LIBRA RY 
 
 OF THL 
 
 U N 1 VERS ITY 
 
 or ILLI NOIS 
 
 i'dlNOIS mSTIIRICM SURVEY
 
 ALFRED HANBY JONES — 1934
 
 An 
 
 Autobiographical Sketch 
 
 of 
 
 My Life 
 
 ALSO 
 
 A number of the Addresses which I have made on 
 Special Occasions and which are of some local interest 
 to the people generally, including Addresses delivered 
 in regard to my work, as Food and Dairy Commissioner 
 of the State of Ilinois, as well as Addresses delivered 
 while connected with my work as Chairman of the Re- 
 publican Committee of Crawford County, and a Member 
 of the Republican State Central Committee of Illinois; 
 also, in connection with my work while a Member of the 
 National Association of State Dairy and Food Officials 
 of United States, and I am only giving some of the 
 principal Addresses from the many that I have made 
 during that time, hoping they may be of interest to the 
 readers of my Autobiography. 
 
 By 
 ALFRED HANBY JONES 
 
 PRINTED BY 
 
 THE ARGUS PRINTING HOUSE 
 Robinson, Illinois 
 
 MCMXXXV
 
 
 '- INTRODUCTORY 
 
 ,jij In these introductory remarks I am reminded of the 14th 
 
 Chapter of the Book of Job wherein he described the shortness 
 
 of man's hfe and his work and the seeming futiHty of all he has 
 
 done in the following language, 
 
 "Man that is born of a woman is of few days, and full 
 
 of trouble 
 
 He Cometh forth like a flower, and is cut down ; he 
 
 t fleeth also as a shadow, and continueth not. 
 
 I ******** 
 
 I So man lieth down, and riseth not : till the heavens be no 
 
 more, they shall not awake, nor be raised out of their 
 
 sleep. 
 ******** 
 
 If a man die, shall he live again?" 
 
 This biblical narrative delivered by the patriarch Job over 
 2300 years ago in the land of Uz in Chaldea three centuries be- 
 fore the Christian era is as true today, as it was then. 
 -> And as I look back over the 84 years of my past life, I feel a 
 
 ^ great deal, as did "the patient Job" that there are many things in 
 this life that are too comprehensive for m.an to understand, and 
 that in giving these introductory remarks I feel that it is pertinent 
 to quote them, as they have been quoted so many times before. 
 ■J I do not want it understood by the above quotation that life 
 
 J has been one of gloom, or misgiving, but on the contrary, it has 
 -^ been filled with much joy and pleasure and I like to look back 
 over it and refer to the many pleasant things that have taken place 
 during that time. 
 
 Every man or woman who arri\'es at that period of life when 
 
 they like to look back over their past lives, in my judgment, feel 
 
 ^, as I do, that they should write something in regard to what has 
 
 J taken place in their lives that might interest and be of use to man- 
 
 " kind and set forth the same so that those who come after them 
 
 may have the benefit of their experience, their happiness and 
 
 -)3(-
 
 pleasures they have enjoyed. Accordingly, I have attempted this 
 in a brief way as the many addresses I have included in this Book, 
 are only a few, and some of those that I enjoyed the most and 
 which gave me the greatest pleasure. 
 
 In this fair land of ours we do not all see alike when it comes 
 to religion — we are many of us of different denominations and in 
 politics belong to different political parties, but we all agree on 
 one most important thing ; we have the greatest government, the 
 best civilization, the best free institutions, the greatest industries, 
 the finest churches and schools of any other country' on earth. 
 
 And I might say that all of my life I have been impressed 
 with these thoughts, and have tried to impress them upon others 
 and I think it is the duty of every citizen in this great Republic 
 of ours to do something, not only for himself, and his people sur- 
 roimding him, but the great mass of humanity in general, and 
 feeling that vvay, I have prepared and had published this auto- 
 biographical sketch of my life, along with some of my principal 
 addresses delivered by me at various times and places during my 
 past life. 
 
 Robinson, Illinois. 
 July 4. A. D. 1935 
 
 ')H-
 
 AUTOBIOGRAPHY 
 
 My great grandfather Moses Jones was a resident of Wales 
 and came to the United States and settled near Manassas Junction, 
 in the State of Virginia, prior to the War of the Revolution. He 
 was the father of six sons — Moses, Aaron, Solomon, Peter, Isaac 
 and Jacob. 
 
 Aaron, my grandfather was born in Wales in the year 1774, 
 and moved to Manassas Junction, Virginia where he married 
 Mary Shepherd. In the year 18 10 he, with his family, removed 
 to Oxford, Butler County, Ohio. They were the parents of fifteen 
 children. In 1832 he removed to Crawford County, Illinois and 
 settled upon what is known as the "Aaron Jones Farm", about a 
 half mile southwest of Flat Rock, Crawford County, Illinois. At 
 the time of his settling in Illinois, but three of his sons, Hiram, 
 John M. (my father), and Israel were under 21 years of age. 
 Aaron Jones and his wife lived to the end of their days upon 
 this farm. They died in the year 1847 and were buried in the 
 "Jones Graveyard", located upon the southwest part of the farm, 
 and now known as the "Jones Cemetery". The dates of their 
 deaths were less than a month apart, the wife's death preceding 
 that of her husband. 
 
 John Miller Jones, my father, resided with his father Aaron 
 Jones on the above named farm until he arrived at the age of his 
 majority. My grandfather, John Ford, on my mother's side came 
 from Bowling Green, Kentucky, when the Indians were here, and 
 settled at what is now the Village of Flat Rock, in this Crawford 
 County. I might state that John Ford's wife's father Benjamin 
 Hazel Highsmith settled in Montgomery Township just after the 
 Revolutionary War and was a soldier in that War, and his grave 
 is now located on what is called the "Alonzo Lindsay Farm", in 
 Montgomery Township. He was a "squatter", as he settled there 
 before the State was laid off into political divisions, towns, sec- 
 tions and ranges, and lived there until his death. John Ford, 
 
 -.)5(-
 
 my grandfather was a soldier in the War of 1812 and served 
 under General Jackson in the famous battle at New Orleans against 
 the English forces under General Packingham. My father married 
 Elizabeth Ford, a daughter of John and "Hopy" Highsmith Ford 
 in 1837, and to this marriage was born four sons and two daugh- 
 ters, James William Jones June 30, 1839, Sarah A., who died in 
 infancy, Cyntha A. Jones August 11, 1845, Absalom W. Jones 
 September 15, 1847, Alfred Hanby Jones July 4th, 1850 (the 
 author of this sketch), and Henry Franklin Jones September 10, 
 1852. Cyntha A. Jones afterwards married Lewis N. Tohill and 
 by this union there were born six children and Cyntha A. Tohill 
 departed this life in 1874, since which time James William Jones, 
 Dr. Absalom W. Jones, and Dr. Henry F. Jones have departed this 
 life, leaving the author of this Autobiography as the only member 
 of the family living. 
 
 I was born on the 4th of July, A. D. 1850, on my father's 
 farm about one mile west of what is now the Village of Flat Rock, 
 in this Crawford County, Illinois, and resided on the farm, with 
 my parents as a member of the family until I was about 17 years 
 old when I left home to attend College, first at Westfield, Illinois, 
 and from there I attended School at the National Normal School 
 at Lebanon, Ohio. In the meantime I taught school, one term of 
 six months at what is known as the "Clark School District" ; an- 
 other term of six months at the "Taylor District", and another 
 term of sLx months at the "Higgins District", all in the vicinity 
 of my parents' home, after which time I concluded to take the 
 advice of Horace Greeley, of the New York Tribune and go west 
 and "grow up with the country". I went to Nemeha County, 
 Kansas, and while there I visited relatives as an Uncle of mine 
 Nathan Ford and family lived near Seneca, the County Seat. 
 There I taught a winter's term of school at St. Mary's, Kansas. 
 After one year's experience in the west I discovered that it was no 
 place for me as the country was infested with the chinch bugs, 
 grasshoppers and dry weather, and accordingly, I returned home 
 for the purpose of preparing to practice my chosen profession of 
 the law. 
 
 I might state, that in justice to Kansas I think it is one of the 
 greatest states in the Union, and is settled up with a wonderful 
 people, and I enjoyed my stay there very much, but I wanted to 
 get back where I could read and study law and so returned to 
 Robinson, Crawford County, Illinois, where I entered the law 
 office with Messrs. Ethelbert Callahan and William C. Jones. 
 
 -)6(-
 
 For two years I was engaged in the study of the law with the firm 
 of Callahan & Jones and at the end of that time June 14, 1875 
 I was admitted to practice, after an examination before the Su- 
 preme Court of Illinois, at Mt. Vernon in 1875. 
 
 Upon my return home from Kansas June 18, 1871 I was 
 married at Greenhill College, in the State of Indiana, to Miss 
 Matilda Ellen Thompson. This marriage occurred on the Com- 
 mencement Day of the College, and was at the close of the Pro- 
 gram for the Exercises. She died October 10, 1874, leaving one 
 son, Gus A. Jones, who is now a bookkeeper for the Second Na- 
 tional Bank of Robinson, Illinois. In 1878 I was married to Miss 
 Catherine A. Beals of Crawford County, daughter of Mr. and 
 Mrs. George Beals, of Pickerton, Ohio, and by this marriage one 
 son Roscoe was born, who lived but three years. He was born 
 October i, 1880 and died October 4, 1883. 
 
 In 1876, on the death of Major Guy Alexander I was chosen 
 States Attorney of Crawford County, and filled out this unex- 
 pired term. In the meantime I became interested in the affairs 
 of the Village of Robinson, and was elected a Member of the 
 Board of Trustees of the Village of Robinson. As Attorney for 
 the Village I drafted many of the Ordinances, creating many new 
 streets and laid out a new Addition, in the southeast part of the 
 then, Village of Robinson, called "The A. H. Jones' Addition." 
 I might state that my former preceptor, Judge William C. Jones, 
 and his brother-in-law James O. Steel owned some 40 acres ad- 
 joining the lands that I had laid out, and I, with the assistance of 
 the County Surveyor Mr. Austin W. Gordon, laid these lands out 
 into Village Lots for them. The additions thus laid out are now 
 an important part of the City of Robinson — for east of them is 
 The Ohio Oil Company Refinery, and south the Machine Shops 
 of Norris Brothers, and the Addition of Harry E. Otey, and west 
 of them is the W. A. Case Pottery Plant. These additions were 
 laid off about the time that the present C. C. C. & St. L. (Big 
 Four) Railroad was built and as my former preceptor the Honor- 
 able Ethelbert Callahan was one of the Directors, and he and 
 Mr. Abner P. Woodworth, who was also President of the Robinson 
 Bank, was a Director, and very much interested in the building 
 of this road — I helped organize a Building Company to build the 
 railroad through Crawford County. The Company was composed 
 of Ezekiel Bishop, Stephen D. Meserve, A. J. Reavill and myself 
 called "Bishop, Meserve & Company". We took the contract of 
 building the road through Crawford County, and I was made 
 
 -)7(-
 
 Secretary of the Company, and drew all the contracts for grading, 
 and preparing the roadbed for ties and rails, taking the County 
 Bonds of Crawford County, in payment of same. 
 
 I might further state that my experience in railroad building 
 was of great value to me. I learned that the pioneer in railroad 
 building generally got the worst of it as when we got through 
 came the depression of 1877, and the railroad company went into 
 the hands of a Receiver, and the balance of our pay in the bonds 
 of the railroad company were of slight value. 
 
 For more than thirty years I was connected with the Village 
 Board and afterwards the City Council of Robinson for 16 years. 
 During that time the growth and development of the City was 
 such that it threw off the village yoke, and put on the new dress 
 of Mayor and City Council. I had the honor of being City At- 
 torney and to continue the work of laying out additional streets, 
 and alleys for the new City of Robinson. 
 
 In the meantime I became interested in the affairs of the 
 Schools of the City and was elected a Member of the School Board 
 and served in this capacity for 20 years, and as such had the 
 pleasure of directing the building of the South Side School Build- 
 ing and securing additional grounds for the School Building. 
 
 In 1876 I was elected Chairman of the Republican Central 
 Committee of Crawford County, a position I held for 42 consecu- 
 tive years. I was for 8 years a member of the Illinois State Cen- 
 tral Committee ; was a member of the 35th Illinois General As- 
 sembly 1 886- 1 888, representing the 45th District. In 1896 was 
 a delegate to the Republican National Convention at St. Louis that 
 nominated William McKinley for President, also, a delegate to the 
 National Convention at Chicago in 1920 that nominated Warren 
 G. Harding for President and Calvin Coolidge for Vice President. 
 
 In 1897 I was appointed by Governor John R. Tanner, Chair- 
 man of the Board of Trustees of the Eastern Illinois State Teach- 
 ers' College at Charleston, and continued a member of the Board 
 until the first buildings had been completed and the school or- 
 ganized, and the faculty of teachers employed and the school put 
 in operation. I wish to state that, in my judgment, these were 
 the finest school buildings in the State and were well equipped for 
 carrying on the work of preparing teachers for teaching as well as 
 students for duties generally to be performed by them. Dr. L. C. 
 Lord was made President and served as such until his death a few 
 years ago and was regarded as one of Illinois' greatest educators. 
 
 I resigned at this time to accept the appointment of State 
 
 -)8(-
 
 Food Commissioner of the State of Illinois in 1899. The Legis- 
 lature in 1898, having passed an Illinois State Food Law, creat- 
 ing the first Food Commission. I had the honor of receiving this 
 appointment from Governor Tanner. Immediately after I was 
 appointed Food Commissioner, I established a State Food Office 
 on the 1 6th Floor of the Manhattan Building, Chicago, and after 
 advising with Governor Tanner I appointed the office force to 
 assist me in the enforcement of the law as follows : J. A. Monrad, 
 Winnetka, Assistant Commissioner ; E. N. Eaton, M. S., Chicago, 
 State Analyst; Miss Lucy Doggitt, assistant State Analyst; J. C. 
 Ware, Champaign, Inspector ; Frank h. Hubbard, Chicago, In- 
 spector ; J. C. Eagleton, Robinson, Inspector ; Robert Burke, Auro- 
 ra, Inspector ; Carl E. Tragardth, Rockford, Inspector ; W. C. 
 Campbell, Grant Park, Inspector ; Miss Eleanor Petry, Chicago, 
 Stenographer. 
 
 I found that it was necessary to prosecute cases for violation 
 of the law, and with the advise and consent of Governor Tanner 
 I appointed Judge J. C. Eagleton to look after the prosecutions 
 and he acted as Presecutor until he resigned to accept the office 
 of Circuit Judge during Governor Deneen's administration. I 
 served the remainder of Governor Tanner's administration as Food 
 Commissioner. 
 
 In the meantime I became a member of the Association of 
 American Food Officials, and at the meeting in Chicago in 1901 
 was elected President of the National Association of the State 
 Dairy and Food Departments of the United States and served for 
 three years as President. A^t various sessions of Congress, for six 
 years, I went to Washington, D. C. to appear before Congress 
 with a Committee of this Association to secure a National Food 
 Law, which food law was enacted in 1906 and went into effect 
 January i, 1907. 
 
 At the close of Governor Tanner's administration Honorable 
 Richard Yates was elected Governor and I was re-appointed by 
 him in 1902, and immediately after my appointment I took up 
 with the General Assembly a revision of the State Food Law and 
 rulings and a thorough revision was made of all laws pertaining 
 to foods. I was assisted in this work by Judge J. C. Eagleton. I 
 served for four years until his successor Honorable Charles S. 
 Deneen was elected and he re-appointed me Food Commissioner 
 in 1906; I served eight years under his administration, and during 
 his administration the State Civil Service Law was passed putting 
 all the employees under the Civil Service. Another most important 
 
 -)9(-
 
 law was passed creating the Australian Ballot System and a Primary 
 that required all voters to be registered with restrictions guarding 
 the polls against repeating and fraud, and this law has been of 
 great advantage to honest voters and honest elections. During 
 his administration Congress passed the New National Food Law 
 regulating Interstate Commerce in foods as well as with foreign 
 governments. This law went into effect January i, 1907, and 
 immediately after its passage I took up with our General Assemb- 
 ly the passage of a New State Food Law, modeled after the Na- 
 tional Food Law, with rulings and standards, pertaining to all 
 foods, and the same was enacted into law and thus Illinois was 
 one of the first states of the Union to pass a State Food Law, 
 modeled after the National Food Law with rulings and standards 
 for all the various food products and under this law we could have 
 co-operation between all the National and State Food Officials — 
 and of foreign governments bringing foods into our markets as 
 well. 
 
 Governor Deneen was suceeded by Governor Edward F. 
 Dunne. I tendered my resignation to Governor Dunne, upon his 
 taking office, and he informed me that he was not ready to make 
 the appointment, and for me to hold the office until he was ready 
 to make the appointment, which I did, serving under him until 
 August I, 1913. After which time, as my successor the Honorable 
 W. Scott Matthews had been appointed, Governor Dunne ac- 
 cepted my resignation, and I returned home to engage in the law 
 practice, and look after the oil industries, with which I had been 
 connected. 
 
 After my return home, and during the World War in 191 7 
 I was appointed by the United States Government, Food Adminis- 
 trator for Crawford County, and served during the entire War 
 and at the same time was appointed Chairman of the Liberty 
 Loan Organization in this District composed of Crawford and Jas- 
 per counties. Mr. J. S. Abbott was appointed Chairman for this, 
 Crawford County, and Captain E. W. Hersh was appointed for 
 Jasper County. With their assistance we raised over two and one- 
 half millions of dollars through the sale of United States Liberty 
 Loan Bonds for the District, and I might state that we each served 
 without any salary or compensation. I was Chairman of the Bank- 
 ers Association of Crawford County during this time, delivering 
 many addresses in this and Jasper County, urging the people to 
 assist by purchasing Liberty Loan Bonds from the government in 
 order that the government might have funds to carry on the war. 
 
 -)10(-
 
 Prior to this time, back in 1878, Judge W. C. Jones had been 
 elected County Judge of Crawford County, and served until he 
 was elected Circuit Judge in 1879, and upon his election as Coun- 
 ty Judge in 1878 I formed a partnership with the Honorable Ethel- 
 bert Callahan and J. C. Maxwell, which partnership continued 
 until J. C. Maxwell retired in 1B79. I continued in partnership 
 with Mr. Callahan until 1888 when Ausby L. Lowe was taken in 
 and the firm of Callahan, Jones & Lowe was formed and continued 
 until Mr. Callahan retired from the practice in 191 1, since which 
 time Judge Ausby L. Lowe and myself have continued in the 
 practice until the present time. 
 
 I might state here that, among other things with which I was 
 identified was, as mentioned before, the procuring of the site and 
 a school building for the south side in this City, which is a beau- 
 tiful location on five acres of ground, and on which now is being 
 erected a new school building, a fine building modern in all re- 
 spects. Another improvement was the Court House built in 1895. 
 Mr. H. L. Bovell, who was the Supervisor from this Robinson 
 Township introduced the resolution prepared by me to the Board 
 of Supervisors and it was adopted and the Court House is one 
 of the finest for the price it cost, in Southern Illinois, and is the 
 pride of our County. Another building with which I was identified 
 was the beautiful Methodist Church of this City, built in 1899. ^ 
 had the honor of being Chairman of the Building Committee and 
 spent considerable time and money in its erection and completion. 
 For many years I have been a member of the Official Board, and 
 am still a member of the Board. Another of the principal build- 
 ings in the City of Robinson with which I was connected, along 
 with Mr. G. W. Harper, was the Carnegie Library built in 1906. 
 Another was the new Post Office Building on the south side of 
 the Public Square, and in order to secure same I made a trip to 
 Washington to confer with Honorable \V. A. Rodenburg, Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Public Buildings in the House of Repre- 
 sentatives and Senator S. M. CuUom, of the United States Senate. 
 After presenting the matter to them and showing them the growth 
 of the City of Robinson, and its development since the "oil boom", 
 and the proceeds of the Post Office they assured me that they 
 could, in their judgment, get the Building for us, and to make sure 
 of it I arranged for another trip to Washington and Mr. J. S. 
 Abbott, who was also a Member of the Chamber of Commerce 
 of this city, went with me to Washington and while there we got 
 the matter before Congress and through the help of Congress- 
 
 -)11(-
 
 man Rodenburg and Senator Cullom secured the appropriation, 
 not only for the building, but for the beautiful grounds, on which 
 the same stands and giving to Robinson, one of the finest Post 
 Office Buildings and site in Southern Illinois. This building was 
 dedicated in June 1916. 
 
 May I state that in 1921 Honorable I.en Small was elected 
 Governor of Illinois, and I had been one of his ardent admirers 
 and supporters, and after he was elected he telegraphed me to 
 come to Springfield. Accordingly, I went in response to his re- 
 quest and when I went in the Executive Office he called his Sec- 
 retary Mr. Sutton, and requested him to hand him my commission. 
 He did so and then the Governor said, "There Mr. Jones is your 
 Commission. I have appointed you Superintendent of Foods and 
 Dairies", and with some complimentary remarks how I had dis- 
 charged the duties of this office, while I formerly held the office. 
 I assured him that it would be a great pleasure for me to accept 
 the office and become a member of his official family, and I 
 held the office under him for seven years. During his term of 
 office I had the pleasure of seeing every county seat in the State 
 connected up by hard, or concrete roads, as Governor Small was 
 called the '"Good Roads Governor of the State of Illinois." I en- 
 joyed the work as fully as I did under former Governors, for I 
 always had enjoyed the work of enforcing the Food and Dairy 
 Laws of the State, and being associated with the Governors and 
 other officials, under which I served, or with whom I worked in 
 conjuction with enforcing the Dairy and Food Laws. 
 
 I love to look back over the more than 22 years with which 
 I was connected with the food and dairy work, and the pleasure 
 I enjoyed, not only with the Governors, under which I served, 
 but with my association with the various food officials, and food 
 dealers and dair^Tnen of this great state of ours. 
 
 As I look back upon this period and think it over I feel that 
 I was justified in tendering my resignation to Governor Small as 
 the oil industries were such in my "home town", and our law 
 business had so increased that I felt that I should retire and give 
 my personal affairs more attention, and so stated to Governor 
 Small in order that he might fully understand my reason for re- 
 signing the high position to which he had corn-missioned me. 
 
 For more than 35 years I was a Director of the First National 
 Bank of Robinson, Illinois and was one of its organizers in 1896, 
 as well as ser\-ed as President two years. The bank was very suc- 
 cessful until the depression came, some three years ago. Money 
 
 -)12(-
 
 loaned on farm lands and other collaterals, had becorrie s6 de- 
 preciated in value that it became necessary to take some steps to 
 meet the reduction on loans and collaterals made. 
 
 I might further state that when the depression came we had 
 fourteen banks in Crawford County, and the number is now re- 
 duced to seven. The First National Bank, the Robinson State 
 Bank and The Farmers and Producers Bank of this city were liqui- 
 dated into The Second National Bank of Robinson, Illinois, and 
 1 have the honor of being one of the Directors and stockholders in 
 this Second National Bank since it was organized in 1932. 
 
 The depression has continued, and property values have con- 
 tinued for some two or three years to depreciate, and all lines of 
 business have become affected, and in accordance with this procla* 
 mation closing the banks the President recommended to Congress, 
 and Congress passed laws regulating stock markets, and giving the 
 President authority to organize Bureaus, or Codes, to regulate the 
 various industries of the United States, and today so many bureaus 
 and codes have been organized that the people, as well as thfe 
 business interests of the United States are awaiting the outcome 
 of what the result will be in regard to this new departure, com- 
 monly called the "New Deal", and I shall not comment on it, as 
 the matter is now in the hands of the Courts and Congress, and 
 only time and the future can tell what the result will be. 
 
 About sixty years ago I joined the Odd Fellows Lodge, and 
 the Masonic Lodge of this city, and about ten years ago I received 
 from the Odd Fellow Lodge the "Jewel" given to me by the Lodge 
 for 50 years of membership, and when the Elks Lodge was organ- 
 ized here I became a Member of that Order and am still a mem- 
 ber of all of said Lodges, and until the last two years have been 
 very active in fraternal work. 
 
 And in concluding these remarks to my past life, I wish to 
 state that I have always tried to be very active in whatever line 
 of work I was engaged in, and I think I have borne my part as 
 well as I could in helping carry on the work, whether as a boy on 
 the farm in my native Town of Honey Creek, in this Crawford 
 County, which has always been very dear to me, as I love its hills 
 and valleys, its good people and like to look back over its develop- 
 ments and growth, and the advanced position it has taken in as- 
 sisting all the other townships in the County, in carrying on and 
 forwarding the work of progress, but more especially am I proud 
 of what has been accomplished in my own home town and the 
 part I have taken in helping develop the growth and prosperity 
 
 ■)13(-
 
 of Robinson. I have seen it grow from a town of 600 inhabitants 
 — sixty years ago, when I firsi came to this City. It had no rail- 
 roads, no telegraph lines, no telephone, no hard roads, and the 
 public buildings were of the commonest kind. I have lived to see 
 the town have two good railroads, a first class post office with a 
 number of rural routes running out to various parts of the county, 
 radios, splendid school buildings, along w^ith a Township High 
 School Building, a fine Court House, and a Carnegie Public Li- 
 brary have been erected. I have seen the Public Square around 
 the Court House built up with modern business houses, and all 
 filled with good live merchants, and as stated above, have seen it 
 grow from a Village of 600 people to 6,000, including the various 
 additions. About thirty years ago Crawford County had a fine oil 
 and gas boom, which brought to our City a class of oil men that 
 built up the oil industries, the new Ohio Oil Company Refinery, 
 which is one of the best in the United States, the Bradford Supply 
 Company, the Norris Machine Shops, the Pottery and hundreds 
 of oil wells in the County, which furnish oil and gas. We are all 
 proud of Robinson and Crawford County, its development and 
 growth, its public buildings, and public improvements and all that 
 goes to make up a City or County, what they should be. 
 
 I like to look back over this period of sixty years, or more and 
 know that I had a hand in its development, and that my time and 
 money had been at the demand of those who were carrying on 
 this great work of prosperity, and developing our growth, and I 
 hope to live to see the depression over, business come back so as 
 to be successful, and sec our farmers, merchants and business men 
 generally prospering as they have never prospered before. 
 
 In my past life I have always tried to be a progressive and 
 believe in the future, and look forward to things better, and not 
 a worshiper of my ancestors, as too many of the oriental nations 
 have done, but believe that they, my ancestors, like myself, did the 
 best they could, and would want to see me, as well as those who 
 came after me, continue the work of prosperity, and believing 
 this, I am convinced that the Almighty, who created this Great 
 Universe, and looks down upon it, and us, will take cognizance of 
 all we have done and are doing and if we are faithful to our trust 
 will help us in the future as he has in the past. 
 
 With this point in view, I submit these remarks, as well as 
 some of my addresses in order that those who may come after me 
 may better understand what I have done and the motives that 
 prompted me in doing what I have done, and in closing my sketch 
 
 -)14(-
 
 hope that these remarks, and what I have pubhshed, will be re-' 
 ceived accordingly. 
 
 ')15(-
 
 ADDRESS DELIVERED AT CELEBRATION OF 
 4™ OF JULY, 1917 
 
 Court House Yard, Robinson, Illinois 
 
 MR. CHAIRMAN: 
 
 How pleasant and delightful it is to have the privilege of ad- 
 dressing my neighbors and friends gathered on this lovely July 
 day, here in our beautiful City of Robinson, and this splendid 
 County of Crawford, and magnificent State of Illinois, being al- 
 most in the center of our great Republic — to celebrate this the One 
 Hundred and Forty-first anniversary of our national life. 
 
 MR. CHAIRMAN: 
 
 The history of the United States of America for the past 
 141 years reads like a romance ; no other nation, no other people 
 on the face of the earth has had such peace and prosperity showered 
 down upon them by the Almighty as has this glorious country of 
 ours. 
 
 Here in the short space of 141 years our country has surpassed 
 that of all the other countries of the world. 
 
 When this Declaration of Independence was signed promul- 
 gated by our forefathers in 1776 the eastern boundary of the then 
 United States was considered the Atlantic ; the western boundary 
 was the "father of waters" — the Mississippi River; the southern 
 boundary the Gulf of Mexico, and the northern boundary the 
 Great Lakes. 
 
 All the country west of the Mississippi was, under the con- 
 trol of France, England, Spain and Mexico, and all the settlement 
 at that time was along the Atlantic in the thirteen original colonies. 
 Then this great State of Illinois, and all this country where we cele- 
 brate was a wilderness, inhabited by the wildest savage tribes of 
 Indians, and the still wilder animals and beasts of prey. 
 
 We love to celebrate the Fourth of July — our national Anni- 
 versary — by all meeting together and being entertained with pa- 
 triotic music and addresses and thus keeping alive in the lives and 
 
 -)16(-
 
 memory of our people, the great work accomplished by our fore- 
 fathers and their descendants. 
 
 You have heard recited, in the Declaration of Independence 
 today, the story of the wrong perpetrated upon the colonists, prior 
 to the promulgation of this Declaration. It was a long story of 
 wrong and oppression by the mother country until at last a suf- 
 fering people threw off the yoke of tyranny that had enslaved 
 them — these oppressions had been inflicted so long and so cruelly 
 that our Revolutionary forefathers could not stand them longer. 
 
 We have little idea in these modern days and under the hap- 
 piness and prosperity that we have been enjoying for so many 
 years — the sufferings and the privations borne by the colonists 
 prior to the time that they resolved that they would throw off their 
 allegience to the British government. 
 
 They had tried in every way, even supplicated the British 
 government to right her wrongs and to allow them representation 
 in the affairs of their colonies, the right of trial by jury of their 
 own people and not be transported to England to be tried on 
 trumped up charges. They were prevented from trading with 
 other governments and restricted in all, or nearly all their dealings 
 to carry on their affairs with Great Britian and that in the face of 
 high taxes and laws preventing them from organizing manufact- 
 uries and carrying on their own business. 
 
 It was to the immortal John Adams to voice the sentiment of 
 the signers of this Declaration when he uttered those words "that 
 will live as long as Liberty and free government will live." Old 
 Faneul Hall rang with his words as he so eloquently uttered them 
 — "Sink or swim, live or die, survive or perish, I give my hand and 
 my heart to this vote," and after the Declaration had been adopted 
 by the Continental Congress I think I can hear him again as he 
 says, "Go read it in the pulpit. Religion will approve it and the love 
 of religious Liberty cling around it. Go read it to the head of 
 the army. Every sword will be drawn from its scabbard to defend 
 it, or perish upon the bed of honor with it." 
 
 These are the kind and type of men that were at the head of 
 affairs of the government when this Declaration was approved 
 and for more than six long years from Lexington and Concord in 
 1775 to Yorktown in 1781 the bloody wars of the Revolution con- 
 tinued. 
 
 Follow them throughout all that bloody struggle, resolute, 
 calm, brave and uncomplaining, unwhipped in defeat and merci- 
 ful in victory — ragged, wounded, foot-sore, shrunken by disease 
 
 -)17(-
 
 and haggered by want, they, it seems to me, formed the very incar- 
 nate example, pictured by history of the true hero and patriot. 
 Thousands of them gave up their Hves, some died upon the field 
 of battle, some in prison pens and some in hospitals that this gov- 
 ernment might be created where the people could enjoy life, lib- 
 erty and happiness. 
 
 Let me recall to the minds of my hearers that the soil upon 
 which we stand, before it was ours, was successively the possession 
 of three mighty Empires, Spain, France and England, whose sons 
 made a deathless record of heroism in the early annals of the new 
 world. 
 
 No history of the western country can be written without 
 paying heed to the wonderful part played therein in the early 
 days by the soldiers, missionaries, explorers and traders, who did 
 iheir work for the honor of the proud banners of France, Spain 
 and England. 
 
 We have met here today to commemorate the 141st Annivers- 
 ary of the event which more than any other, after the foundation 
 of our government and its preservation, determine the character 
 of our national life, determine that we should be a great expand- 
 ing nation instead of relatively a small and stationary one. It was 
 not with the Louisiana Purchase that our career of expansion 
 began. In the middle of the Revolutionary War the Illinois region, 
 including the present States of Illinois and Indiana, were added to 
 our domain by a force of arms, as a sequel to the adventurous ex- 
 pedition of George Rogers Clark and his frontier riflemen. Later 
 the Treaties of J. M. Pickney materially extended our real bound- 
 aries to the west. But none of these events was so striking a character 
 as to fix the popular imagination. The old 13 colonies had al- 
 ways claimed that they stretched westward to the Mississippi River 
 and vague and unreal though these claims were until made good 
 by conquest, settlement and diplomacy, they still served to give 
 the impression that the earliest westward movements of our people 
 were little more than the filling in of already existing national 
 boundary. 
 
 But there could be no illusion about the acquisition of the 
 vast territory beyond the Mississippi, stretching westward to the 
 Pacific, which in that day was known as Louisiana. This im- 
 mense region was admittedly the territory of a foreign power of 
 a European Kingdom. 
 
 None of our people had ever laid claim to a foot of it. Its 
 acquisition could in no sense be treated as rounding out any ex- 
 
 cise-
 
 isting claims. When we acquired it we made evident once for all 
 that consciously and of said purpose we had embarked on a career 
 of expansion, that \ve had taken our place among those daring and 
 hardy nations who risk much with the hope and desire of winning 
 high position among the great powers of the earth. As is so often 
 the case in nature the law of development of a living organism 
 showed itself in its actual workings to be wiser than the wisdom of 
 the wisest. This work of expansion was by far the greatest work 
 of our people during the years that had intervened between the 
 adoption of the Constitution and the outbreak of the Civil War. 
 There were other questions of real moment and importance, and 
 there were many which at the time seemed such to those engaged 
 in answering them ; but the greatest feat of our forefathers was 
 the deed of the men who, with pack trains or wagon trains, on 
 horseback, on foot, or by boats, pushed the frontier ever west- 
 ward across the continent. 
 
 And now, Mr. Chairman, we find that we are confronted 
 with a great international war. 
 
 The German Kaiser with his Allies, Austria-Hungary and Bul- 
 garia, in 1914 undertook to not only dominate and control Europe, 
 but the entire civilized world. 
 
 It was the intention of the Kaiser to first overrun Belgium, 
 Holland and France and annex them to the German Empire and 
 then cross over the English Channel and make England pay tri- 
 bute, then to Russia, and after he had, like Alexander the Great, 
 and after the fashion of Napoleon and other great conquerors 
 and warriors, gained control and was able to dominate Europe, 
 Asia and Africa, he would then cross over to the Western Hemi- 
 sphere and do, as he did in Belgium and France, 'shoot up' the 
 Atlantic and Pacific coast states and make Wall Street and the 
 great merchants of New York, as well as the monied interests of 
 Boston and Washington on the Atlantic, Los Angeles, San Fran- 
 cisco, Portland and Seattle on the Pacific, pay their tribute ; then 
 he would cross the continent on our great international railroads 
 and lay tribute upon St. Louis, Chicago and all the other great 
 inland cities of the United States. 
 
 It was a wonderful vision. He saw this country without 
 armies and without preparation, and it looked to him a good deal 
 like "a Sunday School picnic" would to the average boy or girl. 
 It took our President and Members of Congress nearly three years 
 to understand the old Kaiser and the great game he was playing, 
 but they finally, after he had sunken hundreds of ships and thous- 
 
 -)19(-
 
 ands of American citizens, as well as destroyed million of dollar's 
 worth of American property, began to catch on to the great game 
 he was playing. 
 
 He had been forty years preparing and getting ready for the 
 march on Belgium and Paris ; he had the greatest and finest army 
 that was ever mustered, and his allies were all in fine condition 
 when this war begun, and only a pretext to use it was awaited. 
 When the Austrian Prince was assassinated this furnished the pre- 
 text, and the Kaiser, who was watching the game, immediately 
 caused Austria to declare war against Servia. As soon as war was 
 declared against Servia, Russia came to the relief of Servia ; then 
 the Kaiser declared war against Russia and Servia and followed 
 that up with declaring war against France and England, and in 
 less than three months from that time nearly all of Europe and 
 Asia were involved in this war that had been fully planned and 
 adroitly instigated by the German Kaiser and his allies. 
 
 I was down in the little patriotic, democratic republic of 
 Switzerland when the dogs of war were unleashed, and heard the 
 preliminary growlings and snarlings which were soon to break 
 into the terrific roar of conflict of nations locked in mortal com- 
 bat. 
 
 It was my good fortune to see the armies of Germany, France 
 and England, and to remain in London for some time after war 
 was declared and see the English army mobilized at Kensington 
 Park, London. I saw over 500,000 before I left for America gather 
 there from all parts of the empire and go to the front in Belgium 
 and France. 
 
 We, of this country, have little idea as to the magnitude of this 
 wonderful war of nations that involves nearly all Europe and Asia 
 and has finally involved the United States and is gradually involv- 
 ing the western hemisphere. 
 
 The world has never seen anything compared to it — over 
 40,000,000 of men in arms, either on land or sea ; and the great 
 question to settle is the one that has come up so often in histon/ 
 and that so often has embroiled the old world, whether or not one 
 nation should dominate and control the world and that one nation 
 controlled by one man. It is fearful to contemplate and especially 
 to the people of the United States, who have been wholly unpre- 
 pared to enter this great international war. But, thanks to the good 
 sense and the good judgment of our President, of Congress and of 
 the great metropolitan press, the people not being fully advised as 
 to the true conditions as they prevail, and from the Atlantic to 
 
 -)20(-
 
 the Pacific, in every city, village and hamlet, all over this broad 
 land, we see the people coming forward as they did in 1776, 181 2, 
 1847, 1 86 1 and again in 1898, ready to do, and if necessary, to 
 die, that the country may live and that no kaiser or potentate or 
 ruler of the old world, or of the new shall ever enthrall our people 
 and lay tribute and blackmail, but that we will rally to the stand- 
 ards of our allies — England, France, Italy, Russia and the other 
 nations of the world that are opposed to the autocratic rule of 
 the Old German Kaiser. 
 
 MR. CHAIRMAN : I have no quarrel with the German peo- 
 ple. I traveled nearly all over the German Empire and visited 
 their great cities and saw them in their peaceful pursuits, I saw 
 how proud and haughty the nobility and the military powers are 
 and how poor and oppressed and down-trodden are the poor 
 peasants who conduct the farm and look after the agricultural 
 interests of the country. In visiting the farms I saw more women 
 working in the fields, making hay, cutting and binding wheat and 
 barley, and doing all kinds of farm work, than men. Under their 
 military system the men were in the army in training. The men 
 are educated who are prepared for soldiers, but it is far different 
 with the peasant women, as no thought is taken of their education. 
 They have no common schools, such as we have in the United 
 States ; the peasants are not allowed to associate with the nobility, 
 and I only wish that the good women of my county could see how 
 the poor peasant women of Germany had to toil to sustain them- 
 selves and the government and assist in maintaining the great 
 military establishments of 12,000,000 of soldiers and understand 
 how the German soldiers have treated the people of Belgium and 
 France in those provinces that they have invaded ; how they have 
 burned, desolated and laid waste the country, killed and maimed 
 the men and ravished the women and their treatment of their van- 
 quished foes, worse than that of the savages and barbarians — 
 they would understand what German militarism and autocracy 
 means and would understand why the common people of Germany 
 in the past have left that country by the hundreds of thousands 
 and come to our own beloved country, where they could have all 
 the inalienable rights — life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness 
 of our people and enjoy our free institutions ; and they would 
 further understand why the people that emigrated from Germany 
 and their descendants are as ready to take up arms against German 
 militarism and autocracy as are the members of other nationalities 
 
 -)21(-
 
 that have come to our shores in order that they might enjoy the 
 blessings of our free institutions. 
 
