LAWRENCE J. GUTTER 
 
 Collection of Chicogoono 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 
 AT CHICAGO 
 
 The University Library
 
 I I
 
 tljotfe Cfjicagoan* to 
 tofjom an ounce of 
 prebention is better tfjan 
 a pounb of proclamation, 
 this little booti ts bebi= 
 cateb bp tfje autfjor. 
 
 COPYRIGHTED 1916 
 BY HENRY BARRETT CHAMBERLIN
 
 Introduction 
 
 IN PENNING these pages of Chicago's modern robber barons of the 
 crime trusts, I confess to a motive beyond and above the making of a 
 few dollars for myself. I would, so it please my readers, ride as a 
 second Paul Revere. I would cry my warning through the midnight 
 streets not midnight as to hour, but in their slumberous unconscious- 
 ness and disregard of the army of crime that even now is planning an 
 assault upon the citadel of law and order. 
 
 "Awake, men of Chicago!" I would cry. "While you sleep, crime 
 works. It is marshalling its regiments for the big battle. It has 
 sworn to retrieve the last three years of loss. You had little, if any, 
 part in inflicting those losses; crime counts upon your continued in- 
 difference for its chance to spring once more into the saddle. Awake ! 
 Awake! Awake! 
 
 It is not unlikely that some of my readers may criticize this small 
 book on the ground that it may become, in effect, a campaign docu- 
 ment for Maclay Hoyne. If such criticism befall I shall not be dis- 
 pleased. For it is near my heart that Hoyne be returned to office. I 
 frankly espouse his cause for I regard him as the best state's attorney 
 Cook County and Chicago ever had. As former editorial head of a 
 Chicago newspaper, and in other capacities, I have had some special 
 opportunities for seeing the inside of his work. It has been good, clear 
 through. He has, in my estimation, done more to intimidate crime 
 than any of his predecessors; has been the first, in fact, to bring the 
 fear of the law home to the chieftains of crime. In addition to his 
 astonishing array of convictions he has so systematized his work that 
 the county jail and the dockets are in a less crowded condition now 
 than at any time in the last twenty-four years. Moreover, though the 
 earnings of the office have exceeded two, three or four times the earn- 
 ings of his immediate predecessors, the receipts from fines, fees and 
 forfeitures have, for the first time in the history of Cook County, been 
 turned over to the county treasurer. Hoyne could have retained these 
 funds but he did not. Hence, in sounding my Paul Revere, I find it
 
 MACLAY HOYNE 
 
 States Attorney foj^the County of Cook 
 Withdrawn 
 
 Biblical Institute 

 
 well within the purport of my message to add this sentence: "The 
 first and best step the people can take in any campaign of prepared- 
 ness against the hosts of crime is to organize for the retention of 
 Maclay Hoyne as state's attorney." 
 
 Modern crime, like modern business, tends toward centralization, 
 organization and commercialization. Ours is a business nation. Our 
 criminals apply business methods. They are the hardest criminals in 
 the world to combat. No longer do we have to deal with the indi- 
 vidual. The men and women of evil have formed trusts. In this 
 book you will find some small account of the men and methods of ten 
 of these outlaw organizations. Since Hoyne came into office he has, 
 among many other activities, uncovered the arson trust and sent its 
 leaders to prison ; exposed the secrets of the seers and routed the 
 clairvoyant trust; annihilated the confidence game and wiretapping 
 trust, and stamped out the pickpocket and horse-stealing trusts. 
 
 Police protection was the one element essential to the existence of 
 organized crime. The collusion between grafting police officials and 
 the various crime trusts was fully exposed by Hoyne and the criminal 
 police officials convicted and sentenced to the penitentiary. This not 
 only destroyed the real cause of organized crime, but relieved the rank 
 and file of the police force, recognized to be honest, from the menace 
 of criminal control, and gave to individual policemen the chance of 
 ,* honest service, free from suspicion of complicity in corruption. 
 
 First among all the public prosecutors of the land, I would place 
 Hoyne, of Cook County. He has conducted more successful prosecu- 
 tions of crime than either former Governor Folk as district attorney 
 of St. Louis or Governor Withman as district attorney of New York. 
 He is honest, fearless and efficient. The forces of evil hate him. 
 For at least a year they have been preparing to drive him out of office 
 when his term is ended. They know that if they can get a weak 
 man in his stead, they will be able to recover all the ground lost by 
 them during his four years in office, and to strengthen and entrench 
 themselves as never before. Hence it is that I am sounding my 
 warning. 
 
 HENRY BARRETT CHAMBERLIN. 
 
 o 
 
 Three
 
 four
 
 CHAPTER I 
 Arson Trust 
 
 In Which the Work of the Fire-Bugs Is Uncovered and Chicago Property 
 
 Owners Saved Millions 
 
 JOSEPH CLARKE, public insurance adjuster, looked appraisingly 
 at the brothers, Paul and Edward Covitz, woolen merchants. He 
 was not in doubt as to the object of their call. Like other adjusters 
 in Chicago's arson trust, Clarke had found it necessary to meet the 
 keen competition by putting on an outside man, a solicitor. This sales- 
 man of fires had reported the Covitzs as bankrupt. 
 
 "So you two want a fire?" asked Clarke. 
 
 The brothers flinched. "Well," said Paul Covitz at length, "we 
 want our place to go." 
 
 Clarke laughed. "That's the regular way of putting it. I never 
 knew one of you fellows yet who could say 'fire.' Either he wants 
 his place to go, or he wants to 'sell out to the insurance company.' " 
 
 The brothers laughed. 
 
 "What kind of a fire do you want?" asked the adjuster. "A still, 
 a blow-out, a closet fire, a flash?" 
 
 The brothers looked puzzled. Clarke began to explain. "A -still," 
 he said, "is a fire that isn't reported often doesn't even happen. 
 Insurance companies frequently settle for fires of that kind." 
 
 "Oh, we want a real fire," interrupted Edward Covitz. "Every- 
 thing to burn everything." 
 
 "Want to get out of your lease?" asked Clarke. "It's necessary to 
 burn the roof off for that. We always make a point of the roof in a 
 lease proposition." 
 
 "It ain't exactly the lease," began Paul. 
 
 "Ah, then woolens are going out of fashion?" smiled the adjuster. 
 "It's always that way when feathers go out, then we have a crop of 
 feather fires, and as for the petticoats when the tight skirts came in, 
 they certainly did go up in smoke. Change of fashion and dull times 
 both hit the insurance companies hard." 
 
 The brothers inquired how a fire could be managed safely. Clarke 
 explained. He was sorry the Covitz place was not heated by a stove; 
 it was always safe to start the blaze where the heater might ' be 
 blamed. He also suggested starting the fire in the store adjoining 
 the Covitz store and letting it burn through, thus avoiding all chance 
 of suspicion. But there was a fire wall. 
 
 "Anyway," he concluded, "leave all that to me. I have the best 
 torch in the business, John Danies. I had an awful fight to get him 
 there's so much competition among adjusters." 
 
 Five
 
 Clarke agreed to manage all the details fix the firm's books, check 
 up the policies, get additional insurance and settle the loss. He 
 explained that his organization included several houses that would 
 send out worthless stocks of goods or false and padded inventories. 
 As to the charge, that would be, for himself, ten per cent of the 
 insurance collected, and another ten per cent for the torch. 
 
 "But how can we get enough insurance to make it pay?" asked 
 Paul Covitz. 
 
 Clarke laughed. "Oh," he said, "the insurance companies will take 
 anything. Why the official records in New York show that a guy 
 recently got $127,000 insurance on a gas range, a cuspidor, two sixteen- 
 cent curtains and a second-hand table all worth $3.44." 
 
 When Danies arrived from New York, Clarke explained to him 
 that the Covitz brothers wanted a nice job nothing to incriminate. 
 The woolen merchants occupied the ground floor at 20 South Fifth 
 Avenue. Danies went over to get the lay of the land. "I'm from the 
 insurance underwriters," he explained to Paul Covitz. 
 
 The Covitz were affable. They said they had heard good reports 
 of Danies' work. They showed him around the place. "Remember," 
 said Edward, "the ceiling must come down. Everything is to be all 
 mixed up." In parting, they gave him the woolen for a suit of clothes 
 it was a shame to burn nice suitings. 
 
 Danies told Clarke he thought a fifty gallon barrel of gasoline 
 would do the trick nicely. Clarke doubled the amount, and suggested 
 that alcohol be added to cover the gasoline fumes. He agreed to pay 
 Danies $700 with $50 more if the blaze was a success. "I will get 
 $2,000 for the job," Clarke explained, "but $300 of it must go to the 
 man who delivers the gas." 
 
 On election day, November 5th, 1912, the Covitz brothers aston- 
 ished Sam Berkowitz, the clerk, and Abe Levinberg, the errand boy, 
 by granting them a holiday. That afternoon a wagon delivered two 
 big boxes at the rear of the Covitz store. James Ryan, caretaker of 
 the building, offered to help unload the boxes but his offer was 
 declined rather brusquely. He noticed that the Covitzs did not roll 
 the boxes over in the usual way, but pushed and dragged them in. 
 
 That evening at 6 o'clock Danies, the torch, inserted a key in the 
 Covitz' door and entered. The brothers were not there so he waited. 
 He wanted them to be in the store when he opened the boxes, so that 
 the noise would not arouse suspicion. Later they came and measured 
 goods in the front room while he got the two barrels of gasoline open. 
 Then Paul and Edward left. "Good luck!" they called back at the 
 door. 
 
 With a bucket the fire-bug dashed the fluid over walls and ceiling 
 and saturated the goods and fixtures. But in his zeal he outdid him- 
 self and, overcome by the gasoline fumes, lay unconscious for several 
 hours. Upon reviving he poured out the second barrel and put on 
 his overcoat. He opened the rear door and got out a match. Danies
 
 took pride in his work. -He had spread newspapers over the floor to 
 prevent the sudden gas flame from scorching the boards. He had 
 intended to cut up some lamp wicks as fuses to explode the gasoline. 
 But his accident had shaken his nerve and he was in a hurry to be 
 gone. With one hand on the door he lighted the match. Instantly 
 there was an explosion and the door was hurled shut. 
 
 Danies tried to pull it open but the gas pressure held it fast. His 
 overcoat was on fire and the flames were reaching his hands and face. 
 He remembered the fate of a Chicago torch who had been burned 
 at his work some months before. Danies had made up his mind to 
 die, but the gas pressure had now become so great that it blew out 
 the front of the building with a force that shattered the windows 
 across the street. Danies was now able to open his door and dashed 
 into the alley. Throwing off his overcoat he ran, beating out the 
 flames on his garments. He was seen from the Illinois Staats-Zeitung. 
 
 For half an hour the fire kept the firemen at a distance. Then it 
 subsided and they were able to investigate. The force of the explosion 
 had aroused suspicion. Danies had overplayed his part. The smell 
 of gasoline was everywhere. A bolt of woolen from the floor, when 
 brought near a lantern, burst into a blue flame it was saturated. The 
 gasoline barrels, moreover, by the mischance that so often overtakes 
 the incendiary, had not been burned, nor had the boxes into which 
 they fitted. The Covitz brothers, who appeared at this time, simulat- 
 ing surprise and consternation, were placed under arrest. 
 
 Three days after the arrest Clarke, the public insurance adjuster 
 and head of the arson syndicate, called up Edward J. Raber, one of 
 Hoyne's assistant state's attorneys, and arranged an interview. A 
 third man, named Nathan, who knew Raber, also confided to him 
 what a rich fellow Clarke was and what a lot of business he could 
 furnish a bright young lawyer. At the first meeting Clarke explained 
 that he was a brother Odd Fellow and Mason and suggested to the 
 assistant state's attorney that it would be an easy matter to have "no 
 bill" voted and the Covitz brothers released. At a third meeting, 
 which actually occurred in Raber's own office in the criminal court 
 building, Clarke offered the attorney $500 and shoved half that amount 
 across the table. Concealed witnesses had seen and heard what was 
 going on and Clarke was arrested. At the trial, which sent all three 
 to Joliet, it developed that the Covitz stock had been insured for five 
 times its value. 
 
 The Covitz fire gave State's Attorney Hoyne the opportunity he 
 wanted. The operations of the arson trust had become so notorious 
 before he came into office that his first official act had been to start a 
 campaign for its punishment. In the ten years between 1897 and 1907 
 the population of the city had increased but twenty-one per cent but 
 the fire losses had increased eighty-four per cent. In the five years 
 following, the business had become even more systematized and by 
 
 Seven
 
 1912 it was admitted on all sides that half the city's annual loss was 
 due to incendiarism. The annual tribute paid to the fire bugs by the 
 honestly insured throughout the country estimated from the total 
 in the United States and Canada for 1911 was figured at $257,000,000. 
 It is the policy holders and not the companies that pay the incendiary's 
 profits. 
 
 Some insurance men denied the existence of an arson trust and 
 laid the excessive fire losses in the United States other cities faced 
 conditions similar to those in Chicago to frame construction. But 
 Norway, Sweden and southern Germany also build wooden houses 
 and their ratio of fires to ours is only one to eight or thirteen. 
 
 Blame for the scandalous condition in this city appeared to lie 
 between the insurance companies and the prosecuting authorities. 
 The companies were issuing policies without inspection, or safeguard, 
 or investigation to find out the character of the person asking insur- 
 ance. Questionable fires were compromised and little effort made to 
 prosecute. Brokers also liked to take rotten risks because their com- 
 missions were so much higher $50 for a safe building and $250 for a 
 fire-trap. Moreover, arson convictions have always been very hard to 
 obtain, as the evidence is usually destroyed. 
 
 In 1912 Chicago had 4,410 fires, seven more than London had had 
 in 1911. Yet the records of the criminal court disclosed that prior 
 to Hoyne's administration there had been practically no prosecutions 
 for arson in Cook County. Investigation of the docket of the criminal 
 court from 1904 to December, 1913, showed for that period 172 indict- 
 ments for this crime, and only three convictions ; and in the case of 
 one of these convictions the defendant defaulted upon a $5,000 bond, 
 which was settled for the sum of $100, leaving the defendant at liberty. 
 Whether Clarke and other arson kings had in any way brought about 
 this showing through bribery of officials, detectives and jurors, does 
 not appear. 
 
 Hoyne set to work to drive the torches out of Chicago. The guilty 
 crowd had fled the city as soon as it learned an investigation was to 
 be made. Search began for Dave Korshak, Jake Schaffner, Abe Rat- 
 ner, Ben Fink, John Danies, Fred Buckmeinster, Felix Melnick, Ben 
 Melnick, the Ross brothers, and a number of important witnesses who 
 had also departed from Chicago. Korshak, Schaffner, Fink and Danies 
 were the "Big Four." Danies and Fink were located and returned to 
 Chicago, and gave information upon which eighty-six indictments were 
 voted against owners of stores who arranged for the arson fires and 
 crooked insurance adjusters. 
 
 After considerable investigation information was obtained that the 
 Melnick brothers were in Toronto, under assumed names, and opera- 
 tives were sent to that point to keep the general delivery constantly 
 under surveillance. After ten days' wait, Ben Melnick was picked up 
 at the general delivery window of the Toronto post office. A search of 
 
 Eight
 
 his effects revealed the place of occupation of his brother, Felix, who 
 was arrested immediately afterwards. Both were tried and sent to the 
 penitentiary. 
 
 Abe Ratner, who had been convicted of arson, and who was out on 
 bond, awaiting a new trial, forfeited his bond, and disappeared. He 
 was finally located on a ranch in Saskatchewan, after a search occupy- 
 ing almost a year, and returned to Chicago. He was later tried and 
 sent to the penitentiary. The Ross brothers were located at Omaha, 
 were arrested, and through some influence succeeded in getting out on 
 bond before requisition papers were received. They jumped their 
 bond. They were afterwards heard of in South Africa, where they 
 probably are at the present time. 
 
 The main search was for Dave Korshak and Jake Schaffner. A 
 woman operative succeeded in obtaining quarters in Schaffner's home, 
 and in four months' time he was located in London. Detectives had 
 previously located Korshak in Shanghai, China, but he moved from 
 there before an arrest could be made. Later it was discovered that he 
 had gone to London, and had joined Schaffner. Somewhat later the 
 two, despairing of eluding longer the Chicago authorities, gave them- 
 selves up. 
 
 As a result of this campaign seventeen men were sentenced to 
 Joliet for terms of from one to twenty years. Honest property owners 
 in Chicago have benefitted very greatly by the breaking up of the 
 trust. Fire losses in Illinois fell $4,000,000 a year and insurance rates 
 in Chicago were very greatly reduced, the premium on some classes of 
 risks being cut 33% per cent. 
 
 CHAPTER II 
 Clairvoyant Trust 
 
 Explains How Widow McEldowney and Many Others Were Victimized, and 
 How the Seers Were Brought to Book 
 
 MRS. HOPE L. McELDOWNEY, widow, of West Salem, Wis., 
 paused before the door of Prof. Charles T. Crane's clairvoyant 
 suite at 204 North State Street, glanced at the advertisement 
 which she had clipped from her paper that morning in one of 
 the loop hotels, and entered. Mrs. McEldowney had been left a goodly 
 sum of money by the late Mr. McEldowney and wanted to place it ?o 
 that it would bring in an income more in keeping with her ideals. 
 Country bankers were so slow. 
 
 Within, Prof. Crane's parlors quite lived up to her expectations. 
 The air was heavy with some Oriental perfume. There were rich 
 Turkish rugs and hangings and the subdued light gave one an awsome, 
 "churchy" feeling. A negro attendant bowed the widow to one of the 
 big soft chairs and told her she must wait her turn, but that it would 
 not be long. There were other women present well-dressed, pleasant- 
 
 Nine
 
 appearing women. They were talking among themselves. From 
 their conversation Mrs. McEldowney learned they were all widows, 
 too, and all worried as to what to do with their estates. They told one 
 another and Mrs. McEldowney quite frankly about things. Several 
 introduced themselves and Mrs. McEldowney could do no less. Soon 
 she was exchanging confidences. 
 
 One by one the widows were allowed to enter into the presence. 
 Prof. Crane was in the holy of holies, far away behind tapestried hang- 
 ings. Presently a ceremonious gentleman, a touch of the mystic in his 
 face and manner, came to Mrs. McEldowney and assured her that she 
 would not be kept waiting long. 
 
 "It is customary." he explained, "for anyone who comes here for 
 the first time to consult the spirit world, to write upon a sheet of paper 
 her name and address and those questions which she desires to ask 
 the dear departed." He gave the widow several sheets of paper and 
 asked her to write while he stepped from the room for a moment, 
 and fold the paper so that he could not see what was thereon. 
 
 Upon his return he took the paper, folded as it was, and held it 
 against his forehead. His eyes closed and he seemed as one in a 
 trance. His disengaged hand rose with solemn gesture and he made 
 a slow and profound obesiance. Then his eyes opened again, he 
 smiled pleasantly at the widow and said : "I suppose you don't care 
 for this memorandum any further?" Mrs. McEldowney did not, of 
 course, and the gentleman tore the folded paper into several pieces 
 and threw them into the open grate where they were consumed. Mrs. 
 McEldowney sat for a few moments longer. Then she was summoned 
 into the presence. 
 
