STATE OF ILLINOIS DWIGHT H. GREEN, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION FRANK G. THOMPSON, Director DIVISION OF THE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY M. M. LEIGHTON, Chief URBANA REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS— NO. 94 ILLINOIS MINEKAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 BY Walter H. Voskuil and Douglas F. Stevens Printed by authority of the State of Illinois URBANA, ILLINOIS 1944 ORGANIZATION STATE OF ILLINOIS HON. DWIGHT H. GREEN, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION HON. FRANK G. THOMPSON, Director BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION HON. FRANK G. THOMPSON, Chairman EDSON S. BASTIN, Ph.D., D.Sc, Geology ROGER ADAMS, Ph.D., D.Sc, Chemistry LOUIS R. HOWSON, C.E., Engineering WILLIAM TRELEASE, D.Sc, LL.D., Biology EZRA JACOB KRAUS, Ph.D., D.Sc, Forestry ARTHUR OUTTS WILLARD, D.Engr., LL.D. President of the University of Illinois GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION M. M. LEIGHTON, Chief ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (57326) 3 3051 00005 7541 /v) SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL STAFF OF THE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION 100 Natural Resources Building, Urbana M. M. LEIGHTON, Ph.D., Chief Enid Towniey, M.S., Assistant to the Chief Velda a. Millard, Junior Asst. to the Chief Doris Eyler, A.B., Geological Assistant Betty J. Westerbeek,- Geological Assistant GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES Coal G. H. Cady, Ph.D., Senior Geologist and Head L. C. McCabe, Ph.D., Geologist (on leave) R. J. Helfinstine, M.S., Mech. Engineer Charles C. Boley, M.S., Assoc. Mining Eng. Heinz A. Lowenstam, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist Bryan Parks, M..S., Asst. Geologist Earle F. Taylor, M.S., Asst. Geologist (on leave) M. W. Pullen, Jr., M.S., Asst. Geologist Robert M. Kosanke, M.A., Asst. Geologist Robert Ellingwood, B.S., Asst. Geologist George M. Wilson, B.S., Asst. Geologist Arnold Eddings, B.A., Research, Assistant (on leave) Henry L. Smith, A.B., Research Assistant Raymond Siever, B.S., Research Assistant John A. Harrison, B.S., Research Assistant (on leave) Mary E. Barnes, B.S., Research Assistant Virginia Kremers, B.S., Research Assistant Margaret Parker, B.S., Research Assistant Industrial Minerals J. E. Lamar, B.S., Geologist and Head H. B. WiLLMAN, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist Robert M. Grogan, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist Robert R. Reynolds^ M.S., Asst. Geologist Margaret Copeland, A.B., Research Assistant Oil and Gas A. H. Bell, Ph D., Geologist and Head Carl A. Bays, Ph.D., Geologist and Engineer Frederick Squires, B.S., Petroleum Engineer Stewart Folk, M.S., Assoc. Geologist William H. Easton, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist Ernest P. DuBojs, Ph.D., Asst. Geologist Paul G. Luckhardt, M.S., Asst. Geologist (on leave) Wayne F. Meents, Asst. Geologist James S. Yolton, M.S., Asst. Geologist Margaret Sands, B.S., Research Assistant Areal and Engineering Geology George E. Ekblaw, Richard F. Fisher. Ph.D., Geologist and Head M.S., Asst. Geologist Subsurface Geology L. E. Workman, M.S., Geologist and Head Carl A. Bays, Ph.D., Geologist and Engineer Charles W. Carter, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist Arnold C. Mason, B.S., Assoc. Geologist (on leave) C. Leland Horberg, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist Frank E. Tippie, B.S., Asst. Geologist Merlyn B. Buhle, M.S., Asst. Geologist Paul Herbert, Jr., B.S., Asst. Geologist Charles G. Johnson, A.B., Asst. Geologist Dorothy B. Spfziale, M.S., Asst. Geologist Margaret Castle, Research Assistant Ruth E. Roth, B.S., Research Assistant Stratigraphy and Paleontology J. Marvin Weller, Ph.D., Geologist and Head Ohalmer L. Cooper, M.S., Assoc. Geologist William H. Easton, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist Petrography Ralph E. Grim, Ph.D., Petrographer Richards A. Rowland, Ph.D., Asst. Petrographer (on leave) Physics R. J. PiERSOL, Ph.D., Physicist B. J. Greenwood, B.S., Mech. Engineer Donald 0. Holland, M.S., Asst. Physicist (on leave) GEOCHEMISTRY Frank H. Reed, Ph.D., Chief Chemist H. W. Jackman, M.S.E., Chemical Engineer James C. McCullough, Research Associate Elizabeth Ross Mills, M.S., Research Assistant Coal G. R. YoHE, Ph.D., Chemist Industrial Minerals J. S. Machin, Ph.D., Chemist and Head Delbert L. Hanna, A.m., Asst. Chemist Fluorspar G. C. Finger, Ph.D. Chemist X-ray and Spectrography W. F. Bradley, Ph.D., Chemist Analytical 0. W. Rees, Ph.D., Chemist and Head Howard S. Clark, A.B., Assoc. Chemist L. D. McVicker,, B.S., Assoc. Chemist P. W. Henline, M.S., Assoc._ Chemical Engineer William F. Wagner, M.S., Asst. Chemist Cameron D. Lewis, B.A., Asst. Chemist Herbert N. Hazelkorn, B.S., Research Assistant Carol J. Adams, B.S., Research Assistant MINERAL ECONOMICS W. H. VosKUiL, Ph.D., Mineral Economist Douglas F. Stevens, M.E., Research Associate Ethel M. King, Research Assistant PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDS George E. Ekblaw, Ph.D., Geologic Editor Chalmer L. Cooper, M.S., Geologic Editor Dorothy E. Rose, B.S., Technical Editor Portia Allyn Smith, Asst. Technical Editor Alma R. Sweeny, A.B., Technical Files Clerk Rosemary Metzger, Technical Assistant Meredith M. Calkins, Geologic Draftsman Beulah Featherstone, B.F.A., Asst. Geologic Draftsman Leslie D. Vaughan, Asst. Photographer Consultants: Ceramics, Cullen W. Parmelee, M.S., D.Sc, aud Ralph K. Hursh, B.S., C/niyem<2/ o/ /Zh'nois Mechanical Engineering , Seichi Konzo, M.S., University of Illinois Topographic Map))ing in Cooperation with the United States Geological Survey. This report is a (contribution of the Mineral Economics Section. December 1. 1943. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/illinoisminerali94vosk CONTENTS Page Introduction 9 Acknowledgments 12 Effect of war on demand for Illinois minerals 12 Summary of production and value of Illinois minerals in 1942 13 Coal 16 Production 16 Distribution 27 Lake shipments of coal 31 Consumption of domestic fuels in Illinois in 1940 33 Degree-days for Illinois 33 Fuel briquets and packaged fuel 40 Coke and byproducts 41 Petroleum 44 Production 44 Prices of Illinois crude oil in 1942 49 Supply and demand 49 Natural and manufactured gas 50 Natural gasoline and liquefied petroleum gases 51 Stone, cement, and lime 52 Stone 52 Limestone 53 Dolomite 53 Commercial and government-and-contractor operations 56 Agricultural limestone 56 Cement 63 Lime 63 Sand and gravel, and silica sand 67 Silica sand 67 Sand (other than silica sand) 67 Gravel 71 Commercial and government-and-contractor operations 71 Ground silica 71 Tripoli (amorphous silica) 71 Clay and clay products (including silica refractories and fuller's earth) 74 Clays (including fuller's earth) 74 Structural clay products 74 White wares and pottery 75 Refractory products — clay and silica 76 Fluorspar 76 Zinc, lead, and silver 79 Other minerals 81 Ganister 81 Novaculite gravel 81 Peat 81 Pyrites 81 Sandstone and miscellaneous stone 81 Minerals processed, but not mined, in Illinois 81 Coke and byproducts 81 Packaged fuel and fuel briquets 81 Pig iron 83 Sulfuric acid 83 Slab zinc 83 Ground feldspar 83 Magnesium compounds 83 Mineral pigments 83 Pig lead 83 Mineral wool 83 Expanded vermiculite 83 Alumina 83 Phosphates 83 ILLUSTRATIONS FiGUKE ■ Page 1 Value of annual mineral production in Illinois, 1914-1942 14 2 Map of Illinois showing location of principal coal mining districts and coal beds mined 22 3 Annual production of Illinois coal, classified by mining methods, 1928-1942 26 4 Degree-day map of Illinois and adjacent region 35 5 Crude oil production in the United States, by districts, and in Illinois, 1936-1942 48 6 Annual production of stone (limestone and dolomite) in Illinois, 1920-1942 55 7 Agricultural limestone used in 1942, showing county averages in pounds per acre of arable land 57 8 Annual shipments of cement and lime by producers in Illinois, 1920-1942. . 62 9 Annual production and value of sand and gravel and silica sand in Illinois, 1920-1942 66 10 Fluorspar, annual shipments and average value, from Illinois mines, 1913-1942 77 TABLES Table Page 1 Summary of mineral production of Illinois, sold or used by producers, 1940-1942 10 2 Value of Illinois mineral production, summary of annual values, 1914-1942 15 3 Bituminous coal production in the United States, by states, 1938-1942 16 4 Production of bituminous coal in the Eastern Interior coal field, 1913-1942 17 5 Coal production of all Illinois mines, by type of mine and by counties, 1942 18 6 Production of bituminous coal in Illinois and in the United States, by months, 1942 21 7 Amount and value of coal produced in Illinois, showing number and type of mines, 1913-14 to 1942 24 8 Origin and destination of revenue railroad shipments of coal from Illinois, Indiana, Western Kentucky, and the Appalachian fields in 1941 and 1942 28 9 Consumption of coal by manufacturing industries, 1939 30 10 Origin of lake cargo coal, 1940-1942 31 11 Lake cargo shipments and receipts of coal at Upper Lake docks, 1934-1942 31 12 Sources of all-rail coal destined for Chicago, 1940-1942 32 13 Sources of coal destined for St. Louis, 1940-1942 32 14 Domestic fuel consumption in Illinois in 1940 34 15 Degree-days for 47 Illinois cities during 1942-43, by months, compared with normal average over the period during which records have been kept. . 36 16 Shipments of fuel briquets of domestic manufacture into the Illinois coal market area, 1940-1942 40 17 Production and value of packaged fuel in Illinois, 1938-1942 41 18 Statistical summary of the coke industry in Illinois, 1940-1942 42 19 Production and value of crude oil and related products in Illinois, 1940-1942 45 20 Crude oil production in the United States, by districts and by states, 1937-1942 46 21 Average value of crude oil in Illinois, 1937-1942 49 22 Stocks of crude oil and refined products in the United States, in Illinois, and in the Central Refining district, by months, 1942 49 23 Consumption of natural gas in Illinois, with sources, 1936-1941 50 24 Gas sales to ultimate consumers in Illinois, by principal uses, 1938-1942. . . 50 25 Gas sales to ultimate consumers in Illinois, by uses and by months, 1942. . 51 26 Stone (limestone and dolomite) sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1940-1942 52 27 Limestone and dolomite sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1942 54 28 Agricultural limestone used in Illinois, by counties, 1941 and 1942 58 29 Agricultural limestone produced in other states and sold in Illinois, 1936-1942 60 30 Agricultural limestone produced in Illinois and marketed in other states, 1936-1942 60 31 Production and value of agricultural limestone in Illinois, 1940-1942 61 32 Cement, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1940-1942 64 33 Lime, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1940-1942 64 34 Sand and gravel and silica sand sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1940- 1942 68 35 Ground silica, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1940-1942 70 36 Tripoli (amorphous silica) sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1940-1942 70 37 Clay and clay products (including silica refractories and fuller's earth) sold and shipped by producers in Illinois, 1940-1942 72 38 Value of building permits issued in Illinois, by months, and by type, in 1942 75 39 Fluorspar shipped from Illinois mines, 1939-1942 76 40 Chief commercial grades of fluorspar 78 41 Fluorspar shipped from Illinois mines, by grades, 1942 78 42 Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States, 1941-1942, by states. . . 78 43 Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States, 1941-1942, by uses 79 44 Fluorspar (domestic and foreign) consumed and in stock in the United States, 1941-1942, by industries 79 45 Zinc, lead, and silver recovered from ores mined in Illinois in 1940:1942. ... 80 46 Other minerals, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1939-1942 81 47 Minerals processed, but not mined, in Illinois, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1940-1942 82 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 BY Walter H. Voskuil and Douglas F. Stevens INTRODUCTION ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY in 1942 exceeded the high record of value of output attained during the previous year. The total value of mineral production for the year amounted to $338,959,000 mined and sold or used by producers within the State. The additional value of $194,187,000 for mineral materials processed, but not mined, in Illinois, brought the total value of all minerals produced and processed during 1942, for which data are available, to $533,146,000. This was an increase of $33,929,000, or 6.8 per cent over the previous year and exceeded by 4.3 per cent the previous all-time high record established in 1920. During the year 1942 most of the resources of our State and the energies of her people were devoted to the prosecution of the Second World War. The demands for military equipment and supplies had widely varying effects on our different mineral industries. The changes in value of 1942 production from 1941 for the principal mineral materials were as follows : Per cent Per cent change change from from 1941 1941 Liquefied petroleum gases +92 Metals — zinc and lead +24 Natural gas, sold and used as such +49 Refractory products +23 Fluorspar +41 Limestone and dolomite +17 Silica sand +41 Cement +17 Ground silica +32 Whitewares and pottery +13 Lime +31 Natural gasoline — 1 Fuller's earth +26 Clays — 4 Coal +24 Crude oil —16 Sand and gravel +24 Structural clay products — 23 Compared with other states, Illinois in 1942 ranked first in value of production of silica sand, fluorspar, ground silica, and tripoli (amorphous silica) ; second in quantity of sand and gravel and in value of limestone and dolomite ; third in quantity of coal ; fourth in value of sand and gravel and of pig iron; and fifth in value of crude oil, lime, and coke and by- products. Ranking of states by total value of production is not available for the past year. Comparing the value of various minerals produced in Illinois during 1942, among themselves, petroleum ranked first with a value of $150,- 060,000 ; coal ranked second with a value of $123,603,000 ; stone, cement, and lime ranked third with a value of $25,565,000 (a second successive all- [9] 10 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 Table 1. — Summary of Mineeal Sold or Used by Unit Detail Table 1940 Product Quantity Value Av. Rank among States Quant. Value Petroleum — Crude oil bbls. M. cu. ft. gals. tons tons bbls. tons tons equiv. tons tons tons u tons tons fine ounces tons 19 a a 5 26 32 33 37 34 41 45 35 36 46 147,647,000 *9, 739, 407 *21,498,601 *9, 974, 102 *$156,500,000 *300,848 *805,265 *274,000 *$1.06 *.031 *.037 *.028 4 no 3 4 8 8 6 4 4 1 1 2 4 Natural gas ... Natural gasoline *10 Liquefied petroleum gases . . Coal — bituminous 51,283,000 9,487,369 5,006,727 161,358 *157,880,113 86,667,000 7,751,479 7,347,253 1,150,113 1.69 .82 1.47 7.15 4 Stone — Limestone and dolomite Cement 4 10 Lime 6 Clay and day products — Clays (except fuller's earth) Fuller's earth 160,666 24,974 1,272,654 198,343 16,248,845 340,376 205,494 7,051,300 4,965,374 3,872,045 2.12 8.24 5.55 19.50 7 4 Clay products — structural .... White wares and pottery Refractory products 4 Sand and gravel — Silica sand 1,396,087 3,518,135 5,839,226 16,434,589 1,811,363 1,450,400 2,576,362 1.30 .41 .44 Sand (other than silica sand) Gravel Fluorspar 10,753,448 104,698 4,818 1,508 4,766 5,838,125 2,313,747 607,068 150,800 3,389 .54 22.10 126.00 100.00 0.71 5 1 Metals — Zinc Lead Silver Ground silica 106,397 11,521 279,724 761,257 628,488 155,576 242 , 526 5.88 13.45 1 Tripoh (amorphous sihca) . . Other minerals 1 Annual mineral production . . . — *$287, 170,266 — 5 Minerals processed, but not mined, in Illinois^ Coke and byproducts ...... Packaged fuel tons 47 3,813 4,093,623 188,355 97,001 26,951,464 36,531 73,882,065 1,721,565 12,222,126 9.60 18.05 9.15 126.00 6 7 4 2 3 5 7 Pig iron 4 Sulfuric acid 2 Slab zinc (out of state ore) . Miscellaneous minerals .... 3 Total minerals produced and processed . . — 114,813,751 — — *$401,984,017 — ^ Compiled from various sources, as stated in each detailed table. See footnotes for each table. 