Oak Street UNCLASSIFIED Univ.Qf III; Library S3 15/3 cu OUTLINE BIBLE STUDY COURSES , op THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF SACRED LITERATURE Four Letters of the Apostle Paul THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PEESS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Bgents THE BAKEB & TAYLOE COMPANY NEW YOKE THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON AND EDINBUBGH Copyright by Ernest D. Burton OUTLINE BIBLE STUDY COURSES OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF SACRED LITERATURE Four Letters of the Apostle Paul A Short Course THIS COURSE IS ONE OF A SERIES OF SHORT COURSES FROM TWO TO FOUR MONTHS IN LENGTH , DESIGNED FOR PERSONS WHO DO NOT CARE TO ENTER UPON ONE OF THE REGULAR ELEMENTARY COURSES OF THE INSTITUTE COVERING A PERIOD OF NINE MONTHS. THE MATERIAL IS IN PART DUPLICA TED IN THE LONGER COURSE IN THE FOUNDING OF THE CHRISTIA N CHURCH. THE FEE OF TWENTY-FIVE CENTS PAID FOR THIS MA TERIAL ENTITLES THE STUDENT TO MEMBERSHIP IN THE INSTITUTE FOR ONE YEAR, WITH PRIVILEGE OF CORRESPONDENCE, QUESTION SHEETS, AND CERTIFICATE FOR HIS WORK IF SATISFACTORILY DONE. PREPARED BY ERNEST DE WITT BURTON THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Copyright 1908 By The American Institute op Sacred Literatcr All Rights Reserved Published April 1908 Second Impression October 1912 Composed and Printed By The University of Chicago Press Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. FOREWORD TO THE STUDENT 1. Work regularly. Have a definite time for your work every day, and as regularly as possible use that time for your work. 2. Read intelligently. Consider as you read whether you understand what you are reading. If there is a word the meaning of which you do not know, look it up. Many such words can be found in any English dictionary; for others, refer to the Dictionary of Terms in the book. But do not, if you can avoid it, pass over a word without knowing what it means. 3. Read attentively. Notice the character of what you are reading. Some of the sections in the present course are narrative, relating events in the history of the early church. Others contain speeches, and still others extracts from letters. When studying narrative, fix in mind the facts narrated. When studying a speech or a letter, follow carefully the course of thought. In either case try to fix the substance of the section in mind as you read. 4. Record the results of your study. Have your notebook always at hand as you study, and use it freely to make your thought clear, and to help you to hold what you have gained. Everyday’s reading ought to give you some result so clear and definite that you can write it down. Frequently let your note be a summary in your own words of the narrative or teaching of the passage studied. At other times note down whatever most impresses you, whatever you have got for yourself from the passage. 5. Make frequent reviews. The portions assigned for each day’s reading are very brief. Much of what is most interesting and instructive will come to you only as you connect these short portions together, and see the events or the teachings in relation to each’other. Often turn back, and recall what you have* read, using the out- line to help you. Do this again and again, so that, if possible, when you have finished the course you will be able to recall the picture of the apostolic church, as far as it is reflected in these letters with clearness and appreciation. 6. Try to keep the outline in mind, so that you can hold the argument as you pass from one day’s wotk to another. A most helpful exercise in the study of a letter is that of paraphrasing, that is, trying to write out in your own language the thought of a section or a speech. By reviewing this paraphrase each day before going on with the reading, the progress of the argument is clearly seen, and a valuable record of the work is kept. 7. Study with open mind and heart. The study of the Bible ought not only to store the mind, but to mold the heart and shape the life. It is possible, indeed, to be in too great haste to find the practical lesson in every passage. You must first of all get the facts and the teachings, as facts and teachings; and many of the best lessons as already suggested, come not from a single section but from the readings of many days. Be not in haste, then, but be sure that this history of the early days of the Christian church has lessons for us in these later days. See to it that your heart is open to them, and when they come fail not to receive them and to live by them. Memorize short passages which appeal to you. 8. Since this material is part of a larger course, the section numbers begin not with one, but with thirty-nine. The Dictionary of Terms referred to costs ten cents, but any good Bible dictionary or the Encyclopaedia Britannica may be used equally well. .'.BRARY m MfrnciTV INTRODUCTION THE LETTER TO THE GALATIANS It is always a matter of interest in studying a letter to know as much as possible concerning both the writer and the persons addressed, especially of their relations to one another; and since a knowledge of the time and circumstances of the writing of the letter frequently helps in defining to us the situation from which the letter came, it becomes desirable to determine these also. In the case of Paul’s letter to the Galatians there are special difficulties in the way of determining these things. We know the writer, indeed, and much of his history. But we cannot determine with certainty who the persons addressed were - , or when the letter was written, or where. Our uncertainty with reference to these matters springs from an uncertainty as to the precise meaning of the term Galatia, as used in the salutation of the letter. The Greeks applied the word Galatia to that territory in Western Europe which we commonly speak of as Gaul, and which has been made familiar to us by Caesar’s Com- mentaries. But they also applied the same term to a territory in the center of the peninsula of Asia Minor, in which descendants of emigrants from Western Gaul had, in the third century before Christ, established themselves. Still later, these Gauls of Asia Minor extended their rule over the adjacent territory inhabited by the Lycaonians, Pisidians, and other non-Gallic peoples, and when in 25 B. c. the Romans converted the territory previously ruled by the Galatian kings into a Roman province, they gave to the whole the name of Galatia. Thus it comes about that when Paul in the salutation of his letter addresses the churches of Galatia, we are unable to say with cer- tainty whether these churches were in that part of the province which was inhabited by Gauls (Galatia proper) or in the southern part in which were the cities of Lystra, Derbe, Iconium, and Antioch. But while we are thus unable to locate the letter exactly in the life of the writer, or even to determine to whom it was written, we are fortunate in being able, from the letter itself, to determine with a good degree of definiteness the previous relations of the writer and his readers, the circumstances which give rise to the letter, and the pur- pose for which it was written. The Galatians to whom the letter was written were Gentile Christians, converted from heathenism (4:8), and evidently under the preaching of Paul (1:8, 9; 4:13; cf. 3:1 ff.). Paul’s first preaching to them was occa- sioned by illness on his part (4: 13). Apparently he had intended to go in some other direction, but was led by illness either to go to Galatia, or being on his way through it, to tarry there. He proclaimed to them Jesus Christ and him crucified, preaching salvation through him by faith apart from works of law (3:1,2). He had evidently imposed no Jewish ordinances, but had taught a purely spiritual Christianity (3:4; 4:8-11; 5:3, 4). The Gala- tians had received him and his Gospel with enthusiasm (4:12-15). They had been baptized (3:27) and had received the gift of the spirit (3:2-5). Paul had visited them a second time, as is implied in his speaking of “the former” visit (4:13). Possibly before the second visit there had been false teachers among them (1:9), but if so the defection had not been serious (5:7). More recently, however, a serious attempt had been made to draw them away from the gospel as Paul had preached it to them (1:7; 5:12). This new doctrine opposed to Paul’s was of a judaistic and legalistic type. Its advocates had endeavored to win the Galatians by appealing to the promises of the Old Testament to Abraham and his seed, evidently teaching them either that salvation was pos- sible only to those who were, by blood or adoption, children of Abraham, or that the highest privileges belonged only to these. Though the letter makes no definite statement on this point, it easily appears from the counter argument of the apostle in chaps. 