 MR. CHAIRMAN : We have always welcomed to our shores 
 the down-trodden and oppressed citizens of other countries, who 
 have come here in good faith, believing in our institutions and de- 
 siring to live under our laws, and in doing so we have gained the 
 best people from the old world — they have been coming by the 
 hundreds of thousands every year since the signing of the Declara- 
 tion of Independence of 1776, and we find that under our com- 
 mon schools, our churches and free institutions generally that the 
 succeeding generation has not only become our great farmers and 
 laborers in the manufacturing, mining, and other industries, but 
 fill the offices, the halls of legislation as well, and wc are proud of 
 our German people that have come to our shores to make their 
 homes with us and to help build up our great institutions, and 
 have always been ready in war or peace to do their part, and we 
 say to them today that we welcome them the same as the people 
 from all other countries, as here in the United States wc know 
 no North, no South, no East and no West ; we worship no range 
 of hills, no mountain slopes, nor cling to any river banks, but lift 
 an aspiring eye to a continent redeemed from barbarism and made 
 sacred by the shedding of kindred blood. 
 
 MR. CHAIRMAN : This is also Red Cross day, and no one 
 knows the meaning of this so well as do the soldiers in the trenches, 
 in the camp, on the field of battle, in the hospitals and on warships, 
 wherever they may be, for the good women of the Red Cross fol- 
 low them and assist them, bind up their wounds and administer 
 to their comforts, and many a poor soldier or sailor owes his life to 
 the good work of the Red Cross, 
 
 While this is peculiarly a woman's organization, I am glad to 
 see the men assisting them by giving liberally of their means, as 
 well as helping them in every way possible, for, in my judgment, 
 it will be but a short time until we will have soldiers by the hun- 
 dreds of thousands along the battle lines in Europe, and our war 
 vessels with the American flag unfurled will be in the war zone 
 taking part with those of England, France, Russia and Italy. We 
 know the good work that is now being accomplished by the good 
 women of England, France, Italy and Russia, and we do not want 
 to be behind. We want to show to the people of the old world 
 that we are as thoughtful of the welfare and happiness of oni 
 soldiers and sailors as are they. 
 
 MR. CHAIRMAN : I want to utter a word of praise in be- 
 
 -)22(-
 
 half of our young men who have gone to the training camps as 
 well as those who have signified their willingness to respond to the 
 call of the President of the United States for soldiers for the Euro- 
 pean War. 
 
 They show that the spirit of patriotism Is burning upon the 
 altars of our republic ! That the ideals which inspired and enthused 
 our forefathers in the Wars of the Revolution and 1812, and of 
 our fathers in 1847, and 1861 to 1865, and of our brothers in 1898, 
 are still burning in the hearts of the youths of our country, and 
 that they are as ready to fight and die for the flag and our beloved 
 institutions as were their sires of old, if necessary. 
 
 They have shown, and are showing, that they are loyal sons 
 of patriotic sires, and that they are ready to answer the call as did 
 their sires of old, and again carry the flag, if necessary, to the 
 trenches of Europe and fight until autocracy and military rule are 
 forever crushed. 
 
 They carry with them a flag that has floated on a thousand 
 triumphant battlefields, and in every one of the batdes in which 
 the flag has been borne it has been in the cause of justice and 
 right, and we feel that with it in their keeping it will be kept pure 
 and holy in the cause of liberty and constitutional government, 
 and that when they bring it back they will, as did their sires of old, 
 bring it in victory and honor. 
 
 IN CONCLUSION, Mr. Chairman, allow me to say that I 
 believe that this great international war will be the ending of mili- 
 tarism and autocracy, for when I saw along the Rhine and in 
 other parts of Europe the great castles that were built over 500 
 years ago, when the robber barons lived and oppressed the people, 
 and then follow history on down 100 years ago, when Napoleon, 
 with his mighty army, shot these castles to pieces and destroyed 
 their power and drove their occupants to build up great military 
 establishments and autocratic rule — I now think it is high time 
 to 'shoot up' and destroy the military establishments and autocratic 
 rule of Germany and do away with large standing armies and 
 give the people of Europe a constitutional government. 
 
 MR. CHAIRMAN : I stood upon the fields of Runnymede, 
 where, over 700 years ago, the English nobles, backed by an Eng- 
 lish army, wrung from King John, the autocratic king of England, 
 the great Magna Charta — the great charter of English liberty — 
 that forever did away with the old doctrine of the 'divine right 
 of kings,' that the 'king could do no wrong,' and secured to every 
 
 -)23(-
 
 citizen of England the right to a writ of habeas corpus and a 
 trial of jury and made England a constitutional government. 
 
 MR. CHAIRMAN : When this great European war is ended 
 there will be another Magna Charta written by the nations of the 
 old and new world that shall forever do away with autocratic 
 government — the divine right of kings and that the king can do 
 no wrong — the world over; that will forever do away with czar- 
 ism, kaiserism and autocratic rule, and instead thereof will give 
 every nation a constitutional government, guaranteeing to every 
 citizen life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, and this is a 
 part of the work delegated to the United States in this great war. 
 
 When this is accomplished, the great standing armies and 
 the great battleships can be done away with and the nations of 
 the worLd in arbitrating their controversies in the future will re- 
 sort to this new 'Magna Charta' of international law settling their 
 difficulties, and then the Prince of Peace will indeed rule supreme ; 
 then the good work of the fathers of the Revolution will have 
 accomplished all that the most sanguine of that noble band of 
 patriots, and heroes contemplated ; then will life, liberty and the 
 pursuit of happiness be guaranteed to the people of all nations 
 and to all people the world over. 
 
 ■)24(.
 
 ALFRED HANBY JONES — 1906
 
 ADDRESS DELIVERED AT THE EIGHTH AN- 
 NUAL CONVENTION AND INTERNATIONAL 
 PURE FOOD CONGRESS OF THE NATIONAL 
 ASSOCIATION OF STATE DAIRY AND FOOD 
 DEPARTMENTS 
 
 September 26th to Odoher 1, 1904, Inclusive at St. Louis, 
 Missouri 
 
 Mr. President, Hon. David R. Francis, President of the Ex- 
 position, and gentlemen of the convention : You all know that 
 our Chairman wields some large and handsome bouquets, and 
 I see I am the recipient of one of them. I take pleasure in being 
 here with you today at this, our eighth annual meeting. I as- 
 sure you it is a great pleasure to be here and to see how this or- 
 ganization has grown in the five years that I have been connected 
 with it. 
 
 On behalf of the International Food Congress and the Na- 
 tional Association of State Dairy and Food Departments we re- 
 turn our hearty and sincere thanks to you for the generous wel- 
 come extended, as well as the kind words spoken ; also for the 
 words of cheer, as well as sympathy for our cause. 
 
 We assure you that we are happy to come to this great 
 Louisiana Purchase Exposition, held in commemoration of the 
 acquisition of an empire. 
 
 A person must be exalted at such a moment as this, the in- 
 auguration of the greatest educational force, that has ever made 
 its impress on humanity; the dedication of the world's wisdom in 
 this the morning of the twentieth century to the countless ages. 
 
 It is fit and proper that the International Pure Food Con- 
 gress and the eighth annual convention of the National Associa- 
 tion of State Dairy and Food Departments should be held here, 
 where the exhibits of every country and every people, classified 
 as they are in a manner unequaled for clear and competitive com- 
 
 -)25(-
 
 parison, and by a system, and in an order that records the develop- 
 ments of man and his accomplishments, as v/ell as bear testimony 
 to the advancement of civilization, and show that their arrange- 
 ment is the result of thoughtful experience, and is for the edifica- 
 tion of all who desire to learn. 
 
 We assure you that we are very glad to come to this great 
 exposition to hold our annual meeting and it is accordingly today 
 my pleasant duty to thank the officers and managers for the wide 
 hospitality offered by them to the representatives of "Pure Food" 
 of all the nations of the civilized world. 
 
 I am quite sure that I interpret the sentiment not only of my 
 co-workers, the Commissioners of the various states of the Union 
 and their assistants, and the manufacturers, jobbers and distribut- 
 ors of the various food products, and all who are interested in 
 "Pure Food" work, but also the representatives of all the foreign 
 governments represented here. 
 
 The rare good fortune of this country is that it has always 
 been able to find, on all occasions, men fitted for the tasks which 
 they have been called upon to perform. 
 
 The American nation, always progressive and so full of noble 
 initiative, has always known how to discover the men whom the 
 need of the hour demands. 
 
 It is, therefore, with pleasure that I accept the grateful task, 
 the pleasure and value of which I most fully appreciate, to pub- 
 licly pay mv tribute on behalf of our Food Congress and of all 
 food interests, to these men whose names are upon all lips, to Hon. 
 David R. Francis, President of this great exposition ; and as has 
 been so well said, "In no country, under no government, by no 
 people on earth could this marvelous result have been achieved 
 save by the American people under the freedom of their institu- 
 tions, the inspirations of liberty, and the influence of Christian 
 civilization." 
 
 When the mind runs back over the past one hundred years 
 and pictures out, as it were, a mere trading post here — here no city 
 of St. Louis, here then the country all around a wilderness. Now 
 St. Louis has a population of seven hundred thousand, the fourth 
 city in rank and the commercial center of the United States. 
 
 Then when we consider that this Louisiana Purchase em- 
 braced a territory of more than a million square miles in area, 
 extending from the British possessions on the north to the Gulf 
 of Mexico on the south, and from the banks of the Mississippi on 
 the east to the snow clad crests of the Rocky Mountains on the 
 
 ■)26(-
 
 west, with a population then of a hundred thousand and now of 
 fifteen millions, and great as had been this increase in population 
 still greater has been its growth in resources and productions. 
 When we consider all this we can more fully appreciate what this 
 exposition means. 
 
 Here then, under autumnal skies, in the midst of this wonder- 
 ful exposition, surrounded by a delightful, historic and literar/ 
 atmosphere, in the presence of the great, noble and generous spirits 
 of this charming city, and as members of this great International 
 Food Congress we comie to talk over and plan for the welfare of 
 our fellowmen. 
 
 You will see from our program that the Food Congress is, 
 as the cause it represents, universal. It speaks for every nation, 
 and every tongue upon the face of the globe, for from the "cradle 
 to the grave" every human being is more interested in the cause 
 of "Pure Food" than any other. 
 
 We believe that this International Food Congress, and the 
 cause it represents, is engaging the thought and the attention of 
 the people of the civilized world as never before. 
 
 There are imitations, frauds and adulterations everywhere. 
 Food articles are mixed up with substances that affect purity and 
 lower their quality and strength ; inferior substances are substi- 
 tuted for the genuine article ; valuable ingredients are extracted 
 from the real products ; true articles are imitated and sold under 
 another name ; and ingredients are added which are poisonous or 
 injurious to health. 
 
 The press is today preaching the gospel of "Pure Food", state 
 and national and international surveillance of food products. 
 
 We are trying to impress upon the people that what a man, 
 a community, a nation can do, think, suffer, imagine, or achieve, 
 depends on what it eats ; that the direct agency upon which all 
 these conditions depend, and through which these forces operate, 
 is food ; that we can give the philosopher a handful of soil, the 
 mean annual temperature and rainfall and his analysis would 
 enable him to predict with absolute certainty not only the char- 
 acteristics of the inhabitants of the country but the quality of its 
 products. 
 
 We champion the doctrine that "Pure Food" and "Pure 
 Drink" are not only moral obligations, resting on all governments, 
 but a legal obligation that should be vigorously enforced, not only 
 by statutory laws, but by their rigid enforcement. 
 
 We come here for the free discussion of these laws and the 
 
 -)27(-
 
 methods of enforcing them, as well as a unification of all laws per- 
 taining to foods and drink. 
 
 We are seeking an interchange of thought in regard not only 
 to the laws of the different states in the Union and memorializing 
 the Congress of the United States to place on the statute books of 
 the nation a "National Pure Food Law", with full power to make 
 rulings and labels, as well as authority to enforce same, but we are 
 also desirous of having an international treaty or law by which 
 all food products for international commerce will be required to 
 be not only properly labeled, stamped, or branded, so as to show 
 just what the article of food is, along with the true name and ad- 
 dress of the manufacturer or packer, but to secure uniformity of 
 laws, rulings and labels among the different nations of the world. 
 
 If we look back along the history of the past hundred years, 
 it is very easy to see a striking tendency toward unification in the 
 history of the nations of the earth. They have come together even 
 physically. 
 
 The oceans that once separated them, so far as trade and 
 conimerce are concerned, separate them no longer — steam has 
 abridged them. The oceans that once forbade under communi- 
 cation forbid it no longer. The cable runs under the ocean and 
 we stand in St. Louis and talk to the people of the civilized world. 
 
 Thus physically, the globe has grown smaller. Jules Verne's 
 famous romance, so wildly fantastic only a few years ago, "Around 
 the World in Eighty Days", has become a commonplace of travel. 
 
 Along with this physical conjunction of separated nations 
 has gone the breaking down of commercial barriers, and the open- 
 ing of commercial highways. On this continent we have forty-six 
 independent states, not separated by a single custom house or 
 barrier of any kind. Gradually these states, like the nations of the 
 world, are coming to an interchange of their products one with 
 the other, community with community, with the same freedom 
 that cities interchange with cities and families with families. The 
 state and national unification has been even more remarkable. 
 
 This unification — commercial, national and political — has 
 been accompanied by a growth of unity in the manufacture 
 and properly labeling as well as standards for food products. 
 
 Mr. President : The time is not far distant, in the past when 
 every nation had its own system of manufacturing food products. 
 There was no unity of action, between the nations nor unification 
 of the laws pertaining to food products. 
 
 All these forces — material, commercial, industrial, and na- 
 
 -)28(-
 
 tional — find their natural and proper exponent in such gather- 
 ings as this great International Food Congress and similar gath- 
 erings. 
 
 These are signs and symbols of the truth that we are growing 
 together, that the world is getting itself organized. 
 
 What are we to do to promote this international brotherhood? 
 First, we are to set forth clearly and distinctly our views ; we are 
 to formulate laws, rulings and standards, and present them to the 
 congress of nations. 
 
 It is with pleasure I state that in his annual report Secretary 
 Wilson of the Department of Agriculture has strongly urged Con- 
 gress to pass a comprehensive "Pure Food Law" and that the 
 chemistry forces, under the able management and leadership of 
 our highly esteemed Dr. Wiley of that department, have worked 
 in co-operation with our "Pure Food Congress", the National As- 
 sociation of State Dairy and Food Departments, and other similar 
 organizations. 
 
 It is to be greatly regretted that Congress failed to pass a 
 "Pure Food Lav/' at the last session. 
 
 We must have a comprehensive, practical, and effective law 
 to prevent the sale or manufacture of impure or adulterated food 
 products. 
 
 The Members of this "Food Congress" and of the National 
 Association of Dairy and Food Departments fully understand that 
 "Pure Food Legislation" could not be secured until a public senti- 
 ment was created in its favor. 
 
 Accordingly, annual meetings have been held, resolutions 
 adopted, letters written to members of Congress, committees have 
 waited upon committees of the House and Senate, and articles 
 published in the press of the country, and streams of information 
 formed to pour into the ocean of public sentiment that swells 
 and rolls and revolves around our political globe, carrying convic- 
 tion, congresses, and governments on its resistless bosom. 
 
 Because that work has been done so perfectly a national 
 Pure Food Law is now on the calendar of the Senate of the 
 United States, and this proposed national law, having passed the 
 House, is now in charge of Hon. W. B. Heyburn, United States 
 Senator from the State of Idaho and Chairman of the Committee 
 on Manufactures to which this proposed national food law has 
 been assigned ; and it is our firm belief that under his able man- 
 agement the United States Senate will see the necessity of con- 
 
 ■)29(-
 
 curring with the House of Representatives and enacting it into a 
 law. 
 
 The bill as now pending in the Senate, while not perfect, is 
 a good working measure. The Committee on Manufactures, to 
 which it was referred, gave the measure great consideration and 
 made many amendments, one of which embraces within its pro- 
 visions — drugs. 
 
 I regard this as a very unfortunate and unwise addition to the 
 bill, as it will naturally array all dealers in proprietary medicines 
 and adulterated drugs against it. The question of drug regula- 
 tion should be put in a department to itself, under a "National 
 Pharmacy Law", and not injected into this bill and thus defeat 
 "Pure Food Legislation". 
 
 Along this line a novel exhibit of food adulterations as well 
 as a "Pure Food Exhibit" has been installed in the Department of 
 Agriculture. Here is shown not only "Pure Food" in its most 
 wholesome form but also in its most unwholesome and fraudulent 
 form. 
 
 The display, which includes exhibits from the various state 
 food departments, shows the form and manner of these food adult- 
 erations and fraudulent deceits, togther with samples of same, 
 along with the various tests that have been made. This exhibit 
 also shows the comparative nutritive value of foods. 
 
 I take pleasure in calling attention to this novel exhibition, 
 as it is educational and along the lines laid out by the Louisiana 
 Purchase Exposition to enlighten the people as to "what to eat", 
 and that this great exposition will put the seal of condemnation 
 upon any food product that has been condemned by the State 
 Food Coinmission or by the United States Department of Agri- 
 culture. 
 
 In conclusion, gentlemen, please allow me to again return 
 the thanks of the members of this "Food Congress" to you for your 
 generous welcome. 
 
 The Fair is immense and wonderful — no description in words 
 can give an adequate idea of the vastness of the exhibit that is 
 to be seen at Forest Park. 
 
 The character of the ground has been artistically taken ad- 
 vantage of, in alloting the spaces for buildings and outdoor dis- 
 play, with the result that the eye does not tire of the view from 
 any quarter, but finds new delight in each unfolding scene. 
 
 The wonderous buildings in Forest Park rose like the city of 
 a dream. He who entered these seemingly enchanted grounds 
 
 -)30(-
 
 and saw the morning sunlight gleam upon the stately colunins 
 and the marble walls of the magic city might well recall — and I 
 say it reverently — the apocalyptic vision "and I, John, saw the 
 holy city, the new Jerusalem, coming down from God, out of 
 heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband". 
 
 This great exposition is the "World's Fair" — fair because no 
 no other nation turns so sweet a face to kiss the morning sun : the 
 "World's Fair" because, there is the gathering of all tribes and 
 peoples and nations of the earth, and everything good or bad in 
 the world's history finds within our borders and in our life its 
 equivalent or counterpart. 
 
 -)3l(-
 
 ADDRESS DELIVERED BEFORE THE NATION- 
 AL WHOLESALE GROCERS 
 ASSOCIATION 
 
 Auditorium Hotel, Chicago, June 26, 27 and 28, 1907 
 
 Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the National Grocers' Associa- 
 tion in Convention Assembled : 
 
 I want to thank you for the honor you have conferred upon 
 me in calling upon me to address you. 
 
 This is, I assure you, a pleasure that I had not thought of 
 until a moment ago. These matters come up in the ordinary 
 course of every business man's life, and looking over assemblages 
 of men, like I see to-day, it is a great inspiration to us, to know 
 that we have, over this broad land of ours, men who can pass 
 resolutions to lift up the standard of "pure food" — as it is being 
 done by your association. 
 
 When I had the pleasure and honor of being appointed state 
 food commissioner eight years ago we did not have this co-opera- 
 tion all over the country'. 
 
 To-day, we see, through your organization and similar organ- 
 izations, the tendency to co-operate towards uniformity of action, 
 and that is doing more for the cause than all else that could be 
 done. 
 
 I want to congratulate you upon your splendid resolutions 
 that you passed this morning. I would liked very much to have 
 been here yesterday, but I was kept away on account of other busi- 
 ness, and I am very much pleased to be here this morning and meet 
 with you and hear your resolutions read. I will say to you, gentle- 
 men, that if I had the pleasure of drafting these resolutions I do 
 not see how I could have improved upon them. 
 
 This work of co-operation that is going on, this work of hold- 
 ing up the standard, is what is doing so much good all over this 
 country to-day. 
 
 -)32(-
 
 The State Pure Food Department, of which I have the honor 
 to be commissioner, was organized about eight years ago. One of 
 the first objects of that organization was to get the authorities of 
 the different states in the Union together into one association so 
 that they might co-operate ; so that they might act together in- 
 telligently. We found that thirty-three states of the Union had a 
 pure food law, that no two of them alike. There was no co-op- 
 eration. Shortly, we got the commissioners of the different states 
 together, and organized the National Association of State Food 
 Commissioners and food officials and arranged for co-operation 
 and uniformity of action, and to-day, if you will read the state 
 food laws and the ruling made thereon in regard to uniformity of 
 labels and standards you will find that the rulings on these laws, 
 made by the commissioners, are substantially the same in all the 
 states. 
 
 What we are trying to do, my friends, at these national meet- 
 ings is the same as you are trying to do — to secure uniformity and 
 harmony of action among you dealers, and I presume that what 
 you want to know is, what these food commissioners are trying to 
 do to uphold you and your cause and the cause of "pure food." 
 
 ^Vhat we did first was to secure a national food law, the best 
 law we could secure. We did it through your help. In fact, you 
 took the lead, we might say, in the securing of this national food 
 law. 
 
 Our new state food law is patterned after the national food 
 law, and so far as I know — and I think I speak intelligently — our 
 manufacturers and dealers are all for the law to-day, and want 
 to see it enforced. They want to see state statutes passed that 
 are along the lines of the national law, that are uniform with it. 
 
 Our last legislature passed a law that embodied all the best 
 features of the national law, so that to-day Illinois has a state 
 food law that is modeled after the national law, and we are trying 
 to enforce it. Indiana and the other states are falling in line, and 
 it will be but a short time until every state in the Union will have 
 a state food law modeled along the lines of the national food law. 
 When that can be done you will not be hampered, as you have been 
 in the past, by having to keep a set of labels for every state in the 
 Union, but then one set of labes, standards and rulings will do for 
 every state in the Union. 
 
 The use of food products is the same, and they act upon the 
 human family substantially the same in California as in Maine. 
 
 ■)33(-
 
 There is no reason why all these rulings might not be substantially 
 the same. 
 
 We have in the state food law many provisions that have never 
 before been enacted into any law, and I think as far as the whole- 
 sale as well as the retail grocers of the state are concerned, it will 
 be more pleasant doing business in Illinois in the future than it 
 has been in the past. 
 
 Heretofore, in Illinois, when a dealer had his goods, not pre- 
 pared and labeled in conformity with the law, or goods coming 
 over the border lines of the state, or from a manufacturer within 
 the state, and it was found upon analysis that the product was not 
 in conformity with our law, all we could do was to bring a prose- 
 cution against the retail dealer in whose possession we found the 
 goods. 
 
 To-day, under our new law, we will send him a notice that 
 there will be a hearing, and he will be invited to appear, and if 
 he has a reasonable excuse, and can produce a "guaranty" from 
 the wholesale dealer as provided by law, or if he has a reasonable 
 defense why he has these goods for sale, he will not be prosecuted 
 for it. 
 
 I want to say to you, my fellow citizens, that during the past 
 eight years we have not prosecuted anyone intentionally without 
 cause, but in perhaps 25 per cent of the cases, which were prose- 
 cuted, there would not have been a prosecution if we had had a 
 statute of this kind on the books of the state, where the accused 
 could have had a hearing. 
 
 The highest type of men we have in our country are the 
 wholesale and retail grocers. When we think of it, and look up 
 and down this state and see its 16,000 retail grocers, and the dif- 
 ferent places where their goods are sold, look over them, and you 
 will find they are a class of people equal to the members of the 
 legislature, congressmen, or those in any of the professional walks 
 of life. They are the kind of men that are in a business where 
 they try to do the "square thing." 
 
 The law, in the past, has not been in their favor or in favor 
 of fair dealing in many respects. It is now, and I think it will be 
 more so in the future, that a wholesale and retail grocer can have 
 a fair show under this new law. He will, in the State of Illinois, 
 as long as I am commissioner, for if he can give a reason why he 
 has these goods, why he purchased them honestly and sold them 
 honestly and in good faith, although the goods may not come up 
 
 -)34(-
 
 to the standard fixed by the law, he will never be prosecuted under 
 it. 
 
 The "Guaranty Clause" is another provision that is novel, and 
 I think will do a great deal of good in the interest of "pure food" 
 as well as fair dealing. It is here the retail grocer will have a 
 chance now for the first time to obtain his "guaranty" as provided 
 by law. 
 
 The law goes into effect July ist next and if the retailer gets 
 his goods in good faith he will be protected, and he should be, if 
 he gets them in good faith, and we will go after the manufacturer 
 or packer of the goods. That will be the effect in the future. 
 
 We have studied this new food law as revised by the last Gen- 
 eral Assembly. We prepared the original law. The state food 
 law is a good law, and the national food law is a good law, and 
 if it is enforced, as it will be, and if it has the backing of your 
 association, as I am assured by your resolutions, it will have, and 
 similar food organizations, there is no doubt that this law will 
 prove a success, and in the future you will see the cause of "pure 
 food" prosper, as it has never prospered before in this country. 
 
 There is no reason why, in this United States of America, 
 we should not have the best food of any country on the face of 
 the earth. We have the virgin soil, and ever^^thing tends to pro- 
 duce the best of foods. There is no reason why we cannot go into 
 the markets of the world, and meet the competition of the old 
 world, and o\'ercome it, when we take all the circumstances into 
 consideration. Take the people in the business, the manufacturers' 
 and packers of food ; go to the broad prairies of Illinois and see 
 what we are doing in Illinois. The other states are doing the same. 
 The first thing I know I will be making a speech. You don't 
 know and you have no idea of the good work you are doing. 
 
 Now when we first met — the state food officials in our na- 
 tional association — only a few of the state food officials of the 
 state food departments met together. It was hard to secure a full 
 attendance ; we were discouraged. We went out to Washington 
 and saw Dr. H. W. Wiley, chief chemist of the United States De- 
 partment of Agriculture, and conferred with him in regard to a 
 national food law. 
 
 I want to give you a few of our troubles as food commission- 
 ers. When I was appointed, a good many thought it was nothing 
 but a political job, and these inspectors were political inspectors. 
 I will appeal to the grocers of Illinois, if there has ever been any 
 politics in the State Food Commission. We have tried to manage 
 
 -)35(-
 
 it honestly and squarely, and as long as I am commissioner it will 
 be managed that way, for the best interests of the food industries 
 of Illinois. 
 
 As I was about to say, after I was first appointed, we had 
 these national meetings. We only had a few commissioners. It 
 looked discouraging, but finally at St. Louis we got them all to- 
 gether. We have had a good many difficulties. 
 
 Now, I am getting a little in earnest about this. We are go- 
 ing to raise the standard of "pure food." The cause is marching 
 on. I remember eight years ago we could hardly get a "food 
 journal" or "daily paper" to say anything about one of these 
 meetings. 
 
 To-day, let the national association, or the state association, 
 or a dairy association, or the "pure food organization" come to- 
 gether and the press will take hold of it. It is interested. Why? 
 Because every man, woman and child is interested. They all 
 have to have "food" three times a day. People begin to see that 
 if you are going to have a healthy race, one that will compete 
 with the people of the old world, that will come up to their stan- 
 dard, they must have a healthy ration. That is all we are ask- 
 ing, and that is what we are trying to do. We are getting along 
 nicely. 
 
 Now, if anyone is discouraged, I ask you not to be, for I can 
 see in the past eight years how this cause has grown. I can see 
 that the manufacturers are trying to make their goods better. 
 I can see the retail dealer looking around for the best brands of 
 goods to sell. Let us go on with the good work. I want to do 
 all I can to help your association along the right line. You want 
 to help the "pure food commissioner" along. If he does not do 
 the right thing it is a misjudgment of the head and not of the 
 heart. 
 
 Now, I want to thank you again for this opportunity of say- 
 ing a word in favor of the cause of "pure food" in Illinois and 
 what the commissioner is doing. In a short time we will have our 
 rulings made so you will be better able to understand it and be 
 better enlightened after the law goes into effect on the first day of 
 July next. I thank you. 
 
 -)36(-
 
 ADDRESS DELIVERED BEFORE THE ILLINOIS 
 MAYORS ASSOCIATION AT ELGIN 
 
 November, 1909 
 
 Mr. Toastmaster and Members of the Mayors' Organization 
 or Association of Illinois, Ladies and Gentlemen : I assure you 
 that I am highly pleased to have enjoyed this splendid feast to- 
 night. I want to thank you, and through you the officers of this 
 association for the invitation to be present here with you and en- 
 joy this lovely banquet and address you upon this occasion. 
 
 In my judgment you could not have found a more fit and 
 appropriate place for holding the annual meeting of the mayors 
 of Illinois, and discussing the municipal affairs pertaining to the 
 government of your respective cities than in this lovely city of 
 Elgin, for Elgin is an ideal American city. Here is where the pure 
 food movement had its origin ; her fame has gone abroad ; she is 
 noted for the enterprise of her people, her lovely women and her 
 location on the map of the State, and the nation, gives her an ad- 
 \'antage that few inland cities possess. Located in the center of 
 one of the richest agricultural and dairy districts of the United 
 States, as well as in the center of population and wealth of Illinois 
 and of the United States, all you have to do, my friends, is to take 
 down a map of the United States and go to the geopraphical center 
 and there located in one of the most favored portions of our be- 
 /loved country^ you will find Elgin ; she is only in the infancy of 
 her prosperity ; her people understand this ; they are alert to the 
 situation. Her public schools are the best, her industries of all 
 kinds are conducted on the most modern principles. Here is where 
 we get the Elgin watch and her milk and honey and all go to 
 make life worth living, far better than that of the land of Can- 
 aan, of Palestine or of the "Holy Land." 
 
 When the Governor of this great commonwealth, and your 
 humble servant as State Food Commissioner were in need of an 
 expert dairyman for Illinois, for Assistant Commissioner, to look 
 
 ■)37(-
 
 after, maintain and preserve her great dairy and food industries, 
 we went to Elgin and selected a former member of your organi- 
 zation, the Honorable John B. Newman, for the position, and I 
 am pleased to say that in my judgment we made no mistake in 
 the selection, for the way he has taken hold of the work of re- 
 organization of the dairy interests of the State, and looking after 
 the dairy and foods interests, is pleasing, not only to the Governor 
 and to the State Food Department, but to all our six millions of 
 people in Illinois as well. Mr. Newman comes from a long line 
 of dairymen ; for generations his people have been identified with 
 these interests. 
 
 Mr. Toastmaster, I am glad to see the Mayors of Illinois 
 organizing and holding their meetings to discuss the great munici- 
 pal affairs pertaining to the government of our cities, for under 
 the common law of England which has been handed down to us 
 by our forefathers as the system upon which our municipal and 
 political affairs are based, the position of Mayor is all important ; 
 in England, they call them "Lord Mayors." In every other coun- 
 •try they are looked up to and regarded with great veneration and 
 esteem, and I am pleased to see that here in the United States, and 
 especially in the State of Illinois, the Mayors of our cities begin to 
 xmderstand the high and exalted position they hold and the power 
 they possess, and the wonderful things they can do if they will 
 only carry out the powers and duties the people have conferred 
 upon them and with which they are clothed. 
 
 The Mayors are the guardians of the public health, the public 
 virtue, the business industries, the sanitary condition of these cities 
 and all that go to make up the true greatness and well being of 
 the cities they represent. They are clothed with almost absolute 
 power for the weal or woe of the people over whom they preside. 
 
 The Illinois State Food Department, of which I have the 
 honor of being Commissioner, as soon as it was organized at once 
 began to get into communication with the Mayors of Illinois in 
 order that the Illinois State Food Laws might be enforced in the 
 different cities of the state. 
 
 Mr. Toastmaster, the Mayor Ex-officio is at the head of the 
 City Board of Health, No unsanitary place can long live, or un- 
 sanitary business be conducted ; no slaughterhouse that is vile and 
 f if thy, or in an unsanitary condition (as many of them now are) 
 can exist within two miles of the city if the Mayor of that city is 
 alert and up-to-date, and understands the power invested in him 
 
 -)38(-
 
 by the law, for he can declare any or either of the aforesaid places 
 a nuisance and have them abated at once. 
 
 Mr. Toastmaster, it is up to the Mayors of the different cities 
 of the State of Illinois, as well as the State Food Department, to 
 see that these foods are kept pure and unadulterated and so pre- 
 pared and labeled that the consumer may know just what he is 
 purchasing. This is the essence of the Pure Food Law ; it is what 
 the State Food Department is trying to teach and what the people 
 of Illinois want. For ten years the State Food Department has 
 been contending that the people's food should be kept pure and 
 wholesome and that our people should have a wholesome food 
 ration. 
 
 Governor Deneen in his first message to the legislature rec- 
 ommended a revision of all our State Food Laws and the Legis- 
 lature of Illinois gave us a splendid food law, the best of any state 
 in the union. In 1906 Congress gave the people a splendid Na- 
 tional Food Law and in harmony therewith, and already rulings 
 and standards have been made under these laws. National and 
 State, for nearly all the various food products manufactured in 
 the United States. A system of labels has been agreed upon be- 
 tween the State and National food officials for all these various 
 foods, so that the manufacturers and packers of food everywhere 
 in the United States know just what the law requires and just how 
 these various foods should be prepared and labeled. 
 
 Mr. Toastmaster, it is now up to the Mayors of the different 
 cities and the State Food Department, to see that these laws are 
 carried out and complied with in Illinois, and that the people of 
 our state secure the pure foods of all kinds as provided by our Na- 
 tional and State Food Laws. 
 
 Immediately after the National Food Law was passed by 
 Congress, I went to Washington and took up the question of co- 
 operation in the national food work and enforcing the National 
 and State Laws with Dr. Wiley, Chief of the Bureau of Chemistry, 
 who has charge of the enforcement of the National Food Law, 
 and with Secretary Wilson of the Department of Agriculture in 
 whose department the enforcement of the National Food Law 
 was placed, and made the necessary arrangements with them for 
 mutual co-operation between the National and State Food au- 
 thorities in all matters pertaining to interstate commerce in foods 
 that might arise in Illinois. 
 
 More attention is being given to these matters than ever be- 
 fore, as now since the enactment of the National Food Law, un- 
 
 -)39(-
 
 der these laws, State and National, rulings have been made for 
 nearly every food product, and a committee of State and National 
 Food Commissioners and Chemists have been appointed to form- 
 ulate these rulings, so that the food officials of the various states, 
 as well as the national government, may adopt and follow same. 
 Already this Committee has made rulings and reported same and 
 the rulings have been adopted for the various food products and 
 the work of enforcing the food law in Illinois will in the future 
 be comparatively easy, as now we can reach the manufacturers 
 and vendors of these adulterated and misbranded foods outside 
 of the state and coming aci^oss the border line of the state. 
 
 Heretofore, as stated, there was no way of reaching these 
 adulterators and false labelers of foods doing business outside of 
 the state and whose foods came across the border line of the state. 
 
 Now that we will have standards for the various articles of 
 food, and every food product properly labeled, the discovery of 
 fraud in foods and the evidence of the same will be narrowed 
 down until it will simply mean a question of analysis by the chem- 
 ist, and a comparison of the sample with the label and standard 
 as fixed. 
 
 Hereafter, under this co-operation between State and Nation- 
 al food officials, manufacturers, dealers and food officials, under 
 the provisions of our New National and State Food Laws, and 
 the rulings and standards made thereunder, will be equally and 
 fully informed as to the precise requirements in the composition 
 of all articles of food, the proper labeling of same, and much un- 
 necessary and costly litigation will thereby be avoided. 
 
 We champion the doctrine that pure food and pure drink 
 are not only moral obligations resting on all governments, but a 
 legal obligation that should be vigorously enforced, not only by 
 statutory laws but by their rigid enforcement. 
 
 The objects of our State Food Laws are three-fold : first, to 
 protect the ignorant consumer from injury and fraud ; second, to 
 foster and protect the industries of our State ; third, to put com- 
 peting manufacturers, packers and jobbers on an equal footing. 
 In order to fulfill these objects, laws and their rigid enforcement 
 are necessary. 
 
 Food is, next to air, the greatest necessity of life, and the study 
 of the various kinds of foods adapted to human existence, their 
 relations to the need of the human body, their influence on the 
 health of the individual, their quality, their purity or freedom from 
 matters foreign and injurious to health, is one of the essential 
 
 -)40(.
 
 studies in connection with Pure Food Laws and their enforcement. 
 
 The adulteration and falsification of alimentary products is 
 by no means an invention of modern times ; it has always been 
 practiced as the citation of ancient recorded cases prove. We 
 learn from these that in past ages adulteration of food and drink 
 was punished not only by fine and imprisonment, but with more 
 humiliating penalties, and to expiate their infamy, the adulterators 
 of food were often compelled to wear in public a placard with 
 the announcement, "Falsifier' or something similar, written in 
 conspicuous characters. 
 
 When, as in ages past, alimentary products were grown and 
 manufactured by the consumer himself or the consumer bought 
 direct from the farmers the raw materials, such as grain, meats, 
 fruits, etc., and prepared the foods himself, he was certain, or at 
 any rate had greater security that he was consuming the pure ar- 
 ticle. 
 
 The foods and food stuffs of former times were few and sim- 
 ple as compared with ours. Formerly the food markets were not 
 filled with all manner of goods prepared and ready for consump- 
 tion. 
 
 The food materials that were formerly bought and sold were 
 mainly of a raw, crude nature. Formerly they had neither "potted 
 meats" nor "canned vegetables" ; spices came to them unground 
 and none of their virtues extracted. Formerly the list of family 
 groceries was a short one. 
 
 Food adulteration as a great evil follows manufacturers and 
 commerce, and flourishes in the train of a broadening civilization. 
 Adulteration is largely a matter of lessening costs in order that an 
 extensive line of low-priced foods may be placed upon the market. 
 
 We all recognize as a marked and creditable feature of the 
 past quarter of a century, the efforts of modern civilization to 
 regulate by law sanitary and other conditions affecting the physical 
 welfare of the race, in order to add to the comfort of living and 
 promote longevity. Included in this effort, is the regulation of 
 the food supply, commonly designated the "Pure Food Move- 
 ment." 
 
 The entire question as to the pure food regulation might be 
 summed up in a few sentences, as the kernel of the entire matter 
 is that the consumer shall be made acquainted with the true char- 
 acter of the food and drink offered for sale. 
 
 The fundamental principle is that every consumer is entitled 
 to choose as to the kind and quality of the food offered for sale. 
 
 -)41(-
 
 For example, whether they shall receive honey when desiring to 
 purchase that article, or a mixture of honey and glucose ; absolute- 
 ly pure fruit jelly, or some questionable imitation, and this com- 
 parison is equally applicable and true as applied to all foods and 
 food products. 
 
 Today, on account of the tendency of the population to con- 
 centrate in cities and villages, industrial ha\'ing proportionately 
 outgrown rural life, it becomes a necessity that food products be 
 bought in greater quantities, and under such conditions adultera- 
 tions become more feasible and difficult to detect and suppress. 
 
 Chemisty, with its amazing progress and its manifold resources 
 of substituting the artificial for the natural, has offered to the stu- 
 dent of its mysteries, greater facilities for effecting numerous falsi- 
 fications but at the same time let it also be stated that chemisty 
 furnishes ample means of detecting them. 
 
 During the past year there have been over 6,000 samples taken 
 and reported to the office of the State Food Department, not tak- 
 ing into consideration the tests made as to milk and dairy pro- 
 ducts. Some of these samples were taken for the reason that they 
 were misbranded, or not properly labeled in conformity with the 
 requirements of the State Food Law and others to determine 
 whether they were pure and wholesome or contained coloring mat- 
 ter and preservatives that were harmful. Of these samples ana- 
 lyzed, more than 3,800 were found to be pure or to meet the re- 
 quirements of the law, and about 2,200 were found to be adul- 
 terated or mislabeled and illegal and consequently in violation of 
 our State Food Laws. 
 
