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Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN L161— O-1096 MARY LYON. 'I'HK I'OUNDKK ()!• Mot'NT IIoi.YOKK ColXKGH. From a iniiiialiiic painting in 183a. THE MAIN DORMITORY, RECENTLY BURNED. MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE. By Henrietta Edgecomb Hooker. EVER since Darwin's ''Origin of Species" turned the trend of the world's thought into new chan- nels, it has been more and more the fashion to study everything with reference to its development. Among the questions with sufBcient data to make their evolution interesting is the rise of the college idea as it affects the education of women. Essential links in this evolution are Mount Holyoke and Mary Lyon's work for it. There has been a dark age for women, even in good old Massachu- setts, and that hardly more than a century ago, when educational ad- vantages for children were construed to mean boys, when grammar schools fitted for college, and colleges for the ministry, as the colonists dreaded leaving "an illiterate ministry to the churches when our ministers shall lie in the dust." The reading of the Bible by both boys and girls, among a people who cared enough for their own conceptions of it to be exiles from a land they loved, was speedily provided for. This with the catechism learned from the New England Primer was for decades almost the sum total of book lore for girls. Such knowledge was all that was needed for good listeners at the Sunday sermons, and could be acquired at the wheel and loom. Those were days when all that was worn by the family must be produced at home, and girls were necessarily busy. True, there were occasional dame's schools, . out of which girls came with samplers and manners, and for years they were content; but about 1790 Boston girls began to attend the public schools — in summer — and Boston fads then as now would creep into the suburban districts. Soon girls as far away as the Connecticut Valley began to sit on the schoolhouse door- MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE. THE ORIGINAL BUILDING IN 1836. Steps to hear the boys recite, and one town which, in 1788, had voted "not to be to any expense for schooHng girls" was obliged by law to recant. About the same time the increase of public schools made the legal recog- nition of women as teachers neces- sary, though all they were required to teach was reading, writing (if stipu- lated) and manners. Then as now every true woman who became a teacher longed to be a better teacher, and the demands for facilities brought in the academies, seminaries and pri- vate schools which late in the last cen- tury and early in the present one arose sustained by private capital. The first academy for both sexes was incor- porated in 1761, at South Byfiekl. The first for women was Adams Academy at Derry, New Hampshire, in 1823: the first in Massachusetts, Ipswich, in 1828. The seminary of Rev. Joseph Emerson at ByfTefd from 181 8 to 1824 was the school which perhaps more than any other had to do with the rise of the Mount Holyoke idea. Among Mr. Emerson's one thou- sand pupils, mainly teach- ers, the two whom he considered the most re- markable were M i s s Grant, early the principal of Ipswich and of Derry, and Mary Lvon, so closelv associated with her. THE LIUKARY. THE OBSERVATORY. There were many reasons why a new school, one of a different type, was needed. The only institutions sufficiently endowed to give them per- manence, having property in buildings, libraries and apparatus, were the colleges. Of tliese, the only one open to women, the Oberlin Collegiate Institute in Ohio, founded in 1833, was prac- tically closed to almost all New England girls because of its re- moteness. Unendowed schools to pay expenses must charge high rates. This made everything be- yond tlie limited ])ubHc school e(hication for girls, in tlie eyes of those who did not consider it an absurdity, a luxury to be enjoyed only by the rich; for the price of MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE. a girl's board and tuition for a year was often twice that of a whole college course for her brother. Re- sults, too, were discouraging, as in many private schools what was taught was so superficial and aimless as to make the acquirers vain, frivo- lous and discontented, or, as one put it, ''less healthy, less domestic, less useful." The demand for schools and teachers was constantly increas- ing, and with it the responsibility for the right teaching of students. Then came Mary Lyon's part in the history of ed- ucation. A deserted spot in Buck- land, in the hill country of Massachu- setts, to which Hol- y o k e girls make sum- mer pilgrim- ages, is now marked by a bronze tablet with this in- s c r i p t i o n: "Mary Lyon, the founder of Mount Hol- yoke Semi- nary, w a s born here February 28, 1797." Known to the world mainly as the woman of faith and good works, whose life has been called an added verse to the eleventh chapter of Hebrews, a picture of her at home and at school will not be uninter- esting'''. ''Nurtured in rural simplicity and Christian sincerity, unfettered by cus- tom and fashion, inhaling strength * From the"'admirable history of Mount Holyoke Semi- nary, by Mrs. Sarah D. (Locke) Stowe, and her Higher Education in Massachusetts, material for this sketch has been liberally drawn. g t^ ^ f ^^^xSf , ^ —, h m ..