three years : Dr. W. C. Abbott, Chicago; G. C. Hall, Brooklyn, and G. S. Eilyson, Des Moines, la. Regret that there should be any friction between druggists and physicians was expressed by Mr Alaitbie at the associa- tion's annual banquet. He declared that such an unfriendly feeling does now exist to a considerable extent because of the practice of the physicians in dispensing their own medicines. "One matter to which I have given considerable thought and which I must confess has worried me not a little," said Mr. Maltbie, "is the unfriendly feeling that now exists between physicians and druggists. I was, as you might say, raised in a drug store, for I received my first drug store lesson before I reached the age of thirteen and I stuck to the retail busi- ness lor fifteen years. "In the country where the drug stores are few and far between, physicians are obliged to dispense whether they wish to do so or not, but in cities and towns where there is oppor- tunity for physicians and druggists to become more closely associated, this is, happily, being done in many places. You can coax where you cannot drive. Physicians are in prac- tice, first because they love their work and, second, to make an honest living for themselves, educate their children and lay in something for old age. Where one physician dispenses to a greater or less extent, another is apt to do so for business reasons ; the majority of people are comparatively poor and they naturally prefer to have their doctor dispense, if for no other reason than that they save money by it. But if the druggists and doctors will get together everywhere as they are getting together in many places, they can adjust their differences to a large extent and both profit thereby. "Let our physicians and drug friends drop into a conference and settle their differences instead of fighting each other. They need each other; they can be of material benefit to each other in many ways." Cheap Drugs Not Used The statement frequently made that physicians use cheap, which implies poor drugs, is unwarranted, so Mr. Maltbie believes. "My experience," he said, "is that physicians, as a rule, demand the best. The importance, frequently the very neces- sity that the drug the physician employs be absolutely true to formula, cannot be kept too firmly in mind. Especially in acute cases does this apply. Physicians give their patients certain drugs for specific purposes. If a drug be in the least inferior the expected result may not be obtained and a patient possibly lost. When a physician realizes, as they are now generally realizing, that a cut price may mean a poor quality, they will not take a chance on the cheap article. "Hence I say that statements that physicians employ poor, cheap drugs are, in the first place, improbable for obvious reasons, and, in the second place, untrue. "The manufacture of medicinal preparations is a serious business. We supply physicians direct or through the whole- sale or retail drug trade with materials or retail drug trade with materials with which to combat disease. It is not only up to us to see that our products are true to formula but to acquaint physicians with the common talk that they are using poor drugs and that while we know this talk to be unfounded they should discuss the matter, particularly m their associations, and combat it to the best of their ability." Mr. Maltbie also pointed out that the physicians and drug- ■gists ought to get together to fight the menace of the medicine peddler, particularly in the west. These people, who sell remedies for everything under the sun, he declared are a menace to the people, to the doctors, and to the druggists. The association put itself on record as favoring the use of the highest quality of drugs and of improvement of pro- cesses wherever possible. It also strongly favored the enforce- ment of the Harrison drug act to the letter of the law, and the reduction of the use of narcotics in medicinal preparations to the extent of not using any if possible. An interesting feature connected with the final meeting of the couNcntion was the presentation of a valuable gold watch to G. C. Hall, the retiring president, as a testimonial of the esteem of the members and their gratitude for his efforts in their behalf. N. C. S. PH. A. MEETS AT SEASHORE Members Divide on Question of Meeting Place, But Finally Agree — E. L. Tarkenton New President After a lively fight between the members of the North Caro- lina State Pharmaceutical Association who favored holding the annual meeting of that organization at the seashore and those favoring the mountains, the former contingent won out and Wrightsville beach was chosen. New officers are: President, E. L. Tarkington, Wilson; first vice president, E. G. Birdsong, Raleigh; second vice president, G. A. Matton, High Point; third vice president, S. E. Welfare, Winsto/i- Salem; secretary, J. G. Beard, Chapei Hill, re-elected; treasurer, G. E. Burwell, Charlotte; local secretary, D. A. Elvington, Wilmington. F. W. Hancock, of Oxford, secretary-treasurer, reported that the organization had experienced a substantial growth during the past year. The following papers were read and discussed during the convention: "Parcel Post and How I Have Made a Success of the Drug Business," C. A. Raysor, Asheville; "How Does the Laity Learn the Use of the Newer Synthetic Remedies and the Best Bethod of Getting the Physician to Prescribe N. F. Prep- arations," William M. Blauvelt; "Cultivation of Ginseng and Hydrastis," K. E. Bennett, Bryson City; "Kodak and Kodak Supplies and News Stands for Drug Stores," George Y. Wat- son, Southport; "Commercial Pharmacy," C. P. Greyer, Mor- gantown; "State Pharmacy Laws," W. W. Home, Fayctte- ville; '"Relation of the Physician and Pharmacist," Burness S. Warren, Greenville; "How to Stimulate a Sick Drug Business,"' E. L. Tarkington, Wilson ; "Is the Attendance at Most Pharma- ceutical Meetings Due to Lack of Interest or Lack of Time?" H. T. Hicks, Raleigh ; "The Retail Pharmacist and the "^rv el- ing Salesman," P. W. Vaughan, Durham; "Why Some Pharma- cists Don't Make More Money," Sam E. Welfare, Winston; "Deterioration of Pharmaceutical Preparations," John Hen- derson, Chapel Hill; "Advantage and Disadvantage of Buying in Large Quantities," C. C. Seawell, High Point; "The Con- flict between Professional and Commercial Pharmacy," J. G Beard, Chapel Hill. The association went on record as favoring the Stevens Bill and re-adopted last year's resolution that every member was to do his utmost to secure the passage of the measure by Con- gress. The James H. Beal Membership prize was award2d to A. L. Fishel of Chapel Hill for having attained the big) est general average at the recent examination of the Board jf Ph ir- macy. An automobile ride for the members to places of interest in the city and county, a barbecue and brunswick stew dinner and a baseball game were among the features on the program Df entertainment. The Traveling Men's auxiliary elected the following officers: President, J. B. O'Baumon, Charlottee; vice president, Lam- beth Kuhan, Charlottee; secretary-treasurer, H. P. Underwood, Goldsboro. Delaware Ph. A. Holds Annual Meeting The twenty-ninth annual convention of the Delaware State Pharmaceutical Association was held at the Hotel Du Pont, Wilmington. Officers elected are: Vice president for New Castle county, James T. Challenger, New Castle; vice president for Kent county, James W. Wise, Dover; vice president for Sussex county, H. P, Luff, Felton ; secretary. Miss Nora V. Brendell, Wilmington; treasurer, Oscar C. Draper; board of directors, John M. Harvey, Wil- mington; Erdmann Hoffman, Wilmington; George W. Rhoades, Newark; W. H. Chambers, Lewes; James T. Challenger, 322 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [July, 1915 EFFECT OF WAR ON DRUGS DISCUSSED Revolution in Trade Conditions is Predicted by- Speaker at Pennsylvania Ph. A. Convention Conditions in the drug and chemical market, due to the war in Europe figured largely in the discussion at the thirty-eighth annual meeting of the Pennsylvania Pharmaceutical Associa- tion at Forest Park Hotel, Pike County, Pa., June 22, 23 and 24. Such prominent representatives of pharmacy as Prof. Joseph P. Remington, chairman of the Committee of Revision of the United States Pharmacopoeia, and Sam'l. C. Henry, president of the National Association of Retail Druggists, pre- dicted a tremendous revolution in trade conditions, particular- ly in the matter of prices for foreign-made drugs and chemi- cals. Martin I. Wilbert of the United States Public Health Ser- vice declared that as a result of the war, the atmosphere will be cleared and the public greatly benefitted by legislation along the line of revised patent laws. Mr. Henry showed the need of a revision of these patent laws and the breaking up of foreign monopoly. Charles Rehfuss showed that the retail druggist was not reaping any benefit by the sale of these im- ported chemicals. President Edgar F. Heffner urged the use of American-made medicines and toilet articles and called on Pennsylvania pharmacists to push the sale. Stevens Bill Endorsed Following a recommendation by President Heffner, the as- sociation decided to inaugurate a state-wide publicity cam- paign through the public press by which the public can be informed on legislative and other issues in pharmacy that have to do also with the protection of the general health of the community. After a stirring address by J. Leyden White of Washington, the association endorsed the Stevens bill which failed to pass the last session of Congress. Something-for-nothing schemes, according to the report of the committee on trade interests, made by B. E. Pritchard of Pittsburgh, had been one of the banes of the drug business in Pennsylvania during the year and had contributed largely to the high cost of living as the consumer always paid the cost although he was not always aware of it. This report in the framing of which Harry B. French of Philadelphia and Robert P. Fischelis of New York assisted, also declared that American manufacturers as a result of the elimination of high prices and the scarcity of imported drugs, chemicals and drug store merchandise, were commencing to manufacture them in this country and that another feature was the discovery of other combinations of a medicinal character to take the place of those which, through high prices and scarcity, were out of reach of the majority. Statistics on Narcotics Statistics presented at this meeting showed that while the use of narcotic drugs by regular practitioners in a legitimate way was about the same since the Plarrison law became ef- fective, that the illegitimate use was largely reduced. Some medicines that had contained such ingredients had been with- drawn from sale, it was said, while in others, the quantity of such drugs in them had been greatly reduced. The association directed its incoming committee on legisla- tion to prepare an itinerant venders bill witli a view to stop- ping the indiscriminate manufacture and sale in Pennsylvania of so-called medicines. It will also seek to have experience in hospital dispensaries recognized in the pre-requisite regula- tions of the pharmacy law of the State and to have also the status of the hospital dispensary fixed by law. "To Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Peacock of Philadelphia was awarded the twenty dollar gold prize for the best paper presented at the 1914 meeting. J. Ixyden White was elected to honorary membership. The report of the secretary gave the membership as 1,200 with 222 new members admitted at the 1915 meeting. Reading was chosen as the place of holding the 1916 meeting with June 21, 22, 23 the dates. The following offirors were elected: President, Theodore Campl' '1 I ' il ' ' firert C.J dara, Henry W. Chapman, Robert E. Clifton, Samuel Cohen Michael J. Connolly, Marvin B. Davis, Curtiss C. Finnqf July, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 325 Henry Myron Fish, Harry Edward Frost, Zachariah M. Gen- tile, Herman Leroy Hardy, Lester E. Herman, Jewett Gilbert Holbrook, George Roy Holland, William Henry Hoschke, Fos- ter S. Hubbard, Johii Lester Hudson, Hugh Adelbert Judd, Leo Anthony Kane, Carl \V. Kiphuth, Joseph Horace La , Placa, John J. Mangano, Carl E. Miller, Earle !Milligan, Le- roy \V. Moore, Fred Martin Neninger, Gerald E. Parsons, Raymond Huie Pestell, Ivan M. Pleskow, Louis J. Polito, Leon' , V. Porter, Everett F. Reed, Harry M. Rubens, George A. Scio- p lino, Henry Wilson Shoemaker, Eugene Franklin Smith, Ralph De Witt Stowell, Bernard Edward Tracy, John H. Usiak, Louis John Urbanski, George W. \'adakin. Ward R. Warboys, Charles • A. Williamson, Norma L. Wohrle, Jolin Didwell Zoerb. The following received the degree of analytical chemist: James D. Beiih, Oscar Bulkley, Nelson F. Chapin, Kenneth S. Dixon, Carl W. Limburg, Ralph E. Parker, Roy George Pfotzer, Edniund P. Rochford, William A. Ryan, Arnold M. ' Taylor, Reginald V. Williams, Arthur Zeimann. ^ MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL COLLEGE The feature of the seventeenth annual commencement of the • department of pharmacy, held in conjunction with the other de- ; partments of the college, at the American Academy of Music, ^ Philadelphia, was the address to tlie graduates by Hon. Clin- ' ton Rogers Woodruff. The degrees were conferred by David Mihie, president of the board of trustees, on 179 graduates in • the four departments, the following receiving the degree of Ph. G.: ', Harry F. Angstadt, Maurice L. Augenblick, Jacob E. Baker, '.Harrison G. Ball. Isaac B. Bloomfield, Harry A. Cohen, Earle 1 M. Cole, Rudolph K. Dorfman, Herman M. Feuertsein, Jean •. L. Germann, Albert G. Gibboney, James P. Glover, Samuel S. .Goodman, Lewis S. Greenberg, Albert Greenlees, John M. Groff, Edward I. Halin, Edward J. Heine, Paul F. Houser, Edward Huber, Edmund G. Jackson, Benjamin I Jones, Mor- ris Kabacoff, Joseph F. Kennelly, Charles J. Koerber, Levy . Meshkov, James E. Moss, Basil J. F. Mott, Samuel B. Ostrum, Bernard Overbeok, Asterios Pappadopoulos, Thomas H. Peters, Chester J. Powell, Morgan C. Reed, Harry Russock, Howard E. Seid, Herbert A. Smith, George Smithgall, Martin Y. Smul- , van, Alfred B. Stellwagon, Michael Stoloff, Lester C. Thrash, ', Aaron Vemick, John R. Williams. The following received the degree of Ph. C; Herman L. 1 Grupe, Ph. G., John L. Hess, Ph. G., Herman W. Mathieu, B. S., John F. O'Brien, Ph. G., Henry L. Somers, Ph. G. The degree of doctor of pharmacy in course was conferred .upon Truman J. Wall, and the honorary degree of Phar. D. Pon Francis E. Stewart, M. D. ji IOWA UNIVERSITY . In conjunction with other departments the college of phar- . toacy of the State University of Iowa held its commencement • exercises on June 16, the address of the occasion being deliv- l^ered by Hon. John Barrett, director-general of the Pan-Ameri- ; can Union. The following is a list of the graduates: f E. R. Bergren, M. H. Anderson, M. Elsie Campbell, Mollie ,,M. Christiansen. L. T. Dyke, R. L. Fenlon, O. E. Ferguson, 'B. B. Hunter. P. K. Huston, Mandick Olsen, H. W. Pierce, '• R. F. Schneider, J. R. Prieto, A. B. Wagoner, G. J. Zopf, ..R. E. Neidig. The following prizes were awarded: Membership in the A. Ph. A., to E. R. Bergren, Essex, Iowa; membership in the Iowa Ph. A. to L. T. Dyke, Orange City; subscription to Journal ,of the A. Ph. A. to W. A. Konantz, Quincy, 111. '( MARYLAND UNIVERSITY i At the annual commencement of the various departments of the University of Maryland on June 1, a dozen young men ; received the degree of Doctor of Pharmacy. Dr. Thomas Fell. I provost of the university, presented diplomas to about two hun- ! dred young men who have graduated in law, medicine, den- I tistry and pharmacy, and one young woman, who got a dentist's ! degree. The address was delivered by William Jennings Bryan, t-late Secretary of State. The graduating class of the Depart- l^raent of Pharmacy proved to be exceptionally small, the class I standards having been advanced at the beginning of last year i by the imiversity authorities. The class included A. S. Bradley, L Allan T. Hartman, Harry Asbury Kinnamon, John Edgar Lil- lich, Benjamin Mellor, Jr., John T. Meeth, John James Pivec, Lutlier F. Mitchell, Jaime Angel Parlade y Pena, Wilnier Henry Schuize, Harry Raymond Showacre, and Norman F. Storm. Mr. Schuize won the gold medal for general excellence and the William Simon prize in practical chemistry. In the junior class honorable mention was given to Arthur H. Eise and S. Fred Marshall. NEW ORLEANS At the recent graduating exercises of the New Orleans Col- lege of Pharmacy, affiliated with Loyola University, New Or- leans, twenty-four young men and two young women received diplomas, which were presented by Rev Alphonsus Otis, presi- dent of the university. Those receiving diplomas were: Leonce J. Aucoin, Rene J. Bienvenu, Mertie M. Bloom, Alvin S. Brizzard, Leon Aloysius Gabroi, George D. Comeaux, Fred Rufo Crosby, W. Elmo Doucet, Edgar E.Ewing, Jno. Robt. Germany, Harry Goldstein, Antonio M. Gonzales y Falcon, Odon J. Lonibos, Manuel Lopez y Quintana, Eloi L. Melancon, Guillermo Perez y Pena, Robt. Lane Pollock, Laurence Rappleye, Rolling, Miss Anna Barbara Schneider, T. A. Scott, Miss Verona E. Stumpf, J. Warren Tar- box, Eugene Waldemar Vogt, George B. Welsh, Harold B. Williams, Hypolite Rene Xiques. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS The University of Illinois School of Pharmacy has graduated from its longer course the following students with the degree of Ph. C: Carroll Edwin Bundy, Sheldon, 111.; William N. Miller, Waterloo, la.; Joseph Pelc, Chicago, 111. and Edward Palmer Schruggs, Livingston, Ala. Governor Edward F. Dunne has appointed on the Illinois Board of Pharmacy W. J. Clancy of La Salle, the appointment being made for the five-year term beginning December 31, 1914. Mr. Clancy is a graduate of the Chicago College of Pharmacy, class of 1889, and is a well-known pharmacist with more than twenty-five years of retail drug experience. MEDICAL COLLEGE OF VIRGINIA Seventeen students received diplomas at the commencement of the Medical College of Virginia held on June 1 as follows: Roy P. Booth, Banner B. Brown, William E. Cole, George W. Earles, George R. Ellington, Jesse Fray, Arno E. Friddle, Solon A. Hausenflook, Leonard J. Henley, Henry C. Hisey, William H. Hoover, Jr., William B. Hopkins, Frank Lamer, Robert S. Magruder, Emmett H. Poindexter, Victor E. Sisson, Harry W. Zirkle. CINCINNATI Among the graduates receiving degrees at the commencement exercises of the Cincinnati College of Pharmacy held at the Hotel Sinton on June 3, were four young ladies. The pro- gramme included a banquet and speechmaking. The graduates were: R. H. Keller, Willard H. Smyers, Arthur Sarsfield, Ur- ban Schwieterman, William McGhee, Don F. Deeter, Roy C. Moore, W. Dale Gandee, Joseph B. Koenig, Clifford Specht, Chas. D. Anderson, Robert R. Fitzpatrick, R. L. Hunter, Frank E. Benson, Miss Esther DeCourcy, Miss Lydia Hegner, Philip A. Schwartz, Martin Schneble, John S. Beatty; Fred Fichtel, Vemer B. Million, Miss Carrie Ritter, Miss Nevada Hannah, A. A. Hofstetter, O. A. Roush, jr., Stanley Duncan, Samuel Wides, Arnold C. Schaffer, M. Nassar, Emil W. Haef- ner, H. C. Arnold, George Baumann and Edward F. Alexander. BIRMINGHAM MEDICAL COLLEGE At the commencement of the Birmingham Medical College, department of pharmacy, degrees were conferred upon the fol- lowing students who .successfully completed the several courses in pharmacy: Phar, D., H. M. Goldstein and A. H. Olive; Ph. C. M. F. Brown; Ph. G., J. M. Bridges, M. F. Brown, A. L. Cook, M. L. Davis, H. E. Melton, jr., T. I. R. Drisdale, G. Hagan, H. W. Lowe. G. N. Odom. W. T. Timmons, M. Schwartz, H. M. Goldstein and J. B. Wooten. At the meeting of the alumpi association the following offi- cers were elected : President, E A. Southworth ; vice-president, E. D. Bright; secretary, M. F. Brown; treasurer, M. L. Davis; registrar, A. H. Olive. 326 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [JULT, 1915 Results of State Pharmacy Board Examinations New Jersey- Henry A Torden, secretary of the New Jersey Board of Phar- macy announces the following list of successful candidates who took the recent examination held in Irenton: Reg stered Pharmacist-Louis .Bangert. Newark ; Julius Becker^ PateFson- Isaac Bloomfield, Philadelphia; Henry J Bravin New York; Mack Brown. Trenton; J Broxmeyer Philadelphia; Albert Bryn arski, Plainfield; Frank P Buckley, P^'"?."" P*^'*'?, lin; Newark; James H. Chafey, Point P'^^^^^t^Benjaram Cohan. Philadelphia; Lawrence Cohen. Jersey Oty; Frank J Dassmg Newark- Ralph Deaver. Atlantic City; Charles V. Uempsey. rat erson; Simon Erdreich Jersey City; George J Ettenberg New York- Rose Feldberg, Newark; Maurice S. Feldman, Philadel- phTa;' Jacob Feinberg New York; Ralph Finello, JerfY C. y j Louis Gershenfeld, Philadelphia; Jean L. Germann, Philadelphia. M°chaerGuiliano. Newark; Abraham Goldstein. Ne-Yl<: Lewis a Greenberg, Philadelphia; Hermann Griram, u Wr,ffmJn Grossman Newark; Samuel E. Harris. Passaic; John H. Hoffman, Newidf Howard G. Isby. Clarks Summit, Pa.; Samuel Jurow. BrToklvn NY- Nathan Kerber, Newark; Joseph Landes, New Anthony J. S'sti, Jersey C.ty Lewis C S^^^^^^ Raphael Taub, New YorK, vv luiam tjij New Brunswick; tin Venetucci New \ork; James S. Waker r^e ^^^^ Kenneth Weeks Br.dgeton N J. . Louis Wolf,' New York, y.; Lorentz Wold Brooklyn w x., j P j^g^ton. Pa.; Samuel erson; John J. Mayer ^"^^n^e^-'ulTrice ^ -R^^^ Newark; &rd^H.^Rp"\^3;^^^ r ^elfs^' c'am'denrEliL^beth'-t. ^WiK^'Haddonfield ; Clarence M. Wolf. Altoona, Pa. . examination of applicants fo^r^egrstrltion-will Ce iTeld Wr_ento„ on July 15 and 16. Virginia - MA hv the Virginia Board of Pharmacy At the examination held by t^^ ^^/ Scants for certificates in Richmond on April 20. there were ^ ^ following were as registered pharmacist. Of this num^^ S"asST'ce^fm^kt:-'j.''p/si]eC^ RichmLd. and C. W. ^7he7e w^er°2^applicants for the regist^r^^^^^ The following -ere -"^^ ^Mardn. Richlnd; L. C. Rothgeb, E;rar% R Henderson.'^Fincastle; H. A. Moore, Round H.ll; ^,?^'f^to^^ng^^ne|.^dJ,y^ &c\;':"ThV'r.eTt^x^ami'natil"win"be^hel2 in^'Richmond July 20 and 21. Missouri . ... 1- „»c =„^rp5<;fullv passed the Missouri Board F. Malloy. Kansas City; "fj.'^fj^^- johnson Gallatin; Edward Assistant Pharmac.sts-Geo. O S'""t, Horners^^i ^ j F. Mulvany, Kansas Ci y; ^"^ ■^"(l^^ j ^p^'^.'onsburg; Joseph D Srown""Bniing:; Frank' E.'' Bergman', St. Joseph; James Ward ''Thrn:xt''meltrng'oi-the Board will be held at Pertle Springs. June 14. mond; Frank W. Richey. Louisville; Arthur T. Schreiber, Louis ville; John W. Wear, Murray. , ^ . .,, T^ -j tt r-„,t,„ Assistants: Clayton M. French, Louisville; David U. Garber Jellico, Tenn.; Miss Marie Kannapel, Louisville; J. E. Katterjoha RussellviUe; Ray E. Montgomery, CaneyviUe; \V arren P. Rash^ Middlesboro; Karl H. Strobel, Louisville; Louis A Stumpff, Louis ville- Stanley Duncan, Newport; R. C. Ledford, CartersviUe IL. Geo A Poor, Lexington; Robert W. Schroader, Murray; Sam' ^The''ne^xt"'r'e"gu^lr meeting will be held in Covington July 13 14 Applications must be filed with the secretary, J. . W. Gayle Frankfort, Ky., at least ten days before date of meeting. Kentucky Oliio Seventy applicants for registered pharmacist's licenses and thirtj four applicants for assistant pharmacist's licenses took the examma tion of the Ohio Board of Pharmacy held in Columbus laS month. The following were successful: F„„rp, r Ph-irmacists— Tack A. Timon; John F. Blanchfield, trances l. Branch? James^Turkenhoff; Henry C. Bauer; W;"'-- H"=f' of Cleveland. Harry F. Decker; Lawrence W. Alexander Q ford T Viscontin; Eugene G. Foertmeyer. Cincinnati, Henry t LTns- Wa ter R Zimmerman, Akron; Duane Hobart; Eugene h Schll'l To edo; Roy E. Shook; Ernest L. Fiala, Canton; Harry 1 Press'er Otto C Blum, Portsmouth; R. Boyd Strayer; Scot Eora n 'Haro d C Birr, Canal Dover; Frank A^ Lambert Steube. i^orain. narom , , T-, Frank A. Lambert, teubei vinr-"kd'lm Erd'enSr.^Mansfie°M 'Harry J. Fisher. Sandusk, r iffnrd Newfon Bevlrly; Glenn F. Shawver, Covington; Rav l.„d: Philip A- S'lir'&l ?S KfulW P«"»^ S"",!' TdT K^H J G^genheimer: Ver;nilion; Chester A. Smith, Sa bert Soland. Cleveland 0., Kalpn u. rii Columbia, Carr h- ^/^::^^n!iC^.:^UoI'C:^'^^^r,.r.. E. Barre] ^^AT'pPesent the Obio B°ard of Pharm^^^^^^^ ?e°;rof"hvF-y^' eL?n^"|a^^^^^^^^^^^^^ c^ontct^^d fn'^The ^iTse^o?' R^pres^n^tati"^. commencing Mond June 21.'!t. 1915. North Carolina ^ follows: J c. Warren. Benson: Andr Joseph A. Wins, J 'i''" ' J c:,,..rman Wilm ngton; Roland S., P°Pe. W«''^°"V^,!!','^,%" b ^PorteT Concord; Houston Wol i-tZSn2 tZrh r Po»=ll. Bis««; R.b"t I- Mill". 1' Va • Newton L- Beach. MorRanton; Ed«in B. D. ton- Willie W. Smith. Wayncsville. r\^„;A T Bli rilorVd-Wayman W. Williams. FayetteviUe; Dav.d S,Xa-' lolin' L. Stephens Norfolk Va^; Augustus T. Kenre ^■^The^re"i^:s^^•.K^^^^ -^^^ - November 19. July, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 327 Drug Exhibit at Panama Pacific Exposition American Manufacturers Show Remedies, Perfumes and Toilet Preparations— Owl Chain Has Interesting Store ALL of the strictly pharmaceutical displays at tlie Panama-Pacific Exposition in San Francisco are con- veniently placed in tlie Palace of Liberal Arts, one of the most accessible of all the buildings on the grounds. This building stands just to tlie west, or at the left of, tlie Tower of Jewels, the cen- tral tower that faces one who enters the grounds by the main, or Scott Street, gate. The displays of interest to druggists are well bunched near the eastern end of the buildings so that a visitor with limited time can easily see the bulk of the displays. There are, however, some very interest- ing showings made in some of the for- eign sections of this building, notably in the Netherlands, Ja- panese and Chinese sections, with less important displays in the German, Uruguayan and Portuguese sections. As a rule, the Japanese exhibits are carefully labelled in English with the name and address of the manufacturer, and some- times with the name of the general agent in America, so that interested visitors are able at once to get in touch with the exhibitor. The other foreign exhibits are shy of English, though there is generally someone in attendance to give information. In the case of the Netherlands exhibit, one of the best of all, it is necessary to go to the Netherlands Building on another part of the grounds to get information. Outside of the Palace of Liberal Arts, the mineral water exhibits and a few others of some interest to the trade are placed in the Palace of Food Products; and there are one or two displays of interest in the Manufactures Building. Near the southeastern entrance to the ' Palace of Liberal Arts, by which the visitor is most likely to enter the building, is a complete drug store — the display of the Owl Drug Com- pany of San Francisco. The display is classic in design with heavy beams resting on Ionic columns. Above each front is a massive owl with outspread wings and at the comer is a mortar and pestle. On the pediments below the columns are other owls in relief. The floor is covered with tiling; and wicker chairs and settees are scattered about for the convenience of guests. Two large curved glass showcases show one a complete set of utensils and containers used in prescription filling, and the other some of the products of the manufacturing department. There is also an educational display of crude drugs, each drug decorated with the flag of the country from which it is obtained. In another case are shown forty different crude drugs under as many magnifying glasses. Scattered about on cases and other points of vantage are six beautiful stuffed owls of immense size. The rear of the store is formed of a typical Owl Drug Company store, three stories high. The "entrance" to this store is a large mirror which gives a look of depth to the "interior." At the right, the window display shows a collection of Red Feather toilet preparations, while the other window is given over to prescription goods and talcum powder. The crude drug exhibit of S. B. Penick & Co., Marion, N. C, promises to be one of the most interesting of all though It is still incomplete, the display having been delayed in transit. It occupies an artificial tunnel running through from Palace of Liberal Arts, in which many drug exhibits are placed. one street to another in the building; and, as this supplies a needed short-cut, it is already well patronized. The American Druggists Syndicate has secured one of the largest spaces in the building given over to drugs and similar lines; and the use made of the space has made it one of the most noticeable. The architecture is pure classic and the col- oring is white. A full line of the com- pany's goods is shown ; and attend- ants are on hand not only to interest callers in the goods but also to interest visiting druggists in the A. D. S. itself. Quite a number of manufacturers of proprietary reme- dies, perfumes, toilet preparations, etc., have exhibits, which because of their popular use attract considerable atten- tion among the gen- eral public as well as druggists. The cork display of the Armstrong Cork Company occupies 1-200 square feet of display space in the Palace of Manufac- tures. The booth is of pergola type, finished in white and beautified with potted plants and trailing vines. Transparency frames are suspended round the open sides of the booth show- ing the various steps in the cork industry from the stripping of the bark in Spain to the finishing of stoppers in Pittsburgh, U. S. A. Everything in cork is shown; and the druggists who have known cork only as bottle stoppers, show a lot of in- terest in the many other uses exemplified here. A particular section of the booth is devoted to corks proper and to their manufacture. The Japanese exhibits of interest to the trade are partly in the Palace of Liberal Arts and partly in the Palace of Food Products. As a rule they are well placed and carefully labeled with the name and address of the exhibitor. They include: Refined camphor in various sizes and cubes, blocks and tab- lets; sublimed camphor in tins; a large variety of insect powders and the raw materials for these ; mineral waters and extracts; menthol cones, and crystals, mentholum, peppermint crystals and peppermint oils ; kuromi oil ; Kuromoji oil, and rice paper for medicinal purposes. The Chinese exhibits include: A varied line of toilet soaps; perfumes, tooth paste, florida water, disinfectants, etc. The Netherlands exhibit in the Palace of Liberal Arts is easily second to the Japanese display from the standpoint of the druggist. There are a number of exhibitors; and some of the separate displays are quite extensive enough to stand by themselves. The chief lines shown are: Glycerine, f;lycerine Boap, stearine pitch, dentifrices, gum copal, gambier, gam ben- zol, first aid goods and travelers' medical and surgical out- fits, quinine, ant powder, nitrate of sodium, caraway oil, bi- sulphite of lime, carvene, carvol, bottles, caps, corks and fancy closures. The German displays are not yet complete; but so far as now appears, the only displays of interest are the radium- mesothorium display of Richard Stamer of Hamburg and the Leichner perfumery and face powder display. The display of the Republic of Uruguay in the Liberal Arts Palace includes several exhibits of tooth paste, tooth vashes, toilet soaps and medical specialties. Bay rum and several lines of mineral waters are included in the Cuban exhibit in the Food Products building. 328 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [July, 1915 MARKET PRICES STILL ADVANCING Scarcity of Many Drugs and Chemicals Reported- Lessening of Opiuna Consumption See Pages 27 to 34 for Prices Current Changes Since Last Report D- lb. 1.00 — 1.10 A- -Acetone, Pure CP., Medicinal lb. .40 — .44 A- lb. 5.00 — 5.20 A- -Acid, Benzoic, German lb. 2.90 — 3.20 A- -Acid, Carbolic, Cryst., Bulk lb. 1.65 — 1.70 10-5 lb. cans lb. 1.70 — 1.75 1-lb. bottles lb. 1.70 — 1.75 D- -Acid, Cinnamic oz. .20 — .22 A- lb. .65 — .70 Less lb. .75 — .95 lb. .75 — .95 lb. .90 — 1.00 A- lb. .29 — .33 Powdered lb. .34 — .38 A- lb. 2.15 — 2.30 A- -Acid, Salicylic, 1-lb. cartons lb. 2.25 — 2.75 Bulk lb. 2.20 — 2.70 A- lb. .50 — .55 Powdered lb. .51 — 56 A- -Agar Agar lb. .48 — .79 A- lb. .25 — .32 A- -Ammonium Benzoate lb. .15 — .20 D- lb. .26 — .36 A- lb. .26 — .30 Powdered lb. .35 — .40 A- -Arrowroot, Taylor's ]^-\hs. in 12-lb boxes lb. .34 — .37 D- lb. 1.25 — 1.40 A- -Belladonna Leaves, German .lb. 1.65 — 1.70 D- —Bismuth Citrate and Ammonium .lb. 3.45 — 4.00 D- -Bismuth Salicylate, 65% lb. 3.00 — 3.25 40% lb. 2.85 — 3.00 D- —Bismuth Sub-Benzoate lb. 3.20 — 3.60 D- lb. 3.30 — 3.60 D- —Bismuth Subgallate .lb. 3.00 — 3.25 D- -Bismuth Subiodide (oz. .40-.45) .lb. 5.00 — 5.15 D- —Bismuth Subnitrate lb. 2.75 — 3.00 A- -Blue Mass (Blue Pill) lb. .75 — .80 Powdered lb .80 — .85 A- lb. — .28 A- -Caffeine, Pure (oz. .40-.45) .lb. 5.25 — 5.50 Hydrobromide, Gran. Efferves't lb. .60 — .70 D- —Calendula Flowers .lb. .55 — .60 A- lb. .45 — .55 J4-lb. Squares lb. .46 — .50 lb. .45 — .55 A- lb. .09^— .10>4 A- lb. 7.00 — 7.50 lb. 6.40 — 7.20 D- lb. .25 — .30 lb. .30 — .35 A- lb. 1.85 — 2.10 lb. 1.60 — 1.75 Powdered lb. 1.70 — • 1.90 A- lb. .30 — .35 A- —Chamomile Flowers, Hungarian .lb. .75 — .85 lb. .48 — .56 A- lb. 1.10 — 1.30 A- — Cocculus Indicus (Fish Berries) .lb. .15 — 20 ■ lb. .20 — 25 A- lb. .30 — 33 lb. .38 — .41 Seed lb. 1.00 — 1.15 lb. 1.10 — 1.25 A — Colocynth, Select lb. .45 - Pulp lb. .80 - D — Condurango Bark, True lb. .45 - A — Conium Seed lb. .20 - A — Copaiba, South American lb. .47 - Para lb. .47 - A — Copper Subacetate (Verdigris) lb. .42 - Sulphate (Blue Vitriol) lb. .09 - Barrels lb. .08 - A — Coumarin oz. .48 - D — Creosote, Beechwood lb. 1.25 - D— Cubeb Berries, Powdered lb. .70 - A— Cudbear lb. .35 - A— Doggrass, Cut lb. .50 - D — Euonymin (Eclectic Powd.) oz. .45 - A— Fennel Seed lb. .38 - A— Flaxseed, Cleaned bbl. 9.00 - Less than barrel lb. .07 - Ground lb. .07 - A— Galangal Root, Selected lb. .30 - Powdered lb. .34 - A— Goldenseal Root lb. 5.00 - Powdered lb. 5.35 - D — Grains of Paradise lb. .32 - Powdered lb. .38 - A — Guaiacol, Liquid lb. 3.25 - A — Hexamethylenamine lb. .78 - D— Hops, Select (1914) lb. .36 - Pressed, 14, J^, and 1-lb. pckg..lb. .39 - A — Hydrochinon oz. .25 - A — Insect Powder lb. .52 - D — Ipecac Root, Cartagena lb. 3.60 - Powdered lb. 3.90 - A— Ipecac Root, Rio lb. 5.90 - D— Iron Sulphate (Copperas) per 100 lbs. 1.00 - A — Juniper Berries lb. .10 - A — Lanolin, Anhydrous lb. .90 - A — Licorice, Corigliana lb. .35 - Mass , lb. .34 - D— Lithium Bromide lb. 2.50 - D — Lovage Root, Select, white lb. .90 - A— Lupulin lb. 2.50 - D — Lycopodium lb. 1.22 - A — Magnesium Sulphate (Sal Epsom) lb. .03^/2- A— Malva Flowers, Blue Small lb. 1.90 - A — Manna Flake, Large lb. .92 - D — Matico Leaves lb. .40 - D— Menthol, Crystals lb. 2.90 - A — Mercury lb. 1.40 - A — Mercury, Ammoniated (white Precip.) . .lb. 1.55 - A — Mercury Bichloride (Corrosive Subl.)..lb. 1.25 - Powdered lb. 120 - A — Mercury Bisulphate lb. 1.15 - A— Mercury Chloride (Mild) Calomel lb. 1.35 - A— Mercury Oxide (Red Precipitate) lb. 1.50 - A — Mercury with Chalk (by Succussion) . . .lb. .75 - A— Musk Root lb. 1.10 - Powdered lb. 1.15 - A — Naphthalene, flake or balls lb. .17 - A — Nux Vomica lb. .12 - A— Oil Bergamot lb. 3.40 - A— Oil Almond, Bitter lb. 6.25 - Without Acid lb. 7.00 - A— Oil Cloves lb. 1.40 - A — Oil Cod Liver. Norwegian gal. 1.75 - Barrels ea. 44.00 i/2-Barrels ea. 24.00 A— Oil Coriander lb. .70 D— Oil Gaultheria Leaf lb. 4.50 A — Oil Juniper Berries lb. 1.60 A— Oil Lemon lb. 1.30 D — Oil Leniongrass lb. 1.10 July, 1915] THE PHARaiACEUTICAL ERA' ^ , 329 A— Oil Linseed, Boiled lb. .68 — .72 Raw lb. .67 — .69 A— Oil Mustard, Artificial lb. 4.50 — 4.75 A— Oil Olive, Malaga lb. 1.40 — 1.60 A— Oil Peach Kernels lb. .45 — .50 A— Oil Pennyroyal lb. 1.75 — 2.00 A— Oil, Salad, Union Oil Co lb. .75 — .82 A— Oil Sandalwood, English lb. 6.30 — 6.70 D— Oil Wintergreen lb. 4.50 — 4.75 Synthetic lb. 1.80 — 1.85 A — Ointment, Mercurial, }^ mercury lb. .95 — 1.05 1/3 mercury lb. .85 — .95 D— Opium, Natural lb. 7.50 — 7.75 Granulated lb. 8.85 — 9.00 U.S.P. Powdered lb. 8.75 — 8.95 D— Poppy Seed, Blue (Maw) lb. .18 — .20 White lb. .20 — .22 A— Potassium Acetate lb. .40 — SO A — Potassium Bicarbonate lb. .35 — .40 A — Potassium Chlorate, Purified and Gran. . .lb. .50 — .55 A — Potassium Nitrate lb. .14 — .22 Powdered lb. .15 — .23 A — Potassium Permanganate lb. .85 — .90 Pure, Powdered lb. .90 — .95 A — Potassium Prussiate, Yellow lb. .60 — ,65 D— Quince Seed lb. .85 — 1.00 A— Quinine Sulphate, 100-oz. tins oz. .28^— -30 5-oz. tins oz. .33 — .35 1-oz. vials oz. .36 — .42 A— Resorcin, Pure, White lb. 2.25 — 2.50 A— Rochelle Sah lb. .261^— .32 A — Saffron, .\merican (Safflower) lb. .80 — .85 A — Sage Leaves, Italian lb. .36 — .40 Domestic lb. .38 — .42 A— Salol lb. 2.50 — 2.75 A — Santonine oz. 4.60 — 5.00 A— Seidlitz Powder lb. .22 — .28 A — Senna Leaves. .Alexandria lb. .45 — .65 D— Soap Tree Bark, Powdered lb. .20 — .24 A — Sodium Benzoate lb. 3.00 — 3.25 A— Sodium Salicylate lb. 3.00 — 3.25 D — Spirits Turpentine gal. .54 — .58 D — Stramonium Leaves, Powdered lb. .34 — .39 A — Strychnine .Acetate, ^A-oz. vials oz. 1.60 — 1.70 .Alkaloid, ^-oz. vials oz. 1.15 — 1.25 Nitrate, J^-oz. vials oz. 1.50 — 1.65 Sulphate, ^-oz. vials lb. 1.15 — 1.25 A— Sulphonmethane, U.S.P lb. 6.25 — 6.50 A— Sulphonethylmethane, U.S.P lb. 7.50 — 8.00 A— Sulphur, Lac lb. .22 — .25 A — Tartar Emetic lb. .60 — .68 A— Thymol lb. 10.00 —10.50 D— Thymol Iodide, U.S.P lb. 6.50 — 6.75 A — Tragacanth, Aleppo, Extra lb. 2.35 — 2.50 No. 1 lb. 2.30 — 2.40 Powdered lb. 1.90 — 2.35 A— Uva Ursi lb. .14 — .18 D— Valerian Root, German lb. .30 — .35 Powdered lb. .35 — .40 D— Wax, Bay lb. .27 — .30 A— White Hellebore, Powdered lb. .15 — .18 A— Wormseed, Levant (Santonica) lb. 1.00 —1.10 Powdered lb. 1.10 — 1.15 Note — A, advanced; D, declined; C, correction; N, new. NEW YORK, June 23. — Increasing scarcity of many drugs and chemicals is responsible for the advances in prices which form the feature of this month's market report. Particular activity has been noted in the drug products of the Mediter- ranean basin, the curtailment of shipments from that region being more or less affected by activity of Italy in the war against .Austria and the consequent blockade of points of export. Manufacturers are finding it difficult to secure argols from that country, and as a result prices have appreciably advanced in tartaric acid, cream of tartar, Rochelle salt and Seidlitz mixture. Mercury and mercurial products have also strongly advanced, due to the great demand for export and the use of the mobile metal in the manufacture of the muni- tions of war and for other purposes. Quinine is also stronger and has become more active both on foreign and domestic account. Among other staples, opium is practically unchanged, and importers have again raised tlieir prices on cod liver oil. Naphthalene continues to advance, the quotations on "motli balls" being the highest they have reached in some years. Another spectacular advance in price is that reported for thymol, due to an active demand and a scarcity of supplies. Potassium salts are all higher, tlie most pronounced advances relating to the acetate, permanganate and yellow prussiate. The scarcity of botanical drugs of foreign origin continues and some of the prices quoted represent merely nominal or arbitrary valuation. The number of items showing a decline in prices are com- paratively small, as a reference to above list will show. A downward trend is noted in the quotations on bismuth com- pounds, acetanilid, tonka beans, condurango bark, beechwood creosote, hops, Cartagena ipecac, lovage root, matico leaves, quince seed, soap tree bark, cut, spirits of turpentine, and German valerian root. Opium — There is practically no change in prices in the gen- eral market, although the quotations recorded show a slight decline, jobbers asking $7.50@$7.7S for natural; $8.85@$9 for granulated, and $8.75@$8.95 for powdered U.S.P. A lessening of consumption under the operation of the Harrison narcotic law is reported, and but for the inquiry for export, the market would probably not be holding up as well as it is. Quinine — The market is very firm at present quotations, which show a stronger position than those obtaining last month. The demand is active both on foreign and domestic account, and manufacturers here are having some difficulty in get- ting supplies of bark through ordinary trade channels. Both London and Amsterdam report increasing strength in these markets, and foreign manufacturers of salts are having about all they can do to keep up with their contracts. Jobbing prices range from 28^c@30c per ounce in 100-oz. tins, 33@35c in 5-oz. tins, and 36@42c in 1-oz. vials, depending upon bra,nd and quantity. Little foreign made quinine is being offered in this market at the present time. Cod Liver On, — Holders of Norwegian have again raised their prices and jobbers are asking $44@$46 per barrel, and $24@$26 for half-barrels, these prices being influenced by the reported shortage of the 1915 catch of fish and the con- sequent reduction in the Norway output of oil this season. The receipt in this market of small lots of Newfoundland oil are reported. Acetanilid — Following the slump in the price of aniline oil consequent to the raising of the embargo on shipments by England, manufacturers have reduced their prices, with dealers following suit at $1@$1.10 per pound. Thymol — The advance in price of this product furnishes one of the features of the month's changes, being due to the scarcity of supplies and an active demand. Manufacturers of antiseptic washes and dental preparations report consid- erable difficulty in obtaining sufficient thymol for their uses, being forced to bid in competition with exporters who have been buying freely on orders from England and France. Job- bers quote $10@$10.50 per pound. A revision of quotations on thymol iodide shove's a slight decline, the product being now obtainable at $6.50@$6.75 per pound. Carbolic Acid — This product still shows strength and is obtainable at $1.65@$1.70 per pound in bulk, and $1.70@$1.75 in 1-lb. bottles. Buying is of a hand-to-mouth character, dealers attempting to supply their regular customers only. Santonin — This crystallized lactone has been advanced to $4.60@$5 per ounce, due to the higher prices demanded by the Russian syndicate controlling the manufacturing monopoly and the scarcity of levant wormseed. Tart.^ric Acid — The difficulty of securing argols from Italy and other sources has not been without efftct upon all of the tartar products. Crystal tartaric acid is quoted at 50@55c per pound, and powdered at 51@56c; cream of tartar, 38@46c; Rochelle salt, 26^@32c, and seidlitz mixture, 22@28c. CouMARiN — Supplies are scarce and quotations have been advanced to 48@56c per ounce. Mercury — The strong export demand for quicksilver has excited keen interest in this metal, which has advanced in price, and corresponding higher quotations foi the various mercurial products. The following are prevailing prices : Mer- cury, $1.40@$1.50 per pound; ammoniated (white precipitate), $1.55(g$1.70; bichloride (corrosive sublimate), $1.25(i$1.35 ; 330 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [July, 1915 powdered, $1.20@$1.30; bisulphate, $1.15@$1.25; mild chloride, (calomel), _$1.35@$1.45 ; oxide (red precipitate), $1.50@$1.60; mercury with chalk, 7S(5)80c; mercurial ointment (half mer- cury), 95c(a$1.05; one-third mercury, 85(S95c. Citric Acid — The demand continues in excess of imme- diate offerings, with jobbers quoting 6S(g70c per pound in bulk, and 75@95c for less; granulated, 75(g95c, and powdered, 90c(g$l per pound. Essential Oils — Taken as a whole, this section of the mar- ket shows stronger prices for all changes that are reported this month. Among the Messina essences, oil of bergamot and oil of lemon are higher, the former being quoted at $3.40@$3.50 per pound, and the latter at $1.30@$1.45; oil of coriander is held at 70@90c, oil of peach kernels at 45@50c; oil of pennyroyal at $1.75(S)$2, and English oil of sandal- wood at $6.30@$6.70 per pound. Linseed On. — The demand is quite active and quotations are higher, with boiled held at 68@72c, and raw, 67(g69c per gallon. Spirits Turpentine— Is in good supply and quotations show a decline, jobbers asking 54(S58c per gallon. Resorcin — Pure white is higher and held at $2.2S@$2.50 per pound. Potassium Salts— Nearly all of the salts of this metal con- tinue in demand at firm prices, scarcity for some of them causing users to turn their attention to the corresponding sodium salts. The most important changes relate to the ace- tate, which is now quoted at 40@50c; bicarbonate, 35(340c; nitrate, 14@22c; permanganate, 85(S90c, and yellow prussiate, 60@65c. Saffron — .\merican (saf flower) is in restricted supply and the scarcity is reflected in the higher prices asked, quotations range around 80@85c. Wormseed — Levant (santonica) is becoming scarce every- where outside of Russia and supplies in that countr>' are not available. Jobbers quote $l(a$L10 per pound for whole, and $1.10(a$1.15 for powdered. Strychnine — Scarcity of drug producing this alkaloid and considerable demand have caused a marking up in price of the various salts, as follows: Acetate, yi-oz. v., $L60@$1-80 per ounce; nitrate, J/^-oz. v., $L50@$L6S per ounce; sulphate, oz. v., $1.1 5 @ $1.25 per ounce. The alkaloid is also held at $1.15@$1.25 per ounce. Quince Seed — Quotations are lower and prices have de- clined to 85c@$l per pound. Musk Root — Scarcity is responsible for the advance in this item, which is now held at $1.10(g$1.20 per pound for whole, and $1.15(S)$1.30 for powdered. Hops — Are lower, select (1914) being offered at 36(g45c per pound; pressed in 14, and 1-lb. packages, 39@45c. Sage Leaves — All varieties are higher, Italian being quoted at 36@40c and domestic at 38(a42c. Index to Advertisers, page 40. Index to Goods Advertised, pages 36-38 Index to Text Pages Abstracts, Foreign, 308 Acid, Carbolic, Liquefied, vs. So- lution, 309. Acid, Salicylic, Test, 308. Apothecary, a Literary Study, Edward Kremers, 298. Apprentices, Cincinnati offers Course, 310. Associations, Clubs, etc.— American Pharmaceutical, 318. New York Branch, 297. American Pharmaceutical Chemists, 321. Delaware Pharmaceutical, 321. Erie Co. (N. Y.) Pharmaceut- ical, 304. Georgia Pharmaceutical, 322. German Apothecaries, 323. Illinois Pharmaceutical, 320. Iowa Pharmaceutical, 318. Kentucky Pharmaceutical, 319. Kings Co. (N.Y.) Ph. Soc, 315. Louisville Chapter, 307. Maine Pharmaceutical, 319. Massachusetts Pharmaceutical, 319. Michigan Pharmaceutical, 320. Missouri Pharmaceutical, 323. National Retail Druggists, 318. Nebraska Pharmaceutical, 319. New Jersey Pharmaceutiaal, 317. New York Pharm. Conference, 296. North Carolina Pharmaceutical, 321. Northern Ohio Druggists, 322. Pennsylvania Pharmaceutical, 322. Terrell (Texas) Druggists, 316. Texas Pharmaceutical, 318. W.O.N.A.R.D. Boston Chapter, 306. Chicago Chapter, 307. Philadelphia Chapter, 307. St. Louis Chapter, 307. Wilmington Chapter, 307. Bartons Antidote, 296. Beck, Col .J. II., 315. Beeswax, Detection of Paraffin, 308. B llaire, John D., 313. Bentley, G. S., 314. Berlin Laboratory, Ltd., 316. Boards of Pharmacy — Kentucky, 326. Missouri, 326. New Jersey, 326. North Carolina, 326. Ohio, 326. Virginia, 326. Book Reviews— Lewkowitsch, Chemical Tech- nology and Analysis of Oils, Fats and Waxes, 299. Proceedings of the National Association of Manufac- turers of Medicinal Prod- ucts, 299. Brown, Henry Essex, 315. Brown, Dr. Lucius P., 313. Burke, William J., 313. Camera Display, 312. Cameras, Best Paying Side Line, 311. Caspari, Dr. Charles, Jr., 313. Church, Sir Arthur H., 315. Cogswell, Samuel J., 313. Colleges of Pharmacy — Birmingham Medical, 325. Buffalo, 324. Cincinnati ,325. Illinois University, 325. Iowa University, 325. Jersey City, 324. Maryland University, 325. Massachusetts, 324. Medico-Chirurgical, 325. New Orleans, 325. Philadelphia, 324. Pittsburgh, 324. Rhode Island, 324. Virginia Medical College, 325. Danaher, William H., 315. Dental Hygiene in Public Schools, 300. Diehl, August, 323. Dohme, Dr. A. R. L., 303. Dreyer, John D. F., 303. Drug Business, Retail, Building by Mail. 301. Drug Store Leaks, Stopping, 293. Drug Swindlers Caught, 296. Eckels, Mrs. C. A., 306. Edestin in Pepsin Assay, 308. Editorials- Campaign Against Patents, 292. Passing of the Drug Trade Swindler, 292. Work of the Associations, 291. Emulsions, Stable, 308. Ether, Test for Peroxide, 308. Gebicke, Paul F., 323. Gilbert, Otto P., 323. Glass, Fred, 313. Hayes, Mrs. James J„ 315. Helenin, 309. Helonin, 309. Henkel, Miss Alice, 305. Holmes, David R., 313. Individual Propaganda, John Roemer, 297. Jacobson, Adolph, 296. Jacobson, William, 296. Johnson, Miss B. Arete, 307. Jones, Mayor Linn E., 313. Kutnow, Dr. Herman, 313. Law, Narcotic, Rulings, 303. Lee, Dr. Walter E., 307. Lehman, Robert S., 323. Light Problem Solving, 295. Livingston, Hugh, 313. Loyless, W. A., 315. Macurda, William A., 315. Magnesium Carbonate in Cake Form, 309. Manufacturers' Trading Co., 296. Market Report, 329. McK.n-lian. Miss Kvilalia E., 306. McKac. M." !■ :,nly C, 307. MilUr, K. i;.. New York Health Board Against Pitents, 296. Nomenclature, Proprietary vs. Scientific, 310. Nujol, 316. Panama-Pacific Exposition, Drug Exhibits, 327. Paraphenylenediamin, Warning, 309. Parisen, George W., 317. Park & Sons Co., John D., 310. Parke, Davis & Co., 316. Pepsin Assay, Edestin, 308. Physician-Apothecary of 1793, 298. Plaut, Albert, 314. Priest, Mrs. Wilhelmina, 315. Profits, Disappearing, 294. Question Box, 309. Quiniodol, 308. Remley, Ernest, 311. Rhoads, Henry M., 315. Roudin, Bernard, 315. Rumo Co., 296. Rynott, Edwin, 315. Sailer, William E., 303. Sayre, Edward A., 317. Schieffelin, Dr. Wm. Jay, 310. Schleussner, Charles F., 323. Sharp & Dohme, 303. Sims, C. F., 313. Smith, Almon C, 315. Smith, Joseph G., 315. Sodium Glycerophosphate, 308. Special Sale Goods, 302. Stearns. Willard Parker, 31S. Stock, Dead, Clearing Out, 301 Straw, Bleaching, 309. Strophanthin, K. and G., 308. Swann, S. V. B., 323. Taylor, Newton Samuel, 31S. Travathan, George, 313. Union Sales Co., 296. White, George H., 317. White, Ira, 312. White, Louis H. M.. 313. Women in Pharmacy, 306. Wood. William H., 314. Worthcm, Bradley P., 315. AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY PUBUCATION FOR THE DRUG TRADE Vol. XLVIII Xkw York, August, 1915 No. 8 The Pharmaceutical Era. whisky raoM the v. s. p. PUBLISHED ON THE FIRST OF EACH MONTH. D. O. Haynes & Co. . . . Publishers No. 3 Pabk Placb, New Yobk Telephone, "646 Barclay. Cable Address, "Era, New York.' SUBSCRIPTION RATES: Domestic Rates to U. S., _ , . . ^ Cuba. Hawaii, Porto Rico, Subscription ...... .$1.00 a year the Philippines and Mexico. With Era Price List 1.50 a year To Cajiada, postpaid. Subscription 1.50 a year With Era Price List 2.00 a year Subscription 2.00 a year With Era Price List 2.50 a year REMIT by P. O. or Express Order or New York Draft pay- able to order of D. O. Haynes 4 Co. Add 10 cents for collection charges if you send local check. Single Copies, 15 cents. Published at No. 3 Park Place, Borough of Manhattan, New York, by D. O. Haynes & Co., a corporation: President and treas- urer, D. O. Haynes; vice-president, E. J. Kennedy; secretary, N. W. Haynes. Address of OfBcers is No. 3 Park Place, New York. Entered at the New York Post-Office as Second-class Matter. Copyright, 1015, by D. O. Haynes & Co. All rights reserved. Title Registered in the United States Patent Office. Table of Contents. Editorial .\xd Ph.\rm.\ceutical Pages 3.i 1-352 Editorials 331-332 Picking Things to Push 333-335 Drug Swindlers Were Successful for Years 335 Inversion of Cane Sugar in Syrup 336 Building Retail Drug Business by Mail 337-338 Lessons from Department Stores 339-340 Coffee, a Profitable Line for Druggists 341-342 Question Box 343-344 Books Reviewed 344 Foreign .Abstracts 345-346 Useful Drugs with Dosage 346 Era Narcotic List 347-348 Women in Pharmacy 349 Business Building Plans 350 Cameras and Photographic Supplies...- 351-352 News and Trade Section Pages 353-368 Personals 353-354 Obituaries 355 .Associations in Annual Convention 357-362 Board of Pharmacy E.xaminations 365 New Preparations and Specialties 363-364 Drug Markets 365-366 Index to .Advertisers Page 34 Index to Goods Adv^ertised Pages 35-36 Index to Readtng Paces Page 368 The announcement that the Committee of Revi- sion have voted by the narrow margin of 26 to 24 to exclude whisky and brandy from the forthcom- ing edition of the United States Pharmacopoeia, has caused newspaper writers throughout the coim- try to spill considerable ink in di.scussing the prob- able effect of such action on the future sale of these liquors by druggists for medicinal purposes. Ar- dent anti-prohibitionists have asserted that "the prohibitionists have apparently mastered the revi- sion for the time being," forgetting or not know- ing that the Pharmacopoeia grants no rights or privileges to any person for any purpose what- soever. The right to engage in the practice of pharmacy is wisely controlled by the State, as anyone familiar with pharmacy laws well knows, and before one can engage in the work, he must possess certain qualifications as shown by certain educational tests and experience exacted under the law by a board of pharmacy. He can then call himself a pharma- cist, if he measures up to the prescribed standards and is licensed, but his functions as a purveyor of drugs and medicines are circumscribed by numer- ous laws which in effect give him anything but a free hand in the articles which he may or may not sell. Opium, morphine and cocaine are phar- macopoeial substances, yet the fact that they are named in the Pharmacopoeia does not permit the druggist to sell such products indiscriminately, al- though they have more claim to be considered as medicines than either whisky or brandy. Their sale is regulated entirely by the Federal and va- rious State laws independently of the Pharma- copoeia. In a similar manner, the internal revenue laws have always regulated the sale of distilled spirits, and it is very likely that they will continue to do so whether these spirits are officially rec- ognized by the Revision Committee or not. The PharmacopaMa is confined to the definition and description of a selected list of drugs and chemicals, with official tests and requirements there- for, and accepted formulas for numerous prepara- tions. It is largely a book of standards for such drugs, and it assumes no authority to compel or forbid the use by the phy.sician of any remedy what- soever. The passing of whisky and brandy from the Pharmacopoeia will not remove them from the 332 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [August, a 915 armamentarium of the physician who may wish to prescribe them, and it is very likely that the pharmacist, should he desire to do so, will continue to sell them for medicinal purposes in most of the States as he has always done, providing he will pay the special tax exacted under the internal reve- nue laws and take out a license for the purpose as required by the laws of the locality in which hd does business. To quote the Federal decisions on the subject, "the law does not treat distilled spirits as a drug or medicine, and doctors and druggists are not permitted to sell it as such without first paying the special tax required of dealers in liquors. ' ' There are not a few druggists, however, who will welcome the decision as an excuse for them to discontinue the sale of liquors as medicines, argu- ing that as the Pharmacopoeia does not recognize these spirits, their importance as a part of a mod- em drug stock, at least from a professional view- point, is no longer paramount. The liquor situation has been one of the most unsatisfactory subjects with which the reputable druggist has had to deal, and the professional pharmacist who does not wish to have himself classed as a liquor dealer and the risks attending such sales, will vmdoubtedly en- dorse the action of the Pharmacopceial Revision Committee. INSTRUCTION IN ACCOUNTING In no other human activity do we observe the same diversified demand upon the capacity of an individual as we find in the ease of the pharmacist who finds his vocation in the typical drug store, whether as owner or as employe. Scientific understanding and technical skill the dispensing pharmacist must have to a high degree. He must be able to read and follow the physician's prescription with unerring exactitude ; he must have the skill of the chemist who works among deadly things, which in medicinal quantities are to be consumed by the ill and feeble ; and finally, he must write the label and tie the package. It is a vocation which in itself requires years of training and much experience. The pharmacist who confines his activities to the compounding of prescriptions is today, however, the exception. He must be able and willing in the majority of cases to turn without loss of time fi'om the mortar and pestle to the supervision or ])os- sibly the operation of the soda fountain; lu' must take care of customers all the way iVoni tlic man who wishes to visit over the purchase of a cigar to the mother who is deciding upon the relative merits of baby foods; and he must bo in-cparcd to rciiinNr offending cinder from tlic eye and to ("xlcnd riiici'rrency hospital facilities until the am- bulaiKM' ari-i\i's. Finall\ ihf ]iliarmacist must conduct a busi- ness. Ill Hi ,li r 1.1 succeed as a proprietor or intelli- gently 1m r.ii 1 , ,Mii ill,' work of an assistant he must be adisi iiinm.inn- luiyor. In a business which mav range Inmi that (if a dispensing pharmacist to one that sells paints, photographic suppUes and confections, the pharmacist must exercise discrimin- ation as to the classes of what is bought as weU as to the merits of different articles within each class. The commercial side of the drug business is receiving more emphasis everj' day. The phar- macist must know how to sell well, and this selling ability involves the handling of hundreds of items about which he received no training whatever in his early days behind the prescription counter or in his college curriculum. No other calling requires such a diversified knowl- edge as does the ordinary practice of pharmacy. And, above all, if the pharmacist would make money at his profession, or business, he must know accounting — buying, selling, costs and profits. The theoretical training afforded in most colleges of pharmacy has been without any reference to this important phase of the business, and it is signifi- cant that the leading schools have lately recognized the need. The New York CoUege of Pharmacy Avill next year establish a course in drug store ac- counting as a regular part of its instruction. Greater business capacity will surely be developed by students who pursue this new work industriously. NARCOTIC LAW AND PRESCRIBING Data tending to show the effect of the Harrison narcotic law upon the number of prescriptions are interesting at this time, for in some quarters there has been considerable discussion as to the probable increase or decrease of narcotic prescriptions in pro- portion to the total number of prescriptions com- pounded in the average pharmacy since the opera- tion of the law. A short time ago we printed a series of statistics on this subject, which were com- piled by Prof. Worthley F. Rudd, of the Medical College of Virginia, and which represent the actual figures obtained from an examination of the pre- scription files of eleven pharmacies of Richmond. From the data submitted it would appear that the enforcement of the Harrison Act has had a ten- dency to increase the number of prescriptions since INIarch 1, at least in that part of the country. Definite information along this line is needed if one is to understand the full effect of the law upon the practice of medicine and pharmacy, and upo:i tlie country at large, and the suggestion that simi- lai- in vest igatidus be undertaken in other sections (>r the coiuitry sliould be acted upon. TVe have been told by more than one pharmacist that the new law had helped the prescription business greatly as to the total number compounded, and that some physicians now prefer to prescribe rather than to directly dispense and be compelled to make a recoi-d thereof. In other sections, the reported experiences of dispensers tend to show a lessening in tl'" total number of prescriptions filled as coin- pared with the number filled for corresponding ])eriods of innnediately preceding yeai-s. The an- swer to tliis inquiry is bound to come, but a year at least will be required to compile data which shall represent a comprehensive study of the subject. AUGL-ST. 191 3 J THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 333 Picking Things to Push Success of Druggists in Selecting Proritable Specialties Determines the Measure of Their Prosperity in These Days By W. F. FRENCH ^^"V yO; I'm not mistaken — Hermiston has failed. At the 1^ creditors meeting held a couple of nights ago his ^ creditors couldn't see any other way out; they could not afford to take a chance on him. We stand to lose a few hundred ourselves." The salesman spoke in a quiet. matter-of-f;ict tone, appar- ently unaware of the bomb he had rxploil,.! "But." was the druggist's puzzKd L iMn i, !-. ■'there's not a better pharmacist in the city, ami I \rry much doubt if Pick the profit-getters and push them hard. there are many chemists here with a broader knowledge of the science." "True," replied the salesman. "He's all that; but still he is not a good druggist. The dictionary tells us that a druggist is a dealer in drugs. He used to be but he isn't any more — except incidentally. The real money makers in the drug ' store are no longer drugs. To be successful now the drug- gist must also be a regular merchant, picking those special- , ties in which there is profit and pushing them in a business- like way. "Dr. Hermiston is not a business man — and his creditors ^ know it. That's why they won't throw good money after \ bad trying to help him out of his trouble, h "With Dr. Hermiston's knowledge of chemistry — his ability I to compound preparations — he was able to meet the require- t ments of the trade and run his prescription business along ' efficient and money-making lines; but unfortunately the profits I from that end were not big enough or numerous enough to w offset the losses at the other. Where business judgment was , needed. Dr. Hermiston was at sea, and worst of all, he i didn't know how to pick things to push. He didn't know how ' to handle the money-makers." The salesman who made these observations spoke from ' a long experience with a wholesale drug house carrying the I accounts of thousands of druggists on its books. His work (■ brought him into close touch with druggists of almost every ' type and condition and gave him an intimate insight into the ( ups and downs of the business. He had seen big stores i; dwindle and disappear as others rose from insignificant bfgin- I nings to positions of prominence. The workings of the chain [i store were unfolded before his eyes and he saw its exact i> science supplant the haphazard methods of the careless indi- li vidual druggist. He had followed closely the development of J the drug store from an apothecary shop to a modern public convenience station, and realized how strongly the bu.siness ■ man had entrenched himself in the drug line. In sounding a warning to the druggists he says: "Here is a fact that it will pay every druggist in this country to keep in mind : If he expects to make money in the drug business he must pick the profit-getters and push them hard. W'ith the chain store, the department store and the large independent downtown drug store all cutting prices on staples — and gathering up the slack by increased sales on specialties — the wide-awake city druggist of today realizes that unless he picks winners and pushes them he will soon be checking up his stock with a member of the creditors' committee. "The soda fountain is the almost universal life preserver and it is difficult to estimate how many druggists this profit- producer is floating right now. Their name is legion. Of course, there are other lines that will yield almost as steady a 'profit shower' as the soda fountain, but it takes care and thought to pick them. "Give an example of specialty pushing? All right. I'll tell you how a druggist in a little town in Illinois does business. One day while in his town I happened to be short of cur- rency and I naturally asked him to cash a little check for me. Before I could get a pen from my pocket he had slipped one into my hand. I used it and found it to be smooth. A "Way of Selling Fountain Pens "'That pen's pretty good, isn't it?' he asked me as I handed him the check. " 'It seems to flow perfectly and is as smooth as silk,' I said. " 'Sure ! You've named it. And it will work better in a few days. I want you to take that with you, and the next time you come to this town tell me about it.' ''I had to laugh at this. He was trying to sell me the pen and I had a half dozen about me somewhere right at that minute. I told him so, but he was insistent. " 'You may have two dozen and not have one like this. Take it with you and try it. That's all I ask.' I did — and the next time I came to his town I paid the retail price for that pen. Every neighborhood has its peculiarities, its special -uants. "That was his way of pushing the sale of fountain pens — by having one always ready for a customer and by testing them out thoroughly himself first to be sure they are per- fect. The result is that his fountain pen business nets him a very desirable profit each year — and that's not all. To prac- tically every man he sells a fountain pen he sells a good many 334 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [August, It) 15 The soda fountain is the almost universal lije-savzr. bottles of fountain pen ink — an ink that carries a good sub- stantial profit with it. That's the way one man I know pushes a specialty." Success in Picking Winners It is the belief of this salesman — and the city and coun- try druggists interviewed concur in his opinion — that the success of the average druggist depends largely upon his ability to select specialties which will meet with ready sale and net a reasonable profit. But it is also his conviction that the average druggist does not prove himself very shrewd in this respect and is apt to ignore the .dollar-drawing specialties entirely or else select them without discrimination. "Too much care and thought cannot be given to the choice of articles that a store intends to push," exclaimed the man- ager of a progressive drug store which has grown extremely popular in a certain itsidentia! district. "The class of goods featured does much in the forming of a customer's impres- sion of a store. There is a world of profit in specialties for the druggist who knows his business. If I were advising a young druggist I should unhesitatingly urge him to study the stocks of the larger drug stores with a view to learning how to pick the sensible specialties that the public wants, and how to present them in an attractive manner. "Then I should make plain to him the advantage of featur- ing a variety of profit-getters one at a time, always at the right time and not too long at a time. A hundred sugges- tions vaguely hinted at have not the force of one plainly and advantageously set forth. The very number of specialties displayed in some stores tends to confuse the buyer rather than guide him. "I should try to drive home the fact that it is easily pos- sible to have 'too much of a good thing,' or to create the im- pression that you have. If a customer sees a counter or table heaped with the same goods every time he enters a store he is bound to conclude that the druggist has over-bought and is loaded down with ;i stock of stale goods. Even though this .stock is turned over daily, if it is kept too long in one place it will leave a bad impression. "The efficient merchant will create a desire for his specialties ; he will make the possible customer think about an article that he would not think of buying if he were not adroitly re- minded of its existence and desirability by the merchant. An effective display of the goods will often do this — and the display may be backed uj) by special sales effort. But do not expect a display to rn.iin its novelty, freshness and power to interest the publi( in.l. Iinitcly any more than you would expect a bottle of selt/.cr t« retain its strength if left un- corked. "Feature a specialty as a headliner for only a few days, after wlii. li U imnlil be retired to a less conspicuous space in f:i\^,' --.1, profit-getter. Later it may be again 1^ - lU.uv one arliicle to occupy the choirr di-pl . , ilir store after it has ceased to be a novelty is poor policy." Maintains a Specialty Table Visits to a number of progressive city and country stores proved the wisdom of this man's words. One drug store in the heart of Chicago's loop maintains a small specialty table from which is sold several hundred dollars worth of different specials each week. No feature is allowed to monopolize this table more than two days at a time. Within a short distance of this store is one link of a chain that transacts millions of dollars worth of business a year and with whom the specialty business is a science. Here the rule of changing features at lezist twice a week is strictly followed. Care is taken to avoid featuring the lines being pushed at that time by other links of the chain. This em- phasizes the necessity of pushing the things not featured by a neighbor. In reply to a question regarding the best lines to push a successful druggist said : "There are really so many things that will bring drug- gists satisfactory profits if they are intelligently pushed that it seems unnecessary to mention them. Off hand, however, I would say that the soda-fountain, cameras and photographic supplies, perfumes, toilet articles and candies are perhaps the star performers on the credit side of the ledger. "But don't quote me as saying that all a druggist need do is to put in a stock of specialties and then sit back and watch the money come in. The truth is far from that. First I he must be druggist enough to know real value when he sees it ; next he must be merchant enough to know what his I neighborhood wants, or can be made to want; and lastly he must be business man enough to handle the whole proposi- tion in a business-like manner. He must be able to put his finger on the profit-getters and to eliminate the deadheads. "The druggist that studies the habits, the tastes and the needs of his neighborhood, the lines carried by his competi- tors and the specialties available and then carefully makes his choice is the man that is going to pick the things that will respond to intelligent pushing. Profits do not come to the druggist that ignores the special requirements of his neighborhood or puts in a line of specialties that is already firmly established in nearby stores. "And I want to tell you that every neighborhood has its peculiarities — its very especial urants. While a first-class druggist can educate the trade to accept certain articles and create a demand for his goods, he is going to get a jok if he fails to consider the particular needs of his community and stocks his store with goods of a character not selected for their local desirability. It's the druggist that gets in tune with his neighborhood, who caters to their wants and who anticipates their fads and whims that builds a good bank account." Art Materials as Side Line As an example of community trade building I will cite the case of a little drug store in Chicago, just off Michi- gan avenue, close to the Art Institute and the musical col- leges, that has built up a profitable sideline in art materials and little things that the musician wants; violin and man- dolin strings, mandolin picks, blank music sheets already ruled, chewing gum, lozenges and candies. And just around the comer is another which might reasonably be called a woman's store. This store specializes in toilet articles, van- ity cases, silver pencil holders, tiny silver backed mirrors, chamois skins, perfumes, candies and soda specialties. In the heart of Broadway's theatre district in New York City a progressive drug store does a thriving business in supplying the wants of the theatrical profession. One could hardly imagine the stock of this store being sold in the Bark Bay district of Boston — or in the heart of Philadel- phia. But the players in New York find it convenient and really dictate its line. A drug store in one of the scenic towns of Wisconsin makes about two-thirds of its profit during the summer months selling souvenirs, post cards and pictures of its near-by beauty spots. And the druggists in almost any mecca for sight-seers will find such articles — and also kodak films and dollar watcJies quick sellers. The Wilson avenue neighborhood in Chicairo is almost t summer resort, and during the hot months its beaches are crowded. In the drug store windows there kithine suits» caps, stockings and slippcr^ water-wings, cork balls — ar.d August, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL EKA 335 even tango shoes — have contested the existence of drug arti- cles. And in that neighborhood the many drug stores have put the soda fountain business on a scientilic art basis that is nowhere surpassed. Pushing Ice Cream Specialties Every conceivable dainty of the soda fountain is offered, and in the little glass-topped serving tables are exhibited beautiful imitations of the various dishes that can be had. In one of these stores a waitress told me that two out of every three parties that sat at the table in which was dis- played the pecan nut sundae would place a straight order for that special. Customers that ordinarily ordered ten cent .sodas found that the twenty and twenty-five cent dainties under the glass made an appeal which could not be resisted. And on several occasions I, myself, have fallen a delighted victim to this method of pushing ice cream specialties. Perhaps a contrast would not be amiss here. In the same neighborhood there is a diug store which displayed in these glass-topped serving tables a neat tray of hair brushes and combs. To some this display might prove attractive but it did not appeal favorably to me. I cannot say whether they are still following this policy as I have not been there since. Almost every country druggist knows of the profits to be gotten from a good line of stationery, from periodicals, from cameras and photographic supplies, from books from cigars, and from confectionery. But it took a druggist in a little Illinois town to teach the farmers, fruif growers and gar- deners to spray and incidentally to build himself a business in spraying materials that nets him a handsome profit each year. .\nd his competitor has put in a supply of reliable fountain pens and created a market for them and for foun- tain pen ink. Perhaps the drug store's biggest stride toward the goal cf better merchandising lies in the distribution of various sets of books by the larger drug companies in the cities. While it is very difficult to obtain exact figures regarding the num- ber of sets of encyclopedias distributed by one Chicago drug concern it is safe to say that they put out more than ten thousand sets of several copies each. The sets were sold at such a low price that the drug company's profit on each book was but a few cents — but in the total it amounted to a large sum. Acting in Self-Defense A few years ago there was a distinct line drawn to show just what articles a drug store should handle and what arti- cles belong in the department store. But now the department stores handle practically everything that can be found in a drug store, and it is almost in self-defense that the drug store is compelled to widen the scope of its merchandise. The chain of stores that sold a hundred thousand cigars in one week has found a way to protect itself against the depart- ment store that sold several thousand dollars worth of per- fumes, soaps, tooth pastes and powders, cold creams and ntlier toilet articles over bargain counters m the same length of time. "With the chain and department stores to compete with in the cities and the mail order houses to buck in the coun- try the individual or independent drug store certainly need? at its head a man that knows how to pick and push the money makers that tlie public wants." The representative of a concern putting out a line of the most desirable drug specialties made this remark, and added: "I've heard druggists complain because all the worth-while specialities have been given ♦o their competitors, never stop- ping to realize that the concern making a specialty which is in demand can pick and choose the druggists with whom they place their line, and that the first chance is invariably given to the most up-to-date merchants. When the not-quite-awake druggist opens his eyes to the fact that we are instructed to offer our agencies only to the live druggists of a community — and should there be none, to withhold it altogether — he will understand that if he wants to keep his name above the door he must clean the cobwebs from his mind and store and get into the game like a business man." A glance into some of the department stores, notion stores and even grocery stores will convince the observer that many manufacturers of specialties normally handled in drug stores will not hesitate to place their agencies elsewhere if the druggists are not live merchants. This adds one more to the many reasons why .druggists should learn to pick and push specialties. Drug Swindlers Were Successful for Years A group of four clever drug svAndlers. From left to right they are: 1 Jacohson and last but not least, the brains of the organization, '. W. Ladd, Julius Cohn, alias Julius Kramer; William Adolph Jacohson, alias A. Jansen, alias Frost As briefly related in the July issue of The Pharmaceutical , Era, the sentence of seven years in the Atlanta penitentiary imposed recently by the United States District Supreme Court, New York, on .\dolph Jacobson, aged 64, white-haired and : venerable of appearance, marks the climax, and possibly the , end, of a gigantic swindling system that stretched over twenty \ years or so and netted its perpetrators $500,000 or more in ' goods, some of which was drugs. Jacobson pleaded guilty I of using the mails to defraud, as did his son, William, who got five years, and Julius Cohen and G. C. Mitchell, his son's 1 employes, who received one year and a fine of $100 respec- tively. Harry Fischman, formerly connected with a company calling itself the General Export and Commission Company, of New York, a name chosen in imitation of a reputable firm in that city, and with a company known as the B. W. Ladd Company, of Springfield, Mass., also in imitation of a well known concern, is another member of the gang who is now residing on Blackwcll's Island. Two or three more men are under indictment and their case will come up in the Sep- tember term of the District Supreme Court. These swindlers by means of fly-by-night drug firms, have defrauded numerous wholesalers of stocks varying in value from small amounts to $400 or more. 336 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [August, 1915 Inversion of Cane Sugar in Syrun * By JOSEPH L. MAYER IN an article on "Fallacious Tests for Glucose in Cane Sugar Syrup,"t I showed that syrup made according to the official formula by the hot process did not contain more than a very faint trace of reducingr sugar, but which after having been put in a cool dark place and stored for five months in a corked bottle, yielded a very heavy precipi- tate of cuprous oxide when tested with Fehling's solution, indicating that much of the cane sugar had been inverted. The tests made at that time being qualitative only, the thought recently occurred to me to make a series of quantitative tests to determine exactly how much of the cane sugar was converted into reducing sugar and the following work was there- fore undertaken. On January 28, 1915, 1000 c.c. of syrup were made, the directions on page 435 of the U. S. P. VIII for the cold percolation process being followed and on the same day lOOG c.c. of syrup were made by the method on page 435 of the U. S. P. VIII for the hot process, each sample being placed in a sterilized glass stoppered bottle. The syrup made by percolation had a specific gravity of 1.3148 at 25° C, while the sample made by the hot pro- cess had a specific gravity of 1.3126. A quantity of syrup from each bottle was immediately weighed in tared 100 c.c. graduated flasks and water added to make 100 c.c. The reducing sugar in 50 c.c. of this solution was determined by the following method of Walker and Munson : (1) Preparation of Solutions and Asbestos (A) Solutions.— Use solutions (a), and (6), and (c) as given on page 42, under Soxhlet's modification of Fehling's solution. (B) Asbestos. — Prepare the asbestos, which should be the amphibole variety, by first digesting with 1 ;3 hydrochloric acid for two or three days. Wash free from acid and digest for a similar period with soda solution, after which treat for a few hours with hot alkaline copper tartrate solution of the strength employed in sugar determinations. Then wash the asbestos free from alkali, finally digest with nitric acid for several hours, and after washing free from acid shake with water for use. In preparing the gooch crucible, load it with a film of asbestos one-fourth inch thick, wash this thoroughly with water to remove fine particles of asbestos; finallv wash with alcohol and ether, dry for thirty minutes at 100 deg. C, cool in a desiccator and weigh. It is best to dissolve the cuprous oxide with nitric acid each time after weighing and use the same felts over and over again, as they improve with use. (2) Determination Transfer 25 c.c. each of the copper and alkaline tartrate solutions to a 400 c.c. Jena or non-sol beaker and add 50 c.c. of reducing sugar solution, or, if a smaller volume of sugar solution be used, add water to make the final volume 100 c.c. Heat the beaker upon an asbestos gauze over a Eun- son burner, so regulate the flame that boiling begins in four minutes, and continue the boiling for exactly two minutes. Keep the beaker covered with a watch-glass throughout the entire time of heating. Without diluting, filter the cuprous oxide at once on an asbestos felt in a porcelain gooch crucible, using suction. Wash the cuprous oxide thoroughly with wa- ter at a temperature of about 60 deg. C, then with 10 c.c. of alcohol, and finally with 10 c.c. of ether. Dry for thirty minutes in a water oven at 100 deg. C, cool in a desiccator and weigh as cuprous oxide. .N. B. — The number of milligrams of copper reduced by a given amount of reducing sugar differs when sucrose is present and when it is absent. In the tables following the ab.sence of sucrose is assumed except in the two columns under invert sugar, where one for mixtures of invert sugar and sucrose (0.4 gram of total sugar in ,=^0 r.c. of solution) and one for invert sugar and sucrose when the 50 c.c. of solution con- tains 2 grams of total sugar are given, in addition to the col- •Presented at the New York State Pharmaceutical Association lune 29, 191S. tDruggist Circular. Feb., 1902. d. 27. umn for invert sugar alone. (U. S. Dept. of Agr., Bur. of Chem., Bull. 107, rev., page 241 and 242.) The cold percolation process sample contained .174 per cent invert sugar. The hot process sample contained .138 per cent invert sugar. The cane sugar from which the syrups were made was tested by the same method and contained .111 per cent invert sugar, thus indicating that in the process of making the samples very little inversion had taken place. The syrups (all samples were prepared on Jan. 28, 1915) were then placed in a cool dark place, samples being taken from them at frequent intervals and tested with the follow- ing results: Per Cent of In- vert Sugar o„ Cold Hot Jan. 28, 1915 174 .138 Feb. 10, 1915 172 .171 Feb. 25, 1915 292 .170 March 9, 1915 559 .401 March 23, 1915 1.123 1.061 April 2, 1915 1.807 1.595 April 9, 1915 2.029 1.905 April 15, 1915 2.367 2.354 May 6, 1915 3.411 3.566 May 19, 1915 4.978 4.735 June 3, 1915 6.586 5.751 These remarkable results not only disprove the statement very frequently made that in making syrupus by the hot pro- cess much of the sugar is inverted, a statement which my original article above referred to disproved, but they also con- clusively show that in making the samples by either the cold or hot process practically no inversion takes place. The an- alyses also show that upon standing the sugar in both sam- ples becomes inverted, the inversion being greater in the cold process syrup than in the syrup made by the process in which heat is employed. I am still at work on the samples and hope in my next paper on the subject to report further results of the investigation. Old Labels and Cartons May Be Used Until Jan. Time for Making Change to Conform with New Laws Governing Net Weights is Extended by Agricul- tural Department. The Department of Agriculture has decided to extend vmtil January 1, 1916, the privilege of using labels and cartons print- ed prior to May 11, 1914, which do not state the quantity of the contents of packages of food in terms of the largest unit as Food Inspection Decision Xo. 154 holds that they should, providing the quantity of the contents is otherivise plainly and correctly indicated. For example, it is not proper, under Food Inspection Decision Xo. 154, to mark a package "Contents 26 Fluid Ounces" ; the package should be marked "One and five- eighths pints" or "one pint 10 fluid ounces." The purpose of this decision is to compel quantities to stated in the form most readily intelligible to most persons, order to avoid the waste of a large number of labels and a tons, however, which had been printed before this decision w issued, the Department agreed some time ago to permit the t of such labels and cartons which although they did not compl; with the regulations in this respect, were otherwise satisfactory had been printed prior to May 11, 1914, and indicated an hon- est attempt to comply with the provisions of the law. The present decision extends the time to which these lab ^ may be used from June 1, 1915, to Januar>- 1, 1916, the addi' tional time being granted for the purpose of enabling manufao turers and dealers in food products to dispose of their stoci of labels and to avoid the loss which the immediate enforce ment of the regulations in this respect would cause. Untl January 1, 1916, therefore, the Department will not reccnn mend proceedings solely upon the charge that the statement quantity of contents on the package, if otherwise satisfactory, i not in terms of the largest unit in the package. August, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 337 Building Retail Drug Business by Mail Organizing the Work On a Practical Basis To Attract Customers Into the Store-One Man Should Have Charge T By CARL C. IRWUST (Copyright 1915 by Carl C. Irwin.) HE idea of usiii.ir the mails to build irasiness ij= a tremendously live issue to every retailer. It is not a thing to play with. Instead it is weapon to fight the two greatest forces which are threatening to drive the smaU store out of business. The first of these forces is the concentra- tion of trade in the largest towns. People have always pre- ferred to trade from the very beginning. Better transporta- tion facilities, both, in getting the people to the larger towns and in getting the goods from there to the people, are simply making it possible for the people to do as they have always wished. Unless the small town merchant makes some radical change in his service to the customer or in his solicitation for trade, there are going to be a few big stores in the larg- est town in the country, while the small town stores will sup- ply merel.y the trinkets and the things people have to have in a hurry. The second destructive force confronting the r,mall retailer is the inefficiency of his present distributing machine. Almost any druggist would be tickled to death to close his store several hours a day when trade is quiet and keep open the other hours if he could, stop the expense while the store ivas closed. His problem is how to capitalize the idle Bringing the store to the public. time of his clerks; how to make his stock turn during the dull hours and seasons Idea is Applicable Anywhere Owing to the flexibility of the methods which are used to build business by mail, the idea is applicable to any drug store, no matter where the store is located or what size it may be. The confectionery department of a big New York store, with the aid of the splendidly-equipped mail-order division of the advertising department, may very profitably spend sev- eral hvmdred dollars in the operation of a sixteen page four- color booklet of candies which will draw business from every part of the first and second parcel post zones. Proportionately, a druggist in Pilot Point, Texas, can be just as successful and spend less than ten dollars on a simple mailing folder which he and his clerks can prepare them- selves during spare time, and which will illustrate and de- scribe his candies to 150 young women in his trade territory. The small druggist is limited by his assortment of "roods and by the few entertainment features his town affords visitors, to a much smaller advertising appropriation than the big store in the city teeming with things to see. But there is absolutely no limit to the frequency with which literature may be profitably mailed from any size store. Both the small and the large store keep open seven days a week to sell to the people who voluntarily come to the store. Is there any good reason why both stores should why not use the mails seven days a week to take their store to the people? Once it is established that the building-retail-busincss-by- mail idea is not merely a big store instrument, but that it is even more vitally necessary to the small store, the question of the organization of this work is next in order. Involves Every Person in the Store As the basic idea of building retail business by mail is periodically taking part of the stock or an illustration of description of it to the people by mail, it involves every per- son in the store and to a certain extent it becomes everyone's business. But what is everyone's business is no one's business. Some- one must have charge of the work, get the co-operation of all the others and be responsible for the outcome of the efforts. As printing and advertising play the important parts, the logical head should be the advertising department or in small stores, the person who has been in the habit of getting out the advertising. But building retail business by mail is not by any means a one man proposition. It is every person's duty to assist the head of the work. For example, a small store with no regular advertising de- partment may have a floor clerk who, of all the other clerks, writes the smoothest, most convincing advertisement letters; but when preparing a form letter on prescriptions, it is best for the floor clerk to have the prescription clerk talk to him about the character of his work as if to one of the customers, take the conversation down, straighten it out and have the let- ters signed by the prescription clerk. That's the kind of co- operation needed in every department. Also it should not be the duty of the advertising man t« originate all the new plans and schemes. The head of every department knows his stock better than any one else; he knows to whom each article will appeal most strongly and it should be his duty to suggest new lists or subdivisions of the general list and the goods most likely to interest each class of people. The cigar department may be overstocked on certain brands of cheap cigars; it is the duty of the cigar clerk to suggest to the advertising man that these could be sold to certain classes of men who buy cheap cigars. It would then be the duty of the advertising man to collect the list of names of these men and go after them to come to the store to buy the overstocked brands. The large city store naturally has a highly developed mail- order department, usually under the supervision of the ad- vertising manager. Here a force of people get out catalogs, booklets, form let- ters and direct-mail literature of all descriptions. Young women constantly add to or weed out the plates or index cards of the great classified mailing list. The clicking of many typewriters, the steady grind of print- ing presses, duplicate letter machines, make it one of the busiest places in the big store. The great advantage of direct-mail machinery and the fast- growing tendency for all stores doing a reasonable amount of direct-mail work to install it, has brought forth scores of de- vices to help the druggist build his business by mail. 338 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [August, 19li The local printer will answer in the beginning. So in many of the medium and smaller sized stores one finds a miniature of the big store's mail-order department. It may consist of but a single typewriter, a card index cabi- net and a machine for printing typewritten letters and other forms of direct-mail literature, but it does all the necessary work for that size store and is just as successful in its measure as is the big city store. Building retail business by mail requires much printing. Direct-mail machinery, now on the market, enables the drug- gist to do his own printing, fac-simile letter and advertising work at a saving, in private and without delay. So in the organization of the work of building retail busi- ness by mail in the stores having an advertising department, direct-mail machinery is one of the first things to consider. But in the small store or in the stores not having a regular advertising manager, the local printer will answer in the beginning. As the benefits of the work become apparent, there will surely develop a need for direct-mail machinery, just as there is now a need for the cash register, the bundle car- rier, the computing scales and the like. Therefore in the organization of the work in the small store, the first consideration should be how to get the adver- tising literature properly prepared to print. In other words, there must be an advertising man if any business is to be built by mail. This doesn't mean that the small drug store is to be barred from building its busine.ss by mail. It does mean, though, that where there is no advertising man now, one must be hired or created. Develop or Hire a Special Man Stores which have felt tliemselves just a little too small to justify the services of a trained advertising man, will, if they enter the direct-mail field, be able to reap profit by hir- ing one. The owner of a very small store can satisfactorily prepare his advertising literature by studying advertising himself or by permitting one of his clerks to take up the work. Every druggist and every experienced clerk has spent a good deal of time studying how to handle people who come to the store. In the new game of taking the store to the people, there is going to be a need for study, too. But as advertising is salesmanship on paper and the druggist and his clerks have already learned how to exploit the good points of the merchandise they of all people are the quickest to learn the fundamentals of advertising. There is much easily accessible advertising information for the druggist. There are a number of good correspondence school courses, scores of books on general advertising, retail advertising, form letters and other subdivisions of the sub- ject in general. Then there is the great mass of good sales letters, book- lets, folders and circular letters which come in almost every mail ; there are the numerous papers and magazines and so on — all these are full of suggestions and illustrations of good copy which can be easily revised to apply to the druggist's own particular needs. The actual work of building business by mail is really the greatest teacher of them all. Best Advertising Verdict of Neighbors One druggist explains this as follows: "The best adver- tising teacher in the world is the verdict of my own neigh- bors. Every time I have what I think is a fine form letter prepared to go to a thousand people, instead of investing my money right then and there, I send it to fifty names as a test. The result tells me better than anything else could, whether to go ahead with the remainder of the list or to write a new letter approaching them from a different angle. "I keep a scrap book of every piece of direct-mail I've ever sent out with the record of the expense and traceable results. I study the failures to find my mistakes and the successes to find the words and sentences that pulled the business." Having decided upon the person to take charge of the work, the next step is to make it everyone's business to help succeed. An Oklahoma City store calls all the department heads to- gether once a month for a direct-mail meeting at which the advertising man presides. At this meeting, everything which has been done through the mail the past month, becomes public property. One by one each piece of advertising literature is taken up and discussed. Thus, every department manager becomes familiar with the work which can be of so much benefit to his department, and he takes a great interest in suggesting articles in his stock which can be exploited through the mail. A store in Tennessee conducts a monthly prize contest, open to every member of the sales force. There are two sets of prizes: one for the best ideas for getting the names of various classes of people to which certain items are necessaiy; the other to those who suggest the items which prove the greatest trade magnets when advertised through the mails. Start (J monthly prize contest for employes. August, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 339 Learning from the Department Store 3y C. REINOD NOTES* Oi Noyes Bros. & Cutler, Si. Paul. What Mr. Noyes Says: There is no retail business which requires depart-| mentizing as much as the drug business. Price is the governing consideration for most people in making a purchase. Mark prices plainly. Too many druggists spend their time with salesmen and not with customers. The average druggist to be a success need not be a very clever buyer; but he must be a clever seller. Whatever is to the interest of the retailer is to the interest of the wholesaler with whom he does his busi- ness. I am firmly convinced that it is to the interest of the retailer to buy "small and often." I believe th^ wholesale druggist should take this up as a propaganda C. R. XovEs, St. Paul, Mixx. for the interest of his customers. rHERE is a general disposition to assume that a small business cannot be run on the same principles as a large business — that the two things are entirely different prop- \ sitions and need different methods and treatment. There is no question but that there is some truth in this )mmon assumption. But I believe it is very much over-esti- I ated and that in reality, were an attempt made in more ;ises to develop on a small scale the same principles of man- jement that have proved so successful on a large scale, we ! ould see a vast increase in the volume of business transacted rough the retail merchants of the small towns and cities. It is certainly not possible to lay down any rules that can 1^- adopted whole by the small store in the very small town, ! id by the larger store in the large town. The characteristics j different men, different trade, different localities, vary so ?ach that any plans of this kind must be changed to suit [e local conditions. However, it is not impossible that l^ch merchant, no matter what his circumstances, should be jiving toward the same end, only adapting the means to I : conditions under which he is operating. With that idea j mind I am going to attempt to bring to you some thoughts I lich I hope you may find suggestive. " Departmentizing a Business I What are the leading features of the department store ;nagement which have produced in the last half century i : astounding development in this type of merchandising? ^ First and foremost I would place the plan which is expressed ••the name itself, the plan of departmentizing a business. ; e grouping together of a great variety of merchandise in j : place where the public may come and reasonably expect I satisfy every oidinary want, is the foundation of the I lartment store. But it is not a hodge-podge of merchandise I . hout arrangement or system. It is a compound organism, \ , :iposed of complete and independent parts. It is as much I aggregation of small business concerns as one might find ' an arcade, and it has the efficiency which can only be lined by dealing in a systematic but minutely detailed '■ion with large aggregations of men or things. I paper read at the recent convention of the Iowa State Phar- ' t uical Association. Does this seem to you absolutely inconsistent with the smaller scale business which you own or manage? There is no retail business which requires departmentizing as much as does the drug business. Few of you are any longer phar- macists. You handle many side lines. You are managing a composite business. You have the making of many depart- ments in your stores now, but most of you are handling every item of your merchandise on the same basis as every other. Who of you knows whether he is giving space to a side line which is losing him money? Methods of Attracting Trade The second great element in the success of the department store is, I believe, their method of attracting trade. They have succeeded in making two sales grow where one grew before, in increasing the wants of the community and in rais- ing the standard of living of the American public. What have their methods been? The first is advertising. You expect the department store to take a page in the daily paper and fill it with news of what you can buy and at what prices. Do you take an eighth page in your weekly paper and fill it with any of the same sort of news? More of you do than did ten years ago, but there are still too many who think that advertising consists in publishing their names and the place where they may be found — waiting for customers, instead of waiting on customers. Advertising to the consumer should be news — news of what you have new, or special, or on advantageous terms. It should be a reminder of the change of the seasons and a suggester of the wants that the public may or should have. Do not leave your customers to do their own thinking. The plan of special sales and cut prices, is the department store's effort to appeal to that human nature which in the time of our forefathers haggled and bargained over every business transaction. Special sales, and cut prices give people an opportunity to buy something to a little better advantage and they always fall for it. You can adopt this method without becoming a cut-rate drug store. You can adopt it without infringing on any of the provisions of the Stevens' bill, which we hope will be 340 TI-IE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [August, 1915 passed at the next session of Congress. You can appease that human nature without making your pocket books suffer. You can do this by keeping your eyes open for advantageous pur- chases and then turning around and giving the advantage to your customers instead of pocketing all the saving yourself. You can cut the prices on non-trade-marked articles here and there occasionally. You can play up your leaders just as the department store does, and still if you select them wisely enough you can retain your regular margin of profit. The Science of Display The department store has made a science out of the display of merchandise, both in the show windows and on the counter. Are you making an effort to follow in its foot-steps? Do you arrange your stock so that it may be inspected by a pros- pective purchaser to the best advantage, or largely with the idea of having it convenient for you to get at when it is sold? My impression of the average retail di^g store is very strongly one of confusion. I do not mean by this disorderli- ness, but a lack of arrangement and an overcrowding of display which harms rather than helps the effect. Classify your goods carefully and do not show too many. A surplus stock would better be kept out of sight. And please remember one other thing — price is the govern- ing consideration for most people in making a purchase. Therefore, do not put your prices on the articles in hiero- glyphics. Mark them plain so that in examining the goods your customers can see plainly what you are going to charge them. If the price is a good price, put a big price card on it, as the department store does. The department store attracts trade by an intelligent ar- rangement of the store itself and of the stock. Have you ever gone into a department store on the day of a big sale and noticed where it is staged? If the management knows its business the sale is in the very center of the store, and as far away from the door as it is possible to place it. As you wander through the maze of aisles to reach your objective, you are confronted on all sides with attractive and enticing displays of merchandise, and it will be a wonder if you get in and out without seeing other articles which you want and which you buy. Do the druggists do this? Soda Fountain at Rear of Store I have seen one drug store, in Hot Springs, S. D., where the soda fountain was placed at the point where you usually find the prescription case. This man had the right idea. The crowd came to his fountain and while they were walking in and out and sitting in front of the fountain they saw the other merchandise which he carried. He told me that he thought it was very effective in helping him to make sales. Most of you have your fountain already in the store and could not consider such a change, but you can adopt some of the features and secure some of the advantages of this arrange- ment by having in front of your prescription case a table on which your special sales are displayed. This idea is to draw your customers to the back of your store. Such an idea is, of course, useless to practice unless your merchandise is so well displayed that all it requires to sell itself is an opportunity to show itself to the public. Methods of Selling The third element of the department store system from which you can learn much is their method of selling. In the first place much can be learned in studying the methods by which they handle their sales force. Some department stores are very deficient in this respect, but the greatest of them have found means to incite the enthusiasm of their employes and secure their loyalty and devotion. What your customers want is interest, attention, and courtesy on the part of you and your people. They usually do not want to be told what to buy, but they want to "shop," to look around and discuss the goods pro and con. They want you to take an interest in a matter that is of interest to them. After all it is their own money they arc spending and they have a right to be interested. In these two features lie the direct contact elements of the selling plan of the average department store — the sales peoples' attitude to their employer and to his customers — but there is another and bigger feature which usually develop.s out of the brain of some man in a little private office up in the corner of an upper story. He is planning for the customers' comfort and their convenience — rest rooms — tele- phones — he is speeding up the bundle wrapping, the making of change — he is working out the best and quickest delivery system and installing mail and telephone order departments- he is arranging a system to enable those who deserve it to secure credit, and to permit sales on approval to the very limit of safety. It is possible that occasionally at the end of the day when you are getting ready to close up, you should sit down at your desk and light a cigar and give a little thought to this subject of making it easy for people to buy. I believe you can find many suggestive ideas by contemplating what, the brains behind the department stores are doing in tbisi direction. Department Stores Buy Often The last thing that you can learn from the department store is their manner of buying. I do not mean to hint that the highly trained specialist who buys for the department store could not teach you many things about merchandise that you do not know, but simply this, that in the last analysis buying is the least important end of the business and should receive least attention. Too many druggists spend their time with salesmen and not with customers— devote their attenticm to the place where the money is going out instead of the place where it is coming in. The average druggist to be a big success need not be a very clever buyer. But he must be a clever seller. A little common sense, caution and con- servatism wiU buy goods for you, but it takes a lot moM than that to sell them. What is more, while you are devoting your time and atten- tion to selling merchandise, you learn quicker how and wha to buy than in any other way. It is usually best to allow your customers to do your buying for you just as far ai possible. "Small and Often" Buying The department store, as a general rule, is a "small am often" buyer. The public usually thinks differently becaus they read in the " newspapers various exaggerated statement about enormous purchases. It must be noted, however, tia these enormous purchases are generally offered for sale i once. If the department store does occasionally take on large quantity, it is usually for the one purpose of makin a big sale on that article at once, and cleaning it out : rapidly as possible. It is one of the complaints of the wholesale druggist i these days that the retailer is buying "small and often." is true that this has increased the expense of doing busine for the wholesaler. Yet I cannot but feel that such a con plaint is short sighted. Whatever is to the interest of tl retailer is to the interest of the wholesaler with whom 1 does his business. I am so firmly convinced that it is to tl interest of the retailer to buy "small and often." and to ( it a great deal more consistently than he generally does er now, that I believe the wholesale druggist should take tl up as his propaganda for the interests of his customers. Ai while he might thereby lose a little on his cost of doing bM ness, he would more than gain back his loss in the saving < bad accounts. I have been in many drug stores but in very few wh« I did not find the back room somewhat a graveyard. I hi often fancied that I could see a tombstone planted there ba ing the epitaph, "Here lied Tom Smith, the best little sai man that ever sold a big bill of goods — once." It is a ■ sad sight and I cannot observe that any antitoxin has as ; been found for this old plague. You will find that it usually necessary to have credentials with you in order to I a bill of goods to the buyer of a department store. The Heyday of Efliciency This is the day of efficiency, and efficiency in merchandisi as well as in everything else. Old-fashioned methods have chance in modern business competition. From the larg-.'st the smallest, keener and more thoughtful efforts are nec sary not only to get ahead, but to hola one's own. I fortunately we are not all pioneering. In tliis centur>- of pr ress some few are in the lead and we can follow by study the steps by which they have progressed. The pioneer in r« merchandising is the big department store and I hope t some of my efforts to point out the trail that they have bb will be of value to those who wish to follow in their footati August, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 341 Coffee 111 Drug Stores Is Profitable Pharmacies In Various Cities Find It Makes An Attractive Feature at Fountain and in Packages -1* PPAREXTLV ihe average corner druggist is passing up 1 good paying proposition when he overlooks the op- 1- portunities offered by the sale of package coffee. Dr. ■'iley, the pure food expert, is accredited with having in- ifined the public that the only place to purchase real good jffee is in a drug store, where, by the nature of the busi- es, everything is kept sanitary, pure and clean. ' Realizing the strength of this argument, the Associated rug Stores, at Seventh and G streets. Northwest, \\ashing- ^n, D. C, is using this commodity both for its advertising Ksibilities and the profit to be derived from the movement large quantities. .\ good drug business cannot necessarily * built up through the sale of coffee, but it is surprising how e sale of other goods can be stimulated by the handling of a .■od grade at a popular price. From the time this store was opened some few months ago, ffee has had a prominent place not only within the store, 'it in the semi-weekly newspaper advertisements, and the _isiness has grown to be an important figure in the day's ;les. CoflEee Sales Win Customers [in commenting upon the sale of coffee, and referring to [T. Wiley's contention, W. J. Cantwell, the store manager, [ited to a representative of The Era that "there is no rea- a why just as good coffee caimot be obtained from the cor- iT grocer, yet it is s'lrprising to note how many people are [lling for Dr. Wiley's advice. We sell a thirty-cent grade, liting us about seventeen cents, for nineteen cents a pound, j d we move from three to four hundred daily. At ap- i;oximately two cents a pound, this means a profit up to $8 1r day from this one article alone, to say nothing of the luable advertising the store receives from the satisfied users our brands. People come here from all sections of the city I buy their coffee, and many of these people would not ordi- I rily visit or patronize our store, because of the distance ■im their homes involving carfare, although they readily 'e this on other leaders as well. Naturally, we do not care f sell them coffee alone, for the two cents per pound profit is jrdly attractive enough to warrant our selling nothing else, j(isequently an effort is made to interest the customer in ! ne other goods. ''We also carry a good line of tea, cocoa, chocolate, honey, fidensed milk and spices. It is our practice to make a if-cial out of, say, spices on Saturday, offering the five-cent kJcages for four cents, and the ten-cent packages for eight f ts. We make similar specials of laundry soaps and of If.et soaps, and our business on all of these lines is e.xcep- pally heavy. Household Needs Good "Pullers" One scarcely realizes the pulling value of such household ds. There is something about a drug store which will at- ,n trade when articles of real bargain value are offered, us it is that it is seldom that a customer purchases a rial only. 'Now that the hot weather is with us, it is expected that ^ coffee sales will drop off somewhat and with this in view ! are pushing teas, although we will continue to feature 'ec right along." Mjisked how the coffee business was built up, Mr. Cantwell ' ed that three factors were responsible. The first and most i; lortant of these was quality, for the grade of coffee carried iJnot be excelled; second, the low price, for the grade is which usually brings thirty cents per pound in the gro- ' stores (it is roasted and packed in Washington), and, d, always reserving space for it in the store's advertise- »ts, in the store itself and in the windows. ft iht fountains during the past winter there was a notice- : increase in the demand for hot coffee, although as yet in sodas and milk shakes, coffee syrup is not much in evi- ce and few stores stock it. However, the demand all along the line is increasing and coffee in its several forms bids fair to become a most important factor in the business of Washington. Quality Will Sell Coffee Among the Baltimore druggists who have taken up package coffee as one of the lines of goods to be handled the Asso- ciated Drug Stores, with five establishments located in dif- ferent parts of the city, hold a prominent place. The Asso- ciated Drugr Stores began with the pharmacy at Franklin and Howard streets, and added the northeast corner of Lex- ington and Charles streets, the northeast corner of Park avenue and Lexington street, the north-east corner of Sara- toga and Eutaw streets, and one other place. Samuel Nat- tans, the general manager of the company, in discussing the coffee problem with a representative of The Era, said the primary question in handling coffee was the matter of quality. "You must have a good article," he said, "to get the con- fidence of the public. We aim to furnish a grade of coffee which generally retails at about 30 cents per pound for 19 cents. We advertise coffee in a modest sort of way, devot- ing a certain portion of our general space to this department, and we also make attractive window displays of coffee from time to time. I was in a way the originator of the idea, it having occurred to me that as a great number of people use coffee, many of whom have no real knowledge of what they are buying and depend entirely upon the representations of the dealer, it would be a good stroke for our stores to make a specialty of coffee. We began small, going .slowly at first, but the business grew rapidly, and at the present time we distribute about 9,000 pounds a month. Our patrons have faith in our judgment, and realize that we give them just exactly what we promise, and they continue to get their sup- plies of coffee from our stores. We engage intelligent and competent clerks, which is a very important matter and can- not be lost sight of. An incompetent clerk will drive custom away, while the intelligent attendant will attract buyers. Nat- urally, competent clerks demand higher pay than poor ones, but we have found that it is good business to pay well for efficient services. Coffee a Profitable Specialty Questioned about the value of coffee as a drawing card, Mr. Nattans said : "We have found coffee to be a line not only profitable of itself, but important as a means of attracting custom to our stores. The person who comes in to buy coffee will very prob- ably also want other things, and there is thus gradually estab- lished the habit of coming here for necessities which were for- merly satisfied at other places, perhaps a number of different ones. Our patrons find it a real convenience to have theiK requirements in the way of coffee met here, which saves them the trouble of going elsewhere, prompts them to depend on us more and more for a variety of articles and brings them in for drug store necessities. Of course, as stated, there must be quality and service, these two considerations beingf the cornerstone and foundation of the business, together with polite, and accommodating treatment on the part of the store force. We feel that we can save our patrons money on coffee by placing at their command not only our knowledge of goods, but also our resources for buying in quantities and sharing the benefits. And coffee, as a side line for drug stores, is still what might be called in its infancy. There is every pros- pect of the trade attaining far larger proportions. When ad- vertised in a judicious, though not extravagant way, and with groods that recommend themselves, package coffee is sure to be profitable, considered by itself, apart from its power as a feeder for the rest of the business." The Associated Drug Stores also in season furnish coffee at the soda fountains, and iced coffee is coming more and more to the front, sharing popularity with many of the other drinks. Mr. Nattans spoke encouragingly of the business of 342 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [August, 1915 serving coffee at the fountain, and said that the calls for the beverage were rapidly on the increase. Cincinnati Stores Sell Coffee Coffee as an article of profitable merchandise for drug- gists, both in the package and in its liquid form, has had ample trial with most of the stores of the Dow string, in Cincinnati, and the success of the trial is indicated by the fact that several of the downtown stores have the reputation of serving the best coffee in town with their noon-day lunches, while the management is preparing, after a lapse of several years, to return to the sale of package coffee as a regular line. "We did remarkably well with a line of coffee bearing a well-known brand a few years ago," stated A. M. Hopkins, gen- ral manager of the stores. "We handled it regularly, giving it space in our advertising, and selling it at a reasonably at- tractive and profitable price; and it went well for a long time. I am not quite sure why we stopped handling it, as we did; it may have been because the brand petered out in some way, or something else. Anyway, we did stop; but we only recently put in an order for a considerable quantity of coffee from a good house, and are preparing to handle it again. We will give it a good chance in our windows and advertising space, and I see no reason why it shouldn't make good. Druggists handle about everything else — we take care of even wider lines in our stores than do most druggists; and coffee, in a neat package, easy to handle and easy to sell, should be a promising line. "As to coffee prepared and ready to drink, served at the fountains, our downtown stores, all of which serve a variety of stuff as lunches, have been quite successful with it. They follow the same formula always, as a matter of course, and the assistants who take care of this end of the business are cautioned not to let the product deteriorate. We use first-class coffee in making the drink, and take every care to see that it is kept up to a proper standard. This takes some trouble, but the result is that it helps the lunch business appreciably, be- cause people come in just because they like our coffee." Serving CofiEee at the Fountain The reason why the druggist should — and in many cases does — serve coffee at his fountain, especially where he also serves a lunch, is plain enough. Many restaurant men finS it good business to advertise the excellence of their coffee, and thus draw business which would otherwise get away. If they do this without justification, of course, they will not hold their trade long; but if they make good, as they should, they will profit by it. This has been the experience of a number of druggists who have featured good coffee as an important item on their luncheon menus, and it is more than likely to be the experience of such others as take the same step. The retailing of package coffee should prove profitable, for the reasons pointed out by Mr. Hopkins. The goods are easy to handle, and deterioration is not rapid, if the package is properly sealed and purchases are made judiciously. As many successful men in the trade have pointed out, the drug- p;ist must keep his eyes open for new lines to handle; and the most successful druggist is the one who handles, and sells, the most "side lines." That is the best answer to the ques- tion of the druggist who wonders whether it would pay him to handle coffee. "CURE" AS NAME OF REMEDY TABOOED State Food Commissioner Clarence E. Harmon of Nebraska has directed drug inspectors to put "off sale" all proprietary medicines bearing the word "cure" on their labels, a course that is to be followed throughout the State. The Commissioner bases his ruling on the section of the Nebraska pure food and drugs law which defines as "misbranding" any "false or fraudulent" statement as to the nature of the contents of the package. In substantiation of his position he quotes Webster's Dictionary which defines "cure" "to heal or make well," and also "the complete removal of the disease." He does not regard the word "remedy" as broad a term as "cure" and will interpret the law so as to permit its use. It is predicted that manufacturers whp use the word "cure" as a part of the name of their prepa- rations will contest the Commissioner's ruling in the courts. BUSINESS EDUCATION FOR DRUGGISTS New York College of Pharmacy "Will Inaugurate Accounting Instruction in Fall Term The plan of the New York College of Pharmacy to include in its curriculum a year's work in business accounting, trad- ing, finance and such other subjects as are likely to be within the scope of the work of the graduate during his career, is frankly based upon the demands of the profession in the belief of Pace & Pace, New York City, the public account- ants, who will have charge of the instruction. "The problem will be," said Homer S. Pace to The Era, "not only to teach the graduate within a limited time such fundamental principles of trading as will enable him to add to his understanding with experience, but also at the same time to train him specifically in the forms of accounting and business procedures which are best suited to the needs of the drug store. "The system of instruction must avoid, on the one hand, the economic course which deals generally with the philosophy of trade but without specific vocational application, and, on the other hand, the commercial bookkeeping course which ig- nores laws and principles which in the long run will be of more value to tlie graduate than a mere knowledge of post- ing and taking a trial balance. "In order to provide the ideal course, we shall therefore ground the accounting and business procedures in economics without undue emphasis upon this subject. We shall define capital and show briefly its use in trade — particularly in retail merchandising, the manner in which it is secured, the nature of the return that may be expected thereon, and especially the accounting distinction between permanent capital needed for plant and fixtures, and the current capital which is to be turned over in the ordinary course of trade. We shall show the effect of the lack of permanent capital by the diversion of profit for equipment purposes. "We shall show that the values are known as assets, and that the assets may be divided into classes, such as cash, mer- chandise, fixtures, and into other suitable classifications. W« shall show that financial obligations rank against the assets, and that the excess of the assets over the liabilities is tht amount of invested capital. We shall treat these elemertJ in an accounting way as at the time of the beginning of a business. We shall show that at the end of the month or the year, as the case may be, a similar state of facts may be deter- mined. The progress or profit of the business for the perioc covered may be shown by a comparison of these elements. "The various bookkeeping methods, the principles of valua- tion, the necessity for bringing in all accrued items, and othei accounting necessities will be taken up incidentally. The treat ment of cash, the various mechanical appliances that may bi used as an aid to the accounting, the reconciliation of banl accounts, the matter of discounts, both from its economic cap- ital significance and from its bookkeeping bearing, and a hun dred and one other technical matters, which, rooted on fimda mental principles of trade, are a combination of the tech nical matters of accounting, finance, and organization, wil be given to the student as the course of study is developed. "Particularly, the red tape of involved and burdensome ac counting systems will be avoided, for such machinery neve can successfully be made a part of the procedure of th typical drug store. To that end, many a form or procedur which would be proper enough in a factory or in a larg department store will be left out of consideration, althoug the principle underlying the particular form may be shown i conjunction with the treatment of the matter from the simpl view-point of the retail pharmacist. Nashville to Have a R. D. A. Nashville, Tenn., druggists met in the rooms of the Bus ness Men's Association recently to organize a local roti druggists' Association. Sam C. Davis presided and E. 1 Trolinger acted as secretary. Committees were appointed i follows: Constitution and by-laws — John B. Clark, J. 1 Sand D. S. Sanders, C. C. Young and" M. E. Sutton. Moi bership — David J. Kuhn, Carl Weise. E. F. Trolinger ai C. W. Jennings. Nomination of officers — L. A. Warner, Tol B. Clark and David J. Kuhn. August, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 343 THE QUESTION BOX The ''Hovo to Do It'' Department Conducted by Pharmaceutical Experts For the benefit of ERA Subscribers Sunburn Cream ' (C. W. F.)— Tr>- one of the following: (1) . ' White wax 30 grains .\nhydrous woolfat ounce Soft white petrolatum 1 ounce , Prepared lard 1 ounce Oil of ylang ylang S drops 3 Melt together. (2) . j Under the tide "Creme de Toilette", "Pharmaceutical For- jQulas" gives the following for the removal of sunburn, freckles, lomedones, and similar affections: jj Lanoline 5 drams : Almond oil 5 drams [i Precipitated sulphur 5 drams \^ Oxide of zinc drams K Violet extrait H dram r Tincture of alkanet a sufficiency tr Mix, using sufficient of the tincture of alkanet to impart a i.esh color. Various formulas for cosmetic creams suitable for il pplication in cases of sunburn have been printed in previous ' olumes of the Era. Consult the indexes. Mercury and Nitric Acid (R. P.) — "Enclosed find the following prescription which a jstomer brought in to be put up: Mercury 2 ounces Nitric acid 2 ounces Tr. cantharides 2 drams ( "How should it be compounded and would it make any dif- iTCnce if powdered cantharides should be used? The cus- seemed to think the mixture should be in the form of a In our opinion this formula is incomplete, as it does not ve the compounder any idea of how the resulting mixture is be employed, a most important thing to know in handling -escriptions of this character. A little consideration will show Vat when mercury is brought in contact with nitric acid, a action will take place, mercuric nitrate, or possibly a mixture mercuric nitrates of somewhat varying composition, being rmed. the character of the compound depending upon the •oportion, strength and temperature of the acid employed, the 'action being accompanied by nitric oxide fumes. Mercuric nitrate is powerfully corrosive, solutions of this Mt being used to cauterize malignant ulcers, cancerous growths, *■ Just how it is to be combined with tincture of cantharides is formula, or how the resulting mixture is to be em- /oyed, is not plain, although mi.xtures of this character are metimes incorporated with lard or other vehicle and used in terinary practice as so-called "spavin" or "ringbone cures." is also possible that the mixture might be diluted and used solution, but from the fact that the customer expects a .ste, it may be concluded that an ointment or similar appli- tion is wanted. In any event or however used, the reaction tween the mercury and nitric acid should be allowed to pro- ed until completed before adding the tincture of cantharides. le mercuric nitrate should then be incorporated with the lard r other vehicle to reduce the medicament to the proper ^gth, the tincture being added and the whole thoroughly ixed. So far as the therapeutic application of the mixture is concerned, it would probably make but little difference whether the cantharides was in powder or in tincture form. At best the formula is unsatisfactory, and we should hesitate to at- tempt the combination. Even the use of applications contain- ing mercuric nitrate is attended with some degree of danger. According to the National Dispensatory, mercuric nitrate has caused salivation when applied t« an ulcerated surface, even of small extent, and a weak solution of it used in the treat- ment of the itch has occasioned fatal poisoning, with symp- toms of corrosion and salivation also. Liquid Depilatory (A. D. S.) — We give two formulas for "liquid depilatory" typical of the class of preparations put out under this name. The first, taken from the Era Formulary, was suggested by a German physician, and is essentially an iodized collodion which is painted on the part, the hair coming off with the film : (1) Tincture of iodine ^ dram Venice turpentine 1 dram Castor oil 1^ drams Alcohol lYz ounces Collodion . . . ; 6 ounces Mix. Paint over the parts and remove after one-half hour. (2) Quick lime, in powder 1 ounce Potassium carbonate 1 ounce Sugar 2 ounces Water 4 ounces Boil them together and after standing, decant. The caustic liquid may be applied as it is, or mixed with a starch paste. (Fenner). As a general proposition, dermatologists and "hair artists" do not recommend the use of a liquid depilatory, for the ap- plication and the possible effect due to the caustic action of the preparation are not so easily kept under the control of the operator as where a paste or semi-liquid preparation is em- ployed. In our opinion, the following formula, recommended and used by surgeons as a "hair remover" previous to opera- tions, and also as a "razorless shaving preparation", is to be preferred : Barium sulphide 3 parts Water q. s. Mix the dry ingredients and make into a paste with warm water when required for use. The paste is applied from one to five minutes, when it is removed by scraping with a paper knife or other blunt-edged blade. The denuded surface is then washed with warm water and some emollient dressing applied. Of course, the barium sulphide must be as fresh as possible and not have become oxidized by exposure to the air. The effect of chemical depilatories is only temporary. Their action extend no deeper than the epidermis; the hair-bulbs remain and a new growth soon appears. Great care should be exercised in their application, and their effects should be carefully watched, for sometimes deep and painful ulcerations occur through their incautious use. The barium sulphide pre- paration is practically free from danger. 344 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [August, 1915 Herb Remedy (L. W. D.) — We are not familiar with the preparation you name, but assume that it is similar in character to most of the "herb remedies" on the market, which are usually mixtures of dried and cut herbs, leaves, roots, etc., and put up in packages with directions to the consumer for making an infusion of "tea" therefrom. Here are two formulas of this type, although other formulas may be found in the National Formulary, the Era Formulary, and similar reference works: Couch grass 1 ounce Liverwort 1 ounce Senna leaves 2 ounces Dandelion root 1 ounce Licorice root 1 ounce Reduce the drugs to a coarsely comminuted condition and mix. The drugs should not be in large pieces nor in too fine a powder. Use enough to make an infusion — not more than two days' supply. (2) Senna leaves 16 ounces Uva ursi leaves 2 ounces Buchu leaves 2 ounces Sassafras bark, cut 10 ounces Elder flowers 10 ounces Fennel seed 5 ounces Anise seed 5 ounces Coriander seed 1 ounce Culver's root 1 ounce Bruise the leaves, flowers and seed separately, mix well and pack in cartons. Directions: One teaspoonful to a cupful of boilng water, steep for 15 minutes. Sugar may be added if de- sired. Use twice daily. Recommended as a "blood and kid- ney remedy." Books Reviewed THE DRUGGIST AND HIS PROFITS. By Harry B. Mason, editor of the Bulletin of Pharmacy. 12 mo., 127 pages, cloth, $1. Detroit. E. G. Swift. This book is claimed to be "a practical manual for druggists in business and for students in schools of phanr^acy," and an examination of the various chapters is sufficient to con- vince any one familiar with the practice of pharmacy that the claim is well founded. Mr. Mason has devoted ten or twelve years to the subject of cost and profit accounting, and the summary of his studies here presented is his answer to the question: "How to know your profits and expenses, and how to use this knowledge to the improvement of your business." The field, so far as the druggist is concerned, is a com- paratively new one, and in the author's first hand study of facts and conditions, he has evolved and assembled actual ma- terial and experiences which go far toward making his con- clusions authoritative. Thus, he tells how by a simple sys- tem of records, easily kept, a druggist may arrive exactly at his percentage of gross profit, his percentage of expense, and his percentage of net prpfit. We are sure that if any one will conscientiously follow the advice and instruction given, he will not only become a better pharmacist, but he will also be able to show a larger bank balance at the end of each fiscal year. NEW AND NON-OFFICIAL REMEDIES, 1915. Containing de- scriptions of the articles which have been accepted by the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association. 12 mo., 426 pages, paper, 50 cents; cloth, $1. Chicago. American Medical Association. This book is issued annually, the present edition having been extended to contain, besides the changes, additions, etc., a paragraph under each remedy on clinical evidence. Of th^ remedies described in the edition of 1914. adnephrin. anti- tubercle serum, antityphoid scrum, citarin, digalcn, diphtheria antitoxin (Hubbert), endotin Morgenstern, amorphous filicic acid, and supracapsulin have been omitted. The text of the description of quinine and urea hydrochloride has also been revised. As a source of definite and trustworthy information on new remedies, this book should be in the hands of all dispensing pharmacists. Cheap Sealing Wax (G. Bros.) — All of the following formulas are designed for the purpose named and are comparatively "cheap" : Sealing Wax for Fruit Cans. Melt together: Yellow wax 1 ounce American vermilion 3 ounces Gum shellac 5 ounces Rosin 16 otmces Run into moulds or tins. Cheap Sealing Wax. (1) Melt together: Common beeswax 2 pounds Turpentine 6 ounces Olive oil 2 ounces Red lead 6 ounces Boil a little, and stir the mixture until it is almost cold; then cast it into cold water, and make it up into rolls or cakes. (2) Rosin 4 pounds Shellac 2 pounds Venice turpentine 1^ pounds Red lead 1^ pounds (3) Mix and melt Rosin 20 ounces Yellow wax 1 otmce Melt them and stir in sufficient brick dust to make the mixture of the proper consistency. Run into moulds. This is a common form of "fruit can wax". ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE CHEMICAL LABORATORY of the American Medical Association. Volume 7. January-De- cember, 1914. 99 pages, paper, 25 cents. Chicago, American Medical Association. This little volume is logically divided into three parts, con- sisting of reprints of contributions, abstracts of reports, and reports not previously published, being published in this form, it is stated, so tliat the findings of the laboratory "may be readily available to those who are interested in the composi- tion of medicines, namely, drug analysts, food and drug authori- ties, pharmacists and others." THE UTILIZATION OF WASTE PRODUCTS. A treatise on the rational utilization, recovery, and treatment of waste prod- ucts of all kinds. By Dr. Theodor Roller, author of "Cos- metics," etc. Translated from the second revised Gerr.an edition by a technical chemist. With 22 illustrations, -nd revised and enlarged English edition. 8 vo. 340 pages, cloth, $3. London, Scott, Greenwood & Son; New York, D. Van Nostrand Co. The spirit which has prompted the endeavor to make twc blades of grass grow where but one grew before is stror.gl> reflected iii this book, while there is evidence that the suc- cesses attained in attempting to apply this principle to th« manufacturing industries which supply many of the necessitie of mankind lie close to the secret of national greatness. It ii a matter of common knowledge that even today a large nuir.bei of waste products are thrown on one side as useless, and eiihei accumulate in large quantities if they are inorganic, or if or- ganic, they become exposed to gradual decay owing to tbei complex nature. With this idea fixed in his mind, tlie autha proceeds to discuss in an interesting manner methods for th utilization of various wastes, particularly those in tlie chen.ica industries. Thus, the disposal of town refuse, as sewage, voge table offal, garbage or trades refuse, are now all considered o importance, and instead of becoming a source of disease, tli< are made to yield useful and valuable products. The waste re suiting from most of the wellknown industrial processes ar similarly discussed, and the methods for the utilization of sue material are sure to contain many hints and suggestions for a those engaged in technical or industrial pursuits. Epsom Salt Beds in Utah E.xamination of Epsom salt beds recently reported to li»l been found near Manti, Utah. show, it is said, a test of ? per cent magnesium sulphate and that in one place the be< are tliirteen feet across. lArcr^T, 1915] THE phar:\iaceutical era 345 Arsenic Iodide — The most usual method for preparing this sul'siancc is tiiat , of the U. S. P., in which the elements conihiiu- directly in the dry way. Other methods make use of carbon disulphidc to dis- solve the iodine, or depend on tlie action of hydriodic acid or 1 iodides on arsenic oxide or chloride. Languopin senior and junior describe still another and ver>' simple method, consisting in heating 20 g. of metallic arsenic, in fine powder, with 400 or 500 cc. of water and 10 g. of iodine on the water bath, until combination takes place, as shown by the change in color of - the solution. The mixture is then boiled for a few minutes, .filtered, and evaporated to dryness on the bath. The product is a brilliant red powder, of density 4.39. (Union Pharm,, ^1915, p. 201.) Decomposition of Aspirin by Water — ' Tsaka lotos and Horsch have studied the decomposition of aspirin by water, and aqueous solutions of sulphuric, hydro- , chloric, acetic, and citric acids. Five g. of aspirin were dis- solved in 2,500 cc. of cold water, the solution divided into five equal parts, and each portion treated with an equal volume of 'decinormal acid. The increase in acidity was determined after _ definite intervals of time, by titration with alkali. With pure I water, the decomposition of aspirin is e.xtremely slow at ordi- ! narj' temperatures, and appreciable only after 100 days. The [decomposition is hastened by the catalytic effect of acids. Min- ; €ral acids increase decomposition, wV le acetic and citric acids first hasten decomposition and then retard it, the latter effect I being due to a reversal of the reaction. (Bull. Soc. Chim., ; 1915, p. 743.) iNecessity of Assay for Digitalis — f Hamner points out that the chemical assay methods of digi- , talis are thus far of practically no value in determining the i physiological strength of the drug; the color reaction of Keller, ! adopted by the German Pharmacopoeia, is entirely worthless. This reaction, supposed to be due to digitoxin, cannot with certainty be ascribed to that substance. Hence physiological (methods are absolutely necessary, and the author prefers Hale's ! "one hour ' method, or Focke's "short time" method. However, I on account of the experience and skill needed in carrj'ing out [biological assays, they should all be conducted in a central I laboratory-, and not in the individual pharmacies. (Hamner, tSvensk Farm. Tidskrift, 1915.) i'Eeducing Power of Soaps — After exhaustive experiments on the reducing power of soaps, especially with reference to mercury compounds, the author states that the reducing power is increased by increased alka- linity, and can be lowered by reducing the alkalinity. In addi- ftion, it is also necessary to use fats with as low an iodine Tvaluo as possible, and the choice is limited to tallow, cocoanut, ind castor oils, from which it is quite possible to pre- -<>aps having no reducing power whatever. If a soap ::.ing mercury albuminate is treated with an e.xcess of lik.iii. the mercury, which is at first only incompletely re- duced, is thrown out of solution quantitatively ; on the other ^and, by reducing the alkalinity, only traces of mercury are iffected. It is stated that if the above principles are regarded, it will be possible to prepare very stable soaps containing per- oorates and other ox>-genated compounds. (Schrauth, Seifens.- Ztg., 1915. p. 369.) Brror in Alkaloidal Assays — In the final shaking-out process of an alkaloidal assay, where Ihc alkaloid has been liberated by ammonia, unless the chloro- form or ether is washed with water, small amounts of am- monium salts are carried over with the chloroform, and evap- arated with the alkaloidal residue. During evaporation the basic alkaloid may liberate ammonia, and combine with the idd radical. This source of error of course gives too low re- mits if the alkaloid is titrated, and too high results if it is weighed. The error by titration is large, on account of the 'high molecular weights of the alkaloids, and may amount to SO per cent in careless work. Even 1 mg. of ammonium salt may :ause an appreciable error. (Self, Pharm. J., 1915, p. 585.) Constituents of Gloriosa Superba — This is a liliaceous plant growing in India and Ceylon. It i.s poisonous, and the tubers are sometimes used for suicidal purposes. Little is known as to the nature of the poisonous principle, the only work on it being that of Warden, who states that the drug contains two resins, a tannin, and a bitter principle, superbine. The latter was thought to be closely allied to, or identical with, the bitter principle of squill. Recent work in the Wellcome Research Laboratory shows tliat the bit- terness and toxicity are due to the presence of colchicine, hith- erto not known to exist in any plant except Colchicum autum- nale. Other constituents are two additional crystalline alka- loids, in minute amounts, choline, dextrose, phytosterols, and various fatty and aromatic acids, including the new compound 6-niethoxy-2-hydroxy-benzoic acid. (Clewer, Green, and Tutin, Pharm. J., 1915, p. 746.) Assay Process of Tr. Opium — After a comparative study of many assay processes for tinc- ture of opium, Bohrisch and Kurschner are of the opinion that the process of the German Pharmacopoeia on the whole, is free from objections, but that it may be simplified as follows: 50 g. of tincture are evaporated in a weighed dish to IS g., diluted with water to 38 g., and 2 cc. of a mixture of 17 g. of ammonia water with 83 g. of water are added. The mixture is immediately filtered through a folded filter of 10 cm. diame- ter, into a flask, and to 32 g. of the filtrate, representing 40 g. of tincture, there are added with continuous shaking 10 cc. of acetic ether and S cc. of the above ammonia solution. The flask is then corked and shaken well for 10 minutes, after which 200 cc. of acetic ether are added, the mixture gently shaken, and set aside for IS minutes. The ether layer is then poured off as completely as possible through a plain filter of 8 cm. diameter, 10 cc. more of acetic ether are added to the flask, gently agitated, and also poured through the filter, which is then allowed to drain completely. The aqueous solution is next poured on the filter, without attemptmg to collect all the morphine crystals in the flask. The latter is rinsed at least five times with ether-saturated water, and finally the paper and morphine are transferred, still moist, to a 200 cc. flask, the morphine remaining in the first flask is dissolved in 25 cc. of decinormal acid, which is then added to the 200 cc. flask, and, after complete solution, the excess of acid is titrated back with decinormal alkali, using ether and iodeosin as indicator. Each cc. of acid used represents 0.07125 g. of morphine per 100 g. of tincture. The most advantageous form of the lime method of assay, based on the Dutch Pharmacopoeia, is the following: 35 g. of tincture are evaporated to 11 g. Six g. of water are added, with 10 cc. of a freshly prepared 1 :20 suspension of calcium hydroxide, and water to bring the weight up to 35 g. After frequent rotation of the dish during 2 or 3 hours, the liquid is filtered through a plain dry filter of 8 cm. diameter, and to 20 g. of filtrate are added 10 cc. of ether and 0.2 g. of ammonium chloride. The flask is then shaken for 10 minutes. Five cc. of ether are added, and the mixture allowed to stand, with occasional agitation, for 15 minutes, .\fter pouring the ether layer through a dry filter, the aqueous layer is washed with a further portion of 5 cc. of ether. The aqueous solution is then transferred as completely as possible to the filter, with the cr>'stals, and flask and filter are washed with 30 cc. of ether-saturated water. The filter and contents are then placed in the flask, dissolved in 20 cc. of decinormal acid, and the excess titrated as before. Each cc. of acid represents 0.0285 g. of morphine (anhydrous). (Bohrisch and Kurschner, Apoth. Ztg., 1915, p. 233.) Assay of Cincliona — Two and one-half g. of finely powdered cinchona bark are heated, according to Fromme's method, with 2 cc. of concen- trated hydrochloric acid and 20 cc. of water on the steam bath for 10 minutes, cooled, and SO g. of ether and 25 g. of chloro- form added. This is followed by 5 cc. of 15 per cent caustic soda, after which the bottle is shaken well. Next add 2 g. of powdered tragacanth, and 2 g. of calcined magnesia, shake well, and allow to settle. Pour off 60 g. of liquid, representing 2 g. of bark, into a small wide-mouthed glass-stoppered flask, and 346 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [August, 1915 distil off the chloroform and ether. To the residue add 50 cc. of N/20 hydrochloric acid, brings the alkaloids into solution, and add 50 cc. of N/20 picric acid. Shake thoroughly, until the liquid has become clear, and the quinine picrate is com- pletely aggregated, and filter. Reject the first portions of the filtrate, and mix 50 cc. of it with 50 cc. of alcohol. Titrate the excess acid with decinormal alkali and phenolphthalein. The change from yellow to red denotes the end point. If it is de- sired to have a still sharper end point, treat 50 cc. of the acid filtrate as before with 50 cc. of alcohol, add 10 cc. of a solu- tion of 4 g. of potassium iodide and 1 g. of potassium iodate in 100 cc. of water, allow to stand for 30 minutes, and titrate the liberated iodine with thiosulphate solution. The picric acid solution is very stable, and may be made up by direct weigh- ing of pure picric acid, using 11.45 g. to each liter. (Richter, Apoth. Ztg., 1915, p. 254.) Immersion Pluid for Microscopes — For a number of years Jensen has been using a mixture of 24 parts of alpha-brom-naphthalin and 76 parts of liquid pa- raffin as an immersion fluid. It flows easily, does not change in months, even in open vessels, does not dry on lenses and ^preparations, does not affect the most delicate stains, and is cheap. (Apoth. Ztg., 1915, p. 228.) Bismuth Subacetate — This compound, of the formula BiOCHaCOj, has been known for a long time, but has just begun to find therapeutic use. It can be obtained in the form of lustrous leaflets from a hot solution of bismuth oxide in acetic acid. Another form is a snow white powder, of extreme fineness, and very soft to the touch. Its value is equal to the other bismuth prepara- tions, and its bismuth content is very high, representing 82 per cent, of oxide. For this reason it need not be used in the pure state, but may be diluted with an indifferent sub- stance, preferably with talc. Bismuth subacetate is now beinf use'd in the treatment of wounds and other injuries, especially of children, either as a dusting powder or as an ointment. (Apoth. Ztg., 1915, p. 156.) Useful Drugs With Dosage Under this title the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association is sending out in pamphlet form a list of drugs provisionally 'selected for inclusion in the second edition of "Useful Drugs," soon to be published by the association. As many readers will recall, the publication of the book named was an attempt to present a materia medica that should be sufficiently extensive to include the drugs worth while, and yet not so extensive that the average practitioner could not obtain a fair knowledge of them. The primary object of the present pamphlet is to bring once more to the attention of those especially interested that such a book exists, and that the movement for a restricted and more practical materia medica will be indorsed by the general adoption of the list. Another object in printing the list is to invite suggestions as to deletions and additions. In the list as first published, there are, it is stated, ten articles which are held to be of little value if not worthless. These are the following, with tlie reasons for such action: Spiritus Aetheris Compositus. Calcii Hypophosphis. Calcii Phosphas. Praecipitatus. Cannabis Indica. Extractum Cannabis Indicae. Tinctura Cannabis Indicae. Resina. Sparteinae Sulphas. Viburnum Prunifolium. Fluidextractum Viburni Prunifolii. Spiritus Aetheris Compositus, the compound spirit of ether, better known as Hoffman's anodyne, as found on the market, does not comply with the existing pharmacopeial requirements, one of the ingredients, ethereal oil, being practically unobtain- able and usually replaced by a mixture of oils obtained as a by-product in the distillation of alcohol. The compound spirit is, at best, variable in composition, has no evident advantages over the simple spirit (spiritus aetheris, spirit of ether), and at times may be objectionable. Calcii Hypophosphis, calcium hypophosphite, as a calciim salt, has no apparent advantage over any of the other soluble salts of lime, while the hypophosphites are now generally ad- mitted to lack therapeutic usefulness. Calcii Phosphas Praecipitatus, precipitated phosphate of lime, is no longer extensively used in medicine and as an insoluble salt of lime has no advantage over the carbonate. Carmabis Indica and its preparations, the extracts and tinc- ture, are not recognized as having any clear therapeutic indica- tions. The toxicity of the drug is of but secondary importance; the available product for years has not been of pharmacopeial quality and at best is very variable in composition. The pos- sible abuse of this drug as a narcotic is considered to be an added reason for not giving it official sanction. Resina, rosin, is not used in medicine and apart from its use in the manufacture of the old-time rosin adhesive plaster has no medical or pharmaceutical interest. The supposed therapeutic value of Sparteinae Sulphas, spar- teine sulphate, an alkaloid of scoparius, there is considerable reason to suspect, is not based on acceptable evidence. Viburnum Prunifolium and the fluidextract have no distinc- tive pharmacologic action and probably possess no advantages as a psychic agent over asafetida or any other evil smelling drug. In the case of proprietary preparations of viburnum, the action of the alcohol has been confused with that of the viburnum. Among the drugs that it is proposed to add are : Acid Sodium Phosphate. Pituitary Extract. Typhoid Vaccine. Staphylococcus Vaccine. Emetine Hydrochloride. Chenopodium Oil. Atophan. Picric Acid. Acid Sodium Phosphate has attracted considerable attention of late years because of its property of giving an acid reaction to the urine. It has the advantage over a mixture of sodium phosphate and phosphoric acid of being more xmiform in com- position and more readily dispensed. Pituitary Extract, in the form of the desiccated gland, as well as the aqueous extracts, chiefly of the posterior lobe, has attracted considerable attention in recent years, being e.xtensiveh advertised and frequently commented on in medical journals Because of the very active nature of a good preparation, the variability in composition of the available commercial extracts and the possible harm that may result from the use of prepara- tions of variable composition, it is thought desirable to add a general discussion of this drug and its preparations. Typhoid Vaccine is now so thoroughly well established as a prophylactic agent, and the possible therapeutic use is so fre- quently mentioned that a detailed discussion of the subject would appear to be desirable to insure a reasonable degree of familiarity with the preparation by medical practitioners gen- erally. Staphylococcus Vaccine appears to be sufficiently well estab- lished in use to warrant its inclusion in any list of widely used medicaments. Emetine Hydrochloride, an alkaloid of ipecac, has attracted considerable attention in recent years and has repeatedly been advocated as a specific in the treatment of amebic dysenter.- and other ameboid infections. Chenopodium Oil, oil of chenopodium, a popular household remedy of former decades, has recently been tried out experi- mentally and appears to be now thoroughly established as a remedy in ascarides with some promise as a possible substitute for thymol in the treatment of hookworm disease. More re- cently the toxicology' of die drug has attracted attention, and the reported results deserve recognition. Atophan, 2-phenyl-quinolin-4-carbo.