 Many prosecutions have been begun and sucessfully con- 
 ducted and convictions secured on account of these various viola- 
 tions, and the intention of the State Food Department is to enforce 
 these food and dairy laws more vigorously, and no leniency will 
 be shown or immunity granted to the violators of these laws in 
 the future, as these pure and wholesome butter and milk laws are 
 more especially for the protection of the infants and for those 
 who are sick, consequently require greater protection as milk more 
 especially is the common diet for infants and all those in bad 
 health. 
 
 There are about 4,000 manufactories of foods and 16,000 
 retail grocery stores in the State, not counting the thousands of 
 restaurants and booths and other places where foods may be sold 
 and where the dealers may be interested in knowing the quality 
 of the food sold. 
 
 ■)42(-
 
 If these retail dealers of the State alone submitted but one 
 single sample each, of their goods for analysis, it would take up 
 the entire time of our State Chemists, leaving no time to attend 
 to the analysis of suspected articles secured by our Inspectors, and 
 should this be the rule adopted, the retail dealer would in all 
 probability send in to the State Food Department only a sample 
 of its "pure goods" and not a sample of the adulterated or mis- 
 labeled foods, if he had any, in his store or place of business. 
 
 Mr. Toastmaster, we do not think at the present time after 
 all the light that has been thrown upon the question of adultera- 
 tion and falsification of the various food products and the work 
 that has been accomplished, not only in our State but in the various 
 states of the union, and by our national government in the in- 
 vestigation and endeavors to stop the sale of adulterated and false- 
 ly labeled articles of food that there is any necessity, or argument 
 of mine to prove the necessity for strong, wholesome food laws 
 and their enforcement. 
 
 Mr. Toastmaster, especially is this true before such a body of 
 intelligent men as are gathered here in this convention, men 
 who are all in hearty s'^onpathy with all the v/ork that has been 
 accomplished in securing stringent Food Laws and their rigid en- 
 forcement and giving to consumers pure articles of food, and are 
 ready at all times to do all in their power to protect the consumer 
 against fraud and to give the manufacturers and dealers who de- 
 sire to manufacture and sell, only pure, honest goods the full bene- 
 fit of the laws. State and National. 
 
 Mr. Toastmaster, the head of the family is wise when he takes 
 the ground that the best food in the market is none too good for 
 himself, and the members of his family. Pure and wholesome food 
 has preserved many a valuable life and restored the sick and feeble 
 to robust health, and since the passage of the "Pure Food Laws" 
 by the states there has been a notable increase in the length of 
 human life. 
 
 When we think that the whole human family from the cradle 
 to the grave is dependent on these . food products ; that it is 
 engaged in a struggle for food and cannot live without it ; that 
 the condition of humanity depends upon the quality of its food 
 and that a people are prepared for a struggle for existence in 
 proportion as its food products are kept pure and wholesome ; that 
 you can tell the standard and character of a nation by the whole- 
 soraeness and purity of its food products, by the food it consumes, 
 and that in the state and the nation we are entrusted with the 
 
 -)43(-
 
 duty of enforcing these laws and thus guarding the people and 
 protecting them from the manufacturer and dealer in impure, 
 fradulent and unwholesome foods, we can understand what a 
 great duty we have to perform. 
 
 We find, as we draw aside the curtain of time and look down 
 the centuries as they pass before us in panoramic view, that it 
 took forty centuries to prepare the human family for the coming 
 of Christ and Christianity, and that it took almost eighteen cent- 
 uries more to prepare the nations of the world for a government 
 of the people, by the people and for the people here in the new 
 world. 
 
 The trouble down the centuries has been over this same food 
 product ; it started in the Garden of Eden. Six thousand years 
 ago we find that the beasts of the field, the fowls of the air and all 
 other created things, according to their kind or variety, were named 
 but the orchard was overlooked. We have no authentic way of 
 telling what kind of variety of apples grew in the Garden of Eden, 
 and for six thousand years the human family has paid the penalty. 
 
 The Nineteenth Century will stand out conspicuously among 
 the centuries as that one in which the nations learned that all men 
 "are created equal." Shall we not hope that the twentieth cent- 
 ury will stand by its side as the one in which the nations of the 
 world learned that the food products of the earth were made for 
 man, and the nations of the earth must protect, preserve and keep 
 them pure and wholesome by the enforcement of these "Pure Food 
 Laws"— State and National. 
 
 The men and women who have had nothing but pure and 
 wholesome food for their daily fare have had the blessings of 
 the earth ; they have eaten its fresh, ripe fruits ; they have breathed 
 its pure air ; they have drunk its pure water ; they have wrought 
 in living sunshine ; they ha\'e rested in its leafy shades and by its 
 babbling brooks. 
 
 Mr. Toastmaster : To them the change of seasons brings var- 
 ied, healthful, living employment ; to them the labeling of the 
 various food products brings faith and trust in a kind and bounti- 
 ful Providence ; to them the heavens declare the glory of God ; 
 to them the beautiful, quiet nights bring halcyon dreams of eternal 
 peace and rest ; they have basked in and tasted the pure and sweet 
 nectar of real life. These men and women who have had only 
 pure food and pure drink are the poets, the painters, the states- 
 men, the philosophers, the preachers, the teachers, the physicians, 
 the orators and the judges as well as the lovers of the human race. 
 
 -)44(-
 
 These men and women who have had only pure and whole- 
 some food have built the asylums and hospitals for the poor and 
 unfortunate, and sweet charity finds in them her most devoted 
 devotees, and may the choicest and richest blessing always be 
 theirs. 
 
 The Pure Food Movement that is now sweeping the country 
 cannot be further stayed in its onward march. The people are 
 being educated, not only by the National and State Food officials, 
 the Mayors of the different cities of the union, the public press, 
 the great food magazines and journals to a full comprehension of 
 the enormity of food adulteration, but we find your organization 
 and similar organizations all over the country, taking up the cause 
 of "pvire food" and carrying the banner aloft until today from 
 Maine to California ; from the Lakes on the north to the Gulf on 
 the south, all over this broad land there is a demand for the en- 
 forcement of the Food Laws, and that by so doing the people may 
 have a healthy and stable ration. 
 
 Mr. Toastmaster, all we have to do is to take down the vol- 
 umes of sacred history and go back thirty-five hundred years, and 
 we find that the first food commissioner was Moses, the Jewish 
 law giver. He gave the Jews their first regulation and rulings 
 concerning the production, manufacture and sale of the various 
 food products of his day which applies literally and with great 
 force at the present time. 
 
 Mr. Toastmaster : As long as the Jews obeyed the laws, as 
 laid down by Moses, we find that they were called God's chosen 
 people and loved and followed his doctrines and precepts and that 
 their foods were the best. We love to go back to the Land of 
 Canaan, to Palestine, the "Holy land," the land flowing with milk 
 and honey and read of their glory, their beautiful women, their 
 brave men, their glorious civilization, all, in my judgment, due to 
 their "pure food" and "pure drink." And we find that after they 
 began adulterating their foods and their drinks they fell from their 
 high estate. 
 
 Mr. Toastmaster : In all ages and among all people since 
 the dawn of civilization "pure food" and "pure drink" has been 
 the paramount issue, and I am pleased to state that today, in my 
 judgment, in no part of the civilized world is the doctrine of "pure 
 food" and "pure drink" more thoroughly preached as well as 
 practiced than here in Illinois. 
 
 Illinois is the first food and dairy state in the union. Her broad 
 prairies and fertile valleys are especially adapted to the growth 
 
 -)45(-
 
 and development of these food and dairy products. On her broad 
 bosom are grown the food and dairy products that feed the na- 
 tions of the world, and with Elgin as the center of the dairy in- 
 dustries, with Chicago as the distributing point of all the vast food 
 products and centrally located as Illinois is in the union, she will 
 always maintain her position at the head. 
 
 Mr .Toastmaster : In conclusion allow me to again thank the 
 good women of the Catholic Church of Elgin for this lovely ban- 
 quet. My remarks tonight more especially include the ladies, for 
 it is to the women of our country that we owe all that is good 
 and true. In peace we work and strive to make them happy, in 
 war we fight for them, for they are the Queens of our homes and 
 God's last and best gift to man. 
 
 -)46(-
 
 ADDRESS DELIVERED BEFORE THE CON- 
 VENTION OF THE STATE DAIRYMEN'S 
 ASSOCIATION OF ILLINOIS 
 
 Lawrenceville, Illinois, Thursday, January 19, 1922 
 
 Mr. Chairman, Members of the State Dairyman's Association of 
 
 Illinois, Ladies and Gentlemen : 
 
 I want to thank your worthy Secretary for an invitation to 
 attend a meeting of the State Dairymen's Association, and assure 
 you that it is with great pleasure that I meet with you and attend 
 the Convention in this beautiful City of Lawrenceville and here 
 in Lawrence County and in Southern Illinois, and enjoy the hos- 
 pitality extended to me and the other members of the Depart- 
 ment of Foods and Dairies of which I have the honor to repre- 
 sent 
 
 When you invited me I took the matter up with Col, Miner, 
 my Assistant, and several of my Inspectors and we prepared an 
 Exhibit which has been on exhibition during the Convention and 
 I hope that it has been beneficial and thrown much light on the 
 work that is being carried on by the Department of Foods and 
 Dairies in assisting the Dairy interests of the State and the cause 
 of "Pure Food and Pure Drink" generally. 
 
 Mr. CHAIRMAN : I have been more or less associated with 
 the work of the State Dairy Commission for more than twenty 
 years and know what these meetings mean to the cities and coun- 
 ties in which these Conventions are held, and how they have 
 helped build up the Dairy interests in the sections of the State 
 where they have been held. 
 
 Southern Illinois is peculiarly adapted to the promotion of 
 Dairy interests and as I have had the honor of residing in this 
 part of the State all my life and know how much our part of the 
 State will be benefited by having your association meet here and 
 the interest that will be instilled in the people of our section, I 
 take great pleasure in taking part in your program. 
 
 -)47(-
 
 There are at least forty millions of people in the United 
 States who are consumers of dairy products and who do not pro- 
 duce any of these products. These are interested in securing the 
 best possible dairy products, and the information this meeting and 
 similar gatherings to this will give them concerning milk, cream, 
 condensed milk and evaporated cream, butter, cheese, etc., through 
 the medium of addresses, discussions and exhibits will be of in- 
 calculable advantage to the dairy interests of our country as well 
 as to these fortv millions of non-producing consumers, with all 
 these facts and many more along the same line. I feel compli- 
 mented, Mr. Chairman, by being placed on this program. 
 
 I feel complimented that the Great State of Illinois, that I have 
 the honor of representing here today, is called a Dairy State. It 
 is hardly necessary for me to state that Illinois stands at the head 
 of all the other States of the Union in the production of dairy pro- 
 ducts and of the dairy industries — her broad fertile prairies are 
 all alike conducive to this industry. We are apt to forget, as lUi- 
 noisians, when we speak in praise of her wonderful growth in agri- 
 culture, commerce, population, education, wealth and all that 
 goes to make a state — great and powerful- -I say we are apt to for- 
 get that she stands one of the first in the Galaxy of States — as a 
 Dairy State. That situated as she is almost midway between the 
 great oceans, Illinois has a commanding influence in controlling 
 the dairy markets in this Great Empire of the Middle West, and 
 Chicago, being the Empire City, of all this vast country, located 
 on Lake Michigan, as she is — Illinois and Chicago, when measur- 
 ed by time and performance, as to production and trade of dairy 
 products, not only as to quantity but quality, lead the markets of 
 the civilized world. 
 
 At the University of Illinois, it is maintained as sound doc- 
 trine, that one half of the subject matter out of which a useful and 
 successful citizen is to be educated should be drawn from the 
 profession or occupation he expects to follow, and the other halt 
 from the world at large, from the profession and occupations of 
 other men, if you please. 
 
 The well conducted Agricultural and Dairy College of the 
 present day, does not exist for the sole purpose of teaching from 
 practice, but rather to educate the farmer and dairyman partly 
 by these means of the principles and practices of his profession 
 or occupation, and partly from the common stock of human 
 knowledge out of which all men must be educated. As education 
 is information and ability to use it, so the real problems now be- 
 
 -)48(-
 
 fore these colleges are two : First, How to conduct the technical 
 instruction so as to impart information, as to fundamental princi- 
 ples, and at the same time educate the man; and, Second, How 
 much that is not technical must be studied to insure that his ed- 
 ucation, which is his development, is not narrow but broad, and 
 liberal schools are the repositories of human knowledge set in order 
 for teaching to the young, that they may become better fitted to 
 live in harmony with their surroundings and to avail themselves 
 of the advantages of our civilization that has been built by the best 
 thoughts and inventions of the best men of all ages and at vast 
 expense and labor. 
 
 Naturally the schools are behind the activities as well as 
 utilities of the people, for things must be proved before they are 
 to be considered as belonging to our stock of knowledge and fitted 
 to be taught to our students. But when a thing is proved, where 
 a new fact or principle is discovered, no matter what it is nor 
 where, all the world is entitled to know it. It makes no difference 
 whether the discovery be in physics, chemistry, authorship, or in 
 a triumph of agricultural genius, or some new method of produc- 
 ing better milk, butter, cheese or other products of the dairy I 
 repeat it, "the world is entitled to know it". 
 
 Too long has this been neglected, Illinois is pre-eminently an 
 Agricultural and Dairy State. A main source of our wealth is 
 our soil. It is the interest of the State as well as the individual 
 owner that its fertility be maintained. To do this it must be fer- 
 tilized with brains. Our young people who are to become tillers 
 of the soil, and operate the dairies, as well as operators of the 
 dairies, must be so educated that they can read intelligently and 
 appreciate the best literature of the farm, including the reports 
 from the Experiment Stations as well as the practically scientific 
 part of the best farm and Dairy Journals. 
 
 For many years, and even down to the present, the Illinois 
 Dairymen and farmer have heard the constant complaint coming 
 from agricultural sources and interests, that the active, earnest, 
 energetic boys could not be retained on the farm, they would drift 
 away and seek employment along other lines. 
 
 The agricultural and dairy interests felt that they were not 
 properly cared for, and the question comes, "what was the cause?" 
 We found as we examined our great institutions of learning, that 
 we were educating the boy away from the farm and the dairy ; 
 that he was no longer satisfied with an employment that demanded 
 only physical force. He wanted to engage in some employment 
 
 -)49(-
 
 where he could exercise not only his physical force but the force 
 of his mind. When he looked into other employments he found 
 that exercise of the mind, that wounderful power that is moving 
 the world at the present rapid pace, that was achieving success, 
 and he was no longer contented to he tied down to an employ- 
 ment that offered no such opportunity. 
 
 Our State University began to recognize that it was not serv- 
 ing all the people of the state fairly and equally. That in fact 
 it was leading the boys away from the farm and the pursuits of the 
 dairy to the injury of this, one of the most important industries 
 of the State. To meet this the Agricultural and Dairy Depart- 
 ments were established. For many years they met with no material 
 degree of success but all the while the foundation of better things 
 were being laid. 
 
 Today we find on the University grounds magnificient build- 
 ings erected for the purpose of educating the agricultural and 
 dairy students. 
 
 Two purposes are recognized in outlining the work of teach- 
 ing. First, The Dairy farming. Second, The business of produc- 
 ing milk and the business of manufacturing milk products. Our 
 University teaches these subjects relating to milk producing, offers 
 a course of dairy cattle, the animals that are best suited for milk 
 production. It also offers dairy farm management. It discusses 
 the question of stocking up and managing the dairy farm, how to 
 feed silage to the dairy herd. It has a course in milks in which 
 it discusses the nature of milk and the economical production of 
 milk, and the care of it, the testing of milk in order to test the cows. 
 
 Attention is given to the City Milk Trade, which of course 
 may, or may not be conducted by the milk producer. Students 
 enter these courses without any reference to other work in the Uni- 
 versity. 
 
 One branch of the work carried on by our State Dairy School 
 that has assisted the dairies and creameries of the State as much 
 perhaps as any, is the field work carried on by the Department. 
 The Motto of the Department is, "THE SUREST WAY OF 
 TEACHING A THING IS TO GO WHERE THE FELLOW IS". 
 
 The most direct and quickest way to influence the people in 
 the country' is to go into the country and work with the men in 
 the country on the dairy farms. Go to the dairymen and cream- 
 erymen and show them and explain the problem of dairying, to 
 them, so that the problems are thoroughly understood. This is 
 a very valuable work of the Department. 
 
 -)50(-
 
 Wc are educating these boys and girls not from, but to, the 
 farm and the dairy, and as they come out from these institutions 
 they will not turn their backs upon the old home, but they will 
 face homeward fully realizing that no other occupation offer a 
 greater opportunity for the exercise of both mental and physical 
 power, and the development of the highest and best talent that a 
 divine Creator has implanted in the heart of mankind. Now as 
 they go about their work, as they look at the herds of cattle, the 
 good points of the cow appeal to their minds. They consider the 
 quality as well as the quantity of milk and butter. The question 
 arises whether this animal produces more than it consumes ; is it 
 profitable to the dairyman or the farmer? When they see the 
 horses hitched to the plow not only the question of strength but of 
 beauty comes to their minds. Now as they turn the furrow and 
 behold the cold clod of earth, they look beneath the surface and 
 see its wonderful possibilities, its power to produce grass and the 
 waving grain as well as the beautiful plants, flowers and trees. 
 
 All these things come into their minds, their interest is awak- 
 ened, they begin to study as to what crops it will best produce. 
 Their thought now is how can we increase their productiveness 
 without material expense. 
 
 As we pass through this beautiful land of ours we behold the 
 farm houses, the large well filled barns and every farm a dairy, 
 well kept and clean and beautiful. 
 
 These young men have now awakened to find that these 
 premises can be beautified and improved without material ex- 
 pense. It is a common fault of ours that we appreciate too little 
 the pleasures that nature have given in the ceaseless routine of 
 work. 
 
 We become so engrossed with the production of things, the 
 adding of material wealth, the increasing of our income, that we 
 forget that nature has scattered her beauties all along the path- 
 way of life. The changing seasons, the budding of the trees and 
 even the storm.s over us offer an opportunity for the relaxation of 
 that mental tension that shortens the life of man. 
 
 I am satisfied, my friends, that we are entering upon the dawn 
 of a new era in the life on the farm, and the dairy, the develop- 
 ment of which will place the husbandman upon a higher plane 
 than has hitherto fallen to his lot. He is no longer isolated. Our 
 government has through its rural mail service, and with the tele- 
 phone reaching every farm, every dairy and creamery, placed the 
 farmer in touch with the world almost as fully as his City brothers. 
 
 -)51(- 
 
 U, OF ILL LIB.
 
 AND GENTLEMEN: The Dairymen have done much to 
 bring about this state of affairs ! 
 
 As has been stated, nature has done much for Illinois. Her 
 soil and climate are the best ; her schools are the finest ; she raises 
 within her bosom the best grains and the largest quantity per acre ; 
 she is the fountain head of agriculture and foremost of all the 
 states in the union in the production of dairy products. 
 
 When we remember from "the cradle to the grave" the human 
 race is absolutely dependent upon this product, and that upon its 
 purity, sti'ength and quality rests the lives of her six millions of 
 people, we see how necessary it is that this industry should be 
 safely guarded, especially when we consider the delicate absorp- 
 tive qualities of milk and the ordinary manner of its production. 
 
 Commercially, socially, intellectually and philanthropically 
 Illinois knows no limits. She buys and sells of every land, her 
 citizens visit in every state and country, and her charities and phi- 
 lanthropy are broad as humanity. But in the widespread purity 
 of her dairy products is she particularly, ever selfishly interested. 
 
 Her dairy products must find a sale in foreign markets. It 
 may be in a state that guards the reputation of her dairy products 
 and the health of her people, or it may be in a state which leaves 
 the question of their purity and wholesomeness to the consumer. 
 In either case our products are all right. 
 
 The condensing factories have been the greatest factor in 
 raising the standard of milk production upon the dairy farms of 
 Illinois. They make certain requirements in regard to the methods 
 used in the production of milk delivered at their factories and 
 have inspectors to see that rules and regulations are carried out. 
 
 In discussing the Dairy Industry of Illinois it is necessary 
 to consider it in the different branches. There is probably no 
 phase of dairying in our state today that is receiving such close 
 study or making such active progress and improvements as that of 
 marketing milk — if we may so call it — the supplying of our cities 
 and towns with more and better milk. This, of course, is felt 
 chiefly in the more thickly populated portions of our State, where 
 towns and cities are growing rapidly and the work that is being 
 done in this branch of dairying is also growing rapidly. 
 
 The production of condensed milk in various forms is in- 
 creasing very fast and this commodity is being exported in in- 
 creasing proportions over all other of our dairy products, and there 
 is evidence that there will be a steady increase in the manufacture 
 
 ■)52(- 
 
 I
 
 of condensed milk in Illinois on account, more especially, of the 
 large demand for export. 
 
 The export of condensed milk during the last ten years has 
 been remarkable. Our condensaries furnish our army and navy 
 largely with their supply of milk and cream, and during the late 
 War in Europe, it was shipped in large quantities to supply the 
 armies of our Allies and our own army, as well as all other parts 
 of the civilized world. Illinois has the largest condensed milk plant 
 in the world and new plants are in the course of construction. 
 
 The real foundation of the whole dairy business lies in the 
 milk producer. The chief necessity then in improving the dairy 
 conditions is to give the producer such a knowledge of the right 
 methods of handling and caring for the milk that he will not only 
 see the necessity for such methods but may also know how best 
 to accomplish this purpose. 
 
 THE DAIRY INDUSTRY furnishes the best means for di- 
 versification in our great agricultural system, and to the dairy 
 phase, of our system of farming, we owe the reclaiming and re- 
 demption of a depleted soil. 
 
 Under its sovereign power and sacred duty to protect its citi- 
 zens against all dangers to health, and all frauds against the earn- 
 ing of honest labor, the courts have ruled that the state has the 
 right to even exclude from its markets all food substances which 
 may be adulterated, so as to mislead the consumer, or which may 
 be injurious to health. Under this power it has a right to punish 
 fraud, ignorance and negligence, and to hold all who make and 
 sell food and dairy products responsible for the purity of the ar- 
 ticle put upon the markets of the State. Whatever frauds or adul- 
 terations that have been detected, the police povv^er has been in- 
 voked to regulate and prohibit, and whatever conditions are yet 
 to present themselves, this power will be found infinite to suppress. 
 
 MR. CHAIRMAN : In conclusion, let me say, it has been 
 my good fortune to visit many states of our union and study their 
 adaptation to the dairy business, and from what I have seen and 
 heard, I feel that I am warranted in saying that no state in the 
 Union is better adapted to the dairy business than Illinois. The 
 quality of our milk is unexcelled. Our state is blessed with an 
 abundance of pure fresh water for our cows, and a greater part 
 of the year they can feed upon green grass. Our great state is 
 more suited to the pursuits of dairying and stock raising than to 
 any other, and I am glad to see that our people are becoming fully 
 awakened to its importance. 
 
 -)53(-
 
 ADDRESS BEFORE STATE RETAIL MERCH- 
 ANTS ASSOCIATION 
 
 Belleville, Illinois, February 7, 1912 
 
 Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Retail Merchants Association 
 
 of Illinois : 
 
 I want to first beg your pardon for not being here yesterday 
 to address you, but found I had an engagement for the State Food 
 Department and could not be here. I think when your Committee 
 met me in Chicago I said to them I could not be here on yester- 
 day, but I am glad to know that it is all right this morning, and 
 that today will answer probably as well. 
 
 Now, gentlemen, when I look over this intelligent assembly 
 and see back of it 16,000 retail grocers of our State, which repre- 
 sent one of the most magnificent organizations in our State, or in 
 our country, I am proud to be here with you to-day, and I want 
 to say to you gentlemen, that in my experience as State Food 
 Commissioner, I have met with you occasionallv, and I have never 
 met you under MORE AUSPICIOUS CONDITIONS than I 
 have at this moment. In other words the Retail Merchants were 
 never better organized, in my judgment, than they are to-day. 
 They never did better work than they are doing to-day. 
 
 They have never given better satisfaction to the consumers 
 of the State, and as your Honorable President said, "we are all 
 consumers", and so has also, the gentleman who preceded me — 
 The gentleman — who preceded me, I have not the pleasxire of his 
 acquaintance — but ever)' Retail Merchant is my friend, and I 
 want that understood. 
 
 When we look back over the past twelve or thirteen years and 
 see what has been accomplished by your Association and what 
 wonderful progress your Association has made, I can congratu- 
 late you on this splendid meeting. 
 
 When I was first appointed State Food Commissioner the 
 food laws of the State of Illinois worked a great hardship upon 
 
 -)54(-
 
 ALFRED HANBY JONES — 1911
 
 the retail merchants. At that time the laws did not provide for 
 co-operation between Commissioners, and it did not provide for 
 the merchant's "guarantee clause". There were no National 
 Food Laws that provided for rulings, or standards, as there are 
 to-day. Consequently, a great many retail merchants were prose- 
 cuted, or called before the courts of our State for charges that they 
 should not have been troubled about, as, if there had been a hear- 
 ing upon the charges made, the facts would have shown that no 
 offense of sufficient gravity was committed. 
 
 Illinois was the first State in the Union that adopted the Na- 
 tional Food Law by having its law remodeled along the lines of the 
 National Food Law, and rulings and standards made in conform- 
 ity with the rulings and standards made by the national food of- 
 ficials and of the National Food Law. To-day, in every State 
 in the Union one set of labels, standards, or brands for food may 
 be adopted ; as we now have uniformity in the enforcement of 
 these laws. State and National, between State and National Food 
 officials. 
 
 This law now means that the manufacturer or packer can 
 place his foods upon the markets of the state, in which he resides, 
 and if manufactured according to the laws of that state it will pass 
 in every other state and territory of the Union. 
 
 This condition did not prevail, prior to the passage of the 
 National Food Law, in 1906. Prior to that time every state had 
 its own food laws and rulings and standards made thereunder, and 
 as a general proposition, they were different from every other 
 state. Consequently, there could be no co-operation between State 
 Food Officials, and there was no National law to prevent adulter- 
 ated, or misbranded foods from crossing the border line of one 
 state into that of another. In other words, Illinois had its food 
 law, and rulings ; Wisconsin had its food law and rulings ; and so 
 on between all the other States, until 1906, when the National 
 Food Law was passed. Every state in the Union then had their 
 laws rewritten and modeled after the National Food Law, and 
 rulings and standards made to conform with those made under 
 the National Law. 
 
 Another feature of our new State Food Law, as well as that 
 of the National Food Law, is the "guaranty clause". Under Section 
 31 of our State Food Law, you will find this guaranty clause. It 
 provides that if the retailer secures a guaranty from the manu- 
 facturer or packer, that the goods are prepared and sold under 
 
 -)55(-
 
 the State Food Law, then the manufacturer, or packer, must pay 
 the fine, or p>enalt\% in case of a false guarant\'. 
 
 We ha\-e been prosecuting manufacturers and packers by the 
 hundreds and thousands under this guarant\- clause, for there is 
 where the trouble lies in a great majority of these cases. 
 
 Thb relie\-es the retailer of the burden of defending these 
 charges and places the burden where it properly belongs, up)on 
 the nefarious manufacturer, or packer. Under this new law the 
 retailer can lr\-e in comparative peace and securits- so far as prose- 
 cutions are concerned if he will only use that care and diligence 
 that a prudent business man would use in requiring the manufact- 
 urer, or packer, to give the guarant\- as provided in Section 31 
 of oiu State Food Law. In my judgment the retailer that will 
 not go to this trouble and use this necessars- dilligence and caution 
 should not complain if he is prosecuted, and has a fine and costs 
 to pay, or e\-en be imprisoned on account of the falsely prepared 
 and labeled foods sold by him. 
 
 I am pleased to state that the retail dealers nearly as a unit 
 are conforming to this Section of our law and are requiring a 
 guaranty- and also that foods shall be manufactured and prepared 
 for them as prcrvided in our State Food Law. 
 
 -Vnother wholesome provision of our State Food Law is the 
 sanitary clause that requires all foods to be manufactured, pre- 
 pared and sold under sanitary conditions. Under this law the 
 consiuners of the state can be protected from flies, dust, dirt, 
 filth and illy-\entilated places >\here foods are manufactured, 
 packed and sold. It is the greatest boon g^ven to the people since 
 the passage of these laws, State and National. 
 
 I am pleased to state that the retail dealer as well as the man- 
 ufacturer and packer, as a general proposition, are obeying the 
 pro\Tsions of these new sanitary laws and are preparing to manu- 
 facture, pack and sell foods that will be sanitary and wholesome 
 as proN-ided in these new sanitary laws. 
 
 ^^'e have seen from the last tables, as prepared by Insurance 
 Companies, Boards of Health, etc., that human life on the average 
 has been prolonged in the last decade about seven years owing 
 to the passage of these food and sanitary- laws and their enforce- 
 ment, and the effect upon the himaan family has been wonder- 
 ful indeed. 
 
 We hear a great deal in regard to high cost of living, the 
 high cost of foods, but I want to say to you that, in my judgment, 
 the foods of the country- are no higher than any other commodity 
 
 -)56(-
 
 and that the retail merchant of to-day is selling on a less profit 
 than that of any other business carried on in our country. Cora- 
 petition is fierce and the strife is so great for business that all kinds 
 of goods must be sold on a small profit or margin, consequently, 
 the charge made against the retailer that he is growing rich on the 
 vast profits he is making is, in my judgment, untrue, and was 
 started by demagogues and those who have nefarious purposes or 
 designs of their own, and not done in the interests of the people of 
 the country. 
 
 The work of the Department has increased enormously and 
 the department has made an excellent showing. Experience has 
 shown that its efficiency in the enforcement of food control laws 
 increases and will be strengthened through the application of the 
 civil service law that went into effect July i, 191 1, placing em- 
 ployment in the Department under civil service supervision. 
 
 A study of the food conditions in Illinois shows that we have 
 within our state 1 6,000 retail grocers ; 4,000 manufacturers of 
 foods ; 300,000 dairies ; 700 creameries ; 40 milk condensaries and 
 bottling plants, not taking into account the cheese factories, booths, 
 restaurants, and other places where foods are sold. More oleo- 
 margarine is manufactured in our state than in all the other states 
 in the Union. 
 
 When it is considered that Illinois is the first State in the 
 Union in the production, manufacture and sale of the various 
 food products of our country, and that Chicago is the greatest dis- 
 tributing point in the world for all these various foods, the neces- 
 sity for an efficient food inspection department is apparent, and 
 it is gratifying to know that at this time Illinois leads, not only 
 in the effectiveness of its present food law, but in the work it is 
 accomplishing through the Pure Food Commission. 
 
 Properly labeled foods that are composed of pure and whole- 
 some ingredients m.ay cost a little more than the cheaper or in- 
 ferior article could be purchased for, but in the end, there will be 
 a decided saving in the matter of preserv-ed health, mental activity, 
 and actual effect of the genuine food. It has been conclusively 
 demonstrated that it takes much less of the pure and genuine ar- 
 ticle of food to make a wholesome and stable ration as well as to 
 satisfy hunger, than of the "drugged" or "doped", or of the "im- 
 itation" product. 
 
 This is a fact which should commend itself to the serious con- 
 sideration of every dealer and consumer, and this is one of the 
 fundamental doctrines taught by every Pure Food Commissioner, 
 
 ■)57(-
 
 or pure food official, and the effects of its teachings, and enforce- 
 ment have convinced the people of our land, that it is right, and 
 that the enforcement of the "Pure Food Laws" are in the interest 
 of the people. 
 
 Food is, next to air, the greatest necessity of life, and the study 
 of the various kinds of foods adapted to human existence, their 
 relation to the needs of the human body, their influence on the 
 health of the individual, their quality, their purity or freedom 
 from matters foreign and injurious to health, is one of the essential 
 studies in connection with pure food laws, and the sanitary con- 
 ditions pertaining thereto. 
 
 When, as in ages past, nearly all the various food products 
 were grown and manufactured by the consumer himself, or the 
 consumer bought direct from the farmers the raw materials such 
 as grain, meats, fruits, etc., and prepared the foods himself, he 
 was certain, or at any rate had greater security that he was con- 
 suming the pure article. 
 
 The food and food stuffs of former times were few and sim- 
 ple as compared with ours. Formerly, the food markets were not 
 filled with all manner of goods, prepared and ready for consump- 
 tion. 
 
 The food materials that were formerly bought and sold were 
 mainly of a raw, crude nature. Formerly, they had neither potted 
 meats nor canned vegetables, spices came to them unground and 
 with none of their virtue extracted. Formerly, the list of family 
 groceries was a short one. 
 
 Food adulteration as a great evil follows manufacture and 
 commerce, and flourishes in the train of broadening civilization. 
 Adulteration is largely a matter of lessening costs in order than an 
 extensive line of low priced foods may be placed upon the market. 
 
 We all recognize as a marked and creditable feature of the 
 past quarter of a century the effects of modern civilization to reg- 
 ulate by law, sanitary and other conditions affecting the physical 
 welfare of the race, in order to add to the comfort of living and 
 promote longevity. 
 
 The entire question of the food regulation might be summed 
 up in a few sentences, as the kernel of the entire matter is that the 
 consumer shall be made acquainted with the true character of the 
 food and drink offered for sale. 
 
 The fundamental principle is that ev-ery consumer is entitled 
 to choose as to the kind and quality offered for sale. For example, 
 whether they shall receive honey when desiring to purchase that 
 
 -)58(-
 
 article, or a mixture of honey and glucose ; absolutely pure eggs 
 or some "packed article", absolutely pure fruit jelly, or some 
 questionable imitation, and this comparison is equally applicable 
 and true as applied to all food and food products. 
 
 GENTLEMEN OF THE CONVENTION : I want to again 
 thank you for this pleasure of being present and addressing you 
 upon this occasion, and if I can do anything to assist you, in and 
 about the discharge of your respective duties, I assure you it will be 
 a great pleasure for me to do so. This is an age of progress, the 
 world is growing wiser and better, and in order to keep up with 
 the procession we must study conditions and adapt ourselves to 
 them. 
 
 This, in my judgment, is the best age, within the history of 
 the civilized world, and I wish I had the time to go on and enumer- 
 ate the great events that have taken place in the industrial world, 
 and especially, those events, as affecting the retail merchants of our 
 country, but time and your program forbids m^e to do so. 
 
 You made no mistake in selecting Belleville and this beauti- 
 ful valley of the Mississippi — the father of waters — for holding 
 your convention — for here is a Valley richer than the Nile, where 
 the very best and most wholesome food products are grown. 
 
 Illinois is proud of her Retail Merchants Associations that 
 are established in every City within her broad confines and, as a 
 general proposition, no more intelligent, prosperous or business- 
 like organization exists within her dominion than the organization 
 of "Retail Merchants", — they represent the business barometer, 
 and financial status of our state, for when they prosper the State 
 is prosperous and when they languish or their business declines it 
 represents a decline in all lines of business, not only in our state, 
 but of every other state in the Union — for Illinois, located as she 
 is centrally, within the Union, is the ven,^ heart of the business 
 industries and when the heart is affected all other parts of our great 
 commonwealth are sure to be affected in the same way. 
 
 There is nothing in the outlook to discourage you, you have 
 the confidence of the business world. Your business, during the 
 past year has greatly increased, and your reports show that you 
 are keeping up with the procession and that the "Retail Merchants 
 Association" will, in the future, as she has in the past, carry the 
 banner of progress and business intelligence, and head the pro- 
 cession, in the business world. 
 
 MR. CHAIRMAN : If at any future time I can meet with 
 you and say an encouraging word to you, and this Association, all 
 
 -)59(-
 
 you have to do is to call upon me. I assure you that I am in full 
 S}TTipathy with you and appreciate the great difficulties you have 
 to encounter but feel that you are equipped to meet the situation 
 and that in the future, as in the past, you will come up to the high 
 mark, fixed by the business and financial world for you and that 
 you will not lower the standard but be ready for every emergency 
 that may come up, and that the consumers of our State, as well 
 as the nation, may say, as was said of old, "All hail to the glorious 
 organization of the Retail Merchants Association of Illinois and 
 may God speed them in the great work to be performed by them." 
 
 -)60(-
 
 ADDRESS DELIVERED AT THE THIRTY-FIRST 
 
 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ILLINOIS STATE 
 
 BAR ASSOCIATION 
 
 Galesburg, Illinois, July 11^12, 1907 
 
 at which meeting were present tfen Ju^ices of the Supreme 
 court, the Ju^ices of the Appellate Court, the Circuit 
 Court Judges, the County Court Judges and the Members 
 of the State Bar Association. 
 
 THE PURE FOOD LAWS OF ILLINOIS 
 
 When I received your very courteous invitation to address 
 you on the subject of "PURE FOOD LAWS", it is needless for 
 me to say that I was pleased with your assignment to me of this 
 subject, and I comply more willingly with the request of your 
 Committee because of the interest I have taken in the subject 
 they have assigned me. 
 
 The members of the legal fraternity, outside of their special 
 calling, do much to awaken and direct popular sentiment through- 
 out the State. Therefore, the State Food Commissioner, who has 
 charge of the enforcement of the State Food Laws, can and does 
 thank the Illinois State Bar Association for this opportunity to be 
 heard upon the subject that is now receiving much attention, not 
 only in our own State, but all the States of the Union, and in 
 fact, in all parts of the civilized world. 
 
 We champion the doctrine that "Ture Food" and '"Pure 
 Drink" are not only moral obligations resting on all governments, 
 but a legal obligation that should be vigorously enforced, not only 
 by statutory laws, but by their rigid enforcement. 
 
 The objects of our State Food Laws are three fold : First, to 
 protect the ignorant consumer from injury and fraud ; Second, to 
 foster and protect the industries of our State ; Third, to put com- 
 peting manufacturers, packers and jobbers on an equal footing. 
 
 -)6l(-
 
 In order to fulfill these objects, laws and their rigid enforcement 
 are necessary. 
 
 Food is, next to air, the greatest necessity of life, and the study 
 of the various kinds of foods adapted to human existence, their 
 relations to the need of the human body, their influence on the 
 health of the individual, their quality, their purity, or freedom from 
 matters foreign and injurious to health, is one of the essential 
 studies in connection with "Pure Food Laws" and their enforce- 
 ment. 
 
 When we think that the whole human family is dependent 
 on the food product ; that it is engaged in a struggle for it ; that 
 the condition of humanity depends upon the quality of its food 
 and that the people are prepared for this struggle for existence in 
 proportion as its food products are kept pure and wholesome ; that 
 we can tell the standard and character of a people by the whole- 
 someness and purity of their food products, by the food they eat, 
 we can then see how necessary it is to have wise and wholesome 
 food laws, and having officers authorized to enforce them, and 
 having them rigidly enforced, thus guarding the people, and pro- 
 tecting them from the manufacturers and dealers in impure and 
 vm wholesome foods and food products. 
 
 Illinois, as you are aware, holds, in the teachings o( "Ture 
 Food Laws", a prominent record among the various States of the 
 Union. 
 
 Among the many wise laws our General Assemblies have de- 
 vised for the well-being of the people, were not wanting those 
 which punished the adulteration and misbranding of foods and 
 drink. 
 
 Pure Food Laws, therefore, teach us how to protect our- 
 selves against impure, unwholesome and falsely labeled food and 
 drink which undermine health, caused either by ignorance, neg- 
 lect or dishonest desire for illicit gain. 
 
 The adulteration and falsification of alimentary products is 
 by no means an invention of modern times, it has always been 
 practiced, as the citation of ancient recorded cases prove. We 
 learn from those that in past ages, adulteration of food and drink 
 was punished, not only by fine and imprisonment, but with more 
 humiliating penalties, and to expiate their infamy the adulterators 
 of food were often compelled to wear, in public, a placard with 
 the announcement "Falsifier" or something similar, written in 
 conspicuous characters. 
 