2 Other processed minerals produced in Illinois include pig lead, mineral wool, expanded vermiculite, alumina, phos phates, etc., but data for them are not available. MINERAL PRODUCTION 11 Pkoduction of Illinois Pkoducers, 1940-1942 i 1941 1942 Quantity Value Av. Rank among States Quantity Value Av. Per cent change in value from 1941 Rank among States Quant. Value Quant. Value ♦132,393,000 *12,656,636 *54,872,000 38,293,000 *$172, 100,000 *382,756 *2, 693, 000 1,054,000 $1.30 .03 *.049 .028 4 *8 *4 4 *6 *6 106,391,000 16,436,437 66,616,000 73,619,000 $144,800,000 570,712 2.664,640 2,024,522 $1.36 ■ .035 .04 .028 —15.9 +48.8 —1.1 +92.1 5 8 5 55,365,835 12,206,136 6,033,440 246,278 *176,229,756 100,212,000 11,104,104 8,799,667 1,723,850 1.81 .91 1.46 7.02 3 4 9 6 *4 3 9 5 65,746,204 14,006,556 7,087,400 314,077 150,059,874 123,602,864 13,014,429 10,284,111 2,266,152 1.88 .93 1.45 7.21 —14.9 +23.6 + 17.2 + 16.9 +31.5 3 4 10 6 2 10 5 222,405 26,676 1,556,420 244,352 21,627,621 490,525 209,577 8,248,514 6,555,472 4,791,299 2.20 7.87 5.32 19.61 6 4 7 4 4 196,759 30,421 1,135,167 275,456 25,564,692 468,836 264,611 6,326,510 7,381,217 5,918,118 2.38 8.70 5.57 21.48 • + 18.2 —4.4 +26.3 —23.3 + 12.6 +23.3 6 4 7 4 2,092,700 5,038,032 8,230,247 20,295,387 2,872,961 2,249,091 3,764,944 1.37 .45 .46 3,103,897 5,470,381 9,694,083 20,359,292 4,055,602 2,628,110 4,845,388 1.31 .48 .50 +0.3 +41.2 + 16.8 +28.7 1 1 15,360,979 133,333 9,198 2,376 20,340 8,886,996 3,047,247 1,379,700 270,864 14,464 .58 22.85 150.00 114.00 0.71 *4 2 5 1 18,268,361 161,949 9,389 2,344 104 11,529,100 4,306,750 1,746,354 314,096 74 .63 26.59 182.00 134.00 .71 +29.7 +41.3 +26.5 + 16.0 2 1 4 1 139,116 13,833 137,053 1,665,028 849,609 200,700 171,177 6.10 14.45 1 1 1 1 166,303 12,575 57,489 2,060,524 1,122,756 203,390 149,737 6.79 16.17 +23.7 +32.1 + 1.3 1 1 1 1 — *$333, 185,521 — *5 — $338,958,979 — +1.7 8,924 5,461,459 *213,749 112,723 33,654,940 95,431 113,558,606 *1, 814, 729 16,908,450 10.60 20.79 *8.49 150.00 6 7 4 *2 3 5 7 4 *2 3 4,980 5,871,858 215,494 35,038,054 60,001 125,662,134 2,036,418 3 31,390,781 12.05 21.30 9.45 +4.1 —37.2 + 10.6 + 12.2 6 7 4 5 7 4 — *166,032,156 — — 194,187,388 — + 16.9 — *$499,217,677 — — $533,146,367 — +6.8 3 Included in "Miscellaneous minerals. * Final revision. 12 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 time record) ; clay and clay products ranked fourth with a value of $20,359,000 ; sand and gravel and silica sand ranked fifth with a value of $11,529,000 (an all-time high record). Considering mineral materials processed, but not mined, in Illinois, pig iron ranked first with a value of $125,662,000 (a second successive all- time high record) ; coke and byproducts were second with $35,038,000. Other processed mineral materials are produced in Illinois in large amounts, but data for them are not available. Acknowledgments This report is made possible through the cooperation of the Bureau of Mines and the Bituminous Coal Division of the United States Department of the Interior, the Illinois State Department of Mines and Minerals, and the cooperation of mineral producers throughout Illinois in furnishing information regarding their operations. Each of the sections of this report was prepared in close collaboration with the heads of the several mineral research divisions of the Illinois State Geological Survey. Special assistance and advice were contributed by J. E. Lamar, Geologist and Head of the Industrial Minerals Division; G. H. Cady, Senior Geologist and Head of the Coal Division; A. H. Bell, Geologist and Head of the Oil and Gas Division; C. W. Carter, Associate Geologist in the Oil and Gas Division; and Ralph E. Grim, Petrographer. Effect of War on Demand for Illinois Minerals A first glance at the record of mineral production in Illinois shows that, with the exception of petroleum, clays, and structural clay products, there was a general and substantial increase in output of minerals in 1942 as compared with two previous years, 1940 and 1941. This situation was anticipated in view of the increased tempo of industrial activity as war pro- duction went into high gear and in view of the importance of minerals in that activity. A close examination of the production record, however, shows the discriminating effects of the. demands created by the armaments program. The increased demand on industrial minerals used in the metallurgical industry is particularly noteworthy. Demand for refractory products in- creased 23 per cent, silica sand 41 per cent, ground silica 32 per cent, and lime 31 per cent. The production of coal increased 18 per cent in quantity and 24 per cent in value, whereas the output of crude oil, on the other hand, declined 19 per cent in quantity and 16 per cent in value. Production of crude oil in Illinois continued to decline from the high level of 1940. The decline of productivity in some of the larger and older fields of the Illinois basin, together with the decrease in the size of new pools currently discovered, were the initial cause of the production loss. However, the normal procedure of meeting a strong market demand by more intensified exploration and wildcat drilling was curtailed by the re- strictions imposed upon the purchase of drilling field equipment and sup- plies for the oil-producing industry, and other causes. MINERAL PRODUCTION 13 Mineral output in building materials lagged behind output of industrial minerals. Residential building, which reached a peak in the third quarter of 1941, fell off in the fourth quarter and declined sharply all through 1942. Industrial construction and military and naval construction increased from almost negligible values in 1940, continued to increase during 1941, and dominated the picture in the first half of 1942, By the end of the third quarter in 1942, military and industrial construction had reached a peak and thereafter fell off sharply. This was reflected in a decline in demand for non-metallic materials used in building construction. SUMMARY OF PRODUCTION AND VALUE OF ILLINOIS MINERALS IN 1942 A summary of the production and value of Illinois minerals in 1942 is presented in table 1, with comparative data for 1940 and 1941. Detailed figures for each mineral are given in the various sections of this report, to which reference is made in table 1. The unit of quantity measurement used for each mineral product is that commonly used in the commercial handling of that material. Wherever possible the net or short ton of 2,000 pounds is used, but some products are sold by the gallon, barrel, cubic foot, or by the number of pieces. In some materials, diversity of products makes it impossible to give any measure of quantity. The value of each mineral product, in its first marketable form, is given as its net selling price at point of origin, without including any transporta- tion expense other than that necessary in bringing it from the mine to the place where it is made into a marketable product. Wherever possible^ average or unit rates of value are given. The quantity and value of metals are given, not as those of the ores, but in terms of the recovered metals. Mineral production is considered as those minerals or mineral materials which were mined and sold or used by producers in Illinois. Mineral materials which were processed, but not mined, in Illinois are shown separately. Every effort has been made to avoid duplication. Illinois has attained a position of importance among the various states in the production of several mineral materials. Its rank both in quantity and value of these materials is given in table 1. In order to permit comparison of recent mineral production with that in previous years, figure 1 and table 2 are presented, which show the value of annual mineral production of Illinois from 1914 to 1942, inclusive. These indicate the effect on the State's mineral industry of the first World War and the period of great industrial activity which followed through 1923, then a period of gradual reduction through 1929, followed by extreme reduction through the depression years, and then gradual increases through 1937. A temporary decline in 1938 preceded the period of great activity caused by the second World War beginning in 1939. During 1942 a new all-time high record was attained for total value of minerals produced and processed in Illinois. 14 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 550 500 450 400 350 300 CO Z o _J -J z LJ D _l < > _J < D Z Z < 250 200 150 100 50 A TT ANNUAL TOTAL MINERALS PRODUCED AND PROCESSED 1914 '15 '20 '25 '30 '3 5 '40 Fig. 1. — Value of annual mineral production in Illinois, 1914-1942 MINERAL PRODUCTION 15 Table 2. — Value of Illinois Mineral Production Summary of Annual Values, 1914-1942 i (In thousands of dollars) Year Mineral Production of Illinois (thousands) Minerals Processed, but not Mined, in Illinois (thousands) Total Minerals Produced and Processed (thousands) 1914 15 16 $117,166 114,446 146,360 234,736 271,244 213,701 373,926 254,019 244,618 282,761 235,796 231,658 237,242 180,394 188,099 182,791 148,311 108,066 71,693 74,837 89,212 96,484 117,916 133,437 130,155 215,178 *287,170 *333,186 338,959 $44,843 82,871 130,082 144,754 149,740 95,077 137,228 54,136 85,820 142,131 95,506 118,702 119,642 105,099 110,622 125,516 89,303 52,014 24,385 34,786 41,405 57,038 78,693 104,359 50,482 86,324 114,814 *166,032 194,187 $162,009 197,317 276,442 17 379 , 490 18 420 , 984 19 308,778 1920 21 22 .... 511,154 308,155 330,438 424 , 892 23 24 1925 331,302 350 , 360 26 356 , 884 27 285,493 28 298,721 29 308 , 307 1930 . . . 237,614 31 160,080 32 96,078 33 109,623 34 130,617 1935 153,522 36 196,609 37 . 237,796 180,637 38 39 . 301,502 1940... *401,984 41 *499,218 42 533,146 ^ Compiled from U. S. Geol. Survey, Mineral Resources of U. S. — 1914 to 1923, incl. U. S. Bur. Mines, Mineral Resources of U. S. — 1924 to 1931, inci. U. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals yearbooks^l932 to 1938, incl. Minerals Yearbooks and joint canvasses made by U. S. Bur. Mines and Illinois Geol. Survey — 1939 to 1942, incl. * Final revision. 16 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 COAL The coal output of Illinois in 1942 was 65,746,204 tons, valued at ap- proximately $123,602,864. Coal continues, as in the past three years, the second mineral product in value in the State, ranking next to petroleum. Illinois ranks third in the United States in quantity of bituminous coal produced, being exceeded only by West Virginia and Pennsylvania. Illi- nois produced 11.3 per cent of the national total in 1942. Table 3. — Bituminous Coal Peoduction in the United States, BY States, 1938-1942^' ^ (In thousands of net tons) 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 Alabama Alaska Arkansas and Oklahoma . . . Colorado Georgia and North CaroHna Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas and Missouri Kentucky : Eastern Western Maryland Michigan . Montana New Mexico North and South Dakota . . . Ohio Pennsylvania (bituminous) . Tennessee Texas ; . Utah Virginia Washington West Virginia: Southern Northern Wyoming , Other states^ Total bituminous 11,062 155 2,442 5,663 42,387 14,758 3,103 6,090 31,177 7,368 1,281 495 2,732 1,239 2,098 18,591 77,705 4,472 879 2,947 12,283 1,567 93,288 5,204 34 349,020 12,047 148 2,340 5,923 47,627 16,943 2,948 5,948 34,266 8,291 1,443 457 2,804 1,230 2,120 20,289 92,584 5,185 826 3,285 13,531 1,690 108,362 5,373 39 15,324 174 3,100 6,589 42 51,283 18,869 3,231 6,676 40,346 8,795 1,503 410 2,867 1,111 2,284 22,772 U6,603 6,008 621 3,576 15,348 1,650 126,438 5,808 17 15,204 241 3,423 6,905 40 55,366 22,590 2,950 7,445 41,510 11,765 1,748 370 3,200 1,250 2,426 29,690 127,470 6,713 368 4,013 18,340 1,875 140,886 6,647 21 395,699 461,445 512,456 18,870 280 4,146 7,990 44 65,746 25,470 2,990 8,340 46,727 13,240 1,898 320 3,858 1.696 2,488 34,600 143,174 7,425 342 5,670 19,900 1,988 111,486 45,264 8,025 19 581,996 1 Final figures for 1938, 1939, and 1940 from U. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbooks. Final figures for 1941 and preliminary figures for 1942 from U. S. Dept. Interior, Bituminous Coal Div., Weekly Coal Reports ; with the exception of those for Illinois (which include all mines irrespective of size of produc- tion) from Illinois Dept. Mines and Minerals, annual Coal Reports; total figures for the U. S. include this additional production. 2 Includes lignite. ^ Included in "Other states." * The states reporting are not identical from year to year. Production The production of bituminous coal in each state for 1938 to 1942 in- clusive is shown in table 3. During the past five years, ending with 1942, a COAL PRODUCTION 17 progressive increase in production has occurred in the nation as a whole, as also in Illinois. Table 4 shows the production of coal in the Eastern Interior basin comprising the coal producing districts of Illinois, Indiana, and Western Kentucky. The production history of these three districts and the contribu- tion of each to the total production of the Eastern Interior basin is shown in this table. Table 4. — Production of Bituminous Coal in the Eastern Interior Coal Field, 1913-19421 (In thousands of net tons) Illinois Indiana West Kentucky Year total Amount Per cent^ Amount Per cent 2 Amount Per cent2 1913.... 61,619 70.5 17,166 19.7 8,518 9.8 87,303 1914.... 57,589 70.2 16,641 20.3 7,838 9.5 82,068 1915.... 58,830 70.6 17,006 20.4 7,542 9.0 83,378 1916.... 66,195 70. J, 20,094 21.3 7,787 8.3 94,076 1917.... 86,199 70.1 26,539 21.6 10,214 8.3 122,952 1918.... 89,291 68.2 30,679 23.5 10,799 8.3 130,769 1919.... 60,863 67 .If. 20,912 23.1 8,632 9.5 90,407 1920.... 88,725 68.8 29,351 22.7 11,036 8.5 129,112 1921.... 69,603 70.7 20,320 20.6 8,616 8.7 98,539 1922.... 58,468 63.9 19,133 21.0 13,734 15.1 91,335 1923.... 79,310 68.0 26,229 22.6 10,890 9.4 116,429 1924.... 68,323 69.2 21,480 21.7 9,020 9.1 98,823 1925.... 66,909 66.8 21,223 21:1 12,187 12.1 100,321 1926.... 69,367 64.3 23,186 21.4 15,464 14.3 108,017 1927.... 46,848 54.4 17,936 20.9 21,205 24.7 85,989 1928.... 55,948 63.2 16,379 18.5 16,277 18.3 88,604 1929.... 60,658 64.9 18,344 19.6 14,437 15.5 93,439 1930.... 53,731 66.2 16,490 21.3 10,915 13.5 81,136 1931.... 44,303 66.0 14,295 21.2 8 , 579 12.8 67,177 1932 33,475 59.3 13,324 23.7 9,540 17.0 56,339 1933.... 37,413 63.4 13,761 23.3 7,834 13.3 59,008 1934.... 41,272 64.2 14,794 23.0 8,215 12.8 64,281 1935.... 45,525 65.6 15,754 22.7 8,134 11.7 69,413 1936.... 50,927 66.1 17,822 23.1 8,370 10.8 77,119 1937.... 51,602 66.2 17,765 22.8 8,563 11.0 77,930 1938.... 41,912 65.5 14,759 23.0 7,368 11.5 64,039 1939.... 46,783 65.0 16,943 23.5 8,291 11.5 72,017 1940.... 50,610 65.3 18,869 24.1 8,795 11.2 78,274 1941.... 54,200 61.2 22,590 25.5 11,765 13.3 88,555 1942.... 63,750 62.2 25,470 24.9 13,240 12.9 102,460 * Annual Volume of Mineral Resources of the United States, Part II, 1913-1&30 ; Minerals Yearbook, 1^31-1941 ; Weekly Ck)al Report No. W.C.R. 1385, February 20, 1943, Does not include mines with daily production of less than 50 tons. 2 Per cent of total in Eastern Interior coal field. Illinois coal production for 1942 is shown in table 5 by types of mines, giving the counties and mine inspection districts. Local mines are those which do not ship by rail. The regional concentration of the Illinois coal industry is shown in this table. Franklin County, in the southern part of 18 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 Table 5. — Coal Production of All Illinois Mines (In County Shipping mines Mine inspec- tion . Strip Underground Total dis- trict No. mines 2 Tons No. mines2 Tons No. mines2 Tons 14 Adams 6 Bond 1 50,756 1 50,756 14 Brown 1 Bureau 1 6 4 42,118 6,019,794 285,683 1 6 4 42,118 4 Christian 6,019,794 13 Clinton 285,683 13 Crawford 5 Edgar 10 Franklin 12 5 13,924,971 242,888 12 14 13,924,971 3 Fulton 9 5,245,434 5,488,322 11 Gallatin 7 Greene 1 Grundy 14 Hancock 3 Henry 2 1 549,014 515,980 1 3 1 77,637 1,982,665 516,606 3 4 1 626,651 9 Jackson 2,498,645 13 Jefferson 516,606 7 Jersey 3 Knox 2 2 1,157,195 142,909 1 2 17,930 186,567 3 4 1,175,125 1 LaSalle 329,476 1 Livinsrston 2 Loffan 14 McDonoueh 4 Macon ' 6 Macoupin 8 5 1 4,834,379 1,809,536 223,999 8 5 1 4,834,379 7 Madison 1,809,536 13 Marion 223,999 1 Marshall 4 Menard 14 Mercer 6 Montgomery 1 900,159 1 900,159 4 Moreran 9 Perry 2 2,971,566 10 1 1,212,902 422,061 12 1 4,184,468 2 Peoria 422,061 7 Pike 9 Randolph 1 937,764 4 1,086,288 5 2,024,052 14 Rock Island 8 St Clair 1 1 327,240 581,558 16 9 8 1,350,209 3,837,146 3,140,447 17 10 8 1 1,677,449 11 Saline 4,418,704 4 Sangamon 3,140,447 14 Schuyler 1 103,355 103,355 7 Scott 4 Shelby 2 Stark 2 COAL PRODUCTION 19 BY Type of Mine, and by Counties, 1942i tons) Local mines Strip No. Tons 151 31 66,487 158,404 60,333 15,637 34 358 29,343 1,013 5^661 80 32,637 728,788 259 Underground No. mines^ 63 13 18 3 2 11 9 1 1 15 8 3 2 19 1 2 16 6 14 7 1 7 57 1 6 7 23 9 14 24 2 5 7 3 Tons 4,798 13,743 216 37,305 302,760 66,646 1,939 14,001 196 85,651 58,470 22 42 206,702 31,031 4,338 48,962 3,560 7,474 26,517 273,944 4,143 109,527 14,883 134 25,306 462,532 9 40,726 10,448 282,311 37,155 149,816 39,739 181 6,479 7,665 134,195 Total No. mines' 64 13 18 4 3 11 9 2 1 16 15 4 2 23 1 2 16 57 1 6 7 25 9 14 26 2 5 7 3 Tons 151 31 71,285 13,743 216 37,305 461 , 164 66,646 1,939 74,334 15,833 85,651 58,470 56 42 207,060 60,374 5,351 48,962 9,221 7,474 26,517 273,944 4,223 109,527 14,883 134 57,943 462,532 9 40,726 10,448 1,011,099 37,155 149,816 39,998 181 6,479 7,665 134,195 County total No. mines^ 1 1 1 6 7 4 1 4 12 78 13 18 4 3 14 13 3 1 19 19 4 2 23 1 10 21 1 7 14 7 1 1 20 58 1 11 7 42 19 22 27 2 5 7 3 Tons 151 50,756 31 113,403 6,033,537 285,683 216 37,305 13,924,971 5,949,486 66,646 1,939 74,334 15,833 712,302 2,557,115 516,662 42 1,382,185 389,850 5,351 48,962 9,221 7,474 4,860,896 2,083,480 223,999 4,223 109,527 14,883 900,159 134 4,242,411 884,593 9 2,064,778 10,448 2,688,548 4,455,859 3,290,263 143,353 181 6,479 7,665 134,195 Per cent of State total Mine mspec- tion dis- trict 0.1 0.2 9.2 0.4 21.2 9.1 0.1 0.1 I'.'l 3.9 0.8 0.1 0.1 74 3.2 0.3 0.2 1.4 6.5 1.3 4.1 6.8 5.0 0.2 0.2 14 6 14 1 4 13 13 5 10 3 11 7 1 14 3 9 13 7 3 1 1 2 14 4 6 7 13 1 4 14 6 4 9 2 7 9 14 8 11 4 14 7 4 2 2 20 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 Table 5.