914. 34G C6>5t- ■o ^ I » 9 50 *» 10 — 4 50 »> 5 — 5 30 » 5 36 9 40 » 9 50 SILVER. 5 Franc piece .... 2 Franc piece .... 1 Franc piece .... Half-franc 2 20 — 56 — 28 — 14 TABLE FOR CONVERTING FLORINS INTO FRANCS, AND FRANCS INTO FLORINS. Florins. Francs. Cents. Francs. Florins. Kreutz. 1 2 14 1 — 28 2 4 28 2 — 56 3 6 42 3 1 24 4 8 57 4 1 52 5 10 25 5 2 20 6 12 86 6 2 48 7 15 — 7 3 16 8 17 14 8 3 44 9 19 29 9 4 12 10 21 43 10 4 40 20 42 86 20 9 20 30 64 29 30 14 — 40 85 72 40 18 40 50 107 14 50 23 20 60 128 57 60 28 — 70 150 — 70 32 40 80 171 43 80 37 20 90 192 86 90 42 — 100 214 29 100 46 40 500 1071 43 500 233 20 1000 2142 85 1000 466 40 GUIDE TO BADEN-BADEN. + HISTORY. The early history of the town of Baden is enveloped in the deepest obscurity ; for the ancient Germans did not cultivate the art of writing, and the little information left us on the sub- ject by the Romans has not been preserved. If the complete works of Tacitus and Pliny were still in existence, perhaps they might have thrown some light on the matter. After the geological organisation of the country, it is evident that it experienced many changes before it assumed the form it now presents to the eye ; and this supposition is substantiated on seeing the mass of rocks that crown the Bather and the Schiossberg, for although they do not present the appearance of an extinct volcano, still their existence proves that they have been operated upon and elevated to their present position by subterranean force ; nothing, however, can be gleaned from history on the subject. However, during many centuries the valley of the Rhine presented a totally different aspect to that which it does at the present time ; and it is certain that at one time the river sent an arm that directed its course along the bases of the neighbouring mountains, united itself to the other arm near Iffezheim, and extended to the environs of Wiesloch. The banks are still visible near Sandweier, and he sandy B 2 HISTORY OF BADEN-BADEN, plain between Eastadt and Schwarzach, is certainly formed by alluvial deposits. At this period, the country was already inhabited, as may be concluded, by all the villages round about being built on the borders of this arm, and that those which occupy dif- ferent situations are of more recent origin. The first in- habitants were without doubt Celts, who sought to build their habitations on the most advantageous sites, and where they were most exposed to the sun. Many parts of the country still bear Celtic names, and several tombs have been preserved. As the Celts preferred those hills that commanded a fine view, on which to erect their dwellings, and as they knew how to appreciate the value of Thermal waters, one is led to suppose that they established themselves also on the spot where is now situated the town of Baden-Baden. Unfortunately, the Celts did not stay long enough in the valley of the Ehine, for they were driven from the vicinity of the river by the other races of people. Many centuries before the Christian era, the celebrated emigration of the Eastern races began ; at first it progressed slowly and by degrees ; but it was suddenly endowed with new life, and progressed with an activity hardly to be imagined towards the commencement of the Middle Ages. In this manner, the Cimbri and Teutons advanced as far as the Ehine, and marched against France and Italy. After their repulse, they established themselves in Germany, sub- divided themselves into several petty tribes, and the names of Cimbri and Teutons disappeared. They then took other names, by which the places where they established themselves maybe recognised. Thus the Vangiones inhabited the borders of the Neckar ; the Nemetes, near Spires ; the Triboci, nearer the Ehine ; and the Harudes, the Black Forest. These Germanic races, belonging to a race of Sueves, were HISTORY OF BADEN-BADEN. 3 generally speaking, inconstant and roaming, and they des- troyed all that the Celts had established. In course of time they were displaced by other people ; and probably there then existed in Germany the race of Oser, of whom Tacitus speaks, but we are not led to believe that they established themselves near Baden, or that they derived their name from the Oos ; neither is it probable that they occupied the possessions that the Celts had abandoned, nor that they knew the properties of the Thermal waters of Baden. The valley of the Bhine was for a length of time a subject of discord between the different races. About the year 72 b.c., Arioviste, aided by the Sueves and others, passed the Bhine on his way to Gaul, but he was beaten by Caesar near Montbeliard and forced to recross the river, and they stayed in comparative tranquillity for some time ; but as soon as Caesar returned to Italy, they penetrated again into the country, where they always met with such a desperate resistance on the part of the Boman general, Germanicus, that Marbod assembled his German troops and retreated to Bohemia, which country offered him greatest security. Thus the province of the Upper Bhine was occupied, now by one race of people and then by another, and even a few Celts established themselves again in the country ; the haughty and warlike spirit of the inhabitants had much degenerated, and the Bomans hazarded not only to pass the Bhine, but even to establish a sort of military province for the protection of their empire, and to impose a tribute upon the inhabitants. The Bomans, were, however, constantly obliged to guard against the invasions of the Eastern people, and to take every precaution to resist their attacks. They built, during the reign of the Emperor Adrian, an extensive rampart, com- 4 HISTORY OF BADEN-BADEN. posed of ditches, embankments, and walls flanked by towers, according as the ground required. This rampart was subsequently completed in stones by Probus, from the Danube to the Maine and Taunus. On the most important and elevated sites behind this rampart, they established fortifications and castles, to serve as retreats for the soldiers, and to communicate signals ; also several bodies of men were despatched to discover any situation that might prove useful ; they also organised sta- tions capable of containing the largest body of men, and also to serve ^s the centre of their warlike operations. This was the only means of procuring security to the country, and of presenting an effectual resistance to the undisciplined hordes of the enemy. There is no doubt Baden was a rallying-point of this nature ; for even supposing the Thermal waters were not sufficiently attractive to draw the attention of the Bomans to it, its situation was too important to have been neglected. There was not a more favourable position to be found than that which lay between Strasbourg and Spires, two important posts opposite Selz and Weissenbourg, not far from the road that ran along the ancient bank of the river, and situated among the important heights of the Ybourg, the Mercury, and Ebersteinbourg, which offered an extensive view on all sides ; and also the projection of the rocks behind the sources offered the best opportunity to build a citadel. One, there- fore, concludes from this, that among the first establishments of the .Romans, Baden was not lost sight of, and that before the time of Trajan, they established there a military posi- tion. At any rate, this emperor was the first who established baths here ; and it is certain, from authentic documents, that his successors, Adrian and Antoninus, enlarged them, and also established new ones. That which these two HISTORY OF BADEN-BADEN. 5 emperors neglected was continued about half a century later by Caracalla, who, although being then only heir to the throne, already liked to stay in this country (as the various monuments erected to him by the town attest). When he became emperor he did still more for the town, which then took, in his honour, the name of Aurelia. The time of the prosperity of Baden was not of long dura- tion ; for the Eastern people again marched against the Boman empire with new forces, and would not suffer them- selves to be repulsed. In a.d. 211, the Germans gave battle to the Emperor Cara- calla, on the borders of the Maine ; but it led to no decisive result. They often renewed their attacks, without any advantage on either side ; but in the time of Probus they succeeded in passing over the rampart, and devastated the country of the Upper Bhine. After having • been, with great difficulty, re- pulsed by the Emperor Probus, he built the rampart in stone, tried to people the country, and also to cultivate it, by intro- ducing the culture of the vine ; but this tranquillity did not last. The Germans were in the end conquerors, and they destroyed all the Boman establishments, which caused the downfall of Baden. The struggle continued for a length of time on the Upper Bhine — now against the Franks, then against the Germans, who were beaten by Julian near Stras- bourg, a.d. 355. But they stayed some time on the right bank of the Bhine, and soon became victorious. Temerity followed this success ; and having the enemy behind them, they ventured to attack France ; but this enter- prise proved their ruin. After the decisive battle of Zulpich , in the country of the Lower Bhine, against King Chlodowig, a.d. 476, they were put to rout, passed the Bhine in great haste, and dispersed. Their country was then occupied by the Franks, as a conquered province ; but they respected the 6 HISTORY OF BADEN-BADEN. usages and customs of the Germans, and even permitted them to follow their ancient code of laws, with such modifi- cations as became the introduction of Christianity. In the place where Baden is now situated, was the boun- dary between the country of the Franks and the Germans ; and the reason why the small streamlet, the Oos, was chosen as a frontier, in preference to the Mourg — which, from its size, would have been a more natural limit — proves that Baden, by its baths, was already a place of importance to the Franks. After the division of the country into districts ( Gaue ), Baden became part of the UfFgau, which was bounded on the south-west by the Herrenwiese and the Oosbach, on the west tjy the Bhine and the district of Spires, on the north by the districts of Pfinz and of Anglach, and towards the east by the Mourg; so that it extended from Forbach to the Farm of Dettenheim, and from the Bhine to Langenalb. But Baden was not the chief town of the district, although it is first mentioned ; and many others, such as Kuppenheim, claimed precedence. As the dominion of the Franks extended, Christianity spread through the country, where many years before a good foundation had been laid, by some Boman soldiers and foreign missionaries. The struggle of the ancient belief of the coun- try with the first rays of Christianity, evidently furnished the subject of the tradition of the Angel’s and the Devil’s Pulpits, which shows that in the forest of the great Staufen- berg, the ancient service of the gods was celebrated in the place where was the altar of Mercury ; that from the castle of Eberstein (Ebersteinbourg), this pagan worship was vigor- ously opposed ; and that, in the end, Christianity was glo- riously introduced. It is certain, that in the seventh century there existed at Baden a Christian church, which had once been a Boman temple. It then belonged to the ecclesiastical HISTORY OF BADEN-BADEN. 7 district of Kuppenheim, and the bishopric of Spires, which extended as far as there. Baden appears for the first time in authentic documents, towards the year 712. In this year, on the 1st of August, the King, Dagobert, endowed the convent of Weissenbourg, at the request of the monks, with all the baths in the Uffgau which had been established by the Emperors Adrian and Antoninus, as well as the territory dependent on them. And this he did in the hope of assuring the safety of his soul, and the ad- vancement of his empire. The convent was thus enabled to obtain a footing on the right bank of the Bhine, where it acquired considerable riches. In the mean time, the house of the Counts of Calw en- larged, and divided itself into several branches ; and the counts, seeing that Baden was in a hand that had no longer power to defend it, sought and obtained possession of it them- selves. They were enabled to act thus with the more impu- nity, as at this time the authority of the Frankish kings was on the decline, and all the powerful nobles were regarded as sovereigns. At this juncture, Pepin made good use of his power — humiliated them, and once again order was estab- lished. The monks of Weissenbourg again sought to make them- selves masters of Baden, and King Louis surrendered it to them in 871. But this endowment met with the same fate as before, and Baden came % again into the possession of the powerful Counts of Calw, who then joined the county of Uffgau to their territory. The German kings possessed for some time several posses- sions at Baden. King Otho III. made a present of one of these fiefs to one of his favourites, in 987. This same prince stopped also at Baden in 994, with his chancellor, the Bishop Hildibald, and signed here an act for Schwarzach. King Conrad II. seems to have added to his old dwelling a new 8 HISTORY OF BADEN-BADEN. one, comprising a palatium, buildings, gardens, fields, mea- dow-lands, and grounds for bunting and fishing. His son, Henry III., however, renounced his claim to this dwelling, a.d. 1046, in favour of the bishopric of Spires. From that time, none of them have possessed any domains at Baden ; for that one that a knight Botto acquired, a.d. 1073, and that one that Henry III. presented to the Bishops of Spires, with the remaining territory under his domination, a.d. 1101, seem to have been the last of these fiefs. They pretend, however, to have possessed, even in recent times, towers, walls, and ditches belonging to this royal castle, and in 1837 to have demolished a tower belonging to it — the place that it occupied being still called the “ Royal court,” and the street that runs from it “ Royal lane.” But this is not so certain as is generally believed ; for some pieces of wall near Pfalzenberg are still regarded as the remains of a royal castle, the Herrengut as a dependence, and the Grce- venhof (now Krippenhof) as a royal domain. The nobles in these times were accustomed to build their castles on the most elevated points, which, from their import- ance, had previously been fortified by the Romans : thus the members of the powerful family of Calw came to establish themselves at Eberstein, at Baden, and other places. These counts were the most powerful men in the south of the Rhenish part of the country of the Franks ; and possessed not only the Wirmgau, but also the counties of Uffgau, Zabergau, and Murrgau. They separated themselves into three branches ; viz., Calw-Calw, Loewenstein, and Vaihingen. These three branches subdivided themselves into several others, which took the names of Malsch, Himmelsberg, Staufenberg, Vorchheim, Hohenberg, and Eberstein ; and their descendants flourished for many centuries under this last denomination. After Gebhard in 950, and Cuonradus or Cunp from 987 to HISTORY OF BADEN-BADEN. 9 995, had held the office of provincial judge in the Uffgau, Adelbert of Calw evidently appeared in this office from 1041 to 1046, and no doubt left this charge to his son or to his brother Keginbod, who is mentioned a.d. 1057. Towards the year 1085, the Count of Malsch had possessions at Stupferich; the Count of Himmelsberg at Broetzingen and at Berghausen ; the Count of Staufenberg at Bastadt, Kuppenheim, and Eber- stein ; the Count of Hohenberg at Beiertheim, Knielingen, Berghausen, Groetzingen, and on the Hohenberg near Berg- hausen — all bound together by those parental ties that existed between them and the Counts of Calw. One of them possessed part of the Uffgau as county of Vorcheim ; for later they designated the possessions of the counts less by the name of Gau (“ district”), than by that of their resi- dences. There is now no longer any doubt, that the territory that became later the patrimony of the Margraves was originally an heritage of the counts of Calw, and that the Margrave Herr- mann I. of Verona., married Judith, daughter of one of the branches of the Calw family, who brought him, as her dower, the possessions of Baden and Backnang, and their successor was their son Herrmann II. The alliance of the Margrave Herrmann I. with a countess of Calw, and the interest his house took in the affairs of the Dukes of Zcehringen, are the only weighty reasons why the king, Henry IV., should have taken from the Calw family the county of Vorcheim, or the county (the charge of provincial judges) of the IJffgau, and presented it to his faithful bishopric of Spires : and from Beginbod I. the county of the Uffgau is not mentioned. In the meantime, the counts of Calw tried hard to recover their possessions ; and when Henry, a.d. 1097, reconciled himself with his enemies, they made every effort in their power to reconquer them. 10 HISTORY OF BADEN-BADEN. They succeeded, after some time, in obtaining that which they desired ; but on condition that Staufenberg, Gernsbach, and Loffenau, should remain fiefs of the bishopric of Spires ; and, a.d. 1102, the Count Herrmann, grandson of Albert I. of Calw, reappeared as Count of Uffgau. No one of them afterwards appears under this title, but Reginbod II., a.d. 1115, for the possession of judge of the pro- vince ( Gaugrafen ), passed to the castle of Eberstein ( Eber - steinbourg ), and their territory took the name of County. The district of Baden, on the contrary, was only called a manor or dominium, and was under the jurisdiction of the county of Uffgau at Eberstein ; so that the assertion made by Sattler in his “ Chronicles of Fribourg,” that the Margraves of Baden were originally vassals of the Counts of Eberstein (that is to say, under their jurisdiction), is not a tradition, but the truth ; for Baden, at that time, possessed very little importance. The new domination of Baden comprised, be- sides the two castles and the baths, the north- west portion of the ancient territory, with which Dagobert had endowed the convent of Weissenbourg, and which passed in the thirteenth century for the principality of Baden. Herrmann II. was then Lord of Baden, Dominus, Prince of the Empire, Comes Bris- gorse, and possessed also of his title of Marchio of Verona. The Margravate of Baden did not then exist, for in 1100 he appears in the dignity of “ Lintberg,” and not till twelve years later in that of “ Baden,” so that it seems that he had not till then resided there. He only resided here now and then ; Herrmann IV. was the first Margrave, and from a.d. 1160 he made it his habitual residence. In consequence, the country became enlarged; and, long before the year 1243 it possessed a parish. The foundation ‘of the collegiate church dates from this period. After the death of Herrmann V., when his widow founded the convent of Lichtenthal, in the neighbour- HISTORY OF BADEN-BADEN. 