\ylic acid, is one of the few recently introduced new remedies that promise to become thoroughly well established. It is an analgesic and has a select- ive action on the excretion of uric acid. Picric Acid, which was known for many years as a reagent and at one time used as a bitter and as a substitute for quinin. is again coming into use principally as a topical agent in the treatment of burns. Its extensive use at the present time and the possibility of toxic symptoms arising from absorption or inadvertent internal administration appear to warrant its fuller discussion in te.xt books and medical schools. The Council asks that criticisms and sug.i;estions for the list be returned to the secretarj-, W. A. Puckner. 535 NorlS Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. AuGisT, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 347 Additions to The Era Narcotic List As announced at the time of the publication of the Era Narcotic List some weeks ago, additions to and changes in the list were to be expected, especially in view of the fact that various manufacturers had modified and were making changes in their formulas so as to place their preparations within the exempted class. These additions and changes, so far as they have come to hand from manufacturers, are presented herewith, and this list, embracing nearly 160 items, together with 1,600 official DRUGS AND CHEMICALS Codeonal, instead of "Codeonol" Dionin Narcophin-Scopolamine Solution AMPOULES Waite's Antiseptic Local Anaesthetic (22S) DENTAL PREPARATIONS Cocaine Points (3403) Devitalizing Fibre (3403) Local Anesthetic Solution (3403) ELIXIRS Poppy Aromatic (6148) Morphine. 1/35 Eiain in fl. oz. Saw Palmetto Comp. (6148) Coca omitted. Saw Palmetto and Pichl Comp. (6148) Coca omiltud FLUIDEXTRACT Wild Cherry Compound (3403) :• LOZENGES Acetanodeine (2410) exempt Anesthesine (2410) Antalgic (2410) exempt Antiseptic Cough (4177) Morphine Diacetyl, 1/50 grain each Chlorodyne (2410) exempt Cnbeb Compound (2410) exempt Lobelia Compound (2410) exempt ti Muco-Sedative (2410) exempt ! Muco-Stimulant (2410) exempt I Orthoform (2410) all sizes Orthotorm Compound (2410) Rhatany and Opium (2410) exempt OINTMENTS }' Acid Carbolic and Kutgall Compound (5717) 1- Hemorrhoidal, LUly (3403) L Dionin, Vr (3403) i Dionin and Atropine (3403) I Ichthyol Comp. (3247) I Formula changed, exempt Ophthalmic Dionin Dionin 5% OPHTHALMIC DISCS Eserine Sulphate and Cocaine Muriate (6148) Cocaine Muriate, 1 250 grain in each i Homatropine Alkaloid and Cocaime Alkaloid (6148) I Cocaine Alkaloid, 1/50 grain in each f Homatropine Hydrobromide and Cocaine Muriate (6148) , Cocaine Muriate, 1/50 grain in each 1 PILLS ; Cold, Laxative, XIplohn's (5717) ^ Diarrhea Pellets, Dr. Drossner's (5717) Phosphorus, Damiana and Cantharides (5372) ; SOLUTIONS i Hebulizer Solution No. 3 (5213) , Cocaine ; SPECIALTIES AND PROPRIETARIES j Alypin Discoids (5012) ;1 Anunosol-Codeia Tablets (5213) \ Codeine I Cerebral Sedative (5697) ij Chloranodyne (6082) I ChloTO-Cannabine (3842) I Morphine. 1 grain to oz. I CUorodyne (5372) and proprietary drugs and preparations already presented in the Era Narcotic List, furnishes in condensed form practically all of the available data relating to the narcotic content of drugs and remedies coming under the Harrison law. Pharma- cists and physicians, if they would keep their records as re- quired by tlie law, must depend upon information of this kind. All of this is succinctly set forth in the Era Narcotic List, a book of nearly 80 pages, in vest pocket size, and which sells for 25 cents a copy. Chlorodyne Solution (5717) Morphine Hyd,rochloride, 2^8 grains fl. oz. Cholera Mixture, Shoemaker's (5150) New loriiiula exempt Cold Special (5717) Compound Cerebral Sedative. No. 1 (3403) Creo-Pin (2627) Formula modified, now exempt Deiss' Corizol (1987) Cocaine Dermacilia Eye Remedy (1475A) exempt Dermacilia Ointment (1475A) exempt Diastasic Malt with Wine of Coca (6148) Dunlap's C & K Remedy for Horses and Mules (1605) Old Form Emulsion Linseed Oil with Heroin (6148) Heroin, 3/J5 grain in fl. oz. Flavored Wafers, Upjohn's (5717) Glyterole Heroin Compound (5717) Glycerole Heroine Comp. (6082) Gonorrhea Treatment (4177) Formula modified, now exempt Gooch Quick Relief (3539) Formula changed, now exempt Heroin Sedative Comp. (1204 A) Heroin, 2/9 grain fl. oz. Heropine (3842) Heroin, Ya, grain to oz. Herotone Tablets (4801) Heroin, 1/60 grain and Codeine, 1/120 grain, in each Hormonal, Intramuscular (5008) Beta-Eucaine Hydrochloride, %% Ichthytannic Suppositories (5877) (Old Formula) Inhalant No. 4 (3403) Laurent's Analgesine-Tocanalgine (1987) Morphine Lecoy's Sedol Ampoules (1987) Morphine Liban's Pastilles (1987) Morphine Linctus Comp. (5118) Formula modified, now exempt Mead's Terpo-Dionin (3720), Discontinued Mireille's Paste (1987) Cocaine Moyer Bros.' Asthma Cure (3967) Withdrawn from market Pixine Colic Cure (4479) New formula exempt Red. White and Blue Cold Tablets (5688) Manufacture Discontinued Red, White and Blue Neuralgia Headache Tablets (5688) Manufacture Discontinued Syrup Sedative (6082) Syr. Terebene Aromatic and Heroin (4177) Formula modified, now exempt ' Tate's No-Vo Injection (5522) Terpinine with Heroin (3842) Heroin, 2/9 grain to oz. Terpinoids (Heroin and Terpinol Comp.) (2405) 1/40 grain Heroin in each capsule Terpo Guaiacol Comp. (3561) Tolu and Cannabis Comp. (3561) Unguentine Crayons with Mofphine (Opium) Unguentine Crayons with Opium (Morphine) (4177) Morpliine eliminated, now exempt Unguentine with Protargol with Opium (Morphine) (4177) Morphine eliminated, now exempt Waite's Antiseptic Local Anaesthetic (228) Zomakyne & Heroin (3602) Heroin, 6/16 grains av. oz. Zomakyne, Sodium Salicylate & Codeine (3602) Codeine Sulphate 15 grains av. oz. 348 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [August, 1915 SUPPOSITORIES Antiseptinoids, now exempt SYRUPS Balm Gilead Comp. (4177) Formula modified, now exempt Balm Gilead Comp. with Heroin (4177) Formula modified, now exempt Chloro Tolu (Searle's) (5072) Eubenol Dionin (4177) Formula modified, now exempt Terebene Comp. with Heroin (4177) Formula modified, now exempt Tolu and Cannabis Comp. (4177) Formula modified, now exempt TABLETS AND TABLET TRITURATES Acetanilid and Codeine Comp. (7) Codeine Sulphate, J4 grain each Ammonium Chloride Comp. (5335) Anesthaine (7) Stovaine Anodyne, V4 gr-; and 2 gr. sizes (5717) Anodyne for Infants (7) Codeine Sulphate, 1/64 grain each Antiasthmatic (7) Apomorphine Hydrochloride, 1/64 grain each Anticold, Gordon's (3403) Anti-cold, No. 2 (5717) Antikamnia & Codeine Tablets Codeine 18 grains av. oz. (Discontinued) Atropine, Aconitine and Codeine Compound (7) Codeine Sulphate, 1/64 grain each Atropine, Aconitine and Morphine Comp. (T) Morphine Sulphate, 1/100 grain each Atropine & Gelsemium Co. (2009) Bismuth & Morphine (2009) Bismuth Subnitrate, Opium and Carbolic Acid (5717) Bromide Comp. No. 2 (2009) Bronchial (7) Apomorphine Hydrochloride, 1/SO grain each Brown Ammonia (2009) Calomel & Bismuth (2009) Calomel & Codeine (2009) Cannabis Co., No. 2 (2009) Cannabis Indica & Hyoscyamus Comp. (S335) Catarrh, Bronchial (7) Codeine Sulphate, 1/32 grain each Cerium Oxalate and Bismuth Comp. (7) Stovaine, 1/2S grain each Chloralformamide, 5 grains (2009) Chloralformamide, 10 grains (2009) Chloralformamide, 15 grains (2009) Chloral Hydrate, 3 grains (2009) Chloral Hydrate, 5 grains (2009) Chloral Hydrate Co. (2009) Chlorodyne (7) Morphine Sulphate, 1/25 grain each [ Cold Special No. 1 (5717) Colic, No. 2, Infantile (5335) Collinsonia Compound (7) Apomorphine Hydrochldride, 1/128 grain each Coryza, Richards (3247) Formula changed, now exempt Coryza, Searle's (5072) Cough, Blackham (7) Morphine Sulphate, 1/100 grain each Croup (3403) Croup, Spasmodic (5335) Diabetic (2009) Diabetic, No. 2 (2009) Diarrhea Improved (5717) Fever. Improved (2009) Gastric Sedative (7) Stovaine, 1/30 ^--rain each Gastritis No. 1 (5717) Gastro-Enteritis (2009) Gray Powder, No. 2 (2009) Hay Fever (6148) Infant Cough No. 3 (5717) Injection Compound No. 1 (5717) Lactucarium Compound (7) Moriihiiie Sulphate, 1/64 grain each Lead & Bismuth Co. (2009) Local Anesthesia, Dr. Schlelch's (6148) Nausea (5372) Nausea No. 2 (5717) Neuralgic (Dr. Duncan's) (2009) Night Cough (4177) Dionin, 1/25 grain each Opium and Calomel Co. (2009) Opium and Lead Acetate No. 1 (5717) i Opium and Lead Acetate No. 2 (5717) Phenacetine Co. & Heroin (2009) • Pleurisy, Acute (2009) Rheumatism (2009) Rheumatism No. 2 ( 2009) Sodium Bicarbonate Comp. (5335) Sparteine Comp. (Cardiac, Dr. Waldstein's) (5335) Stibium, Opium and Camphor (2009) Sumbul Comp. No. 2 (Hysteria) (5335) Terpin Hydrate and Diacetylmorphine No. 2 (5717) Throat (Mentholated) (5717) Throat Mentholic (4177) Manufacture discontinued Throat, Quinlan's (6148) Tonsillitis, Acute (2009) Tonsillo Pharyngitis (2009) Tonsilol (5213) Cocaine Whooping Cough No. 4 (5717) TABLETS, DISPENSARY Coniine Hydrobromide & Morphine Sulphate (6148) Morphine Sulphate, 1/6 grain in each Duboisine Hydrochloride and Morphine Sulphate (6148) Morphine Sulphate, 'A grain in each Eserine Sulphate and Morphine Sulphate (6148) Morphine Sulphate, 1/6 grain in each Hyoscyamine Sulphate and Morphine Sulphate (6148) Morphine Sulphate, H grain in each TABLETS. HYPODERMIC Hyoscine, Morphine and Digitalen (5072) Nitroglycerin Compound, Lilly (3403) MANUFACTURERS WITH THEIR KEY NUMBERS 3539— McCullough Drug Co. Correct address to read: 114 High street, Lawrenceburg, Ind. Delete from List of Manufacturers 2617— Manine Medicine Co., 320 North Grand avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 4373— Pattison C, The Chas. H. 7841 Eggleston avenue, Chicago, HI. 5945— Wells & Co., S. C. Le Roy, N. Y. Dr. Diekman Lectures N. Y. Co. Ph. S. Dr. George C. Diekman, professor of pharmacy at the New York College of Pharmacy, lectured before the members of the New York County Pharmaceutical Society, at their re- cent regular meeting, held at the organization's rooms at 150 East 86th street. He advised a greater interest in phanna- copoeial methods. George T. Riefflin, chairman of the N. Y. S. P. A. membership committee, appealed to the members for co-operation with the State body. Five present applied for membership in the N. Y. S. P. .\. A resolution to the effect that the N. Y. S. P. A. make every possible legislative effort to "limit the practice of pharmacy to pharmacists"' was adopted. The members unanimously decided that the society's grievance committee should request all drug store proprietors in Nev York county to sign an agreement not to indulge in "penny sales." A motion was carried that the Board of Health should be requested to tabulate preparations which pharmacists can not sell. Otto Raubenheimer tendered his resignation as treas- urer and was succeeded by Thomas Latham. Thomas Latham. Bernard Colle and Alex. Rothenberg were appointed delegatts to the Fair Trade League. Dr. George C. Diekman, Otto Raubenheimer and J. Leon Lascoff were appointed delcgatrs to the A. Ph. A. convention. Sulphur Discovered in Argentine The discovery of sulphur deposits in the Planchon Pass be- tween the Colorado and Atucl rivers is reported in the .Argen- tine province of Mendoza, according to consular advices from Rosario. The mines, which are at a height of approximately 6.S0Q feet, are reported to contain very pure ore, not mixed with ary other minerals. August, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 349 News of the Colleges UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA There were only two gradu;Ucs of the School of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, this year, viz., Isadore Horavitz and Julius Edgar Jenkins. Both men took the examination before the State board of pharmacy at Tybee on June 9, and they were the only two in a list of 55 applicants to obtain pharma- cist's licenses, the highest form of license issued in the State. Twenty-one of the applicants were granted licenses as apotlie- caries or as druggists. NORTH PACIFIC COLLEGE OF PHARMACY President Foster of Reed College, Portland, Ore., delivered the 1 principal address at the commencement exercises of the North Pacific College of Pharmacy held recently at the White Temple, Portland. The graduates were Thomas .Mien, M. S. Spears, E. L. Watkins, W. B. Duncan and W. H. Barr. ' OREGON AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE ' The following graduates of the department of pharmacy of Oregon Agricultural College, Corvallis, were awarded degrees , at the recent commencement as follows: Bachelor of Science: IrAvin L. Betzel, Stella Dean, C. A. Fryer, C. C. Gaylord, Car- 1 men Hittson, X. H. Leweaux, C. L. McFadden, S. Smitli, N. L. ■ Tartar and E. Tucker; Graduate in Pharmacy: C. Bent, Beryl Camp, J. E. Chinx and W. D. Hamilton. SUCCESS OF BROOKLYN COLLEGE The Brooklyn College of Pharmacy was organized and is maintained by the Kings County Pharmaceutical Society under a charter granted by the State of New York April 21, 1886. The success of the college has more than met the expectations '• of its most optimistic founders. The annual number of graduates has grown from nine in 1892 to one hundred and seventy-four in 1915, one hundred and forty-three young men and women having received the degree of Graduate in Phar- macy and thirty-one the degree of Doctor of Pharmacy this year. The college occupies a large and commodious build- ing, especially erected for it and fully equipped with all mod- em apparatus. Its library is one of the most complete any- where. Its equipment thus places it in the front rank of the Schools of Pharmacy in the country. The faculty is com- posed of the strongest and most practical men in their re- ' spective subjects. The college therefrom offers an excellent , opportunity to those who desire to take up pharmacy as a ' profession and to those who desire to advance still higher ,in the fields of chemistry, pharmacy and pharmacognosy. ' WARD BROS. EMPLOYES ENJOY OUTING The second annual outing given by Ward Bros. Drug Com- f pany, who esale druggists, Indianapolis, Indiana, was held June 19. These outings were instituted by the company last iyear, with a view to promoting a better acquaintanceship and a spirit of co-operation between employes and members ,of the fiirm. Among those who attended on the recent occa- sion, was Marion Ward, one of the organizers of the com- .pany and its present head. After thirty years with this «house, one of the old establishments of the Middle West, he still retains an active interest in its affairs. ' DRUG CLUB WILL NOT MOVE A proposal presented to a meeting of the Drug and Chem- ical Club, held last week, by the Title Guaranty & Trust Com- pany regarding the erection of a new building for the ex- 'ichisive use of the club was turned down by practically all of the members. The board of governors of the club had previously voted in favor of the project. Beside the vote of those present, 208 proxies against the change were presented. Pood and Drug Officials Meet at Berkeley, August 2 The nineteenth annual convention of the Association of 'American Dairy, Food and Drug Officials will be held at the University of California, Berkeley, August 2 to 5. Women In Pharmacy The women of the drug trade everywhere have to deal with the high cost of provisions. In order to show what could be done by economical buying and careful preparation, Mrs. Wil- liam E. Lee, national secretary of the W. O., gave her home for the purpose of demonstrating an economy luncheon to sixtean delegates from as many clubs. Mrs. Anna B. Scott, special household writer for the Philadelphia American, and Mrs. llu;jh Monroe, food economist of the social settlement work in Kensington, managed the demontsration. The entire company was served a five course meal at a cost of $1.10. Mrs. Lee, as chairman of the pure food committee of the Philadelphia Civic Club, was anxious to demonstrate what could be done in this line. Every one pronounced the luncheon a great success and all attending made a' copy of the menu and its cost. Others may be interested also. Clam soup, 19c ; fish, 25c ; fruit salad, 6c; asparagus, 10c; potatoes, 7c; cabbage, 3^c; biscuits, 8c; butter, 10c; mock plum pudding and sauce, 6-2/3c; coffee, 12c; sugar, 3c. Mrs. Nellie Florence Lee, National Secretary of the W. O. N. A. R. D., is visiting Mrs. Leslie O. Wallace of Auburn. Mrs. Lee journeyed to the Finger Lake country, which is located in the heart of the Empire State, through the beauti- ful Lehigh valley. These two ladies are enjoying a vacation together and numerous short side trips to many local points of interest. "DRUG PERIOD" BIG TIME AT FAIR San. Francisco Meeting Place of State and National Associations — A. Ph. A. Convenes August 9 The "drug period" at the Panama-Pacific Exposition this summer is proving a momentous occasion in pharmacy. Sev- eral large conventions of pharmaceutical organizations have already been held in San Francisco and a number of others are scheduled for the near future. The California State Ph. A. meets at San Francisco August 6 and 7. A proposed new State pharmacy law will be discussed and Frank H. Freericks, chairman of the A. Ph. A. section on education and legisla- tion, will present data for a model pharmacy law. The Stevens bill will also be brought up for consideration. The National Association of Boards of Pharmacy and the American Conference of Pharmaceutical Faculties will hold their sessions August 5, 6 and 7, in the building of the Cali- fornia C. P. The Conference of Pharmaceutical Faculties will be entertained by that college. The A. Ph. A. meets at the Bellevue Hotel, Geary and Tay- lor streets, San Francisco, from August 9 to 14, inclusive. The Denver branch will meet the special A. Ph. A. train from Chicago, and members in this party will be taken by automo- bile to the foothills of the Rockies, thence by automobile over a new and beautiful road to the summit of Lookout Moun- tain. Returning, the party will reach Denver in time lor a lit- tle sight-seeing or shopping before the special train leaves for Colorado Springs. A reception will be tendered the A. Ph. A. president and visiting delegates by the California Ph. A. on the evening of August 9. It will take place in the Inside Inn, Exposition grounds. .A. banquet at Flor de Italia, a ball in the Cali- fornia building and a smoker at the German Hou';e, under the auspices of the Traveling Men's auxiliary of the Cali- fornia Ph. A. are other features "bf the entertainment offered. The N.W. D. A. meets at Santa Barbara September 26 to October 1. .\ special train will carry Eastern members from Chicago to the convention and is scheduled to reach Lcs An- geles September 22. On the 26th, the party will leave for Santa Barbara, where headquarters will be maintained at the Hotel Alexandria. The members will leave Santa Barbara for San Francisco on October 1. The Allied Drug Interests, of which Professor Frank T. Green and K. B. Bowerman, both of San Francisco, arr. re- spectively, the president and secretary, has been organized for the purpose of entertaining the visiting pharmacists during the "drug period," July 6 to August 14. An information bureau has been established in the Claus Spreckles building, corner of Third and Market streets, San Francisco. 350 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [August, 1915 Business Building Plans of Druggists Clever Schemes Practiced By Enterprising Retailers Stimulate the Interest of Customers in the Store Slog'ans Which Bring Business to Druggists "Getting what you want is easy here, because we HAVE it." "Run right to Graham's — the drug store on one spot for over fifty years." "Scranton's most reliable drug store." ' "Our stock the most complete in North- ern Indiana." "Kut prices at Kahn's — only the best." "Get it where they've GOT it." "The best is none too good f»r the sick." "Send your voice, not your messenger. We furnish the latter." Charlie Chaplin Statuettes The Morris drug store in Albany, N. Y., has had a great run on Charlie Chaplin statuettes, the poptilarity of this moving picture comedian enabling the druggist to dispose of a great many at the sale price of 49 cents each. Seven Days' Rubber Goods Sale Matthew Bros., Inc., druggists of Scran- ton, Pa., stimulated sale in rubber goods by the announcement of a seven days' sale, and made a number of special of- fers. A dollar hot water bottle was sold at 69 cents as a "leader." "We Always Sell It for Less" "We always sell it for less," is one of the slogans of the People's Drug Stores, Washington, D. C, which also advertise themselves as "The Home of Cut Prices." Two cakes of Ivory soap, worth five cents each, were sold recently for six cents. Two for An Extra Cent The People's Drug Stores of Washing- ton, D. C, held a one cent sale on May 26 and 27. The idea was "buy one at the regular retail price and get another for 1 cent more." Among the articles sold in this way were massage cream, one jar for 50 cents or two for 51 cents; one shaving brush for 35 cents or two for 36 cents, and one hot water bottle for $1.98 or two for $1.99. Sends Three Girls to the Exposition Not every druggist can afford to send three pretty girls to the Panama Pacific Exposition, but the Kuhlman & Cliambliss Company, operating three stores in Knoxville, Tenn., through a system of coupon trading books have arranged to send three of the city's most popular young ladies to the fair. More than ten million votes were turned in during the contest. This Druggist Follows His Customers At a time when the regular customers of the drug gtore are going away on their summer vacations, the Powers-Kelly Drug Company of Waco, Texas, shows that it is awake to 111' liy advertising its mail oidcr d(|iartment as a f' K-memhered by the tra\i l. i-, ii I our mail order dcjiai inn nl," is ihe way its ad Infill-. 'U is at your service. If you live out of town or are away from town you will find it helpful. One mail brings in your order and the next takes it, safely wrapped, to you. Uncle Sam delivers it. Get it where they've got it." These snappy phrases are followed by a paragraph of suggestions for things that the vacationist will probably need while on his trip. Merchants' Week at Bellows Falls Hodgdon & Smith, druggists, took part in the annual Bellows Falls (Vt.) Merchants' Week, May 26, 27 and 28, by holding a special sale on tooth brushes and toilet articles. With each tooth brush the purchaser received a box of tooth powder or a tube of paste. Free Candy with Soda With each sale of soda ckecks amount- ing to more than 15 cents Liggett's stores offer to give away a box of their Maxixe cherries during their regular Saturday sales. An Inducement to Smokers The Riker-Hegeman store in Philadel- phia offered in a recent advertisement to give a black leather belt free to each pur- chaser of one dollar's worth of cigars at their counters. Quick Delivery for Hurry-Up Calls Quinn's drug store of Schenectady, N. Y., advertises its motorcycle delivery for those who are "always in a hurry." Spe- cial attention is also called to the excel- lence of the camera department and the fact that films left at the store will be printed, and delivered in twenty-four hours. Cutlery in the Drug Store Butcher knives and bread slicers form the feature attraction in a full page ad published by the Morris Drug Company of .A-lbany, N. Y., in which this enter- prising firm offers a wide variety of sundries at especially low prices. An Appeal to the Commuter In an attempt to draw tlie trade of the suburban popula- tion, the Dows drug stores of Lowell, Mass., offer to pay the railroad fares to those whose purchases amount to more than two dollars. A similar scheme was tried by the Apothe- caries Hall Company of Waterbur>', Conn., who recently ad- vertised a "Fare Refunding Sale" to last one week. Pushing Bath Room Fixtures Drug stores are finding bath room fixtures a profitable side line. This is evidenced by the full page advertisements used by the Fitchburg Drug Company, Fitchburg. Mass., in its local newspapers. A special sale, in which fifty or sixty separate items were listed, was held on Saturday, May 29. A Week-End Toilet Goods Kit The Jacobs' Pharmacy makes a specialty in its toilet goods department of a week-end kit, which consists of a red kit, with gold embossed lettering, and containing the following articles: Face powder, face rouge, deodorant, cold cream, -salve and enamel, nail bleach, nail enamel and cuticle ice. .Ml of these sell for 50 cents. HEN 1 all^aiJMI:|(j'IJ| ] 1„ mi For Traveling and Vacation Supplies Smart Bathing Caps Take Along a Kodak Kodak., iS up Water Wings Robber Ctps for Ou Tib or the Btui 25c," 50c, ik 4 69c Rubberset S^ety Toolh Bruah Elutic Hotiery B More "Good WiU'' OiocoUtM^ |)<ai.rMl ffl ; Britf Voir ^IKr{tltlul lotUUI'S BroadiE.JerseySts. A seasonable drug store advertisement August, 1915] THE PHAEMACEUTICAL ERA 351 CAMERAS AND PHOTO SUPPLIES Drug Store Logical Place for Photo Supplies By G. GENNERT Importer and Dealer in Photo Goods AS the demand lor cameras and supplies becomes more and more insistent, the camera supply department must naturally find a place in every store which in any way caters to the wants of the leisure-hour spent in recreation. The drug store of today — with its many depart- ments, all more or less calculated to serve the immediate want of the local or transient trade, and perhaps by reason of its continual readiness to serve at all hours and on holi- days — is the logical piece for a photographic supply depart- ment appealing to the aynateur. Space in a drug store, usually located on the best comer, costs money ; and the cost of carrying any additional line must be paid, plus a profit by that department. The department cannot of itself be profitable by reason of a mere showing of goods, but like the soda fountain or cigar stand may, and probably will, be dependent upon the attention and thought given to the display of the articles and to service of the ' customer. Display of goods and the problem of having just enough within reach to hand out promptly, along with the storage of reserve stock in less valuable space, are details whieh may be safely left to the judgment of the successful business man. But he must not forget that photography and camera are almost synonj-mous, and that his show window and show case must at all times, by the actual display of cameras them- selves, tell his patrons he has a camera department. Selection of a Stock Selection of a stock is important. The druggist, while keep- ing within the price limits of the trade which he serves, must remember that the more varied his assortment, and that the closer his stock will answer the possible call that a ctis- tomer asking for a catalogue may make, the moje certain are his sales. He should select a good line of cameras, backed by a complete line of supplies, and carry as nearly the full line of cameras shown in his catalogue as capital will per- mit. If it is not possible to buy all sizes of each model, then he should at least have one size of each mode! ready for inspection. Fibns, papers, plates and supplies, if only in small quan- ' titles, to be increased as the demand develops, must be on hand for each and every size and model of camera in stock ; and for the more popular sizes of other makers sure to be in demand. Inasmuch as the sizes of papers and plates are standardized, and they can be used interchangeably in 1 cameras of ^•arious brands, the selection is simple. Films of different makers are known in two ways: by size ; and by the maker's number. The latter device is made neces- sary on account of variation in spool fitting for different cameras using films of the same size, on account of variation in the number of exposures, and on account of the maker's disinclination to describe his films by the same series of ' numbers ah-eady used by a competitor. The druggist should procure a film list from every manufacturer. He should reduce the descriptions and numbers of these to a universal ' list that will show at a glance which number of one brand will replace a given number of another brand, or which spool is the correct fit for a certain camera. A pharmacist must be prepared to cater to two classes of trade — the class who "do the rest themselves," and the class who expect him to finish the pictures. The trade of the amateur can be gained only by close atten- tion to his wants and by an earnest effort to supply him with the particular brand of supplies that experience has taught him will enable him to get desired results. Yet, he is a willing experimenter, and will generally listen to sug- ^ gestions, accept samples for trial, and permit himself to be easily won over to a meritorious "new line." But the '"snapshotter" who knows nothing about photography. and refuses to bother with finishing his own pictures, is the more difficult, because he has perhaps been told that all he need do is to press the button and send his film-spool to the "laundry." Your Own Finishing Department This "laundry" is the one difficulty in the way of the druggist. He should by all means try to arrange for a "laun- dry," or finishing department, of his own: first, because one- half or more of the prices charged is profit ; secondly, because his success is entirely dependent on the results he hands back to his customers. There is every reason why the druggist should take pic- tures and encourage each clerk who may serve the camera supply department to do likewise. Any clerk who is interested can look after the finishing, and give it individual attention, which means that each film spool must be examined as the pictures appear, and must be allowed to remain in the solution until the result is obtained. The "laundry" method of finishing does more, perhaps, to discourage the use of cameras than any one thing. Just im- agine placing a hundred rolls of film, exposed under various light conditions and on various subjects, in a tank, taking them out at twenty minutes, say, and fixing them without even an examination ! Surely, someone must be disappointed. The druggist could, and would willingly, examine each of these hundred spools once or twice during the last ten min- utes of development, removing those which are fully developed as they come to hand and permitting others to stay the full twenty, twenty-five, or even thirty minutes to get all of the benefit which can be obtained. He might even separate the underexposed films from a roll, and treat them separately — much to the gratification of his customer. Although "laundries' use expensive stone tanks, these are not a necessity. The small pharmacist will do much better to construct trays of sufficient length and width to accom- modate his films. Wood, well-joined and painted with acid- proof paint or lined with oil cloth, makes excellent tanks. In these, the films may first be soaked in water. When they are soft and pliable, the water is poured off and the developer —of fifteen or twenty-minute speed — is poured over them. In this way, twenty to thirty spools can be handled nicely and matched closely. Printing Equally Important Printing must be quite as carefully done as developing. The paper-makers manufacture three grades because three grades are needed for good results (only too often the "laundry" uses only one grade, seldom more than two). Printing a soft negative on hard paper, a hard one on soft paper, and a normal one on normal paper, will get the results, and will require no greater trouble than trying to manipulate printing with fewer grades in such a way as to obtain presentable results. These would seem reasonable injunctions to the druggists who wish to maintain a photographic department: Do not try to work too cheap — it will be cheap work at best and not satisfactory. Use good ma- terials, charge a fair price, insist on a fair profit on every transaction, but be sure to give value received. By all means have your imprint or sticker on everything you send out. Deliver your finishing in cases having your imprint; they are not expensive, and have good advertising value. Above all, do not expect to establish a big-paying department the first month. Go in prepared for a long pull and a certain amount of development work. Do it conscientiously, and you will be rewarded by a remunerative department. 352 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [August, 1915 Louisville Drug Stores Make Success Of Photo Department By G. D, CHAIN, Jr. TP. TAYLOR & CO., who operate a chain of six drug stores in the downtown part of Louisville, are thor- • oughly impressed with the desirability of photographic outfits, supplies, and service as a side line. This department of their pharmacies is less than two and a half years old, but it is already one of the lustiest divisions of their business, and has several times outgrown its clothes. The firm inaugur- ated this section with an initial outlay of $2,000 to be divided among three stores. Now, the developing business alone probably runs to $8,000 or $10,000, and is constantly increasing. The experience of this Louisville company could be characteristic of only a very large concern, and as such it is chronicled here. Horace Taylor believes photographic materials are espe- cially adaptable for drug store distribution. In the first place, many persons dabble in picture-making. Every one of these persons visits a pharmacy more or less frequently. Customers enter to buy drug sundries, and fill their camera needs; con- Another section ol photo workshop. Dark room in the Taylor store. versely, they come for camera supplies, now that the depart- ment is well-known, end remain to purchase other articles. Thus, a photographic department both complements and is complemented by the drug stock. Secondly, films, lenses, and chemicals seem, by nature and association, consonant with pharmacy. Department Well Advertised Multifarious advertising is responsible for some of T. P. Taylor & Co.'s success with their photographic department. They include reference to photographic stock in their general advertisements, sometimes using electrotypes, and sometimes merely a line or two calling attention to the freshness and cleanness of materials. Window lettering, cards displayed prominently .in the store, exhibition of prints, occasional win- dow displays, and carefully trimmed show cases are among the other publicity means used. Store display is one of the most effective methods of gaining attention from the public. The manv customers who pass through tlie pharmacy are visuallv remmded of their needs and of the convenient oppor- tunitv to satisfv them. Use Pictures of Current Events T- P Tavl.ir \: ( I ive found high effectiveness, too. with large pictun-^ dt Im^il i lurent events. There is no doubt of the attention-diaw 111^; jiowLr ot such prints. Everyone has seen crowds scanning them on the windows of cigar stores. The trouble there is that thev have nothing to do with cigars. .\n observer focuses on tlie print first as a picture, then as an event, and then again as a picture. This is good psvchnlogv lor forwarding a photographic department. Tavlor stores handle a standardized, widely-advertised line ot , Hi!, r i- till- iiiiali'v nt \v!-.uh has already been impressed >i|M,n ]iio^|M ( tivi ( usi.iiiv i^. 1 his might be considered one of ill. ir iMiMi. ii\ 111. ihocls. I htir cheapest camera sells for $1; ill. ir iii..-t . \i.. ii>ivc for ^iOO. \i ;.i.ur 11 lilt- cspcciallv originals accompanied by enlarge- 1 .,.1. 11. .Al iliud. Suitable work passing through the de- ;.i,.|mi.. .iri.ulment IS secured, and used for demonstration I '. \. l..|.iim and printing, as it is done in tlie Taylor estab- h. I 11.111- ..tfers several advantages besides furnishing sub- I . - 1,1 .ii^plav. It contains and secures a hold on the II 1. II 1 Mings a larger profit than could be got from work l uiiu d mit: It gives greater satisfaction, by virtue of in- creased control over work in process, than developing and print- ing which IS reassigned on contract. Requires Eflacient Work But a service department has as much power to do harm — alienating customers bv inexpert work — as it has to do good. It requires eflicient svstcm and .skilled help. T. P. Taylor & Co have placed an expert at the head of their laboratory, and have provided him with throe assistants. When a patron wishes advice as well as supplies it is readily available. News AND Trade Section Mostly Personal Druggist on One Corner 39 Years IX business on one corner since 1S76, A. C. Bayles, owner and manager of the Bayles Pharmacy, 299 iMain street, Port Washington, X. V., has developed his business from a little combination drug and shoe store in a one story wooden building to both a drug and a shoe store in a handscmc three- The Bayles Pharmacy at Port Washington, N. Y. stor>- block. Either business, as it exists today, would be a credit to the life work of any man. Forty-three years ag3 Mr. Bayles chose the site of his pres- ent store in what was then the center of the little town, as the best place to establish a shoe business. Four years later the necessities of the town demanded that it have a drug store and Mr. Bayles responded to the demand. One-half •of his store was devoted to drugs and the other half to shoes. In 1900, just as Mr. Bayles was planning to enlarge his -drug business to the exclusion of the shoe store, the entire store burned down. He moved to a little building on the other comer of the lot where he continued to do business until last June. The present store, housed in the three-story brick build- ing built by Mr. Bayles, is said to be the finest drug store on Long Island outside of Brooklyn. The main store, which is 32 by 55 feet, is fitted with mahogany fixtures and has four large plate glass display windows. In the r°ar of the store is a thirty-foot prescription room :iii his Coin-controlled perfume iiujehine. handkerchief sprayed with a high grade perfume. The ma- chine is arranged so that the customer may have a choice of four perfumes. The Mills Novelty Company offers to send the machine filled with perfume or the druggist may u»c his own special brand. A feature of tliis machine is that the bottles are within the sight of the customer, thus fjnring in itself an excellent show case for the display of choice brands of perfumes. August. 1915] THE PTTAR:\rArEr'Tl(\\L ERA 365 HIGHER PRICES FOR MOST CHEMICALS A Cod Liver Oil in the Ascendant — Bromides Scarce ■with Active Domestic and Export Demand Sees pages 23 to 32 for Prices Current. D Ch.\nges Since Last Report A- A— Acetanilid lb. 1.00 — U2S D A— .\cid. Acetic. C. P. Glacial, 99^%... lb. .22 — .28 A A— Acid, Benzoic, from Toluol lb. 3.40 — 4.00 A A— Acid, Carbolic, Crvstal, Bulk lb. 1.70 — 1.80 10 and IS-lb. cans lb. 1.75 — 1.85 A- 1-lb. bottles lb. 1.80 — 1.85 A — Acid. Cinnamic oz. .20 — .26 A- A — Acid, Citric. Crj-stals, kegs lb. .72 — .75 Less lb. .80 — .90 D Granulated lb. .85 — .95 A- A—.\cid Gallic. H. 5^ and 1-lb. cartons, .lb. .90 — 1.00 A- D— .\cid. Lactic. Dilute oz. .05 — .07 A- A— .\cid. Oxalic lb. .35 — .45 D Powdered lb. .40 — .50 A— Acid. Picric lb. 2.25 — 2.75 A- A— .Acid. Pyroligneous, Crude lb. .30 — .40 D- A— .\cid. Salicylic. 1-lb. cartons lb. 2.85 — 3.05 A- Bulk lb. 2.80 — 3.00 A— .\deps Lanae, Anhydrous lb. 1.60 — 1.80 A- Hydrous lb. 1.40 — 1.50 A- A — .-Vmbergris, Gray dr. 4.00 — 6.00 A- A— .Ammonium Bromide, 1-lb. bottles lb. 1.60 — 1.75 D- A — .Ammonium Carbonate, Resub., cubes. A- 1-lb. bots lb. .29 — .36 A- A — .Ammonium Iodide lb. 4.50 — 5.30 A- A — .Ammonium Molybdate oz. .32 — .40 A- A — .Ammonium Salicylate lb. 1.80 — 2.25 D- A— Arnica Flowers lb. ..30 — .35 A- D— Balsam Fir. Canada lb. 1.00 — 1.10 A- Oregon lb. .16 — .18 A- D— Beans. Vanilla. Mexican, cut lb. 3.23 — 3.50 Bourbon lb. 3.50 — 3.75 A- D— Belladonna Leaves, German lb. 1.00 — 1.25 A- Root. German lb. 1.35 — 1.45 A- Powdered lb. 1.45 — 1 50 A- A— Blue Ma-ss (Blue Pill) lb. .82 -- .88 A- Powdered lb. .85 — .92 A- A— Borax. Refined lb. — .10 A- Powdered lb. .09 — .12 A— Buckthorn Bark lb. .38 — .42 A- A— Caffeine, Pure (oz. 50-60) lb. 7.00 — 7.50 Citrated lb. 4.15 — 4.35 D- A— Calamus, White, Peeled and Split lb. .62 ~ .68 A- A — Calendula Flowers lb. .60 — .70 A- A — Camphor. Refined, ^-Ib. squares lb. .47 — .52 D- D— Cantharides. Russian, Sifted lb. 5.00 — 5.25 D- Powdered lb. 5.25 — 5.50 A- A— Cascarilla Bark lb. .26 — .30 D- Powdered lb. .,34 — .37 A- A— Cassia, China lb. .16 — .20 Powdered lb. .18 — .23 D— Celery Seed lb. .26 — .30 D- D— Colocynth. Select lb. .40 — .50 D- Pulp lb. .60 •- .65 A- A— Condurango Bark, True lb. .40 — .45 A- .A— Copaiba. South .American lb. .50 — .55 A- A— Copper Sulph.ite (Blue Vitriol) lb. .12 — .15 Powdered lb. .13 — .16 A- A— Coriander Seed lb. .10 — .12 A- A— Cumin Seed lb. .32 — .38 A- D— Dandelion Root lb. ..^O — 33 A— Cut lb. 32 — .38 D— Digitalis Leaves. German lb. .32 — .36 A— Powdered lb. .38 — .42 D- A— Doggrass. Cut lb. .60 — .65 D- D— Dover's Powder lb. 2.25 — 2 60 D- nr.ii^on's Blood, Powdered lb. .40 -- .70 Extra lb. 1.10 — 1.35 Powdered lb. 1.15 — 1.38 Reeds lb. .90 —100 Elm Bark, Powdered Pure lb. .23 — .33 Euonymin (Eclectic Powder) oz. .40 — .45 —Fennel Seed lb. .40 — .52 — Formaldehyde lb. .14 — .26 —Garlic, on strings string .25 — .30 —Grains of Paradise lb. .40 — .45 Powdered lb. .45 — .51 — Guaiac, Resin lb. .40 — .45 Powdered lb. .45 — .55 — Guarana (Paullinia) lb. 1.50 — 160 Powdered lb. 1.65 — 1.75 — Heliotropin oz. — .32 — Hexamethylenamine lb. .85 — 1.10 — Hydrochinon oz. .35 — .45 — Hyoscyamine Hydrobromide gr. .20 — .27 —Ipecac Root, Cartagena lb. 2.40 — 2.60 Powdered lb. 2.45 — 2.60 —Isinglass, Russian lb. 6.00 — 6.60 —Juniper Berries lb. .09 — .12 -Lanolin lb. 1.40 — 1.50 Anhydrous lb. 1.60 — 1.80 —Licorice Root, Powdered Spanish lb. .18 — .24 -Lithium Bromide lb. 2.60 — 3.50 -Lithium Salicylate lb. 2.75 — 3.00 — Lycopodium lb. 1.10 — 1 15 —Magnesium, Metal, Powdered oz. .32 — .40 —Magnesium Sulphate (Sal Epsom) .... lb. .05 — .OS -Malva Flowers, Blue, Small lb. 2.00 — 2.25 -Manna, Flake, Small lb. .58 — .62 -Menthol, Crystal (oz. .25-.30) lb. 2.80 —3.00 -Mercury lb. 1.45 — 1 55 —Mercury, Ammoniated (white precip.).lb. 1.80 — 1.90 — ]\Iercury, Bichloride (cor. sub.) lb. 1.45 — 1.55 Powdered lb. 1.40 — 1.50 -Mercury Bisulphate lb. — 1.35 -Mercury, Chloride, Mild (Calomel) . .lb. 1.55 --1.60 -Mercury, Oxide, Red (Red precip.) . .lb. 1.60 — 1.70 -Mercury, .Sulphate (Turpeth Mineral). lb. 1.25 — 1.80 -Mercury with Chalk (by succussion ) . lb. .85 — .95 -Naphthalene, f5ake or balls lb. .18 — .20 -Oil, Almond, Bitter lb. 7.00 — 8.00 Without Acid lb. 7.50 — 8.50 -Oil, Amber, Crude, Dark lb. .24 — .27 Rectified lb. .36 — .40 -Oil Aniseed, Star lb. 1.50 —160 -Oil Bergamot lb. 3.75 - 3.90 -Oil, Birch, Black (Betula) lb. 2.60 —2.70 -Oil, Cassia lb. 1.25 — 1.50 -Oil, Cedar Leaves, Pure lb. .65 — .75 -Oil, Citronella lb. 1.55 — 1,60 -Oil, Cloves lb. 1.30 — 1.40 -Oil, Cod Liver, Norwegian gal. 2.50 — 2.75 Barrels ea. 70.00 —75.00 i/l-barrels ea. 37.50 —40.00 -Oil, Coriander oz. .62 — .70 -Oil, Croton lb. 1.20 —1.35 -Oil, Fennel Seed, Pure lb. 3.25 — 3.75 -Oil, Hemlock lb. .80 — .90 -Oil, Lavender Flowers lb. 4.50 — 5.25 Garden, French lb. 1.35 - 1.50 -Oil, Lemon lb. 1.50 — 1.65 -Oil, Male Fern, Ethereal lb. 5.50 — 6.00 -Oil, Mustard, Artificial lb. 4.75 — 5 00 -Oil, Orange, Bitter lb. 2.30 — 2.40 Sweet lb. 2.20 — 2.45 -Oil, Peach Kernels lb. .50 — .60 -Oil, Peppermint, Western lb. 1.80 — 190 -Oil, Salad, Union Oil Co gal. .70 — .78 -Oil, Sandalwood, English lb. 6.25 — 6.50 366 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [August, 1915 A— Oil, Thyme, Red No. 1 lb. 1.70 — 1.80 A — Ointment, Mercurial, ^ Mercury ....lb. 1.00 — 1.10 Vs Mercury lb. .90 — 1.00 A— Paraldehyde lb. 1.75 — 2.00 D— Pareira Brava Root lb. .28 — .34 A— Pitch, Burgundy, American lb. .08 — .12^ A— Potassa, White, Sticks lb. .55 — .70 A — Potassium Acetate lb. .50 — .60 A — Potassium Bichromate lb. .26 — .33 A — Potassium Bitartrate (Cream Tartar), powdered lb. .37 — .45 A— Potassium Bromide lb. 1.55 — 1.80 A — Potassium Carbonate, Refined (Sal Tar- tar) lb. .35 — .42 A— Potassium Nitrate '...lb. .24 — .29 Powdered lb. .23 — .30 C. P lb. .35 — .40 A — Potassium Permanganate lb. 1.25 — 1.50 Powdered lb. 1.35 — 1.69 A— Potassium Prussiate, Red lb. 1.00 — 1.25 Yellow lb. .65 — .90 A — Quinine Acetate lb. .72 — .74 A — Quinine Sulphate, 100-oz. tins oz. .30 — .31 5-oz. tins oz. .35 — .36 1-oz. vials oz. .40 — .42 A— Resorcin, Pure White lb. 3.25 — 3.75 A— Rochelle Salt lb. .26^— .35 D— Rose Leaves, Red lb. 2.15 — 2.30 A— Saffron, American (Safflower) lb. .80 — .90 D— Saffron, Spanish, True, Valencia lb. 13.00 —13.25 A— Salol lb. 3.75 - 3.90 D— Santonin lb. 4.25 — 4.75 D— Saw Pahnetto Berries lb. .16 — .20 D— Senega Root lb. .52 — .62 Powdered lb. .60 — .70 A— Soap, Castile, White, Conti's box 5.75 — 6.00 D— Soap Tree Bark, whole lb. .15 — .18 Cut lb. .20 — .24 Powdered lb. .20 — .25 A— Sodium Benzoate lb. 3.10 — 3.40 A — Sodium Bromide lb. 1.40 — 1.60 A— Sodium Salicylate lb. 3.50 — 3.80 A — Spirits Turpentine gal. .54 — .62 A — Strontium Bromide lb. 1.40 — 1.58 A— Sulphonmethane, U. S. P lb. 6.50 — 8.25 A— Sulphonethylmeth, U. S. P lb. 8.00 —10.00 D— Terpin Hydrate oz. .45 — .50 A— Thymol lb. 13.00 —13.50 A— Turpentine, Venice lb. .70 — .80 A— Uva Ursi lb. .15 — .20 Powdered lb. .22 — .28 A — Wormseed, Levant (Santonica) lb. 1.65 — 1.75 Powdered lb. 1.70 — 1.80 A— Zinc Acetate, 1-lb. bottles lb. .40 — .50 D— Zinc Chloride, Fused lb. .30 — .40 A — Zinc Sulphate, Crystals lb. .08 — .10 A — Advanced; D — Declined; C — Correction; N — New New York, July 22.— A study of the market for the period under review shows a general advance in prices for most drugs and chemicals, the exceptions being confined to articles which relatively are unimportant. Among the most notable advances are those pertaining to cod liver oil, following the estimate that Norway dealers have less than 20,000 barrels which have not been contracted for ; and of bromine and bromides, due to the dearth in offerings, domestic supplies having been prac- tically absorbed and stocks in second hands exhausted. Col- lectively all chemical products show an upward trend, and there is an active demand for export. Other notable advances recorded above are those for acetanilid, carbolic acid, caffeine, copper sulphate, lanolin, mercurials of all kinds, naphthalene, the Messina essences, potassium salts and compounds, s: licylic acid and salicylates, and the various benzoates. The most im- portant declines are those relating to Canadian balsam of tir, Russian canlharides, dandelion root, digitalis leaves, ipecac root, menthol, oil cassia, oil sandalwood, oil coriander, pareira brava root, rose leaves, santonine, saw palmetto berries, and senega root. No record transactions have been reported since our last report, and while a lively interest is being shown in the market than ordinarily obtains at this time of the year, domestic business is apparently restricted to actual current re- quirements. OproM — Demand for this narcotic is anything but active, and prices remain unchanged at $7.50 to $7.75 for natural, $8.85 to $9 for granulated, and $8.75 to $8.95 for U. S. P. powdered. Buying for export is in evidence. The Harrison anti-narcotic law has no doubt had much to do with lessen- ing the domestic demand for all narcotics, and it is now esti- mated that when the trade eventually becomes thoroughly ad- justed to the new conditions and restrictions occasioned by the law, the consumption of these products will be greatly cur- tailed. Quinine — The domestic situation is firm in sympathy with the conditions prevailing in foreign markets. Stocks m Lon- don are smaller than they have been in many years, and the English dealers have been bidding actively for cinchona bark and quinine sulphate. It is said that American manufacturers are closely adhering to their policy of preventing thair prod- ucts from falling into the hands of exporters, and are refus- ing to sell quantities beyond the actual current requirements of domestic consumers. Prices are firmly held by manufac- turers on the bulk basis of 30c per ounce in 100-oz. tins. Cod Liver Oil — This article has furnished one of the spec- tacular features of the month's changes, prices having advanced to $70 to $75 per barrel, and $37.50 to $40 per half barrel, due to the prospective scarcity of supplies needed for next w inter's consumption. It appears from final estimates that the shortage in the production this year is about 3,000 barrels, while stocks in this covmtry are smaller than they have been at this season for many years past. Reports from Norway state that Nor- way dealers have less than 20,000 barreb which have not been contracted for by the Germans, and when this quantity cemes. to be divided up between England, which, under ordinary conditions, requires about 15,000 barrels, the United States, which requires about 12,000 barrels, and other countries with their wants, to say nothing of Germany's own normal con- sumption, which equals about that of England, the future is not very promising. This scarcity, as might be expected, has stimulated a more active demand for the Newfoundland prod- uct, which is holding around $45 per barrel. All things con- sidered, the future outlook for the Norwegian oil iji this market is largely a matter of guesswork. Mercurials — A further upward revision of prices has char- acterized the quotations on all mercurials, due to the higher cost of quicksilver, a dearth of which has been reported in various quarters, the condition being further aggravated by the prohibition of exports from Italy, one of the most important producing countries in the world. The following is a revised schedule of jobbing quotations: Mercury, $1.45 to $155 per pound; ammoniated (white precipitate), $1.80 to $1.90; bi- chloride (corrosive sublimate), $1.45 to $1.55; powdered, $1.40 to $1.50; bisulphate, $1.35; chloride, mild (calomel), $1.55 to $1.60; red oxide (red precipitate), $1.60 to $1.70; sulphate (Turpeth mineral), $125 to $1.80, and mercury with chalk (by succussion), 85c to 95c. Naphthalene — Following the very active demand early in the month prices have steadily advanced and offerings are re- stricted, jobbers now quoting 18c to 20c per pound for both flake and balls. Lanolin — Extreme scarcity and an active demand has not been without effect on the varieties and brands of woolfat on the market. The prices are the highest quoted for a long time, as is shown by the following figures: Adeps lar.ar. an- hydrous, $1.60 to $1.80; hydrous, $1.40 to $1.50; larolin is quoted at similar figures. Bromides — .All of the medicinal bromide salts have advanced sharply, owing to a dearth of offerings and the inability of manufacturers to supply current demands. Potassium bro- mide has been especially active and prices have been marked up to $1.55 to $1.80 per pound. Other bromides are qiioted as follows: Ammonium, $1.60 to $1.75; lithium, $2.60 to $.v50; sodium, $1.40 to $1.60; strontium, $1.40 to $1.58. Carbolic Acid — .\ continued strong demand exists for U. S. P. grade, and this, with the known scarcity of supplies, tends to restrict the business to transictions of a hand-to-mouth character. Quotations have been advanced to $1.70 lo $1.80 for crystal in bulk, and $1.75 to $1.S5 in 5 and 10-pound cans. One-pound bottles are held at $1.80 to $1.85. Recent August, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 367 arrivals of small quantities for medicinal use from England and Scotland have been reported. Saxtoxin — An easier feeling is noticeable, a condition that is reflected in the lowering of jobbing quotations to S-1.25 to ^.75 per ounce. Citric Acid — The market shows strength, although It is re- ported that manufacturers are now making larger deliveries to their regular customers than they have done for some time. C.\XTHARIDES — Reccnt arrival of Russian flies by way of Archangel have eased the market greatly, and prices have been reduced $5 to ^^5.25 per pound for sifted, and $5.25 to $5.50 for powdered. Potassium S.\lts — Many of these are in short supply and prices are advancing. This is particularly true of the per- manganate, which jobbers quote at $1.25 to $1.50 for crystals, and $1.35 to $1.69 per pound for powdered. Other salts are quoted as follows: Acetate, 50c to 60c; bichromate, 26c to 33c; bitartrate (cream tartar), 37c to 45c; refined carbonate (sal tartar), 35c to 42c; red prussiate, $1 to $1.25; yellow prussiate, 65c to 90c. Essential Oils — The Messina essences show an upward trend in sympathy with advancing prices in primary markets. Bergamot is quoted at $3.75 to $3.90, lemon at $1.50 to SI. 65, and orange, bitter, at $2.30 to $2.40; sweet, $2.20 to $2.45. Bitter almond oil has also been advanced, quotations ranging from $7 to $S per pound, as to brand and description. Fen- nel oil shows strength on reports of diminishing supplies in the country of production, and jobbing quotations have ad- vanced to $3.25 to $3.75. Lavender flower oil is higher at $4.50 to $5.25, the garden variety being quoted at $1 35 to $1.50. Artificial oil of mustard has been advanced to $4.75 to $5 per pound, and ethereal oil of male fern to $5.50 to $6 per pound. Declines in prices are noted for star anise, cassia, coriander, and English sandalwood oils, the last named being obtainable at S6.25 to $6.50 per pound. T.\RT.\R Products — Prospective shortage of crude argcls in the near future has caused manufacturers to view the situa- tion with some misgivings, and as a consequence, all prod- ucts of this character show strength. An active demand is reported and tartaric acid is quoted at 50c to 55c for crystal, and 51c to 56c for powdered; cream tartar (potassium bi- tartrate), 37c to 45c; Rochelle salt, 26}Xc to 35c. Seidlitz mLxture shows a corresponding advance. C.^PFEIXE — The demand continues active, with quotations at $7 to $7.50 per pound for pure, and $4.15 to .$4.35 for titrated. Oxalic Acid — Scarcity of supplies, most of which have hitherto come from Germany and Norway, has caused prices to be strongly upheld, and jobbers are quoting 35c to 45c for crystal and 40c to 50c for powdered. Vanilla Be.\ns — A slight decline is noted for some vaj-ieties, Me.xican cut being offered at $3.25 to $3.50, and Bourbons at S3.50 to $3.75 per pound. Thymol — Notwithstanding reported recent heavy arrivals of ajowan seed, domestic manufacturers have difficulty in cop- ing with the demand, and prices have been advanced to $13 to $13.50 per pound. Hydrochinon — In sympathy with advices from abroad for this article, and the inability of domestic manufacturers to meet the demand, higher prices prevail, with quotations at 35c to 40c per ounce. Glyco-Heroin Under the Narcotic Law In maintaining Glyco-Heroin (Smith) for the exclusive use of physicians, the Martin H. Smith Company, New York City, manufacturer, states that it has not varied the corrposi- tion of the product to meet any exemption or privilege allowed under the Harrison anti-narcotic law. The preparation is in- tended for the convenience and use of physicians only, who are permitted to prescribe it by simply using ordinary pre- scription blanks, giving the name of the patient, his own name and address, registry number, and date, as provided under the regulations. The manufacturers also call attention in their advertising to the fact that the druggist must now show the disposi- tion of all narcotics by his record, and the records required by the Federal law make substitution a serious offense. These requirements, the company are confident, will end any unfair competition heretofore experienced in the employment of a spurious article. It is safe to say that the policy fol'owcd by the Martin H. Smith Company in this particular v/ill be generally approved by druggists. Mulford "First-Aid" Iodine Ampuls Iodine is now considered to be the ideal germicide and local antiseptic when applied directly to wounds or abrasions, par- ticularly those of gunshot or blank cartridge origin, its applica- tion preventing the growth of tetanus, streptococci, and other disease producing germs. Its extensive use in the European war has proved its effectiveness, and Iodine "First-Aid" Am- puls have afforded a practical means of applying it for such treatment. These ampuls are also specially suitable for use in hospitals, and by National Guards, Boy Scouts, industrial plants, railroads and steamships, as well as emergency kits of the household, in automobiles, police and hospital am- bulances. Mulford "First-Aid" Iodine Ampuls are supplied by the H. K. Mulford Company, Philadelphia, in packages of ten ampuls, each containing Syi per cent solution of iodine, and packed in a wooden tube, thus protecting the ampul from frac- ture. The method of use is easy and affords an efficient means of applying immediately to wounded or abraded sur- faces this most effective antiseptic. Mennen Advertising Campaign The House of Mennen, Newark, N. J., is conducting a big midsummer advertising campaign in popular magazines to help druggists sell Mennen talcum powder. Back covers have been reserved in the following publications for both July and August numbers: Ladies Home Journal, Good Housekeeping Magazine, Delineator, Designer, Woman's Magazine, Wom- an's Home Companion, Pictorial Review. The Butterick Fash- ions, Standard Fashions and New Ideas in Fashions will also carry advertisements of Mennen talcum. This investment in ad- vertising totals $35,000 for ten magazines. Advertisements will appear in twenty-three magazines in all during the summer. Special Offer of Water Colors The Japanese Water Color Company of Rochester, N Y., announces a special offer to druggists, namely a "Jap Jr." booklet containing all the necessary colors and instructions for doing every kind of transparent coloring. Twelve books are sent in each box containing sufficient "Peerless" color for 2,000 prints or lantern slides. The colors are put up in neat, hinged-covered boxes with hand-colored prints in the cover. The new "Jap Jr." book of colors retails for fifty cents and is sold only tiirough druggists. "Still Rock" Mineral Water "Still Rock," a natural alkaline table water, is said by the manufacturers to be highly recommended by physicians in the treatment of indigestion, rheumatism and gout. This water, which is bottled at the Still Rock Spa, Waukesha, Wisconsin, is used largely in the treatment of diabetes, ac- cording to a booklet issued by tlie Still Rock Company at its offices in New York City. Solmides Eliminate "Bromism" Because they dissolve quickly, thereby overcoming the un- pleasant taste of bromides, solmides can be administered to patients who are not table to take or retain other prepara- tions of these salts, according to a leaflet recently pub- lished by Sharp & Dohme. Solmides are soluble, effervescent tablets of the bromides of ammonium, sodium and potas- sium. They are prepared in two standard strengths, a five grain size and a two and a half grain size. Owing to the fact that solmides are friable they are packed only in tubes of twenty-five. The Wilmarth Show Case Company recently entertained the entire traveling sales force of the Minneapolis Drug Com- pany of Minneapolis, Minn., at the Wilmarth model factory in Grand Rapids, Mich. Under the personal escort of Sales Manager Morris of the Wilmarth company, the traveling sales- men were taken over the entire plant. This is one of the progressive in.stitutions of the country in the manufacture of drug store equijinicnt and includes every step from the lum- ber yards and dry kilns to the beveling and polishing of the plate-glass for the show cases. 'AGS THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [August. 1915 Index to Advertisers, page 34. Index to Goods Advertised, pages 35-36 Index to Text Pages Abstracts, Foreign, 345. Acid, Picric, 346. Advertising, Neighbors, Best, 338. Armstrong Cork Co., 364. Arsenic Iodide, 345. Art Materials as Side Line, 334. Aspirin, Decomposition by Wa- ter, 345. Assays, Alkaloidal, Error, 345. Associations, Clubs, etc. — Alabama Pharm., 361. Allied Drug Interests, 349 American Chemical Society, 358. American Conference of Facul- ties, 349. American Dairy, Food and Drug Officials, 349. American Medical, 358. American Pharmaceutical, 349. California Pharm., 349. Florida Pharmaceutical, 359. Idaho State Pharmaceutical, 362. Indiana Pharmaceutical, 362. Maryland Pharmaceutical, 360. Mississippi Pharmaceutical, 362. National Boards of Pharmacy, 349. National Wholesale Druggists, 349. New Hampshire Pharn.., 159. New York County Phjir:n. Soc, 348. New York Drug and Chemical Club, 349. New York Retail Druggists, 361. New York State Pharmaceut- ical, 357. Ohio State Pharm., 362. Philadelphia Retail Druggists, 358. St. Louis Drug Club, 362. South Carolina Pharm., 361. Tennessee Pharmaceutical, 359. Texas Pharmaceutical, 362. Utah Pharmaceutical, 361. Vermont Pharmaceutical, 359. Washington State Pharm., 360. West Virginia Pharm., 358. Wisconsin Pharm., 361. Atophan, 346. Baker, Herbert, 354. Bayles, A. C, 353. Beal, L. H., 355. Billings, Frank M., 355. Bismuth Subacetate, 346. Boards of Pharmacy- Maryland, 360. New York, 358. Books Reviewed— KoUer, Utilization of Waste Products, 344. Mason, The Druggist and his Profits, 344. New and Non-Official Reme- dies, 344. Philadelphia Route Book, 354. Brookley, Will, 354. Bush, Burton T., 354. Business Building Plans, Drug- gists', 350. Business, Departmentizing, 335. Calcium Hypophosphite, 346. Calcium Phosphate, Precipitated, 346. Cameras, Big Year, 356. Cameras and Photo. Supplies, 351. Cannabis Indica, Variable Com- position, 346. Cartmell, T. B., 354. Cinchona, Assay, 345. Coffee in Drug Stores, 341. Cohen, Julius, 335. Colleges of Pharmacy- Brooklyn, 349. Georgia University, 349. New York, 342. North Pacific, 349. Oregon Argicultural, 349. Conklin, J. S., 354. Conklin Pen Mfg. Co., 356. Cream, Sunburn, 343. Creme de Toilette, 343. "Cure," as Name of Remedy in Nebraska, 342. Department Store, Learning Methods, 339. Depilatory, Liquid, 343. Depilatory, Paste, 343. Digitalis, Assay, Necessity, 345. Display, Science, 340. Dohme, Dr. A. R. L., 354. Drug Business, Retail, Build- ing by ^fail, 337. Editorials- Instruction in Accounting, 332. Narcotic Law and Prescribing, 332. Passing of Whisky from the U. S. P., 331. Emetine Hydrochloride, 346. Epsom Salt, Utah Beds, 344. Extract, Pituitary, 346. Fischman, Harry, 335. Fitts, Pryor W., 355. Foot, Sam, 354. Fountain Pens as Side- Line, 333. Frey, George A., 353. General Export & Commission Co., 335. Gloriosa Superba, Constituents, 345. Golden, Robert P., 355. Griffin, J. C, 355. Hagenow, 'Ifleodore F., 354. Hanson, Emelius G., 355. Herb Remedy, 3+;. Hergesheimer, Paul, 355. Hills Drug Co., D. H., 353. Hoffman's Anodyne, 346. Hohner, M., 364. Ice Cream Specialties, Pushing, 335. Jacobson, Adolph, 335. Jacobson, William, 335. Jones, Daniel R., 354. Karlin, A. A., 354. Ladd Co., B. W., 335. Lapham, A. E., 355. Lee, Mrs. William E., 349. Litchfield, Edwin C, 355. Lowry, William A., 355. Market Report, 365. Marmor, Lazarus, joi, 361. Mercury and Nitric Acid, 343. Microscope, Immersion Fluid, 346. Mitchell, C. C, 335. Morsman, A., 355. Mostly Personal, 353. Narcotic List, Additions, 347. Nashville (Tenn.) Retail Drug- gists, 342. New Preparations and Special- ties, 362. Norderling, Dr. K. A., 355. Noyes, C. R., 339. Obituaries, 355. Oil, Chenopodium, 346. Page, George Lapnam, 35S. Parke, Davis & Co., 356. Paton, Benjamin W., 355. Perfume Machine, Coin-Con- trolled, 364. Phtographic Department, Suc- cessful, 352. Picking Things to Push, 333. Plant, Joseph, 354. Question Box, 343. Rosin, not Used in Medicine, 346. Schuh, Harry W., 355. Sealing Wax, Cheap, 344. Selling Methods, 340. Sherman, Dr. Lewis, j'o. Soap, Reducing Power, 345. Sodium Phosphate, Acid, 346. Sparteine Sulphate, 346. Spear, Frank L., 354. Specialties to Push, 334. Staphylococcus Vaccine, 34C Stevens Bill, N. Y. Ph. A. En- dorses, 357. Sugar, Cane, Inversion in Syrup, 336. Sulphur, Argentine, 348. Sutphen, Frank C, 355. Swindlers, Drug Trade, 335. Syrup, Inversion of Sugar, 336. Taggart, C. R., 354. Taylor & Co., T. P., 352. Temm, Dr. Francis A., 355. Thiesen, T. W., 354. Tincture Opium, Assay Pro- cess, 345. Trade, Methods of .Attracting, 339. Typhoid Vaccine, 346. Van Voorhies, Ralph J., 355. Virburnum Prunifolium, 346. Wallick, Frank E., 355. Walman, Mrs. Caroline L., 3SS. W.'ird Ur.^-. Drug Co., 34'J. W.is^.r^clKia, A. A., 35-!. Weight, Declaration on Label. 336. Whelpley, Dr. H. M., 354. Wiles, Stanley G., 354. Women in Pharmacy, 3-VX Vott, Frank, 355. NEW CHEMISTRY ENGINEERING COURSE Columbia University to Meet Demand Will Inaugu- rate Work at Fall Term Professor Milton C. Whitaker has been appointed head of the new department of themical engineering which will be fstiil.li-^licd at Columbia University, New York City, in the f,,ll 1,, 1,1, ,1 the demands for more men in this line of ^^,.,\, MM isiMiicd by the conditions resulting from the European li, I ,1 1 l is offered courses leading to a degree in ,1 I , ,,,.,im: fnr the last ten years, but the new ,],,,! 'i' I't ill the cvr.'; of iho trusters to make , , . ill, ",,.,,.i;ni/r,l st.in.lin..;. The ,,|',|'^ , , ,1 i,, 111, n-w ,lri.;nt.iM „l With .),, i,„|, |,,ii' \ ' i"i ;i 1:1 cif (luniical industries in this coun- try to manvifacture goods which cannot now be imported, the university has ahcady feh the demand for men trained in tlie fuiuhimi nt.ils of cnpinccrinq. This demand was felt last year and tiie classes materially increased. Many of the large industrial firms made application for men before the year was over. .Xccording to the statement given out by the trustees tlie fields most seriously affected are those which manufutun i il t.ir dyes, synthetic drugs from which phax- maccutii il i i.hIiuis are made, synthetic tanning materials, barium eoiniuniiuls, magnesium compounds, chemical and decorated glassware, ferromanganese used extensively in the metallurgical industries, and potash and air nitrate used ill fertilizers. The new chemical laboratories and new equipment at the university make it possible for the department to conduct ex- tensive research work along these lines. i TT-r TTT TTI XT! L2JL_ II anIlllustrated >>^^^^^ubucatio^q^^e1)rug ^rade] Vol. XLVIII New York, September, 191; No. 9 The Pharmaceutical Era. PUBLISHED ON THE FIRST OF EACH MONTH. D. O. Havnes & Co. . . . Publishers Xo. 3 Park Place, New York Telephone, 7646 Barclay. Cable Address, "Era, New York." SUBSCRIPTION RATES: Domestic Rates to U. S., Cuba. Hawaii, Porto Rico, the Philippines and Mexico. To Canada, postpaid. Subscription $1.00 a year With Era Price List 1.50 a year Subscription 1.50 a year With Era Price List 2.00 a year Subscription 2.00 a year With Era Price List 2.50 a year REMIT by P. O. or Express Order or New York Draft pay- ible to order of D. O. Haynes 4 Co. Add 10 cents for collection charges if you send local check. Single Copies, 15 cents. Published at No. 3 Park Place, Borough of Manhattan, New York, by D. O. Haynes & Co., a corporation: President and treas- urer, D. O. Haynes; vice-president, E. J. Kennedy; secretary, N. W. Haynes. Address of Officers is No. 3 Park Place, New York. Entered at the New York Post-Ojjice as Second-class Matter. Copyright, IQI5, by D. O. Haynes & Co. All rights reserved Title Registered in the United States Patent Office. Table of Contents EonoRiAL AND Ph.\rm.\ceutic.\l Pages 369-388 Editorials 369-370 Spokane Boasts Finest Store 371-374 Getting Dollars out of the Telephone 375 Booming the Sales of ''Smokes" 377-378 Building Retail Business by Mail 379-380 Jottings from Great Britain 380 "Discovering" Rubber Goods Department 381-382 Question Box 383-384 Elevating the Profession of Pharmacy 383-386 ■ Foreign Abstracts 387 ^ Annual Convention of the A. Ph. A 388-390 iN'Ews AND Trade Section Pages 391-408 I Cameras and Photographic Supplies 391-392 \ Profit Sharing Coupons a Live Retailing Issue .... 393 ■ , Women in Pharmacy 394 : Rise of a Dayton, Ohio, Druggist 395 ; Mostly Personal 395-396 ;' Deaths in the Drug Trade 397-398 [' Board of Pharmacy E.xaminations 399-400 ;■ New Goods and Specialties 403 I Patents and Trademarks 404 i Drug Markets 405-408 INDEX TO ADVERTISERS Page 32 f XDEX TO GOODS .\DVERTTSED Pages 33,34 ;j NDEX TO RE.XDTXG PAGES Pages 408 GALVESTON NEEDS HELP Manufacturing and wholesale druggists have in the past always been ready and willing to go to the assistance of retail druggists whose stores have .suffered through great catastrophes such as the Dayton, Johnstown and Galveston floods. The re- cent storm at Galveston has again made such help necessary. A telegram to The Era from a Hotiston druggist says: "Galveston druggists severely damaged. From three to five feet of water in downtown stores. IMauufacturers can render a great service by re- placing damaged goods and furnishing wrappers and labels. No loss of life among the druggists, and only a few in all. Everyone optimistic and are going to build a bigger and greater Galveston." The Era urges prompt co-operation with these druggists, so that they may soon be in a position to take care of their trade. CLEAVAGE IN PHARMACEUTICAL PRACTICE According to the report of the field pharmacist of the Kentucky Food and Drugs Department, evi- dence is not lacking which tends to show that in time there will be the pharmacy equipped and manned to do any and all pharmaceutical and chem- ical work the public and medical profession may de- mand, and the drug store with its varied line of merchandise, its service of soft drinks and lunches, will have very little, if any, genuine drug business. As he sees it, the "cleavage" has already begun, for in a number of the large cities there are phar- macies devoted to the filling of prescriptions and the selling of drugs and of such goods as are needed by the afflicted and in the sick chamber. While these stores, he .states, are suece.ssful, there are drug stores equally successful, which are devoted to the sale of patent and proprietary medicines, varied lines of merchandise, candy, etc. In the smaller c the combination sf he sees it. Ihe pro^' oughly o(|iiIpi,. ,1 ii demands of tiic hn Thcs.. r,lK,.rv;,li, conolusinns nil present cfitul it ions of pl'jirniacy thi'oi < ;irul towns, the necessity for will r(,nt iniic to exist, but as 1 l Miont must be thor- ■vwiulil siirriT'd in meeting the iii'l tiir pii.\ sifian. \\r iii lic\c, coincide with the ilrnts win, ;iro in touch with (I who li;ivi' notcf] the trend out the country. The phar- 370 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [September, 1915 niacy laws and regulations enacted yearly are be- coming more rigorous and exacting as to the profes- sional knowledge and practical experience the phar- macist shall possess, while the public, through legis- lation, is demanding a kind of service that cannot be well met by any but the trained specialist. This pro- fessional service is further demanded by the physi- cian, and even Uncle Sam, by his representatives in the Internal Revenue Department, comes forward and rules that the proprietor of a drug store, imless he be a registered pharmacist, may not sell narcotics under the Harrison law. In fact, all indications mem to point toward the restriction of pharmaceuti- cal practice to professional pharmacists. LOOKING TOWARD PRICE MAINTENANCE Of historic moment is the recent decision in the Cream of Wheat case, for it for the first time brings to the forefront a judicial construction of the Clay- ton Act, supplementary to the Sherman Anti- Trust law, setting forth very clearly the principles out- lined in that law, and their application to the mar- keting and sale of proprietary and trademarked articles of commerce. The decision seems to us to be a practical indorsement of honest endeavor to maintain fair prices, and a wholesome rebuke to de- structive price cutting. Briefly, the facts in the case are that the Great Atlantic & Pacifie Tea Co., against which the de- •cision is rendered, appealed to the courts on the claim that the Cream of "Wheat Co. was exercising an arbitrary and monopolistic power in refusing to sell its product to the complainant. In its sales system the defendant had avoided what had been adjudged illegal combinations to maintain prices and adopted a scale of wholesale prices, enabling a retailer to sell the article with a fair profit at 14 cents, but reserved the right to decline to make sales and to request purchasers not to resell so as to promote price cutting. The plaintiff operating a chain of "Economy Stores," deliberately sold the article at 12 cents and sought to enjoin the Cream of Wheat Co. from refusmg to sell it at wholesale prices and from requesting others not to sell to the Tea Company. In discussing the several contentions submitted by the complainant, the court said that the defend- ant has a monopoly in Cream of Wheat, but that it is a lawful monopoly, ultimately resting on the plain truth that there could be nothing anywhere in the United States lawfully called Cream of Wheat without the defendant's consent and appro- bation. In that substance (if legally it is a distinct substance) defendant has the monopoly of a crea- tor; something which is not and never has boon with the prohibition of any law, anti-trust or otherwise. On the contrary, that monopoly is encouraged by patent, trademark and copyright statutes, and the rules of unfair competition. Therefore the plain- tiff's ]inMniso is false and misleading. Furl tier, iho court stated that he had reasons for thinking lliat definite, positive and admitted prioo regulation is not unreasonable restraint of trade. To quote the decision: "Cream of Wheat is not a necessity ; it is not even a staple article of commerce. If it be a commodity at aU, the commodity and the name are synonymous. Its continued existence de- pends upon the defendant's ability to control the marketing of its own product. The doing of what the plaintiff wishes would take away from every groceryman near an 'Economy Store' the last in- centive to buy any Cream of Wheat, and collective- ly such grocery keepers are more important to the public and defendant than is the plaintiff. If in- junction were granted, the defendant and many re- tailers would be injured, and the microscopic bene- fit to a small portion of the public w^ould last only until the plaintiff was relieved from competition to the fourteen cent grocers when it, too, would charge what the business would nonnally and naturally bear. In short, it is the plaintiff and not the de- fendant that pursues methods whose hardship and injustice have often been judicially commented upon." The decision as a whole not only differentiates be- tween combinations in restraint of trade and the right of the vendor to select his own bona fide cus- tomers, providing the effect of such selection is not to substantially and unreasonably restrain trade, but it goes still further by suggesting that even Con- gress has no constitutional right to interfere with private property by compelling any person to sell his property to any other person. The development and fixation of this idea seems to be the crux of the whole matter, and confirms our belief that the manu- facturer of a trade-marked article can designate and maintain retail prices of his product if he so desires. THE 1915 ERA PRICE LIST The 1915 edition of the Era Price List, now prac- tically ready for delivery, has been revised from cover to cover, the changing commercial conditions of the past year being strongly reflected when one attempts to compare prices with those reported in the edition of a year ago. This feature is par- ticularly noticeable in Part 1 (Drugs and Chemi- cals). A new feature of this year's Era Price List that will be appreciated by druggists and preseription- ists is the inclusion in Part 1, in connection with prices and the "key number" of the manufacturer, short dictionary definitions of a large number of "newer remedias, " which show the physical char- acteristics, solubility, incompatibilities", medicinal uses, doses, etc.. just such information as the com- pounder needs to perform intelligent work. Part 2. showing dozen and retail prices of pro- prietars- medicines and "key numbers" which re- fer to the names and addresses of tlioir manufac- turers (an original feature of the Era Price List) has also been revised and amplified, and in its present form is without doubt the best list the Era publishers have ever issued. Part. 3, "Manufactur- ers of Proprietl Water Bottle and Fountain Syringe Marigold Hot Water Bottle m Marigold Fountain Syringe '!°:.:': $1.49 Marigold Combination Wonpeace Fountain Syringe V '""- — >' " $1.19 Wonpeace Hot Water Bottle :■„; $1.49 Wonpeace Combination main attraction and selling value is added by means of liberal use of price tickets. Newspaper advertising is also becoming more frequent. Illvistrations suitable for the purpose are fur- nished. Too much cannot be said in favor of selling good mer- chandise. Some druggists buy indiscriminately without any definite knowledge of the underlying values, which is gen- erally a poor policy. The public demands service, and as the factors determining service are not apparent on the surface, "safety-first" would dictate the advisability of the pharmacist identifying himself with a line of rubber goods put out and backed by a reliable factory. And it might also be well to heed the statement of an experienced pharmacist who says, "I have proven to my satisfaction over and over again, that one good line of any one article is enough ; but make that one- the best you can get." BIG RALLY OF RETAILERS PLANNED At an executive meeting of the Conference of Independent Retail Merchants of the Metropolitan District, New York City, plans were discussed for a big rally of retailers to be held some time in September at the Hotel Astor. .\11 retail associations within a radius of fifty miles of New York will be invited to attend. The members of the conference present reported progress in the campaign to further the passage of the Stevens bill. "The time has now come when individual action by each member of each association is necessary in order to assure the success of the campaign against predatory price cutting," said one member of the conference. "It is not enough for the associations of the organization to co-operate. The per- sonal equation is what will count." MUSK PERFUME RADIOACTIVE Three thousand pounds of rnusk on an average are shipped every year from Chunking, and fully half of this has passed through Tachienlu, which is one of the principal musk markets of the world, though eighteen days' journey from Chunking, the nearest port according to E. C. Baker, United States Consul at Chunking, China. The extraordinary penetrating power of musk perfume, Mr. Baker writes, is accounted for by the fact it is radioactive. This property causes the odor to be carried through the air in a way that would otherwise be impossible. And he adds that this radioactive property "affects most pe- culiarly the natives who carry it. If it is held close to the body for any length of time it produces sores that are prob- ably similar in character to those caused by pure radium." Musk is a secretion of certain glands or pouches of the male musk deer and is secreted only during certain seasons of the year. It is difficult to obtain pure, and one of the largest manufacturers of perfume keeps a representative at Tachienlu, near the Tibetan border, for the sole purpose of buying it. A newspaper advertisement featuring a seven-day special sale of rubber goods at Matthews Brothers' drug store, Scranton, Pa. Window displays of rubber goods are seen in increasing numbers. Even this means of pushing sales has taken on a new significance and better window trimming is the rule. Various attiadivr window and store cards, cut-outs, signs, etc., aiv liiM l)v manufacturers; one going so far as to furnish . I l l l ling screen showing a complete line and which whni iisrcl in the window, makes a very imposing feature. The merchandise itself, however, generally forms the NEW USES FOR OLD DRUGS According to a writer in Weekly Drug Markets, thfe therapeu- tic history of emetine is being written, and evidence is ac- cumulating which tends to prove that the alkaloid has an important remedial value, even if it should not prove a spe- cific for cholera, as it was reported to be some months ago from Continental countries where it was being extensively em- ployed in the treatment of that dread disease. It would ap- pear that its use for the treatment of Riggs' disease, otherwise known as pyorrhoea alvcolaris, has been accompanied by the most satisfactory results, and clinical research has gone far toward confirming the belief that it may be a real specific for that disease. Other diseases which have been successfully- treated by emetine are bronchitis and tuberculosis: it has been also advocated for use in combatting psoriasis and pellagra, while recent de.spntchos indicate its employment in the military- hospitals of Paris and elsewhere for arresting hemorrhage and in the treatment of gun shot wounds. The lesson our contemporary would draw from the renewed activity in the new use of an old drug is. that there yet remains in the field of applied medicine much old material that needs only to be studied to bring forth promising results. Further, a know- ledge of tliese advances in medical science is necessar>- if the pharmacist would possess an intelligible working basis of the problems tliat come his way. September, 1915] THE PHAKMACEUTICAL ERA 383 THE QUESTION BOX The ''How to Do It'' Department Conducted by Pharmaceutical Experts For the benefit of ERA Subscribers Printing Formulas on Labels (A. C. Co.) — We know of no law in force in any of the States that requires the manufacturer of a proprietary medi- cine to print the formula on the label or package or to publish in any way the names of the various substances he may «mploy in manufacturing his preparation, except that in the case of narcotics coming under the Federal Food and Drugs Act, or similar acts of the various States, the names of such •drugs must be declared on the label in the manner provided by the regulations for the enforcement of these laws. We are aware that for many years attempts have been made tf> secure the passage of laws which would require the publication of formulas for all proprietary medicines, but so far no sweeping measure of this character has been enacted. Under the ordinance adopted by the New York City Board ■of Health some time ago, a provision requires that formulas for all proprietary medicines to be sold in Greater New York must be filed with the Department, the ordinance to become ■operative this Fall. Just what the outcome of the attempt to enforce this provision will be, we are not prepared to state. So far, we have been informed, no formulas have been filed by any manufacturer. During the past month the New York City Board of Health has been carrying on proceedings against manufacturers whose remedies it claims bear misleading state- ments or which are misbranded. Destruction of Moths (A. McN.) — Entomologists state that the right way to kill moths, and the only practical method, is to attack the eggs or larvae. The best agent for this purpose is benzine or any liquid •which will dissolve the waxy coating of the eggs. The ben- zine is best applied as a spray to all joints of wardrobes or ■dressers, and to the clothing which has been or may be at- tacked. This method is claimed to be a "dead sure" treatment, but on account of the inflammable character of the benzine, its employment is attended with some degree of danger. When free from moths to start with, the clothing may be packed away with any of the usual moth preventives, formulas for a large number of preparations typical of the various classes being given in the Era Formulary under such titles as "moth paper," powder, solution, tincture, etc. Pharaoh's Serpents ^Inquirer) — When sulphocyanide of mercury undergoes com- bustion, a bulky porous residue of a smoke-like form and color is produced to which the name "Pharaoh's Serpents" lias been given, presumably owing to a fancied resemblance to the assumed form accredited to the mythological Egyptian reptiles. Here is the usual formula for these chemical "toys" : Sulphocyanide of mercury 2 drams Prussian blue 5 grains Compound tragacanth powder 14 grains Mix well, mass with water and divide into 24 pieces; form ■each into a small cone and dry. These are quite poisonous when ignited, and great care must be taken in handling them ■so as not to inhale any of the products of the combustion. A so-called "non-poisonous" substitute has been proposed, as follows: Potassium dichromate 2 ounces Potassium nitrate 1 ounce White sugar 2 ounces Pulverize the ingredients separately, mix well, and press into little paper cylinders. Keep in a dry place and from the light. The results obtained with this formula are not so satisfactory as they might be, it is said. Liquid Glass: Soluble Glass (L. D. Co.) — The so-called "liquid or water glass" (soluble glass) cannot, as a rule, be economically made on the small scale. It is prepared by fusing silica in almost any convenient form with sodium or potassium carbonate. It is said that the addition of a little carbonaceous matter (small coal) aids the reaction, possibly owing to a tendency towards the formation of NasO (or K2O) by the oxidation of the sodium (or potas- sium) liberated by the carbon. When sodium or potassium sulphate is substituted for the carbonate of these metals, the presence of carbon reduces the sulphate to sulphide, which acts freely on the silica. Finely divided silica may be also heated with a solution of caustic alkali under pressure to obtain the silicate. The reac- tion is aided by transforming insoluble forms of silica, such as flints, into the more soluble variety by heating them to red- ness and quenching in water. Commercial soluble glass varies between the limits Na20.2Si02 and Na20.4Si02, the commonest grade being about Na20.3Si02, which is made by fusing 2 parts quartz sand with 1 part of sodium carbonate and 0.1 part small coal. The solubility varies inversely as the propor- tion of silica, a glass rich in silica being very sparingly soluble in water. Commercially, a large proportion of the soluble glass is sold in solution, as the solid is often slow to dissolve. Its principal uses are in the manufacture of artificial stone, for rendering wood fire-proof, as a detergent, and as a. pro- tecting material for natural stone of a quality that does not weather well. In recent years it has been considerably em- ployed for the preservation of eggs, the eggs when dipped in a solution of the liquid silicate being quickly covered with an impervious coating. Bust Developer (B. D. Co.) — Most of the so-called "bust developers" are simply cold creams or salves perfumed with some suitable odor and colored as desired. Their application is always ac- companied by massage, which assists the skin in the absorp- tion of the fat, thereby imparting a fulness to the skin and the appearance of the bust. According to competent physi- cians, the application of the cold cream has little to do with the "development," that condition being brought about by the exercise, the right kind of diet, and perfect hygienic surround- ings. On theoretical grounds, any absorbable cold cream will answer, although the following formula is said to produce a typical preparation of the commercial products exploited by "beauty specialists" : Oil of sweet almond 160 parts , White vegetable wax 25 parts Spermaceti 160 parts Glycerin 280 parts Boric acid 12 parts Water 500 parts Dissolve the boric acid in the glycerin and mix the solu- tion with the oil, wax and spermaceti. Melt together with a 384 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [September, 1915 very gentle heat, stirring constantly. When homogenuous, pour in a warm mortar, add the water, and beat energetically until it forms a smooth mass. In case the mixture becomes lumpy. remelt and again beat up. (2) Wool fat 1 ounce Cod liver oil 2 ounces Perfume, of any desired odor enough Mix thoroughly. Sponge each breast for ten minutes with cold water and rub with a coarse towel for five minutes. Then rub the above unguent well into the skin. An internal treatment recommended by some physicians is fluidextract of saw palmetto, which is said to act on atro- phied glands, including those of the mammae. Such medication should be under the direction of a competent medical man, however. TJrioidine : Uricedin (W. K.) — We know of no specialty on the mark-t by the name of "uricidine," but we think the word as you spell it is a misnomer for "uricedin," manufactured by J. E. Stroschen, Berlin, Germany (The Fischer Chemical Importing Co., 14 Vesey St., New York, American agents). It is exploited as "a uric acid solvent in gouty manifestations." According to an analysis published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (Nov. 23, 1907), it is stated that uricedin is not a definite chemical compound as claimed, but is a simple mixture whose composition is approximately: Sodium sulphate (anhydrous) ....61.52 per cent. Sodium citrate (anhydrous) 29.62 per cent. Sodium chloride 2.13 per cent. Citric acid (anhydrous) 3.25 per cent. Moisture 2.53 per cent. Undetermined 0.95 per cent. In other words, it is but "a simple mixture which consists essentially of sodium sulphate (dried Glauber salt), 2/3, and sodium citrate, 1/3." It is listed at $18 per dozen, 5-oz. bottles. Preserving' Fruit Juices (D. B.) — Success in preserving fruit juices and fruits for the soda fountain is largely a question of personal experience and care, and while large manufacturers may have some "trade secrets" or "short cuts" in doing this work, the real secret consists in observing absolute cleanliness, using good fruit, and sealing the containers when the preserved fruit is in an abso- lutely sterile condition. The jars should be thoroughly sterilized before being filled with fruit, a procedure which destroys the bacteria that causes the fruit to spoil on standing in the con- tainers. To sterilize the jars, fill them with cold water containing about a teaspoonful of borax to 3 gallons of water. Screw the tops on about half down and then heat slowly until the water is boiling. Continue the boiling a few minutes, take the jars out and let them cool slowly. Do not put the jars (if glass) in a draft of cold air. After the jars have been sterilized, they may be filled with the fruit and placed back in the boiling water and the tops screwed about half-way down. After 20 or 30 minutes, take the filled jars out and screw the tops down. Place the jars in boiling water again and let them remain as before. Finally, take them out and screw tlie tops down tight. Fruit in jars should not be kept in the sunshine or in a place where there is much light, as storage under such conditions causes tlie fruit to lose its color. To preserve fruit juices: Express the juice of the fruit and pass through a filter prepared by stuffing absorbent cotton into the neck of a funnel or receiver and covering the cotton with a layer of moderately coarse silica. Cleanly washed river sand, previously roasted to remove the organic matter and then sifted, also answers well as a strainer. After filtering, heat the juice on a waterbath to 75° C, and continue this heat for an hour or so. Then pour the juice into the containers, which have been sterilized in an oven, removing tliem from the oven only n.s iicrd. d for filliii" A-. however. Most of the "tasteless quinines" on the market before the passage of Uie Food and Drugs Act have either ceased to be manu- factured, or their names have been changed to some other title not antagonistic to the law. Many Side Lines in This Drug Store Groceries, candy, cigar.s .md rubber poods .ire the principal articles featured in a Saturday sale ad. by the Weber Drug Co., of Indianapolis. Ind. Elevating the Profession of Pharmacy Service the Professional Ideal of Modern Business; Small Analytical Laboratories Needed in Drug Stores BY PROF. C. F. NELSON WHAT pharmacy, as it exists to-day, is not a profession in the sense that law, medicine and dentistry arc, I think we are all, at the outset willing to admit. That it is, on tlie other hand, more than a business pure and simple seems equally evident. The pharmacist thus appears in society in a double role — he is a professional man and he is a business man — many say he is neitlier. There are many reasons why this condition exists — why it has been necessary for die pharmacist in America to become much of the tradesman ; to step down, as it were, from a full time professional schedule to tliat of half-time merchant and half-time pharmacist. But it is not my purpose to discuss this phase of the situation with you at this time. I desire rather to invite your attention to another, and, as it seems to me, a far more important aspect of tliis subject, namely: Must pharmacy always occupy this middle ground — stand aloof from the professions on the one hand and apart from the domain of business on the other? Why should this anoma- lous condition continue? Must the pharmacist always straddle the fence, one leg in professional soil, the other on business territor>'? Must he always stand in the middle of the Rubicon, and, as Danies \'orhies Pike the Kokomo lawyer in the "Man from Home" puts it "Get hell from both sides?" Old Professional Pharmacy Dead The old professional idea of pharmacy is dead. It died with the advent of the modem pharmaceutical house. We should not try nor should we desire to bring it back. We must set our eyes towards a newer and better light and follow in its paths as our fathers before us followed in theirs. The history of economics offers us a striking illustration of the futility of clinging to antiquated ideals. We are all familiar with the fact that the introduction of modern machinery revo- lutionized industrial conditions bringing about disruption of old trades. Society had to reorganize itself to meet the new conditions. Much hardship had to be undergone ; many were the bitter denunciations of the new regime. And yet it prevailed. The guild of stone cutters vowed eternal vengeance on the new machinery which cuts stones better and faster than they could — they would have none of them ; their old methods were ' the best, they wanted their old trade to be as it always had been and yet, — the machine prevailed. Woman, who had up to this time, always worked in the home, was with remarkable rapidity thrust out of that shelter and put into the factory; again, the age prevailed, society could do nothing to prevent 1 it. There are many pharmacists who still cling fondly to the ' old ideal of preparing most of their own preparations. In a I measure the pharmacist must always do some of this, but it is I futile for him to attempt to compete with the modern manu- ; facturer in the preparation of an ever increasing number of > pharmaceutical preparations. The manufacturer has at his command the purchase of the best drugs at the cheapest prices. I He can make a preparation faster and, therefore, more cheaply. ^ By working with large quantities he can subject it to a number of rigid checks to insure its absolute accuracy. In short, with his machine he can make a better product more easily than • the retailer can without machinery. If then, we are ready to admit that the old standards and I ideals are outworn, useless because times have changed, we are \[ ready to ask, are there any new ones to take their places? Is ;I there a set of new ideals for the modem pharmacist which ;! will prevail in the present age, which will place him in the i' ranks of the professional man where he really belongs? I II think there is, and, while a complete solution of the problem is not at hand, there are many avenues of light, some of which L the present generation may behold, and not walk in, while *PTesented at the annual meeting of the Kansas Pharmaceu- ■ tictU Association, Wichita, 191S. others are open for his progress, if he has faith enough and tlie strength to believe in himself and the willingness to turn conviction into action. A profession remains a profession because in the long run — in terms of decades— its members perform a real service to society. The pecuniary reward for professional service is after all secondary. A specialist must first of all be desirous of curing his patient: of being interested in the case itself. If he has only the desire to make a profit, he soon fails. ISIuch of modern business to-day has become infused with tills professional ideal of service. Many business men 'ook Upon their establishments as places where the public c;iii je served. "After we have served you, we will speak of the reward." The pharmacist was probably the first store-keeper to carry out this ideal. He "served better than he knew" when he first in- troduced the sale of postage stamps; when he put a telephone in a convenient place in his store for the use of his customers, only to bother him; when he bought a city directory for the use of all and even furnished scratch paper free of charge. Many will say he did it to draw trade. (If there had been much trade drawn in that way, his competitors would have soon found it out), no, he did it because he had a good heart — because, way down in him was the mouldering desire to be of service. He showed that he had the professional ideal. Here was humble service to be sure, but service it was. Something for nothing was the unformulated and latent slogan within him, but it was still there. If you agree with me then that the pharmacist has within him the true professional desire of service, let us ask are there no larger and richer fields open to him in modern life? Can he not aspire to the plane of the physician and the lawyer and still remain in his chosen calling? Must he be content to sell postage stamps, furnish telephone and city directory to the people of his community or can he enlarge his sphere of action and in so doing also reap his due pecuniary and professional! rewards? Pharmacist Can Be Physician's Colleague To those who follow the trend of modern medicine, nothing is clearer than that clinical diagnosis is becoming more and more subject to chemical and bacteriological methods of analy- ses. The mere recital of symptoms by the patient does not satisfy the up-to-date physician. He is finding it increasingly necessary to check this information by actual chemical and bacteriological data. It is precisely here where the pharmacist can become the physician's colleague, can give advice and help as a bacteriologist and chemical expert, can aid in important diagnosis and thus earn the lasting respect of the individuals of his community. Precisely here, can the pharmacist take his place beside the physician, as a real professional man and, with him, help in the elimination of pain and suffering. There are hundreds of things the physician wants to know which the pharmacist could answer if he only would, e. g.. What does this urine contain? Are there any tubercular bacilli in this spu- tum? Does this throat swab contain the germs of diphtheria? Is this blood serum positive or negative for typhoid or syphilis? .Ml of these questions could be answered daily, many times during the day, but there is no one now to do it because the physician has neither the time nor the necessary equipment, nor even the technique for that matter, to carry out all of these tests. I think it a conservative statement to say that in most communities there is to-day a latent demand for at least 500 Widal tests for typhoid fever each year. And as we shall see later, the demands for analytical work does not begin to stop here. We are living in an age of standardization, everything under the sun is being standardized; medical schools, law schools, schools of pharmacy, cities of the first class, cities of tlie second class, pure milk, ice cream, lemon extract and spirits of camphor. Many of these you see call for the services of a 386 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [September, 1915 chemical analyst. We are also ever increasingly in need of the services of the analyst in our every-day life; to see that the products we manufacture and sell meet with the required standards, an ever increasing number of manufacturers, busi- ness men and private citizens need to have materials con- stantly analyzed. Here again there is a vast latent demand waiting only for softie one to do it — this milk man wants his milk tested; this ice cream manufacturer his cream, probably his sugar. A baker would gladly pay for an analysis of a flour he bought in large quantities, or his egg powder, or his cooking oil. A manufacturer wants to know if the water he uses is suitable for use in his boilers, or if the coal he bought is what he contiacted for. All of this work is truly professional in character. The pharmacist already has his store, his chemicals, his chemical training; and he is therefore the logical man to undertake it. If he rises to the occasion he cannot fail to advance himself, at the same time, to elevate the character of his profession. I have tried to show that there is a vast demand in every community for real analytical work of chemical and bacteriolog- ical character, and that the pharmacist, by reason of his train- ing and equipment, is the logical man to undertake it. I have also tried to point out that if he does attempt this work he will pull his profession upwards with him. The matter may probably be summed up in this manner. The modern pharma- cist should be not a "pharmaceutical cook" whose ideal lies in making a few galenical preparations, but first of all a "pre- scription specialist," a man who understands how to compound a prescription accurately and scientifically, who can determine and check the purity and strength of the ingredients that enter into it by a chemical and biological expert, to help the physician diagnose his cases, to help the manufacturer and the private citizen solve their chemical problems. He should be able to run for the office of city chemist and city bacteriologist. We don't have many such men in Kansas — but we will have — and soon. Analytical Laboratories in Drug Stores " The time then seems ripe for the establishment of at least small analytical laboratories in connection with our drug stores, not excepting even those in very small communities. The be- ginnings may be small and modest. The outlay of money need be very slight. One may choose to specialize on only a few Icinds of analyses at first, say, examination of throat swabs, sputum analyses, or Widal's test for typhoid fever, and then gradually widen out as one's experience grows. The drug- gist is always wanting to put in new side lines to improve his business. Certainly a departure of this sort would be valuable as a money maker after it was worked up, and it would do much to elevate the profession as a whole. The laboratory should occupy a prominent place in the front part of the store. It may thus be made to pay for itself as an advertising medium. To say .that it will improve the looks of the store more than the modern soda water fountain needs no argument. The effect it will have on the physician and also on the trade seems obvious. That it can be made profitable in most cases looks equally evident. "What expense will be involved in the establishment of such a laboratory? To answer this question, we must, of course, know on how large a scale we wish to operate. But suppose we get quotations on a moderate chemical nnd bacteriological outfit. .\n expenditure of less than $500 will give us all we need, will cciuip "us with first class analytical balances, micro- scopes, ovens, autoclaves, glass ware and chemicals, will give us in fact a very good equipment for making most of the de- terminations we will be called upon to make. When this amount is put along side of what a good many druggists pay for soda fountains, many of which do not much more than pay for themselves, but are only used to draw trade, I think ymi will see that a neat analytical laboratory will serve the latter inu'- pose much better and, at the same time, fill a real need. The expense of operating such a laboratory need not be very large. Many druggists detail a man to look after the soda-water and cigars and .sundries at a cost of $50 or $60 per month The average yo\ing man that enters the analytical laboratories of our larce rorpnra tion^. after leaving college begins at $60 to $75 1' ' ' lit graduate of the three or four year's has all the basal education he needs to •a lory and can help with the general drug husui'-ss iiiiiil ill' If is enough work to occupy his entire time in the laboratory. There is one matter, in this connection, that I wish particu- larly to call your attention to at this stage — the pharmacist has for years received in our schools of pharmacy a good chem- ical training, but he has not made proper use of it. He has, it seems nearly always, taken a back seat, has not mixed in the fray, and consequently, in a short time after leaving college, he feels incompetent to do anything more than fill prescriptions or sell cigars. Imagine a physician doing the same. He comes out of college as ''green" as the pharmacist, but he has to "pitch in" and do things he has never done before. He does things every day which he never was taught how to do while in col- lege. Naturally, most pharmacists have not been through the routine of most of the common bacteriological and chemical tests that would be required of them if they set out to become analysts — but they have the basal education necessary and it is only a matter of a little study, nerve and practice for them to become experts along this line. Moreover, the routine analysis of milk, foods, water, drugs, urine, blood, sputum, serum, etc., have become so systematized that details and directions of pro- cedure are easily available. It only takes a little time and practice for any one with a pharmacist's previous training to become experts in carrying them out. Pharmacy a "Mongrel Creation" If you have followed me in the rather scattered remarks I have made you will see that I have tried to establish the fol- lowing points : . 1. That pharmacy as it is to-day is a "mongrel creation," ■without standing in either the professional or business worlds. 2. That the old ideal of pharmacy as a place where galenical preparations should be manufactured has to be, in a large part abandoned, because of the futility and undesirability of com- peting with the modern first-class pharmaceutical houses. 3. That while the pharmacist should progressively abandon making most of his galenical preparations, he should increas- ingly strive to maintain his standard as a professional man by becoming a better "prescription compounder" and should bend his efforts towards the accurate checking of the drugs he buys and dispenses, rather than to their manufacture. 4. I have tried to show that the pharmacist has never lost the professional ideal of service and that modem life has a place for him in which to exert his very best efforts in a truly professional way. 5. "We have seen that there is a vast latent demand for analytical work of a chemical and bacteriological character from both the physician and the public at large. This work the phar- macist should do and can do by establishing an analytical lab- oratory (even though it be very small) in coimection with his store. 6. That the analytical laboratory will become a source of profit to the druggist, it will serve a real need in the com- munity, and last but not least, by doing this scientific work, the pharmacist will establish himself on a plane with the physician and lawyer and thus elevate his calling to that of a profession. GIITSENG POPULAR IN INDO-CHINA The Chinese of Indo-China, numbering about 400.000 of the population, cling tenaciously to their medicines and me- dicinal herbs, which, according to Lawrence P. Briggs, United States Consul at Saigon, are imported to the value of about $500,000 annually. He says: "Contact with French medical science seems to mark no diminution in this trade. On the contrary, their medicines appeal more strongly to the natives than the French remedies, and the trade in Chinese medicines is steadily increasing, "One of the most prized of their medicinal herbs is gin- seng. Its importation at Saigon totals 100 to 200 pounds annually, valued at SIO.OOO to $20,000. Perhaps SO per cent of the ginseng used in Indo-China enters at Saigon. In com- mon with other Chinese medicinal herbs it pavs an import duty of 60 francs per 100 kilos (5.25 cents a pound). It is much prized as a general tonic and as a special remedy for disorders and diseases of the nervous svstem. It retails at about $100 to $200 per pound. Practically the entire supply comes from Korea. "There are IS Chinese pharmacies in Saigon and 30 to 40 in Cholon ; but most of the ginseng is imported bv Tek Hoon Tong and Ban Teck Tong. of Saigon, and Sin Hock Tong and Kwong Hoon Tong, of Cholon." September, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 387 FOREIGN ABSTRACTS Galyl and Ludyl — Galyl and ludyl are arsenical preparations, to be used against syphilis. Both are derivatives of arsenobenzene or diarsenobenzene, and contain as well sulphur or phosphorus. The former contains 33 per cent of arsenic, the latter 35.3 per cent. They are yellowish powders, inodorous, and in- soluble in water, but readily soluble in water containing a little sodium carbonate. The dose is from 0.2 to 0.5 g., witli a total of as much as 1.5 g. Trials by Troisfontaines show- that the therapeutic effects are quite satisfactory. (Mouneyrat, Bill. chim. farm., 1915, p. 169; through C. A.) Peroxide with Iodide — .\ new antiseptic, combining die effects of hydrogen pero.x- ide and nascent iodine, is composed of 3 g. sodium iodide, 100 g. of peroxide solution, and 100 g. of water. The solu- tion must be prepared as required, as it soon decomposes. It has the advantage tliat its action is not merely superficial, as the iodine becomes intimately fi.xed on the tissues, while the latter are acted upon by the nascent o.xygen. The deodori- zing action is also marked. (Giorn. farm, chim., 1915, p. 359.) Morphine in a Cadaver — Two and a half years after death, due to morphine admin- istered in coffee, it was possible to show definitely the pres- ence of the alkaloid in the stomach and liver. Reactions were obtained with Froehde's reagent. Marquis's reagent, ferric chloride, and the liberation of iodine from iodides. Crystals of morphine were also obtained by solution of the extract of the tissues in acid, evaporation, and precipitation with sodium carbonate. Only a very small amount was found in the liver. (Grutterink and van Ryn, Pharm. Weekblad, 1915, p. 423; through C. A.) Rancidity of Fats — Fats exposed to the air develop a characteristic odor and are said to become rancid, while if they are protected from the atmosphere, moisture, and light, no such changes take place. There is no definite chemical test to indicate rancidity, although the presence of volatile aldehydic substances is most reliable. Hydrolysis of the fat into glycerol and free acid is usually assumed to be the primary cause, but fresh fatty acids are not rancid in odor, and a fat may turn rancid with- out much increase in acidity. Anhydrous fats have even been shown to become rancid in an atmosphere of nitrogen, when merely exposed to sunlight. In general, however, water and oxygen are favorable to the development of rancidity, and certain enzymes and micro-organisms may aid. In most cases the acidity does increase, and there is especially an increase in the amount of acids of low molecular weight, which have pronounced odors. The iodine value decreases, showing a de- crease in the proportion of unsaturated acids, which have either become saturated, or else broken down at the double bond into simpler compounds. Ketonic and aldehydic substances also appear. In order to prevent rancidity, fats and oils should be kept as free from moisture as possible; they should be shielded from the light, and the surface exposed to the air should be as small as possible; if the fats contain protein impurities, bacteria may thrive, and accelerate the decomposition. In restoring rancid fats, soluble acids and glycerin may be re- moved by washing with water. Permanganate will oxidize other impurities, as the ketones and aldehydes. Free acids may be removed by shaking witli sodium carbonate, or, to avoid emulsions, sodium silicate. (Smith, Pharm. J., 1915, Vol. 95, p. 4.) Determination of Acidity of Urine — The usual method for this determination is a direct titra- tion of a sample of the urine with decinormal alkali, using phenolphthalein as indicator. This method is open to a number of objections, as it neglects the presence of free car- bonic acid and of certain alkaline salts, such as the primary and secondary phosphates of sodium. Clarens proposes the following procedure: To a definite volume of the urine add a known volume of decinormal hydrochloric acid. Boil to drive off the carbon dioxide, then titrate back to a faint pink with decinormal alkali, free of carbonate, and phenolphthalein. The liquid must be cooled before titrating with alkali, as other- wise animoniuni sails may be hydrolized to a considerable extent in the hot solution, causing the endpoint to come in the wrong place. The number of cc. of acid used is sub- tracted from the number of cc. of alkali. If the result is positive, the urine was acid; if negative, it was alkaline. (Clarens, Compt. rendus, 1915, p. 814.) Substitute for Tr. Iodine — The antiseptic action of tincture of iodine depends first on the immediate bactericidal effect of the iodine, and second on the power of iodine to unite with the proteins of the tissues, forming loose compounds from which nascent iodine is again liberated. This secondary action is important. The other halogens, bromine and chlorine, are even more reactive than iodine, but chlorine does not unite with the tissues. Their bactericidal effect is greater than diat of iodine. Bro- mine, however, unites with proteins, like iodine, and can therefore be successfully used as a substitute for it in disin- fecting body surfaces and wounds. It is employed in a 5 per cent solution in chloroform, which has great penetrating power dirough the skin, and leaves all parts which it reaches absolutely sterile. The solution is very cheap, compared with the present prices of iodine preparations. (Feist and Bonhoff, Muench. Med. Wochschr., 1915, p. 132.) Stable Solutions of Potassium Iodide — .\fter having verified the well known fact of the rapid alteration of solutions of potassium iodide in the air and light, Bouyer has devised a means of rendering such solutions very stable, so that they will keep well in bottles of clear glass. The solid iodide of potassium is weighed off and dissolved in the least possible quantity of water. Two g. of hydrated magnesia arc then shaken thoroughly with 300 cc. of water, and the suspension is filtered into the concentrated solution of the iodide, until the required amount of solution is made up. Such a solution of potassium iodide is perfectly unalterable in sunlight, and has an alkalinity even less than the low limit prescribed by the French Codex. New Biochemical Syntheses — • Bourquelot, Bridel and Aubry report the synthesis of two new compounds by the action of enzymes. By allowing emul- sin to act upon a mixture of ethylene glycol, galactose, and water, which had a rotation to the right of 18.33', they found that the rotation diminished, until after about five months no further change took place. The rotation was then stationary at 13.50°. The emulsion was precipitated by the addition of strong alcohol, and the solution evaporated and distilled to eliminate water, alcohol, and the excess of glycol. The galac- tose remaining was removed in the usual way by fermentation with bottom yeast. Other impurities were taken out by treat- ing^with acetic edier. The final yield of galactoside was only 0.45 g. ^ It possessed a slightly sweet taste, and melted at 133-134°. It was either optically inactive, or only very feebly active, and did not reduce Fehling's solution. Hydrolysis with dilute sulphuric acid proved that the compound was a mono- galactoside of ethylene, and the fact that it was attacked by beta-galactosidase .showed that it was of the beta type. He- rissey and .\ubry having previously shown that bottom yeast of beer contains alpha-galactosidase, contrary to the observa- tions of Fischer and others, it was possible to synthesize by the biochemical method a number of alpha compounds. The ferment was used to form the alpha-galactosidase correspond- ing to the compound studied above. The rotation of the solu- tion changed in 9 months from 12.80° to 21.33°. The crude galactoside was thrown out of solution by ether, and purified by acetone, and finally cry.stallized from alcohol. The alpha- galactosido has a faintly sweet taste, and melts at 134°, the same melting point as that of its stereo-isomer. Its rotatory power is large, being 169.9° to die right. It does not reduce alkaline copper solutions. The usual treatment widi sulphuric acid and alpha-galactosidase proved the nature of the substance (J. Pharm. Chim., 1915, pp. 201, 290.) 388 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [September, 1915 The Annual Sonv^ntioiTofTlTe'l and Branch Oreani; Dr. Wm. C. Alpers THE annual meeting of the American Pharmaceutical As- sociation which recently completed its sessions in San Francisco, was noteworthy for the consideration given to the subject of education for pharmacists. Early in the con- vention a resolution was introduced providing that hereafter no person should be admitted to the association who was not a graduate of a recognized college of pharmacy. After considera- ble discussion the question was referred to the committee, which recommended that the resolution be adopted to go into effect in 1920. No action was taken at this convention, however. In his opening address to tlie convention. President Caswell A. Mayo said that Samuel W. Fairchild, of Fairchild Bros. & Foster, New York City, had given him authority to announce the establishment of a Fairchild scholarship in the United States to consist of $300, which he will provide annually for a deserving student to be selected by a com- mission composed of the presi- dent of the A. Ph. A., the president of the National Asso- ciation of Boards of Pharmacy, the president of the American Conference of Pharmaceutical Faculties and the editor of the Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. Mr. Fairchild was for some years president of the New York College of Pharmacy and is well acquainted with the needs of pharmaceutical students. He has also established a scholarship in England which has proved of great benefit to English and Irish students. The only other large bequests made in the United States for the benefit of education in pharmacy are the scholarship at the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy from the estate of Mr. Weeks, the one main- tained by Frederick Stearns at the University of Michigan College of Pharmacy and the one established by the late Albert Plant at the College of Pharmacy in the City of New York. Changes in Commercial Pharmacy Discussing the history of pharmaceutical education, Presi- dent ^r,l^^, l.MiIi'd the development of the pharmacist from 'I" ' ■ iif the Middle Ages into an educated, ' li^l. expert in the use of the microscope. ni.l thrirouchlv conversant with the great li s, i. iilinc advance is l.a.scd. •1 ' ni ihe ,han..;,s in the o.mmercial side ' n 1'!' it necessary for the pharma- ''■^'■^ '"■ " 1 ' 11. As a result of this de- \rl,iiiiiii lit i! . ^. I . , s liave gradually established Ini.^inrs.s (imi.srs \n ,., ihe purely scientific work of former years. 'Ihese courses include instruction in metliods of buying, selling, advertising and the keeping of records and basic trullis u Mr. Mayo of the bu.sii.r. are essential to the druggist who would make a success of his work to-day. Now that the profession of pharmacy has be- come so complicated the old two-year course which used to suffice for the education of the druggist is no longer adequate. It requires a three or four-year course and often graduate work after that to make the pharmacist really proficient and the schools must be equipped with more expensive apparatus. The demand for more instructors and more equipment is be- ginning to make it impossible for the school of pharmacy to furnish adequate instruction without the addition of more fees from the students of pharmacy or of funds from some outside sources. Mr. Mayo regretted the fact that men who had made their fortunes in the drug business were not more public spirited in the matter of establishing scholarships. Efficiency in German Education Comparing our methods of teaching pharmacy with those used in Germany, Mr. Mayo said: "The wonderful effective- ness shown by the German people in the present struggle is evidence that the careful preparation of the individual along highly specialized lines is productive of the best results of the effectiveness of the nation as a whole. In America we have followed the German methods to some extent, but our instruction has been modified materially by the cultural methods of the English universities, where the traditions of medieval culture are still strong. The reform of our system of education must begin with the grammar school. The cur- riculum of the grammar school is now adjusted with a view to preparing the pupil to enter high school. But statistics show that only eight to ten per cent of grammar school pupils ever attend the high school at all. The result is that 90 per cent of the pupils are made to adjust themselves to courses suitable to only ten of their number. We must, it seems to me, begin the differentiation between the high school pupil and the pupil who will not go to high school rather early in the grammar school courses. We should have elective courses in the grammar school which should fit tlie pupil for trades or such callings as he is apt to take upon leaving." Mr. Mayo pointed out that only fifteen per cent of the high school students take the arts course in higher institutions and made a plea for means for more scientific training in all stages of education. Chaotic Condition of Drug Market President Alayo touched upon the chaotic conditions in the drug markets brought about by the present war and dis- cussed the probable results of this upheaval. "The sudden cessation of imports from central Europe last .\ugust precipitated a panic in the crude drug market which became so thoroughly demoralized that no quotations could be made except for spot transactions. Those who consumed crude drugs in large lots, becoming panic stricken, bought up stocks for their own need regardless of prices. This panicky condition of the market soon disappeared, however, but left a range of prices much above the normal. The vastness of the war led to the hope that it would last only one year and that tliis country would be deprived of only one year's crop of crude drugs, but the impression now is that it will last Sei'tkmukr. 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 389 encan Pharmaceutical Association Diis in San Francisco. several years. This conviction is echoed in the prices com- manded for crude drugs of European origin, which have con- tinued to rise in cost as stocks have diminished in volume. W'e are now confronted with need for prompt, energetic and concerted action to avoid any further curtailment of our already scanty stocks. "A survey of all the indigenous materia medica shows that if it were feasible to collect all the drugs which grow wild in the United States we should be able to supply our defi- ciencies in many directions. The increased attention which has been given of late years to the question of drug plant cultivation has pointed out certain directions in which, with but little encouragement, we may hope to become independent of imported supplies. I recommend that the incoming presi- dent be instructed to appoint a committee on the supplies of botanical drugs, with the request that the members of this committee carry on a campaign of education throughout the United States as to the indigenous drugs which may be col- lected wtih possible profit to the collector and with advan- tage to the cause of medicine, soliciting the co-operation of the various state agricultural experiment stations and the state agricultural colleges and the United States Government. The Department of Agriculture has already done much in this direction. Some of the state agricultural colleges have likewise taken up the subject of drug culture and drug collection. We are all familiar with the excellent pioneer work in the mat- ter of drug culture which has been done by the School of Pharmacy of the University of Minnesota and the School of Pharmacy of the University of Wisconsin. Drug Plant Cultivation "The University of Michigan has recently acquirfed 85 acres of land which is to be devoted to experimental drug farm- ing. The University of Nebraska at Lincoln has also just begun the development of a medicinal plant garden, and the University of Washington at Seattle has lately expanded its botanical garden to enable the institution to furnish informa- tion regarding the botanical drugs which may be grown to advantage in that state. '"Manufacturers of medicinal products have paid considera- ble attention of late years to the cultivation of medicinal plants. Several firms in England have long carried on ex- periments with great success. In the United States extensive experiments have been made by Johnson & Johnson. Eli Lilly & Co.. H. K. Mulford & Co., and Parke, Davis & Co. Quite extensive experiments are being carried on at Glenolden, Pa., by H. K. Mulford & Co., who have several hundred acres there devoted to experimental farms. Last year their crop of cannabis yielded a very high proportion of active drug. The experiences of this company with this particular drug coincides with the experiments of the Department of Agriculture." Mr. Mayo calls attention to the need of a vigorous cam- paign of education in the collection of the drugs now growing wild in our fields and forests, and the need of some means of assuring collectors that their services will be adequately re- warded. He also calls attention to the fact that it is not alone the botanical drugs which have suffered from the effects of the war. Marked Shortage of Chemicals "Our most marked shortage indeed has been in those numer- ous and expensive chemicals derived from coal fields. When the price of toluol was only 17 cents a gallon, the coke furnaces of western Pennsylvania found it more economical to bum their gases produced in coke making than to collect them and make further use of them. But when the supply of these products from Central Europe was shut off and the price of toluol rose to $6 a gallon instead of 17 cents, the manufac- turers of coke began the reconstruction of their furnaces so as to save and utilize the volatile constituents heretofore wasted. But this reconstruction on a large scale is time-consuming as well as expensive, and while we hear of numerous large plants now in the course of construction, in which all the volatile constituents will be made use of, yielding an abundant sup- ply of the basic materials from which carbolic acid, salicylic acid, and aniline colors and the synthetic chemicals generally are made, the actual production of this basic material on an adequate scale is still some months off and in the meanwhile there will be an increasing scarcity and a continuation of high prices for this entire class of chemicals." According to President Mayo, it is the retail druggist who must bear the brunt of this increase in prices, for it is the drugs used most in the making of prescriptions which have advanced. The druggist must charge the customer more for standard prescriptions and this loses customers no matter how much the druggist tries to explain the necessity for the advance. President Mayo believes that a campaign of educa- tion is necessary to acquaint the public with the true situa- tion. Made Six Recommendations In the course of his address President Mayo made six rec- ommendations which he urged the convention to act upon. These were: First, "that all unnecessary ceremonial addresses and replies be eliminated from the proceedings. 2. "That the committee on by-laws be instructed to present for consideration amendments to the by-laws providing the minutes of the convention shall not be read in the general session, but that the acts of the convention be outlined, and that on demand of any two members full information regarding such action shall be presented on the general session and that acts of Council shall be subject to review by the general ses- sion. 3. "That the incoming president be instructed to appoint a committee of fifteen on the cultivation and collection of botanical drugs with a special view of encouraging the cul- tivation of indigenous drugs now going to waste. 4. "That the committee on the Status of Pharmacists with the United States Government service be instructed to draft and seek the passage by Congress of a bill providing for the crea- tion of a corps of highly educated expert pharmacists whose duty it shall be to direct the medical supply service of the United States Army. 5. "That a committee be appointed by the president to draft and present to Samuel W. Fairchild suitable resolu- tions of thanks for his generosity in having established an American scholarship in pharmacy. 6. "That the general secretary be instructed to lay the plan 390 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [September, 1915 of associate members of the branches before the officers of the branches, instructing them as to what steps should be taken by any branches to provide for associate members." Many interesting papers were read and discussed before the convention. Among those which e.xcited the most favorable comment were the report by Professor J. H. Beal, of Urbana, 111., on "Proprietary Medicines," and the paper on the "Work- ings of modern Pharmacy Laws," by Frank H. Freericks, of Cincinnati. These and other papers will be covered in sub- sequent issues of The Era. The attendance, while not as large as on some previous years, was enthusiastic. Great credit is due the members of the local organizations for the excellent entertainments provided. At the final session of the convention the officers elected by mail were installed, the various sections elected officers, and nomina- tions were made for the elective positions for 1916-1917, as follows : For the ensuing year, the association last February selected by mail ballot the following officers: — President, W. C. Alpers, of Cleveland, Ohio; vice-presidents, C. H. La Wall, of Phila- delphia, Pa.; E. A. Ruddiman, of Nashville, Tenn.; and Linvk'ood A. Brown, of Lexington, Ky. ; members of the coun- cil, Caswell A. Mayo, of New York; F. M. Apple, of Phila- delphia, Pa., and H. V. Arny, of New York. The following officers were elected by the council: — Honorary president, F. C. Godbold, of New Orleans, La.; permanent secretary, W. B. Day, of Chicago, 111.; editor, E. G. Eberle, of Dallas, Tex.; treasurer, H. M. Whelpley, of St. Louis, Mo.; and reporter on the progress of pharmacy. Prof. J. A. Koch, of Pitts- burgh, Pa. The various sections elected the following officers: House of Delegates — Chairman, Henry P. Hynson, of Balti- more, Md. ; vice-chairman, F. W. Nitardy, of Denver, Colo. ; and Dr. Otto F. Claus, of St. Louis, Mo.; secretary, Jeannot Hostmann, of New York. Section Officers — Commercial Interests — Chairman, R. S. Lehman, of New York; associates, E. H. Thiesing, of Cin- cinnati, Ohio; W. H. Cousins, of Dallas, Tex. and G. H. P. Lichthardt, of Sacramento, Cal. ; secretary, J. B. McGee, of Jackson, Miss. Scientific — Chairman, W. L. Scoville, of Detroit; vice-chair- man, L. A. Brown, of Lexington, Ky., and J. L. Turner, of Brooklyn, N. Y. ; secretary, E. L. Newcomb, of Minneapolis, Minn. Education and Legislation — Chairman, F. H. Freericks, of Cincinnati, Ohio; associates, Louis Emanuel, of Pittsburgh, Pa.; Miss Zada M. Cooper of Iowa City, Iowa; and C. H. Packard, of Boston, Mass.; secretary, R. A. Kuever, of Iowa City, Iowa. Practical Pharmacy and Dispensing — Chairman, Joseph Weinstein, of New York; secretary, H. B. Secheverell, of Denver, Colo.; associate, Franz Berg, of Colorado Springs, Colo. Historical Pharmacy — Chairman, Charles Holzhauser, of Newark, N. J.; secretary, G. G. Marshall, of Cleveland, Ohio; historian, E. G. Eberle, of Dallas, Tex. Women's Section — President, Mrs. G. D. Timmons, of Val- paraiso, Ind. ; honorary president, Mrs. F. C. Godbold, of New Orleans, La.; vice-president, Mrs. W. B, Philip, of Fruitvale, Cal.; Mrs. E. A. Ruddman, of Nashville, Tenn., and Mrs. Jean Gorden, of Chicago, 111.; secretary. Miss Anna G. Bag- ley, of Columbus, Ohio; treasurer, Mrs. W. B. Day, of Chi- cago, 111.; historian, Miss Bertha Ott, of Cincinnati, Ohio; member of executive committee. Miss Clarissa M. Roehr, of San Francisco. The nominees for the several elective offices for 1916-1917 are as follows: — For president — F. J. WulHng, of Minneapolis, Minn.; C. H. I>a Wall, of Philadelphia, Pa., and C. H. Packard, of Boston, Mass. For first vice-president, L. A. Seltzer, of Detroit, Mich.; A. B. Huested, of Dehnar, N. Y., and C .W. Johnson, of Seattle, Wash. For second vice-president, Charles Gietner, of St. Louis, Mo. ; L. V. S ,M, of T.riwrence, Kans., and G. H. P. Lichthardt, of Sarraiii' iih . ('<] I'<'' I' l' i ,1.. ].rrsident, F. T. Green, of San Francisco. Cal.; R. A I,\nian, of Lincoln, Neb., and Philip Asher, of New Orleans, La. For members of the council, W. C. Alpers, of Cleveland Ohio; J. H. Beal, of Urbana, 111.; W. C. Anderson, of Brook- lyn, N. Y.; J. G. Diaz, of Havana, Cuba; W. H. Cousins of Dallas, Tex.; J. H. Dawson, of San Francisco,, Cal.; F C Godbold, of New Orleans, La.; H. B. Mason, of Detroit, Mich and W. G. Bolenbaugh, of Richmond, Va. The 1916 meeting of the association will be held at Atlantic City, N. J. PBOGRAM FOE, N. W. D. A. CONTENTION The National Wholesale Druggists' Association has issued the followmg program for its annual convention to be held at Santa Barbara, Calif., September 27 to October 1: AT LOS ANGELES Wednesday, September 22, arrive Headquarters Hotel Alexandria Thursday, September 23: Garden Party tendered to the members by Mr. L. N. Brunswig At his Home, from four to six o'clock Sunday, September 26: Depart for Santa Barbara AT SANTA BARBARA Sunday, September 26— Arrive Santa Barbara Noon. Monday, September 27 — 10 A. M. First Session N. W. D. A. 2 P. M. Second Session N. W. D. A. 2 P. M. Two Hour Auto Ride Old Mission, Mountain Drive, Montecito Valley. 9 P. M. President's Reception and Ball. Tuesday, September 28 — 10 A. M. Third Session N. W. D. A. 2 P. M. Fourth Session N. W. D. A. 2 P. M. Auto Ride, Old Mission, Hope Ranch, Tea at Potter Country Club. 8:30 P. M. Informal Meeting Wholesale Druggists 8 :30 P. M. Informal Dance. Wednesday, September 29 — 10 A. M. Fifth Session, N. W. D. A. 2 P. M. Informal Meeting Wholesale Druggists. 2 P. M. Auto Ride Hope Ranch, Country Club. Cliff Drive, Mission, Mountain Drive, ISIontecito Valley. 8 :30 P. M. Informal Dance. Thursday, September 30 — 10 A. M. Sixth Session N. W. D. A. 12 M. Auto Ride and Barbecue at Hope Ranch -Park, participated in by entire attendance. 4 P. M. Informal Meeting Wholesale Druggists 7:30 P. M. Banquet. Friday, October 1 — Depart for San Francisco. N. A. R D CONVENTION TAKING PLACE _ As this issue of The Eil\ goes to press the annual conven- tion of the National Association of Retail Druggists is in session at the Hotel Radisson, Minneapolis. Minn. The convention opens Tuesday. .August 31, at 9:30 a.m. At the morning session there were slated to be heard the presi- dent's address, report of executive committee and report of secretarj'. The presentation of resolutions also is scheduled for this session. Entertainment has been liberally provided by the Minnea- polis and St. Paul druggists. OMAHA DRUG JOBBER MOVES The Myers-Dillon Drug Co., Omaha, Nebr.. has announced that it will be located for a year or so at 1609 Famam street, west of the old building which it has occupied for 21 vears! It is stated that a permanent site will ultimately be selected. The company is obliged to move on account of the erection of a new building at the old location, which is said to be die most valuable comer in Omaha. September, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 391 CAMERAS AND PHOTO SUPPLIES Experiences of Druggists in Several Cities In order to ascertain methods used and results obtained bv dnia-p-ic+c ^-hn hnr.M . .giving specifie instances and actual eases, with the names and localities S tL ^ facts obtained, A ail ndow display by the Sherman & McConnell Drug Co. MAX\ of the leading drug stores of Elizabeth, N. J., which is comparable in size to Houston, Tex., Water- burj-, Conn., Peoria, 111,, Oklahoma City, or Norfolk, /a., handle photographic supplies, but it is doubtful whether suigle dealer in Elizabeth does his own developing and finish- ng. Thomas Cummings of that city says: "\\e make about a third of the money spent in printing and leveloping. To do our own printing and developing would aean an actual saving in money, but it would not compensate ■or the loss of time involved. A pharmacist in the country /ith slack hours during the day, might do his own work prac- icably. Free developmg has been tried here, and proved a •ulure. It certainly is not feasible." Space Necessary for Display R. S. Sherman, president and treasurer of the Sherman & IcConnell Drug Co., which operates four stores in Omaha leb a city of about 135,000, stresses the necessity of space [Iw displaying photographic goods. Unless ample space can be Horded, the more or less inexperienced dealer should limit 'imselt to films and lower-priced cameras, which require less Jeciahzed knowledge in buying, handling, and selling. Al- lough Mr. Sherman's company is a large concern, and has ttempted to have some of its clerks specialize on photographic iipplies. nevertheless they "farm out" their finishing work at - satisfactory discount. Among the advertising methods em- toyed by this company to push photographic goods are win- ^5w displays and newspaper space. Experiences of St. Louis Stores ' St. Louis pharmacies generally carry photographic lines icreased use of parks, rivers and automobiles stimulates their ade during the summer months. Some places develop for noth- £. and charge the regular price for printing. B. K. Gers- yrf, manager of the camera department in Judge & Dolph I o. 2, thinks such dealers must be "doing the work for I easure." j The Judge & Dolph Co. are bold advertisers. Not only do j ey give up wmdow space and a valuable part of their show- 1 se space for camera displays and issue a price-list for finish- I R but they also use an interior electrical sign, which points f e way to the department. One of the enterprising St. Louis stores with a camera de- Omaha, in which cameras and photo supplies are features. partment is the Seventh and St. Charles streets <;tnrp r t, son Enderle Pauley Drug Co. The manlgef IsTa ^^ J;^" There is thirty-three per cent profit in cameras, from weX: five to thirty per cent in films and accessories such as fita tanks, deve opers, carrying cases, and so forth," says Mr W U dJ^°rU- , ^^^'V°V'^' ' ^^'""^^ 1^^- made a sSg e de ached sale, but have put a regular customer in the store deparSnt" P'^'^'^'^^P^'^ ^or things Jve^ , P'^y ^°""ts. Keep the cameras bright and everythmg so shown as to appeal to the customer Put ne.t price cards near them, but don't paste the cTrds on them Dont use stickers. When a new feature or a new acces^o^ comes out, display it prominently, for nearly all o7 the rt^ teUfeTee th?t'-t^-'\ ^^7^=^^ houses^umish luracthle literature, bee that it is kept clean, and well displayed Bv all means be of all the help you can to the camera 'fan^ especially if he is a beginner. Don't tell him abouT the work as though you know it all— suggest." New Orleans Drug-gists Gradually Adding Photo ^, Departments 235 druTlT"^ l^-"" N^^^O^'^^"^ is rather startling. Of go9;is:n^-LSic\-s.ef ^^-! the drug business for twenty-eight years is a former !1 of the Louisiana State Pha'rmaceutka Associirn andlf ^t* present temporary examiner for the State Board of' Phar^ac^' He asserts that a stubborn prejudice against -iU .L.v ^' r-ibur'C^r^ quantity ^of trad: S'ls^'ltS semi suburban to a competitor's establishment. Although he Mr. Walsdorf believes that a new dealer „t,i»oo i,- are enormous, should not attempt hro^^^'^elopt" Complete Stock a Big Asset 392 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [September, 1915 of the Nattans Drug Company of the same city, a full stock is the most important element in handling photographic suppHes. "The druggist who attempts this side line," Mr. Nattans said, "should lay in as full a stock as is consistent with a reasonably rapid turnover of his investment and with the possibilities of distribution. "Stock must be attractively arranged, and kept scrupulous- ly clean. The salesman, too, must be neat. He must also be competent to supply whatever information is requested. In the course of a day, he may be called on to answer hundreds of questions as to why a certain thing turned out as it did, and why another produced a very different result. The customer will give his patronage to the salesman who knows. A capable, intelligent attendant furnishes the real ground-work of a photo- graphic department. "Close watch upon stock is essential for the druggist who starts in a small way. At the beginning, he will feel his way carefully. What the people want can be determined only by what they call for, and supplementary orders must be adjusted accordingly. Stale supplies mean indifferent results or failures, which will tend to discourage the amateur." Mr. Nattans thinks that the pharmacist who wants to under- take this line should see that he gets an agency, not a sub- agency. With business fairly under way and goods bought in- telligently, profits of from thirty-three to forty per cent can be obtained. It is also Mr. Nattans' opinion that a druggist with few calls for supplies will certainly not find it advantageous to develop films in his own establishment, but that with the volume of business at a certain point, a developing plant will not merely become a means of stimulating the business in supplies, but will yield returns of its own. He estimates that the labor for a fairly busy plant would amount to about $50 a week, and that the cost of materials would be about 15 per cent. On the basis of this outlay, the returns could be as high as $300 a week. Mr. Nattans says he inaugurated "twenty-four-hour service." "The first idea," Mr. Nattans summed up, "is service. Give your customer what he wants, and be prepared to help him with his difficulties." Develop Films Free in Louisville Inquiries in Louisville seem to show a peculiar situation with reference to developing, nearly all of the druggists sending their work to one company. This situation, according to I. Wittels- hofer, manager of the Rosenbaum Drug Co., of that city, makes it advantageous to the Louisville druggist to develop films free. The developing company sends for the films, develops for noth- ing, returns the prints as ordered, giving the druggist a com- mission of thirty per cent. "I figure that in the first place I make a profit on the films which I sell," said Mr. Wittelshofer. "The fact that I develop free and handle the work for my customers brings more trade to my store for films, and, incidentally, for other articles." He does not think a druggist should do his own developing unless his business is very large, as in the case of larger chain stores, or very small, as in the case of outlying stores, where the work can be done at odd times by the regular force. J. E. Weiss, of Weiss Brothers, is of much the same opinion. Mr. Weiss says losses from films not called for are practically nothing, but he also says that quite often when films do not turn out well, or the camera was out of focus in the first place, the customer is not satisfied, and is unable to understand why the cause of tlie trouble can not be explained by the druggist, who thus shares tlie blame which should attach to the developers. If he had to do his own development, Mr. Weiss concluded, he would not handle the business at all. Theodore Buschemeyer, of Buschemeyer Brothers, is a witness for the state. His firm has abandoned the handling of supplies, of films for development, and even of undeveloped films. Their photographic business is too small and space too scarce to justify the installation of a developing and printing department, and outside development is unsatisfactory inasmuch as discontented customers blame the drug store. Alvin Mayer, president of the Photograph Mfg. Co., stated that his concern develops films free for nearly all druggists who handle this work. There are about sixty accounts on his books from this source, and he also has about two hundred accounts scattered through Kentucky and a number of otlicr states. Practically his entire business is handled tlirough the druggists, with a commission of thirty per cent to tlicm. An automobile calls for films every day at each druggist's who has work to be done. Finished prints are delivered within twenty- four hours. The printing is handled at standard rates, such as are in effect in most of the larger cities of the Middle West. A large proportion of this, business is done by mail, but the developing done for persons who cause a loss by doing their own printing at home is less than two per cent of the whole. Cameras a Regular Department of Peoria, 111., Drug Store Albert Zimmerman, proprietor of a drug store at 319 IMain street, Peoria, 111., has so far com.bined the camera business with his drug store tliat he advertises as the "Drug store and kodak shop." In connection with his camera business, he re- cently arranged an attractive window display, using dolls to represent children in a plea to "let the children kodak." A novel window display of cameras in Zimmerman's drugstore Mr. Zimmerman makes a specialty of personal service in all departments of his store. One window was recently given over to a display of cards calling attention to the perfection in this line and the promptness with which the customer would be waited upon. Progressive window advertising is a featxire of this store, where the displays are changed three times a week. No Films Developed Free in Detroit Drug Stores The four Cunningham drug stores, Detroit, Mich., main- taining large and important camera departments, have long ago discarded the practice of developing films free as a business getter. About the same time they discontinued this practice, they also stopped sending out negatives to a professional pho- tographer. "We decided," said Mr. Cunningham recently, "that if we had a camera department it would be a real one in every re- spect. There is a better way to achieve this tlian by giving away something for which we were entitled to remuneration. The best way to build up a developing and printing business, we decided, was not by giving free service, but by giving thr best service possible. So we took an entire floor of one of our stores and installed a dark room, equipped to give the best service in town. We made good on it. too. if the manner ir. which our business in this regard has been growing. Schedule time, work ready when promised, careful and thorough serv- ice, made it a go for us without resorting to any free induce- ments." Septembeb, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 393 Profit Sharing Coupons Live Retailing Issue The \'ie\vp->oint of One of the Companies is Presented for the Information of Retail Druggists CONSIDERABLE has been said about profit sharing cou- pons and trading stamps both for and against. There seems to be a well-detined sentiment in some pharma- ceutical circles against their use. However, the arguments on the other side of the question seldom get into print so far as the drug trade papers are concerned. The fact that so many drug stores are using them makes the subject a live issue. J. M. Head, publicity director of the Sperry & Hutchinson Co. and the Hamilton Corporation, has given the Era the following in- len-iew, which gives the company's viewpoint: "Premium giving is primarily of two sorts — one where the 'ictual merchandise is given away by the merchant, and the other where the merchant or the manufacturer gives a trading stamp or coupon, which is redeemed either by the merchant '^r the manufacturer, or by a coupon or stamp company, whose business it is to sell these coupons or stamps to manufacturer •^r dealer. "Tke 'trading stamp,' as generally understood, is used by "the retailer, while the word 'coupon' is usually used to desig- nate the premium token which the manufacturer packs with i Qis goods, which are sold over the counters of the retailer. • "It is important to understand the distinction between the ' irading stamp and the coupon, since, while the principle which i' ictuates the use of each is largely the same, the operation of , ie two in trade is essentially different. There may be argu- I aients in favor of the trading stamp, which might not apply to • ht coupon, and znce versa. "In this article the question of the coupon will be taken ap to the e.xclusion of the trading stamp, since most of the )usiness organizations which have made a direct attack on cou- i 30ns, have e.xpressly admitted that they have no fight against > he trading stamp. "Added Value" for Continuous Patronage "The basic principle underlying the use of the premium is hat human nature is ever prone to insist that it shall be con- ) .idered a part of the business equation. If by the use of •«zne added value a buyer can be held to the continuous pur- Jiase of some particular article, to the exclusion of others, "hen the manufacturer who is willing to grant that added value, 'vill succeed in building up his sales — increasing the aggregate. The 'added value' which many manufacturers are willing to •pve in return for the consideration of continuous or increased ''latronage, is the coupon. "The proposition is so simple that it does not require any ^P'eat amount of explanation, once the theory is understood. ' f human nature were not human nature, but were distinctly 'omcthing else, then the coupon might not be of service. And : t could be equally well said that in such a case, neither would dvertising, or any form of service. But because a man or a voman likes to feel that his patronage is of some value, be- I ause he or she insists that this value should be recognized by -he manufacturer, the manufacturer has been forced to use the oupon. "Let me say right here that it is not the manufacturer or he coupon company that has made the giving of coupons a uccess. That success comes from the other end — from the ■ onsumer. It is the consumer — the people, if you will — who las made the giving of coupons, not only desirable, but in I aany cases absolutely necessary. I ■ Mantifacturer and Dealer Should Agree I I "Opponents of the coupon have tried to engender a fight < ■etween the manufacturer who gives coupons and the mer- hant who sells the goods in which the coupons are packed ; , ave tried to raise a false issue between two factors in mer- ' handising. neither of which could exist without the other. "There is, or should be, no fight between the manufacturer ■T.d the dealer. The interest of one should be the interest '■ the other. This, of course, is true only in the case where manufacturer is a manufacturer exclusively, and the dealer is a dealer exclusively. When the manufacturer tries to sell directly to the consumer, he cuts out the dealer, and when tlie latter sells goods which are of his own make, he cuts out the manufacturer. In such cases tlicre is no community of interest — no real dependence of one on the other. ■'There is no logic in tlie argument that the cost of coupons is an added ta.x on business, because this could apply equally well to all forms of advertising, and to all forms of service. Everything which places one cent of additional cost on the business is an added tax; but if the added tax produces new business, tlien it is good common sense to take on that addi- tional tax. "Neither is there any reasonable basis for the claim that the use of the coupon forces the merchant to handle the goods in which the coupon is packed, to the exclusion of others, for this is exactly what the manufacturer tries to do when he spends thousands of dollars a year in advertising. He wants his goods to be so popular that they will be called for at the dealer's. It is his reason for advertising; it is his reason for using the coupon. "The contention that the use of the coupon forces the dealer to handle goods which may be inherently inferior fails to have weight when it is understood that no article that does not have a value all its own will long be bought by the consumer, what- ever may be the inducements held out to him or her. "It has been declared that the lack of exclusiveness in the sale of coupon goods is fatal to the dealer. The argument is that if every dealer in a certain town handles the same coupon goods, then no one dealer has advantage over the other, and that the dealers all might be just as well off if the goods did not carry a coupon. "And, again, nationally advertised goods might be cited to meet this argument. Take, as an instance, Quaker Oats, ad- vertised all over the country, and sold by dealers almost every- where. Trading Stamp Gives Competitive Advantage "The advertisement which the company puts out applies equally as strong to the products of the Quaker Oats Company in one store as it does to those in another store just across the street in the same town. And yet most dealers infinitely prefer to handle Quaker Oats • to some unadvertised brand, because they know that the average customer who comes into the store will ask for Quaker Oats. A quick turnover will recompense for the so-called lack of exclusion. The actual 'competitive advantage' between dealers alone must come through the use of the trading stamp. Hence, it must be said that the dealer who sells coupon goods and at the same time uses a trading stamp, is doubly armed. "The coupon idea no longer is in an experimental stage. It has demonstrated that it does create demand for the goods which carry the coupon, and hence helps the retailer where it adds to the sales of those particular goods which he handles. It would be foolish to say that there have not been some cases where failures have resulted. Manufacturers can be found who will declare that coupons have not helped them. But it is likewise true that manufacturers can be found who will vehemently insist that advertising has not produced results. It is probable that most of the cases where good results, either in advertising or in using the coupon, were not obtained, were due to shortcomings in some other direction. Powerful as the coupon or national advertising may be, they alone will not vitalize a new business or revivify one that is moribund. They are not panaceas for all the ills to which ccnnmercialism is heir. No •ne who understands the operation of either agency will contend that they form the entire foundation on which the superstructure is builded. But they are a very strong part of the support. "It should be understood that the purveyors of coupons lay no claims to working other than in the natural way. Their argument, simply expressed, is that the manufacturer wants to increase the sale of his goods, and that since it has been shown that coupons do increase the sales, the wide-awake manu- facturer, free from prejudice, cannot afford to ignore this agency. It is no argument to declare that a thing cannot be done which has been done a tliousand times already. Facts are the most stubborn things for one to tilt his lance against. The 'stuff that dreams are made of and on which theories are builded is not the same material as that out of which coupons have been evolved." 