— County Shipping mines- Mine inspec- tion Strip Underground Total dis- trict No. mines^ Tons No. mines2 Tons No. mines^ Tons 5 13 Vermilion Wabash 1 230,857 4 1,851,153 5 2,082,010 14 Warren 13 Washington 2 346,900 2 2 10 1 346 900 1 Will . 2 3 1,283,193 781,170 1 283 193 12 2 Williamson Woodford 7 1 1,895,265 39,334 2,676,435 39,334 Numbe Total p r of mines 28 14,827,235 114 46,297,393 142 )roduced — 1942 61,124,628 Summary of Production 1941 1942 Number of mines2 Tons Number of mines^ Tons Per cent change from 1941 Strip mines Shipping Local 29 29 13,360,820 881,096 , 28 30 14,827,235 1,110,446 +11.0 +26.0 Underground mines Shipping Local 58 113 628 14,241,916 37,672,499 3,451,420 58 114 513 15,937,681 46,297,393 3,511,130 +11.9 +22.9 + 1.7 741 41,123,919 627 49,808,523 +21.1 Total coal produced . . 799 55,365,835 685 65,746,204 +18.7 1 Compiled from Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals, Sixty-first Coal Report, 1942. ^ Number of mines reporting production during 1942. the State, and Christian County, in the central part, showed the greatest production. A map showing the location of the principal coal mining districts and coal beds mined is given in figure 2. Seasonal variation in demand for bituminous coal, as reflected in the production by months during 1942 in Illinois and in the United States, is shown in table 6. Because of the heavy demands upon the coal industry occasioned b}^ the war, the usual seasonal slump beginning about April 1 and carrying through the summer did not occur. This seasonal decline, under normal conditions, is more pronounced in the producing districts COAL PRODUCTION 21 Concluded. Local mines County total Strip Underground Total No. mines^ Tons Per cent of State total Mine inspec- tion No. mines^ Tons No. mines^ Tons No. mines^ Tons dis- trict 3 10,489 59 3 3 4 226,663 4,049 12,346 14,873 62 3 3 4 237,152 4,049 12,346 14,873 67 3 3 6 2 65 1 2,319,162 4,049 12,346 361,773 1,283,193 3,416,809 39,334 3.5 "0.5' 2.0 5.2 5 13 14 13 1 1 741 54 739,633 55 740,374 12 2 30 1,110,446 513 3,511,130 543 4,621,576 685 65,746,204 100.0 of Illinois, Indiana, and Western Kentucky, than in the Appalachian fields. In the latter district, lake cargo shipments serve to sustain demand and output during the summer season. Table 6. — Production of Bituminous Coal in Illinois and in the United States, BY Months, 1942i (In thousands of net tons) Month United States Illinois Amount Per cent^ January February March April May June July August September October November December Small mines in Illinois Total 49,032 44,374 47,796 48,332 47,860 48,220 47,832 47,851 49,843 51,791 47,474 49,595 5,852 5,340 5,250 4,925 4,983 5,124 4,820 4,850 5,955 5,900 5,290 5,961 580,000 63,750 1,996 1,996 11.97 12.06 11.02 10.22 10. U 10.65 10.13 10.16 10.99 11.43 11.18 581,996 65,746 Av. 11.3 1 Bituminous Coal Div., Weekly Coal Reports, No. W.C.R. 1336, February 27, 1943. 2 Per cent of U. S. total production. 3 By difference. 22 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 LEGEND X^BOUNDARY OF "COAL ^' MEASURES" VYA APPROXIMATE AREA OF PROVED WORKABLE COALS MINING DISTRICTS (SHIPPING MINES) Scale of Miles O lO ao 30 -40 30 ILLINOIS S7ATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Fig. 2. — Map of Illinois showing location of principal coal mining districts and coal beds mined (see p. 23) COAL PRODUCTION 23 The amount of coal produced and its value at the mines from 1913-14 to 1942 is shown in table 7. Each year since 1938 has shown a progressive increase both in production and in average value, due to increasing fuel demand from industries making military equipment and supplies. Produc- tion during 1942 was 73 per cent of the record production attained for 1917-18 during the first World War, whereas the average value during 1942 was 81 per cent of that for 1917-18 and was only 61 per cent of the record high value attained during 1919-20. During 1917-18 there were 967 coal mines in operation in Illinois, while during 1942 there were 685 coal mines in operation. The annual production of coal in Illinois from 1913-14 to 1942 is shown graphically in figure 3, classified according to methods of mining. Strip mining showed an all-time high record of production during 1942. Principal Coal Mining Districts and the Principal Coal Beds Mined (See Fig. 2.) Map. No. Mining district Coal beds mined 1 2 Wilmington ) ^ LaSalle, or Third Vein [ Longwall LaSalle (No. 2) LaSalle (No. 2) 3 Rock Island-Mercer (abandoned) Rock Island (No. 1) 4 Fulton-Peoria Herrin (No. 6) Fulton-Peoria Springfield (No. 5) 5 Springfield Springfield (No. 5) 6 Danville Danville (No. 7) Danville Grape Creek 7 Southwestern Illinois a) Standard Herrin (No. 6) b) Belleville Herrin (No. 6) c) DuQuoin Herrin (No. 6) 8 Centralia Herrin (No. 6) 9 Murphysboro or Big Muddy (abandoned) Murphysboro 10 Franklin-Williamson Herrin (No. 6) Franklin-Williamson Harrisburg (No. 5) 11 Saline County Herrin (No. 6) Saline County Harrisburg (No. 5) 24 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 7? W ^ g ta O W eu kH E^ ,,^ o m ^ ^ ITi ^ n H 'C K Q ^ <5 H :< P o 1 i>^ w l-J M <; H 5R q; > 1 1 ^ g ^ c < c^o iO00(M OOO C^ 00 CO COO Ttt OiOt>.Oi i> 00 lO cq 1-H Oi Tt< CD Olr^ ^gs^g m 1-H i-H (M (M CO • cooooo^?Q iOI>I> 1— 1 Oi OTtH rt^T:t^ CO ^ O too Oi C^ CD O to 00 OIXM OiO 00 CO coco G: 00 00 to to CD o 1 <33 CO o _o '■+3 o Total produc- tion COCQ i>oor-0(M CD Oi Oi i-H Oi C<1 CO O 1-1 00 ,_i ,_( lO T-i(M OOOOi(M ^ tOCOrHOTjH CO tO(M CS) C^ o^ ^ coi> couo COOOOiOCO cot^ 00 t^l:^ ^2^^S 1> Oi CD CD rH CO CD ■* to CD -* tO^OOr-H to-* CO CO -^ o Total under- ground ^1> CO o CO CD 00 O 1—1 CDIMCO^ O ^ lO CD ^ (M lOCDiOOO^ lO O CO »0 00 (M CO Oi CD1> (rq (M i-H oot:^ OiCOTjH CD(M to CO CD O O 1> to CO CD to o t^ COOOOi^CO cDt^OOt^t^ OifMTH OCO 1>CD1>1>CD lO CD -* 1— 1 lO CO CD -^ to lO ^^^^^ CO t^ Ttl r-l CO^CDCOiO oor^ o 00 Oi lO 00 r-l Oi Oi 1-H oiooooi OiO tOOOOO , , , . -.-. 1 r-i ^(M (N(MC^ "a 1 j>oo ^ C55 Oi CO 00 00 o OiOiOOCOOi CO 1—1 O CD CD CO 00 CD (M (N Oit^Tt^ OOr-l lOCOOOiO ■* LO CD CD (M 0 Oi T)H l>t0 1>I>CD gig i-HCDI>COrH CDt^ 00 t^t> l^OCQ 00 ^ 1> CD l> CD CD CO CD "* to lO "^^^^U -& a. 00 Oi 1—1 T-H Tt^ OiOO-* O ^ rH Gi Oi 1-1 CO'* Tt^ coio CDlOrH 00^ O (N lO Oi »0 cDcDOiTtH O t^C0 1>CDO 00 00 to -* to !>. to rococo CDOt-^ C^ t^ (M to 1— 1 (M C^ CDl>i>(M ^co 1-1 CO (N-* to CD CD CD toco 1 3 =o .o CO CO to to to to to CD to to (N Oi to to to Oq Oi 1—1 CD ^OiiOTtH lO i:^ (M i-H 1-* ^ ^ (N bD 'a 02 00 Oi rt< OiOOTjH O tH 1— 1 Oi Oi 1— 1 COtH^COIO CD »0 1— 1 00 "^ 0(M lOOiiO cDcDOiTt^ O l>CO t^-* 1-t O Oi 00 Oi 00 i> 00 OOOOOiOiOi 1,051 1,133 1,136 1,032 913 isiii OiTti CO coi>. COOiOicOTt^ Oi Oi O_(M^C0^ iiiii »0 CO 00 lO >o Tt^(M(^^ T-H Oi O^-^^r-*^O_^00 T— I T— 1 1— ( I— 1 OiO^t^CO to O Oi o -* 00 Oi 00 oot^ COOiCOO(M Oi Oi O (M ^^ 1— 1 1— 1 T— 1 Tf^(N CO lO ■* CO CD CD O 00 1>- 00 00 CD to o o ^ 1-1 --1 to CD CO to O CO to (M Tt CO to to 3 COG5i Oi CO t^ ■* lO lO rjH lO >0 lO (M i-< (M CO 00 CDOOCDOIO CD1>I>.1> CD C0 1>. to CD O CD CD CD CD to 1:^ t^ 00 O 0_^ 1—1 1—1 02 CO to toco to CO CD CO -^ 1— 1 Oi CO CD CTi 1-1 OOrtH CD^ CO CO CO CO CO (M r^ 00 CD ^ CO O ^ to Oi CO 1> to ■* CO ■* 1— I 1— 1 1— { 1— 1 I— 1 Th(M CO lO -* CO CD CD O 00l> 00 1—1 1—1 1—1 00 CD to to 1> :2S^^^ ^ to co4 22 CD t^ 00 Oi O T-l T-l — < ,— 1 (M »OCDl>.Ood: Oi Oi Oi Oi Oi 1— < T— 1 T-H 1— 1 T— 1 r-H (M CO '^ »0 C^ (M (N (M (N OiOiOiOiOi to CD t^ 00 Oi Oi Oi Oi Oi Oi 1— 1 1— 1 r-H 1— 1 T— 1 0^(N CO-* CO CO CO CO CO Oi Oi Oi Oi Oi COAL PRODUCTION 25 CD lOt^OTj^ lO >0 lO lO CO ooooOi-H 00 (M 00 1—1 00 O C^ 1> CO lO T-H O Oi (N CO 00 1>1> 00 CO i>. cocoes t^t^ i-H> CO 00 1— I 00 00 Oi (N -* OOCO CO -rn oocooOi-H CO cocoes CO 1-H b- CO Oi CO OO'* (N 1>00 ^ COI>CO(N CO-* o o o T;t^ ir^ >0 OQ Oi CO "* lOCO 05 lOCO CO Oi CO C0 1>1:^ lO Oi T-H OOi-H O (M 0(M O OiCO lO Tit^ (N CO l> CO (N O Oi 05 lOCOOiO 00 a>(M i-ii> CO 1— 1 1— I Oi 00 00 t^ (M CO CO rH O CO (M CO C^ CO CO ooco th !> O TJH CO (N 1>. 00 CO CO UO 1— 1 T— 1 tOlOr-^ CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO l^COOO OCO(M '^ r^co COCO'* 0(M 00 OO'* CO (M (M Oi I>05t-hOC^ COtJHiO lOOOr-l (M OOi-H lO ^ t^ (N CO(N oco 00 l>00i-iOi-i (NCO'* 00 Oi to 00 Ol 00 ooi>co 00 ^ 1>. OOt^CO T-H 0(M COOO rtH OOOO'* ^ CO 00 CO CO CO lO (M Q01>t>00 CO OiO iO(MCO TjScOt^TtH o lO-* CO(M CQ lOCOt^OOOl O 1-H (M CO CO CO CO CO "* '^ ■* OSOiOiOiOi Oi Oi Oi 5 ja 9 j3 S S' O " --5 !h O. CO 3 03 +J o Cd 1-5 o «> +J p Ss^g-g^ '§'§ g^ o^ ^^a°.s^ ft 03 «J CJ t« CO s- O; a>T3 o 3 p ^:ii Qoa: ^-^^ " o^ ' « =» S'- ^ ■=" fe >* Oi'C & OS . rH OJ M Y •" CO aj -'^-J o o ^i 52 ^&^ c ^ ° •a^ CO .« . -* -o S SSt^s < C ^H rr 5- -CO 1 o cj" "^ w c " >, fl bcS H-: CO c3 . P Ol 73 00 S .S "^ o c2 ^ 11 o . = i; P \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ / ^L UNDER \ \ GROUND^ y / \ / / \ "K — ^ / / / \ JDERGROL / / JND(MACHI ME LOADED) / 1 - 1 1 f --tUN DERGROU sID (HAND LOADED) f ( 1 -""^^^s 1 TRIP MINE 1 i-x. ...."" 1 ' 1 1928 '30 '32 '34 '36 '38 '40 '4 2 Fig. 3. — Annual production of Illinois coal, classified by mining methods, 1928-1942. COAL DISTRIBUTION 27 Distribution The Illinois coal market area comprises the states of Illinois. Wisconsin, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Minnesota, South Dakota, and North Dakota. The principal producing districts which supply this market are Districts Nos. 7 and 8 (southern West Virginia, Virginia, and eastern Kentucky) in the Appalachian region, and districts 9 (western Kentucky), 10 (Illinois), and 11 (Indiana) in the Eastern Interior coal basin. Much of the coal consumed in this area is shipped by rail. Table 8 gives a detailed distribution report of all-rail coal shipped into this area during 1941 and 1942, showing quantities of coal shipped into each of the principal divisions of the market area from the various producing localities, and the percentage change from the preceding year for each division of the area. The Chicago industrial district is the focal area into which enters a substantial portion of the coal produced in Illinois or shipped into Illinois from competing or adjacent fields. The Chicago industrial district itself is one of the large coal consumers in the nation, both in absolute quantity and in tons of coal per worker employed. A survey of coal consumption in manufacturing industries in 1939, made by the Bureau of the Census, indicates that Chicago is exceeded only by Pittsburgh as a consumer of coal in industr}^ Both are important metallurgical centers. A comparison of coal consumption in eleven important industrial areas in the United States is shown in table 9. The high consumption per person employed in the Pittsburgh area is due to the large coking industry in this area. Since not all of the coal coked in the Pittsburgh district is used there, the solid fuel actually consumed in this area is somewhat less than the apparent amount. 28 Table MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 -Origin and Destination op Revenue Railroad Shipments of Coal from (Exclusive of noii- (In net From To: Chicago District Illinois, other^ Mil- waukee, Wis. Wis- consin, other Council Bluffs, lowa^ Iowa, other 1941 Western Penna Cent. Penna. , Somerset-Myers- dale, Cumberland-Piedmont . . . Fairmont, W. Va N. and E. Ohio S. Ohio Kanawha, Logan, Kenova- Thacker New River-Winding Gulf, Poca- hontas-Tug River NE. Kentucky, McRoberts Virginia Hazard, Harlan, S. Appalachians N. Illinois Cent, and S. Illinois Indiana Western Kentucky . , Grand total Per cent of change from" 1940. 1,130 22,908 100,233 859 1,725 1,483,730 9,360,947 1,370,140 222,790 3,473,161 523,974 5,272,813 3,437,543 650,446 25,922,399 ■^20.5 18,883 5,751 7,939 188 110,467 436,525 92,158 43,028 425,852 3,327,901 10,637,836 1,405,800 359 , 146 16,871,474 392 765 65,772 269 2,867 502 48,474 228,919 1,073 349,033 6,714 228 394 16,176 637,635 21,111 65,311 46,445 209,601 1,378,809 855,280 136,600 3,374,304 +M.< ^35.1 +17. 692 394 46 297 27,768 267 4,780 34,244 34 9,673 1,042 870 243 170,757 69,218 118,685 12,773 581,815 1,114,591 1,477,508 524,517 267,329 4,349,055 +39.1 + 1.0 1942 Western Penna Cent. Penna., Somerset-Myers- dale, Cumberland-Piedmont . . . Fairmont, W. Va N. and E. Ohio S. Ohio Kanawha, Logan, Kenova-Thack- er New River- Winding Gulf, Poca- hontas-Tug River NE. Kentucky, McRoberts .... Virginia Hazard, Harlan, S. Appalachians Ex-river coal Northern Illinois Central and S. Illinois , Indiana Western Kentucky. . . Grand total Per cent of change from 1941 5,023 18,147 137,776 1,195 2,433 2,327,548 9,755,335 2,681,672 283,062 3,341,359 41,377 820,140 6,079,795 3,596,192 767.164 28,642 5,345 8,528 183 174 49 169,787 488,157 109,524 50,972 526,070 127 4,127,696 12,462,090 1,576,663 350,812 ,258 ,008 817 577 308 2 75: 298: 7,941 357 489 50 19,840 685,086 30,231 81,173 56,435 596 405 183,878 718 1,631,359 29,858,21819,904,469 +15.: +18.0 798 50 509,162 +45.9 831,266 191,457 3,719,562 +10.. 394 48 43 194 460 147 63,917 218 7,576 73,593 +114.9 11,276 660 509 448 201,626 85,457 148,929 20,487 724,782 ,400,618 ,007,602 511,665 311,189 5,425,248 +24.7 1 Data from U. S. Dept. Interior Bituminous Coal Div., Monthly Coal Distribution Report, No. 136. April 23, 1943. 2 Includes Davenport, Iowa, for shipments from Ohio and the Crescent, and includes Davenport, Bettendorf, and lowanna, Iowa, for shipments from Illinois, Indiana, and Western Kentucky ; excludes East St. Louis, Illinois. COAL DISTRIBUTION 29 Illinois, Indiana, Western Kentucky, and the Appalachian Fields in 1941 and 1942i revenue railroad fuel) tons) Kan- Per St. sas St. Mis- Kan- Ne- Minne- South North cent Louis, City, Joseph, souri, sas, braska, sota Da- Da- Total of Mo.4 Mo.5 Mo.*^ other other other kota kota total 1941 20,047 82,042 111,065 2,345 1,968 1,966,913 11,220,642 1,626,075 647,731 4,584,328 5,219,898 24,140,909 6,551,748 1,625,851 24,771 1 623 504 304 1,547 1,210 1,260 5,373 943 0.1 0.2 34 177 927 346 448 809 267 693 4,240 1,143,436 1,925 42,088 5,892 69,814 21,256 9,945 29,188 39,218 348,151 80,245 55,256 459 4,665 1,358 1,349 1,475 254 110,525 1,277 13,323 "532 1,756 3.4 19.4 2 8 575 529 59 30 289 289 355 1 1 23 997 903 119 72,716 1,285 5,091 8 " 12^229 9.0 3,595,647 14,415 88,963 10,228 275 4,237 41.8 11.4- 2.8 4,792,227 11,007 4,541 1,195,799 13,498 81,693 664,372 135,628 2,288 57,801,562 100.0 +3. 3 +50.2 —34.4 +3.9 —4-9 —11.9 —6.1 —5.5 —38.4 +14-6 1942 39 33,704 89,757 148,498 2,470 2,931 2,954,643 11,851,538 2,996,606 747,367 4,703,901 41,377 6,616,640 29,419,615 6,921,153 1 888 341 32,621 1,128 871 352 1,616 1,462 1,538 6,617 1,201 0.1 0.2 42 52 219,782 640,871 474 327 401 357 56 870 122 166 976 105 1,742 11,441 64,318 22,084 8,707 28,636 474 4,689 1,499 1,053 1,000 4.3 17.2 4.4 46 300,981 1.1 22,239 6.9 1 51 10,966 12,597 1,831,391 2,480 48,406 ' '158^356 24,951 124,318 1,060 8,846 42,133 496,192 84,333 48,121 2,024 149,833 l,12o 19,382 '622 154 9.7 4,229,879 17 115 97,577 234 43.1 10 1 135 184 2.8 _,___,___ 5,600,313 98,728 11,369 1,898,501 159,940 163,702 812,624 182,333 776 68,418,538 100.0 \-16.9 +797.0 +150.4 +58.8 +IO84.9 +100.4 +22.3 +34.4 —66.1 +18.5 ^ Includes Omaha and South Omaha, Nebraska. * Includes East St. Louis, Illinois. ^ Includes Kansas City, Kansas. ® Includes Atchison and Leavenworth, Kansas. 