~.^r '■H| H 1 1 H ! E^ • ~^^^^l ^^^H ■ l^kT' '/^^^B| li ^ i MRS. ELIZABETH S. MEAD. President of Mount Holyoke College, with the fresh mountain air and gathering stores of wisdom from her mother's Bible, this blue-eyed girl, with fair skin, rosy cheeks, broad, high forehead and masses of curling auburn hair, was laying up invaluable resources for after years" — for those days of which her mother wrote: "Mary will not give it up; she just walks the floor, when all is so dark, and says, 'Commit thy way unto the Lord, trust also in him, and he shall bring it to pass.' Wom- en must be educated, they must be!" At school "she was of buoy- ant tempera- m e n t and showed in- tense energy of body, mind and soul; she had a great warm t rusting heart, a keen sense of the ludicrous, a power of liumorous descriptio n combined with over- flowing kind- ness, and al- though she outstripped her schoolmates in their studies they admired her more than they envied her, 'she was so full of benevolence.' " That she was skilled in the household accomplishments of her time is testi- fied by "the two blue and white cover- lets spun, dyed and woven by her own hands, with which she paid for a win- ter's board at Ashfield," by the "blue fulled cloth habit" she wore at Ipswich and Derry, and by the fact that she was her brother's housekeeper at fifteen. MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE. She represented the best culture which the schools of New England and New York, at that time, could produce. After exhausting the lim- tm- ONE OF THE COTTAGES. ited advantages of her own town, we find her at Sanderson Academy, Ash- field, at Amherst, Conway, Troy, N. Y., Byfield, Derry and Ipswich, wherever the best facilities seemed to awakened." It was here that she per- formed the feat of committing to memory the Latin Grammar in three days, and that she calculated eclipses and made an almanac. Previous to her attending Mr. Emerson's school at Byfield, the true aim of education had been in a degree lost sight of in the pure pleasure of acquiring knowledge, which she had enjoyed with all the intensity of her nature. Ever after, for herself and for others, added opportunities for culture meant only added power for usefulness; and that every woman might have this, her birthright, she labored, planned, and prayed. The plans were years in maturing. While associated with Miss Grant she was enlarging them and testing their working power, in the academies of Ipswich and Derry. Miss Lyon has been called by a re- cent writer "the heroine of altruism. THE RUINS OF THE MAIN DORMITORY AFTER THE FIRE. be ofTcrcd for the branches in which she sought training. Of Sanderson Academy she said: "Here I was principally educated, here my mental energies were first the last and highest type.'' No one can deny her this honor who catches the spirit of the words wliich ex- pressed her piu-poses concerning Mount llolyoke: **A ])ermanent insti- MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE. THE LYMAN WILLISTON HALL. tution consecrated to the work of training young women to the greatest usefulness. . . . Designed to be fur- nished with every advantage that the state of education in this country will allow. . . . To put within the reach of students of moderate means such opportunities that none can find better ones." These words are ontheir way to their three score and ten years, yet they need no change to make them embody the advanced thought of to- TITAN S PIER. day; and Mount Holyoke can never hope to attain worthier purposes than those here expressed, of training young women for the greatest useful- ness, to this end giving them every facility the state of education in this country will permit, and at such rates that even those of moderate means can enjoy them. As a result of the forces whose his- tory has thus been outlined, it came about that just two hundred years from the founding of the first college for men, and when one hundred and twenty such colleges existed in the United States, the first institution de- signed exclusively for the higher edu- cation of women was chartered by the Legislature of Massachusetts. It was known for fifty years as Mount Holyoke Seminary, became in 1888 Mount Holyoke Seminary and Col- lege, and in 1893 Mount Holyoke College. The work was not done with the granting of the charter. "Prejudice was to be removed, indifference over- come, philanthropy roused, benevo- 8 MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE. lence called into action." The names of Edward Hitchcock, Andrew Porter and Daniel Safford, who had them- selves first to be won, were the names of powerful allies who gave, besides what pecuniary help they could, time and influence. The funds for the building, $27,000, were