394 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [September, 1915 Women In Pharmacy Activities of Women Who Are Identified In Various^Ways With the Drug Business AN APPRECIATION "Dear Mrs. Wallace: "I want to congratulate you upon your contributions to The Era. While intended, I suppose, for tiie lady pharmacists, I find them most entertaining and help- ful, even more so than any other department of our very valuable Era. "The ladies of this State have not honored our pro- fession, except in a few cases. Most of these are connected with hospitals. We hope to have a large number join our ranks in the course of time. "J. T. U., N. C." MISS MAB BLAKESLEE TURNER of Monteagle, Ten- nessee, is one of the women of the South who chose pharmacy for her life work. The accompanying pic- ture of her is taken among the roses at the side of her own home. She "is now in Nashville, recuperating from a period of ill-health. She says: "I was born near Cleveland, Ohio, in the town which" gave to Ohio, Governor Charles Foster, who afterwards went to "Washington as Sec- retary of State. "As Governor Fos- ter gave my mother advice as to the care of the family cow, while my father cared for the preservation of the Union from 1861 to 1865, I might say I was partially 'fostered' by the Gov- ernment. "I stayed in Ohio through the mud-pie days and learned to sing the multiplication tables, also the cap-, itals of the States. Went to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, as my father was apnointed chaplain of the Sol- diers' Home there, while still of me opin- ion that England and Michigan were the same place because both 'were across the water.' Miss Mab Blakeslec Turner, at home with her roses. Grew up physically in Wiscon- sin and made my mental start there, being a student of Milwaukee College. However, I think my mentality has been so strengthened and broadened in Tennessee, that I must be a product of all three States. "So many years back tliat I feel quite elderly, I became so very interested in drug store knowledge that I took it up as my life work. I studied and worked hard — too hard for the physical strength I was given. I, with one other, stood at the head of a good big class of students in my last year of study and the studying was done early mornings and late at night, while I put up prescriptions and did the Leslie Gordon Wallace and Herbert Gary Wallace of Auburn, N. Y ., sons of Emma Gary Wallace, -u'lto conducts this department. general work of a drug store beside keeping its books and washing its bottles. "I know a lot of the work of a drug store, but hosv much more I wish I knew of the chemistry of drugs! Of the big work of a big pharmacist! I loved my work and love it now, although I suppose I shall not have strength to take i: up again. If in a re-incamation I am sent back to earth. I hope I shall have retained some of the best of the knowledge I now have and be able to take up the same life work with a better physical body and a mind clearer to adapt itself "I have been a member of the N. A. R. D. for years, and though a rather silent one, a very loyal one. Am also i member of the W. O. N. A. R. D. and proud of it. I have fought in my small orbit for non-substitution, cleanliness, anti-nar- cotic, and anti-alcoholic sales, and for Sunday closing The druggist's life is hard and many of our country's new laws are making it harder. Most of the laws work out for good however, eventually, and if one loves the work it is worth the struggle." A KANSAS CITY WOMAN LEADER It is sometimes said that women can follow, but haven't the initiative to lead. The history of IMrs. Minnie M. Whitney of the Kansas City College of Pharmacy is proof positive of the falsity of this claim. Her husband, D. V. Whitney, Ph. G., is president of the board of trustees of this well-known institution and also serves as professor of pharmacy and director of phar- maceutical laboratories on the college faculty. Mrs. Whitney, Ph. G. is secretarj'-treasurer of the institution and likewise serves as professor of botany and pharmacognosy. She is an active member of the Missouri and Kansas Pharmaceutical As- sociations, a member of the American Pharmaceutical Asso- ciation, and honorary member of the Kansas City Drug Club. In addition to this Mrs. Whit- ney is chairman of the commit- tee on drug adulteration for the State of Missouri, having held this position for the past three years. At a most interestin.? banquet given at the Coates house in Kansas City, Mrs. ' • " '"'"O' Whitney was toastmaster for the alumni. At the close of the evening the president of the graduating class presented Mrs. Whitney with a handsome silver tea ser\-ice as a token of esteem from the class. She was again re-elected president of the Alumni Association of the Kansas City College of Phar- macy. Mifs. Whitney was recently made chairman also of the women's section on membership for the Missouri A. Ph. A. PTEMBEK, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 395 PHARMACEUTICAL PERSONALS MiLLF.R Rise of a Dayton, Ohio, Druggist V Y taking over the H. G. Camell store in Dayton, Ohio, \ John W. Miller, after a career as a pharmacist extend- ' ing over a period of more than a quarter of a century, omes probably the biggest retail dealer in drugs in the "Gem- ^' Mr. Miller is known in south- western Ohio as a man who has risen in his business by steady application to his affairs rather than by pursuing spectacular methods. He has sought legiti- mate profits by straightforward tiealing, never resorting to mis- representation or exploitation in tning to arrive more rapidly than is possible when a mer- chant takes the pains to build a reputation for reliability. His beginning was a compar- atively humble one, made in the year 1888 in a store several blocks from the center of Day- ton, It was not until 1897, nine years later, that Mr. Miller saw an opportunity to locate in the business district. Since that time, eighteen years ago, he has 31 located at 6 East Third street and taken care of h-mdred^ , customers on each of the 365 days of every year. He has !k-ays been handicapped, however, because of possessing only limited amount of ground-floor space. The acquirement of : Camell store gives him the opportunity for further expan- a which has for a long time been his ambition. Thus it will be seen that, in rising from a pharmacist of , dest pretensions to the proprietorship of two splendid stores the fifth city of the Buckeye state, Mr. Miller has virtually lit each new business out of the one preceding it. For a irmacist to do this implies that he must be the possessor of ■epuiation for square dealing. The length of Mr. Miller's I eer in Dayton is indicative of the esteem in which he is held ' the purchasing public of that city. In addition to owning ) stores. Mr. Miller has for several years been the proprietor ! the entire building on the ground floor of which the older ce is located. ' Vhen the announcement of the purchase of the Camell store first made, on April 30, it was rumored for a time that Miller would abandon the older place of business, or at t would throw them into a single store by constructing i netting arcade. This could easily be done, since the new :e is but a few steps around a street comer from the older, the rear entrances almost adjoin. Certainly no competent ic of business moves could have found any fault with the ndonment of the older and smaller place as a separate es- ishment, when Mr. Miller had become the owner of the ;t widely reputed and favorably located drug store within ij-s nf Dayton. 'T, he had conceived an original idea and is now try- it. Both stores will be operated along the lines for ch is best known; that is, the older establishment will 'itinue to bid for the patronage of persons in medium cir- nstances, especially rural people, while the former Camell Wt will, as formerly, carry merchandise of a more exclusive rJ; 1 Thus, if a customer is not satisfied with what is offered 'i)ne of the stores, Mr. Miller's employes may direct him to 1 other. he results of this experiment will be watched with interest I' ellow-pharmacists, who usually aim at distinctiveness of one or another, even where a chain of stores is owned and "jiaged by a single dealer or company. Mr. Miller, however, <• ares that he has the courage to try himself out on the V^iltm of handling two entirely different classes of customers, * those who know him best prophesy that he will succeed. 5 is in a way blazing a new trail, at least for druggists in his section of the country. It is not a rare thing to see a man conducting two or more stores, but to see him manage them along entirely different lines is a spectacle rather out of the ordinary. A BUSY MILWAUKEE DRUGGIST Sol A. Eckstein, the Milwaukee druggist and former presi- dent of the Wisconsin Ph. A., is a busy man. 'Twi.xt his drug business and his duties as an active vice-president of the N. A. R. D. and an officer of the Milwaukee Retail Druggists' Association, he has little time for a vacation out- side of pharmacy. In fact, he takes his vacation on die in- stallment plan by attending the annual conventions of the various bodies with which he is affiliated. The picture shows IMr. Eckstein at the recent annual con- vention of the Wisconsin Ph. A., where he enjoyed a good slice of his vacation. He is the man in the white hat, stand- ing on the steps of the armory at Fond du Lac, the head- quarters of the Wisconsin gathering. To his right is J. Baumann, a druggist of Oshkosh, while the man in the cap at the front of the picture is Hugo F. Wussow, the Mil- waukee druggist. The druggist leaning against the wall on Group at headquartmrs, Wisconsin Ph. A. the right of the picture is A. C. Werbke of Oshkosh. The picture was taken by J. J. Possehl, Milwaukee druggist. Mr. Eckstein is looking forward with much pleasure to the next installment on this year's vacation, which will be the N. A. R. D. meeting at Minneapolis. The first installment was enjoyed in May, when he journeyed to Old Point Com- fort, Va., as a delegate of the Milwaukee branch of the Royal Arcanum. PERSONAL MENTION' — Harry L. Eseew, a graduate pharmacist, who has I)een one of the southern representatives for Sharp & Dohmc of Baltimore, Md., has been appointed state food and drug com- missioner of Tennessee to fill out the unexpired term of Dr. Lucius P. Brown, who resigned to become connected with the New York City Department of Health. Mr. Eskew has been a resident of Nashville for the past twelve years. He is a graduate of the department of pharmacy of Cincinnati Uni- versity, and for a number of years was engaged in retail - on chemical subjects. — Eugene Thomas Whitehead, one of the most prominent druggists of North Carolina, died several weeks ago at his home at Scotland Neck, N. C. Mr. Whitehead was an enthusiastic member of the North Carolina Pharmaceutical Association, and had held several offices in that organization. A widow and five children survive. — Walter B. Harris, of Alton, 111., 65 years old, died sud- denly at Staunton, 111., where he had gone to do relief work for H. G. Fritz, who was spending his %-acation in California. At one time he conducted a pharmacy in East St. Louis, 111. — Willis Y. Ross, a druggist of Toledo, Ohio, committed suicide at his home there by inhaling illuminating gas. No rea- son can be ascribed for his act, according to relatives. The wife and son of the dead man were visiting in Chicago. — M. E. Kowalewski, a druggist of Winona, Minn., was a victim of an automobile accident, which caused injuries that resulted in death. He was taken to a hospital after the acci- dent but never recovered consciousness. —James Richard Goldsborough, who was for many years with R. a. Robinson in the retail drug trade in Louisville. Ky., died recently at Lagrange, Ky., of the infirmities of old age. He was 83 years old. — Frank Foster, a retired druggist of Tuscola, 111., committed suicide recently by cutting the arteries in both arms and legs with a razor. Financial reverses are said to have been the cause for his act. — Reginald P. Sappington, a Baltimore, Md., retail drug- gist. A nervous breakdown brought on ailments which re- sulted in his death. He is sur\dved by his mother and three sisters. — Mrs. Jennie C. Holcomb, wife of Frank A. Holcomb. Minneapolis druggist, died suddenly at Bethesda Hospital, that city, after an illness of less than a week. She was 42 years of age. — B. B. Borden, a druggist of Hancock, Wis., died suddenly of heart trouble. ISIr. Borden operated a drug and grocery store at Plainfield, Wis., in the pioneer days of that town. — W. R. Porter, a prominent druggist of Bilosi, Miss., died recently. Masons conducted the funeral, which was held from the home of his mother-in-law at Nicholasville, Ky. — Ira L. Bond, 46, a graduate of the Philadelphia C. P. and druggist at Tamaqua, Pa., died after a brief illness. His mother, a sister and brother survive. — Robert J. Walsh, a pharmacist of long standing, but re- cently in charge of the City Hospital, Portland, Me., died suddenly of heart trouble on June 3. — Burton Whitcomb, 60 years old, who conducted a drug store at Charlestown, Mass., for a number of years, died at Rockland, Mass., of tuberculosis. — Leonard Weiss, engaged in the drug business in Ne^v York City, died at his home on June 15. He was bom in New York 41 years ago. — Henry Clay Brackett, Huntington, Mass., who vv-as an active druggist until two years ago, when his health failed, is dead at the age of 42. —A. H. Andrews, 57 years old. a Toledo. Ohio, druggist, died following an illness of six months. He had lived in Toledo 32 years. September, 1915] THE PHAEMACEUTICAL ERA 399 STATE BOARD EXAMINATIONS New Jersey At the annual meeting of the New Jersey Board of Phar- macy George M. Bennger, Jr., of Camden, was elected to mem- bership on the board. The election of officers resulted in David Strauss, of Newark, being made president; L. W. Brown, of Englewood, treasurer, and H. A. Jordan, of Bridgeton, secre- tary. A re-assignment of branches was made. David Strauss has the pharmacy department, L. W'. Brown the chemistry, F. A. Bongartz, of Jersey City, the toxicology, and J. M. Beringer, Jr., the materia medica. Louisiana Secretary Joseph T. Baltar, of New Orleans, announces the result of the e.\amination held by the Louisiana Board of Pharmacy at Tulane University recently, 44 applicants present- ing themselves, of which 23 passed as registered pharmacists and five as qualified assistants. The successful applicants were as follows: Registered Pharmacists— O. W. Alford, Alvin S. Brizzard, Mertie M. Bloom, James C. Berwick, George D. Comeaux, Joseph Clesi, Jr., Harry Goldstein, K. G. Gantt, Wilson J. Hebert, Paul A. Landi.x, Godfrey E. Lemle, Odon j. Lonibos, Eugene C. Moser, Robert Lane Pollock, T. A. Scott, Charles V. Tamburo, Eugene \V. Vogt, George B. Welsh, L. S. Washington, Charles E. McHale, Stephen J. Thebberville, Louis A. Castillon, Jr., George VV. xMcDuff. Qualified Assistants— Leon A. Cabrol, Dora L. Alilanes, Joseph R. Owens, H. Rene Xiques, Harold A. Kahn. Next examination will be held Auguit 20 and 21, 1915. Oregon The following applicants successfully passed the Oregon Board of Pharmacy at the recent examination held by the Oregon Board of Pharmacy: Seniors— Thomas VV. Laird, Bertie Ruth, Frank J. Streibig, Don W. Yantis, T. F. Schaecker, Benjamin Wolf, C. B. Dal- ton, E. W. Ford, Aroon Rowen, G. T. Cressy, Carmen Hitt- son, R. G. Estes, C. E. Watkins, T. H. Allen, J. A. Duncan, S. C. Smith, Beryl V. Camp, C. L. McFaden, J. E. Gilmore, W. D. Hamilton, Jess Edwards, G. A. Hagey, N. L. Tartar, Jr., C. A. Fryer, C. W. Bent, Stella E. Dean, L. E. Scott, N. L. Rodgers, H. C. Dake, P. C. Blakeley, Benjamin J. Huntington, Jr., J. E. Chinn, M. G. Allen, C. C. Gaylord, I. L. Betzel, R. H. Paxon. Juniors— L. T. Barin, O. J. Deming, A. J. Nelison, R. B. Miller, Mary E. Munford. N. L. Tartar, Jr., a graduate of the Oregon Agricultural Col- lege, made the highest average with a percentage of 90. Gover- nor Withycombe has appointed J. Lee Brown, of Marshfield, as a member of the board for five years. Connecticut The reorganized Connecticut State Pharmacy Commission, as provided under the recently enacted law increasing the member- ship of the commission from three to five and fixing the com- pensation of each member at $400 each, have elected the follow- ing officers: President, C. P. Gladding; secretary, John A. Leverty. The other members of the commission are James P. Wood, New Brighton; H. E. Purdy, Derby, and H. P. Bissell. The two last named are the new members, Mr. Purdy being appointed for five years, and Mr. Bissell for four years. Mr. Bissell represented the Twenty-fourth Senatorial district at the last session of the General Assembly. Utah Druggists' licenses were granted to six out of thirteen appli- cants by the Utah State Board of Pharmacy at the meeting held at the State University, Salt Lake City. The successful appli- cants were: Norman H. Thomas, M. A. Ferguson and O. L. Perkins, Salt Lake; B. L. Hunter, Grand Junction; Edward A. Anderson, Ephraim; Frank Crookston, Mount Pleasant. Willard Young was granted a license under the reciprocal arrangement with other States. Hereafter all examinations will be held at the State Capitol. Washington Secretary Garrison, of the Washington State Board of Phar- macy, reports the names of those who successfully passed the examination held by the board in Seattle as follows: R. O. Black, Centralia; C. J. Goernor, J. E. McCarthy, W. McCormick, T. Negishi, G. A. Ohrner, Walter Skinner, William Woodcock, all of Seattle; F. A. Visgar, Tacoma; H. W. Attle- sey, Bellingham. Missouri Thirty new pharmacists created by the results of the latest examinations given by the Missouri Board of Pharmacy at Pertle Springs, Missouri, are: Registered Pharmacists— C. M. Anderson, Rockville, Mo.; Glenn Adrian Burkhart. St. Louis; Walter Arden Burkhart, St. Louis; Gustav A. Dorullis, East St. Louis, 111.; Chandos C. Douglas, Morehouse, Mo.; Frank Evans, Mountain Grove, Mo.; William H. Fox. St. Louis; Joseph Frey, St. Louis, Edward F. Goldsmith, St Louis; Albert John Martin, St. -Louis; Otis M. S. McCall, Rocky Comfort. Mo.; Lawrence A. Meadows, St. Joseph, Mo.; Will- iam C. Price, Neosho, Mo. ; Kenneth N. Robinson, Warrensburg,. Mo.; Frank C. Smith. St. Louis; O. E. Sherrard, Kansas City,. Mo.; William C. Thoenes, St. Louis; Floyd L. Welch, War- rensburg, Mo. Assistant Pharmacists— L. P. Brooks, Kansas City, Mo.; Lester W. Good, St. Louis; William P. Hudgens, St. Joseph, Mo.; Joseph Jantzen, St. Louis: Harry E. Keenan, Adrian, Mo.; Leo G. Kohl, Belleville, 111.; Charles E. Perry. Miller, Mo.; George Porter Sharpe, Salisbury, Mo.; James L. Smythe, St. Louis; Herbert Roman Speckart, St. Louis. The next meeting of the Missouri board will be held in St. Louis, October 11, 1915. North Dakota The latest examinations held by the State Pharmacy Board of North Dakota, at the State Agricultural College, show the following results: Passed as Registered Pharmacists— Peter de-Boer, Milnor; G. E. Schunk, Fargo, and Leigh Smith, Steele. Passed as Assistant Pharmacists— William N. Dickie, Fargo; Ingvald O. Haroldson, Northwood; William Koester, Donnybrook; Fred Maser, Dickinson, and Morris T. Simley, Fargo. Those registered by reciprocity are: C. E. Pearce, Beach, N. D., from Minnesota; A. F. Johnson, Forest River, N. D., from South Dakota; A. V. Mclntyre, Bantry, N. D., from Montana, and John F. Rafters, Egland, N. D., from Nebraska. The North Dakota board will meet hereafter on the third Tues- day in June and November. Maryland The Maryland Board of Pharmacy has announced the list of candidates for registration as pharmacists and assistant pharma- cists who passed the examinations held several weeks ago. The roster is as follows: Pharmacists-Charles Austin, Jr., L. Lewis Asbill, Edward Thomas Burton, Laurence Bernard Carey, William Albert Clarke, Roy S. Eakle, Allan T. Hartman, Harry Asbury Kinnamon, Ben- jamin Mellor, Jr., John T. Meeth, Luther F. Mitchell, Philip. Pearlstein, John James Pivec, Charles Joshua Rowe, James b. Soyles, Norman F. Storm, Oliver P. Winstead and Frederick Yost. Assistant Pharmacists-Paul A. Diggs, Joseph LeGrand Johnson,. William Bowen Jones, Harry Clayton Hughes, Bennia A. Kru- siewski, George Karman, Charles F. Klepper, John Lawless, Rus- sell E. Lee, Frank John Macek, Henry McGinn, W. A. Par- lett. Max S. Rosenberg, Edwin Whittemore and G. Ernest Wolf. Oklahoma At a meeting of the Oklahoma State Board of Pharmacy, held in Oklahoma City in April, the following named persons rnade grades entitling them to certificate as registered pharmacists: Tackson P. Adams, Duncan, Okla.; Ray M. Balyeat^ Norman, bkla.; Cecil P. Baugh, Garden City, Kan.; Thomas N. Billingsley, Quinton, Okla.; William Ray Black, Liberal, Kan.; Fred C. Blo- lock, Ardmore, Okla.; Carl L. Brundage, Norman, Okla.; George E. Chambers, Delaware, Okla.; D. Howard Copeland, V/ichita, Kan.; J. N. Cross, Cheyenne, Okla.; Frank M. Dale, Clearwater, Kan.; Edwin Davis, Haskell, Okla.; John G. Demain, Kinsley, Kan.; F. W. DeVinna, Okmulgee, Okla.; Ernest A. Donaven, Salina, Okla.; Jesse Eash, Windom, Kan.; W. W. Eischied, Nor- man, Okla.; Varner E. Strickson, Sand Springs, Ok a ; Bailey E. Fuller, Albion, Okla.; Theodore L. Fisher, Minco, Okla.; John W. Irby, Ardmore, Okla.; Albert J. Keller, Lawton, Okla.; b. K. Kepner, Oklahoma City, Okla.; C. P. Kirkpatrick, Sentinel, Okla.; Charles Koff, Chelsea, Okla.; William Kunz, Muskogee, Okla. ; O. J. Lawver, Tribbey, Okla. ; Lee Roy Mays Pleasan- ton, Kan.; Albert Musick, Tulsa, Okla.; Carl A. Nicholson, Fair- view, Okla.; Sam L. Owens, Wichita, Kan.; M. C. Prater Hard- tuer, Kan.; Roland J. Ranck, Sapulpa, Okla.; Jesse J. Riggan, Oklahoma City, Okla.; H. L. Sigloch, KyetesviUe^ Mo.; Ben- ton Snider, Chelsea, Okla.; Joe P. Staats , Sulphur, Okla.; Hubert Strawn, Heavener, Okla.; I. W. Taylor, Oklahoma City, Oka.; Charles E. Wails, Morris, Okla.; Joe C. West, Perry, Okla.; George M. Whitney, Kirksville, Mo.; Glenn Williams, Pauls Val- ley, Okla.; S. P. Wharton, El Reno, Okla.; George E. Wooten, Collinsville, Tex. „ „, . . At the recent convention of the Oklahoma State Pharmaceutical Association the following were selected for submission to the Governor, who will appoint three as members of the State Loard °^R^'L"'sa'^nford, Marshall; F. M. Weaver, Oklahoma City: J. E. Purvear, Pawhuska; A. B. Clark. Oklahoma City; J. S. Moore, Fairland; T. A. Penny, Tulsa; H. S. Shackelford, Wyanewood; F. M McCormick, Collinsville; E. E. Cowman, Sapulpa; John Barber, Norman; S. W. Stone, Durant; E. A. Daniels, McAlister; J. L. Palmer, Tulsa; Roy Getman, Tulsa; Pope Frye, Frederick; R. F. Thweatt, Chickasha: J. L. Freeman, Tonkawa; F. H. Hitdel- son, Weatherford; J. A. Findley, Bartlesville ; M. A. Board, Oke- mah; F. M. Miller. Hobart; R. M. Scott, Oklahoma City; Fred Reed, Norman; Fred Beers, Perry; R. L. Irion, Cleveland; W. L. Sutherland, Lawton; Frank Jones, Lawton; C. E. Ringers, Ard- more; J. W. Monfort, Alva; H. O. Hixon, Elk City. ■ 400 Secretary Warren L. B Pharmacy, announces the censed by examination on Benjamin Wallach Isador Appleman Ralph D. Martin Martin Michaelis Benjamin Krell Samuel Schneider Eli Blum Cosirao Ligorio Gaetano J. Spitale Harry Lerner Joseph S. Churgin William Spottiswoode Geo. P. Reichardt David Sokol Louis Silverman Louis Turan Samuel Tuchband Julius Weinstein Curt Unverhan Samuel M. Marcus •George J. Ettenberg Saul Taub Barney Rivkin Samuel May Edward C. King, Jr. Samuel Solomon Guiseppe P. Canella John Battaglia Max Alexander Arthur Corso Benjamin H. Berkowitz Henry J. Bravin Anthony F. Ruppel Max Bedrick John Lione Herman Grimm Eugene E. Hartman Anna Solosko Michael Rose Abraham S. Kerr Meyer M. Robinson Vincent W. Kasprzycki Julius Hyman August F. Hadinger Nathan Leventhal Solomon B. Groisser Philip Widoff Nathan Baron Boris Boxer Wolf Nathanson Abraham D. Teitelbaum Edward F. Chronik Isaac Gavrin Otto F. A. Canis Louis P. Lippman Samuel H. Chester Robert J. Posner Augustus T. Kennedy Abraham Lipshitz David Kramer Irving Silver Joseph Stark Abraham Melman Philip Friedman Abram Rosenfeld Morris L. Epstein Samuel Morkin Maurice L. Kapplow Hyman Peckerman Joseph Rabinowitz Morris Lerner Isidore Foreman William M. Jaffe Samuel Chase Jacob Billig Samuel Kortchman Isaac Marasky Bernard Schrager Joseph Erdlich Morris Raskin Albert Schneider Emanuel Rosenberg Pauline Siegler Morris Klatzko William Siena Kaspar Gruss Benjamin Brich Gershon H. Cohen Elias Adelson Jacob Friedlieb, Jr. Ludwig Zwilling Jacques Klein Julius M. Reider Hersh Weinberg Harry Kosofsky Samuel M. Fass Jacob Bankoff Edward Liebson Morris Hirschfeld Max Levine Benjamin M. Mcltzer THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [September, 1915 KEW YORK radt, of the New York State Board of names of the following pharmacists li- May 26, 27 and June 30, July 1: David J. Portnow Laxar Rabinowitz Fortunato O. Ghirardi Ralph E. Piantiere Jeremiah Feniello Jacob Neimeth Ralph J. Wheelock Wilfred J. Donnelly Philip Hirsch Reuben Friedman David Svigelsky Paul Schoenberg Samuel Iskowitz Sam Hofstein Louis Gottesman Leon D. Israel Bernard Strisower Solomon Feigin Samuel Dworkin Salem Levine Nathan Gruscho Frank Lubansky Edward Horney William Telsey Robert L. Lee George D. Virden Francis Levine Morris H. Kassin Peisi Mitnick Nathan Levin Frank Mogilevsky Joseph B. Kaufman Louis Franklin William Avstreih Eynon H. Williams Isidor S. Chambers Benjamin F. Barkin Arthur W. Besser David Hollander Morris Krechevsky Harris Spiro Paul Pretzell Nathaniel Chapman William Cohen Joseph C. LegoU John A. Miraglia James Paderson Abraham Cillin Solomon Chavkin Morris Wolf Abraham Nisselson Bernard Pinnes Maurice Rosengard William Moiselas Abraham J. Reisler Arthur O. Buck Clare T. Getman Alfred Larossa Joseph N. Barenzano William E. Pierce Alexander Horowitz Nathaniel Nodelman Robert S. Magruder Isidor Podolsky Edward Newman Harry Cane Isidor Rosenberg Solomon Weinstein Edith M. Thorn Samuel Lerner Morris M. Greenwald Benjamin Chadahy Philip Feldman Abraham Rutenberg Louis Seidman Thomas H. McGranaghan Gabriel T. U. Petrella Carl A. Boehlert William Ebersman Solomon Greenspan Samuel K. Saleeby LeRoy S. Hagaman Leslie L. Blake George R. Cogswell Valentino Caso Maurice Bernblum Jacob Sirkin Meyer Menaker Raphael A. Saltz Benjamin Levin Julius Selub Abraham G. Lichtenstein Jacob Eisenstadt Israel Weinshenker Mark A. Haykin Bernard Rosenzweig Sharcoff, Charles Max Morton Julius Greenfield Susan Broder Emelia Cimaduomo John W. Pangburn. Jr. Edwin J. Booth Aloysius Drasgow Bessie J. Ayer Hovey H. Drake William E. Feek Harry M. Rubens Harry W. Bremer Leroy W. Moore Jacob Bernstein Lester E. Herman Jewett G. Holbrook Harry D. Naum Roy M. Barr Lloyd B. Whitaker William D. Hyde Roy S. Wallace Earl C. Baker Mathilda M. Bongartz John B. Vernoy Joseph H. Brown Daisy M. Howard Elmer J. Schiemer Brooks Frank Wood BUFFALO George W. Vadakin Ivan M. Pleskow George R. Holland Carl E. Miller Eugene F. Smith Henry M. Fish Curtiss C. Finney Charles A. Williamson John L. Hudson Robert W. Clifton Fred M. Meninger ALBANY Henry G. Haskins Floyd Reagan Charles H. Burnett Edward A. Gurry William J. Shea Charles L. Rozan Jack \V. Abraham Harry O. Withey Walter E. Kinnin William J. Brislin Roland R. Fuhrer DRUGGISTS LICENSED BY EXAMINATION NEW YORK Ernest Capeci Joseph J. Tell Morris Deutsch Joseph W. E. Harrison Joseph C. Jonas Ettore G. Sammarco John J. Regan Walter Fetzlaff Joseph J. Nolan Eldred A. Kerry Frederick Knecht Aaron Ajamian Isidore Harry Egerman Phillip G. Cupo Edmund D. Shaefer Frank Alcise Fred D. Lynch James B. Madeen William A. McBride Salvatore Giorgianni Emil Angel Ross C. Willson Abraham Tilevitch Ralph DeWitte Stowell Louis F. A. Lambert Clifford A. Noble George Forest Leahy George H. Freeman Charles D. McCarthy Daniel E. Slagle James W. Smellie Clarence Arthur Elden Chester P. Sanger William Edward Ulrich Leo Kowalski Andrew L. Will John W. Weiser John Vernon Smith Ruth Skillraan Tafft Elizabeth J. Noonan Thomas V. Conway Albert D. Warner Francis A. Overend J. Rossman Tiffany John H. Palmer Harold R. Bronk Charles R. Hutchins, Jr. Harry A. Rightmyer William R. McCoIlam William J. Manion William A. Grary Leon P. Rundell Frank A. Galvin BUFFALO Clarence M. Desing Bernard Edward Tracy John Bidwell Zoerb Leroy W. Moore Walter G. Stoll John Henry Usiak Sidney A. Olsen Leon V. Porter Herman E. Kuglin Joseph H. LaPlaca Solomon Riffman Foster S. Hubbard Ward R. Warboys ALBANY Stephen H. Curtis Norman E. Waters Thomas R. Tesiero Chester K. Tones William H. Smith John F. O'Leary Thomas LeGrys Marvin D. Scott Alexander Deiches Tacob Epstein Earle D. Bailie Robert U. Green Henry Gross Clarence W. Noyes Luther M. Kane Earl S. Bauder Harry S. Metcalf Haley L. Palmer Harry W. Monroe VERMONT At the regular quarterly meeting of the Vermont Board of Phai macy held at Montpelier, July 14, twelve candidates took the tt aminations, the following qualifying for full registration: W. H. Daniell, Boston, Mass. D. E. Simpson, Lyndonville G. A. Dean, Springfield, Mass. Assistants: O. S. Skinner, Windsor J. W. Abraham, Rutland W. J. Cleary, Bellows Falls D. M. Bannister, Springfield W. B. Shangraw, West Rutland J. Osgood, Springfield Wilfred F. Root was elected delegate to attend the meeting the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy meeting at Si Francisco. TEXAS At the recent meeting of the Texas Board of Pharmacy, hel at Houston, a resolution was adopted which states that beginnifl with September 1 the board will allow a credit of two units a each of the three lowest grades made by all applicants; providtM however, that no credit will be allowed on any subject m whie the grade of 57 per cent or less has been made; provided furthe that the credit mentioned above be given only to such candidati furnishing satisfactory evidence of having had at least one yeir' training in a reputable school of pharmacy, which must be vouche for by the professor of pharmacy of the school where such trainid was obtained. The following officers were elected for the ensuing fiscal ye.ii President. W. H. Cousins, Dallas; Secretary-Treasurer, R. £ Walker, Gonzales. The last-named was elected as delente t attend the meeting of the National Association of Boards of Ph.n macy. San Antonio was selected as the place of next meeti'il and September 21 as the date therefor. Septeaibek, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 401 Illinois Narcotic Law More Stringent Than Federal New Statute Which Becomes Effective July 1, Aims to Restrict Sale of Patent and Proprietary Medicines Containing Proscribed Drugs, to Legitimate Chan- nels The Illinois State uareotie law which took effect July 1 contains many important changes and dras- tic reomlations in the matter of the sale of Opium and Coca leaves, their salts and derivatives, and preparations and compounds containing any of them. It affects wholesale druggists, manufacturers, retail druggists, physicians, cl' iiti^ts and veterina- rians. It also affects such wholcsal.' and retail gro- cers as handle patent and proprietary preparations containing any quantity of the.se habit-forming drags. Illinois was the first State in the Union to pass a law restricting the sale of cocaine, and now prob- ably has the most stringent narcotic law of any State. The most important feature of the new law is the prohibi- tion against the sale of habit forming drugs to habitual users. By its provisions a licensed physician, licensed dentist, licensed veterinarian or other person is prohibited from furnishing or prescribing for the use of a drug addict any opium or coca leaves, their salts, alkaloids or derivatives, or any prepara- tion or compound containing any of them. A dentist can- not furnish or prescribe any of them for the use of any person not under his immediate treatment as a dentist, and a veterinarian cannot prescribe or furnish them for the use of a human being. A physician is permitted to prescribe and dispense narcotics for the use of a patient under his care for the treatment of a drug habit, provided he keeps a record in a suitable book of all such drugs so prescribed, dispensed or given, the date when and the name and address of the patient for or to whom the drugs are prescribed, dispensed or given, which record shall be preserved for a period of two years in such a manner as to be readily accessible to inspec- tion by the Board of Pharmacy and all officers of the law. The Federal law, better known as the Harrison law, which went into effect March 1 of this vear, is silent upon tlie sub- ject of habitual users of narcotic drugs and does not contain any provisions with reference to the treatment of a patient for a drug habit. These matters are covered in rulings from time to time by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. But in the State law they are covered in plain terms in the body of the act. Ctirb on Patent Medicine Venders Prior to the enactment of the Harrison law any person in Illinois could sell a patent or proprietary preparation in an original package, provided it did not contain cocaine, or alpha eucaine or beta eucaine in any quantity. The Harrison law changed this somewhat. It provides that any person who is not registered with the U. S. Government under the act can lawfully sell patent or proprietary preparations which do not contain more than two grains of opium or one-fourth grain of morphine, or one-eighth grain of heroin, or one grain of codeine to the fluid ounce, or, if a solid preparation, in one avoirdupois ounce. But the State law now in effect abso- lutely prohibits the sale of any patent or proprietary prepara- tion or remedy which contains any quantity of any of the narcotics mentioned, by any per.son unless he is registered with the United States Government as per the terms of the Harrison law. This particular provision affects the itinerant venders of patent medicines containing any of these habit forming drugs. It also affects a number of wholesale and retail grocers in the State who have for a number of years handled limited quantities of patents and proprie««ries con- taining these narcotics. Under the Harrison law anybody can buy, sell or prescribe preparations which do not contain more than the exempted amounts of narcotics without violating any of its provisions. The State law confines all such buying, selling, prescribing, etc., to persons who are registered with the United States government. The only persons who can register with the United States government are manufacturers of narcotic prep- arations, wholesale druggists, pharmacists, physicians, veteri- narians, dentists, municipal, county and state hospitals, and the hospital service of the army and navy. The efifect of the State law is to confine the sale of preparations containing these dangerous drugs to legitimate channels and to prohibit their sale by persons who know nothing whatever about their deadly effects. There is no restriction in the Federal law against the buying and selling of preparations containing the exempted amounts of narcotics. The Illinois law not only confines such transactions to persons who are registered with the United States government, but it goes a step furtlier and provides that these exempted amounts must be mixed with other active drugs in sufficient proportion to confer upon the preparation other and additional properties than those pos- sessed by the unmixed narcotics. The new law provides that the only persons who can sell narcotics on the order blanks issued by the Federal govern- ment are wholesale druggists, manufacturers of narcotics and registered pharmacists. It thus prevents the custom which obtains largely since the enactment of the Harrison law of physicians, dentists and veterinarians selling these drugs to other physicians, dentists and veterinarians. Under the State law they can dispose of them to patients only. The penalty for violating any of the provisions of the new Illinois narcotic law is a fine of not more than $1,000 or imprisonment in the county jail for not more than one year, or both, for the first offense, and for each succeeding offense a fine of not less than $2,000 or more than $1,000, or im- prisonment not less than three months or more than twelve months in the county jail, or both. If the person so offend- ing shall have a license or certificate as a physician, dentist, pharmacist or veterinarian, such license shall be suspended or revoked by the board or officer of the State duly empowered to issue same. OSTEOPATHS FAVORED BY TREASURY RULING Osteopaths, under a recent decision of the Treasury Depart- ment, will be permitted to register and pay the special tax required ur.der the Harrison Narcotic law, provided they are registered physicians or practitioners under the laws of the State in which they reside. This ruling revokes a previous decision under which an osteopath or other person who, before the law went into effect, had administered narcotics, was not to be permitted to register if not classed as a physician in his own state. The following instructions have been issued to Collectors of Internal Revenue relative to the granting of power of attorney to agents signing narcotic order forms: "It having been brought to the attention of this office (Com- missioner of Internal Revenue) that it is not always possible for the person signing the application for registration, under the provisions of the Harrison Narcotic law, to affix his sig- nature to all order forms for narcotic drugs, you are authorized to permit a registered dealer to designate some one person to sign /or him in his absence, requiring that a power of attorney, duly authenticated, be filed in your office." Instructions have also been issued that "in event an official narcotic order form is lost between the time it is received by a registered dealer's representative, or is deposited in the mails, and the time it should have reached their office, the person writing such order will be required to make out a new offi- cial order form, attaching an affidavit to the duplicate of the first order stating that the goods were not received on account of the loss of the order in transit, such affidavit being made upon rfceipt of notice from the regir.tered dealer, made it, marked across the face 'Not accepted,' and should the registered dealer it should be returned to the person who be attached to its duplicate and the affidavit already on file explaining the reason for its not being honored." 402 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [September, 191» Edison Elated Over Success in Making Synthetic Phenol Great Inventor, After Many Months of Labor, An- nounces that He Has Perfected Process for Manu- facturing Coal Tar Product in Great Demand for Making Pharmaceuticals Thomas A. Edison, in an interview with Weekly Drug Markets, confirmed the report that he has contracted for the sale of large quantities of phenol to be used in the manufacture of salicylic acid, salicylate of soda, salol, aspirin and other pharma- ceutical products. It has taken the great inventor many months to perfect a process for making synthetic phenol and he feels elated over the outcome of his labors. He is now producing in his plant at West Orange, N. J., a phenol which, he says is of a higher grade than that required by the Pharmacopoeia and ex- pects within two or three weeks' time to be pro- ducing it in sufficient quantities to relieve the scarcity which has so greatly handicapped the manufacturers of chemicals and pharmaceutical preparations ever since the war broke out. At the present time, Mr. Edison said, the "old plant" is producing about 4,200 pounds a day and within another week or ten days the quantity will be increased to 5,000 pounds, while the "new plant" which is now producing 1,200 pounds a day will probably be turning out 4,500 pounds two weeks from now, and ultimately will have an output of 10,000 pounds. "Phenol is hard to make, but," said Mr. Edison with en- thusiasm, "that's why I like to do it. It's different with aniline. That's easy — just like taking candy from a child. But I have the phenol now. It's better than the Pharmacopoeia calls for— almost like a pure phenol — and we are going to get plenty of it." Mr. Edison does not expect that any of his product will be used in making picric acid or other explosives. Lig-ht on Schweitzer Contract ■With reference to the contract mentioned recently by the New York World, by which it is said Dr. Hugo Schweitzer is to secure 1,212,000 pounds of phenol made in the Edison plant from the American Oil and Supply Company, 'Weekly Drug Markets learns that as fast as deliveries are made under this agreement, the phenol will be turned over to the Heyden Chemi- cal_ Company plant at Garfield, N. J., to be made up into salicylic acid and various salicylates used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations and dyes. The Bayer Company, with which Dr. Schweitzer is associa- ted, is expected to consume a large part of the salicylic acid in making aspirin, the production of which it controls, and in manufacturing dyes. INCORPORATED FOR $1,000,000 Noyes Brothers & Cutler, drug jobbers, St. Paul, Minn., were recently incorporated with a capital stock of $1,000,000. This firm has been conducted as a partnership for 44 vears. The officers are Charles P. Noyes, 'William W. Cutler, W. G. Noyes, E. H. Cutler and C. R. Noyes. Charles P. Noyes is president. The firm will not alter its policy. PUBLISH ROUTE BOOK OF PHILADELPHIA Smith. Kline & French Company, wholesale druggists, 429- 435 Arch street and 105-115 North Fifth street, Philadelphia, have published a little booklet containing a route list, ar- ranged by car lines, of the druggists in Philadelphia and Camden. They are issuing this booklet gratis to any repre- sentatives of dealers who contemplate working the trade in that territory. Eastman Kodak Company An ''Illegal Monopoly" Judge Hazel, of United States District Court, Hold& Concern Unlawfully Controlled Interstate Trade in. Photographic Supplies "An illegal monopoly which unduly and imreas- onably restrains interstate trade and commerce" is the characterization given the Eastman Kodak Com- pany, of Rochester, in an interlocutory degree hand- ed down by Judge John B. Hazel in the United States Federal Court at Buffalo last Tuesday. Though it is asserted that no irremediable hard- ship would result from separation of the present business into two or more independent companies. Judge Hazel says that it is not intended to indicate dissolution, division or reorganization of the busi- ness of the defendants, but to give them opportunity" to present to the court on November 9 a plan for the abrogation of the monopoly. Action by the Government was instituted on June 9, 1913, against the Eastman Kodak Company, a corporation of New Jersey; the Eastman Kodak Company, a corporation of New York, and George Eastman, Henry A. Strong. Walter S. Hub- bell and Frank S. Noble, officers and directors. The New Jersey company is owner of the capital stock of the New York corporation. The defendants denied restraining trade or competition or engaging in a monopoly, and asserted that their status was the result solely of the creation and development within their plants of products of a superior quality. "It makes no difference," says Judge Hazel, "that the de- fendant corporations and the individual defendants were not in fact competitors or rivals in business or separate entities." Agreed to Drive Out Competition Regarding an agreement of the Eastman company with the General Paper Company of Brussels, whereby control of high class paper in the United States and Canada was obtained, the court says: "It was provided in the event of competition arising it should be driven out of the market, and the General Paper Company agreed to pay a rebate on all raw paper purchased from it * * * The .\merican makers of photographic paper thus became subservient to the General Paper Company and the Eastman company accomplished its purpose of controlling in this country the raw paper stock industry, both foreign and domestic. "It is undisputed that the F.nstman company controlled froir "5 to 80 per cent of the entire photo;.;i apliic ^^upply trade. The burden rested upon the defendants \o prove that tliis was ac- complished by lawful methods. I have concluded that the Government has shown affirmatively that interstate trade ami commerce have been unjustly and abnormally restrained by th<- defendants by ihc fdrniation of a monopoly induced by wrong- ful contracts, \\ itli i . u d to raw paper stock: preventing th( trade from innmiini; such stock; by the acquisition of stock houses, comp' iiiiL; j ! ins and businesses, accompanied hy cov- enants restrainiiic \hc \ondors from re-entering the business and by th<- ii: ! . -im^ h .m dealers of arbitrary and oppressiv terms of sale, inconsistent with fair dealing, and suppressinir competition. Such acts, when taken together, are most signifi- cant and seem to me indisputably to disclose an intention t> violate the Sherman act." New York University Opens School of Salesiuansliii> The commerce bulletin of the New York I'niversity Schocf of Commerce Accounts and Finance announces the establish - merit of new courses in salesmanship and sales management The courses in salesmanship are designed for those who wisii to take up this profession and for those who are already er- gaged in the business and wish to advance. September. 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 403 NEW GOODS AND SPECIALTIES Grand Prize for Borden's E.irden"s malted ilk (in the square package), was one of the products for which the Borden's Condensed Milk Co. received the Grand Prize at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, the highest honor in the power of the judges to stow. Borden's Condensed IMilk Co., malted milk department, has inau- gurated an advertising plan, through and for the trade, which has in the I)ast year brought unprecedented re- sults. It will pay to write for de- tails of this plan which will make your food counter a profitable cor- ner in your store, instead of being IS it now is to many druggists, "a necessary evil." Write also for a description of process of manufacture. You "ii-ht to know what you sell, and >ou will understand when you read it why the malted milk in the square package is so valued by the physi- cian who wants the latest product of modern science; backed by the „ unqualified guarantee of a manu- 2 he Square Package o/facturer with over half a century Borden s Malted Milk, of experience in the manufacture and sale of milk products. m the October issues of various women's magazines the Whitall Taium Co. features the druggist as a "water bottle expert." BORDENS Malted Milk EAGLE BRAND HAS NO EQUAL OOSOENSCONOENSEOMILXCO Domestic Mineral Springs as Good as the Foreig-n Tor many years the government mineralogists have tried to impress upon die people of this country the fact that .'\merican medicmal and semi-medicinal springs in the United States are just as emcient as those which have acquired a wide reputation in other countries, and now that the war has interfered with the inmeral water trade, the American manufacturers are having a Chance to show that the government was right. .According to the official reports, there is not a spring in burope but what has its counterpart in the United States For years this country has been sending to Hungary for aperient waters of a mildly laxative nature, while there are several springs __in the United States, the waters of which have the ^me eitect. .\mong these is the French Lick Springs, of French Lick, Ind., the home of Pluto Water. This water has l>een largely advertised since the opening of the war and is recognized as one of the leading mineral waters. The company B now offermg to furnish its dealers with attractive window — rii.irli s l.. Lofflcr, Denver, Colo. Attachment for syringe 1,147, IS,; Siin ul Peacock, assignor, by mesne assignments, to .\gii cultural Kcscirch Corporation, New York, N. Y. Process o produi-ing phosphorus pentachlorid. 1,147,384— Robert C. Fetzer, Jr., Savannah, Ga. Bottle closure 1,147,512— William J. Kirkland, Blackwood, N. J. Capsule filler. 1.147,629— Gabor Hatvany, Newell, Pa. Bottle. 1,147,632— Joseph F. Lamb, assignor to Landers, Frary & Claiic New Britain, Conn. Vacuum bottle casing. Granted July 27, 1915 1,147,740— Margaret H. McMann, New York, X. Y. Nipple for nurs- ing bottles. 1,147,832— Franz von Kugelgen and George O. Seward, assignors Virginia Laboratory Company, New York, N. Y. Producti ' of aluminum chlorid. September, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 405 THE DRUG MARKETS BROMIDES AND IODIDES ADVANCED Increasing Scarcity of Drugs of Foreign Production — Future of Cod Liver Oil Problematical See pages 23 to 32 for Prices Current Changes Since Last Report A— Acetphenetidine, U. S. P lb. 6.00 — 6.75 A— Acid, Acetic, U. S. P., 36% lb. .12 — .15 D— Acid, Carbolic, Cryst., Bulk lb. 1.60 — 1.70 10 & 15-lb. cans lb. 1.62 — 1.72 1-lb. bottles lb. 1.65 — 1.75 A — Acid, Chr>-sophanic, true, vials oz. .28 — .30 D— Acid, Citric, Crvstal, kegs lb. .57 — .58 Less lb. .65 — .72 Granulated lb. .70 — .75 Powdered lb. .72 — .76 A— .\cid, Gallic, »4, Vz and 1-lb. cartons ... .lb. 1.20 — 1.30 A — Acid, Lactic, 1-oz. vials oz. .09 — .11 lb. 1.10 — 1.25 A— .\cid, Molybdic, C. P lb. 7.00 — 8.00 1-oz. vials oz. .50 — .60 A— Acid, Phosphoric, Glacial, Sticks lb. .75 — .80 A— .\cid, Picric lb. 2.0C — 2.25 .\— Acid, Salicvlic, 1-lb. cartons lb. 3.50 — 3.75 Bulk lb. 3.40 — 3.60 From Gaultheria oz. .30 — .35 A— Acid. Tannic, Pharmaceutical, 1-lb. can lb. .80 — .95 A — .\cid. \'aleric, 1-oz. v oz. .18 — .22 D — .\coin, 15-grain v ea. — .30 D — .\conitine. Amorphous, Vi-oz. vial ea. — 1.75 Nitrate, crvst., 15-grain v ea. — .60 D— .\deps Lanae, Anhydrous lb. 1.30 — 1.60 Hvdrous lb. 1.40 — 1.50 A— .\lkanet Root lb. .32 — .37 D— Aloes. Curacao, Gourds lb. .18 — .20 Socotrine, True lb. .32 — .36 A— Alum, Ammonia, Bbls lb. .05 — .06 Ground, Bbls. or less lb. .05%— .12 Powdered, Bbls. or less lb. .06 — .12 A — .\mmonium Benzoate oz. .20 — .23 From true benzoic acid oz. .26 — .30 A — .\mmonium Bromide lb. 2.00 — 2.25 .\ — .\mmonium Iodide lb. 4.70 — 5.30 D— .Arnica Flowers lb. .29 — .33 Powdered lb. .35 — .38 D— Balsam Fir, Canada lb. .90 — 1.00 Oregon lb. .14 — .17 D — Beans. Tonka, Angostura lb. 1.25 — 1,38 \anilla. Bourbon lb. 3.25 — 3.60 .\ — Belladonna Leaves, German lb. 1.60 — 1.75 Root. German lb. 1.60 — 1.75 Powdered lb. 1.65 — 1.75 A — Bismuth Citrate and Ammonium lb. 3.90 — 4.50 A— Bismuth Subgallate lb. 3.00 — 3.15 D— Bismuth Subiodide lb. 4.50 — 5.00 A— Blue Mass (Blue Pill) lb. .88 — .92 Powdered lb. .92 — 1.02 D — Buchu Leaves. Long lb. 1.25 — 1.35 Powdered lb. 1.30 — 1.40 Short lb. 1.30 — 1.35 Powdered lb. 1.40 — 1.50 A— Caffeine, Pure lb. 9.00 —10,00 A — Caffeine Benzoate oz, .60 — .70 A — Caffeine Bromide oz. .50 — .60 A— Caffeine Citrated lb. 4.80 — 5.00 A— Calamus Root Peeled lb. .24 — .26 Powdered lb. .29 — .32 White, Peeled and Split lb. .62 — .70 A— Calcium Bromide lb. 1.20 — 1.30 D— Calcium Iodide lb. 5.00 — 5.25 A— Calendula Flowers lb. .60 — .75 D— Canary Seed, Sicily lb. .09 — .10 4,50 4.75 4,60 4.80 lb. .30 — .36 lb. .36 — .40 lb. .22 — .26 Powdered lb. .28 — .32 A — Celery Seed lb .40 .45 A — Chamomile Flowers^ Hungarian .lb. ■^^ 75 D — Chamomile, Roman or Belgian . lb. .40 ^ of 1 an .26 28 .22 .28 Powdered, Pure . lb. .25 4? 1^ .50 Para lb. 56 A — Creosote, Beechwood . lb. 2.25 2.75 75 .25 .30 .33 .35 .35 .38 .30 Powdered . lb. .36 .41 .66 .70 .16 .22 lU .33 .36 ■ 1.10 1,20 1.20 1.30 .22 .50 .08 .10 ■ .06 .08 .07 .09 .15 'o2 .22 .27 .80 .90 .90 1.00 .80 .95 Ik 1.00 1.10 Gold .75 .85 .65 .75 .24J/— .26 4.60 4,75 4.85 5,00 .40 .58 .50 .62 3.50 3.70 .35 .47 .45 .55 . .gr. .16 .18 .14 .16 4.70 4.90 , . lb. 4.75 5.20 . . lb. 2.55 2.70 .23 .28 ,08 .10 ,28 .45 lb. 4.00 4.40 A — Magnesium Hypophosphite Pure . . . . . . lb. 1,75 1.90 .05 .07 .30 .40 lb. 1.75 1.90 lb. .50 .56 D— Menthol, Crystal lb. 2.70 2.90 A — Mercury, Ammoniated (white precip.) ..lb. 1.90 2.00 Bichloride (corrosive sub.) lb. 1.45 1.62 Powdered lb. 1.40 1.60 . lb. 1,55 1.67 Iodide, Green, Proto ..lb. 3,40 3,60 Red (Biniodide) lb. 3.40 3.75 Oxide Red (red precip.) lb. 1.70 1,90 406 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [September, 191S A— Musk Root lb. 1.35 — 1.70 Powdered lb. 1.38 — 1.75 A— Naphthalene, Flake or Balls lb. .20 — .23 D — Nickel and Amnion. Sulphate lb. .19 — .22 D— Nutmegs lb. .21 — .26 Extra Large, 80 to lb lb, .25 — .30 D— Oil Bergamot lb. 3.75 — 3.85 D— Oil Birch, Black (Betula) lb. 2.55 — 2.65 D— Oil Camphor lb. .20 — .26 D— Oil Citronella lb. .55 — 1.45 D— Oil Cloves lb. 1.25 — 1.35 A— Oil Cod Liver, Norwegian gal. 2.75 — 2.90 Barrels ea. 80.00 —85.00 D_Oil Juniper Berries lb. 1.60 — 1.85 Wood lb. .40 — .45 D— Oil Lemon lb. 1.45 — 1.55 D— Oil Linseed, Boiled gal. .60 — .68 Raw gal. .58 — .66 A— Oil Male Fern, Ethereal lb. 6.00 — 7.00 A— Oil Mustard, Artificial lb. 5.00 — 5.35 D— Oil Orange, Bitter lb. 2.25 —2.35 Sweet lb. 2.00 — 2.40 A— Oil Pennyroyal lb. 2.00 — 2.20 D— Oil Peppermint, N. Y lb. 1.75 — 1.85 Western lb. 1.75 — 1.85 D— Oil Rose, Kissanlik oz. 9.50 —10.50 D— Oil Spearmint, Pure lb. 1.68 — 1.75 D— Oil Sassafras lb. .85 — .95 D_Oil Tansy lb. 3.00 — 3.25 D— Oil Wintergreen, Synthetic lb. 1.70 — 1.80 D— Oil Wormseed, Baltimore lb. 2.10 — 2.20 D — Oil Wormwood, American, Good lb. 2.75 — 2.85 D— Opium, Natural lb. 7.40 — 7.65 Granulated lb. 8.50 — 8.75 U. S. P. Powdered lb. 8.40 — 8.65 A— Paraldehyde lb. 2.00 — 2.20 D— Pareira Brava Root lb. .25 — .32 D — Pelletierine Tannate, 15-grain v ea. .36 — .40 D— Pepper, White lb. .26 — .30 A— Pitch, Burgundy lb. .09 — .13 D— Potassium Acetate lb. .45 — .50 A — Potassium Bromide lb. 2.15 — 2.35 A— Potassium Carbonate, Refined (Sal. Tart.) lb. .40 — .45 A— Potassium Iodide lb. 3.80 — 4.20 D — Potassium Permanganate lb. 1.25 — 1.40 Pure, Powdered lb. 1.35 — 1.45 D — Potassium Prussiate, Yellow lb. .75 — .85 A — Potassium Sulphate, Powdered lb. .20 — .32 CP lb. .32 — .40 A — Potassium Sulphide lb. .37 — .42 A— Potassium Tartrate, Powd.( Soluble tartar) lb. .75 — .85 A — Quinine Alkaloid oz. .68 — .75 A — Quinine Bisulphate oz. .36 — .42 A — Quinine Sulphate, 100-oz. tins oz. .33 — .34 5-oz. tins oz. 36 — .39 1-oz. vials oz. .42 — .45 D— Resorcin, Pure white lb. 2.75 — 3.75 D— Rhubarb, Canton lb. .42 — .82 Powdered lb. .35 — .80 D— Rochelle Salt lb. .28 J4— .33 D— Saffrol lb. .32 — .38 A— Sage, Domestic lb. .38 — .42 A— Salicin lb. 4.65 — 5.20 A— Salol lb. 3.75 — 4.00 D — Santonine oz. 4.25 — 4.50 D— Senega Root lb. .46 — .56 Powdered lb. .54 — .64 D— Silver Oxide oz. 1.00 — 1.05 Precipitated oz. 1.36 -^1.40 A — Sodium Bichromate lb. .22 — .25 A — Sodium Bromide lb. 2.00 — 2.10 A— Sodium Citrate lb. .70 — .80 CP lb. — 1.30 A — Sodium Salicyalte lb. 3.80 — 4.00 D— Storax, Liquid lb. .35 — .40 A — Stronti um Bromide lb. 1.50 — 1.65 A— Strontium Salicylate Ih. 1.75 — 2.25 A— Sugar of Milk, Powdered lb. .20 — .24 1-lb. cartons lb. .22 — .26 D— Sulphonmethane, U. S. P lb. 6.50 — 7.75 D— Sulphonethylmeth, U. S. P lb. 8.00 — 9.50 D— Thymol lb. 10.00 — ll.OO A— Thymol Iodide, U. S. P lb. 9.00 — 9.50 D — Turpentine, Venice lb. .62 — .6& A — Vanillin oz. .65 — .75 D— Wax, Bees, Yellow lb. .42 — .5& Carnauba, No. 1 lb. .50 — .55 Note — A, advanced; D, declined; C, correction; N, new. New York, August 21 — The month's changes show a prepon- derating number of advances, some of them relating to the most important drugs in the materia medica, the most significant, perhaps, being the advance in the price of quinine. Other drugs to be named are bromine and bromides, iodine and iodides, Nor- wegian cod liver oil, bismuth preparations, caffeine, chloral hy- drate, doggrass, glycerin, guaiacol, hydrochinon, naphthalene, salicylic acid, and its various compounds, salicin, sodium bichro- mate, sugar of milk, thymol iodide, vanillin and coumarin. Easier prices are reflected for a number of the essential oils, citric acid, adeps lanae, arnica flowers, balsam of fir, canthari- des, cloves, coca leaves, Russian ergot, gamboge, juniper berries, lavender flowers, opium, resorcin, rhubarb, rochelle salt, senega root, storax, sulphonmethane, sulphonethylmethane, thymol, and beeswax. A continued increasing scarcity is noted for certain botanical drugs of foreign production. Manufacturers, it is re- ported, continue declining to accept orders ahead, except for regular account. The problems raised by the sinking of the steamship Arabic have, during the past week more or less over- shadowed all activities in the business and financial worlds, and until complete official information regarding the destruction of the vessel is produced, any attempt to judge of immediate future market prospects is rather futile. Opium — The market continues depressed under hea\-y accu- mulation of stocks, the result of restricted consumption. Job- bers are quoting natural at $7.40@$7.45 per pound; granulated, $8.50@$8.7S, and U. S. P. powdered, S8.40@$8.65. On July 1 there were 68,652 pounds of opium in bonded warehouses in the New York port district, valued at $274,773, compared with 27,- 946 pounds, valued at $103,274, on July 1 last year. These figures are significant in view of the fact that importations during the months of May and June were only about half of what they were for the corresponding period of 1914. Re- ports from Turkey indicate that the preparation of the new crop for the market is seriously handicapped by the scarcity of labor, and that dealers there are inclined to talk higher prices for new crop offerings. Quinine — A continued advance is noted and jobbers quote 33@34c per ounce in 100-oz. tins, 36@39c in 5-oz. tins, and 42@45c in 1-oz. vials. Manufacturers are largely restricting their output to supplying the legitimate wants of the domestic trade, notwithstanding urgent inquiry for round lots from buy- ers with speculative intent. Foreign manufacturers, it is said, are having all they can do to supply war demands, and it is not probable that they will have any to offer in this country for some time to come. Moderate importations of cinchona bark from Amsterdam have been received here within the last two weeks. Cod Liver On, — Norwegian is quoted at $80(5; $85 per bar- rel and $2.75@$2.90 per gallon in small quantities. Little actual business is reported, and the trade seems to be watch- ing developments closely. If Germany should not repeat its large purchases of last year during the coming fall, it is argued that the pool of Norwegian refiners may find that it has more oil on hand that can be disposed of at the present hi^ prices. The market reflects an atmosphere of speculation, and a further advance of this commodity is within the realm of possibility. There is some demand for Newfoundland oil, which is quoted at $60@$70 per barrel. Acid, Salicylic — In conmion with other phenol products, higher prices are quoted for tliis article, jobbers asking $3.50 @$3.75 for 1-lb. cartons, and S3.40@$3.60 for bulk. In sympathy witli this advance. S3. S0@ $4 per pound is asked for sodium salicylate, and $3.75^f$;4 per pound for salol. Naphth.mene— Supplies are light and 20^ 23c is asked by jobbers for both flake and balls. On account of the passing of the season, the demand for this product is less urgent, however. September, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 407 Caffeine— Supplies have been depleted and manufacturers have but little to offer. One reason for tliis, it is stated, is due to the fact that Russia, seeking to supply a beverage to take the place of vodka, has been buying up all tea sweepings which ordinarily would be available for making caffeine. Pure is quoted at $9@$10 per pound, and benzoate at 60@70c per ounce. For citrated, 50@60c per ounce is asked. Hydrochinon — Increasing scarcity has caused another ad- vance in the price of this developer, and jobbers are quoting 45((i55c per ounce. Only small quantities are available at I any figure. Menthol— General apathy is reported in this commodity, land prices have been marked down to $2.70@$2.90 per pound. Ample stocks are reported to take care of all prospective re- , quirements. Mercurials — Following the extraordinary series of advances - in the price of this metal in London, where the demand has I been very great, manufacturers here have advanced prices for . all compounds and salts. The most important of these changes I are as follows: Ammoniated (white precipitate), $1.90@$2; bichloride (corrosive sublimate), SI .4,=;(o S1.62 ; powdered, $1.40 . (aSI.60; chloride (calomel), $1.55(at i^ract inn in the main; naturally there are some fcv\- wlio differ. What action the committee on revision will take can- not be foretold at this time." 412 THE PHAEMACBUTICAL EEA [October, 1915 World-Wide Scarcity of Many Drugs Now Prevails Embargoes Have Been Placed on Exportation of Con- siderable Number of Items by Foreign Countries and Prices are Astoundingly High and Going Higher. The scarcity of certain kinds of drugs and med- icinal chemicals apparently is quite general through- out the civilized world, the dearth for these com- modities being more marked in those countries di- rectly engaged in the European war than with the neutral nations far removed from the scenes of actual conflict. Evidence of the lack of these sup- plies is reflected not only in the embargoes and restrictions that have been placed upon the expor- tation of certain drugs from the warring countries, but in the great advances in prices that are recorded in the reports coming from the leading drug mar- kets of the world. Even in Germany, where the growing of crude drugs and the manufacture of medicinal chemicals have reached the highest development, the want of certain drugs is acutely felt. Glycerin, one of the staples of pharmacy, can now be used only in making up medicinal prescriptions, and must not be employed for external applications, cosmetics, etc., while many other chemicals have been commandeered for war pur- poses. In fact, the prices of all medicines have become much higher in Germany, among the items most seriously affected being tartaric acid, citric acid, collodion, canella bark, quil- laja, saffron, marshmallow flowers, anise seed, hemp seed, cardamoms, potassium chlorate, potassium nitrate, methyl sali- cylate, eucalyptus oil, sandalwood oil, sublimed sulphur, tar- trates, etc. Austria, too, faces a drug famine, for it is only recently that the Ministry of the Interior issued an official warning to doctors and chemists to exercise the strictest economy in the use of drugs. The following articles are especially mentioned as being in danger of complete exhaustion: Morphine, codeine, cocaine, camphor, Peru balsam, and synthetic substances there- for, castor oil, hydrastis, ipecacuanha, senega root, woolfat, bis- muth salts, iodine and iodides, boric acid and borates. Trust- worthy reports from that country indicate that all drugs have been advanced, some of them to unprecedented prices. Only recently, according to the Journal of the A. M. A., the president of the organized pharmacists of Rome sent a letter to one of the leading Italian daily newspapers in which was given a resume of the soaring prices of certain drugs in that country; acetylsalicylic acid from 10 lire is now 120, potas- sium bromide from 5 has risen to 50, and the salicylates from 5 to 50, 80 or 100 lire. A lira is equal to 20 cents of our money. The price of phenol has increased tenfold, benzonaph- thol fourfold, chloral nearly as much and chlorate of potash threefold, while others have gone up from 15 to 100 per cent in price. Notwithstanding this, according to the journal named, forty of the pharmacists in Rome have hitherto kept on sup- plying drugs to their customers at the prices that have been standard during the last five years. This altruistic action is at a heavy expense to them, particularly as certain large man- ufacturing chemists in Italy have raised their ]irires to corre- spond to those of the imported drugs, while there is no excuse for this in most cases. The Italian daily inililisliing the letter urges the Government to take steps to .s.Tfeguard the supply of drugs and keep the price within bounds, just as tlie grain sup- ply has been taken over into the hands of the state In the Netherlands the National Public Tlealth Service an- nounces that arrangements have recently been made with the German Government whereby the Rijk.smagazin at Amsterdam is to serve as the intermediary for distribution of certain drugs the exportation of which from Germany is now permitted. The list includes aspirin, formaldehyde, iodine, sodium iodide, iodoform, antipyrin, salipyrin, pyramidon, phenacetin, mercurj- and its salts, salicylic acid, senega, tartaric and citric acids. and all surgical, medical and bacteriologic instruments and equipment, vaccines and serums. The Netherlandsch Tijd- schrift, in publishing this notice, gives a long list of other drugs which cannot be obtained in this way, either because there is already an ample supply in the Netherlands or Ger- many has none to spare. This list includes Peruvian balsam, dressing materials, opium, quinine, phenol, cocain and ipecac. The articles, the exportation of which is thus permitted, can be obtained only in lots equivalent to three months regular use of the drug in question. Orders are to be placed as usual with the wholesale houses and these will fill the orders through the Rijksmagazin. In the London market, as indicated in cable despatches and reports, a similar condition is reflected, and the continued heavy and growing demand for supplies for the medical service of the British and Allied armies is steadily advancing prices, par- ticularly for fine chemicals formerly made in Germany, while deliveries from the makers can only be obtained slowly and in limited quantity for such commodities as caffeine, bismuth prep- arations, iodides, mercurials, morphine, codeine, etc.; in fact, in the case of some of these products, it is said to be difficult to obtain deliveries at all. In our own country the time may not soon come when an actual famine will obtain for any single drug, but the advanc- ing prices and the restricted output for many medicinal prod- ucts are sufficient to awaken considerable concern for the near future. To meet the possible contingencies the druggist should carefully conserve his supplies in hand and exercise due dis- crimination in adding to his stock of scarce drugs and chemi- cals at spectacular prices. U. S. Court Upholds Resale Price Contract In Graphophone Records Case Judge Holds Depart- ment Store Has No Legal Right to Cut Rates Fixed by Patentee-Manufacturer. In a decision filed by Judge Geiger in the United States District Court at Chicago in the ease of th( American Graphophone Co. et al vs. the Bostoi Store of Chicago, the principle was annoimced thai a patentee-manufacturer has a lawful right to & the price at which patented articles should be re sold to customers, and that an injunction woulc issue to prevent violations of the price maintenanw contract imder which Columbia records were sole to its customers. The question arose on a motion to dismiss the bill of com' plaint of the American Graphophone Co. upon the ground th» recent decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States taken m connection with the Clayton amendments to the SheT' man anti-trust laws, affected the sale of patented articles am prohibited the fixing of "resale" prices. "This is a notabl decision," said Col. Taylor T. Brown, patent counsel for tb graphophone companies, "in that it recognized the funda mental principle tliat property in patents is a form of monop oly, expressly authorized by statute, and that as the court o appeals for this circuit stated in one case, 'within the domai of his patent, the patentee is Czar.' " "Judge Geiger recognizes the fact that the patent monopol is limited to 17 years and that as one way to realize 4 fruits of his labors the patentee may lawfully enter into price maintenance contract with his immediate customo whereby the latter may not resell the patented article for les than the specified price. The decision will be of great ID terest to all manufacturers of patented articles." In this case the Boston Store entered into such a contr«< with the Columbia Graphophone Co.. the latter acting I sales agent of the American Graphophone Co.. but instea of selling Columbia records at 65 cents. 75 cents and $1. tb contract prices, cut the prices and sold them at 35 cents ead The suit was brought to stop the price cutting. October, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 413 Building a Profitable Holiday Trade How a Druggist Can Make Money Out of the Gift Givers; Lines to Push and How to Push Them with Real Success By H. E. FRAILEY Copyright, 1915, by D. O. Haynes & Co., all rights reserved. IX our experience in the drug business we have always felt a falling off in the sale of drugs, patent medicines and in the number of prescriptions filled during the month of December. We attributed this loss to the fact that people were generally saving their money for the purpose of Christmas gifts. We found it much easier to sell a $5.00 safety razor, a $3.00 fountain pen or some other high-priced suudrj- than a $1.00 bottle of blood purifier. Years of this repeated experience convinced us that people were more concerned as to how they were going to finance the gift problem, than they were with their aches and pains. We accordingly found it was better storekeeping to follow the lines of least resistance and push the lines that would be suitable for gifts. In looking over our stock we found the following lines as most likely to appeal to the gift hunters: Cigars, candy, razors, leather goods, brushes and combs, stationery, fountain pens, vacuum bottles, water bottles, mirrors, perfumes and spicf-s and extracts. We realized that stocking these various lines was the easiest part of the proposition. How to draw in the crowds to buy was the vital problem to be considered. With every department, jewelrv store, every candy, cigar, liardware and novelty store, showing gifts, advertising gifts, the fact soon was forcibly impressi'd nn our minds that we certainly had to make some noise if we wanted to cash in on at least some of the thousands spent for gifts. DRUG STORES '^'^ MEADQU.ARTERS FOR GIFTS WE DO NOT OVERCHARGE OH PRESCIPTIONS MANICURE SETS TOILET SETS GIVE HIM J^^^£Ili^ ^^7^ ^^^^ GIVE HER SPKUL PRICE S^ioHAr. ^ DRUG STORES "Get it Better at FRAHErS For Less' 57 North Queen St. 250 East King St. Reproduction of both sides of a Christinas circular used by the Frailey drug stores of Lancaster, Pa. How We Attracted Gift Buyers To begin with we believe that we have the most practical merchandising store front that it is possible to build in the 16 feet of building front that our store occupies. In this sixteen feet of window front, leaving less than 14 feet between the walls for the actual show window, we have at- tained a display frontage of over 33 feet. Each side of the show window is in the shape of an L, and with height, depth and length of glass so perfectly proportioned, that eight separate and distinct lines of merchandise can be displayed at one time, each maintaining its own individuality. In other words, we have a miniature department store window display, impressing upon the prospective customer that we have some gift shop. We start our front nf tin- display with, let us take, for in- stance, fountain N. \t w f display stationery in various novel gift creations, m M we v.ill show manicure sets; on the other side we will make a similar display of a series of four more lines. These eight lines of merchandise we will run for one week, the following week we will rearrange, giving tlie manicure sets the front and most prominent location. In this maimer we keep a continuous display of holiday goods before the passerby for at least four weeks preceding Christmas. Two 414 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [October, IDl, very attractive signs are conspicuously hung in each window with a Santa Claus in colors and sparkles, bearing this cap- tion, "Frailey's Drug Store, GIFTS." In conjunction with our store front we also use a liberal quantity of laurel and Christmas bells, both inside and outside of the store, this giving the store a further touch of the holiday spirit. Distribute Circulars from Door to Door About three weeks before Christmas we distribute a very strongly illustrated circular from door to door in a further endeavor to drive home more forcibly the offerings we have in gifts. In the newspapers we run advertisements, changing our copy twice a week, advertising one department in each change of copy. By driving this gift story from these three avenues of publicity we make December equal the biggest drug month of the year. Many druggists complain of lack of business in December but we cash in on the gift game by showing what everybody is buying in December and make our sundry busi- ness more than counteract tlie natural depression in the sale of drugs and prescriptions. Another force that we have found to be a strong magnet for trade drawing is a demonstration of some kind. We either rent our one window outright or take a commission on the merchandise sold during the demonstration. We have found that a good demonstration in the window is a good business getter. This we found not only to be a fact from the actual goods sold tliat were being demonstrated, but it brought people in the store to purchase other goods as well. For instance a razor stropper demonstration .would be responsible for an in- creased sale of razor blades, razors, shaving strops, lather brushes, shaving lotions, etc. A fountain pen demonstration would result in the sale of box paper, ink, safety pen clips, etc. And, furthermore, it draws the crowds and people follow the crowds and patronize the busy looking stores. It seems to be the natural tendency on the part of human beings to go where the crowds go. What Lines to Push We have found razors and their accessories to be one of the most profitable as well as one of the best repeating lines that we have in stock. The man who shaves himself is a good prospect to cater to. He is continually ueing soaps; if he uses a safety razor he will be a. repeater on blades, his brush or strop wears out every now and then, his face lotion or toilet water he must replenish from time to time, so it is self-evident the raaor department is a fruitful one and will warrant strong publicity. In this department we carry a complete stock of everything ; all the popular razors, blades, strops and stroppers, mugs ar>d lather brushes, soaps and shaving lotions, hones and strop dressings, shaving mirrors and shaving sets. These goods we give frequent display in our show windows, keeping in operation one of the automatic moving devices furnished by the safety razor manufacturers. Cigars, Cigar Cases, Cigarettes and Lighters Many druggists neglect to take advantage of the opportunity that the drug store offers in the sale of cigars and articles of interest to smokers. It .should be remembered that a lady in quest of a box of cigars for hubby or sweetheart would much rather purchase same in a drug store than wade through the cloud of smoke usually permeating the atmosphere of the cigar store. And, furthermore, she is more or less sensitive about being tlie subject for gossip among the idlers who loiter in cigar stores. The advertising service furnished by some of the cigar companies is of great value in boosting a cigar de- partment. We find it an easy matter to sell cigars at Christ- mas time in boxes of 25 and SO. Besides the many accessories that sell at this time of the year yield even a better profit than the cigars do. Most manufacturers pack their cigars at this time of the year in boxes of 25 and do not charge extra for the packing. If the attention of gift hunters is directed to a good line of cigars a very lucrative business will result. Fountain Pens Good Sellers There are probably mor <"■■'•■■ - ' 'ming the month of December than I i i- year. It is evident then that tl foun- tain pens their share of lii^, uui iiiil'luii\ i-. i.,t taking advantage of all his opportunities. The time to push any article is when there is an active demand for it. We stock several of the popular advertised makes and give them a prominent showing in the three mediums of publicity that we use, namely the newspaper, our show windows and a house- to-house circular. One of the pen companies furnishes its agents with an automatic demonstrator and we always find this to be a strong .lUiadion for the show window. The various styles of pen.s with i.ri((; tags and gift boxes are displayed in conjunction with the automaton. Candy a Holiday Staple Candy figures very largely in the days' receipts just prior to Christmas. But to gain this patronage on the few days er cent, of my gross receipts comes from phonographs and ■'upplies. Makes a Customer for Records ^ "The beauty of the business is that every time I sell a ^nachine I make a customer for innumerable records and sup- , >lies. I am creating future sales and laying the foundation for constantly increasing trade. The line is one that is always ■ n demand and allows a good margin of profit. , "To my mind the talking machine business is fully as de- ; irable and as easily conducted as the selling of cameras. And [ lundreds of druggists know from experience what a large ■ 'olume of business it is possible to derive from the latter. I "The camera and supply trade is at its height in the sum- |ner, the phonograph trade swells to its largest proportions in I he winter. The two serve to balance each other and keep the ^olume of business on an even keel. I "Phonographs do not require much space in which to dis- 1 'lay thera. Just room enough for a few small machines on he counters, and a cabinet or' two on the floor suffices. Con- sidering the amount of space required, no other department of the store pays such large returns. Hears Records "While Waiting for Prescriptions to Be Filled Mark A. Sawrie, writing in the same publication, believes that the important thing in selling phonographs is to be able to bring the merchandise to the attention of the customer, and he believes that no other merchant has such an oppor- tunity to do that as the druggist. "Take for instance the customer who comes to have a prescription prepared, a procedure which will require a wait of ten minutes. How can the druggist be more polite than to ask him if he would like to hear some good music while he is waiting? By ascertaining the particular kind of music in which the customer is interested an important step in the development of a "prospect" has been taken. "The psychological effect produced by the music in which the customer is interested will place him in a receptive mood for more music, and in this mood he will yield most readily to the suggestion that a phonograph will furnish many mo- ments of entertainment in his home. This method of pro- ducing real desire on the part of the prospective purchaser has led many a customer who is waiting for the filling of a 40c prescription to become a customer for a phonograph sell- ing anywhere from $30 to $200. "Among those who are likely to be good customers for phono- graphs are chronic invalids and those who are shut in because of ill health. We have made several good sales of this class upon the recommendation of attending physicians." Free Massage for Ladles by an Expert T. S. Arnold & -Son, of Watseka, III., engaged the services of a well known woman massage specialist from Boston to call at the homes of the women of that city and give free massages and instruction on the care of the skin. These treatments were supplemented by lectures before women's clubs. The free demonstrations continued for one week. 416 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [October, 1915 Why the Drug Store Should Sell Books Popularity of the "Movies" Opens a New Field in Sale of Photo-Play Novels Which the Public Eagerly Buys A DRUG STORE side line which has many possibilities, but which is often overlooked, especially by the pharma- cist in the smaller cities, is the book department. Now that many publishing companies are offering the standard and popular works of fiction at prices which will enable them to be sold at retail for 25c, 50c, or 75c, it is possible for the druggist to cater to the biggest part of his trade at a good profit. Books form a side line which is clean, suffers little from de- .4 display of photo-play novels in a drug store vnndow. preciation and lends itself readily to display purposes. Most of the popular editions have attractive pictures on the jackets which can be utilized to good advantage in a window display. In addition, most book companies are glad to co-operate with the druggist in arranging window displays. They furnish display cards illustrating scenes from the books and scenic effects in har- mony with the story and cut-outs. A new field in the selling of books by the druggist has been opened by the dramatization of many popular novels both for the legitimate stage and for the "movies." A great many peo- ple go to a play or to the moving pictures and see a dramatized novel and leave with the desire to read the book. Here is the chance for the druggist. Only he should not wait until after the play has been in town. He should anticipate this want of the people and advertise the book in advance. Working with tlie "Movies" This is easily done if the druggist can work in co-operation with the moving picture theatres of his city. Theatre managers know weeks in advance of the dates feature films are to be shown. The live druggist with a book department will secure this advance information and the week before the feature reel is to appear on the screen he will make a special dis- play of the book from which the pictures are taken. In re- turn for such advertising of the moving picture a.s it may be necessai-y to do, the druggist can have a slide thrown on the .screen in the theatre each evening announcing that the book is for sale at his store. Moving picture slides of this kind are furnished free by some of the book publishers as an in- ducement to their trade. The big book companies follow the routes of the leading book-play theatrical companies and are prepared to furnish material for store displays at the proper time. Such a display was recently shown in a Western drug store when the drama- tization of "Seven Keys to Baldpate" came to town. Paste- board reproductions of seven large keys, each with the picture of one of the characters of the book, were pasted on the win- dow. Streamers from each of the keys led to a miniature stage fashioned from books and show cards in the back of the win- dow and in the foreground copies of the books were displayed. Similar displays were arranged at different times featuring other well known novels. One of the most elaborate of such displays was arranged recently by a druggist in a small westeir city when he featured a book, the dramatic version of which was to be given in the local theatre by a traveling company. This man secured scenery from the theatre and reproduced one of the settings from the play in his window. With this set- ting as a background he arranged his copies of the book, to- gether with advertising posters, in the front of the window. A Sale for 50-Cent Books By offering the books to the public at 50c or less, the drug- gist appeals to a large share of his trade. For each person who can afford $1.50 for a new book there are a thousand who can spend 50c for this pleasure, .\bout 85 per cent of the customers of the average drug store will spend 50c for a book, and if they once buy they will get the habit and spend their money for that rather than for other amusements. The druggist has another advantage over other dealers who might handle books in that his store is open evenings and Sun- days. The store which is open in the evening when the people are coming home from the "movies" or from the theatres with the story of the play fresh in their minds is the one which is most likely to secure the book trade. Among the books which have been dramatized for the legiti- mate theatre and which are being played by traveling com- panies all over the country are 'Beverly of Graustark," by George B. McCutcheon; "Bought and Paid For," by Broad- hurst and Hornblow; "The Christian," by Hall Caine; "Da\'id Harum," by E. N. Wescott; "Stop Thief," by Carlyle Moore; "The Right of Way," by Gilbert Parker; "The Trail of the Lonesome Pine," by John Fo.x, Jr., and "The Passing of the Third Floor Back," by Jerome K. Jerome. Novels of Feature Films Some of the pnpul:ir novels which have been reproduced in feature films and wliirli an- \»\\vi ri\r3.ic<\ in theatres MobUc, Ala., drus store's disp!.:y <..' popular-pri.cd ncnels. throughout the country are "The Call of The North," by Stewart Edward White; "Checkers." by Henry Blossom, Jr.; "Chip of the Flying U," by B. M. Bower; "Tess of the Storm Country." by Grace Miller White; "The Southerner." by C. T. Brady; "The Littlest Rebel," by Edward Peple: "The' Squaw Man." by FaversKam and Royle, and "One Wonderful Night," by Louis Tracy. October, 1915] THE PHAKMACEUTICAL ERA 417 Flashlights Profitable Line for Drug Stores Many Stores Are Handling These Electric Specialties and Manufacturers Say They Are the Logical Distributers ^ (TT^LASHLIGHTS depend upon tlie drug store as a H medium of distribution," was the positive assertion of a manufacturer of electrical novelties, in a recent conversation with a representative of The Pharmaceutical Er-a. Said this manufacturer: "The drug stores get the crowds. It is to them that tlie people flock in the greatest masses, and, although flashlights are just coming into their own, tlicre is hardly a small town which does not have at least one drug store handling them. "Once the druggist sells a man or woman a flashlight, he has made a regular customer, because his patron must come back for batteries and bulbs. The idea is the same as with the kodak and the safety razor. The safety blade or film business of any town, no matter how small, is worthy of consideration. It seems that this "one sale makes another" proposition is double-edged, so to speak, and works both ways. It re- wards the druggist who is "on the job" and can sell the prospective customer because it ties the latter to the former's store through the renewal of batteries and bulbs, .^nd, in- versely, as tight as the customer is tied to the druggist who carries these flashlights, so much so will said customer pass by other stores for ever after. At least such is the line of reasoning of an up-town New York City druggist. Said he: A "Way to Lose Customers "Aside from the fact that the flashlights are very saleable, we found we had to put them in because people we turned idown never came back. They had seen in an 'ad' somewhere, a certain type of flashlight, and that was what they wanted. We had to admit we didn't carry it. Customers went some- where else, and we lost out." An Accessory for Sick Room It is in the smaller cities, and the towns, that the druggist has the basis for an enormous trade. .As a sickroom accessory, the flashlight is an essential. It may be used for reading the thermometer, measuring out the medicine, with no "took the wrong medicine in the dark" newspaper aftermath; keeping ice bags and hot water bottle in place, preparing food (es- ipecially when it is not desirable to flood the room with light and disturb other members of the family) ; etc. The value of the flashlight to the doctor will be easily grasped by the druggist. The examination of throats, ex- ploration of wounds, emergency work, the finding of streets Knd house numbers and groping around in dark hallways, all require a handy pocket light. ' The other uses to which the flashlight may be put are multitudinous. It is invaluable in working in the vicinity if explosive or inflammable materials. Also in repairing in- tricate machinery. It may guide Father to the furnace. Its suddenly released shaft of brilliant light staggers the burglar. 'A pocket flash will aid the gas man in finding the leak A'ithout blowing up the house. I The flashlight is used by the theatre usher, the night watch- nan, the camp fire girl and the boy scout, the hunter, the ' lutomobilist, the motor boat fiend, the librarian, the museum •ittendant, the veterinarian, the fireman — a new use is discov- ered daily! And the druggist is the best medium of distribution. Druggists who believe in mediums should join the cult. The Profits in Flashlights A prominent manufacturer of such electric specialties says: : "Lights are like cameras and safety razors. Every light [:reates a never-ending demand for batteries and bulbs. The ights cannot be operated without the bulbs and batteries, just ^is cameras cannot be operated without films, or safety razors 'without blades. , "Lights vary in price from 75 cents for the vest pocket I jght to S3.00 for the searchlight, $3.50 for the house lamp i and ?5.50 for tlie search lantern. Taking all of the 18 or 20 principal sellers the average selling price is Sl.Sn, the re- tailer's profit is, say, 40%. On $1.80 forty lur cent will give a profit of 72 cents. It has been shown in localities where the dealer has realized the possibilities of profits that an average of four lights can be sold to each customer. -An average profit of 72 cents per light on four lights gives $2.88 profit. "It is a small store that has only three hundred customers. If four lights are sold to each of these three hundred, the retailer's 40 per cent profit is $2,88 per customer, or on three hundred customers, this would amount to a total of $864. "But since you sold four lights to each of three hundred customers, you would sell 1,200 lights, and since each light uses on an average of four batteries and two bulbs, that will mean per year 4,800 batteries and 2,400 bulbs. "Batteries sell at 30 cents, 40 cents, 45 cents and 75 cents each. Your 40 per cent average profit would pay you 12 cents, 16 cents, 18 cents, and 30 cents per battery. This is an average profit of 19 cents a battery. On 4,800 batteries tliis amounts to $912. "You sell our bulbs for 13 cents. Your profit at five cents per bulb on 2,400 bulbs amounts to $120. "Your profit, therefore, on the first year's business would be $864 on lights, $912 on the batteries, and $120 on the bulbs, or a total of $1,896. "You see our light, battery and bulb business is just like a victrola which creates a never-ending demand for records, or like the player piano, which makes a constant demand for music rolls, or as we said before, like the kodak which makes a great international business in films, or like the safety razor which makes a world-wide business in blades supplied through the dealer. "But suppose you say that our figures are too high. Sup- pose that you 'can't see it,' or think that your 'store is peculiar, different from other stores.' Well, then, for your benefit let us cut the figures down. Suppose you have three hundred customers and you sell only one light to one-third of your customers. In view of all our advertising and sales plans, your customers ought to demand that many from you whether you want to sell them or not. That would mean one hun- dred lights, four hundred batteries, and two hundred bulbs. Or a profit of $72 on lights, $76 on batteries, and $10 on bulbs, a total profit to you of $158. (You make 40 per cent profit if you buy only $5 worth. You earn 10 per cent extra profit if you buy $75 worth and over.) "Three hundred customers make a very small store. If you had six hundred customers or three thousand or ten thousand or twenty thousand or even more, then see how much profit you would make on your light business. Remember it isn't a one year profit either. If your store was big enough so that you could sell 1500 lights this year, 1500 lights next year, 1500 the third year and 1500 the fourth year, you would make $1,080 each year for four years on the sale of lights. The first year you would make $1,140 supplying batteries, and $150 supplying bulbs to the 1500 lights. A total profit the first year on lights, bulbs and batteries, of $2,370. The second year you would make the same amount, $1,290, supplying batteries and bulbs to the lights sold the first year, and an equal amount supplying batteries and bulbs to lights sold the second year, plus the profit, $1,080, made on the lights sold the second yenr, or a total profit the sornnd v^nr of $3,660. The third yrar you would make the prr.fit r„," tl-. 1500 lights sold that year, the profit on the batter!.^ i- ' !■ to supply the 1500 lights sold the first year, or ri iii-m of $4,950 for your third year's work. The first year vmi uwh- $2,370; the third year. $4,950. A total of $10,980 profit for first three years' work," 418 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [October, 1915 Boston Report Confirms Riker-Hegeman Co. Not Riker-Liggett Merger Yet Sold to Liggett Statements Made by George J. Whelan and Louis K. Liggett Seem to Verify Keported Consolidation of Big Drug Interests — Wm. J. Norcross Issues Denial. Reports are "Premature," According to the State- ments of Officers of Both Companies — Would be "A Grand Thing," Says H. S. Collins, "But Hasn't Yet Gone Through." Boston, Sept. 28 — What is believed to be the big- gest transaction in the history of the American drug trade is about to become an assured fact in the absorption by the United Drug Company of the 91 retail drug stores of the Riker-Hegeman Corpora- tion. Of this great aggregation of drug stores, 39 are in Manhattan, nine are in Brooklyn, and 14 are in Boston. The other 29 are in the chief cities in the eastern States. Everything except the legal transfer has been negotiated. Control of Riker- Hegeman stores will be secured by the transfer to the United Drug Company of the shares in the former held by George J. Whelan, chief stock- holder, and creator of the United Cigar Stores. The amount involved in the transaction is in the millions, but the exact price is not named as yet. Instead the United Drug Company announced that the combined business of the chain of Riker-Hegeman stores was more than $15,000,000 a year, with profits between $1,000,000 and $1,500,000. That volume of business would bring the total of the United Drug Company, including manufacturing and retail, to between $30,000,000 and $40,000,000. A Statement by Mr. Whelan Speaking of the change in control, George J. Whelan, head of the United Cigar Stores, and chief owner of the Riker- Jaynes stores, said: "I am and always have been a believer in organization. I have studied the methods and progress of the United Drug Com- pany, particularly in the past five years, and I have confidence in the efficiency of its management and the soundness of its principles. With its thousands of druggist-stockholders equally interested in the handling of the company's goods, as well as in the financial results, where every opportunity is accorded them in frequent state and national meetings to express their ideas and to confer on matters affecting the company's progress, where the best minds in the retail drug business are focused upon the purity and superiority of the company's products, success is bound to follow. "I shall exchange my shares for those of the United Drug Company on the basis proposed to all stockholders, which I con.sider eminently fair, and I have great faith in the future of the business .under the new management and control." Mr. Liggett's Statement President Louis K. Liggett gave out the following state- ment: "A complete announcement of our plan for taking over the Rikcr-Jaynes stores will be made to our stockholders in the near future. But I can say now that the general plan of the United Drug Company, on which our business Ins hrcn built, will not be changed. The control of tlic still be in the hands of the retail druggists wli- possible for us to acquire this large chain . i each of which will be an additional advertisement .a ii;, ir pro- duct, and, if experience and effort can make it so, a model of modern merchandising and service to tlie public." Wm. J. Norcross Denies Merger Wm. J. Norcross, treasurer and general manager of tlie Jaynes Drug Co.. sent out a statement this afternoon absolutely denymg any merger of his company or of the Riker-Hegeman Company with the United Drug Company. Reports of the ' ' sale ' ' of the Riker-Hegeman Co. to the Liggett interests and the United Drug Co.. which were widely published several days ago in the daily newspapers of New York, Boston and other cities, are premature, according to statements made by representatives of both companies. H. S. Collins, who is one of the executives of the Riker-Hegeman Co., and generally regarded as George J. Whelan 's "right hand man," made this statement to Weekly Drug Markets: "The statements which have been published in the news- papers are merely a recurrence of talk that has been heard at intervals for three or four years past. A merger of the Riker-Hegeman and Liggett stores would be a grand thing for the stockholders and customers of both companies. Although such a merger has been talked of informally by the officials of both companies nothing definite has been done, and the matter never has been formally broached to the stockholders of the Riker-Hegeman Co., nor so far as I know to the stockholders of the Liggett Co. and United Drug Co." Admits Advisability of Plan Mr. Collins was very frank in admitting both the feasibility and advisability of a merger of the Riker-Hegeman and Lig- gett interests, but said that such a merger may never take place, and that actual consummation of such a deal is ap- parently no nearer now as it ever has been. It will be noted that Mr. Collins referred to the proposed "sale" of the Riker-Hegeman stores as a "merger." In news paper reports the idea was conveyed that the Liggett interests would buy control of the Riker-Hegeman Co. "In all the di: cussions I have heard of the matter," Mr. Collins explained, "there has been nothing to indicate that the identity of either company or the identity of the stores would be changed any way." Shareholders Must Give Consent It is believed that the chief difficulty in connection the propos''i! negotiations will be in the reluctance of the inde pendent sli.Tieholders in tlie Riker-Hegeman Co. to part wjT tlieir holdings. Before the final transaction can be made it necessary that seventy-five per cent of these shareholders gi?J their consent. Early last spring it was announced that tliere would be complete consolidation of the Riker-Hegeman Co. and United Cigar Stores Co. At that time it was asserted George J. Whelan and others in the corporation of Riker Hegeman Stock that the controlling interest in the Riker-Hege man Co. was organized solely as a pri\-ate venture for tho9« in control. Cigar-Drug Merger Plan Failed The plan of the merger of the Riker with the United Gig interests was never put tlirough. however, owing to the de torminrd opposition which was made to the plan by the inde ' ■ ' isjar interests. At this time a protest was filed wi ' i States Attorney-General at Washington and wi lit .Attorney in New York by the Independent t.iil i'oliacconists' Association, representing 1,700 retail tobac concerns in the metropolitan district and 30.000 to 40,0 affiliated concerns, charging a violation of tlie Sherman Ls and the New York State anti-trust law. This compUii which was presented to the special tobacco department of t district attorney's office, seemed to have effectually blocked t merger of the United Cigars with the Riker-Hegeman and have opened the way for the Liggett-United Drug Co. resume their negotiations. the October. 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 419 Pharmacists Do Important Work In War Drug Depots Behind the Lines an.i Disinfecting Corps Are Valuable In Keeping Standard of Efficiency High (Photographs by F. O. Kock, German War Correspondent and photographer.) A pharmaceutical depot of the German Red Cross behind the lines in Austria-Hungary. THE fighting ability of Germans is by this time recognized by all, but the many efficient departmental organizations which lie behind this ability are often overlooked. One of the most important of these is the medical department. Prob- ably the German Red Cross is the most thorough in its work of any of the army medical corps now in the field. The new- methods of modem warfare have made it necessary for the doctors to be prepared to meet problems which never before came in the sphere of the army surgeon. One of the most important of these is the treatment of soldiers who have been overcome by gas bombs of the enemy. When this destructive weapon first made its appearance it wrought considerable havoc for it caught the doctors unprepared. Now that the use of the gas bomb has become common, methods of meeting the deadly fumes have been devised. Doctors who have to go into the gas zone are equipped, with pads which fit over the nose and mouth to prevent them from breathing the gas while they are reviving the unconscious soldiers. The tanks of oxygen which are used in this work are made in con- venient sizes so that they may be easily carried about over the 'field and applied to the gas victims, as is shown in the illus- tration. History shows that in former wars the death rate from cholera and other infectious diseases has been abnormally high. To-day every precaution is taken to prevent unnecessary loss of life, as w-ell as to care for the wounded. A method com- monly used to keep diseases from gaining a foothold is to fumigate the uniforms of all the soldiers every few days. A short distance behind the lines the Germans and Austrians have established disinfecting centers and to these the soldiers go from the trenches to have their uniforms cleaned. The pharmacist has a well recognized place in the German army and his duties frequently take him into the most danger- ous parts of the battle-field. The drug depots established on the field by the Red Cross are often under fire and likely to be wrecked at any moment. But this would never be guessed from the w-ork which goes on inside. While the guns roar all around them, the pharmacist is quietly carrying out his experi- ments and mixing his medicines with the same steady hand which he would use in his own laboratory. The field phar- macy near the German front shown in the picture has well stocked medicine shelves. If the pharmacist working at the table had on his conventional laboratory clothes instead of the military uniform it would be easy to believe that he was working in the prescription department of his own apothekake. (See additional illustrations on page 420) 420 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [October, 1915 The German army takes precautions against cholera injection hy tlisinUeting the uniforms of its soldiers. October, 1915] THE PPIARMACEUTICAL ERA 421 A. Ph. A. Reports On 'Troprietaries" Exhaustive Report Which Is Important Contribution to Pharmaceutical Literature Is Read at Recent Convention. In many respects the most important contribution to pharmaceutical literature on the subject cf proprietary medicines was the report of the Commission on Proprietary Medicines of the American Pharmaceutical Association which was read by its chairman, James H. 13eal of Urbana, 111., at the recent San Francisco convention. This eommissiou consists of Prof. Beal, as chairman and Thomas F. Main, secretary' of the National "Wholesale Druir^ists' Association, Chas. Caspari, Jr., food and drug commissioner of Maryland; Martin 1. AVilbcrt, pharmacologist of the United States Public Health Sen-ice. and John C. Wallace of Newctistle, Pa., chairman of the National Drug Trade Con- ference. In this paper, a copy of which has been furnished to the Era by Chairman Beal, the patent medicine question is handled in all its phases and with an exhaustiveness that stamps the report as the most complete ever prepared on the subject. Owing to its length the paper will be presented in two sections, the first section appearing herewith. fT^HE duties assigned to the Commission on Proprietary Medicines of the American Pharmaceutical Association 1 iiies H. Beal (1) To inquire into and to report to the Council from time to time upon the general subject of proprietary medicines in their relations to pharmacy, medicine and the public health. (2) To inquire zvhether, or to zchat extent, the proprietary medicines commonly kno-ivn as patent medicines, contain alco- hol or habit-forming narcotic drugs in sufficient proportions to render them liable to cre- ate an alcohol or drug habit, or satisfy such habits when otherwise created. (3) To inquire whether, or to what extent, the commonly advertised patent medicines contain potent drugs in suf- ficient proportion to render them dangerous in the hands of the laity. (4) To inquire into the extent to which patent medi- cines are fraudulently adver- • or differ in composition or origin from the claims made ■ m, or to the extent to which they are advertised for the ■ diseases for which no cure is known to medical science. scope of the functions above imposed is sufficiently com- sive to include practically every phase of the proprie- : .edicine question which the Commission may choose to -er. and since the number of proprietary medicines on sale •-:.e United States is estimated at 40,000 to 50,000 items, (in- :iiv? of the large number used by the medical profession,, f-xclusive of the thousands of druggists' "own make" prep- ations, usually of only local reputation) it will be seen that he task assigned to the commission is by no means a trivial Literature is Controversial While the literature relating to proprietary medicines is of nomious volume, — if much of the printed matter relating to his subject can be dignified by the name of literature — a very arge proportion of it is of so controversial a character that t may be dismissed at once as of little value, consisting in arge part of sweeping general assertions against or in favor •i proprietary medicines, the sifting of which results in a ast amount of chaff and very little wheat. The policy of the American Pharmaceutical Association has Iways been distinctly unfavorable to the increased use of roprietary medicines, including both those supplied for the I se of the medical profession and those intended for direct sale (3 the general public, and long before the American Medical ilissociation began its active campaign against them the for- mer association had repeatedly placed itself on record in op- osition to the multiplication of ready-made medicinal agents. for the reason, aside from other considerations, that tlie use of such forms of medication has a tendency to reduce the dispensing pharmacist from the rank of a compounder of drugs and medicines to tliat of a mere dealer in the merchandise of other manufacturers. Not only does the use of proprietary medicines tend to reduce the legitimate compounding profits of the pharmacist when they are dispensed by him on the order of the physician, but the readiness with which such medicines lend themselves to dispensing by physicians, and the avidity with which phy- sicians have availed tliemselves of this quality have combined to relieve the retail pharmacist of a great deal of dispensing business, though in theory he is the legalized distributor of medicinal agents. Situation is Unsatisfactory In the case of the proprietary medicines which are adver- tised and sold directly to the general public, the situation as it affects the retail pharmacist, is equally unsatisfactory. Even when the advertised prices are obtained the retailer's profit on such articles is only moderate, and when they are sold at cut prices, as is frequently the case, the percentage of profit is usually less than the net percentage cost of doing business. While the American Pharmaceutical Association has never formally recognized the right of proprietorship in medicinal agents, the American Medical .'\ssociation, on the other hand, has yielded to the necessities of the situation, and through the action of its Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry has placed the stamp of legitimacy upon numerous patented or protected chemicals, or other articles of proprietary origin. In granting such recognition, however, certain conditions and regulations are imposed which tend to effectually guard the financial and professional interests of the medical profession, and which brand with professional disapproval all proprietary remedies likely to reach the hands of the laity otherwise than througfi the physician or on his prescription. Regulations of the Council Among the most useful of these regulations of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry are ; Rule 3, which prohibits the recognition of any medicinal agent that is advertised directly to the general public. Only insecti- cides, germicides, disinfectants, and non-medicinal foods are e.xcepted from this rule, and these are excepted only when they are not advertised as curative agent*. Rule 4, which prohibits the recognition of any article whose label, package, or accompanying circulars contain the names of the diseases for the treatment of which the article is said to be indicated. (Tliis rule does not apply to remedies with which self-medica- tion is obviously improbable,^ such as vaccines and antitoxins, nor to cases where similar immediate heroic treatment is in- dicated.) Rule 8, which excludes from recognition all articles whose names are suggestive of the diseases or pathological conditions for which they may be used, or which are suggestive of therapeutic indications. Since without direct advertising (prohibited by Rule 3) the 422 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [October, 1915 general public would not learn of the existence of proprietary remedies, and would not be likely to purchase them without information as to the affections for which they are intended, (the giving of which information is prohibited by Rules 4 and 8) it follows that if these rules could be given the force of law and universally enforced, the sale and use of proprietary medicines, except under the direction of qualified physicians, would be reduced to a negligible quantity. While these rules are admirably adapted to conserve the financial and professional interests of the physician, their ap- plication to remedies intended for sale to the general public could hardly operate otherwise than to still further contract the small volume of business left to the pharmacist by the dispensing physician. Druggists' "Own Make" Remedies Druggists' own make preparations and those produced by co-operative companies are clearly within the category of proprietary medicines if they are recommended to the laity for self-medication, and hence must be subject to the same rules regulating advertising and labeling. If the right to bring ready-made remedies to public attention and to state on the labels and wrappers what they are to be used for be denied, the sales of such articles would soon decline to the vanishing point. Whether in such case physicians would enthusiastically begin the writing of prescriptions is a question which one drug- gist should be able to answer as well as another. The risk is with the druggist, and it is not surprising that he should hesi- tate to approve a step which would mean a certain reduction of income on the chance of an uncertain gain from another source. Unfortunately the problems involved in the use of proprietary medicines, especially those known as patent medicines, have too frequently been discussed from a purely partisan stand- point, and in a manner better calculated to cloud judgment than to illuminate it. Many Inconsistent Arguments 1. Too many inconsistent and self-contradictory arguments have been presented in behalf of the same proposition. For example, thousands of analyses have been published tending to show tliat proprietary medicines are not the result of great and wonderful discoveries made by their manufacturers, but that, on the contrary, they are in many cases combinations of well known and commonly used drugs, recognized by the medi- cal profession as valuable remedies when properly applied. This is a good argument to explode the fanciful claims fre- quently made for proprietary medicines, but it has been largely nullified by sweeping general statements to the effect that all proprietary medicines are dangerous or worthless, which im- mediately prompts their defenders to inquire why they should be considered dangerous and worthless if they are practically the same as the combinations used by physicians, and why a given mixture should be considered a valuable and efficient remedy when dispensed by or on the order of a physician, and dangerous and worthless when put up in a carton, with printed label and wrapper. The net result of such contradictory arguments is only to weaken the faith of the public in the efficiency of medicine in general, and to leave the impression that proprietary remedies are at least as good as any others, since none of them amounts to very much. 2. While condemning proprietary remedies which are widely advertised, and have a general sale, pharmacists have not hesi- tated to recommend their "own make" preparations of similar character in their place, from which the customer is likely to infer that tlio opposition to the advertised remedy is prompted mainly by iIm f u i ilint it docs not return as good a profit as the home ( . ■ i - .lim i ixture. The armiiiMiit lli.il the own make pn-j i:\ rn lion non --;r-crpt, has but little wciijit willi tlu ' ..,„s that all he wants to know i-^ w i i„a that his information will not I- ; of ingredients of whose separate (lualilics and nuditinal value he knows little or nothing. Physicians also Inconsistent 3. While dei I ' -^t proprietary medicines as a class, pharmacist Mtated to continue to stock and sell them, or to i<, ■ ! il rn, by the recital of cases where they have been used with apparent benefit. In this respect the physician has been as inconsistent as the pharmacist. Thousands of registered physicians are also the owners of drug stores, but we have yet to learn of a phy- sician druggist, — though there may be such — who does not carry a full line of popular patent medicines for sale to all who ask for them; nor would it be difficult to show that many phy- sicians have used and continue to use such remedies in their private practice. 4. In most of these discussions only minor emphasis has been placed upon the fact that the greatest evil of the patent medicine industry is the falsity and extravagance with which its products have been exploited. This is the basic evil of the patent medicine business and the point where it is most vul- nerable, and an attack upon this evil needs no argument for its justification. Numerous patent medicines are mixtures which have some merit if properly applied in cases for which they are adapted; the evil is not in the remedies themselves but in the method of their exploitation. Sweeping general assertions of the abso- lute worthlessness of patent medicines, besides being untrue, have a contrary effect to the one intended, as for example, . the following, attributed to a prominent antagonist of propri- j etary medicines, "Every advertised cure for disease is a fraud. Its vendor is a quack; his publisher an accomplice; his patron a dupe. One rule covers the field, if it's medical it's a fake." "An honest and meritorious medicine could not live," "A real cure wouldn't make office rent," etc. INIost people have used patent medicines sometimes in their lives, and when they read such advertisements as the above, are inclined to suspect that tlie whole campaign against ready-made remedies is in- sincere and prompted largely if not wholly by selfish motives. Definitions for Proprietary Medicines, Etc. One of the first tasks attempted by the Commission was die adoption of a set of general definitions to serve as a basis for its deliberations, and this has proved to be by no means as easy and simple as it might appear. The definitions finally decided upon, though formulated only after considerable thought and consultation of authorities, are not assumed to be perfect, and suggestions for their further improvement will be welcomed. Proprietary Medicine — A judicial definition of proprietary medicine found in the case of State vs Donaldson, (41 Minn. 80-83) is as follows: It is a matter of common knowledge that what are called "patent" or "proprietary" medicines are prepared for immedi- ate use by the public, put up in packages or bottles, labeled with the name and accompanied by zvrappers containing dircctioni for their use, and the conditions for which they are specifics In this condition they are distributed over the country in lar%i quantities and sold to consumers in original packages, just a they are purchased by the dealer, without any other or furthei preparation or compounding. It is evident fom the language employed that the leamec judge had in mind only the class of preparations conimonK known as "patent" medicines, and the definition there- fore is properly applicable only to that class of proprietaries The definition adopted by the Council on Pharmacy am Chemistry of the American Medical Association, reported u New and Non-Official Remedies, is as follows: The term, "proprietary article," in this phce shall mean cw chemical, drug or similar preparation used in the treatment o disease, if such article is protected against free competition, a to name, product, composition or process of manufacture b secrecy, patent, copyright, or in any other manner. The latter definition possesses tlie advantage of compactnes with substantial accuracy, but does not set forth the fac^oi of proprietorship with sufficient detail to meet all of the n quirements of the Commission. The essential feature of proprietorship is the special owrei ship claimed or assumed by the manufacturer of the e.xclu'* right to manufacture and sell the niLxture, or the exclusive rig! to the use of the name or title under which it is sold, and th is the feature which the Commission has sought to emphasii in the following definition: In its widest sense, a proprietary medicine is any drug, chen ical or preparation, whether simple or compound, intended i recommended for the cure, treatment or prcienticm of diseoi either of man or of lower animals, the exclusive right to tt manufacture of which is assumed or claimed by some particid firm or individual, or which is protected against free compt^ tion as to name, character of product, composition or priKt October, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 423 of manufacture by secrecy, patent, copyright, trade-mark, or in any other manner. Classification of Proprietary Medicines The most obvious classification of proprietary medicines is, of course, into ethical preparations, or those which are adver- tised only to the medical profession, and non-ediical or pat- ent medicines, or tliose which are either advertised directly to the general public or named or advertised in such a way that in course of time the public will become acquainted with their properties, and tlius be led to purchase them direct, without the advice of a physician. While it is simple enough to make a distinction between the two classes on paper, it is much less simple to make a prac- tical application of the distinction. While in theory physicians prescribe and use only those of the first class, as a matter of fact tliey frequently prescribe and perhaps still more frequently u'o those of the second class, though usually with the precaution of removing the label, 3T transferring the medicine to another package so that its pro- prietary character is not recognizable. Bearing upon the difficulty of distinguishing between ethical uid non-ethical preparations is the following extract from an Klitorial in the Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 64, p. 530) : "When the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry was started we announced that we did not see any clear line of demarca- tion between 'patent medicines' and many so-called 'ethical aroprietaries.' Time has not caused us to change our opinion." To the same effect is the following extract from a letter by ■Jae editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association .0 the Chairman of the Commission, which is quoted by per- "A 'proprietary' medicine is one that is owned and controlled )y some individual, corporation or company. The name itself iefines it. There is no difference between a 'proprietary' and ■. 'patent' medicine. The latter is a misnomer, but is generally .pplied to proprietary medicines that are advertised directly the public. These are about llie views expressed in The 'ournal on many and various occasions. At the very beginning •f our propaganda work, some nine years ago, I brought out his point, and it raised a howl among the 'ethical' proprie- iry manufacturers. But as time has gone on I believe that he average doctor has begun to realize the same thing. Lis- irine used to be advertised in medical journals only; it was nen an 'ethical' proprietary. Now it is advertised in lay ublications; hence it is a 'patent' medicine. But I do not ' link it is any more a patent medicine now than it was ten .ears ago; or that it was any more an 'ethical' proprietary ten jSars ago than it is to-day. So also with Antikamnia." Ethical and Non-Ethical Preparations _ The distinction then between ethical and non-ethical proprie- ; ries is not in the character of their composition, but in the man- I'a' of their exploitation. An otherwise ethical preparation ex- jjoited in a non-ethical way thereby becomes non-ethical, and ; is regardless of its composition or usefulness. Secrecy, while ^1 element, is not the only element in determining the non- , hical character of a preparation, because not even the open liblication of the formula will save it from being classed as ! >n-ethical, if exploited to the general public, or if exploited in 1 non-ethical manner. ;,As stated by Editor Simmons in the letter above quoted, the TD patent medicine is a "misnomer." It was applied origi- |l,lly to remedies protected by letters patent and sold in pack- i»es of distinctive form and size. Later the custom of taking u^t patents upon medicinal mixtures ceased, but the custom I selling them in packages of distincti%'e form and siz« con- [.'ued, and so they have continued to bear the same designa- , n as formerly. The term is now wholly inappropriate, but apparently so firmly fixed in usage that it seems likely to "sist as long as the class of remedies to which it is habitu- irplied continues in existence. ii-stinction between the two classes of proprietaries proved by the Commission is expressed in the fol- , ciefinitions : ; 'ROPRiETARY Medicines Exploited in Accordance with Reqitremen-ts of Medical Ethics, or so-called "Ethical 1 1 IPRIETARIES" : Proprietary medicines, the active ingredients I which, with their proportions, are stated on the Iabr>l or otlicrwise published, and which are not advertised to the gen- eral public, either through the public press by accompanying circulars or in any other manner, and not accompanied by printed matter calculated to encourage dieir use by the laity Without the advice of a physician. Proprietary Medicines Advertised Directly to the Pub- lic or so-called "Patent Mediclnes" : Proprietary medicines, w^hether of secret or of open formula, which are advertised directly to the general public through newspapers, by circulars or in any other manner, and tlie packages of which are ac- companied by printed matter specifying the affections, symp- toms, or purposes for which the remedies are recommended, and directions for their use.* Patented Medicines — While it is no longer customary to grant patents upon preparations which are mere mixtures of known remedial agents, it is still the custom to grant patents upon newly discovered chemical compounds which have an alleged use in medicine, and these derivatives of the tar barrel, or "German synthetics," are among tlie most commonly used medicinal agents employed by the medical profession. In order to distinguish these really patented products from the unpatented "patent medicines," the following definition has been adopted: "Patented Medicine". Any proprietary medicine protected by an unexpired patent issued by the Government of the United States or by the government of any foreign country. Drug Habit and Habit-Forming Drugs — One of the duties imposed upon the Commission is to determine to what extent "the proprietary medicines commonly known as patent medi- cines contain alcohol or habit-forming narcotic drugs in suf- ficient amount to render tliem liable to create an alcohol or drug habit, or to satisfy such habits when otherwise created," which necessitates a clear understanding of the terms drug habit and habit-forming drugs. While these- terms are fairly well understood_by medical authorities, attempts are sometimes made to stretch their ap- plication to an unwarranted extent. Some would class as a drug habit the taking of the same remedy for a recurrent ail- ment, although the drug was not used between the successive recurrences, and although there was no increase in the dosage required for relief. As one such correspondent puts it, "if a man in a malaria country takes quinine every time he has 'the shakes,' he has a drug habit, and quinine is the habit-forming drug." Such definitions are, of course, mere verbal plays upon the terms habit and habit-forming, and are not worthy of serious consideration. If we examine a typical case of drug habituation we shall find certain elements constantly present: 1. Increased tolerance for the drug, so that doses can be safely taken that would have produced serious or even fatal results if taken before habituation was established. 2. The continuance of tlie drug after the occasion for which it was originally used has passed, for the sake of obtaining the physiological effects of the drug alone, or of avoiding the effects which would result from its discontinuance. 3. The sudden discontinuance of the drug produces a marked sense of discomfort, and may occasion serious functional dis- turbance. After consultation of various authorities, the Commission has decided upon the following definitions: "Drug Habit": An acquired tolerance for quantities of a drug in excess of the normal, safe dose, and a craving or appe- tite which can be satisfied only by the continued use of such drug, or of some other drug of equivalent or similar physio- logical properties. "Habit- Forming Drug" : Any drug or mixture the con- tinued use of which leads to the toleration of quantities greatly in excess of the normal, safe dose, or to a constitutional crav- ing or need for the drug, the sudden discontinuance of which occasions a marked sense of discomfort, and may cause serious or well-marked functional disturbance. *The terms "ethical" and "non-ethical" as employed in this report are intended merely to distinguish between remedies ex- ploited in accordance with the rules of medical ethics regarding the advertising of medicinal agents, and those advertised to the general public in contravention of such rules. The terms have been used for want of better, and are not to be understood as I'Tinlyine any idea of relative merit. {To be concluded in November issue) 424 THE PHAEMACEUTICAL ERA [October, 1915 Chemists Demonstrate Resourcefulness of U. S. Exposition at Grand Central Palace, New York City, Shows That American Industries Are Wide Awake to Bis Opportunities Open to Them. That the chemical and pharmaceutical manufac- turers of the United States have fully awauened to the opportunities which the war in Europe has cre- ated for this growing American industry is evi- denced by some of the displays at the first annual National Exposition of Chemical Industries, which opened Monday, September 20, at Grand Central Palace, New York City. The Exposition made cer- tain what has heretofore been partly conjecture, that America is in a position to become at least partly independent of Europe in the manufacture of many industrial and medicinal chemicals. This show, the first of its kind in this eoimtry, should be the means of stimulating the chemical industries and of educating the public as to the commercial and industrial importance of chemistry to the United States. Merck & Co., of New York and Rahway, N. J., had on display excellent samples of nitro-benzol aniline, carbolic acid, aniline oil, hydroquinine and pure benzol, all of their own manufacture. Thomas A. Edison, East Orange, N. J., exhibited ani- line oil, nitrobenzol (oil mirbane) B. P., naphthalene, toluol, benzol, xylol, solvent naphtha, benzenesulphonate of soda, ace- tanilid, para-nitro acetanilid, phenol resin, para-phenylenedia- mine, benzenesulphonic acid, para-phenylenediamine acetate, phenol, etc., all products manufactured by this company since last February. There were also on display samples of the famous nickel flakes used by the "Wizard" in the manufacture of his submarine batteries, which do away with the danger from death from escaping chlorine gas. Appeal for Tariff Protection The Benzol Products Co. showed photographs of its new fac- tories at Frankford and Marcus Hook, Pa. This company also distributed literature along lines calculated to influence the Government to protect American manufacturers of ani- line oil, etc. To quote one of their pamphlets: "The manufacture of dyes is necessarily complex and in- volved and must be a development of slow growth. It would be easier to organize an army of a million men or a navy of a thousand vessels than to build up at short notice such an industry as the Germans have developed for the manufac- ture of coal tar products. "We have the men and the means to do the one, but to do the other requires a special force of men trained in univer- sities and technical institutions. Such men must have special- ized in the chemistry and technology of dyes, and have sup- plemented their academic career by practical experience to fit them to design and develop the apparatus necessary for the complicated scientific operations involved. The United States of America have not thus far given much opportunity for such workers." In line with the above is the quotation from the annual address delivered by Thomas P. Smith before the Philadelphia Chemical Society, April 11, 1798, and which was featured in big letters on a poster hung in the booth of the American Chem- ical Society. It reads: "The only true basis on which the independence of our country can rest are agriculture and manufactures. To the promotion of these nothing tends to a higher degree than chemistry." The Du Pont Chemical Works, Wilmington, Del., had on display various of their chemical products, especially interest- ing in view of present wartime conditions. The Monsanto Chemical Works, of St. Louis, which since the war has been manufacturing coumarin, exhibited sample containers of this product, also of acetphenetidin, caffeine, chloral hydrate, gly- cerophosphates, (calcium, sodium potassium, etc.), phenolph- thalein, saccharin and vanillin. The Bayway Chemical Co., Bayway, Elizabeth, N. J., features its heavy naphthas, etc. The J. T. Baker Chemical Co., Phillipsburg, X. J., distributed "The Chemist-Analyst" and had on exhibition various of its products. A number of the exhibitors displayed dyes of their own manufacture and sample hanks of various colored yarns hung in their booths. Dr. Bemhard C. Hesse, of the General Chem- ical Co., New York City, in the course of an interview said : "We can make dyes easy enough, but the manufacturer hasn't yet got the co-operation of the user. Furthermore, we need Government aid so that Germany, at the end of the war, will not be permitted to unload all unused dyes on this coun- try at a suicide price for the producers in this country. The textile manufacturers and others who use aniline dyes refuse to tell us what demand there is. The dye makers don't want to sink a lot of money into the purchase of machinery unless they are told first there will be some return for their in- vestments." Eimer & Amend, New York City and Pittsburgh, e-x- hibited a line of laboratory equipment which was extremely in- teresting and instructive. There were polariscopes, balances, furnaces, incubators, water stills, microscopes — a great assort- ment of apparatus to delight the eye of the modem chemist Electricity was the keynote wherever heat was necessary. Dr>'- ing ovens are so adjusted that the "juice" goes on and off as the temperature fluctuates a degree, or a fraction thereol according to the work. In the electric furnaces the heat ii adjusted from 200° to 1800° by manipulating a damper as one might shake down a furnace. A particularly pertinent feature of the Eimer & Amend exhibit is the American-made beakers flasks, tubes, etc. Macbeth-Evans Glass Co., Pittsburgh, displayed flasks anc beakers of their manufacture. At their booth was distributee a booklet entitled "Flasks and Beakers for the Chemist", whid contains illustrations and prices on their beakers, and Erlen meyer, Kjeldahl, carbon and other flasks; watch glasses, Petr dishes and covers, etc. The Pfaudler Co., Rochester, N. Y., are featuring thei glass-enameled steel tanks and invite visitors at their boot; to "put your tank troubles upon our shoulders." On exhibi tion are samples of their seamless steel pots, upright ope tank, upright open jacketed tank, mixing tanks, rectangula vats, etc. Near the Edison exhibit at the show was the apparatus em ployed in the Rittman process for tlie manufacture of bena and toluol from crude petroleum. There were also shown quai titles of crude petroleum, the "split" liquid incidental to tb process, etc. The exhibits of the U. S. Government departments of Coit merce. Interior and .Agriculture held the attention of the laj man, particularly. There were samples of ores and mineral many interesting photographs, hundreds of pamphlets on multitude of subjects, which will be issued on application (i Washington), etc. NOVEL WINDOW DEMONSTRATION A Denver drug store in the shopping district, recently intn duced a novel advertising scheme. Man clad only in swin ming trunks jiosed as a wounded soldier on a cot in tl window alcove. Young woman, dressed in costume of R« Cross nurse, entered and proceeded to dress and bandage approved manner, several wounds indicated by splashes i red on tlie man's head, arm and leg. .A nearby table ca taincd an assortment of lint, adhesive plaster, absorbent oo ton, splints, gauze, vaseline, antiseptics, etc. Placard in one comer suggested that such tliiniTS shou be kept in every home for use in emergency. Placard '"n opp site corner bore the words: "What to do till the doctor comes .'\s a variation, the nurse, using the man as a subject, dema strated what to do in case of apparent drowning, asphyxiati by smoke or gas, frozen limbs: also how to check excessi loss of blood from recent wound, antidote to apply in case bite from poisonous reptile. Pl.icards alternately hung em bt \vn\\ of alcove informed spectators as to the pre)cess or opo tion being demonstrated at tlie time. October, 1915] THE PHARiAIACEUTICAL ERA 425 U. S. p. Brings Educational Problem New Edition Will Require Serious Study and Educators Should Help Drugtrists to Acquire Learning Necessary BY JOSEPH WEINSTEIN, Phar.D., New York Joseph Weixstein, Phar.D. THE ninth edition of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia will soon be completed. The Committee on its revision has spared no effort to make this book represent the last work of the pharmaceutical science. The nomenclature, the macro- and microscopical pharmacog- nostic descriptions of botanical drugs, the chemistry of sub- stances minutely described, the modus operandi in preparing galenicals, the purity rubrics, the assay processes, — each and all will bear testimony to the scientific character and to the up-to-dateness of tlie work. The new book will soon be placed in the hands of the pharmacist unto whom it is the law by which he is to abide, to its commands he must strict- ly adhere, and with all its re- quirements he is obliged to comply. Thus the decennial re- vision of the pharmacopoeia be- comes a compelling power on the pharmacist to keep abreast of tiie times, for punishment is in store for him for failure to comply with the changed re- quirements. Unique indeed in this respect is the position of the phar- macist. There is no such a thing as compelling any other pro- fessional to decennially change his ways. If a physician be de- sirous to take up present day methods, good and well, but no law will interfere, for instance, with the medicus for remaining loyal to the old-fashioned arsenic treatment in leucemia and for his not resorting to the somewhat more successful benzol medication and X-ray treatment. Not so with the pharmacist. "Thou shalt not go any longer by old methods; by the new and latest abide" — is the dictum to him, and he must obey. This order of things, whereby the druggist is to be kept from getting rusty and is to be prevented from becoming fossilized; this peremptory fiat on the pharmacist to imbibe the last and best in his science and tliis lifting pharmacy up- wards, though accepted by all as a matter of course and very gratifying to all true lovers of professional pharmacy, is some- what perplexing to me, causing me some uneasiness and placing me in the category of questioners. I am inclined to ask, whether the rank and file of the phar- macists are sufficiently prepared to take up the advanced meth- ods prescribed by the pharmacopoeia. Being fully aware that in many a state not even the minimum two years' course in a pharmacy school is required for licensing to practice phar- macy, I feel like asking what is at present the percentage of pharmacists in the United States who are fully able to meet the high expectations of them? For, could one to whom no laboratory training has been given be expected to apply chetr- ical tests and to perform assay processes for determining the alkaloidal strength of some of his galenical preparations? Or could one who has never seen a compound microscope be ex- pected to examine his drugs microscopically? Truly, were I to be called upon for an expert opinion on the liability of the pharmacist, I would declare that wherever the requirements of the licensing board are not sufficiently high and do not measure up to the knowledge exacted of him hy the pharmacopoeia, the pharmacist cannot be answerable for his shortcomings for he is not fully responsible. By giving this opinion of mine I do not wish to convey the impression that our standard is too high, and that something is to be done to retard the progress of pharmacy. Far be it from me. The disagreeable truth is told with the object of calling attention to the necessity of action for improving tlie status of pharmaceutical education, and especially to help tliose who, through no fault of their own, are behind the times but if given the opportunity, would be only too happy to add to their store of knowledge. ^ , » , With this object in view I would advocate, first, that a standard be established for pharmaceutical education in the United States below which no board should have the authority to go and which should be sufficiently high to make a phar- macist fully prepared for his work, as such preparation is un- derstood in our days. When this is agreed upon, boards ot pharmacy especially in the states that have no college pre- requisite, shall not license a pharmacist on the strength ot his theoretical knowledge only, consisting of written answers to the examination questions, but submit the candidate to a thorough practical examination as to his ability to test the purity of his drugs, his ability to do analytical work, etc. _ Second for the benefit of those members, of our profession, who became such in years gone by when the requirements were low or who acquired their calling in sections of the country where no college training was required and where the boards were easy but who, I dare say, are numbered in the thousands, facilities of additional learning should be provided by the estab- lishing of special pharmaceutical courses. Let the schools of pharmacy throw their doors wide open for all those who desire to get information on everything pertaining to the pharma- copoeia, without any preliminary requirements and at hours convenient for the retail druggist. The courses should be con- ducted on practical lines only, such as testing for impurities, assay processes, etc., entirely eliminating theoretical instruc- tion Courses of tliat kind would be productive of great good, and they would help to do away with the anomalous state of affairs where ever-increasing knowledge is required of the pharmacist without giving him an opportunity to acquire the same. This is a promising field for our educators, many of whom are also members of the Revision Committee and who are familiar with the theological lore, that when Moses legis- lated for the Israelites in the wilderness he clearly perceived the unpreparedness of his contemporaries to adopt his laws, his code of ethics, but he proceeded with his work, having in mind the fact that his own generation would die off, and aim- ing at their descendants and at generations to come who would be more fit for his teachings. Let us hope our members ot the Revision Committee have not aimed that far, for the thou-sands of pharmacists who are not fully up to the present- day requirements are not quite ready to die, they wish to live and to compete with us and they can through the agency of additional work taken up at special courses become good and useful members of our great pharmaceutical fraternity. ELIXIR OF CINCHONA, N. F.* (Peruvian Cordial, Elixir of Calisaya) By A. N. DOERSCHUK The usual preparation of elixir of calisaya seen in drug stores, unless freshly made, presents a very unsightly opaque- ness and precipitate, and is far from being the delicate and in- viting bitter tonic vehicle intended by the physician when he orders this item. The National Formulary process is bad and has not been well studied. It has been always considered undesirable to make tinctures from fluidextracts, and it is still more unde- sirable to try to make elixirs from tinctures. Proctor's formula of sixty years ago made a much more delectable preparation. This consisted of percolating cinchona bark and aromatics with brandy and water and adding sugar. * Presented at the meeting of the A. Ph. A., San Francisco. 1915, and comnrunicated by the author. •Presented to the Missouri Pharmaceutical Associati IS. 1915. June 426 THE PHARMACEUTICAI. ERA [October, 1915 The sample presented herewith has stood for over a year without filtration, and fully represents the N. F. preparation in drug strength with no additions. It was made as follows: Into a clean gallon bottle place 1850 grains of cinchona in No. 60 powder, previously triturated with one ounce purified talc, and add 42 ounces of alcohol. Agitate occasionally during three days, and then add 690 minims of glycerin, and 16 ounces of distilled water. At this point the alcohol has dissolved the resins and coloring matter of the cinchona much more com- pletely than an alcoholic dilution can do, and by the addition of the glycerin and water, the cinchona is now suspended in the correct menstruum for the tincture, with the added sol- vent benefit of all the alcohol in the aromatic elixir as well. The volume of solvent now acting on the cinchona is around 60 ounces, while the finished tincture used to the gallon is only nineteen ounces and eighty minims. By occasionally agi- tating this mixture well corked on a slow warm water bath for two hours, all the active principles of the cinchona come into solution. Add 442 minims compound spirit of orange, 16 fluid ounces glycerin, 38 troy ounces of sugar, and agitate. The sugjar being introduced at this time aids in preventuig much precipitation when the required quantity of warm wa- ter is added to make one gallon of mixture. This mixture should stand some days, and before filtering should be well chilled in the refrigerator and filtered cold. By this means are eliminated the extractives that come down in changing weather and make this preparation so unsightly. After the filter is started, add five ounces of powders. The product will filter out one gallon, and if the complete first filtrate is agitated and again passed cold through the filter, a very hand- some product results that stands up well and has the full value, color, brilliancy and aroma that elixir of calisaya should have. Wins Appeal in Trade-Mark Case The Theodore Rectanus Co., of Louisville, Ky., has won out in the United States Circuit Court of Appeals, at Cin- cinnati, in its appeal from the decision of the District Court in favor of the United Drug Co., of Boston, Mass. A de- cree was awarded the Boston company restraining the Rec- tanus company from using a trade-mark on a blood-remedy. The appellate court held that the trade-mark was undoubtedly the property of the plaintiff, but that it had also been used by the Louisville concern, without interruption or complaint, since 1883, in connection with its preparation, and that the Boston company was therefore estopped to complain. To Restrict Sale of Chloral Hydrate _ At a recent meeting of the Ohio Valley Druggists' Associa- tion board of control, held in Cincinnati, President Charles Harding called to the attention of the Board the necessity for some action with reference to prohibiting the unrestricted sale of chloral hydrate and cannabis indicus, or hasheesh, as In- dian hemp is known. He pointed out that in view of the stringent restrictions. State and Federal, against the sale of other habit-forming drugs, the danger of drug fiends resorting to these was all the greater, and it seems that at present there is no legal restriction on their sale. The organization will take some action in tliis connection. Greene Drug Co. Opens Store in Birmingliam A new company with a capitalization of $30,000 to be known as the Greene Drug Co., will open a drug store in the Empire building, corner of Twentieth street and First avenue, Bir- mingham, Ala., in the space formerly occupied by the R. D. Burnett Cigar Co. and the Traylor & Stanton Co. The new store will be modern in every department. A special feature will be a ladies retiring room which will be fitted with free telephone, writing materials and other conveniences. An ex- pert manicurist and chiropodist will be on hand to give her attention to women only. Unusual efforts are being made also to fit up the cigar and rubber goods departments with especial care. Mr. Greene, who was formerly with the United Drug Co., has taken a ten year lease on the property and will have his store ready for business about October 1. Foreign Abstracts Colorimetric Test for Oxalic Acid — This new test depends on the formation of a colored com- pound when traces of oxalic acid come in contact with par- tially oxidized manganese hydroxide in the presence of fixed alkali. The color is supposed to be due to the formation of a double salt, which is unstable when the solution is heated. Less than 1 mg. of oxalic acid may be detected as follows: Dissolve 2 to 5 mg. of manganese sulphate in a few drops of water in a test tube, add a drop of caustic soda or potash solution, warm until oxidized, and cool; add the solution to be tested, which must be free of reducing substances, by drops. If the oxalic acid solution contains free mineral acid, neutral- ize with soda, and acidify with sulphuric acid, by testing with litmus paper, and proceed as before. The author claims that oxalic acid may be detected in the presence of mineral acids, acetic, butyric, valeric, citric, tartaric, lactic, benzoic, and salicylic acids, phenol, and small amounts of formic acid. Tannic acid interferes. With tannic acid or formic acid, the oxalic acid should be separated as calcium oxalate, and the latter split up by sulphuric acid. Reciprocally, the test may be used to detect manganese, and is sensitive to 1 part in 200,000 of solution. To the acid solution to be tested, add a little caustic soda, warm, cool and add a few drops of half- normal oxalic acid. (Sacher, Chem. Ztg., 1915, p. 319; through C. A.) Alcohol Determinations in Galenicals — Reuss has made a careful study of the method of Richter, previously reported in these Abstracts, for the determination of alcohol in galenicals containing volatile oils and other sub- stances which would interfere with a direct determination by simple distillation. In a 200 cc. separatory funnel, with a short stem, 25 g. of the preparation are treated with 25 g. of 20 per cent salt solution, and 15 g. of petroleum ether, which boiled between 40° and 55°. After vigorous shaking, the aqueous layer was allowed to separate completely, and was then run into the distilling flask. The shaking was repeated with 10 or 15 g. additional of the salt solution, the aqueous layer being added to that in the flask. A few chips of earthen- ware are placed in the flask, to assist boiling, and foaming is prevented by the use of tannin, of which as much as 10 per cent must be added in extreme cases. The alcoholic distillate is received directly in the pycnometer, which has a capacity of 50 g. If volatile acids are present, they must be neutralized by potash or soda. Excellent results are reported widi spirit of peppermint, spirit of camphor, tincture of orange peel, tincture of myrrh, tincture of benzoin, while spirit of ether of the German Pharmacopoeia gave less satisfactorj* figures. (Reuss, Pharm. Zentralhalle, 1915, p. 61.) Arsenic Acid in Analysis — ■ Since arsenic acid forms insoluble compounds with many metals, Valentine uses it as a general precipitating medium in quantitative work. To a solution of the metallic salt, which should be nearly neutral, is added a measured excess of a standardized solution of potassium primarj' arsenate, or Mac- quer's salt. The solution is made up to a definite volume, filtered, and the excess of arsenate is determined in an aliquot part of tlie filtrate by means of potassium iodide, hydro- chloric acid, and standard thiosulphate solution. Results witH magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium, zinc and cad- mium, lead, manganese, nickel and cobalt, bismuth, aluminum, and chromium, were very accurate, and in the majority of cases tlic mctliod can be rapidly carried out. (\'alentine, Z. Analyt. Chem., 1915, p. 76.) Louisiana Board of Pharmacy Becomes Active Every drug store in New Orleans and elsewhere in the State of Louisiana is to be subjected to a rigid examination, according to Secretary Joseph T. Baiter, of the State Board, and prosecutions will result in ever>' case where the law is being violated. Failure to pay the registration fee and the operation of a drug store in the absence of a registered man will result in the revocation of a druggist's license. The dis- trict attorney has promised his co-operation. October, 1915] THE PHAEMACEUTICAL ERA 427 THE QUESTION BOX The ''Houj to Do It'' Department Conducted by Pharmaceutical Experts For the benefit of ERA Subscribers Meaning of Proof Spirit (S. W. C.) — "What is the difference between pure grain cologne spirits, 190 proof, 95 per cent alcohol, and high proof spirits (alcohol)?" "Cologne spirits" is a commercial designation for a highly rectified alcohol containing about 94 per cent of absolute ethyl (grain) alcohol. "Proof spirit," as defined by Sec. 3250, R.S., U. S., "shall be held to be that alcoholic liquor which contains one-half its volume of alcohol of a specific gravity of 0.7939 at 60° F." In other words, proof spirit, as recognized by the U. S. Government, contains 50 per cent by volume of abso- lute alcohol, and is reckoned by gaugers as equivalent to 100 degrees. Hence, 190" proof," as here applied, designates an alcohol which, when measured by the U. S. Revenue standard for proof spirit, is 90 degrees above proof, equivalent to an alcohol of 95 per cent by volume or 92.5 per cent by weight. Ninety-five per cent alcohol, without other qualification, may be taken to mean an alcohol containing about 95 per c^ of absolute alcohol and conforms in general to the U.S.P. stand- ard. ''High proof spirits" may be a general commercial desig- nation for any alcoholic spirits or high wines containing a high percentage of absolute alcohol; the expression, however, designates no specific alcoholic strength either in terms of de- grees proof or of percentage by volume or weight. According to the old English law, "proof spirit," as used for excise purposes, is an alcoholic liquor that weighs exactly twelve-thirteenths of the weight of an equal bulk of water, at a temperature of 51° F. The specific gravity of such a spirit at 60° F. is 0.9198. It contains 49.24 per cent alcohol by weight and 57.06 per cent by volume. Spirits weaker than proof are designated U.P., or under-proof, and stronger than proof as O.P., or overproof. It will be easily seen, therefore, that in the United States the proof spirit is considerably weaker than in England. At best, the use of these terms is an old- fashioned way of expressing the alcoholic strength of spirit. The correct manner of expressing the strength of alcohol, at least theoretically, is as per cent by weight, although the per cent by volume is generally employed. Sale of Bichloride Tablets (Perplexed Dispenser) — "Is it morally right for a druggi'st to sell mercury bichloride tablets without a physician's pre- scription? I believe these tablets are largely used to prevent conception, but can't say positively. Most of my customers say they use them as a douche or wash. So far as I know, all druggists sell these tableU. Will you please discuss this ques- tion in your query column?" The sale of mercury bichloride tablets without prescription is quite generally permitted in most states, providing the drug- gist shall conform to certain requirements which are more or less fully stated in the poison law. But in theory, at least, the law places upon the druggist the responsibility of ascertain- ing that the person desiring the poison is aware of the toxic character of such substance and if it is to be used for a legiti- mate purpose. If the druggist is satisfied with the presenta- tion of these facts (in most states it is unlawful for any person to give a fictitious name or to make any false repre- sentations to the seller in buying poisons), the sale may be consummated, providing the druggist performs his full duty in labeling the poison and registering the sale and delivery of the same as required by law. A sale of mercury bichloride tablets completed in the manner here outlined would hardly be considered as presumptive evidence that the druggist as a seller had violated any principle of law or of good morals. In some of the states, as stated above, it must satisfactorily appear that the poison is to be used for a legitimate purpose. Surely the prevention of conception is not considered in this category, as the laws of all states have provisions against the sale of all substances for such purposes, and if "Perplexed Dispenser" really believes that the mercury bichloride tablets he may sell are to be used in this way, it is his duty as a citizen to obey the law of the State and to practice good morals by refusing to make such sales. After all, it is a problem that he must solve for himself. Removing Carbon Deposits from Cylinders (X. Y. Z.) — "I send you by this mail a sample of a fluid, one ounce of which is to be added to five gallons of gasoline. It is claimed that its use will prevent a deposit of carbon in the cylinders, and if carbon is there, the fluid will remove it. The fluid also increases the horse-power and mileage 25%. Can it be picric acid?" The sample which X. Y. Z. says he mailed has not reached us and we cannot venture an opinion as to its probable com- position. However, we are informed that among the sub- stances employed for this purpose are acetone, denatured alco- hol, wood alcohol, kerosene, and other compounds. Picric acid possibly may be used, but to what e,xtent we are unable to state. As suggestive of the nature of these decarbonizing compounds, the United States Patent Office Gazette printed these specifications for a mixture recently patented : "A com- pound for use in removing carbon deposits from engines, con- sisting of (1) alcohol, 25%; carbon disulphide, about 25%; a hydrocarbon oil, about 25%, and a lubricating oil from 24 to 25%. (2) Alcohol, 25%; graphite, 1%; carbon, 25%; kero- sene, 25%, and a lubricating oil, about 25%." Another patented "composition for the prevention and re- moval of incrustation in explosion engines consists of potas- sium hydrate, 1 pound; gasolene, 3 quarts; alcohol, 1 quart; cylinder oil, 2 ounces, and ether, 25 minims." A Chemical Calculation (H. L. L.) — "Having difficulty in working out the follow- ing problem, I am writing to ask you to explain it through the Question Box department of the Era. "One hundred cubic inches of oxygen, at 60° F., and baro- meter at 30 inches, weighing 34.203 grains, and one gallon containing 277^ cubic inches, what weight of potassium chlor- ate will be required to yield 10 gallons of gas?" Answer — "The molecular weight of KCIO, is 122.46, and each molecule yields 3 atoms of O, or 48 parts; 10 gallons of oxygen contain 2772.5 cubic inches, which weigh 24.203 x 27.725, or 948.278 grains. Therefore, 948.278 x 122.46 and divided by 48 = 2419.27 grains of potassium chlorate needed. Sulphosalicylic Acid: Phosphotungstic Acid (R. J. C.) — "Please tell me something about sulphosalicylic acid and phosphotungstic acid, their manufacture, uses and prices?" Sulphosalicylic acid, also known as salicylic-sulphonic acid, C„H,SO,H.OH.COOH, is made by acting upon salicylic acid 428 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [October, 1915 with strong sulphuric acid, the product being usually prepared by heating together salicylic acid and sulphuric acid aYihy- dride. It occurs in small, colorless, needle-shaped crystals, melting point, 120° C, soluble in water and alcohol. It gives a deep violet coloration with solution of ferric chloride. This compound has been recommended for the treatment of rheu- matism, but its chief use is as a reagent for the detection of the presence of proteids of all kinds; it is said to furnish an exceedingly delicate test for albumin in urine. If a few crys- tals be added to the clear urine and the mixture agitated, a turbidity indicates the presence of albumin. The precipitate of albumin, or globulin, is not affected by heat, while that due te albumoses or peptones is dissolved, but reappears on cool- ing. Egg albumin (1 in 12,500) can be detected by this rea- gent, the precipitate formed being dense white and not redis- solved on boiling. Phosphotungstic acid can be made by adding phosphoric acid, H,PO^, to a hot solution of sodium tungslate till de- cidedly acid. Cool, and render strongly acid with acetic acid or hydrochloric acid. Filter after standing over night. This compound is used as a reagent for the precipitation of alkaloids, the precipitates formed in the reaction being similar to those given by phosphomolybdic acid. Various formulas are given for the preparation of this reagent, but all are closely similar. Thus, the well-known "Scheibler's Reagent," sodium phospho- tungstate, given in most works for the volumetric determina- tion of alkaloids, is made as follows: Dissolve sodium tung- state 100 parts, and sodium phosphate 60 to 80 parts, in water 500 parts, and add nitric acid to acid reaction. This reagent is employed similarly to Mayer's reagent. Both of these acids are listed in the Era Price List, sulpho- salicylic acid in 1-oz. vials at 44c, and phosphotungstic acid, CP. crystals, 1-oz. vials at 3Sc@42c. Both may be easily obtained from any dealer in chemical reagents, or from your wholesale druggist. Theobromine Sodium Salicylate in a Mixture (C. R. S.) — "Will you kindly print in your next issue the reason for the incompatibility in the following prescription?" Theobromine sodium salicylate 2 drams Potassium citrate 4 drams Spirit of nitrous ether, enough to make 3 ounces "On bringing these substances together a solid mass is obtained." Theobromine sodium salicylate (diuretin) according to the books is incompatible with acids, bicarbonates, borates, phos- phates, and other salts. In this prescription the theobromine is thrown out of solution by the acid of the spirit of nitrous ether, while potassium citrate is practically insoluble in the alcohol of the spirit. If the spirit of nitrous ether is strongly acid, there is also probably some free salicylic acid liberated. As a general proposition, theobromine sodium salicylate is best administered in aqueous solution. Spray Solution of Scarlet Red (T. P. M.) — In further reply to the difficulty propounded by you (this journal, March, 1915, page 114) in compounding the following prescription: Merck Biebreich scarlet, 20 per cent. Liquid petrolatum, colorless, P. D. & Co., 2 ounces. Mix and make a solution. Use as a throat spray in No. 29 DeVilblss nebulizer. W. Votteler, Louisville, Ky., writes: "If T. P. M. will use 1 to 2 per cent of oleic acid and tri- turate it with B. red he can make a solution that will mix with liquid petrolatum, colorless, in any proportion, but I would not like to dispense a 20 per cent mixture of the same unless I was positive that that strength was wanted." Flake White (B. S. C.) — "White flake," or more properly "flake white," is given in various works of reference as a synonym both for lead carbonate and bismuth subnitrate, the use of the term, esperinllv !n ill of the older works ' we have consulted, being I'sstru ' 1iite lead deposited in flakes. But in mod- s'"" ^ tics the term is used to designate bismuth subiiiii , .1>;n known as "pearl white". Lead car- bonati w.is Innii, ' ,„f] jg ^q^^ occasionally used as a pigment in f n in recent years its use has been largely supplai nh subnitrate which, in addi- tion to furnishing a good white for the purpose nained, is comparatively free from injurious effect upon the skin, the use of tlie lead salt sometimes inducing lead poisoning. ^ By finding out from the customer what the "flake white" is to be used for, you should be able to tell which of these sub- stances should be given. Emulsion of Olive Oil (G. K.) — In addition to the formula for the emulsion of olive oil given on page 46 of the Era Formulary, the follow- ing is taken from the British Pharmaceutical Codex: Olive oil 214 &■ ounces Gum arabic, in powder 1 ounce Distilled water, to make 20 fl. ounces Make a mucilage by triturating the gum arabic in a mortar with an equal quantity of distilled water, add the olive oil in a slow stream, stirring lightly until the mixture appears uni- form; then add gradually the remainder of the water. An alternative method is to triturate the olive oil with the gum arabic, add all at once twice as much distilled water as gum arabic used, make a primary emulsion, and add distilled water in small quantities up to the required volume. The dose is 2 to 8 fl. drams. Precipitation of Color in Fowler's Solution (Subscriber) — We hardly know what causes the color to precipitate out of your Fowler's solution. In fact, this rarely happens when the solution is made with freshly distilled water, and substances which answer the pharmacopoeial requirements, with the additional precaution that the solution shall be properly stored. The principal difficulty encountered with this preparation is its general keeping qualities, for in the course of time it develops fungoid growths which tend to alter its appearance. For this reason, pharmacists are usually directed not to keep it on hand in large quantities for any length of time. The precipitate sometimes formed in Fowler's solution is said to be due to the action of the alkaline solution on the glass container, producing silicic acid. We think il you were to store your solution in small containers, well-filled and corked, and label each with directions only to open them as the solution is wanted for use, the cloudy appearance and the tendency to develop fimgoid growths would be eliminated. Ichthyol in Suppositories (D. C. S.) — "I would like to have an opinion of the en- closed prescription and the best way to compound it" : Cocaine muriate 10 grains Tannic acid 3 grains Extract of belladonna 3 grains Extract of stramonium 3 grains Ichthyol 1 dram Mix and make into 12 suppositories. Several incompatibilities are apparent in this prescription, as tannic acid with cocaine and ichthyol with the alkaloids of the extracts. The suppositories made from this mass, how- ever manipulated, are not satisfactory. Practical dispensSTS are invited to send in their comments on this prescription for publication in this department. Mercury Tartrate (S. C. D. S.)