3 and 4 (see especially 3:7, 9, 14; 4:21-31) that they had laid chief stress upon circumcision, this being the initiatory rite by which a Gentile was adopted into the family of Abraham. Though they had cautiously abstained from endeavoring to impose the whole Jewish law, or from pointing out that this was logically involved in what they did demand, they had induced the Galatians to adopt the Jewish feasts and fasts (4:10). That they denied the apostolic authority of Paul was a necessary consequence of their denial of all the distinctive doctrines of his preaching. This denial seems to have taken the form of representing Paul 4 as a renegade follower of the Twelve, a man who knew nothing of Christianity except what he had learned from the Twelve, and who had perverted this. This appears from the nature of Paul’s defense of his independent authority as an apostle in the first two chapters of the letter. The assault of the judaizers upon the Galatians was upon the very point of succeeding when Paul learned of the state of affairs. They were already removing from the gospel which Paul had taught (x : 6) ; he feared that his labor on them was wasted (4:11); yet in a hopeful moment he was confident in the Lord that they would not be carried away (5:10). The apostle writes in urgent haste and great warmth, first defending himself against the charge of having preached without authority, and then defending his gospel itself against the attack that had been made upon it by the Jewish missionaries seeking thus to dissuade the Galatians from accepting that perverted gospel of salva- tion through works of law which they were on the very point of accepting, and to win them back to simple faith in Jesus Christ. THE LETTERS TO THE CORINTHIANS History has left us no record of the first settlement made on the site of what in classical and New Testament times was known as Corinth. It was in the nature of the case that a city should very early be founded on the isthmus that joined the Peloponnesus to Attica and separated the Corinthian and Saronic Gulfs, and on that isthmus there could hardly be a more attractive spot for a city than at the foot of that remarkable rock citadel, afterward known as the Acrocorinthus, rising 2,000 feet above the surrounding region. But the Corinth with which the reader of the New Testament has to do is not the Corinth of prehistoric or even of classical antiquity, but one which was in New Testament times a comparatively modern city. The Corinth of the Achaean League, of Thucydides and Xenophon, was destroyed by the Romans under Mummius in 146 b. c. A century later, in 46 b. c., Julius Caesar rebuilt and repopulated it. It grew rapidly, and another century later — it was almost exactly one hundred years later when Paul first visited it — it had perhaps 100,000 inhabitants. Its population was heterogeneous, including, almost as a matter of course in that day, many Jews. It was a wealthy and a highly cultivated city, though possibly both in wealth and cultivation inferior to the Corinth which Mummius destroyed. It was so infamous for its vice that a word meaning to practice licentious- ness was coined from the name of the city. Today there is upon the site of this city only a village of five or six hundred people, the modern Corinth being four miles distant on the Bay of Corinth. The story of the founding of the Christian church in Corinth is told in the eighteenth chapter of the Book of Acts, and should be read afresh as a preparation for the study of Paul’s letters to the church, but the letters them- selves also furnish us no little information concerning Paul’s work there. Thus he tells us in I Cor. 3:6, 10; 9:1, 2, that he himself founded the church, and in I Cor. 2:1-5, that with fear and trembling he preached in Corinth the gospel of the crucified Savior, with unadorned simplicity and without attempt to give it the appear- ance of a philosophy (I Cor. 2: 1-5; cf. also 3:1, 2). He baptized but few of his Corinthian converts, not regard- ing this as a part of his work (I Cor. 1 : 14-17). He was supported while in Corinth, not by his friends there but in part at least by the gifts sent to him from Philippi (Phil. 4:15 and II Cor. 11:9). What we know as Paul’s first letter to the Corinthians was written from Ephesus (I Cor. 16:19 and 16:8). The residence in Ephesus thus referred to is undoubtedly that which is recorded in Acts, chap. 19, and which lasted between two and three years (Acts 19:8, 10; 20:31). Previous to this he had already written them a letter which has not come down to us, at least in its original form (I Cor. 5:9). The occasion of the first letter to the Corinthians is clearly indicated in the letter itself. Mem- bers of the household of Chloe had brought the apostle news of the state of affairs at Corinth (I Cor. 1:11). Stephanas, Fortunatus, and Achaicus had also visited him (I Cor. 16: 17), and they or others had brought a letter from the members of the church (7:1). From all these sources Paul had gained knowledge of a number of matters urgently requiring his attention. The church had become divided into four parties calling themselves by the names of Paul, Apollos, Peter, and Christ, though there is no indication that any one of the three Christian preachers whose names were thus converted into party cries approved of this use of their names. 5 The Apollos party was probably made up of those who were captivated with the preaching of Apollos, who, holding substantially Paul’s view of the gospel, had probably set it forth with a show of learning or with an elo- quence from which Paul had carefully abstained (I Cor. 3:6). The Paul party was probably composed simply of those who stood by the apostle. Of the Peter party we have no definite information. The Christ party probably included or was led by men of the same general spirit and purpose as those who had troubled the Gala- tian churches. They evidently claimed to be Christ’s in a sense that Paul was not such (II Cor. 10:7; 11:23). Perhaps they had known Jesus or at least seen Him before His death and resurrection. In the second letter they appear as the bitter opponents of the apostle. The structure of the first letter to the Corinthians is very simple. The apostle, after his introduction in the first nine verses, takes up the ten different matters concerning which he had received information, and discusses them in succession. No other letter of the apostle gives us more instructive information concerning the tempta- tions, difficulties, and perplexities of the early Christian churches in heathen cities. Our second letter to the Corinthians contains evidence to show that the first letter had been followed by a period of no little anxiety on the part of the apostle, and by various communications back and forward between the apostle and the church. In the first letter he speaks of Timothy as coming to visit them, but in the second, Timothy is with him, having returned from Corinth, and he is anxiously awaiting the return of Titus (II Cor. 2:12, 13; 7:5). He is no longer in Ephesus, but having gone from Ephesus to Troas, he is evidently now in Mace- donia (II Cor. 7:5). It is very difficult to discover precisely the order and nature of all these communications. It is indeed not impossible that what we call the second letter to the Corinthians contains portions of several letters which the apostle wrote about this time. In any case, the letter, whether it was originally one or several, shows on the one side that the apostle’s gravest anxieties respecting the church are now removed, and that the church has at length consented to adopt the course which the apostle had urgently recommended (see especially 1:3-5 and 7:4-16), and on the other hand, that there are still, or at least have very recently been in the church some very bitter oppo- nents of the apostle. To the charges of these enemies of his, Paul replies evidently with deep feeling (chaps. 