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LINCOLN ROOM 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 
 LIBRARY 
 
 MEMORIAL 
 
 the Class of 1901 
 
 founded by 
 
 HARLAN HOYT HORNER 
 
 and 
 
 HENRIETTA CALHOUN HORNER 
 

 ' ' 
 
 ■:..■■......■■ . ■ . : : ' ;■ - 
 
 The 
 Lincoln Memorial 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2012 with funding from 
 
 University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 
 
 http://archive.org/details/lincolnmemorialOOsite 
 
Copyright 1936 
 
 by 
 Maud Kay Sites 
 
The 
 Lincoln Memorial 
 
 Compiled by 
 
 MAUD KAY SITES 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Printed by 
 
 JUDD & DETWEILER INC. 
 
 Washington, D C. 
 

 
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THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL 
 
 TO secure a firm foundation, the Memorial stands on a tower of 
 concrete, sunk to bed rock varying in depth from 40 to 60 feet. 
 Built of pure white Colorado marble, it rises majestically on 
 the east bank of the Potomac and occupies, with the Capitol 
 and the Washington Monument, a place of honor on the central 
 axis of the city plan, as conceived nearly a century and a half ago 
 by the French engineer, Major Charles Pierre L/Enfant. Below 
 the terrace in front of the Memorial a reflecting pool 2,000 feet 
 long and 160 feet wide mirrors the Washington Monument and 
 the Lincoln Memorial. On the western side Arlington Bridge 
 across the Potomac links the Memorial with Arlington House 
 on its stately hill. The architect was Henry Bacon. 
 
 Surrounding the walls of the Memorial and forming a symbol 
 of the Union is a Doric colonnade of 36 columns, one for each 
 State in existence at the time of Lincoln's death. On the frieze, 
 between medallions composed of double wreaths of laurel and 
 pine, the names of these States are inscribed, with the dates 
 of their entrance into the Union. The colonnade is 188 feet 
 long and 118 feet wide, the columns 44 feet high and 7 feet 8 
 inches in diameter at their base. Around the attic walls above 
 the colonnade, a running border of 48 memorial festoons, sup- 
 ported at intervals by eagles, represents the present Union. 
 Here are inscribed the names of all the States with their dates of 
 admission. 
 
 From the pool below, a long flight of terraced marble steps 
 leads gently up to three broad inter-columnar spaces, and to the 
 single, wide opening in the east wall. 
 
 The oblong hall — 184 feet long, 134 feet wide, and 60 feet 
 high — is divided into three parts by two transverse Ionic colon- 
 nades, the central hall being a little larger than the two flanking 
 spaces. The interior walls and colonnades are of gray stone; 
 the floor of neutral pink marble and the ceiling of bronze beams 
 and translucent marble slabs. 
 
 Five 
 
Entering the Memorial the visitor comes face to face with the 
 colossal seated figure of Lincoln in the central hall, executed in 
 white Georgia marble by Daniel Chester French. The arm- 
 chair is 12^2 f ee t high and is draped at the back with a flag. 
 The whole rests on a base of Tennessee pink marble ten feet 
 high. The figure is 19 feet high from the top of the head to 
 the sole of the boot. The head alone is 3 feet high. The statue 
 weighs 150 tons. With its pedestal and base it rises to a height 
 of 30 feet. 
 
 The lines inscribed above the statue were written by Royal 
 Cojdrtissoz: 
 
 IN THIS TEMPLE 
 
 AS IN THE HEARTS OF THE PEOPLE 
 
 FOR WHOM HE SAVED THE UNION 
 
 THE MEMORY OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN 
 
 IS ENSHRINED FOREVER 
 
 In a single panel on the south wall we may read the Gettys- 
 burg Address; and in three panels on the north wall the Second 
 Inaugural Address. Above each of these inscriptions is a sym- 
 bolic mural in beautifully subdued colors, the work of Jules 
 Guerin. Six years were required to build the Lincoln Memorial 
 at a cost of $2,940,000. It was dedicated on Memorial Day, 
 1922. Its classic beauty, strength and dignity have placed it 
 among the architectural gems of the world. 
 
 Seven 
 
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 Group above the Gettysburg Address, typifying Freedom and Liberty 
 
 THE mural decorations, accompanying the memorial in- 
 scriptions, are 60 feet long and 12 feet in height and each 
 canvas weighs 600 pounds. The two panels contain 48 figures 
 and the painting is absolutely weather-proof. Each panel 
 shows three groups against a background of cypress trees, the 
 emblem of Eternity. 
 
