'WNO'S STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 3 3051 00003 5240 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/illinoismineralr87leig STATE OF ILLINOIS DWIGHT H. GREEN, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION FRANK G. THOMPSON, Director DIVISION OF THE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY M. M. LEIGHTON, Chief URBANA CIRCULAR NO. 87 Illinois' Mineral Resources, Mapped By Geological Survey, Important in War By M. M. Leighton, Chief REPRINTED FROM THE BLUE BOOK OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, 1941-1942, pp. 448-461, 1942 PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS URBANA, ILLINOIS 1942 Illinois' mineral resources, mapped by Geological Survey, important in War By The Chief of the Illinois State Geological Survey Division M. M. LEIGHTON its fertile plains and its rich mineral deposits place opportunities and responsibilities upon Illinois in the war effort. Food, raw materials, and manufactured products for the nation's vigorous prosecution of the war will flow from this little domain, centrally located and protected within the continent. Petroleum and petroleum products have unquestioned importance. For- tunately for the State and country, the new Illinois oil fields were discovered in time for this emergency. In 1941 Illinois maintained its fourth place among the oil-producing states, being exceeded only by Texas, California, and Oklahoma. Its total production during 1941 amounted to 133,750,000 barrels as compared with 147,647,000 barrels in 1940. By the end of 1941 more than 1,100 producing wells had been drilled in the new fields. During the last year 44 new pools located in 20 counties were discovered and extensions were made to the following pools: Benton, Benton North, Bone Gap, Bonpas West, Boyleston, Centerville East, Clay City Consolidated, Dix, Herald, Hoodville, Iola, Irvington, John- sonville, Mt. Carmel, Mason, Maunie South, Mill Shoals, New Harmony South, New Harmony Consolidated, Noble, North Boos, Parkersburg, Roland, Sailor Springs, Sims, Stokes, Walpole, Woburn, and Woodlawn. (See Tables I and II.) Coal to Play an Essential Part The increase in production capacity of industrial plants will require additional tonnages from the coal mines of Illinois. Complete figures are not yet available for the coal produced in the United States in 1941, but United States government figures given in Table III cover the period from 1937-1940, inclusive. New war plants in Illinois have not yet reached the State's quota, and it is expected that during 1942 there will be a considerable increase in coal production resulting from greater war activity. The St. Louis smoke elimination ordinance has had a depressive effect on the mining industry of the Illinois area adjacent to that city. The trend of mechanization in Illinois coal mines over the period 1928-39, inclusive, is shown in Table IV. Left, this gusher opened the Storms oil arid gas pool in White County 449 Table I: New Pools in Illinois in 1941 County Discovery well Field Producing formation Depth to top, ft. Initial production, bbls. 2,070 2,111 2,789 3,266 3,118 3,144 2,570 3,272 436 2,887 3,064 1,830 3,337 2,943 2,000 3,341 2,099 2,853 3,135 439 Franklin 374 Franklin 380 46 McCloskv limestone MeCloskv limestone _ McCloskv limestone 260 940 17 Hamilton 25 Macoupin Lower Pennsylvanian sandstone 10 White 60 ClavCitv West Clay 3,608 30 Coles 132 McCloskv limestone Bethel sandstone 92 Elkville 5 Ellery McCloskv limestone 62 White 90 White 53 Geff 62 Gallatin 40 2,992 1,723 2,012 2,824 2,841 3,352 2,218 2,115 3,117 1,349 2,309 1,105 1,514 3,188 1,747 1,876 3,028 2,832 2,327 3,158 1,369 3,053 2.040 2,786 2,406 37 Shelbv White 35 White 20 White 141 75 White 112 White. _ 107 1,459 48 170 Posev Clinton Cvpress sandstone 29 57 Rural Hill 794 St. Francisville East___ Bethel sandstone 40 St. Paul '..._ Favette 41 190 500 Clay 292 240 Buchanan sandstone 25 53 31 Clay Aux Vases sandstone 44 Illinois coal is processed in the Curran-Knowles ovens located at West Frankfort and Millstadt for coke manufacture, apparently on an increasing scale although figures are not available since 1939. Geological Survey Furthers Its Coal Research By the end of 1940 