016.301451 Un33b UNITED STATES NA¬ TIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORD SERVICE I ELACK STUDIES % ‘' 9 : ■ ? • •* • t . f uft. ^ 4ii Wi^tF K J^' ^ - Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign https://archive.org/details/blackstudiesseleOOunit Select Catalog of National Archives and Records Service Microfilm Publications The Library of the NOV 2 7 1973 Univefsity or tiiinuis at Urbana-Champaign Black Studies National Archives and Records Service General Services Administration Washington: 1973 RICHARD NIXON President of the United States ARTHUR F. SAMPSON Administrator of General Services JAMES B. RHOADS Archivist of the United States Cover Photograph: Frederick Douglas (18177-1895). Legg Collection of Gilt Still Pictures. 200S-FL-22 in the National Archives Building. Select Catalog of National Archives and Records Service Microfilm Publications Black Studies National Archives and Records Service General Services Administration Washington: 1973 Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 73-600189 73-48 c O \ L >-^0 14 ^. Foreword The General Services Administration, through the National Archives and Records Service, is responsible for administering the permanently valuable noncurrent records of the Federal Government. These archival holdings, now amounting to more than 1 million cubic feet, date from the days of the First Continental Congress and consist of the basic records of the legislative, judicial, and executive branches of our Government. The Presidential libraries of Herbert Hoover, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, and Lyndon B. Johnson contain the papers of those Presidents and of many of their associates in office. These research resources document significant events in our Nation’s history, but most of them are preserved because of their continuing practical use in the ordinary processes of government, for the protection of private rights, and for the research use of scholars and students. To facilitate the use of these materials our archivists prepare various kinds of finding aids that describe their nature and content. The present work is one such publication. We believe that it will be of value to anyone who wishes to use the records it describes. ARTHUR F. SAMPSON Administrator of General Services Preface Many records of high research value have been reproduced on microfilm as a form of publication by the National Archives and Records Service (NARS). Negative microfilm is retained by NARS and used for making positive prints, sold at moderate price. The chief purposes of the microfilm publication program are to make archival sources more easily accessible to libraries, research centers, and scholars and to ensure that valuable information will not be lost if the records themselves are destroyed. Although begun in 1940, the microfilm publication program was not firmly established until 1948 when a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation accelerated microfilm production and ensured the continuance of the program through the establishment of a revolving fund. By January 1971 approximately 100,000 rolls of master negative microfilm had been completed. The microfilm publications available for purchase are briefly described in a catalog of NARS microfilm publications in preparation, of which this catalog represents a select portion. In addition^to its extensive microfilm publication program, NARS publishes numerous finding aids that describe extensively the records in the National Archives of the United States, including a comprehensive guide to the records in the National Archives in the United States that is in preparation. A guide devoted to one geographical ^rea—Guide to Materials on Latin America in the National Archives (1961)—has been issued. A revised and expanded version is currently in preparation. Reference information papers, which analyze records in NARS on such subjects as transportation, small business, and the Middle East, have been published. Records of the Civil War are described in Guide to Federal Archives Relating to the Civil War (1962), Guide to the Archives of the Government of the Confederate States of America (1968), and Civil War Maps in the National Archives (1964); those of World War I, in Handbook of Federal World War Agencies and Their Records, 1917-21 (1943); and those of World War II, in the two-volume guide Federal Records of World War II (1950-51). Genealogical records are listed in Guide to Genealogical Records in the National Archives (1964). Cartographic records are described in Guide to Cartographic Records in the National Archives (1971). JAMES B. RHOADS Archivist of the United States IV Contents Page Introduction.1 Records of District Courts of the United States (Record Group 21) 3 Records of the United States General Accounting Office (Record Group 217) 5 General Records of the Department of State (Record Group 59).7 Records of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (Record Group 101) 11 Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, 1780’s-1917 (Record Group 94).13 General Records.25 Records of the Office of the Judge Advocate General (Army) (Record Group 153) 27 Records of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (Record Group 105) 29 Records of the Office of the Secretary of the Interior (Record Group 48).65 Naval Records Collection of the Office of Naval Records and Library (Record Group 45) 69 Records of the Bureau of the Census (Record Group 29).71 V ' it'" 't.«t 4 4 J , .< %i V ‘ • ( V. , . v .,• , ,v fc.|« ,, - wi,\ "'f,;.. X ‘■.'r'{>, > I (iH ,'i ., • i* * . m,^.» Mt#- »)! I »-:44ri Tiitl' < I, f . n r( 4 ^-‘ 4 -.. »><;„■ rjw,* •.,• '»► It ■* . ij, \* jSr> , I, s <► ' tr •>»*<'ii^ni t ttfiOT' ■A i(v V , __ ■■ .imHK *-, ■'-Wti'l . j ■7i»"0<.,'v»s)^*-^ ' » «. n . »4 - 'tA , . t ,:i'--F- --.i , ♦ '.'•t t • • iOl 'nnllt>6scfc#'3' ■ ’bf*® ' ' - » '■• . I ' ’ .:v. .*..^4 ....i,,., ^Va. . , .,, v;^. ;f 5^^, FT- , ^L4f ■i»'. «, .,,.J ■ .oVv;iyU^,.VM.n !'|brtM4aK»+,lin<:4iA^frj^"M^ .‘V Jy ■'. \t^v . . .... ,.^ .V*-?! , ♦V . ^ j .T ' ‘ :'',£*» " 'V j u... •„ iwja { * >1 I »t/,? Nil/ . (*i .•/ ... _ - t tif* *>** V> '>•5 , I ^ ■ '’M< J S' ? « :( ="it. 4 li^ s>f- #' \ vt '• k J i! .iffi Introduction This catalog is designed to acquaint researchers with the more important material available within the National Archives and Records Service (NARS) microfilm publications program relating to the history of American blacks. It is a selection of such material, not a comprehensive listing. Only material that constitutes an entire roll of film or more has been listed. Records series that relate exclusively or predominantly to blacks are described in considerable detail, with an introduction giving the background of the records and a history of the agency that created the records and a full roll listing. Two series of a more general nature have been included in this catalog, as they contain significant information relating to the topic. In both cases detailed roll listings are not included. The first such series, general records of the Department of State, lists the places and dates of service of black diplomats, followed by a summary of the related records on microfilm. It also lists two other microfilm publications within the diplomatic correspondence that contain material on the suppression of the slave trade and the Southern States’ “Negro Seasmen’s Acts.” These records are described in greater detail, with roll lists, in a catalog of NARS microfilm publications that is in preparation. The other series, records of the Bureau of the Census, briefly lists related census records. These records are described in detail, with roll lists, in Federal Population Censuses, 1790-1890 (1971). This catalog follows the same organizational scheme used in the less detailed catalog of NARS microfilm publications in preparation. No attempt is made in this catalog to cover the records that have not yet been microfilmed These textual records have been described in Elaine C. Bennett, Calendar of Negro-Related Documents in the Records of the Committee for Congested Production Areas in the National Archives (1949), and Paul Lewinson, A Guide to Documents in the National Archives: For Negro Studies (1947). Peter D\ii%t\ 2 Ln,Handbook of American Resources for African Studies (1967), p. 59-98, also describes textual records in the National Archives of the United States. National Archives Select Audiovisual Records leaflet Negro Art from the Harmon Foundation (1973) lists representative works of black artists in the collection of photographic copies of artworks donated to the National Archives and Records Service by the Harmon Foundation. This guide was compiled by Stephen E. Hannestad and Claudine J. Weiher with assistance from Robert Clark and Sara D. Jackson, and the many archivists who wrote pamphlets describing the microfilm publications listed herein. Prices and terms of sale: Positive prints of the microfilm listed may be purchased at the prices quoted. Prices are subject to change without advance public notice. The price includes postage or shipping costs on orders to the United States, Mexico, or Canada and on small orders sent to other foreign countries. Orders for more than 40 rolls of microfilm for delivery to other foreign countries are subject to an additional 5 percent shipping charge. There are no discounts for quantity orders. Orders should be submitted on GSA Form 6784, Microfilm Order (copies appear at the end of this catalog), or on institutional or commercial purchase order forms. To enable efficient processing, orders should include correct microfilm publication number, roll number, and price. Other information, such as title or date, is not needed. Additional microfilm order forms will be furnished on request. Generally, advance payment must accompany each order. Payments should be made by check or money order, not cash. Payments from outside the United States should be made by international money order or check drawn in U.S. dollars on a bank in the United States. Make payments payable to National Archives Trust Fund (NATS) and mail to Cashier, National Archives (GSA), Washington, DC 20408. The National Archives can provide enlargements from the microfilm copies. Prices will be furnished on request. State and local government agencies, educational institutions, and commercial firms may place orders of $25 or more on an accounts receivable basis. Statements are rendered after shipment on Federal Government billing forms. Accounts more than 90 days overdue are subject to late payment charges of up to 6 percent per year. Purchasers requiring special billing (institutional forms or notarization) must indicate their special requirements when submitting 1 2 INTRODUCTION orders and must complete special forms before submitting them to GSA for signature. When special billing requirements and forms are not submitted with the original order, there is an additional $5 service charge. ^ ^ Correspondence concerning the National Archives microfilm publications program (other than purchase orders) should be addressed to: Publications Sales Branch (NATS). National Archives (GSA)! Washington, DC 204^ ^ Microfilm may be purchased by the individual roll or by the publication. 1 Records of District Courts of the United States (R ecord Group 21) Records of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia Relating to Slaves, 1851-1863. M433. 3 rolls. $21 On the three rolls of this microfilm publication are reproduced aU the records relating to slavery in the District of Columbia that were kept by the U.S. Circuit Court for the District of Columbia. These unbound records include emancipation papers, 1857-63, manu¬ mission papers, 1851-63, and case papers relating to fugitive slaves, 1851-63. On April 16, 1862, Congress passed an act “for the Release of certain Persons held to Service or Labor in the District of Columbia.” Section 2 of the act required that owners claiming compensation for freed persons of African descent were to file schedules of their slaves by July 15, 1862. Section 3 provided for the appointment of three commissioners to investigate claims for compen¬ sation by former owners of slaves that were freed in the District of Columbia and to decide claims for freedom filed by persons of African descent living in the District. A supplementary act, July 12, 1862, permitted schedules to be filed by slaves whose former owners had neglected to file, and it granted freedom to slaves whose owners lived outside the District of Columbia and who were employed within the District with the owners’ con¬ sent after April 16, 1862. The emancipation papers consist of these schedules, usually with notes giving dates when certificates of freedom were issued to former slaves. The manumission papers, 1851-63, record the voluntary freeing of slaves by their owners and in general they consist of schedules similar to those in the emancipation papers. Included in the court’s records are a series of papers relating to fugitive slaves, 1851-63. Many of these cases contain only the warrants for arrest and others contc i papers relating to proof of ownership. 1. Emancipation papers resulting from the act of Apr. 16, 1862, A-L.$7 2. Emancipation papers resulting from the act of Apr. 16, 1862, M-Y.7 3. Emancipation papers resulting from the act of July 12, 1862; manumission papers, 1857-63; and fugitive slave case papers, 1851-63 .7 3 ■•:- ... - {l"^' ' » , :iiiMiiiV#jl«iiU4 c; i i /a; ■ *4^>t h/‘ '“'I* i'’' ■•■'Afrt*(t lo utto'^n IMlItKI (t* fjijiatil. U•‘*iH.> 't - •i1» iyj(p>-' ‘••lf»».M. r &t V>l4|t ■■ (nr :vlu> H> Hl^lilC} t«e' 9TilZ)uw •■ ■nri.i •. i4t.. JlO MO ttijfH fr's •j.'i'Mn’* »x- .. Iv^ *>^ twjA ' v,rV' I*<•-■<* ,Ki'it|vq|l|l V •T'.'i v; ♦<»» < '\ fn trM*'mn - lih • ,*vy - - 'ti»t if i »••«'.