 The central group above the Gettysburg Address shows the 
 Angel of Truth giving Freedom and Liberty to the slave. They 
 are guarded by two sibyls. The group on the left represents 
 Justice and Law. The central figure in the Chair of the Law 
 holds in one hand the Sword of Justice and in the other the Scroll 
 of the Law. Seated at her feet are two sibyls interpreting the 
 Law. The figures on each side are Guardians of the Law, holding 
 aloft the torch of intelligence. The group on the right repre- 
 sents Immortality. The central figure is being crowned with the 
 laurel wreath of Immortality. The standing figures are Faith, 
 
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Hope and Charity. At the sides are vessels of wine and oil, 
 the symbols of Everlasting Life. 
 
 The central group above the Second Inaugural Address has 
 for its motive Unity. The Angel of Truth joins the hands of 
 laurel-crowned figures of the North and the South, and with her 
 protecting wings enfolds the arts of Painting, Philosophy, Music, 
 Architecture, Chemistry, Literature and Sculpture. Behind 
 Music stands the veiled figure of the Future. The left group 
 represents Fraternity. The central figure of Fraternity holds 
 in her encircling arms Man and Woman, the symbols of the 
 Family destined to develop the abundance of the earth. At 
 the sides are the vessels of wine and oil— symbols of Everlasting 
 Life. The group to the right represents Charity, attended bv her 
 handmaidens, who give to the halt and the blind the Water of 
 Life, and to the orphans protection and care. 
 
 Group above Second Inaugural Address, typifying U 
 
 nion 
 
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 FOUR SCORE AND SEVEN YEARS 
 AGO OUR FATHERS BROUGHT FORTH 
 ON THIS CONTINENT A NEW NATION 
 CONCEIVED IN LIBERTY AND DEDICA- 
 TED TO THE PROPOSITION THAT ALL 
 MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL. 
 
 NOW WE ARE ENGAGED IN A GREAT 
 CIVIL WAR TESTING WHETHER THAT 
 NATION OR ANY NATION SO CON- 
 CEIVED AND SO DEDICATED CAN LONG 
 ENDURE . WE ARE MET ON A GREAT 
 BATTLEFIELD OF THAT WAR . WE HAVE 
 COME TO DEDICATE A PORTION OF 
 THAT FIELD AS A FINAL RESTING 
 PLACE FOR THOSE WHO HERE GAVE 
 THEIR LIVES THAT THAT NATION 
 MIGHT LIVE . IT IS ALTOGETHER FIT- 
 TING AND PROPER THAT WE SHOULD 
 DO THIS . BUT IN A LARGER SENSE 
 WE CAN NOT DEDICATE— WE CAN NOT 
 CONSECRATE— WE CAN NOT HALLOW— 
 THIS GROUND . THE BRAVE MEN LIV- 
 ING AND DEAD WHO STRUGGLED HERE 
 HAVE CONSECRATED IT FAR ABOVE 
 OUR POOR POWER TO ADD OR DETRACT . 
 THE WORLD WILL LITTLE NOTE NOR 
 LONG REMEMBER WHAT WE SAY HERE 
 BUT IT CAN NEVER FORGET WHAT THEY 
 DID HERE . IT IS FOR US THE LIVING 
 RATHER TO BE DEDICATED HERE TO 
 THE UNFINISHED WORK WHICH THEY 
 WHO FOUGHT HERE HAVE THUS FAR 
 SO NOBLY ADVANCED . IT IS RATHER FOR 
 US TO BE HERE DEDICATED TO THE 
 GREAT TASK REMAINING BEFORE US— 
 THAT FROM THESE HONORED DEAD 
 WE TAKE INCREASED DEVOTION TO 
 THAT CAUSE FOR WHICH THEY GAVE THE 
 LAST FULL MEASURE OF DEVOTION— 
 THAT WE HERE HIGHLY RESOLVE THAT 
 THESE DEAD SHALL NOT HAVE DIED IN 
 VAIN— THAT THIS NATION UNDER GOD 
 SHALL HAVE A NEW BIRTH OF FREEDOM— 
 AND THAT GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE 
 BY THE PEOPLE FOR THE PEOPLE SHALL 
 NOT PERISH FROM THE EARTH . 
 