 In some countries punishment took the shape of a sound whip- 
 
 -)62(-
 
 ping, or in extreme cases even capital punishment was resorted to. 
 which, in one case at least, was applied by giving the offender a 
 dose of his own medicine. This happened when a falsifier of wine 
 was condemned to drink six quarts of wine and died from its ef- 
 fects. 
 
 When, as in ages past, alimentary products were grown and 
 manufactured by the consumer himself, or the consumer bought, 
 direct from the farmers, the raw materials, such as grain, meats, 
 fruits, etc., and prepared the foods himself, he was certain, or at 
 any rate had greater security, that he was consuming the pure ai'- 
 ticle. 
 
 The foods and food stuffs of former times were few and sim- 
 ple as compared with ours. Formerly, the food markets were not 
 filled with all manner of foods prepared and ready for consump- 
 tion. 
 
 The food materials that were formerly bought and sold were 
 mainly of a raw, crude nature. Formerly, they had neither 
 "potted meats" nor "canned vegetables" ; "spices" came to them 
 unground, and none of their virtues extracted. Formerly, the list 
 of family groceries was a short one. 
 
 Food adulteration, as a great evil, follows manufactures and 
 commerce, and flourishes in the train of a broadening civilization. 
 Adulteration is largely a matter of lessening costs, in order that 
 an extensive line of low priced foods may be placed upon the 
 market. 
 
 We all recognize, as a marked and creditable feature of the 
 past quarter of a century, the efforts of modern civilization to reg- 
 ulate, by law, sanitary and other conditions affecting the physical 
 welfare of the race in order to add to the comfort of living and pro- 
 mote longevity. Included in this effort, is the regulation of the 
 food supply, commonly designated the "Pure Food Movement." 
 
 The entire question, as to the pure food regulation, might be 
 summed up in a few sentences, as the kernel of the entire matter 
 is that the consumer shall be made acquainted with the true char- 
 acter of the food and drink offered for sale. 
 
 The trade as a general proposition is in favor of an honest 
 label, one which defines, to the consumer, the true character of 
 the article it covers. There is a minority that claims that when 
 once a food product is admitted to be pure and wholesome, it 
 should not come under the jurisdiction of a food law and should 
 be sold as any other article of merchandise ; and also, that when 
 a food law undertakes to protect the people from fraud and de- 
 
 -)63(-
 
 ception it is going beyond the question of pure food. This position 
 is untenable, as food affects the physical well-being of individuals, 
 and the State, which is not the case with other sorts of merchan- 
 dise. 
 
 It is also understood that legal protection, or supervision of 
 the rights of manufacturers and distributors, is in no way preju- 
 dicial to, or an infringement of the right of the consumers. 
 
 The right of the manufacturers is by no means encroached 
 upon by laws which prohibit the use of harmful or insanitary in- 
 gredients in food products, or which provide for sanitary inspection 
 of store and m.anufactories or prescribe the form of label, the 
 standard of the ingredients to be used in the preparation of food. 
 
 The fundamental principle is that every consumer is entitled to 
 choose as to the kind and quality of the food offered for sale. For 
 example, whether they shall receive honey when desiring to pur- 
 chase that article, or a mixture of honey and glucose ; absolutely 
 pure fruit jelly or some questionable imitation, and this compari- 
 son is equally applicable and true as applied to all foods and food 
 products. 
 
 As a safeguard, insuring the people against fraud in connec- 
 tion with the preparation, manufacture and sale of food products, 
 publicity is an active factor and can be trusted in a large degree 
 to protect the consumer. There is nothing the fraudulent manu- 
 facturer of adulterated foods fear so much as publicity. 
 
 The manufacturers and dealers are a unit in favor of the 
 adoption of uniformity in labels and standards and are heartily in 
 s)Tnpathy with the National Food Law that will bring about co- 
 operation between the National and State Food authorities. 
 
 To-day, on account of the tendency of the population to con- 
 centrate in cities and villages, industrial having proportionately 
 outgrown rural life, it becomes a necessity that food products be 
 bought in greater proportion, and under such conditions, adulter- 
 ations become more feasible and difficult to detect and suppress. 
 
 Chemistry, with its amazing progress and its manifold re- 
 sources of substituting the artificial for the natural, has offered to 
 the student of its mysteries, greater facilities of effecting numerous 
 falsifications, but at the same time, let it be stated that chemistry- 
 furnishes ample means of detecting them. 
 
 Since time beyond the memory of man legislators have given 
 their valued time and attention to the subject of frauds in the prep- 
 aration and sale of food products, devising laws and means whereby 
 to prevent and suppress them. The simple statute of former time 
 
 -)64(-
 
 had evolved into as complete and thorough a code of laws regulat- 
 ing, not only food, but sanitation, as it is possible to devise, de- 
 fining adulterations and providing specific penalties for their re- 
 pression. 
 
 Falsification of food products is defined by Dr. H. W. Wiley, 
 Chief of the Bureau of Chemistry in the United States Depart- 
 ment of Agriculture, and who has the enforcement of the Nation- 
 al Pure Food Laws, as "the adulteration to which an article is 
 subjected in order to deceive the buyer". It comprises, therefore, 
 not only the addition of one article to another of different nature 
 and cheaper value, but also, the substitution of one product, or 
 ingredient, for another substance of the same nature, but of inferior 
 quality, so that the result is an article less proper to the use than the 
 original and of a less value than that implied by the designation 
 given to it. 
 
 Falsification is, moreover, the false designation of an article 
 with regard to its origin, place of manufacture, contents, etc., and 
 an article is deemed altered or falsified, if not exactly adulterated, 
 when it has undergone natural changes that depreciate its com- 
 mercial value and decrease or destroy its fitness for consumption. 
 
 The purpose and object of food legislation, therefore, has al- 
 ways been, and necessarily must be, to strike falsification whenever 
 and wherever found, without admitting, as a general principle, 
 ignorance or good faith, which would tend to excuse the mal- 
 practice. 
 
 A merchant is under the necessity and obligation of knowing 
 the quality of foods which he sells, and, as the law does not admit 
 of ignorance, he must bear the consequence of his actions. 
 
 Experience has demonstrated that the more severe a law is 
 against falsification the better the result. In the suppression of 
 food adulteration it stands as true as in surgery that "the merciful 
 doctor makes the wound foul", and as a logical sequence alertness 
 in supervision and severity in repression are necessary conditions 
 for efficiency in the application of food laws. 
 
 With these principles involved, food legislation in Illinois has 
 identified itself. Illinois in 1899 passed the law creating the 
 State Food Commission and defining its powers and duties and pro- 
 viding a system of food inspection and analysis, which has been 
 enforced with great benefit to public health, commercial honesty 
 and credit, and to the economical welfare of the State. The pass- 
 ing of the Revision of the law of 1907 by the present General As- 
 sembly, and the approval of the same by Governor Deneen, in 
 
 -)65(-
 
 which latter law has been modeled the New National Food Law, 
 will give Illinois as good a law as that of any State in the Union, 
 and will be a great improvement over previous conditions. 
 
 It is, therefore, only since the passage of the National Food 
 Law by Congress and the revision of our State Food Law by the 
 last General Assembly that Illinois has been able to take up seri- 
 ously the matter of food co-operation, inspection, and analysis, 
 and prosecution for falsification, which received with the law of 
 1899 the first practical stimulus and organization. 
 
 An analysis of the Illinois Food Laws show that the funda- 
 mental principles underlying them are of a two-fold character, 
 aiming first to prevent, and next to repress falsification. Of a pre- 
 ventive nature are the provisions prohibiting or imposing restric- 
 tions on the sale of materials used to adulterate, when it is appar- 
 ent by the label, carton or advertisement that they are intended 
 for this purpose. 
 
 Under the provisions of the new State Food Law, the defini- 
 tions of adulterations and misrepresentations of food and food 
 substances entering into the composition of food are stringent. 
 The proper labeling of articles of food is especially provided for ; 
 a Commission to fix standards is also provided for and the Com- 
 missioner is empowered to make rulings and regulations controlling 
 the preparation, manufacture and sale, as well as the proper label- 
 ing, of all the food products of the State, also to make requirements 
 in regard to goods coming across the border lines under the Inter- 
 state Commerce Law from sister states or from foreign coxmtries ; 
 thus giving the Commissioner greater power and authority — 
 and the Department has been strengthened by additional Inspect- 
 ors and Chemists, and by funds for carrying on the work of in- 
 spection, analysis and prosecutions of violations of the law. 
 
 Many standards have been incorporated in the law. Among 
 the more important are the standards for milk, cream, maple sug- 
 ar, honey, spices and extracts. These standards have been written 
 into the law, and are not susceptible of change. 
 
 There was much delay in the passage of the present Food 
 Law because of the opposition of the retail grocers of the State 
 against the law as originally drafted for the reason that it did not 
 provide a "Guarantee Clause" ; finally the retail grocers succeeded 
 in their contention and a "Guarantee Clause" was added to Sec- 
 tion 31 of the act which substantially provides "That no person 
 shall be prosecuted under the provisions of the act for selling or 
 offering for sale any article of food, etc., when same is found to 
 
 -)66(-
 
 be adulterated or misbranded within the meaning of the act, in the 
 original unbroken package in which it was received "WHEN THE 
 PARTY MAKING THE DEFENSE CAN ESTABLISH A GUAR- 
 ANTEE SIGNED BY THE WHOLESALER, JOBBER, MANU- 
 FACTURER OR OTHER PARTY RESIDING IN THE 
 STATE, FROM WHOM HE PURCHASED SUCH ARTICLE, 
 TO THE EFFECT THAT THE SAME IS NOT ADULTER- 
 ATED OR MISBRANDED IN THE ORIGINAL UNBROKEN 
 PACKAGE IN WHICH SAID ARTICLE WAS RECEIVED BY 
 THE DEALER." 
 
 The contention was that this Guarantee Clause was uncon- 
 stitutional, as it was in restraint of trade, between Illinois and 
 sister states of the Union ; it would seem that retail dealers who 
 valued the "Guarantee Clause" as a protection would buy all their 
 goods, when possible from manufacturers and jobbers within the 
 state ; thus the Interstate Commerce Commission might rule that 
 manufacturers and jobbers outside of the State were being dis- 
 criminated against. That no matter how willing the manufactur- 
 ers and jobbers of sister States might be to guarantee their good^, 
 their declaration, or guarantee would have no legal force in Illi- 
 nois, whereas the guarantee of an Illinois manufacturer would 
 have such force. These were some of the contentions urged 
 against the "Guarantee Clause", but our legislature, in its wis- 
 dom, did not see fit to heed them, so we will have to await the ad- 
 judication of these questions in the courts to ascertain whether 
 these objections were well founded or not. 
 
 The Guarantee Clause is only one of many sections that is 
 novel in our new food law. The creation of a "Food Standard" 
 Committee, for the purpose of determining and adopting standards 
 of quality, purity or strength for the food product of the State, as 
 provided in Section i, is a new section. Heretofore, there had been 
 no standards fixed in the law for food products. This lack of 
 standard has, in the past, placed the burden of proof in prose- 
 cutions for violations of the law upon the officers appointed to 
 enforce the law. Each case had to be proven by expert testimony 
 as if no other had ever been tried. The uncertainty of conditions 
 due to these facts weakened the law, and made it hard to convict 
 and encouraged violators of the law to continue their transgres- 
 sions. 
 
 Now that we will have standards for such articles of food, 
 the discovery of fraud in foods and the evidence of the same will 
 
 -)67(-
 
 simply mean a question of analysis and comparison of the samples 
 with the standard as fixed by law. 
 
 Manufacturers, dealers and food officials will be equally and 
 fully informed as to the precise requirements in the composition of 
 all articles of food, and such unnecessary and costly litigation 
 thereby be avoided. 
 
 Until comparatively recently, governments have been content 
 to measure food by the quart, the pound, or the piece. The time 
 has come now when foods need to be measured by their composi- 
 tion as to strength, purity and effect on the health. 
 
 This necessity is due to the fact that in the competition in 
 trade which exists in all food products, unscrupulous manufactur- 
 ers and dealers are placing inferior goods upon the markets, with- 
 out notice of their adulteration, to the great injury of the public, 
 both as respects value and health. 
 
 I regard this provision of food standards, for all food products, 
 as one of vast importance and one that will strengthen the law 
 and its enforcement very materially. 
 
 Until the new food law was enacted, there had been no law 
 on the Statute books of Illinois preventing the adulteration of 
 spiritous, malt, or vinous liquors. Section 14 of the new law 
 especially prohibits the adulterations of liquors. I regard this as a 
 very important addition to the law as now we can punish the man- 
 ufacturer or dealer for selling liquors containing substances or in- 
 gredients not healthful or normally existing in such liquors. 
 
 Another new provision in Section 10 of the new law, gives 
 the State Food Commission the right to seize for confiscation, 
 and have all adulterated foods condemned, and the foods so seized 
 and condemned may be destroyed. 
 
 This provision will, in my opinion, add great strength to 
 the State Food Commission, as "contraband goods" can be reached 
 under its wise provisions. 
 
 When it is remembered that Illinois has 16,000 retail grocers, 
 4,000 manufacturers and packers of foods, 300,000 dairies, 700 
 creameries and 14 milk condensaries, not taking into considera- 
 tion booths, depots, stations, buffet and dining cars, and that it is 
 the first state in the Union in the production, manufacture and 
 sale of all this vast product ; and when we further remember that 
 Illinois, on account of her fertile soil and salubrious climate, her 
 broad prairies and fertile valleys, located almost centrally between 
 the two great oceans and peculiarly adapted to the growth and 
 production of the very best and most wholesome food products 
 
 -)68(-
 
 pertaining to the temperate zone, and Chicago being the dis- 
 tributing point of all this vast product, we can then see and un- 
 derstand how necessary it is that Illinois should have a first class 
 food law and have the law rigidly enforced so as to regulate the 
 manufacture and sale of this vast product. 
 
 The organized State governments, with the means at their 
 disposal, are trying to prevent the sale of commercial deceits while 
 the manufacturers and inventors of these deceits are laboring just 
 as energetically to prevent adulterations newer and more difficult 
 of detection to take the place of the old. The official chemists of 
 the different states are daily employed to differentiate the true 
 and the false, and chemical research is busy in identifying what is 
 pure from what is not. As fast as a method of detection is estab- 
 lished and a new adulteration is discovered, this same chemical re- 
 search is employed by the dishonest manufacturer to produce some 
 new deception. And so it is seen that we may only hope for "pure 
 food" in the fullest sense when the manufacturer's and dealer's in- 
 nate ambition to outstrip his neighbor's bank account shall be 
 merged in the millennium. 
 
 The people of this State and of the nation already realize 
 that food adulteration has become so intrenched and fortified in 
 this country that it is and has been hard to control. Neither the 
 National nor State Food Laws will free mankind from cupidity 
 nor radically change human nature, but the work of education, 
 enforcement and publicity goes bravely on, and while these ele- 
 ments of man's nature remain what they are, the contest for "pure 
 food" and "drink" is likely to be an everlasting issue. 
 
 The National Food Law does not supersede the State Food 
 Law. A National Food Law is supreme within its own jurisdiction. 
 A State Food Law is supreme within its jurisdiction which is with 
 the State. Manufacturers and dealers are, therefore, subject to the 
 operation of two laws, a National Food Law and a State Food Law. 
 When they comply with the National Food Law they are immune 
 from prosecution by national food officers, but are not immune 
 from prosecution by state food offices unless they also com- 
 ply, at the same time with the State Food Law. Therefore, it is 
 best for all interests, or all concerned, to have the National Food 
 Law and State Food Laws made uniform in their provisions. 
 
 My Friends, we have seen what can be accomplished by or- 
 ganization, and I am no Jeremiah crying out against these great 
 organizations and combinations of individuals of capital ; nor am 
 I a believer in the doctrine that they foretell the destruction of the 
 
 -)69(-
 
 Republic, but on the contrary, believe in them, and believe that 
 it is only through such agencies, properly regulated by law, that 
 the great work of the future can be more fully accomplished, and 
 I think every State Food Commissioner will agree with me that 
 he has less trouble with these large corporations, engaged in the 
 manufacture and sale of the various food products, in securing an 
 obsen^ance of the law and rulings made in conformity therewith, 
 than he has with the small firms, and individual manufacturers, 
 and dealers, as these large organizations can be reached more 
 readily by the law, and have more at stake, and should a prosecu- 
 tion be instituted against them, it would call the attention perhaps 
 of the whole State to the fact that they were engaged in the manu- 
 facure or dealing in impure, adulterated or unwholesome food pro- 
 ducts, and thus cause them a great loss in their business and repu- 
 tation. 
 
 We may fail occasionally in securing a conviction against a 
 guilty party, but we must take into consideration that in the ad- 
 ministration of justice, there are failures of conviction under all 
 sections of the criminal code, for under our jury system, that al- 
 lows the corporation, or individual, to be tried by a jury of twelve 
 men, owing to the perversity of human nature, it is sometimes hard 
 to convince all twelve of them, that the violator of the law is guil- 
 ty. And for this very reason the prosecution may fail in that par- 
 ticular case. But in this day of newspapers and reporters, before 
 the prosecution is over, the press has informed the people of the 
 State and the word has gone out that the party was guilty, and 
 even though the jury may not have seen, it in that light, the people 
 understand it, and if the violator does not reform and observe the 
 law, a few more vigorous prosecutions will have the desired re- 
 sult of compelling the guilty party, either to observe the law and 
 conform to the rulings made thereon, or to quit business. In other 
 words, the guilty party will be taught that honesty is the best 
 policy. 
 
 For unquestionably, I should say nine out of every ten manu- 
 facturers are honest in this matter. I believe that the knowledge 
 that the law was to go into operation has had the effect of warn- 
 ing manufacturers that they should not put out goods that would 
 necessarily have to be condemned, and the outlook, therefore, 
 favors the voluntary observance of the law in a perfectly fair and 
 straight forward manner. Those manufacturers, who were doing 
 things that the law forbids now, did so as a means of livelihood ; 
 that they had to meet competition of other adulterators and they 
 
 -)70(-
 
 had, therefore, to adulterate their own goods. Now the necessity 
 for adulteration has passed ; there will be no competition neces- 
 sary with adulterated goods, and I think they honestly WELCOME 
 THE LAW, and will gladly return to legitimate methods of doing 
 business. 
 
 The outlook for "Pure Food" is brighter to-day than ever be- 
 fore in the history of our State. The Supreme Courts of nearly 
 every State in the Union have held that all persons who manu- 
 facture and sell adulterated foods do so at their peril, and the 
 penalty will be enforced, even though the seller had no knowledge 
 of the adulteration. 
 
 The Supreme Court of Minnesota has held that no person had 
 the constitutional right to keep secret the composition of a substance 
 which he sells the public for food. 
 
 To show the complete power of the State over the sale of 
 food products it is only necessary to refer to the recent decisions 
 of the Supreme Court of the State of Missouri, Volume i6o, page 
 474, in which a statute, absolutely prohibiting the sale of baking 
 powder containing alum, was upheld and enforced. 
 
 For years the national, as well as the state government, has 
 been passing laws protecting the animal and vegetable kingdom 
 as well as the interests of agriculture and horticulture and mak- 
 ing liberal appropriations along these lines. It is now high time 
 that the human family should have some attention paid to it. If 
 efficient food and sanitary laws can be enforced, this will tend 
 to produce a better condition of affairs in the State, life will be 
 made more worth living, longevity will be increased and according- 
 ly there will be less demand for increased appropriations for our 
 charitable institutions, as well as less poverty and crime in our 
 State. 
 
 If the State would have a strong, intellectual and healthy cit- 
 izenship, it must give more attention to food and drink as well 
 as the sanitary conditions of the State. 
 
 THE PURE FOOD MOVEMENT that is now sweeping the 
 coixntry cannot be further stayed in its onward march. The peo- 
 ple are being educated by the National and State Food Officials, 
 the press, the food magazines and journals, to a full comprehension 
 of the enormity of food adulteration ; that many of the ills of life 
 are due to this cause ; that a healthy and stable ration is necessary 
 to good citizenship. 
 
 -)7l(-
 
 ADDRESS AT THE OLD SETTLERS' REUNION 
 Polo, Illinois, Odober 20, 1906 
 
 MR. CHAIRMAN: 
 
 As I stand here amidst this vast audience, surrounded by the 
 Old Settlers and farms of Ogle County, I feel that I am here 
 surrounded by the best people on earth ; that I am among God's 
 chosen people, chosen by him to fulfill His commands. That I 
 am not only among the best people on earth, but in the best farm- 
 ing country on earth. 
 
 It is a great pleasure to look up and down this great state of 
 ours, four hundred miles north and south and nearly three hun- 
 dred miles wide, with a population of nearly six millions of people, 
 the best farming state in the United States or in the world. 
 
 Illinois has more money invested in farms and farm lands 
 than any other state in the Union. When we think that within 
 the lifetime of some of these Old Settlers "That here lixed and 
 loved another generation of beings. That here the wild fox dug 
 his hole unscared. That here the Indian pursue the panting 
 deer" — then let our minds run back to the fact that many of the 
 Old Settlers of this county still live to tell the story of its settle- 
 ment and growth, it sounds more like a fairy tale, like romance, 
 than reality. We must not forget that it was the early settler, the 
 pioneer farmer that subdued this wilderness of prairies and made 
 it blossom as the rose. As we draw aside the curtain of the past 
 and cast our minds back over the scenes as they pass before us 
 in panoramic view, we see about three hundred years ago a little 
 band of Puritans landing on the rugged shores of New England 
 at a place called Plymouth Rock. It was the fall of the year. 
 They came there to avoid religious persecution. They landed 
 there and before spring fifty of their number had been planted 
 beneath the sod. In the spring when the seed time came they 
 had to plow over these new made graves to keep the Indians from 
 finding them. This Western Hemisphere was inhabited by the 
 
 -)72(-
 
 wild beast and still wilder savage men. These settlers saw their 
 homes burnt, their property destroyed, and every step of their 
 lives in danger from the wild savage Indian. We see them gain- 
 ing new settlers in the spring. They tilled the soil and built up- 
 on those New England shores a civilization that has been the ad- 
 miration of the world. Let us follow them in their march of 
 civilization as they settle up the countries along the Atlantic Coast. 
 
 We see them as they cross the Alleghany mountains in their 
 movers' wagons with canopied top, drawn by oxen or horses. 
 We hear their songs of praise to Almighty God for His merciful 
 care and for the beautiful country with its mountains and valleys, 
 its broad prairies, its noble rivers and healthful climate. Although 
 beset on all sides by these red savage men with the tomahawk in 
 one hand and the scalping knife in the other, they never wavered 
 or hesitated in their onward march. We follow them as they 
 cross from Pennsylvania into Ohio and on into Indiana, and here 
 to our own proud state of Illinois. Remember, my friends, they 
 had no Pullman Palace Cars to come in as we have now ; they 
 had no long freight trains to haul their paraphernalia. These 
 great railroads that now bind this continent from ocean to ocean 
 in bands of steel were not then known. They did not have even 
 a public highway to travel. Everywhere it was a wilderness. In- 
 dians would attack them and frequently a whole party of these 
 emigrants would be killed or captured, which was worse than 
 death. 
 
 This is the kind of men and women that settled Illinois ; that 
 settled Ogle County. Do you wonder, my friends, that they suc- 
 ceeded? It is well enough to meet once a year in these old set- 
 tlers' and farmers' reunions and talk these matters over. As we 
 do so, we want to remember another thing : that God Almighty 
 has no place in His plan of government among men for the nation, 
 or race of people that will not work. You cannot do anything 
 for that kind of a people. I do not care whether he is the Ameri- 
 can Indian whose soul is as black as his skin is red, or the hobos 
 and "Weary Willies" as they tramp through our land. 
 
 The American Indian will not work. He made a beast of 
 burden of his wife. There is no place for him. Civilization has 
 shut its door against him. All the Indian schools on earth, all the 
 Missionaries will not do it. The early settler was right in driving 
 him before him and taking possession of the country. "He would 
 not earn his bread in the sweat of his face", or any other way. He 
 
 -)73(-
 
 will not do it yet. All we can do is to care for and control him 
 and make him do right, or suffer the consequence. 
 
 We follow the old settler from the time he arrived and made 
 his first settlement in Illinois. We see him as he battles with the 
 wilderness and wild savage men and wild beast. He never hesi- 
 tates, he never turns, he never gives in, he toils on. Here he makes 
 his farm, he gathers around his family, he builds his cabin. After 
 awhile, as he advances and acquires wealth he builds him a better 
 house. He establishes the church and the school house. His chil- 
 dren grow up to be strong, healthy, intelligent men and women. 
 We have seen, under his toil, under his guiding hand, these broad 
 prairies, a wilderness when they first met his view, yield to his 
 magnetic touch and blossom as the rose. 
 
 Let us follow him and see what he has accomplished in 
 this short space of time. We have seen the old wooden mould 
 board plow give way to the steam plow and cultivator. We have 
 seen the sickle and the scythe and the cradle give way to the reaper 
 and the mower. We have seen the invention of all kinds of ma- 
 chinery and useful inventions, until today the farmer can, through 
 the telephone that runs to his house, talk to all parts of the coun- 
 try. He has his libraries, his carriages, his automobile. His wife 
 and daughter have the organ, the piano, and go to the watering 
 places during the summer. I want to say to you, my friends, that 
 the farmer's day is coming. When you see Presidents and candi- 
 dates for Presidents leaving the city for the farm ; when you see 
 Senators and Representatives also following in their footsteps ; 
 when you see the leading finaciers and capitalists buying land and 
 passing as the farmer's friend, it means something. 
 
 For more than twenty years the drift of population has been 
 to the cities. Now we see a halt. The people are discovering that 
 this has been a mistake and already the pendulum has begun to 
 swing backward. Our great cities are over-crowded. Our tene- 
 ment houses are overrun, and from these unsanitary conditions 
 come nearly all our epidemics and contagious diseases, things 
 scarcely known on the farm, or in the country. 
 
 When I look over these beautiful farms here in this county 
 and see the fine farm homes, well furnished, see the barns and 
 farm buildings, your fine horses, cattle, sheep and hogs and farm 
 products, and behold your wealth and prosperity, then go through 
 one of our great cities among the tenement houses, see the poor 
 and unfortunate there, I wonder that any boy or girl would want 
 to take the chance of leavinsr the farm. 
 
 -)74(-
 
 But notwithstanding all that I have said many of you will 
 leave the farm. You have the blood and energ}' of the old pioneers 
 in your veins and you will want to try it. I know from experience 
 how you feel. Every boy and girl has read the history of our 
 country, thanks to our common schools, the finest on earth. Every 
 child has a common school education and many of you have gone 
 tlirough a college or university. You know from a reading of 
 our country's history that George Washington, the Father of our 
 country, was a farmer's boy ; Abraham Lincoln, in fact the most of 
 our Presidents, our Governors, our Congressmen, our Judges, came 
 from the farm. 
 
 You read the world's history and see what the farmer's boy 
 has accomplished. He is at the head of the great banks and fac- 
 tories ; he leads our armies to victory and upholds the flag. The 
 world cannot get along without him. He knows, after reading 
 the history of the United States, that the farmer boy, who has 
 been taught to work, taught that there is no royal road to suc- 
 cess, except through labor, can, by that same energy and industry 
 that he has given to the farm, win in any of the avocations of life. 
 
 It is on the farm that real honesty and integrity is taught. 
 Plere you will find religion and patriotism of the old fashioned 
 kind. And, my young farmer friend, when you go to your home, 
 when you go back to the farm, I want you to remember who it 
 was that subdued this wilderness ; who it was that built up and de- 
 veloped the farm ; who it was that gave you all these advantages. 
 When you and each of you do this, the old settler here today will 
 be happy, for when each one of you think of what your father and 
 mother has done and suffered for you that you might have a home 
 and all the comforts of life, you will resolve that their last days 
 shall be their best days. For, my young friends, you will under- 
 stand not only what has been done for you, but what the future 
 holds for you. These old settlers will not live to see it, but there 
 are those of the younger generation who will live to see this country 
 grow from eighty millions of people to three hundred millions of 
 people, for here on this western hemisphere is to be worked out 
 the problem of free government. The same breed of men who 
 conquered and subdued this new world, will by their genius con- 
 quer the rest. We have seen the sons of the Puritan fathers carry 
 the flag from the Atlantic to the Pacific and plant it on every 
 foot of territory ; we have seen them plant it in Alaska ; we have 
 seen them plant it in Porto Rico and the Phillipines, and the good 
 work is still going on. 
 
 -)75(-
 
 American ideas must and will prevail. The sons of these 
 old settlers have never lost a battle ; the flag handed them by these 
 old settlers, these fathers of the Republic has never trailed in the 
 dust, and the patriotism and devotion to civilization and the bet- 
 terment of mankind that inspired the fathers will inspire the sons. 
 
 As I look at one of these old storm beaten settlers, whose 
 brow has become furrowed by the hand of time, it does seem to 
 me that he is the grandest hero on earth. 
 
 When the pioneers came to this country and found it a wild- 
 erness and in three hundred years transformed it by their toil, 
 energy and genius into the fairest land on earth ; when we think 
 of the magnificent government they built up here ; when we look 
 over this fair land of ours and see our fine schools and churches, 
 see our superb railroads, our telegraphs, our telephones, our great 
 shops and factories, and a thousand other evidences of wealth, in- 
 telligence and strength, and know that all this has been accom- 
 plished here on these western shores in such a short space of time ; 
 that we have outstripped in the march of progress all the nations of 
 the world ; when we see here built up a government of the people, 
 by the people, and for the people ; when we see all these evidences, 
 do we wonder that such a people succeeded, and that we hold in 
 loving remembrance the stalwart men and women who accom- 
 plished these grand results? And when we meet on occasions 
 like this, to talk over old times and old scenes, the mind naturally 
 goes back to the first settlement of this nation, and follows its 
 history down to the present time. 
 
 And, my friends, it is fit and proper that we should do so ; 
 and that all over this country, in every state and territory in the 
 land, there should be a day set apart by law, a holiday, a day of 
 rejoicing, a day of thanksgiving and prayer, for the old settlers 
 and the pioneers they represent, they, and those who preceeded 
 them, but it is better than they knew ; they made it possible for 
 us to possess this fair land and enjoy these blessings. 
 
 We have our day set apart by law, and observed by all our 
 people, to celebrate our Independence, our liberty from the Thral- 
 dom of Great Britain, our victories in the war of the Revolution, 
 our assuming the rights and duties of a nation. The Fourth of 
 July is sacred in the hearts of every American citizen. ^Ve have 
 the 30th day of May set part by law for our people to celebrate 
 the sovereignty of the National Government, the victories of the 
 Union army from 1861 to 1865 and the fall of the Secession and 
 Slavery. We have the first day of September set part by law 
 
 ■)76(-
 
 as Labor Day to rejoice over the prosperity of labor and what it 
 has accomplished. But these old settlers, and those who have gone 
 before them, made it possible that we might have a Fourth of 
 July, a Decoration Day, a Labor Day, or in fact, any of these 
 great holidays which have been set apart to celebrate the deeds 
 accomplished for the people. 
 
 My friends, we want to keep the memory of these old set- 
 tlers, and their deeds fresh and green in the minds of the youths 
 of our land, so that they may appreciate what has been done for 
 them and the cause they represent. 
 
 Let us narrate the facts of history ; that on the Fourth day of 
 July, 1776, when we threw off our allegiance to England and as- 
 sumed the duties of a government, we had then thirteen states 
 scattered along the Atlantic coast. The only friend our fathers 
 had was the Atlantic Ocean on the east, for on the north was the 
 possessions of Great Britain, on the west was the possessions of 
 France, on the south the possessions of Spain, all looking on with 
 jealous eyes. We had a little over eight hundred millions of square 
 miles of territory. Our government grew and expanded. It soon 
 obtained all the land on the south east. It gradually encroached 
 on the west until to-day it is all ours, from ocean to ocean, from 
 the lakes on the north to the Gulf of Mexico on the south. No 
 line of foreign custom houses to obstruct our view or delay our 
 progress. 
 
 I have had the pleasure of making a trip to the Pacific coast 
 and observed that wonderful country, its soil and climate, its peo- 
 ple, and studied its possibilities. The thought naturally presented 
 itself to me, what if we were not the possessors of this wonderful 
 country? I would have had to pass over the possessions of France, 
 Spain and Mexico and stop for passports at each place. As it 
 was I had the honor of representing this great Commonwealth of 
 Illinois, carrying its message to a sister state, and our party was 
 met by the representatives of those great and magnificent states 
 of Oregon and Washington. Everywhere I saw the Star Spangled 
 Banner, Old Glory was waving in every breeze. This flag that 
 our Revolutionary great grand fathers carried through the war 
 of the Revolution ; through the wars with the Indians ; through the 
 war of 181 2; that our grand fathers carried through the war with 
 Mexico ; that our fathers carried through the War of the Rebellion 
 from 1 86 1 to 1865 and their sons carried through the war with 
 Spain, carried until this country had grown and expanded from 
 thirteen states to forty-eight states ; until it had grown from three 
 
 -)77(-
 
 millions of people to one hundred millions of people, grown to be 
 the greatest, wealthiest, most intelligent, powerful nation on earth. 
 And even in my short life I have seen it grow from thirty millions 
 of people to one hundred millions. 
 
 And had it not been for these old settlers, these farmers, and 
 those who preceeded them, that we meet to-day to give the glad 
 hand and the warm and loving heart, the words of good cheer 
 and the glad smile, we would not have these blessings and privileges 
 that we enjoy to-day. 
 
 Yes, my fellow-citizens, I say it is not only well, but fit and 
 proper, for us to meet and talk these deeds over, tell them to 
 our children, show them what these gray haired men and women 
 have done, show them what they have accomplished, show them 
 there is no royal road to fortune ; that every man and woman is 
 the architect of his or her own fortune ; that unless they have 
 honesty of purpose, integrity and zeal ; unless they have willing 
 hands and loving hearts they cannot succeed ; that their fathers 
 may pile the money up as high as the "Inca piled up for Pizarro" 
 and they will not succeed. 
 
 When we go back over our national history and see what 
 these old settlers have accomplished we can see they were strictly 
 honest. They paid the Indians for their lands. They paid France 
 for the lands purchased of her. They paid Mexico for the lands 
 purchased of her. They paid Russia for the lands purchased of 
 her. They were always honest. We see them taking care of the 
 poor and unfortunate. All over our land are hospitals and homes 
 for the insane, the blind, the deaf and dumb, or for those who have 
 been unfortunate in life. Here, thank God, is the land where no 
 large standing army is required. Our people are a liberty-loving 
 people, a God fearing people. For these hundred years the voice 
 of the Puritan fathers have been heard reclaiming the doctrines 
 as taught by the "Master" : "Do unto others as you would have 
 others do unto you". How different it has been with the nations 
 of the Old World ! We see their large standing armies, a govern- 
 ment not of the people, but by force. 
 
 And when we think of the emigrants that come to these 
 shores every year by the hundreds of thousands and that we have 
 to assimilate and take into our civilization, we wonder that we 
 have succeeded as well as we have. 
 
 In the early days of the Republic the most of the emigrants 
 that sought our shores came to better their condition — came to 
 enjoy our free institutions. They settled up these virgin prairies. 
 
 -)78(.
 
 But in late years this is not always true. The worst element of 
 Europe, the Anarchist, the Communist, and the enemy of civiliza- 
 tion, has been coming. 
 
 But the people have seen the hideousness of their doctrines, 
 the terrible effects of their teachings, a nation in mourning on ac- 
 count of their infamous teachings, and we see the awakening, and 
 Anarchy and Communism with its red flag must go. 
 
 There is no place for such people or such doctrines in this 
 happy land of ours. The foundation of our government rests on 
 the happy and prosperous homes, and on law and order and so- 
 ciety. These red-handed Anarchists are against the home, against 
 all law, all society and all that we hold precious and sacred. 
 
 My friends, there is no place beneath the shadow of the flag, 
 of the church, of the school house, of the Temple of Justice, for 
 a resting place for these detestable people and their doctrines ! 
 We want to proclaim it from every foot of ground in the United 
 States that it is diabolical, and that it cannot live in this lovely 
 land of ours for one moment. 
 
 -)79(-
 
 ADDRESS AT THE ANNUAL PICNIC OF 
 
 THE REPUBLICAN CLUB COMPOSED OF 
 
 KANE, WILL, KENDALL, MCHENRY, AND 
 
 DU PAGE COUNTIES 
 
 Riverside Park, Aurora, Illinois, Augu^ 23, 1904 
 
 Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen : 
 
 I am pleased to address you, and this splendid audience on 
 this occasion : 
 
 Whoever is given greeting and audience in such a presence 
 ought indeed to have something worthy, something fit and some- 
 thing wise to say. 
 
 Inadequate in all save only grateful and respectful apprecia- 
 tion must be my return. 
 
 We are citizens of the greatest republic on earth, we govern 
 ourselves. Here no pomp of eager array, in chambers of royalty, 
 awaits the birth of boy or girl to wield a hereditary scepter when- 
 ever death or revolution puts on the oil of coronation. 
 
 WE KNOW NO SCEPTER SAVE A MAJORITY'S CON- 
 STITUTIONAL WILL. To wield that scepter in equal share, 
 is the duty and the right, aye the birthright, of every American 
 citizen. The supreme, the final, and only peaceful arbiter here, 
 in the United States of America, is the ballot box, and, in that 
 urn, should be gathered, and from it should be sacredly recorded, 
 the conscience, judgment and intelligence of a free people. The 
 reign of free self Government has been in all ages the bright dream 
 of oppressed humanity, the sighed for privilege to which thrones, 
 empires and dynasties have so long blocked the way. France seeks 
 it by forced marches and daring strides. The monarchs of the old 
 world are notified that their usurpations and tyrannical rule must 
 take heed, lest they fall, and the civdlized world rings with dread 
 echoes of applause. 
 
 But in the fullness of freedom the republic of America is alone, 
 in all the earth, alone in its grandeur, alone in its promises, alone in 
 
 -)80(-
 
 its blessings, and alone in its possibilities, and therefore alone in 
 the devotion due from its citizens. 
 
 The time has come when law, duty and interest require the 
 nation and the state to determine, for at least four years, their 
 policy in many things. 
 
 Two parties exist — parties should always exist — in a govern- 
 ment of majorities, and to support and strengthen the party, which 
 most nearly holds his views, is among the most laudable meritori- 
 ous acts of every American citizen, and this whether he be an of- 
 ficial or a private citizen. 
 
 Two great parties contend for the management of affairs in 
 our nation and state. The question is which of the two is safer 
 and wiser to trust. 
 
 The object of political discussion, and action is to settle princi- 
 ples, policies and issues. 
 
 The campaign on which we are entering is of unusual char- 
 acter. Unchangeable democracy claims to have changed, to have 
 taken a departure, to have been born again, to be different and 
 better this campaign than last. They exultingly point to the fact 
 that at their last National and State Conventions they declined 
 to compliment, or in any way, recognize Mr. Bryan and refused 
 to endorse the platform on which he and they all stood. For this 
 they ask thanks and a vote of confidence. We cheerfully give 
 them the vote of thanks but the confidence is another matter. 
 We have had experience ; their performance is not new ; it recalls 
 some ancient history that excited distrust. 
 
 They proclaimed their most notable departure in 1872, but 
 they have been pretty regular in the business ever since. They 
 were then under the leadership of Horace Greeley. With high sound- 
 ing phrases they resolved to accept the results of the war, which 
 had ended six years before, including the thirteenth, fourteenth 
 and fifteenth amendments to the Constitution as a settlement, in 
 fact, of all the issues of the war, and to acquiesce in the same as 
 no longer issues before the country, and pledged themselves to 
 bury out of sight all that is of the dead past, namely : Secession, 
 slavery, inequality before the law, and political inequality, and 
 devote themselves, thereafter and forever, to the full, faithful 
 and absolute execution and enforcement of the Constitution as 
 it now is so as to secure equal rights to all persons under it with- 
 out discrimination of race, color or condition. 
 