* rw*T^ I -^t' .u<* ,'ntf‘:|i;' fliUt'irb*V* iBIr^ * ' ■ ■ •** ift -I’f •^•**<•’'^ 1V;*{» - ^ ^‘f‘- ' • • U, . - fu < fit Sltmlt uf ^t^^S *. ^ 4 )-«r i Utf-m ^ ^4^ V . { ^^^J 'Tjrrft »-»» iiMVi«f# I# V^*v •j*!#*?'. (■•'-* ’jCf? •jn .•-* «Ml r-< f»'iMI«\«^ aritt^bcwM . I .ft . .V . V* *'^ t»J4 oiC>il^>>)'*»«'r*9CJ7i»«‘»(|S3’<»'»l .t r,. . - .fnl* /a*n"4l jitufM J44t r.. . (!'• i>'Ti;;;|«iT«t«. ■? -vtv «>.* tii. »“tl Vl* K' nwCf™ r-r. » ^^4 -.,1 -;y • ■ »>.'* *'fii u I ?i< '‘!m{ ^ 'irt < • x'wi I,' /n ■::;j iH9««> • -}♦ J.** >C> t " 14 “ ' » •Ul»i'! •hi*)*#,! * ?(Vj*,.v>(i.r.-. ■'.i||i! VS' M«w mjj \ ‘itfi S4? f’^^].•'»ll I.!» 411 ^iiijs T*f Wi’* ' \ x5 i |n iiaj4-*^ ‘^S|’ L,vs»iti .'ill \\ .i.» «rrvi»'i|5d4;{f I# ') t>,4i irtoiivr.'«i.ni4c >'* i;i 4 n4 . Records of the United States General Accounting Office (Record Group 217) Records of the Board of Commissioners for the Emanci¬ pation of Slaves in the District of Columbia, 1862-1863. M520. 6rolls. $41* On the six rolls of this microfilm publication are reproduced three bound volumes and a number of unbound records of the Board of Commissioners for the Emanicpation of Slaves in the District of Columbia, 1862-63. The records were transmitted to the First Auditor of the Treasury Department in 1866 by F. E. Spinner, Treasurer of the United States, who, on the recommendation of the First Comptroller of the Treas¬ ury Department, had been designated as the agent for the payment of monies awarded by the Board of Commissioners. An act of April 16, 1862, abolished slavery in the District of Columbia. Under section 3 the President was authorized to appoint a board of three commissioners, who were residents of the District, to examine petitions for compensation from former owners of freed slaves in the District. Pursuant to this act, Daniel R. Goodloe, Horatio King, and Samuel F. Vinton were appointed; in June 1862, however, John M. Broadhead was appointed to replace Vinton. A clerk of the circuit court served as clerk of the Board. An act of July 12, 1862, provided that petitions could be received from slaves whose owners had not presented petitions for compensation. The petitions received under this act were filed separately from those received under the act of April 16 and are reproduced on roll 6 of this microfilm publication. The records of the Board include the following items: (1) A bound volume comprising the minutes of the meetings of the Board of Commissioners, dated April 28, 1862-January 14, 1863, arranged chronologically by date of session. A name and subject index is at the front of the volume. (2) A bound volume containing a record of petitions filed under the act of April 16, 1862, dated April 29-July 15, 1862, showing the date the petition was filed, the number of the petition, the name of the petitioner, the names of slaves, and the value of slaves as claimed in the petition. Arranged chronologically and *Indicates that a phamphlet describing the microfilm publication is available from the Publications Sales Branch. thereunder by petition number. An index by name of petitioner is at the front of the volume. (3) A bound docket book kept by the Board, dated April-December 1862, relating to the petitions filed under the act of April 16, 1862, showing the number of the petition, the name of the claimant, and a summary of the action taken. Arranged by petition number. An index is at the front of the volume. (4) An unbound surhmary list of amounts awarded to claimants who filed petitions under the act of April 16, 1862, showing the number of the petition, the name of the claimant, the number of servants, the amount awarded by the Board, and the signature of the claimant. Arranged by petition number. (5) An unbound final report by the Board of Commissioners to the Secretary of the Treasury, dated January 14, 1863. Accompanying this narrative report are three tabular statements: table A, a list of petitions presented to the Board under the act of April 16, 1862, arranged chronologically, and an alphabetical list of claimants; table B, a list of petitions filed under the act of July 12, 1862, arranged chronologically; and table C, an alphabetical list of claimants who would have been eligible for awards if their petitions had been filed before the deadline. (6) Unbound petitions filed with the Board of Commissioners pursuant to the acts of April 16, 1862, and July 12, 1862. The petitions filed under the first act were numbered consecutively as they were received by the Board and are arranged numerically. Those filed under the second act were not numbered and are arranged chronologically. All records of the Board that are listed above, except for the petitions, are reproduced on roll 1 of this microfilm publication. The petitions are reproduced on rolls 2-6. Because the accounting records relating to the activi¬ ties of the Board provide no additional infomiation of value, they have not been reproduced in this microfilm publication. 1. Minutes of the meetings, Apr. 28, 1862-Jan. 14, 1863; records of petitions filed, Apr. 29- July 15, 1862; docket book, Apr.-Dec. 1862; summary list of awards; final report of the Board of Commissioners, Jan. 14, 1863 .$7 5 6 SELECT MICROFILM PUBLICATIONS: BLACK STUDIES 2. Petitions filed under the act of Apr. 16,1862: Nos. 1-200 . 3. Nos. 20M00.7 4. Nos. 401-600 .7 5. Nos. 601-800 .$7 6. Nos. 801-966 and petitions filed under the act of July 12, 1862 .7 General Records of the Department of State (Record Group 59) DIPLOMATS Most of the ministers resident and consuls general to Haiti from 1869 until 1913 were black diplomats. Ebenezer D. Bassett served in that post from April 1869 until 1877. In September 1877 John Mercer Langston was appointed and served until June 1885. For a brief period in 1883 he was also Charge'd’Affaires for the Dominican Republic. Frederick Douglass served as minister resident to Haiti from June 1889 to July 1891. Henry W. Furniss was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary in November 1905, and served until 1913. Several black diplomats also served as consuls at Cap-Haitien, especially Dr. Lemuel W. Livingston, who served in that post from January 14, 1894, until December 17, 1919. Campbell L. Maxwell served as consul to Santo Domingo from January 11, 1892, until he was appointed consul general in April 1898. He served in that position until July 1, 1904. Archibald H. Grimke also served as consul to Santo Domingo, 1894-98. Four black diplomats served as minister resident and consul general to Liberia. J. Milton Turner served from March 1, 1871, until May 20, 1878; Henry Highland Garnet, from June 30, 1881, until his death February 13, 1882; 0. L. W. Smith, from February 11, 1898, until May 22,1902; and Ernest Lyon, from March 16, 1903, until June 10, 1910. Two other black diplomats served as secretary of legation at Monrovia. James Robert Spurgeon served from March 4, 1898, until December 10, 1902, when he was replaced by George W. Ellis, who continued in that post until December 1909. Other black diplomats served in consular posts. James G. Carter was appointed consul at Tamatave, Madagascar, in November 1906 and served in that post until the consulate was transferred to Tananarive, Madagascar, in 1916. He served as consul at Tananarive from July 16, 1916, until March 1, 1927, when he was offered the post of minister resident and consul general to Liberia. He declined that post, and on March 28, 1927, he was assigned as consul at Calais, France. He served there until the consulate was closed in June 1940. After a brief tour as consul at Bordeaux, on November 8, 1940, he was assigned as consul at Tananarive, Madagascar. In January 1941 he was promoted to consul general and served in that rank until his retirement, July 1, 1942. R. T. Greener served as consul at Bombay, India, from January until May 1898 when he was appointed consul (later commercial agent) at Vladivostok, Russia. William H. Hunt served as a consular officer for 33 years. He was appointed vice consul at Tamatave, Madagascar, March 20, 1899, and promoted to consul August 23, 1901. On November 1, 1906, he was transferred to St. Etienne, France, where he served as consul until his transfer on December 10, 1926, to Guadeloupe, French West Indies. He served from September 25, 1929, until January 7, 1931, as consul at St. Michael, Azores, and then as consul at Monrovia until his retirement in August 1932. Dr. George H. Jackson served from July 1, 1899, until his transfer to Cognac on June 10, 1908, as the consul at La Rochelle, France. James W. Johnson first began his service as consul on March 29, 1906, at Puerto Cabello, Venezuela. Effective March 30, 1907, he became consul at Goree-Dakar, French West Africa, and from June 10, 1908, until January 12, 1909, he served as consul at Corinto, Nicaragua. Christopher H. Payne served as consul at St. Thomas, Danish West Indies, from May 1, 1903, until September 30, 1917. J. N. Ruffin served as consul at Asuncion, Paraguay, from October 27, 1897, until August 19, 1907. Mahlon B. Van Horn preceded Christopher Payne as consul at St. Thomas, serving from July 17, 1897, until July 31, 1903. John T. Williams served as consul to Sierra Leone, British Africa, from February 25, 1898, until April 10, 1906. Herbert R. Wright served as consul at Utilla, Honduras, from June 15, 1905, until he was transferred to Puerto Cabello, Venezuela, on June 10, 1908. He served at that post until he retired from the consular service on January 22, 1917. William J. Yerby served as a consul for over 25 years. Effective June 28, 1906, he was assigned as consul at Sierra Leone. He was transferred in February 1915 to Goree-Dakar, French West Africa. He served there for 10 years, and then was reassigned to La Rochelle, France, where he served from May 14, 1925, until he was transferred to Oporto, 7 8 SELECT MICROFILM PUBLICATIONS: BLACK STUDIES Portugal, effective October 25, 1926. His last consular post was Nantes, France. He served there from July 18, 1930, until March 15,1932. After a brief tour of duty in Washington, he retired September 30, 1932. The Department of State was the first major Government department to appoint blacks to positions of importance and one of the few departments to continue blacks in these positions in the period from post-Reconstruction through World War I. In addition to those mentioned, other black diplomats served either briefly or in subordinate positions. Until 1906 the records of each consulate were maintained separately from the diplomatic correspondence. Most of the despatches from U.S. consuls during that period have been microfilmed, as have been the Instructions from the Department. The records for the period 1906-10, the so-called “numerical file period,” have not been microfilmed. Beginning in 1910 the despatches from consular officials were filed with the diplomatic despatches according to a decimal file classification scheme. The despatches relating to internal affairs and political relations have been microfilmed for the period 1910-29. 1910-29 Decimal File France Includes Dakar: Sit; Madagascar: 51w;and Guadeloupe: 51c. Internal Affairs. M560. 162 rolls. $1,115 Political Relations With the United States. M568. 5 rolls. $33* Political Relations With Other States. M569. 7 rolls. $48* Haiti Internal Affairs. M610. 94 rolls. $576 Political Relations With the United States. M611.2 rolls. $12 Political Relations With Other States. M612. 4 rolls. $24 Liberia Internal Affairs. M613. 34 rolls. $217* Political Relations With Other States (including the United States) M614. 1 roll. $7* Portugal Includes St. Michael, Azores: 53b. Internal Affairs. M705. 34 rolls. $178* Venezuela Internal Affairs. M366. 32 rolls. $211* Political Relations With the United States. M368. 1 roll. $5 Political Relations With Other States. M369. 2 rolls. $14 Diplomatic Despatches Before 1906 Dominican Republic, 1883-1906. M93. 15 rolls. $90 Haiti, 1862-1906. M82. 47 rolls. $280 Liberia, 1863-1906. M170. 14 roUs. $86 Consular Despatches Before 1906 Asuncion, Paraguay, 1844-1906. T329. 6 rolls. $35 Bahia, Brazil, 1850-1906. T331. 8 rolls. $46 Cap-Haitien, Haiti, 1797-1906. M9. 17 rolls. $103 La Rochelle, France, 1794-1906. T394. 8 rolls. $44 St. Thomas, Danish West Indies, 1805-1906. T350. 17 rolls. $98 Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, 1837-1906. T56. 19 rolls. $115 Sierra Leone, British Africa, 1858-1906. T438. 5 rolls. $29 Tamatave, Madagascar, 1853-1906. T60. 11 rolls. $70 Instructions Diplomatic Instructions, 1801-1906. M77. 175 rolls. $981* “Registers of Consular communications sent, 1870-1906,” rolls 33-44 of M17. $83 DEPARTMENT OF STATE 9 Other Diplomatic Records Notes from the British Legation in the United States < the Department of State, 1791-1906. M50. 145 r $854 These notes reflect two issues of concern to the British Government in its dealings with America; the suppres¬ sion of the slave trade and in the period 1822-60 the Southern States’ “Negro Seamen’s Acts.’’ To a lesser degree Notes From United States Ministers to Great Britain, 1791-1906, M30, also reflects these issues. Notes From United States Ministers to Brazil, 1809-1906. M121. 74 roUs. $441* Contains some material relating to the slave trade. . ii ■Ir'' f*K5i>^^j;S4SaSS- :;;;- >~ « .-‘.’fei^iJ^.'^k' ■ i^'i! •*4 'M* * ‘ iW ■ '"• » *i*| »■' - - « »# n'-'^ir^ivVl « .r>,| *! itiin - •^♦.4 ■ ' v>V.. .' ar I# li*'**•*• • 4tiM VJ«» ‘'•- * ' 'i j t\'' I' • ‘ -^.'i^jcv ' ‘iw* *•■'", ! i.'^ji* V «;Wi ateAi%« tf»i2 4««i l»w ‘ 'iM. £4^mi m** .iiyb4 4 'lOMl f • •ttM iinAp AMi* vr* *1- 'f JijriiP *«* ISiU^rr i>Jli *1 • 9- t«i»tlii»» vri Iff ar : ii»4 »•-■ i * Records of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (Record Group 101) Registers of Signatures of Depositions in Branches of the Freedmen’s Savings and Trust Company, 1865-1874. M816. 