30 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 The highest average fuel consumption , per worker employed is in those cities in which the industrial activity is dominantly metallurgical and metal working, such as Chicago, Pittsburgh, Detroit, and Cleveland, Table 9. — Consumption of Coal by Manufacturing Industries, 1939i Industrial area^ Number of wage earners Coal consumed^ (tons) Average per worker (tons) New York-Newark-Jersey City Chicago Philadelphia-Camden Detroit Boston Pittsburgh Cleveland St. Louis Milwaukee Minneapolis-St. Paul Indianapolis Total for 1 1 districts Total United States 849,608 483 , 593 321,725 311,332 237,496 191,903 140,653 126,831 98,414 48,608 38,838 5,585,366 13,615,216 4,253,159 7,329,380 2,372,195 16,594,696 6,540,233 1,971,454 1,596,678 632,207 769,458 6.6 28.1 13.2 23.5 10.0 86.5 46.5 15.5 16.2 13.0 19.8 2,849,001 61,260,042 21.5 7,886,567 142,787,289 18.1 1 Sixteenth Census of the United States ; 1940, Manufacturers ; 1939, vol. 1, Table 4, p. 352. ^ This term signifies an area having as its nucleus an important manufacturing city and comprising the county in which the city is located, tog'ether with any adjoining county or counties in which there is a great development of manufacturing industry. 3 Includes 1,788,246 tons of anthracite. Cities in which the manufacturing activities are mainly metal fabrica- tion are second in importance in coal consumption per worker employed, as for example, Indianapolis, St. Louis, and Milwaukee. In those cities where the textile industries, leather industries, and needle trades are important, consumption of coal is considerably lower — notably, New York, Philadelphia, and Boston. In addition to the large industrial market, Chicago is an important center for the redistribution of coal for domestic heating in the surround- ing communities. Much of the coal used for domestic heating purposes in the Chicago district is obtained from the low-volatile and medium-volatile fields of southern West Virginia and eastern Kentucky. Coal for this purpose is moved more economically and with less wastage by rail rather than over the lakes. Prepared sizes are required, which, in the case of Pocahontas coal, suffer severe degradation in the rail-lake haul. In this case, rescreening is necessary, with the resultant substantial loss of domestic-class coal. Secondly, the season of domestic demand does not fit into the lake navigation season, so that storage by dealers would be required. Finally, the domestic market is in the interior of the city and the outlying suburbs; hence lake-borne coal would still require an additional rail-haul to retailers' yards. Under these conditions, coal shippers dealing in the domestic trade have found all-rail haul the most profitable means of supply- insr this market. COAL DISTRIBUTION 31 Lake Shipments of Coal The data on lake shipments of coal do not specify the destinations of coal originating" in each field. Some inferences regarding the destinations can be made, however, from the nature of the market. In table 10 is shown the origin of lake cargo coal in the years 1940, 1941, and 1942. As noted in this table, the bulk of the shipments come from Pennsylvania and from the low-, medium-, and high-volatile districts of southern West Virginia and eastern Kentucky. Shipments from the low- and medium-volatile fields consist of screenings destined to the coke ovens of the Chicago district. Coal from Pennsylvania is destined to Upper Lake Michigan and Lake Superior ports, both in the prepared sizes and as screenings for domestic and industrial fuel. Total receipts of Upper Lake ports is shown in table 11. Table 10. — Origin of Lake Cargo Coal, 1940-1942 (In thousands of net tons) From 19401 194r 19422 Ohio Pennsylvania Moundsville, West Virginia Fairmont, Cumberland, Piedmont Southern West Virginia — low volatile Southern West Virginia — high volatile Eastern Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia Total. 2,646 11,578 308 2,049 10,372 12,025 9,133 48,111 3,947 11,612 395 2,568 9,010 14,277 9,585 51,394 4,171 9,305 358 2,420 9,160 14,746 9,295 49,455 1 Monthly Coal Distribution Report, M.C.D. No. 123, March 3, 1942. 2 Monthly Coal Distribution Report, M.C.D. No. 135, March 15, 1943. Table 11. — Lake Cargo Shipments and Receipts of Coal AT Upper Lake Docks, 1934-1942i (In thousands of net tons) Bituminous coal loaded into vessels at Lake Erie ports Receipts at Year Lake Superior ports Lake Michigan ports^ Total receipts 1934 1935 34,869 34,730 44,011 43,645 34,173 39,837 46,548 49,733 47,815 8,023 6,829 9,358 9,115 6,614 6,515 6,991 8,356 8,108 4,535 4,043 5,114 4,822 3,758 4,229 4,436 4,830 5,068 12,558 10,872 1936 14,472 13,937 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 . : 10,372 10,744 11,427 13,186 13,176 ^ U. S. Bituminous Coal Div., Monthly Coal Distribution Report. * Ports on Lake Michigan north of Waukegan. 32 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 Table 12. — Sources of All-Rail Coal Destined for Chicago, 1940-1942. (In net tons) 1940 1 194r 1942^ Per cent change 1942 from 1941 Western Pennsylvania .... Central Pennsylvania, Som- erset-Myersdale, andCura- berland-Piedmont Fairmont, West Virginia .... Northern and Eastern Ohio Southern Ohio Kanawha, Logan, and Ken ova-Thacker New River- Winding Gulf and Pocahontas-Tug River NE. Kentucky and McRob- erts Virginia Hazard, Harlan, and Sr)uth- ern Appalachian Ex-river coal Northern Ilhnois Central and Southern Illinois Indiana Western Kentucky Total , 2,034 15,115 72 , 784 1,117 500 1,032,100 7,188,931 1,180,704 251,938 3,027,320 43 585,943 4,770,944 2,847,860 532,695 21,510,028 1,130 22,908 100,233 859 1,725 1,483,730 9,360,947 1,370,140 222,790 3,473,161 523,947 5,272,813 3,437,543 650,446 5,023 18,147 137,776 1,195 2,433 2,327,548 9,755,335 2,681,672 283,062 3,341,359 41,377 820,140 6,079,795 3,596,192 767 , 164 25,922,399 29,858,216 +3U.5 — 20.8 + 37.4 + 39.1 + 41.0 + 56.9 + 4.2 + 90.5 + 27.1 — 0.9 '+56.5 + 15.3 + 4.6 + 17.9 15 Per cent of Chicago total supplied by Illinois 24.9 .1 ^U. S. Monthly Coal Distribution Report, M.C.D. No. 124, April 3, 1942. 2 U. S. Monthly Coal Distribution Report, M.C.D. No. 136, April 23, 1943. Table 13. — Sources of Coal Destined for St. Louis, 1940-1942. (In net tons) From 19401 19412 19422 Per cent change 1942 from 1941 Central Pennsylvania Fairmont, Pa 4,736 655 181,281 425,433 157,716 18,076 3,748,905 42,290 59,775 24,771 1,623 177,927 575,529 289,355 23 , 997 3,595,647 14,415 88,963 32,660 1,128 219,782 640,871 301,455 22,239 4,229,879 17,115 135,184 +31.8 — 3.0 Kanawha, W. Va + 1.5 New River, W. Va +11.4 Virginia and Northeast Ken- tucky Hazard, Harlan + 4.2 — 7.3 Illinois +16.9 Indiana +18.7 Western Kentucky +51.9 Total 4,638,867 4,792,227 5,600,313 +18.4 Per cent of St. Louis total received from Illinois 80.8 75.3 75.5 1 Monthly Coal Distribution Report, M.C.D. No. 124, April 3, 1942. 2 Monthly Coal Distribution Report, M.C.D. No. 136, April 23, 1943. DEGREE-DAYS 33 Tables 12 and 13 give data on all-rail shipments of coal from Appala- chian and Eastern Interior coal fields into the Chicago and St. Louis markets. Consumption of Domestic Fuels in Illinois in 1940 The data submitted in table 14 is a part of a study made by the Office of Price Administration in connection with the possibility of a shortage of coal supply and the need of allocation and rationing. The principal basic information for the study was the data on the number of houses, the type of fuels used, and the kind of dwelling units in each state. This information was obtained from the 1940 Census of Hous- ing, Second Series. In this analysis of fuel consumption, three kinds of dwelling units have been distinguished : centrally heated, space heated, and apartments. An index of fuel requirements per dwelling unit was con- structed from data on temperature deficiencies. The heat values of various fuels are fairly well known. By a combination of these factors, a reasonable estimate of the fuel consumption can be obtained. There are, no doubt, certain inaccuracies in the calculations, and fur- ther refinements in methods are needed, but it is thought that this prelim- inary estimate will be valuable as a basis for calculations in the future. Degree-Days for Illinois Comparison of the degree-day record for the 1942-43 heating season with the normal average for 47 Illinois cities is given in table 15. Figures in column M are the monthly cumulative average for the 1942-43 heating season, and those in column A are the normal cumulative average for the entire period during which records have been kept, as published in Report of Investigations No. 87, table 16, page 36. These records indicate that the 1942-43 heating season showed colder than normal weather, or greater upward departures from normal degree- days, in 29 cities or towns having a combined population of 4,037,683. The combined increases in departures from normal amounted to 6,728 degree- days, or an average of +232 degree-days per city. Most of these cities are located in the northern half of the State above the latitude of Quincy and Danville. The 1942-43 heating season showed warmer than normal weather, or decreases from normal degree-days, in 18 cities or towns having a combined population of 178,453. The combined decreases from normal amounted to 2,597 degree-days, or an average of — 144 degree-days per city. Most of these cities are located in the southern half of the State. Degree-days are the number of degrees of temperature that the average temperature for each day falls below 65° Fahrenheit. These are totaled for each month and a cumulative total for the heating season through each month is determined. These data averaged over a long period of time give a reliable guide to the fuel needs of the locality in which the temperatures are recorded. This information is given in table 16, Report of Investiga- tions No. 87, referred to above. Figure 4 gives this information in graphic form on a map showing areas of equal degree-days for Illinois and the adjacent region. The normal cumulative average is given for each city. 34 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 O at» , — I m o3 o o I I O Oi I I I I I I I I 00 ■-* CO GO 7— I ?^ CD • I I I I I I I I O CO C3i (M 00 Oi (M Co 00 • »0 CO ,-1 O 00 ■ O :3 -^ CO -3 >-s CO,^-, C0^~,<^ ,-H . -^lO • CO CD r^ J:^ Oi :3 o o -^ »o 5 CD lO ^sh O GO lO ■ 00 f^ CD O 00 o 00 lo COP lOP -^ Ci t^ CO r^ »o -^ l> 1-1 T-i cdH cdH CO CD ^ CO CD-^^OOO CO 2 • t- rt ■ coH cdH r:tH 00 CD • CO Co (M • -00 CD ,^<^ - ti Go - ^ i-i O >-i O O ^- ^ T3 ^; to to Ci 00 00 >^ o o • to GO to • o CD to ^^ '^ • -co CO uo ^Oi to '^■^ 1—1 • • CO 2 • 00 2 CO o ^ o ^ ^co ^ Oi';;-oooq-^-^ CO O cq O -^ to to >-i I> CO Co T;tH CO ■ co" '*'' CD (M CO ?^ to lO CD CO 1> Co 00 <^ CO • 1—1 O-^ OO'^CO CD ^ • 00 tB • ^ CO _Oo CO tOOfS:? 1-1- 00 cc • Oi 1> Co O Go !>• Ttt 00 CO tOUs o • CD 00 to CD Oi Co to O 00 r-l IC) '^ CO'* CD f^ CO o C^oo S to CD O 00 • to o -^ 00 -* o o • to o CO >-i 00 '-t-l ^ >> m ^ biD S o s^ t^ cu a; 13^ S " _o _o '^ a; HH l.s §'> alia •1-1 O -^-^ ■'^ a 22 a^ o 9< ^ cj o >^ fl o ^•-a oc * a o ^ >, -D §3^§ a rt ^ a as I a '^ 0^ ^ -3 -M ►* §^^ § ^ fe O PhO ^ )§ ^ ^ ^ ..s'43 biD.S a •:=! a «;=! CO fe. C IIIh fe- r^ >^ t> 1:3 a; i> ^-giS ^ ^'^ S US S-i S T3 s-i O ^ (U o ^ a; O PhO ^ DEGREE-DAYS 35 Fig. 4. — Degree-day map of Illinois and adjacent region showing cumulative aver- age degree-days (based on data through 1941). Degree-days are the number of degrees of temperature that the average daily temperature falls below 65° F., and are totaled for the heating season. 36 MINERAL INDU8TBY IN 1942 Table 15. — Degeee-Days for 47 Illinois Cities During 1942-1943, by Months, Compared with Normal Average Over the Period During Which Records Have Been Kepti Month Aurora (Pop. 47,170)'- Bloomington (Pop. 32,868) Cairo (Pop. 14,407) Carbondale (Pop. 8,550) M A3 M A M A M A September October November .... December. . . . January February March April May 90 30 405 403 750 810 1,333 1,178 1,333 1,333 1,064 1,120 1,023 930 570 510 248 186 310 310 660 720 1,271 1,085 1,209 1,209 924 1,316 899 806 450 300 155 62 93 155 390 510 868 806 868 899 616 756 651 527 210 210 155 155 480 540 930 868 930 930 672 784 713 558 300 240 Total 6,816 6,500 5,878 5,808 3,696 3,863 4,180 4,075 Departure from Normal . . +316 +70 —167 + 105 Carlinville (Pop. 4,965) Charleston (Pop. 8,197) Chicago (Pop. 3,396,808) Danville (Pop. 36,919) Month M A M A M A M A September .... October November. . . . December January February March April . 217 248 540 630 1,085 992 1,085 1,116 756 924 806 682 330 330 62 31 217 279 570 660 1 , 147 992 1,085 1,116 784 952 837 713 390 360 62 93 '90 30 341 341 690 750 1,240 1,116 1,271 1,271 1,064 1,064 1,023 899 570 540 279 248 310 279 600 690 1,209 1,054 1,116 1,147 868 980 868 744 420 390 May 93 62 Total 4,881 4,953 5,092 5,165 6,568 6,259 5,484 5,346 Departure from Normal —72 —73 +309 + 138 Month Decatur (Pop. 59,305) Dixon (Pop. 10,671) Effingham (Pop, 6,180) Flora (Pop. 5,474) M A M A M A M A September. . . . October November .... December. . . . January February March April May 279 279 570 690 1,147 1,054 1,116 1,178 812 1,008 837 744 390 360 93 62 60 30 372 403 720 810 1,333 1,209 1,333 1,364 1,064 1,148 992 899 480 480 186 155 279 248 600 660 1,116 992 1,116 1,085 812 924 868 682 420 330 93 31 186 248 480 630 1,023 961 961 1,054 756 896 775 650 330 300 31 Total .... 5,244 5,375 6,540 6,498 5,304 4,952 4,511 4,771 Departure from Normal —131 +42 +352 —260 Footnotes are on page 39. DEGREE-DAYS Table 15. — Continued. 37 Month Freeport (Pop. 22,366) Galva (Pop. 2,812) Greenville (Pop. 3,391) Harrisburg (Pop. 11,453) M A M A M A M A September. . . . October November .... December. . . . January February March April . . . 120 60 434 434 780 840 1,426 1,240 1,488 1,426 1,148 1,176 1,085 961 510 510 248 186 30 310 341 690 780 1,302 1,178 1,333 1,302 1,008 1,120 961 837 480 450 155 124 217 248 540 660 1,054 992 1,054 1,085 784 924 806 682 330 300 31 31 155 155 450 510 930 837 837 930 616 784 682 527 240 240 May .... Total 7,239 6,833 6,269 6,132 4,816 4,922 3,910 3,983 Departure from Normal +406 + 137 —106 —73 Month Havana (Pop. 3,999) Hoopeston (Pop. 5,381) Jacksonville (Pop. 19,844) Joliet (Pop. 42,365) M A M A M A M A September. . . . October November .... December. . . . January February March April May 310 270 660 690 1,240 1,054 1,240 1,178 924 1,008 868 744 420 360 155 155 217 341 630 690 1,271 1,085 1,178 1,178 924 1,008 899 775 480 420 155 93 248 279 570 660 1,147 1,054 1,116 1,147 812 980 806 744 360 360 93 62 90 30 403 372 750 750 1,333 1,036 1,333 1,271 1,064 1,120- 1,023 868 600 480 279 155 Total 5,817 5,459 5,754 5,590 5,152 5,286 6,875 6,082 Departure from Normal +358 + 164 —134 +793 Month Kankakee (Pop. 22,241) LaHarpe (Pop. 1,322) Lincoln (Pop. 12,752) McLeansboro (Pop. 2,528) M A M A M A M A September. . . . October November .... December. . . . January February March April May 90 30 403 341 690 720 1,302 1,116 1,240 1,240 980 1,008 930 806 510 480 186 155 279 310 630 720 1,240 1,116 1,240 1,209 924 1,064 868 806 390 420 155 93 310 310 630 690 1,209 1,054 1,178 1,178 868 1,008 837 775 420 390 93 62 186 186 480 570 1,054 899 899 1,023 700 840 744 620 270 270 Total 6,331 5,896 5,726 5,738 5,545 5,467 4,333 4,408 Departure from Normal +435 —12 +78 —75 38 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 Table 15. — Continued. Month Marengo (Pop. 2,034) Mascoutah (Pop. 2,294) Minonk (Pop. 1,897) Monmouth (Pop. 9,096) M A M A M A M A September. . . . October November. . . . December. . . . January February March April May 120 90 434 465 780 870 1,395 1,271 1,395 1,426 1,148 1,204 1,085 1,023 570 570 279 210 186 217 480 630 992 930 961 1,023 700 868 744 620 270 300 60 30 341 341 720 750 1,302 1,147 1,271 1,271 980 1,092 930 837 510 450 186 93 30 30 310 341 690 750 1,302 1,147 1,333 1,302 980 1,092 930 806 450 420 186 31 Total 7,206 7,129 4,333 4,588 6,300 6,011 6,211 5,919 Departure from Normal +77 —255 +289 +292 Month Mt. Carmel (Pop. 6,987) Mt. Carroll (Pop. 1,845) Mt. Vernon (Pop. 14,724) New Burnside M A M A M A M A September. . . . October November .... December. . . . January February March April 186 186 480 600 992 930 899 992 700 868 713 589 270 300 90 60 403 434 750 840 1,364 1,240 1,395 1,364 1,092 1,176 1,023 930 540 510 217 186 ;55 217 510 600 992 930 930 1,023 728 868 744 620 300 300 186 155 480 540 961 868 899 930 700 756 744 558 300 270 May Total 4,240 4,465 6,874 6,740 4,359 4,558 4,270 4,077 Departure from Normal —225 + 134 —199 + 193 Month Palestine (Pop. 1,626) Pana (Pop. 5,666) Paris (Pop. 9,281) Peoria (Pop. 105,087) M A M A M A M A September. . . . October November .... December. . . . January February March April 217 240 540 651 1,054 961 992 1,085 756 896 806 682 360 330 31 217 279 570 660 1,116 1,023 1,085 1,147 756 952 806 713 360 360 62 62 248 279 600 690 1,147 1,054 1,116 1,147 840 980 837 775 420 390 62 62 310 372 720 780 1,240 1,116 1,271 1,271 952 1,036 930 806 480 420 May 186 93 Total 4,725 4,876 4,972 5,196 5,270 • 5,377 6,089 5,894 Departure from Normal —151 —224 —107 + 195 DEGREE-DAY8 Table 15. — Concluded. 