the Geological Survey had completed its new Applied Research Laboratory and installed a specially designed briquetting press for making smokeless briquets at elevated temperatures and pressures without the use of a binder. The preheater is under construction and upon its com- pletion the experimental work will proceed. Already the Survey's discovery that fine-coal waste contains a smokeless ingredient has found commercial application, and commercial production by a major coal company is now in effect using starch and a small amount of asphalt for a binder. The Applied Research Laboratory is also being equipped for large-scale testing of ways in which better stoker fuel can be prepared, and botanical and chemical researches are being conducted on the nature of coal in order to find ways to extend its use. The mapping of the Herrin (No. 6) coal bed is being extended for use in protecting the safety of future coal mining from oil-well drilling. 450 a ■Ofe ,? 3-8 Pi o 2 e.a mCCQ - S3 _ o — a fefe fe S 3 fc i i j _ life i • a? g 2 c s- tnZ S S > ° . S^HXi-a is 'Hi efflr a»»o^- c c e^^^^S HCo H s,+»oJ2^s> C H^i??c3a3>ft>3« 3m a> • 2* t- d 3 ._5 '-'^-■3fi' 5 e3s-52^^ !S ^ s.— — < - u n S.2.5 0.2.S «-o .. tJ eS » 0> a fc.» P.S.SJS o o »J3 o .a "a — -SS -3 ■. Sri ra o ,o OS «S 3 o 3.2 h 03 o 2 £a o S >n o >>..in < .3 £ a o k 4 :§og^o B gg : ia^o^^s i -_:pqZ g«&sHZ c •Osfe ■fef -feg^l g&£-S M cc .2 ! § 1-5^-S S^ s §i$*J 8JSJ3-S 1 1 § § J §^ . ■» •» tg, e e g e Wit, fc, fe, O ^3 "*3 451 Table III: Bituminous Coal Production in the United States, by States, 1937-1941 1 (Thousands of net tons) State 1937 1938 1939 1940 19412 Alabama Alaska.. A? kansas and Oklahoma Colorado c leorgia and Noi ih Carolina Illinois Indiana .. - Iowa Kansas and Missouri Kentucky: Eastern Western Maryland.. M ichigan _.. Monlana New Mexico ....... North and South Dakota Ohio Pennsylvania f bituminous). Tennessee Texas - Utah V irginia Washington. West Virginia Wyoming Other States 4 Total bituminous 12.440 132 3,111 7,187 ( 3 ) 51 , 002 17,765 3,637 6.HS4 38,524 8,563 1,549 562 2,965 1,715 2,298 25, 17S 111,002 5,213 910 3,810 13,795 2,001 118,646 5,918 24 1 1 , 062 155 2,442 5,663 (3) 41,912 14,758 3,103 6,090 31,177 7,368 1,281 495 2.732 1,239 2,098 18,591 77.705 4,472 879 2,947 12,283 1,567 93,288 5,204 34 12,047 148 2,340 5,923 ( 3 ) 46,783 16,943 2,948 5,948 34,266 8,291 1,443 457 2,804 1,230 2,120 20,289 92,584 5,185 826 3,285 13,531 1,690 108,362 5,373 39 15,324 174 3,100 6,589 42 50,610 18,869 3,231 6,676 40,346 8,795 1,503 410 2,867 1,111 2,284 22,772 116,603 6,008 621 3,576 15,348 1,650 126,438 5,808 17 15,204 241 3,423 6,905 40 54,200 22,590 2,950 7,445 41,510 11,765 1,748 370 3,200 1,250 2,426 29,690 127,470 6,713 368 4,013 18,340 1,875 140,886 6,647 21 445,531 348,545 394,855 460,772 511,290 1 U. S. Bituminous Coal Division, Weekly Coal Reports. 2 Includes lignite. 3 Included in "Other States". 4 The stales reporting are not identical from year to year. Table IV: Trend of Mechanization in Illinois Coal Mines, 1928-1939 11 (in thousands of net tons) Strip mined Per cent of total mined Mined underground Total Grand total Year Hand loaded Machine loaded Per cent 1928 4,339 5,375 6,116 6,326 6,551 5,625 6,160 7,410 9,113 11,449 10,570 12,089 12,0252 14.2422 7.8 8.9 11.4 14.3 19.6 15.0 14.9 16.6 17.9 22.2 25.2 25.8 23.8 26.2 44,638 37,031 24,768 15,401 11,564 14,667 16,630 16,602 15,704 11,809 7,978 8,124 9.065 6,290 6,971 18,252 22,847 22,577 15,360 17,122 18,482 20,513 26,110 28,344 23,363 26,570 29,520 33,6682 13.5 33.0 48.0 59.4 57.0 53.9 52.6 55.3 62.4 70.6 74.5 76.6 76.8 84.5 51,609 55,283 47,615 37,978 26,923 31,789 35,112 37,115 41,814 40, 153 31,342 34,694 38,585 39,958 55,948 1929 60, 658 1930 _. 53,731 1931 1932 1933.... 1934 44,304 33,475 37,414 41,272 1935 44,525 1936 50,927 1937 1938 _ 1939 1940 1941 51,602 41,911 46,783 50,610 54,200 1 U. S. Bituminous Coal Division Weekly Coal Report No. W.C.R. 1303, July 11. 1942, and Sixteenth Census of the U. S., 1940, Mineral Industries, 1939. 