 To her astonishment Prof. Crane, rousing from his trance, greeted 
 her by name, told her at once to be at ease concerning her son, and 
 warned her not to make her contemplated visit to California as 
 calamity was sure to befall her there. These were questions she had 
 written on the paper. Wonderful ! she thought. 
 
 Prof. Crane perceived at once that some evil influence hung over 
 Mrs. McEldowney and that she would be a happy and exceedingly 
 prosperous woman, if this influence could be removed. He promised 
 to interest the spirits in the matter, accepted the twenty dollars, and 
 requested the widow to return in two days. 
 
 Upon her return Prof. Crane saw at once that the widow's aura 
 had changed completely. He assured her that everything would be 
 for the best and that she need worry no further if she had only some- 
 one she could consult about her financial affairs. Several days later, 
 when she came again, the professor had had a consultation with his 
 father and an uncle who were both on the board of trade and had been 
 moved to offer their expert assistance. Mrs. McEldowney handed over 
 $500 and received a note for it, the professor being punctilious in the 
 extreme about these matters. 
 
 Ten
 
 Eleven
 
 Ten days after her investment the widow received $121 interest 
 on her $500. Prof. Crane explained that it was a very conservative 
 proposition, bonds that were exceptionally safe and at the same time 
 more profitable than any other investment. The professor admitted 
 that James J. Hill was a friend of the family and had made some sug- 
 gestions. Mrs. McEldowney at once ordered her Wisconsin bankers 
 to turn her farm mortgages into cash. She handed Prof. Crane a draft 
 for $2,500 and later on another for $12,500, making $15,500 in all. 
 
 The widow proved to be exceptionally favored by the spirit world. 
 Not only did she receive dividends but even the great professor came 
 down to a mere human plane of existence and took her out to cafes 
 and theaters and was very attentive until her money ran out. 
 
 Finding the studio door closed to her then, the widow at last real- 
 ized that she had been swindled. She laid the case before the detective 
 bureau and was very courteously asked to wait while an investigation 
 was being made. She waited waited for weeks. But, no matter how 
 often she went back to the bureau, nothing ever seemed to have been 
 
 discovered as to Prof. Crane and her thousands. 
 ****** 
 
 Now this is the other side of the story as finally ascertained by 
 State's Attorney Hoyne : 
 
 In the summer of 1911, Christian P. Bertsche, better known as 
 "Barney" Bertsche, who had a saloon at 207 W'est Randolph Street, 
 and was the most eminent middle man in the business of Chicago 
 crime, representing the thieves, thugs and confidence artists on one 
 hand, and crooked officers of the detective bureau on the other, 
 arranged with his police friends for the operation of certain swindlers 
 who were to work as seers and clairvoyants. 
 
 Bertsche first granted a clairvoyant concession to Harry Waite to 
 operate at 1128 Michigan Avenue under the alias of David K. Ross. 
 In November Frank Ryan, a clairvoyant of some seventeen years' 
 experience, finding his criminal record a handicap in New York and 
 Boston, came to Chicago and joined with Waite, both appearing as 
 Prof. Ross. They paid Bertsche $400 a month for the privilege of 
 swindling the people without molestation. 
 
 Business was so good that Bertsche now put a fellow named Wagg 
 into business at 1710 Michigan Avenue. Frank Ryan was making so 
 much money that in May, 1912, he opened a new place at 1316 Michi- 
 gan Avenue and operated as Prof. Robert L. Milton. Another clair- 
 voyant, "Doc" Russell, opened up at 1128 Michigan Avenue, as Prof. 
 W. H. Stone and contributed some $400 a month to the Bertsche 
 income. In the summer of 1912 James Ryan, a brother of Frank's, 
 came to town to share in the good work, and opened a handsome suite 
 at 204 North State Street, to which his advertisement later brought the 
 Widow McEldowney. All of them advertised extensively and all 
 of them paid handsomely to "Barney" for the monopoly he was able 
 to afford them. 
 
 Twelve
 
 In the early part of 1913, when Hoyne was just getting his hands 
 adjusted to the machinery of the great prosecuting office, Bertsche was 
 enjoying a gross income of some $1,200 a month from his clairvoyants. 
 These in turn were each dealing with from sixty to seventy victims a 
 day. Frank Ryan, as Prof. Ross, in a year and a half of operation 
 cleaned up about $80,000. Jimmy Ryan, as Prof. Crane, collected 
 $60,000 in seven busy months. 
 
 In the advertisements, palm and astrological readings were quoted 
 at only fifty cents or a dollar. But few victims ever got out so cheaply. 
 The system was to ascertain how much money the prospect had, and 
 then get it. Most of the customers were women ; widows, middle 
 aged and plump hence "thirty-eights." They usually wanted to get 
 in touch with deceased husbands to find out what these would advise 
 as to investments. 
 
 When Mrs. McEldowney and all the other victims entered Prof. 
 Crane's parlors, the widows she found there were not rf ally widows. 
 They were employes there for the purpose of finding out her name, 
 address, what she wanted to know, and everything else about her. 
 They talked freely of their own lives and the victim would naturally 
 be led to talk of hers. If she did not confide freely enough an assistant 
 would try her with the paper trick. For the paper she gave him, with 
 the questions written on it, he would substitute a blank fold of paper 
 and throw this into the fire. Prof. Crane and "Doc" Russell also used 
 dictographs. If the prospect did not betray herself through any of 
 these means she would find the professor so intranced in a trance that 
 he could do little if anything for her that day. Upon her departure 
 she was followed and her neighbors pumped. Upon the second visit 
 all would be as clear as crystal. 
 
 After the "thirty-eight" had been caught, it was usual to get her to 
 invest her funds in copper mining stock. Each of the astrologers kept 
 a fine assortment of certificates. Mrs. McEldowney was the "big 
 thirty-eight," but there were many others. Mrs. Mary Rapp, of Naper- 
 ville, 111., invested $11,000 in these fake certificates, Frank Crane being 
 her swindler. These were perhaps the largest individual sums but it 
 was no uncommon thing to take a thousand or two from some woman 
 who depended on her income for a living. 
 
 Early in 1913 the clairvoyants took fright, learning that Hoyne 
 was after them, and fled the city. In the search that followed Willie 
 Neff, alias Prof. Salisbury, was the first arrested. His parents had a 
 rooming house on Michigan Avenue and a detective installed there as 
 a lodger was able to find out that Willie was returning to the city 
 for a visit. The house was surrounded and the clairvoyant captured. 
 By searching Neff's effects the trust's code book was found. The 
 Ryans were traced to Kansas City by their baggage. They escaped 
 there and James Ryan's baggage was followed to Lusk, Wyoming. 
 Frank Crane, it was finally discovered through a telephone call, had 
 moved from his hotel to a certain house. He was followed but again 
 
 Thirteen
 
 escaped. Jesse Gillage, colored doorkeeper for Frank Ryan, and one 
 of the smartest of the gang, also escaped from the house where he had 
 been located in Kansas City. He was followed to Omaha, to Syracuse, 
 to York, Pa., to New York City, to a farm in Vermont, to Pittsburgh 
 and finally to Cleveland, where he was arrested. 
 
 NefF, who had promised to help locate the gang, had been permitted 
 out in Chicago on bond, but disappeared. He was located, however, in 
 San Francisco and brought back to Chicago. The clairvoyants were 
 now all under cover. By watching the advertisements in all the news- 
 papers of the country,- however, Hoyne finally detected a familiar 
 wording in an advertisement appearing in Columbus, This "store" 
 was found to be in operation by a minor member of the gang and he 
 was not molested. Finally old "Doc" Russell showed up and was 
 promptly arrested. This was in October, 1913. He made a confession. 
 Professor Wagg was arrested in Montreal in August, 1913. He 
 got out on bail, ran away and was re-arrested in Boston. After this 
 Harry Waite, the first member of the syndicate to operate in Chicago, 
 was arrested in St. Louis. He was decoyed into the Western Union 
 Building by a fake telegram and surrendered only after a desperate 
 fight. Frank Crane was finally arrested in Detroit in November, 1913. 
 This accounts for all the gang but the man who had given them 
 permission to operate "Barney" Bertsche. With Bertsche it was, to a 
 certain extent, a case of too much money. The thing that placed him 
 entirely within the hands of Hoyne was Mrs. McEldowney's bank draft 
 for $12,500. Now, you will understand, even the most proficient of 
 swindlers dislikes to cash so large a draft. There may be embarrassing 
 complications. Jimmy Ryan, alias Prof. Crane, endorsed the draft to a 
 fictitious B. P. Christy. "Barney" Bertsche impersonated this indi- 
 vidual and had a friend introduce him as such at the Union Trust 
 Company. "I've had trouble with my wife," he explained, "and don't 
 want her to know of this deposit." He put in some of his own cash 
 with the draft. A few days later he drew out the entire amount. This 
 transaction, following the arrest of the clairvoyants, sent "Barney" 
 Bertsche to Joliet, together with all the other men mentioned except 
 Frank Ryan, who was mortally ill at the time of his arrest. 
 
 As an epitaph to the career of "Barney" Bertsche, the Chicago 
 Journal said at the time of his conviction : 
 
 "State's Attorney Hoyne deserves a vote of thanks for convicting 
 'Barney' Bertsche and 'Prof.' Charles T. Crane. 
 
 "It was no light task to bring these scamps to justice. Among 
 the retail rascals of Chicago, Bertsche and Crane rank high. Crane 
 is head of the so-called 'clairvoyant trust' and 'Barney' Bertsche 
 doubtless has more pull and influence than any other citizen of the 
 underworld in Chicago. 
 
 "He was believed to be official fixer for practically all the pick- 
 pockets and jack-rollers operating in the city. The 'mob' that wanted 
 
 Fourteen
 
 to do business in Chicago had to 'split' with Barney, or its career 
 was short and full of policemen's clubs. 
 
 "Mr. Hoyne deserves much credit for starting these evil creatures 
 on their way to the penitentiary." 
 
 \Ye have now accounted for all the members of the clairvoyant 
 trust except its most important members the grafting detectives. 
 
 CHAPTER III 
 Wiretapper's Trust 
 
 In Which the Great John Henry Strosnider is put Behino the Bars 
 
 READERS, meet Mr. John Henry (Big Jack) Strosnider. now 
 of Joliet, but one time king of the wiretappers and confidence 
 men. You will find him a most interesting character. For 
 twenty years, assisted by Joseph ("Yellow Kid") Weil and others, 
 he operated in Chicago in full fellowship (partnership would be a better 
 word) with those members of the detective bureau who should have been 
 his enemies. So surprising was his conviction that it caused general 
 newspaper comment. 
 
 "The full meaning of this," said the Chicago Tribune, "is that 
 'Big Jack' Strosnider, surpassing in ingenuity all the confidence men, 
 thieves, swindlers and jail evaders the century has known, has been 
 turned down by trie United States Supreme Court. State's Attorney 
 Hoyne thus becomes the first to put behind the prison walls this 
 prince of skulduddery since President McKinley pardoned him." 
 
 "It was the first time in his twenty years of operating as a wire- 
 tapper, fake fight promoter and seller of spurious stock and bonds," 
 adds the Examiner, "that Strosnider ever slept in the penitentiary. 
 State's Attorney Hoyne put him there." 
 
 The pardon by President McKinley was granted in December, 
 1898. Strosnider had served eighteen months of a five-year sentence, 
 the only punishment he ever suffered. Strosnider's wife, with a baby 
 in her arms, went to the White House and wept on the president's 
 knee. The pardon resulted. 
 
 At the time of Strosnider's trial indictments were returned against 
 seven other leaders of the swindlers' trust, these including Joseph 
 Weil, alias the "Yellow Kid," Patrick Kane, John D. Snarley, Clarence 
 Forbes, George Wakefield, Edward Burns and Thomas O'Byrne. 
 The gang was broken up. 
 
 Perhaps the best remembered exploit of Strosnider was the swin- 
 dling of Dr. William T. Kirby out of $20,000. This loss caused the 
 failure of the Kirby private bank. This transaction brings us back 
 to old friends, for Strosnider could not have operated so successfully 
 had he not been a partner of "Barney" Bertsche. Frank Ryan also 
 found time from the clairvoyant game, to assist in the Kirby swindle. 
 
 Fifteen
 
 Indeed the affair was pulled off in the quarters at 1710 Michigan 
 Avenue, occupied by Prof. Salisbury, one of the clairvoyant trust. 
 The Kirby swindle happened in the fall of 1912 and is typical of 
 Strosnider's work. 
 
 One day in July a stranger entered Kirby's bank and began an 
 acquaintance with the old banker by asking him concerning a building 
 across the street. Later this individual known to Kirby as Charles 
 Kissell met Kirby at various public places and the acquaintance 
 grew. On October 28, "Kissell" came into the bank and said a 
 brother-in-law of his had come to town and that he, "Kissell," wanted 
 Kirby to\ talk over a business matter with the relative. The brother- 
 in-law, of course, was Strosnider. He was using the name of Shea. 
 
 Kirby and "Kissell" met Strosnider, who told Kirby that he was 
 a confidential man in the employ of the Western Union Telegraph 
 Company ; that he had been working in Pitttsburgh, but had been 
 transferred to Chicago for ten days ; that the telegraph company had 
 devised a cipher code for transmitting and receiving results of horse 
 races from the various race-tracks of the country, and that his duty 
 while in Chicago would be to receive such messages, decipher them 
 and. transmit them to the various pool rooms in the city of Chicago; 
 that it was within his power to withhold a message for a reasonable 
 length of time after receiving it, and that if Kirby would station him- 
 self at some place convenient to a pool room he would telephone him 
 the results of horse races before sending them to that pool room, and 
 Kirby would thereby be enabled to bet on the horse that had won 
 the race. 
 
 Strosnider gave Kirby a list of six alleged pool rooms and then 
 went back to work. Kirby and "Kissell" tried the first pool room, but 
 could not gain admittance. At the second a man on the stairs said 
 there was nothing doing, but directed them to 1710 Michigan Avenue 
 and wrote them a pass. The pair entered a drug store next the sup- 
 posed pool room and got into touch with Strosnider through Kirby's 
 bank. Strosnider gave Kirby the name of the winner, and the two 
 hurried into 1710 Michigan Avenue, where they were admitted by 
 the same man who had directed them to the place. "Kissell" had 
 suggested that as it was the first day it might be wise only to place 
 a small bet. So they put in only $10. "O'Brien," the man in charge, 
 explained to them that he would take their little bet for once, but 
 that this was a place for big play, where gentlemen of means bet all 
 the way from $10,000 to $50,000 on a race. Kirby apologized and said 
 he and his friend would try to come up to class on the following day. 
 
 While Kirby was placing his $10 bet a person addressed as Judge 
 Mahoney was informed that he now owed the house $4,000. The 
 judge said he would send a check in the morning, and ordered his car. 
 Kirby heard a telegraph instrument in another room click, and then 
 a voice announced that the race was closed. A moment later the 
 
 Sixteen
 
 result was made known and Kirby and his friend received $20 for 
 their $10. 
 
 Later the pair met Strosnider at the Blackstone, and Kirby, at 
 their solicitation, agreed to bring $20,000 the following day. Stro- 
 snider made a point of its being in $1,000 bills or smaller denomina- 
 tions. According to the plan, Kirby and "Kissell" stationed them- 
 selves in a cigar store and Kirby was informed by Strosnider over the 
 phone that Lucky George had won the race. They went into the pool 
 room, "O'Brien" took the money, the hidden telegraph instrument 
 clicked, the voice recounted the race in detail and finally announced 
 the winner. Lucky George had come in only second. 
 
 At St. Hubert's Inn the pair met Strosnider. The swindler insisted 
 he had told Kirby to bet on Lucky George, not as winner, but for 
 place. "Anyway," he said, "don't worry. A friend in Milwaukee is 
 going to send me $100,000 tomorrow and I'll give you back the $20,000 
 and we'll operate with the rest." 
 
 That was the last Kirby saw of Strosnider until after the arrest 
 
 of the wire tapper. 
 
 * * * * * * 
 
 Strosnider knew how to run a "pay-off joint" to perfection. 
 Steerers for this swindle hang around the leading hotels and get 
 acquainted with cattlemen and others who possess a combinaion of 
 money and innocence. The steerer, having got acquainted with the 
 Iowa farmer, leads him out to the vicinity of the pay-off joint. Sud- 
 denly the stranger says to the farmer : "You see that man across the 
 street? I think that is Col. Gates, the man who won $100,000 on a 
 horse race last week in St. Louis." He walks over to the man and 
 says, "Aren't you Col. Gates?" The man modestly admits he is the 
 colonel and that he is the individual who made the big killing at St. 
 Louis. The stranger then says, "Can't you let me and my friend 
 in on something good?" Whereupon the colonel says: "Yes, there 
 is a place over here where there is a little betting going on. We 
 might go over." 
 
 At the joint Col. Gates wins two or three small wagers. Then he 
 stakes $20,000 and promises to give the farmer one-third of the win- 
 nings. He puts up his check and the horse wins. "Go and collect 
 our money," he says to the farmer. But the cashier declines to pay 
 because the check might not have been good. There is a consultation 
 and each agrees to bring what money he can get, so that the winnings 
 can be paid out. The farmer packs back to Iowa and gets $5,000 or 
 $10,000. Upon the return they all three go to the joint and turn in the 
 money. Then the steerer and the colonel get into a fight over a 
 division of profits, the colonel is knocked down and bites a capsule 
 of red stain which he has in his mouth. The "blood" oozes between 
 his lips and someone says, "My God, boys, he's dead !" The steerer 
 grabs the farmer by the arm. "Come on out," he whispers; "the 
 
 Seventeen
 
 police will be here in a minute and we shall be arrested for murder. 
 We can come back for the money tomorrow." The farmer is hustled 
 out of the pay-off joint, out of the city and the state, and made to 
 believe that he must lay low or the police, who are looking for the 
 murderer, will 'get him. When he realizes he has been swindled he 
 often refuses to prosecute. 
 
 This game was worked hundreds of times in Chicago in the old 
 days, but has ceased to make history since Hoyne sent the trust to the 
 penitentiary. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 Pickpocket Trust 
 
 In Which Eddie, the Immune, Pays a Belated Visit to Joliet 
 
 THIS trust throve under police protection for years, until the busi- 
 ness came to be looked upon as one of the necessary evils of 
 life in a large city. Eddie Jackson was the king of the pick- 
 pockets. He operated for many years, principally in Chicago, and it 
 was currently said that he and his gang had filched from the pockets 
 of our people more than a million dollars. 
 
 Though often caught by his victims and turned over to the detectives, 
 he always escaped with a fine or a jail sentence, and at the time of 
 Hoyne's election as state's attorney was known to the country as "Eddie 
 the Immune." Hoyne broke his immunity early 'in his administration 
 by three felony convictions in succession, under which "Eddie the 
 Immune" was sent to Joliet, where he is now living. 
 