10-12), sometimes with sarcasm. The structure of the letter is much more difficult to follow than that of the first letter, though for the most part the several portions of the letter (cf. the analysis) are in themselves clear; it is chiefly the relation of the suc- cessive parts to one another that is difficult to determine. It reveals the same qualities of mind and heart that we have found in other letters of the apostle, vigorous thought, deep feeling, strenuous defense of himself against his enemies, and of his gospel against his opponents. THE LETTER TO THE ROMANS The letter of the apostle Paul to the Romans differs from all his earlier extant letters in that it is written'to the Christians of a city which, up to the time of the writing of the letter, he had never visited. To whose labor or to what causes the beginnings of Christianity in Rome were due, it is impossible to say with certainty. ? Resi- dents of Rome, Jews, or Jewish proselytes, visiting Jerusalem and hearing the gospel preached there; travelers hearing of the new religion in the lands about the Aegean Sea, where Paul and his companions had preached it; preachers of the gospel who went to Rome for the very purpose of carrying the gospel to the capital city — all these may have had part in bringing it about that before the apostle of the Gentiles found himself free to visit the great Gentile capital there was already there a band of believers whose faith was spoken of far and wide (Rom. 1:8-13). But it is a noticeable fact that the apostle makes no reference to any previous connection, direct or indirect, between himself and the church as such. Probably neither he nor anyone closely associated with him, had taken any leading part in the founding of the church. Equally noticeable is the absence of any reference to any other person as the founder of the church. The view that it was planted by Peter finds no hint of support in the letter — indeed seems plainly excluded by the apostle’s conduct and his principle of not building on another man’s foundation, which he announces in this very letter — 15:20. The view most consistent with the internal 6 evidence is that the church was in a peculiar sense an independent body, owing its existence to various influences, rather than to the labors of a single apostle or missionary. Indeed it seems probable that the Christians in Rome constituted several groups or communities rather than an organized body. Concerning the character of the community, the letter affords us somewhat more definite information. The Christians in Rome were evidently in large part of Gentile blood. Addressing himself to all Christians in the city the apostle definitely speaks of them as Gentiles (i : 5, 6, 13). That there were also Jews or Jewish proselytes among the Roman Christians is indeed probable. But the paucity of the evidence and definiteness of the expres- sions referring to the persons addressed as Gentiles, leaves no room for doubt that these latter constituted the prevailing element of the Christian community. It was moreover as Gentiles that they became Christians, and there is nothing in the letter to indicate that they had as yet come under such a judaizing influence as that, for example, to which the Galatian churches had been subjected. Paul’s letter to the Romans was written at a most interesting point in the life of the apostle. He had, as he tells us, long desired to go to Rome, but had hitherto been hindered (1:13). Now, however, he is free. Why does he not at once start for Rome ? Why did he write this letter instead of going ? He had reached a turning- point in his work as a Christian missionary. From Jerusalem round about even unto Ulyricum he had fully preached the gospel, so that he had no longer any place in these regions (Rom. 15: 19-23). The missionary jour- neys in Asia Minor, Macedonia, and Greece, of which we read in the letters to the Thessalonians, Galatians, and Corinthians, were all past, and by them he had lighted the light of the gospel in the centers of influence through- out the Greek world. His face is toward the West as never before. But one thing hinders him. He has an errand to accomplish in Jerusalem. It is a matter of great consequence. Eager as he is to reach Rome, eager as he is to preach the gospel to regions beyond, the long journey to Jerusalem must first be made in order to carry to the poor among the saints there the offering to the Gentile Christians in Galatia, Macedonia, and Achaia, and thus to bind together by bonds of love and gratitude the two great divisions of the church and to avert a schism in the body of Christians. How long time this journey would occupy it was of course impossible to forsee. Mea'n- time he knows only too well that the same party whose influence he has reason to fear at Jerusalem, and which had for several years been moving westward along the line of the Gentile churches, is not likely to be inactive. The judaizers who had sa nearly succeeded in corrupting the churches of the Galatians, and who had so bitterly opposed him at Corinth have not yet given up the fight. They do not seem to have reached Rome; certainly they had made no marked impression there. But no one could tell how soon they might take ship for Italy. The time which Paul’s journey to Jerusalem would necessarily occupy would give them time to anticipate him in Rome. The occasion of the letter, then, seems to be furnished by the coincidence of these facts: the completion of the apostle’s work in the East leading him to turn his face toward the West; the necessity of postponing his journey thither long enough to make a visit to Jerusalem; and the activity of the judaizers, involving the danger that before he should reach Rome they would be there perverting the Christians of the capital from the liberal type of Chris- tianity which up to this time they had held, to the narrow, judaistic view of the nature of the gospel’s mission. Written then when the apostle was looking forward to visiting Rome but was temporarily hindered from going at once, its purpose was to set before the Roman Christians a clear exposition of the gospel of salvation for both Jews and Gentiles by faith apart from works of the law, and to enforce certain great principles of Christian moral- ity, in order to protect them against the possible assault of judaizing error, and to build them up in Christian character, particularly in the matters affecting their relation to the state and their internal harmony. The course of thought is orderly and systematic, and in the main so clear as to leave but little room for difference of opinion concerning it. ANAL YTICAL 0 UTLINE. Chapter XI. Paul's Second Missionary Journey §39. The dissension between Paul and Barnabas. Acts 15:36-41. §40. The churches in southern Asia Minor revisited. Acts 16 : 1-5. §41. The journey to Troas, and the vision of Paul. Acts 16 : 6-10. §42. The beginning of the gospel in Philippi. Acts 16 : 11-40. §43. The planting of the church in Thessalonica. Acts 17 : 1-9. 