 Standing on such a platform there could be no talk about 
 slavery, secession, coercion or a white man's government. Thence- 
 
 -)81(.
 
 forth the nation must be conceded to be greater than any State 
 — greater even than South CaroHna — and the negro must be recog- 
 nized and treated, under the law, as an equal of all other men. 
 
 That indeed was a departure. It was in fact a complete sur- 
 render of all there was of democracy on that day. It was an 
 awful thing to bury it all at once. No wonder it was six years 
 after Appomattox before they could make up their minds to ac- 
 cept such wholesale bereavement. 
 
 But as one defeat followed another, they began, at last, to per- 
 ceive that some things were indeed settled, and, when finally con- 
 vinced that there was no other alternati\'e, they made the doleful 
 business as spectacular as possible. \Vith a great fluttering of 
 flags and beating of drums they marched out of the graveyard 
 into the highway of progress, proclaiming a change of heart, and 
 promising good behavior. And then as though that condoned all 
 the vicious past, as though after years of persistent error, it was 
 better to finally accept the truth, although driven to it, than to 
 have been its champion all the while, they turned to the people 
 and asked for power. Their sublime effrontery was equaled only 
 by the overwhelming defeat that followed at the polls. 
 
 The people were rejoiced to learn that they had confessed 
 their sins and promised reform but they were not prepared to en- 
 trust them with the Government. They naturally wanted some 
 proof of their sincerity and some guarantee that a party that was 
 so radically wrong on all the great problems that had been solved, 
 would not be wrong again on the questions that might arise. They 
 thought it well to impose a probationary period, and did so. 
 
 The people were wise. Thirty years have since come and 
 gone. During this period the democratic party has adopted and 
 advocated every heresy, every ism, every fallacy, and every evil 
 that has appeared in American politics, and then, in turn aban- 
 doned the same, except only the latest, which they still uphold as 
 their present stock in trade. State Sovereignty over National Un- 
 ion. The right of secession. Taxation of Government Bonds. The 
 payment of the Government obligations in green-backs. Free 
 trade, free silver, government by injunction and an open alliance 
 with populism and communism coupled with a persistent and 
 malicious violation of the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments 
 are but a few of the many mistakes and ruinous policies and 
 propositions to which it has given its adherence and support. 
 
 When it finally got into power it was more than mere dis- 
 appointment. What it advocated in the House it abandoned in 
 
 -)82(-
 
 the Senate. The Wilson tariff law was the only measure of Na- 
 tional character and importance that it was enabled to enact, and 
 that brought discredit upon the government, disaster in business 
 and loss and misery to millions of American homes. Yes ! at the 
 close of Benjamin Harrison's Administration we were more pros- 
 perous than we had ever been before in all our history. We had 
 never known such business activity, such universal enjoyment, such 
 diversity of occupation, such contentment and widespread hap- 
 piness, such national credit, or such national commerce. We were 
 better off than any other people on earth. We should have been 
 satisfied. We thought we could do better and tried — and lost. 
 
 We were told that it did not make any difference whether 
 the Republican or Democratic party were in power, and held the 
 offices, that prosperity did not depend on National policies, but 
 upon National conditions. We were quickly undeceived. The 
 Democratic party came into power, prosperity vanished, and four 
 years of disaster followed. 
 
 The soil was just as rich, the sunshine was just as warm, the 
 rains were as abundant, the seasons were as regular, and labor was 
 as eager but it was all in vain. 
 
 The Democratic party was at the helm. Free trade was in 
 the saddle and capital went into hiding, the mills stopped, the 
 mines closed, and idleness, want, suffering, tramps and riot spread 
 over the land. Commerce waned, the balance of trade turned 
 against us, revenues declined, deficits occurred and multipled until 
 they mounted to hundreds of millions. Issue after issue of Govern- 
 ment bonds became necessary to meet Government obligations, 
 and the National credit now so high, became so impaired, that a 
 Democratic Secretary of the Treasury would not venture to offer 
 a new issue of bonds for sale until he had organized a Wall Street 
 Trust to guarantee a market. 
 
 Finally as comes the light of day, after a long black night, 
 came the year 1896, and brought with it another opportunity for 
 the American people. What did the Democratic party do? Did 
 it acknowledge failure? Did it confess incompetence? Did it 
 apologize for the ruin it had wrought? Did it beg pardon to 
 the wage workers whom it had turned into idleness by thousands 
 and hundreds of thousands, and upon whose families it had im- 
 posed hunger, want and misery by robbing them of millions? 
 Did it manifest regret for the grief and sorrow with which it had 
 filled the land? Did it show penitence on any account? Did it 
 offer to abandon its heresies, or any of them? Did it show any 
 
 ■)83(-
 
 sign of compunction, or give any evidence of wisdom learned from 
 experience? No! Not one of these things did it do, or for one 
 moment think of doing. 
 
 On the contrary it did then, just as it is doing now, it threw 
 overboard its old leaders, nominated William J. Bryan ; formed 
 an alliance with the populists and socialists, and with free silver 
 for a new issue, taking advantage of the ruin, bankruptcy and de- 
 spair it has occasioned, with appeals to prejudice, sought to array 
 class against class, labor against capital, the poor against the rich, 
 that it might retain power. 
 
 It was not content to attack only the Republican party. It 
 attacked everything and everybody. It embodied in its plat- 
 form all the heresies of populism, socialism, communism and an- 
 archy. 
 
 Property rights, vested interests, law, order, even the courts 
 themselves, were assailed and placed in jeopardy. No such wild, 
 reckless, destructive and dishonest program was ever before entered 
 upon by any political organization. 
 
 The very life of the Republic was involved in the struggle, 
 and conservative patriotic men, including hundreds of thousands 
 of democrats rallied to the support of William McKinley, and by 
 his election, saved the country, its honor, and its institutions. 
 
 There is only one intelligent man in America today, who does 
 not see that the defeat of Bryan in 1896 saved us from irretriev- 
 able disaster, and he edits the "Commoner". Had we then added 
 free silver to free trade the most brilliant chapter in the economic 
 history of our country would never have been written. 
 
 By a return to the policy of protection, and by a preservation 
 of the gold standard, we have brought prosperity to the nation, 
 exposed the fallacies of free trade and free silver and left the 
 democratic party without an issue. 
 
 Its whole attempt to govern the country was a disastrous 
 failure. It forfeited public confidence and went out of power 
 thoroughly discredited as a public agency. 
 
 It has since steadily gone from bad to worse. It has seem- 
 ingly reached the point where it is incapable of even proposing 
 patriotic and acceptable policies. These are harsh criticisms, but 
 they are no harsher and are less severe, than even democratic lead- 
 ers are pronouncing on each other. 
 
 They now confess that they were wrong in the last two cam- 
 paigns, in regard to questions of vital character and importance, 
 that affected our financial honor, our industrial development, 
 
 ■)84(.
 
 our foreign policies, our national obligations, and our prosperity, 
 happiness and good name as a people. They pretended then to 
 believe what they advocated and necessarily, they either did or 
 they did not . If they did they lacked capacity; if they did not, 
 they lacked sincerity. In either case they are unworthy of public 
 confidence. But we have both cases. 
 
 In short, They have no common agreement and no common 
 purpose with regard to any policy or question of national char- 
 acter. What their next convention will declare for, no man can 
 tell, but all men know that it will be for whatever, at the time 
 may seem to give the best promise of success, without regard to 
 whether it is consistent or inconsistent with previous declarations. 
 
 They will stand by their present professions or take another 
 departure as expediency may dictate. In at least one respect all 
 such departures are alike ; they illustrate the want of fixed princi- 
 ple and purpose, and thus emphasize unfitness for public duty. 
 No party can be equal to the requirements of the government in 
 this country that is not inspired by a national policy that is the 
 same in all sections of the Union. 
 
 So long as democracy is one thing in one section and another 
 thing in another section it is necessarily both incapable and un- 
 worthy, and should not have the people's favor. A party that 
 cannot agree with itself should not expect anybody else to agree 
 with it, and a party that confesses that it did not know enough last 
 year to know that free silver was a blundering folly does not know 
 enough to rule the nation this year. Much less fit to be trusted 
 this year is a party that was capable of advocating last year what 
 it then knew to be ruinous, merely for the sake of party success. 
 But waiving all that, it is a good rule in politics as in everything 
 else, to let well enough alone. We disregarded that rule in 1892 
 and paid the penalty. 
 
 It is, therefore, enough of itself to paralyze business and bring 
 disaster upon the country, for the democratic party to carry any 
 important election. 
 
 But in addition to the moral effect of this lack of confidence, 
 and notwithstanding its departures and declarations, the fact is 
 that as to all the great questions of the day the democratic party 
 is now as it always has been, on the wrong side. 
 
 It pretends to have learned wisdom about the tariff, but every- 
 body knows it has not, and that it would not be in power twenty- 
 four hours, until its free trade tinkering would commence. As a 
 
 ■)85(-
 
 result we would have at once a repetition of our experience of 
 1892 to 1896. 
 
 Whatever difference of opinion there may be on other points 
 there is none as to our prosperity. We had it under Harrison, we 
 lost it under Cleveland. Every man knows that a return of the 
 democratic party to power would not increase it, and almost every 
 man knows; it would destroy it. Why place it in peril? It is the 
 greatest prosperity we have ever enjoyed, it surpasses comprehen- 
 sion, it defies exaggeration. 
 
 We have more industries in operation, than ever before, we 
 are working fewer hours than ever before, our farmers are pro- 
 ducing more than ever before. They are richer, freer from debt 
 and happier than ever before. 
 
 Our manufacturers are busier than ever before ; they are mak- 
 ing more and selling more than ever before. There is not an idle 
 man or an idle business, except by choice in all this broad land. 
 
 If we would maintain existing conditions we must keep the 
 Republican party in power. But nations, like individuals, cannot 
 live by bread alone. We want and must also have honor and good 
 name. We must have the respect as well as friendship of other 
 nations. This will be impossible unless we worthily discharge all 
 the great duties that fall upon us. Great duties are upon us now. 
 They come uninvited but they are none the less commanding. They 
 have brought with them new and difficult problems. It is not a 
 question whether we shall assume these responsibilities and under- 
 take to solve these problems. 
 
 That point has been long past. The only question now to 
 be considered is whether we shall go on or turn back. 
 
 The Democratic party tells us to turn back; it not only as- 
 saults the policies we are pursuing but it also denies the govern- 
 ment's power to carry them out. 
 
 This brings up the whole subject, and calls to mind all the 
 great events of the last seven years. The successes we have achieved 
 have excited the admiration of the world. On land and on sea 
 our flag has been everywhere victorious, and our statesmanship 
 has been everywhere triumphant. We have given Cuba, Porto 
 Rico and the Philippines freedom from Spain. We have restored 
 peace, law and order where only war and anarchy were and dis- 
 order prevailed before. We have given Cuba freedom under a 
 Constitutional Government of her own, leaving them absolutely 
 free and independent with the single exception that they shall 
 never become entangled with any other foreign nation that may 
 
 .)86(-
 
 seek a foothold there, and this restriction has been imposed only 
 because necessary to our protection and to guard the approaches 
 to the Panama Canal which we contemplate constructing. 
 
 We have given Porto Rico the most liberal Government ever 
 provided for any territory of the United States. For the first 
 time in their lives the burdens of Government are so light, they 
 scarcely feel them, and yet they see on every hand the opening of 
 highways, and the making of public improvements, coupled with 
 the establishment everywhere of schoolhouses and all the dis- 
 tinguishing features of American civilization. We are rapidly 
 leading them up to the enjoyment of our institutions and our lib- 
 erties. They understand and appreciate the situation and are striv- 
 ing to discharge their duties. They were never so prosperous, never 
 so happy, never so full of hope. 
 
 In the Philippines the insurrection has been suppressed, prac- 
 tically the whole population has taken the oath of allegiance, and 
 civil government is being everywhere established. 
 
 The Government thus established is in all respects more liberal 
 than any Government they have heretofore known. We shall hail 
 the day as one of deliverance from great responsibilities when we 
 can safely intrust to the Philippines a territorial form of Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 When the Spanish American war commenced we had an im- 
 portant commerce in the far East, and we had a good squadron 
 there to protect it. But in that part of the Globe there was no 
 harbor or station of our own where our ships could remain, in 
 time of war, to protect our interests, either on the land, or on the 
 water. Within twenty-four hours after the declaration of war, in- 
 ternational law closed all the ports of the globe against us ; the near- 
 est American station was San Francisco ; and so far as our com- 
 merce was concerned, it might as well have been in the moon. 
 But instead of going home to do nothing, Dewey went to Manila 
 and captured just what we wanted, and what we shall continue 
 to need more and more as time passes. Are we to hold and govern 
 this territory, or are we to profess lack of power and abandon 
 it, and when another war comes, be again where they last over- 
 took us? If so, we may find ourselves at war the next time with 
 a power that has not islands or harbors in the Orient that we can 
 capture. 
 
 In that event we would have to retire on San Francisco or 
 Hawaii with our navy and thus leave our commercial interests in 
 that part of the world unprotected. 
 
 -)87(-
 
 The thought of such a humiliation should be enough to vin- 
 dicate all we have done. Except only the Democratic party no- 
 body denies our power. With everybody else it is only a ques- 
 tion of policy, and what policy teaches, is plain to every student 
 of public affairs. 
 
 These Islands are not only just what we needed, but they have 
 come to us at a most opportune time. 
 
 The greatest business problem with which American states- 
 manship now has to deal, is that of finding markets for our sur- 
 plus products, and the greatest field for the development of new 
 markets is in the Orient. Our trade there is growing by leaps and 
 bounds. If we are wise we can increase it almost indefinitely ; 
 but as it grows the necessity increases to maintain the prestige of 
 our position, and all the advantages on which it depends. 
 
 The value of the Philippines does not depend on their re- 
 sources, or on the amount of their trade, any more than the value 
 of the Panama Canal will depend upon the amount of tolls that 
 can be collected. 
 
 Great national and international enterprises and movements, 
 are not measured by dollars and cents. We do not expect ever to 
 collect one dollar of profit in money, from either Porto Rico or 
 Hawaii and yet their value is to us beyond calculation. The one 
 is essential to the command of the Carribbean Sea, and the other 
 is the outpost that protects our Pacific coast. 
 
 ^Vhat these islands are to us here on this side of the globe, 
 the Philippines are to us yonder on the other side. That is not 
 all whether we like it or not, we have become a world power, 
 and must help do the work of the world. We cannot confine 
 ourselves to this continent, and we should not if we could. We are 
 destined to come and go, to and fro, through the world. Let us 
 realize and appreciate what we are, and are to be. 
 
 If the Constitution and all the laws of the United States, 
 not locally applicable, had followed the flag, and gone into force 
 and effect as soon as raised, as the Democratic party contended, 
 it would have been impossible to relieve their distress, or to have 
 established a successful government of any kind. 
 
 Instead of peace, order and progress, which we have in those 
 islands today, we would have had universal chaos, and universal 
 failure. 
 
 To have adopted such a construction of our constitution 
 would have made the Philippines and the Porto Ricans, most of 
 whom are wholly unfit to govern themselves, citizens of the United 
 
 -)88(-
 
 States, with full power to participate with all our citizens in gov- 
 erning us. There is no end to the difficulties and the absurd con- 
 sequences that would have ensued. 
 
 We rejected such belittling and un-American views, and pro- 
 ceeded on the theory that our government has all the power of 
 the most powerful ; that we are rightfully at the head of the na- 
 tions in sovereign power, as we are in physical and political power ; 
 that our Constitution is the Constitution of the United States of 
 America, but not the Constitution, until Congress so provides, of 
 the territories and possessions belonging thereto no matter where 
 situated or how inhabited. 
 
 We think the Constitution means what it says when it pro- 
 vides that the Congress shall make all needful rules and regula- 
 tions respecting territory or other property belonging to the United 
 States. 
 
 When we read in the Constitution about the United States, 
 and then also about territory that simply "belongs" to the United 
 States, we think it clear that our fathers contemplated that terri- 
 tory might come under our jurisdiction, and into our possession 
 without becoming a part of the United States, and that territory 
 that simply belongs to us, is to be governed under the clause re- 
 ferred to, as Congress may prescribe, and that it is the duty of 
 Congress in so governing, to meet the necessities of the inhabitants 
 of such territory and promote their welfare. 
 
 The Democrats have made a great many serious mistakes, but 
 they will scarcely commit the folly of adopting such doctrines. 
 The wise, conservative and patriotic men of that party are pro- 
 testing against such a course, and their voice will most likely be 
 heeded. But what then, the party will have recoiled from a preci- 
 pice, only to fall back on itself. 
 
 Our prestige and our power are now everywhere conceded. 
 We stand easily and preeminently first in the council of nations. 
 Our diplomacy as well as our arms played the most conspicuous 
 and most creditable part in the great world's work just completed. 
 
 The great trouble with democracy is, inherited and radical, 
 it is afflicted with a transmitted heresy from the doctrine of se- 
 cession and State rights, that makes its leaders unable to appreciate 
 the place, the power, or the duty of our nation. 
 
 With them the States are everything, the nation is nothing, ex- 
 cept only as they find power expressly delegated. 
 
 When our fathers framed the Constitution they could not 
 foresee all the great events that have since come to pass and 
 
 -)89(-
 
 therefore, our Democratic friends search in vain for some specific 
 mention of the emergencies, we have been called upon to meet. 
 Finding nothing there written, they do nothing. It was for this 
 reason they could do nothing to suppress the rebellion, to recon- 
 struct the States to abolish slavery, to establish national banLs and 
 a national currency, to build our great continental railroads, the 
 Panama Canal, to foster our industries, or to change our standard 
 of values ; and it was for that reason that, at the close of our war 
 with Spain, they could go no further than the treaty of peace, that 
 was as far as they had found anything written in our Constitution. 
 They could do nothing that has been done in Cuba, because the 
 Constitution was silent about Cuba. It gave no direction for such 
 a case. They could take title to Porto Rico and the Philippines, 
 but they could not give them government, except only as it might 
 flow from the Constitution, which they contended did not fit the 
 case. 
 
 The Constitution expressly provides that Congress shall have 
 power to dispose of, and make all needful rules and regulations 
 respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United 
 States, but it does not say anything about Islands, and hence they 
 deny its application, and seem unable to comprehend that not 
 only is the provision general, but that without any provision, the 
 power is inherent in every independent sovereignty to acquire 
 territory, wherever situated, and as a necessary corollary, it must 
 have power to govern it, and it has power to govern, it must gov- 
 ern according to the necessities of the people governed. 
 
 The Republican party has no such trouble, it believes in the 
 Nation, and believes that the National Government has power to 
 do all that any other sovereign power can do. 
 
 We believe we not only have power to take but have power 
 to hold, and power to govern. We have acted accordingly. Our 
 work has been upheld by the Supreme Court, and vindicated and 
 justified by the results of practical operation. The lines of pro- 
 cedure have thus been clearly marked, and law, order, prosperity, 
 contentment and happiness, with love and loyalty for our flag, are 
 the constantly occurring results wherever it floats. 
 
 In consequence America is more respected for her power, her 
 wisdom and her humanity, than ever before in all our history. 
 
 It is in the presence of all this, with all eyes turned upon us, 
 that we are now told to turn back. 
 
 Are we to obey? Are we now to tell the world that we have 
 come to the conclusion that all these brilliant achievements are be- 
 
 -)90(-
 
 yond the constitutional power of our Government ; or that we 
 have come to doubt the wisdom of the policies we have been pur- 
 suing, and that in consequence, we have determined to abandon 
 the great tasks so happily conducted, and so nearly completed. 
 
 And if so, are we ever again to have the respect of anybody 
 on earth? Could we ever again respect ourselves? Could we ever 
 again claim a place in the conduct of the world's affairs, or ex- 
 pect any nation to heed our advice? 
 
 It was a great thing for this country when the Republican 
 party restored the protective policy and established the gold stand- 
 ard, for without this legislation our unprecedented prosperity, 
 wealth, power and happiness, would have been impossible. 
 
 But it was a greater thing when the Republican party as- 
 serted and established for all time that this nation has all the 
 pov/er that belongs to any other independent sovereignty, and 
 that among our powers is the power to acquire, hold and govern 
 as Congress shall prescribe, without making it an integral part 
 of the United States. 
 
 The Democratic paity is committed in this campaign to free 
 trade, against the express wish, and the express attempts of the 
 northern Democrats to get a plank in the St. Louis platform for 
 protection. Now what does the party say about the tariff? "The 
 tariff is a tax to the American consumer upon a competing pro- 
 duct. The tariff raises the price of competing products by the 
 amount of the tariff." 
 
 What is a competing product? And what is the tariff? The 
 tariff is a duty levied upon those things brought from abroad to 
 be sold here which our people have to use. Now these things which 
 the Americans need, for instance, but which they cannot either 
 raise or produce, are permitted by the Republican party to come 
 free. They are non-competing products. 
 
 You remember when the Democrats were in power there was 
 a tariff on tea and on coffee. The Americans could not raise these 
 articles. They were non-competing products and they were put up- 
 on the free list. But the policy of the Republican party is in- 
 variably to make any foreigner pay a tax who attempts to sell in 
 this country anything that an American has to sell of the same kind, 
 and that is the tariff tax. 
 
 Mr, Chairman, ever since the Republican party was organized 
 it has formulated its principles in a platform. The Republican 
 party went into power in 1861 with a clear declaration of princi- 
 ples set forth in its platform, and every campaign from that day to 
 
 -)91(-
 
 this the Republican party has had its National Conventions, which 
 gave out its platform so that the American people might know, 
 and understand, the principles for which it is contending. This 
 is as true in this campaign as it has been in any campaign in the 
 past, and as I have recited to you today these principles, you 
 know and fully understand the position of our great Party, and 
 what it stands for in this campaign and you know it will be true 
 to those principles, and they will be carried out, as fully as it has 
 in the past. I want to thank you for the pleasure of being here 
 today and adddressing you and when the Republican State Cen- 
 tral Committee assigned me to this pleasant duty of speaking here 
 today, memories of former occasions came back to me, as every 
 Republican looks upon your beautiful City of Aurora, and this 
 wonderful County of Kane, and the counties surrounding it, I 
 think of the wonderful majorities given by you to the Republican 
 ticket, in former campaigns. It is an inspiration to any speaker to 
 come before you, and address you, and again I want to thank you 
 for the high compliment and for the privilege of being here today, 
 and I sincerely hope that every good Republican here, and in your 
 County, and the adjoining counties, in your district, will go to the 
 polls on election day and vote the Republican ticket, and thus help 
 the great cause that we represent. I thank you. 
 
 -)92(- 
 
 I
 
 MEMORIAL DAY ADDRESS DELIVERED AT 
 THE OLD CEMETERY 
 
 Robinson, Illinois, May 30th, 1918 
 
 Mr. Chairman, Soldiers of the Grand Army of the RepubHc, Ladies 
 
 and Gentlemen : 
 
 In all ages and among all people, since the dawn of civiliza- 
 tion the memory of the heroic dead has been held sacred. Their 
 memory has been perpetuated on monuments of brass and stone 
 and immortalized in verse and song. 
 
 Homer has sung of Ulysses and Achilles and the glory of 
 x\gamemnon in battle and a hundred generations, like the leaves 
 of the forest, have come and gone and the memory of those heroes 
 still live. 
 
 Over fifty years have been thrust into the traveled path since 
 the last sound of war's death dealing guns have died away, and 
 history has taken up to preserve what, by memory, has been for- 
 gotten, but the lives and memories of those heroes of ours are as 
 dear to us as in that day, and that hour, when all of our prayers 
 and all of our hopes were staked upon their success. 
 
 As it is the soldier of the Grand Army of the Republic that 
 we meet upon this occasion to honor and reverence — it will be 
 chiefly of him, and his acts and doings, that I shall speak. 
 
 When the great questions of that day had been submitted 
 by the south in mad fury to the sword, the bullet and the bayonet 
 — "who was he?" He was a peaceful, liberty loving citizen, who 
 came from the various walks of life. Some were farmers, some 
 were artisans, some were professional men, who came forward at 
 the call of their country, ready, if need be, to offer up their lives 
 upon the altar of their country that this government of the people, 
 by the people and for the people should not perish from the earth. 
 
 We follow them throughout all that terrible conflict, resolute, 
 calm, brave and uncomplaining, unwhipped in defeat and merci- 
 ful in victory, many times ragged, wounded and foot-sore, suf- 
 
 ■)93(-
 
 fering with disease and haggard by want. They were the noblest 
 example given by history of the true patriot and the true hero and 
 when the war was over what did they bring back? 
 
 They brought a flag tattered and torn by shot and shell, 
 drooping in sorrow for the fallen, but holding within its precious 
 folds the insignia of an unbroken sisterhood of states. They laid 
 at the people's door a Constitution whole in every part, but grand- 
 er that it was consecrated to a country whole in every part. 
 
 It was through the War of the Revolution that we gained 
 our liberty in 1776; it was through war that our country gained 
 her victories in 181 2 over England and settled forever the doctrine 
 that Americans could not be seized and American vessels interned 
 during a time of peace. It was through war with Mexico in 
 1846 that we settled the doctrine that American citizens and their 
 property should be protected on all of our borders and it was in 
 war that you soldiers of the Grand Army of the Republic cemented 
 the union of states and forever settled the doctrine that this is 
 ONE NATION and ONE PEOPLE and it was through war that 
 we liberated Cuba, Porto Rico and the Phillippines from the rule 
 and reign of Spanish tyranny in 1898 and it was through almost 
 constant wars for more than a century with the Indians on our 
 borders that we were able to extend our borders from ocean to 
 ocean and develop this wonderful country of ours as we behold it 
 today. 
 
 It was through war that this beautiful flag of ours was carried 
 to victory over all the fields of the Revolution — through all the 
 wars with England in 1 8 1 2 ; through all the wars with Mexico in 
 1846; through the war with Spain in 1898 and through the border 
 and Indian wars from the foundation of our country almost down 
 to the present time. 
 
 This flag has always stood for free government, free speech, 
 constitutional liberty, and floated over a Republic that had grad- 
 ually extended its borders from the shores of the Atlantic on west- 
 ward across the Allegheny, on through the valley of the Ohio, 
 on to the Wabash, on here to our beloved State of Illinois, al- 
 most, if not quite, the first state in the Union and at the time of 
 the Revolutionary war and the \Var of 18 12 it was almost a wild- 
 erness. We love to speak especially of Illinois, located almost 
 midway between the great oceans, \v'ith over six millions of people. 
 The first state in the Union in agriculture, the products of the 
 dairy, railroads and manufacturing, with Chicago the great dis- 
 tributing point, located on Lake Michigan, as she is, in the center 
 
 ■)94(. 
 
 I
 
 of the Great Lakes, the greatest distributing point for food and food 
 stuffs of any city in the world, and having twice the population 
 and a hundred times the wealth that our national government pos- 
 sessed at the time of its foundation in 1776. Illinois that produced 
 Lincoln, the great Emancipator, the Great Commoner, and the 
 leader of the people ; that struck the shackles from over four 
 miillions of slaves and promulgated the doctrine that this is a na- 
 tion, that a house divided against itself could not stand, but that 
 the Union must be preserved and you soldiers of the Grand Army 
 of the Republic, who went forth at his call in 1861 to 1865, 
 2,500,000 strong and over four hundred thousand of you offered 
 up your lives upon the altar of our country that this glorious Re- 
 public of ours, created and handed down by the fathers should 
 not perish from the earth, but should live forever. 
 
 Illinois, that gave over 250,000 of her sons to the cause of the 
 Union ; Illinois our native state in this her Centennial year of which 
 we are so proud, we love to pause and mention her merits par- 
 ticularly as she is the crown jewel in the arch of the Republic. 
 
 This flag that we love so well was carried on from Illinois 
 across the Mississippi, the father of waters, on to the great plains, 
 across the Rocky Mountains to the golden sands of the Pacific, 
 over 4,000 miles of the fairest country, over the freest people, the 
 best homes, the finest schools, and the prettiest churches of any 
 country in the world representing 48 states bound together by the 
 ties of constitutional brotherhood, baptized in the sacred blood 
 of our heroes from the Revolutionary War on down to the great 
 War now raging in Europe. 
 
 This flag floats over our Insular possessions, Alaska, Porto 
 Rico, and the thousand other Islands of the sea, embracing within 
 its precious folds, over one hundred and twenty millions of free 
 people, who meet today to do reverence to the soldiers of the Grand 
 Army of the Republic, as well as the soldiers and heroes who fell, 
 fighting for our flag in all the wars of the past. 
 
 Mr. Chairman : We are proud of the fact, as we strew the 
 graves of these dead heroes with flowers that through all the wars 
 of the past, in which the soldiers of our country have been en- 
 gaged, the wars have not been for conquest, or tribute, as those 
 now carried on by the great Central Powers of Europe against 
 our Allies with whom our soldiers are fighting. 
 
 Up to the present time our flag has been carried by our soldiers 
 in defense, and for perpetuation of this government of ours in 
 order that the people of the United States might enjoy the fullness 
 
 -)95(-
 
 of her Republican Institutions as handed down by the fathers of 
 our country. 
 
 It had been carried so well and its soldiers had been so true 
 to its cause, that it waxed over, not only the freest and most inde- 
 pendent government upon earth but the most powerful, the strong- 
 est in all that goes to make up a great nation and we, as a people, 
 had just settled down into the belief that there would be no more 
 great wars ; that all the great differences between nations would 
 be arbitrated. It was my good fortune to visit Europe just before 
 this great War was declared and I was down in Switzerland when 
 a "Little Austrian Prince" had been assassinated by some Serbian 
 Prince, and Austria and Germany made this a pretext for declar- 
 ing war, not only against Servia, but against England, France, 
 Russia, Roumania and many other lesser nations, and this war 
 raged with all the fury, destruction and devastation of life and 
 property for nearly three years when the United States was com- 
 pelled, in order to protect her interests and the lives and interests 
 of her people to become a participant in this great European 
 struggle. 
 
 Germany had for a thousand years made wanton war upon 
 the smaller nations of Europe, and had levied tribute, not only 
 against those nations, and the cities and villages therein, but had 
 deported men, women and children, until the nations of the world 
 who were opposed to autocracy determined that this course of 
 pillage, rapine, murder and plunder should forever stop, and for 
 the first time in all its history this flag we love so well was carried 
 to the defense of democracy, free speech and the rights of mankind 
 to govern themselves by constitutional government, and as we to- 
 day meet around the graves of our fallen heroes, all over this broad 
 land we vow and pledge our dead heores that this flag shall never 
 be furled until German autocracy, German militarism, and plun- 
 der, rapine and pillage, as practiced by her for a thousand years, 
 shall be forever destroyed or her people, upon bended knees make 
 reparation for what they have done by restoring Belgium, France, 
 Roumania and Russia, in so near as she can to their former condi- 
 tions and by paying tribute to them for the murder of their people, 
 the deportation of their people, for ravishing their women, for de- 
 stroying their towns, their churches, their homes and everything 
 that is dear to them. 
 
 We have already sent over 2,000,000 of our brave soldiers 
 to assist the Allies in subduing the "Old German Kaiser" and his 
 autocratic and military rule, and teaching him and his followers 
 
 -)96(.
 
 that the law of nations must be respected ; that nations, small and 
 large, have their rights to enjoy their internal affairs, free from 
 the molestation of plundering Kaisers and autocratic and military 
 rule. 
 
 The flag of the Republic is now planted along the western 
 battle line of France and Belgium and the northern battle line 
 of Italy, and it will continue to wave there, backed up by more 
 than 5,000,000 of our brave soldiers who will cross the seas at 
 the call of our country to assist our Allies. 
 
 We believe the God of Battles is with us ; that our cause and 
 the cause of our Allies are just and that finally victory will perch 
 upon our banner and somewhere in Europe will be written a new 
 code of International Law, a new Constitution to govern all the 
 nations of the earth. I do not know the exact spot but time will 
 fix it and when that epoch arises in the history of the world and 
 the human race, it will be as enduring as the fields of Runnymede, 
 where the English people wrung from King John of England the 
 great Magna Charta, as enduring as the battle fields of York- 
 town, where the fathers of our country led the continental army 
 to victory in the Revolutionary War ; as enduring as the spot of 
 Appomattox where General Grant, the leader of the Union Army 
 accepted the surrender of General Lee and the Confederate forces. 
 
 SOLDIERS OF THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUB- 
 LIC : Our soldier boys now fighting, under our beloved flag led 
 by General Pershing, are going to accomplish for Europe what you 
 accomplished for the United States in the War of the Rebellion. 
 They are going to make Constitutional government and democra- 
 cy free the world over and help rid the world of autocracy and 
 militarism. 
 
 Already our Allies in the Old World are appreciating this and 
 are bidding them a hearty welcome as grateful as we gave to the 
 French during the War of the Revolution under the lead of that 
 great French Commander, General Lafayette. 
 
 We have waited a hundred and forty-two years to repay France 
 and Europe for assisting us, as a nation, to gain our independence 
 and we are now repaying, not only France, but all the nations of 
 Europe for the assistance we received in gaining our liberties. 
 
 SOLDIERS OF THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUB- 
 LIC : Your ranks are growing thinner, and soon you will all 
 have passed to that quiet borne from which no traveler returns ; 
 soon you will be called by the Angel of Death to answer to the 
 last roll call, but you will have this glorious thought that you left 
 
 -)97(-
 
 a country united and free ; that you firmly established the great- 
 est Republic upon the face of the earth ; that that country was not 
 only able to maintain itself and its sovereignty but was able to send 
 its millions of young men to battle in Europe under the folds of the 
 American flag to free Europe from autocracy and military rule, 
 and provide that all the nations of the earth shall have a consti- 
 tutional government and that in all the future the people shall rule. 
 
 And when we place these wreaths of flowers and flags upon 
 the graves of our fallen heroes it is in the belief that the soldiers 
 of the Republic now fighting in Europe under the banner of our 
 common country will be as successful as were you and the heroes 
 of our Republic in all our former wars. 
 
 The good work of decorating soldiers' graves with wreaths 
 of flowers and remindful flags is peculiarly appropriate as the 
 good women of our Republic can take a leading part as they have 
 in all of the activities growing out of the organizations of the 
 Red Cross, the Y. M. C. A. and similar organizations that are do- 
 ing so much good in helping the cause of our soldiers in Europe 
 as well as the cantonments in this country for in all wars as it 
 has been in church work, and the work of building up and caring 
 for the homes, women have ever taken the lead or an active part, 
 and so far as suffering and care growing out of war affects the 
 human family, the good wife, the mother and the sister in my judg- 
 ment endure more real suffering than does the soldier in the camp, 
 on the battlefield, in the hospital or the long march, and there are 
 many of the graves of mother, wife and sister that should be deco- 
 rated as many a mother, wife and sister have died of a broken heart 
 on account of their loved ones that have fallen on the field of 
 battle or on the long march, or from sickness and suffering in the 
 camp and the hospital, and the cradles that are rocked by such 
 mothers will never need conscript soldiers to defend her in her 
 hour of need. 
 
 But the graves of many of our patriot dead, who went down 
 to death in the rage and wrath of battle, are without monuments 
 or mark. Beneath the southern sunny skies, far from their loved 
 ones they slumber in peace, awaiting the Resurrection morn. After 
 life's fitful fever they sleep well, and although no hand of love 
 shall today deck their graves with flowers they are not forgotten. 
 In millions of patriotic hearts, incense sweeter than the perfumes 
 of flowers rise to their memory. They followed their country's 
 flag into the thickest of the fight and poured out their lives in its 
 defense. And side by side, the "blue" and the "gray", whose blood 
 
 -)93(-
 
 commingled on the field of battle, share with each other the com- 
 munion of the grave. And when the Angel of spring, with her 
 dewy fingers, annually returns to deck their mold she blesses them 
 alike with a common benediction. The same flowers blossom 
 where they sleep and exhale their fragrance above them. 
 "They who in mountain, hillside and dell, 
 Rested where they wearied, and lie where they fell." 
 
 And to you, their comrades, who have strewn their graves with 
 flowers, the task will be the more loving and sweetly solemn, as 
 the same inspiration led them that led you, but they came not 
 back again. Can it be said, in view of all they won, that they died 
 in vain? A nation, grander in prosperity than the ideal country 
 of which they dreamed, has sprung from the soil watered by their 
 blood. Their lives were needed to make full its measure of great- 
 ness, and with the thought it is sweet to die for one's country, for 
 greater love of country has no man than this, that he is willing to 
 die that his country might live. This is the high water mark of 
 patriotism, the sacrament of valor, whose expression has filled the 
 pulses of the world, from Thermopylea to Appamattox and they 
 gave all and won immortal honor. As we think of them let us 
 consecrate ourselves anew to the further upbuilding and perpetua- 
 tion of that for which they gave their lives. Let us ourselves 
 emulate and teach our children to emulate the unselfishness of 
 their patriotism and their devotion to liberty's cause. They had 
 the courage of their convictions, because of it the nation was saved. 
 We who live after them cannot do better than study their char- 
 acter, profit by their experience, and sustain what they won. What 
 we now do or say of them cannot sweeten the bitterness of the cup 
 from which they drank, cannot fill the aching void in hearts made 
 desolute by their fall. But it is not in vain if it shows to mankind, 
 as it must and will, that in America, they who fall, as defenders, 
 and in perpetuation of a government of the people, by the people 
 and for the people, cannot be forgotten. 
 
 The nation's Dead Heroes are a sacred trust, and the turf 
 that wraps their mold is hallowed ground, 
 
 O, patriot dead! No sum can now be made of your valor 
 that does not exhaust language of its tributes. No sum can be made 
 of your achievements that does not unfold the history of human 
 rights and human progress, the history of man and his destiny to 
 be free. 
 
 The art of man has constructed monuments far more perman- 
 ent than the narrow span of his own existence. Yet, these mon- 
 
 -)99(-
 
 uments, like himself, are frail and perishable, and in the bound- 
 less annals of time, his life and his labors must equally be meas- 
 ured as a fleeting moment. As the wonders of antiquity, the pyra- 
 mids attracted the curiosity of the ancients. A hundred genera- 
 tions, like the leaves of autumn, have dropped into the grave ; and 
 after the fall of the Pharaohs and the Ptolemies, the same pyra- 
 mids stand erect and unshaken above the floods of the Nile. But 
 the fame and glory of our Nation's Dead Heroes will never die. 
 And the monuments of free government and human liberty, pre- 
 served by their blood, will stand firm and unshaken above the 
 floods of time, when the pyramids have crumbled into dust. 
 
 May all peace and happiness attend you ; may we never for- 
 get your valiant service ; may history accord to each of you the 
 place of honor you each deserve is my earnest prayer. 
 
 "Unfurl the flag ; its ripplings waves of glory 
 Shall kiss the whispering wind and tell the story. 
 How a soldiers' blood, that gave it crimson hue. 
 Was shed for country and was shed for you. 
 
 And plant it 'bove the still and silent hosts 
 Of heroes that a grateful Nation boasts ; 
 There, 'mid the garlands that bedeck a grave, 
 A silken sheen of splendor let it wave. 
 
 And seek the silent tombs where rest the brave. 
 Who gave their all that starry flag to save ; 
 While over the mound that marks the soldier's bier, 
 Come, place a rose and let us shed a tear. 
 
 To memory dear we hold the valiant deeds. 
 Of those who answered to their country's needs ; 
 Who bared their bosoms to the tempest's blast 
 And to immortal fields of glory passed. 
 
 With grateful heart a Nation bows its head. 
 And placing garlands o'er its honored dead. 
 It bids us pause and cling to memories yet, 
 "Lest we forget," my friends, "lest we forget," 
 
 -)100(-
 
 ADDRESS DELIVERED TO THE SOLDIERS OF 
 
 COMPANY B, 130th, U. S. INFANTRY AND THE 
 
 AMBULANCE CORPS OF THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CHICAGO 
 
 Court House Yard, Saturday, August 11, 1917 
 
 MR. CHAIRMAN, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN : 
 
 I want to thank you for this honor in being privileged to ad- 
 dress you for a few minutes on this splendid occasion. 
 