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 The Gettysburg Address 
 
 Ten 
 
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 FELLOW COUNTRYMEN: AT THIS SECOND APPEARING TO TAKE THE OATH OF 
 THE PRESIDENTIAL OFFICE THERE IS LESS OCCASION FOR AN EXTENDED AD- 
 DRESS THAN THERE WAS AT THE FIRST : THEN A STATEMENT SOMEWHAT IN 
 DETAIL OF A COURSE TO BE PURSUED SEEMED FITTING AND PROPER : NOW AT 
 THE EXPIRATION OF FOUR YEARS DURING WHICH PUBLIC DECLARATIONS HAVE 
 BEEN CONSTANTLY CALLED FORTH ON EVERY POINT AND PHASE OF THE GREAT 
 CONTEST WHICH STILL ABSORBS THE ATTENTION AND ENGROSSES THE EN 
 ERGIES OF THE NATION LITTLE THAT IS NEW COULD BE PRESENTED : THE PROG- 
 RESS OF OUR ARMS UPON WHICH ALL ELSE CHIEFLY DEPENDS IS AS WELL KNOWN 
 TO THE PUBLIC AS TO MYSELF AND IT IS I TRUST REASONABLY SATISFACTORY 
 AND ENCOURAGING TO ALL : WITH HIGH HOPE FOR THE FUTURE NO PREDIC 
 TION IN REGARD TO IT IS VENTURED. 
 
 ON THE OCCASION CORRESPONDING TO THIS FOUR YEARS AGO ALL 
 THOUGHTS WERE ANXIOUSLY DIRECTED TO AN IMPENDING CIVIL WAR : ALL 
 DREADED IT— ALL SOUGHT TO AVERT IT : WHILE THE INAUGURAL ADDRESS 
 WAS BEING DELIVERED FROM THIS PLACE DEVOTED ALTOGETHER TO SAVING 
 THE UNION WITHOUT WAR INSURGENT AGENTS WERE IN THE CITY SEEKING 
 TO DESTROY IT WITHOUT WAR— SEEKING TO DISSOLVE THE UNION AND DIVIDE 
 EFFECTS BY NEGOTIATION : BOTH PARTIES DEPRECATED WAR BUT ONE OF THEM 
 WOULD MAKE WAR RATHER THAN LET THE NATION SURVIVE AND THE OTHER 
 WOULD ACCEPT WAR RATHER THAN LET IT PERISH : AND THE WAR CAME. 
 
 ONE-EIGHTH OF THE WHOLE POPULATION WERE COLORED SLAVES NOT 
 DISTRIBUTED GENERALLY OVER THE UNION BUT LOCALIZED IN THE SOUTH- 
 ERN PART OF IT : THESE SLAVES CONSTITUTED A PECULIAR AND POWERFUL 
 INTEREST : ALL KNEW THAT THIS INTEREST WAS SOMEHOW THE CAUSE OF 
 THE WAR : TO STRENGTHEN PERPETUATE AND EXTEND THIS INTEREST WAS 
 THE OBJECT FOR WHICH THE INSURGENTS WOULD REND THE UNION EVEN BY 
 WAR WHILE THE GOVERNMENT CLAIMED NO RIGHT TO DO MORE THAN TO 
 RESTRICT THE TERRITORIAL ENLARGEMENT OF IT : NEITHER PARTY EXPECTED 
 FOR THE WAR THE MAGNITUDE OR THE DURATION WHICH IT HAS ALREADY 
 ATTAINED : NEITHER ANTICIPATED THAT THE CAUSE OF THE CONFLICT MIGHT 
 
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 The Second Inaugural Addresd 
 Twelve 
 
CEASE WITH OR EVEN BEFORE THE CONFLICT ITSELF SHOULD CEASE : EACH 
 LOOKED FOR AN EASIER TRIUMPH AND A RESULT LESS FUNDAMENTAL AND 
 ASTOUNDING : BOTH READ THE SAME BIBLE AND PRAY TO THE SAME GOD AND 
 EACH INVOKES HIS AID AGAINST THE OTHER : IT MAY SEEM STRANGE THAT 
 ANY MEN SHOULD,DARE TO ASK A JUST GOD'S ASSISTANCE IN WRINGING THEIR 
 BREAD FROM THE SWEAT OF OTHER MEN'S FACES BUT LET US JUDGE NOT THAT 
 WE BE NOT JUDGED : THE PRAYERS OF BOTH COULD NOT BE ANSWERED— THAT 
 OF NEITHER HAS BEEN ANSWERED FULLY : THE ALMIGHTY HAS HIS OWN PUR- 
 POSES : "WOE UNTO THE WORLD BECAUSE OF OFFENSES FOR IT MUST NEEDS 
 BE THAT OFFENSES COME BUT WOE TO THAT MAN BY WHOM THE OFFENSE 
 COMETH." 
 
