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THE 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL 
 
 ENCYCLOPEDIA 
 
 OHIO 
 
 OF 
 
 THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 CINCINNATI AND PHILADELPHIA: 
 
 GALAXY PUBLISHING COMPANY. 
 
 1876. 
 
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in tlie year 1876, by 
 CHARLES ROBSON, 
 
 In tlie Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, I). C. 
 

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 BIOGRAPHICAL 
 
 ENCYCLOPEDIA 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 fHASE, SALMON PORTLAND, late Chief-Jus- 
 tice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 
 was born in Cornish, New Hampshire, January 
 13th, 1808, descending from an ancestry dis- 
 tinguished in civil and official life during the 
 colonial career of this nation. In 1815, when 
 he was seven years old, his father removed to Keene, 
 where two years after he died. In this town Salmon was 
 first placed under instruction, remaining in- the common 
 school until he was twelve, when he was sent to Worthing- 
 ton, Ohio, where his studies were supervised by an uncle. 
 Philander Chase, at that time Bishop of the Diocese of 
 Ohio. He then entered Cincinnati College, of which that 
 distinguished churchman had become President, and by 
 application and the display of an unusually bright talent 
 was soon promoted to the sophomore class. After residing 
 in Cincinnati a year he returned to his mother’s home in 
 New Hampshire, and in 1824 became a member of the 
 junior class of Dartmouth College, from which institution 
 he graduated in 1826, being then in his eighteenth year. 
 In the ensuing winter he established a school for boys in 
 Washington, and among his pupils were the sons of William 
 Wirt, Henry Clay, Samuel L. .Southard and other men, 
 eminent as lawyers and statesmen at that time. In 1829 he 
 closed the school, and having studied law while teaching 
 was soon after admitted to the bar of the District of 
 Columbia. His legal preceptor was Mr. Wirt, and under 
 his instruction obtained a thorough knowledge of the 
 science of law. Early in 1830 he went to Cincinnati, 
 where he established his permanent residence, which was, 
 however, often interrupted by the necessities of his profes- 
 sion and by his elevation to office, which called him from 
 that city. His entrance into successful professional life was 
 
 hampered by many embarrassments, but against all he 
 struggled manfully. His first important labor was the prep- 
 aration of an edition of the “ Statutes of Ohio,” with an- 
 notations, introducing that compilation with an historical 
 sketch of the State. This work appeared in three volumes 
 8vo, and was so generally accepted as an authority on the 
 subject that it superseded all other editions, and established 
 the reputation of its compiler and annotator as a man of 
 keen research, of thorough legal training and of fine 
 literary culture. This first great success, after so many 
 difficulties had beset him, was the augury of future dis- 
 tinction. It dated the commencement of his career as a 
 successful practitioner, and he very soon secured a valuable 
 and lucrative patronage. In 1834 he became Solicitor of 
 the Bank of the United States, in Cincinnati, and within a 
 short time of one of the city banks also. Three years after 
 he was retained to defend a colored woman, claimed as a 
 fugitive slave, and in his argument in her behalf he con- 
 tended that Congress had no authority to impose any duties 
 or confer any powers in fugitive slave cases on State magis- 
 trates, and held that the act of 1793 relative to fugitives from 
 service was void, because unwarranted by the Constitution 
 of the United States. This argument was extensively pub- 
 lished, and established his reputation as one of the ablest 
 constitutional lawyers. During the same year he appeared 
 in the Supreme Court of Ohio to defend James G. Birney, 
 who had been indicted under a State law for harboring a 
 negro slave, and distinctly enunciated in his argument llie 
 doctrine “ that slavery was local and dependent on State 
 law for existence and continuance,” and insisted that “ the 
 person alleged to have been harbored, having lieen brought 
 within the territorial limits of Ohio by the individual claim- 
 ing her as master, was thenceforth in fact and by right 
 
 5 
 
6 
 
 UlOGKAPIllCAL ENCVCLOIP-EDIA. 
 
 free.” He was associated with the lion. William II. 
 Seward, in 1846, in the defence of Van Zandt, before the 
 Supreme Court of the United States, and delivered an argu- 
 ment, much more in detail than the other.s, based upon the 
 doctrine to which he had so often given eloquent emphasis, 
 that under the act of 1787 no fugitive from service could be 
 reclaimed in Ohio, “ unless there had been an escape from 
 one of the original States : that it was the clear under- 
 standing of the framers of the Constitution that slavery was 
 to be left exclusively to the disposal of the several States, 
 without sanction or support from the national government,” 
 and further “ that the clause in the Constitution relative to 
 persons held in service was one of compact between the 
 States, confeired no power of legislatibn upon Congress, 
 and was never understood to confer any.” Mr. Chase’s 
 |>ractice, w'hich embraced, as may be readily inferred from 
 these instances, some of the most important civil actions 
 brought to the attention of the State and Federal courts, 
 had up to the year 1841 wholly engrossed his attention, and 
 he had kept aloof from politics except in the exercise of his 
 right of citizenship. He had been an independent voter, 
 sometimes supporting Democrats, but more commonly 
 Whigs. He had acquired an abhorrence of the institution 
 of slavery, and this feeling was greatly stimulated by his 
 personal contact with it in the courts. It was impossible 
 for one of his energy and force of character to remain a 
 passive witness of the efforts for the extension of slavery in 
 the States. He gave his support to the Whig party of the 
 North, which at that time 'seemed more favorable to an 
 organized resistance to the growing institution, but even the 
 doctrine of this party failed to satisfy liim. In 1S41, there- 
 fore, he united in a call for a convention of those opposed 
 to slavery and its further extension. This convention was 
 held at Columbus, Ohio, in December of that year, and it 
 resulted in the organization of the Liberty party of Ohio, 
 and placed in the field a gubernatorial candidate. Mr. 
 Chase wrote an address to the people, defending the doc- 
 trine and purposes of the new political organization. The 
 anti-slavery element in other sections of the North indorsed 
 the movertient, and in 1843 ^ national convention of the 
 Liberty party met at Butfalo, New York. The Committee 
 on Resolutions, of which Mr. Chase w'as, perhaps, the most 
 distinguished member, had referred to it a resolution which 
 proposed “ to regard and treat the Third Clause of the Con- 
 •stitution, whenever applied to the case of a fugitive slave, 
 as null and void, and consequently as forming no part of 
 the Constitution of the United States, whenever we are 
 called upon or sworn to support it.” Mr. Chase opposed 
 it, and it was negatived in the committee, but its author 
 moved its adoption in the body of the convention, and this 
 was done. In June, 1845, convention of the southern 
 and western Ljberty people, which had been projected by 
 Mr. Chase, met in Cincinnati. In his call for that meeting 
 he said that it was designed to embrace all who believe that 
 whatever is worth preserving in republicanism can only be 
 
 maintained by uncompromising war against the usurpations 
 of the slave power, and are therefore resolved to “ use all 
 constitutional and honorable means to effect the extinction 
 of slavery within their respective States, and its reduction 
 to its constitutional limit in the United States.” He was 
 appointed Chairman of the Committee on Resolutions, and 
 in an address to the people, which he prepared, he gave a 
 history of slavery, the relative positions of the Democratic 
 and Whig parties towards it, and declared the urgent ne- 
 cessity for the organization of a party which should be 
 wholly and heartily committed to the complete denational- 
 ization of the slave power. A second national Liberty 
 convention was held in 1847, l^at body he argued 
 
 against making any national nomination at that time, since 
 it was highly probable that a more general anti-slavery 
 sentiment would be created in the agitation of the Wilmot 
 Proviso, the action of Congress and that of the two other 
 political organizations. In the following year, anticipating 
 the non-action of the Whig and Democratic parties on the 
 question of slavery extension, he issued a call for a “ Free 
 Territory” State Convention at Columbus, and obtained for 
 it th'e signatures of more than three thousand voters of all 
 political creeds. This meeting was both large and enthu- 
 siastic, and resulted in the holding of a national convention 
 at Buffalo, New York, in August of the same year, over 
 W’hich Mr. Chase presided. The standard-bearers nomi- 
 nated by this body were Hon. Martin Yan Buren for Presi- 
 dent, and Hon. Charles Francis Adams for Vice-President. 
 The election of United States Senator from Ohio W'as 
 appointed for P'ebruary 22d, 1849, ^ combination 
 
 of the Democratic members of the Legislature, w'ho gave 
 him their united vote, and some of the P’ree-Soil members, 
 W'ho favored their views, Mr. Chase was elected by a hand- 
 some majority. It should be remembered that the Demo- 
 cratic party of that State had just previously declared by- 
 resolution of its State convention that slavery was an evil. 
 Mr. Chase sympathized with them in their general views 
 of State policy, and supported their nominees for State 
 offices; giving them distinctly to understand, how-ever, that 
 he would sever his connection with them should they, in 
 State or national conventions, abandon their anti-slavery 
 position. In 1852 this point was reached, in his opinion. 
 At the Baltimore Convention of the Democratic party a 
 platfonn w'as adopted approving the compromise acts of 
 1850 and denouncing the further discussion of the slavery 
 question. Upon this platform Mr. Pierce was nominated 
 for the Presidency. The party in Ohio gave in their ad- 
 herence to this departure, and Mr. Chase withdrew. He 
 directly urged the organization of an Independent Demo- 
 cratic party, and drew up a declaration of principles, which 
 was substantially ratified by the Pittsburgh Convention of 
 the Independent Democracy in the same year. With this 
 party he remained identified until the development of a 
 new and powerful organization, indoctrinated with the 
 principles he had so long avowed, and which was one 
 

 
 
 
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 Bom February 26^ lOt ‘F 
 OrdaxJied Priest May !fiZ6 
 Cbasecrated Bisiwv OcAober l?^}d32 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 7 
 
 of the outgrowths of the agitation of the Nebraska bill. 
 In March, 1850, he delivered on the floor of the Senate an 
 eloquent and convincing argument against the Compromise 
 bill originated by Henry Clay “ for an amicable arrange- 
 ment of all questions in controversy between the Free and 
 the Slave States growing out of the subject of slaveiy,” and 
 forcibly reviewed all the questions which were involved in 
 it. He moved an amendment, in the shape of a proviso 
 against the introduction of slavery in the Territories to 
 which this bill applied. This amendment, however, was 
 defeated by a vote of twenty-five to thirty. With the same 
 unfortunate result he moved an amendment to the Fugitive 
 Slave bill, which would secure a jury trial for alleged 
 fugitive slaves ; and another, with the same success, ex- 
 cluding from its operation persons escaping from States to 
 Territories, and vice versa. Early in 1854, upon the in- 
 troduction of a bill for the repeal of the Missouri Com- 
 promise, or Nebraska-Kansas bill, he published an appeal 
 to the people against such action, and on February 3d, in 
 the Senate, made an elaborate exposure of that measure 
 from the standpoint of the opposition. In the discussion 
 which ensued he took a conspicuous part, and did not per- 
 mit its passage until he had uttered an earnest and eloquent , 
 protest against it, the effect of which, so far as their action 
 speaks, was lost on the majority in the .Senate. His entire 1 
 course in his Senatorial career was to divorce the Federal 
 government from all connection with slavery, to secure the 
 rights of the States and of individuals, and to promote 
 economy in the administration of the finances of the nation. 
 He was one of the first to urge a liberal support on the part 
 of the government to the trans-continental railway project, | 
 between the Atlantic and Pacific, and gave no small share | 
 of his attention to rendering more secure the navigation of j 
 the great lakes. He at all times favored cheap postage j 
 and the free homestead movement. Plis energetic and un- 
 varying course in the Senate increased his constituency, j 
 and in 1855 he was nominated and elected Governor of I 
 Ghio by the opponents of the Pierce administration and the j 
 Nebraska bill. He was inaugurated in the following year, 
 and advocated in his address, on the occasion of his instal- I 
 lation in the highest office of the Commonwealth, an econ- 
 omical administration of public affairs, an ample educational 
 fund, single legislative districts, and annual instead of bi- 
 ennial legislative sessions. An effort was made by his 
 supporters in Ohio to permit the use of his name as a can- 
 didate for the Republican nomination for President, which 
 was to be made that year, but at his request it was with- | 
 drawn. He was re-elected Governor in 1857 by the largest \ 
 vote that had hitherto been polled for any candidate in ' 
 that State, and in May, i860, at the National Republican 
 Convention held at Chicago, he was a candidate for nomi- j 
 nation, receiving 49 out of 465 votes on the first ballot. In , 
 1861 President Lincoln called him to his Cabinet, with the 
 portfolio of Secretary of the Treasury, and this office he 
 filled until July 30th, 1864, when he tendered his resigna- , 
 
 tion, which was accepted. During the great rebellion he 
 shaped and controlled the financial policy of the nation, the 
 chief characteristics of which were the issue of United 
 States legal tenders, the borrowing of money on bonds and 
 the present national banking system, which completely super- 
 seded the old system of State banks. The bonds upon which 
 the government obtained money were made to mature at va- 
 rious dates, and with such an interval of time between each 
 series as to render their liquidation as easy as possible with- 
 out forcing too great a tax upon the people. By act of 
 Congress the banking system was framed to grant to each 
 bank a circulation of national bank notes based upon a 
 deposit of United States bonds as a guarantee, in the ratio 
 of 8100 in bonds for every 890 of notes issued to the bank. 
 Upon his retirement from the head of the finances of the 
 government the national debt aggregated ^1,740,690,489. 
 From this position he went to one in many respects more 
 exalted. In October of 1864 Chief-Justice Taney, of the Su- 
 preme Court of the United States, died, and Mr. Chase was 
 appointed his successor. He presided over the trial of Presi- 
 dent Johnson, who, in March, 1868, was impeached before 
 the bar of the Senate by the House of Representatives, and 
 on two occasions, when the constitutionality of the legal 
 tender act was at issue; the first decision, pronounced by the 
 Chief-Justice himself, was unfavorable; the second, after 
 two vacancies on the bench had been filled, affirmed its 
 constitutionality by a bare majority. Dissatisfied with the 
 action of the Republican leaders, he permitted his name to 
 be used for the Presidential nomination in the National 
 Convention of the Democratic party, held in New York, 
 July, 1868, but received only 4 out of the 663 votes in that 
 body. He retired then from public affairs, and subse- 
 quently took no action of any political significance beyond 
 an acknowledgment of his adhesion to the organization 
 which opposed the re-election of President Grant, in 1872. 
 He died in New York, on May 7th, 1873. 
 