2 Illinois Dept. Mines and Minerals, Sixtieth Coal Report, 1941. Illinois Also Rich in Industrial Minerals The industrial minerals of Illinois include clay and clay products, cement, sand and gravel, crushed limestone, agricultural limestone, stone for flux and other uses, lime, fluorspar, fuller's earth, and sandstone. The pro- duction and value of these and other minerals for 1939 and 1940 is shown in Table V. 452 Table V: Summary of Production and Value of Illinois Minerals, 1939 and 1940 Mineral 1939 i 1940 3 Amount 2 Value Amount 2 Value Petroleum (barrels) Coal (tons) Pig iron (gross tons) Coke Clay products, including pottery . Cement. Portland (barrels) Sand and gravel (total tons) Sand: Structural Paving and road making. Glass Molding Railroad ballast Grinding and polishing... Blast Filter Fire and furnace Engine Other* Gravel : Structural Paving and road making. Railroad ballast Other Limestone (total tons) Construction. Curbing, flagging and paving. Road metal and concrete Flux.... Railroad ballast Riprap Rubble... Agricultural Other uses Natural gasoline (gallons) . Lime Fuller's earth Fluorspar (short tons) Quartz (silica) Clav shipments Tripoli Sandstone Pyrites Other minerals 7 . Total value, including pig iron and coke manufacture 94,302,000 46,450,000 2,860,577 1,884,240 4,648,834 9,764,050 1,405,244 879,337 ( 4 ) 486,490 ( 4 ) ( 4 ) ( 4 ) ( 4 ) ( 4 ) 66,518 1,194,098- 1,489,468 1,739,703 1,369,190 1,134,002 8,156,980 164,400 21,650 5,965,470 319,790 239,220 149,800 2,080 1,444,273 109,410 4,011,701 147,729 28,248 75, 257 ( 6 ) 126,611 ( 6 ) 236,560 ( 6 ) 1,077,211 $101,200,000 74,200,000 57,718,814 11,963,932 12,600,456 5,481,851 5,101,965 585, 234 383,288 ( 4 ) 467,955 ( 4 ) ( 4 ) ( 4 ) (*) (") 33, 145 1,202,612^ 726, 724 748,526 492,037 462,264 7,489,164 191,979 12,234 5,409,074 311,580 161,044 151,510 2,884 1,272,336 223,934 228, 882 1,064,154 218,553 1,638,693 ( 6 ) 271,730 ( 6 ) 301,435 ( 8 ) 1,253,534 146,788,000 49,495,000 3,900,000 3,014,840 4,937,000 10,753,448 1,702,712 1,363,919 ( 4 ) 553,472 ( 4 ) ( 4 ) ( 4 ) ( 4 ) 68, 104 50, 638 1,158,157 1,553,123 2,061,883 1,506,732 734,708 9,476,851 2,530 16,700 5,660,360 567,350 359,540 366,210 20,930 2,258,751 224,480 21,432,000 161,358 24,974 104,698 ( 6 ) 169,938 ( 6 ) 285,388 ( s ) 2,020,624 Total value, exclusive of pig iron and coke manufacture $280,733,163 $211,050,417 $158,746,200 79,172,000 78,650,000 18,217,939 15,453,783 7,209,431 5,838,125 790,558 521,022 ( 4 ) 530,402 ( 4 ) ( 4 ) ( 4 ) ( 4 ) 100,652 30,505 1,282,775 825,323 849,165 608,034 299,689 7,729,779 14,957 4,129 4,229,303 572,515 234,056 354,600 33,105 1,910,000 377,114 1,122,000 1,150,113 205,494 2,313,747 ( 6 ) 419,740 ( 6 ) 326,038 ( 6 ) 2,813,491 $379,367,880 $282,499,941 1 Final figures. 2 In tons except as noted. 3 Preliminary figures. * Included in "Other sands." 5 Includes figures for glass, grinding and polishing, blast, filter, and railroad ballast sand in 1940; in 1939, figures include fire and furnace sand in addition. 6 Included in "Other minerals." 7 Includes figures for quartz, feldspar pyrites, amorphous silica (tripoli), crushed miscellaneous stone, and natural cement. Fluorspar is deserving of special mention because it is a critical war mineral. The Illinois-Kentucky fluorspar field is now the major source from which the Western hemisphere must obtain its fluorspar for use in the all- important manufacture of steel and of aluminum. Production, exploration, and further development are proceeding rapidly in Hardin and Pope counties, Illinois. The Geological Survey is actively lending its aid, both in the field and laboratory, to the State's fluorspar industry, and is further cooperating fully with various Federal agencies interested in increased production and maintenance of reserves in the Illinois field. 