1 Thess. 1:1-2: 14. §44. §45. Preaching in the synagogue at Beroea. Acts 17 : 10-15. Paul at Athens. Acts 17 : 16-34. §46. Paul’s first ministry in Corinth — the letter to the Thessalonians. Acts 18:1-17. 1 Thess. 2 Thess. Entire. §47. Paul’s return to Syria and third sojourn in Antioch: The letter to the Galatians. Acts 18 : 18-22. Gal. entire. Chapter XIII. Paul’s Third Missionary Journey §48. The churches of the Galatian Region and Phrygia he visited. Acts 18 : 23. §49. Apollos in Ephesus and Corinth. Acts 18:24-28. §50. Paul's ministry in Ephesus: The first letter to the Corinthians. Acts, chap. 19 [20 : 1] 1 Cor. entire. Note. — This list of Parts, Chapters and Sections is taken by permission of the publishers from a copyrighted work, The Records and Letters of the Apostolic Age , by Professor Ernest D. Burton, published by Chas. Scribner’s Sons. THE LETTER TO THE GALATIANS. I. Introduction. Chap. 1:1-10. 1. Salutation, including assertion of apostolic author- ity. 1:1-5. 2. Indignant rebuke of the Galatian apostasy, virtually including the theme of the epistle: The gospel which Paul preached the true and only gospel. 1:6-10. II. Apologetic (personal) Portion of the Epistle. The general theme established by proving Paul’s inde- pendence of all human authority and direct relation to Christ. l : 11—2:21. 1. Proposition : Paul received his gospel not from men, but immediately from Christ. 1 : 11 , 12 . 1. Proof : drawn from various periods of his life ; including also in the latter part an exposition of his gospel. 1:13—2:21. a. From his life before his conversion. 1 : 13, 14. b. From his conduct just after his conversion. 1:15-17. c. From his first visit to Jerusalem. 1 : 18-24. d. From his conduct on a subsequent visit to Jerusalem. 2:1-10. e. From his conduct in resisting Peter at Antioch. 2:11-14. /. Continuation of his address at Antioch so stated as to be for the Galatians also an exposition of the gospel which Paul preached. 2 : 15-21. THE FIRST LETTER I. Introduction, Including Salutation and Thanksgiving. 1 : 1-9. II. Concerning Matters Reported to the Apostle by the Household of Chloe. 1 : 10—6 : 20. 1. Concerning the factions in the church. 1:10—4:21. a. The situation stated. l: 10-17. b. justification of the simplicity of his preaching among them. 1:18—3:4. c. Explanation of the relation between himself and Apollos, and of the relation of both III. Doctrinal Portion of the Epistle. The doctrine of justification by faith (the distinctive doctrine of Paul’s gospel as against the judaizing heresy) defended on its own merits, chiefly by showing that the “heirs of Abraham” are such by faith in Christ, not by works of law. Chaps. 3, 4. 1. Appeal to the early Christian experience of the Galatians. 3:1-5. 2. Argument from the fact of Abraham’s justification by faith. 3:6-9. 3. Argument from the curse which the law pro- nounces. 3:10-14. 4. Argument from the chronological order of promise and law. 3:15-22. 5. The temporary and inferior nature of the condition under the law. 3:23—4:11. 6. Fervent exhortation, appealing to the former affec- tion of the Galatians for Paul. 4: 12-20. 7. Allegorical argument from the two branches of the family of Abraham. 4 : 21 - 31 . IV. Hortatory Portion of the Epistle. 5:1—6:10. 1. Exhortations directly connected with the doctrine of the epistle. Chap. 5. a. To stand fast in their freedom in Christ. 5 : 1 - 12 . b. Not to convert liberty into license. 5 : 13-26. 2. More general exhortations. 6: 1 - 10 . V. Conclusion. 6:11-18. 1. Final warning against the judaizers. 6 : 11 - 16 . 2. Appeal enforced by his own sufferings. 6:17 3. Benediction. 6:18. TO THE CORINTHIANS. to the gospel work. 3:5-17. d. How in view of these facts the Corinthians ought to act. 3:18—4:13. e. Concluding appeal and warning. 4:14-21. 2. The case of incegt. Chap. 5. 3. Lawsuits between members of the church. 6 : 1 - 11 . 4. Fornication. 6:12-20. III. Concerning Matters Spoken of in their Letter. Chaps. 7-14. 5. Concerning marriage. Chap. 7. 08 6. Concerning the eating of things sacrificed to idols. 8 : 1 — 11 : 1 . a. General principles : such eating is lawful, but is not in accordance with love. Chap 8. b. Appeal to his own example in waiving his rights. Chap. 9. c. Warning, derived from the Old Testament, against pride and self-conceit. 10:1-13. d. Argument from the communion table. 10 : 14-22. e. Conclusion : recognize Christian liberty, but let Christian love be supreme. 10:23—11:1. 7 . Concerning women praying and prophesying unveiled. 11 = 2-16- 8. Concerning disorder in connection with the Lord's Supper. 11:17-34. 9. Concerning spiritual gifts. Chaps. 12-14. a. The diversity of gifts. Chap. 12. b. Love greater than all gifts. Chap. 13. c. Prophecy better than the gift of tongues. 14:1-25. d. Concerning the exercise of gifts in their assemblies. 14 : 26-36. e. Conclusion. 14:37-40. IV. [Source of the Apostle’s Information not Indicated.) 10. Concerning the resurrection. Chap. 15. V. Conclusion : Sundry Minor Matters, and Pinal Injunctions. Chap. 16 SPECIFIC DIRECTION'S FOR STUDY. (Note. — The section numbers refer to the sections of the preceding Outline. The suggestions on the study of each day — though by no means covering all the work that might be done, are made fuller this month than will perhaps be necessary hereafter. In later sheets the student will be thrown more upon his own responsibility. Abbreviations: D.T., Dictionary of Terms; M., Map ; R.V., Revised Version of the Bible; A.V., Authorized or Old Version of the Bible ; c/., compare ; i. e., that following. First day. Read Acts 18:18-22, and trace the route of the journey on the map. Concerning Priscilla and Aquila, see D. T. Second day. It is always a matter of interest in studying a letter to know as much as possible about the writer and the persons addressed, especially in their relation to one another. Much of this information can be gained from the letter itself. Suggestions for the work of the next few days will have this object in mind. Read Gal. 4 : 12-17, noticing, (a) Who first preached the gospel to the Galations; ( b ) how they received the preacher and his message. Read Gal. 3 :l-5, noticing (a) how Christ was first presented to the Galatians; (6) whether they began the Christian life by subjecting themselves to the law, or by simple faith in Christ, and dependence on the Spirit. Third day. Read Gal. 1:6-9, noticing the evidence that since the first reception of the gospel by the Gala- tians there had come among them men preaching a different type of Christianity. Note also how Paul regarded thisother type of Christianity. Read Gal. 6:12, 13 ; 4:9, 10, and observe what were some of the characteristics of this “other gospel.” Prom these characteristics, what would you infer as to the nationality of the preachers; were they Jews or Gentiles? Recall from the previous reading, (a) who first preached the gospel to the Galatians; ( b ) the emphatic things in his preaching of the gospel; (c) who had since preached a different gospel; (d) wherein these later preachers differed from the apostle. Then read Gal. 1:6; 4:11, 19, 20 ; 5:10, and judge what degree of success these later preachers had had. Fourth day. The analysis of the letter, on the opposite page, is intended to aid the student in tracing the course of thought throughout the letter. It should be constantly referred to in connection with the daily read- ings from the letter Read Gal. 1:1-10, and notice, (a) what Paul claims