collected in sums ranging from six cents, in three instances, to $1,000, in but two, and there were eighteen hundred sub- scribers. Miss Lyon's policy was threefold: to secure the funds from many people, in the first catalogue: "It is no part of the design of this institution to teach young ladies domestic work. Home is the place for the daughters of our country to be taught this subject. Some may inquire what is the design of this arrangement? It may be re- plied that the family work must be per- formed, that it is difficult to find hired domestics and to retain them any considerable time when found, and that young ladies engaged in study sufifer much in vigor and intellectual enersfv and in their future health for -^^^IWi ISmKs^BS'S^i^^'-- " ^ 1 fr:_;: - --^-.. — -- M,„i^J «m^^ __ _____ .__- . -;JBM Ki.^ir^^^^^tt^'^^fliBB^^^^^^HHl ^m^^m^ H^^HHHK '"If l^^^^H ^fl^^^^^^^^^^^^Hukis^ 0^^ tP LAKE NONOTUCK AND GOODNOVV PARK. in order to gain a wider interest in the work; to obtain teachers who, though well equipped, should from love of the work be willing to take small salaries; and to introduce among the students the idea of self-help, in giving to each a part in the economy of the house- hold by sharing in the household work. Her reasons for this unique feature of her school were thus stated the want of exercise. Daughters of well-bred families in New England have independence enough to engage in any business which will promote their own best interests and the inter- ests of those around them, and for such families this institution is de- signed, whatever may be their circum- stances in other respects." Miss Lyon retained the system because of MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE. what it accom- plished in the abohtion of caste, in the dignifying of labor, in giving executive ability, habits of prompt- n e s s and effi- ciency, and as a factor in the power of adapt- ing one's self to circumstances, for which Mount Holyoke women at home and abroad have al- ways been noted. ™' So great has been the misconcep- tion of this idea that even to-day and in towns within a radius of twenty miles of the college there are occasionally found those who suppose the students are largely occupied in learning domestic accomplishments. All that Miss Lyon ever required of her pupils was seventy minutes a day, which has been gradually reduced by the use of modern appliances and by help hired for the harder and less aq^reeable du- PASS OF TllERMOrVLAE. THE VILLAGE CHAPEL. ties till an average of thirty minutes daily from each accomplishes all that is desired. Board and tuition during the first twenty years was about sixty dol- lars. It has been successively raised to eighty dollars; one hundred and twenty-five, during the war, when advanced prices made the struggle for existence the closest; one hundred and fifty; one hundred and seventy- five; two hundred dol- lars; and, in 1892, two hundred and fifty dollars. This covers all expenses of board and tuition, ex- cept for music, which is the only extra. On account of a debt contracted in war times and which in 1868 had be- come $25,000, the trus- tees asked aid of the State, which was granted for the following reasons: "The high standard of scholar- ship and of character; the great number of teachers trained; the value of the household work in honor- ing labor and forming habits of system, fidelity and self-help; the low 10 MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE. LIBRARY AND MAIN BUILDING. charges for so superior advantages; and the Hberahty of the State toward its colleges for men, — citing, as late instances, Tufts, Williams, Amherst, and the State Agricultural College." The first entrance requirements were Arithmetic, Geography, History of the United States, English Gram- mar and Watts *'On the Mind." Those interested feared that sufftcient num- bers could not be found to ' pass the examinations, as they were beyond what was generally considered a fin- ished education for girls. But in the senior, middle and junior classes of that first year were one hundred and sixteen students, of whom four were seniors. The second year four hun- dred were refused for lack of room. Up to five years ago stu- dents entered, as at first, only by examination. At present certificates are re- ceived from the best pre- paratory schools. Latin and I'^rcnch were ^ taught every year after the first, and Miss Lvon looked forward to the addition of Greek and Hebrew, though the former was first included in the curriculum in 1872 and the latter not till 1895, nearly fifty years after her death. The requirements for admission have been steadily increased, with cor- responding changes in the curricu- lUNKK IN TIM', llini.oc MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE. II lum, for which the way has been paved by the following- policy: work beyond requirements has been offered as elective and readily taken by those who either added a year to their course or took post-graduate work. In 1885, eighty were in such work; in 1886, one hundred. Members of the faculty