 IF WE SHALL SUPPOSE THAT AMERICAN SLAVERY IS ONE OF THOSE OFFENSES 
 WHICH IN THE PROVIDENCE OF GOD MUST NEEDS COME BUT WHICH HAVING 
 CONTINUED THROUGH HIS APPOINTED TIME HE NOW WILLS TO REMOVE AND 
 THAT HE GIVES TO BOTH NORTH AND SOUTH THIS TERRIBLE WAR AS THE WOE 
 DUE TO THOSE BY WHOM THE OFFENSE CAME SHALL WE DISCERN THEREIN 
 ANY DEPARTURE FROM THOSE DIVINE ATTRIBUTES WHICH THE BELIEVERS 
 IN A LIVING GOD ALWAYS ASCRIBE TO HIM : FONDLY DO WE HOPE— FERVENTLY 
 DO WE PRAY— THAT THIS MIGHTY SCOURGE OF WAR MAY SPEEDILY PASS AWAY : 
 YET IF GOD WILLS THAT IT CONTINUE UNTIL ALL THE WEALTH PILED BY THE 
 BONDSMAN'S TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY YEARS OF UNREQUITED TOIL SHALL 
 BE SUNK AND UNTIL EVERY DROP OF BLOOD DRAWN WITH THE LASH SHALL 
 BE PAID BY ANOTHER DRAWN WITH THE SWORD AS WAS SAID THREE THOUSAND 
 YEARS AGO SO STILL IT MUST BE SAID "THE JUDGMENTS OF THE LORD ARE TRUE 
 AND RIGHTEOUS ALTOGETHER." 
 
 WITH MALICE TOWARD NONE WITH CHARITY FOR ALL WITH FIRMNESS IN 
 THE RIGHT AS GOD GIVES US TO SEE THE RIGHT LET US STRIVE ON TO FINISH 
 THE WORK WE ARE IN TO BIND UP THE NATION'S WOUNDS TO CARE FOR HIM 
 WHO SHALL HAVE BORNE THE BATTLE AND FOR HIS WIDOW AND HIS ORPHAN- 
 TO DO ALL WHICH MAY ACHIEVE AND CHERISH A JUST AND LASTING PEACE 
 AMONG OURSELVES AND WITH ALL NATIONS. 
 
 Thirteen 
 
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HENRY BACON— Architect of the Lincoln Memorial, was 
 born at Watseca, Illinois, November 28, 1866, the son of Henry 
 and Elizabeth (Kelton) Bacon, both of Massachusetts. His 
 architectural studies began in the offices of Chamberlain & 
 Whidden, in Boston. In 1888 he entered the office of McKim, 
 Mead and White of New York City. The following year he won 
 the Rotch Traveling Scholarship for architectural students and 
 spent two years in study and travel in Europe. A devoted ad- 
 herent of the theory of Greek architecture, his work is profoundly 
 marked by that influence. 
 
 The history of American architecture records no more im- 
 pressive occasion than that in May 1923, when Bacon stood, 
 under the evening sky, on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial, 
 his crowning work, and received from President Harding the 
 Gold Medal of the American Institute of Architects, the highest 
 distinction in the power of his fellow craftsmen to confer. He 
 died February 16, 1924. 
 
 DANIEL CHESTER FRENCH— Sculptor, was born in 
 Exeter, New Hampshire, April 20, 1850. He studied sculpture 
 under Thomas Ball in Florence. Among his best known works 
 are the Minute Man of Concord; the statue of John Harvard 
 at Cambridge; the statue of General Cass, the group Dr. Gal- 
 laudet and His First Deaf Mute Pupil, the Butt-Millet and the 
 Dupont fountains, all in Washington; the colossal statue of the 
 Republic in Chicago; the bronze doors of the Boston Public 
 Library; the statue of Alma Mater at Columbia University, 
 N. Y.; and the statue of Abraham Lincoln at Lincoln, Nebraska. 
 He died in 1931. 
 
 JULES GUERIN— Artist, was born in St. Louis, Missouri, 1866, 
 son of Richmond L. and Louise (Davis) Guerin. He was a pupil 
 of Benjamin Constant and Jean Paul Laurens, Litt.D., Dart- 
 mouth College, Hanover, N. H. Awarded Yerkes Medal; 
 silver medal, St. Louis Exposition 1904; gold medal Panama 
 Pacific International Exposition in 1915. Director of color and 
 decoration, Panama Pacific International Exposition. Painted 
 decorations in the Pennsylvania Station, New York City; in 
 Federal Reserve Bank, San Francisco, Illinois Merchants Bank, 
 Chicago, Union Trust Bank, Cleveland, Civic Opera House, 
 Chicago, and the State Capitol, Baton Rouge, La. He is now 
 living in New York City. 
 
 Fifteen 
 
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA 
 
 973.7L63ESI8L 
 
 C001 
 
 THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL WASH DC 
 
 3 0112 031812271