 I URCELL. MOST REV. JOHN B., Archbishop 
 of Cincinnati, Ohio, son of Edmund and Jo- 
 hanna Purcell, was born at Mallon, in the county 
 of Cork, Ireland, Februai-y 26th, 1800. His 
 parents, highly respectable and pious people, 
 bestowed upon their children as .sound an edu- 
 cation as could be had in the schools of their native place. 
 Like Samuel of old, little John was dedicated, even before 
 his birth, to the service of God. Already he experienced 
 the greatest joy when first allowed to serve at the altar, and 
 his integrity gained such confidence with the priest th.at 
 he was intrusted with the task of distributing the .Sunday 
 contributions among the needy. Deceived in his expecta- 
 tion to receive from well-to-do relatives the necessary means 
 for completing his studies at Maynooth, and resolved not to 
 be a burden to his parents, he emigrated to the United 
 
8 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 States at the age of eighteen years. Having received a 
 certificate of qualification from the faculty of Asbury Col- 
 lege, at Baltimore, he was engaged as a private teacher by 
 a family on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. After serving 
 in this capacity for two years he was received as student 
 and teacher in Mount St. Mary’s College, near Emmits- 
 burg, in the same State, and in 1823 Archbishop Marechal, 
 of Bahimore, conferred on him the four minor orders. On 
 the 1st of March, 1824, in company with the Rev. Brute, 
 afterwards first Bishop of Vincennes, he went to Paris to 
 complete his studies in the Seminary of St. Sulpice, and in 
 1826 was ordained priest by Archbishop de Quelen, in the 
 Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris. On his return to America 
 he filled the Professorial chair of Philosophy in Mount St. 
 Maiy’s College, and besides attending to his regular duties 
 of the confessional and pulpit he also assisted the aged and 
 venerable Father Brute in the teaching of theology. In 
 1832 the cholera, then raging as an epidemic, bereaved 
 the city of Cincinnati of her first bishop, the Right Rev. 
 Edward Fenwick, consecrated in 1822, when the diocese 
 was first established; and in 1833 the Pope chose as his 
 successor the Rev. John B. Purcell. In the same year, 
 on October 13th, he was consecrated Bishop by Arch- 
 bishop R. Whitfield, in the Cathedral of Baltimore, in 
 presence of Bishops Dr. Kenrick, of Philadelphia, and Dr. 
 Du Bois, of New York; Rev. Dr. Eccleston delivering the 
 festal sermon on the occasion. Ardent and zealous to per- 
 form the duties now imposed upon him, the young bishop, 
 during the week following his consecration, took part in 
 the Second Provincial Council of Baltimore, after which he 
 set out for Cincinnati, the seat of his appointed bishopric. 
 On his arrival he in no ways found things in a flourishing 
 condition, the Catholics only possessing one church at the 
 time. Knowing, however, that the field laid out for his 
 labors was of fertile and productive soil, he applied to the 
 work his erudite and persisting mind, deeply imbued with 
 the importance of its task. Soon experiencing that the 
 German element promised to constitute a .strong and highly 
 influential portion of the Catholic population, he at once 
 set about building a separate church for them ; and to cany 
 out this project he sacrificed a valuable piece of real estate 
 left to him by his predecessor. Going from house to house 
 he gathered contributions for his holy and praiseworthy 
 design, and in one year he had the consolation of conse- 
 crating the first German Catholic church in Cincinnati, the 
 Church of the Holy Trinity. The entire diocese, em- 
 bracing the State of Ohio, then comprised sixteen so-called 
 churches, few of which, however, deserved the name, as 
 they were mostly block-houses, now long since disappeared, 
 having given place to more modern edifices. Owing to 
 the rapid growth of Catholicism it soon became neccssaiy 
 to erect a second diocese for the northern half of the State, 
 and on the loth of October, 1847, the Rev. Amadeus Rappe 
 was consecrated its first bishop in the Cathedral of Cincin- 
 nati. The year 1S6S witnessed the erection of the Diocese 
 
 of Columbus, under Bishop S. H. Rosecrans. In 1850 
 Bishop Purcell was appointed Archbishop, and in the year 
 following, being in Rome, he received the Pallium from the 
 Pope’s own hands. The former Diocese of Cincinnati, 
 embracing the present archdiocese, the Diocese of Cleve- 
 land and that of Columbus, now contains, instead of sixteen 
 churches, over 460, and nearly 100 chapels. Its Catholic 
 population amounts to 450,000, of which the Archdiocese of 
 Cincinnati comprises at present 240,000, more than 85,000 
 being in Cincinnati alone. Where once he beheld but one 
 Catholic church he now counts more than 30 splendid and 
 imposing edifices. Furthermore, these three dioceses enjoy 
 the services of more than 375 clergymen, and contain 51 re- 
 ligious communities, 3 theological seminaries, 3 colleges, 23 
 literary institutions for girls, 22 orphan asylums, one protec- 
 tory for boys, 6 hospitals, 10 charitable institutions and 266 
 parochial schools. The statistics of 1876 compared with 
 those of 1832 are highly flattering, and, as must be con- 
 ceded by all, can only be the accomplishment of so 
 undaunted a spirit as that of his Grace the Most Rev. 
 John B. Purcell ; for under his direct administration were 
 established the following institutions, viz. : The Theological 
 Seminary at Mount St. Mary’s of the West ; St. Xavier 
 College ; the Passionist Monastery, Mount Adams ; the 
 Catholic Gymnasium of St. Francis Assisium; St. Joseph’s 
 Academy; St. Mary’s Institute; six literary institutes for 
 young ladies, three of which are conducted by the Sisters 
 of Notre Dame, the others by the Ladies of the Sacred 
 Heart, Sisters of Charity and Ursuline Nuns; six convents, 
 the P'oundling Asylum and Lying-in Hospital of St. Vin- 
 cent of Paul ; the Protectory for Boys ; St. Mary’s Hospital ; 
 the Hospital of the Good Samaritan ; St. Peter’s, St. Joseph’s 
 and St. Aloysius’ Orphan Asylum, and more than thirty 
 parochial schools, with over 15,000 children in attendance. 
 Among the many incidents of the Archbishop’s life the fol- 
 lowing are of interest and worthy of note : About the time 
 when religious excitement was at its height, there took 
 place the celebrated debate between Alexander Campbell, 
 the founder of a new sect of his name (who now call them- 
 selves Christian Disciples), and the Archbishop. It lasted 
 over a week, and the five judges, representing as many 
 different denominations, awarded the victory to the Arch- 
 bishop, which caused the greatest enthusiasm among the 
 Catholics and a large number of Protestants. Of the many 
 conversions which occurred at this time may be mentioned 
 that of the eminent jurist and thinker. Judge Burnet, for- 
 merly Governor of California, who dedicated to the Arch- 
 bishop his excellent work entitled “ The Path which led a 
 Protestant Lawyer to the Catholic Church.” Not only at 
 home, but also abroad, were witnessed the glorious results 
 of the Archbishop’s labors. When in Rome, in the year 
 1851, the European newspapers gave the details of a mur- 
 der said to have been committed by Count Hippolyte 
 Bocarme, and who had been for several years with his 
 father in Arkansas. This, singularly enough, awakened in 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOIVLDIA. 
 
 9 
 
 the heart of the good Archbishop a presentiment that it 
 would be his lot to assist the murderer in his last moments. 
 After a six months’ journey through Europe he arrived just 
 two days before the count’s execution, in Pournay, Belgium. 
 The count had steadily refused the assistance of any priest 
 connected with the government, but he was ready to listen to 
 a missionary. On seeing the Archbishop his first question 
 was : “ Have you been sent by the king, or by the Pope? ” 
 “ By neither,” was the reply ; “ I come by the providence 
 of God.” “ You are the man I want,” he said, kissing the 
 cross and the Archbishop’s hand with emotion, and begged 
 him to leave him no more. He complied with his request, 
 and on the 19th of September, 1851, he accompanied him 
 to the scaffold. In 1862, on the invitation of the Holy 
 Father, the Archbishop visited Rome for the fourth time, 
 in order to be present at the canonization of the Japanese 
 martyrs. In 1867 Archbishop Purcell repaired once more 
 to Rome, and again, in 1869, to take part in the great 
 General Council of the Vatican. The fiftieth anniversary 
 of his priesthood was celebrated on the 21st of May of the 
 present year ( 1876). Such is in short a synopsis of the life 
 of the Most Rev. Archbishop John B. Purcell, whose spirit 
 will live forever with the public he has so greatly benefited. 
 
 IfAOFORTH, william, M. D., was born in the 
 city of New York, in 1766. His preparatory 
 education was tolerably good. In medicine his 
 private preceptor was Dr. Joseph Young, a phy- 
 sician of some eminence. He also enjoyed the 
 more substantial teachings of Dr. Charles Mc- 
 Knight, then a public lecturer in New York. In their 
 midst, however, he and other students of the forming 
 school were dispersed by a mob raised against the pro- 
 moters of anatomical investigation. This was in the winter 
 of 1787-88. He at once resolved to go West, and landed 
 at Maysville, Kentucky, then called Limestone, on the loth 
 of June, 1788. Eventually settling in Washington, four 
 miles from the river, he soon acquired popularity and a 
 large practice. He remained at this place eleven years, 
 and then determined to go to Cincinnati, being very fond 
 of change. In the spring of 1800 he reached his destina- 
 tion, in the meantime having tarried several months at his 
 father’s home in Columbia. His father was Judge Goforth, 
 one of the earliest settlers of the State. He occupied the 
 Peach Grove House, formerly the residence of Dr. Allison, 
 who had left the city, and succeeded to his practice. His 
 high reputation and good family connections brought him a 
 large practice. In 1801 he introduced vaccination in Cin- 
 cinnati, the infection having been brought from Europe to 
 Eastern cities the year previous. In 1803, at great ex- 
 pense, he dug up a mass of huge fossil bones at Bigbone 
 Lick, Kentucky, but was imposed upon by an Englishman 
 
 named Ashe with a French alias. The doctor was very 
 partial to the P'rench, and this man gained his confidence, 
 was intrusted with the bones to convey them to Europe, 
 and there disposed of them and was never heard of more. 
 Nor was this by any means the only instance in which his 
 good nature was imposed upon by adventurers and sharpers. 
 He was the special patron of those engaged i.i seeking for 
 precious metals, arid such persons never neglected to 
 quarter themselves upon his family while having their 
 “specimens” examined through his agency. He was very 
 fond of associating with French people, and .sympathized 
 warmly with refugees from that (then) distracted country. 
 His own polite manners and faultless precision in dress, no 
 doubt, commended him to these exiles from the “ land of 
 etiquette.” This admiration of the French and his love of 
 change led him to conceive the idea of taking up his resi- 
 dence in Louisiana, which had lately been purchased by the 
 United States, and which was a place of refuge for large num- 
 bers of these exiles. Accordingly, in 1807, he departed on a 
 flat-boat for the lower Mississippi. Soon after his arrival 
 he was elected a Parish Judge, and the Creoles of Attacapas 
 elected him a member of the convention to form a consti- 
 tution for the new State. During the invasion of Louisiana 
 by the British he was an Assistant Surgeon in the American 
 army. Eventually he became dissatisfied with his prospects 
 and associations in the South, and longed for Cincinnati. 
 From letters he wrote, this dissatisfaction must have 
 amounted to actual disgust. He arrived in Cincinnati in 
 May, 1816, after a voyage by river of eight months. Dur- 
 ing this journey, which for some reason he had protracted 
 to great length, he contracted a disease from which he 
 never recovered. He met with a flattering welcome from 
 the citizens, and at once resumed his popularity. But he 
 was not destined to remain long with them. He died in 
 the spring of 1817, regretted by the entire community, to 
 every man, woman and child of which his face and figure 
 were familiar. He was the second physician to die within 
 the limits of Cincinnati, Dr. Allison being the first. He 
 was very original, if not eccentric, in manner. He dressed 
 with great care, and never left the house until his hair had 
 been powdered and his gold-headed cane grasped in his 
 left hand. He was devoted to the Masonic fraternity, and 
 invariably adorned his signature with some of its emblems. 
 Dr. Daniel Drake, his distinguished pupil, says of him that 
 “ he had the most winning manners of any physician he 
 ever knew.” Although so many years have pa.sscd since 
 his death, there are yet living quite a number of citizens 
 of Cincinnati who remember him, and his memory is 
 preserved not only by those who actually recollect the 
 man, but by the whole medical profession of the city. 
 As the introducer of vaccination in Cincinnati, and, prac- 
 tically, therefore, in the West, he is entitled to high 
 distinction among his profe.ssional brethren, and to the 
 grateful remembrance of the whole community. In all 
 the relations of life, whether as a physician, a public of- 
 
 2 
 
lO 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPHiDIA. 
 
 ficial, or a private citizen, he proved himself a man of 
 great ability, broad liberality of view and eminent consci- 
 entiousness. 
 
 rA) 
 
 'AGANS, MARCELLUS BROWN, Lawyer, was 
 born in Petersburg, Somerset county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, on the 2lst of April, 1827. On the father’s 
 side he was descended from the old Puritan 
 stock, and on the mother’s was of Scotch-Irish 
 extraction. At the age of four years he was 
 taken with the family to Kingwood, in West Virginia. He 
 obtained a preparatory course of training in the academy at 
 that place, and when that was completed he entered the 
 Washington College, at Washington, Pennsylvania. There 
 he graduated at the early age of seventeen years. Not 
 long after he left college he began the study of law with 
 his uncle, the Hon. William G. Brown, of Kingwood, who 
 represented the Wheeling District in Congress for three 
 successive terms, and who was distinguished as one of the 
 foremost lawyers of that State. In the year 1848, while 
 still in his minority, the young student was admitted to the 
 bar, and immediately thereafter he entered into a partner- 
 ship with his brother-in-law, who was afterwards judge of 
 one of the Circuit Courts of West Virginia. In the year 
 1852 the younger member of the firm removed to Cin- 
 cinnati and continued the practice of his profession. In 
 1856 he formed a partnership with S. J. Broadwell. He 
 continued in this partnership until 1868, when he was 
 elected to the Judgeship of the Superior Court of Cincin- 
 nati by a majority of very gratifying proportions. His pro- 
 fession.al career has been an eminently successful one, and 
 he stands among the foremost of the able men of the Cin- 
 cinnati bar. The duties of a very active professional career 
 and a very exacting official position have not prevented his 
 finding leisure for high and choice intellectual and social 
 culture. He has found time, moreover, to attend to many 
 matters outside of his profession and his official position, in 
 which the public was much interested. He has been an 
 active Sund.ay-school worker, and his work in that direc- 
 tion has been earnest and effective. He was one of the 
 incorporators of the Wesleyan Female College of Cincin- 
 nati, and the origin and success of this institution were 
 largely due to his efforts. In the great contest that pre- 
 ceded the expulsion of the Bible from the public schools of 
 Cincinnati, he and Judge Bellamy Storcr gave the majority 
 decision in favor of retaining the Bible. In this connection 
 it may be said that he is an active and earnest Christian, 
 and his decision in the matter just cited was in a line with 
 both his religious and intellectual convictions. His term as 
 Judge of the Superior Court would have expired in the 
 year 1S73, but the superior pecuniary advantages offered 
 the practice of his profession led him to resign the position 
 before the expiration of his term. His professional experi- 
 ence has been varied by a number of remarkable and 
 
 romantic causes which have come within his practice. In 
 1851 he married the only daughter of Hon. Samuel Lewis, 
 a distinguished and uncompromising opponent of the slave 
 power, who was twice the candidate of the Free-Soil or 
 the Free Democratic party for Governor of Ohio, and who 
 was also the father of the free school system in that State. 
 