 When I look around over this vast audience of six thous- 
 and people and see the manifestations of patriotism and devotion 
 to the great cause in which we are now engaged, and after wit- 
 nessing the thorough drill as well as parade, given by Company 
 B, both this afternoon and this lovely evening, I can say that this 
 reception of the Red Cross Society and the good people of our 
 city and county will be an inspiration to the Soldiers of Company 
 B, as well as the Ambulance Corps of the University of Chicago 
 in the discharge of their patriotic duty in the great European War. 
 
 Mr. Chairman : This will not only be an inspiration to Com- 
 pany B and the Ambulance Corps of the University, but it will 
 be an inspiration to our people of this city and county to do all 
 they can to assist in the prosecution of the great war that is now 
 going on in Europe, and I want to congratulate the good people 
 of the Red Cross Society for the splendid arrangements made by 
 them and the program of the afternoon and evening and especially 
 the lovely banquet given to Company B and the Ambulance Corps 
 of the University of Chicago, and we can see from the manner in 
 which the program has been carried out how well it has been re- 
 ceived by everyone present this evening. 
 
 This patriotic demonstration, on the part of our people shows 
 conclusively that the good people of Crawford County are heart 
 and soul with the soldier boys in this great European War and 
 are ready to give them all the aid and comfort possible in assist- 
 ing them in carrying our flag to victory. 
 
 -)101(-
 
 When this war began in Europe over three years ago no one 
 in the United States thought that the United States would be 
 forced into the war, but the conduct of Germany and her AlHes 
 was such that it seemed impossible for the United States to keep 
 out of the war and maintain her self-respect, her dignity and her 
 standing among the nations of the world. 
 
 The course pursued by Germany in destroying and sinking our 
 ships, and destroying the lives of the ship's passengers from the 
 very beginning of the war was so outrageous that President Wilson 
 entered protest after protest until finally Germany notified the 
 United States, as well as the other nations of the world, that she 
 had drawn what she called a "War Zone" around England and 
 her allies, and any neutral ships within that War Zone would 
 be sunk and passengers destroyed without notice. 
 
 This was Germany's ultimatum to the United States and gave 
 notice that she would not observe international law in allowing 
 freedom of the seas to neutral ships, and when Germany, in re- 
 sponse to the pleas of the President for the rights of neutral ships, 
 not carrying munitions of war, to enter the ports in any part of 
 the world, and laying an embargo upon our ships, and after hav- 
 ing destroyed thousands of lives, as well as millions of dollars worth 
 of property of citizens of the United States, the President laid the 
 matter before Congress and war was declared against Germany 
 and her allies. 
 
 Germany had been preparing for more than forty years for 
 this war and was only waiting for an excuse as she thought she 
 was strong enough to succeed by force of arms in making herself 
 the ruling power, not only in Europe, but in the world as well. 
 
 Germany had been a disturbing element in Europe, had built 
 up by her autocratic powers the strongest military government in 
 Europe. She had overrun Belgium and laid tribute to her cities 
 and villages, as well as parts of France, Roumania, Servia and 
 Russia. She had become a menace to all the nations of the world, 
 and if the United States did not enter the war we might expect 
 the same treatment as she had shown to her enemies in Europe. 
 
 Germany knew that the United States was a peaceful nation ; 
 that she was on "a peace footing" — that is, that she did not have 
 a large standing army ready at a moment's notice to engage in 
 war. Consequently, she thought that we were a nation of bank- 
 ers, shop-keepers, and chasers of the Almighty Dollar, but Mr. 
 Chairman, the people of the United States are fully aroused to 
 the situation, and what we see going on here this afternoon and 
 
 -)102(-
 
 tonight is going on in every county and every state in the Union. 
 The people of this great country of one hundred and ten millions 
 of people are fully aroused. You can hear the blare of the war 
 trumpet from Maine to California. On this question we know 
 no north, no south, no east and no west, but we are one nation 
 solidly united for the purpose of carrying on this war, and assist- 
 ing England, France, Italy, Russia and their allies in subduing 
 Germany and her allies in this great war, and doing away with 
 autocracy and militarism and restoring to the nations of the world, 
 a constitutional government, a government of the people, by the 
 people and for the people. 
 
 For one hundred and forty years our beloved country has 
 been enjoying the blessings of a constitutional government, and 
 during the Revolutionary War, when it looked as though our Co- 
 lonial forefathers might fail to gain their liberty in that great 
 struggle, it was the Republic of France, that came to our rescue, 
 and as the immortal Sprague so well stated it : "They came when 
 fathers were dying and mothers weeping over them, when the 
 wife was binding up the gashed bosom of her husband, and the 
 maiden wiping the death damp from the brow of her lover, it was 
 then that they joined the ranks of a revolted people and freedom's 
 little phalanx bade them a grateful welcome." 
 
 And now, after one hundred and forty years in which the 
 United States has grown in population, wealth, education and 
 all that goes to make a nation truly great, to be one of the great- 
 est nations, if not the greatest nation in the world, we are going 
 to repay the Republic of France the debt or obligation that we 
 have owed her since the founding of our ocean-bound Republic. 
 
 Mr. Chairman : Already the American soldiers and the stars 
 and stripes, are upon the battle fields of France, ready to assist 
 our French brothers in maintaining their Republican institutions 
 and in a short time we will have hundred of thousands, and in my 
 judgment millions more, if necessary ready to help them in main- 
 taining their liberty and independence. 
 
 Mr. Chairman : I believe that the God of Battles, who has 
 always been with the United States, since the foundation of our 
 glorious institutions, is with us in this great struggle to assist our 
 allies across the seas. 
 
 I believe that he will hover over this glorious flag of ours, for 
 it has never engaged in any contest, except for the right, for 
 justice and good government, and in this supreme hour, not only 
 of our nation, but of all the nations who are allies, he will help us 
 
 -)103(-
 
 and bring victory to our banners as he did in the past, and I be- 
 lieve that when the old German Kaiser and his allies hear the 
 music of the Union and sees that he has been mistaken in regard 
 to the feelings of the people of the United States, and that our 
 people are heart and soul in this war, he will call a truce, and this 
 will terminate in his abdicating, as did the Czar of Russia, and 
 the people of Germany will take charge of the affairs of the Em- 
 pire as did the people of Russia, and the war will end with honor 
 to the United States and our allies. 
 
 Mr. Chairman : In conclusion, I want to say that it has been 
 my pleasure to see the soldiers of many nations, that are engaged 
 in this great contest, I saw the soldiers of Germany, France, and 
 England, and have had the pleasure of seeing them in many of the 
 states of the Union, and it is with great pride that I state that the 
 United States will have the finest army in this great European 
 contest. 
 
 Our government is providing them with the very best guns 
 and equipment and the good people of the Red Cross assisted by 
 the army surgeons, and the ambulance corps and similar organi- 
 zations, will see to it that our soldiers, who may be wounded, sick 
 or afflicted, will be properly cared for, and receive all the atten- 
 tion possible from a sympathetic government and people. 
 
 In every noble cause, in every great contest in the world's 
 history, the good women have taken the lead and inspired the men. 
 "She was the first at the Cross and the last at the Sepulchre, and 
 it was only the other day in Russia, when the Russian soldiers had 
 lost heart and began to retreat, we saw the good women from the 
 Universities of Russia come forward and organize two divisions, 
 arm and equip themselves, and go to the front, and fight as he- 
 rocially for the cause of Russian Democracy and free government, 
 as any Russian soldier had ever fought, and we see by this action 
 upon the part of these good women of Russia, that the Russian 
 soldiers halted and turned upon the enemy and it is only a question 
 of a short time, in my judgment, when the German and Austrian 
 soldiers are driven back, as no power can withstand such patriotism 
 and love of country, as was expressed by these loyal patriotic Rus- 
 sian women. 
 
 Let the good work go on until the world is redeemed from 
 militarism, autocracy, and made a fit place for all the nations of 
 the world to live ; let us do away with the divine right of kings 
 and militarism forever. Let all the nations of the world do away 
 
 -)104(-
 
 with their standing armies and be placed upon a peace basis or 
 footing. 
 
 Let us in the future teach the youths of our country in our 
 Universities, our Normal schools, our Colleges, and our Township 
 High Schools and similar educational institutions, the doctrine of 
 preparedness, the manual of arms so in the future we may not 
 have to have these great training camps but that every able- 
 bodied youth in our land may understand the art of defending 
 himself, his state, and his nation. 
 
 Then the nations of the world will understand that the people 
 of the United States are fully prepared to defend themselves, for 
 in the future, in my judgment, the United States is to be a domi- 
 nating and controlling factor in the affairs of nations, as it has 
 been well said we have everything that is necessary as a nation, 
 except preparedness and should any other ruler assume autocratic 
 powers, in the future, the United States will be prepared to take 
 care of and defend herself, if necessary. 
 
 -)105(-
 
 MY EUROPEAN TRIP 
 
 I desired to visit the "Old World" and compare the civiliza- 
 tion of Europe w^ith that of the United States, as well as investi- 
 gate their institutions and their civilization. I also wanted to 
 cross the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel and the 
 Great North Sea in order to ascertain, for myself what could be 
 accomplished by the great navies of the world in these waters. 
 
 Accordingly, on the 26th of June, 19 14 my wife and myself 
 took our departure from Robinson to Europe by the way of Bos- 
 ton, taking the steamship "Amerika" of the Hamburg-American 
 line that sailed from Boston on June 30, arriving at Hamburg, 
 Germany on July gth. 
 
 The voyage was a delightful one, the weather being halcyon, 
 and on arriving at Hamburg we spent the first three days in sight- 
 seeing in and around Hamburg. This city has a population of 
 1,000,000 people, and it is one of the finest cities, not only in 
 Germany, but in Europe. It is very modern and up-to-date. 
 
 From Hamburg we went to Berlin, Germany, and devoted 
 four days to sight-seeing in this lovely capital city, and in Potts- 
 dam where the palaces and buildings of the Royal family are sit- 
 uated. Berlin has a population of nearly 3,000,000 people, and 
 surrounded by beautiful parks, situated in the center of a fine 
 agricultural district. Pottsdam, the home of the German Emperor 
 and the Royal family, is about twenty-three miles from Berlin, 
 and here is located the palace of the Emperor and the Royal fam- 
 ily. Pottsdam is surrounded by parks and royal gardens, which 
 are the admiration of tourists and visitors from all parts of the 
 civilized world. 
 
 While in Berlin on Sunday, we had the opportunity of seeing 
 the review of the army before the king's palace at high noon. 
 The review takes place every Sunday at 12 o'clock and is an oc- 
 casion for the congregation of thousands of people in the great 
 square, or park in front of the king's palace. The exact number 
 
 -)106(-
 
 of soldiers in the review I did not know, but there were several 
 thousand, and they made a good showing. 
 
 One of the first things that impresses a tourist in Germany 
 is respect for law and order exhibited by the Gei^man people, and 
 the high regard in which the soldiers and officers of the army are 
 held by the common people. The soldier and military discipline 
 is everywhere to be seen all over the empire. At every railroad 
 and every railroad station, at all the public highway crossings and 
 wherever the public congregate (where there is likely to be dis- 
 order or trouble) was seen the German soldier, and he is always 
 the personification of decorum, discipline and order, and regarded 
 as the friend and protector of the people as well as the Empire. 
 
 From Berlin we went to Cologne, and there visited the great 
 cathedral and exposition being held at that place. Cologne is a 
 lovely city on the Rhine, and here the tourists find one of the 
 finest views in Germany, in fact in all Europe. At Cologne we 
 took the steamer for Mayence, which embraces what is commonly 
 called "a trip up the Rhine". It takes all day to make this trip, 
 and it is one of gorgeous beauty, for on each side of the river, 
 clear to the top of the hills beyond, nearly all of the way, are the 
 most beautiful vineyards, orchards and scenes of beauty, and the 
 highest cliffs. Along the voyage the shores are dotted with old 
 castles, built from five hundred to one thousand years ago, some 
 of them in decay ; others in a high state of preservation as they 
 are now occupied, some of them by the nobility, others as bar- 
 racks for soldiers, others for hospitals, and again, others for rich 
 Americans, who have purchased them and maintain summer homes 
 there, one of the most beautiful being occupied by Mr. Adolphus 
 Busch, the great millionaire brewer of St. Louis. 
 
 The day we took this trip was ideal and the river Rhine, 
 the vineyards, the castles and all the gorgeous scenery never showed 
 up better than they did on this occasion, and it would take the 
 poet, with his poetic genius, or the artist with his brush, to portray 
 fully the beauty of this scenery, and in my opinion the Almighty 
 Hand and His workmanship is here more fully portrayed in its 
 fullest splendor than in any other scene it has been my pleasure 
 to visit or view. 
 
 Along the Valley of the Rhine for a thousand years, have 
 gathered not only the soldiers, statesmen and warriors of Europe, 
 but the poets, artists and historians of the world, and today it is 
 the ambition of every American citizen, who has the time and the 
 means at his disposal, to visit the Rhine and study its civiliza- 
 
 -)107(-
 
 tion ; for here in my judgment, more than any other place can be 
 gathered the aspirations, ambitions, hopes and desires of the 
 human race. 
 
 From the Rhine and Mayence, we went to Wiesbaden, Ger- 
 many, which is a great heahh resort, not only of the German peo- 
 ple, but of all Europe. This is a lovely city of about 140,000 peo- 
 ple, and has more fine hotels, parks and gardens than any other 
 city of similar size. In these hotels are gathered the retired gen- 
 erals, merchants, bankers, statesmen and all those who desire the 
 curative properties of the waters, either by drinking, or in the 
 baths, as these waters are more pleasant and palatable to the taste 
 than are those of any other similar waters, having like curative 
 powers, and for this reason Wiesbaden is one of the richest and 
 most prosperous health resorts in Europe. It is so delightful, and 
 the waters and baths so refreshing, that we spent five days at this 
 health resort, recuperating, and while here the International Med- 
 ical Association held its meeting and more than 5,000 physicians 
 were in attendance. From here we went to Switzerland to try 
 the more ardous duties of the tourists, consisting largely of moun- 
 tain climbing and traversing the lakes and valleys. We went to 
 Berne first, the capital of Switzerland, which is a lovely city, and 
 at which place was being held die great Swiss exposition. From 
 Berne we went to Interlaken, and the Jungfrau, as the last named 
 place is one of the most beautiful as well as one of the highest 
 mountains in Switzerland. Its crest is covered with perpetual 
 snow, while the valley beneath is almost perpetual summer. Inter- 
 laken is a beautiful city located on the lake of the same name, and 
 at the base of Jungfrau mountain, which is one of the highest 
 mountains of the Alps. Here, I performed one of the principal 
 stunts of climbing the Jungfrau and partaking of the snow on its 
 crest, and with my field glass, looked over the city below the lake, 
 and the valley beyond, as this is regarded as one of the finest views 
 in all S\v'itzerland. No tourist can well afford to make the trip 
 to Switzerland and not climb to the top of the Jungfrau and com- 
 mune with nature as it is spread out before his eyes in all its 
 gradeaur. 
 
 From here we went to Lucerne and Lake Lucerne, Switzer- 
 land, over the Jungfrau or Bernig railroad (a railroad above the 
 clouds) running over precipices and chasms from five hundred 
 to one thousand feet high, seemingly straight douTi, and from the 
 car it seemed suspended in mid-air. I only made this trip once 
 and do not "hanker" after another trip over it, for it is enough 
 
 -)108(-
 
 to give a fellow, from the rolling prairies of Illinois, unacquainted 
 with these railroads running in such high altitudes, a touch of 
 heart failure to cross the Alps on these cog railroads, built almost 
 especially for tourists ; for here it is estimated that 1 50,000 Amer- 
 ican tourists climb this mountain of the Jungfrau and traverse this 
 Jungfrau railroad and perform the other stunts required of the 
 tourists many times every year. 
 
 Lucerne, Switzerland, situated on Lake Lucerne, as it is, 
 in my judgment, the fairest and prettiest place in all Switzerland. 
 Here we found residing men of wealth and leisure from all parts 
 of the civilized world, and many, especially from our own city 
 of Chicago and I had the pleasure of making a trip on the lake 
 with one of them, who had been formerly a Member of the Board 
 of Trade in Chicago, and having retired, he had gone to spend 
 the remainder of his life in Lucerne. I thought it would be a 
 great pleasure to the readers of the Argus to hear this gentleman 
 descant on the beauties of Lucerne, Lake Lucerne and of Switzer- 
 land generally. If I ever change my residence from Robinson it 
 will be for the purpose of spending the evening of my days among 
 the tranquil shades of Lake Lucerne and in its lovely valley. We 
 spent three days at Lake Lucerne, taking the trips from this point 
 that are usually taken by the tourists. Here we visited the land of 
 William Tell, and the monument erected to the memory of him, 
 as well as the spot of ground on which Tell shot die apple at the 
 command of the tyrant, Gessler. 
 
 PVom Switzerland we went to Paris, France, and spent four 
 days there visiting the sights and places of interest in and around 
 Paris. In order to have a proper conception of Paris, and its 
 environments it is necessary to first visit the Eiffel Tower and 
 from its height view the city and the surrounding country with the 
 field glass, as Paris is located along the river Seine. On either 
 side of it is one of the loveliest valleys in France. From this point 
 one can get a good view of the city, its palaces, buildings, parks, 
 gardens and all that goes to make Paris the gayest capital of Europe, 
 and the most lovely city of the world. 
 
 Here we took the usual tourist tours, visiting the city, its 
 public buildings, monuments, art galleries and places of interest ; 
 also the palaces at Versailles, as well as the fortifications twenty- 
 three miles out from the city, as after the Franco-Prussian War in 
 1870 France immediately began to fortify Paris so she could re- 
 sist, or withstand, another siege in case of invasion by a hostile 
 army. In my judgment these fortifications are impregnable, and 
 
 -)109(-
 
 in the light of subsequent events, I feel that the German army will 
 find greater obstacles than they had expected in taking them. No 
 money or expense has been spared in perfecting them, and having 
 them made so strong that an invading army could not again scale 
 them. 
 
 While here, war was declared between Austria and Servia, and 
 the war clouds began to gather between Crermany, Russia and 
 France. I thought it best to hurry our trip and finish our visit 
 through the continent. Accordingly, we departed from Paris to 
 London by way of Liege and Brussels through Belgium ; and 
 Rotterdam, The Hague and Amsterdam, through Holland ; we 
 having passed through Liege only a few days before the armies 
 of Germany began besieging that place, and the war, that is now 
 raging, had actually begun. 
 
 Liege was one of the most beautiful cities of its size that it 
 was my pleasure to visit, containing a population of about 150,000 
 people, and being in every way modern and up-to-date, with many 
 manufacturing plants. All the way from Paris, through Belgium 
 and Holland, the greatest prosperity prevailed ; and all the way 
 through the country the harvest, consisting of barley, rye, oats and 
 the general forage, was being cut and shocked, and in e\'cry field 
 where the harvest was being taken care of men and women were 
 working together, as all over Europe the women work in the fields 
 side by side with the men. 
 
 That too much cannot be said in favor of "Little Belgium" 
 and its frugal and industrious people, and also the same can be 
 said of Holland, for situated, as they are, along the North Sea, 
 their soil is the richest, and their climate is the best and most fav- 
 orable to the production of the best farm products, and it is a 
 pity that the great "War Lord and Emperor" of Germany could 
 not have seen fit to pei^mit these two prosperous little countries 
 to continue the progress they have made, for Brussels, Belgium, 
 has about 600,000 people and here is made the laces and carpets, 
 and the beautiful articles our ladies so much admire. 
 
 Rotterdam, on the North Sea, and at the mouth of the Rhine, 
 is one of the great harbors, and shipping points on the North Sea, 
 and the Emperor of Germany has had his eye upon this point 
 and by securing it to have an outlet through the Rhine to the 
 North Sea for more than forty years, and if he could secure Rot- 
 terdam and Amsterdam in Holland and Ostend in Belgium he 
 would have control of the southeast shores of the North Sea. 
 
 The Emperor of Germany, is claimed, first planned to march 
 
 -)110(-
 
 his army through Holland to meet the French and Russians, but 
 as soon as Queen Wilhelmina of Holland was informed of his 
 plans, she at once notified him that if he did, she would open 
 the dykes and turn the water in on her country nine feet deep. 
 As soon as he received this message from the queen, he changed 
 the itinerary of his army through Belgium, consequently "Poor 
 Little Belgium" has had to take the blunt of the war along the 
 shores of the North Sea. 
 
 We spent three days in Amsterdam and Rotterdam, Holland, 
 and visited the cities along the North Sea, and in my judgment as 
 great progress has been made in building up the North Sea coun- 
 try and the cities of Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Ostend as in 
 any other I had the pleasure of visiting. 
 
 Along the North Sea is situated the beautiful city of The 
 Hague. It lies in the peaceful dominion of the Queen of Holland. 
 Here only a short time ago, gathered the crowned heads of Europe, 
 or their representatives and organized "The Hague Tribunal" — 
 and it was thought then we would never have another great war, 
 that all great international questions would be settled by arbi- 
 tration, and many essays on peace and brotherly love among the 
 nations of the world were read before the Tribunal, and especial- 
 ly, one that covered the entire subject by Mr. Andrew Carnegie, 
 the donor of this great Palace, or Temple of Peace, and some of 
 the nations began "to beat their spears into pruning hooks", and 
 get ready for the millennium that was coming. But, alas ! The 
 "War Lords of Europe", with their immense standing armies 
 and great navies, could not content themselves to disband their 
 armies and cease building their great battleships, and as a result 
 /nearly all of Europe is in the throes of the greatest and most 
 bloody and most cruel war that the history of the civilized world 
 ever recorded. 
 
 From the continent we crossed over to London, and from there 
 took the Great Eastern Railroad along the eastern coast of Eng- 
 land, passing through the beautiful farms and cities to Edin- 
 burgh, Scotland. The country through which we passed showed 
 the greatest prosperity, the harvests were ripe and were being 
 gathered, and the whole country was alive to the great war that 
 was being waged between the allies, including their country on 
 one side, and Germany, and its allies on the other side. Conditions 
 in Scotland were fully as exciting and the interest as great and 
 intense as in England. We found Scotland a wonderful country. 
 Edinburgh the capital, is a beautiful city and old in romance, 
 
 -)lll(-
 
 castles and literature. Here lived Walter Scott and in Edinburgh 
 Castle were enacted many of the great scenes and incidents of his- 
 tory. Here was the birth place of the Poet Robert Burns, whose 
 poems have been the delight of all the people of the world. 
 
 From Edinburgh we went through the highlands and visited 
 Trossacks, Sterling Castle, and where Roderick Dhue, Rob Roy, 
 the Clan McAlpine and many other Highland clans held sway for 
 centuries. 
 
 From there to Glascow, Scotland, and there spent a Scotch 
 Sunday — In other words, for the first time, after leaving our own 
 beloved country, we found a country that observed the Holy Sab- 
 bath Day — that every place of business, except hotels and restau- 
 rants, were absolutely closed, not even an automobile, or a bicycle 
 could be seen, and even the sound of the bag-pipe and the tramp 
 of the soldier was suspended for the, day. I think Scotland is a 
 wonderful country and is intensely loyal to England, and is as- 
 sisting the mother country in every way possible in the prosecu- 
 tion of the great war against Germany and her allies. The Scotch 
 soldier is the most unique on account of his dress and the music 
 (bag-pipe) as well as bearing, that it was my pleasure to see. 
 
 From here we crossed over into Belfast, Ireland, the great 
 shipbuilding town in Ireland, and one of the greatest, except Glas- 
 cow, in the English Empire, or the world. Belfast is a beautiful 
 progressive city, and on account of her ship-building industries 
 her great harbor has made wonderful progress. 
 
 From here we went to Dublin, the capital, and the oldest town 
 in Ii-eland. While Dublin is a beautiful city of 341,000 people; 
 she has not prospered on account of her location like Belfast and 
 many other of the larger cities in the English Isles. The country 
 around Dublin is a fine agricultui-al country, and after viewing 
 tiie same we could at once understand what had maintained Ire- 
 land through all her adversities, and why the landlords, who own 
 these fine fanns, had so fearfully oppressed the Irish people for 
 centuries. But there is a brighter day for Ireland. The feeling 
 that England is going to be more liberal. One result of this great 
 European War, in my judgment, will be the liberation, not only of 
 Ireland from its thraldom to England, but of Poland to Russia, 
 and, in fact, all the colonial possessions of these great monarchies 
 will receive more liberal treatment, for the time has come when all 
 these colonies are going to demand a home government, or the 
 management of their own domestic affairs. 
 
 The day before we arrived in Ireland, the great Irish leader in 
 
 -)112(-
 
 Parliament, John Redmond, had dehvered a speech to the soldiers, 
 and presented the colors to an Irish regiment, and in his address he 
 stated that while in Parliament he assured the mother country that 
 if Ireland could get "Home Rule", England could withdraw her 
 army from Ireland and she would have no more loyal people in 
 her Dominion than those of Ireland. Everywhere, and in all the 
 Irish newspapers the sentiment was taken up, and Ireland was 
 recruiting an army of 100,000 to go to the front and assist the 
 English Army and its Allies in the War. 
 
 I learned the next day all the ships sailing between Dublin 
 and England, as well as the railroads, would be taken over by the 
 government for the purpose of carrying these soldiers and the 
 provisions and munitions of war to the scenes of war. Consequent- 
 ly, we took the first train for London, and found that if we had 
 not, we would have . had to remain in Dublin, as no ship sailed 
 from there with passengers from that time until the time we sailed 
 from Liverpool, on August i8th, 19 14, for home. 
 
 We crossed the English Channel over into Wales, and here I 
 would liked to have remained for a few days visiting the points of 
 interest in Wales, as my ancestors came from that country before 
 the Revolutionar/ War, but I only had the pleasure of seeing 
 Wales from the car window. We passed through several beauti- 
 ful cities, and saw several castles, but in so far as I know, I saw 
 none of my people. 
 
 We arrived at London on the 7th of August, and spent the 
 time betweeen this and the i8th in seeing the sights of London — 
 Windsor Castle, W'estminster Abbey, and other celebrated places in 
 and around London. \Ve stopped at the "Charring Cross Hotel", 
 London, which is the largest railroad hotel, situated in the central 
 part of London, and from which point the soldiers embarked for 
 the war. The soldiers that came from Scotland and England were 
 mobilized in Kensington Park in the City of London. I went out 
 to the Park many times to see them and secure such information 
 as I could in regard to their condition, their loyalty, and found 
 that they were fully as loyal to the government and in as good 
 condition as any soldiers I had seen in our travel. 
 
 I ascertained, as soon as war was declared between England 
 and Germany that all the ships and railroads were taken over by 
 the government, consequently, there was nothing for us to do but 
 wait until the soldiers in England and the provisions and muni- 
 tions of war were delivered by them to the front, before we would 
 be able to secure a ship that would sail for the United States. 
 
 -)113(-
 
 The ship we had return transportation on— "Amerika"- — was off, 
 and we immediately appHed to the different steamship offices, and 
 finally secured passage on the steamship "Andania" that sailed 
 from Liverpool to Montreal, Canada, on August i8, 1914. We 
 would not have been able to secure this ship, when we did, but 
 England wanted her Canadian soldiers that were stationed at 
 Montreal and Quebec, and she sent this ship to bring more than 
 30,000 of her Canadian soldiers back. 
 
 The "Andania" was a very pretty ship of about 14,000 tons 
 and all her passengers were tourists, and all equally as glad to 
 secure accommodations and have this opportunity to return to 
 our own beloved country, as we were. 
 
 While the "Andania" was a small ship she did her best to 
 make it pleasant for all the tourists. She sailed under adverse 
 circumstances. There was only one port from England that was 
 at all safe for her to enter and sail from, and that was Liverpool. 
 Shortly after we had left the docks we were overhauled by an 
 English war vessel and notified to put tarpaulins over the lights 
 in the holds of the ship and during the eight days, until the ship 
 was safely in the Gulf of St. Lawrence they had no lights on the 
 upper decks, no flag and the smoke stack, that was white, rimmed 
 in imitation of gold, was painted a drab color. The ship changed 
 her course several hundred miles north of the usual course ; trav- 
 eled up through the North Sea among the icebergs, the whales 
 and past the coast of Labrador, through the Straits of Belle Isle 
 into the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and to Quebec, and Montreal, 
 Canada. The ship was billed to land at Boston. 
 
 It was a great trip. There was no sound of revelry by night, 
 except one evening a theatrical troupe that was on the ship gave 
 an entertainment in the lower dining room from which no lights 
 could be seen on the decks. 
 
 We enjoyed the trip immensely, and now we are at home, 
 safe among our people it is a great pleasure for me to look over 
 the map of Europe where the scenes of war are taking place, and 
 know the conditions and the general topography of the country, 
 as the battles that have occurred up to the present time are in and 
 around the cities and countries we visited. 
 
 -)114(-
 
 TRIBUTE TO JUDGE WILLIAM C. JONES 
 
 MAY IT PLEASE THE COURT: 
 
 As an ardent personal admirer, and business partner of our 
 lamented dead, I claim the privilege of adding my tribute of 
 humble respect to his memory, and of joining in the general ex- 
 pression of sorrow that he has gone from this bar. 
 
 Death, at all times, is an instructive monitor, as well as a 
 mournful messenger ; but when his fatal shaft hath stricken down 
 a loved friend, a faithful, staunch and earnest business associate, 
 how doubly impressive the lesson that it brings home to the heart, 
 that the grave is the common lot of all, the great leveler of all 
 earthly distinctions. But at the same time we are taught that 
 in one sense the good and great can never die ; for the memory 
 of their virtues and their bright example will live through all com- 
 ing time in an immortality that blooms beyond the grave. The 
 consolation of this thought may claim our sorrow ; and in the 
 language of one of our own poets it may be asked : 
 
 "Why weep ye, then, for him, who having run 
 The bound of man's appointed years at last ; 
 Serenely to his final home has passed ; 
 While, the soft memory of his virtues 
 Yet lingers, like twilight hues when the bright sun has set?" 
 
 It would be doing no injustice. Your Honor, to the living or 
 the dead to say that no better specimen of the true American 
 character can be found in our history than that of Judge Jones. 
 
 With no especial advantage of birth, or fortune, he won his 
 way by the efforts of his own genius to high distinction and honor, 
 ardently attached to his profession of the law, and devoutly be- 
 lieving with the great founder of the common law. Sir William 
 Blackstone, that law is the "golden chain that binds the Universe 
 to the throne of God." Law with him was both a passion and a senti- 
 ment, a passion that gave energy to his ambition and a sentiment 
 that pervaded all his thoughts and actions, concentrating them 
 
 -)115(-
 
 upon his profession as the idol of his heart. 
 
 The bold and manly frankness in the expression of his opinion 
 which always characterized him, has often been the subject of re- 
 marks, and in all his victories at the bar, or in the political arena, 
 it may truthfully be said he never "Stooped to conquer". 
 
 Imperishably associated as his name has been for more than 
 forty years, with every great movement in this City and County, 
 affecting their conditions, looking to their development and the 
 betterment of the people, and their conditions, it is difficult to 
 realize that he is indeed gone forever. It is difficult to feel that 
 we shall see no more his noble form within these halls of justice ; 
 that we shall hear no more his eloquent tones ; we shall see him no 
 more ; the memory and the fruits of his services alone remain to 
 us. Sympathizing as we do deeply with his family and friends, 
 yet private affliction is absorbed in the general sorrow. The 
 spectacle of a whole community lamenting the loss of a great and 
 good man, is far more touching than any manifestation of private 
 grief. 
 
 In speaking of the loss to this bar of one of its most prom- 
 inent members, I will not attempt to describe the universal burst 
 of grief with which the City of Robinson and Crawford County 
 and adjoining counties received these tidings, when they knew 
 that the pillar of fire had been removed which had guarded their 
 footsteps for the life of a generation. 
 
 It is known that the loss of his sight caused him to abandon 
 the practice of the law, and for several years he could not take 
 an active part in business affairs. For a long time he hoped to 
 have his sight restored, but finally gave up all hopes. It was then 
 that he began to lose that interest in the affairs of life that had 
 characterized all his former conduct. He long cherished the hope 
 that the sight of his eyes would be restored and he could again 
 participate in the active affairs of life, but alas, year after year 
 passed and brought no hope to him. 
 
 After he was taken sick, his vital powers rapidly wasted, and 
 for days he lay patiently waiting the stroke of death. But the ap- 
 proach of the destroyer had no terror for him, and his pathway 
 to the grave was brightened by the immortal hopes which spring 
 from Christian faith. 
 
 There is a great lesson taught no less in the death than in 
 the life of every man ; eminently so in the case of one who has 
 filled a large space and occupied a distinguished position in the 
 thoughts and regards of his fellow man. Particularly instructive 
 
 -)116(-
 
 at this time is the event which we now deplore, although the cir- 
 cumstances attending his decease are such as calculated to assuage, 
 rather than aggravate, the grief which it must necessarily cause. 
 His time had nearly come. The three score and ten, marking the 
 ordinary period of human life had nearly been reached, he had 
 had a long and active life and full of years and honors he has 
 gone to his rest. 
 
 I would be pleased to go into my long association with him, 
 as a lawyer, as a judge, as a business partner and a friend, but 
 time and occasion prevent me from doing so. More than forty 
 years ago I went to the law office, a young law student, of the 
 late William C. Jones and his law partner, the Hon. Ethelbert 
 Callahan, and for more than two years I was in his office as a law 
 student. He was kind to me as a student and assisted me in 
 every way possible and it was while I was connected with him, 
 as a student, that I learned to love him and know his splendid 
 qualities of head and heart and how kind he always was to young 
 law students, and young lawyers. I could cite numerous cases 
 where he was kind to me as well as other young men when I began 
 the practice of the law in his court, and during the fourteen years 
 or more he was on the County and Circuit bench, he was always 
 fair, impartial and kind in his rulings and decisions, and in private 
 life he was equally as kind, true and devoted in all his friendships, 
 and honorable in all his business transactions. Robinson and 
 Crawford County are dotted all over with the evidence of his 
 genius and wonderful things he accomplished while among us. 
 
 His life was a poem and to the future historians will read 
 like a romance, for he was a loving husband, a kind father and 
 always devoted to his family, and true and constant with his 
 friends. "His word was as good as his bond", and whether as a 
 lawyer, a politician, a jurist, or a friend, everyone with whom he 
 was associated knew absolutely that they could depend upon his 
 word, and that he would be true to every promise he made. 
 
 YOUR HONOR, IT IS THEREFORE, with pleasure, that 
 I, as a member of the Committee on Resolutions, state that I have 
 fully endorsed the sentiments contained in them; that they are 
 only a modest expression of the feelings and sentiments of the 
 members of the Committee and, as stated, I cheerfully respond 
 to every sentiment contained in them, and sincerely desire that 
 they be spread upon the records of this Court as an imperishable 
 tribute to the memory of Judge William C. Jones, and his life's 
 work, and that a copy of these Resolutions be presented to his 
 
 -)117(-
 
 family to show them the high respect entertained of him by this 
 Honorable Court, and the Members of the Bar of Crawford 
 County, 
 
 RESOLUTIONS 
 
 WHEREAS, It has pleased Almighty God to remove from 
 our midst, the HONORABLE WILLIAM C. JONES, one of the 
 oldest and most respected members of the Bar of the State of 
 Illinois ; and 
 
 WHEREAS, It is meet and proper to commemorate the vir- 
 tues and hold up to the public view, the bright example of those 
 who by the uprightness and purity of their lives, and devotion 
 to the high duty of their calling have adorned and honored the 
 Bench and the legal profession; THEREFORE BE IT 
 
 RESOLVED, That in the death of the late lamented WILL- 
 IAM C. JONES the Bar of Illinois has lost one of its purest, 
 brightest and noblest ornaments ; the state an enlightened, intelli- 
 gent and eminent citizen ; society one of its most acceptable and 
 useful members; the City of Robinson one of its greatest bene- 
 factors ; his suffering wife and children a devoted and affectionate 
 husband and father ; and the community one who faithfully per- 
 formed all the duties required of him. 
 
 RESOLVED, That in commemoration of the many exalted 
 virtues of our departed brother, as a lawyer, as a jurist, a citizen, a 
 Christian, a scholar and a gentleman, we ask that this tribute to 
 his worth and expression of the loss sustained in his death, may 
 be entered upon the records of this Honorable Court, as a test- 
 imonial of our high appreciation of his eminent qualities as a 
 lawyer, a jurist, a citizen and a man. 
 
 RESOLVED, That a copy of the above Resolutions be signed 
 by the members of the Bar of Crawford County, and presented 
 to the bereft widow and each of the children of our departed 
 brother and friend. 
 
 -)118(-
 
 ADDRESS BEFORE THE CIRCUIT COURT 
 
 July 13, 1918 
 
 on presenting the Resolutions of the Crawford County Bar 
 
 and requeuing the Court to spread the same upon the 
 
 Records of the Court as an imperishable Tribute to the 
 
 Memory of 
 
 HONORABLE ETHELBERT CALLAHAN 
 
 MAY IT PLEASE YOUR HONOR : 
 
 The solemn duty has been assigned me of formally announc- 
 ing to this court the death of Ethelbert Callahan, and to present 
 to the court the Resolutions which the Bar has adopted expressive 
 of our appreciation and esteem of the deceased, and of our be- 
 reavement at his loss, and to ask that they be spread upon the 
 records of the court. 
 
 These are the RESOLUTIONS OF THE BAR : 
 
 WHEREAS, It has pleased the Almighty in the order of 
 His Providence to take from this life, our respected Brother, 
 Honorable Ethelbert Callahan, who for sixty years had been 
 a leading member of our Bar, and was an accomplished gent- 
 leman, always endeavoring to help young men and a diligent,' 
 faithful and successful lawyer ; and 
 
 WHEREAS, This sad event has stricken the wide circle 
 of his numerous friends, admirers and acquaintances in all the 
 walks of life with a profound and abiding sense of grief, 
 therefore, we, as Members of the Bar of Crawford County, 
 Illinois, feeling it our sorrowful, yet pleasing duty, to record 
 some enduring form of our affection, respect and admiration 
 for the lamented dead, his great ability as a lawyer and legis- 
 lator, and his integrity and uprightness in his professional life, 
 and for the estimable qualities which characterized him as 
 an honorable, energetic, enterprising, liberal and charitable 
 
 -)119(-
 
 citizen, and a Christian, and our s\Tnpathy for his daughter 
 and kindred in their bereavement ; 
 
 DO HEREBY RESOL\'E, That by the death of the 
 Honorable Ethelbert Callahan the Bar of the State of Illinois 
 has lost one of its most eminent and distinguished members 
 and Cra\N-ford Count>- and Illinois one of its most reputable 
 citizens and legislators ; and 
 
 BE IT FURTHER RESOLX'ED, That a copy of these 
 Resolutions be presented to the Judges of the Circuit and 
 County Court of Cra\s^ord County in term time, with the 
 request that an order be entered directing that they be spread 
 ufK^n the records of said courts ; and 
 
 BE IT FURTHER RESOL\'ED, That a copy of these 
 Resolutions be presented on behalf of this Bar .\5s0ciati0n, 
 by its Secretar\-, to his daughter, Mrs. Mar^- Callahan Mercer, 
 and also, to the newspapers of Crawford Count>', with a re- 
 quest that they publish the same. 
 
 A. H. Jones, Chairman, 
 
 George N. Parker, 
 
 E. E. Newlin, 
 
 P. G. Bradbury-, 
 
 J. C. Maxwell, 
 
 Committee on Resolutions. 
 