11 ing valley of Beuren, the Margraves, Herrmann VI. and Bodolph I., took more interest in the affairs of the little town of Baden than had hitherto been shown towards it. Bodolph I. soon found the castle of Baden to be small and inconvenient, and, in consequence, took up his abode at the old castle of Eberstein, which, some time before, had fallen by inheritance to his family, contained larger apartments, and was in a better state of defence. It then possessed three chapels, and the houses of the vassals extended to the bottom of the valley, near Balg. The ruins of their habita- tions are still to be seen. Bodolph and his descendants, who must have seen the advantages that would accrue from a residence in the environs of a flourishing town, possessed of such salutary springs, did all in their power to enlarge the castle of Baden ; and they fortified the town so well, that it was able, in 1330, to oppose a vigorous resistance to Ber- thold II. of Strasbourg, who, in consequence of a quarrel between the Margrave and himself, besieged it. Under Bodolph I., also, the baths were re-established, and accommo- dations prepared for those strangers who were attracted to the town by the reports that were circulated concerning the efficiency of the hot springs. Baden at this time must have been of a pretty good extent, for the Margrave, Bernhard I., obtained permission from the Pope to convert the parochial church into a collegiate church. When the darkness and superstition of the middle ages began to disappear, and the sovereigns obtained a greater command over the turbulent nobles, the towns became more flourishing, and their power was strengthened by mutual alliances: new inventions and discoveries enlightened the minds and softened the manners of the people, and introduced a new and quiet life. The nobles abandoned their castles, those nests of robbery and exaction, and settled in their towns, where their presence, approbation, and, in some cases, 12 HISTORY OF BADEN-BADEN. example, encouraged and protected commerce, the arts, and sciences, and thus increased the wealth and prosperity of their possessions. The Margraves of Baden, among others, preferred this kind of life ; and the Margrave Christopher, on his accession to the throne, laid the foundation of the new castle : he established his residence here in 1479, and made every effort to prosper the town. He confirmed its ancient rights and privileges, and accorded new ones, improved the accommodations of the baths, and engaged authors to publish far and near the virtues of the thermal waters. Soon a considerable number of strangers hastened to this marvellous source, and every year there were as many as three thousand bathers. Even foreign princes built themselves houses here, attracted by the endless fetes and rejoicings given by the court to make their sojourn agreeable. The Count Palatine Henry Otho constructed here, toward the middle of the sixteenth century, in the neighbourhood of the principal source, and near the inn of the “ Griffin,” an establishment of this kind, to which he gave the name of “The Trumpet” This building was afterwards joined to the inn. At this time, the town was in a most flourishing condition, having recovered from the disas- trous effects produced on it by lengthened wars. There were established here six bathing establishments, containing all together three hundred and sixty-nine baths. In 1511, Beinhard Beck of Strasbourg established a printing- office in this town ; and in the month of August, 1510, the Margrave Christopher gave police-regulations to the town, in which he ratified its ancient privileges. This happy condition of Baden seems to have been of short duration; for, in 1551, a terrible plague decimated the inhabi- tants of Germany. Hardly any place escaped ; its devastating influence was felt everywhere ; and the sons of the Margrave Bernhard, Philibert and Christopher II., abandoned the de- HISTORY OF BADEN-BADEN. 13 populated countries, and took refuge with their aunt at Munich. Baden, however, was miraculously preserved, for the plague stopped its devastating course at Scheuren. All the hot springs had been let run through the streets, and it is very possible that the vapour arising from these salutary waters purified the atmosphere, and thus arrested the pro- gress of the scourge. In commemoration of this event, a chapel was erected at Scheuren. This miraculous occurrence forms the subject of the second fresco painting in the Trinkhall ; the legend concern- ing which is as follows : — “Near the end of the fifteenth century, the pestilence ravaged almost all countries of Germany. The widow of a Margrave of Baden, Charles I., who had died by this perilous disorder, Catherine of Austria, a sister of the Emperor Frederick III, sought a refuge from the pestilence, to secure her youngest children, on the highest pinnacle of the old castle. “ One night, when the babies slept on the carpet in the corner of the room, and the pious mother knelt praying for their lives by their side, the holy virgin appeared in all her heavenly splendour to the Margravine. On one side of the virgin appeared the image of the cloister of Lichtenthal, on the other, the steaming hot springs in Baden. The holy virgin, after first having stretched out her hands to the slumbering children, pointed with her right to the image of cloister Lichtenthal, and with her left to the fuming hot springs, whereupon the whole appearance melted into air % “The pious Margravine thought well to interpret those heavenly signs, when she consecrated her children to the service of the church. Also, the next morning she ordered to lay open all the hot springs in the town. The warm mineral water ran for some time profusely through the streets, abundantly emitting steam. By this remedy the perilous pestilence ceased to ravage in Baden. The princely 14 HISTORY 1 OF BADEN-BADEN. babies were destined by tbeir mother for holy orders. Mar- garet afterwards died abbess of the cloister Lichtenthal, and her brother, Frederick, bishop of Utrecht.” When the Reformation had obtained some footing in the Softth of Germany, the Margraves of Baden embraced it also, and Bernhard III. and his son Philibert introduced it into his dominions : Thomas Anselme, of Baden, was also a zealous partizan. After the sudden death of Philibert, his son, Philibert II., was educated at the Catholic court of Munich, and this was the cause of his introducing again the Catholic doctrine. This prince demolished the castle built by Christopher, and erected another on its site, which cost him an immense sum of money ; and he contracted considerable debts. This edifice was finished in 1579, and was distinguished for its size, beauty, and the massiveness of its construction. After his death, which took place nine years later, he was succeeded by his cousin, Edward Fortunatus, who drew many misfor- tunes on his country by persecuting the Protestants in a tyrannical manner. He held, during his reign, a sort of council at the Town Hall, on the 18th November, 1569, which was especially convoked by Pistorious of Fribourg. As might be naturally expected, it led to no result, beyond increasing the hatred of the two parties. Even his marriage with Mary of Eicken, daughter of the Governor of Breda, led to unhappy results, as this union was a misfortune, not only to those who contracted it, but also for the country. A» it was a “ m6salliance,” his children were declared incapable of succeeding to the throne, and the country was occupied by George Frederick, of Baden-Durlach. This personage did all in his power to ameliorate the condition of Baden ; but the Battle of Wimpfen, in 1622, drove him from his possessions, the Spanish General, Spinola, then occupied Baden-Baden, HISTORY OF BADEN-BADEN. 15 and the sons of Edward Fortunatus were reinstated in their right by an imperial decree. At this time, the two branches were more than ever op- posed to each other, and the Catholic religion was introduced everywhere. With the intention of propagating it still more, the Margrave founded the monastery of Capuchins at the entrance of ‘the town, and invited a number of Jesuits from Spires. During the Thirty Years’ War the fortunes of Baden changed many times. The Protestants were victorious ; the Margrave William was obliged to fly the country, then in possession of the Swedes, under the command of the Gene- rals Horn and Ochsenstierna, and the command in the town was given to the Colonel Scheflalitzky. The Capuchins and J esuits were then expelled, the coun- try was obliged to render homage to the Margrave Frederick, of Baden Durlach ; and whoever refused the oath was dismissed from all employment. The doctrine of the Reformation, which had still many secret partisans, was again introduced, and on the 31st July, 1633, the first Lutheran minister was installed in the collegiate church. This state of things, however, did not last ; for, in the following year, the battle of Nordlingen again turned the tables, and the Margrave William was reinstalled in his resi- dence by the Austrians. This fearful war extended for a long time its ravages, and as military discipline was set aside by both parties, it spread devastation on all sides. In 1643, the Duke of Saxe Weimar, at the head of his army, pillaged Gernsbach, set Steinbach on fire, and caused much damage to Baden. The enemy had at all times compassion on the unfortunate inhabitants, re- spected the convent of Lichtenthal, and restored to the Capuchins the provisions that had been taken from them. These troops were replaced by the Swedes and the French^ 16 HISTORY OF BADEN-BADEN. who stayed in the vicinity of the valley of the Bhine until towards the year 1648, the couriers brought the welcome news, that peace was at last concluded. The losses that the country had experienced were very great, and it was only little by little that its wounds were healed. But this repose was not of long duration ; the year 1672 brought the enemy in the neighbourhood, and in 1689 the war of succession in the palatinate again spread desola- tion throughout the country of the Bhine. While the Austrians were engaged in a war against the Turks, the French general, Duras, advanced towards the mar- gravate of Baden, on his way from the palatinate, in 1688, and Baden was occupied for three months by his soldiers, who, however, retired on the approach of the imperial troops, upon which the lieutenant-general, Virts of Budenz, entered the town. On the 11th March, 1689, a French detachment advanced close to the town, and set the little village of Scheuren and several houses in the vicinity of the town on fire. These marches of the enemy w T ere stopped by the plan of the fortifications of Stollhofen, but unfortunately Virts re- ceived orders to retire again to Baden, where he arrived the 13th of August, resolved to defend it to the last extremity. The inhabitants therefore took courage, and became so unconcerned that no one thought of turning the time thus obtained to account by putting their goods in security. When the news arrived that the French had set Durlach on fire, and pillaged Ettlingen, Virts received a second order that commanded him to leave Baden and to retire to the moun- tains, which he did, abandoning the town on the 16th of August, most of the inhabitants following him. The Margravine Maria Frances, born Countess of Furs- tenberg, fled with her son Leopold, first to the convent of Liclitenthal, and afterwards to the castle of Eberstein, from HISTORY OF BADEN-BADEN. 17 where she sent her confessor to the General Duras at Bastadt, to beseech him to spare the town of Baden, as it would be of no use as a military post. Duras, alleging the orders of his minister, after some difficulty, consented that Cardinal Furs- tenburg might send a courier to the King of France, engag- ing to undertake no operations against Baden till his (the courier’s) return. Believing in these protestations, the Margravine returned to Baden, and the same day a detachment of French troops advanced to 'protect it . This detachment was followed by several others, who rased the fortifications and filled up the ditches round the town. In the meantime, Stollhofen and Kuppenheim were committed to the flames, and on the 23rd of August, Buhl, Steinbach, Bastadt, and the villages of the valley of the Bhine shared the same fate. They then tried to engage the Margravine to quit Baden ; but this intrepid woman resolved to stay. The French then began their infernal devastations. They opened the tombs of the collegiate church, and dispersed the bones ; and Leteliier, son of Louvois, Minister of War, insulted the misfortune of the Princess, by having gay airs performed under her window, by a military band, while the lamentations of the unfortunate inhabitants rent the air. The Margravine had already sent her son from Eberstein to Forbach ; and when, on the 24th of August, the French set fire to the convent of nuns, on the Schlossberg, she fled also, after which the college of J esuits, the collegiate church, and most of the houses in the town became the prey of the flames, and columns of fire and smoke rose on all sides. The con- vent of Capuchins which, by order of General Duras, had alone been spared, was also set on fire the 6th of November. It was only with great difficulty that Baden recovered from such a terrible blow, still more as the valley of the Bhine was often afterwards desolated by wars. It is true that the c 18 HISTORY OF BADEN-BADEN'. Margravine Sybille Augusta, rebuilt the castle ; but her husband, the Margrave Louis, thought proper, in 1709, to transfer his residence from Baden to Bastadt, where he con- structed a magnificent palace in imitation of that at Versailles. Baden having thus lost the court and the personages of distinction, the baths could no longer prosper, and the inha- bitants would have found themselves in a very critical position had they not found sufficient resources in agriculture and industry. In 1771, the Margrave Charles- Augustus of Baden-Baden, died, and as he was the last of his race, the country fell, by inheritance, into the hands of Charles Frederick of Baden- Durlach, a wise and noble prince, who did all in his power to raise his new possessions from the devastated condition in which he found them, and to spread throughout the country, civilisation, agriculture, and pros- perity. But for a long time, he only experienced ingratitude ; for the widow of the last Margrave, Maria Victoria of Aremberg, who had established her residence at Baden, exerted all her efforts, in conjunction with the Jesuits and their partizans, to fanaticise the citizens against the Pro- testant prince. They even brought an action of religion against him, that reached the Aulic Council of the empire, but turned to the disadvantage of those who had caused it. This process so afflicted the good prince, that he wished never to see Baden again, and it was only at a very advanced age that he consented to return to it. The baths were for a long while neglected and little fre- quented, and even some houses that had been set on fire during the war of thirty years, such as the Griffon, and the Ungemach, were not rebuilt. It was only when the French emigrants came to Baden, and that war brought numerous troops in the vicinity, that the town began to recover from HISTORY OF BADEN-BADEN. 19 her fallen condition. On the 4th of July, Lecourbe, followed by the vanguard of Moreau’s army, entered the town, fighting, where this general concluded, at the Salmon, an armistice with Wurtemberg. In the following year the town was again frequented, in consequence of the celebrated congress that was held at Eastadt, that drew a crowd of personages of distinction to Baden, and spread throughout Europe the renown of its salutary springs, and the ravishing beauties of its scenery. A greater number of distinguished persons then came to Baden ; the government did all that was possible to ameliorate the condition of the baths, and constructed, in 1802, a gallery of antiquities. The number of strangers who visited Baden augmented day by day ; the Lyceum was transferred to Eastadt, and this building, which had been before a convent of Jesuits, was used as a conversation house, in which the bank was established. Being in the neighbourhood of the Trinkhall and the baths, this building answered the purpose very well as long as the number of bathers was not considerable, and consisted only of sick persons. But when the majority of visitors came only for their pleasure, new and more spacious buildings were required ; thus, in 1822, the position between the Bentig, the Friesenberg, and the Oosbach, was chosen for the erection of a new Maison de Conversation, which was let on a lease of sixteen years to M. Chabert, for the annual rent of 29,000 florins. From this time dates the prosperity of Baden : the number of strangers increased every year ; rich English, French, and Eussians, flocked to this lovely spot ; the hotels were en- larged, and became more elegant ; magnificent buildings rose on all sides, new streets, superb promenades, and good roads were made in all directions ; in fact, everything possible was 20 HISTORY OF BADEN-BADEN. done to render Baden worthy of her visitors. Thus Baden became a general rendezvous for the aristocracy. Little by little the number of invalids decreased, and the peaceable and social life led here, when the majority of the visitors were of this kind, gave place to a luxuriousness and magnificence that even London or Paris could not surpass. The Grand Duke Leopold especially, who before and after his accession to the throne, was accustomed to visit the place every year, paid particular attention to the fine old tower of his ancestors, employed art to embellish that which nature had already endowed with charms, and preserved with the greatest care the monuments that his predecessors had erected. After the expiration of the first lease, M. Chabert was replaced, in 1838, by M. Benazet, of Paris, who paid a much higher rent (45,000 fl.), and, in spite of that, did more for Baden in one year than his predecessor had in ten. He enlarged and newly decorated the Maison de Conver- sation, established a better restaurant, and a good orchestra, secured the first artistes of the day, and paid, on entering, the sum of 100,000 fl., to be employed for the embellishment of the town. Baden then had attained a high degree of splendour that elevated the price of apartments in an enormous degree ; for this reason, a great number of houses were built and furnished with the greatest luxury. However, this state of prosperity suddenly changed, for in 1840, rumours of war inspired general alarm ; the Russians, to whom travelling was interdicted, no longer came, and the railroads, now completed, brought such a number of the middle classes, that persons of distinction, finding themselves continually brought in contact with those of an inferior station, retired, little by little, from Baden. These were replaced by a considerable number of strangers ; but naturally the middle classes were not in a condition to incur any great expense. HISTORY OF BADEN-BADEN. 