 LLEN, HON. WILLIAM, Governor of Ohio, 
 formerly a member of the United States Senate 
 and a Representative in Congress, was born in 
 Chowan, North Carolina. His father, Nathaniel 
 Allen, was a descendant from an ancestor of the 
 same name who came from England with Wil- 
 liam Penn, being of the Society of Friends, and settled in 
 Philadelphia. One of the sons of the first Nathaniel Allen, 
 whose name was William, was the first judge of Pennsyl- 
 vania. The branch of the family from which Governor 
 Allen descended removed to the South, and separating 
 themselves from the Society of Friends, engaged in the 
 Revolutionary struggle, the father of Governor Allen ac- 
 cepting a commission in the Continental army, which he 
 held till the close of the war. He was also a member of 
 the North Carolina Constitutional Convention which ac- 
 cepted the Federal Constitution by which the government 
 of the United States was formed. His uncle, Joseph 
 Hewes, was one of the signers of the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence. Both his parents dying within a year of his 
 birth, the c.are of Governor Allen’s childhood devolved on 
 his only sister, who married soon after the death of her 
 parents and removed to Lynchburg, Virginia, taking her 
 brother with her. To this excellent woman — Mrs. Pleasant 
 Thurman, mother of the Hon. Allen G. Thurman, United 
 States Senator from Ohio — Governor Allen is indebted for 
 an education as good as the institutions of the country 
 afforded in his day. His father left some means; but 
 though they were not ample, under his sister’s careful man- 
 ;igement they were made to do the utmost toward his edu- 
 cation. Removing to Ohio, she left him for some time in 
 Lynchburg, where he attended a private school ; but at the 
 age of sixteen he joined his sister at Chillicothe, and made 
 his home with her while he finished his education at the 
 Chillicothe Academy, an institution of learning then second 
 to none in the State, and at which he obtained the ordinary 
 knowledge of Latin and Greek imparted at such prepara- 
 tory institutions. At the age of eighteen he began the study 
 of law in the office of Edward King, of Chillicothe, son of 
 Hon. Rufus King, of New York, and was admitted to the 
 bar when he was but twenty years of age. He at once 
 began the practice of his profession with his old preceptor, 
 Mr. King, and owing to the felicitous circumstances of his 
 start, as well as his great native powers as an advocate, he 
 at once acquired an extended and lucrative ];ractice. In 
 1832 the Democrats of his district induced him to stand for 
 

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BIOGRAPHICAI, ENCYCLOP/EDTA. 
 
 II 
 
 the office of Congressional Representative, and though the 
 district had been strongly Whig, and he was opposed by 
 Governor Duncan MacArthur, who declined renomination 
 to the executive office in order to stand for Congress, the 
 magic of a young face and a fresh, impassioned oratory 
 broke down the opposition and secured his election by the 
 sufficient but remarkable majority of one vote. The posi- 
 tion which he gained in the House of Representatives by 
 the law of intellectual gravitation marked him as a rising 
 man, and in 1837 he was chosen by the Legislature of Ohio 
 to succeed the venerable Thomas Ewing in the United 
 States Senate. He remained in the Senate twelve years, 
 the associate of the brightest minds that have ever illumin- 
 ated the history of the great republic. By such contempo- 
 raries as Seward and Webster and Clay and Calhoun he 
 was surrounded but not overshadowed. From among 
 them and by them he was chosen Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Foreign Relations, a position of delicate responsi- 
 bility, one bringing him into the closest relations with the 
 administration, and which has ever been considered the 
 most important and honorable in Congress. Henry Clay 
 was a member of the committee at the same time that Mr. 
 Allen occuj.ied the chair. His party being in the minority 
 in the Legislature in 1849, I's was succeeded in the Senate 
 by the late Chief-Justice Chase, and retired completely from 
 public life. May 5th, 1845, had married Mrs. Effie 
 Coons, the daughter of Governor Duncan MacArthur, his 
 first political opponent. She is remembered as a woman 
 of great personal attractions and a highly cultivated mind. 
 She died in Washington in March, 1847, leaving an infant 
 daughter. Overwhelmed by this great affliction, which was 
 rendered unusually poignant by the singularly tender at- 
 tachment in which he held his wife, Mr. Allen willingly 
 withdrew from public life to a fine estate of fourteen hun- 
 dred acres called Fruit Hill, in the valley of the Sciota, 
 near Chillicothe, a part of which had been acquired with 
 his wife, and was formerly the home of her father. Gover- 
 nor MacArthur. Here for a period of twenty-four years he 
 enjoyed uninterrupted the pleasures of an elegant rural 
 home, dividing his attention between the education of his 
 child, the cultivation of his farm, and the prosecution of 
 philosophical and scientific studies, to which he has ever 
 been devoted. In 1873, feeling that he owed it to the 
 party that had raised him to such early fame, he consented 
 to have his name placed on the Democratic ticket for the 
 office of Governor, and with the singular felicity which has 
 ever attended his political career, the farmer of the Sciota 
 wxs elected, though all the rest of the State ticket sustained 
 defeat. He was nominated in 1875 for ^ second term, but 
 was defeated on the financial issue. The career of Gover- 
 nor Allen cannot be discussed at great length in a work of 
 this nature ; but fortunately a life so singularly marked dis- 
 closes its importance by the simple statement of events, 
 without the comment of the historian. He is emphatically 
 a gentleman of the old regime — a solitary survivor of that 
 
 grand old galaxy of statesmen whose central star was 
 Daniel Webster, and whose history it is their country’s 
 glory to remember. Governor Allen has been much spoken 
 of by the Democratic press of the country as a candidate 
 for the Presidency in 1876. He was mentioned for the 
 same place in 1847. 
 
 t OBISON, HON. JOHN PETER, M. D., Physi- 
 cian, Manufacturer, and State Senator, was born 
 January 23d, 1811, at Lyons, Ontario county. 
 New York. On his father’s side he is of Scotch 
 descent, his paternal ancestors having emigrated 
 to America among the earliest settlers. His 
 mother is of English extraction. He was educated at 
 Niffing’s School, at Vienna, New York, after leaving 
 which, in 1828, he commenced the study of medicine as a 
 private pupil of Dr. Woodward, President of the Vermont 
 College of Medicine, from which institution he graduated 
 in 1831. He started in the practice of his profession at 
 Bedford, Ohio, where he continued for eleven years, and 
 his success was gratifying as well as lucrative. He there- 
 after turned his attention to other business. In 1874 he 
 erectfd the National Packing Plouse at Cleveland, which is 
 probably the model packing house of America or Europe. 
 The cost of the building was $40,000, and in it one thou- 
 sand hogs per day can be disposed of. He has taken an 
 active part in public affairs, and has filled honorable posi- 
 tions in political and business life. In 1861 he was elected 
 to the State Senate, where his services were honorable to 
 himself and valuable to his constituents. He was the Vice- 
 President of the Northern Ohio Fair Association at its 
 organization, and for the last three years has been its Presi- 
 dent. 
 
 .Cotton Merchant, was 
 Kentucky, on Novem- 
 of Allen Rowland 
 Nancy .S. Railcy, both of whom were natives 
 of W^oodford county and of Virginia ancestry. 
 He was raised on a farm, passed two years at the 
 Kentucky Military Institute, and in 1849 rnoved to Cincin- 
 nati and became a clerk in the grocery house of Messick, 
 Taylor & Watts. He began the grocery business in one of 
 the firms succeeding them, in August, 1854, and continued 
 in that business until 18C7, when the present firm of Row- 
 land & Co. was formed, which now conducts the largest 
 cotton business in the city. Its members arc Charles W. 
 Rowland, W. H. Harrison, and Charles Heinking. He 
 was married on July 20th, 1854, to Virginia Greene. He 
 was President of the Young Men’s Mercantile Library 
 Association in 1859; w.as President of the Cincinnati 
 Chamber of Commerce from August, 1870, to August, 1872. 
 In religious matters he has always been an active worker. 
 
12 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EUIA. 
 
 He joined the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1849, and is 
 now President of the Young Men’s Bible Society of Cincin- 
 nati. He has always been a Democrat, but has held no 
 political office save that of a member of the Ohio Constitu- 
 tional Convention of 1873-74. He took an active part in 
 the temperance crusade of 1874 as a public speaker against 
 license, visiting various parts of the State for this purpose. 
 He is now Chairman of the Union Temperance League of 
 the State of Ohio. 
 
 |(jART, HON. ALPHONSO, Lieutenant-Governor 
 of Ohio, son of Chauncey and Melisendra Hart, 
 )| :l was born July 4th, 1830, in Vienna, Trumbull 
 county, where his father followed the occupation 
 of farming. The family came originally from 
 Hartford county, Connecticut, where their name 
 and connections are very numerous, and settled in Ohio 
 only a few years previous to the birth of their son. Mr. 
 Hart enjoyed the usual advantages of the country youth, in 
 the public schools of his native county, up to the age of 
 fourteen, when his father died and the little family of five 
 children was dispersed. Alphonso was bound out to a 
 neighboring farmer for three years; but dissatisfied with the 
 treatment he received, and having no opportunity for im- 
 provement and culture, at the end of seven months he 
 signified his unwillingness to remain, dissolved the connec- 
 tion, and assumed the regulation of his own career. Pie 
 determined to obtain an education, and achieved his pur- 
 pose without the aid of a dollar from relation or friend. 
 By laboring and teaching in vacations and winters he main- 
 tained himself at the Grand River Institute, in Ashtalrula 
 county, till he acquired a fair knowledge of Latin, Greek, 
 mathematical and other sciences. At the age of nineteen 
 he registered for the bar, and pursuing his legal studies 
 during the intervals of labor, was admitted August 12th, 
 1851. In the spring of 1852 he entered the office of Judge 
 John Clark, of New Lisbon, Columbiana county, to begin 
 pr.rctice under his direction. He remained with Judge 
 Clark two years, and in 1854 was elected Assistant Clerk 
 of the lower branch of the Ohio Legislature. The same 
 year he purchased the Portage Sentinel, a weekly news- 
 paper published at Ravenna, which he conducted in the 
 interests of the Democratic party till 1857, when he disposed 
 of the concern to associate himself with Samuel Strawder, 
 of Ravenna, in the practice of law. This association con- 
 tinued till i860. In 1861 Mr. Hart was elected Prosecut- 
 ing Attorney for Portage county, and was re-elected to the 
 same office in 1863, but resigned in 1864 to accept the seat 
 in the State .Senate vacated by the elevation of the Hon. 
 Luther Day to the .Supreme Bench. Resuming his practice 
 at the expiration of his term, he devoted himself rigidly to 
 his profession till 1871, when he again entered the political 
 arena and was elected to represent his district in the Senate. 
 In 1873 Mr. Hart received the signal honor of being elected 
 
 Lieutenant-Governor of the State, and that at a time when 
 his party sustained quite a general overthrow, and their 
 executive nominee was defeated by Governor Allen. A 
 career so marked as that of Mr. Hart discloses the charac- 
 ter of the man without the comment of the historian. Since 
 the breaking out of the war, in 1861, he has been a Repub- 
 lican, but his legislative course has been marked by a 
 degree of political sagacity and an independence of judg- 
 ment which distinguishes the statesman from the mere 
 politician. When a member of the Senate, over which he 
 now presides, he was Chairman of the Standing Committee 
 on Judiciary, and also of the Committee on Privileges and 
 Elections. As Chairman of the latter he made the 
 majority report upon the Senatorial contest from the Third 
 District, which resulted in establishing the right of the 
 inmates of the National Military Asylum for Disabled 
 Soldiers, at Dayton, to vote. The measure was one of 
 grave importance, involving questions of constitutional law, 
 the jurisdiction of States, and the political status of people 
 in a Stale who were living upon land ceded to the general 
 government for national purposes. Deciding as it did their 
 right of citizenship, it excited the deepest interest among 
 soldiers, and especially those at the various government 
 asylums throughout the Union. The immediate question 
 involved was the right of a Senator to a seat which he had 
 gained by having the soldiers’ vote thrown out ; and as the 
 Senate was a tie, and the unseating of the member would 
 give the Republicans a majority and the power to control 
 legislation, the contest was the most obstinate and bitter in 
 the legislative history of Ohio. As Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee Mr. Hart brought in a report adverse to the sitting 
 member and in favor of the contestant for whom the sol- 
 diers had tendered their ballots. In the hot debate that 
 followed he maintained his position with such eloquence 
 and ability as made him the leader of his party in the Gen- 
 eral Assembly. The Senate adopted the report and the 
 seat was given to the eontestant, and in a subsequent review 
 of the case the Supreme Court, notwithstanding a former 
 decision to the contrary, affirmed the policy advocated by 
 Mr. Hart, and the right of soldiers to vote in the State 
 where their asylums are loeated is now judicially settled. 
 Impartial, able, and courteous, with great knowledge of 
 parliamentary law, Lieutenant-Governor Hart has gained 
 the good-will and confidenee of both parties as presiding 
 officer of the Senate. As a political speaker he is well 
 known, having frequently made the canvass of the State. 
 In 1872 he was Presidential Elector at Large for Ohio on 
 the Republican ticket, and in the electoral college cast his 
 vote for the re-election of General Grant. In his profession 
 he has gained a reputation not less distingirished and hon- 
 orable than that obtained in the field of politics. He was 
 mentioned to the w'fiter by the Chief-Justice of the State as 
 a lawyer excellent in general practice and eminent in the 
 sphere of an advocate. In forensic debate he po.ssesses a 
 style fervid, collected, and persuasive, which warms the 
 

 '—/^r-iu- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 13 
 
 imagination not less than it satisfies the judgment. During 
 the summer of 1S64 he removed to Cleveland, where he 
 formed a professional association with Messrs. Marvin and 
 Squire, and since his retirement from office at the close of 
 his term he has been constantly engaged in the practice of 
 law. He was married on November 22d, 1856, to Phebe 
 Peck, of Warren, who died in September, 1868, leaving 
 two children, a son and a daughter. 
 