also, seeing the direction of affairs, were asking leave of absence for advanced work in the colleges and universities of this country and of Europe — this while Mount Holyoke being done outside it and to make the further requirements necessary to warrant asking the Legislature for the change of name, and with it power to give degrees. This was granted dur- ing the blizzard of March 8, 1888, when it took the news two days to reach South Hadley. There were those to whom the name Mount Holyoke Seminary, and the culture it had given, seemed suf- ficient, who said: "Secure the power to grant degrees for your higher IN THE COLLEGE LIBRARY. was yet under a Seminary charter. Then came the demand from the alumnae for recognition by degrees of work done, as a necessary help toward further professional study upon which they wished to enter and to which, though they were otherwise prepared, the lack of a degree presented a hin- drance — for in later years colleges for women had risen and the name Semi- nary had come to represent a secon- dary culture. Mount Holyoke could not be true to her birthright in giving or seeming to give anything but the best. It was not found difffcult to in- clude in the curriculum work already course, but keep also the old course for those who prefer it." As a com- promise the name in the charter read Mount Holyoke Seminary and Col- lege. But the Seminary course in time died a natural death, being used merely as a stepping-stone to the broader work; and as no preparatory school attachment was desired, the Legislature again responded to a peti- tion to cut out the "Seminary" from the title, and Mount Holyoke again stepped out upon the platform of "the best culture the state of educa- tion in the country will allow." Mount Holyoke Seminary gradu- 12 MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE. ON THE NORTH CAMPUS. ated over two thousand students. Mount Holyoke College will, in June, 1897, have given degrees to two hun~ dred and ninety. There have been connected with the institution, in the sixty years of its history, eight thou- sand students. Among the names of those who will always be remembered in this im- portant change for the College, and who gave all their energy to its ac- complishment, in arranging the schedule of studies for students, in se- curing funds for extra study, and most especially in planning for work of advanced char- acter by the fac- ulty, are those of Miss Elizabeth Blanchard a n d Miss Anna Ed- wards. The former was principal from 1883 to 1888, the last year acting president; Miss Edwards was vice- principal. In 1837 there were in the faculty the principal, associate principal, two teachers and three pupil assistants. To- day, with three hundred and fifty students, the faculty numbers thirty- eight, with seven library and labora- tory assistants. For many years the teachers were all chosen from Mount Holyoke graduates. At present, though all are women except the one at the head of the school of music, Pro- fessor Alfred M. Fletcher, they rep- resent in graduate and post-graduate MOUNT NONOTUCK. MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE. 13 work the culture of Smith, Wellesley, Oberlin, Hartford Theological Semi- nary, the Universities of Syracuse, Chicago, Michigan, Berlin, Oxford and Cambridge, and the American Classical Institute at Athens. From Miss Lyon's love for science a stimulus was early given in this di- rection, which has never been lost. This was rekindled at the Agassiz school at Penikese, of which three of the Mount Holyoke teachers were members. In all these later years the Botany and Physiology everything in the way of laboratories, lecture rooms and department libraries which they at present need, with opportunity to extend the crowding museums and collections, as the new buildings planned shall ofifer more desirable lecture rooms to those in other lines of work, now near neighbors. The building, costing $50,000, recently erected for the sole use of the departments of Chem- istry and Physics, is in every THE COVE NEAR TITAN S PIER. presence of increasing numbers at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Wood's Holl, where the College from the beginning of work there has been represented at an investigator's table and later with private room for re- search, has helped toward keeping the College in touch with latest scien- tific methods. These influences, with the cooperation of the trustees and alumnae in furnishing appliances for work of high grade have resulted in an equipment to which Mount Hol- yoke is glad to call attention. The Lyman Williston Hall, built and en- larged at a cost of $80,000, gives to the departments of Zoology, Geology, respect up to the demands of the times. It was the proposition of the alumnae to honor Miss Lydia W. Shattuck, for forty years a teacher, by furnishing the funds for this build- ing and calling it by her name. Miss Shattuck was best known as a botan- ist, but was for many years the in- structor in Chemistry, and in money left by her to the college the two de- partments shared