21 Still they tried to render it once more a fashionable water- ing-place ; a magnificent Trinkhalle rose in the plain ; gas was introduced ; a railway was constructed from Oos to Baden ; and, when M. Benazet was succeeded by his son, this second M. Benazet constructed, in 1855, a suite of apartments in the Maison de Conversation, which, for their magnificence’ are second to none in Europe. Public confidence being at last re-established, distinguished English, French, and Russian visitors again came to spend the summer months in this fairy-land ; and Baden has at last attained that pitch of greatness of which she is rendered so worthy by the splendour of her public establishments, the liberality of her chief, M. Benazet, the healing properties of her mineral springs, and the picturesque beauty of her en- virons. CLIMATE. There can be but one opinion as to the healthiness of this favoured spot, protected as it is from the high winds by the surrounding mountains, from the east winds by those called the great and small Stauffenbergs ; on the oppo- site side the Fremersberg equally defends the town from the westerly gales, while on the north side, owing to a greater elevation of the mountains, the protection is still more se- cure ; indeed it has been found so healthy a spot, that many families who have visited Baden merely for the summer months, have prolonged their stay through the autumn, and, eventually, have become permanent residents : amongst these are several English. The elevation of Baden is only a few hundred feet above the level of the sea, exerting, as a late writer has remarked, a happy influence on the constitu- tion. The thunder storms which frequently visit mountainous countries are here generally rendered harmless by the direc- 22 HISTORY OF BADEN-BADEN. tion of the wind, given by the arrangement of the hills, which is such that the heaviest clouds, as soon as they are gathered over the town, are in most cases driven beyond it. This is the more important to be known, as there are many persons, particularly invalids, who could not possibly reside in a place where the effects of thunder-storms are imme- diately felt. Here they are modified, harmless, and of short duration. Altogether the climate is exceedingly temperate, and Baden-Baden may fairly be stated as one of the most healthy places in Germany ; a fact proved by the recorded experience of hundreds of persons, both native and foreign. 23 DESCRIPTION OF BADEN-BADEN. The town of Baden is situated at a distance of three miles from the end of the valley of the Oos, on the Oosbach. It presents the form of an amphitheatre, on the slope of the Schlossberg, and partly occupyies the valley at the foot of this mountain. From the north-west (from the station) to the south-east its length is three-eighths of a league, and from the Maison de Conversation to its greatest elevation, its breadth is 500 perches, and extends principally towards the east, south, and west. The old town extended from the bridge opposite the Hotel du Cour de Bade, along the Oos, as far as the Hotel d’Angleterre, and from there to the hospital ; from the Hotel du Cerf it was surrounded by walls flanked by four towers, and separated from the castle on the top of the Schlossberg by a wall, still partly preserved. This part of the town is in general very steep, and its centre was between the collegiate church and the Hotel de Ville. The modern part is formed of the faubourgs of Scheuren and Lichtenthal, and is of considerable extent, especially in the latter direction. Besides this, buildings have been erected on sites com- manding a southern aspect, and also on the neighbouring heights ; so that the town seems to be encircled by a garland of charming country houses. The Town contains thirty-five streets and lanes, only a few of which are of any considerable lengtS, with names difficult 24 THE TOWN. to express, and more difficult to understand. The number of houses at present constituting the town of Baden is 619, divided into four quarters. We subjoin a table of the streets where these numbers are to be found : — Scheuerner Strasse, 1 — 28 Wetzel, 29 — 35 Lange Strasse, 36 — 55, 68 — 76 85—102, 114—118, ISO- 136 Wilhelm Strasse, 56 — 60, 64 — 67 Louisen Strasse, 61 — 63, 81 — 84, 140—148 Muhlen Gasse, 77 — 80 Kufer Gasse, 103—113 Butten Gasse, 119 — 129 Leopold Strasse, 137 — 139, 152— 155, 164, 422—430 Fusel Strasse, 149 — 151 Promenade, 156 — 161 Allee, 162, 163 Kreuz Strasse, 165 — 177 Lichtenthaler Strasse, 178 — 187, 209—214, 234—237, 247—313, 381—387 Untere Hardt Gasse, 188 — 208 Eich Strasse, 215—221, 232, 233 Obere Eich Gasse, 222 — 230 Untere Eich Gasse, 231, 240, 241 Seiler Gasse, 238, 239, 242 — 246 Amalien Strasse, 314 — 344 Obere Hardt Gasse, 345, 354 Stephainen Strasse, 355 — 363, 390—392 Scheiben Gasse, 364 — 369 Bettig Strasse, 370—380 Leopold^ Platz, 388 Sophien Strasse, 389, 393 — 411, 412—421 Gernsbacher Strasse, 431 — 497 Stein Gasse, 498 — 522 Markt Platz, 523—533, 553— 564 Hollen Gasse,' 534 — 548 Schloss Staffeln, 549 — 552 Kirsch Gasse, 565 — 576 Schloss Strasse, 577 — 587 Schlossberg, 588 — 608 Herrengut, 609 — 618 Krippenhof, 619 The principal streets are the Lange Strasse and the Sophien Strasse. The former* is the most lively street in Baden : it B A *.0£ THE NEW CASTLE. 25 is 170 perches long, and of pretty good width; and extends from the Hotel de la Cour de Baden to the back of the Victoria Hotel. The latter runs from the Leopold’s Platz to the Hotel Saumon, near which is the Hospital Church, where English divine service is performed. On each side of the street are newly-constructed houses, which, together with the double row of trees that run down the centre, gives this street a most enlivening appearance. Tiae new Castle, situated on the most elevated portion of the town, first merits our attention. It is probable that on the spot where it now stands, in the time of the Romans a temple stood, devoted to the tutelary gods of the town ; and that the subterraneous chambers, about which so many con- jectures have been formed, w^ere the subterraneous world devoted to the gods of Tartarus. The knights of the middle ages being accustomed to build their castles on those spots that had been built upon before by the Romans, and where the ruins would serve as founda- tions for their erections, leads us to suppose that Christopher I. was induced to build a castle on the foundations of the temple. One hundred years later, this castle was demolished by Philip VI., who built a superb palace on its site. This second palace was in its turn destroyed by the devastating French ; and of all its magnificence, there now only remains the terrace and Dagobert’s tower. A third palace was ,some time after erected, by Sybile Augusta, in the simple and un- ornamented style it now presents to the beholder. None of the succeeding Margraves thought it worthy of embellishment ; and instead of ornamenting this edifice, they built a magnificent palace at Rastadt, to which they trans- ferred their residence, a.d. 1709. The present edifice is in the form of an irregular quadran- gle, and its exterior can lay no claim to beauty ; but the 26 THE COLLEGIATE CHURCH. — OLD TRINKHALLE. interior, which was magnificently decorated by the Grand- Duke Leopold, contains some splendid apartments, particu- larly those on the first-floor, which contain full-length portraits of the ancestors of the family of Baden. The apartments of the Grand-Duke and those of the Grand-Duchess also deserve attention. Antiquaries will find satisfaction in visiting the subterranean chambers (the entrance to which being in a corner of the small tower on the south-west side of the cas- tle), which from the iron doors, concealed exits, etc., seem to have been used, in the middle ages, for a means of retreat in case of sudden invasion, till other troops, warned by signals, could come to the assistance of the besieged. In front of the south side of the castle is a garden, supported by a terrace which commands most extensive and beautiful views. Tiae Collegiate Church, on the market-place, near the springs, is built, like most of the public edifices, on Roman foundations ; there having been first erected here a Roman temple, which in course of time was converted into a Christian church, the erection of which is supposed to date from the tenth century. The Margraves, James I. and Philip I., orna- mented it with rich altars, costly draperies, and splendid pictures. It has served alternately for a place for the cele- bration of the Protestant and the Catholic forms of worship. It was burnt down by the French in 1689, and was rebuilt in 1752 by the contributions of the inhabitants. Many Mar- graves, together with their families, are buried here ; and the tombs of the Margraves Louis William and Leopold William particularly deserve attention. Behind the church stands the — ©id Trinkiialie, very near to the principal source. It is in a very simple style, but commands a magnificent view over the surrounding country. It now contains a great number THE HOSPITAL. — THE SUMMER-HOUSE. 27 of ante-Eoman and Eoman monuments, which have been found at Baden and in the environs. Of Eoman monuments there are — three altars of Hercules, on which Hercules is represented as the Tyrian god of trade, with the apples of the Hesperides in his hand ; a monument devoted to Nep- tune — a water-trough, with symbolical representations refer- ring to Egypt, etc. Behind the Trinkhalle is the Convent of Nuns of the order of the Holy Sepulchre — a most gloomy building ; but which possesses a splendid garden, where the sisters are interred. It at present contains a superior and twenty nuns, who wear black habits, which colour shall be changed to white when the holy sepulchre is in the possession of the Chris- tians. Tiae Hospital stands at the end of the Sophien Strasse, and is now only used as a refuge for aged and infirm persons. The Hospital church is built in the Gothic style, and con- tains the mortal remains of many an ancient knight. It is here where English Divine service is performed every Sun- day, at a quarter past eleven and a quarter past three. Tiae Summer-house of the Grand-Duchess Stephama. — The hill occupied by this handsome villa was a Eoman burying- ground. This plantation of the Grand-Duchess is open for all well-dressed persons. The Summer-house of the Grand- Duke is situated on the promenade, from which it is sepa- rated by the Oos-bach. The house stands in a garden, which is very tastefully arranged. X'uriiisified Eiocigring-s. — At the present moment, the town of Baden contains 619 houses, 390 of which are lodging- houses ; it may hence be inferred, that no difficulty exists as 28 FURNISHED LODGINGS.— SERVANTS. to obtaining apartments by those who object to the bustle of a hotel. For persons intending only to make a short stay, a hotel is of course the most desirable ; indeed, few, if any, of the larger and best apartments can be hired for less than a month ; but small apartments and single bedrooms may be hired by the week, varying of course in price, according to size and situation, from 20 to 400 florins a month. The greatest number of the large suites are in the New Promenade and the Sophien Strasse. Many of the best houses contain 3 and 4 saloons, and from 18 to 24 bedrooms, with kitchens, stabling, coach-house, etc. ; but in other parts of the town they are occasionally to be met with. In Lange Strasse there are several large apartments ; but the situation is bad, and the entrances are frequently through a dirty yard. In most lodgings, the people will only undertake to get breakfast and tea ; so that those who prefer dining in their apartments, must either order dinner from a restaurant, or provide ser- vants of their own to cook it : to assist those who might prefer adopting the latter plan, in another part of the book will be found the prices of provisions, etc. Servants are not so bad as a late writer (Mr. Whitelock) would imagine ; he says, “ that if you have a cook, you may consider yourself very fortunate in escaping a person who robs you in going to market, fleeces you in every possible manner, squanders your substance in the kitchen, keeps a lover — and very often three — out of the house at your expense, breaks the kitchen utensils or burns them, entailing upon you an enormous expense, and who so completely spoils the water requisite for your tea, etc., as to make her a nuisance and a pest ; they are also generally very dirty.” This is a sweeping condemnation ; and it may have hap- pened that Mr. Whitelock kept a cook, and it may have happened that she was dirty and filched a few kreuzers — the RESTAURATEURS. 29 result probably of low wages — but Mr. Whitelock must have kept a well stocked larder to have enabled his cook to main- tain four persons upon the pickings ! — presuming of course that this wholesale condemnation is the result of personal experience. That there are debauched servants here as well as elsewhere, I do not attempt to deny ; but I would merely observe, that gentlemen or even ladies, who occasion- ally may favour the world with an account of their in-comings and out-goings, funny sayings and queer doings, their pic- nics, and their nicks to pic, should well consider the conse- quences to a useful, and, in most cases, a meritorious class of individuals, of such a general condemnation. The wages of a cook by the year in Baden, varies from 30 florins to 150, according to her capabilities. A housemaid or servant of all work from 20 to 100 florins a-year. Men servants from 150 to 300 florins. In the event of not keeping house, a small allowance is usually made in the shape of board wages. Servants may be hired by the month, quarter, or year. Persons in want of servants are recommended to apply at the Bureau de la Liste des Etrangers. Restaurateurs. — The lodginghous e-keepers in Baden having a decided objection to cook for their tenants, and the occasional inclination of most persons to dine in their own apartments, has led to the establishment of several Traiteurs, persons who undertake for a fixed sum to supply dinners at any hour in the day, provided notice is given in the morning. It cannot, however, be expected, that after the meat is taken from the fire, cut into portions, placed in dishes, and carried perhaps the length of two or three streets, that you will get it very hot ; I would, therefore, recommend those who may happen to be particular on this point, to dine at one of the numerous 30 SHOOTING. — FISHING. — LANDLORD AND TENANT. and well supplied tables d’h6te ; it is quite as cheap, better food, and greater variety, to say nothing of the enjoyment one must ever feel at the contemplation (if you have time) of seeing so many persons so pleasantly and actively em- ployed. For list of Restaurateurs see Appendix. Shooting*. — The privilege to shoot game in the forests in the Duchy of Baden, is to be obtained either directly from the government, who let by public auction usually for a period of ten years, certain portions of districts, varying from 15 florins a-year to 600 ; jjrevious, however, to the party being allowed to become a lessee of a district, he must produce testimonials as to his respectability, and competence not only to take care of his own life, but also not likely to take the life of another, by mistaking a man (married of course) for a buck. Strangers may enjoy the pleasure of shooting by receiving the permis- sion of the lessee, either as a personal favour, or for a cash consideration. srisiaing*. — The right of fishing is also let on the part of the government, in lengths of about five miles along the banks of the rivers ; the government have, however, granted to strangers the privilege of fishing with hook in the Oos river from Lichtenthal to the village of Oos. To fish in the Murg river, permission is easily obtained from one of the lessees residing on its banks, for one or two florins. Fishing in the Rhine is allowed to all persons, both natives and strangers, except in the back waters which are always let to fishermen. Good fishing tackle is to be purchased, but not in Baden. ]ELsfen«ii©r cheese and such light food ; but those who would prefer something more solid had better take it with THE OLD CASTLE. 