 ONG WORTH, NICHOLAS, Lawyer, Vine- 
 grower and Horticulturist, was born, January 
 l6th, 1782, in Newark, New Jersey. His father 
 had been a Tory during the war of the Revolu- 
 tion, and his large property had been entirely 
 confiscated in consequence. Young Longworth’s 
 childhood was passed in comparative indigence, and while 
 yet a boy he went to South Carolina as clerk for an elder 
 brother ; but the climate proved unfavorable to his health, 
 and, returning to Newark, he resolved to study law. Be- 
 lieving that the region then known as the Northwest 
 Territory offered the best opportunity of success to young 
 men of enterprise, he removed thither in 1803, and, fixing 
 upon the little village of Cincinnati as his residence, he 
 continued his legal studies in the office of Judge Jacob 
 Burnet. His first case after admission to the bar was the 
 defence of a horse-thief, receiving for his fee two copper 
 whiskey-stills. These he bartered for thirty-three acres of 
 land. Central avenue being its eastern boundary. Owing 
 to the great influx of emigration this land in process of time 
 arose to the value of over two millions of dollars. From 
 the time of his arrival in Cincinnati he held to the idea that 
 the log village of that day would become the metropolis of 
 the future. He was outspoken and decided on this point. 
 His convictions determined all his actions in this direction; 
 but they were the merest visions to the old men around 
 him. While a student in Judge Burnet’s office he offered 
 to purchase the judge’s cow pasture, and, thinking to obtain 
 it on a long credit, proposed to pay five thousand dollars 
 for it. The judge reproved him sharply for what he was 
 jfleased to term the folly that would assume such a debt for 
 such worthless investment ; but he lived to see the cow- 
 pasture valued at one and a half million dollars. When 
 Mr. Longworth began the practice of law he was known as 
 the attorney who would always take land for fees ; and 
 during his connection with that profession all his earnings 
 were invested in lands in and around Cincinnati, so that 
 he became, in the course of a few years, a large lot and 
 land-owner and dealer. At that time property was held at 
 a very low figure ; many of his lots cost him but ten dollars 
 each, while vast tracts represented but a lawyer’s fee. He 
 had for some years given much attention to the cultivation 
 of the grape, with the view of making wine; and at first at- 
 tempted, though with but little success, the acclimation of 
 
 foreign vines. He tried about forty different varieties before 
 the idea occurred to him of testing the capabilities of our 
 indigenous grapes. In 1828 he withdrew from the practice 
 of his profession and commenced experimenting upon the 
 adaptation of native grapes to the production of wine. Two 
 of the varieties — the Catawba and the Isabella — seemed to 
 him to possess the best qualities for wine in that clim'ate and 
 soil, and he gradually adopted these throughout his vine- 
 yards, though not entirely to the exclusion of others. He 
 had two hundred acres of vineyards, and extensive- wine- 
 vaults in the city, where the vintage of each year was stored 
 by itself to ripen. He also purchased wine and grape -juice 
 in large quantities, to be converted by his processes into the 
 wine of commerce. These vineyards eventually became 
 profitable to him, and to the thousands of vine-growers and 
 vine-dressers who emigrated from the wine countries of 
 Europe and established themselves on the hill-slopes of the 
 Ohio, in the vicinity of Cincinnati; but for some years his 
 expenditure was greater than his income from his vineyards. 
 He did not, however, confine his attention to the culture of 
 the grape. He was also much interested in the improve- 
 ment of the strawberry, and published the results of his 
 numerous experiments on the influence of the sexual char- 
 acter of the strawberry in rendering it productive. Cin- 
 cinnati he made famous for strawberry culture ; and from 
 him the celebrated “ Longworth Prolific ” derives its name. 
 In private life he was a genial, kindly, but very eccentric 
 man, dressing always in the extremest simplicity and plain- 
 ness, often to the extent of shabbiness. He was singularly 
 unostentatious in his display of wealth and in his personal 
 habits. He was never accused of meanness nor of illilier- 
 ality. Pie was public-spirited and useful; his brain ever 
 teeming with valuable suggestions to the people. He con- 
 tributed largely to public charities; but his name was rarely 
 found on published lists of contributors to charitable enter- 
 prises. His gifts were made in secret, and oftenest to those 
 whom he termed “ the devil’s poor ” — the vagabonds and 
 estrays of social life. Many citizens of Cincinnati cannot 
 fail to remember the winter when he gave hundreds of men 
 work in his stone quarries on the Ohio river, above the 
 city; or, indeed, of his donating, each week, a sack of meal 
 to a large number of equally poor women. It was no de- 
 light or virtue to him to help those who could possibly 
 receive sympathy or aid from others. He had also a .sys.. 
 tern, which he studiously carried out, of selling his land to 
 poor tenants on long time, thus enabling them to pay for it 
 gradually, often deeding to widows of tenants half of the 
 property leased by their husbands : in this way favoring 
 poor men in securing homes for themselves. He was a 
 benefactor to poor authors and poets, the liberal patron of 
 art and the friend of Hiram Powers. He was a life-long 
 Whig, but held no identity with any political party, and 
 was certainly no politician. He had as little care and 
 respect for politicians as for preachers, being a determined, 
 but a silent, opponent of the latter. Nevertheless, he was 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 t4 
 
 a man of high moral rectitude and a firm believer in the 
 Christian religion ; and he attended the ministrations ol 
 Rev. Dr. Wilson until the death of that eccentric Presby- 
 terian clergyman. P'or some time Mr. Longworth was 
 President of the “ Pioneer Association of Cincinnati.” A 
 very honorable action was taken by that body on the oc- 
 casion of his death ; as was also the case in the meeting of 
 the Cincinnati bar. lie died in that city, February loth, 
 1863. 
 
 TORRS, REV. CHARLES B., first President of 
 the Western Reserve College, was born at I.ong 
 Meadow, Massachusetts, in May, 1794. He was 
 a son of Rev. Richard S. Storrs. He was edu- 
 cated at Princeton, and studied theology at 
 Andover. After completing his studies he jour- 
 neyed South for the benefit of his health, and also to 
 preach the gospel to the people of that section. In 1822 
 he took up his residence at Ravenna, Ohio. He remained 
 here as a minister of the gospel until the spring of 1828. 
 At this time he was elected Professor of Christian Theol- 
 ogy m the Western Reserve College, and entered upon 
 his duties in the December following. The institution 
 was then in its infancy. Not more than a score of pupils 
 were gathered there, and everything had to be done in 
 the direction of organiz.ation. To this task he devoted all 
 his energies, and his ability, industry and rare judgment 
 enabled him to accomplish it most successfully. As a 
 mark of appreciation of these preliminary labors he was, 
 two years subseciuently, in 1830, unanimously elected 
 President of the college. Under his careful management 
 and the sekction of capable professors the institution 
 gained rapidly in public estimation, and increased from 
 a mere handful to nearly one hundred scholars. But for 
 many years he had been suffering from impaired health, 
 and in the summer of 1833 he left the institution to 
 travel for its benefit. He died, September 15th following, 
 at his brother’s house in Braintree, Massachusetts. His 
 loss was deeply felt, for he exerted a powerful influence in 
 the community in which he labored. 
 
 IMPKINSON, JOHN, Wholesale Shoe Merchant, 
 was born October 9th, 1812, in Belper, Derby- 
 shire, England, and was one of a family of nine- 
 teen children. His parents were poor, and he, 
 with the rest, was compelled at an early age to 
 exert himself for the maintenance of this large 
 liousehold. His first labors were in a cotton factory, at 
 which, when but nine years old, he was called upon to 
 work from six A. M. until seven r. M. each week day. By 
 
 promptness and industry he advanced beyond his fellows, 
 and succeeded in obtaining much better wages. He left 
 the factory to become a letter carrier, a position not so ex- 
 acting on the physical powers as the other, and held it for 
 five years. While thus engaged he determined to emigrate 
 to America, and set sail for it July 6th, 1828, arriving at 
 New York. Thence he proceeded to Pittsburgh, where he 
 learned the trade of shoemaking, and worked at it until his 
 twenty-first year. In this year he married and started in 
 business upon his sole account in Allegheny City. Soon 
 after, however, he removed to Cincinnati, and after some 
 unfortunate vicissitudes was employed as salesman by John 
 Westcott, shoe dealer, and soon secured the superinten- 
 dency of one of that gentleman’s five stores. In 1840 he 
 bought out the establishment of William Hart, associating 
 with himself in this enterprise John Gates, with whom he 
 maintained a partnership for two and a half years, when he 
 purchased Mr. Gates’ interest and became sole owner of the 
 store and its stock. Here he continued for ten years, his 
 wife being his principal saleswoman, and at the expiration 
 of this period purchased and removed to a larger and much 
 finer establishment at Pearl and Main streets. West End, 
 where he soon secured a very large wholesale shoe trade. 
 Here he passed another period of ten years, and at its close 
 again removed to a still more eligible situation, and where 
 fresh prosperity met him. He admitted to partnerships his 
 son and brother, and this firm during the civil war trans- 
 acted business to the amount of nearly two millions a year. 
 The house has now a large company of travelling salesmen, 
 and its yearly operations now will aggregate $ 600,000 in 
 value. The germ of Mr. Simpkinson’s success is to be 
 found in the economy, attention, and industrious persever- 
 ance with which from the outset he conducted his business, 
 his main ambition always being to preserve and increase a 
 sound and honorable credit. Although frequently pressed 
 for public service he has uniformly declined office. He is, 
 however, a gentleman of great public spirit, and is active in 
 promoting the commercial welfare of the city. He has 
 been for seventeen years President of Wesleyan Cemetery, 
 and is the President of. the Society for the Prevention of 
 Cruelty to Animals. Also President of the Boot and Shoe 
 Association since its commencement, President of the Wal- 
 nut Hills & Cincinnati Street Railroad since its organiza- 
 tion, and is Vice-President of the Cincinnati Exposition. 
 Also Vice-President of the Zoological Society, is Treasurer 
 of the Board of Trade, is enrolled in the membership of the 
 City Temperance I.eague, and President of a Smoke Con- 
 sumer and Fuel Saving Society, and is an ex-member of 
 the Board of Health and of the Board of Trustees of the 
 Cincinnati Water Works. He is a Methodist, and is influ- 
 ential as a churchman. Having acquired a very large 
 fortune, he some time ago retired from the cares of an 
 active business life ; but at the earnest solicitation of his 
 copartners he again entered upon its pursuit, and in applica- 
 tion and energy sets a notable example. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 15 
 
 jUINN, JOHN JAMES, M. D., was born, June 
 5th, 1S26, in Philadelphia, his parents being 
 natives of the north of Ireland. At an early age 
 he came with them to Cincinnati, and soon after 
 entered St. Xavier’s College, where he gradu- 
 ated with honor. After the completion of his 
 collegiate course he commenced the study of medicine 
 under the private preceptorship of the late Dr. I. P. Har- 
 rison, Professor of Materia Medica in the Medical College 
 of Ohio. He attended regular courses for four years, ful- 
 fdled all the requirements of the Ohio Medical College in 
 Cincinnati, and took his degree of M. D. at the age of 
 twenty-two years. While studying in the office of Professor 
 Harrison and attending medical lectures, he filled for two 
 years and a half the chair of Chemistry and Natural Phil- 
 osophy in St. Xavier’s College. He has occupied the 
 offices of City Physician, Jail Physician, Pest House Physi- 
 cian, Medical Superintendent of the Hamilton County 
 Lunatic Asylum, and has been a member of the medical 
 staff of both St. John’s and St. Mary’s Hospitals. Pie has 
 enjoyed a very large and remunerative private practice, 
 during the leisure moments of which he has written a 
 number of articles on medical and literary topics for 
 various journals throughout the country. He has always 
 been prominent in the deliberations of the local medical 
 societies. At a meeting of the regular medical profession, 
 held at Mechanics’ Institute, in 1853, he was appointed as 
 one of the committee to look into the condition of the 
 lunatics then in the old Commercial Hospital. His report, 
 as chairman of this committee, led to the immediate estab- 
 lishment of a temporary county asylum at Lick Run, and 
 subsequently to the erection of the permanent institution at 
 Long View. He was for eight years one of the trustees of 
 the Cincinnati Hospital ; was also one of the commissioners 
 selected to build the new hospital, and acted as the Secre- 
 tary of the latter Board and as a member of its Building 
 Committee. The records of this institution place him very 
 high in the estimation of his associates. Twice was he 
 commissioned by the county and city authorities to visit the 
 humanitarian institutions of the Eastern States, to examine 
 and report upon their sanitary advantages, with a view to 
 their incorporation in the plans of Long View and the Cin- 
 cinnati Hospital. In 1866, when the city was threatened 
 with cholera, and no sanitary board or health officer was in 
 existence to devise methods of protection, the trustees of 
 the hospital, one of whom was Dr. Quinn, together with a 
 Committee of the City Council, were constituted a Board 
 of Health for the time. No physician exerted himself with 
 greater zeal than he to prepare the city for the coming 
 scourge and to mitigate its ravages. In the following year, 
 by act of the Legislature, a permanent health department 
 was established in that city, and the position of Health 
 Officer created. Dr. Quinn became its second incumbent, 
 and has recently been elected to his third term of .service. 
 He has perfected the department, and in all its essentials it 
 
 compares most favorably with that of any other large city. 
 In 1852 he was married to M. L. Slevin, of Cincinnati. 
 He is in the prime of life, possesses an active temperament, 
 and continues his researches in medical science. 
 
 ERRON, JOHN WILLIAMSON, Lawyer, was 
 born of Scotch-Irish lineage, on May loth, 1827, 
 in Franklin county, Pennsylvania. In 1841, 
 when fourteen years of age, he removed to 
 Cbillicothe, Ohio, and resided there in the family 
 of his uncle. Dr. David Wills. From this period 
 until eighteen years of age he was a student at the academy 
 in Chillicothe, under the charge of William D. Wesson. 
 In September, 1843, entered the junior class of Miami 
 University, and there gradu.ated in 1845. From this date 
 until May, 1848, he studied law with Thurmair & Sherer, 
 at Chillicothe, when he was admitted' to the bar by the 
 Supreme Court of Ohio, at Cincinnati. In the succeeding 
 July he settled in Cincinnati, where he now resides, and 
 has ever since continued there the practice of his profes- 
 sion. The first two years he was alone; from 1850 to 
 January 1st, 1854, was in partnership with Rufus King and 
 Charles Anderson, under the firm-name of King, Anderson 
 & Herron. From 1854 to the present time he has been a 
 partner with J. C. Collins. On the 7th of March, 1854, he 
 was married to Harriet A. Collins, of Lowville, New York, 
 a sister of his partner. Mr. Herron has been a member 
 of the Board of Education of Cincinnati four years, and 
 was a member of the Constitutional Convention of Ohio of 
 1873-74, in which body he was a member of the Com- 
 mittees on the Judiciary Department, Private Corporations 
 and of Revisions. 
 
 iTVh 
 
 INSMAN, JUDGE JOHN, a Soldier of the War 
 for Independence, was born. May 7th, 1753, in 
 New London county, Connecticut, and was a 
 son of Jeremiah and Sarah (Thomas) Kinsman. 
 The family is of English extraction, Robeit 
 Kinsman, the founder of the American branch, 
 having emigrated from Wiltshire, in 1634, and settled in 
 Ipswich, Massachusetts. Mrs. Kinsman, the mother of 
 Judge Kinsman, was a sister of General Thomas, a com- 
 manding officer in the Revolutionary army. On the out- 
 break of that memorable contest between America and 
 Great Britain, Judge Kinsman entered the colonial army 
 as Ensign. He was present and participated in the battle 
 of Long Island, where he was captured, and for a while 
 thereafter was confined in the notorious prison ships in 
 New York bay. Afterw’ards he succeeded in obtaining the 
 liberty of the city, on jrarole, W'here he learned something 
 of the hatting business, and after being exchanged engaged 
 
i6 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 in the manufacture of hats in Lisbon, also carrying on a 
 large farm. In 1797 he was elected a member of the 
 Connecticut Legislature, and was twice subsequently re- 
 elected. In 1799 he went to Ohio to explore the lands of 
 the Western Reserve, in which he had purchased a large 
 interest; in 1804 he removed his family to that country and 
 settled on the tract of sixteen thousand acres he had ac- 
 quired, which now forms Kinsman township. He was a 
 Justice of the Peace under the territorial government, and 
 took a prominent part in the organization of Trumbull 
 county. lie was one of the projectors of the first bank of 
 northern Ohio, formerly known as the Western Reserve 
 B.rnk, now the First National Bank of Warren. It was 
 organized with a capital of $100,000, of which he sub- 
 scribed for one-fifth part. He married Rebecca, daughter 
 of Simon Perkins, of New London county, Connecticut 
 (and sister of General .Simon Perkins, of Warren, Ohio), 
 with whom he had a family of five children. lie died 
 August 17th, 1813. His widow survived him many years; 
 she died May 27th, 1854. 
 