27 roUs. $184 This microfilm publication reproduces 55 volumes containing signatures of and personal identification data about depositors in 29 branches of the Freedmen’s Savings and Trust Company, 1865-74. The Company was incorporated by an act of March 3, 1865, as a banking institution established in the city of Washington, D.C., for the benefit of freed slaves. The military savings banks at Norfolk, Va., and Beaufort, S.C., were transferred to the Company soon after it was founded. From 1865 through 1870 a total of 33 branches were established, including an office that was opened in New York City in 1866. In 1874 the Company failed. Until 1881 three commissioners took charge of the effects of the Com¬ pany, reporting on its financial state to the Secretary of the Treasury. From February 1881 until 1920, the Comptroller of the Currency administered the affairs of the Company. The information contained in many of the registers is as follows: account number, name of depositor, date of entry, place of birth, place brought up, residence, age, complexion, name of employer or occupation, wife or husband, children, father, mother, brothers, and sisters, remarks, and signature. The early books also contain the name of the former owner and the name of the plantation. In many entries not all the requested data are given. Copies of death certificates have been pinned to some of the entries. In each case the certificate has been filmed immediately after the page that shows the registration of the person’s signature. The registers are arranged alphabetically by name of State, then by name of city in which the branch was located, thereunder by date when account was estab¬ lished, and thereunder by account number. Many num¬ bers are missing, a few are out of numerical order, and in some cases blocks of numbers were not used. Many registers appear to be missing. The volume for Phila¬ delphia, Pa., January 1870-June 1874, contains signa¬ tures of officers of societies. 1.Huntsville, Ala., accts. 1-1698; Nov. 28, 1865-Aug. 21, 1874... 2. Mobile, Ala., accts. 777-1567,1572-2326, 4287-9173; June 18, 1867-June 29,1874.$8 3. Little Rock, Ark., accts. 153-1358; Feb. 27,1871-July 15, 1874. 5 4. Washington, D.C. (part), accts. 1-1553, 3500-7197,7406-9315; July 11,1865- Dec. 30,1871 . 8 5. Washington, D.C. (part), accts. lB-456, 14631- 16303, 20001-21401; May 24, 1872-July 22, 1874; and Tallahassee, Fla., accts. 1-887; Aug. 25, 1866-Jan. 15,1872. 7 6. Atlanta, Ga., accts. 1-4518; Jan. 15,1870- July 2, 1874. 7 7. Augusta, Ga., accts. 2167-6701; Nov. 23, 1870-June 29,1874. 7 8.Savannah, Ga. (part), accts. 1-1137,1298- 4947; Jan. 10, 1866-Dec. 17, 1870. 7 9.Savannah, Ga. (part), accts. 4948-9868; Dec. 17,1870-Oct. 22,1872. 7 10.Savannah, Ga. (part), accts. 9869-14558; Oct. 22,1872-Sept. 1,1874. 8 11. Lexington, Ky., accts. 217-1975; Mar. 21, 1870- July 3, 1874; and Louisville, Ky., accts. 1- 1928,5122-7336; Sept. 15, 1865-July 8, 1874. 7 12. New Orleans, La., accts. 5-1017, 4365-8569; June 20, 1866-June 29, 1874; and Shreveport, La., accts. 149-1320; Feb. 11,1871-June 29, 1874 . 7 13. Baltimore, Md., accts. 1-4, 220-6768; May 3, 1866-June 23, 1874. 8 14. Columbus, Miss., accts. 9-927; Aug. 1, 1870- June 16,1874; and Natchez, Miss., accts. 1-707; Mar. 29, 1870-June 18, 1874. 5 15. Vicksburg, Miss., accts. 1159-8662; July 28,1868-June 29, 1874. 8 16.St. Louis, Mo., accts. 223-366; Apr. 6-Oct. 8, 1869. 5 17. New York, N.Y., accts. 1422-6943; Feb. 20,1871-July 6, 1874. 8 18. New Bern, N.C., accts. 1335-4157; Nov. 2, 1869-July 25, 1874; Raleigh, N.C., accts. 9-15; Apr. 9-20,1868; and Wilmington, N.C., accts. 1208-1343; Sept. 3-Oct. 30, 1869; and 5400-7266; Dec. 8, 1872-Aug. 26, 1873 . 7 19. Philadelphia, Pa., accts. 1-3004; Jan. 7, 1870-June 26, 1874. 5 20. Beaufort, S.C., accts. 2732-5989; June 20, 1868-July 3, 1874. 7 21. Charleston, S.C. (part), accts. 1-319, 2151-3824; Dec. 19, 1865-Dec. 2, 1869. 7 22. Charleston, S.C. (part), accts. 3833-6626; Dec. 4, 1869-Feb.25, 1871 . 6 23. Charleston, S.C. (part), accts. 6627-11103; Feb. 25,1871-July 2,1872. 7 24. Memphis, Tenn., accts. 1-1995, 2000-6298; Dec. 28,1865-July 1,1874 $6 11 8 12 SELECT MICROFILM PUBLICATIONS: BLACK STUDIES 25. Nashville, Tenn., accts. 4174-6189; Dec. 24, 1871-June 23, 1874. 26. Lynchburg, Va., accts. 153-215; July 8- Aug. 22,1871; Norfolk, Va., accts. 3950- 5424; Dec. 4, 1871-June 29, 1874; and Richmond, Va. (part), accts. 232-1582; $6 July 18, 1867-June20,1870.$6 27. Richmond, Va. (part), accts. 1591-3948, 4005-7691; June 21, 1870-June 29,1874. 8 Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, 1780’s-1917 (Record Group 94) COMPILED SERVICE RECORDS Index to Compiled Service Records of Volunteer Union Soldiers Who Served With United States Colored Troops. M589. 98 rolls. $569* 16mm This microfilm publication reproduces an alphabetical card index to the compiled service records of volunteer Union soldiers who served with U.S. Colored Troops. Each index card gives the name of a soldier, his rank, and the unit in which he served. There are cross- references for names that appeared in the records under more than one spelling and for service in more than one unit or oganization. The supposedly correct name of a volunteer Union soldier may not appear in the index for several reasons. First, he may have served in a unit from a State. Second, he may have served under a different name or used a different spelling of his name. Third, a proper record of his service may not have been made; or, if made, it may have been lost or destroyed in the confusion that often attended the initial mobilization, subsequent military operations, and disbandment of troops. Fourth, the ref¬ erences to the soldier in the original records may have been so vague that it was not practicable to determine his correct name or the unit in which he served. The compiled service records to which the index applies consist of a jacket-envelope for each soldier, labeled with his name and containing (1) card abstracts of entries relating to the soldier in the original muster rolls, returns, hospital rolls, descriptive books, lists of deserters, and lists of recruits; and (2) the originals of any papers relating solely to the particular soldier. A typical example of a compiled service record is filmed at the beginning of the index. 1. A-Alk.$6 2. AU-Ande.6 3. Andl-Az.6 4. B-Baq.6 5. Bar-Bat .6 6. Bau-Ben.6 7. Beo-Blai.6 8. Blak-Bor .6 9. Bos-Brag .6 10. Brah-Broo.6 11. Bros-Brown, J.$6 12. Brown, K.-Buf.6 13. Bug-Bus. 14. But-Cam . 15. Can-Car. 16. Cas-Che. 17. Chi-Cl . 18. Co-Com. 19. Con-Cot. 20. Cou-Cr. 21. Cs-Dau. 22. Dav-Daz. 23. De-Dic. 24. Did-Dov. 25. Dow-Dy. 26. E-El. 27. Em-Fa. 28. Fe-Fl. 29. Fo-Fran. 30. Frap-Gak. 31. Gal-Gh. 32. Gi-Gn . 33. Go-Graw. 34. Gray-Gref. 35. Greg-Gy. 36. H-Ham. 37. Han-Hanis, K . 38. Harris, L.-Haw. 39. Hax-Heno . 40. Henr-Hik. 41. Hil-HoU. 42. Holm-Hoz. 43. Hu-Hy. 44. I-Jackson, I. 45. Jackson, J.-Jay . 46. Je-Johnson, C. 47. Johnson, D.-Johnson, M 48. Johnson, N.-Jom. 49. Jon-Jont . 50. Joo-Ke. 51. Kh-Lah . 52. Lai-Laz . 53. Le-Lev. 54. Lew-Loc . 55. Lod-Ly . 56. M-Marr . 57. Mars-Mat. 58. Mau-McD. 59. McE-Mel. 60. Mem-Mil . 61. Mim-Moon. 62. Moor-Morr. 13 14 SELECT MICROFILM PUBLICATIONS: BLACK STUDIES 63. Mors-My .$6 64. N-Ni .6 65. No-O.6 66. P-Pas.6 67. Pat-Pes.6 68. Pet-Pi.6 69. Pl-Pre.6 70. Pri-Ram.6 71. Ran-Ree .6 72. Ref-Ric.6 73. Rid-Robe.6 74. Robi-Rok .6 75. Rol-Ry .6 76. S-Scl .6 77. Sco-Se.6 78. Sh .6 79. Si-Sme.6 80. Smi-Smith, J.6 81. Smith, K.-So.6 82. Sp-Steu.6 83. Stev-Sty.6 84. Su-Tax.6 85. Tay-Thol.6 86. Thom-Thomp .6 87. Thoms-To.6 88. Tr-Ty.6 89. U-V.6 90. W-Ward.6 91. Ware-Wash.6 92. Wass-Wem .6 93. Wen-White .6 94. Whitf-Williams, E.6 95. WilUams F.-WiUiams,T.6 96. Williams, V.-Wils.-6 97. Wilt-Wo.6 98. Wr-Z .6 Compiled Records Showing Service of Military Units in Volunteer Union Organizations. M594, rolls 204-217. S79* This microfilm publication reproduces the compiled records that give the military service histories of units in volunteer Union organizations. The compiled records are card abstracts containing information relating to the stations, movements, or activities of each unit or a part of it, and frequently to its organization or composition, strength and losses, and disbandment. Sometimes the names of commanding officers, the dates the unit was called into service and mustered out, the terms of service, and similar information are included. The compilation of records of service by military units of volunteer Union organizations was undertaken simultaneously with the compilation of the service records of volunteer Union soliders. The work was begun in 1890 under the direction of Capt. Fred C. Ainsworth, head of the Record and Pension Division of the War Department. The abstracts were made from original muster rolls and returns in the custody of the War Department and from rolls borrowed from the Second Auditor of the Treasury. The abstracts made from the original records were verified by ^ separate operation of comparison, and great care was taken to ensure that the abstracts were accurate. Most of the compiled records reproduced on this microfilm publication are arranged alphabetically by State or territory. The remainder are for units that were not limited to any one State or territory; among them are the U.S. Colored Troops, U.S. Volunteer, and U.S. Veteran Reserve Corps. The records are further arranged by organizational breakdown under each unit. Most of the compiled records for each organizational unit are in jacket-envelopes bearing the title “Record of Events” and giving the name of the unit. Many of the cards contain abstracts of the record-of-events informa¬ tion as found in original muster rolls and returns. Also included are some cards showing the exact captions of the muster-in and muster-out rolls that were copied and the certifications by the mustering officers verifying the accuracy of the rolls. Th£ jacket-envelopes for a few units contain no documents but do contain references to other units with which these units were merged. In some instances the references concern transfers of documents. Preceding the jacket-envelopes for the organizational units there sometimes are envelopes containing general notation cards giving information relating to the units. Some of the notations are statements of determinations made by the War Department concerning the service of the units; others contain information that was found in original records other than muster rolls and returns. There are some card abstracts made from returns that are not in jacket-envelopes. These abstracts were ac¬ cumulated by the War Department to be interfiled with the regular abstracts but were not interfiled, for one reason or another. The usual reason was that the abstracts made from returns were compiled later than those from muster rolls and in some cases the War Department failed to complete the filing of them. The National Archives has collected all the unjacketed abstracts that could be found for each unit and has filed them immediately after the jacket-envelope containing related abstracts for the unit. A card labeled “Additional Card Abstracts of Records” has been placed at the beginning of each set of unjacketed abstracts to distin¬ guish them from the ones that are in jacket-envelopes. The records reproduced on this microfilm publication relate to units and not to individual soldiers. While the index to the compiled service records for individual soldiers has been microfilmed (M589—see preceding entry), the individual service records have not been microfilmed. 204. U.S. COLORED TROOPS: First Cavalry through Fifth Cavalry F'ifth Massachusetts Cavalry Sixth Cavalry First Heavy Artillery Third Heavy Artillery through F'ifth Heavy Artillery.S6 ADJUTANT GENERAL’S OFFICE 1780’s-1917 15 205. Sixth Heavy Artillery Eighth Heavy Artillery through Fourteenth Heavy Artillery First Light Artillery Second Light Artillery Independent Battery, Light Artillery First Infantry First Infantry (1 year, 1864) .$5 206. Second Infantry Third Infantry Third Tennessee Infantry Fourth Infantry through Eleventh Infantry .6 207. Twelfth Infantry through Twenty-first Infantry .6 208. Twenty-second Infantry through Twenty-ninth Infantry Twenty-ninth Connecticut Infantry Thirtieth Infantry through Thirty-third Infantry.6 209. Thirty-fourth Infantry through Forty-third Infantry .6 210. Forty-fourth Infantry through Fifty-second Infantry .6 211. Fifty-third Infantry through Fifty-eighth Infantry.6 212. Fifty-ninth Infantry through Seventy-second Infantry.6 213. Seventy-third Infantry through Eighty-second Infantry.