 The situation as it existed is well told in an interview given by 
 "Eddie the Immune" to a Chicago Examiner reporter, printed on the 
 25th of October, 1914: 
 
 "I paid protection myself for fourteen years. How much it aggre- 
 gated I don't know, but in percentages it took half of all I ever got to 
 keep me squared with the police, to hire lawyers to defend me when I 
 had to stand for an arrest to make things look good, and to stay friendly 
 with the petty politicians who boss the police department from the green- 
 est 'harness bull' up. 
 
 "In the old days, when the 'picking was good/ I used to take 
 care of the strange pickpockets when they came into town. The cop- 
 pers would arrest them and rearrest them until they saw the great light 
 and came into the ring. Then I would steer them into 'right'. territory, 
 where the presiding police could look on without becoming too interested. 
 
 "And from these newcomers and the old-timers, too, I used to col- 
 lect the 'protection' money. In the * * * days I used to take a 
 weekly roll to the old Bertsche saloon. Sometimes it ran so high as 
 $5.000 a week. After Bertsche was closed up there were four other 
 places where the money went. * * * 
 
 Eighteen
 
 "Barney" (Christian P.) Bertsche, who guaranteed immunity from arrest to clair- 
 voyants, wiretappers, pickpockets, gunmen and other criminals, at so much ppr 
 month. As their representative he paid thousands of dollars to the graft syndi- 
 cate in the detective bureau. 
 
 Nineteen
 
 "There has always been a system of police graft and criminal pro- 
 tection in Chicago. As long as politicians are allowed to force the 
 policemen who would be honest to go to 'the woods' for interfering 
 with criminals who stand in favor with the politicians that system will 
 continue. When some system is devised to protect the policeman 
 who is essentially honest, graft will cease." 
 
 The offenses that sent Eddie over the road were committed in April, 
 1913. On the 15th, with the aid of Harry Britton, he picked the pocket 
 of John A. Putz on an Ogden Avenue car, and got $16. On the 23rd, 
 he, with Frank O'Neill and J. Hannon, took $100 from the pocket of 
 John McArty on a Madison Street car. Eddie was caught in the act 
 and his protection failed him at last. 
 
 So well were the pickpockets organized that those belonging to the 
 trust carried what might be described as union cards to distinguish 
 them from outside workers who were subject to arrest. These cards 
 had a double perforation that was meaningless to the unitiated but 
 very important to the pickpockets themselves and to the crooked 
 detectives. 
 
 The thieves also maintained a clearing house for stolen pocketbooks. 
 The thief had to turn his plunder over to the heads of the trust, who 
 held the purse for a certain number of days to see whether it had 
 belonged to anyone whose "rap" had to be considered. If the bereaved 
 individual proved to be one who could make trouble, the pocketbook 
 and its contents were returned. Otherwise, the ordinary citizen who 
 complained got no redress. 
 
 The existence of this clearing house was proved when, in the sum- 
 mer of 1914, some misguieded thief filched the purse of Judge Rufus 
 Robinson. The judge had come up from down-state to do relief work 
 in the municipal court. The wallet had contained $300 in cash and 
 securities. The irate judge announced to a cetrain police officer in his 
 court room that the property would have to be returned at once or 
 there would be excitement enough for all. ^Jext day the purse came 
 back by mail. 
 
 The pickpocket who did any particular job only received about 
 twenty per cent of the profits. The rest was retained by his superiors 
 to pay protection and attorney's fees and other expenses. 
 
 It is an amusing bit of political information to know that, were 
 Roosevelt, Bryan and Taft to be candidates again, the Colonel would 
 get the unanimous vote of the pickpockets. During the presidential 
 tour the thieves followed the candidates about the country, falling 
 into line with those who meant to shake the big men by the hand. 
 So often were they in line that Taft and Bryan got to know them 
 and would point them out to the local officers as pickpockets. Roose- 
 velt, for some reason or other, did not do this at least the thieves 
 so say. 
 
 In the city districts commanded by crooked captains the pick- 
 
 Twenty
 
 pockets' hangout was usually a saloon owned or operated by a friend 
 or relative of the police official. A share of the loot was turned in by 
 the thief to the saloonkeeper. The pickpocket also regarded it as 
 policy to spend much of his profits over the official bar. Sometimes 
 a detective went along with the crook so that if there was an outcry 
 he might be arrested by a friend, and not by a strange officer. After 
 the friendly copper had taken his prisoner a block or two away, they 
 would have a drink and part to resume operations. When there had been 
 too much hubbub for this sort of thing, the prisoner was held, and 
 the complaining witness bought off or tired out by unending delays. 
 The grafting officer also got his percentage from the professional bonds- 
 man who bails out the thief. 
 
 For the information of the reader it may be repeated here that 
 the authorities regard with suspicion the individual at summer 
 amusement parks who offers to weigh you free if he fails to guess 
 your heft. This man, in patting your person over to find out 
 how much fat you have concealed in your clothes, also finds out 
 if he so chooses where your pocketbook is. If he is one of a gang 
 of crooks he indicates where the plunder lies by placing his hand 
 on one of his own pockets. You are followed until the opportunity 
 comes. 
 
 CHAPTER V 
 Burglary Trust 
 
 Explaining How Business Methods May Be Applied to House Breaking 
 The Trust Sent to Prison 
 
 THE burglary trust was at its prime. Whole stocks of goods 
 were being removed from Chicago stores. Along with the mer- 
 chandise often would go the fireproof safe. Later, perhaps, it 
 would be found, blown open, in some building rented for the purpose 
 by the outlaws. It seemed impossible to identify the burglars. Very 
 occasionally a man would be brought in whom everyone believed 
 to be one of the trust. But for some reason the state's witnesses 
 always fell down in some detail or other and spoiled the case. Mat- 
 ters had been going on thus for five or six years, and getting worse. 
 There seemed no limit to the boldness of the robbers. 
 
 These organized burglars did not bother with residential work. 
 They were business men and could not afford to fritter away their 
 time in mere adventure. All their energy was given to the method- 
 ical breaking and entering of dry-goods stores and other commercial 
 establishments. Now and then they raided a freight car in the 
 yards, when it was known to contain something worth while. Their 
 Joot often ran as much as $10,000 a night. Doing two or three jobs 
 
 Tivcnty-one
 
 a week, some of these men had accumulated unto themselves very 
 considerable fortunes. 
 
 "There are just two things that we have to find out," said State's 
 Attorney Hoyne. "One is, how do the burglars get their plunder 
 to the receivers of stolen goods? The other is, why do the police 
 always fail to make a case when they have their man in court? 
 When we know those two things we know all." 
 
 The first problem, proved most difficult of solution. But the 
 state's attorney's operatives finally uncovered the ingenious scheme. 
 The burglars would put their stolen dry goods into trunks or boxes 
 of the kind that would pass for personal baggage. They would then 
 cart them to a railway station and get a receipt for them. This 
 receipt would be turned over to the receivers of stolen goods. The 
 receivers would then buy a railway ticket on some other road and 
 check the goods as baggage. The transfer wagon would get the 
 trunks or boxes and they would come into possession of the receiver 
 of stolen goods or his agents without his ever having been near 
 them. A more effective means of protecting the dealers could hardly 
 have been devised. 
 
 The second problem at first seemed even more mystifying. But 
 at last it was demonstrated that the trust burglars included in their 
 organization several important officials of the police department. 
 When a gangster was arrested, either by design to divert suspicion, 
 or by an honest policeman, his police protector would appear as the 
 officer in charge of the case for the people, and he would make it his 
 business to have the gangster discharged at the preliminary hearing^ 
 if possible, or before the grand jury, if possible, or with a misde- 
 meanor conviction before the court, if nothing better could be 
 obtained. 
 
 If none of these things could be accomplished, and the criminal 
 had to face a jury on a felony charge, then this detective in charge 
 would manage to say something, as a witness for the people, suf- 
 ficiently in favor of the accused to create a reasonable doubt, and 
 bring about his acquittal. Hoyne discovered this trick of the officer 
 in charge, and secured his first conviction against the burglary trust 
 without the aid of the officer's testimony. When this convicted 
 gangster had spent five months in Joliet, and had realized that "pro- 
 tection" was not being made good to him, he requested an interview 
 with Hoyne and told the shocking story. 
 
 Captain James O'Dea Storen and Sergeant Michael Weisbaum 
 proved to be the foremost members of the burglary trust. The 
 burglaries were committed by Nathan Steinberg, Morris Mendelsohn, 
 'Isidore Wexler, Sam Smith, Jack Schnieder, Harry Green, and Morris 
 Dressier. The principal receivers were Barney Melnich, Israel Ticot- 
 sky and Max (Cockeye) Goldstein. 
 
 The workings of this crime syndicate became public at the trial.
 
 An amusing feature was the attempt made by Captain Storen and 
 Sergeant Weisbaum to divert suspicion from themselves. The bur- 
 glars took $4,000 'worth of woolens from Schartz Brothers and left 
 them in a bakery wagon so that the two police officials could pounce 
 upon the plunder, get a nice newspaper mention and claim the $500 
 reward. The money was later divided with the burglars. 
 
 At another time, when Wexler and Steinberg had ransacked a 
 store, Wexler accidentally left his coat behind. In one of its pockets 
 was his parole card. Promptly, Storen and Weisbaum came into 
 court to the rescue. The sergeant proved to the satisfaction of Every- 
 one that Wexler had lost his parole card some months before, and the 
 captain testified that the coat in which it was found was not Wexler's 
 and did not fit him. This assistance cost the two burglars $200 in 
 fees to their police protectors. 
 
 Of the receivers of stolen goods, Melnich and Goldsmith had been 
 in business for twenty years and had never been convicted. As a 
 result of Hoyne's crusade, Captain Storen and Sergeant Weisbaum, 
 Isadore Wexler, Nathan Steinberg, Morris Mendelson, Harry Green, 
 Sam Smith and Barney Melnich were convicted. Isador Ticotsky 
 got off with a year'in the bridewell. The trust will not resume opera- 
 tions for several years if Hoyne is re-elected. 
 
 CHAPTER VI 
 Detective Bureau Criminals 
 
 In Which, at Last, We Reach the Men Higher Up 
 
 LINK by link Hoyne's chain of investigation and prosecution led 
 him ifearer and nearer to the real cause of organized and pro- 
 tected crime. To have been content with the conviction of 
 the heads of the various criminal trusts, without the annihilation ot 
 the power on which they depended for their existence and success, 
 would have resulted only in a change in the leadership of the syndi- 
 cates the pickpocket trust, the arson trust, the burglary trust, the 
 wiretapper-confidence game trust, and the clairvoyant trust. All the 
 criminal combinations required the connivance of the dishonest poli- 
 tician and police official for their success. To rid Chicago of this 
 contemptible collusion would break down the system of organized 
 crime. This Hoyne realized, and followed the trail into the city's 
 detective bureau, in search of no individual, but determined to prose- 
 cute without fear or favor any police official whom he found to be 
 a traitor to his public trust. 
 
 In November, 1913, with the heads of the clairvoyant trust, Hoyne 
 convicted "Barney" Bertsche, the go-between. It was through 
 Bertsche that all these combinations were permitted to operate, not 
 
 Twenty-three
 
 only unmolested, but actually protected. "If anybody could startle 
 Chicago, it was this strange toad from the swamps of crime, with 
 his prison record, his political pull, his desperate temper, and his fol- 
 lowing,'' said a leading Chicago paper in editorial comment. 
 
 On November 17, 1914, the supreme court of Illinois upheld the 
 conviction of Bertsche, who was out on bond. The criminal detect- 
 ives knew what this meant "Barney" believed he had been double- 
 crossed and would try to get even. Representatives of the "law" 
 were sent to take him to Joliet, but on the way on Randolph Street, 
 in midafternoon tried to murder him. In the gun battle that fol- 
 lowed, Bertsche, unfortunately for the grafters in the detective 
 bureau, was only wounded and recovered to tell his story. It was 
 the New York Rosenthal-Becker case all over again, but with a 
 different ending. 
 
 On December 2, 1914, the state's attorney made his famous dec- 
 laration that the detective bureau was a den of thieves. Mayor 
 Thompson was quoted in the Chicago Tribune later as saying: 
 
 "The police department stinks. The police department is honey- 
 combed with grafters, who are collecting money all over the city. I 
 am told there are men in the detective bureau who know every pick- 
 pocket, safeblower and that class of criminals in the city." 
 
 Within three days after Hoyne's statement Captain John J. Hal- 
 pin, head of the bureau : Lieutenant John H. Tobin and Sergeant 
 William Egan were indicted by the grand jury on various charges of 
 conspiracy and accepting bribes. Later, Captain James O'Dea Storen, 
 Walter O'Brien, Michael Weisbaum and other members of the police 
 force also were indicted. What Hoyne accomplished is better told 
 by the following summary: 
 
 Guilty Captain John J. Halpin, Captain James O'Dea Storen, 
 Sergeant William Egan, Sergeant Walter O'Brien, Sergeant Michael 
 Weisbaum. 
 
 Awaiting trial Lieutenant John H. Tobin. 
 
 Suspended from police department Sergeant John J. O'Keefe, 
 Sergeant James Monaghan. 
 
 Resigned after filing of charges Sergeant John J. Dempsey, Ser- 
 geant William Carmody. 
 
 Not guilty Frederick Roth (who is now awaiting trial on a 
 charge of subornation of perjury in the case in which he was 
 acquitted). 
 
 There is not an honest policeman or a public-spirited citizen in 
 Chicago who will not rejoice that the crooked element of the police 
 department is being driven from the force. It is up to the voters to 
 see that the crime syndicates do not succeed in their plan of getting 
 back through the coming election. 
 
 We will now take another glance into the workings of the clair- 
 voyant trust to see how valuable police friendship and assistance 
 
 Twenty-four
 
 1. Captain John J. Halpin, head of the Detective Bureau, sentenced to 
 Joliet for being the protector for a monthly 1 fee of "Barney" Bertsche and 
 other criminals. 2. Captain James O'Dea Storen, convicted as being in league 
 with the million dollar burglary trust. 3. Sergeant Michael Weisbaum, 
 convicted as protector of million dollar burglar trust. Captain Storen's 
 Handy Andy. 4. Sergeant Walter O'Brien, convicted as protector of clair- 
 vovarit trust. 
 
 Twenty-five
 
 may be to a band of swindlers. In the beginning, before "Barney" 
 Bertsche could open the first of these astrological parlors, he had 
 to reach an agreement with Captain Halpin. He arranged to pay 
 the captain $100 a month for protection for this one office. He also 
 agreed to give the captain ten per cent of the money taken in by a 
 set of wire-tappers also working under his guidance. How profit- 
 able this later proviso proved to the detective chief may be shown 
 by instancing a single transaction the swindling of Dr. William E. 
 Kirby, which paid Halpin $2,000 cash. 
 
 In order that smooth sailing should be assured for his clairvoyant 
 proteges, "Barney" next selected the detectives who would work on 
 clairvoyant cases. Halpin allowed him to pick Walter O'Brien and 
 Joseph Carmody. Bertsche put O'Brien on the payroll for $100 a 
 month. The detective regularly consulted with "Barney" at his 
 saloon and took orders. At the time that "Jimmy" Ryan opened his 
 parlors as Prof. Charles T. Crane, Bertsche raised the pay of Halpin 
 and O'Brien to $200 a month each. By the time that Bertsche's 
 income from the parlors had reached $1,200 a month, he was paying 
 out $500 of this to the police. 
 
 Among the services rendered by the detectives for this remunera- 
 tion was the saving of old "Doc" Russell from the California authori- 
 ties. The doctor was working the town of Ottawa and has been 
 arrested by Deputy Sheriff Benjamin F. Krause, who recognized in 
 him the i.ian for whom the Coast police were offering a $100 reward. 
 Bertsche 1:2.1 one of his henchmen, Ed Giroux, swear out a false 
 complaint against old "Doc" Russell, charging him with a $600 
 swindle in Chicago. Detectives O'Brien and Carmondy were then 
 sent down to rescue the well-known clairvoyant. The Ottawa sheriff 
 preferred California to Chicago until he learned that Chicago also 
 offered $100 reward. Then he turned Russell over to Halpin's 
 representatives. 
 
 Upon the prisoner's arrival in Chicago he was not even taken into 
 court and the complaining witness, Giroux, having disappeared, he 
 was discharged. California then begged Captain Halpin to turn 
 Russell over, but the petition was ignored and the old doctor was set 
 up as a clairvoyant, to help swell the detective captains' revenues. 
 
 So many complaints were filed against Prof. Charles T. Crane in 
 the. autumn of 1912 that the detective bureau had to make a show- 
 ing by a fake arrest. "Jimmy" Ryan, alias the professor, insisted that 
 his name must not be used, as it would hurt business. The com- 
 plaint, as it came from the clerical department of the bureau, was 
 against Charles T. Crane, but O'Brien arranged so that the warrant, 
 bond and title of the case read A. C. Crane, thus avoiding any scan- 
 dal among the clairvoyant's "thirty-eights." Nobody, of course, was 
 arrested, but O'Brien wrote a letter to the chief of police, for the 
 official files, saying that Prof. Charles T. Crane had been arrested. 
 
 Twenty-sif
 
 For two years the clairvoyants ran their confidence game wide 
 open, despite a personal request from Mayor Harrison to Captain 
 Halpin that a special investigation be made of them. The detectives 
 even went further with their protection of the trust, and drove unau- 
 thorized competitors out of business. There was a city ordinance 
 against fortune telling, and O'Brien, at the suggestion of Prof. Crane, 
 used it to close out Prof. Kronberg, Prof. Reynolds and other inter- 
 fering persons. Later on, it is said, O'Brien even drove old "Doc" 
 Russell out of town for Prof. Crane's benef.t. After Russell's place 
 was closed his furniture was carted up to O'Brien's home. O'Brien 
 was a business man. 
 
 All the time that Frank Ryan (Prof. Ross) was operating, Halpin 
 and his crowd knew the clairvoyant was wanted in Boston. His pic- 
 ture and description appeared in "The Detective," a police paper, 
 and Ryan even had Captain Halpin write to Boston at one time and 
 find out whether he was being sought. The criminals in the bureau 
 also protected the clairvoyants against the complaints of defrauded 
 citizens. 
 
 Halpin, O'Brien and Bertsche made a desperate fight to keep 
 Hoyne from getting Prof. Crane back to Chicago for trial, after his 
 arrest in Wyoming. The wetsern authorities naturally notified the 
 detective bureau and it was at once arranged that Detective O'Brien 
 should hurry out west and rescue his friend. But Hoyne held O'Brien 
 in Chicago and sent Assistant State's Attorney George C. Bliss and 
 Detective William Murnane. Bertsche then faked a complaint in 
 Kansas City and sent a crooked officer up to get the clairvoyant for 
 the alleged Missouri crime. The Wyoming authorities were not 
 fooled, however. Habeas corpus proceedings were next instituted 
 and Ed Giroux, who had served in the rescue of old "Doc" Russell, 
 appeared as a witness. He said Prof. Cr'ane had swindled him out 
 of $1,000 in Chicago, but that "Jimmy" Ryan, the prisoner, was not 
 Crane. Again the trick failed, for Mrs. McEldowney was sent lor 
 and identified the swindler. Habeas corpus proceedings were next 
 started in the supreme court of Wyoming, but this move also was 
 beaten. "Barney" Bertsche laid a last trap in Omaha, having had 
 fake extradition papers sworn out hi Nebraska. A gang was em- 
 ployed to overpower the honest detective and take Prof. Crane from 
 him "in the name of the law." But this trick failed also. Bertsche, 
 Ryan (Crane), Halpin, O'Brien and others were indicted and con- 
 victed and the criminal organization in the detective bureau broken up. 
 