 • ACNEALE, NEIL, Safe Manufacturer, was born, 
 June 15th, 1826, in Rostrevor, county Down, 
 Ireland. His father was Major John Donald 
 Macneale, 17th Lancers, British army, who 
 served with distinction for twenty years in the 
 East Indies. He passed his early life in Eng- 
 land, where he was educated with a view to his following 
 the profession of a civil engineer. He then served four 
 years with his cousin. Sir John Macneale, the celebrated 
 engineer-in-chief who Iniilt the earliest railroad in Ireland, 
 that from Dublin to Drogheda. In 1S49, when twenty-' 
 three years of age, he came to America, and in order to 
 make a beginning accepted a position on the Little Miami 
 Railroad, as rodman, at twenty dollars per month and “not 
 found;” in a few days he rose to a higher place, at fifty 
 dollars per month, and ere the first month closed to one 
 more important and remunerative. The next year he was 
 appointed Chief Engineer of the Iron Railroad, at $2500 
 per annum, and thus became identified with the early 
 history of Ironton, Ohio. While there, in the summer of 
 1851, he married .Sar.ah Ann, daughter of John Longhry, 
 of Rockville, by whom he has a son and a daughter. 
 From 1851 to 1853 he was Engineer-in-Chief of the Mays- 
 ville & Lexington Railroad, Kentucky; and from 1853 to 
 1857 of that of the Nashville & Northwestern Railroad, 
 which he located from Nashville to Hickman, Kentucky. 
 The commercial panic of 1857 for a season depre.ssed rail- 
 road construction: so in 1859 he formed a partnership with 
 W. B. Dodds, in Cincinnati, for the manufacture of mer- 
 chants’ and bankers’ safes. He is now a partner in a suc- 
 cessive firm, that of Macneale & Urban, formed in 1868: 
 office, corner of Pearl and Plum streets, Cincinnati. They 
 
 employ about three hundred men, and the establishment is 
 one of the three largest in the Union. Mr. Macneale has been 
 Vice-President of the Board of Trade of Cincinnati since its 
 foundation, in 1868. He has taken a prominent part in 
 the investigation and improvement of the facilities for the 
 transportation of freight to and from Cincinnati ; especially 
 that of coal by railway, believing that with a continuous 
 cheap supply of this material it would become one of the 
 largest manufacturing cities on the globe. 
 
 OGERS, WILLIAM G., Shoe Manufacturer, was 
 born, November 25th, 1825, in Harrison county, 
 Ohio. His early youth was spent in his father’s 
 mill. When sixteen years of age he left his 
 home to learn the shoe trade, working chiefly as 
 an apprentice until his nineteenth year. In the 
 spring of 1846 he arrived in Cincinnati from Pittsburgh, 
 and expended his last penny for a breakfast. With poverty 
 staring at him, he started at once upon a zealous search for 
 work, and before noon found employment at Chapin’s shoe 
 factory, and remained one year, during which he had 
 stored by $500. With this small capital he removed to the 
 west end of the city, and at 190 Hopkins street commenced 
 the manufacture of women’s shoes. By careful attention 
 to his business he found its growth very rapid and veiy 
 profitable, and the necessity for a change to larger quarters 
 became urgent. He then gave employment to 150 hands. 
 He moved to Central avenue, near George street, and 
 erected there a fine establishment, which in 1853 was 
 burned. He promptly fitted up a new place, and remained 
 on Central avenue until 1855, when he migrated to Pearl 
 street. In 1848 he began the wholesale manufacture of 
 ladies’ shoes. Ruffun & Hawkes had been for some time 
 in this line of business, but were bought out by Mr. 
 Rogers, who purchased all their stock and fixtures in 1849. 
 He is now the oldest wholesale manufacturer of ladies’ 
 shoes in Cincinnati. In 1868 he became associated with 
 Herne, Lee & Pinkard, and in 1869, upder the firm-name 
 of W. G. Rogers & Co., contracted with the Trustees of 
 the Workhouse to work seventy-five of the inmates of that 
 institution in the production of shoes. Manufacturers pre- 
 dicted this as a ruinous enterprise, but the experiment 
 became so successful under the careful supervision of Mr. 
 Rogers that the company put in a bid for a contract to 
 cover five years, and for the employment of double the 
 number of hands at an advance on previous wages. They 
 were outbid by Miles Greenwood, and the shoe factory at 
 the Workhouse ceased to exist. Mr. Rogers became sole 
 proprietor of his company’s large establi.shment. No. 121 
 West Pearl street, Cincinnati, and has since associated with 
 himself his son, W. C. Rogers, an experienced and thorough 
 business man. His factory has now the capacity for turn- 
 ing out four hundred pairs each day, and is stocked with 
 
1 
 

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 V 
 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPHiDIA. 
 
 7 
 
 the finest machinery and enjoys rare prosperity. Notwith- 
 standing his losses by fire and. the crisis of 1857, he has 
 amassed a comfortable fortune. He is still in the prime 
 of life, and is constantly extending the boundaries of a 
 flourishing trade. He was married in 1847 to Ellen Mc- 
 Kiernan, and in 1868 was married to Martha L. Bausar 
 
 HNG, JOHN, M. D., was born in New York city, 
 his father being of German origin. His mother 
 was the daughter of the Marquis La Porte, who 
 came to the colonies with the Marquis Lafayette 
 to aid them in their struggle for independence. 
 His parents gave him a very liberal education, 
 but intended him for a mercantile career. This did not 
 suit his inclination, and he devoted a few of his earlier 
 years to bank-note engraving, but this occupation injured 
 his health, and failed in other respects to satisfy him. He 
 then entered upon the study of medicine, for which he had 
 always entertained a strong predilection. A few years 
 after his graduation he travelled extensively over the 
 country, for the purpose of investigating the character of 
 the diseases of its different sections, as well as to determine 
 the correctness of some favorite hypotheses concerning 
 these diseases and their treatment, many of which have 
 subsequently been presented to the medical public from 
 time to time in his various writings. At a very early period 
 of his medical life he embraced what is now termed 
 “ Eclecticism,” and has ever since been one of its most 
 staunch adherents and supporters. \Yhile practising his 
 profession he bestowed considerable attention upon various 
 scientific matters, besides delivering many public lectures 
 upon medicine, hygiene, etc. In 1835 he delivered a 
 course of lectures to crowded audiences at the Mechanics’ 
 Institute, in the City Hall of New York, upon magnetism 
 and its relations to the earth, to geology, to astronomy and 
 to physiology, which were received with great enthusiasm. 
 A similar success followed a subsequent delivery of these 
 lectures before the New Bedford, Massachusetts, Lyceum. 
 Many novel ideas were advanced and well sustained 
 these lectures, some of which were entirely in opposition to 
 the general views of scientists, especially with reference to 
 the source of heat and light, planetary movements, origin 
 of comets, the age and final destruction of the earth, etc., 
 and which he still maintains to be correct. In 1846 he 
 was induced to move West, where he finally located 
 Cincinnati. In 1849 he was called from that city to occupy 
 the chair of Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Medical 
 Jurisprudence in the Memphis University, Tennessee, 
 which position he held until 1851, when he accepted the 
 Professorship of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and 
 Children in the Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati, 
 which chair he still occupies. In 1844, after having used 
 the article for several years previously, he introduced to the 
 3 
 
 profession for the first time the resin of podophyllum as a 
 remedial agent, and subsequently the resin of black cohosh, 
 and several other new medicinal preparations that are at 
 this time in high favor with all schools of medicine. 
 Among the several instruments invented by him may be 
 named a very simple and correct pelvimeter ; a powder- 
 spray instrument, by means of which a most delicate or 
 profuse stream of finely powdered articles may be thrown 
 upon any part of the body ; also a double catheter, for the 
 purpose of applying fluid preparations to any portion of the 
 urethral canal, and of any length, without involving the 
 whole membrane lining this passage. In addition to his 
 voluminous writings upon medical and other subjects, that 
 have from time to time appeared in various journals and 
 papers, the following works are also from his pen : “ The 
 American Dispensatory” (1853), which has passed through 
 eight editions; “American Obstetrics” {1855), of which 
 three editions have been issued ; “ Women : Their Diseases 
 and their Treatment ” (1858); “The Microscopist’s Com- 
 panion ” (1859); “The American Family Physician” 
 (i860); and in 1866 he published his celebrated work on 
 “ Chronic Diseases.” He has for several years attended to 
 office practice only in Cincinnati, his residence being at 
 North Bend. He is a member of the Ohio State Eclectic 
 Medical Society, also of the National Eclectic Medical 
 Association, and has filled several honorable positions in 
 civil life. 
 
 TIFEL, ADAM, Merchant, was born, September 
 5th, 1809, in Neuffen, Wurtemberg, Germany, 
 and was the tenth of seventeen children, whose 
 parents were John A. Stifel and Susanna Schew. 
 His father followed through life the occupation 
 of a tanner, and died, September l8th, 1847, in 
 Neuffen, having reached the venerable age of eighty-two 
 years. His mother died in the year following, on a steam- 
 boat plying on the Mississippi, being then on her way from 
 Germany to see her son in Cincinnati. In his sixteenth 
 year Adam began active life as a cabinetmaker near Wur- 
 temberg, and pursued this trade industriously for a long 
 period. In 1836 he emigrated to America, landing at New 
 York on his birthday. He remained in that city for two 
 years, working at his trade, and then went to St. Joseph, 
 Florida, and thence in a few days to Columbus, Georgia, 
 where he pursued his calling for eight months. The spirit 
 of migration seizing him again, he travelled to Phila- 
 delphia, west again to Wheeling, Virginia, and then, having 
 spent a short time in both these cities, he moved to Cin- 
 cinnati, arriving there in 1839. After working five monihs 
 here in the manufacture of organs, he went south to New 
 Orleans, where he failed to secure immediate employment 
 at his trade, and commenced to deal in eggs, keeping this 
 business with profit for six months. He now returned to 
 Cincinnati, and spent another half year at carpentering. 
 
i8 
 
 lilOGRAl'IlICAL ENCVCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 and then returned to New Orleans, and for six months at a j 
 time lived alternately in these two cities for six years, work- 
 ing as a mechanic in one and merchandising in the other. 
 Since 1845 he has lived, with the exception of a short | 
 period, in or near Cincinnati. This exception was during 
 1850, when the glowing accounts from that Eldorado led 
 him with thousands of others to California. His route to 
 the Pacific coast was by the way of the Ohio and Missis- ' 
 sippi, across the Gulf of Mexico and the isthmus, and 
 thence by boat via the Sandwich Islands. His search was 
 unsuccessful, and he soon returned. Since 1852 his busi- 
 ness in Cincinnati has been mainly that of a manufacturer 
 and dealer in liquors, and this pursuit he conducted with 
 great energy and success. In iS 65 he retired with an 
 ample fortune, and has since resided in an elegant mansion 
 in the Twenty-fifth Ward of Cincinnati. He has been 
 married twice: on the 27th of October, 1841, to Christina 
 Wilhelmina Haller, a native of Germany, by whom he had 
 three children, and who died June 8th, 1846; and to | 
 Augusta Louisa Stark, a native of Germany, on the i6th | 
 of January, 1848, by whom he had twelve children, and j 
 who still lives in the enjoyment of good health. He ac- 
 knowledges allegiance to no political party, and invariably 
 supports that man for office, high or low, who merits it 
 most. He is a member of the Lutheran Church. His 
 whole life is a chapter of unexampled activity and industry. 
 His undismayed perseverance has triumphed over great 
 obstacles and won for him at last a fortune which he enjoys 
 in his declining years. He at one time worked with 
 Matthias Schwab, the celebrated organ builder, a sketch 
 of whose life will be found in this volume, and during 
 one of his many eventful years had under cultivation 
 a fine vineyard of ten acres. 
 
 « CUr)DER, JOHN M., Physician, Lecturer on 
 Medicine, Author and Editor, was born in Ham- 
 ilton county, Ohio, September 8th, 1829. loosing 
 his father at an early age he was thrown upon 
 his own resources for sustenance and education, 
 so that the business of his life was not actively 
 commenced until he had reached the age of twenty-six. 
 He was educated at Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, and 
 received his professional instruction at the Eclectic Medical 
 Institute of Cincinnati, being appointed to a professorship 
 in the latter in the year following his graduation, which 
 occurred in 1856. Since then he has held a prominent 
 place as a teacher, having filled the chairs of Anatomy, 
 Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, of Pathology and Prac- 
 tice of Medicine. As an author he has been extremely 
 successful, having published the following works: “A Prac- 
 tical Treatise on Diseases of Women” (1858); “Materia 
 Medica and Therapeutics ” (i860); “The Eclectic Practice 
 
 of Medicine ”( 1864) ; “ On the Use of Inhalation” (1865); 
 “Domestic Medicine” (1866); “The Principles of Medi- 
 cine” (1867); “Diseases of Children” (1869); “Specific 
 Medication” (1871.); “On the Reproductive Organs and 
 the Venereal” {1874); “Specific Diagnosis” (1874). In 
 addition to this large amount of literary work he has edited 
 and published The Eclectic Medical yournal since 1862. 
 He has by his unexampled industry accumulated quite a 
 large fortune, and is through it enabled now to retire from 
 the more arduous duties of his exacting profession. He 
 owns the Eclectic Medical College of Cincinnati, and is its 
 manager as well as one of its lecturers. He has raised this 
 institution to high position among the scientific schools of 
 the country, and its large and steadily increasing alumni, 
 scattered throughout the land, carry in the thoroughness of 
 their practice the best commendation of its unexcelled ex- 
 cellence. P'ew writers have accomplished so much in the 
 dissemination of medical lore as Dr. Scudder. His works 
 are regarded as authorities, and have attained a very large 
 sale. He is a member of most of the eclectic societies of 
 the United States, and is still ceaselessly active in the study 
 of the constantly developing science of medicine. 
 