alike. There is no one connected with the labors of the past years who is better known or more beloved. With a sturdiness of character born of her early struggles in the New Hampshire hills, a cour- tesy that meant large-heartedness, ^4 MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE. making every one at ease in her pres- ence, a genuineness born of her love of nature, and an acuteness that made nature's secrets hers, her snowv hair ments to make its equipment com- plete selected by the eminent Prince- ton astronomer, Dr. Charles Young, whose biennial lecture course at THE FACULTY PARLOR. and kindly face were a benediction everywhere. Her death, in 1889. re- moved from the faculty the last one who had ever seen Mary Lyon's face. Emerson's words on Thoreau paint more clearly than any others to the alumnae of Mount Holyoke the pic- ture of Miss Shattuck: jMount Holyoke, in addition to the regular college requirements, is one of the treats looked forward to bv the " A lover true, who knew by heart Each joy the mountain dales impart ; It seemed that Nature could not raise A plant in any secret place. In quaking bog, on snowy hill. Beneath the grass that shades the rill. Under the snow between the rocks. In damp fields known to bird and fox. But he would come in the very hour It opened in its virgin bower, As if a sunbeam showed the place, And tell its long-descended race. It seemed as if the breezes brought him ; It seemed as if the sparrows taught him ; As if by secret sight he knew Where, in far fields, the orchids grew." Of the John Payson Williston Ol)- servatory and the work for which it was designed, it is only necessary to say that it was planned and the instru- UK Clll'.MUAL .\l!OKAri)KV MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE. MISS LYDIA \V. SHATTUCK. Students, and for which all plan then- work. That zeal for knowledge and mod- ern methods for obtaining it are far from being the exclusive property of the departments of Sci- ence the full elec- tive courses along all other lines tes- tify. Seminary methods obtain everywhere, stimu- lating to original work, and prog- ress is just as evi- dent as if in each charts, models and instruments ac- quired could show tangible results. In the depart- ments of mathe- matics and Latin during the past year new courses were necessarily added to satisfy the demands of classes which had ex- hausted all those previously offered, — and these were not meager. The school of music provides gen- erously for those who make this branch a specialty, and shares its lec- tures gratuitously, with those of all courses; also its concerts, which are given throughout the year by the best artists the College can command. In the department of Art, besides oppor- tunities for practical work, the lec- tures by Prof. Louise Fitz-Randolph, from the historical standpoint, illus- trated by pictures collected in years of foreign study, are eagerly attended by the students. These afiford a lib- eral culture and the best possible preparation for future study and travel. The original building, erected in 1836, for all dormitory and school purposes, was ninety feet long by fifty feet wide, with four stories and a base- ment. This was architecturally of a type severely plain, but later it was much improved by the addition of a cupola and piazzas. In 1841 it was extended seventy feet, and a south wing one hundred feet long, also four stories high, was added. In 1853 the north wing, of similar dimensions, was finished. In 1865 the completion THE HALL FOR CHE:^1ISTRY AND PHYSICS. of the gymnasium connecting the free ends of the w-ings enclosed the plat of ground known as the quadrangle. This hollow square of buildings, to- gether with the adjoining w^ater tower, boiler works, electric light plant and greenhouse, all later additions, consti- tuted the fuel for the recent fire of i6 MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE. September 26, leaving the picturesque ruin shown in one of the illustrations. Perhaps nothing could testify better to the continuous growth of Mount Holyoke in temporal things than a rapid survey of the acquisitions of the last thirty years in buildings and in the improvements made in them. The ''steam letters" written by the students soliciting funds, with some aid re- ceived from other sources, resulted, in 1868, in the abolition of Franklin stoves and the anxiety attendant upon the care of them and in the introduc- tion of steam heating. In 1870, the library was erected, costing $18,000, from funds raised because of the promise of Mr. and Mrs. Henry F. Durant of Boston, afterwards the founders of Wellesley College, to give $10,000 worth of books when a fireproof building was ready to re- ceive them. That this was all which What this was in its provision for the intellectual progress of the college, the elevator and the artesian well, the products of 1880, were to the physical comfort of the household. In 1881, the Observatory, costing $10,000, provided amply for the needs of the department of astronomy. The greenhouse given by the Misses Dickinson