 A little detail will show how cleverly and carefully the graft 
 machine was constructed and operated. Bertsche had to make regu- 
 lar monthly payments to a number of detectives. To have gone 
 behind a door and paid them over the money might have caused com- 
 ment. Everything must be in the open. So it was arranged that 
 the detective would lounge into "Barney's" bar some evening 
 
 Twenty-seven
 
 when it was crowded and, after a casual remark or two, ask for a 
 match. Bertsche would hand over a box of them, the detective would 
 scratch one on the box and then put the box in his pocket. Within, 
 the container was a roll of bills. 
 
 CHAPTER VII 
 Horse Thief Trust 
 
 In Which the Wild Western Gangsters Go to Joliet 
 
 { f ~]\ /T R. HOYNE," said Jabez C. Howe of Homewood, Illinois, 
 
 |\/| one day shortly after the state's attorney assumed office; 
 "if you were to make a guess, what particular spot in the 
 United States would you pick out as the happy home of the horse 
 thief?" 
 
 Mr. Hoyne laughed. "Why," said he, "I should suggest the Big 
 Bend country down along the Rio Grande or the Hole-in-the-Wall 
 out Northwest as being the place of business of the sort of desperado 
 that steals horses." 
 
 "Wrong," said Howe of Homewood. "Mr. Hoyne, the greatest 
 nest of horse thieves the nation has ever seen is operating right here 
 today in Cook County!" 
 
 "Nonsense. Why, there haven't been a half dozen convictions in 
 twice as many years." 
 
 "That's just it, Mr. Hoyne. None of your predecessors would take 
 the matter seriously. Neither the state's attorney's office nor the 
 police could be brought to realize what was going on. But, as a 
 matter of fact, official records show that in the last half dozen years 
 more horses have been stolen in Cook County than in the states of 
 Texas, North and South Dakota and Wyoming put together." 
 
 Whereupon began one of the most important and most successful 
 outlaw hunts known to recent American criminal history ; a hunt that 
 freed the Cook County towns and farms of the horse thief trust and 
 brought Chicago's suburbs once more within the bounds of civilized 
 law and order. 
 
 It was when, in October, W13, the bandits descended upon the 
 farms near Chicago Heights one night and drove off fifteen fine horses 
 that the state's attorney's office gained its first clue. It was learned 
 that in one of the Pennsylvania railway's freight yards in Chicago a 
 car had been reserved to transport horses to Pittsburgh. This car 
 was watched, and when five men appeared with twelve horses they 
 were arrested. 
 
 "So far, so good," said Mr. Hoyne. "But these men are only small 
 rascals. We haven't got to the brains of the trust yet. Have these 
 prisoners watched night and day." 
 
 It was in pursuance of these orders that Detective Sergeant Wil- 
 
 Twenty-eight
 
 iiam Murnane, a few clays later, saw a key pass between one of the 
 prisoners in the county jail and a woman who had been a witness on 
 
 These fine horses, belonging to Ferd Bramsteadt. living near Chicago Heights, 
 were stolen by, and recovered from, the horsethief trust. -More horses were 
 annually stolen in Cook County than in four cowboy states combined, including 
 Texas. 
 
 behalf of the thieves. The woman was followed and watched. It soon 
 began to be appreciated that she was no mere friend of the jailed 
 outlaws but, in fact, their means of communication w r ith the heads of 
 the gang. Enough information was obtained to convict the woman 
 of perjury and she was arrested and bound over to the grand jury by 
 Judge Brentano. She thereupon confessed herself the wife of Frank 
 Gordon, alias Smalley, alias O'Gorman, one of the most notorious 
 horse thieves in the United States. 
 
 The woman challenged the authorities, however, to find her hus- 
 band. But by watching the mails State's Attorney Hoyne found that 
 Gordon was in San Francisco, in charge of the western office of the 
 "business." Gordon was captured by surprise, disarmed, and brought 
 to Chicago where he received the maximum sentence sixty years. 
 
 A chance admission of Mrs. Gordon's also set the prosecuting 
 office's detectives upon the trail of Harry Lutz, alias Burkhart, alias 
 Hartman, alias Dunlap, who was in charge of the trust's operations in 
 Chicago and apparently its head. But Lutz escaped from Chicago. 
 Hoyne's detective followed him from Illinois to San Francisco, from 
 San Francisco to San Diego, from San Diego up and down the state. 
 
 Twenty-nine
 
 Finally at Stockton, in a regular oiovie finish, the officer of the law 
 closed in on the desperado and captured him just as he was about to 
 escape into the hills. 
 
 Lutz feigned resignation. He went to jail to await extradition 
 papers, professing a willingness to return and pay the penalty of his 
 felonies. But two days later a penciled note was found under one of 
 the barred windows of the jail. It read : "This here horse thief feller 
 they put in Tuesday has made it up with the three other men in here 
 to trip up the jailor tonight and get to his gun and shoot him so they 
 kin make a getaway. Quinn." 
 
 The guards being doubled Lutz could not escape. But the head 
 of the trust, somewhere in America State's Attorney Hoyne had 
 long since made up his mind that the genius of the gang was still 
 free managed to supply the prisoner with funds and to start habaes 
 corpus proceedings, which would have given him a chance to escape 
 before the officer could arrive from Illinois. Assistant State's Attorney 
 Dwight McKay was rushed to California, papers were secured and 
 Lutz' attorneys beaten by the trick of taking the prisoner twenty 
 miles across country in an automobile and flagging the limited train 
 between stations. Lutz was tried and sentenced to sixty years. 
 
 The gang was now all behind the bars except its real heads Abe 
 Lubin and his son, Max. The younger Lubin was soon caught and 
 given the maximum sentence. But it took two years to apprehend 
 the father. Finally, after a dozen changes of name and abode, he 
 was run down by one of Hoyne's officers. But, when the warrant 
 he had so long eluded was read to the old man, he fell over dead. 
 
 From first to Ir.st twenty-seven men were convicted and sent to 
 Joliet. The most important of these were: Fred Kleidon, Edward 
 Lozarski, Harry Lozarski, A. Cunningham, D. J. Dargen, Owen Dough- 
 erty, Daniel Felletti, Frank M. Jordan, Geo. Graham, Peter Hahn, 
 Stanley Kalkowski, Geo. Lindblom, Harry Lutz, Jas. Mooney, Jr., Edw. 
 Rasmussen, Jos. Sintowski and Robt. Thomas. Many of the stolen horses 
 also were recovered, in this one short campaign State's Attorney Hoyne 
 freed the farmers of Cook County from a band of outlaws who had had 
 them at their mercy for years. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII 
 Auto Thief, Auto Bandit and Auto Murderer 
 
 Explaining How the Motor Car Has Come to Be the Main Factor in Crime 
 
 IN THE old days it was the horse that figured in crime. Either he 
 ' was stolen by the horse thief or he assisted the bandit in his deeds 
 of violence. Today, however, the automobile has become the center 
 around which all crime revolves. The car is now the easiest and most 
 valuable loot that city or country affords, and it is the best friend of 
 
 Thirtv
 
 the auto bandit and the best weapon of the auto murderer. 
 
 The automobilej in fact, has been making criminal history in Chicago 
 in the last three years. First we demonstrated to the world that an 
 auto could be considered as an instrument of murder Hoyne sent 
 Lawrence Lindbloom and Fred Hrudek to the penitentiary for murder 
 with an automobile, a new crime. Then we had our auto bandits, 
 the Webb gang, that terrorized the city and murdered Detective Peter 
 Hart, and the Eddie Mack gang that held up the Washington Park 
 State Bank and was caught, tried and sent to Joliet all within five 
 weeks a record for celerity. And now the city is struggling with a 
 motor stealing trust that is proving one of the hardest problems the 
 police have ever been called upon to meet. 
 
 As a matter of fact, a large part of all the gun men, confidence 
 men, burglars, ex-convicts and other expert thieves of the nation have 
 turned their attention lately to stealing automobiles, and have made 
 Chicago the center from which they work. This city is particularly 
 favored because the thief can get his stolen car across a state line 
 in so short a time. So bold and successful had the auto thieves 
 become that the entire time of one of Hoyne's assistant state's attor- 
 neys is now being taken up with these cases and two additional 
 detective sergeants from the bureau are daily assigned to auto work. 
 Because of this activity twenty-five indictments have recently been 
 returned and the motor thieves are now on trial. Sixty cases are now 
 pending and fifty convictions have been obtained since January 1, 
 most of them to the penitentiary. As a result .the number of cars 
 stolen has very greatly decreased. 
 
 If your car has disappeared in the last year it is probable that it 
 was taken by some one of the following thieves, for they are the 
 heads of the trust: Jack Almony alias "Red Jack," Bennie Klieman 
 alias "Nemo," Walter Furniss, Earl Dear, Ed Tennigkite alias 
 "Tenny," Frankie Burns, Frank Parker, Earl Harris and Ed Arn- 
 heim. Jack Almony and Earl Dear are ex-gun men, against whom a 
 number of cases for robbery with a gun have been pending at various 
 times in the criminal courts, and these two, together with Walter 
 Furniss and Bennie Klieman, are probably the most expert automo- 
 bile thieves that ever worked in the city of Chicago. 
 
 The work of the auto thieves has been systematized. The theft of 
 a car is no haphazard matter. Your car, let us say, has been picked 
 out for appropriation. You are followed and watched. It is ascer- 
 tained that you are very careful about the car at all times except for 
 the few minutes in which you go into your bank, or eat luncheon, 
 or take a glance at the stock market quotations. The moment is dis- 
 covered when your machine may be made away with with the least 
 trouble and the smallest chance of interference. Then, some day, the 
 car is gone. 
 
 In every gang there is one expert mechanic, a man who generally 
 
 Thirty-one
 
 has worked for a considerable period of time in one of the large 
 automobile factories of the country. This man is familiar with every 
 identification number in almost every automobile, and when a car is 
 stolen, it is generally run into some private garage where the expert 
 mechanic changes all the numbers. 
 
 After the numbers on your car have been changed it is driven 
 across the state line, placed in some fence's garage usually a public 
 one doing, to all appearances, a legitimate business and later sold. 
 The salesmen are usually confidence men with long police records. 
 Among the celebrated stolen auto salesmen who have operated on 
 Chicago cars in the last year are Louis M. Erb, Walter E. Relihan 
 and Frank Miller. 
 
 The great difficulty in these auto stealing cases is the identification 
 of the car. So cleverly do the thieves change the stolen autos that 
 the owners are often unable to identify them. Every car owner 
 should make a point o'f establishing certain private marks on his 
 machine that the thieves would overlook and which would enable him 
 to satisfy a jury as to his ownership. Jack Almony was formerly a 
 court reporter and it was through him the trust was able to make a 
 study of the problem of legal identification of cars. State's Attorney 
 Hoyne is now organizing a special automobile department so that the 
 prosecutor and others on the staff will be experts in automobile identi- 
 fication. Hoyne has also made a fight against the practice of letting 
 these high class criminals out on small bonds which they are glad to 
 forfeit. Earl Dear, as a result of this policy, is now in the county 
 jail under* a bond demand of $57,000 which he cannot supply. 
 
 That Chicago has been regarded as the center of operations is 
 shown by the fact that among those under indictment are the three 
 Whitehead brothers, who live in -Birmingham, Ala. Among the im- 
 portant cases pending are those against Major William R. Stiles and his 
 wife, Elvina E. Stiles. Mrs. Stiles was a bondswoman and came in 
 contact with Jack Almony, Earl Dear and other leaders who induced 
 her to sell their cars. An interesting conviction was that of Louis B. 
 Krampe, who was' supposed to operate a barber agency on Fifth Avenue. 
 He was not a member of the trust. His method was to hire small 
 boys to steal small cars and to sell the vehicles through the want ad 
 department of the daily papers. This was the first conviction of a 
 receiver of stolen automobiles secured in Chicago in a number of 
 years. A very important branch of the trust is said to be operating 
 under the direction of a former Chicago policeman named Buckmin- 
 ster. This man was not long ago indicted as a wiretapper and a case 
 against him for arson is now in the supreme court. 
 
 The greatest fence in the automobile stealing world is said to be 
 Ira Bond of Minneapolis, a "millionaire-broker." He is supposed to 
 have been a member of the old Mayberry gang, notorious swindlers. 
 His operations are almost a by-word in the Northwest. Hoyne has 
 
 Thirty-tun,
 
 
 Is 
 
 Thirty- three
 
 at last succeeded in securing" an indictment against this prince of re- 
 ceivers and it looks now as if his criminal career was over. 
 
 The sentence of death recently passed upon Lloyd Bopp for the 
 killing of Herman Malow, a motorcycle policeman of Oak Park, re- 
 calls the exploits of the Wehb gang of auto bandits. Bopp was in a 
 stolen motor at the time and his chauffeur was Frank McErlane, alias 
 Walter Scott, who was "Teddy" Webb's driver on the bandit cruises 
 that terrorized the city in the summer and autumn of 1912. When 
 the other bandits, Robert Webb, James Perry, George Connery and 
 Claude Rose, were sent to the penitentiary some foolish idea of mercy 
 allowed McErlane to go to Pontiac, when he was recently paroled. 
 
 The nightly exploits of the Webb bandits have almost been for- 
 gotten by the public. The darkening hours of December 3d and 6th, 
 1912, however, were made memorable to the authorities. On the 
 first of these nights the bandits smashed in five large jewelry store 
 windows on the north side and succeeded in collecting about $1,800 
 worth of plunder. At 667 North Clark Street they passed a group of 
 policemen and opened fire on the officers just to let them know r that 
 the car carried the famous auto gang. On the way downtown Officer 
 Fred Sticken stepped on the running board of the motor to place 
 them under arrest for speeding. They opened fire' on the officer, one 
 bullet taking effect in his body. They threw him off the machine and 
 continued snooting at him as he lay in the street. 
 
 Three nights later they held up four stores and shot two persons, 
 all within a half an hour. While they were at work in the bakery 
 of Margaret Glaser they shot at a citizen who was so unfortunate as 
 to come in for a loaf of bread. Ten minutes later they drilled C. A. 
 Sherman,, 312 East Garfield Boulevard, through the breast when he 
 refused to open his. cash register. 
 
 Ten days later Hoyne's officers at last got on the track of the 
 bandits and Perry and McErlane were captured. Webb, who was 
 with them, escaped. The proceeds of fifty burglaries and hold-ups 
 were found. On January 20, 1913, Detective Peter Hart was sent to 
 1617 Wabash Avenue, where Webb was believed to be hiding. Webb 
 killed the detective and escaped over the roofs. He was caught later, 
 however, and is now doing a life sentence at Joliet. 
 
 The most interesting thing about the other gang of auto bandits, 
 that which included Eddie Alack, the notorious pickpocket ; Harry 
 Kramer; Charlie Kramer, alias "Big Polly"; Alex Brodie and Bennie 
 Feine was the rapidity of their transit to the penitentiary following 
 their removal of $15,000 from the Washington Park bank. At 8 
 o'clock on the morning of January 27, 1916, they entered the bank in 
 true western style and got away with the plunder. All of the gang 
 but Eddie Mack were New Yorkers who had come out to grow up 
 with the country and show the tank town real metropolitan methods. 
 Hoyne felt that such a gang should be eradicated at once. Forty- 
 
 Thirty-four
 
 eight hours after the hold-up the bandits were arrested and on Febru- 
 ary 10 they were placed on trial. On March 4 a verdict of guilty was 
 brought in and two days later they took up a life residence at Joliet. 
 Hoyne and the police were praised for this work, but the state's 
 attorney received even greater praise when he succeeded in getting a 
 court of law to accept his theory that an automobile, in the hands of 
 a reckless and brutal driver, should be regarded as an instrument of 
 murder and classed with the revolver, stiletto and poison phial. These 
 two convictions established a world's precedent and helped to cut down 
 the number of brutal killings by motor car. 
 
 Lawrence Lindbloom was put on trial April 30, 1913, for the mur- 
 der of Joseph Weiss, whom he had run over on Cottage Grove Avenue 
 at East Twenty-fifth Street. Lindbloom was driving at thirty-five 
 miles an hour. Weiss was caught in the machinery and dragged more 
 than two blocks in fact, the chauffeur only stopped an^l gave himself 
 up because the mangled form had brought the car to a stop and Lind- 
 bloom coud make it go no further. On the jury that convicted Lind- 
 bloom were four automobile owners. 
 
 'The second conviction was of Fred Hrodek, who had run over 
 Patrick J. Condon in Austin en the night of March 20, 1913. As in the 
 other case, the body was^, caught in the machinery of the car and Hrodek 
 drove several blocks in an effort to escape, but was captured, in effect, 
 by his victim. When several bystanders suggested that the car be 
 turned over so that the body could be liberated, Hrodek angrily de- 
 manded: "What good'll that do? He's dead, ain't he? You can't 
 turn this car over and smash it all up." Hrodek was given a fourteen- 
 year sentence. 
 
 At the time of these convictions the Chicago Record Herald said in 
 comment :' 
 
 "For the first time in the history of Illinois a man was convicted 
 yesterday of murder with an automobile. His punishment was fixed at 
 fourteen years in the penitentiary." 
 
 The Chicago Daily News also said: 
 
 "Vicious driving of automobiles in Chicago is a scandal as well as 
 an embarrassment and a peril to law-abiding and considerate owners 
 of motor cars. It is high time that killings by reckless drivers of motor 
 vehicles should be recognized as grave crimes to be punished by peni- 
 tentiary terms." 
 
 The necessity for such convictions as this is shown by the following 
 table, giving the principal causes of sudden death in Chicago in 1915: 
 
 Suicide . 671 
 
 Miscellaneous falls 261 
 
 Automobiles 254 
 
 Railroad 239 
 
 Homicide 232 
 
 Industrial 228 
 
 Thirty-live
 
 Asphyxiation . . ^19 
 
 Burns and scalds 193 
 
 Street car . . 139 
 
 In the year 1905 there were only five killings by automobile. In 
 eight months of 1916 there have been 166 killings. 
 