83 them. There are two additional ways to descend, but they are rough and difficult to find without a guide, and should never be attempted by those either on horseback or on mules. a?Sae old Castle. — This is a most delightful excursion either on horseback, assback, on foot, there and back, or carriage- hack. As a ruin, it is nothing when compared to Heidelberg ; but the short distance from Baden, its romantic situation and the good cheer always to be had from sun-rise to sun- setting, has rendered it vastly popular. Pic-nics, on your own account, or breakfasts, lunch, or dinners, on account of the host, are readily and comfortably provided. • For pedestrians, the most pleasant way is by the new flight of steps behind the hospital church, which takes you through the garden of the New Palace. There are also foot-paths through the garden of the Zahringer Hotel, and from behind the town church. On gaining the carriage-road, way-marks will direct you au vieux Chateau : foot-paths will occasionally be met with, by which the distance (though not the fatigue) will be curtailed. Seats are conveniently placed at distances — rendering the ascent quite practicable and easy, occupying not more than half an hour from the New Palace — for those persons having the use of their legs ; lazy people only ride up. The first thatched shed with a table is a resting-place, commonly mistaken for that known as Sophienruhe, which is . much higher on the left as you ascend, and may more conve- niently be visited on descending. On entering the ruins, on the left is the restaurant, consisting of a kitchen, salle-a- manger, and a large and handsome saloon with two ante- chambers above. Order your dinner, or breakfast, in an hour, and proceed to inspect the ruins. I will not attempt to direct you, as excursion-parties are generally composed of the two sexes, in even pairs ; hence it follows that some would be in 84 THE OLD CASTLE. the cellars, others in the garret, whilst another pigeon-pair might be cooing in the shrubberies. Go out at the furthest porch, and take the right path up stone steps to the first projection of rocks ; again to the right, right again ; down stone steps, wooden bridge, back again, straight forward ; first to the right again, down stone steps, into the road to Gerns- bach ; right again will bring you to the entrance of the ruins ; turn right into the house, and recruit your exhausted ener- gies. Two seolian harps are placed in the upper and lower win- dows, whose magic tones produce a singular effect in these ruins, especially in the dusk of evening. This palace was the residence of the Margraves of Baden for three centuries ; and the Margrave Herrmann IV. is supposed to have first inha- bited it. It continued the residence of the succeeding mar- graves up to the year 1479, when Christopher I., having built the New Castle, took up his abode there. It was destroyed, along with the town of Baden, by the French, in 1688. In an easterly direction from the palace, a row of rocks stretches along for about a mile ; so that there is no doubt but that, in former times, they formed a compact wall with the rock upon which the castle stands, which has been split by some terrestrial convulsion in later times. This appears evi- dent from the enormous rocky masses, which lie scattered here in such quantities, that they would suffice to build a small town. Concerning these rocks, the following legend is extant — a scene from which is represented by a fresco in the Drink- hall : — “ One beautiful morning, at daybreak, in times of yore, almost past all recollection, a youthful knight went with his favourite hound on a hunting excursion to the rocks in the gloomy pine-forest. On a sudden, a young doe, white as the driven snow, stepped out of the thicket. The knight and his LEGEND OF THE WHITE DOE. 85 greyhound flew after her ; however, the animal fled with the swiftness of lightning, when she stopped abruptly at the borders of a clear prattling stream, where he beheld before him a most charming maid, sitting on a mossy stone. The form of the virgin was delicate, and the glance of her skyblue eyes kind ; her fair ringlets overshadowed her forehead, and she was more charming than any maiden he had ever seen. The greyhound pressed himself trembling to the feet of his master, for he recognised a supernatural being. “ The white doe lay fearlessly prostrate by her side, caress- ing and kindly licking the hand of her protectress. The knight, who was not timid, approached the young fair one, saluted her, which she returned, and accosted her. She then asked him, but with sweet and mild words, what the poor animal had done wrong to him, that he was hunting her ? Whereupon he asked from whence she came, and where she lived ? “ ‘ I am no stranger here,’ she replied, c as I am residing in your very neighbourhood.’ “ ‘ You please to jest,’ answered the knight ; ‘ I know all the fair daughters of the neighbouring noblemen round about ; and you are of no common descent.’ “ 6 Certainly not,’ she replied, laughing, to this ; c I am the child of honest people ; and, as a proof of our neighbourhood, I next time shall salute you out of my window.’ “ ‘ And your name V “ i Is Florine,’ she replied. “ By this conversation, the knight became more familiar to the fair one ; but when he ventured to breathe a kiss on her rosy lips, she sprinkled a handful of water, out of the clear crystal spring, into his eyes ; when he opened them again, the fair virgin had disappeared. “ It was in vain that he endeavoured to discover a vestige of her. Angry he returned home. But fruitless were all his efforts to forget the beautiful image of the charming virgin ; and he could not enjoy a moment’s rest all the ensuing night. “ The next morning he again visited the rocky spring ; but in vain he sought her. The following day, when the last rays of the setting sun were just breaking through the tops of the 86 LEGEND OF THE WHITE DOE. pine-trees, he repeated his visit, and sat down on the spot, immoveably looking into the clear spring, ont of which, he hoped, Florine might arise. And so she did. She joyfully smiled at him out of the mirror of water, when he stretched out his hands to her. In the mean time, a heavy drizzling rain poured upon him ; and when he had dried his face. Florine stood before him in all her beauty and charms, gazing at him with an innocent smile. 44 4 Sir Knight/ she addressed him, 4 1 promised you the other day, to salute you out of my window ; and so I did.’ 44 4 But you do not live in this spring here V 44 4 Yes, I do,’ she replied ; 4 I am a mermaid or nymph, as people like to call us.’ “ A kind of horror now crept upon the youth ; but he soon recovered from his fright, remembering that one of his ances- tors, likewise, had loved and even married a fair mermaid. Besides, Florine appeared to him now more charming than before. He could not contain himself any longer, begged her favour and love, and offered her his hand and fidelity. 44 Florine’ s eyes swam in languishing melancholy ; she mournfully looked at him with a mien that penetrated his inmost soul. She then in sweet words confessed her love to him, and offered to become his bride, if she could confide for ever in his love and fidelity. 4 You must give me your life,’ she added, 4 as a proof of your love ; otherwise, a strange love would assuredly bring you to death.’ The knight faithfully swore true love and eternal fidelity. Florine, however, did not yet fully confide in him : she therefore fixed a period of three months as a proof of his constancy and true love. 4 When this night three months the full moon again for the first time shines bright at midnight, then call three times my name, and I shall appear, to learn if you sincerely love me.’ After she had spoken these words, she melted into air, to hide her burning tears, and was seen no more. 44 They were very long and tedious days for the enamoured youth, those three months. Once, at midnight, he walked the solitary way near the borders of the prattling brook arising from that spring where his betrothed lived, and he beheld nothing but hideous monsters scornfully looking at LEGEND OF THE WHITE DOE. 87 him, instead of the rocks and stones bordering the rivulet : all the rocky stones had been changed into hideous shapes. [See the fresco-painting.] Seized with inexpressible fear, he involuntarily called the name of Florine ; and, on a sudden, the monstrous beasts vanished from his sight. Afterwards there arose from the waves of the river a snow-white maiden hand, offering him a flourishing myrtle-sprig ; and when he seized it, he held in his hand a cold snake, instead of the myrtle-sprig. He was struck with horror when he felt the cold viper between his fingers ; but he easily persuaded him- self that all those hideous monsters were mere temptations, to try and to ascertain his constancy and fidelity in love. “The third fall moon shone bright for the first time at midnight, when the enamoured knight hastened to the ap- pointed spot. The silence of the grave prevailed all around, and not a leaf was stirring. The youth had for some time observed the clear mirror of the water, hoping to behold there the charming features of his beloved Florine, whose name he called three times ; when he beheld at his side a venerable old man, who had a long white beard, leading to him a veiled lady, with these words : — “ 4 Knight of Staufen, the time of probation is now over ; here I bring thee thine own betrothed Florine, whose bliss and love thou shalt enjoy as long as thou standest to her with true love and undivided fidelity in thy own heart. But be aware, never to forget Florine and this awful hour ; then woe to her, and three times woe to thee. Wherever thou shouldst happen to be, there a hideous token would appear to thee — a token of thy guilt and of thy punishment.* “ To this the Knight replied : e The moon above us does not shine brighter than my heart is and seizing Florine’ s hand, she suffered him to press it to his lips. “ She drew up her veil, exclaiming, with burning tears in her eyes, ‘ Thine for ever ! ’ “A few days afterwards, the bridal pair celebrated their nuptial feast, with great splendour and pomp, at Staufenberg Castle. Florine’s dowry consisted of three artfully-worked baskets — one filled with precious stones, the other with gold, 88 LEGEND OF THE WHITE DOE. and the third with silver ; but the greatest treasure she had brought him was herself. “ After about a year’s time, when Florine’s happiness had been increased by the birth of a handsome little boy, the din of war resounded in the provinces of the Franks. Knight Peter of Staufen, tired by a deedless, solitary life, without glory and honour, as he persuaded himself — and not fully satisfied with the true and pure love of his wife, whose ten- der soul and heart he did not understand — resolved to assist the Duke of Burgundy, who apparently was in need of vassals and knights, the enemy being greater in number. Florine started, pale and trembling, when she learnt her knight’s resolution. Her burning tears could not prevent the warlike Staufenberg from leaving even her, to follow the banner of the duke. Florine, however, soon shook off her evil fore- bodings ; and, reaching her hand to her beloved husband, she said, ‘ Go, then, with God ; may His powerful arm protect thee in the hour of danger ! Fare-thee-well ! and when crowned by the laurels of victory, or bearing the reverses of defeat, think of my everlasting love and eternal fidelity.’ “ ‘ I shall soon see my Florine again,’ he replied ; 6 and if not, then I shall have fallen with honour and glory.’ So say- ing, he pressed her once more fervently to his heart, and departed with some comrades to the army, which he hastened to join in Burgundy. “The duke had already sustained several serious losses, but having received a reinforcement by these German knights, victory seemed again inclined to favour the duke. They were marching against* the enemy. A tremendous battle was to be fought. Being known by his comrades as brave and enter- prising, the Knight of Staufenberg was appointed to fight by the side of the duke. Midnight was over, and he lay slum- bering near the watch-fire, when he was awakened by the sounds of sweet music and song. At some distance he beheld a handsome youth, with a harp, clothed in white garments. The knight asked him from whence he came, and where he lived ? ‘ In the next dale,’ he answered, 1 near the mill.’ Then he continued : ‘ Permit me, Sir Knight, if you are an honest LEGEND OF THE WHITE DOE. 89 friend of the duke, to tell you the means by which you may easily finish the war without much bloodshed. But first you must promise me to leave instantly this country, and to re- turn home to your wife and child, as soon as you have won a decisive victory to-morrow by my advice and assistance.’ After some hesitation the knight gave his word, whereupon the white-clothed harp-boy approached him, and whispered to his ear : ‘ Along the rocky banks on the other side of the river, where it takes a turn to the right, there stands a soli- tary chapel, in which the commander-in-chief of the enemy’s hordes passes this night, only guarded by a few vassals. Choose, therefore, thirty of your vigorous comrades, cross the river with them by a ford 1 will show you, capture the general and kill him, and the victory is yours.’ “ Staufenberg took twenty of his comrades, and when the general of the enemy’s forces was venturing to mount his steed, he, taken by surprise, was captured and killed by the German knights, together with his guards. “ A tremendous battle was soon after fought, and after a few hours the victory was complete, the enemy having been paralyzed by the lamentable intelligence of the fate of their commander-in-chief. “ The victory was indisputably attributed to the German knight Staufenberg, and he, therefore, was loaded with favour and honour by the Duke of Burgundy, who, admiring his strength and dexterity, invited him to sojourn at his court, and offered him the highest price he had to bestow, his only daughter for his wife. Peter gladly agreed to this invitation. He had forgotten the warning of the handsome harp-boy and his promise. Amid the dazzling splendour of the pompous ducal court, and in the never-ending festivities, he even for- got his charming wife at home with her sweet child. The duke’s only daughter, Adelgunde, was a noble and proud beauty, admired by every one who ever beheld her ; not so soft and charming, however, as Florine, but nobler and more princely in her appearance. Staufenberg had daily oppor- tunities to meet her in the festive hall, in the circle of lords and ladies of the court, or in the solitary walks of the court- garden. He felt himself highly flattered by this favour, but 90 LEGEND OF THE WHITE DOE. he was too honest not to confess of his being already married in Germany. He truly related to the duke all that had hap- pened to him at Castle Staufen with the fair mermaid. But the duke was a religious man, and of another opinion on this subject. He was struck with horror when he had learnt all, and indiscreetly told the knight, that it was, in his eyes, a very bad adventure, not more nor less than that Satan had a secret compact with his fair wife to secure his soul. With the assistance of his chaplain, he succeeded in overruling the knight; and they contrived so well as to overcome all his objections. “ In this dilemma, he felt at length desirous to break the meshes of the net which entangled him to the mermaid, and to marry Adelgunde. The duke’s chaplain had succeeded in proving that Florine could not be a real being, but a phantom; ‘and even,’ he added, ‘when you venture to embrace your charming wife, you may hold in your arms a hideous viper or some other dire monster.’ As a proof, he gave him a long series of those horrible legends. Apprehending that Satan might lay hold of his soul, he now gladly agreed to marry Adelgunde; and he was confirmed in this opinion, as the chaplain assured him that the ghostly water-nymph at Staufen would melt into air for ever, and never more appear, as soon as he had taken Adelgunde as his affianced bride by the priest’s holy benediction. “ The splendid preparations for the nuptial feast flattered Peter’s vanity, and his princely bride daily inflamed him with unspeakable love. However, the nearer the time came when the ceremony was to be performed, he often, during the pom- pous bridal feasts or balls, was seized with an apprehension which he could not master ; and even Adelgunde found it difficult on those occasions to calm his mind. The day be- fore their bridal celebration, he at midnight stole himself away from a pompous entertainment, and took a solitary walk in the garden, when beneath the leafy arches of the trees again resounded from the bushes the soft song and the me- lancholy music of the handsome harp boy, to whom he had promised immediately to fly the spot after the victory, and to return home. He then also remembered the words of the LEGEND OF KELLER’S IMAGE. 91 old man with the white beard who had led Florine to him. He could not help imagining that he beheld a lady with a baby on her breast, who looked at him with such a mournful melancholy glance as to move his heart to compassion. Pale, and trembling as the aspen, he returned to the festive hall. “ The next day the bridal pair were married by the chaplain of the court by the holy benediction of the church, and with royal pomp and splendour. Towards the end of the wedding breakfast, the Duke of Burgundy rose to drink the health of the royal pair. ‘ God bless them !’ resounded through the hall. At this instant, when the knight raised the cup to his lips, he beheld on the opposite wall a beautiful-formed female foot. Nobody except him had seen the image. He laid down the untasted cup in silence. “ When night was setting in, the nuptial train, with the bridal pair, wandered through the court garden. When they crossed a prattling rivulet, Adelgunde, by the side of her husband, ventured to catch a flower from the green borders of the brook, when, on a sudden, her flourishing myrtle crown fell down from her long auburn ringlets into the river. Peter immediately hastened after it, and leapt into the shal- low waves ; but when he ventured to catch the myrtle crown of his bride, he seized an ice-cold female hand. It was Fiorine’s hand, who, pale as death, and the child of their love at her breast, with a ghostly smile looked at her faithless lover from the watery deep. Peter was paralyzed, and tumbled down. Nobody except him had seen the hand, whose deadly grasp thus drew him to destruction. With a heavy groan he sunk down into the shallow flood. They found one common grave beneath the water, which, as if by magic power, raised its waves over him. Thus perished the faithless husband of Florine.” Keller’s Image is so named on account of the following legend, which has formed the subject of a fresco painting in the Drinkhall : — “ At the Old Castle of Baden resided, in bygone days, the widow of a margrave of Baden. The household of the mar- 92 LEGEND OF KELLER’S IMAGE. gravine consisted of but two ladies in waiting and a cavalier, with some servants and the guards. The cavalier of the margravine, the amiable Knight Burkard Keller of Yburg, was a youth of noble person and unblemished manners* with a vivid fancy, panting for love, beauty, and pleasure, and? though somewhat easy in manners, he, however, stood high in the favour of the fair daughters of the veteran knights of the neighbourhood. “ However inconstant he was, the charming daughter of the margrave’s seneschal at Kuppenheim, the beauteous Clara of Tiefenau, at last had succeeded, in her maiden loveliness, to entwine a fetter round his heart. From the lofty height of the Old Castle, a delicious way, shadowed over with wood, impervious to the sun, the vestiges of which have to this day withstood the ravages of time, led through the pine-forest to Kuppenheim, which was, at that time, surrounded with walls and moat. Through this lonely, gloomy way, the youthful knight hasted day by day, under pretence of going hunting, either early in the morning or late when the night was setting in, in order to behold his fair lady, even if only for a mo- ment, where smiling looks and an open heart were prepared for his reception, to repay him for so much love and ten- derness. “ One night, when he walked home as usual his solitary way, through the gloomy pine-forest, the moon shone bright, and the horn of the outpost of the castle had just announced midnight, the valiant youth, whose vivid fancy dwelt in the sweet memory of his beautiful Clara, happened to see with astonishment, at a small distance from himself, near the road- side, a veiled lady, of the finest shape, dressed in lawn sleeves. This is no spectre, he thought ; and, expecting some interest- ing adventure, he approached the lonely shape. But even as he came nearer to her, the beautiful contours of the myste- rious personage vanished, till at last she totally disappeared like a phantom, when the adventurous cavailier extended his arms to catch her. The knight now felt a secret horror creep upon him ; however, his courageous heart and his levity of mind persuaded him that it had been nothing but a vision. “To assure himself of it, he walked the same way the LEGEND OP KELLER’S IMAGE. 