of the class of '67, in 1882, added much to the facilities of the bo- tanical department and enabled the botanic garden to include specimens from floras needing winter pro- tection. In 1883, the pressure for more dormitory room led to the pur- chase of the Dwight homestead, ad- joining the library, which was named North Cottage. In 1884, the Pavilion in the park and many other improve- ments in walks and drives made the grounds more attractive. In 1887 the library doubled its size, and the THE HROOK PATH IN TIIK COLLEGE GROUNDS. the architects planned was lately proven by its standing unharmed when the four stories of brick walls with which it was connected by a wooden corridor melted in fervent heat. In 1876, the Lyman Williston Hall was erected, at a cost of $50,000. addition of West Cottage, from the Allen estate opposite, provided more generously for the growing numbers of students. 1892 brought the elec- tric light plant; 1894 the hall for Chemistry and Physics, costing $50,- 000; 1895 ^^1^' skating rink, the gift of Mr. jolm I). Rockefeller, and 1896 MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE. THE WALK BY LAKE NONOTUCK. the Estabrook house, now South Cottage. The original ten acres of land, pur- chased when the offer of $8,000 by the town of South Hadley led the first trustees to locate there, have increased almost entirely since 1880, to about one hundred acres. This has been in large measure due to the generosity of Hon. E. A. Goodnow of Worcester, for whom the park, containing about forty acres, is named. His gift, be- sides this land, includes a fund whose income is to be used in caring for it. The grounds include, outside the park and botanic gardens, lawns, tennis courts, cycling and coasting grounds, and Lake Nonotuck for skating and rowing, though the use of the Rockefeller skating rink in the last winters has made the lake look lonely. A lady who has traveled much, and whose opinions in her writings the world respects, said while -enjoying the view from Goodnow Park: "Why do you not say more about your grounds? There is not a college in the country which has such views from its campus." The College expenses have been mainly met by the tuition fees, with no Department endowment before the semi-centennial gift in 1887 endowing the President's chair to the extent of $20,000. Latterly a small fund has been accumulating which before the present movement to secure the Pear- sons fund amounted, all told, to less than two hundred thousand dollars. This includes scholarship funds ap- proaching sixty thousand dollars, the income of which is for deserving stu- dents of limited means. The statements concerning recent acquisitions would hardly be com- plete without appreciative mention of the untiring labors of one who, as THE BROOK. i8 MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE. ■^^ '^^Jm'ki:^^M\^'h •S] ■ w - BIRTHPLACE AND t.RWE LYON. OF MARY treasurer of the Board of Trustees, has had to meet the questions con- nected with the financial situation of the College. The buildings recently destroyed were the only ones upon the campus not erected or purchased under his personal supervision, and even these had been so remodeled for comfort and convenience at the suggestion or with the approval of himself or Mrs. Williston, that they were as conversant with every part as if they had helped plan the foundations. The observatory in memory of their son was their gift, as were ten thousand dollars to begin Williston Hall. These and other in- vestments in almost every enterprise started by the College since their con- nection with it testify, as do the time and thought they give to all plans for improvement, the depth of their interest. The present administration, that of President Elizabeth Storrs Mead, has been remarkable for its liberality. Beginning as the institution was entering on full College work, there was opportunity for decided changes and improvements, for which Mrs. Mead has been ready. Among those of vital importance have been the broadening of the curriculum by the adoption of many electivcs, the intro- duction of the group system of studies. and the granting of the one degree, B. A., for all courses, in place of the three degrees formerly given. The semester plan has succeeded that of three terms of work, and the larger liberty with which older students of higher training may well be trusted has not been withheld. The recently added chairs are those of ''Biblical Instruction and Semitic Lan- guages," and ''Constitutional History and Civ- ics." Teachers' courses have been; planned to meet the demands of those who wish to use a leave of absence from their schools for preparation along special lines. Among other proofs of the qualifi- cation of President Mead for her posi- tion should not be forgotten her labors that the inner and outer life of the students may develop symmet- rically. Every morning at chapel' the fundamental truths of religion are presented in an earnest way, emphasizing the worth of character and the high privileges and duties- BOTANUAL