— Segerblom ("Tables of Properties of over 1,500 Common Tnor>::inic Substances") describes two salts under the above litli ii>K urous tratrate. H^X^H.O,,. which occurs as a white. ei\stalline powder, slightly soluble in water, soluble in acids; and mercuric tartrate, HgC.H^Oe, a white crystalline powder that darkens on exposure to light; slightly soluble ni water; soluble in acids. In Merck's Index (Merck & Co., this city) mercurous tartrate is listed as a yellow, crystalline powder, insoluble in water and acids. We do not know to what extent it has been used in the treatment of syphilis. A Curious Order E, L. Campbell, \\'ichita, Kansas, sends to this departmoJt the following curious order as a sample of what the druggbt is called upon to interpret: "Mr. Camel please let the little girl have a bottol of soda Faustface & some kind of liver pils something that ant severe have you the lime that I can mix to drink on the count of hard waiter I will pay you Later day." October, 1915] TPIE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 429 Dr. S. S. Goldwater Wars on ^'Patent" Medicines New York City Health Commissioner Has Passed Ordinance Which May Be Beginning of Medical Men's Fight on Proprietaries. IN matters pertaining to the manufacture and sale of patent medicines, Dr. S. S. Goldwater, Commissioner of Health of the City of New York, is in a fair way to attract tis much attention to himself as did Dr. Harvey W. Wiley in connec- tion with the Pure Food and Drugs Act. Even though his jurisdiction does not extend be- yond the city limits of New York, Dr. Goldwater 's influence is being felt in many sections of the coun- trj'. Some manufacturers of proprietary medicines profess to see in his present activities a movement toward the much-discussed Federal department of health, presided over by M.D.s, which, it is feared, would be a big step in the direction of preventing self -medication of any kind. At. any rate Dr. Goldwater has written on the Sanitary Code a new ordinance, effective December 31, 1915, which threatens revolutionary changes in the marketing of patent medicines in New York City. This ordinance has received the endorsement of the American Public Health .-XBSOciation, which is comprised mainly of health officers of many muni- cipalities, and therein lies the danger that similar legislation, if effective in New York, may soon be adopted in every im- portant city in the country, and state and national legislation along the same lines is being energetically proposed. While there are many in the drug trade who sympathize and even applaud Dr. Goldwater's efforts to prevent the sale of so-called "cure-alls" for incurable diseases, or other secret remedies for which extravagant claims are made by manufac- turers, his methods do not find support in all quarters. The Proprietary .Association of .\merica, tlirough its counsel, Harry B. Thompson of Washington, D. C, has notified its members not to comply with the new regulations, and if the Depart- ment of Health of New York City undertakes to make an arrest a test case will be fought to determine the consti- tutionality of the ordinance. The point at issue is that fea- ture of the ordinance which would require manufacturers to file with the Department of Health a statement of the in- gredients of their preparations. Makers of medicines, which have for one reason or another been put up as "secrets", would thereby be producing information which hitherto they have been privileged to consider as solely their own property. The Proprietors' Case Harry B. Thompson, general counsel for the Proprietary Association, states the proprietors' case to The Ph.arivia- CEVTiCAL Era as follows: "Of course, the Health Board has no power to enact any such ordinance as this formulae disclosure clause, or to en- force the regulations made in pursuance thereof. Neither the ordinance nor the regulations are in any way related to the public health or public welfare of the people of New York, and this is borne out in four particulars. First, although the ordinance was enacted on December 31, 1914, its effective date was suspended until December 31 of this year, showing that the matter is not a very urgent one. If the health, or the public welfare of the people of that metropolis was at all menaced by the sale of proprietary remedies, the ingredients of which are not registered with the Board of Health for the secret information of that board, it would really seem too bad that so little disregard should be had for the health and welfare of those people between the time of enactment of the ordinance and its operative date. Second, those remedies which are advertised and sold under name, description, or definition found in the pharmacopoeia or the national formulary are not regarded as dangerous and may be sold, so far as the health ordinance of New York City is concerned, without any of the restrictions appearing either in the ordinance or the regulations. Now, many of these are positively dangerous, for I have been informed that there are 57 which call for narcotic drugs in sufficient quantities to place them within the provisions of the Harrison Anti-Narcotic Law, and the latter law did not become effective until two montlis after the enactment of this New York ordinance. Third, preparations which contain the name of ingredients set forth in English upon the package may be sold without restriction under the terms of the ordinance. The fourth particular contains the most interesting feature of the ordinance, one which so clearly sets forth its purpose, which reads in the ordinance as follows: 'The provisions of this section shall not, however, apply to any medicine or medicinal compounds sold or given away upon tlie written prescription of a duly licensed physician, provided such medicine or medicinal compound be sold or given away to or for the use of the person for whom it shall have been prescribed and provided that said prescription shall be filed.' Of course, this means that the provisions of this section shall not apply to any patent or proprietary medicine prescribed by physicians because patent and proprietary medicines con- stituted the subject matter of the ordinance, so that the evident purpose of the act was, to quote from the editorial of the Weekly Drug Markets of September 1, to stamp out self- medication, for it, says the editorial, 'reduced to its logical con- clusions means tliat the physician should prescribe for all ail- ments, a proposition which all are not ready to admit, but one which if satisfactorily worked out and adopted, would be a mighty good thing for the doctors, as it would tend to give them a monopoly of catering to human ills and whims.' "It is an interesting phase of governmental control to find an official clothed with a little brief authority so ready to oblige his professional brethren in enacting an ordinance es- pecially for their benefit. It also gives rise to an interesting observation and that is, that the wishes of the medical profes- sion to do away with self-medication of itself constitute, ipso facto, such a condition of affairs that a failure to comply with their wishes would prove a menace to the public health, so that the extraordinary powers vested in the Board of Health may be invoked for the purpose of discontinuing the practice of self -medication ." Dr. Gold-water is Interviewed Dr. Goldwater professes to believe that the department will have no more difficulty in enforcing this law than it has in enforcing any other. He said to a representative of The Pharmaceutical Era: "The law is going to be enforced absolutely. The depart- ment will have no more trouble enforcing this than it does enforcing its other regulations. "We require that the manufacturer who has a secret formula register this with us and receive a registry number. The formula will be placed on file with hundreds of other secret documents which the department has kept for years in perfect safety. There has never been any scandal in this office in connection with records being given out and I do not think there will ever be any cause for any. "The manufacturer who is making a preparation the formula of which has already been published does not have to secure a registry number. All he needs to do is to put the names of the ingredients on the bottle or package. If the remedy is taken from the National Formulary, it is sufficient to indicate this on the package. "Manufacturers and druggists are taking this regulation much too seriously," continued Dr. Goldwater. "The firm which is making an honest preparation need have nothing to fear from the new law. There are, however, a number of harmful remedies on the market and it is at these that the regulation is aimed. All reputable manufacturers will agree that it will be for the good of the trade to get rid of these. Working for National Legislation "I suppose there will be some dealers who will avoid the law by moving their establishments or appointing agents out of the jurisdiction of the department. But the number who do this will hardly make a tenth of the total business of the city. At any rate, it will do them but temporary good, for we are working for national legislation along these lines. We are in correspondence with health departments all over the coun- try, and it is only a matter of time before legislation will be uniform. Many manufacturers have expressed themselves as strongly in favor of this move. 430 THE PHAEMACEUTICAL ERA [October, 1915 "Samples have already begun to come in from manufacturers and retail druggists for registration. The department has had letters from a large number of firms assuring them of their hearty co-operation. We are prepared to handle any number of samples which may come into the office. If we are in any way doubtful of the preparations we will have them tested in our laboratories, but I do not anticipate that it will be necessary to test all of them. "The department will make no effort to go after samples. If the manufacturer chooses to disregard the law and not send in his samples it will be at his own risk. As soon as the department finds a remedy on the market which has not been registered, or which does not have the formula printed on the bottle, the manufacturer will find himself in court. If the manufacturer cannot be reached, the retailer is liable to prose- cution. Says Law Is Constitutional "There has been some talk among the trade that the law was unconstitutional. This is a groundless accusation. Last year when the law first came up there was a great stir and several associations and some individual firms secured couiisel to Investigate the matter. Nothing ever came of it. If the lav/yers had decided that there was anything wrong with the law, we would have heard of it before now. I do not think the retail druggist need have any fear of the chain-store advantage In fact one of the largest chains, which has stores both in and out of the city, has already notified the department that it will comply with the law." Health Officers Oppose "Patents" The attitude of health officers in other cities toward patent medicines is indicated by the resolutions adopted by the American Public Health Association, at its recent conven- tion at Rochester, N. Y., which were as follows: "Whereas, The widespread use of and traffic in patent medicines and secret nostrums constitutes a grave menace to the public health, and "Whereas, Such patent medicines and nostrums, be- cause of the deceptive advertising regularly em- ployed in promoting their sale, consistently oppose the influences seeking to educate the public to a better understanding of the nature, causes and proper treat- ment of disease, and "Whereas, The bulwark of this traffic is secrecy and mystery, "Be it resolved, That the American Public Health Association opposes the sale of patent medicines and nostrums whose constituents are unknown to the health authorities, and "Be it further resolved. That this association heart- ily indorses the ordinance of the New York City De- partment of Health requiring manufacturers of pro- prietary remedies, sold without a physician's prescrip- tion, to file with the department a state of their active constituents and therapeutic claims, and "Be it further resolved. That this association rec- ommend to other municipalities the adoption of this or similar measures for the proper safeguarding of the public health." This association also objected to the exemption of proprie- tary medicines under the Harrison law and recommended the repeal of section six of that law. Regulations for Registering "Patents" In New York City Regulations formulated by the Health Department of tlie City of New York under Section 117 of the Sanitary Code providing for the registration of patent and proprietary medi- cines have been adopted as follows: Regulation 1. All applications for a Certificate of Registra- tion shall be made upon official application blanks supplied by the Department of Health, and shall be signed by the applicant. The applicant shall, in each instance, furnish the following information : 1. Name of preparation. 2. Name of applicant (specifying whether manufacturer, proprietor, importer or distributor.) 3. Location of manufacturer. 4. Form in which preparation is marketed. 5. Therapeutic effects claimed for preparation. 6. Names in English (not quantities) of ingredients to which the therapeutic effects claimed are attributed, and the same in English (not quantities) of all other ingredients except such as are physiologically inactive. 7. Exact text of all advertising matter and every state- ment set forth upon or contained in package, box, bottle or container as sold, and of all advertising matter relating to the said preparation contained in any circular, leaflet, or book sold or distributed vrith or in connection with such preparation. Regulation 2. A sample of the preparation in the form in which it is to be sold or offered for sale in the City of New York, including the package, wrapper, label, box, bottle, con- tainer, and all advertising matter and statements shall be sub- mitted with the application. Subsequent changes in form or text of labels advertising matter, or statements shall be filed with the Department of Health and shall be approved before use. Regulation 3. When such application properly filled out and signed, together with the required sample of the prepara- tion, shall have been filed with the Department of Health and the approval thereof given by the Director of the Bureau of Food and Drugs and the Sanitary Superintendent, a Certificate of Registration shall be issued, specifying the name of the preparation, the name of the person registering such preparation, and the date. Every such Registration Certificate shall be numbered, which said number shall identify the par- ticular preparation so registered and shall thereafter be af- fixed to the package containing such preparation in the man- ner hereinafter prescribed by Regulation 5. Regulation 4. — No manufacturer, proprietor, distributor, im- porter or vender shall, in any advertisement or in any other manner, assert, imply, or indicate that the Certificate of Reg- istration issued by the Department of Health, passes upon the merits, or assumes, endorses, or accepts the claims to therapeutic action, of the proprietary or patent medicines, and no reference of any kind to the Department of Health shall be made in any advertisement, upon any label, package, box, bottle, or container in which such medicine is contained, or in any other manner whatsoever. Regulation 5. The following letters and figures shall be conspicuously and legibly set forth in English characters upon the outer label, wrapper, or cover of the package, box, bottle or container in which the medicine registered with the Department of Health is contained: "N. Y. C. R. No. " (the number appearing upon the registration certificate.) No other reference, of any kind, to the registration of said proprietary or patent medicine shall be made in any advertise- ment, upon any label, package, box, bottle, or container, or in any other manner whatsoever. Regulation 6. Where the place of business of any person, firm, or corporation filing an application under Section 117 of the Sanitary Code is elsewhere than in the City of New York, such applicant shall furnish, at the time of filing application with the Department of Health, the name of a person, firm or corporation, resident in or having a place of business in the City of New York as the agent or rep- resentative of such applicant. Any notice to or dealings with such agent or representative shall be as effective as if sent to or made with such applicant. Permit Employes to Attend Military Camp James Morrisson, of Fuller-Morrisson Corporation, Chicago, is quoted in the Herald of tliat city to the effect that his firm will permit two of its employes to attend the military camp of professional business men to be held at Fort Sheridan. III. Full time on salar>' and expenses will be allowed these men. William H. Wrigley, .Tr., will permit any man in his factories to attend the camp on full time and full pay. The camp will be somewhat similar to that held recently at Plaftsburg, JT. Y., and Chicago business men are taking a keen interest in its organization. October. 1915! THE I'lIARMACEUTICxiL ERA 431 Books Reviewed THE DISPENSER'S lOKMLLARV OK SOUA WATER GUIDE. A practical handbook of soda touiitaiu operators consisting ot 2,000 tested formulas for soda fountain products, with com- plete information on fountain service, fountain standards, ice cream standards and formulas, luncheonette service, including an appendix of manufacturers' formulas, together with descrip- tive information of their fountain apparatus, sundries and sup- plies. Compiled by the editorial staff of The Soda Fountain. Third edition. Revised and enlarged. 8 vo., 274 pages, cloth, $1.50. New York. D. O. Haynes & Co. The appearance of this book marks a distinct advance in the presentation of information relating to the operation of the soda fountain, in that all the formulas have been gathered to- gether into groups, based upon tlie official fountain nomen- clature as prepared by The Soda Fountain and perfected by the members of the Dispensers' Testing Club. This attempt to place fountain nomenclature upon a uniform basis is a step in the right direction, and tlie effort here made will do more to clarify the ambiguity of terms that have oept into the soda fountain field than could the work of a dozen "purists" working single handed. The compilers state that in the preparation of this new edition they have kept before them the triple ideal of simplicity, completeness and practica- bility, and the material presented shows clear perception of these desirable qualities. The completeness of this edition is shown by the table of contents, as follows: Introduction; fountain service; fountain nomenclature ; soda fountain formulas ; ice creams and water ices; Itmcheonette department; appendi.x, and complete index. The large number of formulas, including the famous "prize formulas" that have been contributed to The Soda Fountain during the past five years, and many special formulas contribu- ted directly by the dispensers interested, represent the latest information in fountain dispensing, while the departments on fotintain service, ice cream and water ices, and luncheonette are distinctly new, being specially written for the tise and promotion of these recent promising developments of the mod- em soda fountain. Every druggist and operator interested in the commercial success of his soda fountain should have a copy of this book. A COMPEND OF MEDICAL CHEMISTRY, inorganic and or- ganic, including urinary analysis. By Henry Leffmann, A. M., M. D., professor of chemistry in the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania and in the Wagner Free Institute of Science. *th edition— revised. 12 mo., 241 pages, cloth, $1. Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's Son & Co. The well-knou-n character of the various manuals included in the Blakiston "quiz-compend" series is maintained in the nvw edition of the book noted above. That there is a proper use to be made of these books as a help to instruction, is consistently argued by the author in the preface to this little work, and we agree with him to a certain extent that com- pends are "books that most professors and reviewers con- demn and nearly all students use." A concise presentation of the most important facts of any science is most desirable for the student preparing for examination, and it is no discredit to him if he uses a compend as a "help" to such an end. As a matter of common experience, the use of such a book does help the average student to mass his stock of knowledge on a Riven subject, a most important factor when the time element is considered. .\s presenting the most important facts per- taining to chemistry, this book will be found of service to all students of medicine and pharmacy. COLLECTED PAPERS FROM THE RESEARCH LABORATORY of Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit, Mich. Dr. E. M. Houghton, director. Reprints, Volume 3. 8 vo., 330 pages. The character of this volume is very clearly indicated by the above title, some of the more important papers of interest to pharmacists being the following: "U. S. P. Menstrua," by H. C. Hamilton; "The Sterilization of Adrenalin Solutions," by L. W. Rowe: "Disinfection — What Disinfectant is the most Generally Applicable for Clinical, Surgical and Sanitary Pur- poses?", by H. C. Hamilton; "Local Anesthetics — Some Com- parative Physiological Reactions." by Oliver E. Closson, and "The Pharmacy of Adrenalin," by C. P. Beckwith. PERSONAL EFFICIENCY, APPLIED SALESMANSHIP AND SALES ADMINISTRATION. By Irving R. Allen, president of the Irving R. Allen Co. 8 vo., 315 pages, leather. Published by the La Salle Extension University, 2550 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, 111. Mr. Allen, the author of this book, is an expert in sales or- ganization, having had wide experience in establishing and or- ganinzing sales departments and in training salesmen. The book is one of a series of works on business subjects, another work on "Business Psychology," being announced for early publication. The latter book is by Professor Hugo Munster- berg of Harvard University. Mr. Allen's book is a new treat- ment of the problems of personal efficiency and salesmanship. It tells the man not only how to sell merchandise, or whatever he has to sell, but also how to sell himself; that is, how to make his employers fully realize his value to their business. Its style is not that of tlie hundreds of other books which have appeared on salesmanship and kindred subjects, but it is written in an entertaining, breezy way, and it entertains while it instructs and educates the reader. REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION for the year ended June 30, 1914. 8 vo. cloth. Vol. 1., 810 pages; \'ol. II., 565 pages. Washington, Government Printing Office. These annual reports are always interesting, especially to the citizen who has followed or is following the work of the various educational agencies throughout the country. The first or \'olume I. contains a brief interpretative review of the progress of education in the United States within the year, and a still briefer report of the most important phases of progress in education in foreign countries. One cannot peruse the several chapters without becoming very much alive to the fact that the tendency toward democracy in education for the service of democratic, political, civic, social and industrial life continues unabated, a fact that is emphasized by the desire that the best possible education for all the children of all the people is growing more or less rapidly in all countries of the world. Volume 2 is devoted largely to statistics which represent some very interesting facts. Thus, in his survey of the re- turns of actual existing conditions, and assuming that the percentage of enrollment, average attendance and length of school term computed for 1913 may continue for 13 years (the period of school life 5 to 18), the commissioner concludes that tlie average amount of schooling for each individual in the public schools would be 1093 days, or 5.47 years. About 39 per cent of the 560,397 students in the high school in 1913 may be expected to graduate in 1916, approximately 218,555. The number of professional schools reporting for tlie year was 542, as compared with 556 the preceding year. There was a loss of three schools of theology, two law schools, eight schools of medicine and three schools of pharmacy. In the latter were enrolled 5,930 students, a decrease of 235 from the number reported for the preceding year. The graduates of schools of pharmacy in 1914 numbered 2,290, of whom 91 were students having collegiate degrees. In 1913 there were 1,813 graduates, 52 of whom held collegiate degrees. In the list, and report- ing for the first time, we note the name of the University of Porto Rico, College of Pharmacy, which opened at San Juan in 1913, 17 men and seven women taking the various courses. GLYCERIN, ITS PRODUCTION, USES AND EXAMINATION. For chemists, perfumers, soapmakers, pharmacists and explo- sives technologists. By S. W. Koppe. Translated from the German second edition by William H. Simmons, B. Sc. (Lond.), F. C. S. 12 mo., 250 pages, cloth, $3. London, Scott, Greenwood & Son. New York, D. Van Nostrand Co., American agents. The progress of the great European war has emphasized the importance of glycerin in numerous branches of chemical technology. Glycerin furnishes not only the raw material for the production of nitro-glycerin, but its uses in increasing quantities each year by the soapm.-ikor and perfumer, the chemist and druggist, the dyer, and many others in various fields of manufacturing makes the appearance of this volume most timely. In the preparation of the book a vast amount of material has been assembled and here "boiled down" to such an extent thnt one is quite safe in saying that practically all of the available information on the cheminl prnprrtie.s, production and uses of glycerin is to be found in this hook! Not the least interesting are the several chapters on nitro- glycerin, dynamite and other explosives in the manufacture of which glycerin is employed. 432 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [October, 1915 ANNUAL REPRINTS OF THE REPORTS of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Associa- tion for 1914 with the Comments that have appeared in the Journal. 143 pages, cloth, 50 cents. Chicago. American Medical Association. The investigations reported in this volume furnish interest- ing reading, relating as they do to a considerable number of extensively advertised proprietaries on the market and for which many extravagant claims are made by the manufacturers. Under the heading "Abstracts of Council Action" is presented a brief outline of the reasons which led to a rejection of articles by the Council. CAROLINA JOURNAL OF PHARMACY The above title is that of a new journal, published quarterly by the William Simpson Pharmaceutical Society of the Uni- versity of North Carolina School of Pharmacy at Chapel Hill, the initial copy of which has reached the editor's desk. The purpose of the organization, which is composed of members from the pharmacy school, is to promote the science of phar- macy, and as a medium letting the pharmaceutical world know about the result of this most desirable undertaking, the Society is to be congratulated on the material presented in its first number. A full page portrait of the late William Simpson, president of the American Pharmaceutical Association in 1894, a pioneer druggist and teacher of North Carolina, and whose name the society has taken, appears as a frontispiece. Prof. J. G. Beard is editor-in-chief. A NEW FORD ENGINE CHART This chart, prepared by Victor W. Page, printed on heavy bond paper, shows clear sectional views depicting all portions of the Ford power plant and auxilary groups, particularly all parts of the engine, fuel supply system, ignition group and cooling system that are apt to give trouble to users of the Ford automobile by detailing all derangements that are liable to make an engine lose power, start hard or work irregularly. The chart is 25x38 inches in size, and is published at 25 cents by the Norman W. Henly Publishing Co., 132 Nassau St., New York. VAN SCHAACK & SONS PRICE CURRENT This volume, the annual catalogue of Peter Van Schaack & Sons, one of the oldest wholesale and jobbing houses in Chicago, marks the 45th consecutive year of publication. Like its prede- cessors, it shows evidence of careful compilation, practically all lines of the multiplicity of items which are carried in stock by leading retail druggists being listed, the classification of the different departments and kinds of goods being indicated at the top of each page, making reference thereto easily accom- plished. As prefatory to the "prices current" proper, some in- teresting "facts on Chicago" are set forth, and the druggist On reading them cannot help but come to the conclusion that the "Windy City" offers many facilities as a commercial cen- ter, and especially for drugs, a field in which the publishers of the catalogue have been active for many years. THE SYNTLEUR HERALD We have received a copy of the bulletin issued by the Syn- flcur Scientific Laboratories, Monticello, N. Y., "published for the benefit of manufacturers who believe in scientific progress," and "edited personally by Alois Von Isakovics." Those who know Mr. Isakovics need not be told that the "Herald" relates to essential oik, ii'rfumf-s nnd flavoring materials, and in this issue of that i i' ipiiears a reprint of tlic chapter written by hi: Manual of Industrial riicniistry," the second c of uniform application. 5. Coniiii M secure a change in the classification of retail di lil liquor dealers. 6. AuthcM I i; \ luiivc committee to adopt the indemnity liability insurance plan outlined. 7. Endorse the activities of the American Fair Trade Leagu in favor of price regulation. 8. Go on record as favoring any movement opposing the dia Iribution of trading stamps, coupons and the like. "Considerable progress has been made during the year in th way of focusing attention upon the possibility of establishin a workable and legal system of price-maintenance," he saic "The need for securing regulation of a satisfactory characte along this line looms larger every year. The Stevens bill seen: to promise the protection to which we feel ourselves entitlec While the bill failed of passage in Congress I feel, nevertheles that the sentiment aroused in favor of honest business compet tion as opposed to cut rate deception will continue to sprea< and be of much assistance in any future effort along simil; lines." Poison Label for Wood Alcohol Urged A discussion of the danger attached to the promiscuous ^_ of wood alcohol, of the anti-narcotic law and the trading stamp evil were the principal features in the report of the ecutive committee. The report urged the National Association of Retail Dnij gists go on record by resolution favoring the placing by ever wholesale and retail druggist on every conuiner of wood cohol in his possession or sold by him, a proper poison lab and warning, bearing a prominent skull and cross bones an an inscription: "Warning— It is unlawful to use this fluid in any artic of food, beverage or medicinal or toilet preparation for huma use mternally or externally." Laws regulating the sale of narcotics were passed, accord^ to the report, in Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Massachusett Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey Ne York, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont ' Other laws relative to the practice of medicine and pharmad false advertising, and trading stamps were reported 'Trading stamps," the report reads, "is a most pemicioii attempt to rob the legitimate dealer of his just reward for a istence. A powerful force is endeavoring to graft this ulcerot proposition onto the legitimate and healthy retailer, who has t work and ingenuity, escaped the annihilation of centralizatic ot povver which the existant pirates of trade, backed by trul and big interest schemers hope ultimately to force upon thei Coupon and profit sharing schemes will, and must, be eliminate by Congress if legitimate business is to thrive. This is part the program for your executive conunittee for the ensuing year Other topics discussed were price maintenance, revenue SostaTZ".? ^^P^^.*"^^"^' P^^t^nt law reform, one cent lett postage and the proprietary stamp tax Consumer Ought to Pay Bevenue Tax ih. a standardization of prices continued support the Stevens bill was urged. »"ffoii "Retailers of every trade and profession must of course strong interest m the enactment of this bill to carry it past strong opposition that has developed," reads the report It was recommended that revenue taxes be paid by the cq sumer rather than by the retail druggist, as is the custom present. "It must not be overlooked that other trades and professio have been exempted from this burden of taxation in a larger degree than the retail druggists," the report states. "Since the producer is a consumer and the consumer is producer there can, therefore, be no exemption of favoriti:- if the revenue tax is laid upon the final and last resting place The report points out that publicity is a most effecir weapon in securing patent law reform. "More of this desimb publicity can be secured if a more universal effort by o thoughtless members obtains," is one pointed quotation from t report. Regarding the proprietary stamp tax the report urges th while no opposition be offered an effort should be made make the tax effective on other things than medicines, and th the retail druggists should have the same privilege as the rai roads, that of passing the burden to the consumer and the pn ducer where it is equably distributed. Also that the tax I extended to take in all branches of the retailing industry. "Medicine for the poor man's sick room deserves more coi sideration than golf balls and sticks for the links' devotee the report suggests. The report of Jacob H. Rehfuss, cliairman of the legislath October, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 437 committee, had this to say on the matter of affiliating with the 'Chamber of Commerce of the United States: "Your legislative committee concerns itself in the resolutions of these associations (N. V. S. P. A. and other state pharma- ■ceutical organizations) solely on account of their relation to the Stevens bill, feeling that, if tlie personnel of this committee of the Chamber of Commerce w-as being changed for the deliberate purpose of bringing in an unfavorable report on price-main- tenance, its effect would be very harmful. A careful investiga- • tion of the subject leads us to venture tlie opinion tliat such a change has not yet been carried out, and possibly is not now I contemplated. Nevertheless, tlie fact remains that all the new members recently appointed to the committee are known an- tagonists to our cause, but are not as yet in a majority. It must be remembered, however, that even though this committee does bring in a favorable report, there is no assurance that a referendum vote of the chamber will be favorable. The mem- bers of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States through- out the country who would vote on such a referendum, are largely manufacturers, department store heads, and representa- tives of large interests who, as a rule, dominate commerce in their respective communities and have little in common with the small retail merchant. They naturally regard their own interests first, and the little retailer second, if at all." That the N'. A. R. D. carefully consider the question of its affiliation with the Chamber of Commerce and clearly express its policy regarding affiliations between itself and other organi- zations of national character was one of the recommendations made by Mr. Rehfuss' committee. Among other things the committee also recommended that the association endorse the Stevens bill, declare its opposition to the trading stamp and coupon evil, enter a vigorous pro- test against the taxation of proprietary and patent medicines, and employ all honorable means to oppose it; request more frequent revised editions of Harrison law rules and regulations, bring suit to test legality of T. D. 2213, covering matter of exemption of prescriptions under the Harrison law, reaffirm its belief in the necessity for a revision of the patent and trade- mark 'aws in so far as they concern synthetic drugs and chemi- cals, and endorse the Paige bill; etc. Propaganda Committee's Report The principal recommendation of the propaganda committee, made by Chairman J. H. Webster, urged that "every com- pounder and dispenser of medicine which is intended for the cure or relief of human ailments be a regularly licensed and registered pharmacist without exception." The lawfully registered pharmacist, licensed by the state, is not protected by the state, according to the report. "Many persons, not trained in the art of pharmacy, are al- lowed to compound medicines without let or hindrance," reads the report, which adds that the condition is due "to class legis- lation, pure and simple," and that "it is time the state was compelled to distinguish between a registered pharmacist and other persons in so far as pharmacal work is concerned." The committee reported itself greatly handicapped by the sale of so-called "medicines" by medicine peddlers and again blamed existing laws for the condition. It stated: "It is a serious menace to the health of our people for these peddlers are usurping the functions of both the pharmacist and the physician, without the state license of either. We would recommend that the state legislatures be advised of the fact that while peddling medicine in itself may be a harmless money-making amusement, even though licensed, it is proving a boomerang of the most dangerous sort to the very people who expect to be benefitted by the medicines they buy from these itinerant vendors." Here the report criticises the druggists, complaining that the success of the vendors is possible because the committee is handicapped by the apathy of the druggists themselves. "Yet," it continues, "this is almost entirely due to the fact that the druggist is so greatly handicapped by protected and legalized quackery that he is looking for organized relief." "Chain Stores" Bitterly Attacked A bitter attack on the "chain store system" featured one of the principal addresses of the convention, given by Edward C. Berriman. Chicago, who told the delegates they would have to fight harder than they ever had fought before to prohibit such institutions. "Go to your congressman, see your senators and representa- tives and ask them to help you in this fight to keep the public of the United States from falling into the hands of a few in- dividuals who are preparing to establish a line of coupon stores tliroughout the country tliat will practically put the small drug- gist out of business," he said. "These drug stores will be owned by the same people who control a similar line of cigar stores and the coupons given in one store may be redeemed witli premiums given at the other." jNIr. Berriman said that Marshall Field & Company, Chicago, had recently issued a letter stating it would refuse to sell anj store giving coupons or trade certificates. Senator Moses Clapp, of Minnesota, addressed the delegates, telling them what he thought should govern them in their re- quests for legislation. "You should consider," the senator said, "whether that bill benefits the greatest number of people of this country or por- tions of the minority. Because most of your measures have appeared to be as benefitting the majority and because that is the way I analyze all such legislation, I have happily been in accord with the views on such things of your association. I shall always be glad to do anything to help the majority and at the same time will benefit the N. A. R. D." The "Old Guard" Organizes The Old Guard of the N. A. R. D. was royally entertained by Thomas Voegeli at a banquet given by him at the magnifi- cent new Athletic Club on the evening of September 2. The Athletic Club is a sky scraper building only opened in August. The entire building is given up to the use of the members and it was here that Mi. Voegeli invited his friends. After feasting in a sumptuous manner, reminiscences were exchanged for nearly two hours, and the host made a speech that will long live in the hearts of his hearers, both because of its eloquence and also because it revealed in this comrade one who had never lost his love for his companions nor the association he helped to organize, even although circumstances had later made it advisable for him to withdraw from active membership. Those present upon this memorable occasion were WiUieto Bodemann, Col. John W. Lowe, Edward Williams, Charles Mann, Charles Rehfuss, Simon N. Jones, Charles Huhn, Dr. Wm. C. Anderson, Theodore F. Hagenow, Secretary Thomas Potts, and the host, Thomas Voegeli. It was enthusiastically voted to organize the "Old Guard" into a permanent association, with Mr. Voegeli as president, and Dr. Anderson as secretary, the main purpose of the asso- ciation to meet annually for good fellowship during the lives of the members. SCHOLARSHIPS FOR WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Editor The Pharmaceuticai, Era: In a recent issue of your paper I note a mention of the Fairchild Scholarship and a list of pharmacy schools having such scholarships. A few months ago a Miss Margaret Denny left a will giving to the University of Washington a sum of money as an en- dowment for several scholarships. In the list she mentioned that one should be for the College of Pharmacy. The money is not yet available as the estate is being settled by adminis- trator, but it is expected to be ready by the beginning of an- other school year. The amount set aside is expected to net approximately $500 per year for each scholarship established. This will give this college of pharmacy one of the leading scholarships of the various schools. Miss Denny was never connected with pharmacy, but her father was instrumental in getting the university started in about 1860. The family has always been very close to the- university and various members have at other times made be- quests. Thinking this information may interest your readers, I remain, C. W. Johnson, Dean, College of Pharmacy. Seattle, Sept. 4. A Special on G-old Fish A pair of live gold fish and 36-ouncc globe aquarium with moss and pebbles were recently given free with each purchase of a choice of six articles at 25c by the Scholtz Drug Company, of Denver, Colo. It is claimed that 1,800 globes were distributed in two days. The company did not make any direct profit on the deal; but as the globes carried the firm's name blown in the glass it is likely that the advertising thus obtained will' prove to be a good investment. 438 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [October, 1915 This picture was taken in front of the Elks' Club in Minneapolis c Women's Organization of the N. A. R BY EMMA GARY WALLACE THE tenth annual convention of the W. O. N. A. R. D. was held in one of the beautiful assembly rooms of the Hotel Radisson, Minneapolis, Minnesota, August 31, with Mrs. F. E. McBride in the chair, and Mrs. Nellie Flor- •ence Lee acting as secretary. There was a large attendance of ladies at the opening session and the entire convention was remarkable in that there seemed no disposition on the part of the delegates to wander during the meeting times in the direction of the numerous attractions of the city. The invocation was offered by the Rev. T. W. Stout, and his prayer for harmony and the best results of the conferences about to take place was more than answered. An address of welcome was made by Mrs. Harry Loes, of the Minneapolis Ladies' Drug Club. She bade the delegates welcome in a most charming manner and extended to them the hospitality ■of the city. Mrs. McBride responded in her usual graceful manner. The president's annual address followed. "Did it ever occur to you, Sister, that your lack of interest in the business problems that confront your husband, mi^t be the reason why he does not want to stay at home, and goes back to the store to have some one to talk them over ■with? "Our W. O. has many problems to meet. In its ten years of life, we must expect changes and the need of re-adjustment. To meet these changes the W. O. must feel that it is only a part of tlie whole great Woman Movement, that will mean so much in the future. "Men's lives are so full of the anxiety that comes from the competition of the age, that they do not have time to consider questions that are arising continually, so the time has come that women are looked up to as the ones who must guide the ship along the waters that are engulfing their sisters. "Women are handling many questions now, that in the past would not have been a possibility. Our BULLETIN is surely something to be proud of, in what a woman can accomplish. What a tie it has been to bind the W. O. mem- ters together. Long live THE BULLETIN! "I had hoped we would have had a candidate for our scholarship this year as we stand ready to help some one who needs help. "We have the educational feature of the W. O. to consider. No better suggestion could have been given than the one Mrs. Wallace gave, that the chapters or isolated members should write to the president suggesting what they would consider the best work for the W. O. to do. Surely, friends, if you have the W. O.'s interest at heart, you have given thought to this ■subject. Now help in this way another year, won't you, please ? "I feel, as I have said before, no set programs will fit every place. Local conditions must make the program, but I still insist you lose the benefit of the organization if you omit the Tcnowledge you should have of drug conditions. "Perhaps you ask, 'What are the advantages of belonging to the W. O.?' Let me tell you just one instance of my own home chapter. A little woman came to our city and joined our chapter. She said, 'I think I would have died ii I had not found this chapter, I was so lonely.' "Now, Sister, does it not pay to help the 'other fellow'? Your life may be full, but think how many lives are empty, and I know it will make a glow around your heart to feel you helped some one else. "I hope to see a new interest the coming year and added efforts for new members. I also hope that each one may feel an individual responsibility for the success of the W. O. and may we all accept this beautiful little creed, and endeavor to live its sentiments: " 'Keep us, O God, from pettiness, let us be large in thought, in word, in deed. Let us be done with fault-finding and leave off self- seeking. May we all put away all pretense and meet each other face to face, without self-pity and without prejudice. May we never be hasty in judgment and always gener- ous. Teach us to put into action our better impulses, straight- forward and unafraid. Let us take time for all things; make us grow calm, serene, gentle. Grant that we may realize it is the little things that create differences; that in the big things of life we are as one. And may we strive to touch and to know the great com- mon woman's heart of us all, and O Lord God, let us not forget to be kind.' " This address was followed by the annual report of the secre- tary, Mrs. Nellie Florence Lee, who told of friendly greetings sent to large numbers of State association meetings and phar- maceutical gatherings of all kinds and her announcement that a large per centage of these had been graciously acknowledged was greeted with a round of applause. The secretary de-" clared that the organization was now well represented in no less than thirty-five states, and that in spite of the business depression of the past year, there had been well sustained interest and healthy growth. Two of tlie members, both from the Philadelphia chapter, had been called by death, and a short memorial service was introduced at this point. The amounts contributed by the various chapters for the Red Cross Relief work were given and it was noteworthy that the smallest and youngest chapters had been among the most generous. THE BULLETIN was reported as a great success for it had not only ser\'ed to keep the members thoroughly in touch with each other, but had carried with it monthly messages of cheer and inspiration. Special thanks were expressed to the firms which had carried advertising in THE BITLLETIN. This little montlily publication of such value to druggist women folk has come within $153 of being self-supporting during the past year. Owing to ill health, Mrs. Anna J. Greenland, treasurer, was not able to be present, but the report sent by her showed the organization to be in a sound financial condition. The following chairmen of convention committees were ap- DCTOBER, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 439- e convention of the Women's organisation of the N. A. R. D. jds a Very Successful Gathering ij pointed; Finance, Mrs. S. A. Eckstein, Milwaukee, Wis.; ' Xominations, Miss Clara Hulskamp, Louisville, Ky. ; Creden- -tials, Mrs. George H. Keston, Milwaukee, Wis.; Resolutions, Mrs. Leslie O. Wallace, Auburn, N. Y. 7 ^ A most delightful luncheon was given to the visiting ladies at the Elks' Club by the Minneapolis ladies. The sight was a • beautiful one as the several hundred ladies assembled about • the yellow and white flower-decked tables to partake of the , good things prepared for them. IMiss Evelyn Williams, of Min- . neapolis, who is proprietor of a store of her own, was toast mistress. The following women were among those who re- sponded to toasts: Mrs. F. E. McBride, "Storage Batteries"; Mrs. W. E. Lee. "The W. O. X. A. R. D."; Mrs. Leslie O. Wallace, "The Interest That Lies Next." } The annual ball given in the ball room of the Hotel Radis- son was a brilliant success. One of the most pleasing fea- tures of the evening was a series of fancy dances given by ^Leyden White, Jr., of Washington, D. C. Thirteen-year-old Master White, attired in Scottish kilts and tartans, showed an [ amazing mastery of intricate fancy steps and folk lore dancing, i Some of the observers recalled that some ten years previously Master Leyden made his first debut in public in Boston, standing on a small platform in a little white Russian blouse suit, waving a United States flag and calling out lustily in 'his baby voice, "Three cheers for the N. A. R. D." ' Wednesday morning found the room well filled and ready to , hear the splendid reports of the different chapters of the .(Organization. The compass of activities recounted in these : reports was simply amazing, and showed a great versatility on ' the part of the members. It was also evident that every com- ■munity where there was a live chapter, had, of necessity, rbeen deeply impressed with the work done. As almost every ^ local body is federated with the State Federation of Women's 'Clubs, these women had been able to bring to their sister club ' women a vision of the work tliey themselves were trying to do 'and much information had been disseminated concerning pure ; foods and drugs, the evils of price cutting, fake beauty prep- I arations, the harmfulness of infant narcotics, and the need of ; shorter hours and Sunday rest for the pharmacist and his I family. The following will give a glimpse of a few of the 'ictivities undertaken in different places. A series of health talks and preventive measures to chapter ^ members and their friends by an authority on the subject; the furnishing and supporting of a room in a hospital for »;hildren; the purchase and filling of several dozen substantial •pairs of stockings with Christmas toys and goodies; Christ- , mas parties for children; fairs, Easter sales, bazars, picnics, itc; socials, dancing parties, and stereopticon talks on sub- jects of interest; discussions concerning drug legislation; let- jters and telegrams sent to Congressmen and Senators urging ; :ertain lines of action ; protests to publishers and advertisers , Jsirg undraped female form for publicity purposes; philan- , '-hropic work of many kinds such as furnishing food and doth- |ing for needy families, aiding in civic and local betterment I -vork, and contributions to worthy purposes; flowers and let- 'irs sent to the sick and sorrowing; medicines furnished needy I sufferers, etc., etc. Louisville chapter even aspires in the near i future to own its own club house. : Mrs. John C. Otis, of Cincinnati, reported the accounts as having been carefully audited and found correct. It was here remarked by some of the members that the accounts of Mrs. Greenland had always been singularly correct, during her four years in office, there not having been the variation of one penny in the funds under her care. The special department of service of the publicity com- mittee under the leadership of Mrs. John W. Lowe had been to bring the organization and its work before the State auxil- iaries and other interested bodies to know that they might co-operate with the W. O. N. A. R. D. The committee on fraternal relations under Mrs. Miles H. Shimer, of Philadelphia, had sent out greetings to individuals and to associations, keeping the organization in friendly touch with the drug interests throughout the United States. Mrs. Leslie O. Wallace, of Auburn, N. Y., reported for the committee on education. From time to time letters from members of this committee had appeared in THE BULLETIN and the chairman had offered to act as an exchange bureau for valuable papers available for different chapters. It was urged that each chapter endeavor to have a hearing at the State Federation meeting upon its own particular interests; and that experimental work be done by druggists' wives and families in raising medicinal plants and herbs of a non-poison- ous nature. Mrs. W. E. Lee, of Philadelphia, was chairman of the committee on constitution and by-laws. This committee is composed of chapter presidents. A most important consti- tutional amendment was recommended and this was later adopted by the convention. This amendment considerably broadens the scope of the organization. It was a change which seemed to be demanded by conditions extant in many places. The change reads as follows: Any member who has at one time been elected to mem- bership in a chapter, and who continues a member in good standing, shall be eligible to act as a delegate to the National Convention of the W. O. N. A. R. D. No one shall be eligible to a national office in the W. O. N. A. R. D. w^ho does not come under Article 3, Section 4. Article 3, Section 4, shall be amended to read as follows: Each officer of the W. O. N. A. R. D. must be person- ally engaged in the retail drug business, or a woman graduate of a recognized College of Pharmacy, or a regis- tered pharmacist, or an immediate member of the family of a retail druggist actually engaged in the said business, or the widow of a druggist who was engaged in the busi- ness at the time of her joining the organization. The chapter constitutions must be approved by the national and their own local membership of a nature approved by it. Previous to this time no one could serve as a delegate who came under the head of associate membership in the chapter. This obstacle is now removed and some of the allied interests are thus given full privileges of membership, office holding excepted. Among the important resolutions adopted by the convention was one re-affirming all previous resolutions and especially emphasizing tho.se relating to shorter hours, Sunday rest, sug- gestive medical advertising, the distribution of free samples, and infant narcotics; a resolution of sympathy to Mrs. Otto C. Greenland and sons, retiring treasurer, upon the death of 440 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [October, 1915 her husband, so long prominent in organization and drug circles. This resolution is to be printed in THE BULLETIN and sent to the bereaved family ; one of tlianks to the advertisers who had made THE BULLETIN possible and to friends who had by their entertainment and generosity helped make the conven- tion a success; a resolution reducing the national dues from $1 per annum per capita to 7Sc; one of thanks to Mrs. W. E. Lee, editor of THE BULLETIN, for her efficient service; one of sympathy to the W. O. members in Texas recently afflicted by flood and loss from the elements; that the $10 gold prize award in future be restricted to the states having W. O. chapters or members; that the traveling scholarship be made available to any worthy woman student recommended by two W. O. members and favorably passed upon by the executive board; that the $10 gold prize be awarded to Miss E. Grace Hoffman, of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, who had just completed with high honor and standings a four-year course of study. The following officers were elected unanimously for the en- suing year: President, Mrs. F. E. McBride, Youngstown, O.: First Vice-President, Miss Clara Hulskamp, Louisville, Ky. ; Second Vice-President, Mrs. J. H. Riemenschneider, Chicago; Third Vice-President, Mrs. A. W. Pauley, St. Louis: Fourth Vice-President, Miss Nora V. Brendle, Wilmington, Del.: Fifth Vice-President, Mrs. R. G. Rutherford, Brooklyn; Sec- retary, Mrs. W. E. Lee, Philadelphia; Treasurer, Mrs. John C. Otis, Cincinnati, O. ; Board of Directors, Mrs. J. F. Water- house, of Boston, chairman ; Mrs. Leslie O. Wallace, Auburn, N. Y. ; Mrs Louis Emanuel, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Mrs. Chris Koerner, Milwaukee, Wis. ; Mrs. John T. Roe, Mobile, Ala. ; Mrs. H. E. Howe, Rock Island, 111.; and Mrs. Robert A. Clarkson, Springfield, 111. A most deiightul automobile tour of the Twin Cities followed the final session. The destination of the pleasure seekers was Minnehaha Park, where a Western barbecue was served. The ladies of St. Paul gave a delightful card party in the parlors of the Radisson Thursday evening and among the winners were Mrs. Thomas Potts, Miss Clara Hulskamp, Mrs. Moulten, of St. Paul, and Mrs. S. A. Eckstein. The next morning the same ladies took a large number of visitors to a sanitary pure food plant between Minneapolis and St. Paul, where the marvels of food prepared by wholesale were made evident. The surroundings are the last word in sanitary science. Each big oven takes care of sixty barrels of flour a day, and from start to finish everything is as nearly perfect as brains and machinery can make it. A ride later in the afternoon which took in the University of Minnesota Col- lege of Pharmacy and its famous medicinal plant garden, fin- ished the various pleasures, for already delegates were reluc- tantly hurrying trainward, laden with suitcases. Convention Notes BY EMMA GARY WALLACE Among the most interesting women present was Dr. Ogden of Rochester, Minn. Dr. Ogden is both a graduate of medi- cine and of pharmacy. She is seventy-four years old, spent some years in India as a medical missionary, and has de- voted her life to the betterment of her sex and her chosen lines of calling. She is a cousin of the late Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. Little Miss Iva Dene, five-year-old daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Brumstrom, of Molinc, 111., wa?; a jzrcnt favorite among the convention delegates. Tlio littlr Inly wore upon her head a strange but neatly-fitiini,' .'^trapiM d skull cap of what appeared to be flcsh-colorcd vulrani/rd mi l" r. It will be recalled that some weeks since the little qiil was return- ing from school when slic was suddenly stunk l.y a steam engine, fraetuiiii" lier skull. She was i>ieknl u]< for dead, and it was < i,, automobile speed .iml niediral skill that the . marvclously surressful. The little girl seems i; i iv to recover entirely, for she is quite herself again, sa\, hn the cap she is obliged to wear as a protection. Our Minneapolis friends have long been telling us of the attractions of their city, but the visitors were all agreed that great as had been the promises, the half had not been told. It is a city of lakes, flowers, business, and ho-spitality. Think of being able to ride thirty or forty miles straight ahead without going out of the city limits ! The city owns the paving plant, the lighting system, and most of the other utili- ties, with the result -that the tax payers get actual value re- ceived. It took considerable explanation to satisfy some of the ladies to whom Thomas Voegeli had promised the gift of a lake in years gone by. The lakes were there, but the genial Minneapolitan pleaded he was no longer at the head of the Park Board, and so the making of the gift was now out of his jurisdiction. Among the hospitable people to welcome old friends and ac- quaintances with smiling faces and high powered cars were Thomas Voegeli and Charles Huhn. They did the honors every minute of the time, even to transporting their guests back to the station for the return trip. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Voegeli entertained ^Irs. Thomas Potts, Mrs. F. E. McBride, Mrs. W. E. Lee, and Mrs. Leslie O. Wallace at a delightful luncheon at the New Athletic Club, afterwards taking them for a ride around the lakes within the city. The many friends of Mrs. A. W. Pauley were delighted to know that a beautiful baby boy came to live at their home August 13, 1915. There was the sound of murmurings of discontent on the part of the women folk of the legitimate drug trade because so many pretty girls, and those who did not answer this de- scription as well, were seen constantly coming down in the elevator from the Drug Exhibition on the twelfth floor, laden to the chin with samples and gifts of valuable goods, while their own trophies were few. In fact, some of them did not get a single souvenir and it has been suggested that another year some effective steps be taken to prevent outsiders from gathering in what does not belong to them. By this means the goods do not fall into the hands of those who are in- terested to buy. A somewhat remarkable resemblance between Simon Jones of Kentucky and J. F. Waterhouse of Boston was noted by several. Both gentlemen are held in the highest regard by all their friends, so neither has any complaint. Joseph Helfman of Parke, Davis & Co., was one of the merry makers at the Western barbecue, and not a few re- called the real, sure-enough, down-South barbecue enjoyed at Atlanta some years ago. A number of the conventionites were on their way home from the San Francisco .\merican Pharmaceutical Association meeting. Among them were Dr. and Mrs. Wm. C. Anderson, without whom no convention would be complete. The officers of the .\merican Druggists' Fire Insurance Company were receiving congratulations because their stock had held its own firmly through the financial depression. Rumor has it that the next convention will be in New York. Good! Mrs. Ottd r. Greenland, retiring treasurer of the W. O. N. A. R. D., was sent a letter of regret signed by a larse number of the old nieinhcrs of the association and a very charming gift from the as.sociation at large. This consisted of a beautiful bar pin of sapphires and pearls, and was sent with tlie love and best wishes of her associates. Glass Fixtures Make Cumberland Store Attractive Glass counters and glass fixtures are the feature of the new ihuii store recently opened by Kimes Bros., at 55 Baltimore street. Cumberland, !Md. All the floor cases, the wall cases and the fixtures of the soda fountain are mad.- of glass, giving the store a clean and light appearance. Indirect lighting and harmonious wall decorations add to the general pleasing effect. The Kimes Bros, have been in the drug store busi- ness in Cumberland for ten years, and have twice had to enlarge their store to accommodate tlic increasing trade. October, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 441 Faculty Conference Takes Important Action Many Recommendations Affecting College Work also Made at Convention Which Was Recently Held with A.Ph.A in San Francisco. Dean F. J. WuHing, of the University of Minnesota, called to order the sixteenth annual meeting of the American Con- ference of Pharmaceutical Faculties, held at San Francisco, be- ginning August 6. The address of President Wulling was re- ferred to two committees, tliese bodies presenting resolutions, which, in that they were adopted, provided for the following action: . The appointment of a standing committee on higher edu- cational standard, to work jointly with similar A.Ph.A., X.A.P.B., N.A.R.D. and state association committees; the ap- pointment of a special committee on the federation of all phar- maceutical organizations, and tlie appointment of a committee of three to consider the establishment of a secondary class of membership in the conference. That the chairman of the executive committee be paid his traveling expenses, including the expense of attending the meet- ing of the conference, he to be considered the official to carry out the suggestions in the president's address. That the time has come for greater publicity in the work of the conference and that the attention of the secretary be called to the president's suggestion to this effect. That a special committee report next year on the suggestion that the organization become an Association of Colleges and Faculties of Pharmacy. That the members be apprized of the possibility of a Car- negie investigation, and that the secretary call the attention of the schools to the prospect. Recommending the Sabbatical year, and that the statistics on secondary education now in the hands of the chairman of the executive committee be tabulated. That the executive committee investigate the conditions of the Carnegie retirement allowances, and ascertain if the mem- bers can be included. Recommending the exchange of professors among the schools of pharmacy. That a committee of three be appointed on the classification of teaching, staffs, etc. .\ number of recommendations made by Dr. H. H. Rusby, Dean, Xew York College of Pharmacy, at Detroit last year, were adopted, the last clause of paragraph "e" being amended so that an increase of salary goes with every promotion in rank, without having to wait a year for such increase. Many Recommendations Made The recommendations follow: 1. That it is neither practical nor desirable to advise that the conference make any schedule of salaries, either minimum or maximum, at the present time. 2. That the dean should receive a salary for that office aside from and in addition to what he may receive for his teaching position. 3. Ca) That the salary of an associate professor shall be two-thirds that of a professor. (b) That the salary of an assistant professor shall be four- fifths that of an associate professor. (c) That the salary of an instructor shall be three-fourths that of an assistant professor. (d) That the salary of an assistant shall be half that of an instructor. (e) That each of these salaries be fixed on an advancing scale, from a minimum to a miximum, and that the minimum for one grade be equal to the maximum of the grade next lower, three years being required for the maximum to be at- tained ; and that the salary should pertain to the position, and not the man. Dean H. M. Whelpley, of St. Louis, as chairman of a special committee, reported adversely upon the proposition of extending the regular two years' pharmacy course to three years in 1920. The Conference adopted recommendations to the effect that the organization meet hereafter immediately preceding the Ph.,\. convention, and that the minimum requirement for cree of Doctor of Pharmacy shall be at least a four years' college-of-pharmacy course, following 60 counts of secondary work. It was also resolved to ask the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy to rescind its decision not to meet in advance of the A.Ph.A. meeting. Professor Arny Elected President Professor H. V. Arny, New York, was elected president. The other officers are: Vice-president, Professor R. A. Lyman, Lincoln, Neb.; sec- retary and treasurer. Professor Wilbur J. Teeters, Iowa City; chairman executive committee, J. A. Koch, Pittsburg; execu- tive committee, F. J. Wulling, Minneapolis, and Professor C. E. Caspari, St. Louis; syllabus committee. Professor T. J. Bradley, Boston. At a joint session of tlie above organization and the Na- tional Association of Boards of Pharmacy, Dr. Wm. C. Ander- son, for a joint committee, presented a list of 5,000 sample examination questions. Copies will be mimeographed and dis- tributed to the different faculties and boards. They will not be published. Prerequisite Requirements Endorsed By Boards After 1920 a High School Education or Its Equiva- lent and Graduation from Recognized College the Proposed Standard for Registration. J. C. Burton, Oklahoma, was elected president of the Na- tional Association of Boards of Pharmacy, at its twelfth an- nual meeting, held at San Francisco, beginning August 5. The other officers are: First vice-president, J. W. Gayle, Kentucky; second vice- president, W. F. Root, Vermont; third vice-president, John A. Weeks; secretary and chairman advisory committee, H. C. Christensen, Illinois; treasurer, F. W. Ward, Tennessee. The association took the following action: Resolved, that a high school education or the equivalent, and graduation from a recognized college of pharmacy be made a prerequisite for registration after 1920. That the Commissioner of Internal Revenue be requested to require physicians, dentists and veterinarians to keep copies of all prescriptions calling for narcoctic drugs. That uniform label requirements be adopted by all boards. Also that the requirements as to display of certificates be made uniform. That state narcotic laws be made to conform with U. S. laws. That the term "patent or proprietary preparation or remedy be defined as one, the name of which does not appear in the U.S. P. or N.F. or the complete formula of which is not printed on the label attached to the container." That the official application blank of the N.A.B.P. be used by all applicants for reciprocal registration. That in states where the statistics are incomplete, the re- quirement of not less than 60 per cent in any subject might be waived where the secretary of the board will certify the applicant is of N.A.P.B. standard. A Correction by Secretary Day W. B. Day, general secretary of the American Pharmaceu- tical Association writes to The Pharimaceutical Era re- gretting the widespread publication of what purported to have been the action of the A.Ph.A. in adopting a resolution admit- ting none but graduates of pharmacy to membership after 1920. This impression got abroad, he says, through garbled news- paper reports sent out from San Francisco and appearing in the daily press of that city. "It is unfortunately the case that in most of the large cities," writes Mr. Day, "the daily press is unwilling to give any space to an account of a convention, such as ours, unless something sensational can be made out of it. "The facts of the matter are that the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy, which met the week preceding the ■'\.Ph.A., passed a resolution — which was purely advisory not mandatory — to the effect that beginning with 1920 all Boards of Pharmacy should require graduation from a recognized col- lege of pharmacy as a prerequisite to the board examination and that all recognized colleges of pharmacy should require graduation from high school for entrance to the course. 442 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [October, 1915 "Now, from this commendable resolution, which was ap- proved by the joint session of the Section on Education and Legislation of the A.Ph.A., the American Conference of Phar- maceutical Faculties and the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy, some reporter evolved a remarkable statement, published in one of the San Francisco papers, that the Ameri- can Pharmaceutical Association proposed to limit its member- ship to graduates of colleges of pharmacy and that beginning with 1920 all members who were not graduates would be dropped from the association. And further, that their licenses to practice pharmacy would be taken away from them. Of course such an absurd statement would be discredited at first reading by every person conversant with pharmaceutical affairs. "Such a statement passing witliout contradiction would work serious injury to the American Pharmaceutical Association." MAY LET DRUGGISTS "DOWN EASY" Health Board Expected to Prosecute Manufacturers, Not Retailers, Says Dr. Anderson. That the executive committee of the New York City Phar- maceutical Conference had recently had a "satisfactory" con- ference with Dr. Lucius P. Brown, in charge of the Bureau of Food and Drugs, Department of Health, at which the corp- oration counsel was also present, was reported by Dr. Wm. C. Anderson, chairman of the Conference, at tlie September meeting of the Kings County Pharmaceutical Society, held at the Brooklyn College of Pharmacy. Dr. Anderson and the other members of the committee impressed upon Dr. Brown the necessity of prosecuting the manufacturer of proprietaries, if the Board of Health intended to enforce its recently drafted ordinance requiring a label statement of the names of active ingredients of such articles. The retail druggist, they insisted, if brought into court at all should be there merely as a wit- ness. Dr. Brown was told how reputable druggists had been made to sit with pickpockets and other prisoners in the city courts, and the committee were of the impression that both Dr. Brown and tlie corporation counsel were favorable to their recommen- dation. The retailers, it was pointed out, would be glad to co-operate with the Board if it would go about its purpose with justice. Dr. Anderson said that Dr. Brown promised to bring the matter as presented by the committee before Com- missioner of Health Goldwater. However, "no definite decision was arrived at." The committee regarded their reception as very cordial and were of the opinion that the department was trying to do the best it could for the retail trade. Dr. Wm. C. Anderson was called upon to report on the A.Ph.A. and N.A.R.D. conventions. He said he had found that druggists who were most interested in professional phar- macy were so interested because professional pharmacy was most profitable for them. "There is not much difference in the attatude of druggists in this direction anywhere through- out the country. Some decry the soda fountain and cigar counter but it pays them to do so." Dr. Anderson discussed the resolution of the National As- sociation of Boards of Pharmacy which recommended that after 1920 only high school and college graduates be accepted for examination for registration. He believed that the action which made membership depend on a 30-hour entrance re- quirement forestalled the 1920 proposition, which was the reason the resolution was adopted as a recommendation. He characterized the "if possible" feature of the resolution as showing that the action was a "grand stand play." The speaker contended that to require college and high school educations of the registrant would drive boys away from the colleges and that they would seek registration through other channels. It was very well to argue tliat the few registrants under the proposed conditions would be of high quality, but that did not take into consideration the public's needs. Dr. Anderson, talking on legislation, asserted that the Cream of Wheat case, decided in favor of the cereal manu- facturers, had given price maintenance a boost, in that it acknowledged the right of the manufacturer to sell to whom he pleased. The members by resolution signified that they were in ac- cord with the N.A.R.D. proposition to classify the retail" drug- gist so that he could sell alcohol in quantities of not more than one gallon. Thomas J. France, chairman of the board of supervision, reported that the prospects for the junior and senior classes were excellent and that they would probably be as large or larger than those of last year. Treasurer Adrian Paradis reported a balance on hand In the sum of $530. Among the Associations The San Francisco R. D. A. has elected the following officers: President, H. A. Gerdes; vice-president, J. M. Cas- selman; secretary-treasurer, N. Schwartz; executive commit- tee, J. German, W. Breckenfeld, H. Schwartz, C. Stange, K. B. Bowerman, J. M. Stanton and L. Harris; editor, Stirring Rod, D. R. Rees; business manager, W. Gnerich; legisla- tative committee, Rees, Gnerich and Ramsay; delegates to retail trade committee of Chamber of Commerce, D. R. Rees and N. Schwartz. Muskogee, Okla., drug clerks, 14 in number, met recently to plan the organization of a State registered pharmacists' association which shall have as one of its objects the ex- termination of the class of druggists who use the drug busi- ness as a blind for selling liquor. Frank L. Hill, of Nowata, was chairman of the meeting and will act as State organizer. The New Orleans Ph. A. and the Retail Grocers' .Associa- tion, of New Orleans, La., have won two test suits brought by the attorney for the State tax collector and which resulted in Judge V. J. Stentz ruling that retail grocers and drug- gists cannot be made to pay an additional license for selling cigars and tobacco. Judge Stentz held that with the excep- tion of retailers selling liquor or conducting a soda fountain, which businesses had been specifically provided for by the leg- islature, a mercantile establishment could not be made to pay more than one license. Atlanta, Ga., druggists met recently in the Chamber of Commerce building in that city in response to the call of David G. Wise, president of tlie Atlanta R.D..A.. The object of the meeting was to enlist closer co-operation with the gov- ernment officials in their efforts to exterminate the drug habit. Among those scheduled to speak were W. S. Elkin, Jr., U. S. District Attorney Hooper Alexander, Revenue Agent D. J. Gantt, Special Agent L. L. Froneberger, Revenue Collector A. O. Blalock and the city health officials. The Wisconsin Ginseng Growers' .'\ssociation, in annual meeting at Antigo, elected the following officers: E. F. Burns, Stanley, president; J. E. Neffe, La Crosse, vice-president; George Maxwell, Antigo, second vice-president; H. J. Steeps, Rice Lake, secretary-treasurer. Buffalo, N. Y., drug clerks, 75 in number, have organized a Buffalo branch of the National Association of Drug Clerks, electing tliese officers : President, Henry Fish ; first vice- president, Jacob Bernstein; second vice-president, G. R. Hol- land; secretary, Curtiss C. Finny; treasurer, Henry Judd. P. .\. Mandabach, of Buffalo, secretary-treasurer of the national organization, was in Buffalo for several weeks arranging for the organization of the new branch. The St. Louis Drug Club celebrated the end of its mem- bership campaign with a "Catch the Pill Rollers" banquet at Sunset Inn. Frank S. Klein was awarded a gold medal for having obtained the largest number of members during the campaign. The Albany (N. Y.) Drug Club held a clam bake and field (lay at Shafer's grove recently. The team of retail clerks, comprising employers of H. Warner, with Albert Warner as captain, won the baseball game from die wholesale employes with W. J. Leonard as captain. The affair was in charge of H. W. Warner, chairman; Albert Frederick, Elmer E. Ross, I. W. Seeley and Joseph Housewaller. The Chicago Drug Club — members, families, sweethearts and just friends — visited Spring Hill Grove at St. John, Ind.. recently. A banquet and 3S typical picnic contests were fea- tures of the outing. The A.Ph.A., the California Ph.A. and the California CP., were awarded bronze plaques on "Pharmaceutical Day" at the Panama-Pacific Exposition, these honors being awarded in Festival Hall, with C. A. Mayo ,is chairman of the day roBER. 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 443 PHARMACEUTICAL PERSONALS A PROUD GRANDFATHER In the record of deeds accomplished as chief prcadamite, patriarch, Nestor, veteran illustrissimo or just the plain scribe of the Chicago \'eteran Druggists' Association, ^\'ilholnl Bode- rnann has covered himself witli the refulgent glory of the eternal Chicagoan and wears a real drug trade halo. These accom- plishments are something any ambitious druggist might be proud of, but they are as nothing, at least with Mr. Bode- mann. when it comes to the fine art of being a grandfather. Imagine if you can the proud smile that illumines the Bode- fj I V Bodcmann, Chicago's ictercn pharmacist mannesque features when the veteran gazes upon the "chips of the old block" shown in the picture herewith. The young- sters are Billie and Jack Eichenberger, Mr. Bodemann's grand- sons, and from the positions they have preempted at the table, it is safe to say that they receive considerable attention in the Bodemann ranch. Drug^st 50 Years at Same Stand X. Douglas Sevin, senior partner of N. D. Sevin & Co., druggists, of Norwich, Conn., on September 1 was the recipient of numerous congratulations from friends in and out of the trade, the occasion being the fiftieth anniversary of his start in the drug business at his present location in that city. In 1888 his son, Frank D. Sevin, was taken into partnership. The store has always enjoyed a good patronage and the confidence of the public. Mr. Nevin learned the drug business of Dr. William S. Tyler, a pioneer druggist of Norwich. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company B., of the 26th Regiment, in which he served as hospital steward, accompanying Bank's ex- pedition to Port Hudson. He is now a prominent member of Sedgwick Post, the first G. A. R. post established in his State. He is also prominently identified with the Masonic order, and is a member of the Connecticut Pharmaceutical .Association, which he has served as president. In 1888 he was a member of the State Legislature and for nine years was a member of the State Board of Pharmacy. In this long record of ser- vice, Mr. Sevin has not only been a successful business man. but in his activities he has honored the pharmaceutical pro- fession of his native State. PERSONAL NOTES — A. J. Ryan, manager of the Central store, Scholtz Drug Co., Denver, Col., has left for an extended trip through the East. He will visit Baltimore, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, New York, Boston and other cities of prominence. — Albert F. Heineman, Valparaiso, Ind., secretary of the In- diana State Board of Pharmacy, also owner of the Memorial opera house and head of the wholesale and retail drug estab- lishment of Heineman & Sievers, narrowly escaped death when his car was run down by a doctor's automobile. Although both autos were badly damaged, the occupants escaped with bruises. — Dr. Enrico Beltrandi, a proprietor of the European Drug Co., 1160 I street, Fresno, Cal., has left this country to join his regiment in Italy, where he holds a commission as lieu- tenant in the medical corps. — Miss Mary K. .'\le.xander and James Carskadon, of Indian- apolis, Ind., were recently married. For some years the bride was employed by the Ferger Drug Co., Indianapolis, as as- sistant manager. Mr. Carskadon was the manager of one of the Ferger stores which he recently purchased. — John Birks, a veteran druggist of Peoria, 111., was re- cently re-elected president of the Proctor hospital in that city. On tlie occasion of the election he was recovering from injuries received in an automobile accident. — W. C. Knight and Miss Leona Maxwell Beaven, both of Columbia, Mo., and the former proprietor of the Drug Shop in that city, were recently married. — Dr. I. L. Beatty, of Fairview, 111., has given up his prac- tice of medicine and his drug store in that town. He is now a Government narcoctic inspector under the Harrison law and has charge of three large districts. According to a statement, credited to him, paregoric is being sold to "fiends" in many places as it is exempted under the Harrison law. — J. A. Truitt is the whole "show" at Elk Springs, Mo. Ac- cording to report he is the druggist, station master, post- master, grocer, Boniface, local police force and farmer at the springs. He also raises goats. Recently he excavated a hundred feet or more into a hill to make a barn for his goats. Feeling a draft from the roof- so the story goes— he touched off two sticks of dynamite, put his head through the opening made by the explosion and discovered that he had opened up a beautiful cave resplendent with stalactites and stalagmites. Mr. Truitt now has another capacity, custodian of the cave. Incidentally, he is hunting another barn for his goats. —Harry J. Schilling, of Lafayette, Ind., and Miss Hazel Loehr, of Greenfield, Ind., were recently married. Mr. Schill- ing is a graduate of the Purdue School of Pharmacy, as is also his wife, both graduating in 1910. He has been associ- ated in the drug business with Albert V. Kienly, Indianapolis, and the bride was until a year ago pharmacist of the Metho- dist Hospital, in that city. — William Melody, for the past three years with the Todd- Becker Drug Co., Sioux City, la., was recently tendered a dinner at Crystal Lake, 20 of his friends attending. The affair was held on the eve of his departure to assume a position as representative for Parke, Davis & Co., with headquarters at Ottumwa. He was presented with a gold watch and chain. — Elmer Hall, pharmacist at the Huxsol Drug Store, Cul- bertson, Mont., recently met with quite a serious accident. In stepping away from the cash register he stumbled and fell into the glass show case near by, his knee going through the curved glass on the corner. Just below his knee his leg was cut to the bone, and in extricating himself his hands were also cut. —Roy S. Sykes, the Market street, Paterson, N. J., drug- gist, has been appointed city pharmacist. He alone took th^ civil service examination for the position which was held some time ago. He was temporarily appointed for 60 days by the commissioners, and has been acting as city pharmacist since the death of Robert A. Roe. 444 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [October, 1915 PERSONALS • — Charles F. Harding, one of the best-known druggists in the Ohio Valley, is also a power in politics, as evidenced by the fact that he is a member of the legislature of Ohio, and was recently the choice of both the Red and the Blue tickets for president in the annual election of the West End Republican Club, of Cincinnati. This, naturally, made his election to the leadership of the organization comparatively easy. In addi- tion to the honors mentioned, Mr. Harding is and has been for some time president of the Ohio Valley Druggists' Asso- ciation, and a member of the faculty of the Cincinnati Col- lege of Pharmacy. It goes without saying that he is a success- ful pharmacist. • — H. H. Bram, formerly well known in drug circles through- out the East, especially in Philadelphia and vicinity, is now general sales manager of H. Kirk White & Company, Inc., manufacturing chemists, Oconomowoc, Wis. His marriage to Miss Therese Guens, also of Philadelphia, recently took place, and they are living at Oconomowoc. H. K. White & Company, Inc., have recently moved into new buildings, where they will enjoy greater manufacturing facilities for their busi- ness, which lies throughout the Middle West. — William H. Ward, a post graduate of the New York Col- lege of Pharmacy, recently purchased the drug business of Edward Pennock, Plainfield, N. J. Mr. Ward has gained considerable experience in the drug business, having worked in some of the largest stores in New York City, including those of C. O. Bigelow, J. Kalish, J. Milhau & Son and Hegeman & Co. Mr. Pennock intends to take a well de- served rest and has not decided what his future activities will be. — Charles L. Huisking returned to his office last week from a two weeks' vacation spent in the Adirondacks. Asked if he found conditions in the drug trade any different from what they were before he went away, Mr. Huisking said: "The market if anything is firmer. There has been no accumulation of stocks despite the falling off in the domestic demand this month, and the question of supplies is becoming more serious than ever. Exporters are taking all they can get their hands on." — Mrs. Agnes B. Herrmann, recently assumed charge of the business of the Herrmann Drug Co. at Wausaukee, Wis., and has engaged the services of Eugene B. Gaunthier, a reg- istered pharmacist of Oconto Falls., Wis., to manage the store. Mrs. Herrmann was recently granted a divorce and the sum of $1,000. In default of this payment, the court authorized Mrs. Herrmann to take charge of the store until she had real- ized this sum from the net profits of the business. — Eben Takashi Takamine, chemist and biologist for the Takamine Laboratory, Inc., and a son of Dr. Jokichi Taka- mine, the famous Japanese chemist, was recently married to Miss Ethel Johnson, daughter of the late Dr. and Mrs. Wil- liam Johnson of Evanston, 11. In taking an American wife, Mr. Takamine is following in the footsteps of his father, Dr. Takamine, who married Miss Hitch, daughter of an old Southern family. — Henry E. Seifert, Milwaukee druggist, recently located his brother, Karl Seifert, after a separation of 35 years. Henry Seifert left Germany in 1880, placing his brother, 20 months old, in charge of relatives. Karl came later to America, but on the way he lost his brother's address and the two never found each other until now. The Milwaukee druggist searched the directories of many cities and finally found his brother in Syracuse, N. Y. —The Snider Drug Co., H. M. Snider and G. W. Card pro- prietors, recently opened a new store at Sixteenth and Welton streets, Denver, Col. The new proprietors are well known in Denver drug circles. W. T. Bray recently opened a new store in the residence district of Denver, Col., at Colfax and Downing streets. This is Mr. Bray's second venture in the drug business in Denver. ATi^ \ I . < V. TT-n nrinn i. , c-nt1v :i«;sumed charge of the ' ' t Wausaukee, Wise, i^l'-rod pharmacist to ■ ll'i 111! WIS recently granted a (liv(jiLc and in ddault of ^;i,UUO awarded her by the court she will take charge of the store until this sum is realized from the net profits of the business. — S. A. Eckstein's advancement to the office of first vice- president of the N.A.R.D., at the recent Minneapolis con- vention, gave Wisconsin druggists considerable pleasure. Mr. Eckstein, who is a former president of the Wisconsin Ph.A., represented that organization at the convention. Delegates from the Milwaukee Ph.A. were J. J. Possehl, Otto Hacken- dahl and George H. Kesten. — E. L. Husting, Sr., well-known soda water and Weiss beer manufacturer of Milwaukee, was married on September 28 to Mrs. Lilly Rupp, widow of the late Louis P. Rupp, formerly a Milwaukee druggist. The ceremony was performed by Judge John C. Karel at the Husting residence, 515 Galena street, Milwaukee. Mr. and Mrs. Husting enjoyed a wedding trip through the South. —The L. S. Walker Co., of Almond, Wis., has purchased the drug store at Hancock, formerly owned and operated by the late B. B. Borden. The store has been made into a Rexall establishment and has been placed in charge of Miss Mary Parker, a registered pharmacist, who was connected with the store under Mr. Borden's management. — Harry L. Eskew, for 14 years traveling representative for Sharp & Dohme in the South, has been appointed by Governor T. C. Rye of Tennessee as Food and Drug Commissioner of that State. Mr. Eskew is a graduate of the Cincinnati Col- lege of Pharmacy. He lives in Nashville and was highly en- dorsed for his new position. — The Red Cross Pharmacy, of Piqua, O., has been sold by H. B. Sanders to Charles Kretchmer, of Cincinnati, who has taken over the business and will conduct it personally. Mr. Sanders has conducted the store for some time, and built up a good business. His plans for tlie future have not been announced. — Samuel B. Penick, head of S. B. Penick & Co., dealers in botanical drugs, Marion, N. C, and New York City, has been notified that his firm was awarded a gold medal for its exhibit at the Panama-Pacific Exposition, San Francisco. Mr. Penick was formerly treasurer of J. L. Hopkins & Co., New York City. — C. H. Truesdell, of Waupaca, Wis., has sold his drug store to Frank O. Stratton, associated with the Truesdell pharmacy for the past ten years. Mr. Truesdell has been engaged in the drug business for the past twenty-seven years, six years in Chicago and twenty-one years in Waupaca. — H. J. Kamps, of South Milwaukee, Wis., has sold his phar- macy to T. R. Morris of Downer's Grove, 111. Mr. Kamps was forced to seek a location where the climate would be more favorable to one of his young sons. He expects to engage in the drug business elsewhere. — Miss !Mary Parker, a registered pharmacist, has been placed in charge of the drug store at Hancock, Wise, re- cently purchased by the L. S. Walker Co., of .\lmond. Wise., and formerly conducted by the late B. B. Borden. — Dr. Gustave Horstmann has been appointed a full-time professor at Fordham University College of Pharmacy. He will have charge of the pharmacy of the university consulta- tion clinic. — A. H. Sowden, city representative for Faxon & Gallagher Drug Co., Kansas City, Mo., spent his vacation in New York City, calling on many of his old friends. — Robert Lamim. of Lohn & Fink, New York City, spent a recent vacation with IMrs. Lampa in the White Mountains, Crawford Notch being their headquarters. — Robert R. Ellis, president of the Hessig-EUis Drug Co., Memphis, Tenn., has been elected president of the Cotton States Merchants' Association. — E. L. Scholt2, president of the Scholtz Drug Co., Denver, Col,, and Mrs. Scholtz are spending several weeks visiting friends in California. — A. B. Lemon, a post-graduate of Brooklyn College of Phar- macy, will represent H. K. Mulford Co. in Buffalo and stir- rounding territory. — Emil Roller spent his vacation at Beaver Brook. Lake Huntington, N. Y. Mr. Roller's pharmacy is at 574 Amster- dam avenue. — Oscar W. Smith, manager of tlie New York ofSce of Parke, Davis & Co., spent the month of August at Spring Lake. N. J. —John Burnside. of Parke. Davis S: Go 's Now York office, recently returned to his desk after a two weeks' vacation. October, 1915] THE PHAR^[ACEUTICAL ERA 445 OBITUARY I — George L). I'cldiicr, Sr., for forty-five years one of the best .known druggists of New Orleans, and for thirteen years presi- dent of the Xew Orleans College of Pharmacy, died at his ,home in that city in his sixty-first year. Mr. F. ldnor, who jfor the last twenty-seven years had a drug store in Magazine /street near the Ninth street market, was looked up to as a .friend of the poor. He often gave his time and means to fliose ,who could not afford the services of a doctor. During the plague of 1S7S Mr. Feldner, then a young druggist, gave his "services in an effort to stop the epidemic. Mr. Feldner was a member of the Democratic State Central Committee, an ihonorary member of the Washington Artillery, a Mason, 'iPythian and a Druid. He is surv-ived by his wife, three chil- idren and one brother. ' — J. B. Brown, S8, who saw Hannibal, Mo., Mark Twain's I town, grow from a little trading point on the river to a live J and hustling city and who was mayor of the city for four , terms, died following a short illness. He was one of the best ^ known men in Hannibal and for a number of years was engaged lin the drug business on North Alain street, the store he for- Imerly conducted now being in charge of his son. A. Sydney ^ Brown. The only interruption to his residence in Harmibal J was in 1852, when he went to California during the gold craze. He came back with $1,000, with which he bought his [ drug business. I- —Mrs. Alfred Foot, mother of Samuel A. Foot, manager ■ of the fancy goods and sundries department of McKesson & Robbins, New York, died on Thursday, August 12, at her residence, 1707 Eye Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. She ' was the widow of the late Major Alfred Foot, 14th Infantry, I U. S. A., daughter of the late John E. and Elizabeth C. Forster of Harrisburg, Pa., daughter-in-law of the late Hon. Samuel Alfred Foot, of Geneva, New York. Interment took place at her former home, iTarrisburg, Pa. ; — Ole N. Falk. 74, druggist in Stoughton, Wis., since 1866, 1 and in the banking business in that city from 1884 to 1904, having organized the Dane County Bank, now the First Na- tional, died of a heart affection contracted during his ser- vice in the Civil War. He was a charter member of Philo C. Buckman Post. G. A. R., a founder of Christ Lutheran . congregation in his city, and was among those druggists who organized the Wisconsin Ph.A. A widow and six children survive. ' — Marion G. Culver, a well-known druggi.st of .\uburn, N. Y, died at his home, 37 Westlake avenue, in that city, re- cently, aged 57 years. He entered the drug business at the age of 14 years and when the Sagar Drug Company of Auburn was organized in 1889 he was one of the original I incorporators. In 1893 Mr. Culver joined with Charles B. Sears in purchasing the interests of Mr. Sagar. He was elected ' president of the new firm, holding the position up to the time ' of his death. — General W. W. Henry, 84, one of the few surviving gen- erals of the civil war, died at his home in Burlington, Vt. In 1857 he engaged in the drug business in Waterbury, be- coming associated with his father in the firm of J. M. Henry & Sons. He sold out his interest in this enterprise in 1861, and enlisted at the outbreak of the Civil War. After the war he re-entered the drug business, retiring in 1897 to become consul to Quebec. —Prof. Charles Hallett Wing, head of the department of chemistry in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1874 to 1884, died in Boston on September 14. He was 80 years old, and graduated from Harvard University with the degree of B.S. in 1879, teaching chemistry in Cornell Uni- versity until 1874. He was a member of many scientific so- cieties, including the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. — James Montgomery Durdy, a former representative of the Kellogg Newspaper Co., and for many years engaged in the drug business in North St. Louis. Mo., died at his home in St. Louis from Bright's disease. He was born in Hills- boro, Mo., received his early education in the public schools of St. Louis and the Cincinnati College of Pharmacy. — William N. ^\'illiams, proprietor of the Roanoke phar- macy, Kansas City, Mo., died at Wesley Hospital after a long illness, complicated by several operations for appendicitis. He came to Kansas City from Erie, Col., where he was born in 1844. — Edward Hollander, 58, vice-president of the Hollander BroLliers Drug Co., wholesale druggists and chemical manufac- turers, Pittsburgh, Pa., died at the home of his son. Dr. Lester Hollander, East Pittsburgh. He was born in upper Hungary. —Clifford .-Vudrews, 45, of Muncie, Ind., a student attending a school of pharmacy in Indianapolis, who had come to Noblesville to spend a week's vacation, was struck by a trac- tion car in the last-named city and died three hours later. —John Clayton Miller, 46, Pueblo, Col., fell dead at the prescription case of his drug store in Central Block. He was born in Kentucky and came to Pueblo 15 years ago, enter- ing the drug business at that time with his brother-in-law. — Frank C. Thompson died recently at his home in Denver, Col., after a brief illness. He was forty-seven years old and had been in business in Denver for twelve years. Previously he was in business in Grand Rapids, Mich. — N. H. Watson, Cropsey, 111., died of a complication of diseases. He was born in Greene County, Ohio, in 1851, and had conducted drug stores in Cooksville, Anchor and Crop- sey. A widow and one son survive. — John H, Haydon, druggist, of Brooklyn, N. Y., died o a complication of diseases. He was born in New Haven, Conn., 44 years ago, and for 14 years was in the drug business in Brooklyn. He leaves a widow. — William E. Turple, 58 years old, who conducted a drug store in Worcester, Mass., for nearly 30 years, died after a short illness. Mr. Turple was a native of Halifax, N. S. A widow and two children survive. — Frederick Christian Seitzer, 49 years old, for a quarter of a century known as the "West Side Druggist," of Mount Vernon, a suburb of New York City, died of stomach trouble at Polyclinic Hospital recently. —Karl Aschen brand, 71 years old, formerly a druggist of Portchester and Islip, Long Island, more recently the proprie- tor of Oakwood Inn, Bayport, L. I., died as the result of a fall down stairs. — Frank Nau, 42, the first druggist in Portland, Ore., to keep his store open all the time, died at his home in that city, .\ugust 30. For more than 25 years his store was not closed night or day. — I. C. Reeves, old resident of Keokuk, la., died at his home in that city. When he retired from active business life about a year ago, he concluded 50 years in the practice of pharmacy. — Charles W. Brooks, 71, Salem, Mass., died September 7. During the Civil War he was captured and confined for a long period in Libby prison. He was in the drug business 50 years. — Edwin C. Litchfield, who has a druggist at Flint, Mich., for thirty years, died just a short time before he was to have received his initiation into thirty-third degree Masonry. — Clarence T. Smith, 67, who formerly conducted a drug store in Philadelphia, Pa., fell dead from heart disease at his summer home in Oceon City. — Freeman M. Brown, manager for the Purinton Medicine Co., Detroit, Mich., died recently. He is survived by a widow and two children. — George C. Heller, 53 years old, a prominent druggist of East St. Louis, 111., died of stomach trouble. A widow and son survive. — Noel Meigs Pease, 64, druggist of Enfield, Mass., died at Stafford Springs. From 1875 to 1894 he was in the drug business. — Mark J. Sargent, druggist for half a century at South Roy- alton, Vt., died at the age of 78 years. He was a Civil War veteran. — Silas L. Doyen, 66, who operated pharmacies in Green Bay, Wis., a number of years ago, died at Algona of acute dropsy. — Frederick G. Weber, 60, Brooklyn, N. Y., manager of the patent medicine department of Weber's Tea Co., is dead. 446 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [October, 1915 Government Fines Fifty Misbranded Medicines Federal Courts Condemn Goods or Impose Penalties on Manufacturers of Proprietaries for Violation of Pure Food and Drugs Act. More than half a hundred legal actions have been terminated successfully under the Sherley amend- ment to the Food and Drugs Act, which prohibits talse and fraudulent claims as to the curative or therapeutic effects of drugs or medicines. Criminal prosecutions against the manufacturers were brought in 25 cases, but in 31 instances the falsely and fraudulently labeled medicines were seized while m interstate commerce Suggestive Name of "Family Physician" Fails to Save This Preparation ./o!''u^?'!l'"\^^'''^""' Company, of Baltimore, Md., plead- ed guilty to the charge that a preparation called "Family Physi- ^'il^i ^"^^f'PPfd by them into interstate commerce was S which th '^"^-'' ^'"""^ -^"y diseases tu^erT in t ""f ' "^'^ recommended by the manufac- ^'^''"^V}'? aPPearmg on tlie labels and accompanying circulars were diphtheria, scarlet fever, typhoid fever small- and Jungs. The following quotations from the label carton Lt"tv" Public is hereby assured that this IS the Genuine and Original Family Physician * * * 1-or fever you need not give anything else but this Medicine It will keep the rash out itself. * * * For cases of Small Po.x take plenty and often-Use freely. Give no hot teas just give the medicme and what pimples are under the skin will come out, the rest will be carried off by the medicine * * * Also a wonderful and positive remedy for dyspepsia keeps measles out nicely, regulates the bowels without trouble and by purifying the blood prevents your liability to disease." Analysis of the product, which was claimed by the manu- facturer to be effective in the treatment of so many virulent and contagious diseases, as well as a variety of minor ills showed that It was a syrup containing 19.2 per cent non- volatile_ matter, 8.9 per cent alcohol, anise, and a vegetable cathartic drug. The Government, therefore, charged that the medicine did not contain ingredients or medicinal agents ef- fective for the relief and cure of the diseases which it was claimed to cure. The court imposed a fine of $75. Remarkable Claims for Dr. H. A. Ingham's Vegetable Expectorant Nervine Pain Extractor A plea of guilty was entered by H. A. Ingham & Co of Vergennes, Vt., to the charge that statements and claims as to curative powers of a product called "Dr. H. A. Ingham's Vegetable Expectorant Nervine Pain Extractor" were false and fraudulent. An analysis of a sample of the product by the Bureau of Chemistry showed the same to contain alcohol, 86 per cent; opium alkaloids, camphor, capsicum, and vegetable extractive matter. The Government, therefore, alleged that the medicine did not contain ingredients or medicinal agents effective, as the labels or circulars asserted, to subdue raging fever, or to cure typhoid fever, lung fever, scarlet fever rheu- matic fever, cholera, dysentery, sunstroke, diphtheria, bleeding at the lungs, nervous exhaustion, or piles, or to prevent fits of apoplexy and epilepsy when coming on, or to heal without in- flammation or suffering all wounds, sprains, or burns, or to break up a felon, or to cure congestion of the lungs, pleurisy, fits of apoplexy, chronic rheumatism, paralyzed limbs, and croup. ^ It was also alleged by the Government that the statements For teething and restless children, it is not only safe and harmless, but positiv.lv l,.n-r„,Tl; it agrees witli the most tender child or feebl- , false and misleading in that they were of such n iJ.^^d the purchasers into the belief that the artid. no harmful or poisonous in- gredient, whereas, in fact it did contain morphine and other opium alkaloids of a poisonous and deleterious nature, such as might prove harmful and deleterious to the health of tender children and feeble infants, and other persons, if consumed by them. The court fined the defendant $100. Seized Four Thousand Bottles of "Father John's Medicine" Four thousand and ninety-two bottles of "Father John's Med- icine" were seized in Philadelphia, Pa., it being alleged in the libel that the labels on the bottles and on the pasteboard pack- ages containing the bottles bore statements regarding the cura- tive effects of the medicine that were false and fraudulent. Claims were made by the manufacturers for the efficacy of the medicine in the treatment of consumption, coughs, colds, croup, asthma, bronchitis, sore throat, whooping cough, pneumonia, catarrh, rickets, and a number of other ailments. A judgment of condemnation and forfeiture was entered, and it was ordered by the court that the product be delivered to Carleton & Hovey Company, Lowell, Mass., upon payment of all the costs in the proceedings and the execution of a bond in the sum of 53,000, to insure that the goods would not be sold unless truthfully re- labeled. Jury Says "Guilty" for Misbranding "Bad-Em-Salz" A verdict of "guilty" was rendered against the American Laboratories, a corporation located at Philadelphia, Pa., for shipping into interstate commerce a product called "Bad-Em- Salz" which it was alleged was falsely and fraudulently labeled. An analysis of a sample of the product showed that it con- sisted of common salt, Glauber salt, baking soda, and a small amount of tartaric acid. It was claimed by the manufacturers that this preparation reproduced the medicinal properties of the great European springs famous for centuries for the cure of diseases of the stomach, intestines, liver, kidneys, or bladder, and that it represented the medicinal agents obtained by the evaporating of the water from famous European springs. The Government alleged among other things that these claims were false and misleading. It was also alleged that the statements in the circular indicating that the preparation contained in- gredients or medicinal agents effective for dissolving gall stones, for the prevention of gastritis, for curing diabetes, for prevent- ing or checking chronic inflammation of the kidneys, and for relieving catarrh of the bladder, ,vere false and fraudulent. A fine of $100 was imposed by the couit. Long List of Misbranded Medicines The following list includes other preparations against which the Government's charge that they were falsely or fraudulently labeled was sustained by the Federal courts. Statements were made on the labels of, or on the circulars accompanying, the preparations intended to make the purchaser believe that the medicines were effective cures for a great variety of diseases for which they were recommended by the manufacturers or pro- moters. The main allegations of the Government were upheld by the courts and judgment accordingly entered in connection with each of the following preparations: Radam's Microbe Killer Hilton's Specific Smith's Agricultural Liniment Dr. Sullivan's Sure Solvent Russell's White Drops Stramoline Wild Cherry Pepsin Moreau's Wine of Anise Dr. Herman Koch's Brand Phosphate, Celery and Gin Compound Swissco Hair and Scalp Remedy Cod Liver Oil with Syrup of Tar Dr. Mozley's Lemon Elixir Sa-Yo Mint Jujubes Gray's Glycerine Tonic Com- pound Dr. Martel's Female Pills Quickstep. Frye's Remedy Seawright's Magnesium Lithia Water Hill's Aromatic Ext. Cod Liver Oil (Hollander-KoshlandCo.) Black's Pulmonic Syrup Tetterine Laxative Quinine Tablets Mrs. Joe Person's Remedy Maignen Antiseptic Powder Cranitonic Scalp Food-Hair Food Dr. David Kennedy's Cal Cura Solvent SchcMck's Pulmonic Syrup. Keller's Flaxseedine Tutt's Pills Universal Rheumatic Remedy Green Mountain Oil Weber's Genuine Alpine Herb Tea Montague's Liniment Coe's Cough Balsam White Stone Lithia Water Kalamazoo Celery & Sarsaparilla Compound Quality Damiana Compound Dennis Eucalyptus Ointnjent Cassidv's 4X— The Great Blood Purifier Porter's Antiseptic Healing Oil Ballard's Horehound Syrup Com- pound Dr. Shoop's Night Cure Dr. Shoop's Cough Remedy Dr. Shoop's Restorative Rheumacide Rice's Mothers' Joy Salve Milam Old Jim Field's Phosphate Dill and Gin Stuart's Buchu and Juniper Compound Ozomulsion Jones' Break Up Carswell's Liver Aid Dr. Shoop's Twenty Minnte Cough Remedy Rogers' Consumption Cure and Cough Lozenges Rogers' Inhalant October. 1915] TPIE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 447 NEW GOODS AND SPECIALTIES Sonora Phonographs for Drug Stores The Sonora Phonograph Corporation of New York City tells The Pharmaceutical Era that it believes the retail drug store is the logical place for the handling of phonographs, particularly in the smaller towns and cities. Consequently this company is making a bid for the druggist's business. The first phonograph was produced about thirty-five years ago. At first it was built more along the lines of a toy, but to-day it has reached- the stage of perfection that has gained for it the great popularity it deserves. Several makes of phono- graphs were on the mar- ket before the Sonora was heard of. The manufac- turers of this machine say they have attempted to blaze new trails. They have not followed tlie ac- cepted principles of other manufacturers, but have worked along scientific lines of their own devel- opment. One of the most impor- tant features of the pho- nograph i.s its tone. The makers of the Sonora claim that their machine produces the most mellow sound of any machine on the market .•\t the Pan- ama-Pacific Exposition the instrument was awarded a perfect score of 100 per cent for its tone quality. This feature of the ma- chine is controlled by a "tone modifier," a process which is protected by the company. The sound box, which is the principal fea- ture in the development of tone, is manufactured in the company's factory in Switzerland. Every user of a phonograph knows what a bother it is to have to wind up the motor after each selection. A special feature claimed for the Sonora machine is that the motor runs much longer than that of most makes sold at the same price. The machine sells for from $35 to $300. "Clutch Point" Gold and Silver Pencils Years ago the public learned to recognize the fountain pen as an every-day necessity, for once its mechanical perfection was established, its convenience and efficiency were not ques- tioned. The more recent perfection of the practical types of gold and silver pencils has gained recognition for them also and numerous prizes have been awarded for improvements on this class of merchandise. Hanging on the walls in the general salesroom of the Aikin- Lambert Co., New York City, are framed certificates of award from the International Exhibition of Philadelphia, the Exposition Universelle, the Sidney International Exhibition, and The World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposi- tion. Each certificate marks some forward step in the de- velopment of the gold and silver pencils manufactured by the company. The Aikin-Lambert Co. manufactures a grade of pencil which sells at prices ranging from 50 cents to $50 and have One of the models of Sonora phonographs suffered from various cheap imitations. The pencils are manu- factured in sterling silver, gold plated and gold and are made in various sizes witli or without the telescope effect. The manufacturers report that the sale of this variety of pencil is fast assuming enormous proportions, especially in the jewelry and stationery stores. For a long time the drug- gists have recognized the profit-making possibilities of the fountain pen but thus far, comparatively speaking, only a few of the larger drug stores have taken up the sale of pencils. As a general merchandising proposition the pencils are easy to handle, they sell quickly, and the margin of profit is said to be liberal. The Aikin-Lambert Co. puts out these pencils in a manner attractive for showcase displays in the drug store. The com- pany believes that an alluring display does more to sell mer- chandise than the salesman. These goods make an excellent Christmas gift. 'Vanitie" Portable Electric Lamp The "Vanitie" portable electric lamp, manufactured by the Aladdin Lamp Corp., 52 Vanderbilt avenue, New York City, possesses novel features which particularly adapt it as a sales- able drug store accessory. .\ felt-lined clamp that pulls out of the base allows it to be securely fastened to a chair, dressing table, bed- 1 post, sewing machine, etc., *^ and a rubber suction cup "^fc^ concealed within the base fastens ft to any smooth, Tj^L polished, non-porous sur- face. This suction cup has . . jariBWw ! ■.. an automatic release, en- abling the user to destroy the vacuum instantly when % desirous of moving the lamp from its position. Its adjustable and de- tachable shade fits any style or size of globe and can be turned to practically any angle to insure proper con- centration of the light; the inside of the shade being coated with satin-finished aluminum. The visor joint permits of free movement in every direction and is so constructed that the in- sulation is protected at all times. Ten feet of high- grade parallel cord, wound inside of the base of the lamp can be drawn out so that only the amount in actual use is exposed. The "Vanitie" is constructed of high-grade brass through- out and is finished in old brush brass and heavy nickel plate. The height when standing erect is 12 inches; the weight 1^^ pounds, and being so light is easily packed for traveling. 'Vanitie" lamp Local View Post Cards Curt Teich & Co., Inc., 1745-1755 Irving Park boulevard, Chicago, announce that they are prepared to accept for prompt delivery the orders of retail, wholesale or manufacturing drug- gists for advertising blotters, ad-envelopes, post cards, etc. They also furnish retail drug stores with local view post cards. They are prepared to execute any style or process which may be desired. Cards may be printed in one or more colors and in seven different processes. 448 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [October, 1915 S. & D.'s Colorless Mineral Oil Sharp & Dohnie, Baltimore, Md., have placed on the mar- ket a colorless mineral oil, highly refined and made in this country. This is one of a large number of American oils which have recently been placed on the market to take the place of the Russian oils, which formerly were sold here in large quantities for medicinal use. Oil put up by Sharp & Dohme differs in only one respect, it is stated, from tliat of the best Russian white oil — that of specific gravity. While Russian white oil is refined from a crude oil of asphaltum base, and has a specific gravity of about 0.875, this American oil is produced from a crude oil of a paraffin base, and is tlierefore of a lower specific gravity, ranging from 0.835 to 0.852, but notwithstand- ing there is such considerable difference in specific grav- ity, there is little if any difference in the degree of viscosity, and though it is perfectly true that with oils of the same origin the specific gravity varies quite uniformly with the degree of viscosity, the gravities of oils of different origin, yet of the same degree of viscosity, may be widely different. Any mineral oil to be adapted for internal administration must first of all be pure, and must as well possess value as an intestinal lubricant. This latter quality is dependent entirely upon the degree of viscosity of the oil employed. While much has heretofore been said concerning the high gravity of white mineral oil of Russian origin, clinical experience has demon- strated that what really is required is an oil of a sufficient degree of viscosity, yet not so heavy that it will cling or stick to the tongue or liroat. A Flashlight Gun for Amateurs One of the chief difficulties which has always hampered the amateur photographer in his attempts to take flashlight pictures has been the trouble experienced in getting a con- venient and easy method of setting off the flash without in- terfering with the attention which he has to give to the camera. Especially has this been true in cases where the photographer desired to take a flashlight picture away from home. It was necessary for him- to carry extensive apparatus or to find a place where he could pin up his powder flash. These difficulties seem to have been at least partly solved by the "Imp Flashlight Gun" which has been put on the market by the Imperial Brass Manufacturing Co., Chicago. This small gun holds the flash of powder, and the trigger, which fires the powder, also operates the shutter of the camera. Its work is said to be instantaneous, and is especially recom- mended for amateur and press work in taking moving objects. It retails for $1.75 and as a camera side line tends to increase the sales of supplies. Two Hot Soda Features The J. Hungerford Smith Co., Rochester, N. Y., points out that it is not difficult to obtain attractive cold soda specialties, but it is not often that fountain operators are able to buy a real satisfactory hot drink that is different from the usual hot chocolate, chicken, clam, tomato, etc. Broth Bellevue and tomato, this company thinks, fills the void. Broth Bellevue, so called after the Bellevue-Stratford hotel, is a very attractive hot drink of blended flavors, and a good seller, and the to- mato bouillon, the company claims, is of unusually fine flavor. The "True Fruit" hot list includes a large number of special- ties and all the staple items. A National Campaign on Suprema Preparations Frederick Stearns & Co., Detroit, began in August a national advertising campaign on its "Suprema" preparations, Harper's Bazar, Vanity Fair. Theatre Magazine, Vogue, Town and Country and the Ladies Home Journal being on the list. The first item to be thus advertised was "Suprema" cold cream, the package of which contains seven and a half ounces of cold cream. These advertisements have featured successfully "Su- prema" liquid shampoo and "Suprema" nail cleamser, and in November will bring the attention of millions of women readers to "Suprema" massage cream. Pinex Demand Keeps Up The Pinex Company, Fort Wayne, Ind., writes The Era as follows: "During last year when a great many proprietary medicines had hard sledding, 'Pinex' sales showed their usual normal, healthy increase. The explanation lies partly in the liberal advertising policy of the company and partly in the fact that the remedy has become recognized as one of the standards found in most family medicine chests and on shelves of prac- tically every drug store in the country. "As usual Pinex is sold this year under a wide open guar- antee of satisfaction or money back. The Pinex Company has never quibbled nor delayed in making good its guaran- tee, and it is now in a stronger position to back up its promises. "The remedy this year is precisely tlie same as it was last. During the preceding years it has been improved year by year until its producers believe that it has reached as near perfection for its purpose as is possible. There has been no occasion to skimp or drop out any of the ingredients since the Pinex Company had on hand last year a two years' sup- ply of foreign chemicals used and has found no particular dif- ficulty in obtaining additional shipments during the past year." Leather Goods for Druggists Many druggists have been quite successful in selling leather goods to their trade. The Fortuna Leather Com- pany, Inc , 730 W. Girard avenue, Philadelphia, is bringing the attention of druggists to its very complete line of leather purses and sundries, which are recom- mended by the manufacturer as goods likely to appeal to holiday shoppers, though in demand the year around. Hand bags in calf, cow- hide and goat skin, book ends, table mats, bill books, handkerchief cases, napkin rings, memo books, cigar cases, albums, desk sets and a score of other items are made by this company in various colors. The work- manship is guaranteed to be first-class, and the goods are made up in artistic style. Soft brown and green shades are very popular, the com- pany says. A Fortuna leather hand bag 'J O Kino' of Exterminators" ' ily. asserts that it has sold nuler its "money back if it III years. "J-O" is used to ' ' ' and waterbugs. It is manu- Joh. • ' "J-O I fails" rid honii-, (,i II factured in powder, liquid and paste form Wrisley Perfumes in Attractive Packages A delicate perfume always finds a ready sale among the most discriminating of the druggist's customers and this is especially true if the quality of the goods is backed up by attractive packages. Among the perfumes on tlie market which appeal to the refined taste is the Mione (pronounced My- Own), manufactured by Wrisley, Perfumer, Chicago. This, together with the Santoy perfumes, which tlie company also makes, are put \ip in pleasing dome-top boxes, brass-cap bottles and snap-fastnur boxes, which lend themselves to an attractive window display. The perfumes are made in as- sorted odors and colors and sell for 25c and 50c. Cigars for Gift-Giving Cigars are a good "buy" for druggists who want to do a profitable holiday trade. H. E. Frailey. of Lancaster, Pa., a retail druggist, who contributes an article on holiday building trade to this issue of the Era counts cigars and accessories as among his best lines. The Tampa-Cuba Cigar Co., Tampa, Fla., an organization of 4,000 retail druggists, makes a specialt>' of putting up holiday boxes of cigars. These holiday boxes contain usually 25 cigars, and it is packages of tliis size that are in best demand for gift-giving. .\ retail druggist sold 212 specialty holiday packages of a certain brand of cigars last year, says this company. October, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 449 The "Perfection" Mirror Back The Superior Novelty Case Co., 224 S. Jefferson street, Chicago, 111., calls attention to its "Perfection" mirror rack, a display rack, which will be particularly suitable for holiday season d'isplay of hand mirrors on the top of a showcase or table. This rack accommodates mirrors ranging in size from 4J.i to 7 by 9 inches. It is made in quarter-sawed oak, ma- hogany and mission finishes, velvet-linecl to prevent any scratch- ing or marring of the mirrors. One will be sent to any drug- gist by this company upon receipt of $2.50. Counter Display of Perfumery The Baldwin Perfumer>- Co., 114 N. Franklin street, Chi- I cago. 111., makes an interesting offer to retail druggists who are anxious to boost the sales of perfumes during the holiday sea- son or at any other time. A counter display is given free with each order amounting to $12. In addition a half pound of "Clovereta" perfume listed at $5.00 a pound is given. Other attractive holiday offers are made by this company in a special catalogue which will be sent to Er.\ readers upon request. Playing Cards Always Acceptable Gift Playing cards are always an acceptable holiday gift. The ' United States Playing Card Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, therefore calls the attention of druggists who are laying in lines for , Christmas trade to its well-known brands of "Bicycle" and "Congress" cards. This company also makes a big line of special cards for various games, poker chips, etc. Holiday Packets of Cigarettes Philip Morris & Company, Ltd., makers of Philip ISIorris cigarettes, announce that about October 1 they will have ready for deliver)-, without e.xtra charge, special holiday packets con- ' taining 100 cigarettes. Many women who dislike shopping at a cigar store look to the drug store for purchases of cigarettes and cigars. Philip Morris cigarettes are a standard brand, for I which there is a good demand in all localities. I Candy the Standard Holiday Gift Nothing, however useful or ornamental, will ever take the 1 place completely of candy for the holidays. Indeed Christmas I wouldn't be Christmas without candy. Every wide-awake drug- I gist knows this, and makes his plans early for getting the con- ' fection trade of his locality. Special holiday bo.xes add to the salabilitv- of Christmas candy, and this feature is supplied in an attractive way by the Rochester Candy Works, Rochester, 1; N. Y., which offers its "Delcara" sweets in poinsetta bo.xes [I This company also offers to assist druggists in pushing their candy sales by supplying cuts and advertising matter for use in local newspapers or circulars. ' A Bible as a Christmas Gift To those who do not lose sight of the greatest meaning of Christmas the gift of a bible at this season would always prove a delight. There is a constant demand for bibles, a demand which the John C. Winston Co., 1005 .^rch street, Philadel- I phia, is helping to supply. This company offers to the trade a special dollar bible of genuine flexible binding, round cor- oners, overlapping covers and red-under-gold edges. The Win- iston publishing house shows more than 600 types of bibles and testaments in its catalogue. Special Holiday Boxes in Demand » People who are sending gifts like to enclose them in a box ithat has a Christmassy look. Druggists not only have a call 'for the empty boxes, but customers who buy their gifts in the '■drug store are apt to be seriously disappointed if it is not „ placed in a holiday box. Many druggists make a feature of jiplacing all purchases for Christmas in a holiday box. Sue* itoxes may be obtained through the Bangor Box Co., Bangor, iMe. An assortment of 320 boxes in 27 different sizes, packed fia a corrugated case, is sold at S9.50 per case. These boxes icome assorted in two styles of holiday paper. This assortment lis designed especially for stores desiring a large assortment of nixes in small quantities. Other assortments are shown in the company's literature. Corks and Your Reputation as a Ph.G. f From the .Xrmstrong Cork Co., of Pittsburg, the Era has 'received a leaflet entitled "Expanding the Prestige of Your ■ph.G." The point of the text in it is to the effect the phar- macist's "reputation as a Ph.G. with the average individual, depends ratlier on tlie appearance than on the ingredients of a prescription, because he has little else to go by." Crystal-clear bottles; neat, legible labels and high grade corks are three things which go to make the appearance of liquid prescriptions professional in apiiearance. A New Sanatogen Cut-Out The Bauer Chemical Co., New York City, manufacturers of "Sanatogen," has augmented the window display service which is supplied free of cost to the dealer, by a new cut-out, one which, it is asserted, is sure to catch the eye and arrest the attention of the "man in the street." Taking advantage of this feature will tend, as the company points out, to give the drug- gist the full benefit of the Sanatogen publicity carried in maga- zines, weeklies and the daily press. Introduction of New Products Postponed James C. Crane, New York City, sole agent for "Elcaya" toilet preparations, announces that the addition of the two preparations to the "Elcaya" line, which it was previously in- timated would be made about the first of the past month, has been postponed indefinitely. This, Mr. Crane states, has been made necessary by an unforeseen jump of more than 500 per cent, in the cast of the raw material forming their chief com- ponent, together with the possibility that it might become un- obtainable at any price. Their introduction will be deferred until they can be produced with more certainty of continuous supply. Prescriptions Druggists May lK)ok For Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit, Mich, report that a good many prescriptions for "American Oil" and "Corpora Lutea" should find their way into the drug stores within the next few weeks. Through the medical journals, the company asserts, these preparations are being brought prominently to the attention of practitioners all over the United States. "American Oil" is described as a highly refined, chemically pure liquid petroleum and a product of high viscosity and great lubricating power, colorless, tasteless and odorless. "Corpora Lutea" is described as an ovarian extract, supplied at present in powder form and in capsules, and as widely useful in diseases and conditions peculiar to women. A Desirable Holiday Gift The Peerless Moistener Co., Chicago, has on the market a very useful office and home article called the "Peerless" Moistener. It can be used for moistening stamps, envelopes, fingers or labels, and should make a highly desirable gift. A Useful Novelty "Peter Rabbit" is a novelty that can be put to a useful purpose. It is a bunny in pink or blue coat and white trousers, having a first quality rubber hot water bottle of one pint capacity on the inside. Displayed among the regular hot water Ijottles they not only attract attention to themselves but direct the attention of customers to the regular line of hot water bottles as well. The "Peter Rabbit" hot water bottles are, of course, especially designed for children. They retail at $1.25 each. Yule Log — a Christmas Specialty A novelty that will suggest the days of Whittier's "Snow Bound" is the Yule log, manufactured by the Berkeley Company, 177 Federal street, Boston, Mass., which is described as "a clever imitation of a birch log, 4^ inches long by 2 inches in diameter, filled with a mixture which causes the log, when it is lighted, to burn brilliantly, but harmlessly." These Yule logs come packed in a red tube, bearing an appropriate holi- day illustration and verse. The logs retail for 25 cents. The Walrus Mfg. Co., Decatur, 111., reports that during the past few weeks its factory showrooms have been made lively by the presence of distributors of the Walrus product from all parts of the country, who have been going to the factory to select show pieces for their individual salesrooms, and to famil- iarize themselves with the new 1916 models now ready for distribution. The company also reports that it has closed its most successful business year, having enjoyed a larger volume of business than in any previous year. 1 450 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [October, 1915 Glass Enameled Steel Tanks for Pharmaceutical Laboratories The greatest productiveness in any line of manufacturing depends upon two factors : the employment of men skilled in scientific knowledge and the equipment and machinery where- with to work. These facts have been prominently brought to The ease with which these tanks can be cleaned makes them the most sanitary containers for liquids in bulk, and their con- struction is well adapted for the attachment of apparatxis to meet any special manufacturing requirements. The line em- braces not only storage tanks, upright and horizontal, for lab- oratories and factories, but tanks for the transportation of various liquids, tanks equipped with steam jackets or mixing apparatus, etc. In fact, there is hardly a field of manufactur- ing in which these glass enameled tanks cannot be employed. Glass enameled steel filling tanks suspended from ceiling. S.ystem used in large pharmaceutical laboratory. the forefront within the past year and have impressed them- selves upon the minds of many manufacturers in their anxiety to learn the needs of the markets of the world abandoned by the European nations in the great war. The skilled workman is now coming into his own : in tlie laboratory and factory there is being installed the machinery and equipment with which to evolve the maximum output and highest quality of product. A comparatively recent innovation into tlae laboratory of the manufacturer in various lines is the glass enameled steel tank made by the Pfaudler Company, of Rochester, N. Y. While tanks of this character have been made for years by this company in large numbers for the use of brewers, their value for use by manufacturers in other lines is becoming more and more appreciated, particularly by manufacturers of chemical and pharmaceutical preparations. The combination of the steel wall of the tank and its glass enamel lining make it the ideal container for liquids in bulk, and besides chemical and pharmaceutical preparations, it is well adapted for use in the production of beverages, canned foods, oils, varnishes, milk products, and goods in other lines. Of course glass is the ideal material for containers in which most liquids are to be stored, but from a practical standpoint, glass tanks are out of the question because they will not bear the severe strain that such containers have to undergo. But the ingenuity of the Pfaudler Company has solved this diffi- culty by using glass as an enamel on a steel shell, and thus producing a container which has all the attributes of glass for resisting the corrosiveness of liquids and their loss by evapora- tion, and the strength of steel in resistance to breakage. This combination permits the manufacture of tanks in a large number of styles and sizes to meet the needs of a wide variety of users, each tank meeting all of the conditions required to insure sanitation, resistance against corrosion and loss of liquid by evaporation. By their employment the goods made and stored in such tanks can be kept under absolutely sanitary conditions, while there is no loss by evaporation, a most important point with liquids containing alcohol or volatile spirits of any kind. These tanks are particularly recommended for use by manu- facturers of medicines, many of these being already installed by such houses as Parke, Davis & Co., the Watkins Medical Co., and other makers of pharmaceutical products, while they have found extensive employment by manufactvircrs in other lines for the storage of wine, perfume, soap, tooth paste, spring water, beer, soft drinks, etc. Most of the manufacturers who have installed the Pfaudler tanks have been influenced to do so by the recognition of the absolute impermeability of the tanks, thus guarding against all evaporation of alcohol content or any absorption of spirits as in the case of wooden containers. What a Druggist Should Know About Cameras (Continued from page 434) sable, and there are others which are merely convenient for certain purposes once in a while, and right here is where your own buying judgment must come into play. A specialty might appeal to you as being a very convenient article to have, and fall utterly flat when you try to sell it in large quantities. So be cautious in buying anything that does not take a picture or that does not print, develop, fix or tone a picture after it is taken. Have a good live man in back of your counter who can do more than merely reach up to the shelf behind him and take down what a customer asks for; let him take out a camera whenever you can spare him, and find out for your- self why such and such a type is more popular than another. See that he has sufficient knowledge of photography to tell customers where their pictures are defective, or what they can do to make better pictures. And if you can get a hold of a good live amateur who LOVES photography, and who has the necessary selling ability, encourage him by all means in your power. In any event, tr>' and have your man know a little more than the man on the other side of the counter, and if he has the proper personality, he will increase your photographic business by leaps and bounds. Must Create Your Own Sales | And by-the-way, just rid yourself of two ideas which you might now probably possess — that selling cameras is the same as selling a new and popular razor, and that photography is a "side line"; because both ideas are wrong. No matter how popular your photographic product is. you simply have to create your own sales in order to make your department pay, and there never was a side line yet which could be planted like a nnishroom and spring up over night in full and profitable bloom. You can probably "plant" it all right, but you will plant it so deep most people will think it is buried In conclusion. I wish to heartily endorse the policy of the new photographic section in this magazine as outlined to me by the editors. I believe the contributions to it will be of the greatest value to the druggist, individually and collectively, and that it will create a better knowledge of photographic selling conditions that will prove most bene- ficial to him in every respect. October. 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 451 STATE BOARD EXAMINATIONS DELAWARE ' At the July meeting of the Delaware Board of Pharmacy the fol- lowing successfully passed the examination and were granted cer- titicates: ' Pharmacists: Raymond C. Jones, Wilmington; Harry E. Culver, Middletown; Charles R. Huston, Seaford; Giovanni Gallo, Everett, Mass. Assistant Pharmacists: Harold Fountain, Dover. Eriiman Hoffman has been appointed a member of the board by pyright, 1915, by D. O. Haynes & Co. All rights reserved. Title Registered in the United Spates Patent Office. Table of Contents •ITORI.\LS AND VHAICStACEVTICXLS Pages 455-478 l^itorials 455-456 The Story of Quinine 457.459 iDrug Jobbers Will Obey Goldwater Ordinance 460 Big Drug Merger Now Up to Stockholders 461-462 Drug Store Lighting a Vital Factor 463-464 Building a Retail Drug Business by Mail 465-466 Women in Pharmacy 457.458 A.Ph..\. Report on Proprietaries 469-473 I Plans for Christmas Trade 474 i<3uestion Box " 475.475 Foreign Abstracts ' ' ] 477-473 ;;ws AXD Tr.\df, Sectton ■ Cameras and Photo Supplies 479.48O [Pharmaceutical Personals 481-482 i Deaths in the Drug Trade 483-484 [ N. W. D. .\. Convention Report 485-489 '.News of the A.Ph.A. Branches 491.492 ! Colleges and Schools of Pharmacy 493-494 ■Patents and Trademarks 497.493 I Era Course in Pharmacy 493 i^f ^l^'^'"^, ' 499-500 I Books Reviewed jqj I DEX TO ADVERTISERS.... Page 26 { DEX TO GOODS ADVERTISED Pages 27-28-^9 fDEX TO READING PAGES Page S02 PREPARING FOR THE NEW PHARMACOPOEIA From various quarters come reports that phar- macists and others are already beginning to consider methods and measures for becoming early ac- quainted with the new revision of the Pharma- copoeia, which is now expected to make its ap- pearance soon after the beginning of the coming year. These reports all foreshadow an interest in the official guide that augurs well for the drug trade as a whole, and for professional pharmacy in particular. As is to be expected, not much can be done until the book is actually placed in the hands of the seeker after pharmacopoeial knowl- edge, but plans can be discussed and a direction of effort be indicated that will tend to favor a comprehension of the new requirements within the shortest possible time limit. It is presumed that the Committee of Revision will allow a reasonable length of time to elapse after the publication of the Pharmacopoeia before the requirements stated therein will become official, for considerable time is needed for any one, how- ever complete his pharmaceutical training may be, to acquire a working knowledge of all of the new standards, definitions, etc., that the new book will contain. As a textbook the Pharmacopoeia can be made to fit into the average college of pharmacy curriculum without very much trouble, and stu- dents will very naturally follow the work laid out for them by their teachers in the classroom and laboratory. But it will not be so easy for the prac- ticing druggist and the manufacturer who have financial interests at .stake in that their stocks must conform to the standards laid down in the Phar- macopoeia, while they will have less time to devote to study than the student who has nothing else to tvoiil)l(. liitn. It is therefore refreshing to learn that some col- leges of pharmacy already have under way plans to help the retail druggist in this particular direc- tion. This idea was well stated by Dr. Joseph Wemstein m an article on the educational problem ot the Pliarmacopoeia, which was published in last month s Kra, in which he said that the schools of pharinncy should throw their doors wide open for all those who desire to get information on every- thing pertaining to the pharmacopoeia, without any preliminary qualifications and at hours convenient for the retail druggist. Such assistance cannot but be helpful to all, but the druggist must also do his 456 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [N0\^MBEK, 191 part and his neglect to do so entails upon him the penalties attached to sins of omission and commis- sion. His knowledge must be first-hand and for this purpose he should study the Pharmacopoeia for himself, the introductory notes, the historical introduction, the tests, tables, etc., and their rela- tion to the standards and definitions of drugs and chemicals in general, but also should he study to apply such knowledge to his business. The new Pharmacopoeia will be intimately connected with the development of pharmacy for some years to come and an early acquaintance with that work is imperative if one is to keep up with the pro- cession. TREND OF PATENT MEDICINE LEGISLATION Pharmacists who have studied the trend of pres- ent day legislation have quite generally come to the conclusion that the average proprietary medi- cine is a proper subject for Governmental regula- tion, and although possibly the time may not yet be ripe for such control, enactments of some kind are sure to come. The present status of proprietary medicines and the claims made for them by their manufacturers are very thoroughly discussed in the report presented by the Commission on Proprietary Medicines of the A.Ph.A. at the last meeting of that organization, the concluding portion of this valuable study appearing in this issue of the Era. When some of the points raised in this report are placed in juxtaposition with those which are claimed to be the objective of the Goldwater ordinance of New York City, the conclusion that some kind of Federal regulation is desirable becomes more appar- ent. The action of the eleven wholesale druggists in notifying the Commissioner of Health that they intend to comply with the New York ordinance accords with this view, for they frankly state that they favor a Federal law. Of course, it is expected that the Proprietary Association will oppose most of the proposed legislation of this character, as they say they will defend the first druggist, retail or wholesale, arrested by the New York Department of Health for violating its ordinance, but such opposition, while it may have some claims for recog- nition, will never stop the gathering sentiment that regulation of a National character is needed. How the proprietary manufacturers will meet the situation in New York City since the Avholesalers have decided to comply with the Goldwater ordi- nance is problematical. They may withdraw their products entirely from this market, they may sell here by mail from other states, or they may do as some of them have already done, take the proper steps to comply with the ordinance. Many pro- prietors have elected to print tlio nanios of the ac- tive ingredients on the labels ratlier than to file their formulas with the Deiiartmont of lieaitii. an ad hni w lii, h. if we are correctly informed,will be as s;)li I'h iMiy 10 the health authorities as the actual re^'is( ration, for, it is asserted, the latter only wish to protect the public by keeping it informed as to the basis for the claims for remedial properties which these medicines set forth. The further eon- cession obtamed by the wholesale druggists of New York that the Department of Health will contina to permit druggists to sell all the proprietaries the; may have had in stock prior to December 31, pre vided such remedies are so stamped, would seen to indicate that the authorities are willing to mee the issues in a conciliatory manner, an action whie! solves a problem that has greatly perturbed th local trade since the ordinance was first proposed The regulation of proprietary medicines, if w must have measures of this kind, is a proper sut ject for Federal consideration, and pharmacist will do well to familiarize themselves with the fuc damental points set forth in the A.Ph.A. Commii sion 's report. As there stated, far too many allege' reforms consist merely in the substitution of a se of new evils for an old one, and it is later not in frequently discovered that the exchange has bee: unprofitable. Legislation is undoubtedly needed but it must be of a character that will not lead t conditions worse than those sought to be cured. MANUFACTURE OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE The announcement recently made in variou newspapers that certain Chicago chemists had lu upon a satisfactory process for the commereic production of barium peroxide, is of interest t the drug trade generally, as this compound is th starting point for practically all of the hydroge peroxide sold by druggists in this country. Unt the beginning of the European war, the bariui peroxide used here came principallj^ from t^v sources, England and Germany, that from Englan' being generally considered of a little better qualin most of the brands running about 90 or 92 per ctr of absolute peroxide. Since the outbreak of the war, however, the war of this basic material has been felt, and the trac has faced a growing deficiency of the solution ( hydrogen peroxide made therefrom, the price ( the latter product having advanced eonsiderabl over that which obtained a year or so ago. Ho- much credence can be attached to this report r< mains to be seen, but the mere announcement tlu work has been done in this direction serves to en phasize the old adage that "necessity is the motlie of invention," and that American chemists are <• resourceful as those of any other country when tlif are forced to rely upon their own efforts. THE CHAIN STORE MERGER Independent retail druggists made the success < the United Drug Company possible. Now that rl United Drug Company may become the bigcre drug merchandising s:\'stem in the world and the greatest competitor many independent retail dru) gists are naturally askinc, "How is this going affect me?" With the consent of the stockholders of tl Riker & Hegeman Company, the Louis K. Li^e Company and the United Drug Company the mm talked-of merger will take place probably bel'o: the end of this year. The United Dnig Company was started as a c operative organization of retail druggists. Will r.ow become a brickbat with which to slay them T The Story of Quinine Present Rise in Prices Recalls Inter- esting History of the Cinchona Bark Photos by Brown Bros. inrh'rin A large grove of cinchona trees in Java rHE present advance in the price of quinine serves to recall the American experience during the Civil War when the Federal Government was compelled to pay $5 an ounce •r the febrifuge, or indeed any price that was demanded, and ;C Confederate Government could get ver>- little at any price. is true that not all of the conditions which served to bring Dout that advance are duplicated at the pres- et time, but the market for quinine lacks none ■ the spectacular features which served to Ivance prices in that critical period and which ■e now characteristic of a world-wide scarcit> drugs. Quinine, as every pharmacist knows, "is an •kaloid obtained from the various species of inchona", the name "quinine", however, be- g popularly applied to quinine sulphate. The *asons for the shortage of this product at particular time are not hard to discover, fhe shipments of cinchona bark from Java ive materially diminished, while the cutting T of the output of the large German factories, »hich formerly produced some 7,000,000 ounces quinine annually, as also an increased con- unption in quinine in consequence of a short- ^ of synthetic antipyretics, are examples of e influences which have been operating and ive contributed to the present advance. Man's Adaptation of Plant World >)The present position and production of cin- ^ona bark is only one of the manifestations man's adaptation of the plant world to his pticular uses. Formerly the native barks of ,c cinchona in the forests along the Andes ere the only source of the alkaloid. The belt . which the tree was found in abundance wjis ■»ut 100 miles wide by about 2.000 miles long, rtending through Venezuela, New Granada, cuador, Peru and Bolivia. In the equable id rather cool climate of that region were dis- ivered many species, their individual char- ^teistics differing perhaps by limitations of titudes and climatic conditions, but all pro- idng quinine, an "active principle" to which great medicinal value was ascribed. As early as 1640, under the name of "Peruvian bark", this product of the Andean region was introduced into Europe, but it was not until the year 1737 that the tree producing it was known to naturalists. A short time later Linne proposed the name "cinchona" for the bark, in honor of the Countess Ana of Chincon, wife of the Spanish Cutting down cinchona trees on the Island of Java. age four fifty-seven 1 458 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [N0\^MBER, 191.: The richest quinine trees in the world — over 12 per cent viceroy of Peru who, it is claimed, first brought the knowledge of the bark to Europe. There is no doubt but that much of the early history is obscured by the legendary tendency of that period, but there is considerable to support the contention that the countess was such an enthusiastic advocate of the medicine that she administered it with uniform success to her dependents and others in Lima, and that on her return to Spain in 1640, she exerted herself to make it known there. Once Known as "Jesuit's Bark" The Jesuits also were early active in propagating the use of cinchona bark as a remedy for "fever," and history records that these fathers of the church administered it all over Europe, long endeavoring to keep it as a secret medicine, supplying it only in powder so that it might be more difficult to identify. As "Jesuit's bark" the drug became widely known, a synonym which is yet carried by many works on modern medicine. For more than a century after Peruvian bark came into use, it was procured almost exclusively from the neighborhood of Loxa, ntiw within the borders of Peru, from which it was shii)i)('(l ( liii :it Payta, and thence carried to Spain, w-here it was ili-ii il>ulC(J to the European world. Other species were found, the barks of which also found their way ini'> lln ii ii- qm the bark of these trees to the establishment of cinchona gardens in Java. The success of his venture was not great, as but few of his trees survived the voyage, while those grown from the seed he was able to plant in Java were of no value as producers of quinine. The experi- ments were continued for a number of years, but it remained for Charles Ledger, an Englishman, to pro- ure some of the seeds, which he sold to the Dutch Government, and which, when planted in Java pro- duced some 20,000 trees, a large number of which are still standing, as shown in the accompanying il- lustration. This was in 1866, and to the variety of cinchona raised from these seeds was given the name C. Ledgeriana, a botanical name that is carried in the pharmacopoeial de- scription of the drug. This variety of cin- chona was later intro- duced into India. To Ledger more than to any man, it has been ket, and their tempt of any varieties .iitr solvr.