93 following night at the same hour. The airy form was then at the same place as the night before, but she was not covered with lawn about her, and the veil was rejected ; her head was reclining on her hand, and the refreshing wind played joyfully with her long auburn locks, which covered her luxuriant bosom and her white shoulders. The cavalier hesitated for a moment ; then, blaming himself for his cowardice, he ap- proached the lady, and a second time she vanished, and dis- appeared like an aerial spirit. “ When at home, he talked of this adventure to the castel- lain, who was an old wise man, and who told him, that at the place where he had happened to see the phantom, there had been erected, in olden times, a temple of a pagan idol. No- body, therefore, he added, ever dared at night-time pass by that ominous place. “The youthful knight neither was a coward nor was he known to be superstitious : the next morning, therefore, he ordered the ground to be dug up at the spot where the mysterious phantom had appeared to him. “After some digging and searching, a little Roman altar was discovered, dedicated to the nymphs of the forest, and some feet deeper also a beautiful marble statue. Notwith- standing the arms of it were mutilated, yet it was impossible ever to see a more beautiful and admirable head of a young lady. “ The cavalier ordered the altar and the marble statue to be erected on the spot where they had been found ; and, from that day, they received the name of Keller’s Image. “ But what now follows is very melancholy. The fair marble nymph had taken complete possession of his heart, and in- flamed a mad love in the breast of the youth. Seized with an inexpressible passion for the charming marble statue, he again went to see her once more at midnight. The moon shone bright and enlightened his path. The fairy nymph, such as he had seen her twice before, was sitting at the foot of the Pagan altar : but this time, she did not vanish, as before, when he approached her. She became more and more visible and real as the cavalier came nearer to her, and he could see her charming features and her blooming coun- 94 THE RUINS OF EBERSTEINBERG. tenance in all their beauty. Her form appeared to him even more beautiful, and her light lawn dress rather disclosed than covered the fine outlines of her youthful person. A courageous servant of the castle, by curiosity, had followed his adven- turous master, and stopped at some distance from the spot. Here he saw the cavalier talk in close conversation with the fair young lady ; but when he seized her hand and ventured to catch her impetuously in his arms, as he could con- tain himself no longer, and the lady did not disengage herself from his embraces, but looked herself with a kind smile at him and suffered his pressing her to his lips, and breathing a kiss on hers ; then the old servant felt so alarmed that he did not suffer himself to stay any longer at the spot. He took a hasty flight, and did not relax his haste before the grey turrets of the castle were in view. On the next morn- ing the knight was found lying dead ou the spot, at some 'distance from the altar. The marble statue had disappeared. “ Baron Keller’s brother ordered the altar to be destroyed and removed, and a crucifix to be erected in its place. On the spot where the corpse of the knight had been found, another token of Christian worship, a stone cross, also has been erected. Both, the crucifix and the cross, have to this day withstood the ravages of time. You may find them near the cross roadside, leading from Baden to Kuppenheim, through the gloomy pine forest, in the territory beneath the old castle, nearly two English miles from Baden. This legend of Keller’s image and cross has given the idea to the freseo painting.” The so-called image, consists of a stone pedestal and cross, which latter bears the inscription, “ Burkard Keller.” Bnins Ebei^teinberg 1 are about an hour’s walk f rom Baden. Here was the first residence of the counts of Eberstein, one of the most powerful families, that probably branched, wuth the house of Baden, from the dukes of Za?h- ringen. In the tenth century, we find a Louis of Eberstein accom- panying Henry I. in his warlike expeditions against tbe Danes, LEGEND OF EBERSTEINBERG. 95 the Hungarians, and the Huns. Even in that early age, the name of Eberstein was known far and wide, and the walls of their castle had ofttimes borne the shock of war. Far dif- ferent is the aspect of that once proud mansion at present ; its walls are deserted and tenantless, and strangers flock to gaze on the ruins of the lordless castle. As an example of the renown of the family of Eberstein about that period, we may cite the following legend, which forms the subject of the sixth fresco in the Drinkhall ; it runs as follows : — “During the reign of the German emperor, Otto, 938, all the country was up in arms against him. But the emperor overcame them all and triumphed over his foes. When, after a long and tedious siege, the town of Strasburg was taken by assault, Otto approached, with his knights and troops, the castle of Eberstein, that towered over the gloomy pine hills of the Black Forest, on the borders of the Bhine plain between Strasburg and Spires. The Counts of Eberstein belonged to the mightiest and most warlike of the numerous dynasties along the banks of the Rhine, and they were reported to the emperor to be amongst the number of his enemies. The counts, however, had well employed their time. Secure within their mountain fort, equally fortified by nature and art, it was provisioned for a lengthened siege, which lasted for three years. But the emperor’s efforts against the counts to force them to surrender had been fruitless. To storm the castle were a vain attempt ; therefore, in council, it was re- solved, what the emperor in arms could not effect, inaction and art should work. “The emperor was advised by a cunning old knight to invite and assemble all the great and valiant lords of the empire for a tournament at Spires, and honestly to promise by his imperial word peace and security to any knight and nobleman, who would resolve to follow such an invitation. The old counsellor was sure that the brave and valiant Counts of Eberstein never would fail travelling to Spires to display their skill in tilting and wrestling. The emperor was ad- 96 LEGEND OF EBERSTEINBERG. vised to employ his time well, and to storm the castle during the absence of its owners. “ Otto, well pleased with this advice, introduced a tourna- ment in Spires, which the emperor himself honoured with his presence. The three Counts of Eberstein travelled like- wise to this noble sport, among the crowd of princes, lords, knights, cavaliers, and inferior noblemen, who were seen flocking from distant countries to obtain the honour of breaking a lance with a valorous antagonist. “ The first day’s tournament was crowned at night with a splendid ball, which was attended by the emperor and the counts of Eberstein. One of them, a youth of a noble person and unblemished manners, with floating hair, and the hand- somest knight that ever drew a sword, was favoured with the honour to open the ball with the emperor’s youngest daughter as a partner. After the dance had been finished, this charm- ing young beauty approached the youthful count, who was amidst his brothers, and told him silently, whispering in his ear, that he and his brothers must beware, as the emperor intended to take, in their absence, while they were sporting and dancing at Spires, the castle by assault ; the counts therefore, must depart instantly. “ The three brothers, after a secret debate, resolved to make haste for recovering their castle. After they had danced, again, they loudly proclaimed, in the midst of the ball-room to all the assembled counts and noblemen, that they proposed to display on the next morning a chivalrous sport, and that they offered the prize of a hundred gold florins to any vigo- rous antagonist who might succeed to unhorse one of them. The assembled noblemen gladly accepted this invitation, while the counts already were meditating an opportunity of crossing the Rhine that very night, in which undertaking they happily succeeded. “ The next morning, when the emperor and the engaged noblemen expected them, wielding their javelins and swords as valiantly as ever in the tournament, the three counts rode safely into the gates of their castle. “ Otto, being informed of the sudden departure of the THE DEVIL’S PULPIT. 97 counts, gave order to assemble all vassals, to surround the castle, and to take it by assault. But all their efforts against the counts were again fruitless, whereupon the emperor was better advised to conciliate those chivalrous and brave cham- pions. He, for this purpose, sent three cavaliers to them. “When those ambassadors proceeded to the castle, they were led to the wine cellars and granaries, where they were shown the great provisions of wine, corn, flour, straw, and hay. After they had seen and admired all these pro- visions, and when they had tasted the excellent red and white wine, they, perfectly assured, returned to the emperor, whom they told that the castle was provisioned for longer than a three years’ siege, and that it would be a vain attempt ever to storm the castle or to make it surrender by a long and tedious blockade. “ The ambassadors, however, did not know that they had been deceived. All the great provisions they were shown were nothing but an artful cunning. The wine casks had been filled with water, and the corn bags contained nothing but chopped straw and sand. “ The emperor then married his youngest daughter to the youthful Count of Eberstein, with whom she had danced at Spires, and who had given him a timely warning, because the Counts of Eberstein were chivalrous, brave and valiant no- blemen, able to render great services to the emperor. Otto himself united their hands in marriage by a great and splen- did nuptial entertainment, at one of his castles in Saxony, which was celebrated also as the feast of reconciliation ; and the brave count atoned afterwards for his rebellious actions by great and glorious deeds, and unalterable devotion for the emperor.” From the castle you may descend into the Wooifasclainciif (Wolf’s-den), which lies in the valley below, and is formed of colossal rocks. The spot is wildly romantic. On your return to Baden, the road takes you past the JOcvii’8 jpuipit ; an immense rock, which rises from a mea- H 98 LEGEND OF THE DEVIL’S PULPIT. dow ground, surrounded with fir-trees, whose broad summit runs parallel with the road from Baden to Gernsbach. It derives its name from the following legend, which is ♦ represented by the fourth fresco painting in the Drinkhall : — “In by-gone days, when the first Christian missionaries happened to visit the dales of the Black Forest, and to preach there the gospel of the Lord, the Devil, seeing himself to lose day by day so many of his partisans by the propagation of the new creed, resolved to leave the deep bosom of hell. He rose, therefore, to the upper world, near the hot springs in Baden, which, to this day, from that event, are named the Hell, die Holle, and ascended that rock, in order to bring back the apostates by the power of his eloquence. His satanic majesty praised with sweet and seducing words the splendour and grandeur of his empire, and the happiness and bliss attending his partisans. From all parts of the country numerous people densely crowded round the Devil’s Pulpit, to have a look at the Devil ; and he succeeded admirably in charming with rapture and amazement the thoughtless crowd, by deceiving them through his infatuating words, and to render them faithless to the new creed, — when, suddenly appeared upon the opposite rock, at the foot of which the ruins of the castle of Ebersteinberg are still seen, an angel of heaven, adorned with splendour and sparkling resplendent garments. He held a palm branch in his hand, and spoke of the eternal happiness and bliss of the kingdom of heaven with sweet words that penetrated to the senses and minds of the assembled people. Enthusiasm fired, like a ray of lightning, the hearts of the multitude ; the whole crowd were animated with new confidence, and those who had been already seduced by the prince of hell, were now ready repentantly to forsake the Devil’s cause, and embrace the message from heaven. u Satan then beheld himself suddenly forsaken by the whole crowd whose souls he thought already were secured to his kingdom of evil. Consternation and wrath now seized the Devil ; he became furious, and, in his terrible anger, jumped upon the summit of a neighbouring mountain, on the other side of the Mourg, opposite the spot where the angel stood in .v m n iam THE VALLEY OF THE MOURG. — THE FAVORITE. 99 the light and splendour of heaven, and preached the word of God. Satan, in his dreadful wrath, began with a terrible roar to fling down the rocks and stones round about him from the peak of the mountain into the neighbouring dales beneath ; some he broke into pieces with a violent kick of his hoof ; others he bruised with his sharp teeth : in short, he blustered and railed so violently at the mountains, as if they seemed to be agitated by a terrible volcano. “ Then God, our Lord, appeared on the highest peak near Baden, seized the Devil with his powerful hand, and flung him •down so violently to the mountain, that the marks of the devil’s hoofshoe ( Teufels Hufeisen) are seen in the rock to the present day, near the Wurtemberg village Loffenau, near Gernsbach. “ The rock, upon which stood the angel of heaven, received the name of the angel’s pulpit (. EngelsJcanzel ), as that of the devil, the devil’s pulpit ( Teufelskanzel ), and the peak of the gloomy pine forest, on which God our Lord appeared, has its name of the Lord’s meadow ( Herrenwiese ), also to the present day.” Ti*e Valley of tite Mourg*. — From the railway station a shady road, passing the hamlets of Dollen and Baden Sclieuren, leads to the little town of Scheuren, where, built at the foot of the Hardsberg, is the Chapel of the Three Oaks, where, accord- ing to tradition, the plague was miraculously stayed, when ravaging the surrounding country in the sixteenth century. After leaving, on the left, the alley of poplars that conducts to the Maison-de-chasse, the road winds round the base of the mountain to the right, and, passing through the town of Oos leads to v Tiie Favorite. — This charming country-seat is about two hours and a quarter’s walk from Baden, and about fifteen minutes’ from the river Mourg. It was constructed in 1725, by the Margravine Sybille, the wife of the renowned conqueror of the Turks, Louis-William, and the interior is adorned in a 100 ROTHENFELS. — GERNSBACH. sumptuous and graceful manner. The Chinese saloon is decorated with tapestry, worked by the princess and her ladies of honour. In this saloon, the margravine and her husband are represented in seventy-two different costumes, and various stages of life. The grounds are tastefully laid out ; but the object that deserves the most attention is the hermitage, situated in the centre of the park, where, during Lent, the princess Sybille thought to atone for the follies of her life by penitence and prayer. But the holy season once passed, she deserted her dismal retreat, the scourge and the straw couch, for the brilliant apartments of the palace, and resumed her gay course of life, unchecked, till Lent again approached, when she quitted anew the scene of revelry for the sombre gloom of the silent hermitage. About a quarter of an hour’s walk, and situated on the borders of the Mourg, is the town of Kuppenheim ; but, as this place deserves little notice, we pass to the town of , Botiienf«l§, situated on the other side of the river : there is a sulphurous spring here of the temperature of 60° .Reaumur, which has been used with success, both taken inwardly, and for bathing, in many cases. A Drinkhall is raised over the spring, and opposite is an hotel, where baths may be had. Continuing our route along the banks of the Mourg, we pass the villages of Gaggenau , Ottenau , and Hoerdten, where there are numerous sawpits belonging to the boatmen of the Mourg, we come to the town of ^ €}ea*BBs^acii. — This town carries on an extensive trade in wood, and possesses a number of sawpits, where the trees that are floated down the river from the mountains are cut into planks, formed into rafts, and their management being entrusted to two men, are carried by the stream into the Bhine, where they serve to construct those monster rafts that ®nmssrs®A -sc k at. — Passing out of the town by the Badstadt road, your attention will be arrested, as men- tioned in the excursion to the Favourite, by a long avenue of poplars about one mile and a quarter distant. This very re- markable double row of trees will lead you direct to the above-named interesting spot, from whence there are exten- sive views, but merely a repetition of what you have already seen from Mount Mercury. The house is built in the form of a cross, with adjoining pavilions and a house of entertain- ment, there is a shorter road for pedestrians through the wood and hamlet on the left on leaving Baden. The hire of a carriage to go and return, three florins. FaemersTberg-. — On the south declivity of the mountain V . m (DMAIFJSAISr M' affiBJBB3PB3[H. LEGEND OP FREMERSBERG 103 that confines the valley from Baden, on the south-west side in 1450, existed the retreat of a few pious hermits ; but, in consequence of the following occurrence, the fortunes of the holy fathers underwent a total change : — “ When the Margrave James was once on a hunting excur- sion in the pine forest, and had left his retinue far behind him, a large stag stept out of the thicket. The Margrave darted his javelin at him, but the animal fled with the swift- ness of lightning. James flew after him through the most entangled labyrinths of the forest, and on a sudden was stopped by a deep ravine, where he lost sight of the animal. The Margrave now perceived that he had gone astray, and and the last rays of the sun were already breaking through the trees. It was in vain that he summoned his retinue by the sounds of his hunting-horn. Night began to set in ; he roamed about on unknown paths, and got continually deeper into the entangled underwood, and as it was now completely dark, and only the high tops of rocks re-echoed his repeated calls, the exhausted Margrave resolved to spend the night where he was. But when he tied his horse to the nearest mossy tree, and laid himself down under it to sleep, he sud- denly beheld through the tops of the trees, on a rocky eminence, the glare of a torch through the night. He again sounded his horn ; the sound of it was answered, the two hermits appeared immediately after to entreat the Margrave to take a place of rest for this night in their cell. The Mar- grave, highly rejoiced, followed the hermits to their solitary cell, where he rested the night. James, whose heart was deeply moved by gratitude, ordered afterwards the hermit’s cell to be changed into a cloister of the order of St. Francis, in 1451. It withstood the ravages of time until about forty years since, when the cloister was secularised, sold and de- molished ; it was then frequented by not more than two survivors, the last remaining of the stout friars ; viz. the cook and another brother, who received a living from govern- ment.” 104 THE YBERG. The seventh fresco in the Drink-hall, represents the mar- grave preparing to pass the night in the forest. On the site of the convent now stands an inn, together with a stone cross that bears the following inscription : — In remembrance of the Convent Fremersberg, Upon the place of the high altar, By Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden, 1838. Persons who have health and strength to walk should never think of hiring a carriage to this place. The distance does not exceed two English miles, and it is not very hilly. The cost of a carriage and two horses is enormously high, being no less than four florins and drink-money. The road lies on the left of the Conversation-house, following the old road, which is shorter than the new. TBte is a steep conical mountain, projecting to the south-west. The distance to the summit from Baden, is about five miles, taking the first turning on the right on the road to Lichtenthal. The ruins are situated at a height of 1767 feet above the level of the sea, and are surrounded by walls in a pretty good state of preservation ; a gate and one tower are still standing, together with the refiiains of a second, on the east side, that was struck by lightning in the year 1830. The top of the tower commands an extensive and beautiful view, comprising the old and new castles, the Mercury tower, the Bhine, and, rising in the distance, the Cathedral of Stras- bourg. During the thirty years’ war, this castle was rebuilt and fortified by the margrave, George Frederick ; it was after- wards used by the margrave, Edward Fortune, for the pur- pose of coining base money ; and it was here that his two alchemists had their secret laboratory. The castle probably was destroyed by the French in 1689. Within the walls is a small garden and an inn. It' A CA^tCA'Hl'IE CASTLE OF WINDBECK. 