$6 214. Eighty-third Infantry through Ninety-fifth Infantry.5 215. Ninety-sixth Infantry through One Hundred Fourth Infantry One Hundred Sixth Infantry through One Hundred Eighth Infantry.5 216. One Hundred Ninth Infantry through One Hundred Eighteenth Infantry.5 217. One Hundred Nineteenth Infantry through One Hundred Twenty-fifth Infantry One Hundred Twenty-seventh Infantry One Hundred Twenty-eighth Infantry One Hundred Thirty-fifth Infantry through One Hundred Thirty-eighth Infantry Capt. Powell’s Regiment, Infantry Co. A, Unassigned, Infantry Co. A, Southord Infantry, Pa. (100 days, 1864) Pioneer Co., Cavalry Division, 16 Army Corps (A.D.) Pioneer Co., First Division, 16 Army Corps, Infantry (A.D.) Brigade Band, No. 1 Brigade Band, No. 2 Brigade Band, No. 1, Corps d’Afrique Brigade Band, No. 2, Corps d’Afrique Quartermaster Detachment, Infantry .5 RETURNS FROM REGULAR ARMY UNITS According to Army Regulations and War Department General Orders, returns by all regiments were to be submitted monthly directly to the Adjutant General’s Office on forms supplied by the Adjutant General’s Office. Monthly Returns The purpose of the returns was to report the strength of each regiment, in total numbers of men present, absent, sick, or on extra or daily duty, and to give a specific accounting of officers and enlisted men by name. Eventually required in the returns were an accounting of strength in terms of horses and artillery and any additional information of interest not necessarily connected with strength. Even though almost every new printing of the form presented some changes, the general format of the return remained reasonably constant throughout the period from 1821 to 1916. The significant changes in physical size and arrangement came in 1904 and 1912. Except for a larger form issued in 1857 and 1858, the size of the form between 1821 and 1862 remained about 23 inches wide by 18 inches long, and then was changed to about 24 inches wide by 20 inches long. In 1904, however, the return assumed the appearance of a booklet, 13 inches wide by 11 inches long, after sheets about 26 inches wide were folded and stapled in the middle. Thus the return could be enlarged by folding and stapling additional sheets rather than by pasting sheets to the bottom or side of the previous form. In 1912 the form was further reduced to 11 inches wide by 8.5 inches long, after the sheets had been folded and stapled in the middle. The face side of the form contained three sections and, until 1857, provided for total numbers only. These three sections on the face side consisted of (1) a columnar spread across the top that constituted the main, or strength, section, (2) a space for reasons for enlisted men’s absences, and (3) a space for the nature of enlisted men’s extra or daily duty. The 1857 form required, in addition to the request for reasons, the accounting for absent enlisted men and for extra duty men by name instead of merely totals for each group. In 1873 the “Extra duty enlisted men by name” section was replaced by a “Record of Events” section on Form A.B.O. No. 38. The reverse of the initial form was reserved for names and, except from 1826 to 1830, contained two sections: (1) an explanation for alterations since the last return for enlisted men and (2) a list of officers present and absent. In the reprinting of Form A.B.O. No. 41, dated April 25, 1914, the accounting for enlisted men by name was completely eliminated. Between 1826 and 1830 the reverse also required the listing of orders received by the regiment, and specifically called for the number of the order, type of order, date, where issued, date of receipt of the order, and an 16 SKLECT MICROFILM PUBLICATIONS: BLACK STUDIES abstract of the order under a “Remarks” column. Thereafter orders received by the regiment during the month were acknowledged by a letter at the end of the month. Although the information requested in these various sections remained reasonably constant throughout the period 1821-1916, neither the titles of the sections nor the required specific information remained constant. During some periods the form can only be identified as “in use” rather than by a specific printing date, and the most recent form was not necessarily used by all regiments when reporting. Descriptions of these five sections with their more significant changes are given below. MAIN SECTION. The 1819 form used in 1821 listed 15 items in a horizontal spread across the face of the form as follows: 1. Station of regimental staff or company 2. Date of the company return used for making the specific regimental return 3. Name of company commander 4. Companies 5. Present for duty with a sublist of ranks 6. Present—Sick with a sublist of ranks 7. Present on extra or daily duty with a sublist of enlisted ranks 8. Present in arrest or confinement with a sublist of enlisted ranks 9. Present—Total 10. Present—Aggregate 11. Absent with a sublist of ranks 12. Present and Absent—Total 13. Present and Absent—Aggregate 14. Present and Absent—Aggregate last month 15. Alterations since last return with sublists: Joined, Discharged, Transferred, Died, Dropped, Deserted, Effective loss, and Effective gain Under Items 6-8 and 11 spaces were left for inserting the total number of officers. Under Item 4 appeared a list of company letters A-K, which was increased in 1847 to L and M, and later, to N and O. This format provided spaces for filling in numerical totals for all the above-cited horizontal listings and sublists by regiment and company, except for Items 1-3. Before this main section was completely recast in 1857, a few minor but significant changes occurred in the form. Item 2 was dropped in 1832. Items 9 and 10 were replaced in 1826 by “Number of Commissioned Officers Present” and “Number of Non-commissioned Officers, musicians, artificers, and privates present.” Item 11 was also changed in 1826 and required that absentees were now to be totaled under each reason for absence—absent on detached service, absent on furlough, and absent without leave. Item 15 was changed several times: in 1826 two types of reasons for alterations were added—dismissed and resigned; in 1827 the order was reworked; and in 1829 information requested for alterations became much more precise, as shown below: 15. Alterations since last return: Number joined by recruits from general depots by enlisted in regiment by reenlistment by transfer from desertion Number discharged expiration of service for disability Number resigned Number transferred Number died Number deserted Number of recruits required In 1839 the number of deaths were to be totaled by causes: (1) ordinary, (2) killed in action, (3) died of wounds, and (4) accidental. ADJUTANT GENERAL’S OFFICE 1780’s-1917 17 In addition to the above changes between 1819 and 1857, the main section was extended to require more information. In 1834 provision was made for reporting the number of blank regimental returns on hand; in 1839, for reporting wounded in action or accidental; and in 1846, for reporting the number of horses serviceable and unserviceable. In 1852 these additional provisions were brought together under the heading of “Memoranda” with sublists: wounded in action, recruits required, horses serviceable, horses unserviceable, horses lost in action, and number of blank regimental returns on hand. The first use of the term “enlisted men” on the face of the form came in 1857 when the whole main section was completely recast. The next change of such magnitude in the main section was not made until the revision of Form A.G.O. No. 41, in April 1912. The horizontal spread of 1857 listed only 11 headings but with many and different subheadings, as follows: 1. Station 2. Commander’s name 3. Regimental Staff and Company 4. Present Commissioned Officers with sublists: for duty, on extra or daily duty, sick, in arrest or suspension, total 5. Present Enlished Men with same sublists as for officers, except that the enlisted man might be “in arrest or confinement” 6. Absent Commissioned Officers with sublists: on detached service, with leave, without leave, sick, total 7. Absent Enlished Men with same sublists as for officers, except for the addition of “in arrest or confinement” 8. Where—with the Division, without the Division 9. Present and Absent Commissioned Officers with a sublist of ranks Enlisted Men with a sublist of ranks 10. Alterations since last monthly return Gain Commissioned Officers, with sublists: by promotion or appointment, by transfer Enlisted Men, with sublists: Recruits from depots, enlisted, reenlisted, by transfer, from missing in action, from desertions Aggregate Loss Commissioned Officers, with sublists: resigned or disabled, dismissed, transferred, missing in action, dead in action, dead of wounds, dead of disease Enlisted Men Discharged, with sublists: expiration of service, for disabihty, by sentence of General Court-Martial, by order, by Civil Authority Transferred Died, with sublists: in action of wounds, of disease Missing in Action Deserted Aggregate 11. Memoranda (same as 1852 except that subheadings were added for reporting pieces of artillery—heavy, field, and mountain) In 1904 further reasons for loss of enlisted men by death were required: drowned, suicide, murder, or homicide. On the April 1912 revision of Form A.G.O. No. 41, the main section was titled “Condition of the Regiment at Midnight on the Last day of_,” and the quantity of requested information was reduced considerably. In addition to the station and the company letter, only numerical totals were required for the sections listed below: Officers Present For duty, on special duty, sick, in arrest 18 SELECT MICROFILM PUBLICATIONS: BLACK STUDIES Absent On detached service, with leave, without leave, sick, in arrest, and without the Department Enlisted Men Present For duty, on extra duty, on special duty, sick in arrest or confinement Absent (Same as for officers) Totals and Aggregates Horses: serviceable, unserviceable, and lost in action In addition, numerical totals only for the regiment, and not by company, were required for the sections as follows: Strength (Present and Absent) last returns Officers Enlisted Men Alterations since last monthly return Officers Gain Loss With sublist similar to previous forms Enlisted Men Gain With sublist similar to previous forms Loss With sublist similar to previous forms ABSENT ENLISTED MEN SECTION. This section required the reporting of reasons for absences of noncommissioned officers, musicians, artificers, privates, and matrosses, for which only the total numbers of men by rank and company were stated in the main section. Because no initial instructions were printed, such reasons were given as “stationed at another specific post,” “on command in pursuit of deserters,” “convict,” “in confinement,” “on furlough,” or “in the custody of Civil Power.” In 1857 the form required an accounting of absent enlisted men by name, which was continued until 1904 when the section was dropped from the return. Also in 1857 the first specific instructions appeared requiring that tiic nature, commencement, period, and place of absence was to be invariably stated. ENLISTED MEN—EXTRA OR DAILY DUTY SECTION. Initially this section merely provided space for stating the nature of the duty for the totals under Item 7 of the main section, with such section titles as “Non-commissioned Officers, Musicians, artificers, privates, and matrosses on extra or daily duty, accounted for and Non-commissioned Officers, Musicians, Farriers and Blacksmiths, Artificers, and Privates.” Because there were initial instructions, the nature of this duty was usually stated as an assignment to the Quartermaster, Ordnance Officer, or Commissary Department. In 1857 the title of the section became “Enlisted men on extra or daily duty, accounted for by name,” and the first specific instructions appeared stipulating that the specific kind of such duty was to be carefully stated. As early as 1832 there were general instructions, usually numbered notes, which were not necessarily applicable to the specific “Remarks Enlisted men-extra or daily duty” section. In 1832 for the first time were the instructions that “when the Headquarters of the Regiment are changed, or a Company is transferred from one Post to another, the days of departure and arrival shall be recorded on the first subsequent return” to which was added, in 1834, “with such other remarks as may be useful for future reference, and the records of the Adjutant General’s Office.” These instructions were augmented in 1839 with the request that “marches performed within the month...will be noted and the time specified in the Return” and that “the Colonel will add such general remarks relative to the discipline, service, and movements ... of the Regiments, or of any particular company, as may be necessary or useful for the records . . .” Added in 1854 were the instructions that “actions in which any portion of the Regiment may have been engaged will be particularly noted.” In 1873 this section was.replaced by the “Record of Events” section. The only additional instruction at the time of the change was the request that “the number of horses, either public or private, lost in service together with the date, ADJUTANT GENERAL’S OFFICE 1780’s-1917 19 place, and circumstances connected with said loss, and the name of the officer responsible for, or owning the property, will be reported.” ALTERATIONS SINCE LAST RETURN SECTION. The reverse of the form provided space for “Remarks, in explanation of alterations on the face of the return” for listing by name, with date and reason, those enlisted men gained or lost for whom only totals appeared in the main section. Instructions in 1857 required that these men be accounted for “by name and classed in the same order, as on the face of the return.” The first use of the term “enlisted men” on the monthly return appeared in this section in 1834 when the title of the section became “Names of all Enlisted Men required in explanation” of the Alterations since last return. General instructions printed in 1839 and thereafter requested that the name and rank of the officers and soldiers killed or wounded in action, with date and place, were to be accurately noted; such information for enlisted men was invariably reported in this section. This section was removed from the form in the April 1914 revision, by which time the title had become “Enlisted men who are to be accounted for by name.” OFFICERS, PRESENT AND ABSENT, ACCOUNTED FOR SECTION. On the reverse of the form there was also a section in which all commissioned officers were accounted for by name. The first instructions for the “Remarks” column appeared in the March 1827 printing and requested that “the reasons tor, and the time (date of the order) of all officers absent from the regiment will be specified.” The instruction was further amplified in the January 1829 printing, with the additional notation that “the day on which any officer assumes, or relinquishes a separate command, arrives at, or departs from his post, or company, shall be carefully noted, and his post, or station, will be written opposite to his name.” The instruction also required that when the regiment or company was transferred