^ dent i Thc> planting m so conservai trees wwc ■ Tbers became so numerous as an expert to properly classil ,M,nnMM,, Tl.nvrvrr, tins 11 c ol those destroyed. Even miboldt has stated that 25,000 ingle year. It i H I me the man who first sug- gest< iiuhona as a means to repair this c! 1< .ylc advocated the introduction of cintlion.i into India. In 1S'I3 La Condamine made the first attempt to transport plants to Europe, his collection, however, being lost at sea. In 1852 the Dutch Government sent a botanist named Hasskarl to South America as a preliminary said, "the world is indebted for cheap quinine, and out of whose adventurous services the Dutch nation has made millions in its Java dependency." Supply Comes from Java At the present time quinine produced from uncultivated bark is almost unknown to commerce, the greater proportion of the entire supply coming from Java. Centering around Bandoeng, a tow-n about eight hours ride from the port of Batavia, the plantations extend in some directions for many miles. The tree is harvestable at six years. The cinchona seed is planted in what is known as the "nursery," which is merely a leaf shelter to keep off tlie rays of the burning sun. Grafting the Ledger variety onto the succirubra variety is ex- tensively practiced, for the reason tliat the first-named varietj- docs not grow so well in the soil, while the red bark flourishes, although it does not contain much quinine. The "tree" is then transplanted, the ground about the trees being cultivated so as to allow the rains to penetrate the soil to a great depth about the roots. When about six years old, tlie bark is ready to be harvested, i. e., cut down, when it is divested of the bark, a new tree being planted nearby, thus making the process con- tinu lis It is -liil ;I It the new trees develop nearly as soon -tain and are much richer in quinine naking it more profitable to follow 11 t ■ ^11,' the trees while they stand and cover nioss, as was formerly done, i. is then beaten off the tree, largely by native women. i> t; Slaving been cut into short lengths for the purpose, while the wood stripped of the bark is dried and used to heat the ovens in which the bark is dried. The drying, however, is largely done in the sun before it is put into the ovens, whiU most of the bark for pharmaceutical purposes is entirely dried in the sun. When thoroughly dried, the bark is roughly ground packed tightly in bags of 100 kilos each, most of it going to Amsterdam. A certain proportion of the bark, however, i.<; utilized for the manufacture of quinine in the Govemnien; factory at Bandoeng, this quantity varying somewhat in the different years since the establishment of the enterprise. )VEMBER, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 459 tark Sold on Chemical Analysis vVhile most of the ;a bark is sold ough Amsterdam, ; barks from India, ylon and South lerica reach the isumer through Tidon. .-Vs has been quently described, ,nufacturers' bark sold, without re- el to its physical .racters or place of gin, entirely by its rmical analysis, tlie /er in London bc- fumished with •nples of the differ- lots of the bark I ffi c i e n 1 1 y long "Ugh before the ':tion to make his 'i analysis, while • Amsterdam the /centage of quinine phate in any lot is •en in the catalogue ■•l often tagged up- , the bale. In Lon- lots are sold by >■ pound; in Am- i-dam by the kilo- mme. Dealers inilate the price by • quinine value of sample. The sen ed unit of price is. in England, - price paid per pound, divided by the percentage of quinine •the bark bought, the quotient being in terms of English ney, while in Amsterdam the Dutch unit is calculated in imilar manner, but in Dutch cents and in decimal weights. t is difficult to estimate correctly the amount of quinine duced in any country, since some of the cinchona imported .vorked up into preparations other than for the manufacture , quinine. According to the Pharmacopoeia, the dried bark ,the various species should yield not less than 5 per cent f;otal anhydrous cinchona alkaloids, and at least 4 per cent ^ anhydrous ether -soluble alkaloids when assayed by the _-:ial process. Red cinchona bark, according to the British sjrmacopoeia, should yield between 5 and 6 per cent of 11 alkaloids, of which not less than half should consist quinine and cinchonidine. Other constituents are cin- ninc, quinidine, hydrocinchonidine, hydroquinine, quinicand ■ -nic acids, a bitter amorphorous glucoside, starch and \alate. Good Ledger bark yields from 6 to 7 per al alkaloids, and from 3 to 5 per cent of quinine, i'-a of the consumption may be gathered from the >1 imports for the last fiscal year, the amount of : '.phate and all alkaloids and salts derived from tlie ' . I 1,829,732 ounces, valued at $452,348, as compared 1 2,897,466 ounces, valued at $624,125 for the previous year, the same period there were imported 3,944,549 pounds of hona and other barks from which quinine may be extracted, led at 5561,106, as against 3,648,868 pounds, valued at 1,412. The world's production of quinine is probably not from 17,000,000 ounces, of which Germany is the largest ^ufacturer. The Agreement with European Makers -Inch has been said about the agreement between Java hona bark growers and European quinine makers. This :einent was made in July, 1913. and since that time has 1 steadfastly maintained. The first allotment in July, 1914. . place in the normal way, one-tenth part of the contracted ily quantity being purchased from the cinchona planters the quinine makers. Then the war broke out, and the .ers were unable to purchase the agreed quantity of quinine A cinchona nursery belonging to the Dutch Government on the Island of Java in the bark on account of many circumstances, such as the impossibility of transmitting samples and bark, the prohibition of exportation of quinine from Germany, the impossibility of obtaining the required chemicals in some countries, and the impossibility of selling quinine except for immediate use. The first allotment after the outbreak of the war on August 27, 1914, did not take place, and in the following allotments, the makers could only buy a part of the quantity they had agreed to take. This uncertainty brought the agreement into serious danger, but compromise measures were effected between the growers and quinine makers, the makers binding them- selves to buy as much bark as corresponds to the quantity of quinine they hoped to sell during the period of the war, so that the stocks of bark will be about the same as the stocks- they had at the beginning of the war. According to the last report, under this special agreement, the makers gave up their right of annulling the contract, in case their sales should not amount to 400,000 kilos of quinine sulphate per year. The Bandoeng factory declared itself will- ing to buy the total quantity that was allotted to it for the second year of the contract, and even more; in fact, as much as the capacity of the factory would allow. The July allot- ment, as shown in an epitome of the annual report for 1914, took place in the ordinary way ; on August 28 nothing was sold in Amsterdam and 1914 kilos in Bandoeng; on October 1, 1,522 kilos were sold in Amsterdam and 4,393 kilos in Bandoeng; on November 4, 31,193 kilos in Amsterdam and 6,983 kilos in Bandoeng; on December 11, 39,316 kilos in Amsterdam and 6,983 kilos in Bandoeng, the factory at the latter place purchasing altogether the equivalent of 9,491 kilos of quinine sulphate. The Output from India The total output of the India plantations is somewhat dif- ficult to estimate, but a recent report published in the London Chemist & Druggist, states that the actual yield from the Gov- ernment cinchona plantations in Madras during 191415 was 349,451 pounds, or 91,286 pounds less than in the previous year. The total amount of bark worked up was 683,054- (Concluded on page 498) 460 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [November, 1915 Drug Jobbers Will Obey Goldwater Ordinance Letter Sent to Department of Health Declares None But Reg-istered Proprietaries Will Be Handled — — Also Notify the Proprietors In a letter to Dr. S. S. Goldwater, Commis- sioner of Health, eleven large New York whole- sale drug firms and dealers in proprietary medi- cines signified their intention of complying with section 117 of the sanitary code of the Board of Health of New York City which permits the sell- ing only of registered patent and proprietary ar- ticles. The wholesalers also expressed themselves as favoring a Federal law regulating the sale of patent and proprietary articles. The letter fol- lows : "New York, October 16, 1915. "Dr. S. S. Goldwater, "Commissioner oj Health. "Dear Doctor Goldwater: The undersigned whole- sale druggists and dealers in proprietary medicines have signified their intention of complying with Sec- tion 117 of the ordinances of the Board of Health of New York City in regard to the selling 07ily of regis- tered patent and proprietary articles. "We also desire to go on record as favoring a Fed- eral law regulating the sale of patent and proprietary articles, for the same reasons which brought about the passing of the above mentioned local ordinance. "We are, very respectfully yours, (Signed) Bakst Brothers, Lehn & Fink, Britt, Loeffler & Weil, C. S. Littell & Co., Bruen, Ritchey & Co., Matz & Cohen, Eimer & Amend, McKesson & Robbins, Henry Klein & Co., Schieffelin & Co., Towns & James. This action on the part of the wholesalers in voluntarily endorsing the section of the sanitary code which forbids the sale, after December 31, of proprietary and patent medicines, unless the names of the active medicinal ingredients of such medicines are registered with the department of health, has been characterized by the department as "a public spirited act for which they deserve the thanks of the community." The health department also promises that Federal legislation on this subject will not be long in coming. Federal Law Anticipated That wholesalers evidently anticipate such action is evi- denced by a letter which they have sent out to manufacturers of patent medicines. The letter reads as follows: "The undersigned wholesale druggists and dealers in proprietary medicines are confronted by the neces- sity of having their stock of these goods in condition to comply with the terms of Section 117 of the ordi- nance of the Board of Health of New York City, taking effect December 31. "It Ls our purpose to comply with the ordinance, 'and we ask all manufacturers to make their articles legally salable, as we decline to place ourselves in a position to invite prosecution. "We call your attention to the fact that the regula- tions do not require the disclosure of the roiii]ilcte formula and percentage composition, bin iiunly a statement of active ingredients. .\s I'.dir.il legis- lation of a similar nature seems In be ini|H iiding, compliance with these new k i|uir( iiient^ v( em^ \,< Uc more urgent in order In make your inoiluil.s s.il.ible in all parts of the country." The ordinance to which the wholesalers have now agreed to comply caused considerable opposition in all lines of the drug trade when it was first proposed by Commissioner Gold- water. It is understood that a hirge number of retailers and manufacturers are now strongly opposed to it and that ar- rangements are being made by several organizations to carry the first case which comes up into the highest courts to test the constitutionality of the law. Wholesalers Conferred on Ordinances Edward Plaut, of Lehn & Fink, advises ihi.s publication that the action of the drug jobbers is the result of a serit.s of conferences held between Commissioner Goldwater and a committee representing the jobbers which consisted of Mr Plaut and Dr. William Jay Schieffelin of Schieffelin & Co, "Before taking any action," said Mr. Plaut. ■ v.e communi- cated with the Proprietary Association of .\inerira to ascer- tain what would be done by the proprietf)rs when the ncv. ordinance becomes effective, W'c were advised that the pro- prietors intend to defend the first druggist, retail or whole- sale, arrested by the Department of Health for the purpose o: making a test case, but as this does not seem likely to afforc immunity from arrest for the majority of wholesale and re- tail druggists we decided that some action was necessary tt protect ourselves and our retail customers. "Dr. Schieffelin and myself talked with Dr. Goldwater anc found that it is not his intention, as has been reported. t( crowd all patent medicines out of New York, but that he i.- only after certain ones which are alleged to be frauds. Dr. Goldwater Makes a Concession "As a result of the conference between the wholesale drug- gists and Dr. Goldwater it was decided that the wholesalers, after December 31, ne.xt, will not handle for distribution in New York any proprietary article which does not conform to the Department of Health ordinance. The law provides that all articles advertised as having remedial properties must be registered with the Department of Health and their formulas filed with the Department unless the names and quantities of the active remedial agents are printed on the labels which accompany the medicine. "On or about December 31 the Department of Health will send representatives to every drug store and wholesale drug house in Greater New York and every proprietary article on hand at that time will be stamped in stock prior to Decem- ber 31, 1915,' and the druggist will he [lermitted to sell sucli articles, whether they comply with the law or not, until his supply is exhausted. This concession was obtained by the wholesale druggists' committee and it solves a problem which has greatly disturbed the trade. Preparing List of Registered Articles The Department of Health is now pK iMi ins: .t list, which will soon be published giving tlie nan ~ ' : iMprietary articles which have been registered. It ' it many proprietors will decide to print the aen ~ nn tlieir labels rather than register their prodiu - i. - lists will be furnished frnni time lo time to retail druggists so that they be k'ein fulb intoiin. d as to the the articles which jnay ba safely handled. Tlie Department of Health met on Tuesday and made sev- eral sliulit ihant;cs in the regulations pertaining to the ne-A' ordinaiue in older to clear up some misunderstandings tlr.it have arisen. DYES liTEEDED IN HOLLAND Reports from Holland indicate that the^jlye manufacturers of tliat country are having difficulty in getting sufficient m.a terials to carry on their business. It is said that Germany is not living up to her agreement with Hoiiand to furnish seventy-five per cent of the coal tar dyes required in tla countrv. FRANCE REQUISITIONS ALCOHOL 0\Ving to the requisition of alcohol by the military author- ities of France, the pharmacists of that countn.- have been required to file an application for the amount thev will need in advance each month. Uses Chaplin Statues to Advertise Sales The Mayes-Butcher Pharmacy, of Paris. Tex,, during a recent sale advertised to give away a Charlie Chaplin statue free witli each package of tooUi paste and a tooth brush which thev .sold at their special offer of 50c, November, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 461 PROMINENT EXECUTIVES OF BIG DRUG CONCERNS WHICH MAY MERGE Louis K. Liggett President United Drug Co. George M. Gales V.-Pres. and Gen. Mgr. United Drug Co. John Allys Pres. Riker & Hegeman Co. R. B. Wattley Treas. Riker & Hegeman Co. Big Drug Merger Now Up to Stockholders THE chief topic of conversation throughout the retail drug trade for the last month has been the proposed merger be- tween the Riker & Hegeman Company and the United Drug Company with the Liggett stores. Up to the time of going to press negotiations had progressed to the point where the merger had been approved by the directors of both companies and the transaction now awaits only the approval of the stockholders. A meeting of tlie stockholders of the Riker & Hegeman Company has been called for December 6, while the holders of shares in the United Drug Company will be asked to give their approval to the acquisition of the Riker chain at about the same time. Details Not Made Public Just what effect this merger — if it is approved — will have upon the retail drug business in general, and upon the many retail druggists who hold stock in the two companies in par- ticular, is causing much speculation in the trade. Although complete plans for the details of tJie merger have been approved by the leaders of both sides no information as to what the plans involve has yet been made public. It is not known whether a new company will be formed or what capital such a company would have. The control of the Riker & Hegeman Company lies with George J. Whelan through his interests in the Corporation of Riker & Hegeman Stock, which controls the common- stock of the Riker & Hegeman Company. It is said that the ar- rangements agreed upon between Mr. Whelan and Louis K. Liggett, head of the United Drug Company, calls for an exchange of stock on the basis of $100 in common and $45 in second preferred 6 per cent stock of the United for each $100 share of the common stock of the Riker & Hegeman Company. The Corporation of Riker & Hegeman Stock was organized in Delaware in 1913 as a holding company and has an author- . ized capital of $5,000,000. This company, which is controlled by the Whelan interests, holds $4,434,380 of the $8,469,620 common stock of the Riker & Hegeman Company. It is these shares which the Liggett interests will acquire in the pro- posed deal. Owners of Riker & Hegeman preferred stock will receive $100 of 7 per cent United Drug Company first pre- ferred stock for each $100 of Riker & Hegeman stock. The Riker & Hegeman preferred stock pays 6 per cent dividends yearly so the exchange will be for the benefit of the stockhold- ers. At present the Riker & Hegeman common stock pays 6 per cent while the United Drug common pays a dividend of 8 per cent. $20,000,000 United Drug Capital The United Drug Company has an authorized capitaliza- tion of $20,000,000, of which amount $10,000,000 is in com- mon and $10,000,000 in 7 per cent cumulative preferred. Of this $4,683,600 of the common and $2,773,950 of the pre- ferred is outstanding. The par value of the preferred stock is $50 and of the common $100. The preferred stock has no voting power. In 1913-1914 the reported sales of merchan- dise from the factories of the company amounted to $5,490,610, The Louis K. Liggett Company, which is controlled by James C. Brady, V.-Pres. United Drug Co. Henry R. Andrews, Secy. L. K. Liggett Co. Charles E. Murnan Secy, and V.-Pres. United Drug Co. WixLiAM C. Watts Treas. L. K. Liggett Co. 462 THE PHAKMACEUTICAL ERA [November, 1915 J. Norman Staples, Jr. V.-Pres. United Drug Co. Louis I. Schreiner V.-Pres. United Drug Co. James C. McCormick Treas. United Drug Co. Fred L. Tompkixs V.-Pres. L. K. Liggett Co. the United Drug Company, is incorporated with an authorized capital stock of $3,000,000 and $2,980,000 of 7 per cent cumulative pre- ferred. The value of the preferred is $60. The Riker & Hegeman Company is incor- porated with an authorized capitalization of $15,000,000 of which $10,000,000 is in com- mon stock and $5,000,000 in 6 per cent cumu- lative preferred. Of these amounts, $8,469,- 620 of the common and $2,147,400 of the preferred is outstanding. The par value of the stock in this company was reduced from $100 to $5 on October 22, 1914. The Riker Drug Company, a subsidiary company, has an authorized capitalization of $2,500,000. It is understood that the proposed transfer of stock includes only the shares of the Corporation for Riker & Hegeman Stock, which holds the controlling interest in the common stock of the Riker & Hegeman Company, and involves the change of ownership in ninety stores. Many Changes Not Contemplated It is not yet known whether the merger will involve a change in the character of the stores of one or both of the firms or whether tliey will remain practically the same as at present. Another important question is whether the Riker stores will be allowed to handle the Rexall goods. H. S. Collins, vice-president of the Riker & Hegeman Co., said that he did not believe the reorganization would include any important changes in the methods' or personnel of either company. "Undoubtedly the good points of both systems will be incorporated in a plan of management for the united stores," said Mr. Collins. "There is no doubt but that the stockholders of the Riker company will ratify the work of the committee which arranged the plans, for many of the largest stockholders have already signified that they believe the con- solidation will be for their benefit." There has been some speculation in drug circles as to who will be president and active head of the reorganized United Drug Co. Louis K. Liggett, it is said, will not accept the posi- tion, and the names of three other men have been promi- nently mentioned, these being John Allys, president of the Riker & Hegeman Co., R. B. Wattley, treasurer of the same company, and George M. Gales, who is Mr. Liggettt's general manager and right-hand man. Fred S. Rogers Director United Drug Co Mr. Allys started with the Riker syndicate seventeen years ago and his rise in the service of the company has been steady. He is a native of Marlboro, !Mass., and went to Bos- ton as a clerk in Jaynes drug stores, under the personal direction of the late C. P. Jaynes. He was promoted to manager, then buyer, then general manager, and finally to president of the company. G;orge ]SI. Gales was formerly president of the National Cigar Stands Company and when he joined the Liggett interests he applied his excellent business training to the selling of drugs with marvelous success. Mr. Wattley, as has already been said, received his start with the United Cigar Stores Company under the direction of Mr. Whelan. It is under- stood that George J. Whelan will retire from active interest in the drug business when the present deal is concluded, and will devote his energies to pushing the profit-sharing coupons. He has never held office in the Riker & Hege- man Company though one of its stockholders. The Riker Auditing System R. B. Wattley, treasurer of the Riker & Hegeman Co., for- merly held the same position with the LTnited Cigar Stores Co. He has installed the much talked-of auditing system for the Riker stores, which has made it possible to keep a com- plete and accurate inventory of nearly 100,000 items, this in- ventory being revised every 60 days. The 1,000 stores of the United Cigar Stores Co. are operated on this auditing system, and although the drug business embraces many times tlie num- ber of items it has worked with equal success for the Riker stores. It is said that the Riker system works directly the oppo- site of that used in the Liggett stores. A salesman or a soda fountain manager in a Riker store knows nothing but selling prices. He need not concern himself with costs or profits. These have been standardized, the same system applying to all the stores. In the Liggett stores, the Era is informed, each department manager knows the cost of his goods, the expense of conducting his department and must figure his selling prices to make a proper per cent of profit. In that way the indi- vidual figures more important than in the Riker system. GERMAN APOTHECARIES' SOCIETY MEETS The regular monthly meetings of the German Apothecaries' Society were resumed on October 7 when President Robert Lehman called the members together at the society head- quarters, 192-194 Third avenue. Dr. Julius Hoffman was the speaker of the evening and •delivered an interesting address on "Life, Love and Monism." The president announced the death of the following mem- bers during the summer months; Karl Aschenbrand, F. Casse- becr, John Roemer, and C. F. Lord. Attention was also called to the death of Albert Plaut. Prof. Otto Raubenheimer, chairman of the scientific commit- tee, reported that the new Pharmacopoeia and Formulary would be ready for distribution about January 1. 1916. The librarian of the society reported that the German periodicals were arriving irregularly, and in some cases, not at all. The meeting adjourned after President Lehman reported the convention of the American Pharmaceutical .\ssociation at San Francisco. Drug Store Lighting a Vital Factor Success of Merchandising To-Day Depends To No Small Extent On a Bright Exterior and Interior Illumination By JOHN A. RANDOLPH Copyright, 1915, by D. O. Hayncs & Co. T^HE lighting of a drug store is a most vital factor in suc- I cessful selling. Good light promotes efticiency in the p" workers and displays the store at its best to the patrons. I Poor lighting has the opposite effects. Eye strain brings itigue. .\ tired salesman does not give proper animation to is selling arguments. Furthermore, poor illumination pro- duces negative Sects on the atrons. The lighting '/stem of a •harmacy should timish illumina- on that is ade- uate, uniform •,nd pleasing to . orkers and pa- .■ons alike with iminimum waste I installation, •Deration and (iaintenance. A salient ef- •ct observed in le .illumination ■ drug stores is le exposure of sources to le eye. The ef- ct is a dazzling nsation decid- lly unpleasant iid disconcert- 1 g. The sources ! lould be con- ! aled from the t-ect vision. The I luminal ion f,iould be such ,.at attention is tracted to the tides on sale id not to the ;hts. Sometimes 'iting systems e installed in ch a mann' r '■at efficiency N •crificed f o r Momy in opcr- on and main- 'lance. Con- I'.sts and shad- 's result which ; decidedly ob- :tionable. To eliminate ■ disadvantages exposed light irces, glare, idows, con- sts and dimness, it is necessary to regulate the distribu- n of the light by means of reflection and diffusion. Electricity is Generally Preferred Electricity for lighting, is generally preferred to other ms of illumination. Electric lights are more intense than ler types and occupy less space for an illumination of a 'en intensity. Electric incandescents constitute the form electric light most widely used in drug stores. They have tge four sixty-three of th sko'Ming indirect lighting a decided advantage over other types in that they lend them- selves readily to use with reflectors, shades, globes and the various devices necessary for diffusion or reflection. They generate but little heat, are accompanied by no flame and are not susceptible to drafts. It is impossible to pro- duce with other types many of the pleasing effects that can easily be secured with the incan- descents. Lamps of either the car- bon or tungsten variety may be used. The tung- sten type, how- ever, is much more efficient than the carbon and is therefore rapidly displac- ing the latter. I n c a ndescent lights will gener- ally meet the re- quirements of ef- ficient illumina- tion if they are properly distrib- uted and are equipped with prismatic reflec- tors which come down even with the tips of the lamps. The Problem of Shadows One of the most important factors to be con- sidered in the planning of a lighting system for a drug store is the problem of shadows. Glaring effects through too great a concen- tration must also be avoided. To e 1 i m i n ate these difficulties, there must be a proper propor- tion between the light that is thrown upward to the ceiling and that cast downward. Large emission surfaces are very One method commonly effective in bringing about this result employed to increase the surface of the emission source con- sists in the use of small globes of opalescent, frosted, pris- matic or translucent glass. Frosted lamps are also employed for this purpose. Bowl-shaped prismatic reflectors are widely used. They give a very efficient light distribution. They also cover the lamps, thus reducing the intrinsic brilliancy impinging on the eye. 464 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [November, 19] 5 Where it is desired, however, to secure the greatest possible surface of light source, large globes of diffusing glass are used to enclose the light. A reflector is often placed inside the globe. This arrangement gives very good results. It in- creases the range of distribution and reduces the intensity in the area directly beneath the lamp. Flat reflectors are in extensive use, but are being gradually eliminated from up-to-date practice. They have the serious disadvantage of exposing the light source directly to the vision and of giving an unsatisfactory distribution. Semi-Direct Lighting Systems Semi-direct lighting systems are often installed in drug stores. They consist in the use of a hemispherical shade of white translucent glass which is placed under the lamp, with the open side up. The white glass reflects part of the light upward and also allows a large proportion to be diffused downward. The light which is cast upward is reflected down- ward again from the ceiling. A very wide and uniform dis- tribution is thus obtained. Where a system of this kind is used, the ceilings should be white or nearly white in color. Systems are also used which are wholly indirect in their light distribution. With such a system the light is first thrown at a proper angle, against the ceiling from a source that is totally hidden. It is then reflected to the vari- ous parts of the room reaching them indirectly. The illumi- nation is uniformly distributed and is pleasant to the eyes. It has the advantage of keeping the light source entirely hidden from the range of vision. A feature of drug store lighting which should be given the most careful attention is the illumination of the show win- dows. Nothing attracts attention more effectively than bright, attractively arranged show window. The appearance of the front of the house is generally a good criterion of thf interior. The lighting of a show window should be bright enough to bring out every detail of the articles displayed but there should be no glare nor dazzling effects. To secure the best results, the source of light should be concealed frcn the sight of passersby. If this is impossible, shades shouk be used with lights in order that the brilliancy may be molli fled. Furthermore, it is highly important that the light b" sufficient to display the wares at their best. A method tl' large sums have been spent, would immediately be faced upon the market by a score of preparations advertised as made from the same formuh and sold at a much lower price. An example was given us of a remedy the proprietar>' rights of which were immedi- ately dc.'itroycd by disclosure of its formula. "The above would not, we are aware, be a conclusive argu- ment against this proposal if its adoption would really _ prr- tect the public against danger and fraud. We are convinced however, that such would not be the case. Any benefit resiilt- ing from exhibition of formula must obviously depend for its efficacv upon the intelligence and education of the intenc- ing purchaser. It could not in any other way afford protec- tion to the purchaser or restrict the operations of the vendor, ihcHigh incidentallv it would enable a retail chemist to offrf N0\'EMBER, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 471 the same drug or mixture made up by himself, at a lower price. But to a large majority of purchasers a statement of composition or contents on the label would afford no informa- tion whatever. The disclosure that a remedy contains or con- sists of "acetyl-salicylic acid," or "he.xametliylene-tetramine," or "phenolphthalein," or "taka-diastase," or "emplastrum plumbi," or even "acetanilid," or "potassium iodide," would be meaningless to most people; indeed, the simplest substances might acquire distinction from being described in technical chemical language — soap, for instance, a large ingredient of the most popular aperient pills, posing as "sodium oleate and stearate." And if it be rejoined that the popular name should be required to be given, the answer is obvious that many of the most important drugs, such as most of those mentioned above, have no popular name. Further, an accurate statement of contents might be in itself misleading. For example, if "phosferine" were stated to contain phosphoric acid, almost every purchaser would believe that he was getting assimilable phosphorus." "For these reasons exhibition of formula (except in the case of alcohol, poisons, and certain dangerous drugs) does not appear to us to be a proper, practical or effective measure." Eecommendations The principal points of the final recommendations of the parliamentary committee are as follows: "That the administration of the law governing the adver- tisement and sale of patent, secret and proprietary medicines and appliances be co-ordinated and combined under the author- ity of one Department of State. "That there be established at the Department concerned a register of manufacturers, proprietors and importers of patent, secret and proprietary remedies, and that every such person be required to apply for a certificate of registration and to furnish (a) the principal address of the responsible manufac- turer or representative in this country, and (b) a list of the medicine or medicines proposed to be made or imported. "That an exact and complete statement of the ingredients and the proportions of the same of every patent, secret and proprietary remedy; of the contents other than wine, and the alcoholic strength of every medicated wine, and a full statement of the therapeutic claims made or to be made ; and a specimen of every appliance for the cure of ailments other than recognized surgical appliances, to be furnished to this Department, such information not to be disclosed except as hereinafter recom- mended, the Department to control such statement, at their discretion, by analyses made confidentially by the Government Chemist. "That a special Court or Commission be constituted with power to permit or to prohibit in the public interest, or on the ground of non-compliance with the law, the sale and advertise- ment of any patent, secret or proprietary remedy or appliance, and that the commission appointed for the purpose be a judicial authority such as a Metropolitan Police Magistrate sitting with two assessors, one appointed by the Department, and the other by some such body as the London Chamber of Com- merce. "That a registration number be assigned to every remedy per- mitted to be sold, and that every bottle or package of it be required to bear the imprint 'R.N ' (with the num- ber), and that no other words referring to the registration be permitted. "That in case of a remedy the sale of which is prohibited, the proprietor or manufacturer be entitled to appeal to the High Court against the prohibition. "That the Department be empowered to require the name and proportion of any poisonous or potent drug forming an ingredient of any remedy exhibited upon the label. "That every medicated wine and every proprietary remedy containing more alcohol than that required for pharmacologi- cal purposes, be required to state upon the label the proportion of alcohol contained in it. "That the advertisement and sale (except the sale by a doctor's order) of medicines purporting to cure the follow- ing diseases be prohibited; cancer fits consumption epilepsy I hipus locomotor ataxia deafness Bright's disease diabetes rupture (without operation or paralysis appliance) "That all advertisements of remedies for diseases arising from sexual intercourse or referring to sexual weakness be prohibited. "That all advertisements likely to suggest that a medicine is an abortifacient be prohibited. "That it be a breach of the law to change the composition of a remedy without informing the Department of the pro- posed change. "That fancy names for recognized drugs be subject to regu- lation. "That the period of validity of a name used as a trade- mark for a drug be limited, as in the' case of patents and copyright-s. "That it be a breach of the law to give a false trade descrip- tion of any remedy, and that the following be a definition of a false trade description :— '.\ statement, design or device re- garding any article or preparation, or the drugs or ingredi- ents or substances contained therein, or the curative or thera- peutic effect thereof, which is false or misleading in any par- ticular.' And that the onus of proof that he had reasonable ground for belief in the truth of any statement by him regard- ing a remedy, be placed upon the manufacturer or proprietor of such remedy. "That it be a breach of the law — (a) "To enclose with one remedy printed matter recom- mending another remedy. (b) "To invite sufferers from an ailment to correspond with the vendor of a remedy. (c) "To make use of the name of a fictitious person in connection with a remedy. (But it should be within the power of the Department to permit the exemp- tion of an old established remedy from this pro- vision.) (d) "To make use of fictitious testimonials. (e) "To publish a recommendation of a secret remedy by a medical practitioner unless his or her full name, qualifications and address be given. (f) "To promise to return money paid if a cure is not effected. A Provisional Standard for Patent Medicines In view of the extended work of the A. M. A. Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry upon proprietaries addressed especi- ally to the medical profession, it is not likely that the commis- sion will greatly concern itself with this particular class of preparations, except perhaps in connection with their purely trade relations. As regards non-ethical proprietaries, or patent medicines, the commission has undertaken to formulate a set of tentative declarations setting forth certain requirements as a minimum standard which non-ethical proprietary medicines should meet in order to render them safe in the hands of the general public. It should be noted that these declarations are put forward as provisional, and that they do not necessarily represent the final opinion of the Commission as to the requirements with which this class of preparations should be expected to comply. The reasons for the adoption of some of these declarations will probably be sufficiently apparent without explanation. In the case of some others a brief review of the reasons which lead to their adoption may be of value. Fraudulent Prescription Nostrums Some ten or a dozen years ago, there appeared a class of proprietary articles, now commonly known under the title of "fraudulent prescription nostrums," which because of the cleverness with which they were advertised immediately be- came very profitable to their exploiters, and as a consequence increased in numbers until they have become a veritable plague to the drug business, both wholesale and retail. While differing in other respects, these nostrums possess the common characteristic of employing fanciful or coined names designed to conceal their proprietary character and to convey the idea that they are simple chemical compounds, or known vegetable drugs commonly found in drug stores and purchasable in small quantities. One popular forrn of advertisement for these nostrums is a pretended prescription or formula, the name of the ncstrum being cleverly introduced among a list of popularly known drugs, the combination either to be made up by the druggist or by the purchaser himself. Many of these hypocritical formulas appeal to the feminine desire for personal beauty, and are exploited as the prescrip- 472 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [November, 1915 tions of alleged medical specialists, or as used by some famous stage beauty. Chemical analyses of this particular breed of nostrums show that they are frequently composed of the most common and cheap ingredients, as table salt, baking soda, alum, borax, powdered soap, etc., tinted and scented to conceal their simple character, and usually sold at prices enormously in excess of their real value. Admitting that certain of these combinations may possess some of the cosmetic or medicinal value claimed for them, the commission is of the opinion that the plain hypocrisy of their exploitation is indefensible upon any ground of fair commercial practice, and has accordingly introduced into the list or requirements for proprietary medicines the following : Prescription Pakes, Concealment of Proprietary Character The preparation must not be named or advertised in such a way as to conceal its proprietary character and lead the purchaser to believe that it is a simple chemical or vegetable drug ordinarily purchasable in small quantities, instead of a proprietary mixture or substance. Mail Order Medicines Another class of proprietaries deserving of special mention are the products of what may be denominated as the "mail order practice of medicine." This scheme is usually worked in the name of a physician or company of physicians, operating either on their own account or in the employment of third persons, and consists in the use of newspaper advertisements or of purchased mailing lists to get into communication with prospective customers and then continuing the connection by means of mail correspondence. Pretentious symptom blanks are sent to the patient to be filled out, but no matter what the symptoms are, the case is treated by sending of one or more stock mixtures which seem to fit every case. If these ready-made mixtures were found in the stock of a drug store they would undoubtedly be denominated patent med- icines, but if they were found in either wholesale or retail drug stocks they would be subject both to Federal and to State food and drug laws, and to investigation and analysis by State food and drug departments. Masquerading as they do under the disguise of physicians' prescriptions they escape the wholesome control of these agencies, and as shown by the exposures in Nostrums and Quackery, have been the frequent instruments of fraud, and the means of disseminating habit- forming drugs. Bearing upon this method of marketing, the commission has adopted the following declaration: Methods of Marketing The preparation must be one which is regularly offered to the public through the usual trade channels, i. e., through regular wholesale and retail dealers in ready-made medicines, and thus subject to inspection by the authorities charged 'with the enforcement of state food and drug laws. Alcohol Content The purposes for which alcohol may be legitimately used in a medicinal preparation are to extract and hold the active constituents of drugs in solution in permanently active condi- tion, or to prevent fermentation, moulding, freezing or other spoilage. Whether or not an alcoholic medicine can be made to serve as a substitute for a beverage alcoholic liquor depends upon the degree and character of the medication, or upon whether or not the degree of medication is sufficiently great to render it impossible to obtain sufficient alcohol to produce the char- acteristic stimulation of that compound without taking an over- dose of the remaining constituents. This excess of alcohol in proportion to the degree of medica- tion may be the result of design with the intention of selling an alcoholic stimulant under the disg\iise of a medicine, or it may be due to the fact that the medicating substance naturally possesses such low activity that it is difficult to include suf- ficient of it in the solution to prevent the predominance of the alcoholic effect. The latter is the case with numerous un- doubtedly legitimate official preparations, such as many of the spirits, elixirs, tinctures, essences, etc., which, although the at- tempt is made to reduce their alcoholic content to the lowest degree consistent with pharmaceutical requirements, yet are capable of serving more or less perfectly as alcoholic sub- stitutes. In Tiew of the fact that alcohol is a rather expensive in- gredient to use in proprietary medicines, it may be assumed that when such remedies are issued in good faith the alcoholic percentage will be as low as the pharmaceutical requirements of the particular combination will permit. Conversely, it seems fair to assume that when the alcohol percentage of a mix- ture is far in excess of pharmaceutical requirements, it is for the express purpose of making a preparation that will serve as a substitute for beverage alcoholic liquors. In considering this question use was first made of the in- vestigations of the U. S. Commissioner of Internal Revenue in connection with the collection of the tax upon the sale of alcoholic liquors at retail, the results of which are issued from time to time in the form of printed lists of alleged med- icinal compounds which are deemed so strongly alcoholic in proportion to the degree of medication as to bring them fairly within the class of alcoholic beverages. The revenue list examined was dated June 6, 1914, and contained 287 titles of such preparations, with the names and addresses of their manufacturers. Upon comparing this list with two .of the largest whole- sale price lists of proprietary medicines, there was found after the elimination of duplicates, a total of 14 preparations named in the price lists which were also included in the revenue list. In other words, 14 preparations recognized as proprietary preparations by the publishers of price lists of such preparations are also recognized as excessively alcoholic by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. Examination of several retail drug stocks failed to show the presence of any of this class of preparations on sale, and in- quiries addressed to several wholesale druggists brought the reply that the great majority of the preparations contained in the Revenue Department circular were practically unknown to the wholesale drug trade, and that it was believed that they were mostly sold through the saloon trade or were prepa- rations of local character devised to evade local prohibitory laws, and ordinances, and not offered for sale outside of the localities in which they originated. The subject was next approached by the examination of the statements of alcoholic percentage taken from the labels of 1108 proprietary preparations issued by the leading manufac- turers of this class of goods within the United States, and believed to fairly represent the average of patent medicines handled by retail druggists. As these statements are required by the Federal Food and Drugs Act. and by similar acts in most of the states, it was believed safe to rely upon their sub- stantial correctness. While it is. of course, possible that some of these statements were not correct, it is not thought likely that there was a sufficient number of misstatements to introduce any material error into the final result Of the 1108 preparations considered, three hundred and eight, or 27.79 per cent of the total number, were stated to contain alcohol in proportions ranging from one per cent upward. A study of the proportion of alcoholic to non-alcoholic preparations recognized by the Ignited States Pharmacopoeia and National Formulan.-, yields the following: Total number of U.S.P. preparations, liquid and solid, of galenical character 427 Number of U.S.P. galenicals containing more than one per cent of alcohol 206 Per cent of U.S.P. galenicals containing alcohol 48.24 A similar study of the titles of the National Formular>', {3d edition) most of which are for preparations which care be denominated pharmaceuticals, presents the following: Total number of N.F. preparations of galenical char- acter 575 Total number of N.F. preparations containing alcohol.... 274 Per cent of N.F. preparations containing alcohol 47.65 In enumerating the U.S.P. and N.F. galenicals, definite chemical compounds, vegetable drugs, the several forms of un- medicated alcohol, unmedicated spirits, and unmedicated wines were omitted as not properly coming within the term phar- maceutical preparations, and therefore not properly comparable Optical Department in Charleston Drug Store Optical departments in drug stores are not so common in the- United States as they are in Canada, but this department is made a feature of the Kerrison Drug Co.. Charleston. S. C. according to a recent ad. in whicli they call attention to the service in this line. November, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 473 with proprietary medicines. Certain other U.S. P. and N.F. preparations which contain only trifling quantities of alcohol, such as syrup of tolu, etc., were also omitted. No preparations were considered as alcoholic if the alcohol is removed in the process of manufacture. While the study of the general subject of alcohol in pro- prietary medicines has not proceeded sufficiently to warrant any extensive generalizations, and is therefore reserved for further study, the Commission at this time offers the follow- ing declaration: Alcohol Content of Proprietary Medicines If the preparation contains alcohol, it nnist be sufficiently medicated to prevent its use as an intoxicating beverage, and in addition to this requirement the proportion of alcohol pres- ent must not be greater than is properly necessary to hold in solution in permanently active condition the essential con- stituents of the preparation, and to protect the preparation against freezing, fermentation, or other deleterious change. Content of Habit-Forming' Narcotic Drugs Using the same 1108 preparations studied for alcohol con- tent, a similar study was made of their content of narcotic, habit-forming drugs, the data being taken from the statements on the labels made in accordance with the requirements of federal and state laws. One fact developed was that not one of the labels mentioned the presence of cocaine in any quantity, a condition rather un- expected in view of the frequently published statement that this alkaloid is a frequent constituent of patent medicines. While undoubtedly there were formerly proprietary- remedies containing cocaine, and that there still may be some that have not come to the attention of the Commission, it is not probable that a sufficient number of such preparations exists to consti- tute a serious menace. Extract of Cannabis Indica was mentioned in three of the 1108 preparations, two of the three being corn remedies which could not be used internally, and the third a cough remedy in which the accompanying medication is probably sufficient to render it unlikely that the preparation could be successfully used to produce the narcotic effects of the Cannabis without taking an overdose of the other ingredients. Xo one of the 1108 preparations was stated to contain chloral in any proportion, though it is possible that further search may develop the existence of chloral-containing medicines which are advertised to the general public. The preparations, presumably not intended for internal use, stated to contain opium or one of its alkaloids in some pro- portion were as follows: Injections for Gonorrhea 2 Tooth-Ache Remedies 2 Liniments and Embrocations 5 Pile Remedies 8 .•\ntiseptic Salve 1 Eye Salves and Eye Waters 10 Total 28 In the above preparations the narcotic content was in ex- cess of two grains of opium, or of one-fourth grain of mor- phine to the ounce in 20 instances, and not in excess of these proportions in five instances. Whether any of the above 28 preparations would be capable of use internally so as to produce the narcotic effect of opium without an overdose of the other constituents has not yet been given consideration by the Commission. The preparations admittedly intended for internal use, con- taining opium or a derivative were as follows: Asthma and Bronchitis Remedies 2 Soothing Powders and Teething Syrups 4 Diarrhoea Cordials and Cholera Morbus Remedies 12 Cough and Cold Cures 21 Tablet forms, mostly for cough 5 Total 44 Besides the above there were 15 preparations of miscel- laneous character not easily classified with any of the preced- ing, which contained opium or one of its alkaloids. Of the preparations plainly intended for internal use, seven contained opium in excess of two grains to the ounce, six of these being diarrhoea cordials or cholera morbus remedies, in ■which the proportion ranged from 3 to 8 grains to the ounce, or materially less than the average opium content of the five diarrhoea mixtures of the National Formulary. The last one of these seven preparations was an asthma remedy, which was stated to contain 23 1/3 grains of opium to the ounce. The largest proportion of morphine or its sulphate in any preparation for internal use was 1 grain to the ounce. In one preparation the alkaloid present was codeine, in the pro- portion of 11/34 grain to the ounce of tablets. Heroin was reported in one cough syrup in the proportion of l/19th grain to the ounce. In the majority of cases the proportions stated to be present did not exceed the quantities permitted by the Harrison Law, namely, 2 grains of opium, jkjth grain of morphine, one grain of codeine or '/^th grain of heroin to the ounce, and in many cases the proportions are considerably lower. Of tlie four preparations for children's use which contained opiates, two contained 2 grains of opium, one contained 9/20 grain of opium, and one 54 grain of morphine to the ounce. It is perhaps only fair to state that the statements of nar- cotic content were compiled before the enactment of the Har- rison Law, and it is probable that if the packages now being issued were to be examined it would be found tbnt those in- tended for interstate commerce would comply with that act. Whether or not opium or its alkaloids, or the narcotic de- rivatives of the latter can be dispensed in combination with other active non-narcotic drugs in such a way as to prevent the use of the combination from leading to a drug habit is a question which the Commission expressly reserves for further study. As a provisional measure the Commission has adopted the following declarations : Content of Habit-Forming Drug If the preparation is one which is capable of being used internally, whether recommended for internal use or not, it must not contain cocaine, nor shall it contain opium or any of its alkaloids or their derivatives in greater proportions than those specified in Section Six of the Federal Law commonly known as the Harrison Act, and it shall also contain other active drugs in such proportion that the use of the preparation will not be likely to create a drug habit, nor satisfy such a habit when previously existing. Remedies for Children's Use If intended for administration to infants or children, the preparation must not contain cocaine, or opium or its alkaloids, or their derivatives, in any proportion whatever. Of the remaining declarations, namely, those relating to the Activity of Proprietary Preparations, Immoral or Illegal Pur- poses, Incurable and Contagious Diseases, Conformity in Label- ing to the Federal Food and Drugs Act, and to Advertising, the Commission deems them of such evident propriety that no commentary is needed, and therefore offers none. The Question of Secrecy and Exhibition of Formulae One of the most common characteristics of the non-ethical proprietaries known as patent medicines is the secrecy of their composition, though, as previously stated, the open publication of the formula is not sufficient to place a preparation in the ethical class if it is openly offered for sale to the general public. The question of secrecy is by far the most delicate and difficult one with which the Commi.ssion has to deal, and although considerable thought has been devoted to the subject no conclusion has been reached. Which of the various propositions that have been offered for the regulation of secrecy, or \\lK'tIirr :niv of them would be effective and practicable, are inn li ■li-]iiitrd questions, and it would require an fxtrnrlrrl In-.iiisi- l.i imii jiartially sum- marize the opposir>'_' Far too many : ^ consist merely in the substi- tution of a set an old one, and not infre- nuently we later clisciAri tl]:it the exchange has been unprofit- able. It is the hope of the Commission to consider the subject of secrecy in patent medicines with such thorough delibera- tion that any policy it may propose will not be likely to lead to conditions worse than these sought to be cured. Respectfully submitted, Charles Caspari, Jr., Martin I. Wilbert, ' Thomas F. Main, Jotin C. Wallace, James H. Beal, Chairman. Commission on Proprietary Medicines. Plans for Pushing Christmas Trade Druggists Who Are Awake to Their Opportunities Should Do a Very Profitable Business During the Coming Holidays BY the middle of No- vember every one who plans to do any- thing in the way of Christ- mas gift making will be looking about to see what is in the market. Already the air will be vibrant with Christmas cheer and display windows will be bright with color and filled with suggestive dis- plays. The druggist who has been awake to his oppor- tunities will have long since had his supply of goods ordered and by this time they should be ar- ranged in most attractive form. There is no reason why any retailer should not get his full share of the money spent, provided he is willing to go after the trade the same as his neighbor. A Most Common Drawback One of the great draw- backs of the average drug store is that the proprietor is content to display ex- actly the same kind of goods as the department stores about him and the other drug stores in his neighborhood. If he wishes to win out, he must offer something distinctive which cannot be procured elsewhere, or some especial service that will bring Christmas buyers to his counters. For example, in almost every drug store and de- partment store fancy goods section, jewelry store, and novelty store of various kinds will be found ivory toilet ware. This is of varying qualities and so is often priced much cheaper than the druggist offers it for. The man who would win the bulk of the sales on ivory toilet goods, must make it plain why his goods are of superior qual- ity and possibly offer to in- itial articles so purchased. Remember that the public will not understand these things unless they are told. Why should they? Fancy perfumes, atomizers, and sachets are particularly the province of the druggist to sell, and yet he is too often content witli an occasional sale. In order to have a distinct pulling power he must have a large as- sortment of these goods and he must advertise and popular- ize the leading odors of the season. It is not enough to build up a window display, or to place a young lady behind the per- fume counter with an ato- mizer partly filled with some delightful odor. People will come in and surge past without giving any serious attention to these goods, unless some unusual means is resorted to to attract attention. For Christmas season make your perfume counter into a flower booth. Con- struct a wooden or wire trellis, and hide this with artificial flowers. Sur- mount with a sign card which reads: I Your friends will ap- i I preciate the exquisite bottled fragrance of t I choice blossoms from ! I many lands. | Alongside of the fancy packages and atomizers display a few choice toilet| bottles of cut glass, silverj deposit and etched glass. One reason that many people advance against the buying of gift perfumes, is that they are soon used up and there is nothing tol show for the thought. A beautiful toilet bottle filled with rare fragrance will answer this argument sat- isfactorily. Urge the Completion.) of Sets During the last few years it has been popu- lar to give a choice arti- cle from some approvedj style of toilet set such as sterling silver, ivor>', or colonial glass. Other holi- days, birthdays, etc.. were similarly remembered until an entire set of the selected pattern was built up. I More and more as time passes do people seek prac- tical articles for gift mak- ing. This gives the retail druggist an opportunity to bring forward many stock articles such as flashlights, thermos bottles, cameras, stationery, boxes of fancy soaps, sponge cases, manicure sets, toilet sets, separate brushes, hand mirrors, auto baskets, foun- tain pens, desk sets, cold cream jars, toothbrush holders, sani- tary bath towels, etc., etc. It is a good idea to make lists of articles suitable for different members of the family and to use these in the newspaper and on sign cards about the store. Page four scventy-jour Drug Store Lists for Family Christmas Gifts Use these lists in your Christmas advertising and they will make sales. Jc Ui& IVlUxxljiiil Ivory teething ring Absorbent paper "dydess" Toilet set Ivory back baby brush Fountain pen Talcum powder Five-pound box of candy. Sterilizer Toilet water Castile soap A new hair brush Job's Tears Choice staionery Flavoring extracts Sealed package sugar of milk Ivory jewel box S ft rubber ear s rin e ru er ear syrmge Rubber gloves Velvet sponge Half dozen bottles pure olive Ivory baby comb oil Clinical thermometer Powder box and puff Box fine soap Small hot water bag Bottle bay rum Alcohol stove to warm food Flesh-colored talcum Measuring graduate Room thermometer Sanitary bath towels Cleaning chamois Medicine spoon Hand mirror Baby food supplies Nail scissors for right and left Silk sachet bags hands FOR BIG SISTER FOR BIG BROTHER Manicure set Thermos bottle Perfumes Pearl handled jack knife Perfume atomizer Leather hand bag Shaving soap Traveling toilet set Razor strop Traveling medicine case Shaving mirror Correspondence cards Nail file and buffer High grade tooth brush Military brushes Toilet chamois Auto lunch basket Electric curling tongs Magazine subscription Jar of cold cream Camera Bathing cap Safety razor Initialed ivory toilet set Shaving cream Box of candied fruits Shaving mug Traveling clock Shaving brush Choice face powder Dresser tray Box French soaps Auto goggles Tooth powder Plain stationery Vanity case Large box chewing gum FOR FATHER Corn knife Self-filling fountain pen Desk set Flash light Pocket comb in leather case Foot powder Nail clip Spectacle case Shaving accessories Leather pocket book Leather collar bag Box cigars Bill fold N^OraMBER. 1915] THE PHARI\IACEUTICAL ERA 475 THE QUESTION BOX The "'How to Do It'' Department Conducted by Pharmaceutical Experts ^ For the benefit of ERA Subscribers P9 sterilizing Surgical Instruments (H. S.) — We have had no practical experience with the iroprietary article for disinfecting surgical instruments, al- hough we are aware that it is recommended for the purpose, lowever, many leading operators make use of a solution of resol for sterilizing instruments, ajid according to the last dition of the United States Dispensatory, this solution is >eculiarly valuable for the purpose. On the other hand, he British Pharmaceutical Code.x recommends the cresol cap solution of the B.P.C., as it is said that this preparation nixes with water better than compound solution of cresol, i-hile the emulsion thus formed is of a more permanent char- cter. Dilutions containing from 1 to 2 per cent of the solu- ion are used for the disinfection of instruments by surgeons n hospitals. According to the same authority, a simpler and 5SS e.xpensive preparation is liquid cresol soap, which is pre- lared by dissolving pale soft soap in an ea.ual weight of resol, without heating, and filtering. From the liquid thus nade a solution of similar strength to that just mentioned i prepared and similarly used. If care be taken to secure a resol which answers the pharmacopoeial requirements, the esulting solution will not be disagreeable, although it pos- esses a phenol-like odor. A solution recommended by an English surgeon for the apid disinfection of instruments, is made as follows: Olive oil 3 ounces Solution of potassa 3^ ounces Alcohol 16 ounces ' Distilled water 8 ounces This produces an alcoholic soap solution, the alcohol be- |ig antiseptic. The instruments should be thoroughly washed r w^rapped in cotton wool saturated with the solution, which lay also be used for washing the hands of the operator and le skin of the patient. In this country, the standard solution f cresol appears to be the principal agent used by hospitals |Dr sterilizing instruments. Pine Oil Disinfectant ' (F. D. E.) — The preparation recommended as an efficient squid disinfectant, proposed by Albert F. Stevenson, sanitary ^bemist of the Hygienic Laboratory, U. S. Public Health ,ervice. is made from pine oil, manufactured by the steam r solvent process, and emulsified with saponified resin, ac- 'irding to a definite procedure. According to the official bul- •:tin it has a hygienic laboratory phenol coefficient of be- ,-veen 4 and 6. The best results are obtained when the oil, )sin and alkali solutions are mixed in the following propor- 'ons and according to the following directions: Pine oil 1000 grams Rosin 400 grams Sodium hydroxide solution (20%) 200 grams This will make approximately 1,500 cubic centimeters or 6 quarts of disinfectant. : The pine oil and rosin are heated together in a covered i lameledware pail until the rosin is all dissolved. The mix- ' ire is cooled to 80° C, the sodium hydroxide solution added, id the liquid violently stirred or "beaten" for at least 10 linutes with a rotary "Dover" egg beater. Sufficient water . added to make the mixture to the original weight. The lixture is then cooled quickly by placing the pail in cold 'ater. It is stored in glass or metal containers till used The finished solution is described as a dark reddish-brown liquid, rather thick and oily in appearance, and free from turbidity and cloudiness. It makes a perfectly white emulsion, much re- sembling milk when added to water. If the dilution water is at a temperature of less than 30° C, the emulsion will last for weeks. If hot water is used, a layer of oil eventually forms on the surface. The germicidal power of the disin- fectant remains practically constant for about two months. It is advised to take up only enough disinfectant for a month's use. The disinfectant may be used wherever the ordinary coal- tar compounds are used, and can be employed when sucb compounds, on account of their odor, are not practical. It willl not attack fabrics or metals, and is recommended for disin- fection of all articles used in the care of contagious diseases. Any dilution up to 1 : 500 may be used. The most economic strength depends on the length of time to act. The total cost is said not to exceed 50 cents per gallon. Emetine in Pyorrhea Alveolaris (J. E. F.) — The use of this alkaloid in the treatment of pyorrhea alveolaris, otherwise known as Rigg's disease, ai chronic destructive disease of the supporting structures of the human teeth, is one which properly belongs to the physician' and dental surgeon, rather than to the pharmacist. However,, in recent medical literature it is stated that emetine hydro- chloride is given in pyorrhea alveolaris in doses of ^ to X grain at intervals of from 1 to 2 days. It is claimed that from 3 to 6 doses are necessary, and in some cases, it may be necessary to repeat this course at the end of ten days. Smith and Barrett {Jour, of the A. M. A.) recommend the local injection of a weak emetine hydrochloride solution {14 to 1%), the customary routine calling only for injections daily of a small portion, often only a fraction of a drop of this- solution in each pocket in the interproximal spaces in which' are lodged the deposits containing pyogenic bacteria. Bass and Johns {Jour, of the A. M. A.) state that fluid' extract of ipecac kills endamebas when diluted 200,000 times, "We first instructed patients to use a drop or two of ipecac on the wet toothbrush as a dentifrice in the usual way at night. Force the solution formed with the saliva between the teeth and spit out the excess. On account of the fact that pure fluid- extract of ipecac frequently irritates the mucous membrane, we have lately prescribed the fluidextract diluted ten or more times with alcohol. One drop of this on the wet toothbrush furnishes a much stronger solution than is absolutely neces- sary to kill all endamebas with which it comes in contact. * * * * Perhaps a still better way to use it would be to put a drop or two of fluidextract of ipecac in a glass of water and thoroughly rinse the mouth with it each night before re- tiring." Following these discoveries in the application of emetine to the treatment of pyorrhea, various dentifrice specialties con- taining it have been placed on the market by manufacturers. Greaseless Cold Cream (M. D. C.) — Various formulas for preparations of this class have been published in previous volumes of the Era. However, the Era Formulary gives the following information concerning these preparations. There are two distinct classes- 476 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [November, 191 of these so-called "creams", those containing glycerin and a gum, and those made principally of sodium stearate. To the latter small quantities of lanolin are sometimes added and nearly all of them contain a surplus of stearin. Here are some formulas representing these different types: (1) Quince seed 1 dram Boiling water 16 ounces Borax V2. dram Boric acid ^ dram Glycerin 5 drams Alcohol \V2 ounces Otto of rose : 10 drops Extract of jasmine 6 drops Wash the quince seed and put it into 12 ounces of boiling water, stirring occasionally for two hours; strain, and add slowly the solution of the borax and boric acid in 4 ounces of water, then add the glycerin and the alcohol in which the perfumes are previously dissolved. Stir well. (2) Tragacanth 2 drams Glycerin 1 ounce Zinc oxide 2 drams Rose water 12 ounces Mix the tragacanth intimately with the rose water, let stand 24 hours, stirring often. Rub the zinc oxide in a mortar with the glycerin, add to the tragacanth mixture and stir. (3) Stearic acid 3 ounces Sodium carbonate, dry 3 drams Glycerin 3 drams Water 24 ounces Melt the stearic acid on a water bath, add the sodium car- bonate and glycerin dissolved in 4 ounces of boiling water. Heat with constant stirring until effervescence ceases and add the remainder of the water gradually, beating to a foam in a warm mortar. Witch hazel may be used instead of part or all of the water, and the mixture perfumed as may be desired. (4) Greaseless Peroxide Cream Stearic acid 3 ounces Sodium carbonate, dry 3 drams Anhydrous woolfat 4 drams Glycerin 3 ounces Borax I ounce Solution of hydrogen peroxide 1 ounce Water 1 pint Perfume sufficient Prepare as in the preceding, adding the peroxide last. For hints and suggestion on the manufacture of this and other toilet preparations, see February and June Eras, pages 84 and 254. EfiEervescing Liver Salt (T. E. S.) — Typical processes for the preparation of effer- vescent salts are given in both the Pharmacopoeia and the Na- tior.al Formulary, and any of these may be employed as a br.sls for making almost any kind of an effervescent salt one might wish. Either N. F. formula A or B is suggested, the operator making such modification as he may wish. In the list of proposed constituents of the formula y Vz ounce Perfume q. s. Triturate the borax with tlie extract of quillaya and after- ward with the fuller's earth; then incorporate with the soft soap sufficient water to form a paste. (3) Domestic soap, dried and rasped 730 parts Sodium carbonate, crystalized 20 parts Hot water 1?D parts Heat upon a waterbath until soft; thoroughly mix. Then add— Pulverized pumice stone 200 parts Pulverized talc 50 parts Perfume q. s. Worcestershire Sauce (C. E. R.) — Widely variant formulas under the above fitk have been published for table sauce to be used on meats, game,,| fish, etc. Here are two which have been recommended by 1 various users: Best vinegar 2 pints Sherry 1 pint Allspice 2 drams Cloves 1 dram Black pepper 1 dram Ginger 1 dram Capsicum 1 dram Mustard 2 ounces Salt 2 ounces Shallots, bruised 2 ounces Moist sugar 8 ounces Tamarinds 4 ounces Curry powder 1 ounce Do not use stock powdered spices, but crush thera ir 1 ai.ui ir iiiinudiafely before use. Let all the ingredients f •> • I I' l- 1 I'our ill ilir vinegar, adding more vinegar to k •he iiiivtuie to the original volume; then add the sherry, .v if desired, a little burnt sugar to color, and let stand a i^rtk in a closed vessel; then strain and bottle. (2) Garlic 12 ounces Shallots 28 ounces Tamarinds 28 ounces Cloves 4 ounces Powdered capsicum 4 ounces .\nchovies 3 pounds Oil of lemon 1 ounce Sugar AVi pounds Soy 7 pounds Vinegar 5 gallons Macerate for seven weeks, with frequent stirring, and stiiin OVEMBER, li)15] THE PHAEMACEUTICAL ERA 477 FOREIGN ABSTRACTS |.abstitutes for Tincture Iodine — L Where iodine is unobtainable, a 5 per cent solution of pomine in chloroform may be used. In case of necessity tlie filoroform may be replaced by carbon tetrachloride. This '■lution sterilizes the skin even in the deeper layers and can take place of tincture of iodine in tJic treatment of wounds. For disinfection of operation sites, Schumacher recommends e use of two solutions, one containing two parts of potas- um iodide in ten parts of dilute alcohol, and the other con- ining the same proportion of ammonium persulphate in the Kme lia.uid. The first solution is painted on the skin by Jeans of a pledget of cotton and is followed by tlie second filution. The reaction is complete after 50 seconds, the yellow j ilor which appears at first soon changing to brownish red. («he iodine being in a nascent state is more active than iodine jacture, and the two solutions being kept separate, are more (,able than the tincture. (Schweiz. Wochschr., 1915, p. 281.) 1 Honey Substitute — According to Sauer, an excellent substitute for honey may ; prepared by boiling 5 kg. of sugar, 10 kg. of water, and 5 , of lactic acid, and evaporating the mi.xture over an open wame to a weight of 5.5 kg. An aromatic honey-yellow mass ■ obtained which has an excellent flavor, and. like honey, is I'^uid at first and later solidifies to the consistency of lard, i Sauer. Pharm. Ztg., 1915, p. 272.) f'ction of Artificial Camphor — . After trials with samples of artificial camphor from various 'urces. Lutz reports that the use of artificial camphor sub- ^ itaneously did not give rise to any harmful effects in a great pimber of cases, even after frequent administration. The j:tion on the heart also showed that synthetic camphor is Lell able to replace the natural article. However, further in- IStiaations seem to be called for. (Lutz. Berl. Klin, "ochschr., 1915, p. 322.) "'olorimetric Determination of TJric Acid — j ln this method, use is made of the blue color which results fhen uric acid is treated with phosphomolybdic acid and di- I •dium phosphate. The color is sufficiently permanent to per- I it of comparison with standard solutions, and is not pro- i iced by albumen, peptones, albumoses, creatin, creatinin, or ^.gar. The comparison solution is prepared by heating 0.1 [' of pure dried uric acid and 0.1 g. of sodium bicarbon- 1 e in 50 cc. of water, allowing the mixture to cool after the ' lution is complete, and then diluting to 100 cc. The solu- '•jns of phosphomolybdic acid and sodium phosphate are 10 (id 5 per cent respectively. To make the test, place 1 cc. of the ^ic acid solution in one of three similar comparison tubes, in I e second 1 cc. of urine, and in the third 1 .2 cc. of the ' me urine from which the uric acid has been removed by be following treatment: To 10 cc. of urine in a test tube (Id 3 g. of ammonium chloride, and heat to 40°. Filter after ',< minutes, and use 1.2 cc. of the filtrate, to allow for the . esence of the ammonium chloride. Then add 2 cc. of the ; losphomolybdic acid solution to each tube, and fill up to ' cc. with the sodium phosphate solution. Mix and heat i itil small bubbles form in the liquid. Cool immediately, and i^mpare the colors. The calculation is made as usual, except at a correction must be made for the color produced by the I ine from which the uric acid has been removed. (Riegler, »iarm. Zentralhalle, 1915, p. 254.) ^igosid, a New Di^talis Preparation — , By the exclusion of enzyme action, and by working at low mperature. Wratschko has prepared a new substance to . hich he gives the name digcwid. It is a white amorphous '.wder, soluble in chloroform, benzene, and alcohols. Like ;talin, it is decomposed by boiling with alcohol, but unlike I talin, it resists the action of boiling water. It gives tests ■ r gitalin and digitoxin. The 1 : 2000 solution in salt solu- ')n has the taste of a digitalis infusion. The chemical, phy- plogical and therapeutic properties of the compound will he Ivestigated further. (Z. AUg. Oester. Apoth. Ver., 1915. p. yS: through Pharm. J.) lellcate Test for Hydrocyanic Acid — ; Using the familiar reaction between ferric salts and sulpho- 'anates, Lavaille and Varenne have devised a ver>- sensitive test for prussic acid and its salts, which is claimed to be 20 times more sensitive than the Prussian blue reaction. A small amount of the solution to be tested is treated with a slight excess of ammonium hydrosulphide, boiled for a few minutes, and evaporated to 1 cc. The residue is taken up in 9 cc. of water, treated with 10 drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid, and transferred to a separatory funnel, where it is shaken out with 20, 10, and 10 cc. of ether. The combined ether shakings are allowed to evaporate at the room temperature. As soon as all ether has disappeared, tJie aqueous residue is stir- red with a small rod dipped in a mixture of ferric chloride solution, of sp. gr. 1.26, 1 part, and water 9 parts. In the presence of sulphocyanates, the blood red color of the ferric salt appears at once. More of the reagent is added until the color no longer deepens. The liquid is then placed in a sepa- rator and shaken with a little ether. If ferric sulphocyanate is present, the ether layer takes on a shade of violet red. The only substance which may give the same reaction is meconic acid, but ferric meconate may be recognized at once by the fact that its color is not destroyed by the addition of an excess of gold chloride solution. (J. Pharm. Chim., 1915, p. 7-4,) New Separation of Arsenic, Tin and Antimony — The mixed sulphides, separated from other sulphides by solu- tion in ammonium sulphide and addition of acid, are dissolved in 5 per cent sodium sulphide solution. Excess of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide is then added. After heating, any antimony separates out as acid sodium pyroantimonate, in glistening crystals, the separation being , made complete by the addition of alcohol. After filtering and eliminating the alcohol, the filtrate is treated with a concentrated ammonium nitrate solution, which liberates ammonia, and throws out the tin as hydroxide on boiling. In the filtrate the arsenic is pre- cipitated as ammonium magnesium arsenate. The antimony and arsenic salts have characteristic crystal forms which make their identification simple. The tin hydroxide is dissolved In hydrochloric acid, reduced with zinc, and identified by mercuric fhloride solution. (Hahn, Z. Anorg. Chem., 1915, through Pharm. J.) Notes on Immiscible Solvents — Ether is most widely used, partly because of its wide solvent powers, and partly because of its small tendency to emulsify. Its chief disadvantage is its power to dissolve water, causing its extracts to contain impurities. It is excellent for use with soap solutions, or those containing finely divided solids, and may be added to other solutions to prevent emulsions. Chloro- form has the advantage of dissolving practically no water, and that it always forms the lower layer in the separator, a fact of great convenience. But it forms obstinate emulsions, and its high boiling point renders it unsuitable for extracting ver>- volatile substances. It is best adapted for alkaloidal determina- tions, and for shaking out aromatic derivatives, such as pyro- gallol. Petroleum ether lies between ether and chloroform in its tendency to form emulsions. It has a low boiling point, and does not dissolve water. Its use is limited by the fact that many substances are insoluble in it, while soluble in the other solvents. It is most suitable for use with fats and oils in emulsions. Amyl alcohol is rarely used, except in the ex- traction of morphine. It has no advantages over any other solvents for genera! work, while its strong odor and high boil- ing point are po.sitive disadvantages. Benzol ((benzene) Is sometimes used with substances of the aromatic series. Carbon -di- sulphide and tetrachloride have no advantages over chloroform. To avoid emulsions, use a gentle rotatory motion only, without agitation. Substances which cause emulsions may often be removed before .shaking out. Fats may be eliminated by shak- ing out the basic substances by means of acidulated water, before using the non-aouenus solvent. Gums and mucilage may be separated by the addition of alcohol. In some cases, heat- ing with a large excess of mineral acid destroys the emulsify- ing agent. The addition nf alcohol helps to break up emul- sions, but increases solubility in the aqueous layer, which brings about incomplete extraction. By using two .solvents in succession, as ether followed by petroleum ether, emulsions 478 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [November, 1915 may sometimes be prevented. The best expedient is to use a large volume of solvent. When an emulsion has once formed, it is best broken up by adding it, in small amounts, to a volume of the solvent in another separator nearly equal to the volume of the whole emulsion, and shaking after each addi- tion. (Self, Pharm. J., 1915, p. 164.) Copaiba Oil and Resin — Stockman examined pure copaiba oil, and the resin of copaiba, both obtained from the same sample, to ascertain which contains the active constituents of oleoresin of copaiba. The resin was well tolerated, but had no action on the ure- thral discharges. The resin was also found to be inert in in- creasing the antiseptic powers of the urine, while the oil had a distinct effect. The conclusion is that the resin is practi- cally useless as a genito-urinary antiseptic. (Brit. Med. J., 1015, p. 128.) Active Principle of Thyroid — By hydrolyzing the proteins of the thyroid, by means of sodium hydroxide and alcohol, Kendall separated a complex mixture, partly soluble in acid. Further action on the soluble portion gave a crystalline iodine compound, with a melting point of about 220°, which appears to de di-iodo-dihydroxy- indol. It is thought to be the iodine compound to which the activity of the thyroid is due, as it possesses all the typical physiological properties of the glands. (Kendall, Pharm. J., 1915, p. 2.) Tests for Hashish — All hashish and Cannabis indica preparations show the fol- lowing reaction : Extract with cold petroleum ether, evapo- rate the extract at the ordinary temperature, and treat the residue with a few cc. of absolute alcohol saturated with dry hydrochloric acid gas. A bright cherry red coloration appears, which is discharged by the addition of water or alcohol. Tests were made with a large number of other plant extracts, and over 22 alkaloids, glucosides, etc., but in no case was a similar reaction noted. Certain volatile oils, including origanum and santal, gave a similar color, but it was much less intense. (Beam, Wellcome Tropical Research Bull. No. 3, April, 1915, through J. Soc. Chem. Ind.) ALKALOIDS IN BELLADONNA Experiments itn Plant Selection Show Interesting Besults in Vegetative Propagation and Productivity Under the title "Some Effects on the Production of Alkaloids in Belladonna," the United States Department of Agriculture in Bulletin 306 gives the results of a series of tests on con- trolling pollination of first and second generation plants with special attention to cross-pollination and close-pollination. Fol- lowing are the conclusions reached in the bulletin : It having been established in the previous investigation that a wide range of variation exists in the alkaloidal content of belladonna plants, the present investigation was undertaken to determine whether the characteristic of alkaloid production is transmissible to the progeny through seed and whether the character is changed by vegetative propagation. The results thus far show that the first-generation plants secured from seed of cross-pollinated selected individuals display the characteristic of the maternal parent with regard to alkaloid productivity. Tliis condition is generally tme at all stages of growth during a sea,son and also for at least two successive seasons. Close pollination of the parent plant has shown only a moderate in- fluence on the transmission of this characteristic. Second-generation i-Vuii^ f.-.ni cross-pollinntion have born grown at Arlington " -.n, Wis., and 'I nn..inn-;vill.', S. C, and at all tl i ■ '■• h'v . Whilr- 1 :< - rtrn for physicians, what he says con- cern: ration of the remedy is of general interest to 1 l ecially the following: '• ! -i iii tive part of the treatment is the local appli- I iii 11 li' ilie entire throat and especially to the tonsils of the .' , > , ; ' in" composxtus, of the U. S. P., which contains when ir. sl ly 1 lepared about 0.4% of free chlorine. It should always be freshly prepared, kept tightly corked and in a cool place, and should be dispensed in a dark colored bottle. A small amount of Uie solution should be placed in a cup, and bv means of a flexible wire-handled throat brush applied to th*- throat in its undiluted state. ITse thoroughly every hour until relieved and then loss frequently. In a large pcrcentaKC of these cases this treatment will completely arrest the disease, so that, when you call the next day, even if your report from the culture is positive, you will find the child practically wfU as far as the throat is concerned, and no further treatmert will be necessary, not even the use of antitoxin," November, 1915 j THE PHARMACEUTICAL EKA 479 CAMERA AND PHOTO SUPPLIES Cincinnati Drug Stores Find Photo Supplies Profitable Among the most successful drug stores in the United States are those of the Dow chain in Cincinnati, which have recently passed into the hands of a syndicate of Cincinnati business men. Their methods of pushing cameras and photographic supplies are of decided interest and value to the druggist whose experience in these lines is in the early stages. THE Dow string of eleven drug-stores, in Cincinnati, is a highly successful instance of tlic application of modern merchandising methods to the drug business. This is admitted even by its critics ; while its friends, of course, swear by it. Therefore, the experience of some of the most active stores in the string, as evidenced by their managers, with cameras and photographic goods generally, is very much worth while, especially in view of the fact that the Dow stores have for years handled such goods, and have met with a considerable degree of success with them. ''I consider photographic goods to be one of the very best lines for a drug store,' if properly handled," declared Manager Einspanier, who is in charge of the newest store in the string, at Si.xth and Main streets. "And there is a little more to the proper handling of such goods than some druggists seem to think. Proper handling means development and growth ; and these things do not come about by chance, but by careful and intelligent application of good business methods to the goods in question. "For instance, the average amateur, whose business it is that must support the drug store's photograph supply business, knows ne.xt to nothing about the why and wherefore of pho- tography. . He only knows that he inserts the film, or plate, or film-pack, as the case may be, presses a button or a bulb, and gets a picture — sometimes. He is not an expert judge of pictures, and does not require of himself a high degree of ex- cellence. He is quite satisfied, as a rule, if he gets some kind of picture, and considers it quite a feat to get six pictures out of six exposures, without a single complete failure. "Still, when he does make a complete failure, by reason of taking a snap-shot on a dark day, or by shaking the camera so that all images on the picture are blurred, or for any other reason, he wants to know why. He is sometimes inclined to blame the camera or the supplies which he used; and that is the chief reason why it is up to the drug clerks in a store handling photographic goods to be able to explain, simply and satisfactorily, why these failures occur, and the way to avoid them. Clerk Should Understand Photography "In order to do this, the clerk should himself understand the simple theory of photography, the relation of the amount of light available to the length of the exposure, when to use the snap-shot or instantaneous, and when to use the bulb or the time exposure. These things are the .'\-B-C of successful pho- tography, even by the veriest amateur. Where the more ex- perienced camera enthusiast is concerned, of course, even a wider degree of knowledge is desirable, not to say necessary, be- cause the man who does his own developing and printing wants and demands an expert opinion from the salesman on the various chemicals and other supplies necessary. If the sales- man cannot, by reason of ignorance, give this expert opinion, the customer is not likely to come again. He will transfer his business to a store which appreciates it more, ind is willing to help him buy to the best advantage. "All this, of course, on analysis, simply reduces itself to the elementary business axiom of knowing your bu-siness. A good many druggists, though, who appreciate fully the necessity of knowing everything about most of their other lines, take no trouble tn find out. or to school their clerks, on the action of cameras in stock, and other details involved in selling pho- tographic goods; and yet they wonder why this line doesn't seem to do very well. "Showing the goods prominently and attractively is another prime necessity. One good reason for this, to start with, is tlie fact that not all drug-stores carry such goods — although, as I say, I thnk they should. And, therefore, unless they are shown, possible customers will have no way of knowing that they can buy their photographic supplies at the drug store. This may not be true of the usual sizes of films, perhaps, which have properly come to be recognized as a regular item in drug stocks, by the public as well as by druggists; but it is certainly true of the wider range of supplies which ought to be carried if tlie druggist intends to handle a complete photo- graphic department. Always a Window Trim in Summer "Therefore, we devote a prominent show-case section to cameras and supplies, always; and from March to Septem- ber, the best period for such goods, there is always a window section filled with them. This is changed often, both as to location and contents, so as to give the desired touch of va- riety; but there is always such a window, keeping people in- formed of the fact that we sell these goods in full variety. "The volume of business resulting is sufficiently satisfactory to make me give all necessary attention to this line, because it repays such attention as well as any goods I could name. Moreover, our best business is with the chemicals and other developing and printing supplies which so many stores do not think wortla carrying. We sell many low-priced cameras, and many films, but the supply business is that which makes the department most worth while. "A factor which is worth considering is that the photo- graphic department aids the rest of the business, proving the well-established business theory that every line helps the other. It's this way; The man who has got into the habit of drop- ping in to get his camera supplies, as he will if he is properly handled, will naturally buy other goods which the druggist handles, from soft drinks to medicines, and covering the entire range of novelties. And this, in addition to the money-making possibilities of the goods themselves, seems to me to furnish the last argument needed to show the truth of that I have said— that every druggist ought to keep a well-stocked photographic department." "We have always done very well with our photographic goods," said Manager Patterson, of the Dow store at Fifth and Vine streets, which is one of the busiest corners, not only in Cincinnati, but in the United States. This, naturally, makes window space valuable at this store; but it is not too valuable to use for cameras and photographic goods, as there is al- ways a good display of this sort in the window. "We make it a practice to show these goods regularly, especially during the summer season, because that, in my experience, is the one best way to keep tliem moving," continued Manager Patterson. "We have sold high-priced goods and we have sold low- priced goods — all kinds, in fact; enough of them to make the receipts from this department very respectable. Our developing and printing department is extremely busy dun'iii^ tlio summer, when the amateur is busiest, and it helps to kcpp iliin -s iiin\-ing. As a matter of course, the amateur buys his suppli. s. if only the necessary films, at the store where he gets his prints made; and there is a small profit on the work, as well. Yes, sir, the line is a good one, and we couldn't get along without it— our customers would make us put it in again." From which expressions cf opinion it may be gathered that the Dow stores think it is worth while to handle photographic goods, from cameras selling at $20 and upwards down to the $2 article, and all of the supplies which go with them; and, it may be ventured, the experience of other leading druggists is to the same effect. Dow's handle Ansco goods exclusively. 480 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [November, 1915 Cameras in Good Line for Christmas Trade Every druggist who has handled cameras and photographic supplies for any length of time knows tliat it is one of his best all-the-year-round side lines. There is, naturally, more business in the summer when people are going on their vaca- tions, but the real camera enthusiast — and there are thousands of them — does not care whetlier it is summer or winter. Snow scenes are just as attractive to him as tlie bathing girls at the beach. For this reason cameras form one of the best lines for the druggist to feature for the Christmas trade. How to make the most of this department at holiday season is a question which many druggists have to face soon. Cameras and photo supplies in themselves make attractive window displays. The druggist will, of course, make a special effort to have a good stock on hand at this time of the year. But merely putting these goods in the window does not go very far towards selling them. It merely calls attention to the fact that they are to be had at the store. The druggist should make his window or counter display an education in itself. To do this he must become thoroughly acquainted with the goods. Everyone knows that if you point the camera at an object and push the button you will have a picture, of some kind, of that object. The picture may be good or bad. Lots of people know that sometimes the picture is clear and sometimes foggy, but they don't know why. Prob- ably fifty per cent of the camera users never considered that it was possible to do more than take an ordinary picture of the size indica,ted by the size of the camera. The druggist should be able to give his customers new pointers and further arouse their interest. One of the best ways to do this is to make the window dis- play educational, and one of the best times to do it is at Christmas when people are thinking what would most please and interest their friends. Along this line, a man who has been in the camera business for years recently suggested that the best kind of a window display was not of cameras merely but of a camera and the results which could be obtained from it. "Make one good camera the center of your display," he said. "Then show what can be done with it. On one side show photographs which have been taken with that machine, or one like it. Pictures of friends, children, of flowers, of landscapes, in fact, pictures touching on all phases of life. Make the prospective customer realize that the camera can be made to fill an important place in his life. Then on the other side show the different kinds of pictures which may be taken with the same camera. Call his attention to the enlargements which may be made, to the fact that he may take lantern slides, to the results which may be obtained by the use of different kinds of films and to the contrasts which may be brought out by the use of different methods of de- velopment or by colors. Many people just snap the picture and let the photographic dealer do tlie rest as he sees fit." Another method which has been tried out successfully by the managers of several stores in their efforts to get the Christmas trade is to send out an attractive booklet a few weeks before the holidays. This booklet can be prepared very cheaply although the more attractive it is the more likely it is to bring trade. It is sufficient to call attention to the pleas- ure which can be had from the camera and to invite the customer to call and inspect your line. The mailing list should not be confined to the immediate vicinity, however. Every druggist who has been in the camera business for any length of time has a mailing list of several thousand names ready at hand from the names of people who have left their films to be developed. Some of these may live out of town but they will be flattered to be remembered by the booklet and the next time they come to town they will call. One man who was for several years manager of the photographic department of a large retail drug store said that one season he got out a small booklet called "The Spirit of Christmas" and that it more than doubled his holiday trade. Photo Supply Department In a Coll ege Drug Store Recognizing the demand of the discriminating amateur for better work than is usually obtainable in the regular channels, C. H. Reynolds, manager of a drug store in State College, Pa., has opened a department for the finishing of pictures, and gives every film and print careful and individual treatment. He makes a point of correcting faults due to errors in exposure and tries to use the paper for the prints which will be best suited to the picture. Being in a town with both a large high school and a college Mr. Reynolds finds it profitable to go after this trade. He says: "From a chemical or pharmaceutical standpoint the photo- graphic department is adapted to drug stores more than to any other line of business. The process of photography has become so simplified in recent years that any one with an or- dinary pharmaceutical education can rapidly become familiar with tlie workings of the camera and the processes used for the developing and finishing of pictures. "Viewed from a college or school town standpoint the photo department is the most profitable of the many side lines that have to be carried by the modern drug store. The business from the ordinary high school is worth going after. "It is not necessary to carry a large stock as the turnovers on films, printing papers and developers is big; and the line of cameras and accessories can be kept dovra to the ordinary thinRs that are in demand. "If the owner or one of the clerks does not care to do the finishing work there is hardly a town of any size that does not have one or more amateur photographers that would be glad to take up the work. Twenty-four hour service should be given. "Finishing bills should be rendered weekly, being made out at retail list less 30 per cent for your profit. Supplies can be sold to the one doing the finishing at a discount of say 10 per cent and this would avcroge about 20 per cent more to be added to the finishing department." N"EW ORLEANS DRUG STORE TRIES CAMERAS AND FINDS THAT THEY PAY Cusach's, the veteran pharmacy of New Orleans, which has been in business at Canal and Baronne streets for a little more than 84 years, is pioneering in photography as a side line. Early in August the store announced through the press and placards that they would develop films free. Though but three weeks old, Allen Freret, manager of Cusach's, announces that the plan is destined to be a success. Mr. Freret says "We have considered such a move ever since we received numerous Sunday calls from 'kodakcrs.' Suited as our store is, on the 'engagement corner.' many young people made calls on us on the Sabbath for films, kodak necessities and what not. It was Sunday, and all the photo supply stores were closed. Naturally they sought the drug store. "We are starting in a small way. Later on we intend to install cameras and all the camera paraphernalia. Wo are giving as much publicity to our project as possible, and daily our ledger shows an increase over the preceding day. In our front windows we have installed a photographic display of a nuinbcr of good pictures." Under Cusach's plan, kodac fihns are developed free, with the proviso that the customer takes at least one print, for which the proper charge is made. If the films do not come out well, the customer is under no obligation to purcJiase a print. LYNN. MASS.. STORE IS REMODELED Followsing extensive alterations and improvements, the Ropes Drug Co., of Lynn. Mass., held an informal opening on Oc- tober 14 at the remodeled store at 31.^-315 Union street. .V large number of old customers took advantage of this op)>or- tunity to inspect the stock of the new store, .^dolf H. Ackcr- mann is manager and treasurer of the company. I; * November, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 481 PHARMACEUTICAL PERSONALS DRUG MAN NOW BANK PRESIDENT Willoughby M. McCorniick, president of Mcl'.nniiik & Co., the Baltimore drug and spice manuf.u tui c is, lias aiuiined the dignity of bank president. He has bci oiuc ilu- Ik ul of the recently organized Baltimore Commercial Bank, which is lo- cated in the new Coca Cola building, at Pratt street and Center Market space, and which was formally opened October IS with a reception to hundreds of business men, many ladies also being present. Mr. Mc- Corniick and the other officers were showered with flowers, among the tloral tributes being a large seal of the bank, com- posed of a .solid mass of blooms, with lettering and other mark- ings complete. On the eleventh floor of the building a fine luncheon was spread, and an or- chestra played from 11 to 4 o'clock. Mr. McCormick and Willoughby M. McCormick the other oitkials were on hand to welcome the visitors, and during the first hour several hundred thousand dollars in deposits were made. Among the visitors from a distance was Asa G. Candler, president of the Coca Cola Co. of Atlanta, who is one of the- directors of the bank. It was the Coca Cola Co. which put up the building, an enormous edifice, covering one whole block, and twelve stories high, of brick and concrete. The structure is intended as an industrial home for manufac- turers, with stores on the ground floor, and cost about SI. 500,000. A. G. RICHARDSON LEAVES SMITH CO. A. G. Richardson has resigned as vice-president and gen- eral manager of the J. Hungerford Smith Co., Rochester, N. Y. No announcement has yet been made of Mr. Rich- ardson's future plans. No man is better known in the soda fountain trade. To thousands he was "Alick" Richardson. Xot only as salesman and busi- ness acquaintance, but as a close personal friend of soda fountain men, retailers and job- hers, Mr. Richardson occupied a unique position in this field. Early in his career he was a retail druggist. Thus he brought to the work of selling fruit juices an intimate knowl- edge of the retailer's problems. By his advice and suggestion he has shown thousands of soda men the way to better profits. He has traveled the •entire country and can go into stores from Maine to California and call the proprietor and the men behind the counter by name, this facility for remembering names having been often remarked by his associates. Mr. Richardson joined the J. Hungerford Smith Co. twenty years ago as a salesman, and five years later was called in to the main office, where he later became sales manager and vice-president. Under his direction the business of the com- pany grew tremendously. Durbin Richardson, assistant sales manager of the J. Hun- gerford Smith Co., Rochester, N. Y., has resigned and will be associated with his cousin, A. G. Richardson, whose resig- nation from the same company recently occurred. Durbin Richardson has worked at the soda fountain and has sold A. G. Richardson goods on the road for many years. He is particularly well known to the soda fountain trade of the Northwest, where he made occasional trips. Adam Wirth ADAM WIRTH TAKES A TRIP .•\(lam Wirth, prominent druggist and prominent member of the Orledns Pharmaceutical Association, spent a delightful vacation last month. With his family, Mr. Wirth viewed the the California expositions, toured Yellowstone Park for si.x days, and spent a wholly delightful week imong the Catalina Islands. Returning, Mr. Wirth combined a little business with vacationing, and brought back many new ideas which he is incor- porating into his popular store at St. Charles and Girod streets. New Or- leans, La. Mr. Wirth is not only one of the best known men in the New Orleans trade, but he takes a tremendous interest in association af- fairs, and more than once has been honored with positions of responsibility by the Orleans Pharma- ceutical Association. Re- cently, at the state drug- gists' convention, held in New Orleans, he distinguished him- self at the head of the committee to entertain visiting druggists. C. P. VAN SCHAACK RETURNS FROM PANAMA Cornelius P. Van Schaack, vice-president and secretary of Peter Van Schaack & Sons, wholesale druggists, Chicago, has just returned from a trip to the Isthmus of Panama, and the Canal Zone, going thence by way of New Orleans and the Gulf of Mexico. Mr. Van Schaack is an acute observer, and he had many interesting things to tell of life in Panama. Soldiers guard night and day all locks and constructive por- tions of the canal and buildings in the Canal Zone, about 5,000 of them being stationed there. Mr. Van Schaack writes the Era of this trip, portions of his letter being as follows: "There are many drug stores on the Isthmus, but they are small, mostly of foreign ownership. I saw only one American pharmacy, but many 'Tharmacia" or 'Tharmacie." The clerks all have their tongues slit, and speak equally well Eng- lish, Spanish, French and German, and as many other lan- guages as there is room for. "There are but few Germans in the Canal Zone, but along the coast on both sides they represent the largest of the mer- chants. A prominent Spaniard, representing a few large Amer- ican houses, told me all Central and South American stocks were very low, and thinking the war would have beeri over by this time, he predicted that the American people for the next few months would be receiving such large orders that their verity would almost be doubted, and that if we carefully fol- lowed the shipper's instructions and gave what the South American people wanted, properly packed, not what we wanted them to take, their future trade would be assured. It is neces- sary that all labels and instructions be printed in Spanish, for white and black all .speak that languase. TTnlike our South, with its Jim Crow cars and signs for "white" or "black," they designate the color line by "gold" and "silver." No white man gets less than S30 a month in the Canal Zone, so that all signs on cars and elsewhere read for "Silver" or "Gold" employes. All employes of the Government in the Canal Zone must be naturalized or native American citizens. 482 THE PHAEMACEUTICAli EEA [November, 191^ "The climate of the Zone is humid, and sun-showers come up at any hour of the day or night, but no one minds these inconveniences or protects himself, but just waits until the shower is over and then dries off. To bathe one day in the Atlantic Ocean and then to take a swim the next day in the Pacific Ocean was my unique experience. "It takes longer to go to the Canal than it does to go to Europe, and if one can dodge the frequent hurricanes on the Gulf and Caribbean Sea, the voyage is a delightful one, though the "Merrywine", a sister ship to ours on the same line, was lost a few weeks ago, but little of the wreckage being found on account of the many currents and cross-currents that carry all the telltale flotsam away." ITEW SALES MANAGER EOR F. K. JAMES James A. Watson, for three years assistant advertising man- ager with Riker-Hegeman Co., has recently accepted the posi- tion of sales and advertising manager for F. K. James Co. The James chain now consists of three stores in New York and one in Brooklyn. Mr. Watson is to have entire charge of the display and sale of the goods in the stores as well as control of the advertising, Mr. Watson is a young man of pleasing personality, force- ful and aggressive, and has very definite ideas on the way goods should be sold. He is a strong believer in the element of personal advertising — that is, the advertisement of good ser- vice, attractive displays of goods and catchy circulars for distribution with goods sold. "It is by making your store a personality to the customer that trade can be secured," said Mr. Watson. "He must feel that he is wanted in the store and that every member of the force takes an interest in him personally. The clerks must greet the customer with a smile and have a pleasant 'thank you' when he leaves." During his connection with the Riker-Hegeman Co. as as- sistant advertising manager, Mr. Watson had practical charge of the combined advertising for seventy stores and it was his experience along this line which led him to believe that one of the chief elements of successful advertising was to have absolute co-operation between the advertising and the sales force. That is, if a certain article is advertised in the news- papers, in a window display or in circulars to the customers, special effort should be made to have all the clerks in the store know what was being offered on that day and to have them informed as to the selling points of the goods. Before entering the drug field, Mr. Watson was for some time secretary of the Ford Co., of New Haven, Conn , manu- facturing and retail jewelers. James A. Watson DRUG MAN GETS OFFICIAL POSITION R. C. Stofer, of the Norwich Pharmacal Co., Norwich, N. Y., has recently been appointed by Governor Whitman as a member of the advisory council to the State Industrial Commis- sion. This council consists of ten members and takes over all the duties and powers of the Department of Labor, the Work- men's Compensation Commission and the Industrial Board. Five members of the council represent the employes and five the employers. The men of the latter group are selected for their ability as executives and their experience as employers of labor. The appointment of Mr. Stofer is thought to be the first time that a pharmaceutical manufacturing house has been recognized in connection with state labor problems, and it speaks well for the excellent system Mr. Stofer has worked out in connection witli the plant of the Norwich company. avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y., has sold his business and retired from business. At the time the sale was consummated, he was the oldest active pharmacist in Brooklyn. Mr. Rouillion was born at Bazancais, France, in 1833, and educated at Bloit Seminary. For eight years he was engaged in the drug busi- ness in Paris, and then came to New York where he began the practice of his profession. He has had an interesting career and on the occasion of his eightieth birthday, in 1913, he was the recipient of congratulatory addresses from various well- known men in pharmacy. He was one of the founders of the Kings Co. Pharmaceutical Society and is now borne on the rolls of that organization as an honorary member. W. F. MARTIN NEW SALES MANAGER The J. Hungerford Smith Company announce the appoint- ment of W. F. Martin, of San Antonio, Texas, as sales manager. Mr. Martin has been connected with the firm for several years, in charge of the Southwestern market, prior to which time he was sales manager for the San Antonio Drug Co. This experience, together with his work for the J. Hun- gerford Smith Company, admirably fit him for his present duties. Mr. Martin wishes to express to the trade his earnest desire to assist and co-operate with them in his new capacity. PERSONAL NOTES OCTAVE A. A. ROUILLION RETIRES Octave A. A. Rouillion, an octogenarian and for more than forty years the proprietor of the drug store at No. 1 Gates — W. S. WiLLARD, the well-known North End druggist, of St. Joseph, Mo., has recently been appointed a member of the common council of that city, where he has lived for seventeen years, and for a greater part of the time has been in the drug business. According to the Mayor who made the appoint- ment, Mr. Willard "is the man the people wanted and the man for the place." The only other public office Mr. Willard has ever held was that of representative in the State Legisla- ture from the first district during the session of 1911. — Joseph Schweitzer, druggist, at 1321 East 57th street, Chicago, III, had a real live experience with bandits who at- tempted to "shoot up" his drug store a few nights ago. He was sitting at a table discussing the war when three boy ban- dits entered the store, each armed with a revolver. As one of the bandits ordered "hands up" Mr. Schweitzer made a grab for his gun and its owner fired. The bullet lodged in a bundle of letters the druggist was carrying in an inside pocket of his vest, otherwise doing him no harm. — E. L. ScHOLTZ, president of the Scholtz Drug Co., Denver, Col., recently returned from an extended trip through Canada and California. Mr. Scholtz reported that war conditions have greatly depressed the drug business in Canada and that there is great uncertainty as to the future. Many of the young men have gone to the front. In Seattle and Portland, as well as other cities on the Coast, Mr. Scholtz found business condi- tions thriving. He visited the fair at San Diego, — F. A. Bartz, a graduate of the Iowa University Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine, Cedar Rapids, president of the Western Fraternal Association, recently presented to the Iowa Fraternal Congress a notable paper on the members and activ- ities of the Bohemian societies of America, In the paper he traced the history of the Bohemian immigrants to this coun- try, starting with the political disturbances of 1848 in Europe. — Russell Wyre, a Barberton, Ohio, druggist, formerly of Orrville, was recently married to Miss Celesta Schrantz. For several days Mr. Wyre succeeded in dodging his friends who wished to help him celebrate the event, but he was finally captured and made to ride a white mule through the main street of the town. Mr. Wyre took the hazing in good part and distributed 200 ricir.-; to his friends. — Clifton B. MiXaichion, connected witli Colgate & Co., of New York V 1^ ini.xl October 4 at tlie Cathedral in Baltimore, to IM ' ^1 Athey. IMr. McNaughton had intended to kr ny secret, but when the couple reached the Can f umd eight of Mr. McNaughton's fellow salesmen on luiml t.i welcome them. Mr. and Mrs. Mc- Naughton will reside at Cumberland, Md. — J. Emory Bond, manager of the Baltimore branch of Parke, Davis ft Co., of Detroit, has returned to his desk after a three months' leave of absence, Mr, Bond was in very un- satisfactory health for a time, but during his vacation he im- proved rapidly and is now quite himself again. He was cor- dially welcomed back by his associates. November, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 483 DEATHS IN THE DRUG TRADE CoiL\ M. Dow CORA M. DOW CORA M. DOW, widely known tlirougliout tlie country as the founder and owner of the Dow string of drug stores, Cincinnati, died on October 18, a few days after she had disposed of her business to a syndicate of Cincinnati and Cleveland capitalists. Tuberculosis, brought on by over- work and Uie strain of business life, was the immediate cause of death. Miss Dow was a thorough busi- ness woman. As a child she wanted a musical education, but fate decreed tliat she should be a pharmacist. Her father, Edwin B. Dow, was a \'ermont Yankee, and when his health failed his daughter felt herself called upon to take charge of his drug store. At fif- teen she entered the Cincinnati College of Pharmacy and gradu- ated in 1888. well up in her class. She then took charge of her father's store in West 5th street, and from that time on her suc- cess was pronounced. New stores were added to her string from time to time until she became known as the leading woman druggist of the country, conducting eleven stores under her name. Miss Dow was credited with being a woman of more than average ability, a natural aptitude for business and was an in- defatigable worker. She was found at her desk early and late, and this attention to details told upon her strengtli in her later years. In early life she was her own janitor, me,ssenger, sten- ographer and bookkeeper, and wrote her own advertisements, besides attending to the professional side of her business. In many ways she was a remarkable woman. In addition to her business enterprises, she was a patroness of many of the largest musical activities of Cinciimati. Miss Dow's will, which was filed for probate a few days after her death, indicates that she left an estate valued at over a million dollars and possibly nearer two million. She bequeathed about $700,000 to the Cincinnati Symphony Or- chestra, of which she was a devoted patroness. All of her money was made in the retail drug business in the past 26 years. Miss Dow remembered all of her old employes in her will. FRANCIS C. BONE Francis C. Bone, one of the proprietors of Coutant's Phar- macy, New Rochelle, N. Y., died from heart disease at his home in St. Catherines, Ont., on October 19. For thirty years Mr. Bone served as a clerk in the employ of the late Tames L. Coutant, who willed his business to Mr. Bone and W. H. Carter, a fellow clerk who also had been in Mr. Coutant's employ for many years. It was estimated at the time of ^Ir. Coutant's death that the two clerks would eventually share be- tween them about $150,000. Mr. Coutant had been in the drug business in New Ro- chelle for fifty-five years, and at his death, which occurred in 1908, was 84 years of age. Mr. Bone, in addition to the half interest in the business, also inherited a large part of his employer's estate. Mr. Bone was a native of Canada and served his apprenticeship at St. Catherines, Ont., his preceptor being A. J. Greenwood. He later attended the Ontario College of Pharmacy. He was a pastmaster of Huguenot Lodge, F. and A. M., of New Rochelle, a Knight Templar and a Shriner. He was about 54 years of age. LOWELL M, PALMER Lowell M. Palmer, since 1908 president of the corporation of E. R. Squibb & Sons, and prominent in other business and manufacturing circles Ne Lowell M. Palmer Fr..\xcis C. Bone York, died on September 30, at his summer home at Stam- ford, Conn. He was in his seventy-first year and resided at 206 Clinton street, Brook- lyn. He was bom in Chester, Ohio, and when sixteen years of age enlisted in the Union Army, serving throughout the Civil War. He took part in all of the battles of the Army of the Cumberland, including Chickamauga, under command of Gen. George T. Thomas, and was with Gen. Sherman in the Atlanta campaign. He was mustered out as a captain At the close of the war Mr. Palmer came east and begn a career that made him i not- able figure in the business life of New York City, .^mong his other activities he was for thirty years a director of the American Sugar Refining Co., President of the Brooklyn Cooperage Co., the Brooklyn Elevator and Milling Co., a director in the Colonial Trust Co. and the Franklin Trust Co.; the Palmer Lime and Cement Co., the Manhattan Life Insurance Co., the United States Lloyds, Market and Fulton Bank, Colonial Safe Deposit Co., Union Ferry Co., and held interests in numerous other business en- terprises, besides his connection with E. R. Squibb & Sons. Mr. Palmer became identified with the Squibb concern in 1905, when on the reorganization of the company he was elected a member of the board of directors, his son-in-law, Theodore Weicker, being chosen as president. In 1908 Mr. Palmer succeeded to the presidency of the corporation, Mr. Weicker becoming vice-president. Mr. Palmer was trustee of the First Presbyterian Church of Brooklyn and a member of the Society of Colonial Wars, the Ohio Society of New York, and of the Loyal Legion. A widow and six children survive, Lowell M., Jr., and Carleton H., sons, and four daughters, one of tliem being the wife of Theodore Weicker. If the terms of the will of the late Lowell M. Palmer, presi- dent of E. R. Squibb & Sons, are carried out, Carleton Hum- phreys Palmer, one of the sons, will succeed his father as head of the firm. According to the will, which was filed in Brooklyn on Octo- ber 7, Mr. Palmer left the greater part of his estate to his widow, Grace Foote Palmer. Carleton Humphreys Palmer was the only one of the six children to receive any of the estate outright. His share was $50,000, one half of which he comes into possession of at once and the rest at the age of thirty. On the death of his mother Carleton Humphreys Palmer also receives his share of the residuary estate with his other brother and his sisters. Three daughters of the deceased, Grace Marion Johnston, Lilly Cortelyou Mcllvain and Ethel J. Palmer received bequests of $20,000 each in trust, while a debt of $55,616.07, charged against Lowell M. Palmer, Jr., an- other son, and one of $21,441.42, charged against Mrs. Florence E. Weicker, a daughter, were cancelled. No definite disposal was made by Mr. Palmer of the large holdings of stock in the Squibb firm and no bequests were made to charitable organizations or institutions. The total value of the estate was not stated in the will. 484 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [November, 1915 CLARENCE B. STODDARD Clarence B. Stoddard, a pioneer business man of Monroe, Mich., and for forty-three years proprietor of a well-known phar- macy in that city, died recently, following an operation for appendicitis. He was born in Monroe 67 years ago, and in his long career as clerk and proprietor of more than half a cen- tury, he had won for himself a high place in the business and social activities of his native city. He had served as a member of the board of public works and devoted much time and energy for several years in developing the municipal lighting plant into a business success. He had also served as a member of the Michigan Board of Pharmacy, receiving his appointment during the administration of Governor Bliss. His widow and two sons. Warren and Harry S., survive, the last named being a graduate of the College of Pharmacy, Uni- versity of Michigan. At the funeral the pallbearers were six of the pharmacists of Monroe, — Dan A. Hagans, Walter C. Peters, Gustave C. Merz, John Weisel, Howard Comstock and Frederick Kolb. FREDERICK A. UHLICH Frederick A. Uhlich, 99 years old, died early in the morn- ing of September 25, at his home, 2001 A Salisbury street, St. Louis. He became ill August 27, when arrangements were being begun to celebrate his one hundredth anniversary. This veteran druggist retired in 1885, his store being at 2001 Salis- bury street. Medicine, in his store, was free to worthy poor who could not pay. He was born in Kaufungen, Saxony, November 20, 1815, and at 23 joined a colony of about 700 Lutherans who chartered three vessels and sailed for America. One of the ships was lost and the passengers were never heard from. The other boats reached New Orleans and the passengers made their way up the Mississippi to St. Louis, and settled in Perry county. Mo. Uhlich helped to found a religious school at Altenberg, Mo. He then returned to St. Louis and entered the drug business at Eighth street and Franklin avenue. He was one of the organizers of Trinity Lutheran Church. A son, Frederick, and a daughter, Mrs. William Kraemer, survive. CHRISTIAN" LOTZ Christian Lotz, druggist, of Brooklyn, N. Y., died from paralysis on October 20, his sixty-eighth birthday. He was born at Eisenbach, Germany, his father being a physician. He was educated as a chemist and pharmacist at the univer- sities of Eisenach and Leipsic. He served throughout the Franco-Prussian War and then came to this country, opening a store in the Bronx. In 1890 he went to Brooklyn where he had been in business since. He was a collector of rare postage stamps and coins, of which he possessed a large and valuable collection. His widow, a son and daughter survive. RECENT DEATHS — Charles E. Feldner, 57, a leading druggist, of New Or- leans, La., and a brother of George D. Feldner, also of New Orleans, whose death was reported in last month's Era. died at his home in that city on October 9. He died without knowledge of his brother's death, the information Ix-inp; with- held from him on account of his own serious rondition. He was a native of New Orleans and had been cngaiied in the .Iniy Im^iiiiss since 1891, operating scvi^ral storc-s till his re- Kii MMMi list October, when he was foin.l i il til insiness, which he later sold, and then bought a drug store on Dix avenue, in the same city, which he oper- ated for some years. For the last 14 years he had been con- nected with Parke, Davis & Co. His widow, mother, six sisters and four brothers survive. — Curtis A. Darr, a well-known druggist and member of the common council, of Canton, Ohio, was stricken with apo- plexy last month, his death occurring shortly thereafter with- out regaining consciousness. He was bom in Pike Town- ship, Ohio, and was a graduate of the pharmacy department of Ohio Northern University. He had been engaged in the drug business in Ulrichsville and Canton for about 13 years. His widow, a son, James Darr, and his parents survive. The mayor, councilmen and city officials attended the funeral in a body. — Philip H. Reifert, for 35 years senior partner in the firm of Reifert & Kimmey, 128 W. Fayette street, Syracuse, N. Y., is dead. He was stricken with a severe attack of stomach trouble and died within a few minutes. He was bom in Rome, N. Y., 54 years ago, and when a young man attended the New York College of Pharmacy, graduating in 1883. He was prominently identified with the various ISIasonic Orders, the Elks and held membership in the New York State Phar- maceutical Association. His widow and one son, John Henry Reifert, survive. — James N. Hodgson, a prominent druggist, of Pottsville, Pa., is dead. He was in his 69th year. In early life he entered the pharmacy of William Saylor, whose daughter he married and succeeded to the business which he successfully conducted as proprietor for many years. He was a veteran of the Civil War and was widely known by business man throughout the state. His widow and two daughters sur\-ive, one of them being the wife of E. S. Femsler, the present manager of the pharmacy. —Harry E. Murbarger, for fourteen years city salesman for the Mooney-Mueller Drug Co., and for nine years previ- ously for the Indianapolis Drug Co., Indianapolis, is dead. He had been in failing health for some time. He was bom at Harrison, Ohio, in 1873 and moved to Indianapolis in 1886. He was a past exalted ruler of Elks Lodge No. 13 and was a prominent figure in the White Elephants, a local organization of druggists. His widow survives. — Ernest Storm, a registered pharmacist, employed in a Mattoon, 111., drug store, died suddenly on October 10 from ptomaine poisoning, contracted from eating oysters. He was to have been married the following day and had secured trans- portation for his wedding trip, intending to go to Denver. He was 21 years of age. —Fred Howe, proprietor of the drug store at 244 North Main street, Wichita, Kansas, died at a local hospital recently. He had been sick for several months. Before starting in business for himself he was employed at the Swentzell dmg store. He was 32 years of age and a Mason. A widow and adopted son survive. — Frank H. Hanna, aged 43, for fifteen years proprietor of a drug store at Springdale, Pa., is dead, his death follow- ing that of his wife by four months. He was educated in the public schools and the Pittsburgh College of Pharmacy, and was a member of Pollock Lodge, F. & A. M. His mother survives. —Abraham Van Winkle, president of Hanson & \'an Winkle, manufacturers of chemicals, Newark, N. J., died on September 30 of apoplexy. He was 77 years of age, and for the Inst twenty years had spent his winters on an island which he owned in the Bahamas. He was bom in Pompton, N. J. — A. B. Mercer, 59, once a prosperous druggist at Mt. Gilead, Utica, and other Ohio towns, and recently an employe of the general hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, died in that city last month. The body was taken to Martinsburg, Ohio, his native city, for burial. — Fr.\xk Nicholson, widely known as a druggist and com- mercial photographer, without any assigned reason for the act, recently killed himself with a rifJe shot through his liead. He was 50 years of age. A widow and married daughter survive. — S. b. Kumler, aged 67, a druggist, of London. Ohio, died after a long illness on September 15. His widow and three children survive. The funeral was under the auspices of Madison Lodge, No. 70. I. O. O. F. — D. N. Benzie, a dmggist. who had been living at Minne- apolis, for some months, committed suicide in the city hy tak- ing poison. Letters found in his clothing indicated that he had lived at Elk River, .Aberdeen, S. D., and Leipsig, N. D. November, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 485 — George H. C. Klie, physician and pharmacist, St. Louis, Mo., for years active in the etliical advancement of phar- macy, died recently, having just completed his seventieth year. He was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1845, and was early left an orphan. He came to the United States as a boy and was reared by an uncle. After serving his apprenticeship he opened a store in North St. Louis, which he conducted for many years. About twenty years ago he studied medicine and at once began practice in that profession, still re- taining the management of his drug store. He was identi- fied with many pharmaceutical associations, including, tlie A.Ph..\., and had ser\ed the St. Louis College of Pharmacy as secretary and the Missouri Ph. A., as secretary and president. — Joseph A. Temm, 51, a retail druggist for .^3 years, his last business location being at 1900 Franklin avcnuf, ."^t. Louis. Mo., died on October 5, following an optratioii which he underwent at St. John's Hospital a monlli ago. He was a native of St. Louis and early in life became associated with his father, H. H. Temm, in the drug business. At the time of his death he was president of the H. H. Temm Realty & Investment Co. His widow, three brothers and a sister survive. — \. Sewell Putnam, for 25 years proprietor of the drug store at the comer of Park and Common streets, Charles- town, Mass., died October 13, after a brief illness, aged 60 years. He was a native of Danvers, entered the drug business as a boy in Charleston, and 30 years ago he began business on his own account in East Boston, which, after a period of five years, he sold out and removed to Charlestown. He is survived by a wife and daughter. — A. B. Mercer, of Cincinnati, formerly proprietor of drug Stores at Mt. Gilead, Utica and Coming, O., died of heart trouble at the Cincinnati hospital a short time ago, at the age of 59 years. Mr. Mercers whereabouts had been un- known to his family for the past five years, his brother, F. T. Mercer, postmaster, of Newark, O., being in the city at the time of his death. The widow, a daughter and several brothers survive Mr. Mercer. — Dr. Lloyd Stump, druggist, of Milford, O., was fatally injured recently when an automobile in which he was driving turned turtle, pinning hini beneath it. By the time assistance reached him he was at the point of death, and died before medical assistance could be had. Dr. Stump was only 32 years of age. and was well known. He was buried by the Masonic lodge to which he belonged. — W. H. Deb.\un, dmggist and prominent church-worker at Comishville, Tenn., was killed on the evening of October 9. his assailant firing a shotgun loaded with slugs and bullets through his store window, the charge striking in the face. He died immediately. He was 51 years of age and superin- tendent of the local Sunday-school. A young daughter survives. — Henry ^L Billin-gs, a former member of the firm of Tarrant & Co., New York, died October 13 at his summer home in Poland Springs, Me., in his 84th year. He was a native of Boston, but for more than half a century he had made his home in New York City. His city residence was at 28 West Fiftieth street. — Noel Meigs Pease, 64, for many years proprietor of a drug store at Enfield, Mass., and until the time of his final illness manager of a store at Stafford Springs, Conn., is dead after an illness of twelve weeks with intestinal trouble. He was a skilled pharmacist, a member of the Knights of Pythias and William Horton Camp, Sons of Veterans, and a vestryman of Grace Church. — Horace Conrad Nelson, for more than twenty years pro- prietor of a drug store at Halstead and Van Buren streets, Chicago, is dead, after a long illness following an operation. His widow and a son, Horace Conrad, Jr., survive. The funeral exercises were conducted by the Masonic lodge of which he was a member. —Andrew R. Dillman, druggist at McLean, III., since 1868. and prominent member of the Houser-Hoover Dillman family of Logan and McLean Counties, died on October 1 at the Brokaw hospital, Bloomington. He was a native of Ohio and was in his 75th year. A daughter survives. — Frederick J. Schroter, a pioneer druggist of Chicago, died on September 29. aged 64. He was the proprietor of a drug store in the Chicago Opera House block for many years, and at various times was interested in other stores. A widow, daughter and granddaughter survive. —Dr. E. S. Erney, a pioneer druggist of South Philadel- phia, Pa., and a graduate of the Jefferson Medical College, class of '74, died in that city October 13. He was 61 years of age and active in South Philadelphia politics. Two sons and a daughter survive. — S. W. Craig, 75, for the last 30 years proprietor of the drug store at 322 East 6th street, Cincinnati, Ohio, died on October 4 after a lingering illness. He was a Civil War veteran and prominent in Blue Lodge and Capitular Masonry. A widow survives. — John H. Fitzgerald," druggist, at 695 Main street, Bos- ton, Mass., stricken with heart disease, died suddenly on Oc- tober 15. He was 38 years of age. A widow and three sons survive. He was a member of the Cambridge Catholic Union and other organizations. — Miss Dorothy M. Broesler, daughter of William Broes- ler, a well-known druggist of Brooklyn, died at her father's residence on October 7. She was a member of St. Nicholas Church and for many years was an active leader in the young people's societies. — Thaddeus C. Smith, engaged in the dmg business with his brother, at Ashton, III., dropped dead of apoplexy at De Kalb while in that city on business. He was born at Ashton, February 9, 1827. A daughter, Mrs. Fannie Abbott, of Colona, 111., survives. — James P. Emerson, 70 years of age, a retired druggist of Cincinnati, ended his life recently on account of long-continued ill-health. He had been paralyzed for 15 years. His wife and daughter constitute the surviving family. — James Kennedy, a veteran druggist, Columbia Falls, Mont., is dead. He was well known throughout the Flat- head country and for many years had conducted a drug store in the city where he died. — William M. Gleick, a retired druggist and at one time the proprietor of a drug store in Waukegan, III., committed suicide while in Chicago. It is said that he was despondent at the time he died. — Mrs. B. Krigbaum, an early pioneer of Denver, Colo., and mother of Miss Mary Krigbaum, treasurer of the Scholtz: Drug Co., that city, died recently at her home in that city. — J. M. Ramsey, for several years manager of the New- Monterey Pharmacy, San Jose, Cal., is dead from a complica- tion of diseases which terminated in Bright's disease. Dry Sunday in Chicago a Success Reports from Chicago indicate that the first "dry" Sunday in forty-three years passed quietly with but a few arre.sts for violation of the law. The successful closing is regarded as a great triumph for the prohibition forces. Mayor Thomp- son received thousands of telegrams of congratulation. Nu- merous devices were resorted to by the thirsty to secure alco- hol in a legal way. Dmg stores became the mecca of count- less pilgrimages and pharmacists reported that the most ancient and aged prescriptions they ever had observed, calling for "remedies" with liquor as the chief ingredient, were presented. The Chicago Retail Druggists' Association passed a resolution warning its members against any violation of the law. The soda fountains of Chicago profited largely. FRENCH ALCOHOL MONOPOLY PROPOSED The French Minister of Finance has presented to Parliament a bill proposing to suppress the privileges of so-called bouil- leurs du cm, privileges by which farmers have heretofore been permitted to distill alcohol for their own consumption without paying excise taxes. It is also proposed that there should be a Government monopoly on denatured alcohol from 1917 onward, and that the inland tax on alcohol be raised to 500 francs per hectoliter ($96.50 to 26.42 gallons). Conducts a Juvenile Auto Contest The Three Forks Drug Co., of Three Forks, Mont., is carrying on a voting contest through the local newspapers and will give the child who secures the most votes a small auto- mobile. Fourteen contestants are well up in the race. 486 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [November, 1915 Indianapolis Drug Jobbers Consolidate A. Kiefer Drug Co. and Daniel Stewart Co. Now Doing Business as the Kiefer-Stewart Co. — Both Concerns Long Established. — William Scott, president; G. Barret Moxley, first vice-presi- dent and general manager, and Thomas A. Alford, di- rector and 7nanager of cigar department of new Kiefer- Stewart Drug Co. The consolidation of the Kiefer Drug Co. and the Dan- iel Stewart Co., of Indianapolis, Ind., as the Kiefer-Stewart Co., marks an important development in the wholesale drug business of that section of the country. The management of the new firm will be in the hands of the men who have grown up with the two old companies, and with whom most of the retail druggists in their territories have a personal acquaintance. The consolidated business will, in a short time, be carried on wholly from the A. Kiefer Drug Co. building at Capitol avenue and Georgia street. _ The same selling force that represented the two old companies will con- tinue to represent the new company in their respective terri- tories. The consolidation took effect on October 1. The officers of the new company are: President, William Scott; vice-president and general manager; G. Barret Moxley; second vice-president, A. Kiefer Mayer; third vice-president, Michael P. Lynch; secretary and treasurer, J. Edward Stilz; chairman of the board, Charles Mayer. The directors are Thomas A. Alford, Fred G. Beckman, Oscar C. Maurer, Charles Mayer, A. Kiefer Mayer, G. Barret Mo.xley, Bert O'Leary, Ellsworth L. Olcott and William Scott. The growth and development of the two companies, each from a modest beginning to rank among the largest wholesale houses of the country, is coincident with the growth of Indian- apolis, and the state as well, and while competitors for more than fifty years, the competition was of a character that served to build each individual business. Daniel Stewart went to Indianapolis in 1863, from Greens- burg, where he had owned a successful retail drug business. With Stephen Morgan and Thomas Barry, he succeeded to the business which had been rondurtcd by William Hanne- man since 1840. That was th,- inl l.- .jinniim of the Daniel Stewart Co., the firm then 1> inu n is si, wart & Morgan. In 1876 Mr. Morgan withdr. w .m.l uniil J imiary 1, 1883, the business was conducted as Stewart & liarry. Shortly after- wards Mr. Barry withdrew and Mr. Stewart carried on the vorl: under his nwn iinine until his death in 1906, at which 1 i,v John E. Carey aud William Scott ! nie of the Daniel Stewart Drug L' Company Founded in 1863 hug Co. was founded by Augustus Kiefer MMv of Lis (leitb, March 6, 1910, he was 11 1 in point of years ! r Kiefer was also a ;,. Indiana. When he 1 a small wholesale business, shipping himself. ; Mi ..art held as a first principle andising tlu- duty of the jobber to protect Tl' in the ' contn retail first . doin^' ■ Boil •of SUtaa s,slul his customers and to this end they were always ready to co- operate with the retail druggist in every movement for his betterment. The Kiefer-Stewart Co. has a capital stock of $550,000 and the new building, which was recently completed by the Kiefer Co., expressly for a wholesale drug house, offers ample ac- commodations for the combined business. PERSONALS — I. A. Anderson, druggist at Dow City, la., has disposed of his business to Earl Allen and will take a course iti the Chicago Veterinary College, while his wife is registered for Ph.C. work at the University of Illinois College of Pharmacy. Mr. Anderson is a graduate of Iowa University College of Pharmacy, '09, while his successor hails from the same insti- tution, class of 1905. — Dr. Henry P. Hynson, of Hynson, Westcott and Co., Baltimore, as chairman of the Retail Druggists' Association, has been elected a member of the International Rotary Club. He is also a delegate from the Baltimore Rotarians to the City-Wide Congress, which aims at securing improvements and advancing the interests of Baltimore in other ways. — Walter Becker, a druggist, of Middletown, Ind., who sold poison to a man who later committed suicide, is being sued by the father, Elisha Neighbors, for $10,000 damages alleging that the druggist was responsible for his son's death. — William C. Royse, a graduate in pharmacy of Purdue University, was recently elected president of John Morton Chapter, Sons of the American Revolution. He has been active in the work of patriotic societies for several years. — I. H. Pierce, a graduate of the College of Pharmacy, Iowa University, class of 1912, and now an instructor in chemistry at the State Agricultural College, Pullman, Wash., was recently married to Miss Ruth Bliss at Salem, Iowa. — E. S. Rennick, druggist, at Hemville, Mont., recently re- turned from an extended trip which included a tour through Yellowstone National Park, the entire distance going and com- ing being covered by automobile. — G. L. Cameron has accepted a position as pharmacist with the W. W. Pearce drug store, Waukegan, 111. He worked in the same store several years ago and his old friends in the town were glad to welcome him home. — Samuel Gordon, of Tipton, la., a leading pharmacist and Dr. Henrietta Allen, of Cedar Rapids, an alumna of the S. U. I. college of dentistry, were married in Iowa Cit>'. The marriage was a complete surprise to their friends. — Henry J. Laporte, druggist, of Holyoke, Mass., recently announced his candidacy for the position of managing director of the chamber of commerce of Springfield, left vacant by the resignation of Rev. Dr. John H. Lyon. — Peter Vei.lema, a druggist, of Grand Rapids, Mich., was secretly married to Miss Lottie From recently. The friends of the couple did not know of the event until the pair had departed on their honeymoon. — F.. E. Ckow. oldest druggist of Cleburne, Texas, was seri- ouslv iiurnul ^vith sulphuric acid on October 12 and was im- niediatrly removed to his home where he was placed in the care of a physician. — Silvio De Bartolomeis, formerly engaged in tlie drug business in Wilmington, Del., has returned to Italy where he will enter the army. He expects to be assigned to the hospital corps. — N. T. Jones, for the last six years a pharmacist at the Jacksonville, 111., State Hospital, has entered the St. Louis College of Pharmacy where he will study the higher branches of the work. —A. J. Merrtman, of the Sagar Drug Co., Auburn. X. V . has entered the list of married men. Miss Keen, now Mrs Merriman, was associated with Mr. Merriman for a long time Dr. George F. Patoe, a former president of the .\mcrican Pharmaceutical Association, is a member of the Ensincerinp Commission of the City of Atlanta, Ga , re. entlv apromtcd. I Jobbers Would Curb Increase In Number of Drug Stores N. W. D. A. At Convention in Santa Barbara, Passes Important Resolution — Other Business. Charles J. Gibsox James W. Morrisson ON'E of the most important accomplishments of the con- vention of the National Wholesale Druggists' Associa- tion at Santa Barbara, Cal., recently, was the adoption of a resolution declaring "that competition in tlie retail drug trade has reached that stage where further stores are unde- sirable." The full text of this resolution follows: Resolved, That it is the sense of the National Wholesale Druggists' Association, in convention as- sembled, that competition in the retail drug trade has reached that stage where additional stores as a rule are undesirable; that the starting of new stores where strong competition already exists should be discouraged by individual members of this associa- tion. To this end members should refuse to accept opening stock orders except for cash, payment to be made on or before delivery of goods. That whenever possible members should encourage the purchase of existing stores and discourage the start of new stores in localities where not required. When new stores are opened our members should exercise as far as pos- sible advisory supervision over the investment in furniture and fixtures, including soda fountains. They should also carefully supervise the purchase of stock in order that the same may be well balanced and not of a character that would result in a burden to the buyer. Some simple system of bookkeeping should also be encouraged and insisted upon, and if necessary, books secured and opening entries made. Elect C. J. Gibson President Charles J. Gibson, of Walker & Gibson, drug jobbers, Albany, N. Y., was elected president of the association. Mr. Gibson has been identified with the wholesale drug trade for 45 years. His partner, Mr. Walker, who died in 1904, had served as president of the N. W. D. A. Thomas F. Main retired from the secretar>ship and Francis E. Holliday was elected his successor. Mr. Holliday has been connected with the association since 1899, when he became vice-chairman of the committee on proprietary goods. A few years ago he was made general representative, a position specially created for him. Mr. Holliday has served as retail druggist at Topeka, Kans. The new officers of the association are as follows: President, Charles Gibson, president and treasurer of Walker & Gibson (Inc.), Albany, N. Y., succeeding Charles A. West; first vice-president, C. F. Michaels, vice-president of the Lang- ley & Michaels Company, San Francisco, Cal., succeeding Wil- liam J. Mooney; second vice-president, Joseph H. Brown, vice-president and manager of the C. J. Lincoln Company, Little Rock, Ark., succeeding J. R. Tague; third vice-presi- dent, Dr. Adolph W. Miller, president of Aschenbach & Miller, Philadelphia, succeeding F. E. Bogart; fourth vice- president, C. A. Faus, vice-president and manager of the Smith-Faus Drug Company, Salt Lake City, Utah, succeeding John Phinizy; fifth vice-president, H. R. Moore, of the Houston Drug Company, Houston, Tex., succeeding John G. Mason. Board of Control : — James W. Morrisson of Fuller-Mor- risson Corp., Chicago, chairman ; Charles E. Bedwell of E. E. Bruce & Co., Omaha, Neb.; George R. Merrell of the J. S. Merrell Drug Company, St. Louis, Mo.; L. D. Sale, presi- dent of the Western Wholesale Drug Company, Los Angeles, Page fnuT eighty-seven Cal., and Frank C. Groover, of the Groover-Stewart Drug Com- pany, Jacksonville, Fla. It was decided to elect a New York trust company to take charge of the treasurer's work, but for the present the treasurer, Samuel F. Strong, of Strong, Cobb & Co., Cleveland, O., will be asked to continue in office. Baltimore Gets Next Convention Baltimore was selected for the next convention, commencing October 15. Among other cities which extended invitations were New York, Chicago, Louisville and Savannah. The opening session of the convention took place Monday morning, September 27. The president, Charles A. West, of Boston, called the meeting to order. There followed the usual formalities, including an address of welcome by a city official of Santa Barbara, a response by Robert R. Ellis and short addresses by Joseph K. Lilly, Herbert B. Harding, Dr. William R. Loughlin and Thomas F. Main, who represented various associations. The president's address dealt with various conditions in the drug trade, the effect of the war, legislative work, the Federal narcotic law, tariff and income taxes, a national poison law, price maintenance and various other pertinent topics. He referred to the death of Albert Plaut, former president of the association. At the conclusion of President West's address the entire membership rose and stood in silence in memory of Mr. Plaut. Secretary Main reported that the association had been for- tunate in acquiring the services of Evans E. A. Stone as as- sistant secretary. Mr. Stone read the report of the work of the secretary's office for the past year. This report dealt with activities in connection with the National Drug Trade Con- ference, relations with the Chamber of Commerce of the United States and the National Fire Protection Association and similar routine matters. It was reported that the new edition of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia will be ready for distribution by January 1, 1916. The report on membership showed 261 active members and 346 associate members up to February last. The treasurer's report showed that the general expenses of the association for the year had been $20,383.04, includ- ing committee expenditures, leaving a balance on hand on September 21 of 59,605.83. The membership committee recommended the following to membership. Active, Fuller-Morrisson Corp., Chicago; Associ- ate, American Hard Rubber Co., New York, Anedemin Chemical Co., Chattanooga, Tenn., James C. Beach, M.D., New York, Brooks Barley Co., Boston, Thos. Burkhead, Inc., New York; Cumberland Glass Mfg. Co., Bridgeton, N. J.; Eberhard Faber, Brooklyn, N. Y.; General Drug Co., New York; H. K. Mulford Co., Philadelphia; Oil Products Co., New York; Martin H. Smith Co., New York; St. Louis Commission Co., St. Louis, Mo. Reports on IT. S. Chamber of Commerce E. D. Taylor, of Richmond, Va., national councillor for the association to the Chamber of Commerce of the United States, said in his report that at the third annual meeting of the Chamber of Commerce the seven hundred or more representa- tives present recommended, among other things, the enact- ment of a Federal poison law, of a uniform state narcotic law, of an efficient uniform state drug sanitation law, and the amendment of the state pure drug laws. Under the subject of food control the Chamber recommended the enactment of a Federal cold storage law, the amendment of the state pure 488 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [November, 1915 food laws, providing for the compulsory declaration of the quantity of the contents of packed food products upon the container, and the enactment of an efficient, uniform state food sanitation law. The Chamber also declared itself in favor of the Federal Food and Drugs Act, the enactment of an effective uniform advertising law, prohibiting the false and fraudulent advertising of foods and drugs, and the build- ing of a merchant marine. Regarding price maintenance, Mr. Taylor said the committee had not yet completed an in- quiry into tlie subject but that it was convinced that legis- lation permitting the maintenance of resale prices, under proper restrictions, or identified merchandise, for voluntary purchase, made and sold under competitive conditions, would be to the best interest of the producer, the distributor and the pur- chasing public. The report of the committee on commercial travelers and selling methods, presented by J. A. Gallagher, of Kansas City, said that all the answers received to the inquiry, "Is the trade over-solicited?" indicated that about eighty per cent of the members felt that the sales force could be reduced 10 to 20 per cent. Neglect Selling of Paint The report of the committee on paints, oils and glass, read by assistant secretary Stone in the absence of the chairman, Carl Leich, of Evansville, Ind., said that it was the belief of the committee that the wholesale druggists did not pay enough at- tention to the selling of paint, which, their investigations had led them to believe, was one of the best paying sidelines they could carry. The report of the committee on special anti- narcotic legislation, sent in by C. Mahlon Xline, a member of the committee, said that no important weakness had been discovered in the operation of the Harrison law and that all which remained was for the states to pass parallel laws. One of the most important reports placed before the convention was that on transpor- tation given by the chairman of the trans- portation committee, A. J. Tapping, of Peoria, 111. Mr. Tapping said the opening of the Panama Canal had greatly facilitated coast to coast shipping and called attention to the fact that the shipments from West to East had been considerably greater than those from East to West. Owing to the recent increase in freight rates, the committee reported a greatly increased business by parcel post. The committee on proprietary goods expressed the belief in their report that 50 per cent of the sales of wholesale •druggists were of proprietary goods. The members of the associa- tion were urged to work for the passage of the Stevens price maintenance bill. Buying Clubs Declared on Wane In regard to buying clubs the report of the committee says: ^'We are gratified that the statement made in our report last year that the buying club movement appeared to have reached its apex has proven to be correct, and that no organi- zation of any importance of this kind has been formed since our last meeting, and throughout the country at large trade conditions which have been affected by these clubs shows considerable improvement. Manufacturers of all kinds of goods handled by the drug trade are paying greater atten- tion to the distribution of their products through wholesale agents than they formerly did. They are beginning to realize that tlie buying club is not really a useful agent for them in this work, as all such organizations which have been reason- ably successful are located in congested centers where the retailer can readily be supplied by his regular jobber, and that these clubs are of no assistance whatever to them in sup- plying quick service and complete distribution in outlying territory. . . . "Experience has taught the members of buying clubs and other co-operative organizations that the cost of rendering good service and quick deliveries to members is almost as great as that of tlie jobber, and the free and easy statement that the 'jobber is doomed' and that the fabulous profits derived by him should be diverted to tlic retailer are no longer in evidence. The facts are that the experiences which the re- Thomas F. Main tail druggists have had with co-operative organizations has taught them to appreciate the service rendered by the jobber, and many of the best business men of their ranks now realize that their business can be conducted more practically by making frequent purchases of the quantities which they really need, keeping their stocks fresh and having their goods in a salable condition, which are of more real value to them than the supposed saving of a slight difference in the price of the goods purchased. The position of the jobber seems to be a more positive and definite one at present than it has ever been in the past. The rapid changes which have taken place in the last few years in both the wholesale and retail drug trade make an assembler of the daily requirements of the retail druggist, be he large or small, an absolute necessity, and the wholesaler, to meet these changing conditions, is the logical person to supply this want. "The pure food and drugs act has made the question of quality a large factor in these changed conditions, and the retail druggist who is alive to his own interests can well afford to give the larger proportion of his business to the jobber upon whom he can depend for goods of the proper quality, rapid execution of orders and prompt deliveries. The ful- filling of these essentials has, of course, greatly added to the cost of the wholesale drug business, and it is the opinion of your committee that the successful wholesale druggist will be the man who is able to meet the demands of the retailer and who will be a good enough merchant to charge a suit- able price for the goods which he sells to allow him a moderate profit for the service which he renders." Drug Store, vs. the Pharmacy Belief was expressed on the part of the com- mittee on credits and collections that the time was coming when there would be a distinc- tion between the drug store and the phar- macy. The report of the committee gave, in addition to the war and the general tendency to buy as little as possible, four reasons which are instrumental in producing the present un- favorable condition in the drug trade. These are, a lack of sufficient capital, a too large proportionate investment in furniture and fix- tures, a liberal proportion of the balance of the capital being invested in the prescription department and, as a result, the smaller part of the capital only being invested in the class of merchandise which is active and brings the most profits. The report continues : "In the judgment of the committee the time is coming when the larger cities will be served by exclusive prescription pharmacies. Some time in the future there will be a distinc- tion between the drug store and the pharmacy. The result of this division, in our judgment, will be beneficial. It will secure greater confidence on the part of the physician, and will act in a measure to restore the writing of prescriptions by the physician rather than office dispensing. The public will re- ceive much better protection and the practice of pharmacy will be on a much higher plane than is at present the case." Prescription Trade Less Profitable Letters received from jobbers in various parts of the coun- try by the committee indicate tliat everywhere the importance of the prescription department in tlie drug store is waning. One Chicago jobber said, "The growing tendency of all phy- sicians to dispense has made the prescription department a less important feature in every store, and it would be a good thing for the trade if the prescription business could be sepa- rated frcim the rest of the business and operated as it is in the (ln\\ntM\Mi ilistricts of this city, by exclusive prescrip- A lai,i;c Inilianapolis jobber says, "The prescription de- partment of the average drug store is practically nil. and if a registered pharmacist or assistant registered man did noth- ing but put up prescriptions then it would be useless for the druggist to attempt to do that business at all." "The prescription department of a drug store is a thing of the past," says a Michigan jobber. "The only explanation is, the tendency now is for exclusive prescription stores." .