GARDEN. MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE. 19 of every conscious child of God. An increase of holidays and es- pecially the observance of Founder's Day have been pleasant features of these later years. The object of the latter has been to keep up the tradi- tions of Mount Holyoke and to ac- quaint the students w^ith the w^ork of the founder. Tv^^o speakers have been appointed yearly, one from the alumnae, another representing some phase of advanced educational thought. This year. President G. Stanley Hall represented the educa- tional v^orld and Mrs. Moses Smith of Chicago, President of the Woman's Board of Mis- sions of the In- terior, the Na- tional Mount Holyoke Alum- nae Association. Twice the laying of a cornerstone has added pleas- ant features to the exercises; on the first occasion the new build- ing was for Chemistry and Physics, and this year the Mary Brigham Hall. To make college life combine other features with the intellectual, and to make these both delightful and profit- able, are the problems of the various organizations in which college girls band themselves together. The Young Women's Christian Associa- tion in its inter-collegiate and home relations, gives enlarged views of life and work, is a rebiike to selfishness, and an introduction to interests in which out in the world the students will concern themselves. The mem- bers conduct Bible classes, hold ser- vices in remote districts, and lead the college prayer-meetings. They also embrace social features in their do- main, and the first reception of the year is given by them to the Fresh- men class. Other organizations working in harmony with them are the Somerset Y., the Mount Holyoke Missionary Association, and the Stu- dent Volunteer Band. Delegates are sent yearly to the Northfield Confer- ence, with inspiring results. The literary societies are the Sigma Theta Chi, Chi Phi Delta, the Shakes- peare Club, and the Journal Club. The first two are the more thoroughly organized and have done much to further the interests of the College. The Sigma lately furnished the reading- room handsomely, and both are working heroically in the interests of endowment. Among the social or- THE MARY BRIGHAM HALL. ganizations, for mixed purpose, but especially for good fellowship and mutual help, are the clubs which, from the 'Tine Tree Club" to the ''We Westerners,'' represent the different states. Of similar aims, l^ut not sec- tional in membership, is the Anti- Monotony Club. The college spirit could hardly thrive in these days without athletic interests; and that this is felt at Mount Holyoke is testified by the General Athletic Association, the Polo, Rinkle Polo, Basket Ball, Tennis and Boat- ing Clubs, and no less by the "Views Afoot Club" and ''The Pedestrians." The Gorge, the Bluffs, Bittersweet Lane, Indian Head, the Pass of Thermopylae, Titan's Pier, the Ferry, the Mountain Pasture, as well as the 20 MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE. higher view points of ]\lount Tom and Mount Holyoke, have asleep in them echoes of cheery voices and good times which are food for happy medi- tation all the years. Among the most prominent fac- tors in the well-being of the College are the Alumnae Associations, or ''The College in the World." Their pur- pose is provision for the increased well-being of their Alma ]\Iater. If there is an endowment fund to be raised, the Alumnae speed it; if there is a new measure that will affect deeply the interests of the College, the Alum- nae discuss it. They are represented by three members on the Board of Trustees. Among their larger gifts are the Mary Lyon fund, as endow- ment of the President's chair, for something over twenty thousand dol- lars; fifteen thousand dollars toward the Lydia Shattuck Hall, which they are laboring to make thirty thousand; and besides the effort for funds for immediate rebuilding, in which every Mount Holyoke woman is interested, they are striving toward the one hun- dred and fifty thousand dollar endow- ment for the Professors' chairs, to which when secured Dr. Pearsons oflfers to add fifty thousand dollars. Nearly ninety thousand of this sum are already promised. The Turkish Alumnae have for some time sent a yearly contribution to the botanic gar- den in memory of Mrs. Millingen, one of their cherished members. A chair of pedagogy is the object toward which the Philadelphia Alumnae are now working. Although the dollars come in slowly, the College will never be poor while the loyalty of the true hearts of her daughters continues. There are few whose records are more carefully kept than are those in the College Quinquennial of the eight thousand students whose names have for a longer or shorter time been en- rolled at Mount Holyoke. This cata- logue is the outgrowth of the old Memorandum Society publication of the first fifty years. The i^ublica- tions of the undcrg-raduatcs arc 77/c Llamarada, an annual, by the junior class, and the Mount Holyoke, issued monthly. The alumnae as an organ- ization are represented in the College Settlement work to which they sub- scribe