from one post to another “the day of departure and arrival shall be recorded.” The January 1830 printing carried further orders that “transfers, resignations, deaths, etc. of Commissioned Officers will be recorded at the foot of the list of Regimental Officers.” The instruction was further amplified in 1832 with the request that “the date of all transfers, discharges, furloughs, deaths, desertions, apprehensions, etc. will be accurately noted.” This section was also used for fulfilling the general instructions in 1839, which requested that the name and rank of the officers killed or wounded in action, with date and place, be accurately noted. The only other significant change in this section was the instruction in the 1897 printing, which requested that “officers of other organizations, serving with or attached to the regiment for duty, will be borne in red ink at the foot of the list of officers, with date and place, and in the later case, the cause.” Names of veterinary surgeons were also to be reported in red ink at the bottom of the list of officers, but they were to be excluded from the strength of the regiment on the face of the return. SUMMARY. Some of the information obtainable from the regimental monthly return is as follows: Names of regimental commanders Names of all officers and reasons for loss or gain, if applicable Names of company commanders Stations of the regiment and companies Names of absent enlisted men, 1857-1904, and reason for absence Names of enlisted men lost and gained, 1821-1914, and reasons Names of enlisted men on extra or daily duty, 1857-1873, and nature Record of events type of information, 1832-1916 Total strength by rank of both officers and enlisted men, 1819-57 Total strength by company of horses, 1846-1916 Total strength by company of artillery pieces, 1857-1912 Other Records and Returns Most of the records reproduced in the following three microfilm publications are the regimental or post monthly returns, but the Adjutant General’s Office filed other records and returns with the monthly returns. Brief descriptions of the other six sets of records that were filed with the returns and that are reproduced in the publication are given below. “HISTORICAL DATA” FILE. At the beginning of the series of monthly returns for some regiments the Adjutant General’s Office filed correspondence and related records that it referred to as “Historical Data” or “Miscellaneous Data” of a specific regiment. The correspondence dates primarily from the 1920’s and 1930’s, is mainly between the 20 SELECT MICROFILM PUBLICATIONS: BLACK STUDIES Adjutant General’s Office and the regimental commanders, and relates chiefly to records of events, numbers of killed and wounded, and troop movements. Another example is the correspondence between the Adjutant General’s Office and the Detroit Public Library relating to early documents of the 2d Infantry. Examples of other records in this file are rosters, histories, and lists of stations of companies. ANNUAL AND QUARTERLY RETURNS OF ALTERATIONS AND CASUALTIES. Army Regulations required that annual returns of casualties, by regiments, were to be transmitted by the regiment at the close of every year. Although Army Regulations carried this regulation until the revision of 1881, it had been declared no longer necessary by the Adjutant General in 1870. Usually the annual return was a recapitulation of the totals appearing under Alterations in the main section of the monthly returns for the year. Forms were issued by The Adjutant General for this purpose, and until 1833 they were called “Return of Casualties incident to the Rank and File.’’ By 1864 this information was required on a quarterly basis. The form contained a horizontal spread across the face of the return comparable to the “Alterations” part of the horizontal spread in the main section of the monthly return. The chief difference between the two spreads from 1828 to 1833 was the inclusion of spaces in the annual return for supplying additional information as follows: Number discharged from the regiment for pension, by obtaining substitute, being minors, and by sentence of general court-martial Number tried for desertion Number convicted of desertion Number pardoned after sentence Total number tried by general court-martial Total number tried by regimental court-martial Aggregate number tried by general and regimental courts- martial Additional information supplied on the annual return in 1864 and not provided on the monthly return was that the number of commissioned officers gained by appointment were designated as those (1) from the Military Academy and (2) from Civil Life; the number of enlisted men gained from desertion were designated as those (1) apprehended from desertion and (2) surrender from desertion; and the number of enlisted men lost by discharge were, in addition to the designations appearing on the monthly return, also designated as those (1) discharged for pension and (2) discharged by order or letter. A “Memoranda” section also appeared in the annual return, requesting information as follows: Wounded: In Action; Accidental By Military Authority: Number tried for desertion Number convicted of desertion Number restored to duty without trial (for desertion) Number pardoned after sentence (for desertion) Number tried by general court-martial Number tried by regimental court-martial Aggregate number tried by general, regimental, or garrison court-martial By Civil Authority: Number arrested Number returned to service Number tried Number acquitted Number convicted At the extreme right of the horizontal spread on all forms was a “Remarks” column with instructions, augmented throughout the years, which in effect requested an annual record of events; by 1864 a block under the “Remarks” column was titled “Record of Events.” A part of the face on all forms was reserved for designating the posts and stations at which deaths desertions, apprehensions, and surrenders occurred. On some of the 1864 forms there was a “Remarks” section for listing the name of each enlisted man, with information such as date, place, and cause of alteration. ADJUTANT GENERAL’S OFFICE 1780’s-1917 21 MONTHLY RETURNS OF BATTALIONS, COMPANIES, AND DETACHMENTS. These returns were required by War Department Order of April 7, 1826, which instructed aU field and company officers when absent from their regiment or company on detached service to report as often as the nature of their details was changed. The substance of this instmction was reiterated in General Order No. 49, August 30,1828, which required that when any officer was absent on detached service, or the commanding officer of any company or detachment was absent from the regiment, a special report was to be made to the commanding officer of the regiment as often as the station changed. This report was to enable the Colonel to include the information in his regimental return for the same month. Not until 1846 do Army Regulations or General Orders suggest the submission of separate returns directly to the Adjutant General’s Office by companies, battalions, and detachments operating independently of the regiment, nor do they suggest such independent submissions after 1861, with two exceptions: (1) all Army Regulations since 1857 had ordered the submission of monthly returns by detached brigades, amended in 1861 to include all detached commands, “during campaigns,” and (2) General Order No. 72, June 21, 1898, instructed the commanding officers of all detached or independent batteries, troops, or companies in the field to forward a monthly company return directly to the Adjutant General’s Office. Between the years 1846 and about 1861, again after 1898, and during periods of campaigns there are many returns for battalions, companies, and detachments filed with the regimental monthly returns. There are, however, a few scattered returns for the period before 1846. For the most part the information contained on the returns of the independent units has been consolidated in the regular regimental monthly return. Despite this consolidation, the independent unit returns of the battalions, companies, and detachments have been reproduced in this microfilm publication for three reasons: (1) they are an integral part of the Adjutant General’s Office file of regimental monthly returns, (2) frequently there are more details under “Remarks” in the independent unit returns, and (3) occasionally, for unexplained reasons, there is a difference in or an absence of information in the regimental return. The Adjutant General’s Office issued to the companies, as it did to the regiments, a printed form with instructions for preparing the return. The Adjutant General appears never to have issued a form for independent battalions or detachments until Form M.S.O. No. 30, printed in 1904, was issued for “Troop, Battery, Company, or Detachment Monthly Returns.” Consequently independent units, other than companies, used any available form—regimental, com¬ pany, or post return form. SPECIAL FIELD RETURN AND FIELD RETURN. These returns were submitted by regiments, independent companies, and detachments. Form A.G.O. No. 26, Special Field Return, printed in February 1896, was set up to enable separate commands to carry'out the instructions of Army Regulations of 1895, paragraph 795, which required that, whenever the strength of a separate command was temporarily or permanently increased or diminished by moving any organization, “the commanding officer will immediately inform the Adjutant General of the Army direct, designating the organization moved, number and names of officers, and strength in men, animals, and arms.” When the Special Field Return was replaced by the Field Return in 1904, instructions on the form stated that it was to be used as a Daily Field Return, a Special Field Return, or a Trimonthly Field Return, as required. More precisely, the instructions stated that the form was to “be used upon the establishment or evacuation of a post or temporary camp, and upon the temporary or permanent increase or reduction of a garrison,” and one copy was to be forwarded at once directly to The Adjutant General. Further instructions were that “in active campaign this form will serve as the ‘Trimonthly Return’ and will be used for regiments, independent companies, posts, districts, brigades.” In such cases the form was to be made out in triplicate on the 10th, 20th, and last day of each month; one copy was to be sent directly to The Adjutant General, one copy was to be sent to the immediate commander, and one copy was to be retained. RETURN OF CASUALTIES. General Order No. 169, October 27, 1862, required that “after every battle, skirmish, or other engagement” every regiment or other detached part of a regiment was to promptly forward to the Adjutant General’s Office a correct return of persons killed, wounded, and missing. This requirement was further clarified by the Army Regulations of 1863, paragraph 465, which stated that, “after any action or affair, a return of the killed, wounded, and missing will be made, in which the name, rank, and regiment of each officer and soldier will be specified, with such remarks and explanations as may be requisite for the records of the Department of War, or be necessary to establish the just claims of any individual who may have been wounded, or of the heirs and representatives of any killed in action (taking care to specify the nature of the wound, the time and place of its occurrence, the company, regiment, or corps, and the name of the Captain, Colonel, or other commanding officer).” The first printed form for this return, which appeared in April 1898 and was titled “Return of Casualties,” provided space for “Record of Events” in addition to the other required information. Until the form was printed, this return was usually prepared in manuscript, but occasionally other forms, such as the “Morning Report” form, were adapted for use as a “Casualty Return.” 22 SELECT MICROFILM PUBLICATIONS: BLACK STUDIES TRIMONTHLY FIELD RETURN. A few copies of this return were filed with the regimental monthly returns. Inasmuch as information requested on this form was already being submitted directly to the Surgeon General, and the information requested was not desired by the Adjutant General’s Office, the use of this form was abolished by General Order No. 45, March 13, 1899, without reference to the initial instructions that required the submission of the return. Returns from Regular Army Infantry Regiments, June 1821-December 1916. M665, rolls 245-261, 293-296. $123* In the reorganization of the Infantry specified in War Department General Order No. 92, November 23, 1866, four new regiments, the 38th-41st Infantry Regiments, were created, to be composed of black men. War Department General Order No. 17, March 15, 1869, provided for the reduction of the number of regiments from 45 to 25. The old 38th and 41st were combined to form the 24th, and the old 39th and 40th formed the 25th. Throughout the latter part of the nineteenth century the two regiments served at various posts in the West, often assisting in the Indian Wars. Twenty-fourth Infantry: 245. Dec. 1866-Dec. 1872 .$6 246. Jan. 1873-Dec. 1880 .6 247. Jan. 1881-Dec. 1889 .6 248. Jan. 1890-Dec. 1897 .6 249. Jan. 1898-Dec. 1899 .6 250. Jan. 1900-Dec. 1901.6 251. Jan. 1902-Dec. 1905 .6 252. Jan. 1906-Dec. 1909 .7 253. Jan. 1910-Dec. 1916.7 Twenty-fifth Infantry: 254. Jan. 1867-Dec. 1873 .6 255. Jan. 1874-Dec. 1882 .6 256. Jan. 1883-Dec. 1890 .5 257. Jan. 1891-Dec. 1897 .5 258. Jan. 1898-Dec. 1900 .6 259. Jan. 1901-Dec. 1903 .5 260. Jan. 1904-Dec. 1908 .7 261. Jan. 1909-Dec. 1916.7 293. Thirty-eighth Infantry, Feb. 1867-Dec. 1869 .5 294. Thirty-ninth Infantry, Oct. 1866-Apr. 1869 .5 295. Fortieth Infanty, Nov. 1866-Apr. 1869 .5 296. Forty-first Infantry, Dec. 1866-Dec. 1869 .5 Returns From Regular Army Cavalry Regiments, 1833-1916. M744, rolls 87-102. $97* The Ninth and Tenth Cavalries were formed soon after the Civil War. The initial troops were recruited from the U.S. Colored Troops, which were volunteer units during the Civil War, and from recently freed slaves in the Southern States. While all the enlisted men were blacks, except for a very brief period in 1866-67 and the period when Lt. Henry O. Flipper served in the Tenth Cavalry, all officers were white. Both regiments had a distinguished record, serving in the West throughout the Indian Wars. During the Indian Wars 13 black soldiers earned the Medal of Honor. Ninth Cavalry: 87. Oct. 1866-Dec. 1872 .