105 Tlae Waterfall or CJeroldsaw. — As this charming spot is but within a good walk of Baden, many persons, persuaded by a laudable spirit of economy, may wish to save the hire of a carriage and pair, by using their own limbs as a means of conveyance ; to such, therefore, the following directions may prove acceptable. Proceeding up the Avenue of Lichtenthab to the convent of that name, take the first turning to the right, over a wooden bridge, and continue in almost a direct line to the village of Geroldsau ; after passing which, turn to the left, by a road leading up the mountain. As we continue our ascent, the mountains become more compact, the valley decreases in width, and the prospect on all sides becomes wilder and more romantic. The waterfall in itself is nothing, but its picturesque situation, and the grandeur of the sur- rounding scenery, form a picture that is well worth double the fatigue of an excursion to this favoured spot, so liberally besprinkled with the gifts of Nature. On the farther side of the stream, which is spanned by a rustic wooden bridge, is a hut, where all light refreshments, such as fruit, bread, cheese, milk, honey, and wine, with water in abundance, may be had (the latter excepted) for a “ consideration.” However, we should advise all those who may prefer more solid fare, not forgetting the salt, to take it with them, as such things as a cold fowl and ham are totally unknown in this localitjL Tiie Castle of Wimleck lies between the villages of Buhl and Achern, both of which are situated on the line of rail- way from Oos to Kehl. It would, therefore, be advisable to go by rail from Baden to Buhl, and from thence to the castle by carriage or on foot, according to the state of the traveller’s purse and inclination. The little town of Biihl which is celebrated for its anti- quity, still preserves many relics of by-gonedays, and the vine- yards of the surrounding country are renowned for producing 106 LEGEND OF WINDECK. the celebrated red wine termed Affenthaler. The family of Windeck, like that of Eberstein, once ranked among the proudest nobles of the land, and owned many of the surround- ing hamlets, for in the fourteenth century, Eberlin Windeck sold the town of Stollhofen to Bodolph, Margrave of Baden, One Beinhard, of Windeck, we also read, sustained the family of Eberstein in their feuds with the neighbouring barons, and was also besieged in his castle by the warlike burghers of Strasburg, the Dean of which city, being held prisoner by him. The eleventh fresco in the Drinkhall illustrates a scene from the following legend relating to the siege : — “ At a short distance from Windeck Castle, near Buhl, is a deep hollow, called the Hen’s Moat. On a plot of ground between the smiling green vines, and the summit of the lofty hill, on which the castle stands, amid dark and spread- ing chesnuts, remains of a moat can easily be traced. At the period when the Dean of Strasburg was a prisoner in the castle, there resided in a cottage in a sequestered spot at Wofshag, a woman far advanced in years, called ‘the old woman of the wood.’ She was reported as being possessed of great wisdom ; knew the healing quality of each root and herb ; and instead of harming her, even the monsters of the forest crouched before her. Bich she was not, for a hen and chickens, white as the driven snow, formed all her wealth. “ One day, as was her usual habit, she was seated before her cottage-door, when two youths of dazzling beauty neared her hut ; they were weary, and with melancholy accents inquired their way up to Castle Windeck. The dame with friendly manner assured them of a hearty welcome, as she placed before them bread and fruit. The younger of the two, a sturdy boy of twelve, was nothing loth, and did ample justice to the simple meal ; not so his comrade, a youth (his senior by a year or two) of such a fragile frame, and features delicately formed, that as his hostess eyed him over and over, and urged him to partake of some refreshment, the starting tear (he vainly sought to hide) moistened the un- LEGEND OF WINDECK. 107 tasted food lie held. 4 Thou art not formed to woo, but to be won, my pretty fair, and ere thou hopest to pass for lordly man, must pray the sun to bronze thy cheek a little more ; give me thy confidence, fair maid, and I will give thee sage advice.’ Her voice and manner inspired them both with confidence, and Imma of Erstein thus replied : — “ ‘ It is true I am the sister of this dear boy ; our uncle the dean of Strasburg pines in confinement in yonder castle, and we are on the road to supplicate the Lord of Windeck, to release the good old man.’ “ ‘ Have you a handsome ransom for him V asked the ancient dame. “ ‘ Nought but this diamond ring and cross have I to offer, except indeed, as hostages he will detain us, till our good uncle can raise the expected sum.’ The dame rose from her seat, parted the locks from off the fair one’s face, kissed her lovely cheek, and with decision said : — “ ‘ I will redeem the dean ; hear me, my children, a mighty host from Strasburg are even now advancing towards the place ; this very night I marked two men prying around the walls ; and near yonder grove of pines, where stands a holy cross, they planned their attack ; for they there found the castle weakest. “ ‘ Go instantly to young Reinhard, knight of Windeck, and tell him it is my wish that he raises a rampart on that spot ; for before the night, I dread that his enemies will attack the castle.’ “ ‘ But will the knight release our uncle V “ ‘ I will give you children such a ransom as he will not refuse.’ She clapped her hands, and from all quarters flocked around her, fowls, white as the snow which in stern winter decks the mountain top. One of the number she selected, and with these words gave it to Imma : — “ ‘ Convey this hen to Reinhard, Knight of Windeck, and tell him that it is ransom for thine uncle.’ The children viewed the dame with astonishment. ‘ Do as I tell you ; as soon as the sun declines, the knight must place the hen close 108 LEGEND OF WINDECK. to the holy cross of stone, and where the foe will doubtless make assault ; he has not hands enough to perfect the ditch, but my hen will lend him ready aid, and finish what he could not himself perform.’ “ Herewith she stroked the bird, and in a coaxing voice thus softly sang a strain : — “ ‘ As white as thy plumage must e’er be the cause, Sweet bird thou art sent to defend ; The sex to protect, and to fight for the laws That knighthood with honour e’er blend Then go, my sweet bird, at the ditch is thy post, And drive from the castle his treacherous host.’ “ Imma, though not without a feeling of distrust, which even the friendly conduct of the dame could scarcely remove, at length took courage, resolving that she would imitate her brother’s firmness, who far from feeling fear, with childish curiosity was eager for the sport — for such he thought it. “ They had not proceeded half the way in their ascent, when they encountered on their road the youthful knight. There was a noble bearing in his manly form, and though his grave deportment filled the maid with awe, yet in his voice there was so much of sweetness, such a thrilling softness? that soon inspired her heart with confidence. In answer to her question of ‘ what she sought so near his castle-walls V Imma replied : — “ 4 Most noble knight, our uncle, the dean of Strasburg pines in your castle’s keep ; to us he has been a father, for we are orphans ; and as in duty and affection bound, we come to beg you will set him free, and confine us in his stead.’ “ The knight could not conceal how much he felt by such a proof of love, he viewed the one and then the other, till at length his eye rested upon the hen beneath her arm. A blush suffused her cheek, when she related what it was meant the spotless bird should do. “ The knight heard her recital with astonishment ; and so earnestly did he regard the fair disguised, with that modest maiden blush she bent her head towards the earth, as a drooping lily when surcharged with dew. Her answers to LEGEND OF WINDECK. 109 the knight became so confused, that, to assist her incoherent speech, her brother thus addressed the knight : — “ 4 My sister, honoured sir — •’ “ It was enough, the boy’s mistake, or rather heedlessness betrayed the secret of her sex. Tenderly the knight took her hand, and as he raised it to his lips he said : — “ 6 Sweet maiden, by this hand so fair I promise, should I outlive to-morrow’s fray, I will restore thy uncle to freedom ; and his lovely dutiful niece for the present is my guest, and castle Windeck and its lord are at her command, so long as it may suit your pleasure ; if you consulted mine , your stay were long indeed ; but let us hasten to the dean, no longer my captive but my friend.’ “ While Imma and her brother tarried with the good old man, recounting former ills, and future happiness, the knight employed himself with active measures for the morrow’s fight. Too well he knew the weakness of his castle-wails near the holy cross, and there for days had toiled to raise a good defence. To effect his plans the time appeared too short, therefore the message of ‘ the old woman in the wood ’ was pleasant to his ear, for he placed reliance in her pro- mised aid. As the first star appeared over heaven’s expanse, he bore his fair ally (the hen) in safety to the ancient cross, where slept in peace the ashes of his father’s sire, who bravely lost his life in single combat on that spot. At the midnight hour again he hied to the reverend grave, where he beheld, as if produced by magic art, the works complete, and wide and high, stood ditch and rampart. — His guardian bird was gone. “ Ere light displaced the gloomy mantle of the night, the foe in three strong bodies, confident in numbers, and flushed with expectation, advanced against the knight. They came prepared to storm the castle ; but who can paint their wonder and dismay, when instead of a weak defenceless fort, they saw such mighty works as baffled all their skill. Defeat ensued, for onward led by noble Windeck, his vassals reaped a harvest of renown, and bravely slew the foe. “ The impression which the charming Imma had made on the heart of the knight daily increased ; nor was the manly form and gallant conduct of the youth, together with the 110 LEGEND OF LAUF CASTLE. excellent qualities of his heart lost upon the lovely maid. A mutual attachment resulted from the knowledge of each other’s virtues ; and no sooner were his differences arranged with the inhabitants of Strasburg, than the good dean himself, in his own minster of Strasburg, united their hands in marriage.” This painting represents the moment when the dean is carried away prisoner to the castle by the knight of Windeck and his vassals (1370). ‘ The old woman of the wood,’ with her mysterious white hen, is seen sitting in the foreground. The warlike race of Windeck, now extinct, formerly pos- sessed three castles, situated at separate distances in their wide domains, and named respectively, Windeck, Buhl, and Lauf, concerning which latter, there is also a legend, which is represented on the eighth fresco painting in the Drinkhall, it runs thus : — “ Many years prior to the destruction of the castle Lauf, or more properly called New Windeck, in the neighbourhood of Hubbad between Buhl and Achern, it had been totally forsaken, in consequence of the report that it was haunted. u Just about this period, a young knight who was a stranger in the neighbourhood, sought one night the shelter of its roof from a threatening tempest. In the court-yard of the castle the grass grew luxuriantly, and reared its green head amid the withered blades of many a summer past. The sound of his horse’s hoofs echoed along the castle-walls, and his oft repeated call received no other answer. At length he espied a solitary light in one of the castle windows, and he ascended the massive staircase to find the seemingly only habitable room. At a table, her head reclining on her hand, and seemingly so wrapt in meditation as not to observe the knight’s approach, sat a lovely maiden, whom in her beauty, one might have likened to an angel — one of another world ; but it was beauty of a pensive cast, for the rose that should have mantled over her cheek, seemed from sorrow to have fled its home. As he greeted her, she raised her languid eyes, LEGEND OF LAUF CASTLE. Ill and with an inclination of the head alone replied. In answer to his entreaty that she would afford him shelter for the night, her head again bent forward. He was hungry, and ventured again to speak. Still preserving her silence, she rose and placed before him wine and venison ; bread and salt the fair one had forgot — and knife, fork, spoon and napkin were luxuries of modern date. “ At length, warmed by the wine he had drunk, which was Khenish, and of a favourite vintage, he ventured to address the silent fair one : — You are doubtless, fair one, daughter of the knight who 5 again her head cut short his speech. “ 6 And your honoured father ? 5 “ She pointed to the portrait of a knight against the wall, whose costume bespoke ten generations back at least ; and in a hollow voice replied, ‘ Of my race I am the last : this fair domain is mine ; you are welcome . 5 “ 4 This fair domain is mine ! 5 rung in his greedy ear. The knight was poor. He looked at its owner again : he thought her prettier than at first ; nay, were she not so pale, beau- tiful. 44 The wine was good ; and as he drank another cup or two, he argued ’twere no bad speculation. Grown bold at last, he gently took her not unwilling hand ; though cold, he thought it pretty, and wondered if his lips would not impart some warmth to fingers such as hers. He tried — then, too, essayed to press them against his heart. He had almost drank too much to ascertain. Quite valiant now, from wine, he boldly asked (not as the timid lover often does), 4 Was the fair maid in her affections free, and might he hope ? 5 In affirmation of the fact, she bent her ever-bending head. He offered her his hand — his heart. She rose instantly. A smile played round her lovely mouth ; and on her lip, before so ashlike in its hue, vermilion tints appeared — but for a moment. From a casket which stood upon the table, she took two rings, and in her hair she placed two sprigs — the one of cypress, and the other of rosemary. She beckoned him to follow. Should he retract his plighted faith, and ifistantly fly the spot, or should he advance ? Time was not 112 THE MUMMELSEE. left for thought. Two holy friars (not quite so stout as he had sometimes seen them), clad for the service of the church, advanced. They took the bridal pair between them ; they spoke not ; but they exchanged a look, and then a ghostly smile, that almost froze his blood. Eetreat was now cut off ; for many silent knights brought up the nuptial train. As they passed along the chapel of the castle, even sculptured knights o’er monumental graves smiled grimly at the group, and the organ’s awful tones pealed solemnly through the aisle. With a sepulchral voice, the priest addressed the youth : ‘ Kurd von Stein, art thou willing to take Bertha von Windeck as thy affianced bride V “ As the aspen trembles in the breeze, so shook the faint- ing knight, and the dread word died on his quivering lip “The harbinger of morn, bright chanticleer, proclaimed, from a neighbouring farm, the reign of terror over. The whole assemblage melted into air ; and wffien the knight recovered from his fit, he found himself stretched on the long grass of the castle-court, while near him grazed his favourite steed.” Miimmelsee, or Fairy is about a day’s jouruey from Baden, and lies in a sort of basin among the mountains bordering on the frontier of Wurtemberg. The country around, abounds both in romantic and rural scenery ; for on one side rise lofty mountains, clad to their summits in dark wavy sheets of pines, while in their rear stretches a wide expanse of country, that bears unmistakeable signs of the progress of cultivation. Tradition has celebrated this lake, as being the abode of both mermen and mermaids ; and the second fresco in the Drinkhall represents the nightly amuse- ments of these denizens of the lake. “ The young mermaids have left the mighty deep, and are forming, above the surface of the lake, a charming group of joyful nymphs. They are too much enchanted by the melo- dious sound of the flute and tambourine, balancing and dancing on the waves, to be aware that the morning’s sun ’is THE WILDSEA. 