453 The world's largest bituminous coal mine is located near West Frankfort, 111. Agricultural limestone production rose above the two million ton mark in 1940, which again gives Illinois the distinction of being the largest pro- ducer in the country. The use of limestone on farms has been substantially- stimulated through the agricultural conservation program. Mineral renewal of the soil at a time of great food production is most fortunate. New Geological Survey Laboratories At a very propitious time the Geological Survey has come into the pos- session of facilities for research which are most valuable in furnishing needed new information for this new technological war period. The new Natural Resources Building, built to house the Geological Survey and the Natural History Survey, was completed and occupied. The facilities for re- search which it provides will enable the Geological Survey, in its mineral research, to employ the most modern techniques of geological, physical and chemical science including the X-ray and spectograph. The building has five floors, all of which are fully utilized as offices, laboratories, grinding rooms, preparation rooms, machine shops, geologic col- lections, drafting rooms, filing rooms, photography, and library. All labora- tories are directly serviced with distilled water, steam, vacuum, and com- pressed air, electric current of various voltages, and much special equipment. Each laboratory is tailor-made for the particular kind of research to which it is devoted. Machine shops have been equipped for the construction of specialized research apparatus not available in the open market. Six laboratories are especially devoted to research on coal, two for in- vestigations directed to an understanding of the occurrence of oil and gas and groundwater, eight to studies of the non-metallic industrial minerals, two for investigations of paleontology and stratigraphy, and seven for research phases which are common to various minerals. In addition, another building, known as the Geological Survey Labora- tory, was completed for large-scale experimental work. It is located near the University Power Plant and in it applied research work on semi-plant scale is carried on to test the commercial merits of successful small-scale labora- tory findings. Special Program Is Outgrmcth of Defense Needs With the declaration of war, certain critical needs related to the State's mineral resources in the prosecution of war became immediately evident. With admirable alertness, the Governor called a special session of the Legis- lature, and one of the fruits of this meeting was a special appropriation for the Geological Survey for immediate expansion of its studies of the geological aspects of groundwater supplies, the search for additional oil and gas resources, the protection of our coal mines from damage by improper plug- ging of oil wells, and the prompt collection and distribution of all sorts of critical information. 454 Hydraulic mining of silica sand in LaSalle County 455 The structure of the Geological Survey's organization and the very na- ture of its normal program of research has enabled it to swing into this accelerated defense effort with a minimum of readjustment. Has Gathered Mass of Information on Resources For 36 years the Geological Survey has been mapping and assembling information on the geology and mineral resources of the State. Parts of the State have been covered in great detail, other areas in general reconnaisance, but with the extensive files of records of water wells, oil and gas wells, test holes, mine shafts, quarries, pits and cliff sections, a wealth of data has been accumulated. This information is being constantly drawn upon by all of the mineral industries of the State — coal mining companies, oil and gas companies, clay and clay products plants, rock and rock products plants, fluorspar mining interests, and others, by government institutions, municipalities and indus- trial plants in obtaining groundwater supplies; by county agricultural agents who promote the use of agricultural limestone for developing and conserving the productivity of the soils of the State; by engineers who require infor- mation on foundation conditions for large buildings, bridges, viaducts, pave- ments and dams for water reservoirs; by railroad companies who promote industrial development along their lines; and by universities, colleges and public schools for courses in science, sociology and economics. The preparation of an accurate topographic map of the State has also been in progress, and now that more than 70 per cent of the State has been mapped, there are many calls for maps, elevation data, locations of estab- lished benchmarks, accurate distances, drainage conditions, topographic situ- ations, etc., to meet the demands of the industrial development which is in progress or