 CHAPTER IX 
 
 In Which the Most Powerful of All Trusts Is Broken Up and Property and 
 Labor Together Are Freed from Extortion and Abuse 
 
 AT THE TIME the fourteen robber barons of the plate glass 
 smashing trust were convicted last July, there was naturally 
 an effort on the part of the defendants to make the affair a 
 persecution of union labor, for the thugs and blackmailers on trial had 
 gained control of the union organization as the best means of further- 
 ing their purpose and of enriching their own personal pockets. But 
 the persecution idea did not go very far, principally, I believe, because 
 the union members themselves had suffered the most and had gained 
 the least. The best proof that union labor in general approved the 
 conviction is shown, to my mind, by the fact that, of the trial jury, 
 three men were at the time members of Chicago unions and several lot" 
 the others had in the past been members. 
 
 As for Hoyne himself he had originated and carried through in 
 the public interest the whole campaign that led to the convictions 
 his personal and public record made him safe. Union leaders and 
 union men both knew him as the friend of organized labor. I can 
 only add my little bit to the general opinion on this point by reprint- 
 ing a remark of his, made at the time he acted as the labor member of 
 the board of arbitration in the street car strike, which gave the men 
 the best award ever received in a Chicago labor controversy. 
 
 "Under modern industrial conditions/' he said, "unionism is the 
 only support of a living wage, and upon the principle of unionism 
 depends the comfort, welfare, happiness and opportunity of thou- 
 sands of families mothers, wives and children of workers." 
 
 The Chicago Herald, appreciating the situation, said in an editorial 
 of December 6, 1915: 
 
 "With the indictment of fifty-four men on numerous counts as a 
 result of the long investigation into certain labor conditions in this 
 city, the necessity of restating and for keeping the real issue clearly 
 in mind again arises. Already there is evidence of a desire to becloud 
 the issue and represent the natural and orderly process of the law as 
 an attack on union labor. 
 
 "The point at issue and the only point at issue is whether these 
 
 Thirty-six'
 
 men are guilty as charged. The grand jury, after hearing the evi- 
 dence against them, found it sufficiently impressive to justify indict- 
 ments. The state's attorney, whose interests are certainly not bound 
 up in the injury of union labor, announces his intention to press the 
 prosecution. The defendants will enjoy the benefit of every legal pre- 
 sumption and every legal safeguard. The only advantage they will be 
 compelled to surrender is the privilege of associating union labor with 
 them in the box as a defendant. 
 
 "It is stated that union labor all over the country will watch the trials 
 of the men indicted very closely. Union labor should. Union labor has 
 a special interest in the punishment of any fraud and corruption on the 
 part of its representatives that may be shown to cixst. Of all the suf- 
 ferers from the graft and extortion of so-called 'labor representatives' 
 union labor suffers most. It may be taken for granted that every 
 decent union mati realizes this fact clearly." 
 
 The glass smashers had a hold on the life of the cuy such as no 
 other criminal organization ever secured. With the wire-tappers and 
 others, the victims often fell into the trap, partly or wholly, because they 
 had themselves been susceptible to a dishonest suggestion. In other lines 
 the victims had been individuals, more or less helpless. But to the glass 
 smashing barons all persons or corporations that built houses or lived 
 in them had to pay tribute. No business concern was strong enough to 
 escape. 
 
 The system employed by the plate glass barons was simple and direct. 
 These so-called business agents within the painters district council and 
 affiliated organizations, met regularly twice a week to put new names on 
 the black list or take old ones off. This list was sent three times a week 
 to all the glass houses. Suppose you owned a business building. It 
 wouldn't make much difference where, it was, so long as it was south of 
 Waukegan, north of Chicago Heights or east of Western Springs, but 
 the Chicago loop district was the favorite hunting ground. Some one 
 of the robber barons would take a look at your building or at you and 
 decide that you would make an eligible party to go on the black list. 
 On it your building would go at the next meeting. 
 
 In a day or two "Lusher" Hipp or "Dutch" Klems or "Muckles" 
 Shields or Joseph Casey or Jim AlcCullongh or "Ronehead" Clayton or 
 "Fuzzy" Fussy or Jack Miller or Tom Flanigan or "Smash" Hanson or 
 Charley Gibbard or Ed Hammond or Elmer L. Hitt or some other one 
 of the window wreckers would get an order to drop in at your place 
 and wreck the lights. In the earlier days of the trust, the ruffian detailed 
 for the work would have hurled a brick or a pop bottle or a stone through 
 your window and there would have been a big crash and the necessity 
 for a hasty and unseemly flight. But by the time you got into trouble 
 the plan had become more nearly perfect. The man who was working 
 for you on your windows would have dropped in at your place in an 
 automobile, and he would have had a specially constructed slingshot. He 
 would havj loaded this with an iron nut bound round with electricians' 
 
 Thirty-seven
 
 tape and fired it through your plate from a safe distance and with a 
 minimum of noise. No glass would have been strong enough to with- 
 stand the shot either. 
 
 Next morning your tenant would call you up and say: ''Someone has 
 smashed my show window. What're you going to do about it?" 
 
 "Have the insurance company make good with a new glass, of course," 
 you would reply. Then you would call up the insurance company and 
 the insurance company would call up the plate glass company and say: 
 "\Ye want you to set a new show window in the building." 
 
 "Sorry," the glass man would reply, " but we can't do it. The place 
 is on the black list." 
 
 Then you would fuss around a while and your tenant would fuss a 
 good deal more and finally you would get the glass company to tell you 
 what to do about it and the glass company would probably tell you to 
 wander over^to Johnson's saloon and see if you could find a business 
 agent there. 
 
 At Johnson's saloon, sure enough, you would find a business agent 
 and he would take you up into the balcony and call you names and tell 
 you that you had been fined $10 or $1,000, according to your rating in 
 the trust's private Bradstreet. After you had thus purified yourself and 
 departed, the cashier of the trust would notify the central office that you 
 had been declared fair, the business agent of the glaziers' union would 
 notify the glass company that you were fair, and by the time you got 
 home you would probably find the men at work". 
 
 Much the same methods obtained with new construction and the 
 remodeling of old buildings. It was always necessary to board up a 
 building until a settlement had been made. The glass companies denied 
 strenuously that they had any agreement with the glass smashers but it 
 is certain they had nothing to lose by the frequent replacing of windows 
 that might otherwise not have broken for years. 
 
 It is impossible to say to what figure property was bled. But the 
 sum was great, as the following enumeration for nine months will show : 
 Known losses to plate glass insurance companies 
 between January, 1915, and October, 1915. ...$ 6,272 
 
 Estimated losses for same period 25,000 
 
 Known extortions for same period 11,980 
 
 Estimated extortions for same period 50,000 
 
 Losses caused and damage done on account of 
 black list while the same was in operation for 
 about three years prior to October, 1915, includ- 
 ing the dynamiting of Andrew Wash's house 
 ($1,500), driving Kloepfel into bankruptcy 
 ($7,500), driving Kronenberger out of business 
 ($5,000), tenants' losses, owners' losses, contract- 
 ors' losses, workmen's losses Impossible to es- 
 timate, but con- 
 servatively $150.- 
 Thirty-eight 000 to $200,000.
 
 Extortions for the same period -. Also impossible 
 
 . to estimate, but 
 
 c o n s e rvatively 
 the same as 
 above, if not 
 more. 
 
 The situation can be grasped when* it is known that the authori- 
 ties found between four and five hundred places on the various black 
 lists obtained since October, 1915, and that out of these were inves- 
 tigated less than half. 
 
 The innocent victims of this system also numbered thousands 
 within the ranks of the unions themselves. They had to sit by idle 
 for weeks at a time because of the hundreds of strikes the grafters 
 called for the purpose of shaking money into their own personal 
 pockets. The privates in the union ranks, of course, had no way of 
 knowing that the strikes from which they suffered were unjustified 
 and were not called in their interest. 
 
 As a result of Hoyne's crusade Fred Mader and Charles Crowley, 
 respectively business agent and assistant business agent of the 
 fixture hangers' organization, were sent to state's prison for three 
 years. Hugo Hahn and Walter E. Staley, business agents of the 
 glaziers' union, and Ray Stewart, business agent of the wood 
 finishers' union, we.re sent for two years, and Frank Curran, one of the 
 business agents of the painters' district council, for one year. John E. 
 Cleary, former business agent of the electrical workers' union ; 
 Isadore Gordon, business agent of the painters' council ; Harry H. 
 Grass, former business agent of the same body, and William E. 
 Nestor, another of its retired business agents, were each fined $2,000. 
 Charles Hansen, of one of the painters' locals, was fined $1,500; 
 Nicholas Pekelsma, another of the district council's business agents, 
 was fined $750; and John W. Murphy, assistant business agent of 
 the electricians, and George Tuckbreiter, another business agent of 
 the council, were each assessed $500. 
 
 Windows in Chicago are seldom broken now except by accident. 
 
 CHAPTER X 
 The Gunmen 
 
 Discussing the Crimes of Violence That Have Made Chicago (In) famous 
 With a List of Some Important Convictions 
 
 TO PERSONS unacquainted with the appalling amount of crime 
 in Chicago it seems incredible that since the first of 1913 there 
 have been 284 men sent to Joliet, Chester and Pontiac for the 
 crime of "robbery with a gun." Of these, seventy-nine were sentenced 
 to the reformatory because of their youth and lack of criminal 
 record. But the more than 200 remaining were nearly all hardened 
 
 Thirty-nine
 
 gun men. Many of them had been committing serious offenses 
 against the law for years 'and had escaped with, at most, a few 
 months in the reformatory. 
 
 The serious problem of gun-toting receives the attention of Judge 
 Marcus Kavanagh in an address, reprinted in the Chicago Examiner 
 of April 27, 1914, under th headline, "Judge Kavanagh demands 
 public support for Hoyne's anti-gunmen campaign." Among other 
 things the judge said : 
 
 "The carrying of arms is mainly responsible for the frightful 
 mortality shown by the criminal records of our courts. Gun carry- 
 ing is the principal reason why prison population in the United 
 States has steadily increased since 1850, while in every other civilized 
 country in the world it has decreased each decade. The people of 
 the United States are asleep, and until they wake up their servants 
 will be asleep. The judges should wake up here in Chicago and 
 support the state's attorney, and the public should insist that every 
 branch of government give him support." 
 
 That there was a general public suspicion that the criminal 
 coterie in the detective bureau was protecting the gun men is shown 
 by the newspapers of that time. The Examiner on April 19, 
 1914, headlined : "Hoyne forces police to do their duty, and arrests 
 gunmen." The Herald, in an editorial of the 19th, printed this sen- 
 tence: "Mr. Hoyne is to be commended for his attitude in endeavor- 
 ing to compel the police to drive out the gunmen." And the Ameri- 
 can on April 20th used this caption: "Hoyne causes twenty- four 
 raid squads to begin ridding the city of gunmen." 
 
 Of the. gun men sent over the road in 1913, 1914, 1915 and the 
 first half of the present year, 180 went to the state penitentiary at 
 Joliet, twenty-five to the penitentiary at Chester and seventy-nine to 
 the reformatory at Pontiac. A sketch of the criminal career of two 
 or three of them will serve to introduce the whole crew. 
 
 James Clark, William Hogan and Frederick J. Corrigan, on Sep- 
 tember 21, 1914, drove up in an automobile to the Franklin Park 
 State Bank, entered the bank and covered the cashier, Walter Joss, 
 with their revolvers. When Joss made an effort to reach his own 
 weapon Clark shot him through the right lung and the trio fled 
 without getting any money. 
 
 Clark's record is as follows: On December 21, 1903, as Frank 
 Meyer, he was sentenced to the house of correction for burglary. 
 On June 4, 1904, as Albert Kashellek, a charge of robbery was 
 stricken off. On January 24, 1905, as Albert Kashelek, sentenced to 
 Pontiac for burglary. On July 10, 1908, paroled. On April 14, 1909, 
 discharged. On November 21, 1909, with an unknown confederate, 
 held up the saloon of J. B. Jorgenson, 4400 West Madison street, 
 and shot and killed William Belden, a customer. Was held by the 
 coroner without bail. In the December term of the grand jury one 
 
 Forty
 
 of several charges of robbery against him -was no-billed. On Jan- 
 uary 21, 1910, he was found not guilty of another robbery charge. 
 On April 9, 1910, he was sentenced to Joliet for a term of from 
 one year to life on two charges of robbery. On May 6, 1914, he was 
 paroled. The following September found him attempting the Frank- 
 lin Park job, which led to his return to the penitentiary, where he 
 is now likely to remain. 
 
 William Hogan had a similar career. On December 15, 1905, 
 as William Ziek, he was sentenced to Pontiac on a charge of rob- 
 bery and assault to kill. On March 31, 1909, he was paroled. On 
 November 12, 1909, he was discharged. On December 16, 1910, a 
 charge against him of robbery was no-billed. On March 30, 1911, 
 he was sentenced to Joliet fgr from one year to life on a charge of 
 robbery. On March 25, 1914, he was paroled. On September 6, 
 1914, he held up Fred C. Blanchard in the latter's saloon, and on 
 the 18th held up Nathan Marshall's saloon. On the 21st we find 
 him at Franklin Park, almost as busy as a Chautauqua lecturer. 
 
 Corrigan's only other crime of record was a successful piece of 
 njghwaymanry, performed in company with one Seth Piper. The 
 two lay in wait for Warrington McAvoy, a messenger for the Gar- 
 rield Park Bank, struck him over the head from behind, and ran 
 away in an automobile with a satchel containing $4,100 in currency 
 and $14,000 in checks. The checks were later found in a vacant lot, 
 but the money was not recovered. 
 
 Such records as these are rather discouraging to the reformatory 
 system. It did not reform and the parol gave the outlaws addi- 
 tional chances for crime. In an effort to arouse the readers of this 
 book to a realization of the activity of the criminal population the 
 following list of convictions is printed. The list includes only a 
 very few of the hundreds of convictions ; only those which, by 
 reason of their novelty or heinousness, or the importance of the 
 criminal or his victim, attracted exceptional public attention. No 
 one mentioned elsewhere in the book is included here. Though 
 twenty-four cases are given, the list does not go back even to the 
 beginning of Hoyne's administration : 
 
 WILLIAM F. STINE conspiracy: Ex-police officer. Head of 
 police organization. Embezzled portion of $66,000 secret police 
 slush fund. E. J. Dodd, president of association and involved in same 
 charges, was not indicted because of statute of limitations. 
 
 "EDDIE" HICKS confidence game: Notorious "con" man 
 and king of shell game artists. Inveigled victims by claiming author- 
 ity and ability to sell submarines to Canada. 
 
 HENRY BARRETT and EDWARD BARRETT manslaugh- 
 ter: The famous -Barrett brothers, notorious sluggers, who killed 
 a pal, Henry Masterson, in a quarrel about a woman. 
 
 JAMES C. FRANCHE murder: Notorious criminal known as 
 
 Forty-one
 
 "Duffy the Goat." Convicted of killing Isaac Henagow at a noto- 
 rious redlight hangout. Police attempted to cover up crime, but 
 Hoyne uncovered the plot and secured the evidence upon which 
 the conviction was obtained. Jury fixed punishment at death. New 
 trial granted. 
 
 ROSWELL C. SMITH murder: Sentenced to death for mur- 
 der of a four-year-old girl. Hanged February, 1914. 
 
 EDWARD A. JONES conspiracy: An attorney, convicted for 
 "fixing" witnesses and sending them out of the state. 
 
 ADOLPH J. SCHMIDT forgery : An employee of the Stock 
 Yards State Bank, who passed a forged check on the Fort Dearborn 
 National Bank for $7,500 and fled to England. Brought back from 
 Bristol, England. 
 
 IKE BOND murder: Given life sentence for murder of Ida 
 Leegson, Art Institute sculpturess. 
 
 SEYMOUR R. SIMPSON conspiracy: Deputy sealer of the 
 city of Chicago, convicted for "shaking down" peddlars while work- 
 ing for the city. 
 
 RUSSELL THOMPSON larceny: Notorious burglar and 
 associate of the equally notorious Melville Reeves. 
 
 MICHAEL and NATHAN HOCKMAN conspiracy : Con- 
 victed of forging Sperry-Hntchinson green trading stamps and 
 defrauding merchants who purchased them. 
 
 JAMES CONWAY and LILLIAN CON WAY murder : Fa- 
 mous circus clown and actor, convicted with wife of killing well 
 known girl from Baltimore in a boarding house on Indiana' Avenue. 
 
 WILLIAM CHENEY ELLIS murder : Prominent Cincinnati 
 merchant. Murdered his wife in the Hotel Sherman by strangula- 
 tion and cutting her throat. 
 
 RUSSELL PETHICK murder: Grocery clerk and wagon 
 driver, who killed Mrs. Coppersmith and child. 
 
 JACK KOETTERS murder : Known as "Handsome ' Jack" 
 and "Hammer man." Convicted of killing- the aged Emma Kraft in 
 Saratoga Hotel. Eluded police for many years. Finally caught in 
 San Francisco. 
 
 VINCENZO CIOLLARA manslaughter: Son of a judge in a 
 high court in Italy. Man of mystery. Refused to talk from the 
 time of arrest until sentenced for life to the penitentiary. 
 
 PAUL BRENCATO murder: Completely severed head of 
 Joseph Minella, his associate and colleague. 
 
 STANLEY STACK and SAMUEL MALRICK murder and 
 robbery: Robbed and killed banker J. J. Slomski. Sentenced to 
 i penitentiary for life. 
 
 Forty-two
 
 1. "Big Jack" Strosnider, head of the wiretappers" trust. Most ingenious 
 of all swindlers and jail evaders, he is now in Joliet after twenty years 
 of criminal liberty. He once tricked President McKinley into pardoning 
 him. 2. Edward Jackson, known everywhere as "Eddie the Immune," be- 
 cause no one could send him to prison. Convicted head of the pickpocket 
 trust. 3. "Handsome Jack" Koetter. To get her money, induced elderly 
 Emma Kraft to elope with him and then beat out her brains with a ham- 
 mer. 4. Bennie Fein, one of the Washington Park State Bank robbers. 
 Though only twenty-three years old Bennie had already been arrested 
 fourteen times. 5 and 6. "Big Polly" and Harry Kramer, of the Washing- 
 ton Park gan:r. 
 
 Forty-three
 
 CHAPTER XI 
 Parasite Trust 
 
 Discussing the Hyenas of Crime and Their Dispersal 
 
 NO CLASS of criminal incites more contempt than the paras.:e. 
 One may look with some respect upon the burglar or the gun 
 man, for their vocation calls for courage. But the parasite 
 preys upon the helpless. They may be classed in general as jury fixers, 
 crooked lawyers and leaches who fasten themselves upon the mentally 
 unfit. 
 
 The criminal court building in Chicago at one time blossomed like 
 a rose garden with these despicable crooks if roses and so ill-favored 
 a blossom can have any ground of similitude. It is pleasant to report, 
 however, that the parasites have found hard living in the last several 
 years and have now largely lost their organization and, for the time 
 being at least, their power for evil. 
 