 UMNER, WILLIAM, Capitalist, President and 
 Director, was born in Tolland, Tolland county, 
 Connecticut, April 3d, 1826, and is the son of 
 William A. and Anna Washburn Sumner. His 
 lineage is Plnglish. His great-great-grandfather. 
 Dr. William Sumner, was born in Boston, Mas- 
 sachusetts, settled in Hebron, Tolland county, Connecticut, 
 in 1725, and was the grandson of William Sumner, who 
 came from England in 1636. William A. Sumner, the 
 father of the subject of this sketch, was a farmer, honored 
 and highly esteemed by all who knew him. He was of a 
 family of ten children, all of whom lived to old age, the 
 youngest being fifty-seven years of age at the time of her 
 death. The William Sumner whose biography we here 
 present w'as the fifth child in a family of nine children, all 
 of whom attained their majority, and all, save one, are now 
 living. His opportunities for acquiring an education w'ere 
 confined entirely to the district school near his father’s 
 farm, with the exception of a few' months in a select school 
 in his native county. At the age of nineteen he began to 
 teach a common school, and during the winter months 
 continued in that occupation for four years. At the age 
 of twenty-one he began business for himself, but w'as soon 
 obliged fo relinquish it on account of ill health. He then 
 entered the office of Hon. Z. A. Storrs, of Tolland, Con- 
 necticut, and read law. Soon after his admission to the 
 bar he was appointed to the office of Clerk of the Circuit 
 Court, which position he continued to occupy and at the 
 same time to practise his profession until the autumn of 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 ‘9 
 
 1855. In the following winter, feeling a desire for a larger 
 field of operations, he bade adieu to his loved home and 
 visited the States of Wisconsin and Illinois. He remained 
 in the Northwest until the autumn of 1857, .spending a 
 large portion of his time in Chicago. Business in that 
 section proving neither pleasant nor profitable, and his 
 health requiring a more active occupation, he went to 
 Louisville, Kentucky, and at once entered into business 
 with his brother, Augustus Sumner, who was the real 
 pioneer in the West of the sewing machine business. In 
 the spring of 1858 William Sumner and John R. Wright 
 bought out the interest of Augustus Sumner, and became 
 agents for the Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machine Com- 
 pany for the States of Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky, with 
 head-quarters in Cincinnati. They began business under 
 the firm-name of William Sumner & Co., which name was 
 retained to the end of their copartnership. In i860 the 
 business thus auspiciously commenced was e.xtended by 
 purchase into W^estern Virginia and Pennsylvania, and Mr. 
 Sumner removed to Pittsburgh, where he remained more 
 than a year, and then, in 1862, settled permanently in Cin- 
 cinnati. Perhaps in no one thing has Mr. Sumner shown 
 his great executive ability more than in originating and re- 
 ducing to practice the system of selling sewing machines 
 from wagons, and thus delivering them to the purchaser at 
 his own residence. This plan proved so very successful 
 that it was adopted by most of the other sewing machine 
 companies, and was the means of increasing the business 
 to millions of dollars per year. The firm of William 
 Sumner & Co. had more than five hundred men, a like 
 number of wagons, and a larger number of horses and 
 harnesses employed in thus selling and delivering sewing 
 machines. The plan of reporting every Saturday night 
 through the sub-offices to the principal office in Cincinnati, 
 when put into practice, with William Sumner & Co.’s 
 other plan of selling machines, was so nearly perfect that, 
 notwithstanding the large number of men and equipments 
 which were scattered all over the five States above re- 
 ferred to and the millions of dollars which passed through 
 so many hands, the loss was comparatively very small. 
 Mr. Sumner retained the supervision of this great business 
 until January 1st, 1873, although his direct interest ceased 
 one year earlier. He is now President of the Strobridge 
 Lithographic Company, director of the Amizon Fire 
 Insurance Company and of the Cincinnati Savings Society, 
 and one of the twenty-five members of the Committee 
 of Safety of Cincinnati. From his youth he has spent 
 more time in making money for others than for himself. 
 The Young Men’s Christian A.ssociation, Children’s Home, 
 Union Bethel, missionary associations, and the poor, 
 “ which he has always with him,” are objects of his 
 beneficence. His residence on Walnut Hills, one of the 
 charming suburbs of the city, is noted for its architectural 
 beauty. Oh December loth, 1857, he was married to 
 Juliaette C. Bishop, of Tolland, Connecticut. Three 
 
 children have been born of that union, of which only 
 one, a daughter, is now living. 
 
 ACE, JOHN S., Farmer and Stock Drover, was 
 born. May 17th, 1827, four miles north of Chilli- 
 cothe, in Ross county, Ohio. He is the youngest 
 of four children, whose parents were the late 
 John and Nancy (Dunlap) Mace. The former 
 was a native of Virginia and a farmer by occu- 
 pation. He was one of the pioneer settlers of Ohio, having 
 as far back as 1798 located at a spot in Ro.ss county where 
 he resided until his death, October 3d, 1857. During the 
 war of 1812 he was a soldier in the regiment commanded 
 by Colonel James Dunlap, and finally married his daughter; 
 she was a native of Kentucky. She died, July 27th, 1827, 
 leaving her youngest child, John S., an infant of ten weeks 
 old. He was reared on the farm, and has followed his 
 father’s calling. His education was only that obtained in 
 the common schools of the district. In addition to his avo- 
 cation as a farmer he has devoted considerable attention to 
 stock raising. Politically, he is a Democrat, and in 1868 
 was elected High Sheriff of Ross county, holding that office 
 until 1872, when he was succeeded by his half brother, 
 Felix B. Mace. Isaac Mace, an uncle of John S. Mace, 
 and a successful farmer, who died on July 3d, 1875, was 
 born in what is now Ross county (then a Territory), on 
 October 12th, 1798. He is said to have been the first 
 white male child born in Ross county. 
 
 ARVIN, SYLVESTER IL, Advertising Agent, 
 was born at Bridgeton, New Jer.sey, June 23d, 
 1815, and is the son of Holmes Parvin (a Meth- 
 odist minister) and Elizabeth Dare. In 1837 he 
 came to Cincinnati, and finished his education at 
 Old Woodward. On March 27th, 1851, he es- 
 tablished an advertising agency at Cincinnati. It was the 
 first agency of the kind ever undertaken west of the Alle- 
 jnenies. Advertising was then in its infancy, and it was 
 only by uniting with it other sources of support that he 
 could at first maintain himself. The largest merchants 
 then rarely exceeded an expenditure for advertising of 
 over ^200 or ^300; now $30,000 and $40,000 are paid 
 by some establishments, the business having attained large 
 proportions. Mr. Parvin still continues in this business, 
 assisted by his son, George S. Parvin, at 168 Vine street, 
 Cincinnati. He is one of the three founders, and the largest 
 proprietor, of Norwood, one of the suburbs of Cincinnati, 
 on the line of the Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad, a place 
 that is destined to become noted from the extraordinary 
 beauty of its location. It is on a high elevation, and on the 
 summit is a curiosity, a large Indian mound, with a noble 
 outlook upon a picturesque country. 
 
20 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 RUDEN, IION. ANDREW J., Lawyer, was born, 
 January 19th, iSiS, in Cincinnati, and was tlie 
 fifth of seven children, whose parents were Ehe- 
 iiczer and Mary Pruden, the maiden name of the 
 latter having been Leonard. Both the latter were 
 natives of Morristown, New Jersey, and went to 
 reside in Cincinnati in iSoS. In those early times there 
 were no rapid modes of transit, and they only reached the 
 city of their subsequent residence by lumbering coach and 
 slow flat-boat. Ebenezer Pruden followed through life the 
 occupation of a brick-mason, and became a master mechanic 
 of no inconsiderable reputation. Some of the finest private 
 and public buildings in Cincinnati are adorned by the speci- 
 mens of his skill and ingenuity. He died in 1863, at the 
 age of eighty-seven years, just two years after the decease 
 of his partner, who had reached the age of eighty-one. The 
 education of Andrew was obtained in the common schools 
 of Cincinnati, and by assiduity he made rapid progress in 
 his studies. In 1835 he commenced work on a farm in 
 Warren county, Ohio, owned by his father, and spent two 
 years upon it. Returning to Cincinnati he entered Wood- 
 ward College, and pursued the various studies in its curric- 
 ulum for two years, and then commenced to read law with 
 David Van Matre, for the practice of which he had a long- 
 ing ambition. This new field of scientific thought occupied 
 his attention closely, and when in December, 1S41, two 
 years after his commencement of the study, he was admitted 
 to the bar, he was in the possession of a much profounder 
 knowledge of its theory than that which has been won by 
 students of longer years. He commenced practice imme- 
 diately upon his admission, and with but little intermission 
 this has claimed his sole attention and ability ever since. 
 In 1846 he was elected member of the Cincinnati City 
 Councils, and was four times successively re-elected, going 
 out with the close of the year 1849. October of this year 
 he was by his constituents sent to the .State Legislature, and 
 in this capacity rendered conspicuous service in the interests 
 of the city and commonwealth. In the fall of 1850 he was 
 chosen Prosecuting Attorney of Hamilton county, Ohio, and 
 by a re-election in 1852 served in this office until January, 
 1855, during which time he succeeded in making for him- 
 self as fine a record as any man that had ever held that posi- 
 tion, and went out of office very popular. In the fall of 
 1854 the Know-Nothing party had carried the city of Cin- 
 cinnati, Ohio, by a majority of over 5000 votes, when the 
 Democratic party had small hopes of success, but thought 
 if they could get their late Prosecuting Attorney to accept 
 the nomination that his name w'ould be a tower of strength 
 to them, and he might be elected ; therefore he was nomi- 
 nated to the office of Police Judge of the City of Cincinnati, 
 together with James J. Farren for Mayor, and they were 
 accordingly elected by a handsome majority. His fine judi- 
 cial record on this bench secured his re-election in 1857, 
 and in this capacity he completed his labors in 1859. From 
 his retirement from the bench until November, i860, he w'as 
 
 prominently identified in labors connected with the con- 
 struction of the Atlantic & Great Western Railroad, and 
 upon the completion of this service resumed his practice, 
 wdiich has since e.\clusively confined his attention. He was 
 married, August 19th, 1S41, to Mary A. Powell, by whom 
 he is the father of si.x children. His life has been one of 
 great mental and physical activity. His record for acute 
 analyzation and cogent reasoning is scarcely surpassed by 
 that of any other jurist. He has been from an early age a 
 member of the Presbyterian Church, and, like his father, 
 has adhered to the principles of sterling Democracy. As a 
 City Councilman he was chiefly instrumental in securing 
 the much-needed change from the soft limestone to the 
 present boulder system of grading the streets of Cincinnati. 
 To his labors in no small degree is due the erection of the 
 House of Refuge, the Hamilton County Infirmary, and 
 numerous other public institutions. He is a man of exten- 
 sive social and political influence, and is highly esteemed by 
 his fellow-citizens. 
 
 LLEN, WILLIAM IL, lately a Wholesale Jeweler, 
 W'as born in Douglas, Massachusetts, November 
 loth, 1813, and is of English extraction. When 
 Init three years of age his parents removed to 
 Providence, and in the common schools of Rhode 
 Island he received his education. He first served 
 a regular apprenticeship in learning to manufacture high- 
 back combs for ladies. In 1833 the fashion w’as changed, 
 so that such combs were generally discarded, and, conse- 
 quently, the manufacturing establishments of such ornaments 
 were ruined, and Mr. Allen found the trade he had been so 
 long in acquiring was of no value W'hatever. In 1835, being 
 a young man, he resolved to go West; and at once started 
 on his long, and at that time tedious, journey. When he 
 had reached Cleveland he found that he had exhausted his 
 funds, but with the exercise of his “ Yankee w'it ” succeeded 
 in reaching Cincinnati, Ohio, w’here he became permanently 
 located. In 1836 he joined his elder brother, Caleb, in 
 manufacturing silverware — this being the first manufacturing 
 establishment of the kind in the West. By their great in- 
 dustry, punctuality and devotion to their work, their busi- 
 ness rapidly increased, and they became in a very short time 
 wholesale manufacturers and dealers in silver jewelry. This 
 business, w'hich opened so auspiciously, was guarded by the 
 zeal and honesty peculiar to the best religious people of 
 New England ; and although these two brothers continued 
 in their wholesale business until 1872 — thirty-six years — 
 they never in all that time had a note, check or draft pro- 
 tested. No purer or more conscientious business men have 
 ever resided in the “ Queen City of the West.” Mr. Allen 
 has ever been deeply interested in all religious matters. 
 Early uniting with the Second Presbyterian Church, he was 
 elected a member of the Board of Trustees in 1865, and 
 continued to serve till 1869. On November 20th, 1C60, he 
 
BIOGRArinCAl. ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 
 
 21 
 
 VMS elected a Ruling Elder of the church, and continues to 
 hold that office. He is one of the Superintendents of the 
 Sabbath-school, which is the largest in the city. He is 
 generous especially in providing for the poor of tlie church; 
 no one in any way connected with .it can want for any of 
 the necessaries of life while he is able to relieve their wants. 
 In this he is greatly aided by his lovely and accomplished 
 wife. He is a Director of one or more insurance com- 
 panies. Mr. Allen was married, March l8th, 1841, to Maiy 
 D. Mann, of Boston, Massachusetts. They have no children. 
 
 fELISH, REV. THOMAS J., a citizen of long 
 standing of Cincinnati, and although a minister a 
 gentleman of means, invested in real estate and 
 ^ in manufacturing business, was born in Philadel- 
 >0 pliia on June 14th, 1822. His father, John 
 Melish, was an eminent citizen of Philadelphia, 
 and an author of two volumes of travels and several geo- 
 graphical and topographical works. The subject of this 
 sketch graduated at Bethany College, Virginia, in 1846, 
 and received the degree of A.M. from Bacon College, Ken- 
 tucky. After leaving college he spent one year in New 
 Vork city as a stated supply for one of the churches. In 
 1847 he removed to Cincinnati to take charge of a church, 
 where he was regularly ordained to the gospel ministry, and 
 spent nearly three years as editor of the Christian Age, a 
 paper which is still published in Cincinnati under the more 
 ambitious title of American Christian Review. In 1849 he 
 was married to the eldest daughter of William Bromwell, a 
 manufacturer of Cincinnati, who commenced busine.ss in 
 1819 and continued with success until 1866, when he retired 
 to private life*. From 1850 to 1851 Mr. Melish was in 
 Wilmington, Ohio, in charge of a congregation, and returned 
 to the “Queen City” in the autumn of 1851, when he be- 
 came a partner with his father-in-law. From that time to 
 the present he has continued a member of the firm, which 
 is engaged in the manufacture of brushes and wire goods. 
 It bears the style of The Bromwell Manufacturing Company, 
 of which Mr. Melish is the President and principal owner. 
 It is one of the oldest establishments in Cincinnati, and one 
 of the leading houses in its line in the United .States, pos- 
 sessing ample means and of the highest grade of credit. It 
 employs about one hundred hands, with sales approximating 
 one quarter of a million dollars per annum. Its elegant 
 five-.story store with cut-stone front, on Walnut street, next 
 door to the Gibson House, fonns one of the ornaments of 
 the mercantile portions of the city. Although the subject 
 of this sketch has thus been successfully engaged in mercan- 
 tile business for twenty-five years, he has never ceased to be 
 interested in the profession for which he was educated. 
 From 1864 to 1872 he edited the Cincinnati yournal and 
 Messenger, the Baptist organ for Ohio, and since then for 
 
 the last three years he has continued Corresponding Editor 
 of the Baptist Union, a paper published in New Vork city, 
 and devoted to the advocacy of Christian union from the 
 Baptist point of view. To the subject of Christian unity he 
 has been much devoted. His interest in any form of de- 
 nominationalism has been always subordinate to the highest 
 end of uniting Christians into one body. He has recently 
 been a moving spirit in a practical effort to unite Christians 
 organically. At a Union Convention, held in eastern Vir- 
 ginia, he was elected President, and requested to act as 
 general superintendent of the interests of the movement. 
 Warmly interested in the temperance reform, he has attained 
 the honor by election of Grand Worthy Patriarch of the Sons 
 of Temperance of Ohio, an office he held during the usual 
 term. He resides in Milford, a suburban village, where he 
 has a most eligible commodious and attractive home. 
 