 In the performance of the sad duty, both precedent and 
 propriety will justify me in adding a few words, though but a few, 
 to what is expressed in these Resolutions. In any other manner 
 I might be j>ermitted to speak of Mr. Callahan, as he is kno\%'n to 
 everv* inhabitant of our count\, and to the Bar of our State, and 
 as he will be kno\sTi in our histon,- in all future time. 
 
 It was my good fortxme to become a law student of Mr. Calla- 
 han, who was engaged in the practice of the law with the late 
 lamented Judge William C. Jones. I entered their office in the 
 spring of 1873, ^^^ ^ ^877, when Judge Jones was elected to the 
 Circuit bench, I had the honor of becoming a partner of Mr. Calla- 
 han and this partnership continued until his retirement from the 
 practice in 191 1. In 1888 our firm was enlarged and Ausby 
 L. Lowe was added to the firm and from that time until Mr. Call- 
 ahan's retirement, the firm was kno^^■n as Callahan, Jones & Lowe. 
 
 And to show the high regard for his partnership and the sen- 
 timents held by Mr. CaUahan for this partnership, I wish to sub- 
 
 -)120(-
 
 mit the letter, addressed by Mr. Callahan to Judge Lowe and my- 
 self on the 24th of February, 191 1, which so fittingly represents 
 the grand and lofty sentiments expressed by him on his retirement 
 from the firm. I give the letter in full : 
 
 "Robinson, Illinois, Februan.' 24, 191 1. 
 
 "Hon. Alfred H. Jones and 
 
 "Hon. Ausby L. Lowe, 
 
 " "Gentlemen : — 
 
 "After long years of pleasant association, as partners, the 
 burden of eighty-one years admonishes me that it is time to 
 lay down the labor and care of an active business life. "Wheth- 
 er it is, or it not, prudent to do so, I do not certainly know, 
 but I have finally determined to retire from active practice. 
 To accomplish this purpose I this day retire from the firm of 
 Callahan, Jones & Lowe, and relinquish any, and all claim 
 to any business that shall come into the office after this date. 
 I shall, wherever I can, and particularly when requested by 
 either of you, assist in closing up any cases in which the firm 
 is now retained, or business in which we are now interested as 
 partners. 
 
 "Wishing you a very large measure of success in the 
 future, and with feelings of kindness and confidence tliat I 
 cannot express in words, I am, 
 
 "Very^ Truly and sincerely vours, 
 
 "ETHELBERT C-ALL.AH.\N". 
 
 The universal sorrow occasioned by the death of Mr. Calla- 
 han is intensified by those that have so recendy preceded it. The 
 arrows of death have been flying thick and fast, and have touched 
 many whose feet ha\-e trod the heights of earthly fame : and who 
 were very close to Mr. Callahan. Judge William C. Jones, Honor- 
 able Benson Wood, Judge J. C. Allen, Judge William B. Schol- 
 field. Judge IL J. Strawn, are among those who have recendy 
 passed away. They followed each other in such close succession 
 that the dying notes of one funeral dirge have blended \s-ith the 
 opening notes of the one which followed it. 
 
 The story of his career is a brilliant and uplifting one. No 
 one can contemplate it without becoming better fitted for the seri- 
 ous duties and grave responsibilities of life. "He lived in the fierce 
 light which beats upon the throne", and what he did and what he 
 was the whole country knows. 
 
 He was of splendid parentage and his youth was spent amons 
 
 -)121(-
 
 those modest conditions which have produced the best type of 
 American citizenship. He was reared amidst wholesome, Christian 
 influences, and around and about him were industry and frugality. 
 love of knowledge and devotion to country. 
 
 He lived for the last sixty years of his life in Crawford Coun- 
 ty, Illinois, and how well he lived and discharged his obligations 
 to society is well known by us all. 
 
 I have known him intimately since 1873 — living near him and 
 in daily contact for over 45 years — he was a leading member of 
 the Bar when I first entered his office as a law student in 1873, 
 and during the two years that I read in his office, I learned to 
 know him and love him as a man of this highest honor and legal 
 attainments and to appreciate his many kindnesses shown me, as 
 a law student, and afterwards, in 1877, when Judge William C. 
 Jones, his law partner, was elevated from the County to the Cir- 
 cuit Bench, it was my good fortune to become his law partner. 
 
 For thirty-four years he was my partner in business, and 
 during all this time I was associated with him daily. He was ever 
 ready, with his wise counsel and wholesome advice, freely bestowed 
 and never refused on request. I came to know him as he was. I 
 observed him during his period of labor at the Bar as well as in the 
 Halls of Legislation. I observed him under all circumstances and 
 conditions which fall to the lot of men. He looked upon the bright 
 side of everything. He was a firm believer in the theory that ev- 
 erything would right itself. He had faith in himself, and in the 
 people, and he devoted much of his time to the betterment of con- 
 ditions of the people in the City of Robinson, the County of Craw- 
 ford and in our beloved State of Illinois. 
 
 He was an untiring worker. He entered upon the trial of a 
 great cause with the most deliberate caution, after the most com- 
 plete preparation possible. He had every available weapon, of- 
 fensive and defensive, at hand, and knew what use he could make 
 of them. Thus equipped, doubt vanished, hestitancy disappeared 
 and the battle was fought to a finish, without the slighest appear- 
 ance of hestitancy or timidity or fear. 
 
 In 1875, just after I entered the office, with him and Judge W. 
 C. Jones, as a law student, he was elected to the 29th General 
 Assembly, and he served with great distinction, and after we formed 
 our partnership, he was elected a member of the 38th, 39th and 
 40th General Assemblies, and as a fitting recognition of his great 
 legal ability, he was made Chairman of the Committee to revise 
 
 -)122(-
 
 the Statutes of the State of IlHnois, and for four years he devoted 
 much time and labor, and his work had proven a great boon to 
 the legal profession, in classifying and rearranging the Statutory 
 Law of our State. 
 
 I wish especially to speak of "An Autobiographical Sketch 
 of Mr. Callahan's Life," as published by himself in 1915, in which 
 is included some of the more important events of his life as well 
 as addresses which he delivered on special occasions, which 
 show his wonderful ability as an orator and public speaker. 
 
 His manner was dignified, natural and graceful ; his language 
 sober and chaste, and his voice melodious and far reaching. He 
 did not assume an air of superiority, nor did he speak for the pur- 
 pose of self-exploitation, but because he had a message to convey 
 to his countrymen. 
 
 He was a man of deep and sincere religious convictions, and 
 derived consolation and strength in Divine worship. He united 
 with the Methodist Episcopal Church in his boyhood and con- 
 tinued a devout member to the end. Although a sectarian, he 
 was free from bigotry, and had a generous sympathy for all 
 churches engaged in the extension of the Kingdom for the Master. 
 
 In politics he was a Republican, and when the party was or- 
 ganized in 1856 Mr. Callahan made the first Republican speech 
 that was made in Crawford County in the Quaker Church, on 
 Quaker Lane. 
 
 His life was an arduous and eventful one, and to the future 
 historian will read like a romance, for he was a kind and loving 
 father, a devoted member of the church, and always ready to 
 extend a welcome hand to young lawyers, and members of the 
 legal profession, and whether as a lawyer, a politician, a jurist, a 
 citizen, a neighbor, or a friend, everyone with whom he was as- 
 sociated had full confidence in him, and knew that they could de- 
 pend absolutely upon his word and rely upon his promise when 
 made. 
 
 MAY IT PLEASE YOUR HONOR, It is therefore, with 
 great pleasure, that I, as a Member of the Committee on Resolu- 
 tions, state that I have fully endorsed these Resolutions, as read 
 and the sentiments contained in them; and that they are only a 
 modest expression of the feelings and sentiments of the members of 
 the Committee, and I cheerfully respond to every sentiment con- 
 tained in them and sincerely desire that they be spread upon the 
 
 -)123(-
 
 records of this court as an imperishable tribute to the memory of 
 
 HONORABLE ETHELBERT CALLAHAN 
 
 and his Hfe work, and that a copy of these Resolutions be pre- 
 sented to his daughter, Mrs. Mary Callahan Mercer, and the news- 
 papers of Crawford County for publication, to show the high re- 
 spect entertained by this Bar for him. 
 
 .)124(-
 
 ADDRESS ON THE OCCASION OF MEMORIAL 
 
 DAY SERVICES OF THE BENEVOLENT AND 
 
 PROTECTIVE ORDER OF ELKS 
 
 Elks Home, Robinson, December, 1914 
 
 EXALTED RULER, OFFICERS AND BROTHERS OF THE 
 BENEVOLENT AND PROTECTIVE ORDER OF ELKS, 
 LADIES AND GENTLEMEN : 
 
 We meet on this, the first Sunday in December of each year 
 according to the Constitution and Statute of our Order, as this 
 day is dedicated to commemorate the memories of our departed 
 brothers, and is known as "ELK MEMORIAL DAY." 
 
 We meet to pay our respects to them as in no other way 
 can we so fittingly and properly show our high appreciation of 
 our brotherly love and respect for them, and their virtues, and 
 good deeds performed by tliem in their lifetime than by meeting 
 on an occasion like this, and giving expressions of the high senti- 
 ments and devotion which we cherish for them, as in all ages, and 
 among all people, since the dawn of civilization the memory of 
 the fraternal dead have been held sacred. Their memory has been 
 perpetuated on monuments of brass and stone and immortalized 
 in verse and song, and wherever we go and in whatever land, and 
 under every sky, we find the same feeling, the same sentiment and 
 the same devotion to the sacred dead. 
 
 These ceremonies to our beloved dead are being conducted 
 in all parts of the United States. Today over 500,000 Elks in 
 their different Elks Homes, or Lodges, are taking part in these 
 ceremonies. The question is frequently asked by the uninitiated 
 why the Order of Elks was organized, what it stands for and 
 what it has accomplished. It seems to me proper on this occasion 
 when we are met to do fraternal honor to our departed dead that 
 it is fit and proper to inform those who may desire to know in 
 regard to these matters. 
 
 -)125(-
 
 First : It stands for all that tends to make humanity better 
 — its object is to bring about more social and fraternal relations 
 between the people of all sections of our common country and 
 to promote the principles of benevolence and charity. 
 
 The true Elk believes he has the best city, the best state, and 
 the best nation, and that he can help make his city, state and 
 nation still better. He believes in our free institutions, as estab- 
 lished by the fathers of the Republic, and looks with horror and 
 pity upon conditions as they exist in Europe and Mexico. He sees 
 Europe as it is today, governed, dominated and controlled by its 
 War Lords — its country laid waste by the most terrible war the 
 world has ever witnessed — millions of its young men being de- 
 stroyed, its beautiful cities laid waste by war, fire and famine, its 
 great palaces of art, its factories, its shops, its beautiful farms and 
 all that goes to make a country lovely destroyed in order that 
 some great War Lord may have greater power and rivet the chains 
 of tyranny the more securely over his subjects. 
 
 He sees Mexico in a state of anarchy, its country torn, rent 
 asunder by factional strife, the prey of the robber chief, and robber 
 baron, where might makes right, and robbery and pillage seems 
 to be the ruling passion — the fairest land beneath the sun, thus 
 misruled, misgoverned, no law, no order, but only chaos. 
 
 After viewing all this, and then taking an introspective view 
 of our own country made up of people from all over warring Eu- 
 rope, for here we have the Englishman, the German, the Russian, 
 the Austrian, and in fact the people from all these countries, and 
 we find that after being taken into our great domestic family and 
 made citizens they become good Americans and that the cause of 
 the unfortunate condition in those countries is that they are ground 
 down by the War Lords by military rule and the tyranny of the 
 autocrat. 
 
 Take the common people of those countries, and they are 
 peaceable, law abiding, generous and loving, and all they need 
 is such a government, such laws and conditions as we have here 
 in our own United States, and then cemented together by the 
 principles of fraternal love, benevolence and charity as taught by 
 the Elks in their lodges, their homes and their lives, unhorse 
 their war lords and do away with their large standing armies, strike 
 down their titles of nobility, and let the great common people 
 rule and those countries would be as prosperous, lovely and de- 
 sirable as ours. 
 
 When we look down the vista of the past and draw aside the 
 
 -)126(-
 
 curtain of 47 years since the organization of the first Elk's Lodge, 
 in the City of New York, there pass before us in panoramic view 
 the wonderful growth and development of our organization since 
 it was founded. We can stand in the shadow of the monument 
 of liberty enlightening the v/orld, erected in that great city, with 
 her arms outstretched to every nation and people, teaching the 
 doctrine as taught by the fathers of the Republic — that here on 
 these western shores of a new world is established a government 
 of the people, by the people and for the people, and that a gov- 
 ernment thus founded shall not perish from the earth. 
 
 We can see at once that this great metropolitan city of New 
 York was the proper place for establishing and founding this 
 great Order, located as it is on the shores of the Atlantic — the 
 great center of commercial and business relations with the West- 
 ern World, and the port of entry from the Eastern World in touch 
 with all modern conditions. 
 
 At the time the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks was 
 organized in 1867, a new era had dawned upon our western world. 
 It was after the War of the Rebellion from 1861 to 1865, after 
 the chains and shackles of slavery had been stricken from the slaves 
 of the south, after a truly free government had been established 
 in our beloved country and the people — north and south, east 
 and west — had been joined together under the 14th and 15th 
 Amendments to the Constitution of the United States forever 
 doing away with slavery and involuntary servitude. 
 
 The Order of Elks arose out of conditions that existed after 
 the War of the Rebellion in 1865, and was created partially to 
 remedy conditions that existed, not only in the great city of New 
 York, but in all the other cities of the United States, as prior and 
 during the Civil War there had grown up a feeling of hostility 
 and unfriendliness, not only between the business men and busi- 
 ness interests in New York, and other cities of our country but 
 there had become estrangement between the cities of the north 
 and the south and the east and the west, and it was the thought 
 and belief of the founders of our order that if they could have 
 their lodges organized in all the cities of the Union they could 
 bring about a more friendly relation between all sections of the 
 country, and disseminate the idea that the United States are one 
 nation. That state pride and sectional attachments are natural 
 passions in the human breast. That there is a nobler love of coun- 
 try, a patriotism that rises above all places and all sections ; that 
 knows no state, no north and no south. It claims no mountain 
 
 •)127(-
 
 slope ; it clings to no river bank ; it worships no range of hills ; 
 but it lifts the inspiring eye to a continent redeemed from bar- 
 barism by common sacrifices and made sacred by the shedding of 
 kindred blood. 
 
 How well the Order of Elks have succeeded and how faith- 
 fully the work has been carried on can be seen by the Elks' Homes, 
 for every lodge is an Elks' Home, and almost every city of import- 
 ance in the United States has an Elks' Home. Here in these 
 homes are gathered from all the walks of life the best blood of 
 the nation; here is the clergyman, the judges, the lawyers, the 
 doctors, the teachers, the bankers, the captains of industry, the 
 merchants, and the artisans from a hundred vocations of life, and 
 we love to see them as they gather, coming from the rock-bound 
 shores of the Atlantic on the east ; the golden shores of the Pacific 
 on the west ; the great inland seas on the north, and the Gulf of 
 Mexico on the south, yes, from every prairie, plain and valley 
 from all over our ocean-bound Republic, urged alike by one hope, 
 actuated by one resolve, that is to make and save this the grandest 
 Fraternal Order the world has ever seen. 
 
 As I have stated the first lodge was organized in the City of 
 New York in 1867, and from that time to the present the growth 
 of the Order has been the marvel of the age. We see it as it 
 spreads along the shores of the Atlantic, as it crosses over the 
 Alleghanies, and comes down through the valleys of the Ohio, on 
 west across the banks of the Wabash, down through the sunny 
 south and west across the Mississippi to the plains of Kansas, on 
 across the Rocky Mountains to the golden sands of the Pacific, 
 and wherever it has gone, it has been a blessing to humanity. 
 It has, by its benevolence, charity and administering to the sick 
 and afflicted, alleviated suffering ; it has relieved the oppressed ; 
 it has poured out charity with a bountiful hand, and at the same 
 time it has brought the great business interests of the east, west, 
 north and south together in fraternal greeting and speaks to the 
 people of the United States through its fifteen hundred Elk Lodges, 
 or Homes, and its membership of over 500,000, and its distribution 
 of over $5,000,000.00 in charity. 
 
 I think it is proper to state some of these facts today and 
 on this occasion, as our departed brothers have had a part in this 
 great work, and their relatives and friends are here today to take 
 part in these exercises and not only do honor to our departed 
 brothers and their memories, but say a word of encouragement 
 to the living and enlighten the people as to the great work and 
 
 -)128(-
 
 charitable deeds performed by our Order and its members. 
 
 Wherever the misfortunes of Hfe occur, and there are many 
 when we look over the past 47 years, such as destruction of life 
 and property by earthquakes, floods and fires, our Order has 
 given a helping hand to relieve the distressed and assist the needy, 
 as this is one of the fundamental principles of the Order. They 
 are always found in the front ranks in assisting and relieving the 
 distressed and needy of our country. 
 
 The great work accomplished by our Order in assisting to do 
 away with sectional feeling and bringing about a patriotic senti- 
 ment of brotherly love and reuniting all sections of our country, 
 and especially, between the north and the south, is best illustrated 
 by the Resolution passed by the Grand Lodge at its last Annual 
 Meeting at Denver, Colorado, in July, 1914, which reads as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 "WHEREAS, Memorial Day was established nearly half a 
 century ago setting aside one day of the year Vv^hen patriots living 
 were to pay the ti'ibute of love and honor to the memory of pa- 
 tiots dead. For almost fifty years, with gradually thinning ranks, 
 the survivors of the war between the states have annually laid the 
 ivy wreath, and the chaplet of flowers on the tombs of comrades, 
 while time has softened the bitterness of war until the Blue and 
 Gray now march together, each loyal to their memories but both 
 loyal to the same flag, as they instill into the hearts of another 
 generation the lesson of present patriotism. 
 
 "But the years, too, march on, and the veterans are falling out 
 of line. Each recurring Memorial Day lists additional thousands 
 as missing because 'On Fame's eternal camping ground their 
 silent tents are spread'. 
 
 "IT, THEREFORE, Becomes a vital question as to who, in 
 the years to come, will perform this labor of love, this patriotic 
 duty, and perpetuate this typical National Holiday. At such a 
 time Elkdom would not be true to its teachings if it did not rise 
 to the emergency. Loyalty is a cardinal principle, and love of 
 the flag an essential element in the Order, and holding to such 
 tenets we count it not only a privilege, but a duty, to volunteer 
 our services in carrying on through all the years the sentiment 
 and the services that marks Memorial Day. 
 
 "THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, By the Benevolent and 
 Protective Order of Elks of the United States of America, in Grand 
 Lodge assembled, that we tender our services as an Order, or in 
 conjunction with other Orders, to the Grand Army of the Re- 
 
 -)129(-
 
 public, and to the Confederate Veterans to the end that plans be 
 devised for the perpetuation of this HoHday as a day set apart and 
 consecrated to the memory of the patriotic dead. 
 
 "Nor shall their glory be forgot while Time her record keeps, 
 
 Or honor prints the hallowed spot where Valor proudly sleeps," 
 
 I take pleasure in giving this Resolution as passed by the Grand 
 Lodge for the purpose of showing that our Order is not only 
 interested in the work of benevolence and charity and promoting 
 good fellowship in all parts of our country, but it is engaged in 
 fraternal work and building up over our common country a patri- 
 otic sentiment of brotherly love. 
 
 At this last Annual Meeting of the Grand Lodge in Denver, 
 a petition was presented by the ladies of Lansing, Michigan, for 
 recognition as an Auxiliary of Elks Lodges, composed of mothers, 
 wives, daughters and sisters of Elks. 
 
 In their petition they state that they were organizing for 
 the purpose of assisting the Elks in keeping up and taking care of 
 their beautiful Lodges or Homes, and in assisting in taking care 
 of the sick and afflicted as well as the burial of their dead and 
 the work of benevolence and charity. 
 
 This petition was referred to the Executive Committee and 
 no doubt at the next meeting of the Grand Lodge, at Los Angeles, 
 California, July 12, 191 5, it will recieve favorable consideration 
 and then we will have the assistance of the good mothers, wives, 
 daughters and sisters of Elks in our work. 
 
 The thought naturally occurs when we think of our departed 
 brothers and of their mothers, wives, daughters and sisters as we 
 meet on this occasion to pay our loving tribute to their memories 
 how much nicer it would be if we could have their assistance in 
 conducting these services. 
 
 In this panorama before us we see the devoted mothers, wives, 
 daughters and sisters, who lost their fathers, husbands, brothers 
 and sons. These fraternal dead came from all walks of life. They 
 gave to manliness more of dignity, and to fraternity, to home and 
 all the ties of domestic life more of force and grandeur. We 
 can add nothing to the well defined and splendid fame of these 
 fraternal dead whose memories we cherish by these impressive 
 ceremonies, which are at once, both homage and inspiration. The 
 story tells itself in a way that the most brilliant rhetoric cannot 
 make more shining and masterful. There is more in it than ora- 
 tory can compass or poetry interpret. 
 
 After all has been said that the limits of speech permit, there 
 
 -)130(-
 
 remains the most untold. Their beautiful lives and the pleasures 
 they obtained in looking after and caring for those who are near 
 and dear to them, and the work of benevolence and charity, peace 
 and good will, carried out by them are more eloquent than any- 
 thing that can be expressed in words. 
 
 And to you, who have met to do homage to your dead broth- 
 ers, the task should be a sweetly solemn and impressive one. This 
 choice December spectacle is one of no ordinary significance. The 
 beautiful and tender custom of memoralizing our dear brothers 
 and doing homage to their memories is as old as civilization it- 
 self, and what hands and hearts are better fitted to perform the 
 loving office, than the hands and hearts of those who associated 
 with them in every day life, who touched elbows with them, not 
 only in the Lodge, but in the wider sphere of business life. Never 
 since the world was bannered with light and ensigned with flowers ; 
 never since the primal curse of death shadowed human heart and 
 hearth, was tenderer or more touching rite than this. 
 
 Nor can I leave this boundless theme, which widens before 
 me as I progress, without alluding to that duty which towers above 
 all others, both in the magnitude of its sphere and the command- 
 ing authority of Him who proclaimed it. Up through the long 
 procession of centuries our minds travel back to the sacred mount 
 where the assembled multitudes from Galilee, and Decapolis, and 
 Jerusalem and Judea, and from beyond Jordan, listened rever- 
 ently to Him who spoke as never man had spoken before. And 
 after that striking exordium of blessings, and the subsequent in- 
 culcations of love, of charity, of concord, of forbearance, of hu- 
 mility, and of prayer, He opened the peroration of that extra- 
 ordinary discourse which stands without a rival in the realm of 
 sacred or human eloquence, with that which he announced as the 
 embodiment and concentration of all : 
 
 "Therefore all things whatsoever ye would that men should 
 do to you, do you even so to them ; for this is the law and the 
 prophets." 
 
 Some there are who regard this comprehensive rule of action 
 and of life as paraphrased from that eminent and learned Chinese 
 philospher, Confucius, who, five hundred years before, had laid 
 down as a maxim that none should do unto their fellows what 
 they would not have done to themselves. But apart from the 
 broad distinction between the affirmative command of the one 
 and the bare negation of the other, the rule itself, thus laid down 
 on the Mount, is but a repetition and condensation of what the 
 
 -)131(-
 
 Creator had declared to Moses, in the tabernacle of the Congre- 
 gation, a thousand years before Confucius lived and died : "Thou 
 shall not defraud thy neighbor, neither rob him ! Thou shalt not 
 avenge nor bear any grudge against the children of the people". 
 And then, rising from the language of the prohibition of that of 
 command, here, in the same spirit as on the Mount fifteen cent- 
 uries after, the conclusion of the whole matter is, "But thou shalt 
 love thy neighbor as thyself." 
 
 Such my brothern, is the rule of all rules — it is the rule laid 
 down by our Beloved Order to guide our course through life. It 
 is the duty of all duties — the law of all laws — for human and fra- 
 ternal conduct in this wider world of ours. Now it sparkles in its 
 brilliancy, in contrast with the Iron Rule of tyranny, which teaches 
 that "might makes right". How it glows in the firmament, when 
 compared with what has been called the Silver Rule of the earth, 
 which bids you to mete out to others, as they have measured to 
 you ! Rightly has the whole civilized world recognized the inspired 
 command as indeed the Golden Rule. And if it is lived up to by 
 all on earth, what a paradise would it make of this globe ! May 
 it ever go before you as the pillar of fire of old, guiding your 
 foot steps as well as go\'erning your lives ! 
 
 None of us can live up to this noble lesson of life fully ; but 
 in striving towards this ideal you shall diffuse a genial sunshine 
 around you, which will make you, in many hearts, beloved while 
 living and mourned when dead. 
 
 "Earn names that win 
 Happy remembrance from the great and good — 
 Names that shall sink not in oblivion's flood. 
 But with clear music, like a church-bell's chime, 
 Sound through the river's sweep of on-ward-rushing time." 
 
 The art of man has constructed monuments far more perm- 
 anent than the narrow span of his own existence ; yet, these mon- 
 uments like himself are perishable and frail ; and, in the boundless 
 annals of time, his life and his labors must equally be measured 
 as a fleeting moment. As the wonders of antiquity, the pyramids, 
 attracted the curiosity of the ancients. A hundred generations, 
 have come and gone, the leaves of autumn have dropped into the 
 grave and after the fall of the Pharoahs and Ptolemies, the Caesars 
 and Caliphs, the same pyramids stand erect and unshaken above 
 the floods of the Nile. But the fame and glory of our fraternal 
 dead will never die ; the monuments of benevolence, charity and 
 brotherly love, left by them, and maintained by you, their broth- 
 
 -)132(-
 
 ers, will stand firm and unshaken above the floods of time when 
 the pyramids shall have crumbled into dust. 
 
 If death were an eternal sleep, and hope were buried in the 
 tomb, if, when life goes out, we could hear no rustle of a wing, 
 this beautiful rite, sacred to the fraternal living and the fraternal 
 dead, would be a mockery and a jest. But, on the morning of the 
 third day, when the earth quaked, and the angel of God descended 
 from heaven and rolled back the stone from the door of the 
 sepulcher, the greatest victory was achieved the world has ever 
 witnessed. He who fought the battle alone, and who said, "I am 
 the resurrection and the life, he that believeth in me, though he 
 were dead, yet shall he live : And whosoever liveth and believeth 
 in me shall never die", and to hide whose agony from mortal eye 
 the sun was veiled in deepest gloom of night, triumphed over the 
 grave, and delivered our bodies from the dominion of death. 
 
 And when we offer these sacred rites, whose beauty types im- 
 mortal bloom to the ashes of those we love, it is in token of that 
 hope we have, that they shall come forth from the cerement of 
 the tomb, wearing the nimbus of eternal youth. 
 
 "For then no more the blazing hearth shall burn, 
 Or busy housewife ply her evening care; 
 
 No children run to lisp their sire's return. 
 Or climb his knees the envied kiss to share. 
 
 The boast of heraldy, the pomp of power. 
 And all that beauty, all that wealth e'er gave, 
 
 Await alike the inevitable hour; 
 
 The paths of glory lead but to the grave." 
 
 ■)133(-
 
 TOAST TO THE DICKENS CLUB 
 
 Residence of Judge W. C. Jones, 1915 
 
 MR. TOASTMASTER, MEMBERS OF THE DICKENS CLUB 
 —LADIES AND GENTLEMEN: 
 
 I am very much obliged to your worthy Toastmaster for calling 
 upon me- — late in the evening — as I have had the pleasure of not 
 only enjoying the splendid feast served, but listening to the en- 
 tertaining addresses as well as the pleasant way in which each of 
 the speakers have been introduced by our efficient Toastmaster. 
 
 I have had the pleasure of attending many of the Annual 
 Banquets given by the Dickens Club and partaking of the good 
 things served, as well as enjoying "the feast of reason and flow 
 of souls", but never have I enjoyed myself more than upon this 
 lovely evening and this splendid occasion. 
 
 The first part of this toast — '"My impression of the Old Coun- 
 try" — would be a voluminous one to respond to, on a single oc- 
 casion. The situation is like that of a clergyman, who was sent 
 for in great haste, by a man who was very ill, and thought the end 
 was approaching. He said to the minister, when he arrived, "I 
 have been a great sinner, I am pretty sick, and I am afraid my 
 time is short, and I want you to pray with me. You must be brief, 
 but fervent." 
 
 Most of us, who sit at this table, and have enjoyed this 
 splendid banquet, judging from the opportunities I have had of; 
 hearing them discourse, fulfill the requirement of the great patron 
 saint after whom this Club was named — Mr. Dickens — who was 
 a great traveler, in that they have seen more than they have re- 
 membered, and rememberd more than they have seen. 
 
 My impressions of the Old Country, if I should give them, 
 as they now present themselves to my mind would be from two 
 angles, and I would view them a good deal, as the typical south- 
 erner viewed the south before and after the War of the Rebellion. 
 To illustrate it. A Northerner, who was visiting one of the Colonels 
 
 -)134(-
 
 on his plantation in the south was speaking of the beauties of na- 
 ture, as portrayed in the flowers, fields and running brooks, and 
 the beautiful sunrise, the Colonel, in reply says, "La ! stranger you 
 ought to have seen that sunrise, and this beautiful scenery 'before 
 the War' ". 
 
 My impressions of the "Old World" would be a good deal 
 like the southern Colonel's was in regard to the south. I would 
 want to divide the subject and speak of Europe "before the War", 
 and what I would say of it, "after the War". 
 
 My first impression of Europe was its lovely climate, its beau- 
 tiful cities, splendid farms and the thrift and industry of its people. 
 
 I departed from this country in June last. The weather was 
 most intolerably hot, the thermometer standing at 103 in the shade, 
 and as I am informed, it remained stationery here the greater part 
 of the summer. While in Europe it was from 80 to go degrees. 
 The weather was pleasant, the breezes halycon and not oppressive, 
 and I could understand why 200,000, or more of the people of 
 the United States, who had the time and mqans, at their disposal 
 visited Europe every year in order to enjoy the lovely climate there 
 and traverse that beautiful country and enjoy themselves in the 
 study of its civilization. 
 
 I presume it made the same impression on my mind that it 
 made on nearly every other American tourist. I had thought that 
 the lands of Europe had been farmed a good deal as the lands 
 are farmed in the United States, and that from long cultivation 
 of the soil were worn out, and that the public buildings and places 
 of interest in their cities, on account of age and long usage, had 
 become old and dimmed by time. But in this I was as happily 
 mistaken as I was in regard to their climate. They have for cent- 
 uries been building up the soil, and the farms produce better 
 than at any time in the past. I never saw such crops grow, not 
 even in Central and Southern Illinois, as I saw growing in Ger- 
 many, Belgium, Holland, France and the English Isles, and it 
 would do every American farmer good, and be an object lesson to 
 him, to visit the "Old World" and see what is being accomplished 
 by the people there in the work of modern agriculture. 
 
 And their cities have kept pace with their agriculture every- 
 where, and in every city, before the War, the public buildings, 
 business houses, residences, parks, gardens and grounds were kept 
 up in a sanitary condition so as to be pleasing to the eye of the 
 most fastidous tourist. 
 
 But notwithstanding the beautiful climate, the lovely cities and 
 
 -)135(-
 
 the grandeur of the rivers, mountains and valleys there is one thing 
 that appalls the American tourist and that is, their form of gov- 
 ernment. Everywhere militarism, and the power of the king, and 
 nobility predominates, and the common people have no seeming 
 right that the king, nobility and the army are bound to respect. 
 Only those who have inherited title of nobility, or great wealth 
 derived therefrom, have any chance in the battles of life, and for 
 centuries the common people have been ground down and op- 
 pressed by high taxes, to maintain the army, navy, king and no- 
 bility, and one great good that is being accomplished by the Amer- 
 ican tourists is disseminating the ideas of a Republican form of 
 government, and before the great European War was declared the 
 common people, who had been groaning under the load of taxation 
 from maintaining this form of government, were inquiring into 
 and studying our Democratic form of government. 
 
 One of the first impressions derived by the tourists in visit- 
 ing the "Old World" is the scheme adopted by the nobility and 
 the military departments of the government in educating the 
 common people to the necessity of supporting this form of govern- 
 ment. At all public demonstrations, in every theatre, picture 
 gallery and place of amusement the king, or monarch, is lauded 
 and his virtues proclaimed, and almost equal honors is shown to 
 their generals and those possessing high titles of nobility, and 
 the poor down trodden and oppressed peasant is taught to believe 
 that his only protection and salvation is standing by this form of 
 government and supporting the Priest, and paying tithes to the 
 church and being robbed as were his fathers for centuries past. 
 
 This picture, as drawn, in panoramic view is of Europe, as 
 I saw it before the War. When autocratic government and kingly 
 and military rule was at high tide, when the American tourists 
 were feasted, wined and dined, and every hotel, watering place 
 and pleasure resort was thrown open to him, and he was made 
 welcome. But alas ! how different after War was declared. 
 
 As soon as War was declared autocratic government, backed 
 by the military, showed its mailed hand, and the army, navy and 
 military rule was made supreme. The poor tourist had just about 
 as much show, it made no difference whether he was a Carnegie 
 or a Vanderbilt, or a poor "school teacher", spending the pro- 
 ceeds of his yearly salary abroad, as the peasant who worked, slaved 
 and toiled in the fields with his poor wife and his daughters and 
 slept in his hovel at night in order that his tyrants and oppressors 
 might reign supreme and enjoy all the luxuries of life. 
 
 -)136(-
 
 The tourist was robbed aftef War was declared between 
 England and Germany, France and Russia, in every way possible, 
 except in England, and to add to his indignities, he was refused 
 passage on the railroads and steamships, his passports ignored, 
 and he was treated as an alien and an enemy. 
 
 There were estimated to be 150,000 American tourists in 
 Europe when War was first declared. What a change came over 
 the country. Every railroad, every steamship and place of amuse- 
 ment was closed to tourist. The railroads and steamships were 
 taken over by the government to carry soldiers and provisions to 
 the scenes of War. Everywhere were to be seen soldiers and the 
 blare of the bugle and the music of the fife and drum were to be 
 heard everywhere, except in Scotland, where the music was the 
 bag-pipe. The Goddess of Peace had flown, and in her place was 
 substituted grim visage War. 
 
 But before 1 close my remarks in regard to my "impression 
 of the Old World", I want to go back and speak of the land of 
 Dickens, the City of London, the scene of his labors from his 21st 
 year, and where he embarked on his literary career, at first con- 
 fining himself wholly to the reporting of Parliamentary Debates 
 for the London Morning Chronicle Newsapaper. To this Journal 
 he presently contributed a series of papers, sketching off the social 
 characteristics of English class life, as presented by the middle and 
 lower sections of society at large. 
 
 In 1836, under the title of "Tales and Sketches by Boz" 
 (a nomdeplume), the above papers were collected into a revised 
 form and published in two volumes. The book proved a great 
 success, and was translated into many languages and conclusively 
 stamped him a master in the art of fiction, and an author of a 
 peculiarly original cast of genius. 
 
 A long and brilliant series of successes followed, extending 
 over a period of a quarter of a century and each adding to his 
 fame and fortune. I wish I had the time to give more fully a 
 history of his writings and the many different books written by 
 him, but time forbids. 
 
 I had the pleasure of visiting his last resting place in West- 
 minster Abbey, and reading the inscription upon his tomb, and 
 thus being assured that his name and fame will be treasured as 
 long as the English language is spoken, and the great deeds of 
 the English speaking people are recorded by the historian and the 
 novelist. 
 
 Dickens was a friend of the common people. He hated sham 
 
 -)137(-
 
 and hypocrisy, and in conclusion I want to say that in my judg- 
 ment no writer, or author, has done more to ameliorate and help 
 the poor class of people in England, and in the world, through 
 his writing and public addresses than has the great celebrated 
 writer, speaker and author— CHARLES DICKENS. 
 
 Is it not true, Mr. Toastmaster, that the wise ancients did 
 not praise the ship parting with flying colors from the port, but 
 only that brave soldier, which came back, with torn sheets and 
 battered sides, stripped of her banners, but had ridden out the 
 storm? And so I feel in regard to this aged Europe. With the 
 possessions, honors and trophies, and also with the infirmities of 
 a thousand years gathering around her, irretrievably commited 
 as she now is to autocracy, militarism, and dominated and con- 
 trolled by her War Lords in the throes of the most terrible War 
 recorded by history, her people weighed down by an enormous 
 debt, her young men being slaughtered by the thousands and 
 hundreds of thousands and disaster and ruin hovering over the 
 country, the fate of her monarchies, and her government, like 
 those of the empires of old, are being weighed in the balance and 
 found wanting, and must give way to a new civilization, a gov- 
 ernment of the people, by the people, and for the people. 
 
 -)138(-
 
 ADDRESSES OF A. H. JONES AND J. S. ABBOTT 
 
 DELIVERED AT THE DEDICATION OF THE 
 
 POST OFFICE BUILDING 
 
 Robinson, Illinois, June 24, 1916 
 
 MR. CHAIRMAN, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN : 
 
 I assure you that it is a great pleasure for me to be present 
 on this beautiful June evening — the music is inspiring — the beau- 
 tiful carnations are the lovliest at this season of the year, and this 
 splendid audience gathered here in front of this magnificient Post 
 Office building is indicative of the desires of our people to assist 
 in the dedication and make complete the program by the com- 
 mittee on arrangements. 
 
 As I stand here on the portals of this new Temple erected 
 by our great government, to accommodate the people of Robin- 
 son, and of Crawford county, in receiving and taking care of their 
 mail, my mind naturally takes in not only Robinson and Craw- 
 ford county, in which this magnificent Post Office is the center, 
 but it naturally occurs to me that here, in this scope of country, 
 for more than forty miles in circumference there is no other Post 
 Office Building erected by the Government. 
 
 We meet in a short time to celebrate the looth Anniversary 
 of Crawford county as a county admitted into the territory of 
 Illinois. It will be two years before the Anniversary of Illinois as 
 a state in the Union. This was long prior to the time that the 
 City of Robinson was laid out, in fact at that time, the place where 
 we now stand, and nearly all the country north of us was a wild- 
 erness. 
 
 The City of Robinson has grown up within the last seventy 
 years. There are no rivers nearer than iJie Wabash on the east- 
 ern border and the Embarrass on the west. Crawford county has 
 no great lakes as has some of our cities, consequently, the govern- 
 ment of the United States, has never spent any money, or the 
 
 -)139(-
 
 revenues of the government In the erection of improx'ements in our 
 county, until the building of this beautiful structure. 
 
 When the Almighty canned out this beautiful land of ours 
 he so arranged it, In his infinite wisdom, that the great wealth 
 of our county should not be discovered until within the last decade. 
 It was only within the last ten years that oil and gas were dis- 
 covered and developed, and since that time our beautiful city has 
 almost quadrupled in population, and our county has almost 
 doubled its population. 
 
 Today, our city, according to the size and population, has 
 more paved streets, has more beautiful homes, more splendid 
 churches, better school buildings, and better sanitary conditions 
 than any other city of its size in the country. 
 
 Robinson has seven rural routes, and an office force consist- 
 ing of the Post Master, Assistant Post Master, five Clerks, three 
 city carriers, one parcel post carrier and seven lural carriers. In 
 addition to all this in Robinson, the Village of Oblong has five 
 rural routes and five rural carriers, Flat Rock has three rural 
 routes and three rural carriers ; Hutsonville two rural routes and 
 two rural carriers ; Annapolis two rural routes and two rural carri- 
 ers ; and West York has one rural route and one rural carrier. 
 