contemplated. Supply Information For Manufacturers Those engaged in chemical, metallurgical, and general manufacturing — wherever mineral raw materials are used in processing, for heat and power, or as a part of the manufactured product — have increasing need of informa- tion on sources and properties of a great variety of mineral substances. The changing technology, the appearance of new products, the demand for more rigid specifications of materials, new transportation facilities, changes in trade relations, and other factors require detailed physical and chemical information on materials not hitherto developed and information on methods of preparing such raw materials for specific uses. The rank of Illinois as the third State in the Union in the value of manufactured products is significant of the need and use made of such infor- mation. The Survey's studies in mineral economics have also developed valuable information for the industries of the State in their effort to enlarge their markets and successfully meet competitive conditions. Survey's Reseurch Program Is Varied The research program of the Survey has been necessarily varied to meet the needs, embracing the fuel minerals of coal and oil, clay and clay products, rock and rock products of many kinds, fluorspar, groundwater, engineering foundation conditions, fundamental stratigraphy and paleon- tology, and clay mineralogy. A study was completed and published on the geology, structure, and oil possibilities of extreme southern Illinois covering Union, Johnson, Pope, Hardin, Alexander, Pulaski, and Massac counties. Information is also being compiled on the methods being used and results attained by secondary recov- ery methods in various parts of the new oil fields. Collections are made of well-cutting samples, cores, and well logs, and samples of oil, gas, and brine are analyzed. Oil development maps have been issued for nine new areas and four additional new maps are nearing completion. Revisions have been made on 14 earlier maps. A monthly report is issued regularly giving detailed de- velopments in the oil fields. 456 Coal research labora- tory in Natural Re- sources Building, right, and center, the Geological Survey Research Laboratory, designed for investi- gations requiring large-scale equipment Left, special micro- scopes and optical equipment are used continually in Illinois mineral research 457 Airplane view of a large brick plant in northern Illinois. (Fairchild Aerial Surveys, Inc.) The potential possibilities of clay and shale resources of the State are great and much attention is being devoted to them. Two fundamental lines of investigation have been followed in the search for new information: (1) field studies of all of the varieties of clays and shales in the State having potential promise of development, and (2) a study of their constitution and properties to determine new and improved uses for both ceramic and non- ceramic purposes. A new directory of clay and clay products producers has lately been published which gives information on the locations of plants and their products. High purity dolomite resources are also being sought for use in the steel industry and for possible use in the manufacture of magnesium metal. The latter use was formerly considered remote but recently developed processes make the production of magnesium from dolomite a reality. Inquiries regarding possible sources of available dolomite of suitable com- position indicate industrial interest. A report has lately been published on "Feldspar in Illinois Sands." Feldspar producers and glass manufacturers are interested in local sources of this mineral on account of the increased use of glass to replace tin containers. Another investigation under way concerns the possible use of some of the highly colored clays and shales of Illinois as pigments for camouflage paints for war purposes. Cooperative studies are in progress to increase the amounts of rouge grade tripoli commercially recoverable from the amorphous silica deposits of southern Illinois. This tripoli is used for polishing optical lenses for important war purposes, and domestic supplies are of paramount importance due to the cutting off of foreign sources. One large outlet for Illinois clays, of particular importance in the present effort to produce the maximum amount of armament, is in the foundry industry, in the bonding of molding sands required to produce all kinds of cast metal shapes. An intensive study is being made of the Illinois clays for this purpose. Other studies in clay-mineral technology, created by the war effort, include research on the extraction of aluminum, and new treatment processes for producing large clay-mineral sheets with the proper electric insulating quali- ties so that they may take the place of imported mica in electrical apparatus. 