89 Month Pontiac (Pop. 9,585) Quincy (Pop. 40,469) M M Rockford (Pop. 84,637) M Rushville (Pop. 2,480) M September . October. . . November . December . January . . . February . . March. . . . April May Total. 30 310 660 1,240 1,209 924 899 510 155 30 310 690 1,085 1,209 1,036 806 420 93 279 570 1,116 1,178 812 806 330 124 217 630 992 1,147 924 713 330 90 372 720 1,333 1,364 1,064 1,023 510 217 30 403 810 ,209 ,364 ,176 930 510 186 310 630 1,178 1,240 896 868 390 124 279 720 1,054 1,178 1,008 744 360 62 5,937 5,679 5,215 4,953 6,693 6,618 5,636 5,405 Departure from Normal +258 +262 +75 +231 Month Sparta (Pop. 3,664) M Sprine;fie]d (Pop. 75,503) M Sycamore (Pop. 4,702) Urbana (Pop. 14,064) M M September . October. . . November . December . January . . . February . . March. . . . April ...... May Total . 124 450 961 899 672 744 240 186 570 899 992 840 589 270 4,090 4,346 248 600 ,147 ,209 840 837 390 93 279 690 ,023 ,147 980 744 360 62 120 403 750 1,395 1,395 1,092 1,054 570 279 60 434 840 ,209 ,364 ,176 961 540 217 279 630 1,240 1,147 992 868 450 124 30 310 720 1,085 1,178 1,008 775 450 124 5,364 5,285 7,058 6,801 5,730 5,680 Departure from Normal -256 +79 +257 +50 Month Walnut (Pop. 961) Waukegan (Pop. 34,241) White Hall (Pop. 3,025) M M M September . October. . . November . December . January . . . February . . March. . . . April May Total. 60 341 690 1,333 1,302 1,036 961 510 186 30 341 780 .178 302 ,120 868 450 90 120 403 720 1,333 1,364 1,064 1,023 630 310 30 403 780 1,147 1,302 1,092 961 600 279 217 279 540 660 ,116 1,023 ,116 1,147 812 924 837 713 330 330 62 31 6,419 6,159 6,967 6,594 5,030 5,107 Departure from Normal 1 Compiled from U. S. Dept. of Com- merce, Weather Bu- reau ; Climatological Data. 2 Population from Sixteenth Census of the United States : 1940. 3 C o 1 u m n M — Monthly cumulative average for 1942-43 heating season. Column A — Normal cumulative average for entire period during which records have been kept (see Illinois Geol. Surv. Rept. Inv. No. 87, Table 16). + 260 + 373 -77 40 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 Fuel Briquets and Packaged Fuel The states in the Upper Mississippi Valley in 1942 increased their lead over the remainder of the country as consumers of fuel briquets. Major consumers in this area, in order of importance, are Wisconsin, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Illinois. Briquets marketed in Wisconsin and Minnesota are manufactured mainly from low-volatile coal screenings obtainable on the lake docks and produced as a result of the double handling of coal from rail to lake and back to rail again at upper lake docks. In North Dakota and South Dakota, the market is supplied by briquets manufactured from the lignites of North Dakota. Table 16. — Shipments of Fuel Briquets of Domestic Manufacture into the Illinois Coal Market Area, 1940-1942 (In tons) Destination 19401 194P 19422 Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Minnesota Missouri 31,895 25,946 25 , 509 5,145 5,635 217,068 16,738 25,371 66,114 60,723 230,840 50,398 45,934 31,608 4,957 5,734 244,767 82,954 23,992 80,136 64,026 220,939 65,709 48,868 47,392 10,731 4,054 303,497 172,269 Nebraska North Dakota 35,111 96,912 South Dakota 73 , 744 Wisconsin 317,627 Total 710,948 855,445 1,176,814 Total— United States 1,028,175 1,256,964 1,600.300 Per cent of U. S. total 69.1 68.0 73.6 ^ U. S. Dept. Interior, Bureau of Mines, Weekly Coal Report No. WACR 256. 2 Mineral Market Report MMS No. 1083, June 23, 1943. Table 16 gives the shipments of fuel briquets of domestic manufacture into the Illinois coal market area in 1940, 1941, and 1942. The production of fuel briquets in Illinois is increasing, an important part of this production being made from deduster dust, a byproduct ob- tained in the preparation of stoker fuel from southern Illinois coal. It is impossible to publish data on the production of fuel briquets in Illinois without revealing operations of individual concerns. COKE AND BYPRODUCTS 41 Production of packaged fuel in Illinois decreased during- 1942, as shown in table 17. This was probably due to labor shortage and to scarcity of coal dust from the rehandling of coal. Table 17. — Peoduction and Value of Packaged Fuel in Illinois, 1938-1942i Amount tons Value at plants Number Year Total Average of plants 1938 4,133 3,998 3,813 8,924 4,980 $42 , 555 40,487 36,531 95,431 60,001 $10.30 10.10 9.60 10.60 12.05 5 1939 5 1940 1941 19422 6 6 6 ^ U. S. Dept. Interior, Mineral Yearbooks. 2 Mineral Market Eeport MMS No. 1083. Coke and Byproducts The year 1942 witnessed a new high in coke production in Illinois in response to the heavy demand of the iron and steel industry for metal- lurgical fuel. The total production of coke in Illinois was 3,690,000 tons valued at $27,364,000. The total value of coke, breeze, tar produced, and other byproducts sold in 1942 was $35,038,000. A statistical summary of the coke industry in Illinois for the past three years is given in table 18. This includes data on the types of by- product ovens used, the amounts and sources of coal used, and the coke and various byproducts produced. The production of coke during 1942 showed an increase in value of 8 per cent over the previous year, whereas the total value of coke and byproducts for 1942 showed an increase of 4 per cent. 42 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 CO Oi 1-1 CO (M i-H !>. r-H CO ^ (N 00(M '-H C5 iOCO COO Is 05 10 05 :3 T-H oooco CD . r-l rH IQ TjH 00 CO lO r-l to ococo TjH ooo 03 i=l o - c^ o ?^ f-i .22 m ;3 ><'>< m a; o c r^ > O PhOO Oi t.-, ^ «^ O CO !» _ a; o o ^, -j-^ US H «2 O O ci 1=1 fl i^ fl S ?f 5R WPhH>^ II? COKE AND BYPRODUCTS 43 (N coco O 00 CO 1 !>• (M •^ 1 CO Tt^ ■<*I0001>CO 1 (N 1-H lO CO -2 !>' O O T-( o3 < W ^>o6dcd^- i c^ i— 1 1 -a m 1 J£, rr. ^ (NO^tHCO lO O ^ 00 00 -u » o3 CO S° G<- 5 o ^(NOOiOOi 1 OicOOOOCOCO(Ml>rH >5 CC 5 05 COiOOiOOO OOCO^^ (M -* ^l>O00 -to CO tOr-HCqiO.- ^ (MtJh -TtHOO -Ir^cOtOCO •j3 C > ^Oi - -!> - -. - - 1 ^ . 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M (n" lOi-^TtlOO ^i-ltOT;t^„ 05 r^ CO CO to r-H CO ^ lO OCC i> ^ Tt^ oO(M CO . o 1> l^Tt (MOO 00^ -M > • 1—1 03 < 8 to to u: (M 'ft m 00 Ol lOi- l> to 00 CO c 1—1 -t^ -d S (M »0 OC i>. 00 t^ a:>c: to o3 c^ to to^'^t to 1> TJH COtO Oi oo" T^„ „ TiT i-T to' CO Q 1—1 (N T^ '3 ^ m 1— t > ^ = ^ lO (M O50C COtO(MCOOOtO(MCOCO^ >5 »^ i-H o O50C iot^i>.0'TtHOiooi>r^'-*(M -^ o o t> (NO (Nt- •(M(Ni>CO^ q3 c ^ ^O - "t- - ^ - ^ ^ f3 t- CO <^^ CO CO TtH(NO5C0 COCO(M00Tt- & 00 CO CO CO -* 1— 1 (M 02 CI o -M . ^ 05 ^— ' -§ -|j* u id "73 % ^ a :3 1 O u > (^ ti ^^ a: "^ . ^ ft •^•n ^ 02 a o t3 ^ --V d bC O 1 J2 o "o CO 0) i 1 1 a. ft^ ilfate equivalen coal coked (pox d (M pounds) . ir produced (M coal cokpd T3 O ft.S D ' 2 i o 0) § 2 o c;) ;=! ft M PS > 1 2*^ duction of 1 oke breeze mmonia (si Per ton of Sulfate soil oke oven ti Per ton of Sold e oven gas sed in heat irplus sold it oil and d o > [a ft >> oO< O -^0^^ ^ 1 K^ w Ph O h3 H 1 3 ^ ^ 73 tH O 03 u -^ Oi 11 "S s^ JS i^ ■^ O 00 00 >-( (3-H lo »^ so ^* 1 Oi 1^ i ++ + + + 1 lO !>. »o 00 CO CO CO CO CO ■^ -■ CO oo o o o o ^ < ^ 1 ^ ^ OO (M (M o (M Ttl ^ Q oo ^ T^H c^ t^ ^ ^ O 0 1> CD^ iO 00^ 05 2 '-i Q ir^CQ ^ o'^ '^ -^ oT 1—1 :3 o3 (^ 1> 1— 1 00 I> CO (M lO ^ ^ 00 ■^ to CO o o ■ > H (rf (>r Q i>.o o !>. ^ Q f3 Q CO (^ (^ o O ■^ o o ^ o o "43 , 1 coo 00 CO CO 05 Oi 1> ^ T-H CO 1—1 CO^ lO CO c^ TfH s^ CO g CD^ (M ^ (M CO co'~ CO Ph o CO t^ Oi 00 o COCO CO CO '^ cq >•' CO oo o o o o w < ^ * * ^ 1 Q OI> Ci CO Q Q CO , ^ Q iO o o »o ^ o 9.R t2 1> o o 1> 2^ ^ o !-< CO 00 c^'^ co'^ T)H~ oT H! c3 o iOI> »o 00 Oi lO (M 1 O (N * CO CO o (N l-H c^' * * c. 1— 1 * * Q OCO O CO Q 1^ cj Q OiO 00 CO o o _o o TtKM a CO o o '-+3 o 1 CO OiOi t^ CO (^J CO Oi Oi Oi lO to 1> Oi CO COOi CI CO 00 (M o (M ,-1 00 T-l (M TtH 00 £ CO * * 1—1 lO CO 1— 1 * * * !>• T-H 1—1 1—1 l> 00 CO (M CO CO CO CO cq >■ o oo o o o o !» <3l ,_! * * * * * :=3 ^ CD * G^ ^ 00 to o CO _^j OCO rH ■^ CO o 03 lOrH (M GO (M o '—1 o; ^ o r-Tco'" CO G »o" Tt^'' ^ ^ o3 o CO tJH c^ l> 00 > O iO (M * CO 00 (M 00 5 CO * * * * I> Oi ^ lO 1—1 1-H * * 00 »o "* 1> ,_, c^ c (N lO (M o o o _o cocq 00 ^ CO "+3 1> Oio' 00 oT oo" tJh" 2 '^ '^ CO (M ^ CO 05 1> CO 1-H 00 1> t- Th^ o: - - * o J> 1-1 !>. C3i ,—1 Oi Ph Tt * * * . .r^ C/2 i=l ■ m ^^ ;=! • 03^' o bfc ai '—^ CU ^ faJO ~L^' t»' ^ 1— H a-- a 1 T3 11 i bc 1 atural Marki Used Retur forr 1 C iz; ^ J 1 -* o g O^ 'X2'-< 46 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 in m % XJl ^ Cd 02 W O o O a o ^ Ci o >-s 1 (M 2?. ^ 00 eo OOOCO'* oi> to CO lO O CO 00 05 -* CI to ■^ >. (M rH CO -^ Oib- (N IXM CO CM C3lt-^ 00 05 -t^ CO CO CO >0 CO c CO -* ooo CO ^ o^oo o^ i ■ ;3 ooTiC ^'^o'oc CO 00 co^io'oo o (M 00(M CO (N (N Oi CO 'Thi TtH i> '^ OOCO (N to CO -* 1-HCO CO (M 1— 1 (M O* « Oi -^ <^ 00 ^- ^ ^" t^ ^ C^ Oi (N C CO t^C^lt^ CO ocooo TJH ^ >^ Cq Oi^ COO'st^ 1> ^CO(M t- to (M l^ to 05 •4^ CO Oi (M OI>- OC CO 05 1:^ CO Oi r^tO^OO to T-H ■-+3 CO TtH CO Oi T^tH C c 0^*10 o CcTt^Oi a^ 1 13 (N (M oocok:)1> CO OiCO^ ■^ * (N CO * * * ^cc CO CQ * 1—1 * c^ * * * * * * * G* CO ic ^ <^ "^ p cc >^ <&5 s f^ g ^ -o,^ lo CO o^ cn> '^ cc CO oococ '^ CO 00^ to >^ 1^ O CO (M CO^t »c oc l>cOC "^ (M cq 1-H CO 05 -1^ |> TH^r-^ ^ r-^ C CO oc ^ ,-HT^ 1> C0 1>1> Q '■+3 lo^Tt^ co^oTco — c^ cc OiC^Tt- to ^co tc TtH cq(Mcocoioi> oc (N 1>(M (M CO ;3 ^co CO (M 1—1 O" <:c t^ GO ©^ e^ »J^ <^ Oi Oh g l^ 00 CO CO t^ CO tc cr '^t CO CO 1> CO T)H OtJh 00 CO >i COOOCO^C o- iC '^(M C 1> OCO tc T— 1 -fj (M '^t^ CO 05C oc CO Oi -— iC Tj- Oo'~tN c i-Tio"!- 00*" (N (M CO CO »0 CO CN CO (M o- (M cq US 1— 1 CO (N 1—1 o* (M Oc ^ <:^ ■^ »^ ^ 'scj 1 2S Ph g l^ OOO 'DH OiTJH CC cc cr O l> I> (M CO(N Q J2 >. 00 t^ CO lO Oi CO CO ■^ CO 00 l-lTt^(^q 00 1—1 1— 1 »0 O t^ Oi (N oc l> CO to c^ ^ 0:>C: co^ -^3 Oo'^OO^o'iO^TtH^C l> o- co'^io^ CM T^^O^ to'^ 1 T-H (N CO CO l> CO l> Tin cOi-i oc (M :3 ^cc CO (N 1—1 GP (N CC cc oc ■■—I Ci oc GC "scj ^ P^ 8 <:c »-( 1— H ■* CO ^ ■* Oi CO t> ^ (M CO to toco CO CO >> CO 00 CO to CO r-H ?; -:t^ O TJH o oco t- Oi -^ l> 00 t^ 00 00 CO l> iC o^t-.^^ l> CO 00^ to fj T-H 00 o 00 00 ic -* oc (m'^'*' CO ^ too: CO u3 rH (N l> CO (M O: l> CO CO^ r> CM ^ (NCO I> (M 1—1 ^ tc OJ -1^ cS m =4H ^ fl c3 c ^- o3 o3 3 gi o Q o J4 '3 11 o o IJ X ^ "o K cc i c 1 c > '^ c ~ a. o eS 1 r h s 1 -^^9 r ^ I PETROLEUM 4:1 e-. "t" cr •^ ^ f^ 1 ^1 ^ o >> o C;> isi Pli 0) C: ^ o '^ ^COTtH fOTJ- 1 to Oi^ 'Tt- Tt (M "to 1—1 "^ >. CiTjHC0'*»OCD 1>(MI> t^ 00 tJ- Oi 1—1 -1^ co^i> »o iO i> 1 Oi i> TtH k: t^ c^ CC CO '-+3 j3 CD CD Tt^ CO r- c^ t^ to CO cc ^ CC ^ oj O C3 -* 1—1 c^ oc o 13 CO O* - ~H ^ ■^ ^ o Q oi Plh § Q: * ^ o "^ CO^IM OCT to o toco oc 1—1 ~oc CO rti >> oi 1— t CD 1— 1 u: CO to 00 CO CC CD (N 05 Oi ■+^ COTjHt^iOCC '^ t-^-^ CO 05 (M CO ■-il3 C^)l>'*COCC -^ CD to CO tf: 1—1 (N (N cS CO * * 1— CD 1— 1 (N * cr: CO :3 1—1 * '^ * -it- * * Go CZi "^ Oi (50 ^ 1 e o pLH a; >-H C: ■^-1 O "^ o "^ l> 00 00 Oi CO to CO Oi "T^i CD !>. ^^ l> ^ >^ Tt^t^ooioic (M to 05 ''^ o- Tt^ T-^ tH O^ ■*^ CD Oi i— 1 T-i 1> 1> CO Oi '^ 1> COi (M CD T— 1 t^TjH uocoo: C t^ Tin CO to CO b- o3 TtH T-H 00 (N to Tt^ 13 1—1 CO 1— 1 G' ^ ^ <^ ■^ c^ ^ ^fl o <^ 1 o ?^ pLH § 1— i <^ Oi O >-H (^q 1-1 1-1 CO c^ (M (N ooo O CD "c^ (N £2 >. T-H 1— 1 (N to CD CD CD Oi CD C5 -i:? Oil>CD rH'* 00 CO o t^ C Oi Ci '-13 -^ 1— 1 IQCO CO 00 i>rio'~co CD t '^ d 05 cq cs C^ O^ j3 CO G? ^ N -^ ■-^ ^ o f-i ^ 1 O) jz| ^ ©V 1 o <3^i Ph a; c^ 00 ^ o '^ kO lO .— 1 00 »o ^ CD to Tt^ tc (M ~»o to 55 >i t^GTiC^ O.'^ CO (M Tf^ OC to 00 tc ir^ 1—1 •rl o Oi 00 (N i> o- TJ^^O^CC '- CO o_ C2 Tt^'^ uoco'^oc (M i>io"'co cc Tt th" o3 (M r- to c^ oa ^ ?i G? -- « ^ Oi Tti 00 to c^ 1— 00 1^ tj- i> CC Oi Oi -IJ T;t< 00 TfH to CD c ^^T^OC to -- TtH C3 l>r to'^co'"cD -^ oTto'co oc cr 1> c3 CO (N b- 13 c^ (y - m O) -|j 03 -(^ a 02 . ^ ^ ■^ cc _a a: -f^ e ^ e l-^-g ) 'E -1^ CO S nois. iiana io . . . o3 ) ■^ . 3 § ^ E^ ^ o f^ o 1 I o" e o . o CC !- H S .S o ^ ? ft , pq c g Qj 1^ '-' iHJi^ 48 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 1300 1200 1100 900 700 600 500 300 200 / ^ \ ^^.x'^TA / _ UNITED STATES / ' / \ MIDCOh ITINENT ^^^ ^^^-^^ - — — --^CALI "ORNIA -.rr'^^ -j^-S^-^ ■'"" gulf" COAST MOIS JTRAL y / <-/«< DCKY MOUNTAIN .. --^-'' EASTERN 1936 '37 38 •39 •42 Fig. 5. — Crude oil production in the United States (by districts) and in Illinois, 1936-42. PETROLEUM 49 Prices of Illinois Crude Oil in 1942 The price of crude oil as posted on May 21, 1941, was $1.22 for the old fields, $1.32 for the Carmi-Storms area, and $1.37 for the basin fields. It remained unchang:ed throughout 1942. The weighted average price of crude petroleum in Illinois in 1942 was $1.36. Under the authority of the Office of Price Administration, maximum prices on crude oil were estab- lished under Maximum Price Eegulation No. 88, issued February 2, 1942. This regulation established, as a maximum or ceiling price at the well for crude oil, the posted price in effect on October 1, 1941. The average value of crude oil in Illinois, 1937-1942, is shown in table 21. Table 21. — Average Value of Crude Oil IN Illinois, 1937-1942i (Per barrel at wells) 1937 $1.33 1938..... 1.25 1939 1.07 1940 *1.06 1941 1.30 1942 2 1.36 ^ U. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbooks. ^ U. S. Bur. Mines, Annual Petroleum State- ment No. P241. * Final Revision. Supply and Demand Relationship of supply and demand, as reflected in changes in stocks of crude oil in Illinois and certain refined products in the Central refining Table 22. — Stocks of Crude Oil and Refined Products in the United States, in Illinois, and in the Central Refining District, by Months, 1942i (In thousands of barrels) Stocks of refined products 1942 Total crude stocks Central ReSning District United States United States Illinois Gasoline Distillate fuel oil 2 Residual fuel oiP Gasoline January February March April May June July August September October November December 253,531 260,844 261,832 257,761 254,577 251,421 245,026 244,125 240,043 237,361 234,100 234,354 12,334 12,407 11,853 11,885 10,969 10,340 9,108 9,424 9,067 9,859 9,082 9,170 21,030 22,820 23,211 21,588 18,996 16,515 15,020 14,638 14,062 13,621 12,376 15,364 4,180 3,082 2,526 2,337 2,712 3,663 4,636 6,056 6,262 6,441 6,554 5,783 3,888 3,748 3,556 3,240 3,174 3,184 3,615 3,882 3,700 3,057 2,484 2,446 101,213 108,297 106,733 101,822 94,681 87,517 79,446 79,526 78,146 76,622 73,216 80,126 ^ U. S. Bureau of Mines, Monthly Petroleum Statements. ^ Includes refinery and bulk stocks. 50 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 district, in comparison with stocks of crude oil and gasoline in the United States, are shown in table 22. Data on consumption of refined products and proved reserves of petroleum are not available because of war censorship. Natural and Manufactured Gas Large quantities of natural gas are produced from the oil fields of Illinois, biit equipment for collecting and transporting this gas requires heavy investment and is not yet available in many localities. Part of the gas is treated to produce natural gasoline and liquefied gases, and part is used to repressure oil wells to increase their production. The production and value of natural gas which is marketed as such, and that used at wells for pumping, lighting, heating, and treating oil, is shown in table 19. Natural gas from other states in the Central district and from the Midcontinent district is available in some parts of Illinois through pipe- lines. Consumption of natural gas in Illinois from these various sources is shown in table 23, the larger portion coming from Texas and Louisiana. Table 23. — Consumption of Natural Gas in Illinois, with Sources, 1936-19411 (In millions of cubic feet) Year 111. Ind. Ky. La. Kan. Mo. Okla. Texas Total 1936 862 95 89 17,214 2,385 ' 53 18 51,800 72,516 1937 1,040 13 185 17,367 2,973 34 81 56,957 78,650 1938 1,068 42 135 15,168 2,176 140 89 47,682 66,500 1939 1,816 5 17,413 2,455 40 80 55,325 77,134 1940 7,530 7 17,917 2,855 18 66 59,695 88,088 1941 9,339 53 21,648 2,760 8 88 64,738 98,634 ^ U. S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbooks. Table 24. — Gas Sales to Ultimate Consumers in Illinois, BY Principal Uses, 1938-1942^- ^ (In thousands of therms) 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 Residential sales, exclusive of space heating Residential space heating Industrial-interruptible sales . Commercial, industrial -n on- interruptible, and other sales 172,517 79,098 323,439 124,722 170,541 88,901 383,406 132,289 176,266 107,312 377,970 148,441 176,357 105,521 378,658 172,812 182,746 124,066 449,467 195,045 Total 699,776 775,137 809,989 833,348 951,329 ^ Illinois Commerce Commission, Rates and Research Section, Monthly Summaries of Gas Sales in Illinois, 1942, and Research Bulletins. 