 When Hoyne assumed office he found a body of professional fixers, 
 whose stock in trade consisted principally of the credulity of their 
 victims. Close watch was kept by the fixers on the grand jury com- 
 mitments in the criminal branches of the municipal court and they 
 wasted as little time in reaching the intended victims as the ambulance 
 chasing shyster in personal injury cases. For a stated sum, paid in 
 advance, the professional fixer would pretend to fix the state's attor- 
 ney so that no indictment should result. If the evidence presented to 
 the grand jury was insufficient to warrant an indictment, the fixer 
 reported his success to his victim. If the indictment was returned, 
 the victim was assured that the fixing would be done at the trial. If a 
 conviction resulted the fixer sometimes, but not often, returned the 
 dupe's money. 
 
 There also existed a smaller, yet more dangerous, class of fixers 
 known as jury-bribers. Their object was to free, for compensation, 
 desperate criminals whose guilt was known. "Slicky" McMahon, 
 "Bob" Malone and Attorney Lewis E. Dickinson, in the second year 
 of Hoyne's administration, were indicted as jury-bribers, tried and 
 sentenced to the penitentiary. 
 
 These men both bribed jurors and furnished evidence on contract. 
 Upon an indictment being rendered the leaders of the gang would 
 wait upon the man about to be tried and offer to supply him with 
 witnesses and evidence for the defense. For a case where jurors were 
 to be bribed and affidavits and other evidence furnished a charge of 
 about $500 would be made. The more serious the offense charged, of 
 course, the higher the fee. The jury bribers convicted at one time 
 included in their gang the clerk of one of the courts. The acquittal of 
 several murderers is charged to them. 
 
 Forty-four
 
 Since the conviction of the leaders in this form of crime, however, 
 the small fry have realized that a new order of things exists in the 
 criminal court building and have sought other fields for their talent. 
 
 Jury bribing has now been rendered doubly difficult by the 
 inauguration of a system that weeds out all men from the venire who 
 might be regarded as in co-operation with the criminals or susceptible 
 to bribery. A staff of investigators is always at work, often aided by 
 private detective agencies. The people of Chicago and Cook County 
 are today assured of more reliable juries than ever before. 
 
 A startling trade at one time existed in the property of the mentally 
 unsound. It found its headquarters in the county and probate courts. 
 By inquiry it was possible to learn the financial condition of those 
 who were committed to the hospital for the insane. Many of these 
 were without relatives or interested friends and in such a case these 
 unscrupulous leaches promptly filed a petition in the probate court 
 and secured their own appointment as conservator, empowering them 
 to take charge of the property of the unfortunate. The results of this 
 practice can readily be imagined ; often the savings of a lifetime were 
 dissipated or legally involved in such a manner that the owner was 
 deprived of their use. 
 
 The state's attorney's office has now, however, brought about co- 
 operation between the two courts, and an assistant state's attorney 
 has been assigned to attend all hearings. This arrangement leads to 
 the appointment of a proper conservator and makes available expert 
 advice as to the management of the estate. The importance of this 
 reform is shown by the fact that in 1913 only 2,510 persons were 
 passed upon as to their sanity while, if the present rate is maintained 
 throughout the year, more than 3,500 insanity' petitions will have 
 been heard in 1916. This is an increase of more than thirty per cent. 
 Yearly the machinery for handling the insane is becomming of more 
 importance to the public. 
 
 Another phase of parasitical activity was much less criminal, but 
 at the same time had a decidedly demoralizing effect. This was the 
 practice of favored attorneys. If certain lawyers have special 
 privileges in the state's attorney's jurisdiction it gives them a powerful 
 advantage over other lawyers not having such privileges, and thus 
 disturbs the natural and equitable distribution of professional business. 
 This form of abuse in the last few years had become notorious. 
 
 As the general body of legal practitioners in Chicago and the 
 county towns was the first to suffer from the existence of this form of 
 special privilege, so the lawyers have been the first to note its dis- 
 appearance and to thank the present state's attorney therefor. The 
 public can depend upon it that under the present administration there 
 is no necessity of hiring this or that lawyer because he is known 'to 
 have the ear of the prosecuting official and his assistants. As a sign of 
 it* approbation the bar association has always strongly endorsed 
 lloyne. 
 
 Forty-five
 
 CHAPTER XII 
 Moron, Juvenile and Sex Criminal 
 
 In Which Widely Differing Views are Expressed as to the Moron, and 
 Improvement is Noted in the Handling of Juvenile and Sex Cases 
 
 {{TF THE POLICE were given authority to arrest every queer 
 appearing person who looked like a moron, do you think you 
 would be safe?" 
 
 This question was fired at me the other morning in the criminal 
 court building. Two authorities were at it hot and heavy on 
 the problem of the half-wit criminal and what should be done with 
 him. Neither of the authorities had an idea in common. Their atti- 
 tude, in fact, represented the attitude of the general public and their 
 difference showed the difficulty of reaching any solution of the prob- 
 lem. It is one thing to talk of the poor "defective" and how he should 
 be placed in a non-penal institution, instead of punished, and quite 
 another thing to ascertain whether he is really defective, and if so, to 
 adjust the administration of justice to the thousand and one new 
 obstacles which such a plan encounters. 
 
 "What we need," said one of my disputants, a judge on the criminal 
 bench, "is educated policemen. We need scientific policemen who can 
 detect queer persons when they are seen and take them to a central 
 clinic, which should be established in conjunction with the police 
 department, the municipal court and the county court. The chief of 
 police is willing to help, t>ut he does not wish to take the entire 
 responsibility of arresting people and depriving them of their liberty 
 because they look queer." 
 
 "Go on !" exclaimed his opponent, one of our well-known alienists ; 
 "a man has a constitutional right to look queer. Besides, if the police 
 were given power to pick up any one looking like a moron, half-wit or 
 other unfortunate, some of our most noted physicians, surgeons, bank- 
 ers, brokers, editors in fact, half the population would have to flee the 
 country for safety. Point out some sane man on the street and 
 whisper to a friend that he is on the border line, and in two days the 
 gossips will have him in the mad house or branded as a dangerous 
 citizen." 
 
 "My dear doctor," said the first, "you are all wrong. The efforts 
 put forth to find the right solution to the feeble-minded question are 
 the most humanitarian I have ever known. They are conceived in 
 sympathy." 
 
 To which the other replied: 
 
 "It is the most remarkable coincidence that this whole scheme is 
 favored, encouraged, fostered and developed by two extremes in 
 society on the one hand by those well meaning and eminently 
 
 Forty-six
 
 respectable social workers, psychologists and alienists who honestly 
 believe they have discovered a great science for the benefit of society, 
 and on the other hand by the thieves, thugs, grafters, crooks, con- 
 fidence men, robbers and murderers, who, in the last two years, have 
 profited by the system, and whose agents have disguised their vicious 
 purpose and with subtle ingenuity have crept into the conferences for 
 civic reform and helped the thing along. The time is not far distant 
 when the stench from this scheme, with its protection for crooks, 
 excuses for crime, disrespect for laws, demoralization of justice, and 
 breeding of criminals, will smell to Heaven, and merit an investigation 
 and prosecution." 
 
 The attitude of certain well-meaning people and organizations 
 toward the criminal because of his supposed mental defectiveness, has 
 raised many new problems, not only in the work of securing convic- 
 tions of criminals, but in dealing with the criminal otherwise. 
 
 Within the last two years, since the establishment of the boys' 
 court, commissions have been appointed by courts and societies to 
 study the relation of so-called mental defectiveness to crime, and 
 devise plans for the segregation of the feeble-minded. Whenever any 
 sensational murder like that of Ella Coppersmith, Agnes Middleton or 
 Henry Mclntyre is committed, a new agitation is started with columns 
 in the newspapers on the "irresponsible" criminal. Notice is served on 
 all criminals that there is a new excuse for murder. Nothing is said 
 about punishment. All one hears is "He was a defective ; we must do 
 something with these defectives." 
 
 Doctor Krohn, a recognized authority on the subject of diseased 
 minds and crime, put the commission to thinking when he said, "The 
 first step towards the solution of the problem is the enforcement of the 
 laws. Too many men and boys, arrested for crimes which they deliber- 
 ately planned, are excused on the plea of 'something wrong in the 
 head.' Always excusing crime makes a pathological pensonality of a 
 boy who, at the outset of his criminal career, was normal in every 
 mental attribute, and would have remained normal but for these excus- 
 ing agencies." 
 
 One of the commissions appointed by the county court, outlines 
 two courses of action : "Ask the legislature to provide farm colonies 
 for feeble-minded and half-wits of Chicago, near Chicago, and set 
 aside a large appropriation annually in Chicago not less than $1,000.- 
 000 with which to make a scientific survey of the situation on the 
 part of both, the police and the health authorities. The machinery of 
 the county court is placed at the disposal of the police who are urged 
 to round up all paranoiacs, morons and half-wits, and bring them 
 before the court." 
 
 The official most concerned with the new problem is the public 
 prosecutor. It is easy for a judge or a jury out of sympathy, senti- 
 ment or error, to turn a criminal loose, but the prosecutor charged 
 
 Fortv-seven
 
 specially with the duty of protecting . society, feels constantly the 
 responsibility of seeing that the criminal, 'chiefly for. the,, deterrent 
 effect it will ha-ve upon others, should be punished. He is sometimes 
 blamed in a certain case for not .securing a conviction. If his failure 
 to convict is+due to a new agency for excusing the criminal, he of all 
 persons, is most interested in ascertaining whether or not that agency 
 is one for the good of society. 
 
 In dealing with criminals for thousands of years the different 
 governments of the world have proceeded upon the theory that the; 
 chief object of punishing is to deter others, but the new conception 
 seems to be that if we punish at all' it is only for .the purpose , of 
 reforming. With many of our courts taking a sentimental attitude 
 toward the criminal, it is easy to see how the criminal himself, after 
 being given the benefit of leniency, becomes encouraged to commit- 
 other crimes, and those who see and hear what goes on in the court 
 room are also encouraged. It is easy, also, to see how both the 
 criminal and the would-be criminal lose respect for the law, and 
 naturally drift toward criminal life. 
 
 The 'plan for dealing with half-wits, in the opinion of State's Attor- 
 ney Hoyne, must depend, in large measure, on the conclusions the law 
 makers reach as to the correctness of the methods to determine who-: 
 are half-wits and the number that will have to be dealt with. -If the 
 old law on responsibility for crime continues to be the law- that is", 
 if the criminal is to be held responsible for his acts so long as he knows 
 the distinction between right and wrong there will be little need for 
 any farm colonies. If, on the other hand, the psycopathic laboratory 
 moron idea is to prevail and become the law, we may prepare for the 
 seggregation of a large part of our population who are now law abiding 
 citizens, and establish enough institutions or farm colonies to accom- 
 modate them. 
 
 Those who advocate this new reform, must prove first that Chicago 
 is "swarming with half-wits"; second, that the half-wits are dangerous 
 and should be seggregated from the. rest of society; third, that the 
 methods now efriployed -to determine half-wittidness are correct.- Until 
 this is proved the penitentiary, the insane asylum and the institution 
 at Lincoln, with additions to meet a natural growing demand, are, in 
 his opinion, sufficient. 
 
 * * * 
 
 Many readers of this booklet will be astonished to learn that in the 
 last four years the juvenile court has tried "and disposed of 9,429 
 delinquent cases and 9,350 dependent cases. Such a volume of wrong 
 doing and misfortune among the young condemns the parents of 
 Chicago. If the homes of the city produce nearly 5,000 cases a year 
 that get into court, how many thousand other cases are there of which 
 we hear nothing? 
 
 It is a pleasure to report that the work of this specialized court is 
 improving. In 1913 the cases tried resulted in only 9% per cent of 
 
 Forty-eight
 
 convictions. In 1916, of the last 124 cases presented to the grand jury, 
 seventeen were no-billed, 103 true-billed, sixty-seven tried and in forty- 
 eight cases a conviction was had, making a total of convictions of 
 seventy-one per cent. 
 
 State's Attorney Hoyne is responsible for tins improvement. Soon 
 after coming into office he discovered that the staff of fifty-three police 
 officers and eighty-one county probation officers was handling all these 
 cases without any attorney to direct them. There was no definite plan 
 of action from a legal standpoint. He put one of his assistants in 
 charge of all juvenile work ; arranged to have all cases where a juvenile 
 was complaining witness brought in the court of domestic relations, 
 making it possible for one officer to do the work more systematically 
 than four or five were then doing it; and put into the hands of another 
 officer, for specialized effort, all cases that were held to the grand jury. 
 Hoyne's object in these innovations was to permit a thorough investiga- 
 tion of each and every case prosecuted in that court, realizing that 
 without a systematic investigation by proper officers under a proper 
 head an unfortunate child might later become a hardened criminal. 
 
 The juvenile court now has about 125 officers assigned to districts. 
 Their work is to make investigation of homes. In many cases young 
 girls are found in houses of ill-fame or surrounded at home by evil 
 conditions. These are brought to the court and a new home found for 
 them or they are placed in a school. A child-placing depaitment finds 
 work for girls and an officer keeps in close touch with ea. h case so 
 placed. The same system is followed with boys, except that they are 
 placed on farms through the state. The widows' pension now cares 
 
 for all children where the father is dead or unable to work. 
 
 * * * 
 
 It is shocking to relate that not a month goes by in Chicago without 
 the grand jury being called upon to dispose of- at least fifty-six sex 
 cases in which the witnesses are young children. In this peculiarly 
 difficult work Hoyne has wrought many improvements. In March, 
 1915, he established a social service department to handle all sex 
 cases. It is in charge of Miss Laura Ebel, and Miss Frances Douglass 
 manages the field work. Girls are no longer, as heretofore, compelled 
 to relate their sex experiences to a man, usually an assistant state's 
 attorney, a most unsatisfactory arrangement. One of the women in 
 charge always appears in court with the child. The investigations are 
 very broad and thorough. They are made for the purpose of showing 
 fairness to the defendant as well as the prosecution. Many injustices 
 have been avoided through these investigations and by a proper 
 presentation of the evidence. 
 
 Every effort is made toward a speedy trial. . Young children tend 
 to forget such experiences and the idea is to allow them to go, forget 
 as soon as possible. A comfortable rest room has been provided and 
 children who are to appear as witnesses are kept here until called. 
 Formerly they were compelled to sit in court and listen to evidence 
 
 Forty-nine
 
 which at times was shockiug even to the most depraved. Where the 
 investigation shows that a conviction could not be secured the child 
 is not taken into court at all. That the children may not come in 
 contact with the general run of witnesses in the criminal court build- 
 ing, a special day has been set aside and designated as "Grand Jury 
 Children's Day." 
 
 CHAPTER XIII 
 Unspectacular Crime 
 
 In Which Improvement is Noted in the Punishment of 
 Quasi-Criminal Offenders 
 
 THE AVERAGE citizen has no idea as to the enormous amount 
 of crime of the unspectacular sort. Violent crime attracts the 
 attention because it is featured in the daily papers. But there 
 are thousands upon thousands of cases that are never mentioned but 
 which strike close to the homes of the people. 
 
 Perhaps the most spectacular of the unspectacular cases in recent 
 years was the failure of the La Salle Street Trust & Savings Bank and 
 its subsidiaries. This case received very great notoriety because of the 
 political prominence of the men involved. Otherwise it would have 
 aroused only a fleeting interest outside the circle of depositors. 
 
 The La Salle Street Trust & Savings failure was one of the most 
 serious in modern banking history. The total losses were in the 
 neighborhood of four million dollars. The victims were among the 
 people of average means, and were over 20,000 in number. Many 
 working people lost their entire savings of a lifetime, and numbers of 
 widows, heirs and legatees had their entire estates swept away. 
 
 As a result of the crash C. B. Munday, vice-president of the bank, 
 was sentenced to the penitentiary. William Lorimer was acquitted 
 by a jury. There is, as<a rule, little public interest in these unspectacular 
 cases, and so many political and other influences are brought to bear that 
 there are great chances of a failure of justice. The people should make 
 a point of following these prosecutions. 
 
 In commenting on the La Salle Street trials the Chicago Tribune 
 of October 27, 1914, said : 
 
 "State's Attorney Hoyne has taken up an unprofitable and thank- 
 less work in the prosecution of the bank looters. Unprofitable because 
 among those indicted are men of considerable political following, 
 which following may count at the polls upon some future day. Thank- 
 less because it is seldom that a public prosecutor obtains any public 
 acclaim for prosecution of crimes other than crimes of violence. 
 
 "The conviction of Munday should serve as a solemn admonition 
 that a man with hundreds of thousands or millions cannot go out and 
 
 Fifty
 
 rob the poor, the widows, the orphans or ihe dead, and go free, while 
 the bank clerk who steals $100, or the wild youth who becomes the 
 same kind of a criminal by taking $5 belonging to some one else goes 
 to the penitenitary as a crook." 
 
 Notwithstanding the lack of public interest, good results are being 
 secured in the punishment of unspectacular criminals. There were 
 tried, between April 1, 1915, and September 1, 1916, for instance, 451 
 misdemeanor cases in the municipal court, including such counts as 
 contributing to delinquency, contributing to dependency, bastardy and 
 seduction. Of this number only forty-two were discharged. No records 
 were kept prior to this period, but such figures as are available show that 
 before the last three years convictions did not run above forty per cent. 
 This fact is satisfying, for it shows that these offenders are much more 
 likely to pay for their misdemeanors than formerly. 
 
 The better results being obtained are due to the fact that the quasi- 
 criminal calendar which includes assault and battery cases and all 
 liquor cases brought in from the country towns is now being kept 
 clear. Three years ago an assistant state's attorney was assigned for 
 the first time exclusively to this work. 
 
 It had been the custom in the state's attorney's office and the 
 criminal court to allow several hundred of these cases to accumulate 
 and then place them on a quasi-criminal calendar before some judge in 
 the criminal court. Cases held over from a justice of the peace were 
 in some instances placed on a quasi-criminal calendar as long as six 
 months thereafter. In some bastardy cases there were delays of from 
 two to three years from the date of the birth of the child. The result 
 was that in most of the cases the prosecuting witnesses failed to appear 
 and in a number of cases neither the prosecuting witnesses nor the 
 defendants appeared, necessitating a forfeiture of the bond and an 
 additional expense to the county in the collection thereof. 
 
 Now, however, the cases are put on the call as soon as they are 
 held over and the witnesses are always present. 
 
 CHAPTER XIV 
 Maclay Hoyne 
 
 In Which a Tribute is Paid (to a Good American and a 
 Good Public Official 
 
 THE thing that strikes me first when I come into the presence 
 of this man Hoyne is what I would call his representativeness. 
 He is, from every point of view, an American. Into his making 
 have gone the blood and the ideals of the Celt and the Anglo- 
 Saxon, of the Protestant and the Catholic, of our own North and 
 South, and East and West. The history of his family has been, in 
 large part, the history of the nation and of the city of Chicago. Such 
 
 Fifty-one
 
 a man, it would seem to me should be in so far as is humanly pos- 
 sible above the prejudices of race, religion, section, faction and party. 
 He should be peculiarly well fitted to withstand those trials and tempta- 
 tions which the holding of public office entails in a republic as nowhere 
 else on earth. He should be, in person and performance, an expres- 
 sion of the best that the race is developing. 
 