concerning his authority as an apostle; (b) concerning his gospel. Fifth day. Read Gal. 1: 11, 12, and note what Paul says here concerning his gospel. Read Gal. 1: 13-24 with the aid of the analysis. Notice that the facts here stated show how little connection Paul had with other Christians, either before or after his conversion. Consider how this tends to show that he could not have learned the gospel from men. Sixth day. Read Gal. 2: 1-10 ; compare suggestions in the second month, thirteenth day; then read 2 : 11-21, comparing suggestions in the second month, fifteenth day ; notice how, in both of these instances of difference of opinion between Paul and the Jerusalem apostles, his view finally prevailed, and observe the bearing of this upon his claim made in Gal. 1:11, 12. Seventh day. Bearing in mind that the false teachers had evidently tried to persuade the Galatians to receive circumcision, by urging that only thus could they become sons of Abraham, and so heirs of the Scrip- ture (Old Testament) promises of salvation, read Gal., chap. 3 and 4, with the aid of the analysis; notice especially what Paul maintains, (a) as to how men become sons of Abraham, and (b) as to the perma- nence of the principle of faith given to Abraham, and (c) the superiority of the new era of faith brought in by Christ. Eighth day. Read Gal. 5 : 1—12, noticing what Paul maintains as to what it would mean for a Gentile Chris tian who had already accepted Christianity by faith, to adopt circumcision. Read vs. 13-25, and note very carefully how Paul guards his readers against the thought that to be free from law is to be at liberty to follow fleshly impulses, and what he teaches to be the right way of living a Christian life (see especially verses 16, 18, 25). C-3 Ninth day. Read Gal. chap. 6, with the aid of the analysis. Tenth day. §§ 48, 49. Assuming that the letter to the Galatians was written from Antioch in Syria, trace on the map Paul's journey as described in Acts 18:23. See D.T., Galatia and the map on page 16. Read Acts 18:24-28. On Apollos see D.T. and on Priscilla and Aquila recall where they were previously mentioned. Eleventh day. § 50. Read the account of (1) the baptism of the twelve disciples, Acts 19: 1-7. (2) preach- ing of the gospel in Ephesus, Acts 19 :8-10 ; read also Paul's account of it in Acts 20 : 18-35, and consider how great was the effect of this work in Ephesus. Cf. Acts 19 :26. (3) The conflict with opponents, Acts 19 : 11-20. (4) Paul’s plans for the future, Acts 19 : 21, 22. Cf. 1 Cor. 16 : 3-11. Twelfth day. Notice the evidence in 1 Cor. 16 : 19, 8, that this letter was written from Ephesus ; in 1 Cor. 5:9, that Paul had since leaving Corinth written a letter to the Corinthians (this is now lost); in 1 Cor. 7:1 that he had received a letter from them ; in 1 Cor. 16 : 17 that three Christians from Corinth had recently visited Paul ; and in 1 Cor. 1:11 that members of the household of Chloe had brought him news of the state of affairs at Corinth. It is probable also that Paul had visited Corinth since he founded the church. (2 Cor. 13 : 1). Observe that in these various ways Paul had kept up constant communication with the Corinthians, and must have been thoroughly informed as to their condition. Thirteenth duy. Read the following passages in the letter and notice some of the matters in which the apostle felt it necessary to instruct the church at this time: 1:11,12; 5:1; 6:1; 7:1; 8:1; 11:2,17; 12:1; 15:12; 16:1. Fourteenth day. After reading 1 Cor. 1: 1-9 (cf. analysis) and 1:10-17, in which the fact of the existence of four parties at Corinth is brought out, recall what sort of a man Apollos was (Acts 18:24). It is probable that the Apollos party was made up of those who fancied that they had a taste for learned and philosophical preach- ing. Bearing this in mind, notice what Paul says about, (a) the superiority of the gospel to the wisdom of the world (philosophy), 1 Cor. 1:18-24; ( b ) the ability of the Corinthians to understand philosophical preaching, 1:26-31 ; (c) how Paul had preached, 2 : 1-5 ; (d) the true wisdom of the gospel, 2: 1-16 ; (e) the inability of the Corinthians to receive it, 3 : 1-4. Fifteenth day. Read 1 Cor. 3 : 5-23 and chap. 4 with the aid of the analysis. Sixteenth day. Read 1 Cor. chaps. 5 and 6, following the analysis. Seventeenth day. Read 1 Cor. chap 7, and bearing in mind that the apostle is adapting his advice to specific circumstances, try to find the permanent central principle of his advice. See especially 6 : 17 ; 7 :23, 35. Eighteenth day. Look over the analysis of 1 Cor. 8 : 1 — 11:1 concerning the eating of things sacrificed to idols, and then read chap. 8, noticing especially the central principle, and the relative value of knowledge and love. Nineteenth day. Recall again the analysis of 1 Cor. 8 : 1—11 : 1 and read chap. 9, noticing what right which belonged to the apostle he had voluntarily waived. Twentieth day. Read 1 Cor. chap. 10, following the analysis. Twenty-first day. Read 1 Cor. 11 :2-34 ; see suggestions for eighteenth day. Twenty-second day. Look over the analysis of 1 Cor. chaps. 12-14 ; then read chap. 12 noticing what Paul sayb as to (a) the source of all spiritual gifts, ( b ) the various gifts in the church ; (c) for whose benefit all gifts are to be used. Twenty-third day. Note that in the 12th chapter Paul has been explaining the relative value and the use of all “gifts,” but at the end of that chapter interrupts his own discussion to point out that there is a better way still of solving these problems, viz., to have love. Read the 13th chapter as a psalm extolling this “more excellent way ” of love. Tiventy -fourth day. 1 Cor. chap. 14. Observe that in this chapter the apostle comes back to the practical question of the exercising of spiritual. gifts (v. 1;, especially the relative value of “prophecy” and “tongues.” Concerning the difference between these two, read carefully vs. 2-4. Read vs. 1-25, noticing which of the two gifts the Corinthians had apparently preferred; which Paul evidently regards as the more valuable; and the reason for his preference. Read vs. 26-40 noticing especially what they imply as to the character of public worship in the early church. Twenty -fifth day. 1 Cm. chap. 15. Consult the analysis for the theme, and v. 12 for the occasion of this discussion. Read vs. 1-11 noticing the abundant testimony to the resurrection of Jesus to which Paul refers. (Vs. 9-11 are a parenthesis, not directly connected with the subject of the chapter.) Read vs. 12-28 noticing the importance which Paul attaches to the fact of the resurrection of Christ in relation to the resurrection of Christians. Read vs. 29-34 noticing what Paul regards as the immoral effect of the denial of the resurrection. Read vs. 35-58 in which Paul answers difficulties that are raised in connection with the resurrection. Twenty-sixth day. Read chapter 16, and endeavor from it to form as definite and vivid a picture as you can of the every day life of an apostle, and especially of the matters with which Paul was just at this time occupied. Twenty-seventh day. Compare the reading of the thirteenth day, and. review the whole letter with reference to the information it gives concerning the temptations to which Gentile converts to Christianity were subject, and the difficulties with which a Christian apostle had to contend in building up churches worthy of the Christian name. / ttBM Tiventy -eighth day. Recalling the reading of yesterday, observe in how large a proportion of the cases Paul both corrects the evils existing among the Corinthians and solves their perplexities by reference to two or three great principles, viz., the sanctity of the church and of the body as the temple of the Holy Spirit, and the great principle of love, requiring that all things be done unto the building up and the edification of the church as the body of Christ. . . . Twenty-ninth day. Read Acts 19 : 23-41 as an illustration of one phase of the conflict of Christianity ,.nd Greek heathenism. Note especially the motives by which the opponents of the Gospel were chiefly influenced OS REVIEW QUESTIONS. READ CAREFULLY. — Answer questions, as far as possible, from memory. Then take your Bible and review with the questions in mind, revising your answers as you read. Should you wish to work for a certificate, duplicate blanks for these questions will be sent on application to the office of the Institute, Hyde Park, Chicago, 111., enclosing two-cent stamp. Blanks for the entire course will be sent at once. Any person sending in the nine papers for the year will receive a certificate. 