$5 88. 1873-80 .6 89. 1881-87 .6 90. 1888-95 .5 91. 1896-1900 .6 92. 190M.6 93. 1905-9 .7 94. 1910-16.7 Tenth Cavalry: 95. Sept. 1866-Dec. 1872 .6 96. 1873-80 .6 97. 1881-88 .5 98. 1889-96 .6 99. 1897-1900 .6 100. 1901-4.6 101. 1905-9 . 7 102. 1910-16.7 Returns From U.S. Military Posts, 1800-1916. M617. Selected rolls.* This microfilm publication consists of 1,550 rolls in two alphabetical sequences. On rolls 1-1491, each roll contains returns for a single post, although rolls for a specific post may be filmed on more than one roll. On rolls 1492-1550, where the number of returns is less than 20, returns for several posts are reproduced on each roll. The pamphlet describing this microfilm publication gives complete details of the contents of each roll. The rolls listed below are only a portion of the rolls that might relate to black soldiers. They were selected because of citations in various histories of the U.S. Colored Troops. The 38th and 41st Infantries were stationed in New Mexico, Texas, and Louisiana; the 39th in North Carolina, and the 40th in Louisiana. The 24th and 25th Infantries were stationed in Texas until 1880, when the 25th moved to Dakota and later to Montana. The 9th and 10th Cavalries after being organized in New Orleans, served in the Indian Wars in the Southwest. During the 1890’s the 9th served in Utah and Nebraska, the 10th in Montana. All four regiments served in Cuba during the Spanish-American War. 33. Apache, Fort, Aiiz., May 1870-Dec. 1877 .S7 34. Apache, Fort, Ariz., Jan. 1888-Dec. 1903 .7 35. Apache, Fort, Ariz., Jan. 1904-Dec. 1916 .7 42. Assiniboine, Fort, Mont., May 1879-Dec. 1891 .6 43. Assiniboine, I'ort, Mont., Jan. 1892-Dec. 1903 .6 ADJUTANT GENERAL’S OFFICE 1780’s-1917 44. Assiniboine, Fort, Mont., Jan. 1904-May 1911 . 76. Baracoa, Cuba, Mar. 1899-Aug. 1900 . 87. Bayard, Fort, N. Mex., Aug. 1866-Dec. 1879 . 88. Bayard, Fort, N. Mex., Jan. 1880-Dec. 1894 . 89. Bayard, Fort, N. Mex., Jan. 1895-Dec. 1905 . 90. Bayard, Fort, N. Mex., Jan. 1906-Dec. 1916. 92. Beale’s Springs, Camp, Ariz., Mar. 1871-Mar. 1874 . 116. Bliss, Fort, Tex., Jan. 1854-Dec. 1871 . 117. BUss, Fort, Tex., Jan.1872-Dec. 1885 . 118. Bliss, Fort, Tex., Jan. 1886-Dec. 1897 . 119. BUss, Fort, Tex., Jan. 1898-Dec. 1908 . 120. Bliss, Fort, Tex., Jan.1909-Dec. 1916. 151. Brown, Fort, Tex., May 1846-Feb. 1861. 152. Brown, Fort, Tex., June 1866-Dec. 1886 . 153. Brown, Fort, Tex., Jan.1887-Dec. 1902 . 154. Brown, Fort, Tex., Jan. 1903-Sept. 1915. 166. Caibarien Barracks, Cuba, Apr. 1899-Feb. 1909 . 182. Cardenas and Cardenas Barracks, Cuba, Dec. 1898-Feb. 1909 . 207. Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 1895-Aug. 1910. 210. Cienfuegos, Cuba, Feb. 1899-Jan. 1909 . 214. Clark, Fort, Tex., Dec. 1866-Dec. 1881. 215. Qark, Fort, Tex., Jan. 1882-Dec. 1892 . 216. Clark, Fort, Tex., Jan. 1893-Dec. 1905 . 217. Clark, Fort, Tex., Jan. 1906-Dec. 1916. 241. Concho, Fort, Tex., Dec. 1867-Dec. 1878 . 242. Concho, Fort, Tex., Jan. 1879-June 1889 . 247. Constancia, Cuba, Nov. 1906-Dec. 1908 . 275. Cummings, Fort, N. Mex., Oct. 1863-Sept. 1866 . 297. Davis, Fort, Tex., Sept. 1854-Dec. 1878 . 298. Davis, Fort, Tex., Jan. 1879-June 1891. 319. Dodge, Fort, Kans., Jan. 1866-Oct. 1882 . 335. Duncan, Fort, Tex., Mar. 1849-Mar. 1861. 336. Duncan, Fort, Tex., Mar. 1868-Aug. 1883 . 414. Grant, Fort, Ariz., Oct. 1865-Dec. 1874 . 415. Grant, Fort, Ariz., Jan. 1875-Dec. 1894 . 416. Grant, Fort, Ariz., Jan. 1895-Oct. 1905 . 429. Griffin, Fort, Tex., July 1877-May 1881 . 435. Hale, Fort, S. Dak., July 1870-July 1884 . 453. Marker, Fort, Kans., Oct. 1864-Mar. 1873 . 459. Harrison, WilUam Henry, Fort, Mont. Sept. 1895-Dec. 1905 . 460. Harrison, WilUam Hem-y, Fort, Mont. Jan. 1906-Sept. 1914. 469. Hays, Fort, Kans., Nov. 1865-Dec. 1875 . 470. Hays, Fort, Kans., Jan. 1876-Oct. 1889 . 572. Keogh, Fort, Mont., Sept. 1876-Dec. 1886 . 573. Keogh, Fort, Mont., Jan. 1887-Dec. 1897 . 574. Keogh, Fort, Mont., Jan. 1898-July 1912 . 578. Key West and Key West Barracks, Fla., Jan. 1898-Dec. 1907 . 599. Earned, Fort, Kans., Nov. 1859-Dec. 1869 . 600. Earned, Fort, Kans., Jan. 1870-July 1878 . 611. Leavenworth, Kans., Jan. 1851-Dec. 1869 . 687. McKavett, Fort, Tex., Mar. 1852-Dec. 1872 . 688. McKavett, Fort, Tex., Jan. 1873-June 1883 . 764. Meade, Fort, S. Dak., Aug. 1878-Dec. 1891. 765. Meade, Fort, S. Dak., Jan. 1892-Dec. 1903 . 766. Meade, Fort, S. Dak., Jan 1904-Dec. 1916 . 782. Missoula, Fort, Mont., June 1877-Dec. 1893 . 783. Missoula, Fort, Mont., Jan.1894-Dec. 1908 . 784. Missoula, Fort, Mont., Jan. 1909-Dec. 1916. 985. Quitman, Fort,Tex., Sept. 1858-Jan. 1877 . 988. Randall, Fort, S. Dak., June 1856-Dec. 1866 . 989. RandaU, Fort, S. Dak., Jan. 1867-Dec. 1879 . 990. Randall, Fort, S. Dak., Jan. 1880-Nov. 1892 . 1008. Richardson, Fort, Tex., June 1866-May 1878 . 1028. Robinson, Fort, Nebr., Apr. 1874-Dec. 1884 . 1029. Robinson, Fort, Nebr., Jan. 1885-Dec. 1894 . 1030. Robinson, Fort, Nebr., Jan. 1895-Dec. 1906 . 1031. Robinson, Fort, Nebr., Jan. 1907-Dec. 1916. 1156. Shaw, Fort, Mont., July 1867-Dec. 1875 . $6 5 V 6 7 6 7 5 6 6 6 6 , 7 , 6 , 7 , 7 . 5 . 5 . 5 . 6 , 5 . 7 . 7 . 7 . 7 . 6 . 6 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 6 . 7 . 6 . 7 . 6 24 SELECT MICROFILM PUBLICATIONS; BLACK STUDIES 1157. Shaw, Fort, Mont., Jan. 1876-Dec., 1882 1158. Shaw, Fort, Mont., Jan. 1883-Sept. 1891 1173. Sill, Fort, Okla., Mar. 1869-Dec. 1875 1174. Sill, Fort, Okla., Jan. 1876-Dec. 1887 1175. Sill, Fort, Okla., Jan. 1888-Dec. 1900 1176. Sill, Fort, Okla., Jan. 1901-Dec. 1908 1177. Sill, Fort, Okla., Jan. 1909-Jan. 1917 $6 6 5 7 7 6 7 1229. Stockton, Fort, Tex., Apr. 1859-Dec. 1874 1230. Stockton, Fort, Tex., Jan. 1875-June 1886 1243. Supply, Fort, Okla., Nov. 1868-Dec. 1879 1244. Supply, Fort, Okla., Jan. 1880-Dec. 1894 1265. Thomas, Camp, Ariz., Aug. 1876-Jan. 1891 1339. Wallace, Fort, Kans., Mar. 1866-Dec. 1873 1340. Wallace, Camp, Luzon, P.I. Jan. 1874-May 1882 GENERAL RECORDS The Negro in the Military Service of the United States, 1639-1886. M858. 5 roUs. $33* This microfilm publication reproduces a compUation of copies of official records, State papers, and historical extracts relating to the military status and service of Negroes from the Colonial period through 1886, pre¬ pared under the direction of Brig. Gen. Richard C. Drum, Adjutant General, and by Elon A. Woodward, Chief of the Colored Troops Division of the Adjutant General’s Office, 1888. The documents are arranged chronologically. 1. 1639-1862 .$7 2. 1863 . 3. 1864 . 4. 1865-77 . 5. Treatment and exchange of prisoners of war, 1862-65; Regular Army, 1866-86 . 6 25 ^ I M 'Inil' 4‘ »« tAl7 4i ill H »f*k l||A4Kf<^ I ■» * • • I, 0g, \ 4»>..4ltik lK«»' '\4>. «U. ’W ^ (4^7 I 13 V •"'.t •! '■• '••■ v-t.r,.- fHi*, .•M : ! I i*- t^ns ^*(1 #«^^r birti?l.>*> .at* 'ii^ ht/0 .V4iuf$p!34rK-| <11(19 f^lUAiiUhw $LA(Xim0 A|J» i*H »a }r»4«p» I i,>4( .^^' ^HOJ351 J/ f!^4 |AI4 I 'kX .. k .4. r# I 1 • • f * < « • ^. I. • • ‘‘4•«• I ■ '.»ft■' ,1 •*'• •«••»<.... i%i< .. t.tifi ,s l't>i ■••••«•*« kk - '•« 1^9 t »€ •’ •' *■!»••’• •> >«.« Tfjl It, «iwnkl«a to i««Mrfviia Dfta >«?t(i# l**t(r .« # ■ i . . .t tm.l • • AfSl? ftoilrr^ 4d| |i •.■1fs5f' I k MvIlqOM . RirtlOiidgfq wiV'i.wn it ,!(• ,q»tj bI*.> 8 ,»^tinflfj .fas4!Vj lo U ?^« Ml«>« khIHmh vti OJ fnHitfei 3»'»98 to aW«-> »(»l !19tl ftl tHiC '>»ulW >10 irt;)i iitogis.i) r>> ni/l „*.< f tnA *■1 iQ )li»iki 6 lA wuTJ bn^i V nUiD «1l uniiu b^aiuifcn. MW »d /vi ■ (d ll»»* 'intH tirailw Of fitol ** sOiYiji M cvAA .f-.iioD «ai«Ti{iif2 J£.X} i)!b b«w ntyaut^ Cffli livb t tg j(iow Uk' imnu n Ut^n nt> lo ^itc«3 'vncMd Ug^ h«f(A ittHmH h >*C^ j^ifl Ji (UftM ir b»)(>ro^a 3*! 1*^1 M wrfir. ■«! w.rvjQwwO ttgiftflA kindfcntMol u!l •Um Off lol baiw^ jj) tf<*I mnH I’.j rKKJ&to'kt)l • t«»th|fW>3 fft «nKt) -U‘W ■wdw hf» «UCKiMaryil»^> t»f «**'/»! rtct%(MiH*3V iiwj'dra bwNi ad ?itdw gii.diA ui triti«i ru^ihlAk tn i$qqU'i Hqotul 4 afhS vuid s/ifsiiA M nH Jlciiisfl) to(}a^i|3 lai^kjrDqtfA »'W >;vii4i 1* ^»»iA *r| f»M •iffWWi Ml wott*3iida^ rrtfjkn:^ dWl <’Mi!jO trufsdl to iim *0 ymtAilWPl 4 h Wri fUb'<\ it * -vM cw!i»l s itniij’tUt fuA'^ ’>K4ito 3(nii^fl^aoCVi» itsto fttw aifi) mII ■•f-4^111^ it-e»'M inra^swi A Afil ^fir U4>44 «x' rfgitw :f|Er *) I it*/ jijtiiuM ji,U Art) ta>yH t«toT^ («j1A Mrf 41 6i fi*A) ol _iw ((toif btn ,Ct %iyl *»» v«^. ’a-K 'W iCi' « a« -r uypi* 4.^ V* t *«<»« ¥**ur' - **** >« >*.» M 4 ■ ♦' u ♦♦yy lir . ^ •4ia(.') ,■ '»',■■> ^^ K i ttm uim C -fi • *• tfMHsSUM 4*^ 1ii» ,4Al -'T* *f >4/^01^^ *■ , •. .%< <»• ■■> ^«*'4» . ."I ^ .ijijiithoq in- > ••.,» A fMmi Si* - . ■ .i'fti■ ^ -.. 4H»dAm ■• j f- '-. i< 1 1 ■ ■ fc iii I ..f.4 ^^ ( 4 t-. - ..3 a 0 I ^ .. A«)A«#ii|tr'/i (.>«rti^^-. Air ' ,' .• U»_«fc/lK ^ I **'-f - - -'.■4rfL,i^ ^ .«-»»i;JL-*’^' i -. u 'll.. 4 4 » 4y A- , SatI; *>'t *• -’’tlOMT. %r J%'4 T. l».sls? V^. ’' tit • • ' *C-: -. :'i. . . . Jk^* •• ' "■- Mr;u r* ■■ . 40 ^ ■vtMir U . .c^n »."A.atpn ?lM if nn i^' 4lr 5 » •. •/•<*r ^ IwD^r. imw Ar #1 tMMMia -. ‘ .< 1. 2'. Sf»» \.V. ii, *AkJl , ., -X >*• »: i>#. %«!*»M rv Ur ibMMMu^r- > A Kt, ♦?. IW«, T.v.i f» 'll 4»rt>ii «Di('y7 .1. yUm* *4# }>, V )V>H» 1^ .ItrA M 1 Ml . kM ^^riTJM ■ IMIl \.y iir- 4»r 14 irut ■ ‘ ' - it^l,^klh. t iBrir '»r tMr-1^'^* •• lA w,if>7 , . 'I < V.H, %sv. -Mt ♦. •*> r^J liiqii M- - irC^iM, 1 iMt .-#4 Ni***:* •••« U J* .... t - #•»#. Mhri »«* »( t\ >1» * •' .. •* 4f-; »• '£*!•»*! '^/JiAcwr^oi UA jitjti •rr *M'iulr<4lESiMnl<' %• ..r*- -Altiiiki tl Aiirt f)e«''aM>4M4 •wt*'• ■ -f. ul^ywIlaO>> .' '^AML, Mitf;alru4 Mtmi-tjil^ Mumnm -i. r* u - •'“i »y»^ JM v*^kr. X' .■ ' al v‘i„ 4 i-.K» r ... “■■ "■' ■ 1 . Ui' ...•;r‘-‘cT V%asH?W^.-' w: V JB ' -'.I.' ''5!^.ti£“ "Ti *' ‘ •Mf'J i-v** W-M fV * *,« * t^%aM *♦ ».• «r A ... y rti »*4Sr-'*, ' • -i.H k 41 fc . • •» . W -J' • II « »,-.- 'i, i r, M f*^ jAhA ^ * .. ■«> ‘ * . - •.-.iM. f 1 nr Ip*Mi*' fjAtO^ 'tD> m^c'VCa^- . s (•••*•. >** ‘ 4< ‘J *<• .-«r • '4‘ Records of the Office of the Secretary of the Interior (R ecord Group 48) Records of the Office of the Secretary of the Interior Relating to the Suppression of the African Slave Trade and Negro Colonization, 1854-1872. M160.10 rolls.$56* This microfilm publication reproduces three bound volumes and some unbound records of the Office of the Secretary of the Interior relating to the suppression of the slave trade and the colonization of recaptured and free blacks. By acts of 1807 and 1819, Congress prohibited the importation of slaves into the United States. The act of 1819 authorized the President to employ U.S. armed vessels to seize any ships or vessels of the United States engaged in the slave trade and to arrange for the return of captured Africans to Africa. Initially the Secretary of the Navy held primary responsibility for enforcing these laws. On May 2, 1861, President Lincoln assigned to the Secretary of the Interior the responsibility for executing the laws that had been enacted to suppress the slave trade and to handle African colonization. Cooperating with Great Britain, during the 1860’s America vigorously enforced the antislave trade laws. While the attempts to suppress the slave trade succeeded, attempts at colonization were less successful. 1. Letters sent, Sept. 8, 1858-Feb. 1, 1872, relating mainly to the capture of slave ships and vessels being outfitted for the slave trade; judicial proceedings against persons engaged in the slave trade; colonization attempts at lie a Vache, Haiti; projected colonization schemes in the Danish West Indies, the British West Indies, and British Honduras; and the delivery of re¬ captured Africans to Liberia. Also copies of contracts concerning the colonization of liberated Africans on the Isthmus of Chiriqui in the Republic of New Granada and on He a Vache .$5 2. Register of letters received, Aug. 11, 1858-Feb. 3, 1872 .5 3. (1) Communications from the President, Aug. 31, 1858-Jan. 28, 1864, consisting mainly of letters origi¬ nally referred to the President by the Secretary of the Interior and returned with the President’s approval or comments; and a copy of a letter dated May 2, 1861, from President Lincoln designating the Department as the agency responsible for executing the laws relating to the suppression of the slave trade (2) Communications from the Department of State, Nov. 6, 1860-Nov. 7, 1870, induing letters referred by that Department to the Secretary of the Interior; correspondence relating to the slave ships Delicia and William L. Cogswell ; letters relating to colonization on the island of Fernando Po near Kingston, Jamaica, and at Quito, Eduador; and information concerning the activities and termination of the Mixed Courts of Justice (3) Communications from the War Department, May 31, 1860-May 22, 1871, relating to the capture of a French slave ship, the request from the Secretary of War for authorization to tear down the barracoons at Key West, Fla., the refusal of the War Department to permit J. B. Pinney and A. A. Constantine to visit Fort Moruoe, Va., and the claim of Rev. James Mitchell for compensation as Commissioner of Emigration (4) Communications from the Navy Department, Sept. 6, 1858-Sept. 3, 1862, including inspection reports on vessels offered for the transportation of liberated blacks; reports of Rev. John Seys, U.S. Agent for liberated Africans in Liberia (forwarded by the Secretary of the Navy to the Secretary of the Interior); and information relating to the capture of the slave hngBonito (5) Communications from the Treasury Department, July 18, 1860-Feb. 3, 1872, relating mainly to salary drafts of personnel of the Mixed Courts of Justice and of special agents outside the United States, accounts of U.S. Marshals, and payment of prize money. In¬ cluded are a copy of a contract between the United States and the American Colonization Society, and a statement of the expenses and disbursements of the U.S. marshal at New York, Dec. 18, 1862-Sept. 18, 1864 (6) Communications from the Attorney General, Apr. 13, 1859-June 2, 1865, relating to the compensation of J. W. Wayne as assistant counsel for the United States in the prosecution of the brig Echo, the com¬ pensation of George C. Whiting, and the legality of Rev. James Mitchell’s claim (7) Congressional resolutions and correspondence, 1861-66, relating to the suppression of the slave trade and the compensation of judges of the Mixed Courts of Justice, to contracts with the American Coloniza¬ tion Society and to Rev. John Seys, to the slave bark Augusta, to vessels and persons engaged in the slave trade in the Southern District of New York, 1852-62, and to colonization accomplishments.