 MITH, IIENRV A., D.D.S., Dentist, was born, 
 February 28th, 1833, at Oxford, Ohio, the seat 
 of Miami University, and generally noted for its 
 educational institutions. He enjoyed special ad- 
 vantages in study, and is a gentleman of fine liter- 
 ary culture and rare tpHniical skill. After leav- 
 ing school he spent a few years in his father’s manufactory, 
 where he gratified an inclination for the mechanic arts. 
 Desiring to travel before fixing definitely upon his vocatiod 
 for life, he left his home and visited many .points of intere^ 
 in the United States, Cuba, Central America, remaining for 
 more than a year on the Pacific coast. Upon his return to 
 Oxford he frequented the office of Dr. George W. Keeley, 
 and by accident rather than by design fell into the dentistry 
 as his pursuit for life. He attended two courses of lectures in 
 t'le Olrio Coliege of Dental Surgery, and meanwhile closely 
 pursued his studies under the mentorship of Dr. Keeley. In 
 1857 he received his degree of D.D..S., and for one year 
 after this event was associated with Dr. Keeley in Oxford. 
 In 1859 he was appointed Demonstrator of Clinical Den- 
 tistry in the college which honored him with its degree, and 
 filled this position for three years. In 1862 he was elected 
 to the chair of Professor of Chemistry and Metallurgy in the 
 same institution, and retained it for three years. In the 
 winter of 1859 he located permanently in Cincinnati, and 
 has since devoted his time and careful labors for the ad- 
 vancement of dental science. He is an active participator 
 in the work of many of the dental societies of the country. 
 He has a membership in the Board of Trustees of the Ohio 
 Dental College ; Ohio Dental College Association ; Ohio 
 State Dental .Society ; Mississippi Valley Association of Den- 
 tists; American Dental Association; and is a member of 
 the Ohio State Board of Dental Examiners. Of some of 
 these organizations he has been presiding officer. In the 
 confirmed opinion that the true mission of dental science 
 looks rather to the preservation of the natural teeth than to 
 
22 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 their replacement by artificial substitutes, and that there is 
 quite enough in the surgical, or operative, department to re- 
 ceive the undivided attention of the practitioner who wishes 
 to excel, he has labored industriously to perfect himself in 
 operative dentistry, and takes rank among the best of the 
 dav in this special department of practice. 
 
 ^RUE, BEN 7 AMIN CUMMINGS, Lawyer, was 
 born, June 8th, i8oS, in Goslien, Sullivan county. 
 New Hampshire, and was the fourth child of 
 Daniel and Polly Bartlett True. His father was 
 a house-joiner and cabinet-maker, and was a na- 
 tive of Chester, New Hampshire, surviving the 
 birth of this son only five years. Benjamin comes from 
 a family of Revolutionary renown in that State. It was said 
 of them that no male member on either the paternal or ma- 
 ternal side, of sufficient age and capable of bearing arms, 
 failed to take an active part in the historic struggle of the 
 American colonies against Great Britain. Upon the maternal 
 side were the Bartletts and Belknaps, who were prominent 
 committee-men. Congressmen, and workers in every field of 
 patriotic effort. They were distinguished in literature also, 
 and particularly as historians. The education of Benjamin 
 was of that necessarily meagre sort to be obtained by a con- 
 stantly interrupted attendance at a school located in a 
 sparsely populated section. After his sixth year his lot was 
 cast among strangers, and what he subsequently acquired 
 was the hard-won fruit of rugged toil. Until his sixteenth 
 year he was occupied on a farm, and then he removed to 
 Albany, New York, where he lived continuously for twenty- 
 two years. His main employment in that city was gun- 
 making, and for several years he had charge of the State 
 Arsenal located there. He became subsequently a die- 
 sinker, at which he was exceedingly expert, and added to 
 this trade that of engraving. In 1832 he married Mary 
 Thayer, a lineal descendant of the “ Mayflower” stock ; and 
 in 1846 he left Albany for Cincinnati, where he has ever 
 since resided. He followed die-sinking and engraving in 
 this city for some years. In i860 he was elected Magistrate, 
 and carefully employed his time in perfecting himself in the 
 study of the law. He was admitted to the bar, April 22d, 
 1 868, and in 1871 was enrolled upon the list of attorneys 
 practising in the United States Circuit and District Courts. 
 Since that time he has followed his profession, varying this 
 practice with the duties of the office of a Magistrate, which 
 he still holds. By close reading and keen observation he 
 has acquired a fair knowledge not alone of the science of 
 law but of general literature, and his many contributions to 
 the various magazines and newspapers show him to be the 
 possessor of a trenchant as well as poetic pen. He has long 
 been an earnest Mason and Odd Fellow, and manifests at 
 all times a deep regard for the interests of these esoteric 
 
 fraternities. In politics he is a liberal, and in religion he 
 holds to no particular creed or doctrine. As a note histori- 
 cal, it may be said that he is a lineal descendant of Hannah 
 Bradbury, who was condemned to execution for witchcraft 
 in the early days of Salem, Massachusetts, but who, from 
 some cause which histoiy does not explain, escaped that 
 terrible fate. 
 
 UGH, ACHILLES, Printer, is descended from 
 Ellis Pugh, who came to this country in 1687, 
 two years after William Penn. He was horn in 
 Chester county, Pennsylvania, March loth, 1805. 
 In 1809 his father, Thomas Pugh, emigrated with 
 his family to Cadiz, in Ohio. In the year 1822, 
 at the age of seventeen, Achilles entered the printing office 
 of the Cadiz Informant to learn the art so preservative of 
 many things. In 1827 he went to Philadelphia to perfect 
 himself in the business, and after varied adventures in divers 
 places, all becoming to the young wandering journeyman 
 printer, bred of sober, discreet Quaker parentage, but 
 strangely named Achilles, he came to Cincinnati in May, 
 1830. On landing there he paid twelve and a half cents to 
 have his trunk carried, twenty-five cents for his dinner, and 
 ending by passing over his last cent for a segar. There was 
 nothing left : even the segar went off in smoke ; but he had 
 himself, a stalwart frame, an iron will, industrious habits, 
 firm moral principles, and a genial happy disposition that 
 feared no ill and hoped ail good. He at once found em- 
 ployment, and soon became manager of the Evangelist 
 periodical, then published by Walter Scott. During this 
 engagement he was married, August 23d, 1832, to Anna 
 Maria Davis, daughter of John Davis, of Bedford county, 
 V^irginia. He later established a small office of his own, 
 and in the course of three or four years formed a partner- 
 ship with Morgan & .Sanxay in job printing. It was then 
 that trouble overtook him. The Ohio Auti-Slavery Society 
 was organized in April, 1835. Its business was conducted 
 by an executive committee, who started a newspaper. The 
 Philanthropist, at New Richmond, in Clermont county, 
 and after printing a few numbers applied to him to take the 
 press and type and print the paper in Cincinnati. His 
 partners refusing, the connection was dissolved, and he con- 
 tracted to print it alone. Unable to hire a building for the 
 purpose owing to the obloquy attached to the cause, he 
 erected one in the rear of his residence on Walnut street, 
 between Sixth and Seventh streets. He undertook the 
 printing as a matter of business. “ If,” reasoned he, 
 “slavery cannot stand discussion, then slavery is wrong: 
 therefore, as a printer, it is in the line of my business to 
 print this paper, charging only the ordinary rates ” for the 
 work. Soon as the paper appeared it was evident from the 
 attitude of the city press that a storm was brewing, and at 
 midnight of the I2th of July, 1836, a band of men broke 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 23 
 
 into his office, frightened away a boy sleeping there, de- 
 stroyed the week’s issue, and dismantled and carried away 
 parts of the press. Not to be balked so easily, Mr. Pugh 
 had a new press purchased and was at work at 1 1 o’clock 
 the next day printing off his weekly issue. A few days after 
 he removed his press to his job office, corner of Seventh and 
 Main streets. At sundown on the night of the 29th a second 
 mob assembled, valiantly broke into his office, pitched the 
 type cases and press into the middle of the street, and were 
 about to set it on fire when his honor the Mayor, Samuel 
 AV. Davies, mounted the pile and addressed the mob. He 
 complimented them for having done so well thus far, but ad-i 
 vised against the confl.agrating process, as it would endanger 
 the adjacent property. Thereupon they hauled the press by 
 a rope and with much noise and shoutings cast it into the 
 Ohio. After the second attack he for a while printed the 
 paper at Springboro’, in Warren county, and brought down 
 “the abominable sheet” by canal to the city. In the ex- 
 citing era he was a marked man, and very much wanted as 
 an object of adornment with tar and feathers ; but by keep- 
 ing in after dark and keeping out of certain parts of the city 
 when it was light, and possessing, moreover, a powerful 
 muscular physique, he escaped being made a subject of 
 “ high art.” Scowls and cold shoulders were given him in 
 abundance. These he herewith equanimity; and as the 
 cause of anti-slavery gradually advanced many a dollar 
 was privately slipped into his hands by parties, some of them 
 even engaged in the Southern trade. These were applied 
 to aid the flight of colored fugitives by the underground 
 railroad ; no questions being asked only for the money, the 
 parties giving seeming strangely incurious as to its applica- 
 tion : only as they gave they winked, and smiled and looked 
 queer. Until 1875 Eugh was closely identified with 
 the printing business in Cincinnati. In 1837 he formed a 
 partnership with Mr. Dodd, and began the publication of 
 the Weekly Chronicle, E. D. Mansfield and Benjamin Drake, 
 editors. This paper was afterwards converted into a daily, 
 and continued until 1846 with Mr. Pugh as printer. In 
 1869, in company with John Butler, he was chosen by the 
 Executive Committee of the Orthodox Friends’ Commission, 
 in connection with the duties assumed under the invitation 
 of President Grant, to make a tour of examination through 
 the Indian agencies of the Central .Superintendency, One 
 day, while the two were riding alone, and unarmed, in an 
 ambulance in the Indian country, they were overtaken by 
 two wild Indians of the plains, Kiowas, who rode up, one 
 on each side of them, with their bows strung and arrows in 
 their hands, evidently designing mischief. Mr. Pugh resorted 
 to a stratagem to get rid of them. Placing his hands to his 
 mouth he drew therefrom a complete set of false teeth and 
 moved them slowly toward the nearest savage, at the same 
 time dropping his heavy beetling brows in a ferocious scowl, 
 while his mouth being deprived of its support the chin and 
 nose came in close proximity. The Indians were horrified 
 at the approaching grinning teeth, and putting spurs to their 
 
 ponies in a twinkling were nowhere to be seen. Mr. Pugh 
 is a member of the .Society of Friends ; and he is one of the 
 most companionable of men. His memory is retentive, 
 while his sense of the ridiculous is keen to a degree. His 
 conscience is tender, and his sympathies all for the right. 
 
 RASHER, LAWRENCE L., was born, on July 
 9th, 1S19, in Mount Pleasant, Hamilton county, 
 Ohio. He was the youngest of seven sons, whose 
 parents were John Brasher and Keziah Brown. 
 His father was a native of New York, who came to 
 Hamilton county in 1790. He served with Gen- 
 eral St, Clair in his Indian campaign, and during the Revo- 
 lution was with l.afayette’s division of Washington’s army. 
 His death occurred in 1840. His wife was a native of New 
 Jersey, her death occurring in Hamilton county in 1839. 
 Her family, too, was of a patriotic stock, her father having 
 participated in many of the colonial struggles both as soldier 
 and surgeon. Lawrence L. had few advantages for an 
 early education in the common schools, and was compelled 
 to adopt that slower method, which, however, is always sub- 
 stantial, self-culture. As early as sixteen he began life as a 
 mechanic, and subsequently followed the trade of a cooper 
 for twelve years. It was during this period that he managed 
 to acquire an unusual fund of practical knowledge by care- 
 fully selected, continuous and well-digested reading. No 
 small portion of bis leisure moments was devoted to the 
 study of the law, which materially increased his capacity for 
 the intelligent discharge of duties soon to devolve upon 
 him. He was a Captain of militia under the old militia 
 regime of the State of Ohio. In 1869 he became Deputy 
 Auditor of Hamilton county, and has held that office for 
 six years. Sensible of the loss of time, place and oppor- 
 tunity for education when young, he has taken a deep in- 
 terest in the question of popular instruction, and the result 
 of his labors and influence is one of the finest and most suc- 
 cessful of public schools in Cincinnati. His religious senti- 
 ments are the doctrines of the Christian church. He is a 
 Republican in politics, a prominent and zealous Mason, and 
 an eloquent advocate in the cause of temperance. This 
 fidelity to principle cost him an office, for in his canvass for 
 the Legislature in 1873 Ee was beaten by seven votes in a 
 bitter fight waged against him by the anti-temperance element. 
 
 3 ^MITH, WILLIAM F., Master Mechanic and Cai 
 Builder of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati 
 & Indianapolis Railway, was born, December 
 i6ih, 1826, in Dover, Massachusetts, and is a son 
 of Ebenezer Smith, a millwright and carpenter of 
 that town. His preliminary education was ob- 
 tained in the common schools of his native place, and was 
 
24 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 completed at the Elliot School, Jamaica Plain, near Boston. 
 When fifteen years old he was apprenticed to J. Coney to 
 learn the machinist’s trade, and he served a period of six 
 years in that establishment. In 1847 he was engaged as 
 draughtsman for the Springfield Car & Engine Company, 
 with which he was connected for about two years. In 1S49 
 he went to Cleveland, Ohio, to fulfil a contract on the Cleve- 
 land, Columbus & Cincinnati Railway. The line was com- 
 pleted as far as Columbus in P'ebruai-y, 1851, and he then 
 received the appointment of Master Mechanic, Builder and 
 Superintendent of the Rolling Stock, which position he held 
 for a period of nineteen years. In 1870, owing to the 
 great increase of labor in these departments consequent 
 upon the consolidation of several railroad companies, he 
 took charge of the car department of the Cleveland, Colum- 
 bus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railway, a position he has 
 held up to the present time. It is estimated that since his 
 connection with this line he has built at least five thousand 
 cars. He was chiefly instrumental in establishing the 
 American Railway Master Mechanics’ Association, of 
 which he was the first President. This association pre- 
 sented him in 1871 with the following testimonial : “ Jve- 
 solved, That the association fully appreciates the value and 
 importance to the railway interest of America of the plan 
 of this association as organized, at Dayton, Ohio, June loth, 
 1868, by W. F. Smith and others, and that the Secretary 
 cause the resolution to be handsomely engrossed and a copy 
 sent to each one named in the resolution.” He is one of 
 the originators and owners of the P'ulton I'oundry, in 
 Cleveland, and is also interested in the Wason Car & P'oun- 
 dry Company, at Chattanooga, Tennessee. He is likewise 
 a stockholder of the Delaware Foundry, at Delaware, Ohio. 
 He ranks very high in his craft, and has instructed a score 
 of the best master mechanics in the United States, thor- 
 oughly fitting them for the positions they now hold. He 
 has been twice married, and is the father of two children, 
 a son and daughter 
 