2 Includes manufactured gas. Before natural gas was available in Illinois, the larger communities were supplied by utility companies with manufactured gas, such as coal gas, coke-oven gas, and water gas. When natural gas was first piped into Illinois, some of the vitility companies began furnishing a combination of LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES 51 natural and manufactured gas. Where sufficient volume of natural gas is available, many utility companies are now supplying all natural gas. Gas is sold on the basis of fuel value, which is stated in therms. A therm is equal to 100,000 British thermal units, so one ton of coal having an average heat value of 12,500 Btu per pound is equivalent in fuel value to 250 therms of gas. Heat value of gas available in Illinois ranges from 480 Btu per cubic foot for manufactured gas to as high as 1,030 Btu for natural gas. Gas sales to ultimate consumers in Illinois, showing principal uses by years from 1938 to 1942, inclusive, are shown in table 24. Sales by months during 1942 are shown in table 25. Seasonal variation in demand for resi- dential space heating has been largely offset by increased demand for in- dustrial-interruptible and other kinds of service, giving a reasonably uni- form load throughout the year. Table 25. — Gas Sales to Ultimate Consumers in Illinois, BY Uses and by Months^- ^ (In thousands of thermss) Month Residential sales exclusive of space heating Residential space heating Industrial- interruptible sales Commercial, industrial- non- interruptible, and other sales Total January 16,184 14,782 14,729 14,821 15,573 15,460 14,789 14,154 15,225 15,934 15,280 15,815 21,054 19,301 18,080 13,005 7,083 4,164 2,230 1,709 2,252 6,077 10,890 18,221 29,549 27,902 35,569 37,858 40,034 43,818 44,438 43,872 39,714 39,458 36,314 30,941 15,500 14,765 14,943 18,656 17,232 16,553 15,832 15,945 16,537 18,027 14,384 16,671 82 , 287 February 76,750 March 83,321 April 84,340 May 79,922 June 79,995 July 77,289 August 75,680 September October 73,728 79,496 November December 76,868 81,648 Total 182,746 124,066 449,467 195,045 951,324 ^ Monthly Summary of Gas Sales in Illinois, Illinois Commerce Commission. 2 Includes manufactured gas. 3 A therm is 100,000 Btu. Natural Gasoline and Liquefied Petroleum Gases Annual production of natural gasoline in Illinois has increased more than three times during the past two years, due to the large volume of natural gas available for processing and to increases in number and capacity of plants. The production and value for the past three years is shown in table 19. Annual production of liquefied petroleum gases, butane and propane, as shown in table 19, has increased more than seven times during the past two years. Their use as fuel for internal-combustion engines, as well as for chemical, domestic, and industrial fuels uses, is steadily increasing their importance. From butane is derived butadiene, the basic raw material for the production of Buna synthetic rubber. 52 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 STONE, CEMENT, AND LIME The Illinois stone industry and the related cement and lime industries comprise a mineral industries group which is exceeded in the value of its products only by the Illinois petroleum and coal industries. The stone, cement, and lime produced in 1942 had a value of more than $25,500,000, which was an increase of 18 per cent over 1941, and for the second year in succession established a new all-time high record. Stone Stone (both limestone and dolomite) sold or used by producers in Illinois during 1940-42 is shown in table 26^. The total for 1942 was more than 14,000,000 tons, valued at the quarries at more than $13,000,000. This was an increase in value of 17 per cent over 1941, and likewise set an all-time high record for the second successive year, as shown graphically in figure 6. The principal uses by value were for concrete arid paving, for agricultural limestone, and for metallurgical uses and flux. Of the various classifications ^ Data regarding the relatively small amount of sandstone produced in Illinois is included in Table 46 — Other Minerals. Table 26. — Stone (Lime- Sold OR Used by Producers Use Type of operation 1940 Plants! Amount tons Value at plants Total Av. Agricultural ^ Agricultural Concrete and paving Concrete and paving Railroad ballast Metallurgical and flux Whiting substitutes — paint and putty fillers Whiting substitutes — rubber and other fillers and pottery Miscellaneous fillers — asphalt, fer- tilizer, etc. 3 Rubble and veneering stone. . . . Flagging Riprap Riprap Other uses * Total limestone and dolomite . Total limestone and dolomite. Total stone Commercial Gov.-Contr. Commercial Gov.-Contr. Commercial Gov.-Contr. Commercial Commercial Gov.-Contr. Both 87 5 52 15 12 9 14 5 17 4 14 2,248,005 36,524 4,544,773 1,115,587 359,540 567,350 10,282 5 62,291 23,460 1,440 340,127 26,083 151,907 SI, 904, 664 27,036 3,174,154 1,055,149 234,056 572,515 44,157 175,843 48,062 4,129 341,812 12,788 157,114 99 16 8,309,175 1,178,194 $6,656,506 1,094,973 115 9,487,369 $7,751,479 $0.85 .75 .70 .94 .65 1.01 4.29 3.55 2.05 2.86 1.00 .49 1.03 $0.80 .93 $0.82 t Based upon joint canvass made by Illinois Geol. Survey and U. S. Bur. Mines. ■^ Number of plants reporting production during year indicated. * Canvass made by Illinois Geol. Survey. LIMESTONE AND DOLOMITE 53 by use, those showing the largest increases in value over 1941 were : Metal- lurgical uses and flux ; fillers for asphalt, fertilizer and other materials ; and for railroad ballast. Illinois during 1942 increased its rank to second among all states in value, and fourth in quantity, of stone produced. In previous reports limestone and dolomite, a variety of limestone which contains a high proportion (25 per cent or more) of magnesium carbonate, have been considered together. The importance of the produc- tion of dolomite in Illinois makes it desirable to separate data on dolomite from that on limestone. This has been done and is presented for the first time in table 27. All stone used in the manufacture of cement and lime is reported only under those products (see tables 32 and 33). Limestone. — Limestone sold or used by producers in Illinois during 1942 amounted to 5,585,000 tons, valued at the quarries at $5,890,000. Details of this are given in table 27. The largest uses were for concrete and paving and for agricultural limestone. Dolomite. — Dolomite production in Illinois during 1942 amounted to 8,420,000 tons, valued at the quarries at $7,124,000. Details of this are STONE AND DoLOMITE) IN Illinois, 1940-1942t 1941 1942 Amount tons Value at plants Plants! Amount tons Value at plants Per cent change Plants! Total Av. Total Av. in value from 1941 151 5 58 2,799,321 195,140 6,470,237 $2,689,946 99,524 5,068,430 $0.96 .52 .79 131 3 53 3,641,534 113,016 7,554,649 $3,422,593 74,457 5,954,595 $0.94 .66 .79 +27.0 —25.0 +17.9 19 19 9 1,282,098 529,329 563,989 1,753,852 385,961 532,874 1.33 .73 .95 17 16 9 623,661 804,853 847,593 951,847 617,988 1,231,311 1.52 .77 1.45 +60.0 +130.0 3 14,225 81,569 5.73 5 4,379 20,983 4.77 —74 .3 5 5 4 6,957 27,740 3.98 5 75,923 178,848 2.33 7 102,551 359,830 3.50 +102.0 11 5 21 7,159 355 82,276 25,761 1,463 86,921 3.60 4.11 1.06 10 3 18 31,047 158 54,826 29,169 785 48,547 .94 4.97 .89 + 13.0 —46.5 —44.0 5 10 74,417 111,667 79,487 1,194,468 1.07 1.07 2 18 31,596 189,736 42,373 232,211 1.34 1.22 —46.7 +94.0 161 20 10,654,481 1,551,655 $9,171,241 1,932,863 $0.86 1.24 138 17 13,238,283 768,273 $11,945,752 1,068,677 $0.90 1.39 +30.0 —44.7 181 12,206,136 $11,104,104 $0.91 155 14,006,556 $13,014,429 $0.93 +17.2 ^ Includes stone for coal-mine dusting. * Includes filler for "black-top" roads, stone sand, stone for filter regrinding, glass factories, mineral (rock) wool, concrete blocks, etc. ^ Included in Whiting substitute™, — paint and putty fillers. beds, poultry grit, stock feeds, reprocessing, 54 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 H tH H o & h-1 t— ( Q ^, ^ < '-' W ;^ W o u H p 7J n w n ^ M J Ph >^ 1 m t- n H 02 n - 05 t^ CO CO Oi 05 00 Oi 00 -t^ > d ^ O T-l CO d ^ a e© m m »O-<*iO 1:0 00 ooi>. 10 i> d COOt-Cit^O uoo ^ OiO Oi o3 M -2 rH ,-1 CO T-l (M coo CO 00 to CO O OO-^T^Ot^ (N(N CO T— 1 (M '^ H ^ ^ ^^ Oi (M 1—1 s > ,—1 Ttl 1>.'^ r^ 1 m ^ m CO ■* 10 Oi 00 ^ lO CO 1-H CO ■^ O COfM^OOit- CO^ t^CO 'o rt l>I>lOr-HOO * ^ 0^00 Oi Q 11 O^OOCOOOIO 00.' ^ CO Oi CO CQ 1> (M ■^ CO T-i »0 10 ^ CO 1— Tt^ 00 00 00 1- 00 Tti 0: Ob- 10 »2 CO 05 CO 00 !>• 05 00 Oi Oi 00 CO CO 1 o-* ^J >* j3 ^ ^ ■ ■ ^ ' ^ Th CO CO ' -*' ' ,-i r-H l—i 1—1 -,—1 ^ m m m 'Bh 00 CO 10 CO CO CO !>• 1— 1 10 OQ CO 00 COr^ TtH -f^ CO (N CO IXM (N 00 TtH ^ CO 00 00 t^ 10 i>i>- TtH 03 Oi -^ 00 00 (M (N 01 t^ (M 00 I> I> CO ^ t-co ^ :3 o~co'^co'^i>.'~co''oi 0^ t^'~co'~co'~ o'c^'^co co'co o~ o Ttl t^ 1-H CO r-H 10 (M (M CO T-l Ttl Tti CO CO to Oi o 3 H (M 0000(M (M ^ ^ GiOi 00^ c to CO 05 CO r-H ,-i(N to l> (M '^ CO 11 ^ ^ CO I>rcO (N Tt^ cO^TtH l>r zOt^O: too to ■rJH 1— 1 -^ CO to CO r-( Ttl CO i— 1 CO to 00 Cs) 1— 1 Oi to (N (M 1—1 05C0 to < OcT ^ ■rt^ to' 1 05 (N CO Oi CO to to '^ ^ 1> CO CO (M (M (N Oi fl 00 CO ^ ^ 05 cs3 1-H S d s^.^-^.^ -£3"^ .Sis o cj fi C sH cl "0 fl gOgOg, , — — . Og o s >■ a >■ a > B a > w 00000 c c 00000 00 00 :1 m c ^:2^- a •7^ ^ ill im .111 o; Oi d o o < m ^ QJ ^3 o o o lO o lO '^ c^ 00 o > ^^ (33 to t^ ^ 5 to 05 c o o 1 <1 ^ m c o o cc 1— 1 t^ '^ O" to ■* > 1 03 Tf TjT Os' -f^ oc 00 ,—1 O i> l> tJh H ^ Oi c o o ^ <1 e*& m o Q •-r! o Q c3 t- t^ > __ o3 c T— I 1—1 -^ !>. to oc to' '^'^ IC (M 00 B (M (M (N (N .2 T3 • 1 S : CD . .23 S 1h o h- 1 _g _g 1— 1 _a n3 03^ i T3 S^ T3 oc C 02 2 rs "^ t1 -d T3 o; 03

_i Up a: < tfl 6 L_ O Z o IJ2 ^' "" ^--'' \CEMENT 20 YR.AV. / \ / *•••"' / "^*, / ,1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 350 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 Fig. 8. — Annual shipments of cement and lime by producers in Illinois, 1920-1942. 20-yr. average based on quantities for 1920-1939, inclusive. CEMENT AND LIME 63 Cement Shipments of cement produced in Illinois during 1942 increased nearly 17 per cent in value from the previous year, as shown in table 32 and figure 8, and amounted to 7,087,000 barrels, valued at the plants at more than $10,284,000. This increase was the result of the large amount of construc- tion for military purposes, and for plants producing war materials and for housing needed in connection with them. Lime During 1942 shipments of lime produced in Illinois increased 31 per cent in value from the previous year. As shown in table 33, these amounted to 314,000 tons, valued at plants at $2,266,000. Shipments of quicklime and dead-burned (sintered) dolomite increased 42 per cent, due to large amounts being used in steel and other industries directly connected with production of war materials. Shipments of hydrated lime decreased 20 per cent. Figure 8 shows that both quicklime and total lime shipments during 1942 established new all-time high records, the third year in succes- sion that they had done so. Illinois ranked fifth among all the states in value, and sixth in quantity, of lime produced during 1942. 64 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 Table 32- SoLD OE Used by Pkoducers Lbs. bbl 1940 Kind Plants! Amount bbls. Value at plants Total Av. Standard Portland cement 376 376 376 280 2 2 2 Special Portland cements: High-early-strength, and Port- land-puzzolan Low-heat-of -hardening , white, and other Special hydrauHc cements: Masonry Total cement Equiv. 376 5 4 5,006,727 $7,347,253 $1 47 t Canvass by U. S. Bureau of Mines. ^ Number of plants reporting production during year indicated. ^ Not differentiated. Table 33.— Sold or Used by Producers 1940 Kind and use Plants! Amount tons Value at plants Total Av. Quicklime: 2 Building lime 3 3 7 15,109 6,176 113,981 $122,947 34,499 794,473 $8.11 Chemical and industrial Hme: Paper-strawboard process, etc 5.59 Other industrial uses^ 7.00 Total quicklime 8 135,266 $951,919 $7.06 Hydrated lime: Building lime 5 3 5 3,710 447 21,935 $31,889 3,383 162,922 $8.60 Agricultural lime 7.58 Chemical and industrial lime'^ 7.45 Total hydrated lime 6 26,092 $198,194 $7.60 Total hme 8 161,358 $1,150,113 $7.13 t Canvass by U. S. Bur. Mines. ^ Number of plants reporting production during year indicated. 2 Following procedure of U. S. Bur. of Mines, data on dead-burned (sintered) dolomite are included with quicklime. To avoid disclosing operations of individual producers, data on this material are in- cluded with "Other industrial uses." CEMENT AND LIME 65 Cement m Illinois, 1940-1942t 1941 1942 Amount bbls. Value at plants Plants! Amount bbls. Value at plants Per cent change Plants' Total Av. Total Av. in value from 1941 2 2 2 2 4 3 3 4 6,165,989 502,483 136,328 3 379,342 $8,585,213 1,000,565 201,159 497,174 $1.39 1.99 1.47 1.32 5 * 6,033,440 $8,799,667 $1.46 4 5 7,087,400 $10,284,111 $1.45 +16.9 3 Masonry-cement barrels containing 280 pounds each. * Includes Portland cement and natural cement. ^ Includes masonry cement reduced to equivalent standard barrels. Lime IN Illinois, 1940-1942t 1941 1942 1 Amount tons Value at plants Plants! Amount tons Value at plants Per cent change Plants! Total Av. Total Av. in value from 1941 5 5 7 16,020 11,221 179,337 $142,735 67,286 1,219,834 $8.91 6.00 6.80 5 3 6 8,725 11,778 262,158 $ 83,943 62,629 1,885,295 $9.56 5.32 7.20 —412 —7.0 +54.6 9 206,578 $1,429,855 $6.93 8 282,661 $2,031,867 $7.19 +42.1 6 3 6 6,358 285 33,057 $60,408 2,440 231,147 $9:50 8.56 7.00 6 5 5 4,128 439 26,849 $ 39,481 2,877 191,927 $9.56 6.55 7.15 -34.7 +17.9 —17.0 6 39,700 $293,995 $7.41 6 31,416 $234,285 $7.46 —20.0 9 246,278 $1,723,850 $6.99 9 314,077 $2,266,152 $7.21 +31.5 ^Includes dead-burned (sintered) dolomite; quicklime used in metallurgy-steel (open-hearth fur- naces), wire drawing, and smelter flux; petroleum refining; refining aluminum oxide; sewage and trade- wastes treatment ; tanneries ; water purification and softening ; and in manufacturing sand-lime, slag, and silica brick, calcium carbide and cyanamide, coke and gas, insecticides, fungicides, and disinfectants, paints and varnish, retarder, soap and fat, glue. * Includes hydrated lime used in metallurgy- wire drawing ; paper- sulfite process ; petroleum refin- ing ; refining aluminum oxide ; tanneries ; water purification and softening ; and in manufacturing sand- lime, slag, and silica brick, coke and gas, insecticides, etc., paints and varnish, soap and fat. 06 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 20 18 16 14 12 - / \ - / \ - \ / - \ NNUA L PR ODUC A TION / y ' i A \ / \ / / / \ \ / / 10 8 / / 'V / \ / / / / / / / / \ \ \ \ \ V / / / / / / - V^ / / / / \\ / / / / z ' 2 - 6 4 /^^ANNUAL VALUE \ \ / \ / »- \ \ / / \ \ \ \ \ / / / \/ U Q. U D -I - \ \ ,^ / < > U O < QC - 2 -V. X ylWJ ERAG E VAL .UE P ER TC )N LJ >.80- n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . . .!.._ 1 10 z o _) _J 4^ z u D _J 2< > 1920 '22 •24 '26 '28 '30 '32 '34 •36 '38 '40 42 Fig. 9. — Annual production and value of sand and gravel, and silica sand in Illinois. 