\ Xew York State jobber says, "The constantly increas- ing practice of physicians, viz., to do their own dispensing, compels the druggist to increase his charges for prescriptions November, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 489 , since his overhead expense remains the same. This, again, has a further effect in reducing prescription sales, which ' means another increase in price and still another reduction in 1 sales. Most pharmacists, therefore, are in the condition which you describe. It is my opinion that the prescription business ■ will not last much longer as a department in a retail drug store." Figures were furnished to the convention by the committee showing that the average expense of doing business had in- creased, for all parts of the country, from 11.85 per cent in 1909 to 12.50 per cent in 1914. In 1878 the general aver- age was 9 per cent. Proprietaries Offer Serious Problem 1 There appear to be three reasons why the sale and dis- tribution of proprietary articles forms one of tlie most seri- ous and perplexing problems which the wholesale druggist has to meet to-day. These may be summarized as "the great in- crease in the number of articles placed on the market by old and new proprietors, resulting in the greater percentage increase in the distribution of small fractional quantities and the growing disposition of jobbers in some sections of the country to offer special discounts on their sales of this class of merchandise." A table made up from the records of several business houses shows that the num- ber of small sales has vastly increased with the result that the necessity for detail in the wholesalers business organization has in- creased. It also shows that the proprietor is dependent upon the wholesaler for the dis- tribution of his goods, and establishes the re- tailer's dependence upon the jobber for his daily wants. The report of the legislative committee re- viewed in considerable detail the legislation of the year concerning the Harrison narcotic act the' Paige patent bill, the Stevens price maintenance bill, the honest advertising law, the food and drug laws, the pharmacy legis- lation and the formula disclosure legislation. The committee on the drug market pre- sented an interesting report and comparison of prices. The following comment on present condi- tions in the drug market is of interest : "When we compare present prices with those ruling a year ago we better realize what branch of industry the drug business is, and we important Iso realize how dependent one country is upon another for the mainten- ance of such important lines of trade. That this dependence will be materially lessened in the future is a foregone con- clusion, and while it is not conceivable that a war like the present will ever be possible again, nevertheless a repetition would probably not cause the same conditions in the drug markets of the world that this one has produced. It must be recognized that Germany has always been the important factor in the production of chemicals, and few of us realized how completely she dominated the situation on the other side. We have always recognized the American man- tifacturers as being among the largest and most important in the world but their outputs were to a great extent consumed entirely in this country, and when we consider that the export of drugs and chemicals (including dyestuffs, medicines, etc.), for the first four months of this year amounted in value to almost eight million dollars, as against about eight and a half millions for the corresponding periods of 1914 and 1913, we appreciate more or less the reason for this uplift in prices that has taken place throughout the entire line. Of course, it does not mean that these exports were made up entirely of American made goods, as there are no doubt included in these figures goods of considerable value that had previously been imported into this country, but the exports even now continue very heavy, and these are made up almost entirely of goods manufactured in this country. "It must also be said in favor of the domestic manufacturers that they have tried to the best of their ability to keep the domestic demand supplied at reasonable prices, and while the question of supply and demand has furnished the actual basis for the uplift in prices, speculation has also played an im- portant part therein. "It is absolutely impossible at this time to predict with any degree of certainty tlie future of the market, as indeed such a prognostication would be impossible as regards the market in general, or even in the case of any one article that one may care to analyze and try to arrive at a conclusion at thereon. Using, for instance, carbolic acid as a matter of discussion, it very seriously affects a great many prominent articles in our line; in fact, its importance is so great that the newspapers of the country are devoting considerable space t(T it, and while we hear continually of new and large interests taking up the manufacture of it, and the erection of numerous plants, we still find it selling at its highest level and a demand far in excess of the supply." The comparisons of prices were published in Weekly Drug IM.VRKETs of October 13. Resolutions were presented by the committee on memorials for the following: Jesse M. Battle, Battle & Co., St. Louis; Benjamin O. Wilson, B. O. & G. C. Wilson, Inc., Boston, Mass., John R. Planten, H. Planten & Son, Brooklyn, N. Y.; George Merrell, William S. Merrell Chemical Co., Cincinnati, Ohio; Edward H. Hance, Hance Bros. & White, Philadelphia; James B. Horner, James B. Homer, New York; Edwin H. Hammer, Keasbey & Mattison Co., Ambler, Pa. ; Theodore Armstrong, Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Co., Philadelphia, Pa.; Alfred H. Kennedy, The Charles N. Crittenton Co., New York; Joseph A. Velsor, Peek & Velsor, New York; George W. Evans, Evans-Smith Drug Co., Kansas City; George D. Whitney, Whitney Glass Works, Glassboro, N. J.; Anthony Gref, The Bayer Co., New York; Frederick W. R. Eschmann, the New York Pharmaceutical Association, Yonkers, N. V. ; Peter P. Van Vleet, Van Vleet-Mansfield Drug Co., Memphis, Tenn.; George Massey, Lanman & Kemp, New York; Albert Plant, Lehn & Fink, New York; Harry W. Schuh, Schuh Drug Co., Cairo, 111., and Paul P. Rau, Fair- mont Glass Works, Indianapolis, Ind. The Annual Banquet The annual banquet of the association was largely attended and at this time the retiring and the newly elected officers made speeches. .•\n excellent menu was enjoyed. Many social features were provided for the entertainment of the delegates and the ladies. Automobile rides, dances and entertainments, furnished by the ladies of the local association, provided a wide variety of amusement for the guests. F. E. HOLLIDAY Chicago Drug Club Elects Officers At the annual meeting of the Chicago Drug Club, which concluded with a smoker at the Hotel Sherman, officers were elected for 1916. C. G. Knight was chosen as the next president. The other officers elected were: First vice-president, H. M. Moffett; second vice-president, Richard Voge; third vice-president, Harry H. Kneevers; recording secretary, J. A. Swanson; financial secretary, J. M. Schwalbe; treasurer, C. A. Abrahamson; chairman entertainment committee, Peter J. Roth. New Bedford Druggists Elect At a meeting of the New Bedford Druggists' Association,. September 13, 1915, the following officers were elected: Presi- dent, William E. Jennings; vice-president, Charles T. Smith; treasurer, M. C. Healey; Secretary, John M. Kelleher. Post Cards for the Drug Store Practically every druggist now carries a line of post cards showing local views made from their own photographs of noteworthy local .subjects. These cards have a wide sale, both to the inhabitants of the city and to visitors who desire to have a souvenir of their trip. Some very interesting specimen cards are shown in the latest style book which is being sent out to druggists by the Curt Teich Company of Chicago. These cards are made up in seven different styles of plain tints and colors, and are of excellent grade. This concern also makes a line of advertis- ing blotters and ad envelopes which many druggists are using to give their store the proper publicity by having the interior or exterior of their place reproduced in its natural colors. 490 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [November, 1915 Goldwater Ordinance Opposed by Retailers Kings County Pharmaceutical Society Hears Report by Dr. Wm. C. Anderson — New Pharmacopoeia Out January 1. Discussing the proposed Goldwater formula disclosure ordi- nance which is slated to go into effect on December 31, Dr. William C. Anderson, in giving the report of the legislative committee of the King's County Pharmaceutical Society, at the regular meeting on Tuesday, said that it was the sentiment of all branches of the drug trade that the law was unconsti- tutional and could never be enforced. "At a meeting recently held in New York," said Dr. Ander- son, "representatives of the wholesalers, retailers and patent medicine men agreed to pay no attention to the regulation should it go into effect. The first case will be contested to the limit. Whether it is a retail druggist or a manufacturer, a defense fund will be provided to carry the case to the high- est court. If the ordinance aimed to drive only the fraudu- lent and improperly labelled patent medicines off the market, all branches of the trade would stand behind it, but this is not the case. That can already be done under existing laws. It is the purpose of this law to drive all patent medicines from the market." If the law should be enforced it would mean that every retail druggist would have to give up the manufacture of his few special remedies or else give the formula to the health department. "The scheme gives one man the right to decide the therapeutic value of a patent medicine," said Dr. Ander- son. "It seems that the doctors are going to benefit largely by increased fees. The ordinance is an injustice to both the wholesale and retail druggists of the city for it will force the manufacturer to take his product off the market and do busi- ness by mail. The proposition concerns the whole nation, for if the ordinance is put in effect in one place it will be adopted in others." It was the sentiment of many of those present that the whole idea was inspired by certain influential doctors and while the sincerity of the intentions of the Commissioner of Health was not doubted, it was felt that outside influences had played an important part in the drafting of the regulation. Prof. Otto Raubenheimer reported to the society that the new United States Pharmacopoeia and the new National For- mulary are now in the hands of the printer and would be ready for distribution by January 1. Prof. Raubenheimer said that the new Pharmacopoeia would probably become official about May 1. The trade matters committee reported that agents of the de- partment of health were closely inspecting the soda fountains in the drug stores and were recommending to all the druggists a small heater, made by a local gas company, as a method of keeping the soda glasses sterilized. A resolution was passed providing $100 (for the use of the committee. A letter was read from Peter Diamond asking the co-opera- tion of the association in the drug exhibit which is to be held in Madison Square Garden and suggesting the possibility of the formation of a club of retail druggists in New York City with permanent headquarters. A committee was appointed to confer on the matter with Mr. Diamond. HIGH PRICES A BLOW TO RETAILERS Jersey City Druggists Discuss Situation at a Recent Meeting The unsettled condition governint; tin market for drugs was thoroughly threshed out at a mci ting held by the Jersey City Retail Druggists Association on October sixth. Unpre- cedented high prices of drugs and chemicals which are ten times the original values since the beginning of the European war were the center of discussion. Preliminary movements were planned to eliminate the hardships which now burden the druggists of Hudson county because of the exorbitant prices asked by distributors and manufacturers. Leading representatives of chemical firms in the country were present and reviewed the advance in prices covering over several hundred items. It was stated that a large num- ber of items have been dropped, owing to the shortage of supplies. It was pointed out by a comparison of prices that, one drug advanced $9.18 a pound, and others $4 and $6.55 respectively, which cover only a few of the items affected by the war. The American public is shouldering the cost and the end of further sharp appreciations of values is not yet in sight. Ameri- can manufacturers, considering to equip their plants with costly machinery to manufacture preparations, are holding aloof, fear- ing that if the war should end, they would be confronted with probable keen competition by foreign manufacturers which they would be unable to meet. Figures from a table compiled by a leading Jersey City drug- gist showed one thousand prescriptions, which resulted in an average net profit to the druggist of only two and one-half per cent, in face of the most modern methods employed. TRUSSES AS A SIDE LINE IN DRUG STORES Joseph R. Sutter, president of the Iowa Pharmaceutical As- sociation, a prominent retail pharmacist of Burlington, re- cently read a paper before that organization in which he stated that trusses constituted a side line, the possibilities of which he believed were not fully appreciated by the average retail druggist. In his twelve years of experience in truss-fitting he has found that the majority of truss wearers are not looking for cheap trusses, but they do want one that is comfortable to wear and which will hold the rupture securely. To avoid competition and the fear of being undersold, an exclusive agency is desirable. Special attention is required to work up a business, as also a room in which to carry the stock of trusses and in which there is a comfortable couch for the customer to rest on while being fitted. This private truss room is featured in his advertising. He uses an ad in the local newspapers once or twice a month in which he offers to fit trusses, guaranteeing satisfaction or money refunded. This sort of advertising has brought him many new customers. Occasional exclusive truss window dis- plays are also employed, and truss literature is enclosed with prescription blanks sent to physicians. He says that most of the doctors, rather than spend time attempting to fit trusses themselves, are willing and glad to send patients to him to be treated properly. No commission is paid to the physician for this trouble, but if a physician does his own fitting, a discount of 25 per cent from the usual retail price is allowed. Push- ing the truss business also tends to increase the sale of ab- dominal belts and elastic hosiery to both physicians and their patients. MEYER BROS. TO PAY ALL CLAIMS Trustees for the Meyer Bros. Drug Co., St. Louis, on Sep- tember 27, presented a written proposition to creditors in the office of Referee Coles, providing for payment of all claims within seven years. Hearing was adjourned to October 18, in order to hear from creditors, a large proportion of whom, it was stated, had already agreed to the proposition. The trustees' offer provided for payment of 10 per cent of claims upon the expiration of the first second and third years, IS per cent on each of the fourth and fifth years and 20 per cent upon each of the sixth and seventh years. Treasurer C. W. Wall of the company estimated the total indebtedness at about SO50.n00. He said the business had fallen from a normal of <;^O0C).00n annually to about $3,500,000 annually, but that the ir iil.- would rome back under the proposition offered and sup- I'ly I i>rofit to meet the terms of the agreement. State Official Makes Denial In Patten Suit Dr. Oscar S. Dowling, president of the Louisiana State Board of Health, has denied that he and the Board of Health had offered John .'\. Patten $50,000 to compromise the suits growing out of the display on the health car of the Baird of the amount of alcohol contained in Wine of Cardui. Dr. Dowling said he had not thought of offering one cent to com- promise the suit, to say notliing of $50,000. The plaintiffs ask only $25,000 damages. November. 1!)151 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 491 NEWS OF A. PH. A. BRANCHES Charles H. La Wall Frederick J. Wulllng C. H. Packard Members of the American Pharmaceutical Association have been voting the past month upon the candidates for presi- dent and other offices. At the recent convention in San Francisco the nominations for the presidency were Frederick J. Wulling, dean of the College of Pharmacy of the University of Minnesota; Charles H. LaWall, of the Philadelphia College of Pliarmacy and C. H. Packard, president of the Massachusets College of Pharmacy. The voting closes November 1 and the result ivill be announced -within a jew weeks. NEW YORK BRANCH At the first regular meeting of the Xew York branch of the American Pharmaceutical Association for the winter season Prof. V. H. .\rny presented for the benefit of the members his paper on "Standard Colored Fluids" which he previously read at the San Francisco meeting of the association. Prof. Arny, after several years of e.xperimenting, has suc- ceeded in obtaining a line of colors which he believes are standard. To do this he has used a series of neutral greys from which to make the other colors. The new solutions are capable of giving a color twenty-five times as strong as had previously been obtained. Prof. Arny pointed out that the practical use of the work was in the matching of colors and that it was now possible to match any shade desired. He also brought out clearly the chemical relationship of the colors, showing that a fiftieth normal solution of copper has relatively just as much blue as a fiftieth normal solution of cobalt has red. In making his demonstrations, Prof. Amy used the new Lascoff ampules and at the conclusion of the talk Mr. Las- coff demonstrated his new ampule filling apparatus which works on the vacuum principle and enables the druggist to prepare his ampules and capsules much faster than by the old method. Mr. Lascoff announced that he would present his new ap- paratus to each of the colleges of pharmacy. Previous to the reading of the papers, Caswell A. Mayo reported on the social side of the meeting of the American Pharmaceutical Association at San Francisco. Mr. Mayo attributed a large share of the success of the convention to the beauty of the California women. J. C. Gallagher, for- mer president of the Xew Jersey Pharmaceutical Association, reported on the work of the annual convention at Spring Lake and a report by Dr. Dickman on the meeting of the New York State Pharmaceutical Association was read. President Lascoff appointed a committee on the Roemer memorial. Previ- ous to the meeting an informal dinner which was well attended ■by the members was held at the "Alps." DETROIT BRANCH .At the meeting of the Detroit Branch of the A.Ph.A., held in the Wayne County Medical Society Building, W. A. Hall gave a short talk on a method for estimating quickly the amount per dram of any drug in an N. F. or U. S. P. formula, the volume of which is one litre. The scheme is, add one- ■seventh to the amount of the ingredient and divide by twenty. The paper of the evening was by W. L. Scoville on for- maldehyzed capsules. Mr. Scoville has carried out a series of experiments on this subject over a period of several years. The capsules were treated with solutions of formaldehyde of various strengths and then placed in acid and alkaline solutions similar to those of the stomach and intestine. The correct procedure for making enteric capsules was shown by this ex- cellent paper. Much discussion followed, every member pres- ent taking an active part. Mr. Scoville also gave a very in- teresting description of the meeting and the Fair at San Fran- cisco. The following gentlemen were appointed to the Membership Committee: F. F. Ingram, Jr., chairman; E. R. Jones, C. A. Weaver, D. E. Perrin and Grant Stevens. At the meeting held on October IS the programme consisted of some very interesting papers and discussions on prescrip- tion pricing. The subject was gone into very thoroughly in the papers read by Harry B. Mason, Mr. Chase, and Mr. Stewart. The general opinion seemed to favor the Evans' rule for pricing prescriptions with some exceptions such as a well known proprietary like Maltine or a small inexpensive prescription like an eye lotion. PITTSBURGH BRANCH The initial meeting of the Pittsburgh Branch of the A.Ph.A., for the season of 1915-16 was held at the College of Pharmacy, October 15th. The programme as announced was "Proposed Wood Alcohol Legislation" and the discussion was opened by Dr. Louis Emanuel, who stated that under the poison law of Pennsylvania wood alcohol is not a poison according to the definition set down therein. "Physiologicallly, ethyl alcohol as well as methyl alcohol, are considered to have toxic prop- erties, the latter being regarded as the more potent, in fact so potent that legislation for a proper regulation of its sale seems desirable. "Referring to action taken at the 1915 meeting of the A.Ph.A. on this subject a certain type of label was recommended for general adoption for wood alcohol containers, a portion of the wording being: 'It is unlawful to use this fluid in any article of food, beverage or medicinal or toilet preparation intended for internal or extenral use.' Now," said Dr. Emanuel, "this label looks all right, but it is not truthful in the statement that its use is unlawful in toilet preparations, at least in Penn- sylvania, for the reason that this State has no law on the sub- ject. The Pennsylvania Food Act of 1909 prohibits the use of 'alcohol or any other ingredient deleterious to health' in 492 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [November, 1915 any food, or article that is used in the preparation of any food. It considers food to include beverages; hence, so far wood alcohol is taboo. But not so in toilet preparations." Dr. Blumenschein reported that he had interviewed the coroner on the subject, who said there had never been a case of wood alcohol poisoning brought to the attention of his office during his incumbency which covered a number of years. Dr. Darbaker said the use of wood alcohol in the hat-mak- ing industry is common and that many workmen have become blind from its effects. He presented an article on the subject which cited one hundred cases of deaths and blindness due to its use. Dr. Blumenschein said there are a number of States in which no record is kept, hence the number of deaths as officially reported could have but little bearing as a whole. Dr. Saalbach cited personal experience with Columbian spirits, the label upon which claimed it to be non-poisonous and commended its use in the preparation of external rem- edies such as tincture of iodine, etc. Later this misstate- ment having been called to the attention of the manufacturers, the wording of the label was changed. The ordinance effective in New York City was commende<)i and on motion of Dr. Koch the Branch adopted a resolution advising that effort be made to have legislation in accord therewith adopted generally. Dr. Wurdach exhibited by blackboard illustration a method in use by him in the post graduate course of the Pittsburgh College of Pharmacy for producing methyl alcohol. CHICAGO BRANCH The first montlily meeting of the Chicago Branch of the A. Ph. A. was held on October 18, with an attendance of 150. The discussion centered about the Illinois State Board of Pharmacy examinations, Leo. L. Mrazek, Frank J. Butler and Wm. J. Clancy, members of the board, presenting the scope of the examinations, the nature of the questions asked and the why and wherefore of this legal testing of the knowledge of candidates for the profession of pharmacy. Teachers and prominent pharmacists replied. Among those who spoke were Professors W. B. Day, C. M. Snow, A. H. Clark, of the University of Illinois, Professor C. W. Patterson of Northwestern University, Professor G. L. Secord of Loyola University, Secretary T. H. Potts of the N.A.R.D., Secretary I. M. Liglit of the Chicago A.R.D., Secretary H. C. Christen- sen of the N.A.B.P., and Patrick Coffey, vice-president of the Chicago Drug Clerk's Association. Mr. Mrazek stated that of the six divisions of the examina- tion, pharmaceutical arithmetic, written materia medica, phar- macy and chemistry, the oral quiz and the prescription com- pounding, in his opinion the pharmaceutical arithmetic was equal in importance to the others. Of the ten questions of this examination, two were commercial problems, two chemi- cal problems, two specific gravity or specific volume problems, two in percentage and two in alligation. Three points were prominently presented in the discussion and tacitly endorsed by the meeting: 1, the absolute need in every state of a strong, properly-conducted examination to de- termine the fitness of the candidate the enter pharmacy; 2, the great desirability of the pre-requisite, i. e., a thorough training in a suitable systematic course of study in a school or college of pharmacy before admission to the State board examination; and, 3, the importance of adequate preliminary education be- f. >i( :i(Iini-sinn to the school of pharmacy. Mr. Christensen stii'.l 111 It the only safety for the profession of pharmacy lies ill raisinu the standard of pharmaceutical education. He earnestly desired and expected that by 1920 the colleges of pharmacy would require a high school education for admission to their classes and that boards of pharmacy would require college graduation for admission to their e\aiiiin:ili(iii The Illinois Board of Pharmacy examination'; wn, is a rule, highly commended. The scope of its examinations has been adopted by many other states. Criticism was made against the type of question that is not directly applicable to the U.S.P. or N.F., that is, questions in botany and plant histolo£r>' should test tlie candidate's knowledge of the botanical and histological terms used in the U.S.P. or N.F. The .sanii hnUU true for questions in theoretical and analytical chcniistiy and theoreti- cal pharmacy. BALTIMORE BRANCH The Baltimore Branch of the A.Ph..\. began its fall work with a meeting on October 20. The gathering was in the nature of an Autumn rally, and the proceedings were therefore rather informal. Various matters were taken up for discussion, among them tlie forthcoming biennial meeting of the Maryland Legislature, at which various legislative matters of interest and direct concern to pharmacists will be introduced. The pro- ceedings of the parent body at the annual meeting also came in for considerable attention, and Dr. Henry P. Hynson, one of those who attended the deliberations, gave an outline of what was done. NEW ENGLAND BRANCH The New England branch of the A.Ph..\. opened its fall season October 14 with a joint dinner with the B..-\.R.D. at the Crawford House, Boston, President J. F. Waterhouse of the latter organization presided. The guests were John N. O'Donohue, deputy collector of internal revenue, who spoke on the government regulations as applied to narcotics, and James F. Finneran, president of the executive committee of the N.A.R.D. The following officers were elected: Fred W. Archer, of Milton, president; William H. Glover, of Lawrence, vice-president; R. Albro Newton, of Southboro, secretary-treas- urer; Frank F. Ernst, of Jamaica Plain, chairman of the com- mittee on professional relations; Carlton B. Wheeler, of Hud- son, chairman of the committee on membership. PHILADELPHIA BRANCH The first of the 1915-16 winter meetings of the Philadelphia Branch was held at the Medico-Chirurgical College, the meet- ing being called to order by President S. C. Henry. A communication from the N. Y. Branch with an account of the death of President John Roemer, was read. The secre- tary was directed to convey to the N. Y. Branch the regret of the members at the loss of such an able man. Louis Ger- shelfeld was proposed and voted upon to be a member of the branch. The program of the evening included the following: Jos. W. England, a report of the San Francisco meeting of the A.Ph.A.; S. C. Henry, the N.A.R.D, convention; in the ab- sence of R. P. Fischelis, Prof. C. H. LaWall gave an interesting account of the convention of tlie Pennsylvania Ph. A. WOMAN WINS FAIRCHILD SCHOLARSHIP For the first time in the eleven years that it has been competed for, the Fairchild scholarship, offered by Fairchild Bros. & Foster, New York, to encourage pharmaceutical edu- cation in Great Britain and Ireland, was won this year by a woman. Miss Doris Gregory. The scholarship amounts to 50 pounds and is intended for tuitions for the minor ex- aminations. Miss Gregory, who lives at Battersea Park, London, S. W., was registered at London and apprenticed to Miss M. E. Buchanan, Ph.C. MP S., Gordon Hall, Gordon Square, W. C. She then held .several other positions and has now returned to Buchanan Co., Ltd. ^liss Gregory was one of thirty-five competing candidates. The Scotland prize of 5 pounds was also won for the first time by a woman, IMiss Marjorie G. McDiarmid, Trinity. Edinburgh. William Riyliv. i stiioughton. near Bolton. Lanes., who was second in m l r of i- . l it. won the prize for Eng- land and Richard Llo\il, liitii, w.m the prize for Wales. There were no candidates from Ireland. Dinner Given for W. H. Cousins W. H. Cousins, of Dallas, Texas, who was recently elected second vice-president of the National .Association of Retail Druggists, was the guest at a dinner given in his honor by the Dallas County Retail Druggists' Association at the Hotel Sutherland. Among the speakers at the banquet were Z. E. Marvin, who acted as toastmaster: J.icob Schrodt C. O. Laney, E. G. Eberle, W. D. Adams, C. A. Duncan and W. H. Cousins. Mr. Cousins is editor of the Southern Pharma- ceutical Journal and is a most active member of the local association. The dinner was followed by dancing. November, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 493 SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES NEW YORK COLLEGE OF PHARMACY Tlie first regular meeting of the S6th session of tlie Col- lege of Pharmacy of the City of New York was held on the evening of October 19, at which time an impressive mem- orial of the late Albert Plaut was read by Robert Lampa of the firm of Lehn & Fink. Memorials were also read for George Massey, Felix Hirsenian and Karl Aschendrand. Dr. Henry Rusby, reporting on the meeting of tlie Ameri- can Pharmaceutical Association in San Francisco, said that in his opinion the most important result of the meeting was the further establishing of pharmacy as a profession. A large part of the convention was devoted to the subject of educa- tion of the pharmacist. He characterized President Mayo's address as one of "judicious conservatism." Dr. George C. Diekman, chairman of the delegates to the New York convention, reported that the membership commit- tee had been unusually successful during the year in bringing new nien into the association. Dr. Harry V. Amy reported on the Xew Jersey State convention and Dr. Anton \'orisek gave an account of the meeting of the Connecticut State Phar- maceutical .\ssociation. Following the reports there was an interesting discussion on the rights of inventors under the patent laws in this and foreign countries. It was pointed out that in this country the inventor was able to charge an excessive price for his product compared with what could be obtained for it in other countries. UNIVERSITY OF IOWA The College of Pharmacy was represented at the American Pharmaceutical Association meeting at San Francisco, August 10-14, by Dean Wilbur J. Teeters and Professor Zada M. Cooper. Dean Teeters, as secretary of the Conference of Pharmaceutical Faculties, was required to be in San Fran- cisco August 6tli, as the Conference held their meeting prior to the meeting of A. Ph. A. as did the National Boards of Pharmacy. The entrance requirements of the College of Pharmacy by action of the State Board of Education has been raised to full high school graduation to become effective September, 1915. Professor R. .\. Kuever is spending ten days in San Fran- cisco on a combined business and sight-seeing trip. The Phi Delta Chi National Convention was held in San Francisco at the time of the A. Ph. A. meeting. The local chapter of Phi Delta Chi was represented by Dean Teeters. The local chapter has moved into a fine chapter house on Clinton street, one block from the University Campus. The chapter has a good membership of the best students in the college and is looking forward to a very prosperous year. Something over $2,000 has been spent this last summer in repairs and remodeling the Pharmacy and Chemistry building. An electric elevator and other improvements make the build- ing quite modem. A course in business training which will include accounting and salesmanship has been added to the Pharmacy Course, and will be given by the department of economics. A three-day session of business lectures and conferences will be given by the Extension Department of the University, open to all dmggists of the State. .\ complete program will be sent to every druggist in Iowa and it is hoped that a large attend- ance will be secured. The date will probably be November 11, 12, and 13, preceding the annual "home coming" and the Ames Iowa foot ball game. Gustav Scherling. of Sioux City, Iowa, offers a prize of nomi- nation to membership in the American Pharmaceutical Associa- tion to the member of senior class who has the best aver- age in Organic Chemistry for the year. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Osborne .\. Brines. B. S. (Phar.), '15, has accepted a posi- tion in the laboratory of Frederick Stearns & Company, De- troit, Mich. Robert G. Brown, of Pigeon, Mich., enrolled as a candidate for the degree of B. S. (Phar.), will assist Professor Stevens this coming year in Pharmacy. Gordon A. Bergy, pharmacist in the University health ser- vice laboratories, is doing advanced work in the College of Medicine during the summer session. Arthur Schlichting, B. S., '12, a member of the faculty of the department of pharmacy of the North Dakota Agricultural College, is spending his vacation with his parents in Detroit. Prof. Charles H. Stocking, dean of the School of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma, has charge of several courses during the Summer Session. Lynn Stanford Blake, Ph. C, B. S. (Phar.), '13, professor of pharmacy, of the Alabama Polytechnic Institute, is attend- ing the Summer Session in Pharmacy, pursuing graduate stud- ies leading to the degree of M. S. (Phar.) C. V. Nichols, who will receive his M. S. (Phar.) at the close of the Summer Session, is assistant to Professors Glover and Stocking, and will take the position of instructor in phar- macy at the Kansas City College of Pharmacy. Henry N. Oellrich, Narrowsburg, N. Y., enrolled as a can- didate for the degree of B. S. (Phar.), has been appointed as- sistant in organic analysis and food and drug analysis. Henson H. Thomas, B. S. (Phar.), '15, called to fill the vacancy in the Hospital Dispensary of the Quincy Mining Co., Hancock, Mich., has entered upon his duties. Charles R. Eckler, Ph. C, '02, pharmacologist, received the degree of B. S. (Phar.), at the recent commencement. He is the donor of the Eckler Prize. Elmer H. Wirth, Sandusky, Ohio, was awarded the Eckler Prize, consisting of a cabinet of crude drugs, for the best labo- ratory work in pharmaceutical microscopy. At the annual meeting of the Flavoring Extract Manufact- urers' Association, held in Cleveland, J. R. Dean, M. S. (Phar.), '15, presented the results of his research upon vanilla extract and its manufacture. Dean J. O. Schlotterbeck was also in attendance. ST. LOUIS ALUMNI BANQUET At the annual meeting and banquet of the Alumni of the St. Louis College of Pharmacy, recently held at the Ameri- can Annex Hotel, Jerome Wilkerson and the committee put on several stunts which gave new life to an affair which for several years has been rather over-formal. The menu was in pharmaceutical Latin. The speeches were limited to ten minutes, and each of the speakers was intro- duced by music. Dr. Whelpley, dean of the college, arose to the tune of "Darling, I Am Growing Old" and didn't seem a bit embarrassed. "Maryland, My Maryland" introduced Professor Charles E. Caspari, while Charles Geitner, affec- tionately known as "father of the alumni," responded to the tunc of "Here Comes My Daddy Now." Instead of the usual cigars and cigarettes, each guest was provided with a cob pipe (Missouri meerschaum) and a small bag of tobacco. A group of cabaret girls added music and joy to the occa- sion. That the new style of entertainment was appreciated was shown by the fact that the older men, who in past years have started for home about ten o'clock, stayed until the end. W. B. Bolm, one of the organizers of the association forty years ago, was ijrescntcd with an aluminum seal, gold relief and set with a diamond, in recognition of his years of hard work for the association. Others of the original members who are now living are Henry T. Bechtold, Charles Geitner, Francis Hemm, Charles A. Lips, Edward Oesch, Adolph Pfeffer, Robert C. Schroeder, Otu A. Wall and Fred. F. Whiting. Jerome Wilkerson, to whom the success of the affair was due, is a young man of extraordinary ability and is a member 494 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [November, 1915 of one of the large drug firms of the city. He has been prominent in most of the pharmaceutical societies in town and has made a marked success in his business. UliriVEIlSITY OF TENNESSEE The School of Pharmacy of the University of Tennessee, Memphis, opened with a considerable increase in the enroll- ment. A new instructor, Mrs. Emma Hutchinson, Ph.C, has taken charge of the lecture and laboratory work for the junior year. Several other changes have been made in the faculty of the school. Professor Robert L. Crowe has been made assistant dean of the department. Professor Harry Weiser resigned to accept the chair of physical chemistry at the Rice Institute, Dallas, Texas, and his position as instructor in pharmaceutical chemistry and assaying has been filled by Prof. Nash from the University of Mississippi. Prof. Nicely of Princeton Uni- versity has been elected to fill the professorship of physiology and physiological assaying, formerly held by Prof. Harris. Eugene W. Wright will conduct the quiz work for the juniors on the theory and practice of pharmacy. Many of the alumni of the school are now holding respon- sible positions. John Doyle, '12, is head prescription clerk and manager of Battier's pharmacy in Memphis. A. N. Swindler, '14, Sam Wadell, '14 and Frank Artaud, '15 are in the prescription department of the Mosley-Robinson Drug Co., Memphis. Ray Dorris, '13, is proprietor of a hustling pharmacy in Stuttgart, Ark. J. H. Grant, '14, is secretary and treasurer of the Smith Drug Co., Jellico, Tenn. W. R. Little, '14, is managing one of the McCorkle pharmacies in Meridian, Miss Harrold Rambo, who was graduated from pharmacy in 1911, is now a junior in the medical school. H. M. Crawford, who was out of school a year, has returned to complete his senior year. U. OF I. SCHOOL OF PHARMACY The i|fty-seventh session of the University of Illinois School of Pharmacy (Chicago College of Pharmacy) began September 21 with an enrollment of 125 first year students and sixty-eight second year students. Professor A. H. Clark, who has been away for a year, spent in study at the University of Michigan, has returned to resume the professorship of chemistry in the school. Pro- fessor Lynn, who held the position temporarily during Pro- fessor Clark's absence, has been called to Oklahoma Agricul- tural College at Stillwater, Okla., where he will teach chemistry. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY The George Washington University, Washington, D. C, has added several new courses in the department of chemistry this year. Among these is a course in dye chemistry by Dr. Charles Edward Munroe, head of the department and dean of the School of Graduate Studies. A course is also being given in general laboratory chemistry, designed to supersede the one in which Cook's text-book was used. This course has been formulated by Otis Swett, assistant professor, and it will be given in conjunction with Dean Munroe's chemistry lectures. The first half-year the course will be devoted to theoretical chemistry and the second half to descriptive chemistry. Louisville Opening in Charge of Alumni Members of the Alumni Association were in charge of the exercises at the opening of the forty-fifth annual term of the Louisville College of Pharmacy, addresses being made by Simon N. Jones, president of the college, and C. J. Rosenham, of tlie Alumni As.snriation. In addition to the musical pro- gramme, a paper on liifilogiral products was read by A. P. Markendorf. William F. Tafel, '74 and Theodore Gaesser, '79, were the oldest alumni present. Notre Dame Receives Spanish Prescriptions For use in the department of pharmacy, University of Notre Dame, Ind., Prof. Robert Lee Green has received 3,000 pre- scriptions in Spani<;li. nnrl wliirli were presented by George San Pedro, of ( . • ' I ^ur, r,il.,, a son of the former governor of tl^ : ;imi .|i 1 Ki,i. In most of the presrrinlions tin i m . mplnvod for expressing the units of w,-': ' i , irnsurc. FORDHAM UNIVERSITY The Fordham University College of Pharmacy opens its fourth session on September 17, 1915. In as much as the classes are limited, it is reported that the matriculation books will soon be closed. Dr. Gustave Horstmann has been appointed as one of the . full-time professors at Fordham University College of Phar- macy, where he will work in conjunction with Dr. J. Diner. He also takes charge of the pharmacy of the Fordham Uni- versity consultation clinic. UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND The Department of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Bal- timore, has begun the new scholastic year under very encourag- ing conditions, the number of new students being far above that of recent years, while some additions to the junior class are still being made. Various improvements have also been completed, which are designed to facilitate the work of instruc- tion. The make-up of the faculty is about the same, and the members feel that even better results are confidently expected than before. Dr. Daniel Base, of the Department, has been elected secretary and acting dean of the tiniversity, succeeding temporarily Dr. Dorsey Coale, who died some time ago, until a dean can be elected. Dr. Base, being one of the Department of Pharmacy faculty, the selection is regarded as a special tribute to the department. CREIGHTON UNIVERSITY The senior class of Creighton University department of pharmacy, Omaha, Neb., has elected the following officers for the year: President, H. A. Winn, Grand Island; vice-presi- dent, B. H. Benson, FuUerton ; secretary, Miss Leona Crowley, Harvard ; treasurer, A. A. Peterson, Lyons, Neb. UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN The college year has opened with an increase of attendance in the department of Pharmacy, and with bright prospects for a successful year's work. H. P. Reif, '13, has re-entered the University to take up work in pharmaceutical journalism. Mrs. Edward Kremers and Miss Elsa Kremers entertained the women of the pharmacy department at their home in Wingra Park on the afternoon of October 2. In order to save the crop of belladonna leaves from threatened frost the students of the two year's course engaged one after- noon in a competitive picking of belladonna leaves. Miss Irene Staples proved the most efficient leaf picker, collecting 4.255 grams of leaves in an hour. A. G. Du Mez, Ph.G., '04, M.S., '10, whose return to this country was expected this summer, has been persuaded to continue his duties as Director of the Course in Pharmacy at the University of the Philippines until the opening of the second semester. A part of the collection of Philippines drugs sent last year by A. G. Du Mez and Valerio Jaehrling. Ph.G.. '07, is now on exhibit in the corridor of the Chemistry Building. Other parts- will be exhibited later. GREEN SCHOOL OF PHARMACY The ninth class of the Green School of Pharmacy, Indian- apolis, held its graduation exercises in the Ir\'ington class rooms on October 8. One of the features of the closing of the term was the bano.uet of the Gamma Sigma Phi fraternity, many of the former gr.iduatos of the school being present. The members of the gradu.atiiii; class were: E. O. Il.-aton. ScinU-villr. Tiul : Ray S. Sisson. Decker, Ind.; Louis IT !>i\. KinuiiKin. liu] ; T Proctor Xunn, Morganfield, Ky.; W.tli.-r v.. Fannin-, Mi.!.!l.':..wn. 0.: Carl \V. Grossman, IIuntinslDii, Ind.:; lil.uuhc 1'.. Sisson, Decker, Ind.; Albert ('. Tones. Indiaiiaiiolis; Charles E. Matlock, Bowling Green, Tvy : William G. Snyder, Peru, Ind.; Lazarus Aultfeld, South Innd. Ind.; Harrcll X. Francisco. Indianapolis, Ind.; Homer D. Webster, Yorkvillc, 111.; Leo S. Flanedy, Indianapolis; M. Rcnfro Money, Mooresville, Ind.; E. P. Reed, Indianapolis; .■\rvid E. Tucker, Owensboro, Ky.; Robert D. Hoffner, Muncie, Ind.; Frank Kovalcik, Whiting, Ind.; Harry H, Stevenson, Portland, Ind.; Clarence Feuerbacher, Lincoln, III.; Willard L. Green, Indianapolis; George Edwin Pfau, Indianapolis; Sarsh- field Morris. Chamiiaign, III. NOX'EMBER, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 495 Million Dollar Drug Chain in Cincinnati Consolidation of Dow and Weatherhead Stores an Important Development — D. C. Keller, a Lawyer, Active Head of Business. The announcement of the merger of the eleven stores of the Dow drug chain in Cincinnati with the three stores of the Weatherhead Drug Company of the same cit>' to form a new corporation with a capital of SI, 000,000, constitutes one of the most important develop/- ments in tlie retail drug field for the year. This merger follows closely the sale of the Dow chain by the late Miss Cora M. Dow to a syndicate of Cincinnati capitalists headed by M. E. Springer and \Vm. H. Chatfield, Jr., of Chatfield & Co., invest- ment brokers. The combined establishments will be operated by the syndicate and D. C. Keller, who for the last few years has been the head of the Weatherhead Drug Co., will be president of the new corpora- tion and will be its active busi- D. C. Keller ness head. Mr. Keller, who is also a lawyer, will retire from the firm of Keller, Domette & Domette as soon as the details have been completed. The second deal involves the outright purchase of the three Weatherhead stores located at Sixth and Walnut streets, Si.xth and Vine streets, and Ninth and Vine streets. The new corporation, which has been underwritten by Chatfield & Co., will be known as the Dow-Weatherhead Drug Co. Of the $1,000,000 capitalization, $600,000 will be in common stock which has already been acquired by the capitalists who put the deal through, and $400,000 will be in preferred stock, a limited amount of which will be offered to the investing public. Associated with Mr. Keller on the original board of di- rectors of the new company will be Herman Jergens, who, with Mr. Keller, held the chief interest in the Weatherhead Drug Co., Attorney Guy M. Mallon ; A. M. Hopkins, who has been acting manager of the Dow stores under IMiss Cora M. Dow; M. E. Springer, who engineered the two deals; W. H. Chatfield, Jr.. and W. C. Hattersley, of Chatfield & Co., the underwriters. Other members will be chosen later. Weatherhead Business Founded in 1848 The Weatherhead drug business wast founded by Df, Weatherhead in 1848, when he opened a retail pharmacy of the old type at Sixth and Vine streets. When Dr. Weatherhead retired from active business in 1905 he sold the store to his son, Birdsall P. Weatherhead, and associates, who formed the Weatherhead Drug Co. Soon after the death of Birdsall Weatherhead in 1909. D. C. Keller, together with Herman Jergens and Herman Bolles, acquired an interest in the busi- ness. The Weatherhead stores are said to be among the best equipped in the country. The Dow chain of stores was started by Edwin Burleigh Dow, who died before his daughter, Miss Cora M. Dow, reached her majority. Upon her graduation from the Cincin- nati College of Pharmacy, Miss Dow took hold of the busi- ness and by persistent advertising made it one of the best known retail chains in the country. It is said that locations for five new stores have already been approved by the Dow- Weatherhead Drug Co. and that these will be opened within * year. Marshall Drug Chain Opens Sixteenth Store in Cleveland An cvrut attracting attention in drug circles, not only in i I 111 tlndugh northern Ohio, was the opening of \i iisiiill Drug Co.'s store, at Denison avenue and , ~ -iiv, !, Cleveland. This makes the sixteenth store 111 ihc M.iisiuill group in that city. The store occupies a prominent corner in the West Side, being located in the new Marshall building, which also houses the Denison Square theater, which, while also owned by the Marshall interests, has been leased. To celebrate the opening the Marshall drug store gave a theater ticket to each person taking 50 cents worth of merchandise. Two significant features stand out in this new store. One is that the prescription department is not located in the ex- treme rear or atop a balcony. It is ranged along the side of the store, occupying one-diird of the wall space. This makes it possible for the man in charge of that department to take care of the rest of the store at the same time, without undue effort. This feature was developed by F. H. Hawkins, general manager of the Marshall Drug Company. He says: "We have found that while the prescription department on a balcony is a good arrangement, as far as that branch of the business is concerned, it is a nuisance as far as the rest of the store is concerned, because of its inaccessibility. What is more important, we find it is in reality a clerk-killer. Hence we have put it where it is adjacent to all other departments, while, at the same time, it is by itself." The soda fountain is located half way back from the front of the store. This is an innovation in Cleveland, as in al- most every instance the fountain is given prominence close to the doors. "We made this change," says Mr. Hawkins, "be- cause we have discovered people who want the soda fountain will go to it, no matter where it is placed. This new wrinkle brings them past a lot of fine goods, and already we can feel the good results in the business attracted as the soda lovers pass to and fro. Also it draws the people to the rear of the store, where more business must be done, too." W. O. Peden, who has been connected with the main store on the Public Square, has been chosen as manager of the new store. General Manager Hawkins has inaugurated a Manager Club in the main building, where regular meetings are held, sug- gestions made and ideas exchanged. W. M. May, formerly of Tiffin, Ohio, has been appointed to the East Cleveland store of the company. The completed chain of stores of the Marshall group, and their managers, follows: 200 Superior avenue, Geo. Sheldon; West 25th street and Lorain avenue, C. Schwarzwaelder; corner Euclid avenue and Amherst (East Cleveland), Jas. Ziegler; corner Prospect and East 9th streets, Jas. Washington; 5607 Broadway, Harry Reinwald ; 5524 Euclid avenue, Fred Fogleson ; Woodland and East 55th street, H. Katzenemeyer; corner Hough avenue and Crawford Road, Ed. Rogers; corner Euclid avenue and East 105th street, Jno Meermans; corner Warren Road and De- troit street (Lakewood, O.), F. Rakestraw; comer Clark and West 25th street, H. Hagedorn; corner Lorain avenue and West 89th street, C. Schultz; corner Lorain avenue and West 98th street, F. VonDuyke; corner Superior avenue and I05th street, Roy Parks; corner Euclid avenue and Euclid Arcade, J. J. O'Neill; corner Deni.son avenue and West 25th street, W. R. Pedan. NEW JERSEY CONVENTION DATES The next annual convention of the New Jersey Pharma- ceutical Association will be held at the Hollywood Hotel, I..ong Branch, N. J., June 20-23. Dr. Hesse Opposed to Paig-e Bill Dr. Bemhard C. Hesse, consulting chemist and dye expert, of New York, spoke against the Paige bill at a recent meeting of the Rochester Chemists' Club. Dr. Hesse held that the operation of the bill, which makes compulsory the working of all patents taken out on coal tar dyes and medicinal and other chemicals two years after the patent had been created, was class legislation and would seriously hamper chemists who were working on inventions. Winona Drug Stores to Close Evenings During the winter months, the druggists of Winona, Minn., will close their stores at 8.30 p. m. every night except Mon- days and Saturdays. 496 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [November, 1915 House of Mennen Holds Its Annual Sales Convention The annual convention of the district managers of the House of Mennen was held at the home office in Newark from September 29 to October 2. The progress made during the past year and the prospects of the coming year were carefully considered. Among the topics discussed were the Stevens bill on price maintenance. It was decided that each of the salesmen were to urge all re- tailers to write to their Congressmen that they were in favor of having this bill passed. A larger advertising appropria- tion and more dealer co-operation work are among the plans for the coming year. During the first six months, an increase in sales was shown for all products over the corresponding period of last year. Shaving cream in particular showed an average gain of 141 per cent. The number of products manufactured by the House of Mennen will be increased during the coming year. Among those ready for the market are tar shampooing cream and Mennen's "Ruvia", which is a deodorant in cream form. The other new products will be announced around the first of the year. Among those present at the convention were the following officers: J. J. Korb, vice-president; W. G. Mennen, secre- tary and treasurer; W. A. McDermid, sales manager; and the following district managers: B. Poznansky, Fred Mefort, J. H. Markham, Chas. H. Meyer, Chas. H. Myers, C. N. Glover, H. E. Guischard, F. A. Fitz-Gerald, W. W. Williams; and from the Cheltenham Advertising Agency were present the Messrs. Hotchkin, Dailey, Van Patten, and as also were the department heads of the Newark home office. At the conclusion of the convention a banquet at the Hotel Claridge and a theater party were given the district man- agers and all were booked to go to the automobile race at Sheepshead Bay, which was postponed on account of the rain. Each of the district managers reported business conditions improving considerably and they are looking forward to greater strides during the coming year. Protector for Wursing Bottle Parents, nurses and mothers who have the care of children have doubtless experienced considerable trouble witli nursing bottles. Eidier the bottle was broken, the nipple kept pulling off, spilling the milk, or it was difficult to keep the milk warm. One man with an inventive turn of mind went through just these troubles with his two babies with the result that he got busy and devised a case to protect the nursing bottle. L. C. Butler, of 115 Broadway, N. Y., was the man and he calls his case the "Protecto". It is a liglit weight, seamless, sheet metal cylinder, nickel plated and lined with felt to keep the milk warm. The bottle is inserted from the bottom of the case and held in position by a screw cap or bottom cover which, when screwed into position, brings the top rim of the case in contact with the lower rim of the nipple, thereby holding tlie nipple firmly in position, making it impossible for the baby to pull it out and spill the milk. The case is graduated on the outside to exactly agree with the graduations on the bottle and small holes through the case and felt op- posite each ounce and half-ounce mark, permit a clear view and an accurate gauge of the contents without removing the case. ^ Mr. Butler believes that this case is go- Protecto" nursing flu ^ "crying" need in the home. bottle foundling asylums, day nurseries, and other places where diildren are cared for. The case fits the standard round eight-ounce bottle and is furnished, at retail, with bottle and nipple complete, for one dollar in the United Sutea. "Turnovers that Make Profits" A new booklet entitled "Turnovers that Make Profits", has recently been published by I. W. Lyon & Sons, Inc., New York City, manufacturers of Dr. Lyon's tooth powder. The book contains many suggestions which the druggist will fin4 valuable in increasing his trade. Some of the subjects which are discu.ssed are "Unique Selling Plans," "Good Window Trims," and "Profit-Making Secrets." A portion of the book is devoted to Dr. Lyon's service de- partment and in this the company offers to supply any retail druggist handling its products with electrotypes of advertise- ments for insertion in local newspapers. These advertise- ments are prepared by experts and are numbered and the size indicated in the reproductions in the booklet so that all the druggist has to do is ask for them by the number. The electrotypes are furnished free of charge. The booklet will be sent free to readers of The Pharmaceutical Era. New Package for Zymole Trokeys In order that Zymole Trokeys may be furnished in more convenient packages, Frederick Steams & Co. are now placing them on the market in a "triplet" package, suitable for the pocket or handbag, which sells for ten cents. These new packages come packed three in a box and the whole box may be sold for the old price of 25c. One of the "triplets" may be sold for ten cents, however, for the customer who wants a sample package or who hasn't room to carry the twenty-five cent size around with him. The company will make no extra charge for the new package although the extra wrappings will increase the cost of manufacture, and by sell- ing the individual "triplet" the druggist will make more profit to the dozen. The old package has been discontinued entirely. The Chicago Pencil Sharpener An item of medium price which should find a good sale in drug stores, especially those which carry a side line of stationery, pens and pencils, is a good pencil sharpener. In the home and at the schools, colleges and offices this article is always useful. The Chicago Pencil Sharpener, manufac- tured by the Automatic Pencil Sharpener Co., of Chicago, sells for one dollar and the company makes a special offer to druggists who desire to handle this article. It is easily at- tached to any surface and can be demonstrated to good ad- vantage in the drug store. "Temple of Allah" Incense F. K. James Company, of New York, has recently put on the market the "Temple of .Allah" incense, which has a delight- ful oriental odor and is excellent for driving away mosquitoes. This has been found useful in purifying the air in musty-smell- ing and poorly ventilated rooms, sick rooms and offices and destroys the odor of fresh paint, tobacco and cooking. F. K. James Co. also are offering a metal incense burner of at- tractive design which makes a good ornament for the table and at the same time provides a safe place for the burning of the incense. M-C-W Emphasize Quality of Chemicals It is undoubtedly true that the practical man, and particu- larly tlie practical pharmacist, who uses drugs and chemicals for dispensing and manufacturing, is quick to recognize real merit, as his opinions are based on actual experience. This fact is pointed out in the announcement of the Mallinckrodt Chemical Works, St. Louis, Mo., a firm which the druggist has learned from long association furnishes reliable chemicals for dispensing purposes. Charlie Chaplin Statuettes as Premium The Decotah Pharmacy of Grand Forks, N. D.. recently advertised "Charlie Chaplin Days" in a large ad. in the local papers. During this time. October 1 and 2, a statuette of the famous moving picture actor was given free with each purchase of $1.00 or more. Era Student Passes Ohio Board Merrill Swain, a student in the Era Course, recentlv passed the examination conducted by the Ohio State Board of Phar- macy, "The Era Course", he writes, "was a great help to me in preparing outlines for study. It is well worth the cost to anyone preparing for a state board examination." November, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 497 PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS /. /6'V. ?a6 /sY7V^ /./^~^. f/vi- //s-S.Siia /./y6./o& /./siszv /./ss-fay 1.151.536— Emil Abderhalden, Halle-on-the-Saale, Germany. Poten- tiated sera and process of making them. 1.151.537— Fredrik \V. de Jahn, assignor to General Chemical Co., New York, X. Y. Production of ammonia. Granted AugTist 31, 1915 1,151,626— Walter M. Spendlove and Kalman Foldeak, Brockville, Ontario, Canada. Refilling preventing stopper. 1,151,896— John D. Mulvehill, Spokane, Wash. Non-refillable bottle. 1,151,928, 1,151,929— Paul Duden and Gustav Peters, assignors to Farbwerke vorm. Meister Lucius & Bruning, Hochst-on- the-Main, Germany. Process of preparing acetaldehyde from acetylene. 1,151,997-Ernest L. Beck, New York, N. Y., and Albert M. Ayres, Nutley, N. J., assignors to Dodge and Dent Mfg. Co., a corporation of New York. Bottle stopper. 1,152,015— David J. Fleming, Nashville, Tenn. N'on-refillable bottle and cutter. 1,152,098— Felix Kaufler, assignor to the Firm of Bosnische Elek- tricitats-Actiengcsellschaft, Vienna, Austria-Hungary. Pro- cess for the preparation of acetic-acid anhydrid. 1,152,153— Charles H. Dietz, St. Louis, Mo. Clinical thermometer. 1,152,244, 1,152,245— Gerhard Nicolaas Vis, Cuise-Lamotte, France. Process of obtaining ammonium sulfate. 1,152,252— Frederick W. Wild, Jr., Baltimore, Md., assignor to Burt Machine Co. Labeling machine. Granted September 7, 1915 1,152,930— Carl Bosch, Ahvin Mittasch, Hans Wolf, and Georg Stern, assignors to Badische Anilin- & Soda Fabrik, Lud- wigshafen-on-the-Rhine, Germany. Production of ammonia. 1,152,949— Jules H. Hirt, El Paso, Tex. Caustic soda process. 1,153,121— Jan Lagutt, Basel, Switzerland. Antipyretic, o-sulfamido- benzoyl-p-phenetidin, and process for producing the same. Granted September 14, 1914 1,153,236— John Franklin Maclndoe, assignor, by mesne assignments, to said Maclndoe and Joseph F. Donahue, Philadelphia, Pa. Bottle closure. 1,153,240— Albert E. Matt, Stillwell, Ind. Bottle stopper. 1,153,402— Richard Muller, Eilenburg, Germany. Manufacture of organic acid anhydrids or of mixtures of such anhydfids with their acids. 1,153,477— George W. Beadle, New York, N. Y., assignor of ten one-hundredths to Delaven Smith, Lake Forest, III., ana ten one-hundredths to Edward P. Russell, Chicago, 111. Detachable bottle cap. 1.153.518— Albert D. Ray, Cleveland, Ohio, assignor of one-fourth to Clarence E. Bigelow, Grand Rapids, Mich. Bottle closure. 1.153.519- MerrilI Robbins, Adams, N. Y. Non-refillable bottle. 1,153,725— Bertram Stone, West New Brighton, N. Y. Non-refillable bottle. Granted September 21, 1915 1,153,985— Friedrich W. Weber, assignor to The Roessler & Hass- lacher Chemical Co., New York, N. Y. Stable compounds containing hydrogen peroxid and process of making the same. 1,154,269— Samuel T. Penna, Avon-by-the-Sea, N." J. Bottle filling apparatus. 1.154.290— Henry Cremer, Chicago, 111. Bottle closure. 1.154.291— Henry Cremer, Chicago, 111. Bottle closure. 1,154,314— Ernst Hug, assignor to The Hoffman-La Roche Chemical Works, New York, N. Y. Polyhydrocolchicin. 1,154,351 — Jules Tournadre, San Francisco, Cal. Container and dis- penser. 1,154,391 — Robert D. Gee, Blackfoot, Idaho. Tooth powder dispenser. 1,154,531— Edward J. Morin, Wynot, Neb. Non-refillable bottle. 1,154,535— George J. Munschy, New York, N. Y. Bottle attachment. Granted September 28, 1915 1,154,638— Gilbert Jackson, New York, N. Y. Bottle valve. 1,154,718— James R. Neff, Indianapolis, Ind. Bottle cap perforator and remover. 1,154,746— Joseph H. Champ, Cleveland, Ohio. Bottle filling device. 1.154.906— Laurence J. Berkley, Santa Monica, Cal. Bottle crate. 1,155,012— Richard Slee, Swiftwater, Pa., assignor of one-half to F. S. Banks & Co., New York, N. Y. Antitoxin-syringe. 1,155,023 — Benjamin T. Winchester, assignor, by mesne assignments, to Sharp & Dohrne, Baltimore, Md. Capsule assembling ma- chine. 1,155,082— Mervin Mostoller, Stoyestown, Pa. Poison bottle. 1,155,101, 1,155,103— Friedrich Schmidt, Charlottenburg, Germany, as- signor to The Roessler & Hasslacher Chemical Co. Mixture of borates containing active oxygen. 1,155,193— Ernest Balthazar, Pawnee, La. Cork extractor. Granted October 5, 1915 1.155,333— Bertha S. Alsop, New York. N. Y. Bottle. 1,155,584— Frederick C. La Grange, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Medicine dropper. 1,155,516— Claude C. Prall Trenton, N. J., assignor, by mesne as- signments to The Anglo-American Patent Bottle Company, Ltd., London, England. Non-refillable bottle. 1,155,708— Judson A. DeCew, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Toxic product and method of making same. 1,155,878— Alba C. Booth, Burlington, Vt. Tooth brush 1.155.907— John Frame, Searsport, Me. Miner. Granted October 12, 1915 1.156.044— Lorenz Ach and Albert Rothmann, assignors to Farb- werke vorm. Meister Lucius & Bruening, IIochst-on-the-Main, Germany. Art of preparing amino-arsenobenzenes. 1.156.045— Lorenz Ach, Albert Rothmann and Herman Dieterich as- signors^ to Farbwerke vorm. Meister Lucius & Bruening, Hochst- Art of preparing 2-chloro-4-amino-ben- on-the-Main, Germar J'lcf'?^^'"'*'\'"o '^0°"'"' Ca"ibridge, Mass. Hot water bottle. 1,156 106-Russel S. Smart, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Tooth paste dispensing device. 1,156,388— Joseph A. Bradburn, Syracuse, N. Y. Process of obtain ing potassium chlorid. ]'\lli^^M'° SP?"^"-^ Philadelphia Pa. Bottle closure. 1,156,584— Moses E. Bloom, New York, N. Y Poison tahlf-t inT m^a°gnesia'^' Syracuse, N. Y. Process of obtai n- ^''^Brt^,?/r°/^\r n 1"'^°"'=; Ch?.^'".W. Nichols, and Faurie Bruguiere, New Orleans, La. Substitute for lampblack. 498 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [November, 1915 Granted October 19, 1915 1,156,915— Leon J. Mazoyer, West Hoboken, N. J. Non-refillable bottle. 1,157,127— Frank P. Smith, Ferguson, Mo. Non-refillable bottle. 1,157,164— Friederich Kuhles, Maywood, N. J. Non-refillable bottle. 1,157,348— Emil von Portheim, Prague-Smichow, Austria-Hungary. Process for producing oxalic acid. 1,157,402— Max Landau, Berlin, Germany. Manufacture of pure lac- Era Course in Pharmacy Combi hot ergh, 1,157,439- Marion E. Starr, Mason City, 1,157T455-Edwin Taylor,"'Nlw York, and Frederick Yonkers, N. Y. Method of making sulphuric acid 1,157,524— William H. Furness, assignor to H. K. Mulford Com pany, Philadelphia, Pa. Intradermic syringe. 1,157,530— Frederick D. Harper, Everett, Mass. Process of produc ing manganese dioxid. Correspondence FREIGHT BATE ON MEDICINES Editor, Pharmaceutical Era : On November 15, 1914, the railroads operating from the Atlantic Seaboard, in connection with the various transcon- tinental lines, advanced the rate on drugs, medicines and chemicals in less than carload lots from $2.00 to $3.70 per hundred pounds, an increase of over 80%. Protest was im- mediately filed by the Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce in connection with prominent manufacturing drug houses of the East and the affiliated drug interests of the Pacific Coast States. A hearing was held before the Interstate Commerce Commission in Philadelphia, with the result that the old rate of $2.00 per hundred pounds has been ordered to take effect October 18th. When it is taken into consideration that the Interstate Com- merce Commission refused the protests filed by the manufac- turers at the time the advanced rates were scheduled to go into effect by the railroads, this reversal and restoration of the old rates show what can be accomplished when affiliated interests will co-operate. Credit for restoration of the old rates on drugs and chemi- cals in less than carload shipment should be given a number ef prominent Eastern shippers and Pacific Coast drug as- sociations, and especially the Philadelphia Chamber of Com- merce, through the efforts of whose secretary, Mr. N. B. Kelly, the case of the manufacturers was properly presented to the Interstate Commerce Commission. H. K. Mulford Co. October 2, 1915. By H.K.Mulford. Special Offers to tlie Motorists The Curtis & Henkle Drug Co., of San Jose, Cal., offers a large line of thermos bottles, camping utensils, and other conveniences which can be used by the motorist in the putting up of lunches for long trips. They also offer a large line of surgical appliances. The Story of Quinine {Continued from page 459) pounds, compared with 564,762 pounds in 1913-14, and the actual output of quinine sulphate was 20,422 pounds, a yield of 4.31 per cent against 26,516 pounds, or a yield of 4.70 per cent. The profit accruing to the Government on sales during the year amounted to Rs. 371,488, against Rs. 156,373 in the previ- ous year. The bulk of this advance was due to much larger issues of manufactured products, the quinine being sold not only through po.st-offices, but by vaccinators, schoolmasters, etc. From all quarters come reports that the consumption of quinine is on the increase, while data are not wanting to show that the output has been considerably -nuiil^.l Des- patches from London indicate that the storl.-; in i' ii ■ iiket have been drawn upon to such an extent tliii ' ihere are at least a million ounces less than tbc\ nit- break of the war. No foreign manufactuii > ' ■ lin- ing into this market and manufacture-; n . i: . i no new contracts. Second hands practii i' ilie market and tlic future in quinine is problci it ions favor the speculator and it is safe to believr n i i a continu- iince of the advancing tendency. The Era Course in Pharmacy is a systematic home-study course, designed to give a theoretical and working knowledge of pharmacy, and intended estoecially for young men and women who cannot attend a college. It is divided into ten parts and 58 lectures. It can be completed in a year or less, depending on the experience of the student; its cost is merely nominal. A complete prospectus can be had by addressing Director, ERA COURSE IN PHAR- MACY, care of D. O. Haynes & Co., No. 3 Park Place, New York. Era Course Students Successful at State Boards Iowa — Norman Kiedaisch, Keokuk, registered pharmacist. Kansas — Don Q. Aber, Altamont ; Guy Rhea, Lamed; Pitis Wakefield, Harper; registered pharmacists. Louisiana — Charles E. McHale, New Orleans; Eugene C. Moser, Port Gibson, Miss.; Odon J. Lonibos, New Orleans, registered pharmacists. Massachusetts — Herman .\. Gliesman, Boston; Carl E. Tru- man, Orange ; registered pharmacists. Ohio — Ralph A. Rettig, Holgate, registered pharmacist. Pennsylvania — Roscoe O. Brady, Morton, assistant phar- macist. Vermont — D. M. Banister, Springfield; Herman Lippman, Pittsburgh; assistant pharmacists. Virginia — Geo. A. Zirkle, Charlottesville; Leon C. Rothgeb, Luray, assistant pharmacists. Graduates to October 1, 1915 Matriculation Graduating Number Average 7905— Edward E. Eno., Tr., Middletown Springs, Vt 90 7999— Nicholas J. Volino, San Jose, Cal 94 8000— Wilford L. Anderson, Brigham Citv, Utah 97 8004— George J. Hall, Cranfills Gap, Texas 94 8005— Frank KnvalcJk. Whiting, Ind 93 8039-Allen 11 I' ' < -ford. Conn 91 8082— Harry M '.cinnati, Ohio 95 8099— Peter I lida, Ohio 96 8113— Edwar,; ; Atkinson. Wise 92 8117— Grant t . ' 92 8116— Carl F ' 96 8188— Grovcr ' 90 8236— L. A. I 96 8317-11 99 832(^ ' 96 8324 ' 92 8331 I i .1 98 834,> ^ : W 92 8369 I Ik, Va 95 8404 1 XV 97 8421- Lake, Iowa 91 8441-1 ' ^ I ; River, Mass 95 8485— Harrison K. liryan, Pocatello, Idaho 92 8486— Sister M. Hilda Bushman, Baltimore, Md 97 S5,3S-Vmar H. Wolf. Davenport, Iowa 93 8611— Llovd A. Atuir, Winona, Minn 93 8617— Dr. Ilenrv Baer. Mansfield. Wash 98 8742-Dudlev .\shabran'ier, HoIIis. Okla 06 8748— Dr. Edward Pendleton. Clarkshurtt. W. Va 97 8778— Don Q. Aber, Mound Vallcv. Kans 99 8792-Mrs. V. E. Smith, Little Rock, Ark 93 No\t:mber. 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 499 THE DRUG MARKETS . TREND OF ALL PRICES UPWARD Quinine Advancing — Evidence of Speculative Inter- est not Wanting — Many Quotations only Nominal New York, Oct. 20 — The market during the past month has been characterized by an upward trend of prices, backed by many inquiries and active speculative interest. Owing to the unprecedented scarcity of many articles, trading in large quantities has been and now is practically at a siaiulstill. In fact, the quotations on many drugs and chemicals, par- ticularly of foreign origin, if given at ail. are merely nominal; jobbers' prices are largely conditional, and hold good only at the hour and day quoted. The most spectacular features pertain to the advances in quinine sulphate, glycerin, opium, acefphenetidin, the bromides, oil of male fern, artificial oil of mustard, and die various potassium salts. Brisk trading in spices is also forcing prices to higher levels, and higher price quotations prevail for nearly all kinds of seeds and herbs, owing to scarcity of stocks, advances in primary markets, and the difficulty of obtaining supplies from abroad. But few declines of importance are noted, among them being lower quotations for acetanilid, acetone, Curacao aloes, balsam of fir, cardamom seeds, celery seed, copper sulphate (blue vitriol) in barrels. Russian ergot, flaxseed, gamboge, liquid guaiacol, bitter almond oil, oil of cassia, Haarlem oil (Dutch), rapeseed oil, and liquid styrax. Reports from manufacturers indicate that chemicals are heavily oversold and offerings of spot supplies by jobbers in these lines are limited in number. As summarized by those in a position to best know the market, buying is restricted entirely to the druggist's immediate needs. There is also the possibility that certain articles in the chemical line may dis- appear from the market altogether, especially those which are dependent upon a foreign source of supply. Opium — There has been an increased demand both for do- mestic consumption and for export purposes, the buying for foreign account being chiefly confined to the derivatives. Ship- ments of new crop Turkish gum to countries other than Ger- many are being restricted by military activities against Con- stantinople and the campaign in the Balkans. The situation is further accentuated by reports that the 1915 crop of Turkish opium will not reach more than SO per cent of the normal output. Jobbers quote S9.50@$9.90 per pound for natural; $11.00@S11.75 for granulated, and $10.7S@$11.50 for U.S.P. powdered. QuixiNE — There has been an unbroken upward movement and sharp advances in quotations have characterized the mar- ket throughout the period under review. The curtailment of shipments of bark from Java to Europe and the increased demand for quinine salts by the countries at war, together with the strict adherence of European manufacturers of salts and growers of bark to their price maintenance agreement, have combined to create market conditions the like of which has never been experienced in the commercial distribution of this febrifuge. Manufacturers, it is reported, have withdrawn all contracts, and no relief of the upward trend is looked for Until the large war orders are filled. The market is practically in control of second hands, whose supplies of outside lots of domestic salts cannot be inexhaustible. In some quarters the quotations are merely nominal, the following being about the prevailing prices: Quinine, alkaloid. 73c@90c; acetate, 77c@ 86c; carbolate, 84c(2$l ; hydrobromide, 80c(®90c; hydrochlor- ide. 80c(®90c; lactate, 83c@93c; salicylate, 72c(386c: sulphate, in 100-oz. tins, $2.00@$2.75; in 5-oz. tins, $2.15@S2.90; l-oz. '•■ S2.20@.S3; tannate, 97c@$1.05; valerate, $1.27@$1.35. VCERIN' — The enormous demand for glycerin and the :ge of supplies, together with the cessation of importa- ti ::s from France and England, have led to sharp advances in values, with the end not yet in sight. There is a considerable demand for pharmaceutical varieties and jobbers quote from '?75c per pound, according to brand and quantity. Cod Liver Oil — I'lics arr ruling firm, owing to the re- ported cornering cif ili- in. irki table supply in Norway, where stocks have been iiduccd by heavy withdrawals for account of Britisli buyers. Prices are maintained on the basis of $85(S)$90 per barrel for Norwegian, and ,*f65 to $75 for Newfoundland, as to terms of sale. AcETPHENETiDiN — Supplies of this synthetic are at low ebb, and prices have been advanced to $11@$13 per pound. Carbolic Acid — .\n active demand on the part of bodi do- mestic consumers and exporters is reported, and there has been an upward trend in prices, jobbers quoting $1.80@$2 per pound for crystal in bulk, $1.82(2)$2 for crystal in 5- and 10-pound cans, and $1.95@$2.10 in 1-pound bottles. Salic\t.ic Acid — In sympatliy with the position of phenol and an increasing scarcity of stocks, prices have advanced to $3.55((?$3.80 for 1-pound cartons, and $3.50@$3.7S per pound for bulk. Salol has also been marked up to $4.00@$6.75 per pound, and sodium salicylate to $3.50@$4.00 per pound. Bismuth Salts — Owing to the scarcity of the basic metal and the inability of manufacturers to meet the current de- mand, prices have been advanced all along the line, as fol- lows: Bismuth bromide, per ounce, 30c; citrate and ammonium, $4.20@$4.40 per pound; salicylate, 65%, $3.50@$3.75 per carbonate, $3.75@$4.25; subgallate, $3.15@$3.25; subiodide, pound; 40%, $3.00@$3.30; subbenzoate, $4.90(S$5.20 ; sub- $5.30@$5.S0; subnitrate, $3.25@$3.3S; tannate, 35c per ounce; valerate, 40c@4Sc per ounce. Bromides — The constantly increasing scarcity of bromine and the growing demand for all of the bromides made therefrom, have brought a further advance, jobbers quoting for usual quantities, as follows: Ammonium, $3.2S(S$3.75 ; calcium, S1.35@$1.45; potassium, $3.50@$4.00; sodium, $3.70@$4; strontium, $3@$3.25, and zinc, 12c@17c (per ounce). Caffeine — Scarcity of this basic substance, combined with a brisk demand has caused a sharp advance for pure, which jobbers quote at $12@$12.50 per pound. Citrated has also advanced to $7.50@$8 per pound. Licorice — The position of this article is somewhat problem- atical, owing to reports that certain manufacturers have with- drawn from the market, and that stocks supposed to exist in other quarters have been exhausted. At any rate, the trend of the market is upward, Russian, cut, being quoted at 33c@ 36c per pound, and powdered at 35c@40c. Powdered Spanish root is held at 20c@23c. AgAr Agar — Reports of advances in primary markets have caused jobbers to mark up this Japanese product to 55c@72c per pound, according to kind and size of order. Manna — Supplies are somewhat restricted and there is a considerable demand, with quotations tending upward, large flake having been advanced to $1.2S@$1.3S, and small flake, $1.0Sf®$1.15. These prices are likely to continue, it is pre- dicted, owing to the interrupted shipping facilities occasioned by Italy's participation in the European war. Isinglass — Russian is scarce and quotations have been ad- vanced to S7.80(S$8.20 per pound. Cann.\bis Indic.\ — The new regulation of the Treasury De- partment requiring that importations shall be certified as being for medicinal use only, is now in force, and this prohibition has doubtless had some effect upon prices, as jobbers have re- cently advanced their quotations to $2.15@$2.25 per pound. Cantharides — Russian, sifted, has been advanced to $4.25 @$4.50 per pound, and powdered to $4.30@$4.7S. Vanilla Beans — Fearful cyclones are reported to have re- cently largely ruined the crops in Mexico and the West Indies, and holders have advanced prices on all varieties. Jobbers quote as follows: Mexican, long, $4.50@$5.50; short, $4.25@ $5.25; cuts, $3.50@$3.75. CmoRAL Hydrate — A strong demand has pushed up prices, crystal beiii- ' t ■■-]',,.: pound. COLCHli ' , , advance and jobbers quote $1.1.^ ::,| .hole, and $1.2S@$1.35 for powdered. 500 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [November, 1915 Cumin Seed — The market is bare of some varieties and prices have been marked up to 27c@32c per pound. Golden- Seal Root— Reports that the yield of fall-dug root is small this year, together with an increasing demand, have boosted prices, whole root belhg quoted at $5.10@$5.75, and powdered at $S.50@$5.7S. Ipecac — Recent arrivals of supplies have only partially satis- fied the demand, average jobbing quotations ruling as follows: Cartagena, $2.50@$2.70; Rio, $4.50@$4.75; powdered root 10c per pound higher. LvcopODroM — Increasing scarcity is noted for this Russian product and higher prices prevail, quotations ranging from $1.20@$1.35 per pound. Almond On, — Bitter is slightly easier, and quoted at $9@$10 per pound, $9.50@$10.50 per pound being asked for the "without acid" variety. Pure sweet almond oil is also higher at $1.05@$1.35 per pound. Cassla Oil — In sympathy with advances in all varieties of bark, higher prices are reported, $1.10@$1.45 per pound being quoted. WiNTERGREEN OiL — In increasing demand and rapidly dimin- ishing supplies are responsible for the upward trend of prices, pure leaf being quoted at $4.60@$4.90. Methyl salicylate or synthetic oil, on account of the increasing scarcity of raw ma- terial used in manufacture, is also advancing in price, $2.90@ $3.10 being asked. Mustard On, — Owing to the increasing demand for chemi- cally pure phenol, artificial oil has been advanced to $6.50@ $6.75 per pound. Paraldehyde — Manufacturers' advances in prices have caused jobbers to mark up their quotations to $2.20@$2.50 per pound. Pulsatilla — Stocks are said to be practically exhausted in this market and the few small lots available are firmly held at $2.10@$2.20 per pound. Saffron — Spanish, true Valencia, is in better supply with prices tending downward, jobbers quoting $12.25@$12.60 per pound. American or safflower is also easier at 75c@80c. Resorcin — Scarcity and an increasing demand for this anti- septic and dye product has caused a spectacular advance in prices, $6@$8 per pound being quoted, and these figures nomi- nal only. Sugar of Milk — Following the advance in prices reported in last month's Era, quotations have been further marked up to 20c@24c for powdered, and 22c@26c in 1-lb. cartons. Thymol — Scarcity of ajowan seed and the high cost at which it is held, together with the holding up of supplies in Italy, have combined to advance prices, jobbers quoting $13@ $15 per pound. Thymol iodide, U.S. P. also occupies a strong position and is held at $9.50@$10.40 per pound. Valerian Root — Meager spot supplies and a steady demand have led to higher prices, jobbers advancing their quotations for German to 40c@45c per pound for whole, and 45c@50c for powdered. Tamarinds — Are in good demand at $3@$3.50 per keg. Hexamethylenamine — Is higher at $1.35@$1.50 per pound. Sulphonmethane, U.S.P. — Supplies of this synthetic are becoming scarcer and prices are advancing, jobbers now quot- ing $8.00@$8,50 per pound. Sulphonethylmethane is also higher at $9.50@$10 per pound. Wax — Carnauba is easier at 50c@55c per pound for No. 1. Caravi'AY Seed — Active buying has been stimulated by re- ports from Holland that supplies are short. Spot stocks are controlled by few holders and quotations are expected to ad- vance, although jobbers are shading prices asked last month. Chrysarobin — This substance is becoming scarcer and higher prices prevail, 36c@42c per ounce being asked. Dragon's Blood — All varieties are higher, $1.50@$1.65 per pound being asked for extra, $1.60@$1.90 for powdered and $1.10@$1.20 for reeds. Hops — Following the rise in prices by operators on account of the curtailment in the quantity of this year's crop, jobbers have revised their prices and quote 36c@44c for 1914 select, and 39c@46c per pound for pressed in J4 and ^-Ib. pack- ages. Ergot — Better supplies obtain and prices have been reduced to $1.0S@$1.15 for whole Russian, and $1.15@$1.25 for powdered. A Fountain Pen Window Display A window display a little out of the ordinary and one which gives the effect of a "live" display is that now being furnished to druggists by the Conklin Pen Mfg. Co., of Toledo, Ohio. In the picture the girl looks as though she were coming out of the frame. The black interior is about ten inches deep and the girl inside is wearing a real cloak trimmed with real fur. Her hand is dipping a real pen in a real inkwell resting on a real table covered with an immaculate cloth. The lamp at her elbow is a real electric light which connects with An attractive -window display of Conklin Fountain Pens an electric socket in the window and throws a soft light on the scene, giving an effect which is especially charming at night. The gold frame which surrounds the picture is draped with pale blue silk and stands on an easel which lifts it about a foot from the floor. A printed card gives the sub- ject of the picture, which is that tlie pen manufactured by this company can be filled in four seconds without stains. All the materials necessary to set up the display are fur- nished by the company in such form that they can easily be arranged by the window trimmer. M-C-W Labels Said to Be Counterfeited The Mallinckrodt Chemical Works makes the following an- nouncement : "It has recently been brought to our attention that a party in New York City is selling material under a counterfeit M-C-W label. They appear to be a photographic reproduc- tion and resemble very closely our original labels, except, of course, that they do not bear our control numbers, which will invariably be found on original packages put up by us. Every effort is being made to locate the individual carr>ing on this class of traffic, but we would caution druggists not to buy chemicals, claimed to be of our manufacture, from unknown or irresponsible persons. If they purchase our products from well-known and reputable jobbing houses and the labels bear our customary control number, dealers may be certain that the goods are genuine." November, 1915] THE PHAEMACEUTICAL EKA 501 Books Reviewed WINDOW DISPLAYS FOR DRUGGISTS. Edited by Harry B. Mason, editor of the Bulletin of Pliarmacv. 3rd edition, 12 mo., 194 pages, cloth, $1. Detroit, E. G. Sw'ift. A large number of druggists will agree tliat the best adver- tising mediums are one's own show windows, for if the dis- plays are novel and striking, the busiest passer-by is never so much in a hurry that he will not stop for a look, and if his interest is aroused he will usually find time to step in and make a purchase. That druggists have awakened to this fact is shown by the interest they have exhibited in this book, of which two editions have already been exhausted, and the third, a copy of which has reached our desk, is now on its way to supply information and detail of this method of creating interest and selling goods. That druggists will find in this edition many suggestions for new advertising and profit-mak- ing plans, we cannot doubt. The book has been thoroughly revised and contains much new matter, 32 descriptions and engravings of new trims having been added to Part II, the total number of illustrations being 115, all of them being reproductions of photographs of actual displays. REPORT ON THE CULTIVATION OF DRUG AND DYE PLANTS. By H. H. Rusby. Reprinted from the Journal of the New York Botamical Garden, August, 1915. This report, submitted to the Board of Managers of the New York Botanical Garden, on behalf of the Scientific Directors, by Dr. H. H. Rusby, dean of the New York College of Phar- macy, Columbia University, covers an investigation of the gen- eral subject of the cultivability for commercial purposes, in the vicinity of New York, of standard medicinal and dye plants. In summarizing his investigations. Dr. Rusby states there are excellent reasons why the cultivation of certain drug plants should be developed in this country, and there is good reason to believe that in some cases this can be done with profit to those who undertake it. Those who engage in this work must select drugs with knowledge of the following subjects : 1. That there is a steady and reasonably large demand for the product. 2. That the soil and climate where it is to be cultivated are adapted to its growth. 3. That they are sufficiently familiar with its individual requirements to be able to grow it successfully. 4. That its market price is such as to leave a profit over the cost of producing and marketing it. .\mong advantages that the cultivator has over the collector of the wild product in finding a sale and getting a good price is his ability to offer the manufacturer an article of the identity, purity and quality of which there can be no question. The supply of the wild product is always uncertain, crops often fail, owing to the natural conditions of growth, some new condition that directs the labor of collectors into new lines, an unsatisfactory result in the preceding season and a variety of accidents. This establishes conditions favor- able to a speculative market which always works to the dis- advantage of the regular merchant or manufacturer. For this reason again, the cultivator would be given the preference, since it would be possible to contract with him for sup- plies in advance of production. There are also good reasons for believing that by the same process of .selecting, hybridiz- ing, breeding and cultivating that have done so much for other vegetable products, the medicinal activity of drugs may be increased, so that a given amount will bring a higher price The list is restricted to the names of those plants known to be capable of easy and successful culture near New York, ac- companied by information as to the commercial value of each drug, necessary soil, climatic conditions and methods of cul- ture, and reference to literature which contains further in- structive particulars. SEMI ANNLTAL REPORT ON ESSENTIAL OILS, SYNTHETIC PERFUMES. Etc. Published by Schimmel & Co. (Fritzsche Brothers'), Miltitz, near Leipzig. London, New York. October, 1914-April, 1915. This is the first issue of this valuable semi-annual to appear since .Xpril, last year, the progress of the European war, for various reasons explained by the publishers, causing the pub- lication to be withheld. Among these reasons were the in- ability t,i i.illut ihc necessary statistical material from abroad alioui \aiiuus cils and raw materials which originate mostly ill forciyu Louniiics, and further, that the publication of such informaiioii uould find its way int.. the alien enemy's technical press, for Schiinmci & Co. considi r that tlicy would render bad servile to llicir trade and country were they to furnish their en< iiiie^^ with any indications as to the influence of the war on (iernian commerce and industry, information which would be highly welcomed, as it would enable the enemies of Germany "to arrange their tactics accordingly." In the matter of scientific information the subjects covered embrace scientific notes on essential oils, chemical preparations and drugs, notes on scientific research in tlie domain of the ter- penes and essential oils, etc., a wealth of information of direct interest to the manufacturer using tliese products and to the pharmacist who is endeavoring to keep pace with the advances in intensive research. PAMPHLETS RECEIVED Synopsis of the Section Apus of the Genus Polyporus. By C. G. Lloyd, Cincinnati, Ohio. This pamphlet of 100 pages is intended according to the author chiefly as an arrangement of the Genus Polyporus, accompanying which are notes of the distinctive characters, history and distribution, presented so as to enable otliers to identify the plants they meet. The pamphlet was written about a year ago at Kew. Bibliographical Contributions from the Lloyd Library, Cin- cinnati, Ohio. Vol. II, No. 7. Bibliography relating to Botany, exclusive of floras. (Authors, F.) Edith Wycoff, librarian. Some Constituents of the Root of Brauneria Angustijolia. By Frederick W. Heyl and Merrill C. Hart. 8 pp. reprint from the Journal of the American Chemical Society. Report of the Chemists' Sub-Commiteee of the Committee on Standardization and Drug Testing. Rendered at the Eighth annual meeting of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Chemists, held at Rochester, N. Y., May 31 to June 5, 1915. The Hemlock Spruce. By Oliver A. Farrell. Reprint for Rhodora, Vol. 17, No. 201, September, 1915. SENECA VEST POCKET CAMERA Small cameras are becoming more popular every day with the picture-taking public, and, the convenience of a good pocket instrument is esperially appreciated as cold weather comes on and people don't like the trouble of carrying a large camera in their hands. Neverthe- less, many peo- ple desire to take fall and winter scenes and for them the vest pocket camera, with a good lens, fills tlie need. A vest pocket camera which has lately been placed on the market is the "Little Indian", manufactured by the Seneca Cam- era Mfg. Co., „ , ^ ^ 301 State street. Vest Pocket Seneca Camera Rochester N. Y This camera will fit into the vest pocket or into the woman's handbag and takes a picture l^xZyi inches. The instrument varies in price from $7.00 to $22.50, according to the speed of the lens which is used, but with any lens the small details of the picture are brought out so that a good enlargement may be made if desired. The Seneca company is offering a $50 assortment of cam- eras and supplies to the druggist on trial. These goods make a display which has proved a successful selling force in many stores. 502 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [November, 1915 Index to Advertisers, page 26 Index to Goods Advertised, pages 27-28-29-30 Index to Text Pages Abortifacients, Trade, 470. Abstracts, Foreign, 477. Acid, Hydrocyanic, Delicate Test, 477. Acid, Uric, Determination, 477. Alcohol, Amyl, as Solvent, 477. Alcohol Content, Proprietary Medicines, 472. Alcohol, France, Requisitions, 460. Alcohol, Monopoly, France, 485. Alcohol, Wood, Proposed Legis- lation, 491. Allys, John, 461. Anderson, I. A., 486. Andrews, Henry R., 461. Arsenic, Tin and Antimony, Separation, 477. Associations, Clubs, etc. — American Pharmaceutical- Baltimore Branch, 492. Chicago Branch, 492. Detroit Branch, 491. New England Branch, 492. New York Branch, 491. Philadelphia Branch, 492. Pittsburgh Branch, 491. Chicago Drug Club, 489. Chicago Retail Druggists, 485. Chicago Women's Pharm., 467. German Apothecaries, 462. Jersey City Retail Druggists, 490. Kings County Pharm. Society, 490. National Wholesale Druggists, 487. New Bedford (Mass.) Drug- gists, 489. New Jersey Pharm., 495. Austin. Miss Alberta, 468. Bakkela. Mrs. W. L., 468. Bartz, F. A., 482. Becker, Walter, 486. Belladonna, Alkaloids, 478. Benzie, D. N., 484. Benzol, as Solvent, 477. Billings, Henry M., 485. Blake, Lynn Stanford, 493. Boards of Pharmacy- Illinois, 492. Bond J. Emory, 482. Bone, Francis C, 483. Books Reviewed— Lloyd, Synopsis of the Section Apus of the Genus Poly- porus, 501. Mason, Window Displays for Druggists, 501. Pamphlets Received, 501. Eusby, Report on Cultivation of Drug and Dye Plants, 501. Schimmel & Co., Semi-Annual Report, 1914-15, 501. Brady, James C, 461. Broesler, Miss Dorothy M., 485. Building Drug Business by Mail, 465. Buying Clubs Declared on Wane, 488. Camera and Photo. Supplies, 479. Cameras, Christmas Line, 480. Cameron, G. L., 486. Gales, George M., 461. Cannabis Indica, Tests, 478. Charlie Chaplin Statues, 460. 'Christmas Trade, Plans for Pushing, 474. Cinchona, Origin of Name, 458. Cinchona, Unit of Price, 459. Clark, Mrs. E. V., 468. Cold Cream, Greaseless, 475. Colleges of Pharmacy— Creighton University, 494. Fordham University, 494. George Washington Univer- sity, 494. Green School of Pharmacy, 494. Illinois University, 494. Iowa University, 493. Louisville, 494. Maryland University, 494. Michigan University, 493. New York, 493. Notre Dame University, 494. St. Louis, 493. Tennessee University, 494. Wisconsin University, 494. Conklin Pen Window Display, 500. Copaiba, Oil vs. Resin, 478. Correspondence, 498. Cousins, W. H., 492. Craig, S. W., 485. Cream, Greaseless, Peroxide, 476. Cusach's Pharmacy, 480. Darr, Curtis A., 484. Dean, W. E., 498. Debaun, W. H., 485. Diddy, Mrs. C, 468. Digosid, 477. Dillman, Andrew R., 485. Diphtheria, Suspected, Chlorine Water as Remedy, 478. Disinfectant, Pine Oil, 475. Dow, Cora M., 479, 483, 495. Dow-Weatherhead Drug Co., 495. Drug Store vs. the Pharmacy, Dyes Needed in Holland, 462. Eckler, Charles R., 493. Editorials — Manufacture of Hydrogen Peroxide, 456. Preparing for the New Phar- macopoeia, 455. The Chain Store Merger, 456. Trend of Patent Medicine Legislation, 456. Education Material, Visual, as Side Line, 467. Electric Lighting in Stores, 463. Emerson, James P., 485. Emetine, in Pyorrhea Alveolaris, 475. Era Course in Pharmacy, Grad- uates, 498. Erney, Dr. E. S., 485. Ether, Solvent Power, 477. Fairchild Scholarship, 492. Feldner, Charles E., 484. Fields, Mrs. W. B., 468. Fitzgerald, John H., 485. Formulas and Secrecy, 473. Formulas. Publication, 470. Freight Rate on Medicines, 498. r.ibson, Charles J., 487. Gilmore, Mrs. Geo., 468. Gleick. William M., 485. Gordon, Samuel, 486. Gregory, Miss Doris, 492. Griffin, Mrs. Truman, 468. Habit-Forming Drugs, Narcotic Content, 473. Hainert, Mrs. F., 468. Hand Cleaning Paste, Automo- bilists', 476. Hanna, Frank H., 484. Hashish, Tests, 478. Hesse, Dr. Bernhard C, 495. Hodgson, James N., 484. HoUiday, F. E., 489. Honey, Substitute, 477. Howe, Fred., 484. Huhn, Miss Hazel, 468. Hynson, Dr. Henry P., 486. Instruments, Surgical, Steriliz- ing, 475. Ipecac in Dentifrices, 475. Keller, D. C, 495. Kemps, Mrs. W. H., 468. Kennedy, James, 485. Kiefer Drug Co., 486. Kiefer-Stewart Drug Co., 486. Klie, George H. C, 485. Kline, Mrs. A. J., 468. Krigbaum, Mrs. B., 485. Kumler, S. D., 484. Laporte, Henry J., 486. Lathrop, Mrs. W. S., 468. LaWall, Charles H., 491. Liggett, Louis K., 461. Lighting, Drug Store, 463. Liquors, Sunday Restriction, Chicago, 485. Liver Salt, Effervescing, 476. Lotz, Christian, 484. McCormick, James C, 462. McCormick, WiUoughby M., 481. McNaughton, Clifton B., 482. Main, Thos. F., 485. Market Report, 499. Marshall Drug Co., 495. Martin, W. F., 482. Medicines, Mail Order, 472. Mennen Chem. Co., Gerhard, 496. Mercer, A. B., 484, 485. Meyer Bros. Drug Co., 490. Morrisson, Tames W., 487. Moving Pictures in Education, 467. Murbarger, Harry E., 484. Murnan, Charles E., 461. Nelson, Horace Conrad, 485. Newcomb. Mrs. E. L., 468. New York Ordinance, Jobbers Will Obey, 460. Nicholson, Frank, 484. Obituaries, 483. Packard, Charles H., 490. Palmer, Lowell M.. 483. Paste, Hand Cleaning, 476. Patent Laws, Effect in U. S., 493. Patent Medicines, New York, 460. Patent Medicines, Provisional Standard, 471. Patents, Trademarks, etc., 497. Payne, Dr Gonrce F.. 486. Pearson. Mr. TT . 468. Pease, \- - ] M.-.--. ts?. Plant, Albert, 41,5. Post Cards for Drug Store, 489. Potash from Alunite, 478. Prescription Nostrrnns, Fraudu- lent. 471. Prescription Trade Less Profit- able, 488. Proprietaries, A.Ph.A. Report, 469. Proprietaries, Classification, 470. Proprietaries Offer Serious Problem, 488. Putnam, A. Sewell, 485. Question Box, 475. Quinine, Importation, 459. yuinine Makers and Bark Grow- ers' Agreement, 459. Quinine, Story of Production, 457. Ramsey, J. M., 485. Rasmussen, Mrs. L. M., 468. Reifert, Philip H., 484. Remedies, Secret, Classification, 470. Remedies, Secret, Medical Pro- fession, 470. Rennick, E. S., 486. Reynolds, C. H., 480. Richardson, A. G, 481. Riker-Hegeman Co., 460. Riker-Hegeman-United Drug Co. Merger, 461. Roberts, Mrs. Glen, 468. Rogers, Fred S., 462. Ropes Drug Co., 480. Rouillion, Octave A. A., 482. Royse, William C, 486. Sandrow, T. G. J., 498. Scheldrup, Mrs. M. A., 468. Schlichting, Arthur, 493. Scholtz, E. L., 482. Schreiner, Louis I., 462. Schroter, Frederick J., 485. Schweitzer, Joseph, 482. Smith, Thaddeus C, 485. Soap Paste, 476. Solvents, Immiscible, 477. Spenser, Mrs. Leonard, 468. Staples, J. Norman, Jr., 462. Stereoscopic Views, Side Line, 467. Stewart Co., Daniel, 486. Stocking, Prof. Charles H., 493. Stoddard, Clarence B., 484. Stofer, R. C, 482. Storm, Ernest, 484. Stump, Dr. Lloyd, 485. Temm, Joseph A., 485. Thyroid, Active Principle, 47S. Tincture Iodine, Substitutes, 477. Trusses as Side Line, 490. Ude, Mrs. A.. 468. Tompkins, Fred L., 462. Uhlich, Frederick A., 484. United Drug Co., 461. Van Den Beldt, Nicholas, 484. Van Ness, W. G., 498. Van Schaack, Cornelius P., 481. Van Winkle, Abraham. 484. Vellema, Henry J., 486. Vorsanger, Miss Lillian, 467. Walton, Miss Beatrice. 467. Watson, lames A., 482. Wattlev, "R. B., 461. W.Ttts. William C, 461. Willard, W. S., 482. Willi.TTiis, Miss Evelyn. 468. Wine of Cardui Litigation, 490. Wirth, Adam, 481. Wittich. Mrs. M. H.. 468. Wolf, Sister Clara M., 467. Women in Pharmacy, 467. Worcestershire Sauce, 476. Wulling, Frederick T., 491. Wyre, Russell, 482. Younger, Mrs. A , 468. Statement of Ownership Statement filed for October 1, 1915 of Ownership, Manage- ment, etc., of the Pharmaceutical Era, published monthly at New York, N. Y., as required by the Act of .\ugust 24, 1912, Section 467^, Postal Laws and Regulations; Editor, E. J. Kennedy; managing editor, none; business manager, D. O. Hayncs: puhlislicr.s, D. O. Hayncs & Co.. all of No. 5 Park Place, New York. Owners, D. O. Hayncs & Co., D. O. Haynes, and E. King, all of New York. No bonds, mortgages or otiier securities issued. Signed, D. O. Haynes S: Co., by D. O. Haynes, President. Sworn and subscribed to before P. Frank Sonnek, Notary Public, Queens Co., N. Y.. on Sep- tember 30, 1915. Commission expires March 30, 1917. AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY PUBUCATION FOR THE DRUG TRADE 7oL. XLVIII New York, December, 1915 No. 12 The Pharmaceutical Era , PUBLISHED ON THE FIRST OF EACH MONTH '.D. O. Haynes & Co. ... Publishers No. 3 Park Place, New York re'.tphone, 7646 Barclay. Cable Address, "Era, New York." SUBSCRIPTION RATES: );r:..'nic Rates to U. S., f Cuba, Hawaii, Porto Rico, I Subscription $1.00 a year the Philippines and Mexico.. With Era Price List 1.50 a year J Subscription 1.50 a year I Co Canada postpaid | With Era Price List 2.00 a year To Foreign Countries in Postal Subscription 2.00 a year Union L With Era Price List 2.50 a year REMIT by P. O. or Express Order or New York Draft pay- ible to order of D. O. Haynes & Co. Add 10 cents for collection , Jiarges if you send local check. Single Copies, 15 cents. Published at No. 3 Park Place, Borough of Manhattan, New ^ork, by D. O. Haynes & Co., a corporation: President and treas- trer, D. O. Haynes; vice-president, E. J. Kennedy; secretary, ). O. Haynes, Jr. Address of Officers is No. 3 Park Place, New York. ■^ntered at the New York Post Office as Second-class Matter. Zopyright, 1915, by D. O. Haynes & Co. All rights resented. Title Registered in the United S-tates Patent Office. Table of Contents Sbitoriai, an'D Ph.\rmaceuticai, Pages 503-526 Santa Claus is Coming! (cartoon) 506 I New Pharmacopoeia Will Be Out January 1 507-510 • Fifty Million Dollar Drug Merger 511-513 i Making Goods Move 514 I Ta.x Measures Suggested to Congress 516 ] Question Bo.t 517-518 I Selling Efficiency in Chain Drug Stores 519-520 ■< Women in Pharmacy 521-522 I WTiy the Retailer Boosts or "Knife's" a Brand 523-524 [ Foreign Abstracts 525 I Reciprocal Registration is Gaining 526 ■News an-d Trade Section Cameras and Photo Supplies 527 Pharmaceutical Personals 528-530 Deaths in the Drug Trade 531-532 < News of the Associations 533-534 ; News of the A.Ph.A. Branches 535-537 j State Board Examinations 539-540 I News of Schools and Colleges 541-542 \ Patents 545 I The Drug Markets 548-549 ' INDEX TO .ADVERTISERS Page 26 'INDEX TO GOODS ADVERTISED 27-28-29-30 [INDEX TO RE.\DIXG P.AGES 502 THE BIG DRUG MERGER Because of its great importance to every branch of the drug trade we devote considerable space in this issue to the plan of consolidation of the United Drug Company and the Kiker & Hegeman Company, which probably will be ratified by stock- holders of both companies at meetings to be held December 3 and 6. We are firmly of the opinion that this amalgamation of drug interests, if ef- fected, will have a tremendous influence upon all three branches of the drug business — manufactur- ing, jobbing and retailing. The Era is told that the new company will without doubt expand its manufacturing facilities ; its wholesale business will be made more extensive and will enter into more direct competition wth established jobbing houses, and in the retail field it will have absolute con- trol of about 150 large retail stores scattered throughout a number of states, and will have a direct and potent influence upon the business of seven thousand Rexall druggists. The financing of the new company, as proposed, is overwhelming in its magnitude so far as the drug trade is concerned. With a capital stock of $52,500,000 the United Drug Corporation, as it will probably be called, will have the money to expand in many directions perhaps not now con- templated. In issuing stock of the new company for that held by United Drug Company and Riker & Hegeman Company stockholders of the United Drug Corporation will require only $34,245,350 of the new stock, leaving a balance in the treasury of the par value of $18,254,650, which will doubt- less be sold later to the public and this money will no doubt be used for further extension of the business. Seven thousand Rexall druggists (who organ- ized for mutual profit and protection), the major- ity of whom are expected to vote for the pur- chase of the Riker & Hegeman Company, will put themselves in the incongruous position of making possible this tremendous amalgamation of drug capital which is apt to become a menace to their ovm prosperity. According to "The Story of the United Drug Company," a historical sketch -written by Louis K. Liggett and published in a souvenir booklet in Page five hundred and three 504 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [December, 191c 1905, the organization of the United Drug Com- pany was due entirely to the efforts of a small band of retail merchants, first numbering thirty- five and later expanded to one hundred and fifty, who were drawn together by a mutual desire for co-operative buying. Speaking of the company at that time Mr. Liggett said: ' ' It stands to-day as the largest and most profit- able co-operative buying organization in the United States, and will live as a monument to its organ- izers who attended the original meeting * * *." When the United Drug Company was reorgan- ized in 1913 to take in some of the subsidiary companies it was declared in the prospectus issued to shareholders that certain measures were pro- pased "so as to prevent the control of the cor- poration passing from retail druggists." Another paragraph in the prospectus stated that "the pres- ent preferred stock is nearly all held by retail druggists to whose co-operation the success of the company is largely due." Three facts strongly present themselves for the attention of every one in the drug trade, whether stockholders in either the United Drug Company or the Riker & Hegeman Company or merely in- terested observers. These are (1) that the United Drug Company owes its success to the co-opera- tion of retail druggists; (2) that these very same retail druggists have always been natural business enemies of the chain system of drug retailing, and (3) that the United Drug Company, through its consolidation with the Riker & Hegeman Company, may become such a tremendous factor in the drug retailing of this country that its success will men- ace the prosperity of every independent retail drug- gist, not excepting those who have grown up under the system of co-operative manufacturing, buying and retailing which this concern has fostered for so many years. The United Drug Company, built by several thousand retail druggists of the United States as a protection against evils of the trade which they feared, may easily become their very worst enemy. It places the Rexall druggists throughout the country in the paradoxical position of o\TOing cut- rate chain drug stores and making competition more serious for the smaller druggists. Moreover, the control of the United Drug Company may pass by this merger from these retail druggists into the hands of Mr. Liggett and his associates and Mr. Whelan and his associates, who are kno-nn to be closely linked up with the financial interests of the big Tobacco Companies, and it would not be surprising to see a tobacco man placed at the head of the new United Drug Corporation. What this may mean to the retail druggists of the United States will be readily apparent. For one man or group of men, to control the T^fnited Dnitr CompaTiy. tlio Rikor & Hegeman stores, the Litriri'tt st(irc^. Ilic ruitod Cigar Stores Company's toliiiiri, ^liops. in addition to numerous factorie^s of i-cdi('tod many yeai-s ago the hand of the Tobacco interests has long been ir evidence in affairs connected with the United Drue Company and the Riker & Hegeman Company, anc the proposed merger of the two big drug concern! will be a further indication of this power, and { weapon in the hands of powerful and ruthless business interests that may mean a serious hlos\ to independent drug retailing. Those men who, like Louis K. Liggett and John B. Cobb, who bought United Drug common stoct at a nominal price, may be very well satisfied no^^ to dispose of their big holdings so that every fifty- cent piece they invested will bring them three oi four dollars, in addition to voting power and con trol of the company, but what of the thousand' of retail druggi.sts who have stock 1 Are their bes* interests to be conserved? Will the United Drug Company become a boomerang for them or wil it make them all millionaires? THE NEW PHAKMACOPOEIA With the advent of the new year, or short! j thereafter, the pharmacists of the United State will have placed in their hands the Ninth Re vision of the Pharmacopoeia. The full signifi cance of this work and its effect upon the dail: life of the profession of medicine and pharmac: cannot now perhaps be fully estimated, but it i safe to say that the volume will occupy the prem ier position in the practice of these profession? as well as a "place in the sun" in the admini^ tration of laws pertaining to drug and food stand ards. For these reasons its appearance is awaiter with expectancy, for if its standards and defini tions are to obtain for the next decade, the earli*^ the practitioners master its details, the surer wil be the ground upon which their future actions ar based. In this connection, and with a proper recos nition of the importance to the whole drug trad of the issuance of this new revision, the Era h;i arranged a splendid series of articles covering th entire work, the same to appear in this joumf following the publication of the Pharmacopoeif The writers of these articles have been prominentl concerned in the revision work, and what they ma have to say will be that of investigators with firs- hand knowledge. To all those who are vitally it terested in the Pharmacopoeia and what drusgif should not be, these articles are sure to prove helf ful. for they will indicate a direction of effort thf will tend to favor a comprehension of the nc requirements within the shortest possible time limi As has been unofficially stated, it is expects that the new re\nsion will become official abol May 1, next, and most of our readers will agr* that this time is none too long for anyone, hov ever complete his pharmaceutical training may b to acquire a working knowlodcre of all of the no standards, definitions, etc., that the new book wi contain. The particular method each shall empl." to acquire this information is largely a matter ( individual preference, but it must be obtained direct and intensive study on the part of ever druggist. That the wants and peculiar positic December, 1915] THE PHAKMACEUTICAL ERA 505 of the business pharmacist have been kept in mind by the Era in its forthcoming articles on the new- Pharmacopoeia is reflected in its plan to reach those druggists irnable to take instruction in col- leges of pharmacy and who must of necessity turn to their trade journal for information. In this issue of the Era will be found a histori- cal sketch of some of the events connected with the Ninth Revision, as also an outline of the de- velopment of the Pharmacopoeia. The present, or Eighth Revision, has been declared by an eminent authority to be "an aristocrat among pharma- copoeias," a position which, from all indications, its successor will most likely continue to hold. ANNUAL "PREVIEW NUMBER" OF THE SODA FOUNTAIN The soda fountain trade during the past two years has suffered unusual depression, due to a general falling off in all kinds of business but more particularly to unsuitable summer weather. Now the country is emerging rapidly from a period of extreme dullness to one of extreme prosperity and manufacturers and dealers alike are looking for- ward to the coming season as one of the best in the history of this comparatively young and rapidly growing industry. Manufacturers of apparatus and supplies are making preparations now for a boom in soda water. There will be new equipment, new beverages, new methods, planned for the benefit of the retailer to make his business a more profitable and generally more satisfactory one. The January issue of The Soda Fountain will tell of these new things in detail. It will be our annual "Preview Number." Every druggist who has a soda foun- tain should look forward with unusual interest for this number. A COMMERCIAL REVENUE TAX Business men generally are tired, we believe, of systems of raising revenues for Government pur- poses, such as those suggested in the report of Secretarv- McAdoo published in the newspapers a week or so ago. Customs duties, income taxes, .stamp taxes, taxes on gasoline, corporation taxes — these suggest a multiplicity of revenue measures that is distressing to the business world. We be- lieve that business men would much prefer a simple method of taxation, fair to all, easily col- lectable, and one particularly which would not en- tail that prying into the private affairs of indi- viduals, which is so obnoxious. Therefore, we be- lieve there is much to commend the system of taxing people for doing business — a commercial revenue or business tax— as suggested in this issue of the Era. On another page of this issue will be found an explanation of this method, which in one form or another has been utilized before both by the Federal Government and by some of the States. We commend this to the attention of our readers with the suggestion that if this plan meets with their approval they bring it to the attention of the Congressmen from their districts. "ONLY FIVE FRIENDS" In a letter written to Printer's Ink, and repro- duced in this issue of the Era, G. I. Schreiber, a retail druggist of Newark, N. J., divides manufac- turers of drugs and specialties into four classes: those who merit the co-operation of the druggist; those toward whom the druggist is indifferent; those who merit the antagonism of the druggist, and those who are the enemies of the drug business. Among the actual friends of the retail drug- gist ]\Ir. Schreiber names just five. We can scarcely believe that this is true; yet Mr. Schreiber is an active and shrewd retail merchant, one whose busi- ness is probably eagerly sought by leading man- ufacturers, and his statement carries weight. One thing Mr. Schreiber tells us which we had long believed, but so many manufacturers have said we were wrong that we were beginning to doubt our own conclusions. Our belief has been for many years that the retail druggist, in a large proportion of his sales, is the one who selects the brand if a proprietary article of any kind be asked for. We fully realize the tremendous force of ad- vertising direct to the consumer, but we also know that the vast majority of people have a great de- gree of confidence in their comer druggist. He is the man to whom they go with their ills and their troubles almast before they think of a phy- sician. They get so accustomed to accepting the druggist's advice on all matters from what to do for a cinder in the eye to what kind of a sherbet to serve at an afternoon bridge that it is not to be wondered at in the slightest if the druggist were able to sell them Wrigley's gum even if they did ask for Sterling or vice versa. Mr. Schreiber 's letter brings us back with a thump to the same old proposition, that no matter how successful advertising may be in stimulating a demand for any article it is the retailer who must pass it out over the counter to his customers. If advertisers persist in regarding that retailer as a mere distributer of their goods and not as a live merchandising factor is it to be wondered at that from 25 to 50 per cent of the advertiser's money and effort goes to waste because he has ig- nored the retailer? He has not cultivated the re- tailer's good will and co-operation. If every manufacturer would keep in mind that, in one sense, all retailers and their clerks are his agents, and then treat them as such, it would smooth' out many of the differences which now exist between the maker and the dealer. INDEX TO VOLUME XLVIH OF THE ERA A complete index to Volume XLVIII of The Pharmaceutical Era. covering the year 1915, is now in the course of preparation and will soon be ready for distribution. Copies may be obtained by subscribers who will send requests for the same to the publishers. Santa Glaus is Coming! THE drug store is a logical gift shop. Druggists and their customers are waking up to this fact, and the coming holiday season should be one of unusual prosperity for retail druggists everj-- where. The artist who drew the cartoon sees the modern drug store as it should be — busy carting away the many articles that have been purchased for Christmas giving. There are three weeks remaining for holiday business. Druggists should make the most of that time. Make your Btore a busy place like that of the Knight & Da> druggists. The Pharmaceutical Era wishes you success and a Merrj- Christmas and a Happy New Year. Page five hundred and six New Pharmacopoeia Out About January 1 Ninth Revision Has Been Most Carefully Prepared by Committee of Eminent Pharmacists and Medical Men WITHIN the next few weeks, it is expected, the ninth decennial revision of the United States Phannacopoeia will make its appearance, and in a few months thereafter will supersede the present revision which became official September 1, 1905. From present indications, the new Pharmacopoeia will be on sale shortly after January 1, and will become official May 1, 1916. For five years no small part of the time of fifty veiy busy men has been devoted to the work of revising the Pharmacopoeia. This work has been accomplished in addition to their regular duties, which often are onerous enough. Their labor has not been expended with the hope of material reward, but largely with the idea of contributing something of substantial value to the progress of pharmaceu- tical knowledge. The actual work of revising the Pharmacopoeia was begun A. Koch, Ph.D., H. Kraemer, Ph.D., Philadelphia, J. H. Long, on December 15, 1910, though the foundations were laid Sc.D., Chicago, 111. ;'A. B. Lyons, M.D., Detroit, Mich. ; P. Marvel, before that time. In May, 1910, the ninth decennial meet- M.D., Atlantic City, N. J.; C. F. Nixon, Ph.G., Leominster, ing of the United States Pharmacopoeial Convention took Mass.; O. T. Osborne, !M.D., New Haven, Conn.; Albert place in Washington, D. C, and there occurred the first Plaut, New York, N. Y. ; W. A. Puckner, Chicago, 111. work toward Pharmacopoeial revision. That Pharmacopoeial Conven- tion was notable in that for the first time delegates from the Na- tion Wholesale Druggists Asso- ciation, the Association of Of- ficial Agricultural Chemists, the American .Association of Diary. Food and Drug Officials and representatives appointed by the Secretaries of Agriculture and Commerce and Labor were ac- corded recognition. What is more, representative wholesale druggists and chemical manufac- turers were elected on the Com- mittee of Revision, which by the action of the convention, was raised from a membership of twenty-si.'? to fifty. Members of Committee of Revision The committee of fifty was named as follows: Joseph P. Remington, Ph.M., Philadelphia, Pa. (June to Oc- tober, Longport, Atlantic Co., N. J.), chairman; C. Lewis Diehl, Ph.M., Louisville, Ky., 1st vice-chairman; H. C. Wood, Jr., M.D., Philadelphia, Pa., 2d vice-chairman; Charles H. La- Wall, Ph^I., Philadelphia, Pa,, secretary; W. C. Alpers, Sc.D., New York, N. Y.; J. F. Ander- son, M.D., Washington, D. C H. V. Amy, Ph.D., New York N. v.; E. H. Bartley, M Brooklyn, N. Y.; George M. Ber inger, Ph.M., Camden, N. J. Wilhelm Bodemann, Chicago, III. Charles Caspari, Jr., Phar.D ■ Baltimore, Md. ; C. E. Caspari, Ph.D., St. Louis, Mo.; Al- bert H. Clark, Ph.G., Chicago, 111.; Virgil Coblentz, Ph.D., ^ BrookK-n, N. Y.; S. Solis Cohen, M.D., Philadelphia, Pa.; N. S. Davis, M.D., Chicago, 111.; Geo. C. Diekman, M.D,, . New York, N. Y.; A. R. L. Dohme, Ph.D., Baltimore, Md.; E. G. Eberle, Ph.G., Dallas, Texas; C. W. Edmunds, M.D., Ann Arbor, Mich.; J. W. England, Ph.G., Philadelphia, Pa.; . J. M. Francis, M.A., Detroit, Mich.; James M. Good, Ph.M., St. Louis, Mo.; H. M. Gordin, Ph.D., Chicago, 111.; Willis G. Gregory, M.D., Buffalo, N. Y.; Walter S. Haines, M.D., Chicago, III.; R. A. Hatcher, M.D., New York, N. Y.; Lewis C. Hopp, Ph.G., Cleveland, O. : Reid Hunt, M.D., Wash- ington, D. C; L. F. Kebler, M.D., Washington, D. C; J. ork'. k!hH Otto Raubenheimer, Ph.G., Brooklyn, N. Y.; C. D. Rosen- garten, Ph.D., Philadelphia, Pa,; H. H. Rusby, M.D., Newark, N. J.; Samuel P. Sadtler, Ph.D., Philadelphia, Pa.; Lucius E. Sayre, Ph.M., Lawrence, Kan.; J. O. Schlotterbeck, Ph.D., Ann Arbor, Mich.; Torald SoUmann, M.D., Cleveland, O.; A. B. Stevens, Ph.D., Ann Arbor, Mich.; Rodney H. True, Ph.D., Washington, D. C; C. E. Van- derkleed, Phar.D., Philadelphia, Pa. ; M. I. Wilbert, Ph.M., Wash- ington, D. C. ; Harvey W. Wiley, Ph.D., M.D., Washington, ex- officio. Prof. Remington Chairman 30 Years At its first meeting for or- ganization the Committee of Re- vision elected Joseph P. Rem- ington of Philadelphia general chairman and editor-in-chief, a position which he has now held for 30 years. C. Lewis Diehl of Louisville, Ky., and H. C. Wood, Jr., of Philadelphia, were elected vice-chairman. Charles H. La Wall of Philadelphia was elected secretary. An executive committee of fif- teen members was authorized by the Pharmacopoeial Convention, ^ ;| this committee consisting of the chairmen oof the various sub- rommittees. Prof. Remington be- ing member ex-officia of this - executive committee. Prof. Joseph P. Remington, Chairman of Committee of Revision of U. S. Pharmacopoeia The first committee to begin its work was that on the scope of the Pharmacopoeia, of which Dr. Solis S. Cohen of Philadelphia is chairman. The first vot- ing by mail was done following the mailing from Philadelphia, on December IS, 1910, of ballots. From that time on until very recently the general chair- men, sub-committee chairmen and members have been ac- tively at work almost every day on some phases of the re- vision. The chairman of each of the sub-committees first took up the work to which his committee was assigned. Occasional meetings of the various committees were held, but a great part of the work was done by mail. Two weeks were allowed to each member of a committee to vote on any proposition submitted to him for his opinion. If his vote was not re- Page five hundred and seven 508 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [Decembee, 1915 C. Lewis Diehl, Louisville, Ky., first vice-chairman; CharlesH. LaWall, Philadelphia, secretary, and H. C. Wood, Jr., Philadelphia, second vice-chairman. ceived by the chairman within the two weeks it was not counted. After the sub-committees had laid the general plans for their respective departments a vote was taken on all of the different points which had aroused discussion. Once a point was settled by a sub-committee it was referred to Prof. Rem- ington as general chairman, who in turn submitted it to the executive committee or to the committee as a whole for final and complete endorsement or rejection. Having agreed upon the principles to govern any phase of the work the sub-committee chairmen put the matter in writing. This written form was passed upon by all members of the sub-committee before being referred to the general chairman for the confirmation of the whole committee. Infinite Detail of the Work This brief sketch of the methods followed by the Com- mittee of Revision and its sub-committees does not give any adequate idea of the immense amount of work which was put forth on nearly every phase of the revision. For example, when it came to a subject such as glycerin the Committee of Revision felt that it should have the benefit of all of the prominent manufacturers of glycerin in the United States before establishing standards for this article. A meeting took place a few summers ago at the seaside home of Prof. Remington at Longport, N. J., which lasted from early in the afternoon until midnight and glycerin was the only sub- ject discussed. Similar investigation was made of every subject which of- fered any possibility of phases not familiar to former re- vision committees. Research of various kinds was conducted and abstracts of all literature on every article were gath- ered from innumerable sources. It is slow, laborious work, the making of a new Pharma- copoeia. The compensation which the members of the eighth revision committee received was $250 each, while the chair- man was voted an honorarium of $2,000, making a little more than $6,000 in all which Prof. Remington has received for his thirty years' work. The various sub-committees of the Committee of Revision which accomplished the work of making the new official book arc as follows: Scope, Po.sology and Pharmacodynamics, Biological Products, Botany and Pharmacognosy, Inorganic Chemicals, Organic Chemicals, Proximate Assays, \'olatile Oils, Fluid and Solid Extracts and Tinctures, Aromatic Waters. Spirits and Elixirs, Syrups and Elixirs, Cerates and Oint- ments, Miscellaneous Galenicals, Weights, Measures and Tables, Nomenclature. The History of the Pharmacopoeia In January, 1817, Dr. Lyman Spaulding, of New Yorl City, submitted a plan to the Medical Society the County of New York for the formation of a Nationi Pharmacopoeia, and from this initial movement crystallize* the first United States Pharmacopoeia, issued in 1820. Tha instituted, medical authority continued to dominate the pub lication of the official guide for fifty years. But prior to th Pharmacopoeial Convention of 1840. the Committee of Re vision and Publication was authorized to request the to operation of the colleges of pharmacy in the United Stati and as a result, pharmacopoeial history records that "valu able assistance was rendered the Committee by the CoUeg' of Pharmacy of Boston, New York and Philadelphia, espei ially by the latter." As a matter of fact, the committee ac cepted a Pharmacopoeia prepared by the Philadelphia Co! lege of Pharmacy in lieu of the one which the medical corr mittee had planned. This may be said to be the beginnin of pharmaceutical activity in revision work. Beginning with the Pharmaceutical Convention of 1S5 the various colleges of pharmacy, through duly accrediie delegates, have had official representation in the decenni: meetings of the organization, this recognition of pharmac being further extended by action of the Convention of IS? providing for the recognition of delegates from the inco: porated pharmaceutical societies throughout the United Stat« and delegates from the American Pharmaceutical .^ssociati With this extension of its membership, which also eluded delegates representing the medical departments the Army, Navy and Marine Hospital Service, the Wi of the Convention took on a new impulse. Important chan^ were directed to be made in the Pharmacopoeia, ami them being the arrangement of all articles in alphabet order, the introduction of the new chemical nomenclature, t! statement of quantities in "parts by weight", and more cr prehensive and exact descriptions of crude drugs and che- rals. Numerous tables were also added to the Phan ropoeia. A Committee of Revision was elected, consistr of twenty-five members, and its powers and duties were e pressly defined. The inauguration of these changes mar< a new era in pharmacopoeia making, and Charles R primarily a chemist, but with a wonderful knowledge of v lateral sciences, was chosen to guide the destinies of the i undertaking. In writing for Trre Pharmaceuticu. Er.\ in Febn: issue of 1880, Prof. Remington said: "A comparison of this Pharmacopoeia (1880) with its i mediate predecessor (1870) shows many improvements, pr DECEMBER, 1915] THE PHAEMACEUTICAL ERA 509 Prominent Pharmacists and Medical Men Who Have Aided in Revision of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia James H. Beal Chairman of Board of Trustees S. SoLis Cohen, M.D. W. C. Axpers Chairman of Committee on Chairman of Committe Scope Syrups and Elixirs A. B. Lyons, M.D. Chairman of Committee on Weights, Measures and Tables Harvey W. Wiley, M.D. J. F. Anderson, M.D. Chairman of Committee on Chairman of Committee on Volatile Oils Biological Products WiLHELM BODEMANN OttO RAUBENHEIMER Chairman of Committee on Chairman of Committee Miscellaneous Galenicals Cerates and Ointments Henry Kraemer Chairman of Committee on Botany and Pharmacognosy George M. Beringer Chairman of Committee on Fluid and Solid Extracts and Tinctures G. D. Rosen GARTEN Chairman of Coviynittee on Organic Chemicals A. B. Stevens Chairman of Committee Proximate Assays 510 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [December, 1915 ably the greatest being the minute descriptions of chemica substances." The publication of this revision (1880) accen- tuated an awakening of interest among pharmacists and chemists in the official guide, but it was received by the physicians of the country with apathy. The sixth revision of the Pharmacopoeia was pub- lished at the close of October, 1882. Publication Committee Created In 1890 the Pharmacopoeia was for the first time published by the Committee of Revision itself. In all previous revisions the publishers received practically all of the profits from their sale of the books. The Pharmacopoeial Convention of 1890 resolved to create a pub- lication committee which should take entire charge of the issu- ance of the book. They in- vited bids from a number of publishers, a fixed sale price for the book was established and an arrangement entered in- to whereby one concern pub- lished the book and another handled the sale of it. An innovation was made in the next revision of the Phar- macopoeia. Instead of being called the revision of 1900 it was termed "eighth decennial revision" because the book was lever issued in the year of the meeting of the Convention. The length of time for revising the book kept increasing with each issue, the present one coming about five years after the Convention which laid the first plans for it. The Pharmacopoeia "factory" Remington standing Meanwhile the financial condition of the Pharmacopoeia had improved and in July, 1900, a charter was issued under the corporate name of the United States Pharmacopoeial Convention. The charter was issued un- der the laws of the District of Columbia. Dr. Charles Rice died on May 31, 1901. His twenty-one years of ser- vice contributed a great deal to pharmaceutical progress in this country. Joseph P. Remington was elected to succeed him and has continued to fill the chair- manship of the Committee of Re- vision from that time. Board of Trustees Elected In 1900 the Pharmacopoeial Convention decided to separate the actual work of revision from that of transacting business con- nected with the finances and a Board of Trustees was created to invest the funds of the Conven- tion, to execute any and all legal contracts or agreements for the publication of the Pharmacopoeia, to pay experts and others for services performed and to per- form other ordinary business duties. This revision of the Pharma- copoeia will be printed by the J. B. Lippincott Co., of Philadel- phia, and sold through P. Blakiston's Son & Company, Phil- adelphia. This arrangement is similar to that foUowel in mar- keting the Eighth revision, which was foimd to work out satis- factorily. Copies will be sold at $2.50 each. at Longport, N. J in the doorway. Prof. An Analysis and Criticism of the *'Goldwater Ordinance" By J. H. SEAL Beyond question some additional legal regulation of the proprietary medicine business is desirable, but I can not find anything in the so-called Goldwater ordinance to indicate that it represents the species of regulation desired. Rather it seems to unduly harass and annoy the retail drug trade — already overburdened with needless regulations — ^^^thout materially affecting the evils which, presumably, it is intended to reach. 1. The term proprietary or patent medicine is given a definition not in correspondence with court decisions, nor with the common understanding of the trade. According to the definition in the ordinance, a proprietary medicine is not a proprietary medicine if the names of its ingre- dients — not their quantities — are printed on the label, and such ;a preparation is therefore excepted from the effects of the -ordinance, no matter how dangerous or how valueless it might '.be. Such a definition is contrary to well considered court de- 'cisions, and contrary to the accepted understanding of the i^erm proprietary or patent medicine by the drug trade and by the medical fraternity. It is the proprietorship or right of control which a manu- facturer asserts to a preparation which makes it a proprie- tary. Whether it is of open formula or of secret composition has notliing to do with the question. 2. The ordinance unjustly discriminates between proprietaries dispensed on prescription and those not so dispensed. A very considerable proportion of the medicines prescribed and dispensed by physicians are proprietary preparations, and many of them are not distinguishable from those known to the laity as patent medicines. If secrecy is bad in the case of medicines sold in one way, it is especially bad in the case of those sold by or on the order of a physician. 3. The ordinance taken by itself is inquisitorial merely and does not provide any means for restrict- ing the sale of dangerous or worthless nostrums which may be discovered. The measure does not seem to have any definite objective point. The terms and requirements of the ordinance are sat- isfied if the maker of a secret preparation communicates the bare names of the ingredients used to tl^e Department of Health, and moreover the Department is required to preser^'e sacredly inviolate any guilty secrets which it may thus obtain. What is the use of learning the presence of dangerous or improper drugs, if the knowledge cannot be used to prosecute tlie offender? To promise immunity to a defendant criminal in return for testimony to convict his guilty confederates is a common expe- dient, but to promise immunity to all who confess their pur- pose in advance of the wrongs they intend to commit — the officers of the law being bound to preserve such confessions in the strictest confidence — is a proposition so startlingly original that one may be pardoned for questioning its good faith as well as its expediency. It may be an explanation of this peculiar character of the ordinance is to be found in one of the following suppositions: (a) It may be that the framers of the ordinance are rely- ing upon some provision contained in some other law or or- dinance that will enable them to ignore the pledge of immunity and secrecy which is apparently extended by this ordinance. If so, then good faith requires that those who will be affected by the ordinance should be given clearly to understand what the combined effect of the new and old legislation will be. (b) It may be that the sponsors of the ordinance regard it merely as the entering wedge for further legislation to be pre- sented later on. If this supposition is correct, then all who use ( Contitiund on page 53$^ Fifty Million Dollar Drug Merger Stockholders' Meetings This Month Will Decide Upon Consolidation of United Drug and Riker & Hegeman NOTHING in the financial history of the drug? trade approaches the magnitude of the proposed merger of the United Drug Company and the Riker & Hegeman Company, which if ratified i by the stockholders of both companies at meetings to be held on December 3 and 6, will bring knto existence a new company, to be known in all probability as the United Drug Corporation, with a capital stock of $52,500,000. ; The stockholders of the United Drug Company will meet Friday, December 3 at the office of .the company in Boston, and the Riker & Hegeman Company stockholders will meet in New York on Monday, December 6. Prominent stockholders of both companies have advised the Era that they believe of shares on the above basis of distribution he will recei- a certificate for the number of whole shares to which he entitled and a receipt for the additional fraction of a shrr which receipt will be transferable and may be combined wi other receipts so as to entitle the holder to a whole shrr and it is proposed to make some arrangement whereby sto"" holders can acquire and dispose of fractional receipts. "Shares of the New Company which are not required effect the exchange by stockholders of United Drug Comp: r and Riker & Hegeman Co. under the Plan will be dispo>r of for the purpose of providing cash which may be nece sary to carry the Plan into effect. "If the above Plan is carried out the initial issues of stx by the New Company will be substantially as set forth abcv which will leave the balances of authorized but unissv.f first preferred, second preferred and common stock for fut i requirements of the New Company. Committee "In order to carry out and effect the purposes of this Pli a committee representing the stockholders of United D:i Company of Mas.sachusetts, consisting of Louis K. Ligg't James C. Brady and Fred S. Rogers (hereinafter called 1 'Committee'), has been appointed. For the powers of t'l Committee tli<- stockholders are referred to the Deposit .-Vgr- ment, wliirli bv rrf-rt^nce is made a part of this Plan rr copv of N^' i. li i- - i' iiiitted herewith and under which stc 1 holders of T'liited Hrug Company are now invited to depi s their stock in order to avail themselves of the advantages > the Plan. "A similar committee of stockholders of the Riker S: He:' man Co. has been appointed to act for the stockholders • the Riker S: Hegeman Co. Deposit of Stock "In order to carry out the Plan, it will be necessary fi the stockholders of United Drue Comnany. both common ft preferred, to endorse their stock in blank and to di posit the stock so endorsed with the .American Tr i Company. 50 State Street, Boston. Massachusetts, to he V • by said American Trust Company subject to and under 1 terms of the Deposit .Agreement, to which the stockhoWi December, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 513 are referred for the more particular terms of deposit. At the time of deposit of the stock the stockholders are requested to sign and deliver the prox^- submitted with this Plan. De- posits of stock should be made prior to December 3d, 1915. Deposit Certificates "The stockholders will receive from the American Trust Company of Boston at the time of deposit a receipt certify- ing to the deposit of said stock under the terms and condi- tions of this Plan and the Deposit Agreement. The sur- render and delivery of the said certificate will be a condition precedent to the receipt by any stockholder of certificates of shares of stock deposited or to the receipt by the stock- holder of shares of stock of the New Company as the case may be. These deposit certificates will be transferable in the manner provided in the Deposit .Agreement. "In case the Plan is not consummated before April 1, 1916, certificates for the shares of stock deposited will be delivered to the stockholders entitled thereto upon presentation of the proper deposit certificates; provided, however, that the Com- mittee may extend the period for carrying out the Plan for a further term of four (4) months if such extension is deemed advisable. "Stockholders will receive all dividends declared by United Drug Company of Massachusetts on the stock deposited as and when paid by said corporation, and if the Plan is car- ried out it is proposed to make an adjustment so that the stockholders shall receive the equivalent of dividends to the date of transfer and exchange on their present stock at the rates paid thereon during the last year. "Stockholders who deposit their stock assent to the terms and provisions of the Plan and Deposit Agreement. "Dated— Boston, November 15th, 1915." A deposit agreement which is enclosed with these notices merely reiterates the same general facts. Riker & Hegeman Company Also Presents Consolidation Plan A committee of stockholders of the Riker & Hegeman Company has sent out a printed letter and plan of consolidation under date of November 10. A stockholders' meeting is called for December 6, just three days following the meeting of the United Drug Company stockholders. The plan of con- solidation as outlined in the Riker & Hegeman Company's statement is as follows: At a meeting of the Board of Directors of the Riker & Hege- other means as the Committee may deem advisable, and the man Co. held on October 25, 1915, a resolution was adopted ap- j^g^^ Company shall assume all the outstanding liabilities and proving and recommending to the stockholders of the Company . for their approval a plan for the amalgamation of the United obligations of the said companies. Drug Company of Massachusetts and of the Riker & Hegeman ..-pj^g following allotment of stock is proposed: for December 6, 1915, to consider and to act upon the proposi- j^;^ ^ Hegeman Co $2,147,400.00 tions necessary or proper to carry the said Plan into effect, TTnit^H r)r„cf rnmnanv " 2 938 950 00 as more fully appears by the notice of the said stockholders' United Drug Company . .. .... .. ...^....... 2,y3S,y50.UU meeting herewith enclosed. II- Second Preferred Stock Paying Six Per Cent. Non-Cumulative Dividends. In order to carry out and effect the purposes of the Plan, it Riker & Hegeman Co $3,859,000.00 will be necessary for stockholders, both common and preferred. United Drug Company 5,250,000.00 to deposit their stock before December 6, 1915, endorsed in blank, -rjf f^.„_._ c*„.v with Banker's Trust Company, Depositary, of No. 16 Wall Street, rVw u „ m ts 800000 00 Borough of Manhattan, jfew York'' City. " Stock may be deposited g'nUe'd "^D^rCompany ! ] ! :::: i ! i ! ! ! ! ! i: i ! " on and aiter iSovember la, 1915. At the time of deposit of stock, the stockholders are requested ^^^S* Preferred Stock to sign and deliver to the Bankers Trust Company (1) the en- "phe first preferred Stock will be entitled to preferential closed proxy to the Committee, and (2) the enclosed letter to , ,. ,. . , , ^ ^, ^ z _ i „ -n the Bankers Trust Company. cumulative dividends at tlie rate of 7% per annum, and will ™. „ , -r . o -1, • . . 1^ ij be preferred as to principal in case of liquidation to the The Bankers Trust Company will issue to stockholders negoti- , ^ r i j -j j- -j i a *u able certificates of deposit for all stock deposited, as more fully extent of its par value and unpaid dividends accrued there- appears in the Plan. The deposit of stock is subject to the on. The first preferred stock will be subject to call at a provisions of the Deposit Agreement on file with the Bankers gum equivalent to 120% of the par value of the shares there- Trust Company, which sets forth the terms and conditions of . ,^ , ,. .j j ,^ ■ jj-i- deposit. ■ of, plus accrued dividends. The Committee, in addition, may The Committee has carefully investigated the proposed Plan in<:lude a provision for the accumulation of a surplus to of Amalgamation of the United Drug Company and the Riker secure the first preferred stock, and a provision granting the & Hegeman Co., and believes that it will be of great benefit first preferred stock a preferential right to subscribe ^y^hl?3h:,?de^'l wt^^^or'te"pianT^elr^I^?lfur'gerto '° "T issue of first preferred stock, and such other secure its successful consummation at an early date. provisions for the further security of the first preferred stock Yours truly, as the Committee may deem advisable. The first preferred JOHN B. COBB, stock will not be entitled to voting powers except in case. JOHN H. FLAGLER, of default in the payment of any quarterly dividend, and EDWARD D. C.AHOON default shall have been cured by the payment of Committee. _ ^ , , , , , „ . , r. , , , arrears of dividend, the first preferred stock shall have A Committee of Stockholders of the Riker & Hegeman Co., right to vote consisting of John B. Cobb, John H. Flagler and Edward D. ' ^^or.^ Preferred Stock Cahoon (hereinafter called the Committee) and a committee representing the United Drug Company of Massachusetts, have second preferred stock will be entitled to non-cumu- arrivcd at a plan for an amalgamation of the Riker & Hege- '^^ive dividends at the rate of 6% per annum, which shall be man Co. and the United Drug Company of Massachusetts, as preferential over the common stock, and will also be pre- follows" ferred in liquidation over the common stock to the extent "A new corporation (hereinafter called the 'New Com- ^^-If '^^ P'f"'^ stock will not be pany') will be organized, either under the laws of the State P°;^'<^rs, and will be subject to call at a of New York or under the laws of the State of Massa- f^'^f ? • , ^ '^"'^ chusetts. or under the laws of any other State if the Com- Committee may, in addition, mclude a provision mittee deem it advisable. The Riker & Hegeman Co. will be ^^^^ TT^ preferred stock shall have the right to vota consolidated or merged with the New Company under the .'^^^ °^ ^'^.^^"'^ V^^ratnX of dividends and a pro- laws of the State of New York, or the New Company will 7'^'°" ''T P''^^"'"!^ ^'"'^'^ ''f convertible purchase all the assets and property of the United Drug ^T-. ^T"'"" c^Vof ^ ^^l Company and of the Riker & Hegeman Co., or the amalgama- ^mdends at the rate of 7% per annum and under such tion of the United Drug Company and the Riker & Hege- conditions as the Committee may deem advisable, man Co. will be effected in such other manner and by such {Concluded on Faze 543) MAKING GOODS MOVE 'ELL, I suppose I ought to be glad that you've decided to show me how to run this business. It certainly should help me out a whole lot. When a man gets a clerk who is smart enough to sell dollar goods for fifteen cents he's sure in luck. But, as you know, I'm just far enough behind the times not to benefit by your advice — or even to want it." "And that," smiled the successful druggist, "marked the end of the first chapter of my dealings with Charles Dillingham, standpat druggist. "As far back as I can remember Dillingham the druggist had his store at Third and Front streets, the best business corner in my home town. "The methods of the hard headed, tradition loving Mayor Dillingham were the same as those of Dillingham, Standpat Druggist, and as I dusted, for the hundredth time, the rows of unsalable bottles of bitters, cough syrups and liniments which he refused to part with for a cent less than the price he originally intended to get for them, I felt a keen sympathy for the unlucky aldermen who were sentenced to pull in the harness with this ultra-conservative city head. "It was then that I determined to convince him, if such a thing were possible, of the economical necessity of ridding his store of the accumu- lation of junk which had been steadily growing on his shelves for the matter of ten years or so. I realized fully — both from a knowledge of his nature and previous experience — that he was very likely to resent bitterly any suggestions that I offered. But I was young, ambitious and heartily tired of his penny economy and mule-like resistance to progress. So, without apologies of any sort, I suggested that he pile up the thousand or so boxes and bottles of "dead ones" on a bargain counter and clean them out — for fifteen cents apiece if necessary. That resulted in his foregoing remarks and the verbal battle which preceded my resignation and entrance into the drug field as a competitor to my former employer, who greeted my initial appearance as a drug store proprietor with scorn and sarcasm. But in spite of his predictions my little business grew. He Paid Little Attention to Me As far back as I can remember DUli "I know that at first he regarded my modest inroads into his trade as the result of the whims of certain of his cus- tomers, who would surely return to him with the advent of my failure — if not before. And so he paid little attention to me or my store. "So far as I know I was the pioneer in my section in the field of "stock moving". I don't know where I got my ideas, but I believed in the principle of pushing sales. I practiced it faithfully. When I discovered an article in my stock for which there was no demand I set out to create that demand. To do this I would at times have to cut the price in two. In my first year I cleaned out at ten cents each, a dozen bottles of an article which was once considered as a staple and which sold for a dollar a bottle. A rival druggist bought them all — with a laugh. I think he has them yet. "Cleveland — a hundred miles away — being the nearest town containing druggists that resorted to sales for business stim- ulus, my methods proved a novelty and made a good impres- sion upon the thrifty buyers of our community. As a result, I was able to keep my small capital working all the time and also bring the buyers into my store, which, of course, was highly desirable. Inclined to Ridicule My Ideas "Before the year was up I could see that my old employer was feeling plainly the effects of my trade pulling methods, as he suffered more than any other druggist in town. My store was close to his and my methods exactly the opposite. In public he was inclined to ridicule my ideas but I noticed that he finally put on a sale. Surely "it must have wounded his pride and outraged his sense of economy — at least that was what every line of his sales poster srciiiod tn indicate. After using about three-fourths of hi^; spie- ^.-iiin;; forth the advantages to be gained by purrbn.'iinL' i.-milnlv at his store- in which he made plain the f;i( t ili il. l,> mind, his snli' was merely another name for a i;ifi i i tiis ,.1,1 friends —he :i>iiMiiiiif f1 thnt ho would sell a crri lin i.uti.ni of his stork . ' , nt - auditor and Dillingham T went over the stock. But first I madf it plain to Mr. Dillin.gham that I really had no desire tr purchase his stock whatever, that his good will was worth, aliout four dollars to us, and his antique fixtures about worthless, but that we wanted his location. We would pay him a fair price for his fixtures and sell them again as best we could and we would give him cash for his stock, and throw away what we couldn't dispose of. But there were few items I would have to consider apart from the rest. "With the memory of old days fresh in my mind I wen? to the rear of the store, brought out a small ladder, mounted it and ran my hand along the •shelf. Sure enough, they were still there, long rows of old bottles, containing toilet waters, perfumes, cosmetics and tooth washes. T had thctr taken down and placed on a table. Then I directed the re- moval of numberless boxes of nail, face and tooth powders Page t\--c-jourteen fecial Sales Pay? By W. F. French tad his store at Third and Front streets, the best business together with a myriad of soaps and other toilet articles from various drawers and shelves. Every item was familiar to me, and I imagine they must have been a part of Dillingham's •life, .\fter they were all assembled I found we had three long tables pretty well filled with them. ".\ glance at the inventory that Dillingham had prepared for us showed that they represented a cost to him of nearly sbc hundred dollars. It was even more than I had expected. But any new and expensive preparations that came out usually reached his shelves in half dozen or dozen lots. " 'Mr. Dillingham,' I said, 'I have requested our auditor to strike these items from the inventory and we shall consider them separately. I will make you a separate offer for them — just as they stand.' " 'How much ? They are in good condition. You know I itake good care of my stock.' Carting Them Away " 'Let me ask you, Mr. Dillingham, does old Bob Leach still do carting here?' " 'Yes, sir. But I don't see — ' " 'That being the case,' I interrupted briskly, 'I'll pay for this stuff just what he charges to haul it down to the river and dump it in. Or if that doesn't appeal to you I'll pay the cartage to any other store you care to open and make you a present of this faithful stock.' "For once Dillingham failed to stand pat; he mumbled a few complaints but finally agreed to strike the stuff from the inventory and take it away. What he did with it I never learned. "But that was by no means all the old stock he had on hand. Our inventory auditor was an expert and I instructed him to value the items at just what we could get for them. It more than cut the total of Dillingham's inventory in two, but I am sure he was glad to get rid of the stuff at any price. ".