1 . Give your idea of the events in Galatia which led Paul to write his letter to the Galatians 2. From what source did Paul claim to have received his gospel and his apostleship ? 3. Give the emphatic things in the gospel which he claims to have preached to the Galatians 4. What, according to Paul, is the true condition of the “sonship of Abraham ?” 5. What, instead of obedience to Law, did he claim to be the true principle of Christian living ?. (3. Give some account of Paul’s work in Ephesus, its duration and extent, and some special characteristics. 7. From what place did Paul write his first letter to the Corinthians ? 8. Name five of the matters in which Paul found it necessary to instruct the Corinthians 9. What sort of preaching does it seem that many of the Corinthians preferred ? 10. What had been the characteristics of Paul’s preaching to the Corinthians ? 11. Give the central principle of Paul’s teaching in 1 Cor. chap. 7 12. By what principle does Paul solve the difficulty presented in chap. 8? 13. What does Paul teach to be the use of all spiritual gifts ? 14. What does he set forth as the greatest of all Christian principles ; the one which will solve all difficulties? 15. What are the themes of chaps. 14 and 15 ? HONOR QUESTIONS. N. B. Any person answering the honor questions upon each of the nine question sheets In the year’s course will receive a Special Honor sign upon his certificate. These questions may he studied previously, hut ' must be answered from memory. 1. Name all the churches you can recall which have thus far been established by Paul 2. Make a statement concerning the difficulties which an apostle encountered in establishing a Christian church in a heathen community 3. To what two or three great principles does Paul refer all the difficulties which are presented to him? 4. Name some difficulties of our modern life to which these principles can be applied 5. In addition to their historical value, of what importance are these letters to us today Notes ANALYTICAL OUTLINE. Chapter XIII. Paul’s Third Missionary Journey. §48. The churches of the Galatian Region and Phrygia revisited. Acts 18:23. §49. Apollos in Ephesus and Corinth. Acts 18 : 24-28. §50. Paul’s ministry in Ephesus: The first letter to the Corinthians. Acts, chap. 19 [20 : 1] l^Cor. entire. §51. From Ephesus to Macedonia: The second letter to to the Corinthians. Acts 20:1; 2 Cor. entire. (See analysis below.) THE SECOND LETTER 1. Introduction, Including Salutation- and Thanksgiving. 1:1—11. II. The Apostle’s Feelings and Conduct Toward the Corinthians, particularly in the matter of his proposed visit to them, and of his former letter. 1 : 12—7 : 16. 1. Declares that he had acted holily and sincerely. 1:12-14. 2. Explains his change of purpose respecting his promised visit to them, and the motives of his former letter, and bids them now forgive the one whose wrongdoing had occasioned that letter. 1:15-2:11. 3. His anxious suspense while waiting at Troas for Titus to bring news from them. 2:12-17. 4. [Digression — a partial anticipation of his self- defense : See IV. below.] The manner and motives of the apostle’s ministry. 3:1—6:10. a. Not with self-commendation or with letters of commendation from others, but in reliance on God, having been made by him ministers of a new convenant. 3:1-11. b. Using the boldness of speech appropriate to the new hope. 3:12-18. c. Without craftiness, preaching Christ only as Lord. 4:1-6. d. Weak and afflicted, yet living for others unto the glory of God. 4 : 7-15. §52. In Macedonia and Achaia: The letter to the Romans. Acts 20 : 2, 3, Rom. entire. (See analysis below.) §53. The journey from Corinth to Jerusalem. Acts 20 : 4-21-61. Note.— This list of Parts, Chapters and Sections is taken by permission of the publishers from a copyrighted work, The Records and Letters of the Apostolic Age, by Professor Ernest D. Burton, published by Chas. Scribner’s Sons. TO THE CORINTHIANS. e. Fainting not at persecutions, but looking unto the eternal things which are to come. 4 : 16—5 : 10. /. As ambassadors for Christ, responsible to God, living and suffering for men. 5:11—6:10. 5. His love for the Corinthians and appeal for their love. 6:11—7:4. 6. His anxious suspense while he waited in Mace- donia for Titus (c/. 3 above) and his great joy when Titus brought good news. 7 : 5-16. III. Concerning the Ministering to the Saints (cf. 1 Cor. 16:1-3; Rom. 15:25, 26). Chaps. 8, 9. IV. Defense of Himself Against his Opponents. 10:1—12:13. 1. Repels the charges of his opponents, intimating charges against them, and affirms the authority given him by Christ. Chap. 10. 2. With repeated apologies for boasting, and mingled denunciation of his opponents, he boasts of his Hebrew blood, his relation to Christ, his sufferings and labors, and his visions. 11:1—12:13. V. Transition to the Conclusion : his intention to come to them ; the motives and manner of his coming. i2 : 14—13 : 10. VI. Conclusion: Parting, Injunctions, Salutations and Benediction. 13 : 11 — 14. THE LETTER TO I. Introduction. 1:1-17. 1. Salutation, including description of the author’s apostleship. 1:1-7. 2. Thanksgiving for the faith of the Christains in Rome, and expression of his deep interest in them. 1:8-15. 3. Theme of the Letter: The Gospel the power of God unto salvation to everyone that believes, both Jew and Greek. 1:16,17. II. Doctrinal Portion of the Letter : Defense and exposition of the theme. 1:18 — 11:36. A. Sin and guilt universal, and hence justification by works of law impossible. 1:18—3:20. 1. The guilt of the Gentiles. l : 18-32. 2. The guilt of the Jews. 2 : 1 — 3:20. B. But now a righteousness apart from works of law, available through faith, for both Jews and Gen- tiles, has been revealed ; this righteousness des- cribed and explained. 3:21—5:21. THE ROMANS. 1. This righteousness comprehensively described. 3 : 21-26. 2. Bearing of this on Jewish pride and exclusive- ness. 3 : 27-30. 3. Accordance of this teaching with law (i.e., with the Old Testament conception of the nature and office of law) shown from the case of Abraham. 3:31—4:25. 4. Blessedness and excellence of this salvation. ch. 5. a) Blessed consequences of justification: peace; joy in tribulation; hope of final salvation, fully assured since it rests on God’s love manifested in our justification and proved by the death of Christ for us. 5:1-11. b) Excellence of this salvation shown by com- paring and contrasting the sin and death that came through Adam with the righteous- ness unto life that came through Jesus Christ. 5:12-21. C-4 C. The changed relations of those that are justified, to sin, and law, and death. chaps. 6, 7, 8. 1. To sin. cha P- 6 - 2. To law. chap. 7. 3. To death. 8:1-30. 4. Triumphant summing up of the blessedness of God’s elect. 8:31-39. D. The rejection of Israel. chaps. 9, 10, 11 1. The apostle's grief over the fact. 9 : 1-5. 2. Yet God is justified therein. 9:6-33. a) It violates no promise of God. 9:6-13. b) It involves no intrinsic unrighteousness in God. 9.14-24. c) It was foretold by the prophets. 