1920-1942. SAND AND GRAVEL 67 SAND AND GRAVEL, AND SILICIA SAND The sand and gravel industry, the fifth in value of production of the mineral industries of Illinois, made large increases during 1942. As shown in table 34, the total sold or used by producers during 1942 amounted to 18,268,000 tons which was valued at the pits at $11,529,000. This was an increase of 30 per cent in value over the production of the previous year, establishing a new all-time record. The corresponding increase in quantity was 19 per cent over the previous year. This latter increase is significant compared with the corresponding quantity increase for this industry for the entire United States, which was 5 per cent. In sand and gravel production for 1942, Illinois increased its rank among the states to second in quantity and fourth in value. For the previous year Illinois ranked fourth in quantity and fifth in value, while in 1939 the corresponding rank for Illinois was fifth in quantity and sixth in value. This is a remarkable achievement during the past three years, bring- ing the sand and gravel industry of Illinois to a position of leadership in the United States. The annual production and value of sand and gravel, and silica sand in Illinois from 1920 through 1942 is presented graphically in figure 9. The large increase since 1939 is especially notable because sand and gravel are not generally considered very important in war economy. The annual value for 1942, which established an all-time high record, was the result of the great increases in the use of silica sand for steel molding sand and the large increases in the use of other sands for various industrial sands. All of these industrial uses were greatly affected by the production of war materials. Silica sand. — Illinois in 1942 ranked first among all the states in the value of silica sand produced, which increased 41 per cent in value over that for the previous year. The amount was 3,100,000 tons, valued at the pits at $4,055,000. Approximately 60 per cent of this amount was used for steel molding sand, in which Illinois in 1942 ranked first among all the states. This was valued at $2,070,000, which was practically double the corresponding value for the previous year and five times that for 1939. The next largest use of silica sand was for glass sand. This was valued at $1,206,000, which was an increase of 17 per cent over that used the previous year. Illinois in 1942 ranked first among all the states in produc- tion of this material. Other important uses of silica sand were for blast sand, fire or furnace sand, and engine sand. Another product of the Illinois silica sand industry is ground silica, also known as 'Aground quartz" or '^ silica flour." Data regarding this material are given in table 35. Sand (other than silica sand). — The production of other types of sand in Illinois during 1942 amounted to 5,470,000 tons, valued at the pits at $2,628,000. This was an increase of 17 per cent over the previous year, as shown in table 34. Natural-bonded molding sand produced during 1942 amounted to 107,000 tons, valued at $135,000. Principal uses for sand, other than silica 68 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 Table 34. — Sand and Gravel, and Silicia Sand Type operation 1940 Use Plants! Amount tons Value at plants Total Av. Silica Sand Glass sand^ Commercial 3 6 3 3 4 2 586,054 474,569 52,833 98,183 68,104 6 116,344 $742,959 450,525 77,551 263,534 100,652 176,142 $1 27 Steel molding sand . . . , Structural and paving sand Blast, grinding and polishing sand Fire or furnace sand .95 1.47 2.67 1 48 Filter and engine sand Other silica sand^ 1 51 Total silica sand " 7 1,396,087 1,811,363 1 30 Sand (other than Silica Sand) Natural-bonded molding sand .... Structural sand^ Commercial it Gov.-Contr, Commercial Gov.-Contr. Commercial ii it It Gov.-Contr. Both 14 '69 5 55 6 8 6 11 78,903 1,652,726 2,684 1,361,072 14,536 44,521 315,055 48,638 79,877 716,281 506 517,748 5,343 22,563 84,444 23,638 1.01 .43 u li 4 .19 Paving and highway-structures sand it It li l( u Engine sand .38 .37 .51 Railroad-ballast sand .27 Other sand .49 Total sand (other than siHca sand) (< 11 a a a ii 110 8 3,500,915 17,220 1,444,551 5,849 .41 .34 ti 11 it ii 11 i( 118 3,518,135 1,450,400 .41 Gravel Structural graved Commercial Gov.-Contr. Commercial Gov.-Contr. Commercial 11 Commercial Gov.-Contr. Both 74 7 79 34 12 19 1,553,123 84,473 2,061,883 548,541 1,506,732 84,474 825,323 40,601 849,165 213,366 608,034 39,873 .53 U ii 4 .48 Paving and highway-structures graveP .41 Paving and highway-structures gravel^ .39 Railroad-ballast gravel .40 Other gravel .47 Total gravel . . 121 37 5,206,212 633,014 2,322,395 253,967 .45 it li .40 ti It 158 5,839,226 2,576,362 .44 Total sand and gravel, and silica sand Commercial Gov.-Contr. Both 151 40 10,103,214 650,234 5,578,309 259,816 .55 Total sand and gravel .40 Grand total — sand and gravel, and silica sand 191 10,753,448 $5,838,125 $0.54 t Compiled from joint canvass made by U. S. Bur. Mines and 111. Geol. Survey. ^ Number of plants reporting production during year indicated. 2 For melting only. 2 Excluding sand ground for silica flour, see Table 35, "Ground Silica." SAND AND GRAVEL Sold oe Used by Producers in Illinois, 1940-1942. t 69 1941 1942 Value at plants Value at plants Per cent Amount Tons Plants! Amount Tons change Plants! in value Total Av. Total Av. from 1941 3 754,799 $1,029,217 $1.36 3 833,460 $1,206,598 $1.45 +17.2 7 959,254 1,047,468 1.09 14 1,914,491 2,070,436 1.08 +97.7 4 57,519 ^^4,776 1.47 3 25,915 41,626 1.61 —51.0 3 141,479 438,625 3.11 4 173,500 524,964 3.03 +20.0 3 56,548 60,956 1.08 3 36,016 56,222 1.56 —7.8 3 10, 133 28,187 2.78 4 52,507 45,238 .86 +60.5 2 112,968 183,732 1.62 2 68,008 110,518 1.63 —39.8 7 2,092,700 2,872,961 1.37 14 3,103,897 4,055,602 1.31 +U-2 14 138,973 163,310 1.17 14 107,263 135,391 1.26 —17.1 68 2,691,167 1,240,567 .46 67 2,687,659 1,224,723 .46 —1.3 2 2,638 500 .19 7 20,089 11,893 .59 59 1,384,910 554,310 .40 47 1,694,948 914,809 .54 +65.0 6 26,846 13,777 .51 6 6,360 2,369 .37 —82.8 10 78,016 36,974 .47 12 131,841 62,039 .47 +67.8 5 538,112 168,817 .31 8 576,180 172,923 .30 +2.4 14 177,370 70,836 .40 11 246,041 103,963 .42 +46.8 104 5,008,548 2,234,814 .45 97 5,443,932 2,613,848 .48 +17.0 8 29,484 14,277 .49 9 26,449 14,262 .54 —0.1 112 5,038,032 2,249,091 .45 106 5,470,381 2,628,110 .48 +16.8 66 2,985,019 1,579,731 .52 72 2,617,433 1,305,769 .50 —17.3 3 12,927 13,170 1.02 6 23,300 15,921 .68 +20.9 85 1,711,802 762,960 .45 94 2,737,685 1,331,549 .49 +74.5 36 1,525,055 646,920 .42 32 1,618,634 1,045,455 .65 +61.4 20 1,933,312 734,703 .38 23 2,531,171 1,061,133 .42 +44.4 15 62,132 27,460 .44 11 165,860 85,561 .52 +211.5 118 6,692,265 3,104,854 .47 125 8,052,149 3,784,012 .47 +21.9 36 1,537,982 660,090 .43 32 1,641,934 1,061,376 .65 +60.8 154 8,230,247 3,764,944 ,46 157 9,694,083 4,845,388 .50 +28.7 149 13,793,513 8,212,629 .60 165 16,599,978 10,453,462 .63 +27.3 36 1,567,466 674,367 .43 32 1,668,383 1,075,638 .64 +59.6 185 15,360,979 S8, 886, 996 $ .58 197 18,268,361 $11,529,100 $ .63 +29.7 * Excluding highway structures. ^ This does not include novaculite gravel- — ^see Table 46, "Other Minerals.' ^ Included in "Other silica sand" for 1940. 70 MINERAL INDUSTKy IN 1942 ^ M 9 g ^ ~l II ^ ■^f^ >^ t^ •^ <^G0 O (SO 1 eo s^ <^ > a + 1 + 1 + 1— < O 05 1— 1 Oi Oi 00 C: CO CO 1-H i> 02 >■ << CO CO CO CO r^ CO -t^ ^ ^ 'p. lOC^COOOOO T+i 00 ■* CO -* ^ s ^ co^^i>o t^^ a O) 3 e5 m 1— 1 CO Ol>.l>.C0 CO oocot-i>o o -IJ COIXM CO Cft co^ §« r-Tc^'^c^'^o'cx) co'^ lO 00(N CO a^ <: l>iOOO(M o OOi^CN^ <— 1 02 CO lO CO CO CO CO ^ ^ ^ c c3 3. T*H OOOiCOiO 05 o ^ ^^ lO (^ "^ (N (N O ^^05 ^^ o ':5 t^ Oi CO CX) 00 oT ^ 03 OOC^ COOiCO T^ 1 H 00 ,_-i 03 €^ ^ xH > 05 i-H(M -* CSiO CO 1-H O CO rti (N -1^ (N 05 1>OCS 1—1 ii i^'* co'(>r^ Oi '^ Tt^CO^ CO -< t-oocooc 00 CO'* (M IOC 00 W5 << lO uo CO CO CO »o -f3 m ©^ C ^ 'p^ CO 00 00 »o iC (M CO (^ "S ^^ ^ ^ > i-H Tfi CO O O l>" 1> o CO o 00 Tt Ol -, CO 05 1— 1 CO C CO Is uoaroo''co''o: co'^ CO (N . „ cr asiv ,mel ndr; tery o ^H 2 :3 -f.^ H _Q rt o oC: < ^ ^ PhC 1 -■^^ <-> ■^ o 05 1-J M cc t3 o o h-! )— 1 n ^ g '"' < 02 '^~' H ,_i O i_3 D o Q fe O rfl ^ PU 1 >^ M CO CO Q W w m ^ < H P3 O O 1-) o M — , 1 00 »^ GO II Per cent change in value rom 194 + 1 + «*-! 1 ■* ^ r^ o (N 1—1 ^ CO CO CO C» m m a o O o lO '^ 05 ■^ c3 1—1 CM CO Oi CD •^ 05 CO 1-H ^ o CO CO o o3 €^ (N > H Q uo to Q l> I>- o iC »o II ■* 00 (M <^ cq o to Tt^ iO ■* > <1 ^ Ttl tJh' iS m 1—1 m *a CO |v. Q ^-^ 05 Q o o3 00 00 t^ (U 1— 1 t> (M o ^ UO Tt o '^ ^ (M ■<* > H ^ Oi ,_l (M CO o CO CO ^ o 00 00 §<" '^ 05 CO 11 < o (N to TjH lO tH CO CO CO m 1—1 m m "s o CO CO o h- 1> 03 (M CO to (U .—1 Tt 1—1 to Tj- to o I § ^ 1—1 1—1 m CTi O , 1 ,_! o (> (N CO (M to CO or i-T '"' << oc a M U) t: Q. > ^ 1 X ^ ^ eS < ;i 1 GROUND SILICA AND TRIPOLI 71 sand, produced during- 1942 in Illinois, in order of their value, were for structural purposes, for paving and highway-structures, and for railroad- ballast. Gravel. — Production of gravel in Illinois during 1942 increased 29 per cent in value over that of the previous year. A total of 9,694,000 tons, valued at the pits at $4,845,000, was produced. The largest use of gravel during- the year was for paving and highway-structures, with structural gravel, and railroad-ballast gravel next in importance. Commercial amd Government - and - contractor operations. — Over 1,600,000 tons, or 9 per cent, of sand and gravel produced in Illinois during 1942 came from government-and-contractor operations: The State of Illi- nois, counties, townships, municipalities, and the Work Projects Adminis- tration, produced either by themselves or by contractors expressly for their use. Purchases by government agencies from commercial producers are included in commercial operations. GROUND SILICA Ground silica, or silica flour, is made by fine grinding of washed silica sand (see pp. 67, 70) . During 1942 the production of this material in Illinois amounted to 166,000 tons, valued at the plants at $1,123,000. As shown in table 35, this was an increase in value of 32 per cent over that for the previous year. Illinois continued to rank first among the states in the value of ground silica produced. The principal uses for ground silica were in the foundry, abrasive, filler, and ceramic fields. In the ceramic industry, ground silica is known as '^ silica flour" or ''potter's flint." TRIPOLI (AMORPHOUS SILICA) Production of tripoli (amorphous silica) in Illinois during 1942 amounted to 12,500 tons, valued at mills at $203,000, as shown in table 36. Illinois continued to rank first among the states in the value of tripoli (amorphous silica) produced. This material was used as an abrasive, polish, filler, and for numerous other purposes. 72 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 Table 37. — Clay and Clay Products (Including Silicia Refractories and 1940 Kind and use Plants! Amount Value at plants Total Av. Clays Fire clay — laying and daubing refractories Bonding foundry sands 6 3 3 tons 108,139 22,900 9,335 $190,411 90,700 15,270 $1.76 3.95 Making ceramic products^ 1.64 Other uses Total fire clay 9 3 ' 3 140,374 95,886 14,406 296,381 910,110 33,885 2 11 Stoneware clay — stoneware, art pottery, saggers Kaolin — crucibles, glass works, foundries, white ware, etc 1.72 Shale and surface clay — fillers and other uses^ 2 35 Fuller's earth— oil refining and other uses 15 1 160,666 24,974 340,376 205,494 2,12 8.24 Total clays 16 185,640 545,870 2 94 Structural Clay Products Common brick 41 26 5 thous. 260,497 121,885 2,053 2,605,220 1,802,787 55,233 10.00 Face brick 14.81 Paving block 26.90 Total in equivalent tons 41 tons 965,200 4,463,240 4.62 Drain tile 21 27 4 3 4 65,311 159,820 27,957 9,020 45,346 426,299 820,092 466,214 603,156 272,299 6.53 Structural tile 5.14 Sewer pipe, wall coping, flue lining Terra cotta and glazed block"* 16.70 67.00 Other structural products^ 6.01 Total structural clay products 64 1,272,654 7,051,300 5.55 White Wares and Pottery Flowerpots 4 5 3 6 3 6 175,710 • 670,246 237,824 755,714 2,449,307 676,573 Stoneware and kitchen ware Dinnerware and art china Art pottery Vitreous-china plumbing fixtures Porcelain and other whiteware^ Total white wares 19 4,965,374 Refractory Products — Clay and Silica Fire brick and shapes^ Plastic and castable refractories 7 3 7 5 tons 175,500 7,479 6,062 9,302 3,301,468 204,092 207,149 159,336 18.82 26.80 Cements and mortars 34.10 Other refractories^ 17.10 Total refractories 12 198,343 $3,872,045 $19.50 Total clay and clay products 104 $16,434,589 t Compiled from canvass made by Illinois Geol. Survey. ^ Number of plants reporting production during year indicated. 2 Includes clays sold for manufacture of fire brick, face brick, sewer pipe, flue lining, wall coping, saggers, art pottery, and stoneware. ^ Includes clays sold for manufacture of flowerpots and ceramic-glazed brick. * Includes ceramic-glazed and salt-glazed brick and block. CLAY AND CLAY PRODUCTS 73 FuLLERs's Earth) Sold and Shipped by Producers in Illinois, 1940-1942t 1941 1942 Amount Value at plants Plants! Amount Value at plants Per cent change Plants! Total Av. Total Av. in value from 1941 4 3 4 1 tons 117,685 28,798 28,600 12,000 $231,119 131,016 36,550 16,400 $ 1.97 4.55 1.28 1.36 3 3 4 tons 113,781 i« 34,713 16,655 $ 233,416 10 142,283 24,194 $ 2.05 4.12 1.45 +1.0 +1.7 —33.5 7 4 3 3 187,083 13,549 1,415 20,358 415,085 21,834 14,251 39,355 2.22 1.61 10.10 1.93 9 4 3 3 165,149 11,317 1,011 19,282 399,893 19,726 9,360 39,857 2.42 1.74 9.26 2.07 —3.7 —9.7 —34.3 +1.3 17 1 222,405 26,676 490,525 209,577 2.20 7.87 15 1 196,759 30,421 468,836 264,611 2.38 8.70 -4.4 +26.3 18 249,081 700,102 2.81 16 227,180 733,447 3.23 +4.8 42 24 5 thous. 403,338 97,541 2,160 3,787,863 1,569,395 53,024 9.40 16.10 24.60 35 18 3 thous. 298,181 55,045 2,079 3,096,717 861,004 50,682 10.39 15.64 24.38 — 18.3 —45.2 —4.4 42 tons 1,259,758 5,410,282 4.29 39 tons 890,342 4,008,403 4.50 —26.1 20 24 3 4 5 68,060 129,464 34,806 11,027 53,305 448,176 800,448 618,702 608,940 361,966 6.58 6.20 17.70 55.00 6.78 16 17 4 3 7 72,607 88,870 27,964 3,451 51,933 578,834 524,144 549,592 293,837 371,700 7.97 5.90 19.65 85.15 7.15 +29.8 —34.5 —11.2 —51.8 +2.7 64 1,556,420 8,248,514 5.32 54 1,135,167 6,326,510 5.57 —23.3 4 189,597 1,028,715 360,948 1,596,302 2,640,406 739,504 4 4 3 8 3 6 183,628 984,303 431,190 1,790,714 3,204,601 786,781 —3.2 4 —4.4 +19.4 3 8 +12.2 3 +21.4 7 +6 .3 20 6,555,472 20 7,381,217 +12.6 7 4 5 5 tons 217,247 9,274 3,871 13,960 4,075,282 312,488 258,507 145,022 18.80 33.70 66.80 10.40 7 3 6 3 tons 239,603 12,360 12,355 11,138 4,912,744 529,367 331,392 144,615 20.50 42.83 26.90 12.98 +20.5 +69.4 +28.2 —0.3 12 244,352 4,791,299 $19.61 10 275,456 5,918,118 21.48 +23.3 106 $20,295,387 93 $20,359,292 +0.3 ^ Includes facing block, light weight aggregate, roofing granules, and grog. ^ Includes chemical porcelain, electrical porcelain, saggers, clay pipes, garden pottery. "^ Includes fire-clay, high-alumina, and silica brick and shapes. ® Includes retorts, condensers, stove lining, daubing mix, grog, and silica cement. ® Includes kaolin. ^° Includes other uses. 74 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 CLAY AND CLAY PRODUCTS Including Silica Refractories and Fuller ^s Earth Clay and clay products. — Clay and clay products (including silica refractories and fuller's earth) comprise the fourth largest mineral industry in Illinois in value of products, being next to petroleum, coal, and stone (including cement and lime) . The value of clay and clay products sold and shipped by producers in Illinois in 1942, as reported to the Illinois State Geological Survey, amounted to $20,359,000, approximately the same as the previous year, as shown in table 37. Clays (including fuller's earth). — The production of clays (including fuller's earth) which were sold as such by producers in Illinois during 1942, amounted to 227,000 tons, valued at the mines or pits at $733,000. Clays, which were used by their producers in manufacturing clay products, are not included in the clay section of table 37, but are reported in terms of finished products in other sections of that table. The value of the fire clay sold in 1942 was 54 per cent of the total for all clays, fuller's earth ac- counted for 36 per cent, and shale and surface clay, stoneware clay, and kaolin made up the balance. The principal uses for each kind of clay are given in the table. The total value of clays as stated above shows an in- crease of 5 per cent over the previous year, fuller's earth having the largest increase. Structural clay products. — The various structural clay products sold and shipped by producers in Illinois during 1942 amounted to 1,135,000 tons, valued at the plants at $6,326,000, as shown in table 37. Common brick, face brick, and paving block are given in thousands, then the equivalent tons are given for the total of these three kinds of clay products. All other kinds of structural clay products are given in tons. The structural clay products in 1942 were 23 per cent less in value than those of the previous year. Terra cotta and glazed block showed the largest decline, 52 per cent, followed in order by face brick, 45 per cent ; structural tile, 34 per cent ; common brick, 18 per cent ; and sewer pipe, wall coping, and flue lining, 11 per cent. Drain tile was the only kind of struc- tural clay product to show a decided increase in value over that of the previous year, 30 per cent more. This sweeping decrease in sales of nearly every type of structural clay product was caused by the great reduction in all kinds of building construction and the nearly complete cessation of all civilian building in order to divert labor and materials into production of war equipment and supplies. The increase in use of drain tile was caused by extensive drainage requirements for military areas and new plants for war needs. CLAY AND CLAY PRODUCTS 75 Demand for structural materials, as reflected in the value of building permits issued, is shown in table 38, classified by type of structure and by months. The usual data for individual cities are not available this year. The number of dwelling units included in the permits is given for each month. During 1942 the total value of structures covered by the permits issued in Illinois amounted to $72,707,000. This was a decrease of 50 per cent from the previous year. New residential construction showed the largest decline, 57 per cent, while nonresidential decreased 44 per cent, and repairs and additions showed a reduction of 36 per cent. Table 38. — Value of Building Permits Issued in Illinois by Months AND BY Type, in 1942i Month Number of dwelling units New residential New non- residential Repairs and additions Total January February 1,482 650 992 1,120 493 344 537 718 451 827 690 109 $6,255,997 3,514,575 5,480,873 5,060,846 1,959,705 1,377,172 2,251,107 2,819,289 1,825,144 3,403,058 2,708,194 465,268 $2,325,963 2,176,121 1,426,007 3,463,416 3,822,304 1,661,249 2,568,175 628,321 1,403,400 589,252 1,098,702 2,163,581 $1,109,953 711,382 1,380,302 1,343,667 1,268,684 760,977 1,360,784 1,357,454 1,335,627 617,641 486,637 526,219 $9,691,913 6,402,078 March April May June July August September October November December 8,287,182 9,867,929 7,050,693 3,799,398 6,180,066 4,805,064 4,564,171 4,609,951 4,293,533 3,155,068 Total 1942 . . . 