 Mr. Chairman : I would like to give a history of the Robin- 
 son Post Office from Its organization about seventy years ago, 
 and show its wonderful growth down to the present time, but 
 time and conditions forbid that I should do so. I will only state 
 in that regard that the Post Office at Robinson has always been 
 on wheels and trundled around from one part of the Public 
 Square in the city to suit the whims, or convenience of the Post 
 Masters, until the present time. But thanks to the wisdom and 
 good judgment of the President and Congress of the United 
 States, our Post Office now has this beautiful home in which to 
 carry on its business, and this occasion has afforded the people 
 of our city and county to come and assist in dedicating it to 
 their use and to view it in all its magnificient pride and glory. 
 
 I have heard it charged, by parties who were wholly unac- 
 quainted with the situation and condition of affairs that this lovely 
 Post Office Building was too great an expense to our government 
 and the people of the United States. I think these gentlemen 
 have been reading some of the newspapers and periodicals of the 
 present day in regard to "pork barrel", and have a mistaken idea, 
 and what I want to say to you, and the people assembled here, 
 and I want it to go to the country, that this statement is a mistake, 
 
 -)140(-
 
 that the party who made this assertion was not well informed. 
 
 The receipts of the Post Office, during the past year, were 
 something in excess of $17,000.00, and the monthly pay-roll was 
 about $2,400.00 of which about one-half was for the seven rural 
 routes, and these rural routes that go to the homes of nearly every 
 farmer in the county, and carry to them daily their papers and 
 other mail as well as parcels through the parcel post, and are 
 clear outside of the regular post office business and should not 
 be charged to the Robinson Post Office. 
 
 These rural routes from Robinson, not only reach every part 
 of Robinson Township, but extend into Honey Greek, Oblong, 
 Hutsonville, Lamotte and Montgomery, and strictly speaking 
 should not be charged to the revenues of the Robinson Post Office. 
 
 The time has come, owing to the growth and development of 
 our postal service, in this and surrounding counties, that a Post 
 Office Building should be erected by the government that would 
 accommodate the great growth and meet die great demands and 
 requirements of the Post Office Department, and there being no 
 other Post Office Building within forty miles of the City of Rob- 
 inson, erected by our government, Robinson was selected to meet 
 all these requirements. 
 
 It may not be generally known, and I diink it would be proper 
 for me to state that all these matters were taken into consideration 
 by the Congress of the United States before the appropriation was 
 made to purchase the site, and erect the building that we are now 
 dedicating this evening. I think it is proper to say without boast- 
 ing, but with some local pride that the government has more 
 money invested in the site here, that considering the size and pop- 
 ulation of our city, and more money invested in the building and 
 decorations than in that of any other Post Office building of the 
 size and population of Robinson, within the boundaries of our 
 country. 
 
 It is also proper to state, I think, that while there were a 
 number of other sites proposed to the government, on which to 
 build this new Post Office building, and objections more or less 
 were offered to each of them, that when the present site was sug- 
 gested, every citizen of Robinson, was favorable to it, for located 
 here as It is on the south side of the Public Square, overlooking 
 our new court house, and the business houses erected around the 
 Public Square, almost half way between the Cleveland, Cincin- 
 nati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway on the east and the Illinois 
 Central on the south, our Township High School Building, our 
 
 -)141(-
 
 many Churches, our City Hall, the Elk's Home, the Carnegie Li- 
 brary, the new Sanitarium, and the new Hospital and situated 
 almost in the geographical center of our beautiful cit)' and of our 
 splendid county, our people with one accord, joined in proclaim- 
 ing this the ideal site, and urged upon the Congress of the United 
 States its selection and the erection of this magnificent temple 
 that we are here dedicating tonight. 
 
 This new Post Office building is a land mark erected by a 
 generous government, not only to accommodate the people of 
 Robinson and Crawford county in giving them this splendid edi- 
 fice where they could carry on their business with the Post Office 
 Department, but in addition to that to teach our people that this 
 government of ours is nearer the people, for there is no arm of the 
 government that is closer to the people and nearer and dearer to 
 them than their Post Office and the Post Office Department. 
 
 And when we consider that there are more than 60,000 post 
 offices in the United States, and that the rural routes run to near- 
 ly every farm and home in this broad land of ours, and that from 
 the first settlement to the present time our people have not had 
 a home for their Post Office, we can more fully appreciate what 
 a great boon our govermnent has conferred upon us. 
 
 After I was notified by the Committee that I was selected 
 as one of the speakers on this occasion, I naturally looked around 
 for some one who had known the Robinson Post Office from the 
 time it was organized, and who was acquainted with all its changes 
 and I found such a person in Mr. G. W. Harper, for Mr. Harper 
 over 50 years ago, when the Post Office was in its infancy and 
 has been several times since, was Post Master here, and for more 
 than 50 years has been well acquainted with the workings of the 
 Robinson Post Office. Mr. Harper informed me that the office 
 was created about the year 1 844 ; that Mr. VVm. B. Baker was the 
 first Post Master. That Mr. Baker kept the Post Office in "his 
 hat", and afterwards in a "goods box", that he was also County 
 Clerk, County Surveyor and Superintendent of Schools and all 
 around general purpose man. 
 
 I wish I had time to go more fully into the various Post Mast- 
 ers and their term of service, but I will hasten to mention them, 
 as I feel that an address of this kind would not be complete with- 
 out mentioning them. 
 
 Mr. Baker was succeeded by James ^Veaver, who also kept the 
 Village Hotel, and Mr. Weaver was succeeded by Chester Fitch, 
 who was County Surveyor, County Clerk and also general purpose 
 
 -)142(-
 
 man ; Mr. Fitch was succeeded by Dr. William Watts who was a 
 practicing physician ; Mr. Watts was succeeded by Moses Shep- 
 herd, who was also a noted singing school teacher ; Mr. Shepherd 
 was succeeded by Mr. S. H. Dunham and followed in order by 
 Mr. G. W. Harper, William Parker, G. W. Harper, Peter Walker 
 and again by Mr. G. W. Harper, followed again by Peter Walker 
 and then came Mr. S. L. Bennett, Samuel T. Lindsay, Ed. S. Baker 
 and the present Post Master, Mr. Nathaniel J. Highsmith. 
 
 As stated I wish I had more time to go more fully into the 
 history of the office and the different Post Masters that have dis- 
 charged the duties of the office since the office was created, but 
 time and the fact that there are other speakers here this evening 
 forbid that I do so, but for the information of any one who might 
 wish to know, I would state that they can obtain the information 
 from Mr. G. W. Harper, who knows all about the office and its 
 workings since the office was created, and is a walking "Encyclo- 
 pedia", not only in regard to the Post Office, but in regard to af- 
 fairs generally in our city and has kept a record of the office in the 
 columns of the Argus nearly ever since the office was created. 
 
 Mr. Chairman : As stated, in the last decade we have taken 
 on a new growth in the City of Robinson. We are about to en- 
 large our borders by taking a number of additions adjacent to our 
 City, and by increasing our trade. This lovely city of 6,000 inhab- 
 itants, including the number of additions, not within our corporate 
 limits, should be doubled in the next ten years, owing to the new 
 industries, including the increase and extension of those industries 
 already located adjacent to our beautiful city. 
 
 This growing city, with her ten miles of improved streets of 
 brick and granitoid materials, her twenty miles of brick and grani- 
 toid sidewalks, with her schools and churches, with her factories 
 and shops, her splendid water works, her oil refineries, and other 
 utilities too numerous to mention, acknowledges the great honor 
 conferred in the selection of this city for the erection of this mag- 
 nificient Post Office. 
 
 IN Conclusion Ladies and Gentlemen : 
 
 I want to again return my thanks to you for your attendance 
 here this evening. This splendid outpouring of the people of Rob- 
 inson and Crawford County, in such tremendous numbers show 
 the great interest you take in the dedication of this beautiful new 
 building, and that you are heartily in accord with the sentiments of 
 the people of Robinson, and especially of our worthy Post Master 
 Mr. Nathaniel J. Highsmith, and his Assistants in the Post Office 
 
 -)143(-
 
 here, who have worked so earnestly to give you a pleasant even- 
 ing, and show you this wonderful building and I know that each 
 and every one of you will taJce home with you the most pleasant 
 recollection, as well as the good time you have enjoyed here in 
 assisting at these dedicator)' services. 
 
 I want to assure you that in my judgment it represents a 
 new era in the City of Robinson and Crawford County; that 
 Robinson and Crawford County have taken their proper places 
 among the cities and counties of the nation, and that there is noth- 
 ing too good for the people of Robinson and Crawford County. 
 
 ADDRESS OF MR. J. S. ABBOTT AT DEDICATORY EXER- 
 CISES OF THE ROBINSON POST OFFICE, ROBINSON, 
 ILLINOIS, JUNE 24, igi6. 
 
 As the hour is a little bit late and you have had the pleasure 
 of listening to some good music and a good address by my friend 
 Mr. Jones, that covered the ground completely, I feel that there is 
 nothing left for me to say. 
 
 When the suggestion was made a few years ago that a com- 
 mittee be sent to Washington to ask for an appropriation for a 
 government building Mr. Jones and I were asked to serve as that 
 committee. Our people well knew that when it comes to properly 
 describing Robinson, Jones is a master hand. Now there are a 
 few things that this man Jones cannot do. He may not be able to 
 improve on the combination of colors in the rainbow, or enhance 
 the beauty of an October sunset, or carve with greather symmetry 
 the dimples of a laughing babe, or paint with a richer hue the 
 blush on a maiden's cheek ; but when it comes to painting the future 
 of Robinson, the birds stop singing to listen to him. 
 
 And you people knew also that Jones could prove anything 
 he wanted to by me on an occasion like that and that I stood ready 
 to swear that he was rather modest in his description of our beau- 
 tiful little city. 
 
 When he told Joe Cannon that Robinson was the best little 
 city of 6,000 population in the State of Illinois, I was forced to 
 pull his coat-tail and remind him that he was counting some of 
 you people only once. And when he told Mr. Taft that no one 
 could get a proper conception of the greatness of this State until 
 
 -)144(-
 
 he had visited Robinson I felt constrained to whisper to him that 
 he should remind the President that the Taft administration would 
 fall with a dull thud if it failed to provide for this splendid post 
 office building. 
 
 Mr. Jones told the President of an incident in the home of 
 a Robinson family, where the little boy had committed an offense 
 and saw his mother approaching with a switch. The little fellow 
 dropped down on his knees and said : "Oh God ! if you are as 
 good to little boys as they say you are, now is your chance." 
 
 And so Mr. Jones gave Mr. Taft to understand that if he ever 
 expected to do anything for Robinson, "now was his chance." 
 
 Well we completed our task and came home with the bacon, 
 with a definite assurance that our petition would be granted. 
 And, thanks to the present administration, the work then begun 
 has been carried on to completion and we are now in the possession 
 of this splendid building. 
 
 I am going to take this audience into my confidence here 
 and tell you that we are largely indebted to the late Senator Cul- 
 lom for engineering the bill through Congress. It was one of 
 the last acts of the venerable Senator, a man whose word you 
 could always rely upon, and one whose achievements added luster 
 to the great name of Illinois. 
 
 A stranger stepped into the bank the other day and said he 
 wished to congratulate our people on having such a splendid little 
 city. He said he had learned by wide travel to judge a town by its 
 post office and paved streets ; and without going off the square 
 he was satisfied that Robinson was entitled to a place on the map. 
 I told him in the lang"uage of Tom Merritt, that it wasn't necessary 
 to submit any proof on that proposition — that every man in town 
 stood ready to confess it. 
 
 I feel like saying just here that as a community we ought to 
 stop occasionally and take a good look at ourselves, look to see what 
 we possess and how we are getting along. There is the firm of 
 Norris Brothers. They started on a small scale a few years ago, 
 but have been adding additional lines gradually and installing new 
 machineiy, until today they are manufacturing scores of different 
 articles, and have a plant that is worth while to visit. They are 
 live, progressive men, and will be glad to show you through. 
 
 Then there is the Bradford Supply Co., that is erecting a 
 splendid building just east of the Big Four depot. And we have 
 been told that it is likely to be the nucleus around which a large 
 
 -)145(-
 
 plant is to be built. The men at the head of this corporation are 
 live wires, and they are doing a mammoth business. 
 
 And you must not overlook the plant of the Wabash Refinery 
 Co. Mr. Watt tells me that they are now refining about six hun- 
 dred barrels of the output of a skimming plant. The refinery is 
 being gradually improved and enlarged, and their output is equal 
 in merit to that of any refinery in the land. Messrs. Watt, Traeb- 
 ing and Camnitz will take pleasure in showing you through. 
 
 Then there is L. M. Smith, who is manufacturing kitchen 
 cabinets and caskets, and it may be that a big furniture factory will 
 be the outgrowth of this little plant. 
 
 And I would not forget the American Laundry Co. plant. It 
 is a home concern and entitled to our patronage. 
 
 Then we must not overlook the fact that our business men are 
 clean and up-to-date and our professional men the peers of those 
 of any city in the land. These lawyers and doctors here tonight 
 are Exhibits i and 2 on that proposition. 
 
 And as to water, that is our boast and pride. Down in Ken- 
 tucky they tell us that water is good for several purposes, but prin- 
 cipally as a tracer by beginners. But up here in Robinson all of 
 us drink it, and it is the best in the State. Not only does it stand 
 the test as to purity, but in its never-failing quantity. I know of 
 no city in the land so highly favored. And you people who have 
 made no investigation along this line do not realize just how 
 fortunate we are in this regard. 
 
 Another thing, friends, that helps make Robinson the ideal 
 town that it is, and that is, that our "knockers" have lost their 
 little hammers and try to speak well of others. When a stranger 
 drops in they jolly him and tell him that Robinson is the best town 
 on earth. The fact is they have to be "boosters" and have learned 
 to look on the bright side of things. They are learning to see the 
 silver lining to every cloud, and realize that we have five days of 
 sunshine to every day of gloom. Not only are they proud of Rob- 
 inson and Crawford County, but of the great State of Illinois. 
 
 And friends, we have such abundant reason to be proud of 
 the great state in which we live, a state that gave Grant and Doug- 
 las and Frances Willard to the Union, and Lincoln to the world. 
 Without Illinois the country's history would be incomplete. The 
 products of our prairies would feed the nation, while the coal 
 from our mines would keep the furnaces glowing for a thousand 
 years. 
 
 It is the brightest star in the constellation of states, and I 
 
 -)146(-
 
 am informed that you fellows who were not born here are ashamed 
 of yourselves. We'll forgive you, however, if you'll promise to 
 stay here during the balance of your days. 
 
 Friends, I cannot resist the temptation just here to look be- 
 yond the state and say just a word about this great country. We 
 have been in the midst of perilous days of late, and it is a mighty 
 good time to sit still and cease rocking the boat. 
 
 With the awful conflict raging on the other side of the water, 
 where the flower of Europe's young manhood is being sacrificed in 
 a bloody conflict and really concerns no one but a few crowned 
 heads, where children are being crushed beneath the iron heels 
 of the war god, where women are being outraged and robbed of 
 their natural protectors, where devastation and ruin abound on all 
 sides, in these bloodiest of all days, it is a mighty good time to get 
 down on our knees and thank Almighty God that we live in this 
 great land of free America a land where every citizen is a sov- 
 erign and where no man cares to wear a crown. 
 
 I am confident, friends, that you will agree with me that this 
 is no time for divided allegiance, but a time when every citizen 
 should assert his Americanism ; and while we divide into separate 
 parties on domestic questions it is a mighty good time to serve notice 
 on the world that on questions of foreign policy, we stand as one 
 mighty people, ready to protect the lives of our citizens and uphold 
 the honor of the flag. 
 
 I somehow like the patriotism of that old "sea dog" that 
 Champ Clark tells us about. He was being entertained by one 
 of the royal families in Europe. The queen said to him : "My 
 dear Admiral, I cannot understand how it is that you can be sat- 
 isfied to remain in a land that has no queen". "Pardon me", 
 replied the old Admiral, "I perceive that in your country you have 
 but one queen, while in America every woman is a queen." 
 
 Then there is that sailor lad who was on shore leave in Egypt. 
 He visited the various places of interest, and finally entered one of 
 the pyramids, where from sheer exhaustion, he dropped down on 
 a seat and fell asleep. His companions thought to play a practical 
 joke on him, and placed a lot of mummies around him, turned 
 the light low and hid behind a convenient corner. The sailor lad 
 finally awoke, rubbed his eyes and looked about him, first on one 
 mummy and then on another, and then exclaimed : "Resurrection 
 morn, as sure as you are alive, and an American is the first man 
 up". 
 
 We have been compelled to wage four wars with foreign 
 
 -)147(-
 
 powers, but not a single one was for selfish ends, not a single one 
 for conquest, not a single one that did not rebound to the glory 
 and betterment of mankind. 
 
 And now it seems that we are on the threshold of another con- 
 flict, one that the country has sought to avoid, a conflict with the 
 ignorant greasers on the other side of the Rio Grande. With the 
 utmost patience and forbearance we have sought to guide them to 
 peace and tranquility ; but they have mistaken our patience for 
 cowardice and our forbearance for weakness, and by adding 
 murder to theft and to outrage they seem determined to force the 
 issue ; and when Gen. Funston gets the word to wade in, the gal- 
 lant boys in blue, some of the north and south, will clean things 
 up and remove a festering sore from the map of the new world. 
 Three of our own boys, Roy Lowrance, Russell Apple and Vernon 
 Brigham, are already with their companies prepared for the job, 
 accompanied by the tears and kisses of our people, and others will 
 respond if the call comes. 
 
 And when the stars and stripes again float o\'er the capital 
 of that blood-stained land let us hope that it will remain, remain 
 until a new generation, fit for self-government, springs up to take 
 the places of the threacherous assassin, that Uncle Sam is being 
 forced to kick out of his back yard. 
 
 But I have talked too long folks, as sons and daughters of 
 Uncle Sam this is our building. Come in and view it, make your- 
 selves at home. Mr. Highsmith and the office force will take 
 pleasure in showing you through. 
 
 -)i48(-
 
 "ABRAHAM LINCOLN- 
 ADDRESS TO THE EP WORTH LEAGUE OF 
 THE M. E. CHURCH 
 
 Robinson, Illinois, February, 1918 
 
 FELLOW CITIZENS: 
 
 We are met this evening for the purpose of doing honor to 
 one of lUinois' greatest sons — Abraham Lincoln — and to celebrate 
 the Centennial of the admission of Illinois, as the 2ist state in 
 our national Union. Whoever is given greeting and honor upon 
 such an occasion like this ought, indeed, to have something worthy, 
 something fit and proper to say, inadequate in all save due ap- 
 preciation must be my return. 
 
 Nearly all my life has been passed in our great State and it 
 is with pleasure tonight that I go back over the past and review our 
 history since the admission of Illinois, as one of the States in the 
 Union, and speak a few words in commemoration of the life and 
 deeds of Abraham Lincoln, who not only was one of the greatest 
 men Illinois ever produced, but the greatest in my judgment that 
 has ever been produced in the United States, or in any other coun- 
 try in the civilized world. 
 
 The name of Abraham Lincoln, his life, and his deeds are so 
 nobly interwoven that we can hardly speak of one, without men- 
 tioning the other. 
 
 Abraham Lincoln came upon the stage of action when Illinois 
 was in its infancy, and it was here upon the bosom of our proud 
 state that the greater part of his life was lived, and that he grew 
 from boyhood up to man's estate. It was here, as a pioneer that he 
 helped subdue the forests, and devolped the soil of our rich prai- 
 ries, and lovely valleys. It was here that he entered the profession 
 of the law ; it was in Illinois Legislature that he served three terms ; 
 it was from this State that he was sent as a representative to the 
 National Congress. It was in this State that he and the Immortal 
 Stephen A. Douglas made the most famous, the most wonderful 
 campaign for the United States Senate that was ever made by two 
 
 -)149(-
 
 living giants. These discussions, or as we please to call them, de- 
 bates, have been read by all of our people for more than fifty 
 years. It was in these debates that Lincoln made a national repu- 
 tation as an orator and a statesman, and thanks to our common 
 schools, which are the finest in the land, these debates are familiar, 
 or should be, to every boy and every girl, not only in our proud 
 state, but of every other state in the Union. 
 
 Stephen A. Douglas was called and commonly known as "The 
 Little Giant". He was regarded as the greatest orator and de- 
 bator in the United States and his silver tongue could sway audi- 
 ences as perhaps could no other living man — but as he afterwards 
 stated he was on the wrong side of the question. Mr. Lincoln was 
 against human slavery ; was against its admission in the new state 
 of the Union. He wanted to see the northwest and the north 
 western states come in without human slavery and upon this he 
 staked his all in these great debates. 
 
 His many friends said to him his position was wrong, when 
 in one of his great speeches he made the statement ''that a house 
 divided against itself could not stand, that it must be either all 
 slave or all free and not half slave and half free" but time re- 
 vealed the correctness of his position. The people learned to know 
 him and to understand him, his sympathetic nature, his great and 
 loving heart. They loved to go back to his humble home in Hardin 
 County, Kentucky, where he was born in 1809, in a house, as 
 rude and poor, and among surroundings as humble, as were those 
 of our Saviour — for no man whoever came into public life and 
 who achieved public greatness, and the plaudits of a great nation 
 had come from more humble obscurity and humbler environments 
 than had Abraham Lincoln. He grew up and developed with the 
 common people, and was always one of them until the day of his 
 death. No man, it made no difference how humble, how poor in 
 fortune, or humble in origin, but what could see and have a hear- 
 ing from Abraham Lincoln, and one of his favorite expressions 
 was that "God Almighty loved the common people and was friend- 
 ly to them and all that because he had made so many of them." 
 This showed also, that he was not only a politician, a great lawyer, 
 and statesman, but that he was a student of human nature and 
 never forgot the common people who loved him so well and who 
 backed him and endorsed him in his every contention. 
 
 He moved from Hardin County, Kentucky to Orange Coun- 
 ty, Indiana when he was only nine years old and remained there 
 until he was about 17 or 18 years old, when with his father, Thomas 
 
 -)150(-
 
 Lincoln, and his family he moved to Macon County, Illinois, and 
 there helped his father erect their rude cabin, and clear some 
 ground. But it proved to be so unhealthy there and the climate 
 surrounding them so full of malaria, that they moved to Sangamon 
 County. Here Mr. Lincoln clerked in a store and read law, as he 
 was clerking for a man, who lived in the country and kept a coun- 
 try store, and had plenty of time to read and prepare himself 
 for the great future that was before him. 
 
 I only wish I had time to go over this part of his life and his- 
 tory, as it would be an inspiration to every boy and every girl in 
 this audience. It shows what can be accomplished by the youths 
 of our country, where they apply themselves and lay the founda- 
 tion for a future life. 
 
 Abraham Lincoln had never had the advantages of our com- 
 mon schools. In Kentucky and in the south generally common 
 schools were unknown, and the poor boy and the poor girl grew 
 up ignorant of books. It had never been his lot to be permitted 
 to attend any of our Colleges or great Universities, but he had 
 studied out the problem of life here in the country store, the law 
 office, and from there the Halls of Legislation, and the highest 
 office in the gift of the people, or known to civilized man, as 
 PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 He was truly a self-made man ; a man of the people whose 
 heart and sympathies beat with the great common people and were 
 in full accord with them and their desires and aspirations. This 
 was the great secret of his success. In all of his advancements, 
 whether at the bar, in the legislature of our State, in the Congress 
 of our nation or as Chief Magistrate as the President of the United 
 States he never forgot the great common people of our land, and in 
 looking back, dovv^n the ladder of fame, which he had climbed, 
 round by round, while he kept his eye on the great positions to 
 which he had been elevated he never forgot the common people. 
 
 Lincoln was not a type. He stands alone — no ancestor, no 
 fellows and no successors. He had the advantage of living in a 
 new country, of social equality, of personal freedom, of seeing in 
 the horizon of his future the perpetual star of hope. He pre- 
 served his individuality and his self-respect. He knew and mingled 
 with men of every kind ; and after all, men are the best books. Pie 
 became acquainted with the ambition and hopes of the heart, the 
 means used to accomplish ends, the springs of action and the seeds 
 of thought. He was familiar with nature, with actual things, and 
 common facts. 
 
 -)151(-
 
 In a new country a man must possess at least three virtues — • 
 honesty, courage, and generosity. In cultivated society, cultivation 
 is often more important than soil. A well executed counterfeit 
 passes more readily than a blurred genuine. It is necessary only 
 to observe the unwritten laws of society — to be honest enough to 
 keep out of prison, and generous enough to subscribe in public 
 where the subscription can be defended as an investment. In a 
 new country character is essential ; in the old, reputation is suf- 
 ficient ; in the new, they find what a man really is ; in the old, 
 be generally passes for what he resembles. People separated only 
 by distance are much nearer together than those divided by the 
 walls of caste. 
 
 Lincoln never finished his education. To the night of his 
 death he was a pupil, a learner, and inquirer, a seeker after 
 knowledge. You have no idea how many men are spoiled by what 
 is called education. For the most part. Colleges are places where 
 pebbles are polished and diamonds are dimned. If Shakespeare 
 had graduated at Oxford, he might have been a quibbling attorney, 
 or an orthodox Parson. 
 
 Lincoln was always proud of Illinois. He loved to go back 
 to her humble origin, situated as she is here almost midway in our 
 great Union, and follow her in her growth, development and 
 achievements from the time she was admitted into the Union, one 
 hundred years ago. 
 
 -)152(-
 
 PATRIOTIC ADDRESS DELIVERED AT THE 
 METHODIST CHURCH 
 
 Robinson, Illinois, September, 1917 
 
 If there is any place where a person ought to feel patriotic, 
 and his bosom swell for the love of home, the love of country, it 
 is here in this beautiful Methodist Church in the midst of the 
 music, which is so inspiring, surrounded by the membership, as 
 well as friends, gathered here for the worship of God and the dis- 
 semination, not only of the principles of Christianity, with all it 
 embraces, but the promulgation of patriotism and the love of 
 country, and good government as well. 
 
 The Methodist Church, one of the leading religious systems 
 of the English speaking race, has existed since 1727, and among 
 the members and founders, were John Wesley, Charles Wes- 
 ley, and George Whitefield, and the first Methodist Church was 
 built in London, about the year 1740. This Church was within 
 almost a block of Westminster Abbey in the City of London, and in 
 this Church, services were conducted by both John and Charles 
 Wesley, and the church stood until some thirty years ago when it 
 Was replaced by a fine brick and metal stone finished building 
 erected on the same site as the old first building erected in 1740. 
 
 I had the pleasure in July, 19 14, of attending services in this 
 church and I can assure you it was a great pleasure for when my 
 mind went back to the foundation of the church, and reviewed its 
 history as it passed in my mind in almost panoramic view, I com- 
 pared it to the growth and development of our own beloved coun- 
 try which was formed and promulgated as a nation about the same 
 period. 
 
 One reason why I have always loved the Methodist Church, 
 its people, and the doctrines it promulgates is because it has al- 
 ways promulgated, not only the doctrines and precepts of Christi- 
 anity, which all Christianity embraces, but it has taught to its 
 followers and the people of the world, true patriotism, the lOve of 
 
 -)153(-
 
 home, the love of countn^ and the blessings of our free institutions 
 as set forth in the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution 
 of the United States, and the laws of Congress. Wherever you 
 find a true Methodist you will find a lover of home, a lover of his 
 town, a lover of his county, a lover of his state, a lover of his nation, 
 and desiring that every one shall enjoy, not only the blessings of 
 Christianity, as taught by our Saviour in the Sermon on the Mount, 
 but life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, as taught and pro- 
 mulgated in the Declaration of Independence, disseminated by our 
 fathers in 1776. You will find every- true Methodist man, I care 
 not where he may be in our country, as ready to fight for the flag, 
 for the Constitution and the perpetuity of our country, as he is to 
 fight for his wife, his children, his home or his county or his State. 
 
 It was a Methodist, General Ulysses S. Grant, who led our 
 armies to victory in the War of the Rebellion from 1861 -1865 
 when this nation was in peril, and over four millions of slaves were 
 in shackles, and struck the shackles from the slaves and forever 
 destroyed secession and made this one nation and one people for- 
 ever. 
 
 It was another Methodist, William McKinley, who, at the 
 head of our nation in i8g8 presided, during the great Spanish- 
 American War, when the tyrant Spain was driven from the shores 
 of the western world, and Cuba, Porto Rico and the Ph'.lippines 
 were freed from the galling chains that had bound them to the 
 country- of Spain for more than three hundred years. 
 
 And for more than a century the members, identified with 
 the Methodist Church have taken an active part in Congress, in 
 the Legislatures of the different states, as Judges of our Courts and 
 in all the activities of life. Upon the field of battle they have ever 
 been to the forefront, ready to do valiant service for our country. 
 \Ve are proud this evening to be identified with the Methodist 
 Church and we look back over its splendid history, the noble work 
 that it has done, in the cause of humanity, as well as the cause of 
 our Master, feeling proud of its noble men and noble women. 
 Right here, I want to add a good word for the noble women of the 
 church, for it is to them, more than the men, in my judgment, that 
 the churches prospered so well during all its history, for it is large- 
 ly attributed to the good work performed by the women of the 
 church in building up the Sabbath School, the Missionary Socie- 
 ties, the Ladies Aid, the Epworth League, the Queen Esthers, and 
 similar organizations instituted for the upbuilding and perpetuation 
 of Methodism. 
 
 -)154(-
 
 We love to go back over the history of our country for the 
 past one hundred and forty years, since the promulgation of the 
 Declaration of Independence by our forefathers, and review its 
 history and the wonderful deeds that it has accomplished from the 
 struggling colonies. Along the Atlantic coast we love to follow it 
 westward across the Alleghenies, down into Ohio, on across the 
 Wabash, on to the Mississippi across the great plains, the Rockies 
 — to the golden sands of the Pacific — over four thousand miles, 
 comprising forty eight states, dotted all over with cities, villages 
 and hamlets — with the churches, for the worship of God, with 
 school houses, colleges and universities, for the education and in- 
 struction of the youths of our nation, and then think that we are 
 almost within the geographical center of this great nation, and 
 that Robinson is one of the best little cities, Crawford County is one 
 of the best counties and Illinois the fairest and best state in all this 
 grand Union of states or nation. 
 
 I love to draw this picture, beautiful to me, of our wonderful 
 country, its loveliness and prosperity, and compare it with the na- 
 tions of the Old World, which have been built up, many of them 
 for a thousand years, and which it has outstripped, in its short 
 period of one hundred and foity years. It is with sorrow that I 
 look across tlie great waters, over into Europe at the terrible con- 
 ditions of affairs there and see the ruthless work of "Kaiserism", 
 autocracy and militarism — that has grown up under the mon- 
 archical conditions of the Old World. 
 
 When we make the survey of Europe and study conditions 
 among the nations there, we see nation vieing with nation, to out- 
 strip each other in maintaining large standing armies, large navies 
 and military equipments and establishments. We see nearly every 
 country ruled by a Kaiser, Czar, Emperor or King with royal fam- 
 ilies of Princes, Dukes, Earls and various other titles, too numer- 
 ous to mention, each of whose titles are perpetuated and handed 
 down from generation to generation, and each of whom is pen- 
 sioned upon the government with large estates, large salaries, and 
 special privileges, and then compare their condition with ours 
 where none of these things obtain, where they are prohibited by 
 the Constitution and Laws of our country, and where only merit, 
 integrity and character can win in the battle of life. Here no oil 
 of coronation is poured upon the head of boy or girl, but each must 
 win on his own merit, integrity and faithfulness to duty. 
 
 After a study of these conditions, as they have existed from 
 time immemorial and how they produced an Alexander the Great, 
 
 -)155(-
 
 a Caesar and a Napoleon, each trying in his time to dominate, 
 overrule and control the world, we can readily see as the result of 
 conditions there the awful conditions that now prevail, especially 
 when we see the great farming and middle class ruled as peasants, 
 who have not the advantages of common schools and educational 
 facilities, such as our farmers, and the common people as we are 
 pleased to call them, in this country possess. They are tax ridden, 
 uneducated, ignorant and bound down by burdensome taxes, and 
 it is on account of these conditions that a Kaiser can dominate 
 seventy millions of people as a one-man power, and through his 
 combination, with other autocrats, can terrorize and overrun the 
 rest of the world. 
 
 The outgrowth of these conditions are fully developed in the 
 Kaiser of Germany, backed by military rule, and we can see that 
 it is only on account of these conditions that it would be possible 
 for a Kaiser to rule seventy millions of people and dominate and 
 control them with autocratic rule as does the old German Kaiser 
 at this time. 
 
 Growing out of these conditions we see the old Kaiser of 
 Germany, dominating and controlling nearly all of Central Eu- 
 rope, and going back over the history of that country for forty 
 years we see how he has built up, under the conditions above re- 
 ferred to, the greatest military army, and the most complete auto- 
 cratic rule that has ever dominated or controlled the world in all 
 its history. 
 
 More than throe years ago the Old Kaiser saw his opportunity, 
 over the assassination of an Austian Prince in Servia, to lay down 
 the gauge of war, to England, France, Russia, Belgium, and final- 
 ly to Italy, and we find that the ink had hardly become dry, after 
 the promulgation of hostilities, until he, with his armies that were 
 all trained and ready, started for Paris, and London, and within 
 thirty days had almost reached the gates of Paris, had overrun 
 Belgium and parts of Russia, Servia, Roumania, and in fact, with 
 the assistance of Austria, Hungary and Bulgaria, had spread his 
 conquests nearly all over Central Europe, and had placed a "War 
 Zone" or "embargo" around all these countries so as to prevent 
 neutral ships from entering the ports of any of the countries with 
 which the old Kaiser was at war, and for the first time in the his- 
 tory of civilization, made it impossible for neutral vessels to traverse 
 the high seas of the world. 
 
 He notified the government of the United States, after sink- 
 ing many of its ships and thus destroying thousands of lives, after 
 
 -)156(-
 
 the President of the United States had protested, time and again, 
 that the ships of the United States, if the government would paint 
 them red, white and black, and would sail one day in each month, 
 they would have permission to do so, and the German submarines 
 would try and not destroy them. 
 
 This was more humiliation than the President of the United 
 States and his advisers could bear. The President immediately 
 sent his message to Congress, setting forth the conditions as they ex- 
 isted and recommending to Congress immediate action. Con- 
 gress, being fully advised and satisfied that the old German Kaiser 
 had begun a war of conquest, world-wide in its range^ with the 
 intention, at first, of subjugating and laying tribute to all the na- 
 tions of Europe that might oppose him, immedately after he had 
 conquered all the nations of Europe, would proceed to cross over 
 to the United States and conquer our beloved country and make 
 it and its large cities, and institutions pay tribute to the old Ger- 
 man Kaiser, the same as he had made Belgium, and the countries 
 of France, Servia, Roumania and Russia and other territories that 
 he had overrun, pay tribute. That he would carry off the fine 
 paintings from the galleries of our large cities and the trophies of 
 various kinds and debauch the good women of our fair land just 
 as he has done in those countries of Europe that his armies have 
 overrun. This is why that our nation has responded to the call of 
 arms and all over the United States from Ocean to Ocean, and 
 from the Lakes on the north to the Gulf on the south, and in all of 
 our territories and insular possessions we see the young men re- 
 sponding to the call as they did in the War of the Revolution, in 
 1776; in the War with Mexico in 1847; during the War of the 
 Rebellion from 1861 to 1865 and in the Spanish- American War 
 in 1898 and in all the Indian Wars, and whenever the flag of our 
 nation was in peril. They are going to the front against Kaiser- 
 ism, autocracy and one-man rule just as did their forefathers 
 in all the former wars. 
 
 And in conclusion, I want to pay a tribute to the noble, pa- 
 triotic women of our land, who are so ably helping and assisting 
 our soldier boys and the government in getting ready. As we 
 all know the United States has been a peaceful nation, had been 
 on a peace footing and had not maintained a standing army, and 
 consequently, when it became necessary to cope with the mighty 
 armies of Germany, Austria, Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria, that 
 it would require great preparation, and the good women of our 
 country, ever ready to help in the hour of need, have come for- 
 
 -)157(-
 
 ward nobly and assisted through the Red Cross and similar insti- 
 tutions in preparing our soldier boys for the great work that is be- 
 fore them and assisting them on the battle field, hospital and camp, 
 or wherever they may be, and making their service as comfort- 
 able and pleasant as possible. Congress is voting money by the 
 billions in order to fully prepare and equip them, and is creat- 
 ing cantonments, or training camps, to prepare them for the 
 active duties that will be required of them. 
 
 The people of the United States are being fully aroused to 
 the importance of the situation. They begin to understand what 
 it means, not only to its Allies in Europe, but to the people of the 
 United States and the Western Hemisphere. Should the Old Ger- 
 man Kaiser succeed in his world-wide conquest, it means that the 
 United States will become a German province ; that the German 
 language would be tlie dominating and controlling language of 
 this nation ; that the United States, and its various cities and mu- 
 nicipalities would be taxed to pay tribute to maintaining a large 
 standing army, not only in Germany and its other provinces, but 
 in the United States in order to maintain their supremacy and 
 keep down revolution, or revolt of any kind. The farmers, middle 
 classes, as they are called, would be reduced, as they are in Ger- 
 many, to the condition of peasants ; that no more in this country 
 would we have the right of free self goxernment, no more 
 would the people rule, but we would be under the iron rule of a 
 military despot. 
 
 We must all do all we can in assisting our Allies across the 
 sea. This is no time for a laggard or a drone, but each and every 
 citizen of our proud Republic must do all he, or she can, to assist 
 in the defeating the Old Kaiser and forever destroying autocratic 
 rule in the World and in making Democracy free and the People 
 rule, with the right to worship God, according to the dictates of 
 his, or her conscience the world over. 
 
 .)158(-
 
 INDEX 
 
 Introductory Page 3 
 
 Autobiography Page 5 
 
 Fourth of July Address, Robinson, IlHnois Page 16 
 
 Address at International Pure Food Congress, St. Louis, 
 
 Missouri Page 25 
 
 Address Before National Wholesale Grocers' Association, 
 
 Chicago, Illinois Page 32 
 
 Address Before Illinois Mayors' Association, Elgin, Illinois Page 37 
 Address Before Convention of State Dairymens' Associa- 
 tion, Lawrenceville, Illinois Page 47 
 
 Address Before State Retail Merchants' Association, 
 
 Belleville, Illinois Page 54 
 
 Address at the Thirty-First Annual Meeting of the Illinois 
 
 State Bar Association, Galesburg, Illinois Page 61 
 
 Address at the Old Settlers' Reunion, Polo, Illinois ^ Page 72 
 Address at the Annual Picnic of the Republican Club 
 of Kane, Will, Kendall, McHenry, and DuPage 
 
 Counties, Aurora, Illinois Page 80 
 
 Memorial Day Address at the "Old Cemetery", Robinson, 
 
 Illinois Page 93 
 
 Address Delivered to the Soldiers of Company B, 130th 
 U. S. Infantry, and the Ambulance Corps of the 
 
 University of Chicago, Robinson, Illinois Page loi 
 
 "My European Trip" Page 106 
 
 Tribute to Judge William C. Jones Page 115 
 
 Address Before the Circuit Court of Crawford County at 
 Memorial for Honorable Ethelbert Callahan, Rob- 
 inson, Illinois Page 1 1 g 
 
 Address At Memorial Day Services for Benevolent and 
 
 Protective Order of Elks, Robinson, Illinois Page 125 
 
 Toast to the Dickens Club, Robinson, Illinois Page 1 34 
 
 Addresses of A. H. Jones and J. S. Abbott at Dedication 
 
 of Post Office Building, Robinson, Illinois Page 139 
 
 Address to the Epworth League of the First Methodist 
 
 Church, Robinson, Illinois Page 1 49 
 
 Patriotic Address Delivered at the First Methodist 
 
 Church, Robinson, Illinois Page 153
 
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 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA 
 
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 AN AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF MY LIFE RO 
 
 0112 025407054