9 : 25-29. d) The failure of the Jews to attain righteous- ness is due to their own lack of faith. 9 : 30-33. 3. The apostle’s desire that they may be saved. 10 : 1 . 4. The fault of the Jews shown more explicitly. 10 : 2 - 21 . a) Ignorance of the divine way of righteousness. 10 : 2-15. b) Wilful resistance: they heard but obeyed not. 10 : 16 - 21 . 5. The nature of this rejection explained. 11:1-32. a) Not of the nation in toto but consisting rather in the election of a part and the hard ening of the rest. 11 : 1 - 10 . b) Not absolute and final. 11:11-32. 6. Ascription of praise to God for his unsearchable wisdom. 11:33-36. III. Hortatory Portion of the Epistle. 12:1—15:13. 1. The believer’s offering of himself to God. 12 : 1 , 2 . 2. His duty as a member of the body of Christ. 12:3-21. 3. His duty as a subject of civil government. 13:1-7. 4. His duty as a member of society, 13:8-10. 5. Enforcement of all these exhortations by the nearness of “ the day.” 13:11-14. 6. Concerning them that are weak in faith. 14:1—15:13. IV. Conclusion : Personal matters, final injunctions, and doxology. 15:14 — 16:27. SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS FOR STUDY. Note. — The section numbers refer to the sections of the preceding Outline. Abbreviations: D.T., Dictionary of Terms; M., Map; R.V., Revised Version of the Bible; A.V., Authorized or Old Version of the Bible ; c/., compare ; t. «., that is ; ff., following. First day. From Acts 20: 1 ; 2 Cor. 2: 12, 13 ; 2 Cor. 7: 5-13, answer the following questions : (1) When Paul left Ephesus to what country did he intend to go? (2) At what place did he 6top on the way? ( cf . map). (3) Whom did he hope would join him there, and what was the effect on his mind of the failure of this messenger to come? (4) From what place was the messenger coming, and why was Paul so anxious to see hyn? (5) Where did the messenger finally join Paul ; what kind of news did he bring? (6) From all these facts form your impression first of the nature of the experiences through which Paul was passing in these weeks or months, and second, as to the occasion for the writing of this letter to Corinth. Second day. See analysis of 2 Cor. on the opposite page, and, bearing in mind that the relations between the apostle and the Corinthians had evidently been somewhat strained by a suspicion on their part that Paul had been unduly reticent concerning his own experiences and somewhat fickle in the matter of his plans for visiting them, as well as by the severity of his reproof of them, — read 2 Cor. 1-11 noticing what is implied as to the experiences through which he has been passing, and as to his present condition and state of mind. Do vs. 4-7 refer only to the afflictions mentioned in v. 8, or in part also to the distress of mind caused by anxiety concern- ing the Corinthians? Third day. Read 2 Cor. 1: 12 — 2: 17 with the help of the analysis. Fourth day. See the analysis and notice that with the beginning of the third chapter the matter of wait- ing for Titus spoken of in 2: 12, 13 is dropped and resumed again in 7:5, 6. The intervening chapters, therefore, are really a long parenthesis concerning the manner and motives of the apostle’s ministry, and must be read as such. See analysis. Read chap. 3, bearing in mind that the apostle had been criticised and denounced by Jewish Christian preachers, and that he is here contrasting his ministry with theirs. Fifth day. Bearing in mind that Paul is here explaining the motives of his ministry and what sustains him in his labors, read 4: 1—5: 10, forming your own impression of the ministry thus described. Sixth day. Read 5: 11 — 6: 10 as suggested for yesterday. Seventh day. Read 6: 11 — 7: 4, comparing the analysis and noticing that 6: 14 — 7: 1 is a digression treating of the necessity of the church keeping itself free from heathen influences. The connection between this and the apostle’s appeal for affection is difficult now to discover. Noticing that in 7 : 5 the apostle takes up the matter of his distress of mind and the comfort caused by the coming of Titus, where he left it to introduce the digression concerning his ministry. (See 2: 12, 13), read 7: 5-16. Cf. suggestion (6) first day. Eighth day. Notice the subject of chaps. 8 and 9. Cf. 9: 1 and the analysis. Notice the evidence in 1 Cor. 16:1-3 and Rom. 15:25-27, that during all of this last part of Paul’s third missionary journey one of the things which he had on his mind was the gathering of money for the relief of poor Christians in Jerusalem. C-4 Remembering how much Paul had been hindered in his work among the Gentiles by certain Jewish Christians in Jerusalem (cf. Acts 15: 1 and the letter to the Galatians, especially 2:4, 12), consider how much real danger there was that the Christian church should be divided into two sharply opposed bodies, — one a mere 6eci of Judaism, and the other a Gentile Christian body having no real connection with the religion of the Old Testa- ment. Bear these facts in mind as you read, considering whether gifts of money by the Gentile Christians for the relief of the poverty of Jewish brethren would tend to establish friendly relations and prevent any rupture. Read chap. 8, noticing the motives to which the apostle appeals, and the methods which he employs for raising this money. Ninth day. Read chap. 9, remembering suggestions for yesterday. Tenth day. For the understanding of 10: 1 — 12: 13 it must be borne in mind that there were several parties in the church at Corinth (1 Cor. 1:12) and that one at least of these was opposed to the apostle Paul, denying his apostleship (see 1 Cor. 9:1, 2). It was doubtless this criticism of him which led the apostle to the exposi- tion of the motives of his ministry in the early part of this letter (2 Cor. 3: 1 — 6: 10). In these chaps. 10: 1 — 12:13 he replies more directly to the charges against him. One who reads these chapters attentively will be able to see that the party that he is here answering were Jewish Christians (11:22) and claimed a special relationship to Christ, 10:7; 11:13, 23 (probably persons who had known Christ in the flesh). It should be noticed that Paul sometimes uses here the language of strong sarcasm and irony, e. g., 11:5, and occasionally quotes the language of his opponents, e. g., 10: 1, 10. Bearing this in mind, read chap. 10. Eleventh day. Recall the suggestions of yesterday and read chap. 11. Twelfth day. Recall the reading of the last two days and read 12:1-13; then read 12:14 — 13:10 (cf. analysis), noticing that the apostle still has in mind the charges made against him ; and, finally, read the con- clusion (13: 11-14). Thirteenth day. Recall the journey that preceded the writing of 2 Cor. (see first day) and read Acts 20:2. See also Rom. 15:19 as indicating that Paul probably made a tour into Illyricum at this time (see D. T.). Read Rom. 15:23-29 noticing what Paul says, (a) about the completion of his work in the east (cf. also v. 19 and see the map), (b) about his plans to go to Rome, (c) the journey that must first be made to Jerusalem. Notice the evidence from all these things that Paul had reached a turning point in his missionary work. Fourteenth day. Read Rom. 1:1-17 with the help of the analysis noticing especially (a) the nature of Paul’s relation to the Roman Christians and ( b ) the theme of the letter, vs. 16, 17. Fifteenth day. With the help of the analysis read Rom. 1: 18-32. Try to find, if you can, exactly what Paul regarded as the essence of Gentile sin. See especially vs. 18, 32. Sixteenth day. Read 2:1-16 noticing that the apostle is simply insisting upon the impartiality of God, that he judges Jew and Gentile on the same principles, approving not him who knows the right, but him who does the right. Read 2:17-29 in which Paul uses this fact of God’s impartiality to convict the Jew of sin. Seventeenth day. Read 3:1-20 in which the apostle considers and answers possible objections to his con- clusion that the Jew is guilty equally with the Gentile. Note especially vs. 19, 20 in which may be seen the substance of what Paul has been arguing for up to this point : viz., that justification by law is an impossibility to either Jew or Gentile. Eighteenth day. Read with special care 3 : 21-26 which is the heart of the doctrinal part of the letter, and then answer the following questions from it : 1. Why does no man become acceptable to God by works of law ? 