458 Huge mechanical shovels have made large-scale coal stripping operations possible Geology of Groundwater Is Important Because of the great importance of water in the defense program, as well as in normal life and industrial activity, the study of the geologic aspects of groundwater supplies has become an increasingly large fraction of the research work of the Geological Survey. During the past year, 70 local studies have been made for municipalities and subdivisions, 40 for parks, schools and public works, 52 for industries, and 166 for private supply. This information is the result of geological studies in the field and in the labora- tory on well-cutting samples and well logs. The Survey also employs an electrical earth-resistivity apparatus in certain areas where grave problems of finding water have been encountered. Extensive surveys have been made especially in the Peoria region. The critical need for additional information, especially in areas of con- templated defense construction, resulted in a special appropriation by the Legislature for rapid furtherance of this work. In all of this, close co-opera- tion is given the State Water Survey and the State Department of Public Health. 22 Maps of Chicago Area Completed The final preparation of 22 geologic maps of the Chicago area has been completed and printing has been undertaken. An extensive report on the geology of the Marseilles-Ottawa-Streator area is nearly completed. Other stratigraphic and paleontologic studies to furnish fundamental information have also been made. A revised map of the geology of Illinois and a new glacial map of Illinois are being prepared. Many reports have been made on the geologic conditions at proposed damsites for municipal water reservoirs, and much assistance has been 459 rendered the State Highway Division in connection with geologic problems of road building. Six field conferences, held for science teachers in various parts of the State, had an average attendance of about 65 teachers. To meet the con- tinuing demand for class material, the Survey prepared many school sets of rocks, minerals and fossils characteristic of the State. A pamphlet was also prepared on "The New Oil Fields of Southern Illinois" in co-operation with the Illinois Chamber of Commerce, which was especially valuable to the public schools. Preparation of a state topographic map, which requires many years to complete, was further advanced by 575 square miles of additional completed mapping, in co-operation with the U. S. Geological Survey. A complete list of the maps now available together with a list of all geological publications may be secured by addressing the Chief, 100 Natural Resources Building, Urbana. Publications Issued in 1940 and 1941 Oil and Gas MAPS Oil and Gas Map of Illinois: A. H. Bell and G. V. Cohee. Editions of 1939, 1940 and 1941. REPORTS OF INVESTIGATIONS 67 — Porosity, Total Liquid Saturation, and Permeability of Illinois Oil Sands: R. J. Piersol, L. E. Workman, and M. C. Watson. 1940. 71 — Geology and Oil Possibilities of Extreme Southern Illinois — Union, John- son, Pope, Hardin, Alexander, Pulaski, and Massac counties : J. M. Weller. 1940. 76 — Surface Structure Map of Shelby, Effingham, and Fayette counties: W. A. Newton. Explanation and Summary : J. M. Weller and A. H. Bell. 1941. CIRCULARS 59 — Structural Trends in the Illinois Basin: G. V. Cohee and C. W. Carter. 1940. 67 — Recent Developments in Oil and Gas in Illinois: G. V. Cohee. 1940. 75 — Role of Fundamental Geologic Principles in the Opening of the Illinois Basin: A. H. Bell. Dec, 1941. ILLINOIS PETROLEUM SERIES 35 — Oil and Gas Development in Illinois in 1939: A. H. Bell and G. V. Cohee. 