113 leaving his rosy couch. But woe to her whom his earliest beams shall reach above the surface of the water ! The water-king, therefore, mounts from the bosom of the depths, and appears above the surface, stretching out his mighty arms above the waves of the lake, to call them back to the dark deep. Only one of the mermaids, more attentive than the rest, had perceived the appearance of the mighty king of the waves ; she advised her cheerful companions of the impending danger, which intelligence has caused the flute suddenly to drop from the hands of the expert nymph who played it.” Near Wildbad there is another of these lakes, that tradition has peopled with mermaids. It is named — ®iae Wildsea, and lies in a plain at a considerable height above the level of the sea. It has partially dried up, and what remains of the water contains no kind of fish ; its sandy banks are but thinly decked with plants ; and altogether the borders of this lake are solitary in the extreme. The follow- ing legend of its fairy inhabitants forms the subject of the third fresco in the Brinkhall : — ♦ “ In one of these virgins of the sea burned a love so ardent for a poor young herd, whose shadow over the deep she had seen, that she often visited him on land. Her form was moulded to perfection, and her features fair ; and as the enamoured youth would fold her silken tresses round his hand, he did swear that ‘ earth produced not such another lovely maid.’ “ In softest converse they spent the day ; and not until long after the setting sun had warned her to depart, could she pronounce the painful word, 4 Farewell ! ’ nay, by the fastidious it has been said, that she sometimes stayed beyond the hour that modest maidens deem it prudent to tarry ; but as she tore herself away, she warned the object of her love not to attempt to track her steps, or ever seek her, even should she stay longer than love like his could bear. i 114 THE RUINS OF ALLERHEILIGEN. “But as she once far exceeded the limits of a lover’s patience, and stayed two days away, he thought (for, like other men, he was not free from jealousy) that it was time to make a little stir ; and, if a love like his allowed him to per- form. so harsh an act, to take her well to task. “ ‘ O’er hill and dale he sought his love, The woods resounded with her name; He climb’d the crag, explored the dell ; But echo mock’d the lover’s plaint.’ “ Throughout the day a burning sun had played upon his head, and from each pore the starting drops flowed over his weary frame. He gained the margin of a beauteous lake, the Wildsea, and, quickly loosening his garments, he dashed headloflg into it ; but who can tell the sequel of his bath ? “ The mermaid seized him in a firm embrace ; and, as she plunged below, she said, — “ 4 Fond youth, you’re not the first deceived, Who trusted woman’s smile ; But fools, the sex have e’er believed, And chuckled all the while.’” l&sslsas of Aiieria©iiig*em (All-Saints’) lies between Achern and Buhl. This ruin was once a stately monastery, and its brethren were of the richest and most powerful families for miles around. It was founded by Uda, Countess of Schauen- berg, in 1191 ; and in the year 1803, the battlements were struck by lightning, and the noble edifice became a prey to the flames. The remains of this abbey are situated at the entrance of the Black Forest, and the scenery around is exceedingly picturesque. At some little distance are the beautiful waierfwii* of AliorJseiligon. — This cascade is the most beautiful near Baden, and consists of from nine to ten separate falls, the highest of which descends from a height of seventy- LEGEND OF ALLERHEILIGEN. 115 five feet. Nothing can exceed the beauty both of the falls themselves, and their situation, which lies among the roman- tic scenery of the Black Forest. As usual, legends are plen- tiful ; and we shall select one that forms the subject of the twelfth fresco in the Drinkhall : it is as follows : — - “ In the good old times, when men would credit all a for- tune-telling gipsy told them, a horde of those tawny sibyls had established their camp round the Abbey of Allerheiligen, and were suffered to remain, because they respected the property of the stout friars. “ In the college of the abbey, which enjoyed a great cele- brity, a handsome youth from Strasburg, called Hartmuth, pursued at that time his studies. As he was studious, rich, and a nobleman’s son, he was allowed some liberty, which led, at length, to a liaison with a young and beautiful gipsy, just sixteen. “ When Hartmuth first saw her standing at the door of her rocky home, glancing at him timidly and innocently, his heart was, for the first time, pierced by the dart of love. A strange flame, hitherto unknown to the charming maid, also warmed her bosom at the sight of the handsome, modest youth. Neither of the young people were as yet conscious of the nature of their sentiments. Hartmuth sought fre- quently opportunities of meeting fair Elmy, so she was called, taking a solitary walk in the forest, at nightfall, beneath the leafy arches of the trees. Profound sighs were soon followed by languishing looks. These were gradually superseded by short conversations, which, in a little time, terminated in a declaration of love. They vowed eternal fidelity to each other, and the first kiss sealed their bond. But, alas ! the bitter hour of departing drew nearer, for the enamoured youth irrevocably had been ordered to pass the college holidays under the paternal roof at Strasburg. 44 Elmy, the charming gipsy, was struck dumb when she learnt this dreadful news. Her heart was inflamed with love for her dear IJartmuth ; she could not bear to part from him. The evening before his departure, Elmy was expecting him in the shade of the trees. LEGEND OF ALLERHEXLIGEN. 116 , « ‘Farewell, my beloved !’ he said ; ‘ a sad fatality separates us ; but not for long. We assuredly shall meet again, before the summer is elapsed.’ “ To which Elmy replied, with burning tears in her eyes — My dearest love, farewell! I vow to you eternal fidelity. Death even cannot terminate my love. Preserve to me yours.’ And quite unconscious, she twined a ringlet of his hair over the hand yet free, for Hartmuth pressed the captive against his breast. “ After she had passed many melancholy days and nights, since her lover’s absence, rapture thrilled her heart, when the beloved youth, urged by love and desire, returned from Strasburg. Words cannot express the rapture and amaze- ment of the meeting. When he took from his finger a golden ring he had brought from Strasburg, and put it on Elmy’s finger, she was fully absorbed in happiness and plea- sure. She always regarded the ring with admiration and cheerfulness, and played frequently with this token of true love. At the thought she ever could lose it, a melancholy feeling always crept upon her mind, as a fortune-telling old gipsy once had crossed her hand and told her that her hap- piness and love depended on a golden ring. One day when, as usual, Elmy was playing with this ring, a light noise reached near the maiden’s ear. She looked round to see what it was, and at the same moment a large black raven flew away with her dear ring up to a cleft on the top of the highest rock where hung his nest over a hideous precipice. The horror of death thrilled through her bones, when she was aware that her ring was lost. Nothing could console the lovely maid, for she always remembered what the tawny gipsy had told her the other day, until Hartmuth at last promised her to recover the ring out of the cleft from the raven’s nest. Elmy, with tears in her eyes, however, protested against such a neckbreaking undertaking as the vigorous youth planned to try the courage of his love. Every melancholy thought had now left Elmy’s mind, for Hartmuth had lent a seeming willing ear to her urgent prayer not to execute his scheme, when one fine day she, as usual, took her solitary walk through the cataracts to meet WATERFALLS OF ALLERHEILIGEN. 117 her lover, who wholly occupied her thoughts. Apprehending no danger in this wilderness, she was, on a sudden, awakened from her sweet reveries by the sound of human voices appa- rently coming from above her. When, with curious eye, her gaze was rivetted to the spot from which the sounds were dying away, she beheld the shapes of three human figures near the cleft on the highest peak of the rocks where the raven’s nest hung near the dreadful precipice. But who can paint the emotions of the anxious maiden, when she recognised the idol of her soul, Hartmuth, amongst the number, with two of his college comrades. She divined his purpose, beholding him on the neckbreaking spot. As if rooted in the ground, Elmy cried — “‘Forbear, forbear, dear Hartmuth, do not attempt to climb to the raven’s nest.’ “ But her anxious voice died away into the air, without reaching his ear. He vigorously climbed up to the dangerous spot ; already had he reached the height of the nest ; he stretched out his hand to seize the nest ; Elmy beheld it with deadly apprehension, when, on a sudden, the rope broke, and the unfortunate youth instantly dashed headlong against the rocks, and sunk, breathing his last prayer for her he loved, amid the waters of the rocky cataracts. The poor girl had witnessed this hideous scene ; with a scream o despair and horror she dropped to the ground ; the darkness of night veiled her eyes, the horrors of death thrilled her bones. A considerable time elapsed before Elmy recovered the use of her senses ; but the melancholy scene had turned her brain. From her pale lips never came a word. “ This last tragic scene of the legend, Hartmuth searching for the ring and dropping down the abyss, has inspired the painter.” APPENDIX Tax (Fam) for Carriages. Under hours, fl. kr. To the Castle of New Eberstein . . . 4 30 Ditto and return by Gernsbach 5 0 To Ebersteinbourg 3 30 To the Fremersberg 3 0 To the Fremersberg, and the Hunting-seat . .40 To the Hunting -seat 2 42 To the Seelach 3 0 To Geroldsan 2 42 Ditto to the Waterfall . . . . 3 30 To Neuweier, Steinbach, Sinzheim, and return by Oos 5 0 To th e Favorite . 3 0 To Gernsbach 4 30 To Rothenfels by Kuppenheim or by the forest . 4 0 To the Valley of the Mourg, by Eberstein or Gerns- ) 7 a bach, Rothenfels, Kuppenheim and the Favorite j To Forbach .00 Ditto by the Valley of the Mourg . .00 To the Old Castle, waiting your return . . . 3 24 To the Old Castle, if the carriage returns immediately 2 0 To the Yberg 5 0 Above 0 and underl2 hrs. 0. kr. 7 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 6 0 4 0 5 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 5 0 7 0 6 0 8 0 9 0 10 0 5 24 0 0 7 0 Scares toy Time. For 1 or 2 For 3 or more For 1 or 2 For 3 or more Persons. Persons. Persons. Persons. fl. kr. fl. kr. fl. kr. fl. kr. f of an hour 0 24 0 30 2f . . . 1 54 2 24 4 • • • • 0 36 0 45 24 • • • . 2 0 2 36 i . . . . 0 48 1 0 2f . . . 2 6 2 48 1 hour . . 1 0 1 15 3 hours . . 2 12 3 0 n . . . . 1 12 1 30 34 . . . 2 18 3 6 14 . . . . 1 24 1 45 3 4 . . . 2 24 3 12 if. . . 1 36 2 0 3f. . . 2 30 3 18 2 hours . . 1 48 2 12' 4 hours . 2 36 3 24 For every additional quarter of an hour more 6 At. rare* for Saddle Morses. fl. kr. Half a day of 4 hours . . . . 2 20 A whole day of 8 hours . . . . 4 40 Half a day 1 12 A whole day 2 0 The prices are fixed for carriages with two horses and rise in portion if one, two, or more horses are required. pro- 120 APPENDIX. The prices do not vary even should the traveller make use of his own carriage. Persons who order a carriage to take them from Lichtenthal, ovght to pay 45 kr. above the usual tax, if the road does not lead through Lich- tenthal. The road and bridge toll is paid extra. In return carriages no one is expected to provide for the coachman or his horses. The saddle horses and donkeys are fed at the expense of the persons who hire them. If the carriages have been kept above six hours and horses above four, the tax for the whole day must be paid. Carriages employed, in going to church, paying visits, to take a drive in the Lichtenthal Avenue, or on the road to Oos, are paid by the hour. Charges fox* Wasliing*. The following list of prices, are those fixed by the Police, and serve for all cases where there is not a mutual agreement. fl. kr. fl. kr. A Dress, plain . 0 24 A Chemisette, with double Do. with 1 flounce 0 30 trimming 0 12 Do. with 2 flounces . 0 36 Do. with triple trimming 0 15 Do. with 3 flounces . 0 48 A Table-cloth . 0 6 A Petticoat, plain 0 15 Do. large . 0 9 Do. with trimming 0 18 An under Waistcoat . 0 8 A Woollen Dress 1 0 Do. with simple trimming 0 12 A Morning Dress, plain 0 24 Do. with double trimming 0 15 Do. trimmed 0 30 Do. with triple trimming 0 18 A Bodice .... 0 12 A Combing-cloth 0 9 A Neckerchief . 0 4 A pair of Gloves 0 4 Do. w r ith trimming, 6, 9, or 12 kr. A pair of Drawers 0 6 A Chemise, plain 0 6 Do. with simple trimming 0 9 Do. with simple trimming 0 9 Do. with double trimming 0 12 Do. with double trimming 0 15 A Pocket-handkerchief 0 3 A pair of Cuffs . 0 4 Do. embroidered 0 5 A Nightcap 0 4 Do. with lace . 0 6 Do. with simple trimming 0 6 A Shirt .... 0 6 Do. with double trimming 0 9 Do. plaited . 0 9 Do. with triple trimming 0 12 Do with frill 0 15 A pair of Stockings . 0 4 A Collar .... 0 3 Do. do. silk 0 9 A pair of Pantaloons . 0 15 A Sheet .... 0 6 Do. starched 0 18 Do. in three breadths . 0 9 A Waistcoat 0 8 Do. trimmed 0 18 Do. starched 0 12 A Pillow-case . 0 4 A Cravat .... 0 3 Do. trimmed 0 8 Do. starched 0 4 A Towel .... 0 3 A pair of Stockings . 0 4 A Serviette 0 3 Do. silk 0 9 Do. starched . . 0 6 A pair of Socks . 0 4 A Chemisette, plain . 0 6 Do. starched . 0 8 Do. with simple trimming 0 9 APPENDIX. 121 instances from Baden To points most interesting in the Environs. From Baden to the Old Chateau, and return . leagues. » Balg ....... 1 99 >» Herrengut 4 99 ?> Dollen * 99 99 Ebersteinberg 99 99 Engelsfelsen, behind the old Chateau 99 99 the Rocks ii 99 99 Hungerberghof 1 2 99 99 Krippenhof i 99 99 Nahscheuern h 99 99 Badenscheuern t 99 y. the Devil’s Chair, and return . 1 2 99 Chateau of the Jesuits .... 2 99 99 Mount Mercury, and return . . 11 99 Lichtenthal 1 2 99 ■ • „ Schmalbach H 99 )9 Gernsbach 1 h 99 99 Miihlenbach ...... H 99 99 Schaafhof 3 4 99 99 Seelach I 99 Geroldsau 1 99 the Cascade of Geroldsau i| 99 9) the Kunzenhiitte ..... 2 99 99 by Neuenhaus and the Herrenwiese 2f 99 99 Malschbach If 99 99 Fremersberghofe ..... \ 99 99 Seelighofe 2 99 99 Thiergarten 1 4 99 99 Fremersberg H „ 99 Ybourg 2 99 99 Neuhaus, near Gernsbach lj ,, 99 Hasslichhofe h 99 99 Falkensteig 99 99 Quettig i 99 99 Gunzenbach 1 2 99 Beuern 3 4 99 99 Nagelsfirster Hof, li- 99 99 Sinzheim lt 99 Steinbach H 99 99 Yarnhalt H 99 99 Jagdschloss 1 99 99 Oos 1 99 99 the Chateau of Eberstein (by Lichtenthal, Beuern, Miihlenbach, Gernsbach) 2f 99 99 by another road to the Chateau of Eber- stein (by Neuhaus) .... 2 99 99 by Oos, Kuppenheim, Gaggenau 99 99 Forbach (by Gernsbach, Weisenbach, Gausbach ) 5 99 99 Forbach, on foot (by Schmalbach and Bermersbach) 3 99 99 Forbach, on foot (by the Cascade of Gerold- sau and Eichenbloch) .... 21 99 122 APPENDIX. From Baden to Freud enstadt (by Forbach& Reiclienbacli) „ Rastadt (by Oos and Sandweier ) . j, the Favorite (by Oos and Haueneberstein) „ Herrenwiese (by Geroldsau & Neuenhaus) „ Ettlingen (by Kuppenheim) . „ Herrenalb ( by Ettlingen) „ „ (by Gernsbach and Loffenau) „ Gaggenau, on foot (by Ebersteinbourg ) „ Durlach ( by Ettlingen) . „ Wildbad (by Gernsbach, Herrenalb, Dobel) „ „ (by Weisenbaeh andKaltenbrunn) „ Buhl (by Steinbach) .... „ „ (by Herrenwiese, Blattig,Biilerthal) , 4 „ (byNagelsfirst,Neuweier, Eisenthal) „ Achern (by Biihl) ,, Hubbad ,. Erlenbad (by Biihl and Sasbach) „ Mummelsee (by Achern and Ottenhofen) ,, Renchen (by Achern) .... „ Oberkirch (by Renchen) .... „ Petersthal „ Hornisgriinde ( by Herrenwiese) „ Griesbach (by Hornisgriinde & Rossbiihl) ,, Allerheiligen (by the Hornisgriinde and Kapplerthal) „ Rippoldsau (by Griesbach) „ „ (by Offenbourg, and the Valley oftheKinzig) „ Rippoldsau (by Oberkirch and Griesbach) „ Strasbourg (by Lichtenau&Bischoffsheim) „ „ (by Appenweier and Kork) „ Carlsruhe (Ettlingen ) .... 11 leagues. 2 2J „ 4 ^ 9 H ,, 2 7 S 9 7 3 2| „ 5 v Si „ 9 12 „ 7 11 9 13 23 14 11 12 7 To the principal Towns of Europe. From Baden to From Baden to Mannheim . 22 leagues Wiirzbourg . 48 leagi Heidelberg . 22 Eger . . 98 tt Darmstadt . 32 Prague . 140 tt Coblentz . . 57 Nuremberg . 60 tt Cologne . . 80 » Augsburg . . 60 tt Frankfort . . 38 >» Stuttgart . 22 >? Mayence . . 40 » Constance . . 56 Wiesbaden . 42 ft Zurich . 56 »? Munich . 79 ft Geneva . 108 it Vienna . 192 tf Bale . . 40 ii Aix-la-Chapelle . 96 tt Milan . 248 tt Brussels . 130 ft Nice . . 293 tt Diisseldorf . 90 ff Trieste . 250 Amsterdam . 150 «> Venice . 210 it Cassell . 80 Donaueschingen . 36 it Hanover . . 136 tt Fribourg . . 24 tt Hamburgh . 170 Colmar , 30 tt Hanau . 44 tt Mulhouse . 34 tt Gotha . 74 ft Paris . 146 ii Leipsic . 126 tt Lyons . 112 tt Berlin . 166 tt London . 230 tt APPENDIX. 123 Fares fey Bailway from Baden. STATIONS. 1st class. 2nd class. 3rd class. From BADEN to — fl. kr. fl. kr. fl. kr. Oos 0 21 0 15. 0 12 Rastatt 0 42 0 30 0 21 Muggensturm 0 54 0 39 0 27 Malsch 1 6 0 45 0 30 Ettlingen 1 27 1 0 0 39 Carlsruke 1 42 1 9 > 0 48 Durlach 1 54 1 18 0 51 Weingarten 2 15 1 33 1 0 Bruchsal 2 36 1 48 1 9 Langenbrucken 2 57 2 3 1 21 Wiesloch 3 24 2 21 1 30 Heidelberg 3 57 2 42 1 45 Friedrichsfeld 4 21 2 57 1 57 Mannheim 4 45 3 15 2 6 Darmstadt 6 24 4 21 2 51 Frankfort 7 30 5 3 3 18 From Baden to Sinzheim 0 43 0 24 0 15 Steinbaeh 0 29 0 27 0 18 Biihl 0 48 0 33 0 24 Ottersweier 0 54 0 39 0 27 Achern 1 9 0 48 0 33 Renchen 1 27 1 0 0 39 Appenweier 1 42 1 9 0 45 Legelshurst I 54 1 18 0 51 Kork 2 0 1 24 0 54 Kelil 2 12 1 30 1 0 Strasburg 2 33 1 51 1 21 Windschlag 1 48 I 15 0 51 OfFenburg 2 0 1 21 0 54 Dinglingen 2 45 1 54 1 15 Orschweier 3 6 2 6 1 24 Kenzingen 3 27 2 21 1 33 Riegel 3 39 2 30 1 39 Emmendingen 3 57 2 42 1 45 Freiburg 4 36 3 9 2 3 Krozingen 5 12 3 33 2 18 Heitersheim 5 27 3 42 2 24 Miillheim 5 48 3 57 2 33 Schliengen 6 0 4 6 2 42 Efringen 6 39 4 33 0 0 Haltingen 6 45 4 42 3 3 Basle 7 18 5 6 3 24 BADEN DIRECTORY OF PROFESSIONS AND TRADES. 