annually; they also give to the College the privileges of the Ameri- can School at Athens by contributing yearly to its support. This is a great incentive to work in the department of Greek, as graduates have free tui- tion there. The names of Mount Holyoke women on the lists of those interested in philanthropic and benevolent work have been many; nor have they been wanting in professional life. Among prominent educators are Miss Ada Howard, first president of Wellesley College; Miss Abby Ferguson, presi- dent of Huguenot College of Well- ington, Cape Colony; Miss Sarah Eastman, the principal of Dana Hall, Wellesley; Miss Helen Peabody, founder of the Western Female Semi- nary, now the Western College, Ox- ford, Ohio, the first school founded after the pattern of Mount Holyoke; ]\Iiss Laura Watson, principal of Ab- bott Academy, Andover; Caroline Yale, principal of Clark Institute for Deaf Mutes, Northampton; Miss Mary Evans, principal of Lake Erie Seminary, Painesville, Ohio; Airs. Susan Tolman Mills, president of Mills College, Cal., and Mrs. Alice Gordon Gulick, the founder of the In- ternational Institute of Spain, from which, during the last three years, the students have received the degree of B. A. from the Government Institute. Among those who have made a name as physicians are Dr. Mary Smith, prominent as a surgeon, connected with the New England Hospital in P)Oston; Dr. Elizabeth l~*cck. o.nce resident physician at Mount Hol- yoke, now consulting physician of the Woman's Department of the Philadel- phia Hospital and on the faculty of the Woman's Medical College, and Dr. Mary Dole, one of the first to re- ceive a degree from Mount Holyoke, who after some time in the New Ens:- MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE. 21 land Hospital and in study in Ger- many and in the Pasteur Institute in Paris, returned in 1895 to Greenfield, where she has a large practice and is pathologist in the Greenfield Hos- pital. Among those known to litera- ture are Mary O. Nutting, librarian at Mount Holyoke, whose fame as an author rests principally on her care- fully written histories, including "Wil- liam the Silent" and "The Days of Prince Maurice"; Ellen C. Parsons, the editor of "Woman's Work for Woman"; Miss Mary Henry, a writer of girl's books, among which "Quiet Corners" and "Hope Reed's Upper Window" are remembered; Edna Dean Proctor; Anna Reed of "A Single Strand" fame; Marietta Kies, whose latest work, "Institutional Ethics," shows her line of thought; Miss Mary Wilkins — at Mount Hol- yoke in 1 87 1, ]\Iiss Lucy Stone and Mrs. Lucy Wright ^Mitchell, whose "History of Sculpture" is of recog- nized merit. Sixty years of Mount Holyoke's life have passed away, and with the last days of them the building whose cornerstone Mary Lyon laid. But the forces for good that have here had their origin live in results that can only be known when we see as He does, to whom causes and results read in succession as from an open book. But the future. Already four dormitories are planned. The Mary Brigham Hall even now raises its walls, the gift of the Xew York and Brooklyn Alumnae, in memory of a cultivated and consecrated woman, elected to the first presidency of the College, but whose death, before she entered upon the duties of her ofifice, came as a providence inexplicable and so difHcult to receive. Dr. Pearsons of Chicago, than whom Mount Hol- yoke has no truer friend, besides ten thousand dollars toward the latter cot- tage, has given forty thousand dollars for another; and his promise of fifty thousand dollars toward permanent endowment — already made half good — waits till the Alumnae shall have one hundred and fifty thousand dollars ready to put with that sum. For all the rest, dormitories, chapel, gymnasium, reading rooms and green- liouse, all of which recently disap- peared, for added art gallery, lecture rooms and music hall, which before seemed necessary and now are im- perative, — all these are to be secured and furnished and in part the land on which they are to stand purchased from the one hundred and twenty- seven thousand dollars, the insurance on the old building and its contents. The Alumnae are loyal, but they are women ; and whatever may be said of the rights of women in these days they have not always the power to turn the keys in the larger treasuries of the world. There are those, how- ever, who can make this, Mount Hol- yoke's extremity, as it is also her op- portunity, an occasion to erect memo- rials of good women with the con- fident expectation of making all women who use them better. Work may increase at Mount Holyoke, methods may change, but ideals must remain the same while on the College seal is written: "That our daughters may be as cornerstones, polished after the similitude of a palace"; and while the students still sing: " Holvoke. Holyoke, tried and true, We will love her ever, Alma Mater and the blue We'll forsake, no, never." Hoi - yoke, Hoi - j'oke are we. k UNIVERSfTY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA llllllllllllllllllllllllllillllll 3 0112 111857857