 In explaining this representativeness of Hoyne I shall go back to 
 the great-grandfathers of the present state's attorney. Great-gram - 
 fathers count for less in America than anywhere else. But they do 
 bestow upon their progeny a sort of cumulating point of view. Who 
 can say, for instance, but that it was the great-gandfathers who laid 
 it upon Maclay Hoyne to renounce some $700,000 in fees other state's 
 attorneys have always taken them and to get a bill through the leg- 
 islature limiting all future public prosecutors to a $10,000 salary. 
 
 Three of the Hoyne great-grandfathers are of interest to Chicago. 
 The first of these is Thomas Hoyne, who, with his wife, fled the tyranny 
 of British government in Ireland in 1815 and landed penniless in New 
 York to start life afresh. The second is the Rev. Archibald Maclay, 
 a Baptist minister then stationed in New York. The third is Dr. John 
 Temple of Virginia. 
 
 The plot began when Great-grandfather Hoyne and his wife died 
 within a year of each other and left an eight-year son, Thomas Hoyne. 
 Little Tom, naturally, had up to that time been an attendant at the 
 parish school. But the law appointed as his guardian the Protestant 
 Dr. Maclay. 
 
 While Tom was growing up in the Maclay home, Dr. Temple, the 
 third great-grandfather, moved from Virginia to Chicago, bringing 
 his daughter Leonora. This was in 1833. Dr. Temple, according to 
 the Chicago Manual prepared by City Statistician Francis A. Eastman 
 all these facts I take from historical records was one of the thir- 
 teen original incorporators of the village of Chicago. He started the 
 first stagecoach line to connect Chicago with the settlements on the 
 Illinois, and built the house of worship occupied jointly by the original 
 congregations of the First Baptist and First Presbyterian churches. 
 His daughter was one of the first women baptized in Chicago, being 
 immersed in the lake. 
 
 Four years after the arrival of the Temples in Chicago Tom Hoyne 
 was moved to pack up his belongings and come to this western village. 
 One year after his arrival he married Miss Leonora Temple and, in 
 1840, became the first city clerk of Chicago under the municipal organi- 
 zation. It is interesting to note that the salary of the office was then 
 $250 per annum, with some trifling fees for licenses. But the work 
 was very light occuping only three or four hours in a week all the 
 records of the city, including proceedings of the board of aldermen 
 and tax rolls, with the public documents, being contained in one small 
 office desk. It is a fact, perhaps worthy of remembrance in a city 
 which now collects a general revenue tax of millions annually, that 
 
 Fifty-two
 
 the whole amount of the tax list of Chicago in 1840 was onry 
 $7,000. 
 
 From this small beginning Tom Hoyne became the "fighting Tom 
 Hoyne" of Chicago history, the Democratic mayor who saved to the 
 people such rights as they now enjoy on the lake front. He founded 
 Northwestern University School of Law and the chair in astronomy 
 in the old Chicago university, and was one of the big men of his day. 
 It is interesting to note that as United States district attorney for the 
 district of Illinois he was afterwards also United States marshal he 
 won his first case from Abraham Lincoln. 
 
 Tom Hoyne named his second son Thomas Maclay Hoyne. This 
 second son, as soon as he had reached manhood, went back on -a visit 
 to the Maclay family in New York and there married Miss Jeannie 
 Thomas Maclay. They became the parents of the present Maclay 
 Hoyne, state's attorney of Cook County, who thus inherited the Maclay 
 from both sides of the family. As befitted the teachings of old Dr. 
 Archibald, they were both good Baptists and members of Immanuel 
 congregation. Maclay Hoyne attended Immanuel Sunday School and 
 ended by marrying Miss Marie Jacobs, daughter of Benjamin Jacobs, 
 its superintendent. This was in 1897. The Hoynes now have two 
 children and live at 5136 Blackstone Avenue. 
 
 The state's attorney, in the fall of the present year, will be forty- 
 four years of age. He is a member of the University, Iroquois and 
 South Shore clubs, Delta Upsilon and Phi Delta Phi fraternities, and 
 the Law Club, the Legal Club and the Chicago Law institute. He 
 received his education in the Chicago pubic schools, Williams College 
 and Northwestern University School of Law. At, college he was a 
 member of the football team, playing halfback on the regular eleven 
 of both schools. At Williams he was on the track team, and for some 
 years held the college bicycle record for one mile. He added to the 
 record as a ball player. Always active and interested in athletic sports, 
 gifted alike with a sound mind and a sound body throughout his life, 
 Maclay Hoyne, both on the athletic field and in the courts of law, has 
 been an aggressive and fair fighter, and a man hard to beat. 
 
 Though young, Hoyne already has a long record of public service 
 of the sort that Chicago and the nation need. From the beginning 
 he showed exceptional legal talent. I would suggest heredity here 
 again, for he is the third generation of lawyers in two families. 
 
 From 1903 to 1905 Hoyne was assistant corporation counsel under 
 Mayor Harrison. From 1905 to 1907 he was first assistant corporation 
 counsel under Mayor Dunne, and later was special counsel for the 
 city of Chicago and for the city council committee on gas, oil, electric 
 light and telephone matters under Mayor Busse. From 1911 until 
 December, 1912, when he became state's attorney, he was first assistant 
 corporation counsel under Mayor Harrison. 
 
 In 1906 he drafted the present Chicago Telephone Company ordi- 
 nance, which reserves to the city the right to regulate telephone rates 
 
 Fifty-three
 
 every five years. He advised and conducted che litigation resulting 
 in the reduction of telephone rates from $175 to $125 a year for busi- 
 ness 'phones, and the payment by the telephone company to the city 
 of Chicago of about the sum of $300,000, together with a refund to 
 its subscribers of past excessive charges amounting to nearly $600,000. 
 The aggregate saving to telephone subscribers due to his efforts in 
 these proceedings was practically a million dollars. The case was 
 appealed to the supreme court of Illinois and finally won by the 
 state's attorney. 
 
 At the time of the decision in this case in 1906 the Chicago Tribune 
 said editorially : 
 
 "The supreme court has decided against the telephone company. 
 It holds that the corporation must abide by the ordinance, and can- 
 not increase rates because of improvements in service. It also holds 
 that territory annexed since the adoption of !he ordinance should enjoy 
 the rates presented in it. The toll stations in that territory must go. 
 It also decides that the company has been a common extorter, has 
 violated the ordinances, has been regardless of the people's rights, and 
 has had no respect for its contract obligations. It has been found 
 guilty of all these things. 
 
 "Will the company make restitution ? Will it .pay to the municipality 
 what it owes on account of business done by it in annexed territory?" 
 
 The company did then pay, and still is paying, and herein is proof 
 enough of the soundness of Hoyne's opinion. 
 
 Maclay Hoyne is the author of the present 70-cent gas ordinance, 
 and conducted the litigation for the city of Chicago against the Peo- 
 ple's Gas Company, which resulted in the immediate reduction of gas 
 rates from 85 cents to 80 cents, an annual saving to gas consumers of 
 a million dollars a year. The fight which he then started for 68-cent 
 gas is still in progress. 
 
 While first assistant corporation counsel under Mayor Harrison, 
 as counsel for the Chicago Harbor and Subway Commission, he 
 became the author of the ordinance creating several harbor districts. 
 He was secretary of the conference of the Chicago Bar Association 
 and State Bar Association for the reform of pleadings and procedure, 
 and has twice served as a member of grievance committees and once 
 on the Committee on Admissions of the Chicago Bar Association. 
 
 The high opinion in which he is held by the legal fraternity is 
 shown by the fact that, while a Democratic candidate, he has on two 
 different occasions been decisively endorsed by the Chicago Bar Asso- 
 ciation, which is conceded to be composed of not less than a three- 
 fourths Republican membership. 
 
 When it comes to his work as state's attorney I feel that I can 
 justly say that never before in the history of this office in Cook 
 County have the sterling traits of honesty, fearlessness and efficiency 
 been so strikingly exhibited. He has elevated the state's attorneyship 
 
 Fifty-four
 
 Fifty-five
 
 to a dignity and importance never before attained, and has made it 
 truly the bulwark of the people's rights and liberties. 
 
 He possesses in a high degree the attribute of moral courage, so 
 desirable but so often lacking in public prosecutors. He has demon- 
 strated in scores of prosecutions that he is fearless in the pursuit of 
 big criminals and the unearthing of organized crime, and he has been 
 relentless in the prosecution of its perpetrators, its protectors and its 
 more remote beneficiaries. The Hoyne record, on the other hand, is 
 not one of drastic, harsh, and relentless prosecutions. No public 
 official or private citizen, minister, priest or rabbi ever asked leniency 
 or mercy for the young, ignorant, poor or misguided first offender in 
 vain. It is to the habitual criminal and betrayers of public trusts alone 
 that a deaf ear has been turned. 
 
 The vast power entrusted to the state's attorney is known to all. 
 He alone is vested with the authority to institute proceedings involv- 
 ing the life and liberty of the citizen. While the abuse of this power 
 may become the greatest evil, its wise and orderly use against the 
 guilty is the only protection furnished by society to the innocent. 
 
 That this power has been wielded impartially and fearlessly by 
 Hoyne I know to be universally admitted by those who have access to 
 the facts. That it has been efficiently and wisely exercised is proved 
 by the number and character of convictions secured by him as com- 
 pared with those of his predecessors. 
 
 He is a believer in home rule and does not think that the state's 
 attorney should use his office to hamper the executive heads of the 
 different municipal branches of the county government in the honest 
 performance of their functions, or employ his power to force the indict- 
 ment, upon insufficient grounds, of his political opponents. In the 
 criminal court, as in the corporation counsel's office, I know his efforts 
 to have been directed, not against the personal, but against the public 
 enemy, and an ambition to leave behind him the record of a clean 
 administration, vigorously conducted and successfully concluded, is the 
 highest ideal of his life. 
 
 While the state's attorney has always been a good and active 
 Democrat he does not go to that degree of partizanship that unfits 
 many otherwise acceptable men for public office. I remember hearing 
 him say one day last winter : 
 
 "I regret that the existing election laws make it necessary for 
 candidates for state's attorney and other municipal officers to seek a 
 partisan nomination. National politics and policies, and politics gen- 
 erally, should have not the slightest connection with the office of 
 state's attorney. Since my election in 1912 I have conducted the 
 state's attorney's office on this theory." 
 
 While the Hoyne mind is essentially a legal mind, it has not that 
 machine-like coldness which is a defect of many brilliant intellects in 
 the professions. The state's attorney is capable of a very warm sym- 
 pathy. This, in my estimation, he showed very conclusively in July, 
 
 Fifty-six
 
 1915, when the strike on the surface and elevated railway lines had 
 paralyzed business and threatened to become an endurance test 
 between the car men and the companies. Arbitration was proposed, 
 and the strikers, in acknowledgement of the fact that Hoyne had 
 always proved himself a sincere and effective friend of labor and 
 honest unionism, asked him to act as their representative on the arbi- 
 tration board. This responsibility he accepted, though his friends 
 advised him that the chances of a favorable award were so slight that 
 he must almost surely hurt himself politically through an appearance 
 of indifference and inefficiency. The result of the arbitration, however, 
 was the best award that labor has ever received in this community. 
 
 As the author of this small book on Chicago's crime trusts, I sum 
 up my personal tribute to Maclay Hoyne with these two sentences : 
 
 His whole record shows that he can neither be cajoled, coerced nor 
 intimidated by improper influences, political or otherwise. 
 
 He is the man whom all criminals should fight to unseat and the 
 man all honest citizens should try to keep in power. 
 
 Figures Tell Hoyne's Success as State's Attorney 
 
 Convictions for Felonies 
 
 Former State's Attorney Healy 3J4 years 1,458 
 
 Former State's Attorney Wayman 3}4 years 1,039 
 
 State's Attorney Hoyne 3J4 years 1,917 
 
 Convictions for Misdemeanors 
 
 Former States' Attorney Healy 3J4 years 9,503 
 
 Former State's Attorney Wayman 3% years 17,988 
 
 State's Attorney Hoyne 3^4 years 40,048 
 
 Total Convictions for Felonies, Misdemeanors and Bastardy Cases 
 
 Former State's Attorney Healy 3^4 years 11,135 
 
 Former State's Attorney Wayman 3*4 years 19,255 
 
 State's Attorney Hoyne 3jk{ years 42,292 
 
 Earnings 
 
 Former State's Attorney Healy 3^4 years $116,392.70 
 
 Former State's Attorney Wayman 3}4 years 351,506.83 
 
 State's Attorney Hoyne 3^4 years 706,635.00* 
 
 *In connection with the earnings of the state's attorney's office, it should be 
 remembered that Hoyne is the first state's attorney to pay into the public treasury 
 the fees of the office, and that he secured a decision in the supreme court prevent- 
 ing all future state's attorneys from retaining- the fees of the office in addition 
 to the $10,000 salary provided for them by law. 
 
 Convictions of Corrupt Police Officers 
 
 Former State's Attorney Healy 3^4 years None 
 
 Former State's Attorney Wayman 3j4 years 1 
 
 State's Attorney Hoyne 3J4 years 5* 
 
 *Six others awaiting trial or forced out of department. 
 Organized Crime Trusts Destroyed 
 
 Former State's Attorney Healy 3 1 /$ years None 
 
 Former State's Attorney Wayman 3^4 years None 
 
 Fifty-seven
 
 State's Attorney Hoyne 3^4 years 9 
 
 Convictions of Members of Organized Criminal Trusts 
 
 Former State's Attorney Healy 3J4 years None 
 
 Former State's Attorney Wayman 3J4 years None 
 
 State's Attorney Hoyne 3^4 years 64 
 
 What Others Say of Maclay Hoyne 
 
 Prior to Hoyne's administration as state's attorney, the jail was always in 
 a crowded condition, and a large number of defendants always awaiting trial 
 on pending indictments. Hoyne has relieved this congested condition by 
 conducting his office in a business-like manner. This is verified by a report 
 of Jiulge George F. Parrett, acting- chief justice of the criminal court, to the 
 judges of the circuit and superior courts on June 10, 1916: 
 
 "The number of prisoners in the county jail awaiting trial is 
 smaller than it has been at any time in the last twenty-four years. 
 The number of indictments pending is smaller than at any time 
 during the same period." 
 
 ***** 
 
 THE CHICAGO BAR ASSOCIATION, in its report of January 14, 1914: 
 
 "The general com!uct of the business of the state's attorney's 
 office by Mr. lioyne is business-like and efficient. The care of 
 details and the checking of all expenditures shows improvement 
 over the system in vogue in former years. The personnel of the 
 assistants in the office is good. The trial staff are earnest, hard- 
 working lawye s. most of them young and energetic men, who 
 are doing -/^rv good work. Several are working nights and Sun- 
 days, a-Hi .Jiould be relieved of some of their duties." 
 ***** 
 
 ALFRED L iNRY LEWIS, famous journalist and author: 
 
 "Mr.clay Hoyne is honest in his very essence, iron to dis- 
 charge a duty, he will hold his position under hottest fire, and 
 never leave or lose a battle through any excess of hysteria or 
 thinness of skin. He is strong in controversy, sound in consulta- 
 tion, nvincible in argument, fertile in expedience." 
 ***** 
 
 CH T C A r-~ TRIBUNE, February 3, 1914: 
 
 !' r , Hoyne's fearlessness is well known." 
 ***** 
 
 CHICAGO POST, November 20, 1915: 
 
 "With the conviction of * * State's Attorney Maclay 
 
 Hoyne adds another memorable victory to his list of convictions. 
 Friends of Mr. Hoyne begin to hail him as the greatest district 
 attorney in the United States, and predict a brilliant political 
 future." ***** 
 
 CARTER H. HARRISON: 
 
 "No power on earth can ever swerve Maclay Hoyne from 
 doing his duty according to the dictates of his conscience. No 
 man or set of men, no interest or newspaper, will be able to give 
 him orders. The dominant quality of Maclay Hoyne's makeup is 
 his independence. 
 
 "He fought Chicago's fight against the great gas and telephone 
 corporations. It required rugged independence, strength of char- 
 acter and great ability to win for the people in those contests. 
 Hoyne won. That tells the story." 
 
 Fifty-eight
 
 CHICAGO HERALD, January 15, 1915: 
 
 "State's Attorney Hoyne's latest move against the car system 
 suggests that he counts that day lost whose low descending sun 
 doesn't see him start something new." 
 
 ***** 
 
 CHICAGO EXAMINER, January 3, 1916: 
 
 "Mr. Hoyne s official standing has been well established in 
 Cook County. He has shown himself to be fearless, competent, 
 energetic, and quite beyond the reach of those subtle influences 
 which so often seek to shackle prosecuting officers. He is 
 entitled to the praise of all the law-abiding people of Cook 
 
 County, regardless of party." 
 
 ***** 
 
 CHICAGO EXAMINER, May 21, 1913: 
 
 "He is the first really and truly honest State's Attorney that 
 
 has blessed this town for twenty years." 
 * * * * * 
 
 CHICAGO AMERICAN, May 26, 1913: 
 
 "Maclay Hoyne in office has a single client the People and 
 
 he is faithful to the interests of his client." 
 
 ***** 
 
 JUDGE KICKAM SCANLAN: 
 
 "This man is honest and above price. He possesses courage 
 of a high order. Improper influence, no matter how subtle, will 
 
 not affect him." 
 
 ****** 
 
 JUDGE MARCUS M. KAVANAGH: 
 
 "He has been ready to undertake the most unpopular prosecu- 
 tions the moment he believed they were right. He has not hesi- 
 tated to attack guilt, in no matter how high a place it stood 
 intrenched, and to bring down the guilty, no matter how power- 
 ful the influences that stood behind them. He seems to have no 
 friend to whom he is under obligation, save the law of the state 
 and nation, and no lamp for his feet save his oath of office." 
 
 Maclay Hoyne "County Attorney" 
 
 By Peter Reinberg 
 (President, Board of Commissioners of Cook County) 
 
 To the average Illinois citizen Cook County is Chicago; yet in the county 
 are no less than seventy-eight other cities and villages. Chicago is forty miles 
 from Elgin. Elgin is partly in Cook County. Outside Chicago are numerous 
 townships, containing 794 square miles, or 508,160 acres, with a population 
 nearly double that of any other county. Cook is not only the wealthiest 
 and most populous county, it also is a leading agricultural county. 
 
 In volume and consequence the county's legal business (exclusive of 
 criminal matters) is commensurate with its wealth, population and impor- 
 tance. Its law questions are as varied as its activities; as intricate as our 
 antiquated system of local government. County litigation often involves 
 immense sums of money. It is generally affected with vital public interest 
 as well. 
 
 Mr. Hoyne has attended to the county's legal affairs. No other state's 
 attorney ever did. He has done so without fee or reward. Moreover, to the 
 
 Fifty-nine
 
 service of the county and of its numerous officers, institutions and depart- 
 ments he has brought the ability of a careful, experienced and skillful munici- 
 pal corporation attorney. 
 
 Mr. Hoyne has served the county efficiently. The quality of his services, 
 his hearty co-operation and the manner in which the influence of his office has 
 been utilized for the public good are testified to by county officials generally. 
 