2Cpotf)efer. — Chemists and Druggists. Beuttenmuller, Leopoldstrasse 424 £8 defer. — Bauer, Georg, Gernsbacher- strasse 441 Birnbrauer, Joseph, Amalien- strasse 332 Dilzer,Dionys, Langestrasse 93 Hammer, Max, Gernsbacher- strasse 453 Jorger, Aug., Lichtenthaler- strasse 234 Kah, Alois, Langestrasse 71 Kah, August, Marktplatz 561 Kappler, Witt we, Leopold- strasse 425 Kappler, St., Gemsbacher- strasse 475 Kientz, Ferd., Kreutzstr. 168 Kohler, Lichtenthalerstr. 211 S3abirtrtt)c. Bertsch, zum Stephanienbad, Lichthaler Allee 272 Heiligenthal, Wittwe, zum Hirsch, Langestrasse 68. Kah, H., zum Armenbad, Gernsbacherstrasse 497 Meixels, Wittwe, zum Zahrin- ger Hof, Langestrasse 42 Eheinboldt, zum Badischen Hof, Scheuernerstrasse 27 Stehle, Sophienstrasse 420 Bakers. Kuhn, Steingasse 521 Lambrecht, Joseph, Markt- platz 565 Liebich, Joseph, Langestr. 100 Lorenz, F. J., Wittwe, Lange- strasse 43 Scheid, Daniel, Marktplatz 524 Schmitt, zum Bitter, Gerns- bacherstrasse 436 Thiergartner, Carl, Lichten- thalerstrasse 381 Weiss, Alois, sen., Lange- strasse 85. Weiss, Alois, jun., Lange- strasse 85 — Baths. Schmid, W., zum Bitter, Gerns- bacherstrasse 436 Schmid, Boman, zum Darm- stadter Hof, Gernsbacher- strasse 431 Schweizer, zum Baldreit, Kii- fergasse 106 Seefels, Wittwe, zum Lowen, Marktplatz 533 Stambach, zur Sonne, Gerns- bacherstrasse 443 APPENDIX. 125 33anquier6. — Bankers. Meyer und Pavarin, Louisen- Muller u. Cons., Leopoldstr. 150 strasse 61 und Sophienstrasse 389 Strohmeyer, Leopoldplatz. SSierbrctuev. — Brewers. Ehinger, Miihlengasse 79 Gorger, A., Scheuernerstr. 8 Haug, H., Scheuernerstr. 11 Hoffmann, A., Stephanien- ' strasse, 362 Jorger, A., Leopoldstr. 139. Kneller, N., Lichtenthaler- strasse 268 Leile, Karl, Rettigstrasse 379 Stephan, bei der Ketten- briicke 283 Weiss- Jung, Sophienstr. 399 £8i(bf)auet unb S3ilbfd)m|cr. — Sculptors. Kammerer, August, Lichten- Weiss, Ludwig, Schlossberg thalerstrasse 249 606 Steinle, Bernhard, Steing. 516 S3led)ner. ~~ Tinmen. Ackenheil, Steingasse 512 Ackenheil, W., Gernsbacher- strasse, 447 Anstett, Max, Kreuzstr. 176 Fehnenberger, Hirschgasse 576 Lerch, Franz, Kreuzstr. 169 Rossler, Eichstrasse 220 Weber, Witt we, Langestr. 88 SSrunnenmeifler — Fountain Makers. Meyer, Mathias, Holleng. 542 i Keller, Isidor, in Baden- Meyer, Ludw., Hollengasse 542 l scheuern. SSudjbinber. — Bookbinders. Salzer, Ludwig, Langestr. 56 | Wagner, Joseph, Langestrasse Spies, Heinr., Gernsbacher- 134 strasse 437 I SBficbfenmactyer. — Armourer. Nagel, Sophienstrasse 401 £$uct)bruccei\ — Printers. Scotzniovsky (Hohman) Ste- < Weiss, Franz Xaver, Sophien- phanienstrasse 391 I strasse 419 S3ud$anMer. — Bookseller. Marx, D. R., im Conversationshause. 126 APPENDIX. SSuvjtcnbinbcr. — Brushmaker. Weiss, Albert, Langestrasse 75 (Sfytrurgen. — Surgeons. Blank, Wittwe, Gernsbacher- strasse 452 Frank, J. F., Kiifergasse 107 Graser, Marktplatz 555 Schiebel, Max, Kreuzstr. 172 Wobnlich, Wittwe, Lange- strasse 136. (SommtfftonS unb (3*funbtgun$6bureauj:. — Ofidces for inform ation. Hiibner, Gernsbacherstrasse i Weinreuter, Mathias, Gerns- 445 I bacherstrasse 434 donbttorcn. — Confectioners. Essen wein, Langestrasse 46 Glattacker, Aug., ditto 74 Hammer, Ph., Sophienstr. 410 Kah, Alois, Langestrasse 71 £)ref)er. — Eisen, Gernsbacherstr. 475 Fruholz, Joh., Kunstdreher, Untere Hardgasse 206 Hilger, Georg, Kiifergasse 109 (Eifenfyanblungen. Franck, Franz, Langestr. 52 Hammer, Carl, Gernsbacher- strasse, 454 gabrifcmten. — Hammer u. Comp., Seifen- u. Lichterfabrikant, Sophien- strasse 409 Juillard,Gasfabrikant,Scheuer- nerstrasse 18 Kah, Ant., Essigfabrikant, Ker- rengut 617 Schababerle, Leopoldstr. 138 Schwamberger, Anton, Gerns- bacherstrasse 441 Weiss, Eduard, Langestr. 90 Turners. Meier, Joseph, Gernsbacher- strasse 457 Weinreuter, S.. Kettigstr. 374 Wolf, Xaver, Marktplatz 559 Matzenauer, jun., Marktplatz 523 Manufacturers. Schutzenbach, Zuckerfabrik., Lichtenthalerstrasse 253 Stuffer, Ch., im Rheinischen Hofe, Fabrik und Lager fein geschnitzter Holz -, Hirsch- horn-, Bein- u. Elfenbein- waaren, Leopoldsplatz 388 gSrber. — Dyers. Dietz, Lichtenthalerstrasse i Ernest, Friedr., Gernsbacher- 313 I strasse 452 APPENDIX. 127 gifcfyanbler. — Fishmongers, Wahrend der Sommermonate haben dieselben stets einen bedeutenden Yorrath ihrer Waare bei Joseph Schweigert, Li cht enthalerstrasse 185 Kaufmann, Inselstrasse 150 ©drtner. — Gardeners. Arnold, Ch., Lichten thaler Al- lee 282 Ellesser, F., Obere Hardgasse 352 Gruninger, Herrengut 616 Hartweg, Kunst- und Handels- gartner, Lichtenthaler Allee 281 Eheinbold, H., Herrengut 618 Schaub, Adam, Amalienstr. 331 Sulzer, Obere Hardgasse 351 Weinacker in Badenscheuerm (Shafer, — Glasiers. Gotz, Ignaz, Steingasse 513 Moppert,- Wilh,, Wilhelms- strasse 57 Eheinbold, Heinr., Lange- strasse 96 Stroh, Alois, Steingasse 504 ©olbavbeiter, — Jewellers. Krammer, Theodor, Miihlen - 1 Moppert Wilhelm, Leopold- gasse 79 I strasse 139 ©iirtler. — Beltmakers. Sauter, Lorenz, Langestr. 74 | Seefels, Wilh., Steingasse 502 *£>afner. — Potters. Anstett, Nikolaus, Lichten- thalerstrasse 274 Herz, A., Lichtenthalerstr. 182 $ol§fpalter. ■— Degler, Schlossberg 594 Eisen, Joseph, Eettigstr. 377 Falk, Bernhard, Amalienstr. 322J Falk, Nik., Obere Hardgasse 349 Falk, Xav., Lichtenthalerstr. 261 Lorenz, Gregor, in Baden- sclieuern. Ettlinger, Scheibengasse 365 Woodcutters. Grab, Johann, Steingasse 513 Ihle, Justin, Amalienstr. 342 Eeich, Alois, Amalienstrasse 336 Eeich, Carl, Lichtenthaler- strasse 290 * Steinle, Bernh., Eettigstr. 377 128 APPENDIX. vguffcfymiebe. — Blacksmiths, Billmann, Lichtenthalerstrasse 209 Hoffmann, Gemsbacherstr. 466 Lorenz, Thierarzt, Gernsba- cherstrasse 445 Ulrich, Franz, Langestr. 50 Ulrich, Ludwig, in Baden- scheuern. Walker, Johann, Steingasse 507 Wiirst, Carl, Untere Eich- strasse 239 £utmad)er. — Hatters. Degler, Leopoldstrasse 154 | Schroth, Wilhelmstrasse 65 3njlrumcntcnmad)er. — Instrument Makers, Alffermann, Wittwe, Amalien- j Wittum, Wittwe, Kiifergasse strasse 328 I 105 StaUenifcte S&aarenlungen. — Italian Warehousemen. Gaus, Aug., Langestrasse 101 i Seiler, Aug., Sophienstr. 403 Hilger, Langestrasse 132 ! £affeet)dufer. — Coffee Houses. Kiehl, Jos., zur Bose, Schloss- staffeln 549 Merkel, Anton, zur Blume, Langestrasse 55 Meule, zum Schwan, Lange- strasse 36 Schmid, Ant., zur Stadt Stras- burg, Sophienstrasse 392 Schwamberger, Joseph, zur Stadt Nanzig, Sophienstr. 396 Zachmann, zum Hof von Hol- land. Weber, Maison de conversa- tion. $aminfeger. — Chimney Sweeper. Kopple, Lichtenthalerstrasse 383 .ftammacfyer. — Combmaker. Grotz, Carl, Langestrasse, 92 ^QUfleutc auf bcr $)romenabe w&fyrenb ber S3abejett. — Dealers on the Promenade. Alosse, Umbrella maker. Becker, Screw maker. Frank, Wittwe, Optician. Fruholz, Toy dealer. Gaus, Aug., Cigar dealer. Gotz, Me., Milliner. Grotz, Comb maker. Harras, Pipe maker. APPENDIX. 129 Hasslinger, Lace dealer. Hilb, Fancy Repository. Hofmann, Linen draper. Horter, Me., Toy dealer. Jocher, Dem., Milliner. Kohler, Ironmonger. Marx, Bookseller at the Maison de conversation. Mellerio, Jeweller. ^appenmadjer. - Siehe Sackler, Seite 29 $inberfpielroaatens#anbli Becker, Max, Langestrasse 87 Friiholz, Joh., Untere Hard- gasse 206 Grau, Ludwig, Promenade 161 ^leibermacberinnen. Pelican, Gebr., dealer in Bohe- mian glass. Rheinboldt, Cigar shop. Seiser, Ironmonger. Stuffer, dealer in carved orna- ments. Urbino, Linen draper. Wahl, Me., Milliner. Zeder, Shoe maker. - Capemakor. ng. — Toy Dealers. Grotz, Kammacher, Lange- strasse 92 Wolf, Dreher, Marktplatz 559 — Dressmakers. Graf, Wittwe, Kreuzstr. 169 Haaf, Frl., Leopoldstrassse 154 Kah, Geschwister, Langestr. 96 Koch, Carolina, Langestr. 133 Lerch, Frau, Langestrasse 90 Muxel, Frau, Sophienstrasse 397 £ufer. — Friton, Max, Steingasse 514 Kneller, Nikolaus, Lichthen- thalerstrasse 268 Leile, Rettigstrasse 379 ^urfd)ner. - Siehe Sackler, Seite 29 Niemand, Thekla, Obere Eich- strasse 222 Pfefferle, Frau, Untere Hard- gasse 195 Schindler, Frau, Untere Hard- gasse 204 Ulrich, Frau, Muhlengasse 78 Coopers. Peter, Lorenz, Sophienstr. 408 Siegl, B., Gernsbacherstr. 456 Steinel, Jakob, Kufergasse 107 - Furrier. &lat>iermad)er. — Piano Manufacturer. Siehe lnstrumenten- und Claviermacher Seite 25. Rubier. — Tubmakers. Bodemer, H., Amalienstr. 315 Koppel, Anton, Hollengasse 544 Lerch, Gernsbacherstrasse 472 Streibel, Anton, Biittengasse 121 K 130 APPENDIX. Jtuniity&nbler. — Frintsellers. Erfurth, Liclitentlialerstrasse Marx, D. R, im Converations- 247 hause. Muller, Langestrasse 76 ^upfevfd)mtebe. — Braziers. Graser, Alois, Gernsbacher - 1 Hob, Wilhelm, Scheuerner- strasse 450 ' strasse 18 Cactierer. — Varnishers. Hof, L., in Scheuern. | Rausch, Carl, Gernsbacherstr. Maier, F., Kiifergasse 107 I 481 Sofynfutsdjer. — Livery Stable Keepers. Dehn, Andreas, Luisenstr. 143 Eisele, Seb., Kreuzstrasse 172 Falk, Lorenz, in Scheuern. Geiser, Gernsbacherstr. 473 Gorger, A., Scheuernerstrasse 8 Heck, Langestrasse 39 Heidinger, Langestrasse 41 Herz, Alois, Seilergasse 243 Hurle, in der Stadt Paris. Hurle, Engelbert, Steingasse 505 Huber, Scheuernerstrasse 1 . Lerch, Gregor, Langestr. 90 Maier, zum goldenen Kreuz, 184 Oberle, Lichtentlialerstr. 257 Roth, Witt we, Miihiengasse 79 Ruckenbrod, Ob. Eichstr. 229 Ruh, Fidel, Untere Eich- gasse 241 Ruh, Johann, Luisenstr. 145 Schadel, Wilhelm, Untere Freund, Gernsbacherstr* 435 Hertweck, D., Plollengasse 543 Hilger, Albert, Gernsbacher- strasse 448 Meule, Lichtentlialerstr. 179 Schmelzle, Carl, Gernsbacher- strasse 481 Schweigert, Lichtentlialerstr. 185 Senges, G., Seilergasse 238 Steimer, Ludwig, Luisenstr. 81 Unser, Clemens, Obere Eich- strasse 223 Utz, G., Biittengasse 123 Wiist, C., Seilergasse 239 Zeller, zum Einhorn, Lange- strasse 131 Die Reitpferde und Esel zu vermiethen haben. Berger, Joseph, Eichstr. 219 Herz, Carl, Herrengut 612 Kah, zur Traube, Lange- strasse 70 Schadel, Anton, Untere Hard- gasse 202 Ulrich, Schmied, Langestr. 50 — Painters. Meule, W., jun., zum Schwan, 36 Readier, Johann, Lichten- thalerstrasse 186 Ronnkamp, Amalienstr. 334 Hardgasse 202 SERaler anb 3immevan(lretd)er. APPENDIX. 131 Sttaurmimfter. — Architects. Britsch, L., Stephanienstrasse | Kirch enbauer, Langestr. 92 359 j Pfeiffer, Steingasse 505 Ganz, Alois, Scheuernerstr. 19 ; Trapp, Witt we, Gernsbacher- Haaf, Alois, Stephanienstrasse j strasse 480 361 1 STcefJfrempen. Bauer, Bapt., Untere Hard- gasse 187 Bodemer,Aug., Amalienstr. 324 Biirk, Ignaz, Miihlengasse 77 Eckerle, Gernsbacherstr. 440 Hoffman, Alois, Buttengasse 129 Hotz, Ludw., Lichtenthaler- strasse 260 Kah, Alois, Langestrasse 71 * Kali, Carl, Eichstrasse 232 5>Tcc(Tcrfd)miete, Riehle, Gernsbacherstr. 439 9Mg0er. — Fehnenberger, J., Klifergasse 104 Heck, Friedrich, Langestr. 97 ITirth, Joseph, Marktplatz 558 Hoffmann, Alois, Leopoldstr. 422 xliiber, Ludwig, Langestr. 135 H liber, Stephan, Hirschgasse 567 Kah, Robert, Lichtenthaler- strasse 180 Kah, Franz, Langestrasse 86 Kah, Carl, Gernsbacherstr. 464 ^6beb#anMungen. Erfurth, Lichtenthalerstrasse 247 Haas, Langestrasse 96 — Millers. Klumpp u. Comp., Langestr. 131 Lambrecht, W we., Hirschgasse 569 Lambrecht, Georg, Langestr. 102 Lechleiter, Ignaz, Langestr. 134 Liebich, Joseph, Langestr. 100 Rapp, Benedict, Buttengasse 126 — Cutlers. Mohrenstein, Langestrasse 132 Butchers. Kah, Stanisl., Gernsbacher- strasse 442 Kah, Jos., Gernsbachersh. 462 Kah, Leopold, Langestrasse 73 Krust, Jos., Buttengasse 125 Krust, J., jun., Steingasse 522 Mayer, Jos., Lichthenthaler- strasse 214 Rossler, W., Leopoldstr. 429 Stephan, Jos., Kreuzstr. 275 Thiergartner, AL, Steingasse 498. — Upholsterers. Rausch, H., Liclitenthalerstr. 171 Schnepf, Alois, Schlossberg 599 132 APPENDIX. ^ineralroaffer^teberlacje. — Depots of Mineral Waters. In der Trinkhalle, in den beiden Apotkeken und Bernh. Schmelzle, Gernsbacherstrasse 464 SDZuUer. — Millers. Heidinger, Franz, Langestr. 44 Lambrecbt und Birk, Scheuer- nerstrasse. Huber, X., Scheuernerstr. 1 Scbweigert, Lichtenthalerstr. 18 Weingand, Lichtenthalerstr. 275 ^uSifaltenfjanblung. — Musicseller. D. R. Marx, im Conversationshause. 3!ttu§iflcfyrer. — Music Master. Pixis, Professor der Musik, Sophienstrasse 418 (weiter siehe S. 17). 91agelfd)mtebe. — Hailmakers. Dietrich, L., Scheuernerstr. 24 Hoffmann, Alois, Biittengasse 129 Seefels, Ignaz, Schlossstr. 577 Stebel, Jos., Gernsbacherstr. 440 Delir.fitter. — Oilman. Rauch, Meinrad, Scheuernerstrasse 3 ^fenfabrifanten. — Stove Manufacturers. Anstett, G., Lichtenthalerstr. | Anstett, Nikolaus, Lichtentha- 277 I lerstrasse 274 Ettlinger, A.Scheibengasse365 j ^arapluiemacber. — Umbrella Makers. Becker, Gervas, Langestr. 85 | Degler, Wittwe, Langestr. 90 spaftetenbafer. — Pastry Cook. Schwamberger A., Gernsba- i Kienz, Ferdinand, Kreuztrass cherstrasse 441 I 168 $)errufenmad)er (grifeurg). — Hairdressers. Arnold, Eduard, Hoffriseur, i Schmid, Sophienstrasse 397 Langestrasse 98 I Schweizer, C., Langestrasse APPENDIX. 133 spflaflerer. — Pavior. Herz, Alois, Seilergasse 243 ^flanjen unb ©amenbanblung. — Seedsman. Hartweg, Lichtenthaler Allee 281 spofametUterer. — Trimming Dealers. Klein, Langestrasse 130 i Schelble, Leopoldstrasse 155 Scheibel, Sophienstrasse 419 I ^u^macterinnen. — Milliners. Me. Becker, Langestrasse 87 Me. Gotz, Langestrasse 74 Dem. Jocher, Schlossstr. 578 Me. Koch, Kreuzstrasse 168 Me. Lerch, Langestrasse 37 Dem. Buth, Kreuzstrasse 173 Me.Schweigert, Leopoldstrasse 137 Me. Wahl, Wetzel 33 Dem. Zerr, Leopoldstrasse 426 SKcflauratcurS. — Eating House Keepers. Buhl, Anton, Steingaase 520 Kah, Hermann, zum Griinen Baum, Marktplatz 526 Markel, Anton, zur Blume, Langestrasse 55 Schneider, Eichstrasse 218 Weber, Joseph, Langestr. 35 Schmid, zum Stadt Strasburg, Sophienstrasse 393 Wahrend der Sommermonate grosse Restauration im Pro- menadehause. Zerr, Witt we, Langestrasse 95 Sftottjgerber. — Tanners- Wagner, Wittwe, resp. Robert Thiergartner u. Comp. Lich- tenthalerstrasse 269 ©ddler. — Hosiers. Behrle, Langestrasse 99 Herr, Langestrasse 117 Schweizer, M., Schlossstrasse 585 Weber, Franz, Langestrasse 50 Weber, Fidel, Gernsbacherstr. 435 Weber, Alois, Biittengasse 129 Weber, Ludwig, ditto. Weber, Ignaz, Langestr. 136 ©dgmuller. — Sawpits. Huber, Xaver, Scheuernerstr.l | Zwei stadtische Sagmiihlen Schneider, J os., ditto 4 I im Beuerner Thale. 134 APPENDIX. (Sattler. — Sadlers. Friedmann, Ignaz, Langestr. 73 Gunther, Ferd., Lichtenthaier- strasse 387 Heck, Kreuzstrasse 166 Kah, Joseph, Langestrasse 39 Seefels, Carl, Wilhelmstr. 64 Stehle, Lichtenthalerstr. 178 @cl)lofj>r. — Locksmiths. Behringer, Mich., Untere Eich- gasse 231 Braun, Wilhelm, Untere Eich- gasse 240 G-ros, Klifergasse 112 Grosholz, M., Leopoldstr. 423 Kolb, Joseph, Amalienstr. 329 ©cfymibe. — Billmann. Lichtenthalerstr. 209 Hoffmann, Gernsbacherstr. 466 @d)neiber. - Amend, S., Langestrasse 97 Amend, Joh., Kreuzstr. 166 Amend, Franz Jos., Bettigstr. 372 Bongert, Wendelin, Miihlen- gasse 77 Brenner, Kreuzstrasse 167 Bross, Gernsbacherstrasse 477 Damm, Fried., Langestr. 47. Degler, Langestrasse 117 Eisen, Joseph, Langestr. 54 Falk, Alois, jun., Amalien- strasse 314 Falk, Alois, sen., Amalien- strasse 320 Fels, Jakob, Hirchgasse 575 Glattfelder, Steingasse 501 Graser, L., Obere Hardg. 347 Kolb, A., jung., Sophienstr.397 Schaibel, Wittwe, Hardgasse 346 Siefert, Wittwe, Steingasse 511 Walter, Alex., Gernsbacher- strasse 465. Farriers. Ulrich, Franz, Langestrasse 50 Walcker, Johann, Steingasse 507 Wixst, Carl, Seiler gasse 239 - Tailors. Hils, Joh., Steingasse 517 Hilger, Amalienstrasse 338 Kah, Joseph, Langestrasse 96 Kamm Alois, Klifergasse 110 Kiefer, Joseph, Eichstr. 221 Letule, L., Lichtenthalerstr 254 Schmid, M., Sophienstrase 415 Schnoringer, L., Lichtentha- lerstrasse 387 Schwarz, W., Lichtenthaler- strasse 382 Seitz, Erasmus, Lamgestr. 38 Sieferle, Gernsbacherstr. 459 Yogel, Ed., Amalienstr. 338 Weidner, E., Lichtenthaler- str asse 214 ^)amenfd)netber. — Women’s Tailors. Bierling, J., Untere Hard i Buthinger, Bobert, Langestr. gasse 200 I 114. APPENDIX. 135 ©djretner. — Ackenheil, J., Sophienstr. 398 Bayer, Ferdinand, Scklossberg 598 Best, Heinrich, Geansbacher- strasse 446 Hermann, Ed., Steingasse 502 Jorger, Alois, Hirschgasse 573 Lethen, J., Scheuernerstr. 18 Moppert, Al., Lichtenthaler- strasse 485 Moppert, Wittwe Untere Hard- Gasse 200 Mundi Fidel, Eichstrasse 217 Muxel, Jos., Sophienstr. 397. 0d}utoad)er. — Bammert, Georg, Luisenstr. 81 Beck, Daniel, Kreutzstr. 171 Bodemer, L., Untere Hard- gasse 198 Bongert, Carl, Bettigstr. 380 Borzner, Wilhelm, Amalien- strasse 320 Cloos, Carl, Gernsbacherstr. 455 Decker, A., Lichtenthalerstr. 259 Ehin ger, Fidel, Amalienstr. 201 Falk, Alois, Untere Hardgasse 188 Frass, Georg, Hoilengasse 575 Gohr, Gernsbacherstrasse 467 Gutterer, Jos., Marktplatz 525 Gutterer, Fran, Hirschgasse o7 o Haag, Langestrasse 90 Henf, Aug., Schlossstrasse 553 Henf, Jos., Hoilengasse 543 Henf, Ferd., Hirschgasse 568 Herz, Lichtenthalerstrasse 214 Herzog, F. X., Hoilengasse 540 Hilger, Karl, Kiifergasse 109 Hilger, Julian, Mlihlengasse 80 Carpenters. Muller, G., Lichtenthalerstr. 265 Muller, Wittwe, Leopoldstr. 430 Rudolf, Seilergasse 145 Siefert, Carl, Scheuernerstr. 23 Stoffel, Xaver, Amalienstr. 336 Stoffel, Joseph, Amalienstrasse 329 Ulrich,, B., Gernsbacherstrasse 448 Vogt, Ludw., Sophienstr. 397 Zabler, W., Untere Hardgasse 189 Shoemakers. Jorger, Heinrich, Amalienstr. 336 J orger, Ed., Gernsbacherstr. 451 Koppel, Alois, Hirschgasse 568 Kraft, Carl, Langestr., 117 Leile, Fr. Mich., Sophienstr. 416 Metzmaier, Lichtenthalerstr. 263 Reeb, Ludwig, Gernsbacher- strasse 471 Riedl, Georg, Amalienstr. 327 Ritzinger, A., Leopoldstr. 428 Rif zinger, Anton, Langestr. 94 Schmitt, Amalienstr. 232 Schwalb, Carl, Kiifergasse 106 Schweigert, Ignaz. Hoilengasse 535 Schuhmann, Ch., Obere Hard- gasse 346 Seckler, Alois, Steingasse 519 Stehle, Alois, Rettigstr. 376 Weiss, Fr. Ignaz, Marktpl. 562 Weiss, J. Ad., Gernsbacher- strasse 458 Weiss, Joseph, Wetzel 30 Weiss, Alois, Steingasse 514 136 APPENDIX. Wild, Fried., Leopoldst. 141 Wolf, Ludw., Gernsbacherstr. 441 Zeder, Hofschuhmacher, So- phienstrasse 417 Zeder, Carl, Wetzel 34 ©eifetptebec. — Soapmakers. Hammer u. Comp., Sophien- strasse 409 Kab, Franz, Hofseifensieder, Schlossstrasse 578 Schlund, Lichtenthalerstr. 384 Schweigert, Lichtenthalerstr. 185 (Setter. — Ropemakers. Berger, Untere Hardgasse 201 Damm, Adam. Langestr. 47 Dietrich, Wittwe, Amalien- strasse 326 Ehinger, Lichtenthalerstr. 248 Franck, Steph., Lichtenthaler- strasse 236 Kleinmann, Lorenz, Unter Eichgasse 231 Moppert, Alois, Scheuerner- strasse 13 Moppert, Fr., Wilhelmsstr. 57 Muller, Jos., Gernsbacherstr. 473 Reeb, Jos., sen., Gernsbacher- strasse 469 Reeb, Jos., jun., Amalienstr. 338 Reeb, Alois, Gernsbacherstr., 469 Schindler, Joseph, Seilergasse 242 (Seffelmadjer. — Chairmakers. Henning. Joh., in der Stadt i Weinreuter, S., Rettigstrasse Paris, Gernsbacherstr. 45 1 I 374 Steintjauer. — Stone Cutters. Steinle, Bernhard, Steingasse i Strobel, Lichtenthalerstrasse 516 I 302 VoIbers^acK .Bahnhof IiautmilliJ |j| MlUtflferif rihurst Stollhflfm .will y i ‘Uuila. vm> iiy^m Xieljerstung’ Bicti^lieim * y // ; Xeumaluch^^' . /l, ' / ^ 2 . / * ^ . 2 -