8,413 $37,121,228 $23,326,491 $12,259,327 $72,707,046 Total 1941 . . . 2 $86,639,495 $41,443,457 $19,058,550 $147,141,502 Per cent change, 1942 from 1941.. 2 —57.2 —43.7 —35.7 —50.6 ''■ As reported to U. S. Dept. of Labor, Bur. of Labor Statistics. See "Monthly Reports on Building Construction" for 1942. Data for individual cities not available. 2 Not available. White wares and pottery. — The value of these products in Illinois during 1942 for the first time exceeded that of clays, strLictural clay prod- ucts, or refractory products. The total value of white wares amounted to $7,381,000, which showed an increase of 13 per cent over that for 1941 and of 48 per cent over the corresponding total for 1940. Vitreous china plumb- ing fixtures showed the largest value for any type of whiteware, amounting to $3,204,000, which was an increase of 21 per cent over the previous year. Art pottery was the second largest group in vahie, amounting to $1,790,000 whereas the other groups, in order of value, were stoneware and kitchen- ware, porcelain and other white ware, dinnerware and art china, and flowerpots. Dinnerware and art china showed an increase of 19 per cent over the previous year, art pottery showed a corresponding increase of 12 per cent. 76 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 Refractory products — clay and silica. — This group of clay products is most closely related to the production of metals for war equipment and supplies. Therefore, the production of refractories has rapidly increased with the intensity of the war effort. During 1942 Illinois producers sold and shipped refractories amounting to 275,000 tons, valued at the plants at $5,918,000. This showed an increase of 23 per cent over 1941, and an increase of 53 per cent over 1940. The special importance of plastic and castable refractories is shown by the 69 per cent increase in the value of their production for 1942 over that for the previous year. FLUORSPAR Fluorspar is one of the critical war minerals needed in the production of open-hearth steel, in the preparation of a flux for the reduction of alumina in the aluminum industry, and in the preparation of a catalyst used in the production of aviation gasoline. The rapidly expanding war production program in 1942, with its 'demands for steel, also affected the fluorspar industry. Despite labor supply and other difficulties, production and shipments of fluorspar in 1942 were 8 and 12 per cent greater than in 1941, the previous record year. Production in the United States totaled 337,000 tons as compared with 313,000 tons in 1941. The Illinois-Kentucky district accounted for 79 per cent of the total in 1942 as compared with 86 per cent in 1941. Illinois established a new all-time high record of 161,949 tons, surpassing that of 1917 (156,676 tons) by 3 per cent. Shipments of fluorspar from Illinois mines in 1939 to 1942 are shown in table 39. Figure 10 shows graphically the effect of two world wars on the fluorspar industry in Illinois. Table 39. — Fluorspar Shipped from Illinois Mines, 1939-1942 i Tons Value at mines Year Total Average 1939 75,257 104,698 133,333 161,949 $1,638,693 2,313,747 3 , 047 , 247 $21.77 1940 22.10 1941 22.85 1942 4 , 306 , 750 26 . 59 ^ U. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbooks, and Mineral Market Report, M.M.S. 1041. The classification of fluorspar shipments into gravel, lump, and ground spar, reported in previous years, has been discontinued and has been super- seded by a classification into metallurgical, ceramic, and acid spar. These three groups are the principal commercial grades, the uses and character- istics of which are described in table 40. Shipments of fluorspar from Illinois mines, in the new form of report- ing by commercial classification, in 1942, is given in table 41. Fluorspar shipped from mines in 1941 and 1942, by states and by uses, is shown in tables 42 and 43. FLUORSPAR 77 180 1913 '15 Fig. 10. — Fluorspar, annual shipments and average value, from Illinois mines, 1913-1942. 78 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 Table 40. — Chief Commercial Grades of Fluorspari Chief use Form Specifications, in per cent Name CaF2 (mini- mum) SiOa (maxi- mum) Fe203 (maxi- mum) Metallurgical . Basic open -hearth steel .... Washed gravel, less than 1 ' ' and not more than 15 per cent of fines Ground: coarse, fine, and extra fine 85 95 98 5 3 1 Ceramic Glass and enamel Hydrofluoric acid 12 Acid Lump, gravel, and ground . U. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbook, 1940, p, 1301. Table 41. — Fluorspar Shipped from Illinois Mines, by Grades, 1942i Shipped to consumers Kind Short tons Value at mines Total Av. per ton Metallurgical Ceramic 82,919 9,278 69,752 $2,022,783 297,427 1,986,540 $24.39 32 05 Acid 28 48 Total 161,949 $4,306,750 $26 59 U. S. Bur. Mines, Canvass. Table 42. — Fluorspar Shipped from Mines in the United States, 1941-1942, by Statesi 1941 1942 State Short tons Value Short tons Value Total Av. Total Av. Colorado 15,566 133,333 142,862 19,089 8,9671 748- 104j $ 225,069 3,047,247 2,957,982 355,951 138,533 $14.46 22.85 20.71 18.65 14.11 31,743 161,949 134,133 23,291 r8,020l U,018- [ 48 114J $ 640,938 4,306,750 3,266,257 530,025 153,779 $20.19 Illinois 26.59 Kentucky 24.35 Arizona ^ New Mexico ■ Texas J Nevada 22.76 Utah Washington Tennessee . . . 16.72 320,669 $6,724,782 $20.97 360,316 $8,897,749 $24.69 ^ U. S, Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbooks and Mineral Market Report, M.M.S. 1041. ZINC, LEAD AND SILVER 79 Table 43. — Fluorspar Shipped from Mines in the United States. 1941-1942, BY UsESi 1941 1942 Use Short tons Value Short tons Value Total Av. Total Av. Steel Iron foundry Glass \ Enamel / Hydrofluoric acid Miscellaneous Foreign consumption . . 214,120 2,724 32,051 52,674 6,916 12,184 $4,048,454 53,044 839,547 1,359,623 146,332 277,782 $18.91 19.47 26.19 25.81 21.16\ 22.80/ 225,233 3,408 /20,890 \ 1,923 88,083 20,779 $5,085,037 65,073 576,363 56,723 2,540,766 573,787 $22.58 19.09 27.59 29.50 28.85 27.61 320,669 $6,724,782 $20.97 360,316 $8,897,749 $24.69 ^ U. S. Bureau Mines, Mineral Market Report, M.M.S. 1041. Consumption and stocks of fluorspar in the United States, 1941 and 1942, by industries, is shown in table 44. Table 44. — Fluorspar (Domestic and Foreign) Consumed and in Stock in the United States, 1941-1942, by Industries^ (In short tons) 1941 1942 Industry Consumption Stocks at consumers' plants Dec. 31* Consumption Stocks at consumers' plants Dec. 31 Steel 210,400 2,600 2,500 56,000 27,600 4,500 86,800 1,300 1,000 10,200 / 5,300 \ 2,300 2,000 242,600 3,600 4,200 81,600 18,500 3,100 7,200 63,400 Iron foundry 1,100 Ferroalloy Hydrofluoric acid 1,000 19,000 Glass \ Enamel J Miscellaneous 7,200 1,100 3,200 Total 303,600 108,900 360,800 96,000 ^ U. S. Bureau Mines, Mineral Market Report, M.M.S. 1041. * Revised figures. ZINC, LEAD AND SILVER According to the United States Bureau of Mines, and as shown in table 45, Illinois produced 2,344 tons of recoverable lead in 1942, nearly all from the zinc-lead-fluorspar mine of the Mahoning Mining Company in Hardin County. This mine also produced 9,389 tons of recoverable zinc. Production of zinc, lead, and silver in Illinois for the past three years is shown in table 45. Total value of recoverable metals produced in 1942 was $2,060,000, which was an increase of 23 per cent over that for the previous year. 80 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 ■* 05 3 < $182.00 134.00 0.71 $1,746,354 314,096 74 d o . s <1 9,389 tons 2,344 tons 104 fine ounces i > > $150.00 114.00 0.71 e2 $1,379,700 270,864 14,464 00 m a < 9,198 tons 2,376 tons 20 , 340 fine ounces o in I < $126.00 100.00 0.71 3 e2 $607,068 150,800 3,389 CD el o S < 4,818 tons 1,508 tons 4 , 766 fine ounces 3 c 1 ^ > 0; > 1 g-o; ^ s .a ^ ^ &^ « ft cu bC be •S 2.S 6 a o e T3 GO [-) 73 c o a '^ S 73 ^ C^ 3 D>> OTHER MINERALS 81 OTHER MINERALS Included in this group are several mineral materials produced in Illi- nois by less than three producers for each material, so that details of produc- tion cannot be published without revealing individual operations. These materials are : Ganister, a siliceous material found in Union and Alexander counties, of southern Illinois. Novaculite gravel, a chert gravel resulting from the disintegration of a bedrock chert formation in Alexander and Union counties, and used for road construction. Peat, produced in northern Mason County for mixed fertilizer and other purposes (Illinois ranks first among the states in the production of peat). Pyrites (coal brasses), produced in Henry County from coal-cleaning operations. Sandstone and miscellaneous stone, produced in various parts of the State for riprap and road work, by government-contractor operations. The total amount and value of these mineral materials just described, which were produced in Illinois during the past four years, are given in table 46. The total value for 1942 amounted to $149,737. Table 46. — Other Mineralsi— Sold or Used by Producers in Illinois, 1939-1942.2 Year Amount tons Value 1939 . . . . 278,764 279,724 137,053 57,489 $354,862 1940 242 , 526 1941 171,177 1942 149,737 ^ Minerals included : ganister," novaculite gravel, peat, pyrites, sandstone, miscellaneous stone. 2 Compiled from joint canvass made by U. S. Bur. Mines and Ulinois Geol. Survey. MINERALS PROCESSED, BUT NOT MINED, IN ILLINOIS Included in this group are mineral materials which are processed in Illinois, but are mined in other states. Production of these materials in Illinois during the past three years is given in table 47, as far as the data are available. Coke and hyproducts. — All coke produced in Illinois is made in by- product ovens, most of it from coal mined in the eastern bituminous fields. Coke produced from Illinois coal is not differentiated from the other, so table 47 gives the entire amount of coke made in Illinois. Details of coke manufacture are given in this report in the section on ''Coke and Bypro- ducts" (see pp. 41-43). Packaged fuel. — This material is processed in Illinois from the fines resulting from storage and handling of eastern coal. Details are given in 82 MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1942 ^ 0(N_ i-H(M CO(M (M o II change in value from 194 00 CO 00 T^H t^ o csi CO d a +71 1 CO.-H rH + I+ + + 1 1 1 1—1 + (Ml> lOOiO o > < TtH cq OCOTt^ o i>icq 1 1 (N ^' 05 (N 1 1 1 m r-H(M 00 (M 0(M T:tH ^TjH 00 Tt^ , 1 00 c^ o CO lO O CO 1— 1 lO 00 00 ,-H 05_ 0-HT:t<^ CO t^ CO '^ lo^oo' 00 O l>r !>' to' »oc^'^ 1— 1 1—1 ^ (N CO CSl CO o m m ICO OOO'* o .^^ lOO 00 05 00 5 rn 05 00'* CO 11 o^oT 1 1 Tt ^">o o*"^ 1 1 OiOO 1 t^^ 1 1 coca 00 cq < CO lOf Oi o ooo o o Q > < 00 "^ CO l> TJH o o o cdcq 1 d ooo do d 1 e^ ^CN* io»o lO Oi r-H o O^ COO o o o CO C0 1>0 TfH CO O (M o to lO lO OTtH COI> l>TtH >— 1 t:H^(m"oo' '^^lOOO^Ttn' o'^oo' 00 (ri O i-H 00 lO 100»0-H 1> o 00 CO :3 (M t^CO CO lOOO coo (M 1 o 1—1 > 1 '^ lo" r^ CO co"^^ ^'^co' oo' ' co'^ 05 — 1 CO T— 1 m ? 00 lO Tt^ O O 00 CO ,_( 1> 00 (M iOt^ 0(N (N ^ rr, ooo OTJ^l> rHl> o F^ CO o^co"^ 1 1 00 -—1 CO O (M i-T 1 coc^ 1 1 COt-H 1-H (N 1 CD_^CO ^ (M T— 1 <1 co"^ T)HI> O»OU0 oo o <1 0(N COOr-H oo o CO(m' 1 1 O 00 o CO CO CO 1 1— 1 c^c^ c^ m T— I 1— 1 0i»00 Tt* 1-H lO iO 00 CO Tt^ 1—1 CO (N O CO CO CO cC CO(N o lO OiiOO "*^^^O^tO O i— 1 1— 1 1> l>t^CO ^''cD^oi^ 1>.(N o co'~ r-H t^ to iOCOOOiM 0 CO(M 00 1 00 > OO'' 00 CO Co'^rH (M CC TtH^ T— 1 1— 1 (M l> T— 1 1—1 Oto coco tc OOi-H o ^ Tt^ iO r-H (M to ^ o II oo^^o^ 00 CO CO OOO 00 ■^ CO 1 1 cococc T:tH"l> 1-H 1 ^ »o \ ooo o c 1 9.*^ Ot^ < co^ ^"^ a '^ O) i a o "a .2 "a o *o '« a t3 % . 0. ■^ Xi a 1o ^ gs c *£ v^ (U o > 2t "1 'a c c o: 'a c. CD 2-1 c5 c ec 1 c c^ o 1^ m i§ "^ o % m T ^ 03 -g mk ^ o X3 5^ a tii5 o -1-3 ^1 o f: Jx! ■a 0! s pi =f- CJ rt c ^'^ N .s c^ O. "" T3 rH ^ o ^ bi =1-1 '^ =)-i ;ti o "g o o) So 2 o ft o c o o c i^ a> u c ^ B^ 2 00 t- I T—i 5:; I— I voj 4) 0^ S X3 *" £ S 13 cn o O D OJ a> S ^^=2- •rH ^ ^^ be-? is (- " pa a; -rH o) o CK fa O! <» "3 .^P o ' OTHER MINERALS 83 the section on ''Fnel Briquets and Packaged Fuel" (see pp. 40-41). Data cannot be published on the production of fuel hriquets in Illinois without revealing individual operations. Pig iron. — This basic product in the steel industry is produced in Illi- nois from iron ore mined in the Lake Superior district and shipped in by water. During 1942 there was produced in Illinois 5,872,000 tons of pig iron, valued at the furnaces at $125,662,000. This was an increase of 10 per cent over the previous year and established an all-time high record for the second successive year. This was the result of the great demand for iron and steel for manufacturing war materials. Sulfuric acid. — This material is produced in Illinois as a byproduct of the smelting of zinc ores and is also produced from sulfur at zinc plants. Slab zinc. — This basic product in the zinc industry is produced in Illi- nois from ores mined in Illinois and in other states. See table 45 for details of zinc recovered from Illinois ores. That recovered from out-of- state ores is included in "Miscellaneous Minerals" in table 47 for 1942. Ground feldspar is made in Illinois from crude feldspar which is mined in South Dakota. It is used in the manufacture of whiteware and enamels and for other purposes. Data cannot be published on feldspar grinding in Illinois without revealing individual operations, but are included in "Miscellaneous Minerals". Magnesium compounds are processed in Illinois from out-of-state dolo- mite. Data on these are included in "Miscellaneous Minerals" to avoid revealing individual operations. Mineral pigments are produced in Illinois from crude mineral earth pigments from various sources. Data on these are included in "Miscellane- ous Minerals". Pig lead is made in Illinois by smelting lead ores ; that obtained from ores mined in Illinois is given in table 45. Data on pig lead produced in Illinois from ores mined in other states are not available. Mineral wool is made in Illinois from blast-furnace slag and from natural rock materials. Data on production in Illinois are not available. Expanded vermiculite is produced in Illinois by heat-treating crude vermiculite which is mined in the West. Production figures are not available. Alumina, phosphates, and other processed mineral materials are pro- duced in Illinois in large amounts, but data for them are not available. The total 1942 value of mineral materials which were processed in Illinois but mined in other states, as given in table 47, amounted to $194,187,000. This was an increase of 17 per cent from the previous year. The values of pig lead, mineral wool, expanded vermiculite, alumina, phosphates, and other mineral materials, data for which are not available, would greatly increase the total given in table 47.