$6 4. (1) Abstracts of laws of 34 States relating to blacks (2) Miscellaneous letters received relating to the sup¬ pression of the slave trade, Dec. 30, 1858-Feb. 3, 1871. They include letters from D. H. Hamilton, U.S. marshal at Charleston, S.C., letters relating to claims for compensation in the suppression of the slave trade; expense accounts of agents; reports from the customs collector’s office at New Orleans and from special agents pertaining to their activities; requests for com- 65 66 SELECT MICROFILM PUBLICATIONS; BLACK STUDIES pensation for the use of the tug Achilles in the Augusta case; and a printed appeal on behalf of fugitives from slavery in America .$5 5. (1) Communications from U.S. attorneys, 1860-69, pertaining to their activities in the prosecution of per¬ sons engaged in the slave trade (2) Communications from E. Delafield Smith, U.S. at¬ torney for the Southern District of New York, Apr. 12, 1861-Sept. 26, 1867, relating to the cases of the slave ships Augusta, Nightingale, and Erie-, papers re¬ lating to the claim for wages of the crew of the William L. Cogswell-, letters from Robert Murray and other interested persons concerning payment for ser¬ vices in the use of the tug Achilles-, and accounts of disbursements under the fund for the suppression of the slave trade (3) Copies of correspondence between J. C. Van Dyke, U.S. attorney at Philadlelphia, and the State and Treasury Departments, and communications from Van Dyke to the Interior Departments, and com¬ munications from Van Dyke to the Interior Depart¬ ment, Aug. 10, 1854-Mar. 21, 1862, relating to various slave ships, his claims for expenses incurred in the suppression of the slave trade, and the testimony of witnesses in the trial of James G. Damaud for piracy (4) Documents relating to the slave bark Augusta, 1861-62, consisting of; (a) General incoming correspondence, July 3, 1861-Mar. 8, 1862, including communications from Robert Murray, U.S. marshal at New York, and E. Delafield Smith, attorney at New York, relating to the case of the Augusta-, communications from Judge Wilham D. Shipman pertaining to the request of the Secretary of the Interior that he conduct an investiga¬ tion into charges of collusion between Federal officers and parties engaged in the slave trade; and the decision of Secretary of the Interior exonerating the accused (b) One volume of testimony in the investigation ordered by the Secretary of the Interior at New York in Dec. 1861 on the charges of collusion (c) Exhibits identified as B-I, K, and L-Y, consisting primarily of correspondence, Oct.-Dec. 1861 .6 6. (1) Communications relating to U.S. marshals. Mar. 13, 1857-Mar. 9, 1869, including correspondence per¬ taining to the slave trade in the vicinity of Florida and the recovery of Africans in South Carolina; reports concerning numerous slave ships; the findings of the grand jury and the testimony of witnesses in the escape of Appleton Oaksmith from the Boston jail; correspondence and depositions from the U.S. marshal in New York and his aides in regard to alleged mis¬ conduct of certain officers in the escape of the Storm King-, and letters concerning the rescue of the fugitive slave Shadrack at Boston (2) Communications relating to T. J. Moreno, U.S. marshal for the Southern District of Florida, May 4, 1860-Apr. 3, 1862, including reports on various slave ships; correspondence relating to drafts drawn by Moreno; reports concerning recaptured Africans trans¬ ported to Liberia on ships of the American Coloniza¬ tion Society; a statistical report showing the number of births and deaths among the Africans at Key West, Fla., and the number transported to Liberia; and correspondence and testimonials pertaining to Moreno’s loyalty to the Union (3) Communications from Robert Murray, U.S. marshal for the Southern District of New York, May 11,1861-Apr. 1869, relating mainly to his claim and to that of Joseph Thompson, first deputy marshal, for compensation in recognition of extra services rendered and expenses incurred in suppression of the slave trade; letters relating to the investigation conducted by Judge Shipman in the Augusta case; reports relating to various slave ships, and the claim of Russell Stugis for compensation for the use of the Achilles-, copy of a bill for the more effectual suppression of the slave trade; and letters from the Treasury Department per¬ taining to the settlement of Murray’s accounts (4) Correspondence, Apr. 24, 1860-Nov. 7, 1861, pertaining to the claim of Lucien Peyton for services rendered in the case of the slave ship Wanderer .$6 7. (1) Communications relating to Benjamin Pringle, judge of the Mixed Courts of Justice at Cape Town, South Africa, Mar. 15, 1863-Apr. 1, 1870, including correspondence pertaining to the organization and accounts of the court, the payment of salary drafts, and a leave of absence for Judge Pringle (2) Communications from Truman Smith, judge of the Mixed Courts of Justice at New York, May 4, 1863-Oct. 24, 1870, relating to court accommoda¬ tions, accounts for rent, and salary drafts (3) Communications relating to Charles V. Dyer, judge of the Mixed Courts of Justice at Sierra Leone, British Africa, Jan. 5, 1861-Mar. 30, 1866, including correspondence pertaining to financial difficulties, and increase in the compensation of Dryer and of Timothy Hibbard, arbitrator of the court, and Dyer’s salary drafts (4) Communications relating to George W. Palmer, judge of the Mixed Court at Sierra Leone, Apr. 20, 1867-Dec. 22, 1879, including correspondence pertaining to the accounts of the court and payment of salary drafts; and Judge Parlmer’s letter of resigna¬ tion (5) Communications relating to William L. Avery, U.S. arbitrator of the Mixed Court at Cape Town, Feb. 9, 1863-May 31, 1869, including correspondence per¬ taining to accounts and salary drafts, the assassination of President Lincoln, and Avery’s departure from Cape Town (6) Communications relating to Timothy Hibbard, arbitrator of the Mixed Court at Sierra Leone, Feb. 10, 1863-Apr. 20, 1867, including correspondence pertaining to the interpretation of the treaty for sup¬ pression of the slave trade, the organization and accounts of the court, salary accounts, activities of the court, and the death of Hibbard .5 8. (1) Communications relating to Rev. James Mitchell, emigration agent of the Department of the Interior, Apr. 8, 1862-June 6, 1865, including correspondence promoting colonization in Haiti, a draft of a letter from the Secretary of the Interior to President Lincoln recommending the discontinuance of Mitchell’s ser¬ vices, correspondence between Mitchell and the Secretary relating to the former’s position and authority, letters concerning Mitchell’s claim for com¬ pensation, and a copy of a report from Mitchell to President Lincoln concerning colonization (2) Miscellaneous letters pertaining to colonization. May 23, 186()-Oct. 10, 1868, including communica¬ tions to the Secretary of State concerning offen to transport recaptured blacks to Liberia; requests for appointment as agents, reports from agents; a copy of a note from the Spanish Minister to the Secretary of State concerning colonization on the island of Fernando Po; communications relating to proposed OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR 67 colonization on the islands of Guadeloupe and Mar¬ tinique, and in Mexico; and colonization accounts (3) Communications relating to colonization in British Honduras, Mar. 7, 1861-May 20, 1863, includ¬ ing several of the James Grant papers, copies of original land grants in British Honduras, letters from John Hodge, an agent of the British Honduras Company, and pamphlets concerning the advantages of colonization in British Honduras (4) Communications relating to S. C. Pomeroy, U.S. colonization agent. Sept. 12, 1862-jan. 30, 1872, including a copy of his instructions, a contract be¬ tween the United States and Ambrose Thompson per¬ taining to colonization on the Isthmus of Chiriqui, and correspondence regarding the settlement of accounts (5) Records relating to negotiations with Denmark concerning colonization, Apr. 23, 1862-Oct. 3, 1865. Included are an agreement dated July 19, 1862, as to the receiving of recaptured blacks in St. Croix, Danish West Indies; printed and manuscript copies of the pro¬ visional act to regulate the relations between the proprietors of landed estates and the rural population of free laborers of the Danish West Indies; and a com¬ munication from the Danish Legation to the State Department regarding the agreement of 1861 (6) Miscellaneous contracts and agreements pertaining to colonization, 1860-65, including proposals for furnishing ships to transport blacks from Key West, Fla., copies of contracts with the American Coloniza¬ tion Society for transporting blacks from Key West to Liberia and for the support of liberated Africans, a copy of an agreement between the Republic of Liberia and the American Colonization Society regarding re¬ captured Africans landed in Liberia by the society under its contract with the United States, several drafts of contracts, the charter of the ship Ocean Ranger, a printed statement relating to the coloniza¬ tion of free blacks at He a Vache, and a draft of a Haitian Proclamation relating to colonization (7) Requisitions and letters, 1861-66, mainly letters from G. C. Whiting to the Secretary of the Interior or to the disbursing agent requesting requisitions for the U.S. marshals, and attorneys, or for Rev. James Mitchell.$6 9.(1) Documents pertaining to Bernard Kocks’ proposal for colonization at He a Vache, Sept. 6,1862-Mar. 21, 1863 (2) Correspondence dated Feb. 20, 1863-May 28, 1868, concerning the claim of Paul S. Forbes and Charles K. Tuckerman for the compensation specified under their contract with the United States to colo¬ nize He a Vache, including the signed contract be¬ tween the United States and Forbes and Tuckerman; testimonials regarding the ability of Forbes and Tuckerman to undertake the project; notice of the Ocean Ranger with 500 emigrants; and a printed state¬ ment of the circumstances attending the experiment of colonizing free blacks at He a Vache (3) Conespondence and reports relating to D. C. Don- nohue, special agent appointed to investigate the col¬ onization project at He a Vache, Sept. 10, 1863-May 9, 1864, including communications from the State De¬ partment that transmitted dispatches from the consul general at Haiti on the condition of the emigrants at He a Vache; a report from Allston Wilson regarding his visit to Haiti; correspondence between the Secretary of the Interior and Donnohue concerning the latter’s appointment as special agent; reports from Donnohue; and correspondence pertaining to the payment of drafts (4) Communications, Feb. 9, 1863-Jan. 18, 1869, re¬ lating to the claim of James De Long, U.S. consul at Aux Cayes, Haiti, for money expended assisting the colonists at He a Vache.$6 10.(1) Communications from Rev. John Seys, U.S. agent for liberated Africans at Monrovia, 1860-65, consisting of accounts and receipts for expenditures; reports concerning the arrival of American Colonization Soci¬ ety vessels and the condition of liberated Africans; and a report to the Secretary of the Interior concerning the contract between the American Colonization Society and the Liberian Government and the number of recaptured Africans delivered to the society’s agent (2) Accounts and financial conespondence of the American Colonization Society, Jan. 1861-May 1863, including communications from the Treasury Depart¬ ment to the Department of the Interior concerning accounts of the society (3) Communications pertaining to Rev. William McLain, financial secretary of the American Coloniza¬ tion Society, May 23, 1860-Dec. 2, 1868, including proposals for transporting Africans to Liberia, letters from McLain relating to the sailing schedules of the society’s ships, letters transmitting reports to the Department from agents; and correspondence concern¬ ing the claim of the American Colonization Society for the support of recaptured Africans.6 iiA c •.I’*'* 1,,.* •7 ,.^ «». V' '4^ *r^-««^ *■ api (•' 'fji f/. ? J 4^ ,|^ ; | 'V^^‘ ,'4».. 'A.|«wr«>«n., li»^ *- - 4i Ww y rtw> , A?; Ui* ,. ;.,7^ s I 44^i.*^ . .j ^ . ,./ '' i* ■* if'^■■'''*'J ■i ”??' * ‘ I Tf" * *4^ . - ^ ^ V‘*' * 9' "4 i> M ^ Mi<^- 'M . / ' > 4^\U4mk. ^ . <||tr-i|jt V - »• i*4* fW> m V 4j»» \tr\.i0^i W*-t^1fcW8.w ^^i%' I yj->4P^* *’W(i-»•• i ! «r.'‘ Ur #tft - •- ?«»i -•jmVi 1'' 1* » 1 . Vjrff . '1' ' i« *^>10 s'.' .t*,., ,•»> ■ fiiif. ^4if% nratJ jm - 'Ifflibd T'" ' ■ ' *f '*'*•' «t ^ ».