2. By what can a man become acceptable to God ? 3. Is such acceptance a matter of desert or of free grace ? 4. What work of Christ for us makes possible such acceptance ? Read 3 : 27-30, noticing how this principle of faith of necessity stops Jewish boasting and opens the door of salvation to Jews and Gentiles alike. Nineteenth day. Read 3 :31 — 4 : 25 noticing that throughout this chapter, as in Gal., chaps. 3 and 4, Paul uses the case of Abraham (whom every Jew counted as his father, expecting to be saved because of this relationship (cf. Matt. 3 : 9 and John 8 : 39) to prove that from the beginning men were accepted of God not for meritorious deeds, but because of faith. Twentieth day. Read chap. 5 with the help of analysis. Notice especially that the purpose of this chapter is to emphasize the excellence of the salvation already described. Twenty-first day. Read chap. 6, noticing (a) the question which it discusses (v. 1), (b) Paul’s first answer to the question (vs. 2-11), (c) the exhortation based on this answer (vs. 12-14), (d) the same question in slightly different form (v. 15), (e), the answer to this form of the question (16-23). Twenty-second day. Read chap. 7, noticing that this chap, discusses the important question of the relationship of the Christian to the Law. In vs. 1-6 it is affirmed that we are now dead to the Law. In vs. 7-25 Paul shows that the Law, though good and holy, cannot make men holy because of the sin that dwells in them. From this only Jesus Christ can deliver. Twenty-third day. Notice that chap. 8 is in some sense the climax of the apostle’s exposition of the way of salvation. In vs. 1-25 he shows how those who are in Christ and have the spirit of Christ in them, gain the victory both over sin and death, thus attaining unto full salvation, a purified spirit in a glorified body. In vs. 26-30 he shows further the certainty of the final result, (a) because of the indwelling of the Spirit teaching us to pray, (b) the eternal purpose of God resting on his foreknowledge, and issuing in our glorification. Vs. 31-39 are the apostle’s exultant psalm of triumph as he contemplates the wonderful love of God which has provided this way of salvation. Read it, not as an argument, but as a shout of triumph. Twenty-fourth day. In reading chaps. 9, 10, 11, remember that the very thing for which the apostle contends in the letter is that now there is one way of salvation for Jew and Gentile alike. This could not fail sooner or later to raise the question, ‘ - What becomes then of God’s special promises to the Jews in the Old Testament ?” In the previous letters Paul has not touched upon this question, but now he discusses it at length. Bear in mind it is this national question which he discusses. Read chap. 9 with the help of the analysis. Twenty-fifth day. Read chap. 10 with the help of the analysis. Twenty-sixth day. Read chap. 11 with the help of the analysis. Twenty seventh day. Review with the aid of the analysis chaps. 1 to 11 and notice that there is nowhere in these chapters any direct reference to the Judaizers ( cf . Gal. ch. 1.) consider (a) whether Paul’s argument i6 adapted to prepare the minds of the Romans against any possible attempt of the Judaizers to pervert the Gospel of Christ, (b) what these facts indicate as to whether Rome had yet been visited by the Judaizers, or was only in danger of an attack from them, (c) what Paul's purpose in writing was. Twenty-eighth day. Notice that from this point on the apostle deals with matters of practical Christian morality, read chaps. 12 and 13 following the analysis. Notice the special appropriateness of 13 : 1-7 to residents of the capital city. Twenty -ninth day. Begin the study of 14 : 1—15 : 13 by noticing the two matters concerning which some of the Roman Christians had conscientious scruples ; then read 14 : 1-12 (the principle of Christian liberty and personal responsibility to the Lord), then 13-23 (the principle of Christian love which bids us have more regard for our brother's good than for the exercise of our liberty), then 15 : 1-13 in which both parties are instructed how to act and the exhortation is enforced by appeal to Christ’s example. Thirtieth day. Read 15 : 14-33 (reasons for writing, plans for the future, etc.) and form as definite an idea as you can of the apostle’s state of mind at this turning point in his missionary life. Thirty-first day. Read chap. 16 as throwing further light upon the nature of Paul’s work and his situation at this time. Thirty-second day. §53. Read Acts 20 : 4-38 (the journey from Corinth to Miletus), and with special care Paul’s address to the Ephesian elders (20: 18-35). Thirty-third day. Read Acts 21 :1-16. REVIEW QUESTIONS. READ CAREFULLY.— Answer questions, as far as possible, from memory. Then take your Bible and review with the questions in mind, revising your answers as you read. Should you wish to work for a certificate, duplicate blanks for these questions will be sent on application to the office of the Institute, Hyde Park, Chicago, 111., enclosing two-cent stamp. Blanks for the entire course will be sent at once. Any person sending in nine papers for the year will receive a certificate. 1. Write here the answers to the questions given in the work of the first day (1). ( 2 ) ( 3 ) • ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) 2. What can you say as to the manner and motive of Paul’s ministry as set forth by himself? 3. What party in the Corinthian church had made charges against Paul, and what was the character of these charges ? 4. To what people whom he had not visited did Paul write a letter ? 5. What was the theme of this letter ? C-4 6. According to Paul’s teaching, upon what basis does God judge all men, Jew or Gentile ? 7. Write here the answers to the questions contained in the work of the eighteenth day 8. What Old Testament character does Paul cite to show that men are acceptable to God only because of faith ? 9. What are some of the consequences of acceptance with God ? (Chap. 5.) 10. What is the relationship of Christians to (a) sin ? (6) The law 11. How is the victory gained over sin and death ? 12. Name six of the most important practical teachings contained in chap. 12 C-4 13. What journey did Paul take after writing his letter to the Romans? 14. At what place did he stop ? 15. To what future did Paul look forward at this time and in what spirit ? HONOR QUESTIONS. % N. B. Any person answering the honor questions upon each of the nine question sheets in the year's course will receive a Special Honor sign upon his certificate. These questions may he studied previously , but must be answered from memory. 1. By what danger was the Christian church confronted in the existence of two factions, the Jewish and the Gentile churches ? 2. What means does Paul use partly for the purpose of binding together the Jerusalem church and the Gentile churches ? 3. What does Paul state concerning the reason for the rejection of Christ by the Jews ? 4. Name as far as you can remember them, all the places in which Paul had established churches thus far 5. Of what use was the Jewish synagogue to the apostles in their introduction of the gospel-?