 For example, George E. Quinlan, county superintendent of highways, says: 
 
 "The highway department has had most efficient service from 
 its legal adviser; incidentally, it and the county are greatly 
 indebted to Mr. Hoyne for invaluable aid in behalf of good 
 roads." 
 
 Melville G. Holding, president of the county civil service commission, 
 has said: 
 
 "Not only has Mr. Hoyne been our efficient legal adviser, but 
 also his advice to this commission appears always to be founded 
 upon the correct principle stated in one of his opinions, as fol- 
 lows: 'All citizens who have the welfare of their country at heart 
 are agreed that the civil service act makes for good government. 
 * * * For this very reason care must be taken that no abuses 
 creep in under cover of the law which would impair its efficiency, 
 or, if countenanced and permitted, might lead to its repeal.' " 
 Statements to the same effect by other county officers might be multi- 
 plied; but the quality of Mr. Hoyne's services as county attorney is sufficiently 
 attested by the record. 
 
 This record is both interesting and voluminous. It is an enviable record 
 of corrected abuses, efficient achievement and impartial administration. 
 
 Nor does the record end here, for Mr. Hoyne, first of all state's attor- 
 neys, has kep^ his office open to all township and school officers without 
 expense to th^^n and without fee or reward to himself. Let us remember that 
 in the county, outside Chicago, there are twenty-nine supervisors, seventy- 
 five highway commissioners, twenty-nine town clerks, twenty-eight town 
 assessors (exclusive of deputies), twenty-nine town collectors, ninety-one jus- 
 tices of the peace, sixty-nine police magistrates, eighty-three constables, and 
 896 school officers total, 1,329. 
 
 When Hoyne Smashed the Arson Trust 
 
 CHICAGO DAY BOOK, October 6, 1915: 
 
 In January, 1913, State's Attorney Hoyne started a fight on 
 the arson trust of Chicago, and thereby hangs a tale of special 
 interest to every property owner who pays fire insurance. Every 
 paper in Chicago heralded a big slash in fire risk rates a short 
 
 time ago. The cost of fire protection dropped about one-third. 
 
 ***** 
 
 CHICAGO HERALD, September 11, 1915: 
 
 NEW LOW RECORD IN FIRE LOSSES SET BY CHICAGO 
 
 BOTTOM MARK FOR AUGUST OF ANY PREVIOUS YEAR 
 WAS ESTABLISHED LAST MONTH WITH $78,950 
 
 F'IRE-BUGS ARE ROUTED 
 
 The fire-bugs apparently have moved out of Chicago. Pos- 
 sibly they have gone to St. Louis. Anyway, the Mound City 
 police think so. * * * Whether the police are right or wrong, 
 
 Sixty
 
 Chicago's fire losses recently have been decreasing very rapidly 
 since the arson prosecutions by State's Attorney Hoyne. The 
 Chicago losses in the last five months are only 41 per cent of 
 what they were in the same period last year. * * * "I don't 
 remember a month when we did less fire-fighting than in Au- 
 gust," said Marshall O'Connor yesterday, as he "knocked wood." 
 If as good a showing can be made during the remainder 
 of the year, why not advertise Chicago because of its increasing 
 freedom from fires. 
 
 ***** 
 
 DAILY NEWS Editorial September 13, 1915: 
 
 "Persons who have given time and thought to the subject of 
 fire prevention will attach significance to the fact announced at 
 the tenth annual convention of the Fire Marshals' Association 
 of North America by Illinois Fire Marshal Walter H. Bennett, 
 that during the first half of 1915 losses by fire in Illinois were 
 $1,000.000 less than they were during the first half of 1914, and 
 
 that in 1914 they were $2,000.000 less than in the preceding year." 
 ***** 
 
 FIRE MARSHAL WALTER H. BENNETT, March 6, 1914: 
 
 "I wish especially to commend Maclay Hoyne and his assist- 
 ants for the able manner in which they have conducted the inves- 
 tigation of incendiary fires in Cook County. The people are for- 
 tunate in having an official of such unquestionable ability and 
 character." * * * * * 
 
 CHICAGO INTER OCEAN Editorial March 22, 1913: 
 "WHO PAYS FIRE LOSSES? 
 
 "State's Attorney Hoyne and his assistants are doing some 
 excellent and sorely needed work toward the repression of the 
 arson industry in this community. The men now under arrest 
 and to be arrested must, of course, be presumed innocent until 
 proved guilty. 
 
 "Arson is a crime notoriously hard to prove to convist men 
 of committing to bring to due punishment. Incendiary fires 
 often destroy the means of their origin, and the evidence is 
 largely circumstantial. But the influence which most often per- 
 mits to escape punishment' men guilty of incendiary fires is the 
 widespread public delusion about who pays for fire losses. 
 
 "The only way to get lower insurance rates is to have fewer 
 fires. The insurance companies must collect from the public 
 every cent they pay out for losses. They have no other place 
 to get it. And rates are based on losses. Lower rates result 
 from fewer losses and fewer losses result from fewer fires. And 
 the more men guilty of arson sent to the penitentiary the fewer 
 will be the fires, the fewer the losses and the lower the rates." 
 
 Gunmen Convicted By Hoyne 
 
 SENT TO PRISON FOR ROBBERY WITH A GUN: 
 
 6083, James Kirkpatrick; 6083, Edward Starr; 6083, Albert Ebekson; 
 5949. William Dickman: 6168. Louis Kasper; 6168, Dan Kilcummings; 6413. 
 Joseph O'Shea; 6413, Clarence Schneider; 6343, Edward Short; 6134, John 
 Culp: 6554, Henry Jensen: 6880, Joseph Blank: 6704, Fred Reggentineo: 6849, 
 William Woods; "6533, Harry O'Neill: 6533. William O'Halloran; 7045, Denny 
 J. Cossey; 7045, Charles Burton; 7227, Sam Borsok; 6473, James Tribble; 
 
 Sixty-one
 
 7060, Robert Starr; 7209, William Sudds; 7542, Otis Webb; 3225, Frank 
 Brodie; 7480, Edward O. Dorman; 7480, Frank Hartman; /480, Louis Smith; 
 7479 Harry Lollingsworth; 7494, William O'Leary; 7771, Kelly Doly; 7947, 
 David O'Connell; 7947, Eugene Solome; 8263, Harry Kramer; 8263, Charles 
 Kramer; 8263, Harry Fein; 8263, Alexander Brodie; 7759, Luke Ward; 7759, 
 Robert McCann; 8325, John McElroy; 8325, Herbert Robinson; 8325, Frank 
 Williams; 8447, Frank Kelly; 8447, Tony Campagna; 8031, Charles Bennett; 
 7873, Martin McMahon; 7873, John McMahon ; 8554, George Martin; 8473, John 
 Parilla; 8473, Harry Waller; 9051, Leo Smith; 9105, Fred Hoffman ; 9132, John 
 Moore; 8522, William Hunter; 8522, Joseph Johnson; 9111. Frank Zopt; 8976. 
 George Williams; 99958, James Ryan; 99958, James Harris; 100123, Martie Heine; 
 100314, Peter Gorski; 100475, James Perry; 1C0689, Thomas Burke; 100689, 
 Claude Rose; 100624, Frank Haskins; 100783, Charles S. Wood; 100624, 
 Clarence Mc^'urray; 100624, Harry Wright; 100658, Peter Jensen; 100658, 
 Harry Evans; 99286, Ernest Caprietti; 101755, William Dowd; 1273, Louis 
 Ewe; 1440, Adolph Newetz; 1086, John Lipowski; 1775, Thomas Cunning- 
 ham; 2094, Robert Wood; 1961, Post Delmas; 2171, Anton Zelewsky; 1636, 
 John McCullough; 2171, Mike Kobus; 2085, Lawrence Foley; 1731, Francise 
 Inadolino; 2268, Harry Galvin; 2634, William Hamilton; 2634, Joseph Bern- 
 stein; 2634, James McAlery; 1986, Michael Moore; 2334, Frank Spry; 2993, 
 George Barr; 2993, Jack Boes; 2993, John McNabb; 2808, James Klein; 2808, 
 Charles Walters; 2972, James Burns; 2972, Leslie Kennedy; 2817, Lee. 
 Werdell; 2815, William Gills; 3259, William Daniels; 3259, Fred Jackson; 
 3066, John Lowe; 2850, Clem Chester; 2850, Max Bremer; 3391, William 
 Fussey; 3267, James Howard; 3513, William Dean; 2978, Edward O'Brien; 
 3059, George Jaeger; 3743, Mortus Butler; 3410, Dave Feeley; 3662, Fred 
 White; 3613, Lloyd Goodrich; 3613, Eddie Connors; 3620, Emil Johnson; 
 3432, Charles Roberts; 3414, Jesse Goore; 4248, Dolphus Brown; 3846, 
 Edward Rahn; 3831, Paul Springer; 4441, Fred Mulbach; 4441, Carl Futzel; 
 4313, Harry Wilson; 4313, Carl Nixon; 4315, Morril Crane; 4452, Otto Kep- 
 nick; 4452, Emil Kepnick; 1908, John Smith; 9386, John Gasper; 4451, Anton 
 Chnelik; 4451, Mike Kallas; 4326, John Murphy; 4326, George Triantopolla; 4538. 
 John Antalek; 4538, John Solpis; 4545, John Antolek; 4326, Russell Edwards; 
 4326, George Raymond; 4321, Thomas King; 4532, Charles McBride; 4689, Will- 
 iam Williams; 4514, Andrew Murrin, 4108, Matthew White; 4108, John Robar; 
 9867, William Marshall; 9867, John Redmond; 4109, Charles Askin ; 4826, Robert 
 Schnenk; 4826, Harry R. Baker; 5068. Arthur Brown; 5068, Frank Walker; 
 4925, Henry Pettisch ; 4923, George Niacarris; 4967, James Ryan; 4989, George 
 Smith ; 4989, Ormond Westgate ; 5245, Alonzo A. Holbert ; 5240, Walter Chamski ; 
 5561, Charles Percy; 5196, Frank Pasieta; 5168, Kiyus Rosenthal; 5168, Charles 
 Boomund; 5393, Harry Woods; 5767. John Young; 5766, Chris Klein; 5343. Nels 
 Inglebritsen ; 5541, Tony Diamond; 5575, Thomas Wardell; 5444, Clyde McCosky; 
 5527, Edward Krenheller ; 5576, James Sullivan ; 340, Joseph Constantino ; 5976. 
 John Neimec; 5820, John Ford; 5820, Thomas Ford; 6016. Henry Thomas; 5518, 
 William Hartnett; 5518, Frank Monroe; 5408, Frank Heller; 5408, Thomas Innes; 
 5569, Herbert Ramsden; 5515, Arthur Domrose; 99628, Michael La Porta; 
 100253, Samuel Doty; 2175, Tony Post; 1965, Tony Di Giorgi; 2368, Anton 
 Swanson; 2367, Joseph Swager; 3858, John Borcher; 3822, Lewis Lasert; 5162, 
 Luther E. Widen; 5365, Robert Thomas; 4266, Walter J. Raus; 5267, William 
 Richardson; 5985, Ohan Virknickon; 4977, John Strobl; 6383, Thomas Mastursi; 
 6174, George F. Keller; 6166, Edward Jones; 6239, George H. Britain; 6532, 
 Andrea Ma/zitilli; 7106, Cosina Arciszewski; 7325, James Ryan; 7761. Oliver 
 Bennett; 8563, Angelo Santucci: 8728, Frank Crowley; 9099, Thomas Clark; 
 100089, Joe Williams; 100089, George Kebler: 99994. Clifford Fail: 100245. 
 Stanley Rychlewski: 100245. Theodore Zamira? 100350, John Foley; 100689, 
 Thomas Burke: 100787, Benjamin Wilhelm: 100444. Walter Scott: 8363, 
 Harley Carter; 8244, Albert Lewis; 8561, William Brown; 8473, Edward 
 
 Sixty-two
 
 Brown; 8628, Lafor Fisher; 8652, Max Smalek; 9051, Michael Riley; 9193, 
 Harry E. Hall; 9111, Harry Kirk; 8052, Howard O'Hara; 9156, Charles 
 Wenzloff; 9432, Levi Lounz; 9087, John Slawinski; 9087, Peter Pawelsky; 
 7540, Joseph Kelly; 7540, Joseph Miller; 6332, John Foley; 6866, Daniel 
 Reilly; 6866, Peter Sassnick; 8052, Robert Luby; 8052, Russell Gregory; 
 8052, Frank Teall; 8030, Frank Burda; 8192, Charles L. Tuiny; 8192, A. W. 
 Von Brandt; 7984, William Bailey; 8405, Pat Holden; 8179, Frank Walzak; 
 8325, John McElroy; 8248, Maynor Johnson; 8049, Edward Kadza; 8049, 
 Edward Haley; 8049, Harry Grening; 8058, Sidney Maguire; 8517, James 
 Desondro; 8517, Laddie Kavorik; 101345, Ira Lentz; 100840, Albert Boer; 
 1273, Harold Bowling; 1086, John Platka; 1086, Walter Klazywski; 2095. 
 Leslie Moore; 1879, .Martin Ryan; 2190, Ansel Cobb; 2190, Lawrence Ray- 
 born; 1986, John Burke; 2866, Louis Schneider; 2858, David Kreider; 2858, 
 Varol Lunell; 3556, Sherman M. Schoene; 3606, John Crossings; 2369, 100840, 
 Albert Boer; 4212, 4211, 4255, 4256, Henry Fernekes; 4441, Thomas Devlin; 
 4313, 4315, Lawrence Halvey; 5114, John Finnelly; 4925, John Egglebrechl: 
 4185, Fred Feulner; 5426, George Colbeck; 5423, Edward Jordan; 5428, Joe 
 Green; 5763, Patrick J. Fahey; 5637, George White; 6168, Fred Nelson; 6332, 
 Edward Burns; 6332, Ray Mahan; 6672, Frank Jackson; 6394, William 
 Hickey; 6672, Newton Florence; 6880, Dan Shapiro. 
 
 Comment on Hoyne's Battle with Police Crime Heads 
 
 CHICAGO HERALD Editorial August 12, 1915: 
 
 A FAIR TRIAL; A JUST VERDICT 
 
 The conviction of two more police officers on charges of 
 "graft" emphasizes the fact that such practices are growing 
 more and more dangerous in Chicago. A few more such signal 
 vindications of the power of the law to reach and punish such 
 malefactors should go far toward eliminating the last remnants 
 of the vicious system. 
 
 CHICAGO EXAMINER, December 16, 1915: 
 
 Chicago differs from most other American cities that have 
 had to deal with the faithless police officials. Here the ordinary 
 processes of law have been found sufficient, under the state's 
 attorney's able guidance, to destroy a treasonable conspiracy 
 against the ends of justice and to bring the conspirators, without 
 regard to their former station, one by one, within the peniten- 
 tiary's shadow. * * * This necessary purging of the police 
 department is in the interest of every member of the force who 
 is mindful of his oath of office, and whose integrity is proof 
 against the wiles of the criminal element. It is also vitally essen- 
 tial to the community's welfare and peace of mind. Chicago's 
 police force is overwhelmingly made up of honest men, and this 
 applies to all ranks, from the humblest patrolman up to the 
 higher officials. It is imperative for the maintenance of real 
 discipline on the force, and for the safety of the great body of 
 citizens whose lives and property are literally dependent upon 
 police protection, that traitors should be weeded out. The 
 police protection, that traitors should be weeded out. 
 ***** 
 
 On June 28, 1915, the Citizens' Association addressed a letter to Maclay 
 Hoyne, in part as follows: 
 
 On account of the constant temptation which successive 
 mayors of Chicago have seldom resisted, to use the police 
 department as a political machine; and on account of the great 
 
 Sixty-three
 
 temptation in the line of "graft" which besets police officers, 
 there is a constant and powerful tendency toward laxity of 
 discipline and inefficiency in that department 
 
 Being to some extent aware of the demoralization which has 
 prevailed in certain portions of the police department, we are in 
 a position to fully appreciate the great importance of the work 
 which you have been doing in the direction of exposing and 
 punishing policemen who have furnished protection to criminals. 
 We especially congratulate you upon the recent conviction of 
 police officers formerly connected with the Maxwell Street 
 Station, as the Citizens' Association had, prior to the indictment 
 of those policemen, learned of facts which convinced us that 
 the police administration in that part of the city was devoted 
 rather to the protection of criminals than to the prevention of 
 crime. 
 
 We believe that by driving crooked policemen out of the 
 police department and herding them into the penitentiary, where 
 they properly belong, you are performing a notable service. 
 ***** 
 
 CHICAGO EXAMINER, May 20, 1913: 
 
 Whitman in New York and Hoyne in Chicago have demon- 
 strated that an honest man in the state's attorney's office can 
 crush any such conspiracy. 
 CHICAGO HERALD, July 25, 1914: 
 
 The public is tired of the old way of playing the game. 
 Henceforth the rewards of public place and confidence are going 
 to be more and more for the man who plays it on the theory 
 that energy, efficiency and public spirit are the main things to 
 
 be considered. 
 CHICAGO EXAMINER Editorial June 16, 1915: 
 
 Of all the cases that come to a prosecutor, the most difficult 
 are those concerning police officials. Their positions give them 
 a power over the criminals with whom they deal, and politics, 
 plays its part in suppressing evidence and getting witnesses out 
 of the way. The outcome of the trials shows that, however diffi- 
 cult, the cleaning up of a city police department is not impos- 
 sible. One by one the old time crime brokers and privilege 
 sellers are being driven from behind the barricades that used to 
 be deemed impregnable. The power of pull and politics, the 
 hold on the strings that used to move courts and criminals alike 
 to the -aid of the threatened tenderloin czar, have been broken. 
 The new order of things is due largely to the efforts of State's 
 Attorney Hoyne, who cast aside the political leading strings that 
 formerly held the prosecutor's office to the work of convicting 
 
 only such thieves and thugs as lacked both money and influence. 
 ***** 
 
 CHICAGO TRIBUNE October 20, 1914 Editorial: 
 
 I want it understood that I am thoroughly in earnest about 
 what I said yesterday. Since I have been in office I have not 
 indulged in idle boasts and when I said that the present detective 
 bureau was an organization of crooks I meant it, and I will prove 
 it. State's Attorney Hoyne. 
 
 If State's Attorney Hoyne means what he here is quoted as 
 saying, if he intends to go ahead without fear or favor, especially 
 favor, for there is no doubt of Mr. Hoyne's pluck, he will do a 
 memorable service to this community. 
 
 Sixty-four
 
 ;fter its! touting, Cfje 8ttoell 
 printing & Ptnbtng Company 
 get tljc type anb bib ttjc prcssmorfe 
 anti btntimg; tfje ^iticraft Cngratring 
 Company mabe tfje ijalftonejs anfc 
 tlje color plated; George 183. Jfrenclj 
 ticstgncti anb executeb tfje cobet anb 
 tften tfje book toasf isisfueb unber tfje 
 superbteion of Cfjamberlm 
 
 294