■\s soon as the deal was closed I had every article in Dillingham's store carted over to our local branch and sold from our bargain tables. The idea seemed to delight the townsfolk and they flocked into the store with grinning faces. They apparently were pleased at the thought of buying, at a great reduction, the stock on which Dillingham had refused to cut the prices a cent. "Our auditor knew his business and when we had cleaned out Dillingham's old stock we found that we had made just Page iivc-fiftccn my home toum. enough profit on it to cover our expenses. That was the end of my dealings with Dillingham, standpat druggist, and my one-time employer." The Stimulating Power of a "Sale" It was in answer to a question as to whether he had ever known a druggist who did not believe in sales that the suc- cessful druggist had told the foregoing story. According to his belief there are still drug store proprietors — he refuses to recognize them as druggists — who consider that a sale indicates an unsound condition of business, who feel that to offer goods on sale is to admit to the public that there is a surplus of old and undesirable stock to be cleaned up or that tiiere has been made a very poor purchase. "But," continued the successful druggist, with emphasis, "that is just the opposite of the truth. The wide-awake purchasers — and there are millions of them — realize that peri- odical sales are the druggist's insurance against old stock and that tlie man who keeps his goods constantly moving knows accurately just what article will or will not sell and makes his purchases accordingly. Is there any one thing that will assure a patron of fresh candy quite so readily as a recent candy sale? I don't think so. "In our business we keep our inventory up to date — we know every month just what we have on hand and just how long each article has been on hand. That makes it a very simple matter to eliminate the goods that do not sell readily. The Tail End of a Large Stock "Again, there is nothing that sticks on the shelves quite so persistently as the tail end of a large stock. I cannot ex- plain the reason for it, but I have noticed again and again that we may make two or three hundred sales of an article in a couple of weeks and then have the last dozen or half dozen remain unsold for a month or more, until we force them over the sales counter at a greatly reduced price. We do not like to allow a few articles from one lot to hang over and get rpixed with a new lot of the same goods. We make it a point to start with a clean slate each time. As a result we may have three or four bottles of a well-known toilet water or drug on the sales counter at half price even while we are putting a fresh shipment of that particular merchan- dise on our shelves. We have found that it pays to keep our (Concluded on page 544) Tax Measures Suggested to Congress Secretary McAdoo Issues Statement^Recommending Plans; Commercial[Revenue Tax Thought Well of bynBusiness Men SECRETARY of the Treasury McAdoo has issued a statement in which he makes a number of suggestions to Congress for the raising of revenues to cover the deficit in the Government pocket- book, and to provide funds for running the country during the next year, in ad- dition to leaving an ample overflow for national preparedness. Taxation measures originate in the House of Representatives. Secretary McAdoo recommends re-enact- ment of the emergency revenue taxation law, which will be vigorously fought by the Manufacturing Perfumers' Association of the United States, as stated on another page of this issue; he further recommends a repeal of the tariff law provision put- ting sugar on the free list; favors increased taxation on individual and corporate in- comes; reduction of the income tax exemp- tion from $4,000 to $3,000 for married and from $3,000 to $2,000 for single men ; pro- vision that the surtax on incomes shall be- gin at $10,000 or $15,000 instead of $20,- 000 as at present; a tax on gasoline and crude and refined oils. Another plan of taxation, not mentioned in Secretary McAdoo's statement, but thought well of by business men to whom it has been suggested by The Pharmaceu- tical Era, is a business tax or commercial revenue measure, which, it is believed, would provide sufficient funds for the Gov- ernment so that income, corporate and emergency stamp taxes might be abolished. The feature of the business tax plan which Secretary McAdoo who recommends wrote as follows: "Such a tax as this would do away with all of our present taxes on corporations as well as the in- come tax and these special stamp taxes and the percentage could easily be ar- ranged so as to produce the income re- quired. "There is nothing so offensive to busi- ness men in this country as these con- stant inquiries into one's personal affairs. If everybody had to pay a certain tax on his gross business that would make it very easy for business firms to keep and simplify reports. How much money a firm or an individual makes would be his own affair and not that of the Government. "It might be possible that some modi- fication would have to be made in the law with regard to banks, brokerage and commission houses, but every manufacturer and everyone who buys and sells could be included in one blanket rate. It is worth something for everybody to do business this country and a small tax on the gross business would make no burden on any one. The large and small would pay alike in proportion to the volume of their trade." The amount of revenue which it would be possible to raise under this form of taxation is, of course, an interesting ques- tion. Dun's and Bradstreet's give approxi- mately two million individuals, firms and corporations in their reports, but under especially commends it, in the opinion of enactment of the emergency stamp tax. Federal system of levying business taxes it business men, is that it involves no prying into private affairs of individuals such as is made necessary by the income tax and corporation tax measures. This plan, which might be called a "commercial revenue tax," would operate along the following lines: First — A minimum tax of $2 a year jar every individual, firm or corporation doing business for profit. This might be called a registration tax. _ Second — A surtax levied on all individuals, firms or corpora- tions doing an annual gross business of $10,000 or more; such a tax to be 1 per cent or less of such gross sales as the needs of the country might require. Third — Collection of the tax to be handled partially through the Postoffice Department, it becoming the duty of every post- master to report to the authorities at Washington as to the business concerns in his community. In the case of cities where there is a carrier service each carrier would be required to file reports of every business concern on his route. The Postviaster would keep a triplicate record. One copy of a card would be left with the concern to be taxed, the Postmaster would retain one card and mail the third to the Internal Revenue Collector of his district. The Internal Revenue Collector would then send a blank to business concerns for their report and payment of the tax. The Postoffice would keep its file to make sure that every firm receiving mail was reported upon. These are the main points of the plan as expounded by its advocates. There are certain other advantages pointed out, such as doing away with the inquisitorial methods now in vogue when taxes are collected. Business concerns, it is believed, would not object to making a confidential report as to their gross business, and prying into the affairs of individuals would be eliminated. In a recent letter an advocate of this method of taxation is probable that double this number would be taxable, especially if all classes of small business, farmers and professional people were to be included. Business taxes, so-called, are common in many cities through- out the country. Among the larger cities which collect busi- ness taxes, together with the percentage of the total revenues raised in 1907 ("Statistics of Cities," special report of the U. S. Census, 1908) are the following: Kansas City, 189^- Atlanta, 12%; Savannah, 20%; Norfolk, 26% Charleston, 11%; Birmingham, 37%; Mobile, 30%; Augusta, 12%; Mont- gomery, 33% Jacksonville, 26%; Kno-xville, 15%; Macon. 18%. At the present time 1 < i ^ form a part of the regular state-revenue pri > s in .Mabama, Florida. Georgia, Kentucky, Loui~ md, Mississippi, Mis- souri, North Carolina, Peniis\ i\ .iiii i, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia. Texas repealed all business taxation laws in 1907. The United States Government has at various times re- sorted to business taxation, particularly during times of finan- cial need such as tlie present. In 1862 there was a business tax laid affecting 480 occupations calling for payments from $5 to $500. (Redfield's "Handbook of the U. S. Tax Law of 1862," pp. 115-121). That measure was entirely for revenue purposes, although certain businesses, such as liquor and tobacco, were required to pay more than otliers. After the Civil War the taxes were removed from most businesses except those handling liquors and tobaccos. It happened dur- ing tlie time this system of taxation was in force that states, counties and municipalities were also levying business taxes and in some sections of the country business men were re- quired to pay four taxes before being permitted to buy and sell. (Ely's "Taxation in American States and Cities," p. 203.) Page fivc-sixteen December, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 517 THE QUESTION BOX The ''How to Do It'' Department COXDUCTED BY PHARMACEUTICAL EXPERTS For the benefit of ERA Subscribers Artificial vs. Synthetic Camphor (M. R.) — You are right in saying that a synthetic sub- Stance is an artificial one, but in this particular case the name "artificial camphor" is given to the one substance pinene hydrochloride, and to no other. You must also remember that most artificial substances are not by any means the same as the substances which they represent or replace. For in- stance, artificial roses are not real roses, artificial legs, arms, and eyes are not real parts of the body, and by the same argument, artificial camphor is not real camphor. But synthetic camphor is real camphor, of the same chemical for- mula and constitution as the product obtained from the camphor tree. The word synthetic means "placed together", or "built up", in contradistinction to "natural", or ready formed in the plant body, etc. In the case of camphor, you may be a little misled by the fact that both the "artificial" variety and the synthetic are made from turpentine as a raw material, but they are not the same chemically. Artificial camphor contains chlorine, while synthetic camphor does not. The melting points, boiling points, etc., of the two sub- stances are also entirely different. An example closely an- alogous is "artificial musk", a substance having an odor like musk, but made from coal tar derivatives. It is not related to the real musk perfume, except that it has the same odor. Sometime, chemists may find out the chemical nature of real musk, and may be able to build up the same substance in the laboratory, which will then be synthetic musk, and entirely different from artificial musk. Solidified Alcohol (1) (H. J. T.) — Alcohol is made in solid form by heating; a liter of it in a vessel of double capacity over a water-bath at a temperature of 60° C. Twenty-eight to thirty grams of ^'enetian soap, very dry and cut fine are added, as well as 2 grams of gum lac. After a complete solution has been obtained, and while it is still warm it is poured into metal- lic receptacles which are closed immediately and left to cool. The presence of the gum lac assures the preservation of the material and prevents too quick evaporation. The soap in- corporated in the alcohol is left as a residue after burning. (2) The Era Formulary gives the following formula: The process of solidifying alcohol depends on the formation of a soap in which the alcohol is enmeshed. Melt 4^ drams of stearin and add ^2 dram of sodium carbonate, then add 95 drams of alcohol, heating for an hour in a closed vessel. The alcohol may be colored. The solidified product may be cut into cubes or other shapes. Phosphorescent Paint (W. A. P.) — The basis of most of the so-called "phosphor- escent" paints or compounds is barium, calcium or strontium sulphide or thiosulphate. These are heated under certain conditions, the luminosity or phosphorescence of the barium and strontium thiosulphates being heightened, it is claimed, by the addition, before heating, of small quantities of nitrates of uranium, bismuth, or thorium. The product from stron- tium thiosulphate is more luminous than that of the barium compound. A formula for a compound emitting a bright yellow light is the following : Strontium carbonate 100 grams Sulphur 30 grams Sodium carbonate 2 grams Sodium chloride 0.5 gram Manganous sulphate 0.2 gram By heating the mixture for three-quarters of an hour at about 1300° C, a product is obtained which emits a bright yellow light. In the heating, strontium thiosulphate is formed. The mixture in powdered form is mixed with varnish and applied as any paint. There are many modifications of this formula, as all of the thiosulphates of the alkaline earth bases have the property of emitting light to greater or less degree. At the same time, to make any of these phosphorescent substances effective, they are exposed for a time to direct sunlight; or a mercury lamp may be used. Powerful incandescent gas light also does well, but requires more time. None of them will emit light continuously for a long period and all need "recharging" by frequent exposure to the direct sunlight or other source of light. The Era Formulary contains a number of formulas for phosphorescent paints of various tints. Manufacture of Ichthyol (T. L. I.) — We cannot give the figures showing the con- sumption of ichthyol in the United States. Ichthyol is made by the Ichthyol Co., Hamburg, Germany, under German Patent No. 35,216, the name being protected by trade-mark in this country (U. S. trade-mark No. 62,603). Merck & Co., this city, are the American agents. Some information on this product was given in a bulletin published by the U. S. Geological Survey about 1911 or 1912, an abstract of which was given in The Pharmaceuticai, Era of Oct., 1912. The Survey devoted considerable study to this product which it stated "was not made in the U. S., but is prepared by appropriate chemical treatment from a peculiar form of asphaltic material found in Austria, the raw ma- terial being derived from a fossiliferous deposit which is found near Seefeld, in the Tyrol. The material mined is carefully selected as to grade and subjected to dry distilla- tion. The distillate thus obtained is then sulphonated and subsequently neutralized with ammonia. "The ichthyol preparations, on account of their relatively constant composition, have been viewed by some authorities as definite chemical compounds, but the exact chemical com- position of ichthyol has probably not yet been determined. This is, of course, readily understood when it is considered that the final composition of the product depends so largely upon many different factors — the individual characteristics of the particular deposit at Seefeld, which is controlled by the Ichthyol Co.; the selection of the material mined according to the standards developed by the experience of the manu- facturers; the control of the temperatures in the distilling process; and the degree of sulphonation." According to the definition given in the last edition of the British Pharmaceutical Codex, ammonium ichthosulphonate consists of the ammonium salts of the sulphonic acids pre- pared from ichthyol — "the oily product of the destructive dis- 518 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [December, 1915 tillation of a greyish bituminous schist (oelstein or 'stink- stein') found in the Karwendel Mountains, which separate Bavaria from the Tyrol, the bulk of the crude oil, or ichthyol, being produced in the, vicinity of the village of Seefeld. The schist is composed largely of the remains of fishes and other marine animals, and yields from 1 to 10 per cent of oil, which contains about 10 per cent of sulphur; on treating the oil with sulphuric acid, ichthosulphonic acid is formed, and this, when neutralized with ammonia, yields impure ammonium ichthosulphonate, the substance which is known in commerce under various trade-marked names." Boroglyceride Suppositories (D. & D. P. Co.) — For boroglyceride suppositories alone, the following formula is recommended by Scoville ("Art of Compounding" ) : Boric acid 7.5 Gelatin 15.0 Glycerin 62.5 Water 15.0 Mix and make 11 suppositories. Dissolve the gelatin in the water by heat, add the glycerin and boric acid, and, when clear, pour into molds. Another formula given by the same author is: Glycerinated gelatin 20 parts Glycerite of boroglycerin 15 parts Glycerin 15 parts Make into 12 rectal suppositories. When it comes to combining ichthyol with either of these masses, difficulties are encountered, as the combination of ichthyol with a gelatin base tends to make the latter insoluble. For ichthyol suppositories, some authorities recommend cacao butter without wax as making the best basis. Tooth Paste (C. B. M.) — Here are two formulas taken from the Era Formulary : (1) Powdered soap 1 ounce Heavy magnesium carbonate 2 ounces Precipitated chalk 6 ounces Oil of neroli 20 drops Glycerin and orange flower water, a sufficiency. Incorporate the oil in the chalk, add the soap and magnesia and sift. Mix the glycerin and orange flower water in the proportion of 1 to 4 and make a paste. (2) Precipitated chalk 5 drams Powdered white castile soap 1 dram Sodium salicylate 30 grains Oil of rose geranium 4 drops Oil of wintergreen 3 drops Solution of carmine 2 drops Glycerin, 1 part. Water, 4 parts q. s. Triturate the powders, add the oils, continue trituration until well mixed, and pass through a fine sieve. Then make into a paste of the desired consistency with glycerin and water mixed in the above proportions; add the solution of carmine and rub all together until a smooth creamy paste results. This formula has been published under the title "antiseptic dental cream." Formulas for greaseless face cream were published in last month's Era, page 475. What is Mendell's Solution? (F. A. H.) — "Can you advise me what Mendell's solution is? It is used for painting on the inside of the throat." Can any reader supply tlie information wanted? Removing Stains from Marble (W. Pharm.) — Many formulas have been published for the removal of stains of various kinds from the marble or onyx parts of the soda fountain. Thus, stains in marble caused by oil can be removed by applying common clay saturated witli benzine. If the grease has remained long enough it will become acidulated, and may injure the polish, but the stain will be removed. Another application consists of chlor- inated lime, 1 ounce; chalk, powdered, 4 ounces, and powd- ered pumice stone, ^ ounce. Mix and make into a paste with diluted alcohol, spread the paste on the marble, leaving it on 2 or 3 hours. Then rub with a soft cloth and wash with hot water. The marble may then be polished by apply- ing the following mixture: Magnesia, Yi ounce; oxalic acid, 2 ounces; warm rain water, 1 pint. Mix, and polish with woolen cloths. To produce the best results considerable elbow grease is necessary. Imitation Cider Essence (P. E. Co.) — We are unable to satisfactorily answer this inquiry for under the food and drug laws of most of the States there can be no "cider" except that made from the expressed juice of apples or other fruits, the name "cider" without other qualification being restricted to apple juice. However, an "imitation" cider flavor, it is said, may be pro- duced by using the following "cider essence" : Rectified spirit 7 pints Water 2 pints Amyl valerianate 6 ounces Butyric ether 3 ounces Amyl butyrate 1 ounce Amyl acetate 1 ounce Acetic ether 1 ounce Mix and color faintly with caramel. A formula for another type of "imitation cider" we take from our scrap book: Filtered water 20 gallons Moist sugar 12 pounds Tartaric acid 5^ pound Rectified alcohol 3 pints Elder flowers 4 ounces Melilot flowers 4 ounces When the fermentation is finished, the mixture should be placed in a cool cellar and left to repose for ten days ; then fine with isinglass and bottle; the bottles should be kept lying down. Still another formula is this one: To 25 gallons of soft water add 2 pounds of tartaric acid, 25 or 30 pounds of sugar, and a pint of yeast; put in a warm place, and let ferment for 15 days, then add the flavoring matter to suit the taste (as the "cider essence" given above). Acetic Acid for External Use * (S. P. O.) — Acetic acid, U.S.P., when applied externally, has an irritant action, and is therefore used in liniments. Owing to its volatility and pungency, its vapor is frequently applied to the nostrils as an excitant in syncope, asphyxia, and headache. When used for this purpose, it is generally added to a small portion of potassium sulphate, so as to moisten the salt, and the mixture is put into small glass bottles with ground stoppers. Dilute acetic acid. U.S. P., is used to sponge the skin ir fevers, and as a lotion for the scalp. As a lotion, however, it should be diluted about one-half. Glacial acetic acid. U.S.P., is a rubefacient, vesicant, or caustic, according to the length of time it is in contact with the skin. Its use requires caution, owing to its tendency tP spread. It is chiefly employed as a mild caustic for destroy- ing warts, corns, etc.; care must be taken in applying it or it will cause vesication followed by a painful sore. Trichloracetic acid, U.S. P., which occurs as colorless, rhom- bic, deliquescent crv'stals with a slightly pungent odor, is an active caustic which has b<'on largely employed for the des- truction of papillomata, nacvi. venereal and other warts, and is said to be less painful for the purpose than nitric acid: the application of a small crystal produces an eschar with- out subsequent inflammation. It has a powerful disinfectant action, a weak solution of 1 per cent or loss having been recommended for washing wounds and ulcers. It is rarely taken internally. As an escharotic. it is applied pwe or in concentrated solution: as an astringent and hemostatic, it i« used in 1 to 3 per cent solution. For more specific informa- tion we must refer you to works on practical therapeutics. Selling Efficiency in Chain Drug Stores How the Owl Drug Co. With its One Hundred Stores Keeps its Clerks in Trim to do a $5,000,000 Business 0-d,'l Drug Catnpany's store in the Exposition grounds at San Francisco and one of its window displays. SOMETHING besides mere luck has contributed to the success of the chain drug stores. No matter how strongly the independent druggist may feel on the subject of chain store competition he is forced to admit that it is efficiency raised to the nth power which has made it possible for a chain of twenty-five stores, such as the Owl Drug Company maintains on the Pacific Coast, to do a business at retail aggregating $5,000,000 a year. And you are not to lose sight of the fact that the chain stores have several great, big obstacles to overcome, and also that none realizes it more than they do. One of the greatest drawbacks to the chain store system is that lack of personal touch, or personal relation- ship, which manifests itself both in the relations of the store with its customers and between the owners and managers of the system with its employes. "It rests with every employe of the store, the man- In part the former obstacle is overcome by overcoming the latter. That doesn't sound understandable on first reading, but the scheme is just this: Make your store more human by making your employes more human; make them study their customers; teach them not ordinary politeness, but ex- traordinary graciousness without obsequiousness. In short, emphasize Personal and Efficient Service. In the Owl Drug Company's sales manual are suggestions for their clerks. Take them to heart. Maybe they apply just as well to your store. They are: "Each member of our organization is valuable only in proportion to his ability to serve our cus- tomers. "Every store has just one important thing to sell In addition to its merchandise. "That one thing is senice. "The store that sells poor service is a poor store. "The store that sells good service is a good store. "The object of the Owl Drug Company is to sell the very best service in the world. Page fife-niticten ager, the floorman, the salesman, the stock clerk, the telephone girl, and the delivery boy whether the customer is disappointed or pleased. "The customer pays your salary. "Any member of our organization who lacks the intelligence to interpret the feeling of good will that the Owl Drug Company holds toward its customers should not expect to stay nere very long. "The employe who helps to perpetuate this plan is never out of a job." This sales manual, from which these sentences are quoted, is not a mere pamphlet, but a carefully prepared volume of one hundred printed pages, which every conscientious employe of the Owl Drug Company cherishes as a guide book. "How Employes Should Dress" One of the most interesting sections of the book is entitled, "How Employes Should Dress." Perhaps some violent ex- ponents of personal liberty will protest against the right of an employer to dictate such things as the details of personal 520 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [December, 1915 attire, yet the Owl Drug Company rightfully regards the sartorial appearance of its employes with a critical eye, be- lieving that its trade would prefer to be served by modest, neatly attired men and women. "We expect all our sales people to dress neatly," the man- ual says. "Sales ladies are requested to wear, whenever pos- sible, either plain white or plain black clothing, or a com- bination of the two. We wish to discourage the wearing of beauty patches, ear-rings and 'loud' jewelry '' Salesmen are are requested to change linen daily, and to wear belts in summer. Never Misrepresent Any Article! One of the rules in the book has to do with misrepresenta- tion. It reads: "Misrepresentation of merchandise is suicidal to any business. We must insist that you never misrepresent any article under any circumstances. Such action on your part will lead to a very severe reprimand." In rule thirteen it says: "We wish to emphasize the importance of making no promises which cannot be absolutely fulfilled. From the stand- point of the customer a promise which is made only to be broken is worse than no promise at all, and while customers sometimes press us for definite information, we must not allow that fact to lead us into agreeing to do something which will not be executed. It is far better to lose a sale than to secure it on any such basis." The manual dwells on some of the things which employes are expected NOT to do while on duty. Among other things clerks are instructed not to call across the store, but to go to the person with whom they wish to talk, and to talk in a quiet, restrained voice. The same with answering the telephone. Nicknames are also discouraged and clerks are instructed to avoid conversations in the presence of customers. In making refunds to customers employes are instructed as follows: "Should a refund be requested at any time the person making such a refund should not show by his man- ner that he is displeased, but should make the refund pleas- antly and gladly. He will thereby gain the good will of the customer." Such a detail as the manner in which change should be handed to a customer is not too small to be overlooked. "Take time to hand the change to a customer," says one rule. "Never lay it on the counter for him or her to pick up." Here's another pointer : "The poorly dressed customer is entitled to the same respect as the one wearing diamonds. Should she ask for an almanac, a cork or a sheet of writing paper, give these gladly, as these little attentions mean much in building our business." Appear Interested in Your Customer A few typical rules of the Owl stores are these : "Look your customers in the eye when waiting on them — do not look around the store or out the door. Be interested in what they are buying, if only a package of gum. Remem- ber your five-cent customer of to-day may be a five-dollar customer of to-morrow. "Have a smile and an agreeable word for waiting customers. If you let them know that their presence is noted it will do much toward helping them to be patient. "Do not laugh or correct a customer's pronunciation of an article. If 'camphire' is asked for, sell it without comment. Cultivate tact. A pleasant manner in dealing with customers usually brings this same treatment in return to you. Avoid contradicting a customer and never start a controversy. Never argue with ai»customer." "We insist that a salesperson's first salutation to a cus- tomer be 'Good Morning,' 'Good Afternoon,' or 'Good Even- ing,' as the case may be. If the customer has been found waiting, it is all right to say, 'Pardon me, have you been waited on?' It is decidedly out of form for a salesperson to use any of the following phrases: 'Something for you, sir?' 'What's yours?' 'What can I sell you?' 'Is there anything I can do for you?' or 'What can I show you?" Good Breeding is Emphasized Clerks are also discouraged from referring to customers as "that woman," "this fellow," even when speaking among themselves. Instead they are taught to use "lady" or "gentle- man." "Let all our customers take away with them the im- pression that all our employes are unusually well-bred," says the writer of the manual. He also puts the ban on "bar- gain," "busy," "dandy," "awful," "dreadful," "swell," "beauty," in conversation. This idea of showing good breeding is car- ried right down the line, even in the rules to the errand-boy, who is instructed to lift his cap, when the woman opens the door, and address her by name or "Madam." "Avoid the term 'just as good.' At all times do we wish to give our customers exactly what is asked for. If you sell a customer what he wants he is more likely to listen to your suggestions regarding a second item. You cannot antagonize a customer and expect him to feel kindly toward you or the organization." Other Bits of Shrewd Advice In keeping with such shrewd advice it is not surprising to find among other items in the manual such suggestion as these: "We want our salespeople to introduce the running-mate idea as much as possible. When selling a package of tooth- powder, always try and interest a customer in a tooth-brush; when selling shaving soap mention a lather-brush or talcum- powder, and so on down the list. "Sell the larger sizes. When a customer asks for any item, always show first the larger sizes. Don't ask if the larger size is wanted, for the answer will almost always be 'Give me the small size.' "When a customer asks to look at a hair-brush, never say 'What price?' but proceed to show a tray of S2.50 or S3.00 brushes. If it is more than the customer desires to pay, he will probably give you, unasked for, information wanted re- garding the price of the brush he is interested in. If this information is not forthcoming, show him the better grade. No customer is ever offended by being shown an article of better quality or higher price than he intended to purchase. But a customer who desires a high-priced article is sometimes offended when shown a cheap one. "The secret of selling merchandise is your willingness to show plenty of goods — the more you show, the better your chance of making the sale. "The salesperson who shows only one or two items and fails to make a sale, has no one to blame but himself. Our stock of merchandise is as complete as any in the city. When a sale is lost, it's either because you have not shown our com- plete line, or because you are not familiar with the talking points of the merchandise." Iowa Retail Druggist Finds Phonographs Profitable By C. J. MILLER Retail Druggist, Waterloo, Iowa. (Copyright, 1915, by NOT long ago I discontinued my wall paper department and used the space which had been devoted to wall papers for phonographs. During the first two weeks I sold $300 worth of machines and $70 worth of records. I have found phonographs a very good side line and very profit- able. I have made a very nice display room in the back of the store so that the phonograph department does not inconveni- ence the other lines of business. The business I have done so far in phonographs is more — much more — tlian I couid have done in wall paper, in the summer months, anyway. I think phonographs are a good side line for the druggist because they are easy to take care of and the music and the D. O. Haynes & Co.) sale of records bring many people into the store who would not have come otherwise and other departments of the busi- ness are thereby benefitted. My stock of phonographs and records now amounts to about $2,000. Of course I have been in the phonograph busi- ness a short time and cannot say much yet about its advan- tages and its drawbacks. Competition is keen in tliis line, but a "live one" can make more out of it than anything he could put in. I can say I am more than satisfied with the venture so far and I think any druggist will do well to write to some leading phonograph manufacturer and get the agency for his town. December, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 521 WOMEN IN PHARMACY Miss Viola L. Smith She received her Experimental Laboratory Work in Charge of Woman Graduate Valparaiso School of Pharmacy has to its credit many capable women pharmacists, and among them is Miss Viola L. Smith, B.S., Ph.G. Miss Smith has made a fact of that much-talked-of drug store side line, — experimental laboratory work. She is located at Hyannis, Mass., and A. G. Guyer acts as manager. Miss Smith h^s made long and careful prepara- tion for this undertaking, so that her success was to be ex- pected. She was bom in Ohio, passing her high school entrance examinations at twelve years of age, but it was never possible for her to attend high school. Further study, however, enabled her to gain a teacher's certifi- cate at the age of fifteen years, and she began her career as a teacher five months before she was sixteen. She occupied the next seven years in teaching school, meanwhile spending the vacations at Valparaiso Summer School. B.S. degree from this institution in 1906. In the meantime Miss Smith found that she was unusually fond of chemistry and the sciences, so she decided to take up the study of pharmacy at her alma mater. She was grad- uated in 1908 as Ph.G. Three weeks after graduation she took a position with a physician to do laboratory work, dis- pensing vaccine preparations, and to help in operations, etc. She remained with this doctor until the fall of 1911 when she went to Hyannis, Mass., to work in a drug store. She is still in the same place. After being in Massachusetts five months she received her assistant pharmacist's papers and last June was accorded full registration papers. About one year ago Miss Smith started a physician's laboratory in connection with the Guyer drug store. This has proved very successful so far. With her work in the drug store it keeps her very busy. She finds both sides of her work very interesting and thoroughly enjoys them, al- though she looks forward some day to doing laboratory work exclusively. The physicians are pleased to have such a con- venient place where they can get the work satisfactorily done. It has proved a very profitable "side line" for a drug- gist to add to his business and it seems to Miss Smith that one drug store at least in every town should operate such a laboratory. Of course there are many days when no laboratory work at all comes in and then there are others when Miss Smith has to put in two or three hours extra to finish her duties and keep up with her work as a drug salesman and pre- acription clerk. .\s yet no cultural work has been done in the laboratory, but it is expected that the subject of incubators will be investigated, when it will be determined whether this char- acter of work shall be added. The laboratory has paid all its own expensf-s since the initial one of starting, the original investment being $130. The following list gives prices charged: Sputum $1.00 Urinalysis 50 to 2.50 Blood Blood count $2.50 Differential white count 1.50 Microscopical examination 2.00 Faeces Blood tessts $1.00 Chemical and microscopical 3.00 Pus Microscopical examination $1.00 Fluids Pleuretic, chemical and microscopical $2.50 Spinal, chemical and microscopical 2.50 Stomach contents 2.50 Smears 1.00 Urinalysis is reported in the following manner : Name Date 19.. Physical Characteristics — Quantity ; Color ; Odor ; Transparency ; Specific Gravity ; Reaction Tests — Albumin ; Sugar ; Diacetic Acid ; Bile ; Urea ; Indican ; Acetone ; Diazo ; Total Solids Microscopic — Blood ; Casts ; Cylindroids ; Crystals ; Amorphous ; Pus (Kinds) ; Mucus ; Remarks. RUSSIAN' GIRL SUCCEEDS IN AMERICA It is a notable fact among educators that the children of Russians coming to this country make remarkably bright students. Mrs. Esther M. Kane (nee Markinson) is no ex- ception to this rule. She was born in Russia, December 22, 1887. Her parents came to America when she was five and the family settled in Newark, New Jersey, where they resided for fourteen years. Mr. Markinson took up tlie study of pharmacy at the age of forty. He was in business for himself in this city for five years. At the end of this time the Markinson family moved to Providence, Rhode Island, where the father again engaged in his chosen business. In 1907 the daughter, Esther, was married to Mr. Benjamin M. Kane, also a druggist of Providence. At times Mrs. Kane would be engaged in assisting in the work of the store and in this way became more and more interested in the subject of pharmacy. After about four years of married life Mr. Kane became ill and was obliged to seek health at Charon Springs, New York. This left the business in charge of his wife, assisted by a clerk. It was at this time she made up her mind that she would be prepared to handle the situation in any emergency that might arise. She therefore entered the Rhode Island Col- lege of Pharmacy in the fall of 1912, taking the three years course necessary for graduation. She received the degree of Ph.G., June, 1915. During her course of study, Alis. Kane was obliged to care for her home and two smill rhildrcn, Sidney and Irwin, now respectively aged six and foiir years, also to put in part time in the drug store each day. Mrs. Kane says that she feels very much satisfied to have taken up this work and to have followed it to a successful climax. She finds it very interesting and sincerely advises any young woman fitted for the work to take up this line of employment. She thinks it especially fitting for woman, that hand in hand with the doctor, she may labor to alleviate and minister to human suffering. Mrs. Esther M. Kane 522 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [December, 1915 YOUNGEST GIRL GRADUATE IN MINNESOTA Around the Circuit Miss Emilia Schatz is the youngest girl graduate of phar- macy in Minnesota, and if there are any to dispute her claims to the championship of youth and studiousness in the Middle West, we would be glad to hear from them. Miss Schatz received her early education at tlie local schools at Montgomery, Minn., graduating from Sherman High School at the age of seventeen. She worked for two years for J. Kaisersatt of Montgomery and then entered the College of Pharmacy of the University of Minnesota, completing her college course, receiving the de- gree of Bachelor of Pharmacy, and passing the State Board shortly after graduation as a full fledged pharmacist. Miss Schatz is to be con- gratulated upon the splendid record she has made and her sister pharmacists who read this will doubtless watch her future career in the pharmaceutical profession with interest. Miss Emilia Schatz A CUBAN GIRL GRADUATE Our Cuban sisters or rather "pharmasisters" are bound to take a leading place in their chosen profession. They make exceptionally fine and earnest students and are in every way the equal of our best. Miss Sylvia C. Alacan was born in Havana, Cuba, where she completed her primary and secondary studies, obtaining the diploma of "Bachiller en Letras y Ciencias", which is the equivalent to the high school diploma in this country. After she had completed her first year of high school work she began to assist her father in his drug store, gaining much practical experience in the next three years. As soon as she was graduated from high school, she entered the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, from which institution she has just been graduated with three hon- orable mentions, obtaining the degree of doctor in pharmacy. The subject of her thesis was "Histology and Microscopical Study of Coffee and Distribution of Caffeine," presenting a box containing one hundred slides of the different parts of the plant and the caffeine obtained by sublimation and re- action with gold chloride; obtaining crystals of caffeine from one milligram of ground coffee bean. She also presented several samples of coffee from different countries. After passing the Pennsylvania State Board examination for qualified assistant last June, not being able to take the examination for registered pharmacist because she did not have enough practice, she went to Cuba to take the examina- tions required to practice pharmacy in that country, which she passed at the University of Havana and obtained the diploma of doctor in pharmacy. Miss Sylvia is bound to make her mark and her many friends will watch her career with great interest. Miss Sylvia C. Alacan The Woman's Pharmaceutical Association of Chicago held a most enjoyable meeting Saturday, October 30 at the home of Mrs. Beavo, 4111 N. Springfield Ave., Chicago. The decorations, fruits and menu were a la Hallowe'en. There was a goodly attendance and the evening was filled with story- telling, "ghosts", and ghost dancing, recitations, and fancy dancing. The first fall meeting of the Boston Chapter, W. O. N. A. R. D., was held at the Hotel Brunswick, October 21. Owing to the absence of the president, Mrs. Truman Hayes, the meeting was in charge of the vice-president, Mrs. Green. Con- vention reports were read by Mrs. Waterhouse, Mrs. Hen- derson, Mrs. Green and Mrs. Cooper, After a short inter- mission the members were delightfully entertained by Mr. John Doherty with vocal and instrumental selections. A very interesting talk by Miss Ruth Evans on the "Life of Tol- stoi" was given. The afternoon entertainment was in charge of the Literature Committee, Mrs. Morrison, chairman. A very pleasant social hour was enjoyed by all, during which tea was served by Mrs. Achuson. The first meeting of the literature committee met with the chairman, Mrs. Morrison, on October 26. Three writers of historical novels, Jane Austin, Amelia Barr and Mary Johnstone, were studied. The papers were read by Mrs. Morrison and a very delightful luncheon was served. Louisville chapter No. 11 held its October meeting in the art room of the Public Library. Miss Nannie Lee Eraser, who is well known for her work among children, was present and read for the entertainment of the members. Mrs. E. H. Day was elected chairman of the legislative committee and Mrs. Oscar Paul of the philanthropy committee. It was de- termined that each member present should make a special effort to go after some absent member and bring her -to the next meeting. The Chapter gives an annual "500" and rook party. This was held in the spacious parlors of the Louis- ville hotel on the afternoon of October 18. The attendance numbered ISO although the day was exceedingly disagree- able. The party which had long been anticipated proved to be a great success. Numerous and handsome prizes were awarded. Louisville chapter has just distributed its Year- books which are both unique and handsome. They are to be congratulated upon the excellent work done through the past year. Miss Clara Hulskamp, the president, deserves great credit for the showing made. Dr. Walter E. Lee, son of Mrs. Nellie Florence Lee, has just returned to his home in Philadelphia after a period of hospital service with the American Unit in Paris. Although thin from the hard and strenuous nature of his work. Dr. Lee has had a professional experience which falls to the lot of few men. ]Mrs. Jacob Green, first vice-president of Boston chapter, W. O.. and Mrs. J. F. Waterhouse, ex-president of the chap- ter, attended the Massachusetts State Federation of Womens Clubs held at Beverly, November 5. A Hallowe'en luncheon was served to the Rock Island chapter W. O. N. A. R. D., by Mrs. E. Jericho of Moline, 111. The Harvest Home dance, given by the woman's or- ganization of the C. R. D. A. on Friday evening, November 5, at Westminster Hall, Chicago, has been voted a splendid success in every way. Nearly 300 persons partici\iated in the new and old dancing program. Good Fiction on Sale in Drug Stores Sidney H. Veaco, druggist at Belvidcre, 111,, advertised a lale in his book department and offered many of the stand- ard works of fiction at greatly reduced prices. "Java Rice Powder" Imitators Convicted A. Bourjois & Co,, Inc.. of Paris and New York, ha^•e recently succeeded in bringing to justice several firms in Francisco who were imitating the box and labels of their "Jave Rice Powder." Rfr. Grubb, assistant treasurer of firm, who was successful in exposing similar frauds in Brook- lyn, N. Y., a few months ago, went to San Francisco and di; covered that the imitation boxes were imported from Germany Mr. Grubb succeeded in obtaining evidence leading to th arrest and conviction of a retail druggist and two small jobbers ' December, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 523 Retailer Tells Why He Boosts or '^Knifes" a Brand We believe the following letter, which was sent to Printer's Ink by G. I. Schreiber, a retail druggist, at 449 Broad street, Newark. N. J., will be of interest to every retail druggist, jobber and manufacturer. Accordingly we are printing it in full, names and all, and if any of our readers take exception to any of Mr. Schreiber 's conclusions, or agree with him, we shall be glad to publish their contributions on the same subject. — EDITOR. IH.WE just finished reading the article, "What Is tlic Xa.\\ic of Your Trade Relations?" by S. C. Lambert, in your issue of October 28, and I just couldn't resist letting you know how it impressed me and the tram of thought it started. I read many things in Printers' Ink that jxist made me ache to write about, but not being given much to writing, I do not feel very competent in voicing my thoughts in this manner. Besides this the thought that the lone little voice of a small retail- druggist would not carry very far alongside of the well-known and influential men writing for your publication has also weighed against my writing you. The following may not be worthy of receiving tlie light of publicity, but I believe I will feel better after I have written it, so here goes. In the first place, Mr. Lambert must certainly be congratu- lated. To my mind he either has been in the retail or whole- sale business himself, or has had the opportunity of associ- ating with one or both and has made much of his oppor- tunity. I am wondering how many of your readers there are who, instead of making a study of this article to see whether it does not apply to them, will read it over once and think, "Mighty good stuff," and let it go at that. I know many a concern whose goods I am selling and who have con- tributed some of the extremely interesting articles appearing in your publication, who could and would get more of my business if they would show an intelligent appreciation of the problems that daily confront me. Mr. Lambert portrays very graphically the fate of numer- ous concerns who. acting on the belief that they were I-t, with a capital I, found to their sorrow, after the trade got through with them that they w^ere N-i-t. The capital I shrunk to a little one sandwiched in and crushed by the other two. A sad, sad ending, but only what they so justly de- served. In his article he touches on some concerns dealing with the drug stores. He doesn't mention any names, but every druggist knows what concerns he refers to. Personally, I do not believe in hiding names, but I can appreciate Mr. Lambert's reasons for not disclosing them. I believe, however, that any concern that makes a mistake should know of it. Writing directly to a firm seldom does any good, as it is simply turned over to a correspondent who, in a perfunctory manner, sends what he believes is a clever letter, full of soft soap and plausibility, but which aggravates instead of soothes the feelings of the man who gets it. I know, because I have had the delectable experience of getting a letter that has about as much to do with my complaint as I have with the weather. Classifies Concerns in Four Divisions The concerns I do business with just naturally fall into four classes: First. In this class are the concerns who merit our co- operation. Second. This class comprises those concerns to whom we are indifferent. Third. In this class are the concerns who merit our an- tagonism. Fourth. The concerns in this class are the enemies of the drug business. I will take the second class first, as we can get through with them very easily. From time to time we are solicited to buy new preparations which are simply designed to add another to a class already well filled. There is nothing new about them but the name, and it is a matter of indifference to me whether thev succeed or fail. We are entirely passive By G. I. SCHREIBEE in tlie matter and give neither our co-operation nor our antagonism. For example : I was very much interested in the article by the founder of the Sterling Gum Company, but simply from an advertising standpoint. From a merchandising stand- point, I have no interest in the gum whatsoever. It is merely another gum, offers us no bigger profit than any of the others, and if it sells better than Wrigley's or Beech-Nut, or Adams's is a matter that interests us very little, or if it sells not at all we should worry. Personally, I am impressed with the style of advertising of Sterling Gum, and, believe me, if they would come along with a proposition that would show that they are thinking of me, the dealer, they could have my services, my clerk's services, and my window, and it wouldn't cost them a great deal to get all this. By just simply giving the dealer a little more profit than the other manufacturers, they would jump from the second class to the first class, and we would both gain by it. . . . Merely to furnish a concrete example : I just got back to this letter after waiting on a lady, who, among other items, asked me for some gum. She didn't specify, and as it is a matter of indifference to me what gum she took, I mentioned all the different kinds, and she chose Wrigley's. Now, sup- pose I was interested enough in Sterling Gum to desire to sell this in preference to any other on the market. She cer- tainly would have gone out with Sterling Gum and no other. I am willing to wager a good sum that out of every ten boxes of gum sold in my store we could sell eight of an ad- vertised brand that we could make more profit on. Some day one of them will wake up, and then good-bye to the rest. I am really surprised that the head of the Sterling Gum con- cern has not already been on the job, because, being con- nected formerly with Eli Lilly & Co., he ought to know that it is their co-operation with the druggist that has caused their success. It may be that he thinks because this is a five-cent proposition that it doesn't pay. If so, he ought to step into my place some day and I can enlighten him very quickly on this point. I simply pick out this gum be- cause they are just now advertising so much that you can't get away from it. Advertisers Who Antagonize the Trade In the third class are those who by their advertising an- tagonize the trade so that every chance we get we go for them. It may be because they sell their goods to the chain and de- partment stores at a lower figure than they sell to us, so that they can seii at such a low price that it pays the druggist to buy these items from the chain stores and department stores instead of through the regular channels. It may be because they endeavor to give the public the impression that every druggist is a suhstitutor. and a crook, and that they are the only honest people that the Lord in His infinite wi.sdom cre- ated. It may be that they do not believe in giving us a living profit, which is so common amongst the manufacturers selling through drug channels that the motto adopted by our National Association is "Live and let live." One would think that conditions in a line must be extremely bad when a motto like this must be displayed on all our stationery and special attention drawn to it in the editorial columns of our official journal. Why they are so foolish is what I can never understand. It seems to be that they ought to look on the men who sell their goods as partners, and surely a partner is one with whom it pays to be on good terms. Perhaps they think, as Mr. Lambert says, "that they have the world by the tail." 524 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [December, 1915 But we are not helpless, and, personally, when anybody hits me, I hit him back, and this is human nature and you can- not get around it. Here is a recent incident as an example. A man comes in for a certain cold remedy, said remedy always in their advertisements shouting beware of the substituting druggist. The only way I can get back at them is to discourage the use of the remedy. I would be satis- fied to put this concern in the second class, but they won't let me. Being an advertised article, I am willing to hand it out without any showing of animosity, but unfortunately I am so constituted by nature that I just simply cannot give the other side of my face when one side has been slapped, so I proceed as follows: Mr. Man has asked me for the cold remedy, and while I am wrapping it up I say very nicely, with just the right amount of sympathy in my voice, "What's the trouble, caught a cold?" Now, this is, of course, a foolish question. I don't imagine for one minute that Mr. Man is buying the cold tablets to put in his gun to shoot rats with, though they might do this very thing, come to think of it. But it somehow doesn't strike Mr. Man as foolish. It shows him I am a man with a heart and interested in his troubles, and he immediately starts to tell me how he got the cold, how long he had it, how many children his father had, the disposition of each one, and Mr. Man goes out ivith a substitute. As long as Mr. Manufacturer gives me and my brother druggists the name we may as well have the game, and the profit. I seriously object to anyone calling me names and this is my method of showing my objections. I have read many articles on the subject inspired by the ones whom this method of selling goods hurts, but I do not feel that I am a substitutor. Mr. Advertiser might call me a substitutor if I gave this man something he didn't want, but I call it the same kind of salesmanship that induces a dealer to switch over to another line after he is sold on some other. When Mr. Man has a cold which Mr. Advertiser has no share in creating he was fish for the first fisher whose bait he swallowed. If Mr. Advertiser was never bom, this man would have had the cold just the same, and he would have looked around for something for his cold just the same. Mr. Advertiser sold this man his remedy, but he wasn't a good enough salesman to stand the right kind of competition. It is too bad that I must compete against this manufacturer, but he is the reason, not I. Those Who Cut Prices to Chains and Department Stores In the third class with the above are those who cut their prices to the chain and department stores. Those who are particularly flagrant in this respect we punish by not handling their goods at all. In this class are also those who for_ slight reasons, and sometimes for no reasons, raise the price of their goods so there is no margin left, and who show they do not favor our injunction, "Live and let live." Without doing anything in concert that could be legally called restraint of trade, the druggists have succeeded in placing a few of the big ones on the carpet. Some of the concerns that were selling their goods by the carload are never heard of any more, and the druggists are the ones who put them there. _ It is a pretty bad thing for a. concern when it does anything that causes druggists to talk against it, whenever and wherever thcv foregather. As an instance: A certain manufacturer of tooth paste saddled the so-called wnr tax on cosmetics on to the drug- gist in this manner. Brin.- a 2'-rfnt ^^tl^l.^ tli-^v nr. re- quired to place a stamp nwiln" I .h'IiiIk (-iil on < '(1i inrk- age. The m^t of thrni - v-,. ,,-1 M„,.-hi'f , -.-.n. and thcv r,iR on r : ■ 1 ■ 1 i.a'^sivp linivll.-r v.- Imn. ' n forced int.. . ' "'Her, with the rr.'^ult that ^alcs „f this t.i " bear a very, very small pro- portion t( I ! I ' ^ Why He Ceased Hnndling a Branded Candy- To show what a powerful force the dealer can evert T will give another instance: For 15 years I have been push- ing and featuring Apollo Chocolates. My store was the :>*rst store to handle this randy in the State of New Tr^rsev. mv purchases were the second largest in this ri'v jf ';::». in the State. The store that I know sold more of this •Mwiy than my store was induced to handle this line by the man I worked for in this very store, who went to work for this other party. The party that bought more Apollo Choco- lates than I did is Mr. Holzhauer, one of the best-knowi druggists in this State, and his store is on, what was stated in an article in the Saturday Evening Post, the second busiest corner in the United States. For a matter of 10 years Mr, Holzhauer had been pushing Apollo Chocolates, and througti these two stores as a nucleus the sale for this candy has spread all over this section of the State. One Friday evening I picked up the local paper and there I saw that the Riker-Hegeman Corporation would, on the following day, give "Free with all sales amounting to $l.Sf' a 40-cent box of Class A Apollo Chocolates." Now, I have nothing against the Riker-Hegeman Corporation selling Apollo Chocolates. They sell many things that I sell, and it's pari of the game, and the best one will win. But when a few of the regular customers said to me, "I guess I'll get my Apollo , Chocolates down at Riker's this week, they won't cost me j anything," I couldn't help but see where this kind of business was going to go against me. Here for 15 years I had been pushing this candy, and now the customers that I had made, the customers whom I had induced to try this candy in preference to others on the market, were going where they could get the candy for nothing. It developed afterward that Mr. Holzhauer, and many others of my brother drug- gists were thinking in the same groove, and we acted ac- cordingly. I quietly looked around for a good candy worthy of taking the place of Apollo, for I will say that Apollo Chocolates cannot be beat, I found their equal, however, after trying out numerous other makes. A peculiar coin- cidence is that although I haven't seen Mr, Holzhauer so we could talk the matter over, as we know each other well, I notice in passing his place in the car that he is pushing the identical brand of chocolates that I am, to take the place of the old. Here is a case where a concern of the first class degenerated, according to my classification, into the third class, and it will not be very long before they will be in the fourth class. If they would have taken care to see that the Riker company sold their goods so that their old customers' trade would not be broken up, then they certainly would have been the gainer. They would have been able to sell their candy through Riker and we would have sold just as m.uch. No^v they are selling Riker and not selling me and others. ^Many a salesman would count himself lucky to get my candy ac- count, and where my bills run in the hundreds, Mr. Holz- hauer's bills run into the thousands. In the fourth class, we place tho?e concerns whose gooes we will not sell under any circumstances, no matter what the demand. Our reason for this is usually because ti e goods are not such that a respectable druggist can sell then, and I wish that the newspapers who advertise them wou'd feel that they are lacking self-respect when they demean themselves by accepting advertisements for preparations that any intelligent advertising man can see are fakes pure ard simple, I asked one advertising man why he accepts such trash, and his answer was, "You can't expect us to fumi=li brains to our readers," I hope some day his viewpoint w:!' change. In the fourth class, I might add, would be concerns w^•^ whom we have done business and who. like the F. H. Roberts Companv. ".lin "-ike t'-^ ^- i~'-orolates. have fallen the waysicb-. P. r^ona'" ' parting with an r f friend tn v- r rnnncrt irs' standing, but th ■> are rated according to t! i ir rli-s, and I never let busine^ interfere with my feelings, unless there is a moral Issue 1 1- volved. Concerns that Earn Rating in First Class The first and best class we leave for last. It is easy f( see by the foregoing what concerns we place in the fi's class. Those concerns who have proved that they stand f.i a square deal, and are working for the dealer's inter s can have any part of the store or windows for display, tt services are theirs, and my clerks' time is at their disposil I look upon them as friends of mine and stand willing a anv time to demonstrate my friendship. Sad to say. there are not many concerns that I can com as my friends. There are only just about enough to co- e the fingers of one hand, Tliey are as follows: Fastnn) Kodak Company. American Druggists' Syndicate. FH T.illy I (Concluded on paee 544) )ECEMBER, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 525 FOREIGN ABSTRACTS lecent Studies on Glucosides — In two recent papers, Bourquelot, Bridal, and Aubrv' des- ribe their experiences with the effect of beta-glucosidase. in mulsin, on glycerol in the presence of glucose. Theoreti- ^Uy, there are five possible alpha-glucosides from glycerol, Ive beta-glucosides, and seven mixed glucosides. Previous Irorkers who have prepared glucosides of glycerol, have not Ittempted to prove whether their products contained more han one form, or not. Many reactions are possible in any liven mixture, and moreover, since emulsin contains gentio- jiase in addition to beta-glucosidase, it is almost certain that jome gentiobiose will be formed. A solution containing 800 i. of glycerol, 150 g. of glucose, and 264 cc. of water, was ted with 5 g. of emulsin, and allowed to stand at ordinary perature for about ten months, during which time there '.•as a loss in rotation of more than 16 degrees. The ferment '•as killed by heat, the excess of glucose removed by fermen- ition. and the excess of glycerol shaken out with acetone con- fining alcohol. The residue, after further purification, would lot crystallize. A study of the rate of hydrolysis of the sub- fcnce showed that it contained a mixture of two monoglu- tides. By the action of alpha-glucosidase, contained in 'ried bottom yeast, on a similar solution, there was a gain in otation of 11 degrees in ten months, and the product con- lined likewise two monoglucosides. It was found that as mall an amount of acetic acid at .04 per cent was sufficient } destroy alpha-glucosidase, and prevent both its synthetic nd hydrolytic effects. An even smaller proportion of caustic bda, 0.005 per cent, had the same effect. (J. Pharm. Chim, 915. pp. 15. 33, 157, 182.) Vater Error in Injections — The belief that a number of the objectionable secondary ffects of injections of salvarsan and other remedies are due 3 the endotoxins of bacteria contained in the distilled water sed. has led to the use of many complicated forms of ap- aratus for preparing freshly distilled water in the laboratory, latzenauer and Hesse have reported some experiments which ist serious doubt on whether the "water error" is as consider- ble as has been supposed. Distilled water was allowed to rand unprotected, until the bacteria present had reached normous numbers. It was then sterilized and used for sal- (irsan injections. The bacterial count reached 1,700,000 per jbic centimeter. Fever reactions were noticed in a few cases, ut not oftener than usual, and not more frequently after the 'se of water high in bacteria than after using water com- aratively free from micro-organisms. At the same time, the uthors do not deem it advisable to neglect any precautions I preparing water for such uses. (Matzenauer and Hesse, poth. Ztg., 1915, p. 375.) I reparation of Standard Acid — Winkler recommends the use of pure potassium bicarbonate 'i a standard in preparing normal acid solutions. This sub- . ance. suggested by Than, is purified by rubbing the purest Jtainable product to a fine powder in an agate mortar, and lacing it in thin layers in a desiccator containing calcium iloride, and filled with carbon dioxide. The adherent mois- 'ire usually vanishes after one day. As an extra precaution, le salt, which usually cakes together, may again be powdered id exposed to carbon dioxide for two or three days more. Tien protected from the air, the dry salt will keep in- ■ jfinitely. Normal hydrochloric acid is titrated against a 5 g. ortion of the salt, using methyl orange as indicator, and filing the solution to drive off the carbon dioxide, .^fter loling, the titration is finished by reaching the usual red- ish yellow tint. In preparing decinormal acid, it is con- aiient to weigh off exactly one-tenth of the equivalent of otassium bicarbonate, and titrate with acid of about 8 per mt. The number of cc. used denotes the volume which must 5 diluted to one liter to make exactly decinormal acid. Wink- I r finds that results are more accurate if, instead of using leoretical equivalent, the value 100.19 is used, or, in ^lae the correction for brass weights and vacuum weighing is be omitted, as is usually the case, 100.15. (Winkler, Z. ingew. Chem., 1915, p. 264.) i Ammoniated Mercury Ointment- — Sjostrom criticises the formulas for the preparation of this ointment as not coming up to the present-day standards for ointments in general. He recommends the use of moist white precipitate, an.ilognus to the use of moist oxide of mercury in makin;.^ oiiUir.cnl iif yellow, oxide. One hundred parts of mer- curic chloride are dissolved in 1700 parts of water, with tlie aid of heat, and the solution cooled and filtered. Next, 160 parts of ammonia water, diluted with 300 parts of water, are added with continual stirring. After 12 hours the liquid is siphoned off, and the precipitate collected on linen, where it is washed with 900 parts of water, and pressed dry between filter paper. The moist precipitate, which should weigh about 180 parts, is rubbed smooth in a tared mortar with 90 parts of wool fat. and then 300 parts of vaselin are added. The percentage of white precipitate is determined in 1 or 2 g. of the ointment at this point, and the whole is then diluted with vaselin until a 10 per cent preparation is obtained. The yield is about 900 parts of ointment from 100 parts of mercuric chloride. To determine the percentage of precipitate, weigh off about 2 g. of the ointment and heat with 40 cc. of alcohol in an Erlenmeyer fiask provided with a stopper. Add 25 cc. of decinormal hydrochloric acid, and shake until the am- moniated mercury is dissolved. After cooling, add methyl orange and titrate the excess of acid with alkali. One cc. of decinormal acid corresponds to 0.0126 g. of white precipitate. The color change is not especially sharp, but sufficiently so for good results. (Sjostrom, Farm. Revy., 1915, p. 507.) Volumetric Determination of Phosphoric Acid — A solution of primary calcium phosphate reacts toward methyl orange like the primary alkali phosphates, but unlike the latter cannot be titrated with alkali and phenolphthalein to secondary salts. But if the calcium compound is first con- verted into an alkali salt, the phosphoric acid can be titrated in the usual way. Kolthoff uses sodium oxalate for this purpose. A weighed amount of calcium phosphate is brought into solution in a slight excess of hydrochloric acid, and boiled. The solution is poured into a volumetric flask, diluted a little, and neutralized with alkali and methyl orange. After filling to the mark, an aliquot part is precipitated with an excess of sodium oxalate, previously neutralized against phenol- phthalein, and the supernatant liquid is then titrated with decinormal alkali and the same indicator. Carbonates in the calcium phosphate do not interfere. Barium phosphates may be titrated in the same way, using neutral sodium sulphate instead of oxalate. For determining phosphates in urine, boil 10 cc. with an excess of ammonium acetate and calcium acetate, and bring the liquid and precipitate quantitatively into the tube of a centrifuge. After rotating, pour off the liquid, and wash the precipitate until the alkaline reaction disappears. Dissolve the residue in acid, and proceed as above. (Kolthoff, Pharm. Weekblad, 1915, p. 1053.) Acidity of Iron Chloride Solutions — Kolthoff has improved the Romijn method of testing for free acid in iron chloride solutions as follows: Two cc. of the iron solution are diluted with a few cc. o.' water. A trace of copper chloride is then added, and sufficient normal sodium thiosulphate solution, so that no violet coloration is seen. .•\fter the addition of methyl orange, the acidity can be titrated with alkali, taking the appearance of a greenish-yellow tint as the end point. When tested in this manner, sublimed ferric chloride gives a natural solution. Commercial iron chloride solutions invariably react acid; it is therefore advis- able for pharmacopoeias to fix a limit of acidity. The same test will indicate the presence of oxychloride. If the lat- ter is present, the solution after treatment with thiosulphate will have a yellow color, and will become turbid after a few minutes. It appears that the ferric hydroxide in the oxy- chloride is not reduced by the thiosulphate. The reaction is tolerably sensitive, as the yellow color appears on the addition of only 0.5 cc. of decinormal alkali to a neutral /-w oiloride solution. (Kolthoff, Pharm. Weekblad, 1915, p. il-i/, ) Reciprocal Registration is Gaining By Refusing to Become Members of National Association, States Building a Futile Wall Against Native Sons Industry By H. C. CHRISTENSEN Secretary of the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy IN view of the general interest being exhibited in Reciprocal Registration as now being carried on through the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy between "active" mem- ber states of that association, I believe your readers might be interested in knowing something about to what extent "reciprocal registration" is being used. I therefore submit below a tabulation of the registrations made by reciprocity in the 36 "active" member states for the eleven months from September 1, 1915, showing number registered in each state and states from which they came: ALABAMA, 7. From: Ga., 4; Ky., 1; La., 1; Tenn., 1. ARKANSAS, 6. From: Fla., 1; Ga., 1; Mo., 1; Okla., 1; Tenn., 2. ARIZONA, 13. From: Ark., 1; IlL, 1; Iowa, 1; Ky., 1; Mich., 1; Mo., 1; N. M., 1; Okla., 4; Texas, 1; W. Va., 1. CONNECTICUT, 7. From: Mass., 6; Vt., 1. DELAWARE, 0. DLST. OF COLUMBIA, 1. From Virginia. FLORIDA, 12. From: Conn., 1; Ga., 4; Ind., 1; Iowa, 1; Kan., 1; Ky., 1; Okla., 1; Va., 1; Wis., 1. GEORGIA, 0. IDAHO, 8. From: Iowa, 1; Kan., 1; N. D., 2; Neb., 1; Okla., 1; S. D., 1; Utah, 1. ILLINOIS, 54. From: Ala., 1; Fla., 1; Ga., 2; Ind., 11; Iowa, 6; Kan., 1; Ky., 1; Mich., 3; Mo., 9; Neb., 1; N. Y., 1; Pa., 1; Okla., 1; Tenn., 2; Texas, 3; Utah, 1; Va., 1: W. Va., 2: Wis., 6. INDIANA, 3. From: Ky., 1; Okla., 1; Texas, 1. IOWA, 8. From: 111., 1; Mich., 1; Neb., 5; Okla., 1. KANSAS, 10. From: Ky., 1; Mo., 4; Okla., 5. KENTUCKY, 5. From: Ga., 1; Tenn., 1. Ind., 2; Texas, 1. LOUISIANA, 9. From: Ariz., 1; Ark., 2; Ga., 2; Ky., 1; N. M., 1; Okla., 1; Texas, 1. MAINE, 1. From Massacuhsetts. MARYLAND, 7. From: Dela., 3; D. C, 2; Ky., 1; W. Va., 1; MASSACHUSETTS, 15. From: Conn., 1; Me., 7; N. H., 7; Vt., 1: Va., 1. MICHIGAN, 9. From: Dela., 1; 111., 2; Ind., 3; Mass., 1; S. D., 1; Wis., 1. MINNESOTA, 4. From: 111., 1; Neb., 1; N. D., 1; Wis., 1. MISSOURI, 25. From: Ark., 2; Iowa, 6; 111., 3; Ind., 2; Kan., 2; Neb., 2; Oklahoma, 6; Tenn., 1; Va., 1. MONTANA, 15. From: Ida., 1; 111., 1; Iowa, 3; Minn., 2; Mass., 1; Neb., 1; N. D., 5; Wis., 1. NEBRASKA, 8. From: HI., 3; Iowa, 3: Ky., 1: Okla.. 1. NEW HAMPSHIRE, 2. From: Conn., 1; Vt., 1. NEW MEXICO, 2. From Oklahoma. NORTH DAKOTA, 4. From: Mont., 1; Minn., 1; Neb., 1; S. D., 1; OKLAHOMA, 13. From: Ark., 4; Ga., 1; Iowa, 2: N. M., 1: Texas, 1; Tenn., 1; Va., 1. OREGON, 2. From: Okla. SOUTH DAKOTA, 6. From: Iowa, 3; Neb., 3. TENNESSEE, 17. From: Ala., 2; Conn., 1; Ind., 1; Iowa, 1; La. 1; Md., 1. TEXAS, 28. From: Ala., 5; Ark., 3; D.' C, 1; Ga., 2; 111, 2; Iowa, 1; Ky., 1; Md., 2; N. M., 2; Ohio, 1: Okla., 4: N. Dak., 1; Tenn., 1; Va., 1; W. Va., 1. UTAH, 1. From Wash. VERMONT, 2. From: Mass., 1 VIRGINIA, 16. From: Ala., 1 1; Ky.. 1; Md., 3; Tenn., WEST VIRGINIA, 5. From: Ga Va., 1. WISCONSIN, 10. From: Ark., 1; D., 1; Utah, 1. It will be noted from tin- abnvc lalmlati tions by reciprocity have been fairly well disi no tendency toward congestion to any certain - was feared by some would result from this m. i tration. It will readily be seen that states fean influx of ]i!i:n Diarists frnni reciprocal registrati( lessly excrci^i -gen. December, 1915] THE PHARMxVCEUTICAL ERA 529 nitrogen, chlorine, lithium, barium, calcium, strontium, potas- sium, caesium, iron, zinc, nickel, copper, silver, magnesium and uranium. Prof. Richards is well known to American chemists, being director of the Gibbs memorial laboratory at Harvard and a scientist of international reputation. He is a member of the International Committee of Atomic Weights under whose direction is prepared the table of atomic weights given in the Pharmacopoeia, and which is used by scientists generally throughout the civilized world. In 1910 he was awarded the Davy medal by the Royal Society of England, and in 1912 the Willard Gibbs medal of the American Chemical Society. Prof. Richards was born in Germantown. Pa., January 31, 1868, received the bachelor of science degree from Hav- erford in 1885 and the bachelor of arts from Harvard the following year. He got his Ph.D. two years later. He studied abroad several years, was appointed assistant professor of chemistr>' at Harvard in 1894 and full professor in 1901. In 1907 he served as Harvard exchange professor at Berlin. He is a member of many scientific societies both here and abroad and has received honorary degrees from Yale, Haverford, Clark, Cambridge (England) and Christiania. LOUIS K. LIGGETT GETS HIGH HONOR Louis K. Liggett, president and general manager of the United Drug Company, on November 22, was elected presi- dent of the Boston Chamber of Commerce, the largest com- mercial organization in America. The honor came wholly un- sought on the part of Mr. Liggett. The Boston Chamber of Commerce deals not only with the commercial and busi- ness interests of Boston, but with the whole of New England. At the last annual meeting the by-laws of the chamber were changed so that after 1916 the annual election will be held in May instead of November, so that Mr. Liggett's term for the present extends to May, 1916. George T. Getman Now a Proprietor .Acting as manager of the pharmacy at Lyons, N. Y., since the death of his father, the late George W. Getman, who died in 1894, George T. Getman recently became proprietor of the oldest drug store in that thriving town, if not in Wayne country. The store was founded by the senior Getman in 1869 and early took a leading place in the business of that section of the country. Among his other activities the father was a prominent buyer of wormwood, spearmint and pepper- mint oils, the new proprietor showing with considerable pride records of the store which set forth that during one week in r>-cember, 1873, his father purchased $25,000 worth of oils. Getman, the new owTier, has the best wishes of his neigh- :> and townspeople who have been for years familiar with slogan "Get it at Getman's." J. R. D. Stevenson Motors 1,500 Miles James R. D. Stevenson, vice-president of Robert Stevenson & Co., 22 East Lake street, Chicago, has just returned to his desk after a visit in the East. Mr. Stevenson made a motor trip through a number of states along the Atlantic coast, starting at Poland Springs, Maine, and winding up in New York City. He says that he feels ashamed of Illinois after his experience, on account of the poor condition of our = "^tf> roads in this neck of the woods. Mr. Stevenson says he ■ cled more than 1.500 miles in making his journey along the ^te highways of the Atlantic coast, and that he found them :ike park boulevards. PERSONAL NOTES — J. Leyden White, Washington correspondent of the X. .\. R. D.. for some years, has tendered his resignation to that organization to take effect January 1, and his resig- nation has been accepted. It is understood that there has been more or less friction between Mr. White and some of the N. A. R. D. officials and this led him to take this ac- tion, although he desires to have it understood that he has had no difficulties with the membership at large. While he is making other arrangements and is completing negotiations which will take him into other work, he states that he will be just as much interested in the association and its work and welfare, after the end of his direct connection with it, as he was during the fourteen years before he received a dollar in payment from it. Under the pen name of "Joel Blanc" Mr. White has contributed voluminously to pharma- ceutical journals during the last decade. — C. D. Jordan, of Monticello,' Ga., on the occasion of his retirement from the Georgia Board of Pharmacy, after fif- teen years of service, was given a banquet and presented with two handsome gifts by the outgoing and incoming mem- bers of the board at the meeting held recently in Atlanta. The gift of the members of tlie old board consisted of twelve silver goblets, which were presented by Max Morris of Macon. The members of the new board gave a silver tea service through their spokesman, W. S. Elkin, Jr., of Atlanta. Be- sides the members of the board there were in attendance at the banquet Ben Person, Macon; Walter Meaders, Colum- bus, and W. D. Jones, Savannah. Mr. Jordan has de- voted many years of service to the advancement of pharmacy in Georgia, a record that has won for him the recognition and appreciation of his fellow workers. — Dr. Ch.^rles H. Herty, president of the American Chemical Society, was the guest of the Syracuse section of that organization at a gathering held in that city re- cently. He also delivered an address on "America First in Chemical Industry". Prof. Herty holds the chair of chem- istry in the University of North Carolina, and is perhaps best known for his invention of the Herty cup for use in the turpentine industry of the South. He was born at Mil- ledgeville, Ga., in 1867, and was educated at Johns-Hopkins University, later studying at Zurich and Berlin. — Dr. William Jay Schieffelin, president of Schieffelin & Co., wholesale druggists, New York, attended the funeral of the late Booker T. Washington, at Tuskegee, Ala., on November 17. Dr. Schieffelin is a member of the board of trustees of the Tuskegee Institute which met in New York on November 23 and informally discussed plans for the future of the institution and the installation of a new principal. Plans are already being discussed for a nation- wide memorial to Washington and the raising of an addi- tional endowment fund for Tuskegee. — Miss Mary Chang, daughter of a Shanghai physician, has arrived in San Francisco on her way to New York, where she will enter the Brooklyn College of Pharmacy for the regular two-year course. At the end of that time she expects to return to China. She is the first Chinese girl to come to this country to take a course in pharmacy. Her father, Dr. J. D. Chang, is a leading physician of the Chinese city and head of the largest dispensary in North China. Miss Chang is a graduate of the Mclntyre School in Shanghai and speaks English fluently. — Edward Williams, secretary of the Wisconsin state board of pharmacy, and druggist of Madison, is erecting a $10,000 double store and apartment building. When the structure is completed, Mr. Williams will move his pharmacy from its present location into the new building. Mr. Williams has been the owner of the Williams pharmacy in Madison for the past twenty years. — Sylvester Kosczewski, sales manager of the A. Spiegel Co., Grand avenue and West Water street, Milwaukee, has been confirmed as a fire and police commissioner of that city. Mr. Kosczewski was a member of the Sane Fourth commission two years ago. He was born in Milwaukee in 1880 and has been connected with the A. Spiegel Co. for the past sixteen years. — William Shafer, a druggist, of Frankfort, Ind., was in- jured seriously when an automobile in which he was riding with several friends crashed into a bridge railing while the party was en route to Indianapolis. Mr. Shaffer was hurt about the head and suffered a fractured leg and internal injuries. — Arthur D. Buzzell, formerly a druggist in the employ of the late .\. H. Kneeland at Galesville, Wis., is becoming an author of note, and has contributed articles to various magazines. The November American Magazine has a clever sketch from his pen entitled "The Peace Advocate." — Fred Moody, for ten years part owner with James A. Henderson, of the Tyron Drug Co., Charlotte, N. C, has sold out his interest in the business to Mr. Henderson and Boyce Hunter and w-ill in the future be associated with his brothers in the Farmers Supply Co. 530 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [December, 1915 — A. J. Ryan", manager of the Central store, Sholtz Drug Co., Detroit, Michigan, recently made an extended trip through the East. During his travels he visited Baltimore, Phila- delphia, Pittsburgh, New York, Boston, and other cities, where he studied the newest drug store methods. — E. W. Van Norman, of Monticello, Wis., has sold his pharmacy to R. W. Woelffer of Lake Mills, Wis. Mr. Van Norman had been engaged in the drug business at Monticello for the past sixteen years. He will now take a much needed rest before completing his plans for the future. — Theodore W. Wetterstroem, for many years secretary of the Ohio Pharmaceutical Association, and proprietor of the well-known pharmacy at 3935 Spring Grove avenue, Cin- cinnati, has sold out to William Wintering, formerly phar- macist at the City Workhouse. — Edwin J. Morse, for twenty-nine years chief pharmacist in the United States Navy, has returned to Charlestown, Mass., to resume charge of the Putnam Drug store. Mr. Morse owned a drug store in Charlestown more than thirty years ago. — Kenneth Stine, a pharmacist, with Meyer Brothers, in Fort Wayne, Ind., was married to Miss Ethel Baxter of Bluffton. — Otto Muehlhaus, of Hynson, Westcott & Co., Balti- more, was married on September 20. RECEN-T MARRIAGES IN THE DRUG TRADE James M. Mowrer, president of the McCoy & Howe Co., manufacturing chemists, Indianapolis, was married a few days ago to Mrs. Amy E. Buell, who for fifteen years had been his private secretary. The wedding took place at the Mowrer home at 1436 Central avenue, Indianapolis. The ceremony was performed by the Rev. J. M. Stewart, of W)abash, Ind., a brother-in-law of the bride. Only members of the families attended the wedding. J. Graham French, son of Harry B. French, president of the Smith, Kline & French Co., of Philadelphia, was mar- ried on Wednesday evening, October 27, to Miss Lenore du Prunay Roussel, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. Albert E. Rous- sel. The ceremony was solemnized in the Holy Trinity Mem- orial Chapel at 22nd and Spruce streets, Philadelphia, and was followed by a reception at the home of the bride's parents, 2108 Pine street. Henry C. Schranck, president of the H. C. Schranck Co., of Milwaukee, manufacturer of extracts and soda water sup- plies, was married recently to Mrs. Elizabeth M. Loepfe, who for several years has been proprietor of the City Hall phar- macy, Milwaukee. Aside from his business connections, Mr. Schranck is well known in musical and club circles of Mil- waukee. Harry E. Henneberg, proprietor of the drug store at Elm and Orange streets, Westfield, Mass., and Mrs. Marion R. Bradford, a trained nurse, were married at Brattleboro, Vt., on November 5. Mr. Henneberg has been identified with various drug stores and at one time was in business at Springfield, Mass. Fay Griffin, a graduate of the College of Pharmacy, Univer- sity of Iowa, '11, to Miss Vera Cooper. Their home will be in Fullerton, Neb., where Mr. Griffin is in the drug business. Miss Mary F. Lindeman, daughter of W. F. Lindeman, druggist, of Little Rock, Ark., was recently married to Allen M. Adams. The ceremony took place at Pine Bluff. P. A. Gruett, proprietor of the Sixth Ward pharmacy, at Merrill, Wis., was married on October 15 to Miss Helen Al- brrrht, daughter of F. A. Albrecht of Merrill. Jniii(' i-.n-nsbnrn, N. C, dird in New York City ' ■ H-- r:,mr fi Mn, , , 1 i^l iiiu.l ished North I 1 ,m(lf:illi( r and -I'M m ndfathcr being aiiii'iiL; iiii si pi i)iiiin(_-iit citizens of Giccn.shoro. He was never married. . — QuiNCY W. Frost, who retired a year ago after twenty- five years of activity in the drug business at Washburn, Wis., is dead from apoplexy. On the day of the funeral every business house in the city was closed. Mr. Frost was 57 years old. A widow and three children survive. — Willis N. Bailey, 40, a druggist, of Rochester, N. Y., was found dead in his pharmacy on October 30, death being due to heart disease. He had lived in Rochester about ten years and opened his store in Genesee street seven years ago. His widow survives. — Sarah J. Astley, 62 years old, Indianapolis, Ind., died after a brief ilbiess from acute indigestion. She was the mother of Myron V. Astley of the Stewart-Kiefer Drug Co., of Indianapolis and of Otis M. Astley of the Indiana National Bank. —Daniel H. Mansz, 38, druggist, Louisville, Ky., is dead, following a year's illness of complications. He w^as a grad- uate of the Louisville College of Pharmacy, and for a num- ber of years had been employed in drug stores in that city. — William Donaghy, for years proprietor of a drug store in Kent, O., is dead from cancer of the liver, at the age of 54 years. He was bom in Colbume, Ontario, but had spent most of his life in Kent. His wife and two sons survive. — William H. Ballou, 66, formerly a member of the firm of Chambers-Calder & Co., dealers in dyestuffs and drugs, Pawtucket, R. I., is dead. He had served for several years as a trustee of the Rhode Island Institute for the Deaf. — A. F. RiDEOUT, 66, for nearly thirty years proprietor of a drug store at Hortonville, Wis., is dead from heart trouble. He was one of the best known citizens in Outgamie county. A widow, two sons and four daughters survive. — Edward H. Callahan, for twenty years a leading drug- gist of Wobum, Mass., is dead. He was born in 1874, at- tended the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, and then be- gan business as a druggist in his home city. MEYER BROS. DRUG COMPANY TO RESUME St. Louis Wholesale House Completes Plan to Satisfy Creditors In a letter sent out to dealers and others interested, the Meyer Brothers Drug Company of ■ St. Louis, Mo., says that Judge David P. Dyer of the United States District Court has confirmed the composition with its creditors and that the company will soon resume the conduct of its business, which has been in the hands of the receiver. Under the terms of the composition, the first payment on the indebtedness will not have to be made until November 12, 1916, which will enable the company to discount all bills for new purchases in the same manner as they have been discounted by the receiver. The company says that it will have on hand upon the dis- charge of the receiver approximately $100,000 in cash, ac- countsi rrrcivable for soods sold by the receiver, which amounted on November 1 to $350,000, and merchandise on hand esti- mated by the receiver at more than $400,000 in addition to all other assets of the company as set out in the account- ants' report. Prof. Metclinikoff Granted an Injunction An injunction, recently i.^sucd by Justice Greenbaum, in the Supreme Court, at the roqiirst of Professor Eli Metchni- koff, director of the Pasti iir l'i>stit\iti\ r!ri.«, prevents the Berlin Laboratory, Ltd., of Xcw ^^lik, »:. ■.■, using tlie name of the scientist in conncrtion '.\ ith t!'e advertisement and sale of its product known as "intesti-ferniin," This product was p»ut on the market in 1913 and in 1914 Professor Metchni- koff demanded that the firm cease using his name in con- nection with the advertisements, and magazines and other publications were warned that if they used the name they would be held responsible. In the trial it was brought out that the products used in the manufacture of intesfi-fermin tablets were discovered by Professor Metchnikoff and that there was no attempt on the part of the plaintiff to disprove the fact, nor to prove any lack of purity in the ingredients used by the laboratory. The case was decided by the court on the statute which prohibits the use of the name in advertising matter of any living man without his written consent. Deci:mbek, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 53a NEWS OF THE ASSOCIATIONS Proprietors Planning to Fight New York Law Harry B. Thompson, Counsel for Association, Says He is Now Preparing Case to Be Fought Out in Courts — States Objections to Ordinance. Despite the fact that a number of New York wholesale drug firms have agreed to abide by the regulations requiring the registration of patent and proprietary medicines with the Department of Health, recently adopted by the New York City Board of Health, the Proprietary Association of America is continuing to formulate plans for com- batting that measure. The association maintains that the Health Board is not em- powered to enact any such ordinance as this, or to enforce the regulations made tmder it. It is claimed that neither is in any way related to the public health or the welfare of the people of New York. This, it is said, is borne out in four particulars. First, although the ordinance was enacted on De- cember 31, of last year, it has been suspended until December 31 of the present year. This would show that the action taken by the board is not a very urgent one, for if there were danger from the use of proprietary medicines, so great a time would not be allowed to elapse between the date of the enactment of the ordinance and of the time of putting it into effect. The second particular points out that it is strange that those remedies which are advertised and sold under name, descrip- tion, or definition found in the Pharmacopoeia or the National Formulary are not regarded as dangerous, and may be sold, so far as the health ordinances of New York City are con- cerned, without any of the restrictions appearing either in the ordinance or the regulations, when it is stated that there are a large number of these which call for narcotic drugs in suf- ficient quantities to place them within the provisions of the Harrison law. Stranger still is the fact that the New York ordinance was enacted two months prior to the time the pro- visions of the Harrison law became effective. The Goldwater ordinance would pass that on which the Harrison law places a ban. Third, there is questioned the propriety of permitting the unrestricted sale of preparations where the names of the in- gredients are set forth in English upon the wrapper, while the fourth particular takes up that part of the ordinance which exempts medicines or medicinal compounds sold or given away upon the written prescription of a duly licensed physician, providing it shall be for the use of the person for whom it is prescribed, and the prescription itself placed on file. Counsel for Proprietors Talks "The fact that eleven large wholesale drug firms and dealers in proprietary medicines of New York have written to Dr. Goldwater signifying their intention of complying with section 117 of the Sanitary Code of the Board of Health of New York • City, as stated in November issue of The Era, will have no effect upon the views taken by the Proprietary Association of America, which disputes the right of the Health Board to ' place in effect and maintain the ordinance and regulations thereunder which are in question," according to Harry B. Thompson, counsel for the association. "On behalf of our organization, I am now at work on a plan of action to combat this ordinance, as well as the regula- tions, but at the present time I am unable to make public just what will be done. I may say, that the action of the New ' York wholesalers will not make a particle of difference to us and we will go ahead and test the validity of the ordinance." N. Y. Druggists Differ On Goldwater Ordinance Pharmaceutical Conference Offered Legal Assistance if Retailers Are Arrested — Some Members Believe Department of Health Should Be Supported- New York retail druggists are of divided opin- ions on the so-called Goldwater ordinance regulat- ing the sale of patent medicines, which becomes effective December 31, next. The meeting on No- vember 5 of the New York Pharmaceutical Con- ference, a delegate body which represents all of the retail druggists associations of the metropoli- tan district, revealed several different points of view as to whether the Conference should support the Department of Health in its efforts to regu- late patent medicines or enlist with the patent med- icine manufacturers to fight the enforcement of the ordinance. Representatives of the New York branch of the American Pharmaceutical Association and the Bronx Pharmaceutical Association wanted the Conference to go on record as sup- porting the work of the Department of Health, but a majority was disposed to view the situation from the other side and a resolution suggested by Clarence O. Bigelow of the A.Ph.A. reading as follows was not supported: "It is the sense of this Conference that it disapproves of the handling or sale of medicines with extravagant claims and we will pledge ourselves, individually and unitedly, to co-operate in the prosecution of these manufacturers." A Promise of Legal Assistance This followed a verbal report made by Dr. William C. Anderson, chairman, that the executive committee had made^ unsuccessful attempts to have the ordinance repealed, and had determined to accept offers of legal assistance on behalf of retail druggists in fighting through the courts any case brought by the Board of Health in which a retail druggist is made- defendant. Some of those present thought the manufacturers of patent medicines and the health authorities should be left to fight the question out between themselves, and that retail druggists^ should not appear except as witnesses. Clarence O. Bigelow reported a conversation he had with the health authorities when it was stated that it is not the intention of the Depart- ment of Health to prosecute retail druggists unless absolutely forced to do so. In the discussion of the ordinance it developed that many- druggists are willing to stop the sale of all patent medicines, if they could be assured that their competitors would do likewise; others, while not defending fraudulent patent med- icines, maintain that there are good patent medicines and that the public should be permitted to prescribe for its own ailments, if it chooses, without consulting a physician. Still others view the ordinance strictly from a legal point of view and maintain that the Department of Health is usurping powers not granted to it by the Legislature and that its dictum regarding patent medicines takes away from manu- facturers their property rights in a manner not legal under the State or Federal constitutions. Final Action a Compromise The final action of the Conference was a sort of com- promise. It was decided that a letter be sent to every retail druggist in Greater New York, regardless of whether he is a member of an association, and inform him of the exact situa- tion and let him choose his own course of action. The Con- ference will, of course, advise druggists that if they choose to disregard the ordinance they may, if arrested and indicted, 534 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [December, 1915 avail themselves of the legal assistance offered to the Cou- ference. It -wsls assumed by those present that the offer of legal assistance had come to the Conference from the Pro- prietary Association of America, though this was not dis- closed. S. V. B. Swann, general manager of the ConsoHdated Drug Co., was bitter in his denunciation of the Goldwater ordinance and the health authorities. He said that the retail druggists who assisted the department in enforcing the law would be "double crossed" later and that their own preparations would be taken away from them. "Who is to decide," he asked, "whether a medicine has therapeutic value or not?" He said that physicians are not competent to judge because they are continually changing their ideas regarding the effects of cer- tain drugs, and that things thought to be of value years ago were condemned now, while other articles formerly con- sidered of no value in certain ailments are now being admin- istered. Mr. Swann predicted that the wholesale druggists who had agreed to support the ordinance would go back on their promise. Stamping Medicines "On Hand" It was reported that arrangements were being made so that patent medicines in stock on January 1 would be properly stamped by the Board of Health, and such articles could be retained until sold. Druggists said they had recently been waited upon by a com- mittee from a medical association and were asked to place in their store a sign reading as follows: "We do not recom- mend patent medicines. Many of them are worthless. If you are sick consult your physician." Independent Retailers Urge Price Maintenance Law More than 300 retail merchants of New York City gathered at the Hotel Astor Wednesday, Octo- ber 27 under the auspices of the Conference of Independent Retailers of the Metropolitan District to discuss methods of promoting the passage of the Stevens price maintenance bill, ways to el imin ate coupons as a trade factor and how to arouse senti- ment tending to prevent fraudulent advertising. The merchants present were united in their stand for the Stevens bill and a resolution was passed stating their position and calling on the members of Congress to vote favorably upon this measure. The first speaker introduced by Dr. William C. Anderson, chairman of the conference, was State Senator Ogden L. Mills, who was instrumental in the passage of the New York state law for honest advertising. Price Maintenance will Benefit Consumer Dr. Lee Galloway, Professor of Commerce and Industry at New York University, was the next speaker and he said that although the opponents of price maintenance argued that there was a broad public principle being violated in the pas- sage of the law that the only principle involved was the right of the individual to make contracts. Dr. Galloway said that the consumer would benefit by the Stevens bill because he would save time and secure better service. "I believe that all the evils of the merchandising field can be traced back to price cutting," said Dr. Galloway. Chas. Dushkind, counsel of the Tobacco Merchants of America, the third speaker of the evening, pointed out the effect of price cutting on the consumer and the protection which the Stevens bill would afford him. "The Stevens bill will not prohibit price cutting but it will permit manufac- turers of trade-marked articles to protect the prices on their products. In other words, it will stop price cutting on the standard goods. N. A. R. D. Official is Heard Samuel C. Henry of Philadelphia, chairman of the legislative committee of the National Association of Retail Druggists, called attention to the fact that his association was tlie first to champion the retailers when they took up the cause seven- teen years ago, and he expressed it as his belief that now the question of the success of the retailers depended merely upon how much energy they were willing to give to the cause. Walter M. Chandler, congressman of the 19th district of New York and Daniel J. Griffin, congressman of the 8th dis- trict, were expected to speak at the meeting but were unable to be present. Letters were read from them in which they pledged their support to the Stevens bill. At the close of the meeting Dr. Anderson outlined the ob- jects of the conference and urged every merchant present to get in active touch with his congressman in order to make him feel the force of the sentiment behind the proposed legislation. Pharmaceutical Society Renews Campaign for Official Remedies At the regular meeting of the Kings County Pharmaceuti- cal Society, held at the Brooklyn College of Pharmacy on November 8, chairman Charles E. Heimerzheim, of the trade matters committee, reported that work was about to be com- menced in pushing the N.F. and U.S. P. preparations. It was recommended that a detail man be hired and that letters and other literature be sent out to physicians, recommending preparations and ways in which they could be prescribed. Dr. William C. Anderson, chairman of the legislative com- mittee, reported the action taken by the New York Phar- maceutical Conference at its last meeting. He said that letters were soon to be sent out to all retail druggists of the city informing them as to the exact situation relative to the proposed Goldwater disclosure ordinance. Dr. Anderson said that on November 16 a meeting of representatives of the various retail trades would be held at the offices of the Fair Trade League to further discuss methods of promoting the Stevens bill. Attention was called to a new ruling of the Internal Revenue department giving the druggist the right to invest his clerk with power of attorney to sign orders for narcotics in the absence of the owner. An interesting feature of the meeting was the presence of Octave A. A. Rouillion, one of the founders of the Society, and who, until his retirement a few weeks ago was the oldest active druggist in Brooklyn. Announcement was made that on Thursday, November 18. the Alumni Association of the Brooklyn College would hold a reception and entertainment and it was urged that as many members of the society as possible attend. ]Sr. A. R. D. INVITED TO HOLD ITS 1916 CONVEN- TION" IN NEW YORK The Metropolitan Association of Retail Druggists will renew its invitation to the National Association of Retail Druggists to hold its 1916 convention in New York City. The invita- tion was first presented on the floor of the convention held at Minneapolis recently. The executive committee of the N. A. R. D. will meet De- cember 8 in Chicago, and will decide then where the 1916 convention will be held. At the the meeting of the Metropolitan Association held Friday, November 5. it was reported that 150 members of Congress had assured the legislative committee of their inten- tion of voting for the Stevens bill. Owing to the high prices of drugs and chemicals it was suggested tliat a meeting of New York druggists be held to discuss the question of prescription prices. Charles A. Storer to Retire Charles A. Storer, treasurer of the Chicago Retail Druggists' .\ssociation and member of the Veteran Drug- gists' Association, is about to retire from active business. While Mr. Storer will retain his connection with tlie N. A. R. D. and the A.Ph..\.. with which he has for many years been prominently identified, he is closing out his retail busi- ness at Ohio and Rush streets, where he has been located in the \'irginia Hotel for many years. His stock of drugs was sold at auction, Tuesday, October 26. December, 1915] THE phar:maceutical era 535 NEWS OF A. PH. A. BRANCHES NORTHWESTERN BRANCH The first 1915 Fall meeting of tlie Xorthwestern Branch of the A.Ph.A was held at the Nicollet Hotel, Minneapolis, on Friday evening, October 22d. The business meeting and pro- gram for the evening were pre- ceded by a dimier beginning at 7 p. m. A motion providing for the endorsement by tlie Branch of the Stevens Bill and the principle contained therein was unanimously carried. Prof. H. U. Whelpley was the guest of the evening and the principal speaker. As a member of the Board of Trustees of the U. S. Pharmacopoeial Convention Committee he spoke at length and in detail on how the U. S. Phar- macopoeia is revised. The sev- eral headings in the following outline were well covered by the speaker : The Pharmacopoeia Far- reaching; Pharmacopoeia De- fined; Early Pharmacopoeial Re- vision Work ; Recent Pharma- copoeial Revision Work ; Influ- ence of the Food and Drugs Act; Medical Influence on the Phar- macopoeia ; Whv Pharmacists Have Not Deserted the U.S.P.; The Scope of the U.S.?.; Legal Status of the U.S.P.; Work of a Pharmacopoeial Convention ; How the Committee on Revision "Works. The work of the Committee on Revision goes oil so quietly that no one realizes the nature or full extent of the task. The Gen- eral Committee consists of fifty- one members who work with out salary or assurance of ade- quate remuneration. This large body finally passes on all questions brought before it and must approve the Pharmacopoeia as a whole before the pages are electrotyped for printing. Each of the fifty-one members has a large ring cover in which to file the recent correspond- ence. The letters are mimeographed on legal cap size sheets. The pages are numbered consecutively and the letters dated and numbered. Canvas binders are furnished, each holding five hundred sheets of the accumulated correspondence. Thus each member has a complete set of volumes covering all the work of the General Committee. The last circular is num- bered 326, dated October 16, 1915, and closes with page 1876. This means that 95,676 sheets like this exhibit were mimeo- graphed and mailed to the fifty-one members of the General Committee on Revision. The General Committee is divided into fifteen sub-committees on as many different subjects. Each one of the smaller committet: has a chairman who con- ducts correspondence with the associates on his committee. Each member of a sub-committee has a full set of all the cor- respondence of the committee. As some persons serve on two or more committees, this correspondence becomes very voluminous. The Executive Committee of fifteen receives the reports of sub-committees and votes on them before subjects go to the General Committee for approval. The last executive commit- tee letter is number 651 and is on page 3358, October 9, 1915. These are mimeographed on letter size sheets. The Executive Committee has to date required a total of 52,370 sheets. This, together with the General Committee sheets, makes a total of 148,046 sheets to date. As sheets of both circulars and letters in addition to the above are sent to five trustees, we must add 28,170 sheets, making a grand total Dean H. M. Whelpley of the St. Louis College of Phar- macy, examining speciynens of the root systems of Rheum palmatum and Rheum officinale in the Medicinal Plant Laboratory of the College of Pharmacy of the University of Minnesota, October 22. of 176,216 sheets exclusive of the over run for reserve sets. It is probable that at least 200,000 sheets have been mimeographed to date. Including the work of mimeographing and mailing, we can allow one minute's time for each sheet. This is the equivalent of 3,333 hours or 416 work days of eight hours each. This makes no allowance what- ever for the work of individual members of the committee in studying, experimenting and commenting on the information contained in these sheets. This statement of mechanical labor will give some idea of the men- tal work wlhich has thus far been recorded. It is merely the summing up of the committee work, which in turn is based on the work of individual pharma- cists, the world over. The phar- macopoeial work of American pharmacists is, indeed the great work of the pharmacists of this decade. Among the other subjects the j speaker touched upon were : Di- : gest of comments on the U.S.P.; board of trustees of the U.S. P.; the sale of the Pharmacopoeia; Spanish translation of the U.S.P.; payment for use of U.S. P. text; authority to use for comment; income and expenses; honor- aria for pharmacopoeial work; the Chairman of the Committee on Revision ; proof reading of the Pharmacopoeia; U.S. P. pub- licity; the new Pharmacopoeia; how the Pharmacopoeia should be revised. A vote of thanks was ten- dered Dean Whelpley for pre- senting the instructive paper. H. W. Rietzke referred to the organization of the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy, its function and useful- ness, and explained the methods employed by the Minnesota Board for granting reciprocal registration. Dean Wulling spoke briefly concerning the intimate relationship between the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy and the Ameri- can Conference of Pharmaceutical Faculties. Prof. Bachman presented in tabulated form a detailed report of the rapidity of deterioration in Sweet Spirit of Niter, which had been kept under varying conditions. The table elicited a lively discussion. Chas. H. Huhn opened the discussion on recent judicial opinions on the Harrison Anti-Narcotic Law, the discussion being continued by Messrs. Morland, Tup- per, Kline, Griffin, Von Rohr and Goodrich. Dr. Newcomb directed attention of the members to the reports in the pharmaceutical journals and called particular attention to the large number and variety of papers which were presented at the pharmaceutical meetings in San Francisco. Dr. Newcomb also called atten- tion to a prescription which called for tincture of iodine, ammonia water and collodion in equal parts, stating that th« mixture was incompatible, on account of the stronger am- monia water being an aqueous preparation, which gives a precipitate in the collodion of cellulose, and that physicians who desire to use this preparation should prescribe the spirit of ammonia, which, being an alcoholic preparation, is com- patible with the collodion. About 20 specimens of drugs produced from medicinal plants grown in the medicinal plant garden of the College of Phar- macy of the University of Minnesota during 1915 were ex- hibited by Dr. Newcomb. Special attention was called to 536 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [December, 1915 a specimen of the root system Rheum Officinale, which showed the large rhizomes from which Shensi rhubarb is prepared. Among the specimens exhibited were belladonna; folia, hyos- cyamus, stramonium. Cannabis sativa, Phytolacca, Marru- bium, chenopodium, belladonnae radix, inula, digitalis and datura tatula, the leaves of which will be official in the U.S. P. IX. In closing. Dr. Newcomb called attention to the use of powdered abrus in the treatment of the advanced stages of trachoma. A specimen of whole abrus or jequirity seed was exhibited. NEW YORK BRAITCH The National Formulary, fourth revision, will be in the hands of the druggists by March 1, and will, according to Prof. Otto Raubenheimer, who gave a talk on the progress of the forthcoming edition at the meeting of the New York branch of the American Pharmaceutical Association, Monday, November 8, be the best Formulary that has yet been pub- lished. A large number of revisions have been made which will tend to make the book more complete and more service- able to the average pharmacist. One of the important features of the new book will be a chapter on sterilization which will occupy seven and a half pages in part one. At the meeting of the Formulary commit- tee in Philadelphia the last of October the proposition of the National Association of Retail Druggists that whisky and brandy be included in the new edition was turned down, as was also the proposition for a preparation of rubbing alcohol. The inclusion of whisky and brandy was rejected as these articles are not used in any preparation for which formulas are given in the book, while the nibbing alcohol was discarded as bring- ing the druggist under the internal revenue liquor tax. In the course of his remarks Prof. Raubenheimer sketched the history of formularies in the United States, speaking of the first one which was published by the German Apothe- caries' Society in 1848, and of the New York and Brooklyn Formulary, published under the auspices of the German So- ciety, the New York College of Pharmacy and the King's County Pharmaceutical Society, in 1884, which formed the nucleus for the first edition of the present N. F. Among the changes which go to make the N. F. IV an improvement over previous editions, the omission of the index is one of the most important. All preparations will be given in Part I and all standards in Part II. The metric system only will be used while trade-marked names will be omitted entirely. Therapeutic titles will be discouraged as far as possible. Great care has been taken by the committee to have the Latin titles absolutely correct. Many preparations which were formerly in the U. S. P. have now been placed in the N. F. and in such cases the preparation will bear a sub- title to that effect. Synonyms will be omitted as much as is consistent with clear understanding as these are all given in part II. Besides the new chapter on sterilization, the first part of the book will contain the definitions and descriptions of physical and chemical standards. The second part will have the drugs with doses, which will be expressed by both the metric and the apothecary standards. The committee on harmony has con- sidered many cases in which similar .subjects were treated in the N. F. and the U. S. P. and has in many cases been able to avoid this repetition. Warcotic Preparations Modified All preparations which come under the operation of the Harrison anti-narcotic law are modified to agree with the terms of the law, except, of course, in the case of the riK^ro powerful mixtures. Two cholera mixtures have been admit- ted. Preparations which in the old N. F. were made with syrup of raspberry are made with syrup of blackberry in tlie new edition. Prof. Raubenheimer said that an effort had been made to make the titles as short as possible and that official .abbrevia- tions such as are used in the U.S. P. had hc^u a ilujit' d. Dur- ing the discussion which followed the pn\sont,ition of the report ' ' ' -Iiirvil points were cleared up by Prof. Raub- enheii to the report on the Formulary, Dr. Geoip gave an interesting report on the pro- gress i.n..: (liinnc the inten-als of the said annual meetings. \\ h. -. - ' ' ^ ' ■ I . i>y the Treasurer of the A Ph. A. to till- 1 is. therefore, public informa- tion. 1 such shape that the Associ- ation Isations without using some of its cii ' .' 1 ; ; . ■' i ■ c same as security for a loan, therefore Be it resolved, by the Local Branch of the A.Ph.A.. of Wash- ington, D. C, that the Council be requested to invite Messrs. H.' B. Mason, of Detroit, Charles R. Sherman, of Omaha. Charles Caspari, Jr.. of Baltimore. F. C. Henry, of Washington. P. C. and L. G. Blakeslec, of St. Louis, to become a commission to look into the financial affairs of the American Pharmaceutical Association, its manner of accounting, its revenues and its ex- penditures and report at the next meeting, with such recommen- dations as this commission may conclude will be advantageous to the welfare and usefulness of the A.Ph.A. December, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 537 After discussion bolli resolutions were unanimously approved and the secretary was directed to forward them to the Sec- retary of the Council. The secretary presented a communication received from the Deputy Commissioner of Internal Revenue, relative to T. D. 2241, authorizing the use of formula No. 19, equal parts of ethyl alcohol and ether, and providing this siiecial denatured alcohol for use in the manufacture of collodion ; tliis com- munication was most interesting, in view of the fact that the department holds that collodion is a varnish and not a med- icinal preparation and that the use of this special denatured alcohol in the manufacture of collodion is permissible o)iIy where the collodion is entirely free from medicinal properties. BALTIMORE BRANCH The greater part of the meeting of the Baltimore Branch of the A.Ph.A. was taken up with reports of members who had attended the annual meeting of tlie national or- ganization in San Francisco. Not less than six Baltimoreans were present at the Pacific coast sessions. The attendance at the national meeting, it was stated, appeared to be small, but when proper account was taken of the fact that tlie re- sults of the deliberations would be manifested in the pro- gress of pharmacy and that enactments by Congress and Legislatures would result therefrom, the sessions were to be considered as important. The report of the Commission on Proprietary Medicines was considered at length and was thought to be a step in the right direction, credit being given to J. H. Beal for his untiring work along these lines. The report of W. A, Hover, of the N.W.D.A., showed the result of an investigation of the subject of profit on prescriptions. This showed that the average profit did not e.xceed 13^ per cent in the ordinary Stores, and that places were actually losing money on their investment in stock. This exhibit is, of course, in striking contrast to the general conception of drug store profits, the impression created in the minds of the general public being that the druggist makes not less than 100 per cent and fre- quently two and three times as much. A paper by Wm. J. Lowry, of Gilbert Bros. & Co., Bal- timore, on "The Seven Barrelled ISIoth Ball Sale," read be- for the Commercial Section, was highly commended. The number of women druggists in the west caused sur- prise among some of the Eastern delegates and was con- trasted with conditions in the East, where the employment of the fair sex appears to be limited to the hospitals and dispensaries. Mr. Lowry, in discussing the idea of a line of proprietary medicines trade-marked by the association and manufactured by the pharmacist, expressed it as his individual opinion that, if the association did act in the matter, it would be better to have the manufacturing done by the large con- cerns, the pharmacist doing the selling only, somewhat on the lines of the imprint goods now carried by some of the stores, but with the exception that every member of the association would push the same line and get the benefit of concerted action and advertising. Robert S, McKinney. of Taneytown, presided in the ab- sence of the president, Eugene Hodson, and Wm. J. Lowry, Jr., was secretary. CIN'CITra'ATI BRANCH The Cincinnati Branch of the A.Ph.A. opened the session of 1915-16 by holding its first meeting at the Metropole Hotel. Friday. October 29. The meeting was preceded by an elaborate luncheon, which was attended by most of the Cin- cinnati members, as well as a number of out of town guests, notably Dr. J. H. Beal, of Urbana. 111., Prof. Chas. H. Avery. Chicago. 111.. Walter Rothwell, Hatboro, Pa., J. G. Heinritz, Holyoke. Mass.. and others. After a short buusiness session, President Chas. G. Mer- rell introduced the principal speaker of the evening. Pro- fessor J. H. Beal. who gave a very interesting talk on the progress and result of the administration of the Harrison anti-narcotic act. as well as the general progress of phar- macy. Prof. Beal is the author of the Beal local option law of Ohio, as well as one of the framers of the Harrison law. He said: "We should not be everlastingly tearing up the statute books and bothering the public with propositions for new legislation, without first enforcing the old laws. We should favor rational temperance and rational p.nti- narcotic legislation; no legislation should be advocated that would interfere with the practice of the legitimate druggist or physician, and legislators should not listen to the out- cries of fanatical reformers. Seek out the real criminal and condemn him, but do not condemn the whole community. Rational legislation, such as the Harrison act, for the regu- lation of the sale of dangerous and habit-forming drugs, is generally advocated and commended by the druggist, and it is greatly to the credit of the American Pharmaceutical Association that this law was placed upon the statute books of the nation. PHILADELPHLA. BRANCH At the regular monthly meeting of the Philadelphia Branch of the A.Ph.A., held on October 12, at the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Dr. Wilson W. McNeary presented a paper on "A New Method for the Preparation of Milk of INIagnesia". This paper raised considerable comment and, after a lengthy discussion during which Prof. E. F. Cook suggested that some volatile oil should be added to milk of magnesia to make it more palatable. Prof. La Wall moved the method as given by Dr. McNeary with Prof. Cook's sug- gestion be referred to that portion of the U.S.P. revision committee having that work in charge. The motion was sec- onded and, when put to vote, carried. Dr. Adolph W. Miller gave a very interesting and in- structive account of his impression of the Pacific Coast, the California Fairs and of the convention of the National Whole- sale Drug Association. At the November meeting, John K. Thum, Ph.G., presented a "Review of Pharmaceutical Literature"; Prof. Chas. E. Vanderkleed gave a very interesting account of his experience in "Europe in War Times" ; and the remainder of the even- ing was devoted to a spirited discussion of the subject, "Is Tetanus Caused by Vaccination?" Dr. F. E. Stewart read a paper on the subject, and his view that tetanus is not caused by vaccination was upheld by Dr. Wadsworth and Dr. J. F. Schamberg but was rather violently opposed by C. Oscar Beasley, president of the Pennsylvania Anti-Compulsory Vac- cination Society. Chairman S. C. Henry presided. NASHVILLE BRANCH The regular meeting of the Nashville Branch was held in a joint session with the Nashville Drug Club in the Music Room of the Nashville Y. M. C. A., Thursday afternoon, November 18, with D. J. Kuhn presiding. After the min- utes were read and approved Congressman Jos. W. Byrns was introduced, who capably explained the provisions of the Stevens bill and stated many good reasons why he thought the bill should be passed. He said that most of the work of Congress was done by committees and that the passage of the bill depended largely on getting it reported favorably by the committee to which it was referred. Letters were read from Senator Luke Lea and Ex-Gov- ernor M. R. Patterson favoring the bill. The bill was then read and discussed at length by different members. The point was brought out that Senator Stevens, the author of the bill, had been defeated and that someone else would have to reintroduce it at the next session of Congress. On motion of W. R. White a resolution was passed requesting Congressman T. N. Sims to support the bill. Congress- man Sims is a member of the committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce to which the bill was referred. Similar letters were ordered sent to all the other Senators and Con- gressman of the State. Gus A. Blodou was instructed to prepare a friendly letter to be sent to the North Nash- ville Medical Society in answer to communication received from them criticizing local druggists. A paper reviewing the recent drug journals was read by Dr. J. O. Burge. After discussing the question of pre- scription prices the Branch adjourned. 538 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [December, 1915 An Analysis and Criticism of the "Goldwater Ordinance" {Continued from page 510) ■and all who make or sell proprietary preparations are entitled to ask for a sight of the complete program before being com- mitted to it. One thing seems fairly certain : either the ordinance expresses something it does not intend, or it intends something it does not express. There is somewhere something that does not appear on the surface, and those who will be affected by the measure have the right to know what that something is and where it is located. 4. The ordinance proposes merely to substitute ■one kind of secrecy for another. The ordinance proposes to substitute for the secrecy now maintained by each individual proprietor a secrecy which is to 'be officially preserved by the Department of Health. In other words, the theory of the ordinance is that secrecy of composi- tion is wrong when individually possessed but righteous when officially possessed, even though such secrecy should protect the practice of fraud. Without the present ordinance, if the Department discovers the fraudulency of a proprietary prepara- tion, it may publish its discoveries to the world, but when act- ing under the ordinance it may not on any account betray the secrets of which it may become possessed. 5. The ordinance cannot insure the Department of Health the gaining of any acccurate information con- cerning the ingredients of a preparation that might not be equally obtained by analysis, and when gained in the latter manner, would not be subject to the pledge of secrecy which the ordinance imposes. If the chemists and pharmacologists of the Department of Health are unable to make an accurate and complete deter- mination of the drugs to be found in proprietary medicines, then the ordinance is unnecessary. If tliey are not able to make .such analyses, then the ordinance is useless, since the proprietor might report tliat he was making use of the vege- table drugs A. B. C. and D., when in fact he might be using the drugs E. F. G. and H., and the analyst could not detect the deception. One of the largest selling proprietaries on the market bears on its label what purports to be the names and proportions of its ingredients, yet these ingredients when put together in the ordinary manner do not yield an exact duplicate of the genuine preparation. Evidently, therefore, the proprietor has not made public all of his secret, and no one has yet been able to detect what he has chosen to conceal. Hundreds of vegetable drugs might be named which could not be identified in the finished preparation. The unfortunate chemist to whom the subject was referred could only report the proportions of alcohol, water, and mineral constituents, and the presence of "unidentifiable vegetable extractive matter" which might have been obtained from an indefinite number of drugs. 6. The ordinance is either futile or deceptive. If the ordinance is able to accomplish no more than what ■on its face it professes to do, namely, to receive and keep secret the confessions of the makers of proprietary medicines, then it is inane and futile, and only another dish of the flap- doodle so commonly fed to the public under the name of re- form, the only discoverable effects of which are to provide places and salaries for clerks who collect and file certain in- consequential "reports," which when collected and filed do not amount to a tinker's malediction so far as any public benefit is concerned. If the ordinance is not really the toothless thing it seems to be, and depends upon some hidden factor to give it force and effect, then that factor should be made evident, in order that the people may determine whether they want it or not. One theory of government is that tlie masses of the people, ' ' i' i Ill, are not able to intelligently regulate their own iuld therefore accept the paternal legislation de- ■ood and wise"— meaning a select office-holding ca ■.< ^hr,vi every modern convenience to be fn in the largest cities of the North. Tlie iiinainder .f the huhiiiig. tlie biiildings, a direc- The building is he South. It has ihe best structures A Famous Health Resort in America Now that the war has closed the famous baths and health resorts of Europe, nervous and run down Americans who find it necessary to spend part of their time each year recuper- ating from their arduous labors are forced to find some place in the United States which will meet their requirements. It Greenbrier Hotel is only recently that America has developed cures which, in point of bath facilities, medical ser\-ices and surroundings, compare favorably with the celebrated cures of Europe. One of the best of these cures is tliat at Sulphur Springs, West Va. This resort, located in the heart of the Blue Ridge Mountains, is equipped with facilities for treating ailments of nearly every kind. The bath establishment connected with this resort is located in the annex of the Greenbrier hotel and is under tlie direction of Dr. Capito and Dr. Kniffler, formerly of Wiesbaden, Germany. Under their skilful direction every known form of hydropathic treatment is given. A New Christmas Shopping Slogan Here is an at- tractive little varia- tion of "Do your Christmas shopping early" slogan which is being furnished the Seneca Agen- cies by tlie Seneca Camera Mfg. Com- pany. Rochester. N. Y. This Company has also just pre- pared a window and counter enlargement which will attract a great deal of attention — it shows the Seneca Chief "Wy- ten-ac" lying on a bluff taking a picture of a beautiful sweeping river valley. With its splendid line of Cameras, which now includes the Vestpocket Seneca — backed up by the progressive dealer co-operation policy — this Company offers an extremely attractive proposition for Druggists. ^hrisfmas Shopping Early and:- EMEMBER WE HAVE The AGENC Yy^f SENECA CAMERAS "Circle £ Pharmacists who 1 prescription work w was awarded the gr tion. This is the h prize given iMeseiipi The Armstrdii'.; (' perfecting the nuali Corks Win Grand Prize ,e been using "Circle A" corks in their be interested to know that this brand (1 prize at the Panama-Pacific Exposi- lest i>ossilile award and the only grand 11 eoiks at tlie F.xposition. ; ( oniiiany has devoted many years to of this brand and has developed the motto "The Standard Prescription Corks of America." A Typographical Error Corrected The PH.\R:vrACErTir.\L Er.\ wishes to call attention of the trade to a typographical error which occurred in tlie advertise- ment of the "Ever-Good" menthol inhalers by the Walter F. Ware Company in the November issue of the Era. In the advertisement, as printed the price per gross was piven as S4.5fl when it should have been -40 The price i^er dozen remains at 50c. December, 1915] THE PHAKMACEUTICAL ERA 543 United Drug Company Plan of Amalgamation Announced (Continued from page 513) ■'Any and all other matters of detail affecting or pertaining to the New Company and > > i-^ si i k shall be as determined or approved by the Con.- shall have full power to decide in relation to ;s, and the Committee shall also have power to , i approve any changes in the detail of the plan, whicli, in its opinion and discretion, do not substantially affect the general object and results con- templated or change the basis of distribution to stockholders as set forth below. Distribution of Stock of the New Company "Upon the basis of the above allotment it is proposed that the Preferred Stockholders of the Riker & Hegeman Co. who deposit their stock and assent to tlie Plan shall receive in exchange therefor first preferred stock of tlie New Com- pany, par for par, t. e. — if the Plan is consummated, each preferred stockholder of the Riker & Hegeman Co. assenting to the Plan will receive for his present preferred stock in the Riker & Hegeman Co. paying 6% cumulative dividends an equal amount of par value of the first preferred stock of the New Company paying 7% cumulative dividends. The balance of the first preferred stock of the New Company pres- ently issuable which may not be taken in exchange under the Plan by preferred stockholders of the Riker & Hegeman Co. will be used by the Committee for the purpose of pro- viding cash necessary to satisfy the rights in liquidation of the preferred stock not deposited under the Plan. "The Common Stockholders of the Riker & Hegeman Co. will receive second preferred stock in the New Company pay- ing 6% non-cumulative dividends, of the par value of $3,- 859,000, and common stock of the New Company of the par value of $8,800,000, less an amount of common stock, not in «xcess of the par value of $332,580, which shall be distributed by the Committee upon such terms and in such manner as it shall in its sole discretion deem desirable amongst those employees of the Riker & Hegeman Co. and of its subsidiary companies who are now parties to stock participation agree- ments. The common stockholders of the Riker & Hegeman Co. will receive approximately an equal amount of par value of common stock of the New Company and approximately $44 par value of second preferred stock of the New Company for each $100 par value holding of common stock of the Riker & Hegeman Co. Deposit of Stock "In order to carry out the plan of amalgamation of the property and assets of the two companies, it will be neces- sary for the stockholders of the Riker & Hegeman Co., both common and preferred, to endorse their stock in blank and to deposit the stock so endorsed with the Bankers Trust Com- pany of New York, Depositary, located at No. 16 Wall Street, Borough of Manhattan, City of New York, to be held by the said Bankers Trust Company subject to and under the terms of the Deposit Agreement hereinafter referred to. Proxies "At the time of deposit of the stock, the stockholders are requested to sign and deliver the proxy herewith enclosed. Powers of Committee "The Committee shall vote the said stock at any time and all meetings of stockholders of the Riker & Hegeman Co. called for the purpose of carrying out the said Plan, and in con- nection therewith shall have full power to vote the said stock for the dissolution of the Riker & Hegeman Co. and the sale of its assets and property to the New Company, pursuant to section 221 of the General Corporation Law of New York, or for the sale to the New Company of the assets of the Riker & Hegeman Co. without dissolution thereof, pursuant to section 16 of the Stock Corporation Law of New York, or to consolidate or merge this Company with any other company or companies, or in any other manner to vote the said stock for the purpose of consummating and effecting the Plan aforesaid, and to vote the said stock for all pur- poses at any annual meeting held for the election of di- rectors. The Committee shall have full power and authority to execute any and all agreements, subscriptions to stock. waivers, releases, consents, certificates or other documents or instruments necessary or proper for the purpose of consum- mating and effecting tlie Plan aforesaid. The said Commit- tee shall have full power and authority upon the consum- mation of the Plan aforesaid to receive the shares of stock, both common and preferred, and receipts for fractional portions of a share, of the New Company to which the stock- holders may be entitled, and to deliver or cause the Depositary to deliver the said shares of the New Company and receipts to the several persons entitled to receive the same upon due surrender of the certificates of deposit duly endorsed, and upon the delivery of the shares of stock of the New Company and receipts as aforesaid, the said Committee shall be fully discharged, acquitted and released of all liability hereunder. ".Any two of tlie said Committee shall be authorized to execute and exercise any or all of the powers hereinbefore granted to the Committee, and in case of the death, resig- nation or inability or failure to act of any one or more of said Committee, the remaining member or members of the Committee shall have full power and authority to exercise any or all of the powers herein granted. "The Committee shall have full power and authority to enter into any agreement or arrangement with the Bankers Trust Company or any other Trust Company, in the full and sole discretion of the Committee necessary or proper to carry out the terms and provisions of this Plan. "The Committee is expressly authorized in its entire dis- cretion at any time and from time to time to cause any or all certificates of stock deposited hereunder to be transferred into the name or names of the Committee, or the name or names of any person designated by the Committee, to be held by such transferee as trustee, with full power and authority to do any and all things necessary or proper to carry out and effect the purposes of this Plan in accordance with the Deposit Agreement. The Committee shall have, in addition to the powers herein enumerated, any and all powers enu- merated in the Deposit Agreement to be entered into for the deposit of stock of this Company for the purpose of carrying out and effecting this Plan, a copy of which Deposit Agree- ment is on file with the Bankers Trust Company. Deposit Certificates The stockholder will receive from the Bankers Trust Com- pany at the time of deposit a receipt certifying to the de- posit of the said stock under the terms and conditions of the Deposit Agreement. The surrender and delivery of the said certificate will be a condition precedent to the receipt by any stockholder of certificates of shares of stock deposited or to the receipt by the stockholder of shares of stock of the New Company, as the case may be. The said deposit certifi- cates may be transferred in such manner and under such regulations as may be therein provided and as may be satis- factory to the said Depositary. "Holders of certificates of deposit will receive all divi- dends declared by the Riker & Hegeman Co. on the stock deposited, as and when paid by the said corporation. "In case the Plan is not substantially consummated before April 1, 1916, certificates for the shares of stock deposited will be delivered to the several stockholders entitled thereto, upon due surrender of the deposit certificates, duly endorsed, ex- cept that the Committee may extend such period for a further term or terms not exceeding an aggregate of four months, if such extension is deemed advisable by the Committee. "The expenses reasonably incurred by the Committee in connection with the carrying out of this Plan, including all expenses incurred in connection with the transfer or de- posit of certificates, and the expenses incurred in connection with the organization of the New Company, shall be ad- vanced by the Riker & Hegeman Co. for and on behalf of the New Company, and shall be repaid by the New Company. "Stockholders who deposit their stock hereunder hereby assent to the terms and provisions of this Plan and of the Deposit Agreement on file with the Bankers Trust Company, to which the stockholders are referred for the terms of deposit." Dated New York, N. Y., November 10, 1915 JOHN B. COBB, JOHN H. FLAGLER, EDWARD D. CAHOON, Committee. 544 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [Decembee, 1915 Retailer Tells Why He Boosts or "Knifes" a Brand (Continued from page 524) Co., Palmer's Skin Success Company, Ingersoll Watch Com- pany, and perhaps the new candy company. Just five con- cerns out of the hundreds of concerns whose articles we sell ! Isn't there something wrong with the viewpoint of all these people who cannot see what a tremendous field there is, requiring merely some intensive cultivation? When I look at the numerous advertisements in the various magazines, I often sigh and think what a waste. If only some of the advertisers would make the dealer a proposition that would show that they realize what a dealer is up against, how much easier it would be for us and for them! As it is we must class them as second, third and sometimes fourth, when we would so like to class them all as first. Well, I imagine that you must feel rather tired of all this outpouring. I have gone over it, and in writing it does not seem near as good as I thought it would be, but I will let it go through just the same. I have mixed the I's and the we's so that it will be hard to tell who is writing this, but let it stand, as it is getting late. If you think your readers will be inter- ested go ahead and print it. If you do, I hope you will trim it up a little so it will be better than it is at present. If you do not care to print the names mentioned, you can eliminate them. So far as I am concerned I think it will carry more weight to give the names. Everything I have said is the truth, and the truth is always safe to print. I am, Sincerely, G. I. SCHEEIBER. THERAPEUTIC USES OF PHEirA-LGIH In the application of remedial measures to the cure of dis- ease, the physician and druggist are both interested, and in this respect, the claims advanced by the manufacturers of Phenalgin for their product are worthy of attention. They state that few drugs have so wide a therapeutic range as Phenalgin, which is at once an analgesic, anodyne and hyp- notic, antipyretic, antiperiodic and eliminant. For the relief of pain it is particularly serviceable, producing the anodyne effects of the narcotics without their harmful qualities, while as an antipyretic it can be successfully employed without the de- pressing effects common to this class of remedies. Its use is indicated in the treatment of alcoholism, biliousness, cepha- lalgia, headache, neuralgia, etc., and it is employed by many physicians in preference to opiates, thereby avoiding the danger of drug addiction. Post Cards Profitable Side Line A profitable side line which takes up but little room and is of little bother to the druggist is a good line of post cards and local views. These views find a ready sale, especially in a town where summer visitors are numerous. It requires no selling ability to handle them as the common way is for the customer to pick out what he wants from the rack. If the views are attractively gotten up he will be sure to buy several at a time. Curt Teich & Co., Inc., of 1745 Irving Park boulevard, Chicago, are sending out their latest album con- taining specimens of high grade work at reasonable prices. This company also manufactures post cards, blotters and envelopes for advertising purposes, made by their five-color lithographic process. TTswskin Company Makes Special Offer Druggists will be interested to know that for a limited time the Newskin Company, 98 Graiul avriino, r.rooklyn, X. Y., is making a special offer to (Icalns wbd haiidl.- tlv ir liquid court plaster. For each puicliasr at \}\r lamilir wlml, - sale price of four dozen small and oiii'li ilf d"/' n ini .Iniui size bottles of New-Skin, the company will siiid fr^e to the retailer one-half dozen bottles of the medium size. These extra bottles will be sent direct from the factory upon receipt of the proper certificate from the wholesaler. The com- pany has found this plan an excellent trade-gcttcr in the past. Making Goods Move — Do Special Sales Pay? (Continued from page 515) stock moving, to eliminate any chance of stale goods, whether it be candy or drugs. Our patrons appreciate this, and it means more profit for us — more business, more satisfaction." Another druggist who has a very large and progressive business to prove the wisdom of his practice gives his reasons for frequently resorting to bargain sales in a straight from the shoulder manner that carries conviction with it. "I use the sales because my business is to sell drugs and specialties. When I found that I have something on hand that has not been turned over as it should have been I im- mediately conclude that something is wrong, either with the article itself or with my methods of handling it. Accordingly I put a portion of my supply of that article on sale for two reasons — to see how quickly it is taken up by my cus- tomers and to introduce it to them. If it pleases my patrons I will have requests for it and perhaps be able to clean out the rest of it at regular prices. If it does not please I put it on sale again, at a lower price. I keep reducing the price until I get rid of it. Naturally, every time it goes on the bargain counter or sales table it drops a point in my estima- tion and when it is offered to me again I know just where I stand. A Matter of Stock Turnover "After all it's merely a matter of stock turnover. If you can turn a thousand-dollar stock six times in a year with a five per cent net profit each time you're going to be a lot better off than if you only turn it once with a fifteen per cent profit. And your gain in the former instance is not to be calculated by figuring the difference between thirty per cent and fifteen per cent. There are other things to consider. When you have your stock turning regularly you are working on a system that is bound to assure you efficiency ; you are insuring yourself against loss by deterioration of mer- chandise; you are doing a volume of business that will entitle you to more credit, to a larger volume discount on purchases and to more consideration by the wholesalers. .\nd further, as your business increases you will be able to handle it along more economical lines. "Then, of course, the value of sales for the purpose of drawing new patrons to your store is ver>' .great. The average American shopper, whether man or woman, is very apt to enter a drug store to take advantage of a twenty-five cent bargain and, before leaving, purchase several dollars worth of specialties or drugs upon which the druggist realizes a substantial profit." There are many kinds of special sales which are held for some particular purpose, like, for instance, disposing of a bankrupt stock which had been bought at a remarkable sav- ing. The success of some sales depends upon their volume — especially when the profit on each article is very small — and it is usually in the larger cities that these are resorted to. At one such sale, held in New York City last winter, more than six thousand safety razors were sold in ten days, with a net profit of less than three per cent, on each razor. Yet this sale resulted in a clear protu of about five hundred dollars for this drug store. .Another drug store is said to have made a clear profit of more than ten thousand dollars on soap sales in one year and that at no time did they exceed two per cent net profit on their sales. The druggist whose place of business is in a large city realizes that there arc now people who will not purcha.se unless they can see the sign of a bargain before them. Tb's class of customers almost invariably purchases freely and there is at least one druggist who claims that if properly handled theirs will prove to be an extremely profitable trade. Perhaps the very strongest argument in favor of sales is the fact that the largest and most efficient concerns in th- rountrv resort to them frequently, both in order to keep the'*- stork ronsfantly turning and to induce new trade to enter tlieir stores. Denman's pharmacy, of Hardin. Mont., has been succeeded by the Hardin Drug Company, managed by .\. M. Hicks. The second annual reception and ball of the New Jersey Prvg Clerks Association will be held on February 2. 1016. December, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 545 NATIONAL CASH REGISTER COMPANY HOLDS "BUSINESS IS BOOMING" MEETING More than 800 National Cash Register Company salesmen, representing every city in United States and Canada, attended a big Prosperity Convention at the factory at Dayton, Ohio, November S-10. Every available hotel room was leased by the company for the occasion, and dormitories were erected in the office build- ing to handle the overflow. "Business is booming," was the slogan of the meeting. At the first session, following an address by John H. Patterson, president of the company, in which he predicted that the country was about to e.xperience the greatest era of prosperity in its history a poll was taken of the salesmen. They were asked to tell the condition of agriculture, min- ing, industry, commerce and finance in their respective terri- tories. Of the entire 800, over 95 per cent reported that every one of these five lines had improved tremendously in the last six months. The major part of the time at the convention was spent in discussing new selling methods, general store efficiency, how to train clerks, trim windows, etc. One subject on which special stress was laid was that of store systems. In this connection, the methods by which the smaller stores may compete successfully with the department stores were deter- mined. It is the desire of the company, it is said, that they may be able to be of the greatest possible service to storekeepers everywhere, from the smallest to the largest. A large number of talks were made by merchants, who were invited to the convention from many cities of the country. .\ motion picture entitled "The Evolution of a Store", was presented for the first time at the meeting. This film was produced by one of the leading photoplay companies of the country, and cost The N. C. R. Co. several thousand dol- lars. Dayton grocery stores were used for settings. NEW BOX FOB POTJDRE ELCAYA .\ handsome new oblong box has recently been adopted as a container for the Poudre Elcaya for the face and is attracting much favorable comment. The new shape for the box makes it an especially attractive dis- play package, either closed or open. An innovation, which is said to be proving especially popular with customers, is the folding pouch top, which en- ables the powder to be trans- ferred without spilling, while the pouch itself is a separate piece which may be lifted out leaving the pretty box suitable for many other uses. Fountain Pen Satisfaction Guaranteed The Conklin Pen Mfg. Company, of Toledo, Ohio, now guarantees its pens to give absolute satisfaction to the user or a new pen will be furnished or the money returned. This display of confidence in the value of their goods on the part of the manufacturing company is an indication that they have confidence in their product. All dealers who handle these goods are instructed to replace any goods which may be re- turned by a dissatisfied customer. This policy by the Conklin company makes these pens particularly valuable for Christmas trade. Free Offers of Hinds' Products For the remainder of the year, the A. S. Hinds Company, Portland, Me., manufacturer of toilet soaps and creams, is continuing its eight free offers to dealers who pur- chase their goods. The amount of free goods furnished varies with the amount of purchase, but each offer is distinctly worth while. This company has also decided to issue a 1916 calendar, which will be in several different artistic designs. PATENTS Granted October 26, 1915 157,668— Johann H. Boner, assignor to Badische Anilin & Soda Fabrik, Ludwigshafen-on-the-Rhine, Germany. Producing chromium salts. 157.734— Louis J. Strause and Otto Spahr, assignors to Strause Gas Iron Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Bunsen Burner. 157.735— William F. Thompson, deceased, by Viola A. S. Thomp- son, administratrix, Rochester, N. Y., assignor to Oscar A. Logan, New York, N. Y. Non-refiUable bottle. 157,905— Walter G. Rodiger, Chicago, 111. Stopper. 157,996— Nikola Martinovich, Youngstown, Ohio. Non-refillable bottle. 158,028— Theron W. Chapman, Belvidere, 111. Guard for bottle corks. 158,093— Frederick P. Wood, Detroit, Mich., assignor to American Can Co., New York, N. Y. Dispensing package. 158,167— Carl Bosch and Alwin Mittasch, assignors to Badische Anilin & Soda Fabrik, Ludwigshafen-on-the-Rhine, Ger- many. Production of ammonia. 158,217— Harold Hibbert, assignor to Gulf Refining Co., Pitts- burgh, Pa. Manufacture of organic solvents. 158,382— Bonnaford Leslie, Chicago, 111., assignor of one-half to S. D. Zaphyriades, Chicago, 111. Therapeutic cabinet. Granted November 2, 1915 158,462— John L. Dunnock, Baltimore, Md. Bottle closure. 158,496— Kurt Hess, assignor to Synthetic Patents Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. N-alkylated iminoketones. 158,622— Everett L. Blakeslee, Portland, Oreg. Bottle cap. 158,787— Frederick Coates, Rochester, N. Y. Labeling machine. 158,987— Bernard J. Cunningham, Corona, N. Y. Bottle. ,159,057— Zoe G. Magnea, New York, N. Y. Bottle. 159,164— John F. Brand, Utica, N. Y. Bottle label. ,159,203— Cornelius A. Folly, Boonton, N. J. Non-refillable bottle. Granted November 9, 1915 ,159,364, 1,159,365— Frederick W. de Jahn, assignor to General Chemical Co., New York, N. Y. Catalyst for the produc- tion of ammonia and process of making the same. 159,376 — Christian Hansen and Anotn Weindel, assignors to Syn- thetic Patents Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. Process for producing acetic acid from acetylene by electrolysis. ,159,394— Levi Roy Kissinger, Bu^alo, N. Y. Non-refillable bottle. 159,403— David Maron, assignor to Synthetic Patents Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. Diacidyldiaminophenol compounds. ,159,464— Harry P. Bassett, assignor to The Spar Chemical Co., Baltimore, Md. Process of recovering potash from potas- sium-iron silicates. 159,598— George P. Miller, Govans, Md. Bottle-filling machine. 159,698— Louis A. Miller, Kansas City, Mo. Protector for car- boys. ,159,735— John L. Beers, Jersey City, N. J. Label holder. 160,03fr-Emil G. Boerner, Washington, D. C. Device for sampl- ing, mixing, and blending granular substances. Granted November 16, 1915 160,413— Ray S. Kellogg, Norwalk, Ohio. Stirring device. 160,415— Henry C. Kestel, Toledo, Ohio. Labeling machine. ,160,501— Walter E. Foss and Charles B. Foss, Chicago, 111. Non-refillable bottle. ,160,571— Roscoe P. Buffington, Baltimore, Md. Bottle seal. 160,595— Reinhold Gruter and Heinrich Pohl, assignors to Chem- ische Werke vorm. Dr. Heinrich Byk, Lehnitz-Nordbahn, Germany. Process for the manufacture of esters of oxy fatty acids. ,160,865— Howard F. Ecker, Baltimore, Md. Non-refillable bottle. ,160,883— Walter Hamer, Sr. Salt Lake City, Utah. Medicine dropper. ,160,992— Istvan Bugarszky, Budapest, Austria-Hungary, assignor of one-third to Lajos Torok, Budapest, Austria-Hungary, and one-third to Dr. Kereszty, Dr. Wolf es Tsa Vegyeszeti Gyar, R. T., Ujpest, Austria-Hungary. Manufacture of a light-colored colloid having curative properties. F. Steams & Company's Advertising Campaign Frederick Stearns & Co., Detroit, Mich., manufacturer of Shac and Zymole Trokeys, has recently started a compre- hensive newspaper advertising campaign which will include large ads in newspapers of twenty-three of the more im- partant cities in the United States. In connection with this advertising, which, it is estimated, will be read by 18,000,000 people a week, the company is prepared to furnish novel and attractive window displays to retailers handling their goods. The new "triplet" package and the new display case fur- nished by the company are said to be big trade getters. Drug Store Uses Big "Ad" Space What is probably the largest advertising contract ever signed in Florida was signed recently by B. B. Freeland of the West Palm Beach Drug Company. The contract, which is effective November 1, calls for the usage of 15,000 inches of space in The Daily Tropical Sun, West Palm Beach, within one year. Last year Mr. Freeland signed a contract for 5,000 inches of space and the results were so beneficial that he decided to take three times the amount this year. 546 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [December, 1915 Books Reviewed SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY. Intended for the use of students in pharmacy, as a hand-book for pharmacists, and as a reference book for food and drug analysts and phar- macologists. By Henry Kraemer, Ph.B. (in chemistry), Ph.M. (in pharmacy), Ph.D. (in botany), professor of botany and phar- macognosy, and director of the microscopical laboratory, in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy; member of the executive committee of revision of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, etc. Illustrated with over 300 plates comprising about 1,000 figures. 