‘i i' .-V-' V • s> »*♦ tvAUyr * it* 4t«ytif4n^w^.«. -M •, 4.11 tt yaai^Ur9#Vi,i0i9 naiBli ■•>•'*» ff «•!».'» 'ifiW-iliii 4 i m.'»'<» »<4' ftint . ♦ilf'*'1tfc^ «r»»%'«rv rtj, (»i* c* iw> v4||h#‘ • * Mp^ «^«•ty»4 i< I- t, •'. 4,' fir*’'! «..-- 1^, .iTfri;- I ■• - * *' • t** ,V w'>4< , t'ft*..( , .*/ r')^ MftF' I, ft* 'iU ' ' ’*#-. 4f/* •(*! * • )^>^»^ •»• ■ f* w> •'. ‘u,iw * '.i 4t«fu a^-*4 iy» L , V ‘ 4fb,mn^ ,1 tnatli 'y. KMfy >• 7 tit ‘ i‘»»i !*»i • I vK» » '«r ottifibtr’ •i ■»♦( rfir SatV »»i*i/-§ f*i» itit * (f.tfv VyUfl. »* . ’*• ‘ .*4^. i'hWitr; 9«1t • ■ ii'* IbIUh'sAvm*. ' w Si •» ■»r > ^-T» 1 ^ -.r. ftafl yr %-'>•#» •t'fit fl’dN'nu^ w^-' -fW ^ 'U»^'‘ t'yfi ..^.t ir. '^1 4*>l ?«J Yl M cMditfifil lal ^ ’ ^’’W *3^ ••■ucj^y'.! . Vj fiiV'vii' ’ Si')^ fcyift'iia ^^fSs'TO* «J> >!►» V"^ f^***'**’' i ''irpthii'ik Mi «• MhiftT v^Mii:a6#-4r 6*^ yWlMnwi iMf.' i'v- '•*«'< .' rti M ' .Miju.jftrn af/«J4mf '41*4 '*in'Vr 1 '^‘fr ^ iiri¥tiiyW4b'.-.aft .i^t^caip' .Jtli '*•■ -V UT i^Bp*r»i»r.4r.*1 (.< '• * ' ' 7><-« ri |-. ^■' <•«»• »- ttoan ♦ ^ ■ v- e. i- *-f-;. - oor t- r.w'-'-^M Ij , It., ». . 44; 'r'fWw'Vv J ‘I/* ♦'. o -■’■♦ "• ■‘-'W <«|«>-VS-t »4|i. ►•<> . 4 ^ .14 4 •ofl 4r«tf»o <*^4 *«i r 4 : UMMI < 1 4^41141 ' i • f 4t4ftHH .V • T* iC_.' It '*64, t. ^SVif » ..• b* IW tp ..,.. »< V -•^-^^ <1.. iy |p. t*b>aii a^{iH4| i« •«^n ►:- « ♦. y| >'Hi fr ff* V *Mkk,kk» aMft ><• S4i(fm a«4ifti4i iwf Naval Records Collection of the Office of Naval Records and Library (Record Group 45) Correspondence of the Secretary of the Navy Relating to African Colonization, 1819-44. M205. 2 rolls. $14* In this microfilm publication are reproduced six volumes of correspondence of the Secretary of the Navy relating to African colonization, January 5, 1819-May 29, 1844. Copies of a few documents of later date (August 18, 1856-September 8,1858) are included. The correspondence consists mainly of copies of letters sent by the Secretary of the Navy to agents of the United States stationed on the northwest coast of Africa for the purpose of receiving blacks freed by the capture of slave ships, and letters and reports received by the Secretary of the Navy from these agents. The volumes also contain correspondence of the Secretary of the Navy with the President, the Department of State, the Department of the Treasury, Federal judges, marshals and district attorneys. Navy agents, other Government officials, officials and members of the American Coloni¬ zation Society, and private individuals and firms. In¬ cluded among the correspondents are James Monroe, John Quincy Adams, John Marshall, William Wirt, and Francis Scott Key. The letters concern such matters as the seizure of vessels engaged in the African slave trade; the condemna¬ tion of these vessels in U.S. district courts; the arrange¬ ments for the shipment of liberated Africans to recep¬ tion centers on the northwest coast of Africa, including those at Sherbro Island, Cape Mesurado, Monrovia, and Thomastown; the establishment, maintenance, and sup¬ ply of these centers; the part played by U.S. naval vessels in suppressing the slave trade and in facilitating African colonization; and the activities of the American Coloni¬ zation Society and of State colonization societies. By an act of March 2, 1807, Congress prohibited the importation of slaves into the United States after January 1, 1808, and provided penalties for those engaged in the slave trade. Thus was initiated a campaign by the Government to suppress the African slave trade that was to continue for more than 60 years. An act of March 3, 1819, enacted stringent penalties for the crime of importing slaves and appropriated $100,000 to enforce the law. It also authorized the President to employ any of the armed vessels of the United States to seize and bring into a U.S. port any ships or vessels of the United States engaged in the slave trade; to make regulations and arrangements for the safekeeping, sup¬ port, and removal beyond the limits of the United States of blacks thus brought into the country; and “to appoint a proper person or persons, residing upon the coast of Africa, as agent or agents for receiving the negroes, mulattoes, or persons of color, delivered from on board vessels, seized in the prosecution of the slave trade, by commanders of the United States’ armed vessels.” Supervision of the agents appointed under this act was delegated to the Secretary of the Navy by President Monroe. Related closely to the work of these agents was that of the American Colonization Society, founded in December 1816 to colonize in Africa free blacks from the United States. It sent out a small colony in 1820, which was temporarily established on Sherbro Island off the coast of Sierra Leone until the Colonization Society obtained land in the territory southeast of Sierra Leone now known as Liberia. Ultimately a number of colonies were established in Liberia both by the American Colonization Society and by State colonization societies. Although the agents of the United States were instructed to keep their activities separate from those of the society, the agency of the United States and the Colonization Society maintained close relationships in Liberia, and the same man was occasionally the agent both for the United States and for the society. Before 1843 single vessels of the Navy were some¬ times employed on the coast of Africa to aid in the suppression of the slave trade and to assist the agents of the United States. Under the terms of the Webster- Ashburton Treaty of 1842, however, the United States and Great Britain agreed that each nation would maintain a squadron of not less than 80 guns to operate off the African coast in order to suppress the slave trade. As a result of this agreement, the African Squadron was established. Commodore Matthew C. Perry was ap- 69 70 SELECT MICROFILM PUBLICATIONS: BLACK STUDIES pointed its first commanding officer on March 10, 1843. The U.S. agency appears to have been rather inactive in the period from 1840 to 1860. On May 2, 1861, President Lincoln transferred to the Secretary of the Interior the duty of supervising the agency and the responsibility for executing all laws enacted for the sup¬ pression of the slave trade. The dwindling functions of the agent were assigned to the U.S. commissioner and consul general to Liberia in 1864. 1. Letters sent, Jan. 17,1820- May 29, 1844 (1 vol.), including copies of a few documents dated between Aug. 18,1856, and Sept. 8, 1858; and letters received, Jan. 5,1819-Dec. 31,1825 (2 vols.) .$7 2. Letters received, Jan. 1,1826- Mar. 10,1841 (3 vols.) . 7 Letters Received by the Secretary of the Navy From Commanding Officers of Squadrons, African Squadron, 1843-1861. RoUs 101-112. M89. 12 rolls. $70 These letters contain reports on naval activities; on the economic, social, and political life of the countries adjacent to the cruising area of the African Squadron; on countries at which the squadron touched in sailing to and from their cruising area; and on the enforcement of American laws against slave trading. The communica¬ tions are arranged in rough chronological order. 101. Apr. 10,1843-Apr. 29,1845 .$7 102. Jan. 14, 1845-Aug. 8, 1846 . 103. May 27,1848-Oct. 11, 1847 104. Nov. 22,1848-Sept. 3,1849 105. Oct. 11,1849-June 25,1851 106. Jan. 23,1851-Mar. 30,1853 107. Jan. 4,1853-Mar. 30,1855 . 108. Jan. 17, 1855-June 2,1857 . 109. June 9,1857-Aug. 31,1859 no. May 28,1859-Feb. 13,1860 111. Mar. 28-Sept. 30,1860 _ 112. Oct. 1,1860-Sept. 26,1861 Letter Books of Commodore Matthew C. Perry, March 10, 1843-February 20,1845. M206. 1 roll. $6 Under the terms of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842 the United States and Great Britain agreed that each nation would maintain in African waters a squad¬ ron to suppress the slave trade. Effective March 14, 1843, Commodore Matthew C. Perry was assigned to command the African Squadron. These letter books contain copies of communications sent by Commodore Perry during his command to the Secretary of the Navy, other officials of the Navy Department, naval officers, U.S. consular officials, and others. Included in the communications are reports and letters concerning the prevention of the slave trade and conditions in Liberian colonies of free blacks from the United States. Records of the Bureau of the Census (R ecord Group 29) For detailed information see Federal Population Censuses, 1790-1890 (1971). First Census of the United States, 1790. M637. 12 rolls. $77 Arranged by State, thereunder by county. Lists free blacks by name of head of household; all other members of the household are tallied statistically, but unnamed. Slaves are listed statistically by owner Second Census of the United States, 1800. M32. 52 roUs. $295 Arranged by State, thereunder by county. Lists free blacks by name of head of household; all other members of the household are tallied statistically, but unnamed. Slaves are listed statistically by owner Third Census of the United States, 1810. M252. 71 rolls. $411 Arranged by State, thereunder by county. Lists free blacks by name of head of household; all other members of the household are tallied statistically, but unnamed. Slaves are listed statistically by owner Fourth Census of the United States, 1820. M33. 142 rolls. $756 Arranged by State, thereunder by county. Lists free blacks by name of head of household; all other members of the household are tallied statistically, but unnamed. Slaves are listed statistically by owner Fifth Census of the United States, 1830. Ml9. 201 rolls. $1,323 Arranged by State, thereunder by county. Lists free blacks by name of head of household; all other members of the household are tallied statistically, but unnamed. Slaves are listed statistically by owner Skth Census of the United States, 1840. M704. 580 rolls. $3,447 Arranged by State, thereunder by county. Lists free blacks by name of head of household; all other members of the household are tallied statisically, but unnamed. Slaves are listed statistically by owner Seventh Census of the United States, 1850. M432. 1009 rolls. $6,988 Arranged by State, thereunder divided into free schedules and slave schedules. Both are organized by county. Free schedules name all members of the household. Slave schedules list slaves by owner, giving sex and age, occasionally naming the slaves Eighth Census of the United States, 1860. M653. 1,438 rolls. $10,088 Arranged by State, thereunder divided into free schedules and slave schedules. Both are organized by county. Free schedules name all members of the household. Slave schedules list slaves by owner, giving sex and age, occasionally naming the slaves Ninth Census of the United States, 1870. M593. 1,748 rolls. $12,681 Arranged by State, thereunder by county. Gives names and ages of all members of the household Tenth Census of the United States, 1880. T9. 1,454 rolls. $10,872 Arranged by State, thereunder by county. Gives names and ages of aU members of the household Eleventh Census of the United States, 1890. M407. 3 rolls. $20 Only a small fragment survived a fire in the Com¬ merce Department building, January 1921 71 SA DC 74-3790 •ar'/' w ;vi>‘ A|/ 'IT<' '' > W ■ ’ ' t 'Vc I# t** *thif ffiirau I <”•'• M I' ' ' ’’'■■■ f*''«■ i‘W'.’'r^S:,u:«VJS ^***0^ $38i '•»H.4<(. .ti • .. #ii ‘ iw ^k) tut'I , , * ' • • tf fire'it. ' W- , -, , *^' ■’.,/* ‘”'1^, ' t4:t* . ....- r IIU us blVV'Hr,>114 .mt .1 ■ • • tf fir e'it. ' W- -, , ■ ' t4:t* • ' 4 V *f"nf C' ■' !-,!. * .* '-L .f>.rt ...j * •iv ^ V^ (i: • itf\iMr^ Uiv>v>H ^ IIAtsAwiio 1:1 . |UK.«. 0{ CiT'ir.tilivif * ' * ^5’'- tei Y»^ V"W*r6f'<™ v.,) «-,j •-'Uni # v>« l.< --..tWt.td* '•■< ^. Jrv.'. ' ut To . ’‘*t M'-'i <'3Mi7,l| *p - 0 >«ll 'ttaj 806^4^ ^.'WrlitJ, >{<<, Ltsiuh'^A «4W 'll. !♦ .ivVii-T "**»vr. iMMiUnco^^ *arsd» uri V ■'i ■'.',. “ *1 ./ 4]^g /• ot i, ' ., ■ , ', ■«• I ' 4l*ui«4»iJt«llli^j itj .»..«• KJh«U<;«^ ffr * A ' '■ ••* y^f/i MV 'K. -afti ut 76- . tf it,: 4nv^ *'■' r '-ST- T« ^ .>'i v, ItMiO Sviw4 9^ '£.'' ■ » ■ ,1 I rJtlA by ^ ?#tiv u.at.t-iui ■ •'—atyi ■’s ^ . .4 . r» v(« n> U.' '1 Hi tffp )*&(vtib W'bfUtvi'itti) ,>u>2 yd tH%i,cuA ^ VtSTf'j.vP* f.-' |)'Js*8l sti? bni ^'i hJ^oit'■ .'>v wi.'R'i ir*L(«*,i!ir r«i> .iriuyta \'- iftewo, -d .«a< 2 \;d IjvifAfrHf - ',J :t*f/ r ^^^^*^ Ntf, 'i,? 'Ky !w-»t •7*.I 0V»- jttifJ 'll, tttKvl rr^lJ) .'i(iW 'jo yd n»l!t,N/>i*,1| yd f.ic rij^tiitd tu'.'i V( lit !wn W-uirr:j»n ‘'vt-W i 3S<4|' UsliiMj J.I' ^ . . 05i*ttu» rt(O vtf f»r arqi * l» ttviiR ti'aoatcil s i^«0 IlSff y\,ujull ^it'iSud »«?«» f;ill^>#j:''-*:'i^3i ..?1« > iv** iV 1 -T»fr *; .ifio', K .X11I4 'MU.'. 6^»(iriy <«0 r. »*nAS l .ytfllfUS f d l' U,;:tt9dt . X# !,« m< 'rii9t(toJlU (>lod9«;iDd>o|^V» • ifl ytl ftwiiMtittr JuJ tyllf iu i,iia bfUUT i *:■ f»>'''- Ait. , -IlfVO vd \(T :£fi4 O^dl .atarid b-jtioU «di It, i^mnj M 9 \3ii laiJ yinu'-ai yC '♦Nttwafli ,^1**''** ^^«srt^^*n utdVi li£4/ikjfbttuN^ bt-jJ |o ft^nn ^ji itxe^. J/»vt‘i*tmi ^l^ «u M' »#o t ‘lltiK l(K ,#ll^ ^4Ml ,ry<«}3IvsIln'J k') I 19 «c.i, •tl yd HiMiniaHi «srjd^. yd -r.* fit., ij'iylacifod )t> K»d V. -(vito yd i^>afd. ^ irtffltfwrB t4^ bMCfi 5n* btodaiood ^ ttt/ivvo ytl x|k343cijuai b*fSi ST t V^I ^ J ^ OM »■! rtc^^^i^biSiwSnsJi AmakK **i rHi w^ltf'r. T^iftnun omim-Ukiim >u «it(ii JtAubt#}bit «il ini^t i(g| . w tr< 4ipjif> lol mi •waimmi o) w lur^ v J I .1 > . r.-’TH- •. *»pp -r i.fOO T . . •vy^m A .0'< S, •' ifi*# ff^no Mjjsscm^ia HI*., », --- .1 ...Hu . - —hr •4 ) «' .>«Lv Bllli •I«^I . (t , 1 —- _ i ,n3<^i y jwoK Q .x^*' U.’ .’TAiH)awtrt'uu^ir -.ia lAweit,." i a^r-n JAW • •*1 M>t<7* Aiii> l«.'? '♦;■*»* ,*tri| ? \rj .iCI lARTtlwtMKlMinorVA jA|.1 ■ * I 1 ■ 1 *1,, ■ T - • **'■,*■ : ). • *'iV4jrt V- “hlili^lH M .-r e«. ffmin I- (.AJUt' (.;»■ 1*^ JT _ _<^* os: "X! ."-■.fer'i'-^y i ^ tUti »(.•>». V»twif mJSW ♦■f: i*« ttfiiM JlitgiH' r^)io«tJvp09«ol j 3 \ 4 Ul4y'^ ruvn/t f tfVlf *lA JAf^OJlAi' a» i * A *■« '**» A»i-’ rf*y MIA' S • . ■«