1940. 36 — Developments in Eastern Interior Basin, 1939 and First Quarter of 1940 : A. H. Bell. 1940. 37 — Oil and Gas Development in 1940: A. H. Bell and G. V. Cohee. 1941. 38 — Development in Eastern Interior Basin in 1940 : A. H. Bell. 1941. 39 — "Trenton" Production in Illinois: G. V. Cohee. 1941. OIL AND GAS DRILLING REPORTS 39-62 inc. Monthly reports on drilling activity. Mimeographed. Coal REPORTS OF INVESTIGATIONS 63 — Illinois Mineral Industry in 1939, with Special Discussion of the Distribu- tion of Coal in 1937 : W. H. Voskuil and G. N. Oliver. 73 — Moisture Relations of Banded Ingredients in an Illinois Coal : O. W. Rees, G. W. Land, and F. H. Reed. 1941. CIRCULARS 58- — Structure of Herrin (No. 6) Coal Bed in Randolph, Western Perry. South- western Washington, and Southeastern St. Clair counties : G. H. Cady. Notes on the Oil and Gas Possibilities: A. H. Bell. 1940. 70 — The Oxidizing Power of Illinois Coal. I. The Reaction with Titanous Chloride: G. R. Yohe and C. A. Harman. 1941. 71 — Structure of Herrin (No. 6) Coal Bed in Madison County and Western Bond, Western Clinton, Southern Macoupin, Southwestern Montgomery, Northern St. Clair, and Northwestern Washington counties : J. N. Payne. Notes on Oil and Gas Possibilities: A. H. Bell. 1941. 73 — Contribution to Pennsylvanian Paleobotany: Notes on the Lepidocarpaceae. J. M. Schopf. 1941. Industrial Minerals REPORTS OF INVESTIGATIONS 44 — The Mica in Argillaceous Sediments: R. E. Grim, R. H. Bray, and W. F. Bradley. Second printing. 1941. 63 — Illinois Mineral Industry in 193 9, With Special Discussion of the Distribu- tion of Coal in 1937 : W. H. Voskuil and G. N. Oliver. 1940. 460 64 — Tests on Face Brick from Illinois and Other States : C. W. Parmelee. 1940. 65 — Agricultural Limestone Resources of Cumberland, Effingham, Clay, Rich- land, and Jasper counties: R. M. Grogan and J. E. Lamar. 1940. 66 — Investigations of the Effect of Heat on the Clay Minerals Illite and Montmorillonite : R. E. Grim and W. F. Bradley. 1940. 68 — Effect of Fluorspar on Silicate Melts with Special Reference to Mineral Wool : J. S. Machin and J. F. Vanecek. 1940. 69 — (1) Elements of the Petrographic Study of Bonding Clays and of the Clay Substance of Molding Sands : Ralph E. Grim. (2) Mineral Composition and Texture of the Clay Substance of Natural Molding Sands : Ralph E. Grim and Carl E. Schubert. (3) Relationship between the Physical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Bonding Clays: Ralph E. Grim and Richards A. Rowland. 1940. 72 — Petrographic and Ceramic Properties of Pennsylvanian Shales of Illinois : R. E. Grim. 1941. 74 — Part 1 — Illinois Mineral Industry in 1940; Part 2 — Historical Summary. 1919-1939: W. H. Voskuil and G. N. Oliver. 1941. CIRCULARS 61 — Agricultural Limestone Distribution in Illinois in 1939: W. H. Voskuil and G. N. Oliver. 1940. 62 — Progress Report on the Investigation of the Properties of Illinois Shales and Clays as Mortar Mix : R. K. Hursh, J. E. Lamar, and R. E. Grim. 1940. 65 — -(1) The Profile of Soil Weathering and Its Importance in Highway Con- struction : G. E. Ekblaw. (2) The Clay Minerals in Soils and Their Significance: R. E. Grim. 1940. 72 — Agricultural Limestone Distribution in Illinois in 1940. Preliminary re- port: W. H. Voskuil and G. N. Oliver. 1941. General Geology BULLETINS 65 — Geology of the Chicago Region — Part 1, General: J H. Bretz. 1940. REPORTS OF INVESTIGATIONS 61 — Subsurface Geology of the Chester Series in Illinois : L. E. Workman. Subsurface Geology of the Iowa (Lower Mississippian) Series in Illinois: J. N. Payne. 1940. 62 — Mississippian Border of the Eastern Interior Basin: J. M. Weller. 1940. 70 — Preliminary Geologic Map of Parts of the Alto Pass, Jonesboro, and Thebes Quadrangles — Union, Alexander, and Jackson counties : J. M. Weller and G. E. Ekblaw. Explanation and Stratigraphic Summary : J. M. Weller. Includes map on scale of 1 inch to the mile. 194 0. 76 — Surface Structure Map of Shelby, Effingham, and Fayette counties: W. A. Newton. Explanation and Summary: J. M. Weller and A. H. Bell. 1941. 77 — Chester Ostracodes of Illinois: C. L. Cooper. 1941. Filling a brick kiln at a northern Illinois plant 461