8 vo., 857 pages, cloth, $5. Philadelphia. Published by the author. This is a companion volume to the author's "Applied and Economic Botany", reviewed in these columns some months ago, a -book which he states, should be used preparatory to taking up the pharmacognosy as considered in tlie work be- fore us. The term "pharmacognosy", as employed in this volume, is most comprehensive, the study beginning with the living plant and is not completed even when the drug reaches the retail pharmacist, as there are pharmacological questions which frequently await his solution. The domain of pharma- cognosy, because of the diversity of interests, is one of the most fascinating studies that can engage tlie attention of phar- macists. The author believes that it ought to be stimulating to the student, for in the meaning of the word is implied the thought that he desires to know drugs and to under- stand them from every angle. In this volume the drugs for study are arranged according to their families, the grouping of Engler & Prantl, followed by all writers of manuals of botany, being employed. The nomen- clature adopted is that of the same authorities, the Index Kewensis, and Robinson & Fernald's edition of Gray's Botany for plants growing in tlie United States. The text is very fully illustrated, a large proportion of the illustrations being reproductions of photographs and drawings made by the author. Included in the volume are descriptions of the more important animal drugs and a chapter on powdered drugs with a key for their identification. The book is a modern up-to-date presentation of pharmacognosy by a most successful teacher, and it should be in the hands of all pharmacists and officials who have anything to do with the determination of the identity and purity of botanical drugs. CHEMICAL CONSTITUTION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTION. By Dr Leopold Spiegel. Translated with additions from the German by C. Luedeking, Ph.D. (Leipsic), and A. C. Boylston, A.M. (Harvard). 12 mo., 155 pages, cloth, $1.25. New York, D. Van Nostrand Company. The relation between chemical constitution and physiologi- cal action is of such fundamental and far-reaching significance that a general idea of the work which has already been done should be of interest not only to the physiological chemist and to the searcher for new synthetic therapeutic agents, but also to the physician who must prescribe the use of such compounds. To this end this volume has been prepared, and we are sure that a careful study of the facts here presented will aid both physician and pharmacist in a more thorough understanding of the general considerations which tend to explain the relation between the use of therapeutic agents and their method of action. BACTERIOLOGICAL METHODS IN FOOD AND DRUG LAB- ORATORIF.S with an Introduction to Micro-analytical Methods. By Albert Schneider, M.D., Ph.D. (Columbia University), pro- fessor of pharmacognosy and bacteriology in the College of Pharmacy of the University of California, San Francisco 12 mo., 288 pages, 87 ill., 6 full-page plates. Cloth, $2.50. Phila- delphia. P. Blakiston's Son & Co. This volume is primarily intended as a guide to students who are interested in the bacteriological examination of foods and drugs, and according to the author, its use as a laboratory guide presupposes a thorough knowledge of general bacteri- ology. Because of the close relation between the work of the bacteriologist and that of the micro-analyst, these two branches should be combined in the most effectual co-operative man- ner, and this is what the author aims to present in this vol- ume. The first part contains an outline of the micro-analyti- cal methods in food and drug laboratories, such as the group- ing of the substances to be examined, the work of the_ micro- analyst in relationship to that of the chemist and bacteriologist, equipment for micro-analytical work, organoleptic testing, use- ful methods in examination, color reaction tests, making re- ports, etc. The second part of the work relates to bacteriological meth- ods in food and drug laboratories, direct examinations, numeri- cal limits of micro-organisms, quantitative estimations by cul- tural methods, preparation of cultural media, qualitative and quantitative estimations, evidence of sewage contamination, water analysis, examination of mineral waters, bacteriological examination of various food products, standardization of dis- infectants, determining the purity and quality of sera, bac- terins and related products, and special biological and toxicological tests. Among the interesting facts presented is the table showing the toxicity and germ destroying power of some of the more important disinfectants, the values given, according to the author, having been obtained from various sources and which in some instances require further verification. We note that corrosive sublimate is given a germ destroying power of 43.00 and a toxicity co-efficient of 3000, while mercuric chloride, which is given the same germ destroying power, is reported as having a toxicity co-efficient of 5000. The varia- tion is no doubt due to a typographical error which has been overlooked. The high regard in which Prof. Schneider is held by all conversant with his work as a teacher and bacteriologist is evidence, if any evidence be needed, that this volume will meet the conditions and serve the purpose for which it was prepared. THE ECONOMICS OF RETAILING. By Paul H. Nystrom, Ph.D., formerly assistant professor of political economy in the Univer- sity of Wisconsin and later, associate professor of economics in the University of Minnesota. 8 vo., 407 pages, cloth, $2. New York, The Ronald Press Company. This work, the author informs us, is the result of both ex- perience and study, and is intended as a text-book for the thoughtful merchant, the progressive employee, and for the student of retailing, whoever he may be. From a careful ex- amination of the various chapters we believe that it more than answers all of the claims he makes for it. The criticism too often made against books of this character is that they are largely based upon theoretical considerations and as such, do not correctly reflect actual existing conditions. Such a criticism cannot be maintained against the book before us, for it presents little theory, and advocates no particular or special method of doing the work of the retail store. It describes the retail business as it is, and attempts to point out the broad lines along which retail progress is being made. Every druggist and student of pharmacy should know some- thing of the fundamental principles underlying the science of retailing, and these cannot be formulated until we know the facts relating to distribution, consumption, etc. These the author has attempted to outline and the several subjects he has de- veloped in logical order, among the most important chapter headings being the following: Present status of retailing: ex- penses of retailing; work and wages of salespeople; location and rent in the retail business; how retail prices are fixed; department store; chain store systems; mail order houses; price-maintenance; buying at inside prices; the failure rate in the retail business; are there too many retail stores?; public regulation of the retail business; the ideal retailing system. The author's conclusions are sane and doubtless will merit the approval of all economists. It is probable, he states, that the greatest progress to come in retailing will not result from any readjustment brought about by public action, though this may be a necessary part of its evolution, but rather from a scientific study of the problem of distributing goods made by retailers and their salespeople themselves. He states that the costs of distribution are admittedly too high at present for the services performed. If these costs could be generally reduced, for example, as much as 2 per cent, it would mean a sa%'ing of from $200,000,000 to $300,000,000 annually to the United States alone. This saving would first take the form of added profits to the distributors but ultimately would go to the consumers as a whole. One of the most significant sentences in the whole book is the following: "One of the most vital effects to be hoped from a proper training of retailers is that they may in turn help consumers to become rational in their demands and wiser in tlieir purchases and consumption." SucJi a proceeding al the present time will doubtless be considered revolutionary by some, but tliere can be no doubt but tliat the trend of retail- ing practice is headed in the direction indicated. December, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 547 Analysis and Criticism of the "Cioldwater Ordinance" Continued from page $3^ of a municipality, — besides the injury to legitimate trade and legitimate remedies which they cause — can have the effect only to put off the day of real and thoroughgoing reform in the t manufacture and distribution of proprietary medicines. By such measures the people will be deluded into believing that they are being properly protected by the activities of a ' watchful health board, while the mail order faker whose busi- ness would be protected and aided, would be able to proclaim that no other or further legislation was necessary. 10. The ordinance entirely ignores the greatest evil connected with proprietary medicines, and with- ', out the correction of which no reformation of the business is possible. , The measure does not touch upon the subject of exaggerated and false advertising which, after all, constitutes the major evil connected with the proprietary medicine business. The really dangerous or entirely fraudulent preparations constitute a comparatively small proportion of the total num- ^ ber of proprietary remedies on tie market, and these belong largely to the mail order class previously referred to. Most of the proprietaries which have enjoyed a long continued ^ and steady sale at the drug stores are prepared in close ac- [ cordance with formulas to be found in nearly every accepted 1 authority on therapeutics and medical practice, and are really [ useful remedies in the treatment of the ailments for which I they were originally devised. We cannot deny the useful- r ness of such preparations unless we also deny the authorities I from which the graduate physician gets his therapeutic in- f formation. I The principal evil connected with this class of remedies, as I found by the British Parliamentary Committee, after a lengthy p and elaborate investigation, and as confirmed by experience in this covmtry, is that they are commonly advertised in ex- I travagant terms, or make promises of cures that cannot be performed. This extravagant advertising and the making of unwar- ' ranted therapeutic claims is the basic evil of the proprietary ■ medicine business of to-day, and any legislation which does not touch this evil might as well be left unenacted. 11. Effectual Federal legislation must come first. I Under our dual, or rather multiple form of government, the only possible effective control of the proprietary medicine busi- '" ness is that which will begin with a Federal enactment limit- \ ing and defining the character of proprietary medicines which may be advertised and transported in interstate commerce, ' this to be then supplemented by state and municipal enact- ^ ments, based upon the Federal law, and covering the ' field of intra-state and municipal trade, into which a Federal r law may not intrude. |l The Federal law must come first, and when it does come f-' it should not simply confer upon some board or official the » dangerous power to arbitrarily approve or disapprove the rem- 1 edies or treatment of one school of medicine in preference to i" another, but the law should itself fix the standard of such remedies, defining what they may or may not contain, and r what they may not be sold for. If such definitions or limi- J tations are not correctly fixed at first their faults will be j quickly made manifest and can be corrected, but if the sole decision as to what constitutes a proper remedy be left to * the discretion of a single board or official we may expect end- ,' less litigation and endless confusion and dissatisfaction. If the Goldwater ordinance adds nothing to the existing • law, except to give the Health Department authority to in- quire into and preserve the secrets of a manufacturer, it can i have no effect except to discourage the sale of useful remedies by retail druggists and promote the sale of those furnished by mail order houses. On the other hand, if taken in connection J with some other existing law or ordinance, it will give the I Department or Commission of Health the power to arbitrarily V decide upon the merits of the remedies or treatments of [ different schools of medicine, it is so dangerous that I believe y the retail druggists and people of New York City would be I justified in resorting to any measures which law-abiding citi- I zens may use to secure its prompt repeal or its nullification f by the courts. 1 i German Apothecaries Vote to Send Money to Needy Pharmacists .A.t the regular monthly meeting of the German Apothe- caries Society, held at the headquarters of the association on November 4, a large part of the time was given to the dis- cussion of the needs of the pharmacists in Germany. It was voted to send $50 by the American Physicians' Expedition to the aid of the destitute families of Austrian pharmacists at the front. On motion of Charles W. Roux the society de- cided to subscribe 5,000 marks to the German war loan. A letter was read from the Austrian Red Cross Society ex- pressing thanks for aid in the way of pharmaceutical sup- plies which had been sent by the association. S. V. B. Swann, chairman of the legislative committee, called attention to the various Harrison law decisions and the formula disclosure law of the New York Board of Health. Prof. Otto Raubenheimer, chairman of the scientific com- mittee, reported on the progress of the National Formulary. C. N. Lehman reported on the convention of the New York State Pharmaceutical Association and it was urged that those who had not already done so should join the state associa- tion at once. Emil Roller called attention to the fact that the 100th anniversary of the birth of Herman Hager is to be cele- brated on January 3, at which time Prof. Raubenheimer will deliver a lecture on his life and works. Resolutions of sympatliy were extended to the friends and relatives of the late Herman Ridder, editor of the New Yorker-Staats-Zeitung. The following were appointed as a nominating committee by the president : C. F. Schleussner, Otto P. Gilbert, George Bums, Emil Roller and H. H. Blomeir. On the evening of November 11 the members and friends of the society visited the Irving Place theatre, where they heard the operette "Hoheit Tanzt Walzer." After the opera lunch was served in the rooms of the society. The guests of the evening were Captain Rehm of the steamer Barbarossa, which took the apothecaries on their trip to Europe last year, Ernest Haeseler, an apothecary of Tsingtau, and Hans Mahler, an apothecary formerly stationed in the Philippines. Mooney-Mueller and Ward Drug Houses are Consolidated A letter sent to the Indiana drug trade a few weeks ago announced the consolidation of the Mooney-Mueller Drug Co. and the Ward Bros. Drug Co., both of Indian- apolis, Ind., as the Mooney-Mueller Co. The merger is now effective, the new company having been incorporated with $250,000 capital to engage in the wholesale drug busi- ness with William J. Mooney, J. George Mueller, and Marion Ward, all of Indianapolis, as directors. The principal field of the new company's business operations will be in In- diana, Ohio and Illinois. The officers of the new company are: President, William J. Mooney; vice-president, C. S. Dearborn; secretary-treasurer, J. George Mueller, and chairman of the board of directors, Marion Ward. The Mooney-Mueller Co. was organized in 1902, the Ward Bros. Drug Co. having been organized in 1876. The com- pany's business will be conducted from 101-103-105 South Meridian street, Indianapolis. THE PHYSICIAN'S VISITING LIST (Lindsay & Blakiston's) for 1916, Philadelphia. P. Blakiston's Son & Co. This is the 6Sth year of the publication of this List, a work that has been recognized and accepted by more than one generation of practitioners. Like that of previous years, this List is furnished in three editions, regular, perpetual and monthly, ranging in price from $1.25 to $2.50, according to style and size. Besides the blank leaves for visiting list, memoranda, addresses, accounts, obstetric and vaccination en- gagements, records of births, death, etc., there are many tables relating to incompatibilities, signs, poisoning, weights and measures, doses, quarantine measures, etc., which are likely to prove useful to the busy physician. 548 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [December, 1915 THE DRUG MARKETS BROMIDES REACH NEW HIGH LEVELS Possibility of Closing Suez Canal to Commerce Affects Quotations on Ear and Near East Drug Products New York, Nov. 20 — General conditions in the market are said to be fair, with some lines showing gains, although there is a tendency on the part of many buyers to restrict their purchases to current requirements only. Dealers are figuring in ounces where they formerly dealt in pounds. This at- titude has not been without effect upon speculators and as a result, freer offerings are reported in certain lines, as well as shght declines in prices. The greatest interest during the last few days has been centered in the advancing tendency of all products of the Far East, owing to reports that the Suez Canal might be closed to commerce. Among the drugs likely to be affected in price and supply by closing the Canal are cardamoms, cannabis indica, cassia fistula, oil of sesame, castor oil, croton oil, senna, asafetida, ammoniac, catechu, oil of cajuput, nux vomica, sandalwood, kamala, cubebs, ben- zoin and various spices. The position of quinine sulphate has furnished one of the spectacular features of the period under review, which, until a few days ago, advanced in an unbroken upward movement to more than $2, the market being in the hands of specu- lators entirely. A let-up in the consuming demand and other causes were responsible for an easier feeling and quotations began to slump. A strong speculative interest in bromides has also forced prices for these salts to new high levels. Opium is also advancing, the principal factor being the de- cided shortage of stocks. Other price revisions show a sharp rise in acetphenetidin, while phenol and the various products derived therefrom, as benzoic acid, salicylic acid and their salts, are all higher. Other advances are reported for caffeine, codeine, beechwood creosote, menthol, morphine, oils of wintergreen, juniper berries, artificial mustard, pepper- mint, rose and spearmint; potassium salts, particularly the nitrate, permanganate, yellow and red prussiates. Santonine is also higher. A few declines of importance are noted. Curacao aloes is lower, as also berberine sulphate, long buchu leaves, carda- mom seed, cerium oxalate, elaterium, Russian ergot, guaiac resin and hexamethylenamine. Cod liver oil is quotably lower, due to recent arrivals of supplies. Citric acid is still main- tained at last month's quotations, while tartaric acid shows a further slight gain. That there is a shortage of many supplies is generally conceded by most dealers, but no actual figures showing the actual shortage of any item are available. This absence of information is no doubt a salient factor in sustaining the firmness in values. Opium— No new crop is moving from Turkey and Mace- donia, and imports to this market have practically ceased. This condition, coupled with an active demand from ex- porters, serves to hold supplies witliin narrow compass on the spot and prices have been advanced to $10.75 @$n for natural, $12@$12.50 for granulated, and $11.75@$12.25 for U.S.P. powdered. Morphine — In sympathy with the market for opium job- bers have advanced their quotations for this alkaloid and its salts, as follows: Alkaloid, pure in ^-oz. vials, $7.35@$7.50; acetate, ^-oz. vials, $7.3S@$7.50; hydrobromide, ^-oz. vials, $6@$6.50; hydrochloride, ^-oz. vials, $6@$6.50; sulphate, 1-oz. vials, $6@$6.35; "^-oz. vials, per ounce, $6.10@$6.40; valer- ate, %-oz. vials, $6.10@$6.40. Manufacturers report demands for domestic consumption light, but there is considerable buy- ing for foreign account. Quinine — -During the past week there has been a lessening demand and the lack of speculative operations on the part of second hands has influenced an easier undertone to the market. There has also been a decrease in the export buying movement, and this with the arrivals of quinine from London has aided in the easing Of quotations. While domestic man- ufacturers continue to quote regular customers .'^O cents an oimcc on the bulk basis of 100-oz. tins, jobbers are quoting from 60c to $1.90 per ounce in 100-oz. tins for sulphate, 65cC«'$1.9.=i in 5-oz. tins, and 70c@$2 in 1-oz. vials. A revision of the schedules for the alkaloid and salts of quinine other than sulphate shows the following prices: Alkaloid, 90c@$l ; ace- tate, 86c@$1.02; bisulphate, 70c@90c; carbolate, 84c@$l; hydrobromide, 90c@$1.05; hydrochloride, 90c@$1.05; lactate, 83c@90c; salicylate, 86c@$1.00, and valerate, 95c@$1.03 per ounce, respectively. Higher prices also obtain for cinchoni- dine and cinchonine, which are quoted as follows: Cin- chonidine, alkaloid, $1.05@$1.15; sulphate, 70c@85c; cin- chonine sulphate, 18c@20c; salicylate, 2Sc@30c. Cinchona bark is held at the prices quoted last month. Caffeine — The scarcity of supplies is still making itself felt and this basic product has been advancing for some weeks. Jobbers are now quoting $13@$14 per pound for pure and 80c@90c per ounce for the hydrochloride (true salt). Citrated is somewhat easier and is obtainable at $7@$7.SO per pound. Menthol — Is strongly held and quoted at $3.60@$3.80 per pound. CarSolic Acid — This product still continues in active de- mand with higher prices ruling in a jobbing way. Crystal in bulk is quoted at $2@$2.25 per pound; 10 to 15-lb. cans; $2.05@$2.25, and 1-lb. bottles at $2.10@$2.35. Bromides — All of these salts have become so scarce that the market is largely in control of speculators who have raised prices to an abnormal level. Changes in quotations are as follows: Ammonium, $5@$5.75; potassium, $5.50@$6; sodi- um, $5.50@$6; strontium, $5.70@$6. Bromine is almost un- obtainable at any figure. Alcohol — The increased activity in this product is due to the heavy contracts placed with distillers by foreign con- sumers and a scarcity of spot stocks has caused an advance in quotations to these figures: Cologne spirit, 95%, U.S. P., bbl., $2.64 per gallon; less, $2.78@$2.88 per gallon; commer- cial, 95%, U.S.P., bbl., $2.60 per gallon; less, $2.70@S2.83 per gallon; denatured, bbl. and 14 bbl., 47c@52c per gallon; methylic (wood), bbl., 53c@70c per gallon; less, 60c@75c per gallon. AcETPHENETiDiNE — An extreme scarcity is reported for this official antipyretic, and prices have advanced to $18@$20 per pound. Salicylic Acid — In sympathy with the advance in phenol and other salicylates, this article holds a stronger position and jobbers quote $4.30@$4.40 in 1-lb. cartons, and $4.25@ $4.35 in bulk. Correspondingly higher prices are noted for the following salicylates: Lithium, $4@$6 per pound; sodium, $4.2S@$4.50. Salol — For similar reasons this article has been advanced to $8.75@$10 per pound. There is also a scarcity of sup- plies and steady inquiries are reported. Salicin — Continues to advance and quotations show a wide range, $4.65@$7.20 per pound. OxAiic Acid — \ strong demand and scarcity of stock has caused jobbers to mark up their quotations to 56c@62c per pound for crystal, and 62c@68c for powdered. Vanilla Be.-vns — A strong buying movement on the part of extract manufacturers with reports of only moderate stocks on hand has caused a revision of prices showing a strong upward tendency for all varieties, Mexican, long, being held at $4.75@$5.75; cuts at $3.75@$4.25, and Bourbon at $3.75(fr $4.25 per pound, respectively. Bay Rum — Is quotably higher, Porto Rican being ad- vanced to $1.70@$1.75 per gallon by the barrel, and $1.90(3' $2.15 for less. Buchu Leaves — Long are in better supply and lower at $1.40@$1.45 for whole, and $1.50@$1.60 for powdered. Cacao Butter — A strong active demand is reported both for domestic consumption and export, and jobbing prices have been advanced to 45c@50c per lb. for Dutcii: 50(n55c for Huyler's in 12-lb. boxes, and 44c@48c for Maillard's. Chloral Hydrate— .V material reduction in the available supply and a renewal of active inquiries are chiefly respon- sible for the advance in values, and prices have been marked up to $2.10(0 per pound. December, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 549 Copaiba — A depletion of spot stocks and absence of recent supplies have caused holders to mark up their prices on all varieties, South American being held at 50c@S8c, and Para at 48c@56c per pound. Creosote— Beechwood is higher at $4.50@$4.75 per pound. Ergot — Notwithstanding stronger reports from foreign prim- ary sources, Russian is held at 90c@$l per pound for whole, and $1@$1.10 for powdered. Ginger — Cable reports indicate new crop positions are steadily advancing and prices tend to higher levels. Prices locally have been advanced for Jamaica bleached to 28c@ 30c; ground, 30c@32c, and powdered, 32c@34c. HEXAMZTirvi,EX.A.MiXE — Is in better supply and lower at $1.10@$1.35 per pound. Hydrogen Peroxide — Scarcity of barium peroxide, the basic material, and an increased demand have caused a strong advance in the price of this preparation which is now quoted at 30c@35c per pound for medicinal, and 18c@ 25c for technical. Ipec\C — All varieties are strongly held, London cables re- porting a marked advance of the drug and an absence of emetine in that market, owing to war demand. Jobbers hold Cartagena at $2.75@$2,85. and Rio at $3.25@?3.60 for whole, and $3.50@$3.75 for powdered. Licorice — Continues to advance with Corigliana a.uoted at 42cr?.S0c; mass at 41c@4Sc, and powdered at 45c@56c per pound. Chlorinated Ltme — Larger sales booked for account of domestic and export buyers have stimulated an upward trend of the market, and bulk prices have been advanced to 5c@ 7c per pound. Cod 'Liver On. — Norwegian is in somewhat better supply, and a revision of prices shows a slight decline in barrel lots which are held at $80@$95 per barrel; half-barrels, $43. Newfoundland is o.uoted at about $63@$67 per barrel. Essentlvl Oils — \ growing scarcity for many members of this group has caused a general upward tendency in prices, some of the more marked advances being as follows: Oil of bitter almond, without acid, $12(g$13 per pound; caraway, $2.38@S2.52; cloves, S1.40@$1.50 per pound; coriander, 90c @$1; fennel seed, pure, $3.75@$4; juniper berries, S2.50@ $2.70; lemon, S1.30@$1.40; essential oil of mustard, 65c@75c per ounce; artificial, S9@$10 per pound; orange, sweet, $2 @$2.40; pennyroyal, $2@$2.40: peppermint. New York, $2.20 @$2.35; Hotchkiss. $2.75@$3,05, Western, $2.10@$2.30; rose, Kissanlik, S9.50@$12 per ounce; English sandalwood, $7(3) $7.73; spearmint, $1.8S@$2, and wintergreen, $4.75@$5.25; synthetic, $4@$4.35, Vecet.\ble Oils — Most of these oils show an upward ten- dency with prices quoted as follows: Benne (sesame), im- ported, $1.25@$1.35 per gallon; .American castor oil 13^^c @lS5^c per pound; boiled linseed, 63c@75c: raw linseed, 62cfS;75c per gallon; salad. Union Oil Co., 75crfl90c per gallon. P.\R.^LDEHYDE — A revision of prices shows a decline to $2@ $2.25 per pound. Pleumsy Root — Is higher at 2Sc@30c for whole, and 3Sc @40c for powdered. Potassium Salts — The scarcity of supplies and reports that there will soon be no large offerings of some of these salts are responsible for most of the advances shown in the fol- lowing quotations: Bicarbonate, 50c@55c; bichromate, 32c(®36c; carbonate f pearl ash), 28c@45c; refined (sal tartar), 4Scfffi5Sc ; chlorate. 50c@5Sc; powdered, 51c(g56c; purified and gran., 5Sc(® 66c; nitrate, 38c@42c; powdered, 39c@4?r: C P , AOr (7j 4Sc; per- manganate, S1.55@$1.65; pure, $1.60^; .5 1 Tn; r.russiate, red, $3.75@S4; prussiate, yellow, 90c@$1.10; t^rtrntc f -oluble tar- tar), 75c@85c. Resorctn — Pure white is in demand and scarce with prices marked up to $8(S$10 per pound. Dog Grass — This root continues in greatly reduced supply, with no immediate prospect of replenishment. Jobbers have advanced quotations on cut root to 85c@9Sc per pound. Bismuth Salts — A pronounced scarcity exists for the basic metal and manufacturers have advanced prices for salts and preparations. The new schedule is as follows: Beta-naph- thoiate (orphol), 80c per ounce; bromide, 35c per ounce; salicylate, 65%, $4@$4.20 per pound; 40%, $3.55@$3.75; subgallate, $3.85 @$4; subnitrate, $4@$4.20 per pound, re- spectively. Liquid Storax — Smaller supplies and larger inquiries have created a firmer feeling for this article and quotations have been advanced to 40c@50c per pound. Zinc Stearate — This product, owing to the increased cost of crude materials, is quoted at from 25c@3Sc per pound, ac- cording to quantity. Manufacturers state that its use is rapidly increasing, especially in the preparation of toilet powders, as it is very light in bulk, varying from 325 to 350 cc. to the avoirdupois ounce. It is insoluble in water, alco- hol and ether. "Humid-a-Gars" for Drug Stores The fountain Specialty Company, of Grand Haven, Mich., recently issued an attractive booklet describing their complete line of "Humid-A-Gars" for use in drug stores, restaurants, lunch rooms, etc. The booklet, which is printed on a heavy cream paper with illlutrations of the various pieces of ap- paratus, sets forth the various advantages to the retailer of being able to offer his customers a cigar in perfect condition. The "Humid-A-Gars" built by this company, are made in sections of seal tight, opal compartments, pure white inside and finished in grained woods with German silver fastenings outside. These "Humid-A-Gars" are scientifically constructed so that a perfect even degree of moisture may be maintained at all times. There are compartments for the display of cigars, cigarettes and pipes and ample store room for extra stock in the base of the cabinet. The standard size "Humid-A-Gar" is ten feet long with five compartments and the smallest size made is the "Humid-A-Gar Junior" of one small com- partment. It is estimated from the Internal revenue receipts that the average expenditures for cigars and cigarettes in this country is $25 for each male citizen. Cigar buyers are generally hard to please and in order to build up a business the druggist must be prepared to offer his goods in as fine a condition as they can be obtained at the regular cigar stores. Pushing San-Tox Preparations The DePree Chemical Company, Chicago, 111., is carrying on an extensive campaign to interest the druggist in the estab- lishment of San-Tox agencies in all the important cities and towns of the country. In order that their line may be more forcibly impressed upon the minds of the public and that the druggist may have a sign which will identify his store as the San-Tox agency, the company has adopted the picture of an attractive young woman in a nurse's cap and gown as the symbol of their goods. San-Tox agencies are placed only in drug stores of the highest standard. Prevention of Corrosive Sublimate Poisoning Under the above caption the Pharmazeutische ZentralhaUe , of June 17, 1915, makes the following comment: "In order to prevent poisoning by corrosive sublimate tablets, which to prevent poisoning by corrosive sublimate tablets, which may occur when such tablets are mistaken for other tablets. Sharp & Dohme of New York and Baltimore have worked out a novel idea which is well worth receiving attention. Under the name Threaded Bichloride Tablets they have placed on the market corrosive sublimate tablets which are strung at intervals on a thread similar to a chain of pearls. In ad- dition to this the pastilles have a clover-shaped form. In German the arrangement might be termed "aufgereihte" (strung) corrosive sublimate pastilles." Sale of Poisons — Ant Poisons Section 7 of the California Poison Act of 1907 was amended in 1913 by adding to the schedule of poisons which may not be dispensffl f\(r],t by a duly registered pharmacist, ant poison contn in iiiL' ,in\' nf the poisons enumerated in the sched- ule. It is li'M th:it under the act as thus amended such ant poison may not be sold by grocers and dealers generally, as the Legislature evidently recognized the existence of two classes of ant poisons, some of which do and others of which do not contain the poisons enumerated in section 7. (Ex parte Pot- ter (Cal.) 146 Pac. 62.) 550 THE PHAEIVIACEUTICAL ERA [December, 1915 Index to Advertisers, page 26 Index to Goods Advertised, pages 27-28-29-30 Index to Text Pages Abstracts, Foreign, 525. Acid, Acetic, External Applica- tion, 518. Acid, Acetic, Glacial, Applica- tion, 518. Acid, Phosphoric, Volumetric Determination, 525. Acid Solutions, Standard, Prep- aration, 525. Acid, Trichloracetic, Uses, 518. Advertisers Who Antagonize the Trade, 523. Alacan, Miss Sylvia C, 522. Alcohol, Solidified, 517. Allcott, Joseph M., 531. Alpers, Wm. C, 509. Ammonium. Ichthosulphonate, 517. Anderson, Dr. J. F., 509. Associations, Clubs, etc.— American Pharmaceutical, 542 Baltimore Branch, 537. Cincinnati Branch, 537. Nashville Branch, 537. New York Branch, 536, Northwestern Branch, 535. Philadelphia Branch, 537. Washington Branch, 536. Chicago Woman's Pharmaceu- tical, 522. German Apothecaries, 547. King's Co. Pharm., Soc, 534. Metropolitan District Inde- pendent Retailers, 534. Metropolitan Retail Druggists, S34. National Boards of Pharmacy, 526. New York Pharmaceutical Conference, 533. Phi Delta Chi, Alpha Chapter, 541. Proprietary of America, 533. W. O. N. A. R. D. Boston Chapter, 522. Louisville Chapter, 522. Astley, Saruh J., 532. Bacon, Frank W., 532. Bailey, Willis N., 532. Ballou, William H., 532. Beal, James H., 509. Beringer, George M. 509. Berlin Laboratory, Ltd., 532. Boards of Pharmacy- Colorado, 540. Illinois, 539. Maryland, 540. Massachusetts, 540. Mississippi, 540. Missouri, 540. New Jersey, 540. New York, 539. Ohio, 539. Pennsylvania, 539. Texas, 540. Washington, 540. Wisconsin, 539. Bodjsmann, Wilhelm, 509. Books Reviewed— Kraemer, Scientific and Ap- plied Pharmacognosy, 546. Nystrora, The Economics of Physicians' Visiting List, 1916, 547. Retailing, 546. Schneider, Bacteriological Methods in Food and Drug Laboratories, 546. Spiegel, Chemical Constitution and Physiological Action, 546. Bourjois & Co., Inc., A., 522. Buzzell, Arthur D.. 529. Callahan, Edward H., 532. Camera and Photo Supplies, 527. Camphor, Artificial vs. Syn- thetic, 517. Chang, Miss Mary, 529. Chocolates, Apollo, 524. Cider, Imitation, 518. Clerks, Service, 519. C csing, Early, Movement, 530. Cohen, Dr. S. Solis, 509. Cc lieges of Pharmacy — Highland Park, 541. Iowa University, 541. Jersey City, 540. Michigan University, 541. Montana University, S41. New York, 542. Ontario, 541. Cone, James W., 532. Cream of Wheat Co., 530. Diehl, C. Lewis, 508. Donaghy, William, 532. Duerfeldt, H. G., 528. Editorials— A Commercial Revenue Tax, 505. Annual Preview Number of the Soda Fountain, 505. Index to Volume XLVIII, 505. Only Five Friends, 505. The Big Drug Merger, 503. The New Pharmacopoeia, 504. Emerson, Charles B., 532. Essence, Cider, Imitation, 518. Fariss, John B., 532. French, J. Graham, 530. Frost, Quincy W., 529. Getman, George T., 529. Glucosides, Recent Studies, 525. Goldwater Ordinance, A Criti- cism, 509. Good, Brent, 531. Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co., 530. Hegeman & Riker Co., 511. Hemtzelman, Dr. Joseph A., Henneberg, Harry E., 530. Herty, Dr. Charles H., 529. Holzer, Dr. C. A., 532. Ichthyol, Manufacture, 517. Ingram, Frederick F., 541. Injections, Water Error, 525. Jackman, Wilber F., 541. Jordan, C. D., 529. Kane, Mrs. Esther M., 521. Kosczewski, Sylvester, 529. Kraemer, Henry, 509. LaWall, Charles H., 508. Lee, Dr. Walter E., 522. Lewis, Thomas, 532. Liggett, Louis K., 529. Lowell, Luzerne D., 532. Luminosity, Barium and Stron- tium Thiosulphates, 517. Lyons, Dr. A. B., 509. McAdoo, Secretary William G., 516. McConnell, Major Charles H., 528. Making Goods Move, 514. Mansz, Daniel H., 532. Manufacturer's Right to Sell, 530. Marble Stains, Removing, 518. Market Report, 548. Meldola, Prof. Raphael, 531. Metchnikoff, Prof. Eli, 532. Meyer Bros. Drug Co., 532. Miller, C. J., 520. Moddy, Fred., 529. Mollett, Charles E. F., 541. Mooney-Mueller Co., 547. Mowrer, James M., 530. National Formulary, New Fea- tures, 536. New York Ordinance, Opinions, 533. Obituaries, 531. Ointment, Ammoniated Mercury, 525. Owl Drug Co., 519. Paint, Phosphorescent, 517. Patents, Trademarks, etc., 545. Personals, 528. Peyton, Frank R., 532. Pharmacopoeia, Ninth Revision, 507. Pharmacopoeial Revision, How Conducted. 535. Phenalgin, Therapeutic Uses, Phonographs Profitable, 520. Plants, Medicinal, Montana, 541. Prescription, Dr. Jacobi's, 526. Prescott Scholarship Cup, 541. Price Maintenance Law Urged. 534. Question Box, 517. Raubenheimer, Otto, 509. Registration, Reciprocal, Gain- ing, 526. Remington, Prof. Joseph P., 507. Retailer, Why He Boosts or "Knifes" a Brand, 523. Richards, Prof. Theodore W., 528. Rideout, A. F., 532. Riker & Hegeman Co., 513. Ropes, George F., 532. Rosengarten, George D., 509. Ryan, A. J., 530. Salvarsan Injections, Water Error, 525. Santa Claus is Coming (Car- toon), 506. Schatz. Miss Emilia, 522. Schrank, Henry C, 530. Schieffelin, Dr. William Jay, 529. Sea Dr. Joseph M., 531. Selling Efficiency of Chain Stores, 519. Shafer, William, 529. Siller, Charles, 532. Smith, Miss Viola L., 521. Solution, Mendell's, 518. Solutions, Iron Chloride, Acid- ity, 525. Solutions, Normal Acid, Prep- aration, 525. Stains on Marble, Removing, 518. Sternberg, Brig.-Gen. George M., 531. Stevens, Prof. A. B., 509, 541. Stevenson, J. R. D., 529. Strauss, George, 531. Suppositories, Boroglyceride, 518. Tax, Commercial Revenue, 516. Tax Measures Suggested to Con- gress, 516. Thompson, Harry B., 533. Thurston, Azor, 541. Tincture Iodine, Ammonia Water and Collodion, 535. Tooth Paste, 518. United Drug Co., 511. Weatherhead Drug Co., 527. Wetterstroem, Theodore W., 530. Whelplev, Dr. H. M., 535. White, T. Leyden, 529. Wilev, Dr. H. W.. 509. Williams, Edward, 529. Withington, M. E., 532. Women in Pharmacy, 521. Wood, Dr. H. C, Jr., 508. HYGIENIC LABORATORY BULLETIN No. 101. Treasury De- partment, United States Public Health Service. 8 vo., 78 pages, Washington Government Printing Office. This bulletin contains the results of various investigations conducted by members of tlie laboratory corps of the Public Health .Service, the subjects covered being : I, Complement fixa- tion in tuberculosis, by A. A. Stimson ; II, Report of an in- vestigation of diphtheria carriers, by Joseph Goldberger, C. L. Williams and F. W. Hachtell; III, the excretion of thymol in the urine, by Atherton Seidell; IV, The sterilization of den- tal instruments, by H. E. Hasseltine; V, A modification of Rose's method for the estimation of pepsin, by Maurice H. Givens. WELLCOME PHOTOGRAPHIC EXPOSURE RECORD AND DIARY, 1916. .'Vs a concise encyclopcedi • of photographic information this little volume maintains the high standard of former years, and the subjects considered enibrai r :i wide range of endeavor, covering simple routine operatioiK i< w.ll ;m dcvrlopnicnts in the region of higher photogr:i|.li\ rini,. it r..nt:iins infor- mation on photography by night ami tlu- loncrt quantities of flashlight powder; on green or sepia, or blue toning of bro- mides, or warm tones on gaslight papers; on time and factorial development, the intensification of color plates, exposures for interiors, the speeds of bromide papers, the staining of prints, etc. There are also many instructive tables, simple formulas, and a multitude of useful hints. FLxed to the back cover is the "Wellcome Exposure Calculator", an ingenious device which by a single turn of the scale, gives the correct exposure of any plate or film at any time of day or year. The book is issued in wallet form with pencil, and may be obtained of all jihotographic dealers and booksellers. Price in the United States, 50 cents. Toxicity of Arsenic Compounds — .Arsenous acid was shown to be more toxic than arsenic acid, in the ratio of 10 to 6, when tested by intravenous in- jection of the sodium compounds in rabbits On the iso- lated frog heart arsenous acid is 300 times more poisonotis than arsenic acid. It is probable that the toxicity of arsenic acid is not inherent in that substance itself, but is occasioned by a previous reduction to arsenous acid. ( Toachimoglu, Bio- chem. Zeitschr., 1915, p. 144.) The Ex-Lax Manufacturing Co. has removed its Chicago office from 29-31 DeKalb avenue to 208 North Fifth avenue. ^Iay, 1915] THE PIIAmiACEUTICAL ERA The Editor's Page 1 The cork industry is one of the thriving trades of Spain '1 /;/s for shipment. lustration shozvs the trimming and packing of cork THIS page in the Era has been set aside for a particular purpose — as a means of telling you each month the especially good and instructive things that are in store for .vou in fu- tiii-i' issues of this publication. The busy reader is likely to escape some things that are of more than ordinary value. For exam- ple, every druggist is, or should be, eager for all • • information he can get at the pre.sent time live to the narcotic laws. During the past two months the Era has cx- hiiiistively treated the national legislation, known as the Harri.son anti-narcotic bill, and in this issue ten pages are devoted to the state laws, which in a measure conflict with the federal regulations. That feature alone makes the 'Slay issue of the Era invaluable to every retail druggist. * * * f\S pages 235 and 236 is a brief report of the ^ convention of the ^fanufacturing Rerfumers' As.sociation. In addition (page 219) there is an excellent article by A. 'SI. Spiehler. president of that association, written especially for the Era, in which Mr. Spiehler discusses the future of Ameri- can-made perfumes and toilet preparations. Every druggist has many customers wlin will not buy ^lade-in-America perfumes ;iiilc \ women cniilitnn ferior pi'iidiii-i I Til ai1i.-li- ill llrl, aiigs' Fixtures, with the result of more th;iti dou.hliiig his business in three years' time. At present, notwithstanding the pre- vailing general business depression and the !-ecent location of a big cut price chain drug store very near to him, he states that for lack of room to expand he is obliged to turn cus- tomers away nearly every day. We believe the store of this druggist is the liest equipped and unqiiestionably he does the biggest business in that city — a])i)r()xiinately one hundred and fifty thousand dollars per year. In sniiic i'('S|)ccts this is admittedly a rather unusual case, liul thai T>aiii;'s Equipment is i-egularly larudy inci'casinti- the income of tlidusaiids of (liMiii'iiisls ill nearly all parts of the I'mtnl Stalls is not at all unusual, as (•\ ('n a casual in\ i's1 lual iossi income. How well Bangs has succeeded in this di- rection may best be determined by the large number of conspicuously successful druggists who are so profitably using Bangs Fixtures. There is no mystery or secret about the method by which Bangs has produced the.se wonderful business building results, it is simply a matter of extremely effective ad- vertising by means of substantial and digni- fied equipment possessing marked individu- ality. Bangs' unquestioned ability as a specialist in this particular work is the result of many years of practical training, experience and concentrated study of the advertising prob- lems of the retail druggist. Because of the very noticeable appearance of superiority of all the Bangs Fixtni-es and the almost universal and remarkable pros- perity of druggists whose stores are equipped witli them, some men have feared that an iiivestiiient in Bangs Fixtures nmst neces- .sarily l)e large, but sucli is by no means the case. A complete Bangs EquipnuMit may Iv lind for the investment of a few hundred dol- lars, and in some styles and in very large stiires it may require several thousands, but to e,|uip ,\our store with Bangs Fixtures, re- gardless of size or amount invested, means to gain absolute protection against all uncertain- ties as to quality, appearance and profitable results from the investment. If you need more income put your i)rolileiM uj) to Bangs. I C. H. Bangs Druggists' Fixture Co. | I p. O. BOX 2924 - - BOSTON, MASS. | iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Vol. XLVIII New York December 1915 Number 12 29'rH Year Established 1887 D. O. Hi^YNES 6c Co. Publishers No. 3 Park Place New York SUBSCRIPTION RATES: U.S., Cuba and Mexico $1.00; Canada $1.50; Foreign $2.00 a Year. IS cents a Copy. m Peptonising Tubes FAIRCHILD Fcr preparing PEPTONISED MILK and other piedigested foods by the "Fairchild" methods Boxes containing one doz. Tubes, Retail Price 50c. FAIRCHILD BROS. & FOSTER New York ALCOHOL We Quote F. O. B. Chicago or New York ADDRESS JAMES A. WEBB (El SON 50 and 52 STONE ST.. Hanover Square, NEW YORK PERFECT MEDICINES are only to be obtained by using perfect powders for perc«ation. This means an elimination of all matter of foreign nj^ure from crude drugs. Give Our Pobvderj^ for 'Percolation a Trial TTNIFORMITY :: STRENGTH :: PURITY GILPIN, LANGDON & CO., Inc. BALTIMORE, MD. NEW-SKIN Newskin Company, 98-100 Grand Ave., Brooklyn, New York NEW PACKAGE Phenolax Wafers 30 in the bottle Your Jobber has them $2.00 the doz. Packages We make the finest quality of gum. Spe Peppermint. All flavors. All Sizes. Att packages. Direct factory prices. Your own bra nrl if you say so. Write for illustrated catalog and price list. THE HELMET CHEWING GUM CO., 45 Helmet Bldg., Clncintiati, 0. YES- we can sell Absorbent Cotton of HIGH QUAL- ITY at prices that DEFY COMPETITION. BECAUSE-^l-H^orV^'n'rS factory in the world and our complete facilities keep prices small as the output grows. :ke our word for it- post card brings samples and positive proof. WRITE IT NOW! MAPLEWOOD MILLS FALL RIVER MASS. DON'T- PHARMACEUTICALS at Best Discount E^jI^^ Specify Through / Your J obber ELI LILLY & COMPANY TRADE MARK SWANSON'S 5 -DROPS For Rheumatism, Neuralgia and Kindred Aliments It will pay you to keep it in stock. You can safely recommend it. For Sile by your jobber. Send to us for booklei ind Advertisine Matter. SWANSON RHEUMATIC CURE CO.. NEWARK. OHIO A Thing of Beauty A Perfect Seal A Sanitary Covering THE AMERICAN PAPER BOTTLE-CAP EVER TRY IT.> Manufactured by Sayford Paper Specialty Co. VINELAND, N. J. KAOLIN MERCK Send for Leaflets Stock it NOW I millllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllltllllli: The Sign of Safety = is the = "LEAPING DOLPHIN" E On rod, on reel, or hook, = or line, in city, town, or in s camp, it's the sign that 5 nothing will "come loose" S S ofbreali that depends on quality or a hun- 5 S dred years of "know-how" tackle making. E E You'll get the best tackle service from the dealei ^ — whose window shows the"LeapingDolphin"sign. — S New illustrated catalog P (236 pages) sent on — S receipt of parcel postage (10 cents) to any ang- — — ler who will give us his tackle dealer's name. S = Abbey ilmbrie, 18 Vesey Street, New Yorl' City = = Established 1820 = HllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllillilllflllllililllR A. H. WIRZ, Inc. ESTER, PENNA. Manufacturer of Collapsible Tubes Ointments, Perfumes, Pastes, Pomades, Colors, Printing Inks, any len£tb and diameter. BOTTLE STOPPERS, both plug and screw cap. TIN SPOUTS for bug poisons. METAL SYRINGES, MOULDS for Suppositories, Bougies, etc. HAND PILL MACHINES, including the Cooper Pill Machine. Also a General Line of METAL GOODS FOR THE DRUG TRADE Era Formulary NEW AND REVISED EDITION-8000 FORMULAS Compiled and Edited by WM. C. ALPERS , Sc.D. E. J. KENNEDY, Ph.C. Beyond all question the best formula book yet published for Druggists and Manufacturers. PRICE, $5.0 A COPY, POSTPAID D. O. HAYNES & CO., Publishers No. 3 Park Place .'. New York A "Bis Margin is allowed the dealer on CA^DUI Push It. For cash Cardui costs only $7.60 per dozen in $30.00 lots. Cha-ttanoogcL Medicine Co. Challanooga Si. Louis A Sensitive Scale at a Moderate Price Counter Scale in ground glass case. Nickel plated pans 9 inches in diam- eter. Wrile for catalogue gi-ding full description. The Torsion Balance Co. 92 Reade Street, New York FACTORY: Jersey City, N. J. PACIFIC COAST BRANCH: San Francisco, Cal. Where do YOU stand? CREME EL A Y A by every lars^e dealer in the United States, and with possibly seventeen exceptions is retailed by all at FULL PRICE These large dealers appreciate ELCAYA profit and like to handle the goods. Hotu does i1 effect >^OU? JAMES C. CRANE Sole Aioat 108 FULTON STREET NEW YORK CITY December. 1!>L') THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA Self - Fiaing Fountain Pen NQN^J-EAKABLE The Original t2zr6?^ Always /A(9 Loading Solf-RllQr The CONKLIN blazed the trail as the /rx/ self-filler. And ever since, it has inaugurated each new forward step in fountain pen merchan- dising. Now, it takes its biggest and longest stride, still well in advance of them all. Our November magazine advertising carries the following Conklin message to four million homes: — It is the Conklin imli.-y that cv.M-y user of a CONKLIN PEN shall be asatisfied user. This i^ jh.^ ( iiiai anir,' of Satisfaction on every CONKLIN'S SELF-FILLING FOI XTAIN I'KX:— Your full satisfaction with a COXKLIN'S SELF-FILLING PEN is absolutely guaranteed. Slnmhl ami (JiysatisfarfioH irhafinr arisr, u-< iriJJ give you a new pen or pen jmii/l. Ymi cnii- uhlniii lliis smnr s( rrlcc fhnnnili. your elealer from wlioni tin inn ims pn nlms, -mole Trokeys? Make out your order and mail it in now and get vour " ZEE TEE" Salesman. DETROIT U.S.A December, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 5 This Sign Identifies The drug store that stands out above every other drug store in the town or territory as the exclusive representative of the SAN "TOX line of toilet articles and household preparations — The drug store that is getting the full and undivided bene- fit fi'Diu th(- stroimvst. most aggressive and jointed national ad- vertising caiiiii.-iiiin rvrv put behind a line of toilet articles and household i>ri'i>;i rat inns — The drng stui,' th.it is getting the trade directed by adver- tising that impresses on ]Mrs. Jones and Mr. Smith the fact that iiour drug store has been selected as the local SAN '"TOX agency because of your established reputation as an honest, pro- gressive and real-service druggist — The drug store that is beyond the pale of price-cutting, the drug store that does not have to rcsoi-t to private brands to j)re. in fact, to exceed the reputation which we have already established in this particular. Yours faithfully. New England Collapsible Tube Company New London, Connecticut, U. S. A. 77m Beautiful Enlargement 14 X 77 for Window and Cou7iter SENT FREE to all Seneca Dealers Seneca Camera Mfg. Co. Rochester, N. Y. December, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 9 Handsome Effects Always Obtained With Our Victor and Olympic Sectional Outfits ; rich but not gaudy. Best of all, our method of manufac- is an actual saving to you of from 10% to 20%, and enables The designs are exclusive luring in large quantiiits iiuni us to make immediate shipnK The Shelving is made in 4-, 6-, and 8-foot sections. The Prescription Partitions are combined units of 12 inches to 6 feet long, of various patterns. With a combination of these sizes any store, large or small, can be equipped without loss of time, or sacrifice of money. We also manufacture all other kinds of drug outfits, floor and show cases. The settee with wainscoting, shown in illustration, is not carried in stock, but our facilities enable us to turn out work of this kind quickly and reasonably. Special fixtures can usually be made up in time to ship with balance of the order. The Benderscheid plan saves time, trouble, money and insures a handsome, attractive store at small cost. Write your favorite drug jobber for Bender- scheid Catalog No. 14. It is an 80-page book con- taining illustrations, specifications and full par- ticulars. Benderscheid Mfg. Co. The Only Ejcctuji-Oe "Dra^ Fijeittre and Shotou Caje Manufaclarerj in ihe U. S. 2800-2826 N. 9tb Street St. Louis, Mo. The Marvel Whirling Spray Syringe A SattjJ-ied Customer is ihe "DruggUl's "Besl Ad-OeriUemenI Gold Medal Awarded — Paris, 1902 By the Societe d'Hygiene of France as the latest and best improvement in vaginal Syringes. Particular attention is called to the fact that by reason of its peculiar construction the Marvel Syringe dilates and flushes the vagina with a volume of whirling spray, which smooths out the folds and permits the in- jection to come into contact with and cleansing the entire surface. ratty Trolected by TalenU you can jafety recommend it Has no riTal on the market, iswelladver* tised, pays a good profit, quality guaran* teed. The MARVEL is returnable for exchange if found defective and reported promptly. THE MARVEL COMPANY Sole "Proprietors 44 East 23rd Street New York BRANCH OFFICES: Paris, France - - 42 Roe da Marche London, England - 11 Qaeen Victoria Street Sydney, N. S. W., Australia 416-418 George Street A.II Jobberj Sell li 10 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [December, 1915 American Druggists Coffee FOR SALES AND PROFITS Over 21,000 lbs. sold in a week ia chain of drug stores in Eastern City. American Druggists Coffee is a great trade-builder. The people like it and come back for more. It has the flavor, it has the aroma; it satisfies lovers of good Coffee. DIRECT TO YOU FOR CASH High Quality — No Middlemen — Low Cost Makes 25% to 30% Profit American Druggists Coffee Costs You 24c a. pound, sells at 30c to 35c SPECIAL TRIAL OFFER (One only to a customer) On receipt of New York draft or Money-order for $5.76, we will ship 24 one-pound canisters. Price subject to any material change in the green coffee market. DAVIES (Si SULLIVAN CO. Importers of Coffee 82 Front Street - New York FOR HOT SODA and Luncheonette Depts. of your fountain order a copy of the new Dispenser's Formulary which supplies more information on these subjects than any other book published. Price, $1.50 a copy postpaid. D. O. H AYNES s ^otir Trade ti^e Salens 'Boards:? CHICAGO, Invites correspondence from salesmen who are mak- ing their trade regularly. The most remunerative side line — no samples — no collections — commission paid as soon as order is shipped. We want only first-class men. Enquiries to receive attention MUST STATE LINE CARRIED AND HOW LONG; class of trade called on: territory and how often covered. The K. ^ S. SALES CO. 154-156 Whiting St., Chicago. 111. SeU Your Old Perfume at Trofil of 500 Ter cent Distributor yields 250 sprays to the ounce at one cent a spray. You get $2.50 for each ounce vended Machine Pays for Itself Out of First Sales Get rid of your slotuf-^elling brands of perfume The amount of perfume held by the machine (16 oz.) will sell for S40. This is more than twice the cost of the machine. It sells perfume faster than you could over the counter. Prevents pennies in change getting away from you. — Write for information — Mills JSo-Velty Co. 237 South Green Street Chicago - - - - III. American Manufacturers of High Grade Petrolatums and Petrolax for an Internal Lubricant *'f. o. b.;our works" PRICE LIST Snow Snow Snow Lily Lily Lily White Petrolatuii White Petrolatun White Petrolatun White Petrolatun V White Petrolatun White Petrolatum White Petrolatum, White Petrolatum, While l'c per gal. i,.r 6.50 3.25 clays. AMBER OIL & REALTY CO. WARREN, PA. Save Your Journals 'Many druggists save their journals and bind thoin. with the index, at the end of the year. Sueli a series of bound volumes of a good journal are most valuable for refer- ence, as they contain information on many topics not found in text books. Tlic Era Binder holds copies of Weekhj /)ru(j Marlcfs, The Pharmaceutical Era or The Soda FoiDitain. for a full ijear. PRICE 75c EACH POSTPAID Order a Binder witli your Sub.scriiition. D. O. HAYNES & CO., Publishers No. 3 Park Place, New York December. 1915] THE PHAR.MACEUTICAL ERA 17 MANY diruiiggiiihi ar® makSmig a suneeess gelliimg plk©im©girsiplki; mimdl aim ever = nmie]r@a§° img mumhew ar® makaimg a mccmm i®IMinig S®im@ra PUnoimogirapIniSo To the right man the agency for Sonora Phono- graphs will prove most profitable. Write for our special proposition to-day. Wc have much good territory still open and it is possible that we are not represented in your city. Retail prices of our instruments are: $35, S50, $75, SlOO, $135, $150, $225 and S300 In certain important particulars the Sonora excels all other phonographs — here are a few: The Sonora was given the "Highest Award" for its exquisite mellow tone at the Panama- Pacific Exposition, and was the only phonograph to receive an award for this feature. J The long-running silent motor runs nearly twice as long as others at the same price. The marvelous construction of the Sound Box : it is as exquisite as violin manufacture. The beautiful flowing lines of the Sonora Cab- inets are a delight to the eye. The Sonora Multi-Playing Jewel Needle is practically noiseless and saves the constant an- noyance of changing needles. The Sonora plays all makes of disc records perfectly. These and many other features combine to produce an unrivalled instrument. "Write us telling something of your surroundings and qualifications for handling the Sonora line, and your letter will have our prompt and careful attention. Sonora Phonograph Corporation (iEOROE E. BRIGIITSOX, President Maker.s of .Sonora PhonoRraplis and Sonora Miilti- Playing Jewel Needles Main Offices and Sales Rooms. 57 Rcade Street, New York. Fifth Avenue Salons at 53rd Street Standard Arcade, 50 Broadway One Block South of Wall St. Subway 18 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [December, 1915 ZIP! — and You Have a Dandy Picture, Day or Night — if You Use the— never-failing IMP FLASHLITE GUN. Greatest inven- tion in years for photographic use. Overcomes all former fJashlite troubles Makes many new customers for your Camera department. In- creases business. Increases your profits. Anyone can use tlie — ■ IMP FLASHLITE GJJN^ Even beginners get wonderful results with hand or tripod cameras in any light — broad day light or total darkness. Take moving objects, groups, pets, etc. This is a big money maker for YOUR Camera department. Get our proposition and illustrated booklet today ! The Imperial Brass Mfg. Co. 1226 W. Harrison St. Chicago, III. Simply pull Trigger, the IMP ignites the flash and operates shutter simultan- eously! GUN COMPLETE Your Customers Are GettmgThese— Are You? Every month in all the leading woman's magazines we advertise the sample package illustrated, to which thousands of women are responding (each sending us six cents for it). Won- derful results have followed this "personal trial" pack- age so widely advertised. Jngt&tifs Co-Operative Plan Let us tell you how Ingram service will bring your best customers into your store for the sample package illustrated, free through you. It contains samples of Vel- ve-la Snuveraine Face Powder and Rouge in novel purse packets, Z o d e n t a Tooth Powder, Milkweed Cream ai- Ingram's Perfume. Look up your stock — order what you need to-day and get this complete advertising ser- vice or ask us for more in- formation. Frederick F. Ingram Co. Established 1885 Windsor. Can. 22 Tenth St., Detroit, Mich., U. S. A. Are you obtaining your share of profits on the sale of ^Mineral Oil — universalh' endorsed for eonstiixition and kindred ills? HYGINOL MINERAL OIL is a super-refined, pure white oil. of the first quality, U.S. P. Standard. Send us your order for 1 doz. It] oz.' bottle.s' at $8.00, delivered. A.sk for pi'ico list ;ind S,-l]- in^ Plans tnr Dniuui-t-. nti the Parajj^on Pi'nducts- .-md in- teresting booklet. "AVlnit llu> Paragon Trade Hiseount Cou- pons IMean to you." THE BERLIN LABORATORY, Ltd. 373 Fourth Avenue New York COLEMAN'S Double Spray Douche RETAIL PRICE, $2.50 100 Per Cent. Profit to the Retailer THE ONLY PERFECT DOUBLE SPRAY DOUCHE I'nuntain, Bulb and Atomizers. lee Caps, lit Trices that will Manufactured by HarHs (Ei Bemtz Company, Philadelphia December, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 19 With our Business-building. Profit-get- ting plan you can have the biggest clear- ance sale in your history — and you can have this sale without cutting your prices one cent — you will get full retail price for every article sold. "With our plan you will get the busi- ness even though your competitor is cut- ting and slashing the very life out of his prices. Don't let j-our competitor catch you napping — don't let him skim the cream of the special sale business early in January — lay your plans now — be prepared. Wi-ite today for a full and complete ex- planation of just how our plan works. If you use our plan your competitor • an't get it. Don't let him beat j-ou to it. Remember it costs you nothing to investi- gate it first. Address your letter asking for complete fxphinjition to BRENARD MFG. CO. Iowa City - - - Iowa More Cash Trade and a Tighter Hold on It THERE is one sure way to build up your cash business and at the same time safeguard it against price-cutting competitors. That way is the same one that the big "chain store" syndicates are using to keep their enormous business on the upgrade. And that way is — giving Premiums. The Zeno System of Advertising puts within your reach the great trade-building power of Premiums offered and given out through a fully organized and equipped Premium Department. The Zeno System will install just such a Depart- ment in your store and help you keep it in success- ful operation. We will supply the plan and the advertising matter, furnish you with high grade Premiums at lowest wholesale prices and keep in constant touch with you through our Weekly Bulletins and Instruction Sheets — giving you the benefit of our experience and that of hundreds of other premium users. With this Service and our huge organization backing you, the success of your Premium Department is practically certain. A Completely Equipped Premium Department DON'T confuse the Zeno System with the so- called coupon or trading stamp plans that are being offered to the drug trade. The Zeno System offers you a Premium Depart- ment that will be absolutely your own. You will issue Coupons and Certificates that bear your name only — and redeem them with Premiums that you actually own and display. No third party comes between you and your customers. You alone benefit by the good will and the boosting that your premium-giving creates. Only one drug store in your town can land the Zeno System. Get an option on it by writing us — today — for full information. Zeno Novelty Company Indianapolis, Indiana Trade Building Systems— Premiums that Pull Profits 20 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [December, 1915 The New and Enlarged Edition of The Era Formulary This edition of the Era For- mulary is essentially a new book. Of the nearly 8000 formulas pre- sented, more than 5000 are new, while those retained have been entirely recast and better adapted for the purpose designed. The scope of the book has been greatly extended, the formulas selected being based on a most careful study of the needs of the manufacturer, pharmacist, physi- cian, agriculturist, horticulturist, stock-raiser, veterinarian ; in short, on the requirements of most of the industrial arts and handi- crafts, and the utilitarian neces- sities of man. The arrangement of the for- mulas is designed to facilitate the greater usefulness of the book. A reference to the Table of Con- tents will convince anyone of the great number and variety of for- mulas offered for all kinds of f FORMULARY New And Enlarged Edition 6000 Formulas ForManufacturers.Drugoists.Physicians. VETERINAOTSURGEONSjlOSPnALS fo"S HOUSEHOLD UsE. specialties, novelties and prepara- tions of standard worth. Xo manufacturer, pharmacist, veteri- narian, soda-fountain operator, farmer, hospital steward, or arti- san in any handicraft can afford to be without a copy of this new book. It is beyond all ques- tion the BEST FORMULARY ever compiled for the use of the classes of individuals named. This new edition was revised and compiled by William C. Alpers, Sc.D., member of the present Committee of Revision of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia, and Ezra J. Kennedy, Ph.C, Editor of The Pharmaceutical Er.\, both of whom are preeminently fitted for the task by reason of their scientific attainments, long prac- tical experience in the drug busi- ness, and their intimate knowl- edge of pharmacists' and manu- facturers' needs for new formulas and processes. Note This Table of Contents Pharmaceutical Preparations— 1200 For- mulas. Elixirs, Syrups, Wines 1-329 Tinctures, Pills, Solutions 330-621 Ointments, Suppositories 622-723 Plasters, Emulsions, Extracts.. 724-867 Powders, Mixtures, Liniments. 868-1010 Gauzes, Cottons, Collodions 1011-1036 Digestive Ferments 1037-1058 Lozenges, Sprays, Crayons 1059-1153 Miscellaneous Ph. Formulas. .. .1154-1201 Toilet Preparations— 1300 Formulas. Tooth Powders, Pastes, Soaps. .1202-1385 - Liquid Dentifrices, etc 1386-1467 Perfumery, Colognes 1468-1581 Synthetic Perfumes, Waters. . .1582-1669 Vinegars, Powders, Enamels. . .1670-1807 Grease Paints, Sachet Powders. 1808-1891 Manicure Specialties 1892-1919 Lip Salves, Cold Creams 1920-2004 Massage Creams, Jellies 2005-2054 Cosmetic Creams, Lotions 2055-2114 Hair Preparations, etc 2115-2441 Comedones, Sunburn, Cachous. .2442-2517 Preparations for the Feet 2518-2532 Veterinary Remedies— 700 Formulas. Horses— Tonics, Liniments, etc. 2533-3002 Cattle-Remedies, Condiments. .3003-3085 Hogs-Cholera, Worms, etc 3086-3102 Sheep— Hoof-ail, Sheep Dips. . .3103-3132 Dogs and Cats— Remedies 3133-3200 Poultry and Cage Birds 3201-3243 Family Medicines— 1100 Formulas. Cough Remedies 3244-3317 Liniments, Bitters, Tonics 3318-3470 Blood, Catarrh, Salves, etc 3471-3601 Corns, Eye Lotions, Gout 3602-3750 Vermifuges, Diarrhoea 3751-381S Lozenges, Laxatives, Piles 3816-3911 Dyspepsia, Chilblains 3912-3990 Warts, Boils, Alcoholism 3991-4065 Headache, Neuralgia, etc 4066-4175 Febrifuges, Cholera, etc 4176-4273 Plasters, Powders, Miscell 4274-4336 Household and Domestic Formulas— 1100 Formulas. Cleaning Preparations 4337^467 Bluings, Inks, Stains, Soaps. . .4468-4866 Insecticides, Disinfectants 48()7-S112 Incense, Fumigants, Dyes 5113-5323 Industrial Formulas and Processes— 750 Formulas. Cements, Glues, Polishes 5324-5710 Show Globe Colors 5711-5769 Photography, Pyrotechnics 5770-5863 Leather, Fire Extinguishers. .. .5864-6081 Paints, Varnishes, Stains— 500 Formulas. Paints, Slatings, Lacquers 6082-6220 Stains for Wood, Varnishes. .. .6221-6500 Furniture and Floor Polish. .. .6501-6S07 Beverages, Food Products— 675 Formulas. Soda Svrups, Flav. Extracts. . .6608-6981 Mineral Waters. Xon-Alcoholic Drinks 69S2-7078 Baking Powders. Relishes "079-7177 Confectionery, Vinegars 7178-7239 Foods, Bouillon Cubes, etc 7240-7280 Miscellaneous— 300 Formulas. Inks. Cr.ivMiis. etc 7281-7423 Horticultural Preparations -22+-7450 Alloys. Freezing Mixtures 7451-7486 Blackings, Tobacco Flavors. .. .7481-7584 Price $5.00 net per copy. Shipped prepaid on receipt of price. D. O. HAYNES & CO., Publishers No. 3 Park Place .... New York December. 1915j THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 21 A Big Winner Last Year ^Repealed /or you "DruggisU buho did not faKjs ad-Vantage of thU la^t year Mallo Bitter-Sweet Chocolate Sundae and Mallo Scotch Sundae Topping ve hocome famous as Hot Specials for Cold Weather. Due to their sheer merit and deliciousness the demand for them has beconi ormous. Progressive soda fountain men are showing on their menus — Hot Bitter-Sweet Chocolate Sundaes — Hot Chocolate and many other hot specials — made with White-Stokes Mallo Bitter-Sweet Chocolate Sundae Topping. With Mallo Scotch Sundae they are making and serving HOT SCOTCH BUTTERSCOTCH SUNDAES iir serving a ladle of Hot ]Mallo Scotch over ice cream. There are many other ways to serve it. White-Stokes Mallo Topping in the 'Bi% 'Blue Can ■ — for topping sundaes, sodas, malted milk, egg drinks, hot chocolate and other hot beverages. It's great, too, as a topping for use with Mallo Scotch Sundae and Mallo Bitter- Sweet Chocolate Sundae. The big thing is that these recipes and many others must be served piping hot. So we have gone to great trouble and expense to have specially manufactured for us a heater — THE WHITE-STOKES WARMER It is a handsome electric heater— made of steel heavily nickeled. Diameter 8 inches— Height 6 inches with two compartments— one for Hot Mallo Bitter Sweet— one for Hot Mallo Scotch. Each compartment holds about a quart and a half. Or can be supplied not divided if desired. ^ a controllable switch which enables you to cut down like a gas stove, quickly and syrups We want you to have one of these, so we make the following offer: 3 gallons White-Stokes Mallo Bitter Sweet Chocolate Sundae 2 gallons " " " Scotch 1 gallon " " " Topping and one White-Stokes Warmer, all for $17.00 (Shipping charges prepaid east of Missouri River) The heater alone would cost $12.50 if it were sold at retail, and the total cost of all is $22.00— to you $17.00— so you see we givi you $5.00— Do you want it? We have only a limited number, so send the order for yours today. The usual broad White-Stokes Guarantee— absolute satisfaction or your money back— goes with this order. Don't delay— you may be too late — capture this cold weather trade now. Use the Convenient Coupon WHITE-STOKES CO., INC. 3615-23 JASPER PLACE :: :: CHICAGO New York: Jas. A. Greaves, Agent 6 Harrison Street. Boston; Abbott, Hall & Co., Agents 12 S. Market Street. Pacific Coast Agents: Parrott & Co. Los Angeles, San Francisco, Portland, Seattle, Tacoma, Spokane (COUPON) White-Stokes Co., Inc., 3615 TasDer Place, Chicago, 111. Please send me your combination offer as outlined in Pharm. Era. cost $17.00. 22 THE PHAEMACEUTICAL ERA [December. 1915 HEARN NO WEST FOURTEENTH STREET NEW YORK DRUGS rnn everything GROCERIES Kl I I IN DRY GOODS LIQUORS mJ\J K AND APPAREL 1 oz. Powder $1.00 1 " 2 1-2 gr. Tablets 1.00 1 " 5 gr. Tablets 1.00 1 " 5 gr. Pink Top Capsnles 1.25 ^ A Dependable Analgesic For Trade Discounts, address* THE ETNA CHEMICAL CO. 59 Bank Street New York City Ask your iobber. rORHAN COMPANY 25 Prescribed by DENTISTS every- where, because of its efficacy and our ethical publicity methods. Popular with the PUBLIC because it does relieve quickly. El^ Street. NEW YORK THE "J. B. L. CASCADE" Celebrated physicians all over the world are now recommending "J. B. L. CASCADE," AN INTERNAL BATH for ills of the Stomach and Intestines, and for Headaches and Constipation; the Deadly Appendici- tis and Typhoid Fever are prevented by this treatment. Prominent druggists all over the United States have it in stock. Supplied by Chas. A. Tyrrell, M. D., Formerly Pres't of Tyrrell's Hygienic Institute, 134 W. 65tll St., NcW York City EverGood Menthol Inhaler Will keep indefinitely as good as new liccause you can keep it closed when not in use, by pushing in the rod at the end. Thus no air can pass through it and no evaporation of the Menthol. Dealers and Consumers all appreciate an Inhaler that they know to be good when sell- ing or buying it. Price SOcts. a Dozen, or $5.40 a Gross at any Jobber, or mailed on receipt of price. If interested write for sample. THE WALTER P. WARE CO. ^ Dept. J, Philadelphia, Pa. When the best people come to your store to buy HUMPHREYS' HOMEOPATHIC REMEDIES they will buy other things. Keep them coming' with attractive advertising matter. A postal request will bring it. HUMPHREYS' HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINE CO. 156 William Street New York Do You Own a Do^? If so, you should have a copy of Practical Dog Keeping ' By Williams Haynes Author of "The Fox Terrier," "Scottish and Insh Terriers," "The Bull Terrier," "The Airedale," etc TABLE OF CONTENTS Which Breed ? Buying and Selling Dogs Kennels and Kennehng Foods and Feeding Exercise and Grooming Dog Shows Show Preparation The Amateur Veterinarian and a Glossary of all Technical Terms. " Most practical and should prove very valuable." Anicncdu Konic! Gazette. " Based on the author's wide experience as a breed- er, exhibitor an. judge, and written in his very read- able style, it fills a long felt want for a thoroughly reliable guide to dog keeping." Field and Fanc\ Bound in flexible green cloth, 130 pages, price 70c Sent post paid to any address on receipt of 7Sc For sale by D. O. HAYNES & CO.. 3 Park Place, New Ifork December, 1915] THE I'll ARM ACErTICAL ERA 23 MACNESI/ ¥ith tk money you pay for this « *■ You can make this And increase your Milk of Magfnesia profits just that much. It costs you no more to make six pints of your own Milk of Nlaijnesia than it does to buy one or two of the prepared Milk. The process is simple; to 480 gjrains of M^itti^dn'-. MACJMA Mag-nesia (Calcined) add 15 fluid ounces of pure water. The result is a pint of the p\iri-^t-clf.iiu-st Milk of MaiJnf^la that has ever passed over your counters. Why pfrsi>t in pav ing- big prices for Milk of Magnesia when you can make your own at five cents a pint Order from your jobber today — a pound of Mattison's Ma^ma Magnesia (Calcined) The only Calcined Magnesia that meets the U. S. P. requirement. It becomes colloidal upon the addition of water. There is BIG profit ahead for you. Let your doctor patrons know what you are doing — Bring Milk of Masriiesia to the attention of your general patrons — You'll not only boast Milk of Magnesia sales but \ ,.irH save at lea^t four-tifths of 'the price of prepared milk, if you use MATTISON'S MAGMA MAG- NESIA (Calcined . Order vours today or send 1(1 cents for enough to make one full pint. KEASBEY & MATTISON CO., Ambler, Pa. PLAYING CARDS Bicycle I Congress No. 808 Ivory or Air-Cushion Finish. FOR GENERAL PLAY. FRONT OF BOX. Bicycle quality made Bicycle reputation. We spare no expense to maintain this quality and give players the best popular priced card in the world. No. 606 Gold Edges. Air-Cushion Finish. FOR SOCIAL PLAY. Always Something CONGRESS PLAYING CARDS 606 COLD EDGES 'lARK Look for the name New in CONGRESS. "Congress" on every box. With new picture designs in colors constantly coming, other popular designs revised, dealers can always supply their customers with pat- terns suitable for any occasion. Keep your stock of Congress up to date. The Official Rules of Card Games — Hoyle Up-to-Date — a complete book of rules for all Card Games revised each year. Also makers of 89 Treasury, 1 Bijou, 54 Initial, 202 Sportsman's, 88 Jumbo Bridge, 500 Five Hundred, 707 Cabinet, 39 Trophy Whist, and many other grades of Playing Cards. Also Poker Chips— all kinds and qualities — Card Dominoes and Educational Games. Write for Catalogue Price List. THE UNITED STATES PLAYING CARD COMPANY CINCINNATI, U. S. A. 24 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA '^DFJfEMBER. 1015 Influenza Serobacterin M^ixed Mulford For Immunization Against and Treatment of Influenza and Common Colds A combination of sensitized killed bacteria prepared from cultures obtained from a large number of patients suffering with acute infections of the respiratory mucous membranes. Influenza Serobacterin Mixed is employed in catarrhal conditions of the respiratory tract, for treatment and prevention. It may be used either before a cold is fully developed to abort it, during the height of a cold to hasten recovery, or between attacks for prevention. liiilil;. nxedMiilfoni The usual method of administering Serobacterins is to employ the 4-syringe package, beginning with one-fifth to the entire contents of Syringe A and fol- lowing with other syringes at two to five-day intervals, according to indications. Syringes contain killed sensitized bacteria as follows: Syringe A Syringe B Syringe C Syringe D . 125 250 500 1000 million Staphylococcus albus and aureus . 250 500 1000 2000 million 125 250 500 1000 million 125 250 500 1000 million 125 250 500 10(X) million Literature describing method of treatment and dosage sent on request. H. K. MULFORD COMPANY >liiiiii{a<-tiiriu)i and Itiolofji'^nl ClioiniNtH HOMK OFFICE AND LABOKATOKIES, PHILADELPHIA, l\ S. A. December. 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA A New 10c Trial Size Box « FREE to Dealers Just UKe finding money! '.i doz. 10c. Size FREE with every 1 doz. of 25c. Size at $2.00 per doz. doz. 10c. Size FREE with every 2 doz. of 25c. Size at $2.00 per doz. doz. 10c. Size FREE with every 3 doz. of 25c. Size at $2.00 per doz. 1 doz. 10c. Size FREE with every 6 doz. of 25c. Size at $2.00 per doz. This new lOe Trial Size Box allows your customer.s to know the value of Brown's Bronchial Troches for a dime — and every dime they hand you is clear profit for you. Then atrain. the sale of these 10c boxes is sure to bring an immediate and increased demand for the regular 25c, 50c and $1 sizes. This is the real purpose Ix-liind this plan. The seiison for coughs, hoarseness and other throat trouble is at hand — The old and standard remedy for these eonuuon ailments is BROWN'S Bronchial Troches Introduced to the public nearly seventy years ago, and just as superior to-day, as then — You know how good they are. You can safely recommend them to your customers for they contain nothing harmful — so harmless, they may be used as freely as desired, without ill effects. Push the sale of Brown's Bronchial Troches now, while you can get the free 10c goods and make an extra profit. Order promptly, for this FREE goods \vyrucr pruiijpLiy, lor tnis ri\E.r. gooas Offer Expires Feb. 1916 We will ship all the free goods direct, and forward orders for the regular sizes to your jobber, to be filled in the usual way. We Guarantee the Sale of these FUEE Goods :es ■ Address all orders for FREE goods to JOHN I. BROWN & SON, Boston, Mass. BROWN'S BRONCHIAL TROCHES will be widely advertised this winter — in the leading magazines, in the daily and weekly newspapers. THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [December, 1915 )YAL Purple heads the list of special *'True F unusual selling campaign for 191( WE KNOW that the quality of Royal Pi other manufacturer. WE KNOW that we have the most perft WE KNOW that the grade of Concord g richness and delicacy of flavor, WE KNOW that our scientific process ol juice makes Royal Purple distinctive in cc WE KNOW vi^hat dealers who have used of hundreds of such customers that they \ We cannot question the future of such a p become just as well and favorably known, Syrups and Crushed Fruits are to-day. Our Grape Juice advertising oflFer for 1916 possesses unusual advertising value for yc 1916 grape juice price list is a reproductior trim. If you have not received your cop> Just as soon as you stock Roj^al Purple Grs steadily increasing grape juice business. ROYALPURPLE Juice J . HUNGE^RF^O December. 19151 THE PHARIMACEUTICAL ERA iRAPL Juice !* items on which we are planning an 3rape Juice has never been equalled by any quipped grape juice plant in the world. used in Royal Purple. cannot be surpassed for ing the grapes and handling and bottling the id flavor. .1 Purple think of it. We have the assurance indle Royal Purple exclusively. t. Royal Purple Grape Juice v^^ill eventually just as generally in demand as "True Fruit" perfect keeping with Royal Purple quality, and )untain. The handsome cover design on our le central feature of the Royal Purple window us know and it will be mailed at once. uice, you lay the foundation for a lasting and not start 1916 right? D Smith Compa^ny i'ELR. NEZ.A^ YORK- D THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [December, 1915 o f Don't think for a minute "AFRI-KOLA" isn't in it, when the weather gets cold and drear; for no matter how icy the atmosphere gets, "A-K" gives the same zest and cheer. Hang the 'A-K" sign right out in sight, and tell your trade it's a "DRINK OF DELIGHT" and when once it hits their thirsty spot, they'll forever say "nix" to anything hot. MORAL Sign the coupon right now and mail to the AFRI-KOLA CO., Atlanta, Ga. and get by return post paid parcel post a full, quart-make sample of this delicious joy bever- age in extract form; make it up at once as we direct, and you will have no hesitation whatsoever in ordering a FIVE GALLON KEG. It is the most intensely genuine of all Cola products, and you can make your own Cola sirup with this highly concentrated compound extract for 65cts a gallon - ■ - - WE PAY THE FREIGHT. AFRI-KOLA CO. ^'£y SANO-' Atlanta G a. COUPON FREE QUART-MAKE SAMPLE AFRI-KOLA EXT. X'EMBEK IfH")! THE PIIAR^IACEUTICAL ERA 25 Each year the Christmas nish for EVEREADY Flashlights has brought big money to the wide-awake dealers who handle the line — but this year all records will be left far behind. The splendid showing ni;id(> in previous holiday seasons ■was accomplished entirely withi iit the support of national advertising, but this Christmas, big. pulling ads .iii appearing in the Saturday Evening Post and 42 other impoi"taut publications, telling- people of FLASHLIGHTS The great advertising cam ing in power riglit alnnn ^ buyers will be brought i handsome, useful and dift't [laign whieh has been running all the year and gain- rill iiow havr> its biggest effect and thousands of new It I retail stores for these ideal Christmas gifts so rent from the ordinary run of presents. You can ca.sh in on this liooming market if vou let people know you carry EVEREADY 's. The great EVEREADY Sales Drive in October proved what a wonderful busines.s-pnller an P^VEREADY Window is. If you were in on the drive you know how true this is — for from the 20,000 retailers who made displays has come a stream of reports about increased business — many telling of stocks entirely sold out and some of stocks disposed of two or three times over- 3o get an EVEREADY Display in your window now. Or if you aren't hand- ling EVEREADY 'S. mail us the coupon for full information about our intro- ductory order proposition. AMERICAN EVER READY WORKS OF X.VTIOXAL CARBON COMP.\NY LONG ISLAND CITY NEW YORK Branches: .Atlanta, Chicago, San Francisco Canadian Factory: Canadian Ever Ready Works of Canadian Xatiunal Carbon Co., Limited, Toronto 26 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [December, 1915 Index to Advertisers (SEE INDEX TO GOODS ON PAGES 27, 28, 29 AND 30) Abbey & Imbrie Cover 2 Afri Kola Co D Allen & Co., J. W 4 Amber Oil & Realty Co 16 American Can Co Cover 4 American Ever- Ready Wks...2S Anglo-American Drug Co.. 38-45 Armstrong Cork Co 12 Automatic Pencil Sharp Co. .41 Bakst Bros 44 Bauer Chem. Co 42 Benderscheid Mfg. Co 9 Berlin Lab'y, Ltd 18 Bierstedt Suppository Co 44 Bishop-Babcock-Becker Co 47 Breitenbach Co., M. J 45 Brenard Mfg. Co 19 Bristol-Myers Co 39 Brown & Son, John I A Butler, L. C Cover 4-46 Catttanooga Med. Co Cover 2 Cincinnati College of Phcy..44 Conklin Pen Mfg. Co 1 Cooper Lumber Co 47 Crane, Jas. C Cover 2 Davies & Sullivan Co 10 Dentinol & Pyorrhocide Co. 10-46 De Pree Chemical Co., The.. 5 Duane Labs 39 Eberly & Eberly 44 Eckman Mfg. Co 14-45 Era Course in Pharmacy 6 Etna Chem. Co 22 Ex-Lax Mfg. Co 32 Fairchild Bros. & Foster Cover 1 Forhan Co 22 Fountain Specialty Co 47 French Lick Spgs Hotel Co. .32 Gilpin, Langdon & Co.. Cover 1 Good, James 45 Grapefruit Products Co 47 Grasberger & Co., B.A 47 Gray & Co., M. M 44 Gray & Co., W. F 44 Greenbrier Hotel 37 Hanford Mfg. Co., G. C. Cover 4 Harris & Berntz Co 18 Hearn & Son, Jas 22 Helmet Chew'g Gum Co. Cover 1 Higgins & Co., Chas. M 46 Hinds, A. S 36 Hobo Medicine Mfg. Co 45 Hoffmann Co., Geo. Wm. Cover 1 Humphrey's Homeo. Med. Co. 22 Imperial Brass Mfg. Co.... 18-46 Ingram Co., F. F 18 K. & S. Sales Co 16 Kamlah, Wm 45 Keasbey & Mattison Co.... 23-44 Lambert Pharmacal Co 12 Lilly & Co., Eli Cover 1 Local View Co 46 Lyons & Co., M. R 45 McVey, Jno. Jos 44 Mad-Ox Drug Co 44 Mallinckrodt Chem. Wks 33 Maplewood Mills Cover 1 Marvel Co 9 Merchants Service Co 31 Merck & Co Cover 1 Mills Novelty Co 16 Miniature Corkscrew Co 47 Mulford Co., H. K 24 Munro Co., N. L 46 National Cash Register Co.. .13 National Licorice Co 14 Needham'S Sons, D 45 Nelson Co., L. H 46 New Eng. Collap Tube Co.. 8 New England Confec. Co 14 Newskin Co Cover 1 N. Y. Quin. & Ch. Wks. Cover 4 Norwich Pharmacal Co 32 Opitz, John 39 Pacific Coast Borax Co 44 Parke, Davis & Co 11 Peerless Moistener Co 39 Pfaudler Co., The 28 Pinex Co 42 Planten & Son, H 44 Reed Glass Co., F. E 47 Repetti 47 Sayford Paper Spec. Co.. Cover 1 Seneca Camera Mfg. Co. Cover 3 and 8 Sharp & Dohme 40 Smith Co., J. H B & C Smith Co., Martin H 7 Sonora Phonograph Corp 7 Spiltoir, F. E 46 Standard Oil Co 2 Stearns & Co., Fredk 4 Swanson Rheu. Cure Co.Cover 1 Talbot, John 31 Teich & Co., Curt 12-46 Torsion Balance Co Cover 2 Tyrrell, Chas. A 22 Umpleby, J. T 45 United Medical Co 45 United Specialty Co 14 U. S. Metal Cap & Seal Co.. 35 U. S. Playing Card Co.... 23-46 Upjohn Co Cover 1 Van Ostrand-Curren Co 15 The Vortex Mfg. Co 34-47 Walrus Mfg. Co 3 Wampole & Co., H. K 27 Ware Co., Walter F 22 Webb & Son, Jas. A.... Cover 1 Weeks & Co., D 38 Wells & Richardson Co 26 Western Press Clipping Ex. .31 Wheaton Co., T. C 46 Whitall Tatum Co 4 White-Stokes Co 21 Wildroot Chemical Co 45 Wilmarth Show Case Co 29 Wirz, A. H Cover 2 Wisconsin Electric Co 30 Woodstock Typewriter Co 39 Wright's Ind. Veg. Pill Co.. 45 Zeno Novelty Co 19 ^^ Good Wiir ^ is a Big Business Asset Satisfied customers make valuable ''good will." Diamond Dyes always satisfy those who buy them. Diamond l>yes You should sell Diamond Dyes when- ever you can. They create ''good will." WELLS & RICHARDSON COMPANY BURLINGTON, VERMONT. AND 200 MOUNTAIN STREET, MONTREAL, CANADA a December, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 27 Index of Goods Advertised in This Issue FOB PAGE NTJMBERS CONSULT INDEX TO ADVERTISERS ON PAGE 26 Abbey & Imbrle Fishing Tackle Abbey & Imbrie Absorbent Cotton Maplewood Mills Adhesive Plaster Eberly & Eberly Advertising Service Van Ostrand-Curren Co. Afrl-Kola Afri-Kola Co. Agar Parke, Davis & Co. Agencies Wanted Mad-0.x Drug Co. Alcohol Jas. A. Webb & Son Amber Bottles F. E. Reed Glass Co. American Oil Parke, Davis & Co. American Paper Bottle Caps Sayford Paper Spec. Co. Assayed Drugs Gilpin, Langdon & Co. Automatic Perfume Distributor Mills Novelty Co. Balances and Scales Torsion Balance Co. "Bicycle" Playing Cards U. S. Playing Card Co. Bierttedt Deplet'g Suppositorie Bierstedt Suppository Co. Biological Chemists H. K. Mulford Co. Black Capsules H. Planten & Son Bladder Remedy Hobo Medicine Mfg. Co. Books M. M. Gray & Co. Jno. Jos. McVey Borax Pacific Coast Borax Co. Bottle Blowers T. C. Wheaton Co. Bottle Caps (Paper) Sayford Paper Spec. Co. Bottle Stoppers A. H. Wirz Brown's Bronchial Troches John I. Brown & Son Business Producing Plan Brenard Mfg. Co. Butler "Protecto" Case L. C. Butler Buttermilk Talcum F. E. Spiltoir C. & C. Capsules H. Planten & Son Cameras Seneca Camera Mfg. Co. Candy Cases Walrus Mfg. Co. Cans American Can Co. Capsule Specialists H. Planten & Son Carbolic Salve W. F. Gray & Co. Carbolic Soaps James Good Carbonators Walrus Mfg. Co. Cardnl Chattanooga Medicine Co. Cash Registers National Cash Register Co. Chemicals Bakst Bros. Mallinckrodt Chem. Works Merck & Co. N. Y. Quin. & Chem. Wks. Chewing Gum Helmet Chewing Gum Co. Chicago Pencil Sharpener Automatic Pencil Sharp. Co. Chocolate Laxative Ex- Lax Mfg. Co. "Circle A" Corks Armstrong Cork Co. Clinton Cascara Active Bristol-Myers Co. Clipping Exchange Western Press Clipping Exch. Coffee Davies & Sullivan Co. Cold Tablets D. Weeks & Co. Coleman's Double Spray Douche Harris & Berntz Co. Collapsible Tubes New Eng. Collap. Tube Co. A. H. Wirz College of Pharmacy Cincinnati Col. of Pharmacy Confectionery Helmet Chewing Gum Co. New England Confec. Co. "Congress" Playing Cards U. S. Playing Card Co. Conklin's Fountain Pen Conklin Pen Mfg. Co. Corks Armstrong Cork Co. F. E. Reed Glass Co. Corkscrews Miniature Corkscrew Co. Cream of Milk Talcum F. E. Spiltoir Cream White Petrolatum Amber Oil & Realty Co. Creme Elcaya Jas. C. Crane Creo-Terpln Comp. Hy. K. Wampole & Co., Inc. Crossman Mixture Wright's Ind. Veg. Pill Co. de L'Opera Face Powder F. E. Spiltoir Dental Preparations Dentinol & Pyorrhocide Co. Forhan Co. F. F. Ingram Co. Norwich Pharmacal Co. Depleting Suppositories Bierstedt Suppository Co. Diamond Dyes Wells & Richardson Co. Disinfectants James Good Dog Soap James Good Double Spray Douche Harris & Berntz Co. Drawing Board Paste Chas. M. Higgins & Co. Drawing Inks Chas. M. Higgins & Co. Important - Take Notice In the interest of the Trade and of Physicians, a change has been made in the proportion of Heroine Hydrochloride in Creo-Terpin Comp. - Wampole so that it is now exempt under the Federal Anti-Narcotic Law and can be prescribed and dispensed freely without registry or record HENRY K. WAMPOLE & CO., Inc. Manufacturing Pharmacists Philadelphia, U. S. A. 28 THE PHAEMACEUTICAL ERA [December, 1915 Index of Goods Advertised — {Continued) Druggists' Advertising Van Ostrand-Curren Co. Drug Store Fixtures Benderscheid Mfg. Co. Cooper Lumber Co. Walrus Mfg. Co. Wilmarth Show Case Co. Dry Goods Jas. Hearn Dumore Electric Mixer Wisconsin Electric Co. Dyes Wells & Richardson Co. Eckmaa's Alterative Eckman Mfg. Co. Educational Card Games U. S. Playing Card Co. Egg Preserver United Specialty Co. Eitherway Soda Fountain Walrus Mfg. Co. Elcaya Toilet Preparations James C. Crane Electric Drink Mixer Wisconsin Electric Co. Electric Flash Lights American Ever-Ready Wks. Empty Capsules Parke, Davis & Co. "En-Gar-Do" J. T. Umpleby Engrossing Ink Chas. M. Higgins & Co. Ergoaplol Martin H. Smith Co. Eternal Writing Ink Chas. M. Higgins & Co. "Eureka" Dispensers' Carb'ators Bishop-Babcock-Becker Co. Eveready Lts., Batteries. Lamps American Ever-Ready Wks. Ever-Good Menthol Inhaler The Walter F. Ware Co. Ex-Lax Ex-Lax Mfg. Co. Extract of Red Clover D. Needham's Sons Fish Oil Soaps James Good Fishing Tackle Abbey & Imbrie Flash Lights American Ever-Ready Wks. Flashlight Gun Imperial Brass Mfg. Co. Flint Bottles F. E. Reed Glass Co. Forhan's Pyorrhea Preparation Forhan Co. Fountain Pens Conklin Pen Mfg. Co. Funnels F. E. Reed Glass Co. Gastrogen Tablets Bristol-Myers Co. Glass Enam. Steel Containers The Pfaudler Co. Glassware F. E. Reed Glass Co. Gold Initial Corr. Cards. L. H. Nelson Co. Goudy's Egg Preserver United Specialty Co. Gout Remedy Wm. Kamlah Grapefniitola Grapefruit Products Co. Grape Juice J. Hungerford Smith Co. Gray's Ointment W. F. Gray & Co. Gray's Quiz Compend M. M. Gray & Co. Green Bottles F. E. Reed Glass Co. Guarantee-Iceless Fountain! Fountain Specialty Co. Gude Pepto-Mangan M. J. Breitenbach Co. Gummed Labels McCourt Label Cabinet Co. Hair Tonics Wildroot Chemical Co. Hand Pill Machine A. H. Wirz Hanford's Balsam of Myrrh G. C. Hanford Health Resorts Greenbrier Hotel Helmet Chewing Gum Helmet Chewing Gum Co. Higgins Inks & Adhesives Chas. M. Higgins & Co. Hind's Honey & Almond Cream A. S. Hinds Hobo Kidney & Bladder Remedy Hobo Medicine Mfg. Co. Holiday Post Cards N. L. Munro Pub. Co. Hotels Greenbrier Hotel House's Liver & Rheu. Pills W. F. Gray & Co. Hub Wafers New England Confec. Co. Humphrey's Borneo. Remedies Humphrey's Hom. Med. Co. Ice Cream Cabinets Walrus Mfg. Co. Ice Cream Freezer & Crusher J. W. Allen & Co. Imp Flashlight Gun Imperial Brass Mfg. Co. Ingram's Toilet Preparation* F. F. Ingram Co. Intesti-Fennin The Berlin Laby., Ltd. J. B. L. Cascade Chas. A. Tyrrell J-0 Rat & Roach Paste John Opitz Jack Frost Cold Cream F. E. Spiltoir Kidney Remedy Hobo Medicine Mfg. Co. L'Actrez Toilet Preparations F. E. Spiltoir Lapin's Straw Gloss J. T. Umpleby Lavendar Face Powder F. E. Spiltoir Lenox Chocolates New England Confec'y Co. Licorice National Licorice Co. Light Amber Petrolatum Amber Oil & Realty Co. Lights, Batteries & Lamps American Ever-Ready Wks. LUy White Petrolatum Amber Oil & Realty Co. Liquid Caramel Repetti Liquid Court Plaster Newskin Co. Liquid Paste Chas. M. Higgins & Co. A CONTAINER in which your Product may be properly and economically manufactured must be NON-CORROSIVE, NON-ABSORBENT, DURABLE UN- DER ALL N.\TURAL CONDITIONS, and DESIGNED TO FIT YOUR PARTICULAR REQUIREMENTS. Why handicap your Business with inefficient equipment when TFAUDLE'R GLASS EJWAMELET) STEEL COJWTAIJ^E'RS combining all these qualities, are available to every Manu- facturer? ]^ulletin C-1. just published, shows several types of PFAUDLER APPARATUS and is worth ask- ing for. THE PFAUDLER CO. New York ROCHESTER, N. Y. Detroit Pfaudler Glass Knameled Steel Steam Jacketed Kettle with welded-on Jacket — for high pressures. Chi Branch Offices San Fi December, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 29 Index of Goods Advertised — {Continued) Liquid Petrolatnm Merck & Co. Llsterlne Lambert Pharmacal Co. Loul View Post Cards Local View Co. Curt Teich & Co. Lady^s Anfwers John Jos. McVey Loncheonette Back Bars Bishop-Babcock-Becker Co. "M. C. W." Chemicals Mallinckrodt Chein. Wks. Kadam Dean's Suppositories United Medical Co. Malic Sundae Toppings White- Stokes Co. Manufacturing Chemists Bierstedt Suppository Co. H. K. Mulford Co. Maroon "Special" Water Bottle Whitall Tatura Co. Marvel Syringe Marvel Co. Mattison's "Magma" Magnesia Keasbey & Mattison Co. Menthol Inhaler Walter F. Ware Co. Meseco System Merchants Service Co. Metal Caps & Seals U. S. Metal Cap & Seal Co. Metal Holder for Paper Dishes American Water Supply Co. B. A. Grasberger & Co. Vortex Mfg. Co. Milk of Magnesia Keasbey & Mattison Co. Milkweed Cream F. F. Ingram Co. Mineral Oil Amber Oil & Realty Co. Parke, Davis & Co. Standard Oil Co. Miniature Corkscrews Miniature Corkscrew Co. Monarch Freezer & Crusher J. W. Allen & Co. Mulford Biologlcals H. K. Mulford Co. Necco Wafers New England Conf. Co. Needham's Red Clover D. Needham's Sons New-Skin Newskin Co. Newspaper Clippings Western Press Clipping Ex. Norwich Dental Cream Norwich Pharmacal Co. Nujol Standard Oil Co. Nursing Bottles T. C. Wheaton Co. Office Paste Chas. M. Higgins & Co. Oil de L'Opera F. E. Spiltoir Olympic Store Outfits Benderscheid Mfg. Co. "On the Wing" Rheu. Relief M. R. Lyons & Co. Opal Onyx Humigars Bishop-Babcock-Becker Co. Paper Bottle Caps Sayford Paper Spec. Co. Paper Dishes B. A. Grasberger & Co. The Vortex Mfg. Co. Paraffin Paper Cups Vortex Mfg. Co. Peerless Moistener Peerless Moistener Co. Peery's Vermifuge "Dead Shot" Wright's Ind. Veg. Pill Co. Pencil Sharpener Auto. Pencil Sharpener Co. Peptogenic Powder Fairchild Bros. & Foster Pepto-Mangan (Gude) M. J. Breitenbach Co. Perfume Distributor Mills Novelty Co. Petrolax Amber Oil & Realty Co. Petrolatums St Petrolax Amber Oil & Realty Co. Pfaudler Glass Enameled Steel Containers The Pfaudler Co. Pharmaceutical Books M. M. Gray & Co. Jno. Jos. McVey Pharmaceuticals Eli Lilly & Co. Mallinckrodt Chem. Works Merck & Co. H. K. Mulford Co. Norwich Pharm. Co. Parke, Davis & Co. Sharp & Dohme Pharmaceutical Specialties Bristol-Myers Chem. Co. Etna Chem. Co. Fairchild Bros. & Foster Lambert Pharm. Co. Norwich Pharm. Co. Parke, Davis & Co. Phenalgln Etna Chemical Co. Phenolax Wafers Upjohn Co. Phonographs Sonora Phonograph Corp. Photo Mounter Paste Chas. M. Higgins & Co. Photographic Supplies Imperial Brass Mfg. Co. Seneca Camera Mfg. Co. Pile Ointment W. F. Gray & Co. Pill Machines A. H. Wirz Pine Tar James Good Plnex The Pinex Co. Planten C & C or Black Cap- sules H. Planten & Son Playing Cards The U. S. Playing Card Co. Pluto Water French Lick Spgs. Hotel Co. Poker Chips U. S. Playing Card Co. FIVE MILLION DOL- LARS' WORTH OF WILMAHTH FIATTUHES ARE INSTALLED IN UNITED STATES DRUG STORES That's the answer Prevention is better than cure — Witmarih equipment wards ofF encroaching competition THE Drug Store Equipment *'°°"^roVe compute ° 1552 Jefferson Ave., Grand Rapids, Mich. Ew York 20 \V,..t ^.Oth St liosmN-, 21 C-olumbia St. Min-xeafoms, 21-2,^ X. Third .^t Des Moines. .Shops BIdg. FIIC.AGO, 2.?,? W. Jackson Blvd l'.n>HrR,,H, House Bldg. >T. Louis, Ills Washington .\ve. Cinr.\GO, Fuller^Mor i.son Co \i.T Lake City, 2.-)7 S. Mam St. ^Made In Qrancl Rapids] 30 THE PHAKMACEUTICAL ERA [Decembee, 1915 Index of Goods Advertised — {Concluded) Post Cards Local View Co. N. L. Munro Pub. Co. Curt Teich & Co. Potassium Iodide Mallinckrodt Chem. Works Premiums Zeno Novelty Co. Preparations In Tubes Duane Laboratories "Protecto" Case for Nursing Bottles L. C. Butler Pure Tin Tubes New Eng. Collap. Tube Co. Pure White Mineral Oil Standard Oil Co. Pyorrhea Preparation Forhan Co. Pyorrhoclde Dentinol & Pyorrhocide Co. Quiz Compend M. M. Gray & Co. Jno. Jos. McVey Rat &, Roach Paste John Opitz Red Clover Blossoms D. Needham's Sons "Red Cross" Iceless Soda Ft'ns Bishop-Babcock-Becker Co. Repettl Liquid Caramel Repetti Rheumatism Remedy Wm. Kamlah M. R. Lyons & Co. Roman Eye Balsam Wright's Ind. Vepr. Pill Co. Royal Purple Grape Juice J. Hungerford Smith Co. Sales Boards K. & S. Sales Co. Sal Hepatica Bristol-Myers Co. Sanatogen Bauer Chem. Co. San Tox Preparations De Free Chemical Co. Scales & Balances Torsion Balance Co. Schools Cincinnati Coll. of Pharmacy Sectional Drug Store Outfits The Benderscheid Mfg. Co. The Walrus Mfg. Co. Seneca Cameras Seneca Camera Mfg. Co. Sheffield's Pure Tin Tubes New Eng. Collap. Tube Co. Show Cases (See Store Fix- tures) Snow White Petrolatum Amber Oil & Realty Co. Soaps James Good Soda Fountain Apparatus Fountain Specialty Co. Walrus Mfg. Co. Soda Fountain Sundries B. A. Grasberger & Co. Vortex Mfg. Co. Soda Fountain Supplies Bishop-Babcock-Becker Co. French Lick Spgs. Hotel Co. Grapefruit Products Co. Repetti T. Hungerford Smith Co. White-Stokes Co. Sonora Phonographs Sonora Phonograph Corp. Soothing Syrup Anglo-American Drug Co. Stationery Supplies Auto. Pencil Sharpener Co. Conklin Pen Mfg. Co. Stearate of Zinc Talcum F. E. Spiltoir Steel Tanks The Pfaudler Co. Store Fixtures, etc. Benderscheid Mfg. Co. Cooper Lumber Co. Walrus Mfg. Co. Wilmarth Show Case Co. Suppositories Bierstedt Suppository Co. United Medical Co. Swanson's Rheu. Cure Co. Swanson's 5-Drops Swanson's Rheum. Cure Co. Syringes Harris & Berntz Co. Marvel Co. Tanks The Pfaudler Co. Threaded Tablets of Mercury Bichloride Sharp & Dohme Tin Tubes New Eng. Collap. Tube Co. Toilet Preparations James C. Crane De Pree Chemical Co. Forhan Co. A. S. Hinds F. F. Ingram Co. Norwich Pharmacal Co. F. E. Spiltoir Torsion Balances & Scales Torsion Balance Co. "True Fruit" Soda Fountain Requisites J. Hungerford Smith Co. Typewriters Woodstock Typewriter Co. "Upressit" Cap U. S. Metal Cap & Seal Co. Vegetable Glue Chas. M. Higgins & Co. Vel-po Face Powder F. E. Spiltoir F. E. Reed Glass Co. Victor Sectional Store Outfltf Benderscheid Mfg. Co. Vortex Sanitary Service Vortex Mfg. Co. Walrus Soda Fountains Walrus Mfg. Co. Water Bottles Whitall Tatum Co. "Weeks' Break-Up-A-Cold" Tab- lets D. Weeks & Co. Whale Oil Soaps James Good White Paper Dishes B. A. Grasberger & Co. White-Stokes Mallo Toppings White-Stokes Co., Inc. Wholesale Druggists Bakst Bros. Wlldroot Hair Preparations Wildroot Chemical Co. Wilmarth Show Cases & Fix- tures Wilmarth Show Case Co. Winslow's (Mrs.) Sooth'g Syrup Anglo-American Drug Co. Wolfstim's Rheu. St Gout Rem. Wm. Kamlah Wright's Indian Vegetable Pills Wright's Ind. Veg. Pill Co. Y. & S. Stick Licorice National Licorice Co. Z. 0. Adhesive Plaster Eberly & Eberly Zeno Premiums Zeno Novelty Co. Zymole Trokeys F. Stearns & Co. THE SANITARY "DUMORE 99 The Electrically The Dumore advertises your store. The Dumore attracts your customers. There are no springs to rust or weaken. There can be no shocks, every part being thorough- ly insulated; standardized and inter- changeable. It is started or stopped at any point, and the mixing rod and agi- tator can be detached instantly. The Dumore has few parts and they will not get out of order. The Dumore is fully guaranteed. Its base is illuminated. driven Drink Mixer Mixing WISCONSIN ELECTRIC CO., RACINE, WISCONSIN December, 1915] THE PHAEMACEUTICAL ERA 31 EraWantAds f STECIAL, NOTICE— Only one size and style of type is used in the Want Ads., viz., this 6 point old style. The lines may be set in all caps — In short lines — spaced to fill a certain number of lines — or blank space may be left at top or bottom, or on the sides. If your copy la to occupy more space than solid type, flgTire the cost for ALL CAPS ait DOUBLE the regular rates. FOR DISPLAY (as explained above) figure the cost at 10 WORDS TO THE LINE and 12 LINES TO THE INCH. The Soda Fountain— Want Ads. may be Inserted in our other monthly journal at the same rates — issued on 15th of each month, and copy taken up to the 10th. BATES— The rate varies according to t)hw ClaiSaifl- cation (see Headings for prices). All caps at doubSis rates and for Ddsplay figure cost at 10 words to tkas line anid 13 lines to the inch— see Special Notice. DATES— The ERA is issued on the 1st of eocAi month and copy for Wont Ads. taken up to tihe pij». vious 25th, but mot later. TEKMS— A advance. Enclose remittance covering number issues wanted. Do not ask us to open accounts. Want Ads. are etriotly net caisi ANSWERS may come in caire of this office If yom enclose 10 cents for foirwarding replies. ^ D. O. HAYNES St CO., Fnblishers, AGENCIES, AGENTS & SAXESMEN. 30c. a line (9 words) — Minimum charge 60c. an issue. WANTED: Traveling drug salesman to handle a drug specialty as side line. Also man, with established trade for full line of non-secrets. Best references required. Address MANUFACTURER, BOX 757, c/o ERA. BY A LARGE MANUFACTURING HOUSE, to call on manu- facturers and wholesale druggists in South Atlantic and other Southern states. Must be experienced. Answer, with full de- tails "PERMANENT", BOX 756, c/o ERA. DETAIL M.\N, who is calling on Phvsicians and Dentists; may increase his income from $25.00 to $40.00 a month bv addressing MR. WILLIAMS, 424 W. Lake St., Minneapolis, Minn. Give present connection and territory covered. WANTED: High-: maceuticals to phvsii and references. Cor swer. Address B0> to handle a high-grade line of phar- st have a following and furnish bond ^asis. Give full details in your an- ERA. BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES. 40c. a line (9 words) — Minimum charge 80c. an issue. WANTED— AN IDEA— Who can think of some simple thing to Patent? RANDOLPH & CO., Washington, D. C. PROPRIETARY— Good article, well equipped plant, low expense, $2,500, or half interest and control to right party investing $2,500. Owner hns other business. Address OWNER, BOX, 639, c/o ERA. DRUG STORES FOR RENT, SALE & WANTED. 30c. a line ( 9 words) — Minimum charge 60c. an issue. FOR SALE: Drug store in County Seat. With modern furnish- ings and soda fountain, 2fY) feet from Court House, Brookville, Pa. Address J. J. PATTE RSON, Brookville, Pa. FOR SALE: Best located drug store in New Mexico. Doing good business. Address BOX 386, Albuquerque, New Mexico. FOR SALE: Only drug store in town of 2,500. Ten miles from Hazelton, Pa. Industries— Silk Mills, Foundry, Steel Works and L. V. Shops. Good schools, Seven Churches. Address BOX 750, c/o ERA. OPENING FOR DRUG STORE. Northern Indiana. Town 500, Will rent drug room and fixtures. Address J. A. PROVINES, Jr., Covington, Indiana. DRUG STORES (Snaps) for sale and positions in all states, Phvsicians. Veterinarians, Dentists furnished for locations. F. V, KNIEST, R. P., Omaha, Nebr. Estab. 1904. FOR SALE: Drug store. Rich farming country. No competition Town of about 500. Address Allen & Rexford, Spartansburg, Pa WILL SACRIFICE dni| of 35,000, all or half int BOX 753, c/o ERA. LISTEN! Little tips on new business from news- paper clippings. Others use them. You can, too. Daily reports from all the Northwest. Low cost. WESTERN PRESS CLIPPING EX. HELP WANTED. 30c. a line (9 words) — Minimum charge 60c. an issue. WANTED: Woman pharmacist, capable of taking charge of Drug Department in a new 100 bed Hospital in Chicago. One with some nursing experience preferred, as part of her duties will be in connection with an out-patient department. Address, with references and salary expected, CHIEF SURGEON, Illinois Cen- tral R. R. Co., Chicago. ^ . MERCHANDISE FOR SALE. 40c. a line (9 ivords) — Minimum charge 80c. an issue. FOR SALE: Twenty Smithsonian Trusses. New, clean stock. 10% discount and transportation paid. H. C. ZEAMER, DRUG- GIST, Pleasantville, Pa. MISCELLANEOUS. 40c. a line (9 words) — Minimum charge 80c. an issue. DRUG EARTHENWARE— Beerbower & Co., Elizabeth, N. J., Manufacturers. Bed pans a specialty. Mfrs. Agents Druggists' Glassware, Metal Bed Douche Pans, Irrigator, Etc, Write for prices. WANTED: Formula for good meritorious preparation that can be marketed as a Proprietary Remedy or Toilet Article. Reply to P. O. BOX 144, Atlanta, Ga., giving full information and price. WANTED you to send for samples of Strawberry, Pineapple, Raspberry and Lemon Syrups for comparison with what you are now using before placing your order for 1916. Our twenty years of service to the trade has a ring to it that should command your attention. THE SHEEHAN FRUIT SYRUP CO.. Utica, N. Y. SITUATIONS WANTED. 20c. a line (9 words) — Minimum charge 40c. an issue. YOUNG MAN having following and experience with the retail and wholesale drug trade throughout Massachusetts desires ta make connection with reputable firm. Address BOX 748, c/o ERA. NEOS ALVARSAN FOR SALE: a few ampules .0,9 gram- genuine Ehrlich production, $25.00 each. JOHN TALBOT. South Bend, Ind. BOOKKEEPING SIMPLIFIED BY MESECO SYSTEM Anybody can keep books with the Meseco System. Gives you DAI1,^' the information you need about your business. It provides a control over your business-tells WHERE YOU .STAND. System is the experience in result of years of improving business Send today for detailed informatir The Merchants Service Co., Dayto 716 Lumber Ex. Minneapolis, Minn. Tell Your Story In the ERA'S Want Ad Columns 32 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [December. 1915 Norwich Dental Cream With Emetine "The Dentifrice That's Different" ANTISEPTIC DEODORANT PROPHYLACTIC rT not only cleanses the teeth, leaving m the mouth a delightful sensation of cleanliness that encourages daily use but, because of its emetine content, it has a timely sales value peculiarly its own. Emetine is generally recognized as a valuable agent in the treatment of pyor- rhea (Riggs disease). Its incorporation in this cream is one of the reasons why this is "The Dentifrice That's Different." Attractively packaged in three color lithographed tubes and cartons. Artis- tic display stands, samples, literature with druggist 's imprint and other dealer helps. Ask also for prices on Emetine Hydrochloride in ampoules for hjrpodermic use. Through your jobber or direct from our nearest branch THE NORWICH PHARMACAL CO. Unguenttne and Standardized Pharmaceuticals Executive Office and Laboratories NORWICH, NEW YORK NEW YORK CHICAGO KANSAS CITY Your Percentage of Profit increases with Volume of Sales ^ife^ on the aggressively adver- tised, full-priced PLUTO WATER Our advertising campaign direct to the medical profession will bring you many pre- scriptions. The uniformly gratifying experi- ence of thousands of progressive druggists in- sures YOUR success. Pluto display material establishes your store as a distinctly high-class pharmacy. Investigate our quantity lot discount and send for our full window display free on re(|uest. French Lick Springs Hotel Co. FRENCH I.ICK, INDIANA N. B Order i for nhipment between the oold snaps avoid freezint; en route EASY TO SELL Because it is a reliable, quick-acting Laxative that is pleasant to take and has no bad after effects. EX-LAX The Sweet Chocolate Laxative has become a self-selling staple that makes satis- fied customers and allows the Druggist a handsome profit. EX-LAX MANUFACTURING COMPANY 29-31 DeKalb Avenue Brooklyn, N. Y. CHICAGO OFFICE: SAN FRANCISCO OFFICE: North Fifth Avenue Fillmore Street December, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 33 Prices Current of Drugs and Chemicals TO SUBSCRIBERS — In comparing your inToicewiu. the prices in this Prices Current, remember that the prices here given are those ruling in the New York market, and are the average prices charged to retail druggists. For large quantities and original packages lower prices should be charged. Quality should always be taken into consideration. . . lb. .45 — .50 . .lb. .55 — .60 55 — .61) lb !28 — [32 . .lb. 1.25 — 1.40 ..lb. .45 — .50 ..lb. 18.00 —20.00 .,Ib. .10 — .12 ..lb. .12 — .15 ..lb. .35 — .38 — .60 ..lb. — 4.80 ..lb. .15 - .18 ..lb. .16 — .20 ..lb. .2U — .27 . .lb. — 2.40 ..lb. 2.00 — 2.25 ..lb. 2.05 — 2.25 ..lb. 2.10 — 2.35 .gal. .40 — .90 . .oz. .35 — .40 .08 — .10 — .15 . .or. .30 — .36 '.'.lb! ;s7 - !58 lb. .62 — .66 ..lb. .62 - .66 ..lb. .65 ..lb. .87 — 1.00 oz. — .19 . .oz. .10 — .15 ..lb. 1.20 — 1.35 - JO ..oz. .35 — .40 ..oz. .50 — .52 . .oz. .10 — .12 ..oz. .05 — .09 ...oz. .10 — .12 Acacia, select white 1st select powdered Fine granulated 1st .... Sorts Sorts, sifted Acetanilid Acetone, Pure CP., med.. Acetphenetidin, U.S.P Acid, Acetic, No. 8 (sp. gr., l.WO) U. S. P., 36 p. c C P.. Glacial, 99^^ p. c. Benzoic, Eng., true From Toluol Boracic, cryst Powdered Impalp Butyric, 100 p. c. Carbolic cryst., bulk 10 and 15-lb. cans 1-lb. bottles Crude, 10-95 p. c Chloracetic, 1-oz. v Chromic, 1-oz. ▼ CP Chrysophanic, true, v Cinnamic dtric, errtt (kegs) Granulated Powdered Formic, Cone, Mb. bot.. G.iIIic Vi. Vi, 1-lb. cartons Glyoerinapliotphorie Hippnric Hvdriodic, sp. gr. 1.150 .. Sealed Tube Hvdrobrom, cone, v bil., U.S.P., oz. V. incl Hydrocyanic 1 oz. rial, U.S.P Acid, Hydrophosphorous, sol., 30 per cent c U.S.P., 10 p. c c Lactic, cone, 1 oz. v c lb. .lb. Dilute Molybdic. C. P. .. 1 oz. vials oz. Muriatic, coml. 20 deg. (Carboys 120 lbs. IVi c.).lb. CP. Hydrochloric lb. Nitro-Muriatic lb. Oleic, purified lb. Oxalic lb. Powdered llj. Phosphoric, diluted lb. U.S.P.. 1880, 50 p. c. lb. Syrup, 85 per cent lb. Glacial sticks lb. cans lb. Pyrogallic, H and 1-lb. 1 oz. V lb. Picric lb. Pyrollgneous, purified lb. Crude fral. Salicylic, 1-lh. cartons lb. Bulk lb. From Gaultheria, oz v. Sulphuric, aromatic lb. Com'I. 66° (c. 160 lb.).... lb. lb. CP lb. Sulphurous, U.S.P. sol lb. Tannic, Phar., lb. cart lb. Medicinal lb. Tartaric, cryst lb. Powdered lb. Trichloracetic oz. Valeric, 1-oz. v oz. Acoin, 15 gr. v ea. Aconite Ivs., Eng., 1-lb. b lb. .12 Aconite Leaves, German ....lb. .20 Powdered lb. .24 Root, English lb. Powdered lb. Root, German lb. J5 Powdered lb. .31 Aconitine, Amorp., ^ oz. v. ea. Nitrate, Amorp., 15 gr. T....ea. Cryst., 15 gr ea. Adeps Lanae, Anhydrous lb. 1.40 Hydrous lb. 1.30 Agar Agar lb. .55 Agaricin oz. 1.20 Alcohol, Absolute gaL 4.50 Coloene, Sp., 95%, U.aP., bbls gal. Less gal. 2.78 Com'I 95% U.S.P., bbls... gal. Less gal. 2.70 Denatured.bbls.&i/^bbls. . . .gal. .47 Less gal. .50 Methylic (Wood), bbls.... gal. .53 Less gal. .60 Alkanet Root lb. .40 Alkannin, Powdered oz. Allspice, clean lb. .11 Powdered lb. .16 Almonds, Bitter, shelled lb. .43 Sweet Jordan lb. .43 Aloes, Barbadoes, true lb. 1.25 Powdered lb. 1.40 Cape lb. .14 Powdered lb. .20 Curacao, gourds lb. .19 — .22 Socotrine, True lb. .32 — .36 Powdered lb. .43 — .46 Purified lb. .75 -1.00 Aloin, 1 oz. V oz. .08 — .12 Althea, Root, cut lb. .60 — .65 Alum, Ammonia, bbls lb. .05f4 — .06 Dried, 1 lb. cartons lb. — .14 Ground, bbls. or less lb. .0514— .12 Powdered, bbls. or less... lb. .06'/— .14 ' .25 • .29 ■ too L15 ' .30 ' .36 1.75 too .60 t80 t60 .82 2.60 2.83 .52 • 6U .70 ■ .75 .45 • .IS ■ .20 • .53 .53 • t30 - 1.45 • .18 • .25 DISPENSING PHARMACISTS are men quick to recognize the real merits of the products they handle. They will, therefore, appreciate the excellent quality of the "M. C. W." POTASSIUM IODIDE. It meets the strictest requirements of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, and i.s supplied in both Crystals and Granular form. Also "M. C. W." SODIUM IODIDE. IODOFORM. THYMOL IODIDE, RESUBLIMED IODINE, etc. All care- i-an-fiilly prcpai-i'd nl' tlir liii^hcsl purity. Specify M. C. W. Original Packages Mallinckrodt Chemical Works ST. LOUIS NEW YORK 34 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [December. 1915 Prices Current of Drugs and Chemical s — {Continued) Aluminum Acetate lb. .75 - Mftallic, powdered oz. .12 - Sulphate, Com'l lb. .07 - Cryst., CP lb. .45 - Purified lb. .20 - Ambergris, gray dr. 4.00 - Ammonia, Water, 16 dsg lb. .05 - 20 deg lb. .07;^- 26 deg.. Cone lb. .09J4- Ammoniac, Gum, tears lb. .35 - Powdered lb. Ammonium, Acetate, cryst... oz. .10 - Benzoate oz. .24 - From true Benzoic A oz. .40 - Bromide, 1-lb. bots lb. 5.00 - Carbonate, Jars lb. .12 - Resubl. Cubes, 1 lb. bots. lb. .29 - Powdered lb. .18 - Citrate, 1 oz. v oz. .12 - Hypophosp. (lb. 1.85) oz. .15 - Iodide lb. 5.00 - Molybdate oz. .40 - Muriate lb. .14 - C P. Gran lb. .18 - Powdered lb. .15 - Nitrate, cryst lb. .25 - Granulated lb. .25 - Oxalate, 1 lb. bots lb. .60 - Phosphate, 1 lb. bots lb. .45 - Salicylate lb. 2.25 - Sulphate lb. .06 - Pure, resub lb. .25 - Valerate oz. .21 - Angelica Root, foreign lb. .35 - Seed lb. .40 - Anise Seed, Italian lb. .18 - Star lb. .34 - Annatto Seed lb. .15 - Apomorphine Muriate, Amor- phous, Yi oz. V ea. Crystals, Vt, oz. v ea. 2.25 - Aristol, Bayer oz. - Arnica Flowers lb. .38 - Powdered lb. .45 - Root lb. Arrowroot, American lb. .08 - Bermuda, true lb. .55 - Arrowroot, Jamaica lb. St. Vincent lb. .14 Taylor's Vi, lb. tin foil boxes. 12 lb lb. .34 Arsenic, Bromide, cryst oz. .20 Iodide oz. .45 White pow'd com'l lb. .08 Powdered, pure lb. .16 Yellow (Orpiraent) lb. .18 Powdered, Medic lb. .25 Asafetida, good, fair lb. .50 Powdered lb. .60 Balmony Leaves, Pressed lb. Atropine, 15 gr. v oz. Sulphate, 15 gr. v oz. Balsam Fir, Canada lb. .85 Oregon lb. .14 Tolu lb. .55 Barium Carb., prec. pure lb. .28 CP lb. .85 Caustic Hydrate, CP. cryst. lb. Chloride, 1-lb. bots lb. .15 Dioxide, Anhydrous lb. .55 CP., 1 lb. bots lb. Nitrate, powdered lb. .20 Pure, 1 lb. bots lb. .37 Sulphate, Pow. (Barytes)..lb. .07 Pure Precip lb. .25 Basswood Bark, Pressed lb. Bay berry Bark, select lb. .15 Bay Laurel Leares lb. .12 Bay Rum, P. R., bbls gal. 1.70 Less gal. 1.90 Beans, Tonka, Angostura ..lb. 1.25 Vanilla, Mexican, long. ...lb. 4.75 Short lb. 4.25 Cuts lb. 3.75 Bourbon lb. 3.75 Belladonna Leaves, English 1 lb. hot. lb. German lb. 2.00 Root, German lb. 2.20 Powdered lb. 2.30 Benzine gal. .30 Benzoin, Sumatra lb. .40 Powdered lb. .50 Benzosol, 1 oz. t oz. .tiO Berberine, CP., % oz. T....ea. Phi/sphate oz. Sulphate, 1 oz. v ea. 1.75 Berberis, Aquifolium lb. .20 Bismuth, Beta Naph. (Orphol). Bromide oz. Citrate and Ammonium lb. 4.20 Salicylate, 65 p.c lb. 4.00 40 p.c lb. 3.55 Sulj-benzoate lb. 4.90 Subcarbonate lb. 3.75 Subgallate lb. 3.85 Subiodide oz. .40 lb. 5.30 Subnitrate lb. 4.00 Tannate oz. .30 Valerate oz. .40 Blue Mass (Blue Pill) lb. .85 Powdered lb. .87 Blue Vitriol (see Copper Sulphate;. Bone, Cuttlefish lb. .40 Powdered lb. .20 Jeweler's lb. .65 Boneset, Leaves and Tops.. lb. Borax, Refined lb. .09 Powdered lb. .10 Buchu Leaves, long lb. 1.40 Powdered lb. 1.50 Short lb. 1.50 Powdered lb. 1.60 Buckthorn Bark lb. J« Buds, Balm of Gilead lb. .35 Cassia lb. .22 Burdock Root, Cmihed lb. .ID Seed lb. Cacao Butter, bulk lb. .45 Baker's A and white lb. .50 Dutch lb. .48 Huyler's, 12-lb. box lb. .50 Maillard's lb. .44 Caffeine, pure lb. 13.00 oz. 1.00 Benzoate oz. Bromide oz. .60 Citrated lb. 7.00 Hydrobrom., gran, eff lb. .60 3.75 5.20 4.25 4.00 .45 5.50 4.20 .35 .45 .90 .92 ■ 1.60 1.70 • .42 ■ .40 .28 - J4 ■ .a .50 .55 .50 .55 liiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii " ^ Vortex Sanitary Service Reduced in Price m Realizing the necessity for the lowest po.ssible cost of a Sanitary^ Soda Fountain Ser- g g vice, and enjoying an enormous increase in the volume of business, induces us to make a J I big reduction in the prices of our PARAFFIN PAPER CUPS, which becomes effective m '^1 December 1st, 1915 Youcan increaseyour businessand decrease the cost of your service by installing our System, thereby satisfying the ever increasing popular demand for better sjmitation in Soda Fountain Service. Ask your jobber for our new prices, and if he will not supply you — write us. THE VORTEX MFG. CO. Chicago llllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllli December. 1915] THE PHAKMACEUTICAL ERA 35 Prices Current of Drugs and Chemicals — {.Continued) Caffeine,nydrochlor,(true salt)oz. Sulphate, !iths o^. Valerate oz. Calamus Root, peeled lb. Powdered lb. White, peeled and split.. lb. Calcium, Benzoate oz. Bromide lb. Chloride, crude lb. Ftued lb. Grmnulated lb. Glycerophosphate oz. Hypophosphite lb. Iodide lb. Lactate oz. Lactophosphate Sol lb. Permanganate oz. Phosphate, Precip lb. Sulphate, Precip., pure. ...lb. Sulphite lb. Sulphocarbolate oz. Calendula Flowers lb. Calomel (see Mercury Chlor.) Camphor, re'd (bbls.) lb. lb. squares lb. Powdered lb. Japanese lb. Canary Seed, Sicilv Smvrna .' lb. Canella Bark. Powdered ....lb. Cannabis Indica Herb lb. Cantharides, Russ., sifted ..lb. Powdered lb. Capsicum lb. Powdered lb. Caraway lb. Powdered lb. Carbon Bisulphide lb. Cardamom Seed, bleached lb. Decorticated lb. Powdered lb. Carmine, No. 40 oz. Cascara Sagrada Bark lb. Caacarilla Bark lb. Powdered lb. Cassia, China lb. Powdered lb. Saigon, thin, select lb. Powdered lb. ("atechu, Medicinal lb. Catnip Lvs., presd., oz lb. Celery Seed lb. Ccresin, white lb. halk. Precipitated, Eng., 7 lb. bags Prepared, Eng., Thomas, box ihite. Pink box White, bbls lb. Chamomile Flowers, nung'n..lb. Roman or Belgian lb. Charcoal, Willow, pow'd lb. Chicle lb. Chinoidine oz. Chinolin, pure oz. Chiretta lb. Chloral Hydrate, cryst lb. Chloroform lb. Chrysarobin oz. Cinchona Bark, pale, selected. lb. Ked lb. Yellow, Calisaya lb. CiiH-honidine, Alkal., pure..oz. Salicylate oz. Sulphate lb. Cinchonine, Sulphate oz. Salicylate oz. Cloves lb. Powdered, pure lb. Cobalt, pow. (Fly Poison).... lb. Cocaine, .\lkaloid, oz. vial.oz. Hydrochlor., cryst., ozs oz. !s oz. vials oz. Oleate (5 p.c. Alk.) oz. Coca Leaves lb. Cocculus Ind. (Fish Ber.) lb. Powdered lb. Cochineal, Honduras lb. Powdered lb. Codeine oz. Phosphate oz. Sulphate oz. Colchicum Root lb. Powdered lb. Seed lb. Powdered lb. Collodion, U.S.P., 1900 lb. Flexible lb. Colocynth, select lb. Pulp lb. Colombo Root lb. Comfrey Root, Crushed lb. Condurango Bark, true lb. Conium Leaves lb. Seed lb. Copaiba, S. A lb. Para lb. Copper, Acetate, distilled. . .lb. Ammoniated lb. Carbonated lb. Chloride, Pure, cryst lb. Iodide oz. Subacetate (Verdigris) lb. Powdered lb. Sulphate (Blue Vit.) lb. Barrels lb. Powdered lb. Copperas 100 lbs. Coriander lb. Powdered lb. Corrosive Sublimate (see Mercury Bichloride). Cotoin, true, oz. v ea. Powdered lb. Coumarin oz. Cramp Bark lb. Cranesbill lb. Powdered lb. Cream Tartar, powd lb. Creosote, Beechwood lb. Carbonate oz. Croton Chloral (Butychlo.). .oz. Cubeb Berries, sifted lb. Powdered lb. Cudbear lb. Culver's Root lb. Cumin Seed lb. Damiana Leaves lb. Dandelion Herb lb. Root lb. Cut lb. Dextrine, Yellow lb. White lb. Digitalin, i/^ths oz. 15 gr. .10 .11 .21 .35 - .46 4.75 ■ .32 ■ .24 - .36 - .35 - .38 - .14 - .15 -10.75 - .70 THE LAST WORD IN METAL CAPS! THE "UPRESSIT" CAP is sure to revolutionize the cap industry. It will positively replace the present screw cap and other forced closures which are so difficult to remove and which leaves the mouth of the bottle or jar in such an unsanitary condition. It thoroughly protects the contents of the package and is easily USMetalCapfi^SealCo. 100 Broadway-NcwYork.N.Y. THE "UPRESSIT" CAP costs less than good corks and gives much bet- ter results. The entire top of the bottle or jar is covered, keeping it sanitary and clean. It cannot become loose and work off as the cap hugs the "lip" and preserves its contents. It avoids those unclean pouring lips so common in substances of an oily or volatile nature. 36 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [December, 1915 Prices Current of Drugs and Chemical s — {Continued) Digitalis Leaves, Eng lb. German lb. Powdered lb. Pressed, ors lb. Dog Grass, Cut lb. Dover's Powder lb. Dragon's Blood, powd lb. Extra lb. Powdered lb. Reeds lb. Duotol oz. Dwarf Elder lb. Elateriura oz. Elderberries lb. Flowert, preised lb. Juice, Sambuci lb. Elecampane Root lb. Ground lb. Elm Bark select lb. Ground, pure lb. Powdered, pure lb. Epsom S. (see Mag. Sul.) Ergot, Russian lb. Powdered lb. Ether, Acetic lb. Chloric, U.S.? lb. Nitrous Conct lb. U.S.P lb. U.S.P., 1880 lb. Valeric oz. Washed lb. ■acaine Hydrochlor oz. Eucalyptol, U.S.? oz. Bucalyptus Leaves lb. Euonymin (Eclec. powd.)...oz. Euphorbium lb. Powdered lb. Euquinine , oz. Exalgine oz. Fennel Seed lb. Feverfew Herb, ozs lb. Flaxseed, cleaned bbls. Less lb. Ground lb. Foenugreek Seed lb. Ground lb. Formaldehyde lb. Fuller's Earth lb. Galangal Root, selected lb. Powdered lb. .18 - .35 - 8.75 - m2- Galbanum, Strained lb. Gamboge, blocky lb. Powdered lb. Select, Pipe, bright lb. Garlic, on strings string Gaultberia (see Wintergreen.) Gelanthum lb. Gelatin, pink lb. Gold lb. Silver lb. Gelsemin (Resinoid) oz. Gelseminine, C P., crystals, German, 15 gr. v ea. Sulphate, IS gr. rials ea. Gelsemium Root lb. Powdered lb. Gentian Root lb. Powdered lb. Ginger Root, African .lb. Powdered lb. Jamaica, bleached lb. Ground lb. Powdered lb. Ginseng lb. Glycerin lb. Gold and Sodium Chloride, U.&P. IS ft. T doz. Gold Thrd. (Coptis trifol)....lb. Golden Seal Root lb. Powdered lb. Grains of Paradise lb. Powdered lb. Grindelia Robusta Herb lb. Powdered lb. Guaiac, Resin lb. Powdered lb. Wood, rasped lb. Guaiacol, liquid lb. Carbonate oz. Salicyl, (Guaiac. Salol) oz. Valerianate (Geosote) oz. Guarana (PauUinia) lb. Powdered lb. Gun Cotton (Pyroxylin) oz. Gutta Percha, crude chips... lb. Sheet lb. Heliotropin , oz. Hemlock Bark, crushed lb. Powdered lb. Hemol oz. .lb. Hemp Seed Henbane Leaves, Eng. German lb. Powdered lb. Seed lb. Henna Leaves lb. Heroin Hydrochl., IS gr. v...ea. Hexamethylenamine lb. Holocain, 1 gm. Tials ea. Homatropin Alk gr. Hydrobromide gr. Hydrochloride gr. Salicylate and Sulphate. . .gr. Honey, strained lb. Hops, select(1914) lb. Pressed, H & 'A \h. pkgs..lb. Hydrastine, Alk., CP oz. Hydrochloride oz. ^5Ulphate oz. Hydrochinon oz. Hydrogen, Peroxide, Sol., Medicinal lb. Sol. Technical lb. Hyoscine Hydrob. 1 gr. v gr. Hyoscyamine, Amorph., IS gr. Crystals, white gr. Hydrobromide gr. Iceland Moss lb. Ichthyol lb. Indigo, Bengal, true lb. Manila lb. Insert Powder lb. Pure Uncol'd Dalmatian, .lb. Iodine Bromide oz. Resublimed lb. Iodoform, cryst. & pow'd lb. Deodorized oz. Ipecac Root, Cartagena lb. Rio lb. Powdered lb. Powdered lb. Irish Moss, bleached lb. Irisin (Eclectic powder) oz. Iron, Acetate, dry oz. Bromide oz. Benzoate oz. Chloride, cryst., U.S.P lb. Citrate, U.S.P lb. and Ammonia, Sol lb. .40 .12 .36 .39 28.00 28.00 28.00 .55 .35 .25 ■ .30 • 3.75 .35 .20 .16 4.75 4.25 1.35 ■ .60 .75 .50 4.90 S.2D .64 2.85 3.60 3.75 Free Goods Special Offer With UTIMT^C HONEY® I CREAM To^Ui-Oely Ej>cpire^ "Dec. 51, 1915 "Details "Ready for Mailing /fox). 3— Write at Once A. S. HINDS 18-20-22 WEST ST., PORTLAND, MAINE December, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 37 Prices Current of Drugs and Chemicals — {Continued) Iron and Quin. Cit. U.S.P. (12 p. c Q.) Scales.... lb. Quinine and Strychnine. lb. Hypophosphite lb. Iodide 01. Syrup lb. Nitrate, Solution, U.S.P....lb. O-xalate (1-erroui) oz. Phosphate, gran. lb. bts...lb. U. S. P. Scales lb. Precipitated. 1 lb. bets. ...lb. Protocarb, (Vallet's M.) ..lb. Pyrophos. Scales Sol lb. Quevenne's (by hydgn) lb. Salicylate oz. Sesquichloride lb. Solution lb. Subiulphate lb. Solution (Monsel's) lb. Sulph. (Copperas) 100 lbs. Cryst. pure lb. Dried lb. Tartrate and Aramoniuni. .lb. and Potassium, Scales ...lb. Tersulph., Sol., U.S.P lb. Valerate oz. Isinglass, Russian lb. Jaborandi Leaves lb. Powdered lb. Jalap Root, selected lb. Powdered lb. Juniper Berries lb. Kamala lb. Powdered lb. Purified lb. Kaolin lb. Kino lb. Powdered lb. Kola Nuts, sml. and lge....lb. Powdered lb. Kousso, powdered lb. Lactucarium lb. Ladies' Slipper Root lb. Lanolin lb. Anhydrous lb. Larender Flowers lb. Lead Acetate (Sugar) lb. Chloride lb. Iodide, powdered oz. Nitrate lb. Lead Oxide, Medicinal lb. .80 - Red lb. .10 — Subacetate, Solution lb. .12 — Leeches, best Swedish ea. .12 — Lemon Peel, Ribbons lb. .15 — Ground lb. .20 — Licorice, Corig lb. .42 — .Mass lb. .41 — Powdered lb. .45 — Root, Russian, cut lb. .33 — Powdered lb. .35 — Root, Spanish, bundles lb. .17 — Powdered lb. .20 — Lime, Chlorinated, bulk lb. .05 — .-\ssorted, 1, and Vn, lb.... lb. .10 — L.th.um Acetate oz. - Bitartrate oz. — Bromide lb. 6.00 — Carbonate lb. 1.40 — Citrate lb. 1.70 — Glycerophosphate oz. .35 — Salicylate lb. 4.00 — Lobelia Herb lb. .20 — Powdered lb. .25 — Seed, clean lb. .35 — Powdered lb. Lovage Root, select, white.. lb. .90 — Seed lb. .60 Lupulin lb. Lycopodium lb. Mace, whole lb. Powdered lb. Magnesium, Benzoate oz. Calcined lb. Carbonate, 4 ozs lb. 2 oza lb. Powdered lb. PonderoiM lb. Glycerophosphate oz. Hypophosphite, pure oz. Metal, Powdered oz. Ribbon oz. Phosphate, pure oz. Sulphate (Sal. Epsom) lb. CP. Crystals lb. Dried lb. Malva Flowers, large lb. Blue, small lb. 2.00 Mandrake Root lb. .18 Powdered lb. .23 2.50 - .80 — .30 — 1.7S — .40 — .75 - .06 — .06 — .18 — .20 — Manganese, Bromide oz. .23 — .28 Carbonate, cryst., medic... oz. .08 — .10' Chloride, cryst lb. .30 — .40 Hypophosphite lb. 1.75 — 1.90 Lactate oz. .22 — .25 Oxide, black, powd lb. .10 — .20 Manna, flake, large lb. 1.25 — 1.35 Small lb. 1.20 — 1.30 Matico Leaves lb. .40 — '5 Menthol, cryst lb. 3.60 — 3.80 oz. .25 — .30 Mercury lb. 1.65 — 1.80 Ammon. (white precip.). . . .lb. 1.90 —1.95 Bichloride (cor. sub.) lb. 1.54 — 1.62 Powdered lb. 1.50 — 1.60 Bisulphate lb. 1.35 — 1.45 Chloride, mild (Calomel) ..lb. 1.61 —1.67 Iodide, green Proto lb. 3.60 — 4.25 Red (Pre.)" Biniodide....lb. 3.75 —4.50 Nitrate Solution oz. .10 — .15 Oxide, red (Red Precip.)... lb. 1.70 —1.90 Yellow oz. .16 — .20 Salicylate oz. .27 — .30 Sulphate (Turp. Mineral), .lb. 1.25 —1.80 Mercury with Chalk (by suc- cussion lb. .95 — l.OO Millet Seed lb. .07 — .13 German lb. — Morphine, Acetate Ji-oz. vial oz. 7.35 — 7.50 Alkaloid, pure, Ji-oz. v....oz. 7.35 —7.50 Hydrobromide, V^-oz. v oz. 6.00 — 6.50 Hydrochloride, y%-QZ. v oz. 6.00 — 6.40 Sulphate, 1-oz. v oz. 6.00 — 6.35 Vi-oz. vial oz. 6.10 — 6.40 Valerate, Yi-az. v oz. 6.10 — 6.40 Mullein Flowers, 1 lb. cans. .lb. 2.10 —2.20 Musk Root lb. 1.70 — 1.95 Powdered lb. 1.85 — 2.10 Mustard Seed, black lb. .13 — .18 Ground lb. .18 — .20 White lb. .17 — .20 Ground lb. .28 — .35 Myrrh (Gum-Resin) lb. .28 — .40 Naphthalene, flake or balls.. lb. .16 — .18 Nickel, Acetate oz. — .17 Bromide oz. — .18 Nickel and Ammon, Sulph... lb. .19 — .22 Sulphate lb. — .27 NutgalU lb. .30 — .3i WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS WEST VIRGINIA A European Cure •• •• Open All the Year The Greenbrier Hotel EUROPEAN PLAN Fine.st Bath Establishment in America connected directly with X\u; IIot( I. Xauheim and all principal baths of European Health Resorts are given with equal benefit in Winter as in Summer. Special care given to diet under supervision of physician. Digestivi' . and kidney disorders, obesity, neuritis, rheuiiiatisiii. and kindred di.seases specially treated in the Bath-hou.se by a staff of skilled attendants. I I I I I I I I n I DR. G. B. CAPITO RESIDENT PHYSICIANS DR. OSCAR KNIFFLER of Weisbaden 38 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [December, 1915 Consider the Profit on an Investment of $2.00 TURNED OVER EACH MONTH BUY A DOZEN MRS. WINSLOW'S SOOT HING S YRUP With the assistance of our advertising you should be able to sell one dozen each month ANGLO-AMERICAN DRUG CO. 215-217 Fulton Street, New York Weeks Proteds Your Profits Fifteen years ago, we said you could always buy "Weeks' Break-Up-A-Cold Tablets" at this price $1 75 Per Dozen ^Bs^:FJei^i;£ l^ii: n^L.i U 1 CI A^vF^^lt4Doz. FreeWithl2Doz. No Raise in Price, Free Goods Remain the Same. Push goods that Protect Your Profits and Please Your Customers. D. WEEKS & COMPANY, DES MOINES, IOWA illiniill fillilllllllllllllllllllillllllllllfi iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii||nn ^ December, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 39 Prices Current of Drugs and Che mica.\s—{Con(inued] Notsail*, powdered lb. JS — .42 Nntmegs lb. .21 — .26 Extra Urge 80 to lb. .25 — .30 Nox Vomica lb. .12 — .14 Powdered lb. M — J6 Oil, Almond, bitter lb. 9.00 —10.00 Without Acid lb. 12.00 —liM Almond, Sweet, pure lb. .90 — 1.10 Amber, crude, dark lb. .28 — .32 Rectified lb. .40 — .45 Aniseed, Star lb. 1.30 — 1.40 Benne (Sesame), Imported, bbls., or less gal. 1.25 — 1.35 Bergamot lb. 3.50 — 3.85 Birch, black (Betula) lb. 3.75 — 4.25 C*de lb. .25 - .30 Cajuput, bottles lb. 1.00 — 1.10 Camphor lb. .20 — .26 Captietun, red oz. .30 — .40 Caraway lb. 2.38 — 2.53 Cassia lb. 1.25 — 1.45 Castor, American lb. .1314 — .18!: Cedar Leaves, pure lb. .65 — .75 Celery oz. .85 — .95 Chaulmoogra lb. 1.60 — 1.70 Cinnamon, Ceylon oz. .80 — .90 Citronella lb. .55 — 1.25 Cloves lb. 1.40 — 1.50 Cod Liver, Norwegian ....gal. 3.25 —3.50 Bbls ea. 80.00 —85.00 Vj bbls ea. ^3.00 Copaiba, pure lb. 1.10 — 1.25 Coriander oz. .90 — 1.00 Cottonseed, yel. & white.. gal. .75 — .90 Croton lb. 1.20 — 1.55 Cobeb lb. 3.40 — 3.50 Caiain lb. 4.60 — 4.85 Dill oz. .40 — .45 EriKcron, true lb. 1.35 — L40 Encalrptos lb. .75 — .85 Fennel Seed, pure lb. 3.75 — 4.00 Gaultheria Leaf lb. 4.75 — 5.25 Geranium, Rose, natr lb. 5.00 — 5.50 Ginger oz. .45 — .50 Haarlem. Dutch gross 2.30 — 2.45 Gold Medal Tilly, large, gross — Regular gross — Capsules gross —27.00 Sylvester's doz. — 3.00 Wood lb. Lard gal. Lavender, Mi ' Flowers lb. Garden, French Lemon lb. Lemougrass lb. Linseed, boiled gal. Raw gal. Male Fern, Ethereal lb. Mustard, artificial lb. E.xpressed gal. Neatsfoot gal. Neroli, Bigarade best oz. Petale, e.ttra oz. Nutmeg lb. Olive Lucca, Cream, yi g»\. and 1 gal. cans gal. 3 and 6 gal. cans gal. Malaga gal. Orange, bitter lb. Sweet lb. Paraffin gaJ. Peach kernels lb. Pennyroyal lb. Pepper, black (Oleoresin, U. S. P.) lb. Peppermint, N. Y lb. Hotchkiss lb. Western lb. Pimenta lb. Poppy, true lb. Rape Seed gal. Rose, Kissanlik oz. Rosemary Flowers lb. Trieste lb. Rue, pure oz. Salad, Union Oil Co gal. Sandalwood, English lb. Sassafras lb. Spearmint, pure lb. Sperm, winter, blchd gal. Tansy Tar, U.S.R Thyme Red, No. White ... Whale .lb. gal. 1 lb. lb. lb. gal. -3 JO - 3.35 - LfiS - 2.35 - 4.00 - JO - .60 - 2.40 -3 JO - 2.35 - 3.05 - 2.30 -2.7S - JS5 - 1.00 -12.00 - 1.15 - .90 - .50 - .90 Oil, Wine, Ethereal, light.. lb. Heavy, true, f. grapes lb. Wintergreen lb. Synthetic lb. Wormseed, Baltimore lb. Wormwood, Amer., good ..lb. Ointment, Mercurial, % mer- cury lb. 1/3 mercury lb. Opium (Natural) lb. Granulated lb. U.S.P., Powdered lb. Orange Flowers lb. Peel. Curacoa lb. Orris, Florentine lb. Select Finger lb. Verona lb. Paraffin lb. Paraform oz. Paraldehyde lb. Pareira Brava Root lb. Paris Green lb. Pelletierine Tan. 15 gr. v ea. Pepper, black, clean sifted.. lb. White lb. Peppermint, Herb. Germ lb. Leaves, pressed, ozs lb. Petrolatuin, U.S.P., white ..lb. Phenacetin, Bayer oz. Phosphorus, Amorphous lb. Pilocakrpine, Alk., pnre (r. Hydrobromide, S gr. r gr. Hydrochloride gr. Nitrate gr. Pink Root, true lb. Piperidine oz. Piperin oz. Pitch, Burgundy lb. Plaster, Calcined bbl. Tme, dentisu' sifted ....bbl. Pleurisy Root lb. Powdered lb. Podophyllin (Resin) lb. Poke Berries Root Powdered Poppy Head* Seed, blue (Maw) . White Potassa, Caustic White, sticks lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. 2.75 4.50 4.75 10.75 12,00 11.75 1.30 .10 .25 1.65 com. - 3.00 - 5.50 - 5.25 - 4.35 - 2.35 - 2.85 - 1.10 - 1.00 -11.00 -12.50- -12.25 - 1.4S - .15 - .30 - 2.10 - .26 - .U - .14 - 2.25 - .25 .55 .30 .15 1.25. 1.15 .07 .07 .06 .01 .70 too .65 Yo ur P reparations « » ^ «r» PUT UP IN 1 14 JJ C C> Ask about'' our facilities for FILLING, CLOSING AND ■ CLIPPING Collapsible TUBES— also boxing and shipping. ■ If desired, we will ni.ike up your preparations for you. No ■ !,ir.:e ,r :.,r, small, PROMPT DELIVERY— ■ ATTRACTIVE PRICES. ■ DUANE LABORATORIES, 57 Duane St., New York I WOULD YOU show this standard high grade 42 key fully visible typewriter to your friends and let them see wherein it excels any other $100 typewriter, if by doing this and rendering other small assistance, you could easily have one GIVEN YOU to keep as your own' Then by post card or letter to siniplv sav, "Mall Particulars." Woodstock Typewriter Co., Dept. D221, Chicago, 111. KING OF The housewives have claimed J-O King of Exter- minators J-O rids homes of Roaches, Rats, Mice and Watcrbugs quickly Sold for over 40 years with our "money back if it fails" guarantee. Recommend it to your customers (Powder and liquid forms also ) Manufac- tured by John Opitz. Inc. 183 East Third St., Nf w York. Way Popula PRICE 75 CENTS useful article for the office, used for moistening stamps Why Has The PEERLESS Moistener Won Its to larity? Ask Marshall Field & Co., John M. Smyth & Co., and thousands of other firms, large and stnall, in this and other countries. ifelopes, fingers or labels. Made of Aluminum and German Silver. Attractive discounts to Dealers. Write for particulars. Sample sent on approval. PEERLESS MOISTENER CO. 840 S. CLAREMOIIT AVE., CHICAGO, ILL. Sal Hepatica $2.00 $4.00 $8.00 Per Doz. Gasirogee Tablets $4 00 $24,00 Per Doz. Cliotoii Cascara Active $2.00 $10.20 Per Doz. All Jobbers Bristol-Myers Co, New York 40 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [December, 1915 Prices Current of Drugs and Chemicals — {Continued) Potassium, Acetate ...lb. .52 — .60 .22 — .25 Bicarbonate ...lb. .50 — .55 lb. — .32 CP ,.lb. — .40 Bitartrate, Ref. (Cream Tar- tar) pure powd ...Ib. .37 — .45 ..lb. .32 — .36 lb. 5.50 6.00 Carbonate (Pearl Ash).. ...lb. .28 — .45 CP ...lb. .60 — .65 Refined (Sal. Tartar). ...lb. .45 — .55 Chlorate ...lb. .50 .55 Powdered ...lb. .51 — .56 Purified and gran ...lb. .55 .65 Chloride, C. P ...lb. .30 — .40 ...lb. .85 — .90 .15 .25 , ,1b. 1.10 — 1.25 Iodide lb. 4.00 — 4,50 Lactophosphate . . .oz. .20 — .24 lb. .38 — .42 ,..lb. .39 — .43 .40 — .45 Permanganate . . .lb. 1.55 1.65 Pure, powdered ,1b. 1.60 — 1.70 3.75 Yellow ..,1b. .90 — 1.10 Salicylate lb .20 !32 C. P ...lb. .32 .40 Sulphide .42 .45 Tartrate, Powdered (Sol Tartar) lb 75 .85 Prickly Ash Bark lb .25 .30 lb ^32 [37 Berries lb !20 [25 2.10 Powdered .. .lb. .11 — .14 . . .lb. .15 .25 lb. .34 .37 Quince Seed ...lb. .90 1.00 Quinidine Alk., cryst . . .oz. .80 .90 Sulph .70 .90 i.'oo .86 1.02 .70 90 Quinine, Carbolate ...oz. .84 - 1.00 — 1.05 Hydrochloride ...oz. — 1.05 — .90 Salicylate .. .oz. — 1.00 Sulphate, 100-oz. tins . . .oz. - 1.90 5 oz. tins — 1.95 1 oz. vials — 2.00 Tannate - 1.05 — 1.03 Quinoline Tartrate — .90 Rape Seed, English ...lb. - .14 German ...lb. — .12 — .10 Ground ...lb. — .12 Resin, common Good, strained, .per 280 ...lb. — .06 lbs. ...lb. - .16 ...lb. 8.00 —10.00 Rhubarb, Canton ..lb. — .82 Clippings ...lb. — .45 Powdered lb. - .90 Powdered, extra tins . ...lb. — .90 Rochelle Salt ..,1b. .28!^ .35 Rose Leaves, pale . ,, lb. Red 2.25 — 2.40 - 1,75 — .50 — .40 Iodide, 1 oz. v 2.25 — 2,50 Rue, Herb, pressed, ozs . . . ...lb. ,30 — ..^6 Saffron Amer. (Saf flower). ...lb. — .90 Spanish, true, Valencia. ...lb. 12'.25 —12.60 Safrol .32 - .i* Sage, leaves ...lb. .20 — .50 Domestic lb. .42 — .46 lb. .25 Salicin ..lb. 4.65 — 7',20 Salol .,1b. 8.75 —10.00 .. lb. .20 - .25 Ground ...lb. .25 - .30 Sandarac, Gum, clean ..lb. .32 — .36 3.50 — 3.60 Sarsaparilla Root, Hon. cu t..lb. .55 — .60 Mexican, cut ..lb. .25 — .30 ..lb. .30 — .35 Sassafras, Pith .18 — .20 Bark lb. .20 — .25 ..lb. .25 — .30 Saw Palmetto Berries .... ...lb. .18 — .20 JQ Scopolamine Hydrobromide Hydrochloride, S gr. v. ..ea. 3.00 .75 3J0 1.00 Skullcap Herb ..lb. .35 _ .40 Senega Root ..lb. .46 J6 .,1b. .54 .23 .64 .30 ..lb. Senna Leaves, Alexandria. ..lb. .40 .50 ..lb. .35 _ .40 .lb. .32 .38 Serpentaria (Va. Snake root). lb. .50 .62 1.00 1.04 .38 r used cones .. .... ..lb. oticK (Lunar Caustic) . .oz. .44 .48 Oxide 1.00 1.05 1.36 Simaruba, ^"'1' Root . .24 JO CL-. 1 "r^'lklr ""-D "ik' ■ "l?" .29 .20 Snake Root, Canada ..lb. ^40 '3 ..lb. .45 Iss box. 6.50 3.50 3.75 5.7S 6.00 ..lb. .30 .35 Soap Tree Bark, whole ..lb. .14 .16 Cut ..lb. .18 .24 Powdered ..lb. .20 .25 Soda Ash ..lb. .03 _ .OS Caustic, purified, fused.. ..lb. .25 .30 Sodium Acetate ..lb. .15 .30 Arsenate ..lb. .20 .55 Arsenite, pure lb. .60 ..lb. 4.25 4.50 From True Benzoic A . ..lb. ..lb. .25 .30 CP., Powdered ..lb. .10 14 ..lb. .20 "25 Bitartrate ..lb. .80 .90 Bromide lb. 5.58 6.00 Carbon. (Sal Soda). 100.. lb». 1.00 1.50 CP., cryst.. U. S. P. . ..lb. .12 .11 ..lb. .16 .18 Granulated ..lb. .02M- .04 (3iloride, CP ..lb. .18 JO Dried ..lb. .30 .35 Cinnamate . .oz. .25 .29 If you sold nothing in the line of 'bichloride tablets' but our accident-proof **Threa.ded Tablets o/ Mercury 'Bichloride** you would be doing your share toward preventing these cases of bichloride poisoning that are happening every few days somewhere, for nobody could possibly mistake them for 'headache' or other kind of 'home remedy' tablets. They are the only antiseptic 'tablets on a string.' That is why they are often called 'fool-proof bichlorides.' Put up only by us and only in 25s; and each of the 25 is fastened to the other 24 by a strong thread which must be cut before any of the table's can be used. Do jrotir share toward stopping these preventable accidents. We are gladly doing our share by making them solely for the drug-trade and medical pro- fession. They are made right and priced right. Sharp i^l Dohme Sole MaKer^ of '^Threaded Tablets of Mercxiry Bichloride" December, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 41 Prices Current of Drugs and Chemicals — {Concluded) Sodium Citrate lb. .70 — .80 C P lb. — 1.30 Glycerophosphate, 75 p. c.oz. .16 — .20 Hypophosphite lb. .90 — 1.10 Hyposulphite, cryst lb. .04 — .06 Kegs. 112 lbs. lb. .02J4— .03 Granular lb. .02)^— .06 Iodide, oz., .37— .42 lb. 4.25 — 4.S0 Lactophosphate oz. .14 — .18 Phosphate, cryst lb. .07 — .10 Pure granulated lb. .09 — .13 Recrystallized lb. .13 — .16 Dried lb. .22 — .24 Phosphomolybdate oz. .45 — .50 Salicylate lb. 4.25 — 4.50 From Oil Wintergreen. .oz. .32 — .36 Silicate, dry lb. .12 — .20 Liquid lb. .04 — .08 Sulphate (Sal Glauber) ..lb. .03 — .04 Pure cryst lb. .08 — .10 Dry lb. .08 — .12 Sulphocarb. (Sulphophen.). .lb. 1.10 —1.25 and Potassium Tartrate (Rochelle Salt) lb. .28^J— .35 Solomon's Seal Root lb. .16 — .20 Sorbilin oz. — .60 Spearmint Leaves, ozs lb. .34 — .38 Spermaceti, cakes lb. .36 — .40 Spruce Gum lb. 1.00 — 1.10 Extra lb. 1.50 - 1.65 Spirit, Ammonia, U.S.P lb. .54 — .69 Aromatic lb. .50 — .55 Nitre, U.S.P lb. .47 - .52 Spirits Turpentine gal. .62 — .70 Squill, Root, white lb. .12 — .14 Stillingia Root lb. .17 — .20 Powdered lb. .23 — .26 Stora.x, liquid lb. .40 — .50 Stramoniuin Leaves lb. .28 — .35 Powdered lb. .34 — .39 Pressed, ozs lb. .36 — .40 Seed lb. .20 — .22 Powdered lb. .25 — .28 Strontium Acetate oz. .11 — .15 Bromide lb. 5.70 — 6.00 Iodide oz. .37 — .40 Lactate oz. .09 — .12 Nitrate, dry lb. .30 — .35 Granular, CP lb. .50 — 55 S.iUcvlate lb. 2.75 - 2.90 Strophanthus, Seed, brown... lb. .75 - Green lb. Powdered lb. 1.00 - Strychnine, Acetate, ^ths..oz. 1.60 - Alk., pow'd, Js oz. V oz. 1.15 - Nitrate, ^ oz. v oz. 1.50 - Sulphate, % oz. v oz. 1.15 - Sugar of Milk, pow'd lb. .20 - 1 lb. cartons lb. .22 - Sulfonal, Bayer oz. L. & F oz. Sulphonmethane, U. S. P. ...lb. 8.00 - oz. .60 - Sulphonethylmeth, U. S. P.. lb. 9.50 - oz. .70 - Sulphur, Bromide oz. Flowers lb. .02}^- Lac, precipitated lb. .16 - Roll lb. ..OZYj- Washed lb. .09 - Sunflower Seeds lb. .09 - Talcum, powdered lb. .04 - Purified lb. .16 - Tamarinds kegs 3.00 - Ta- Barbados gal. .60 - No. Carolina, pt. cans doz. - Tartar Emetic lb. 68 - Terpin Hydrate, 1 lb. car.. ..lb. .45 - Thvmol lb. 13.00 - Iodide, U.S.P lb. 9.50 - oz. .60 - Tragacanth, Aleppo, extra... lb. 2.35 - Aleppo, No. 1 lb. 2.30 - Turkey, No. 1 lb. No. 2 lb. Powdered lb. 1.90 - Turpentine, Chian, gen oz. .33 - Venice lb. .80 - Uva Ursi lb. .15 - Powdered lb. .22 - Valerian Root, English lb. .85 - Powdered lb. .95 - German lb. .45 - Powdered lb. .50 - Vanillin oz. .65 - Veratrum Viride, Root lb. .15 - Powdered lb. .25 - Verdigris, powdered, pure ..lb. .45 - VVahoo, Bark of Root lb. .45 - Bark of tree lb. .25 - - .50 ■14.00 •10.40 • .70 - 2.50 - 2.48 Wax, Bay lb. .27 Bees, yellow lb. .42 White lb. .45 Carnauba, No. 1 lb. .50 Japan lb. .18 White Hellebore, Root lb. .09 Powdered lb. .15 Wild Cherry Bark lb. .12 Ground lb. .14 Powdered lb. .21 Wild Indigo Root lb. .18 Ground lb. .25 Willow Bark, black lb. White lb. Witch Hazel. Extract, double Dist gal. .70 Barrels gal. .55 Bark lb. .16 Leaves, pressed, ozs lb. .24 Wormseed (Chenopodium) ...lb. .16 Powdered lb. .22 Levant (Santonica) lb. 1.75 Powdered lb. 1.80 Wormwood, bulk lb. .20 Pressed, ozs lb. Powdered lb. .25 Verba Santa lb. .25 Zinc, Acetate, 1 lb. bots....lb. .40 Bromide oz. .12 Chloride, fused lb. .30 Granulated lb. .30 Medicinal lb. Iodide oz. .40 Hypophosphite oz. .25 Lactophosphate oz. Metallic, C. P lb. .35 Gran., free from arsenic. lb. .45 Oleate oz. Oxide, American, U.S.P... lb. .22 Eng. Hubbuck's lb. .50 Permanganate oz. .45 Phosphide oz. .20 Salicylate oz. .14 Stearate oz. .09 Sulphate, crystals lb. .08 C. P lb. .15 Dried lb. .25 **/^ will bring you more profits than pills — and help pay some of your bills^^ Best Christmas gift that can be bought for every man, kefoman and child who uses pencils* STOCK :: DISPLAY DEMONSTRATE :: SELL The CHICAGO Pencil Sharpener foNE ■DOLLAR S'end for Sample and Special •Proposition I Automatic Pencil Sharpener Co. jg 1305 Garland Building Chicago, 111* It Cets^ The Crowd '"M 42 THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA [December, 1915 A Xmas Suggestion "LJAVE YOU a young man or woman in your em- ploy whom you would like to remember at Christmas time? What, then, could be more appropriate than enrollment as a student in the Era Course in Pharmacy ? There have been over nine thousand students entered in this home study course and it is generally acknowledged to be the best study in Phar- macy outside of a regular col- lege course. The very nominal fee of $10 covers the entire course of ten lectures and a diploma to the graduate. Should you want to give some deserving clerk the benefit of this course we will write him (or her) direct telling him (or her) of your Christmas gift. Enclose remittance ($10.00) with name of student and we will do the rest. Address, Director, ERA COURSE IN PHARMACY No. 3 PARK PLACE NEW YORK You Cannot Lose A Cent This old, strong, company, which never quibbles nor side-steps, puts the most positive kind of a guaranty On PINEX "Complete satisfaction or money back" goes with every package and we stand behind you for the full re- tail price. No lost profits. Pinex sales increase steadily year by year. It's as staple as cotton, wheat or sugar. The Pinex Company Fort Wayne Indiana Another Sales Compelling Feature Has Been Added to The Highly Attractive Windov Display of Sanaioqen THE FOOD '/tonic A Cut-Out of New and Striking Design Send for it at once and profit by our Fall Advertising Campaign which is more aggressive than ever THE BAUER CHEMICAL CO. 30 Irving Place, NEW YORK December, 1915] THE PHARMACEUTICAL ERA 43 WHERE a Buy FOR THE DRUG TRADE I A PRACTICAL SERVICE for Manufacturers and Supply Houses which enables them to keep all the Buyers of the Drug Trade constantly ad- vised as to what Goods they make or supply and where the same may be obtained. ^ Published each month in The PHARMACEUTICAL Era. 4 All classified according to the recognized departments of the modern drug store as given below and all fully INDEXED by goods and by firm names. Arranged by Drug Store Departments: — Orugs, Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals ^ Surgrical and Dental Instruments * Physicians and Surgeons Supplies Colleges and Schools of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical and Chemical Books, etc. Drug Brokers and Manufacturers Agents ^ Wholesale and Importing Druggists Hospital Furniture and Supplies Alcohol, Wines and Liquors All Goods for Prescription Department Proprietary and Patent Medicines and all kinds of Proprietary Goods and articles not otherwise classified. Toilet preparations, if not medicinal* are included in Sundry Department. ncptueiiiiyJLkpl Note also Stationery and Optical De> partments and some proprietary goods will be found in the Paint, Fountain, Candy and Supply DepU. This Dept. is primarily for Proprietary Medicines. AD kinds of Drug Sundries, Rubber Goods, Toilet Articles, Hair and Tooth Brashes, Combs, Manicure Goods euid Holiday Goods, Musical Goods and In. ttraments. Leather Goods, Cutlery, Eu. Atomizers, Barber's Supplies, Bath Good* Sponges and Chamois, Sponge Baskets Perfumes, Colognes and Toilet Cases Toilet Soaps and Shaving Goods Safety Razors and Safety Strops. Eio. Books, Periodicals and Stationery, Etc. Blank Books, Calendars and Post Cards Inks, Mucilage, Pens and Pencils Drawing Materials and School Supplies 'Papeteries, Tablets and Writing Papers Playing Cards, Poker Chips, Checkers Office and Typewriter Supplies Dieu-ies and Drawing Materials Fountain Pens and Filing Cases Envelopes, Rubber Bands, Clips, Etc. Optical Goods and Jewelry Photographic Apparatus and Supplies Eye Glasses and Spectacles Opera, Field and Reading Glasses Microscopes, Magnifying Glasses, Etc. Barometers, Thermometers, Hydrometers Hour Glasses, and Stereopticons , Drawing Instruments & Stereoscopes Eye Shields, Eye Shades and Goggles Opticians Supplies, Etc., Etc.. Etc. Soda Fountain Apparatus and Supplies , Bottling Machinery and Supplies Fountain Sundries and Utensils Ice Cream Machinery, Cabinets, Etc. Refrigerating Machinery and Supplies Flavoring Extracts — Fountain Fumituro Carbonators and Cau-bonic Acid Gas Mineral Waters and Special Beverages > Cocoa and Fountain Coffee Hot Soda Supplies, Etc.. Etc.. Etc. Confectionery Goods and Supplies Chewing Gums, Caramels, Gum Drops Chocolates and Bon Bons Cough Drops and Lozenges Licorice Goods, Extracts & Specialties Almonds, Breath Perfumes, Cachous Chocolate Chips and Cocoanut Goods Fruit Candies and Glace Goods Marsh Mallows and Mixed Candies Brick and Package Goods, Etc., Etc. Cigars, Tobaccos and Cigarettes Domestic, Key West and ImpL Cigars Smoking and Chewing Tobaccoa Cheroots, Cigan-os and Stogies Manilla and Porto Rican Cigars, Etc. All kinds of Smokers Articles Briar Pipes and Meerschaum Goods Cases, Holders 2md Cigar Lighters Matches and Match Safes Calabash and Com Cob Pipes Paints, Oils and Varnishes Wall Papers and Linoleums Artists Materials and Brushes Window Glass and Wood Fmishcs Axlo Grease & Lubricating Oils Dry Paints and Colors in Oil Ready Mixed Paints— White Lead Gold and Silver Leaf— Bronzes Paris Green, Turps and Linseed Oil Everything in Painters' Supplies Office, Laboratory and Store Supplies Store Fixtures, Furniture and Cases Signs: Window and Display Fixtures Laboratory and Chemical Apparatus Advertising and Druggists' Printing Typewriters, Cash Registers & Safes Drug Glassware, Labels, Etc. Lighting Systems and Electric Fixtures Everything that is USED in the Drug Store, or Office or Laboratory All Cards fully indexed both by Goods and by Firm Names, also under General or Class heading, and where necessary cross-indexed. The Index is an important part of this Directory All Goods listed or mentioned in your Business Card will be Indexed, but we do not supply extra listings. It is an Index to what is in your Card ; if you want it in the Index, put it in your Card 44 WHERE TO BUY DEPARTMENT [December, 1915 Drugs, Chemicals and Pharmaceuticab Surgical and Dental Instruments Physicians and Surgeons Supplies Colleges and Schools of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical and Chemical Books, etc. Drug Brokers and Manufacturers Agents Wholesale and Importing Druggists Hospital Furniture and Supplies Alcohol, Wines and Liquors All Goods for Prescription Department "Good-Bye Fly" According to Department of Agriculture Bulletin No. 118: Apply 0.62 Borax to every 10 cubic feet of manure. Apply Borax particularly around edges; sprinkle with 2 or 3 gallons of water. This treatment should be repeated with each addition of fresh manure. Borax prevents fly eggs from hatching. In the case of garbage cans 2 oz. of Borax will effectually prevent flies from breeding. Druggist, inform your customers of this fact and thereby increase your BORAX sales. PACIFIC COAST BORAX COMPANY NEW YORK CHICAGO OAKLAND AGENCIES WANTED Manufacturers and Importers accounts wanted. Will handle specialty or staple lines, also distribu- tion if desirable. Will solicit regularly leading Oklahoma Drug Trade. MAD-OX DRUG CO., Inc., Ada, Okla. BIERSTEDT DEPLETING SUPPOSITORY No. 300— Doz. Box $4.00 To be had through the Wholesale Trade or direct from our laboratories. Send for Catalogue. BIERSTEDT SUPPOSITORY CO., E. A. BIERSTEDT. Pres. 426 E, 46th STREET - . CHICAGO. ILL. Cincinnati College of Pharmacy The Only College devoted solely to Pharmacy Caialo^ue on "Recfuejl — Dept. A. 614 W. Court Street - Cincinnati, O. Tell Your Story In the ERA'S Want Ad Columns GRAY'S PHARMACEUTICAL QUIZ COMPEND Fourteenth Edition Designed to assist those preparing for examination before any State Board or College of Pharmacy. Questions and answers on Pharmacy, Materia Medica and Chemistry. Useful also for daily reference as to Doses — Poisons and Antidotes— Incompatibilities — N e w Remedies— Synonymous names of drugs. Indispensable to beginners. Mailed to any address for $1.50. M. M. GRAY & CO., Pubhshers. P. O. Box 593, Chicago, lU. Wholesale Drugs. Chemicals and Sundries GUARANTEED FOOD AND DRUGS ACT Write For Trice Liji BAKST BROTHERS 101 BOWERY NEW YORK CITY 1 PURCHASE THE BEST {Answers to Questions prescribed by Pharmaceutical State Boards. 8 vo, 303 pp. Price $1.50 net. JOHN JOS. McVEY, Publisher, Philadelphia Z. 0. ADHESIVE PLASTER. IN BEST FORM AND QUALITY. At the following prices. Cash with order or reference. 2 7o discount for cash. Order direct. Prepaid to any address. SEND FOR SAMPLE K in. 1 1 yd. . J < gro. . $2. 1 K i"- 1 1 T - in ill ill'- Suilis. This new edition most ,Mii,|M. ii 1=J |iifi-, N' \\\ in., with spaces for 1500 (iiliics; full IkiuikI, ilnth sidrs, with leather back and corners. Price, $1.00 a copy, nostpaid. Era Cost Stock and Inventory Book Spuiril ruled book, thumb indexed, for keeping rii-.i'., quotations and stocks of Drugs and Chemi- cals. Docs not contain Pharmaceuticals. Sun- dries or Proprietary Medicines. Special ruled pages for Quotations, Addresses. Full Cloth, leather back and corners, $2.50 a copy Era Formulary — (8000 Formulas) A most valuable collection of unofficial formulas for Manufacturers, Druggists, Physicians, Veterinary Surgeons, Hospitals and for Household use. This edition revised by W'm. C. Alpers, Sc. D., now President of the Amer. Phar. Assn. and by E. J. Kennedy, Ph. C, Editor of The Pharmaceutical Era. Full cloth, 527 pages in 9 Divisions and 146 classes. Price $5.00 a copy, postpaid. The Dispenser's Formulary or Soda Water Guide Contains 2,000 formulas for the soda foun- tain, for making Ice Cream, Ices, etc., also valuable Luncheonette department. By far the best and most complete formula book published for fountain dispensers. Every fountain man should have this valuable book. New and Enlarged Edition, $1.50 a copy postpaid o 1 DBUCCISTS 1 & Era Druggists Directory The standard directory of the drug trade. Wholesale Druggists, Retail Druggists and Manufacturers in separate lists all arranged geographically. 18th Edition for 1916. Price $5.00 a copy postpaid. THE ERA HOME STUDY COURSE IN ^udy ■Pharmacy , PHARMACY a1 home? In 10 Parts. Complete for only $10.00. Over Send for complete prospectus. Money Making Hints For Druggists and Confectioners full of original trade building suggestions id confectioners in jn- nd confectionery trade, w ui:,t,iays, etc. Full paper Covers, $1.00 a copy, postpaid. ng druggist, creasing their fountain window d Era Opium and Coca Registers No. 1— For Druggists Prescription Record ) p . No. 2— For Physicians, Dentists and Veterinary f u Surgeons C ^^-^ "."^ No. 3-For Record of Purchases and Sales ) Pos'Pa'd ThcCri Narcotic L Era Narcotic List A list of official and unofficial Drugs, Chemi- cals and preparations affected by the Federal Narcotic law. Vest Pocket Size— 2Sc a copy, postpaid. ERA BINDERS— For Era, S. F. or Weekly— 75o each Combination Subscription Rates — Order by No. TiiK l'n.\RM.\CEuric.\L Kr.\ 1 year with the Er.\ Price List $1.50 a year Canada $2.00; Foreign $2.50 No. 2 — The Pharji.\ceutic.-vl Er.\ 1 year 1 copy Era Price List The Soda Fount.vin 1 year $2.00 a year Canada S2.75 : Foreign $,v50 No. 3 — 1 copv Dispenser's Formulary (New l-.diiion) and 'Phe Soda Fointaix 1 year. $2.00 comrleto Can ada $2.25 : Foreign $2.50 No. 4 — Weekly Dri'g ^L\kkets 1 year The Pharm.\ceutic.\l Er.\ 1 year 1 copv Era Price List The Soda Folt^tain 1 year $5.00 complete Canada $6.25: Foreign $7.50 NOTE— If you have no soda fountain we will send, on request, an Era Binder in place of The Soda Fountain. D. O. HAYNES & Co., Publishers, No. 3 PARK PLACE, Nfw YORK Rockester, N. Y., U. S. A. Mr. Druggist, Everywhere, U. S. A. Dec. 1, 1915 Dear Sir:- I Christmas 'business is going to be a record breaker this season according to our advices on the trade outlook covering all sections of the country The experts report that there ' is a tempting array of holiday merchandise That merchants , are planning for brighter and more attractive stores, and that all classes of people have money to spend. You and I are mutually interested in selling more Senecas for Christmas Gifts and I believe that we both have the oppor- tunity of our lives to make the Seneca Department the best pay- ! ing holiday department in your Store Because this year we !, have the Vestpocket Seneca as well as the Folding Scouts, and [ our special HOLLY BOX offer will help to make this a Seneca '■ Christmas in thousands of homes. A Seneca IS the gift of gifts. I have yet to find a man, woman or child who wouldn't be pleased to receive a camera on Christmas morning. All we have to do is suggest this fact and then let everybody who comes into your store know that you can supply them with Senecas. Working along this line we have had an attractive enlarge- ment 14 X 17 made for your window and some single column electros which you can run In your newspapers — also a designed ' cut which can be used the year round. We wish every druggist who handles our line to mark the coupon and send for what he wants . As you know we have a carefully selected $50. Department for new dealers — a picture of which has appeared in every issue of The Pharmaceutical ERA for the past two years. Since the Seneca Vestpocket has been put on the market, we offer this I Department plus (2) two Vestpookets, selling price $7. and 18,50 respectively, for #60. — and we further offer to put this department into your store on 10 days free trial . It will pay any druggist who has not put in a Camera Depart- ment to mark the coupon and convince himself that a Seneca Depart- ment will be his best paying sideline. I am handling SENECA CAMERAS— VoUrS Very truly ( ) Send Enlargement and Christmas Cuts. SENECA CAMERA MFG. COMPANY I would like to handle SENEGAS — . { ) Send Catalogue, Dept. Booklet and Terms. CHECK WHAT YOU WANT OR WRITE AT ONCE -TIME IS SHORT FOR CHRISTMAS TRADE ( ) Send $60 Department I Era Course in Pharmacy Tharmacy Taught by Correspondence Ten dollars covers the entire cost of instruction in- cluding fees for tuition, lectures and diploma. Can be studied at home. Students admitted at any time. Prospectus sent free on application. D. O. HAYNES (SL CO. No. 3 PARK PLACE NEW YORK HANFORD'S Balsam of Myrrh Made since 1846 "THEY DO COME BACK FOR IT." S.M Ev«jwk»re S. PROTECTO 'The BUTLER "PROTECTO" case safe- guards baby's nursing bottle from breakage. The PROTECTO ^^^^ mechanically per- fect, light in weight, sanitary, and ornamental. Absolutely protects the baby from broken glass, keeps the roilk warm for several hours, holds the nipple firmly in position, and_, in short, remedies all the evils of the glass nursing bottle. PROTECTO is seamless, cylindrical, made to hold a standard round 8-oz. glass nursing bottle, is nickel plated and lined with felt to keep the milk warm. Be the first to install this new and rapid seller RETAILS FOR ONE DOLLAR Discounts and full information on application Address: L. C. BUTLER, 115 Broadway, N. Y. Create Favorable Impressions The container plays a most vital part in the distribution of your preparations to the consumer. Its style and character have much to do with the sales efficiency of the goods con- tained. If the container is a poor or indif- ferent package the sales efficiency is lessened. The element of cost is a secondary consid- eration from the sales efficiency standpoint. Price may be low or high without having any relation to selling value. Therefore seek selling value first, service next and finally buy as cheaply as you can. consistent with style, character and service. AMERICAN CAN COMPANY Chicago NEW YORK San Francisco With offices in all large cities. POTASSIUM IODIDE - BISMUTH SUBAilT DIACETYL-MORPHI/SE - ACETA/ilLlDE QUIAII/iE ^THYMOL IODIDE ^COCAmE \ MORPHI/IE*STRYCH/