 URGOYNE, JOHN, Lawyer, Judge, and President 
 of the National Insurance Company of Cincin- 
 nati, was born August nth, 1801, in Jefferson 
 county, Virginia. In 1814 he removed to Ham- 
 ilton county, Ohio, landing at Cincinnati, which 
 was then in the infancy of its career as one of the 
 great cities of America. It contained then but thirty-five 
 hundred inhabitants, many of whom, however, w'ere at that 
 time absent in the army and on duty along the northern 
 and western frontiers. The city gave but little promise of 
 its future magnitude and importance. There was not a 
 ])aved street, the dwellings were in straggling lines, and 
 the river bank was a bluff, precipitous in many places, with 
 a rudely constructed roadway running from the shore to the 
 summit. Here it was that Mr. Burgoyne settled for life, 
 identifying himself at a very early age with movements 
 
 which in a large degree raised Cincinnati to a position of 
 eminence as a commercial metropolis. This he did, not 
 only from a laudable public spirit, but from the conviction 
 that the location of the city, which was most happily 
 selected, with industrious enterprise on the part of its citi- 
 zens, would make it eventually the grand entrepot for a vast 
 section of country. This opinion, which has long since 
 been more than realized, made him an active worker in all 
 the movements for the social and material prosperity of that 
 city. He is a self-educated man, whose studious habits 
 and thoroughness of training secured his steady and sub- 
 stantial progress in legal and commercial acquirements. 
 His varied qualifications — clerical, executive, judicial, and 
 financial — may fairly be estimated from a record of his 
 official career. He has served under no less than thirteen 
 commissions from the Governors of Ohio. Pour of these 
 were military. Under three he was invested with the 
 powers and duties of a Justice of the Peace. He was four 
 times commissioned a Director of Longview Lunatic Asy- 
 lum, once as Probate Judge, and once as Associate Judge 
 of the Common Pleas, having been elected to the bench by 
 the unanimous vote cf the State Legislature. For ten years 
 he served as Township Treasurer, and for six years as 
 Sinking P'und Commissioner, fulfilling all the responsible 
 duties with rare fidelity and ability, and to the fullest ac- 
 ceptance of the people who elected him. He was succes- 
 sively elected, for many years. President of the Board of 
 Trustees of the First Presbyterian Church of Cincinnati, of 
 which he and his mother were leading members during the 
 ministrations of Rev. Joshua L. Wilson. His excellent 
 qualities as an executive secured his election to many posi- 
 tions of responsibility in business corporations. He filled 
 the Presidency of the Cincinnati Board of Underwriters for 
 five years, and for the past twenty years has served as 
 President of the National Insurance Company, managing 
 its affairs with such .skill and irreproachable integrity as to 
 win for it the unbounded confidence of the community. 
 His career has been strangely blended with private, civil, 
 and commercial activities.' By a large constituency, which 
 had long esteemed hiS worth and enterprise as a citizen, he 
 was sent to the Legislature of Ohio for three terms, during 
 which he labored efficiently for the best interests of the gen- 
 eral community. He carried the charter of the Ohio Life 
 Insurance & Trust Company through the lower House, 
 and secured other legislation which greatly benefited the 
 business interests of the city and State. \\ hile on the 
 Common Pleas Bench of Cincinnati he secured the appoint- 
 ment of W’illiam Henry Harrison as Clerk, and in after 
 years was largely instrumental in securing his nomination 
 and election to the Presidency of the United States. His 
 career on the bench was rendered conspicuous by a decision 
 which gave him no inconsiderable distinction in after life. 
 He it was who first pronounced from the bench the uncon- 
 stitutionality of the Fugitive Slave Law, a decision which 
 led to one of the grandest displays of justice the world has 
 

 

 *• - ‘ j . ^;T N> I 
 
 t* ■ ■ '•■•■' .4 •! * . I ■'•i ■ 
 
 I' •'* ‘ , , i _ .ij 
 
 . • . • • , I 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 25 
 
 ever known. Mr. Burgoyne has now attained the mature 
 age of seventy-four years, and is still acti e in business pur- 
 suits. He is of rare social traits, affable in all his inter- 
 course with his fellow-citizens, and living in the enjoyment 
 of that profound esteem which his public and private ser- 
 vices have secured. The law is the chosen profession of 
 his family, for, in addition to himself, his son, John Bur- 
 goyne, Jr., and his eldest grandson, Charles L. Burgoyne, 
 are prominent members of the Hamilton county bar. 
 
 ^ATUM, SAMUEL CANBY, Machinist, was born 
 in Wilmington, Delaware, May 13th, 1827. 
 When he was a mere lad his father and mother 
 —John W. and Mary (Canby) Tatum — changed 
 their residence to a farm near the city, where 
 their son Samuel learned many valuable lessons 
 in agriculture. His education was commenced in the 
 schools of his native city and completed in Haverford Col- 
 lege. On leaving his Alma Mater he spent one year at his 
 loved home, and then engaged as an apprentice with J. 
 Morton Poole, on the Brandywine, to learn the iron 
 machinist business. That he might be thoroughly master 
 of his trade he remained with Mr. Poole nearly four long 
 years. In 1849 he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, and there 
 began for himself the foundry and machinery business, 
 principally the latter. After ten years of energetic efforts, 
 which were not crowned with the success he had a right to 
 anticipate, he relinquished that entire enterprise. Soon 
 after closing his machine shop he opened his present foun- 
 dry on the corner of John and Water streets, where he has 
 been eminently successful. The remarkable prosperity of 
 his present business, which was organized in 1859, and 
 from which he has derived his wealth and reputation as a 
 manufacturer, is due to the systematic manner in which he 
 learned his trade, the great executive ability which he pos- 
 sesses, his unwavering integrity, and his courtesy to all per- 
 sons with whom he comes in contact. During the last five 
 years he has had in his employ from one hundred to one 
 hundred and fifty men. He is now a Director of the Hall’s 
 Safe & Lock Company, Director of the great manufacturing 
 establishment of J. A. Fay & Co., Director of the Cincin- 
 nati Savings Society, and Treasurer of the Children’s 
 Home, an institution of which the Queen City may be, as 
 she is, justly proud. In the autumn of 1869 he was a 
 member of the Strangers’ Home Committee of the Young 
 Men’s Christian Association. The committee rented and 
 furnished a building, which was free to all who were with- 
 out a shelter or a home. Mr. Tatum, with his a.ssociates, 
 of whom William Sumner was one, during the ensuing 
 winter lodged and fed 15,624 men. None were more 
 happy to give from their abundance to relieve the necessi- 
 ties of those unfortunate men than Mr. Tatum ; nor did the 
 good work slop there, as large numbers of the men, through 
 4 
 
 the efforts of the committee, found remunerative employ- 
 ment. The following year he repeated the good work of 
 1869-70, and is now engaged, though more privately, in 
 many works of beneficence to the more unfortunate of his 
 fellow-men. On May t9lh, 1849, Samuel C. Tatum was 
 married to Eleanor Bardsley, and by her has four children, 
 three daughters and one son. On May 19th, 1874, their 
 silver wedding was celebrated, their numerous friends par- 
 ticipating in the festivities of the happy occasion. 
 
 ALKE, ANTHONY, late Statesman, was born 
 ® September 13th, 1783, in Norfolk, Virginia, and 
 was the eldest son of William and Mary (Calvert) 
 Walke of that city. He is the fourth in descent 
 from the founder of the American branch of the 
 family, who, emigrating from the island of Bar- 
 badoes, landed in Virginia, and in 1692 married Mary 
 Lawson, of Princess Anne county in that colony. From 
 their son Anthony — who was married April 4th, 1725, to 
 Anna, daughter of Captain William Armistead, of Eastmost 
 river, Gloucester county, Virginia — was descended Colonel 
 Anthony Walke. He was a man of wealth and unbounded 
 liberality, who by his large contributions to the church is 
 most favorably noticed by Bishop Meade in his “ History 
 of the Church in Virginia.” He not only donated lands, 
 but erected a church edifice about twelve miles from Nor- 
 folk, and which is yet standing. Colonel Walke was twice 
 married. His first wife was Jane, daughter of William 
 Randolph, of Turkey Island, James River, and the issue 
 were two sons, Anthony and Thomas, the former the cele- 
 brated “ Parson Walke,” and both were members of the 
 Convention of 1788, which met to adopt the Federal Con- 
 stitution, and both voted in its favor, as also of the Bill of 
 Rights. His second wife was Mary Isham, a daughter of 
 Colonel Edward Moseley, whose family was one of the 
 oldest and most respected in eastern Virginia. By this 
 union were born to him three sons, William, John, and 
 Edward H. ; the two latter died young. The eldest of 
 these three, William, was the father of the Anthony Walke 
 whose sketch is now about to be given, and who also died 
 in the prime of life. He was a young man of great worth 
 and promise. After receiving a liberal education he retired 
 to his fann, called the “ Ferry Plantation,” and devoted 
 himself to agricultural pursuits. He was a member of the 
 Legislature at the time of his death. He married Mary, 
 daughter of Cornelius and Elizabeth (Thoroughgood) 
 Calvert. This latter was the daughter of Adam and Eliza- 
 beth (Mason) Thoroughgood, and the last mentioned was 
 sister of the patriot and .statesman George Mason, whose 
 statue is in Richmond. Colonel Thoroughgood, brother of 
 Adam, was an officer under General Washington, and was 
 wounded shortly before Cornwallis’ surrender. Thomas 
 Calvert, United States navy — Mrs. William Walke’s brother 
 
26 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 — was First Lieutenant of the United States frigate “ Con- 
 stellation,” thirty-eight guns, when, under Commodore 
 Truxton, and after a desperate action, the French frigate 
 “ L’Insurgente,” of forty guns, was captured. William 
 Walke left two sons and three daughters, none of whom 
 survive save William, who is at present one of the oldest 
 and most respected citizens of Norfolk. All the daughters 
 were married, and among their descendants are some of the 
 most worthy and respectable citizens of Norfolk and of 
 eastern Virginia. In few families of this country has 
 wealth continued so long. A considerable portion of the 
 estate owned by Colonel Anthony Walke is still in the pos- 
 session of his descendants. Anthony Walke, late of Ohio, 
 was educated at Yale College, and was a fellow-student of 
 the late distinguished John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina. 
 Soon after arriving at manhood he was elected a member 
 of the Virginia Legislature from his native county, where 
 he was highly esteemed. During Jefferson’s administration 
 he was selected as the Agent of the United States govern- 
 ment to deliver to the Dcy of Algiers the tribute which the 
 Barbary powers exacted from Christian nations for the 
 privilege of trading in Mediterranean ports, and this was 
 the last tribute from the American government, except that 
 which was finally and effectually paid by Decatur in powder 
 and ball. On his return to the United Stales the vessel in 
 which he had embarked was driven by stress of weather on 
 the coast of P’rance, and as he had no passport, was arrested 
 on suspicion of being a British emissary. After a month’s 
 imprisonment he was released through the intervention of 
 Livingston, the United States minister to the French Repub- 
 lic. Having obtained permission to travel through France 
 on his return home, he visited Boulogne while Bonaparte 
 was in the midst of his great preparations for the invasion 
 of England, and where he witnessed a review of the French 
 “ Grande Armee.” Early in the present century he re- 
 moved from Virginia to Ohio, but owing to continued 
 ill-health returned to his native Slate. During the war of 
 1812, when Norfolk was threatened by an English squad- 
 ron, he was attached to the mounted patrol organized for 
 the purpose of watching the movements of the enemy ; and 
 on one occasion he participated in the capture of a consid- 
 erable number of officers and sailors who had come ashore 
 on a foraging expedition from the British fleet, then lying 
 in Hampton Roads. A few years thereafter he returned to 
 Ohio and became a permanent resident of the Scioto valley. 
 He ever took a lively interest in questions of State and 
 national policy, and he will be remembered by many as an 
 able writer and speaker. He often represented Ross 
 county in the lower branch of the Legislature, and also in 
 the State Senate ; and, as was said of him by the editor of 
 the Ohio State yournal, he was in truth a “ gentleman of 
 the old school,” polite and respectful to all, maintaining 
 through life a high character for integrity, truthfulness, and 
 the faithful discharge of all his duties, whether regarded as 
 a public man, as a private citizen, or as a Christian. For 
 
 fifty years he was a member of the Presbyterian Church, 
 and during a long period was a ruling elder in that denom- 
 ination. He was married in 1S05 to Susan H. Carmichael, 
 of Princess Anne county, Virginia, and who died Novem- 
 ber loth, 1874, in the eighty-ninth year of her age, one of 
 the oldest and most esteemed residents of Chillicothe, dis- 
 tinguished for piety, Christian charity, and kindness to all. 
 Five sons and one daughter survived her departure; the 
 latter is the wife of James Dun, of Madison county, Ohio. 
 Of the sons, Rear-Admiral Henry Walke, United States 
 navy, of Brooklyn, New Vork, is an able and distinguished 
 officer. Dr. Cornelius Walke, another son, resides in New 
 Vork city during the winter and at Cornwell’s Landing 
 (North river) in summer. John Walke is Judge of the 
 Probate Court of Pickaway county, Ohio; Anthony and 
 Thomas Walke are residents of Chillicothe, Ohio, the latter 
 being Judge of the Probate Court of Ross county. Another 
 son, William, died some years before his father. The 
 latter died March 19th, 1865, in the eighty-second year of 
 his age. 
 
 'AFT, ALPHONSO, Jurist and Lawyer, was born 
 November 5th, 1810, in Townshend, Vermont, 
 the only child of Peter Rawson Taft and Sylvia 
 Howard Taft. His father, although a farmer, 
 was much in public life. He was for four years 
 a Judge of the County Court of Windham. In 
 his sixteenth year his son decided to obtain a liberal edu- 
 cation. To help on with the expenses he taught a country 
 school, commencing with his sixteenth winter. In the fol- 
 lowing spring he pursued his studies in the academy ; 
 worked on his father’s farm in the summer, studied in the 
 fall, taught again in the winter, and so on until his nine- 
 teenth year, when he entered the freshman class of Yale 
 College, and there graduated with honor in 1833. From 
 1835 to 1837 he held the position of tutor in Yale College, 
 at the same time pursuing his studies at the Yale Law 
 School, where he graduated in 1838. In 1839 he entered 
 upon the practice of his profession in Cincinnati. In 1841 
 he was married to Fannie Phelps, of Townshend, Vermont. 
 She, dying in 1852, left two sons, Charles Phelps Taft and 
 Peter Rawson Taft, now both members of the Cincinnati 
 bar and partners with their father. In 1854 he was agatn 
 married and to Louise M. Torrey, of Millbury, Massachu- 
 setts. They have three sons and one daughter. He early 
 identified himself with the material and educational inter- 
 ests of Cincinnati. He served in the Common Council 
 from the year 1847 to 1849. Prior to that period Liberty 
 street had been the north line of the city. While he was a 
 member a proposition came before the Council to remove 
 the line one mile farther north, .so as to include the heavy 
 German population and Mount Auburn within the city. 
 The Council was strongly Whig in sentiment and refused 
 their consent, as the Germans were mostly Democratic, and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EA’CVCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 27 
 
 this would give the rule to the opposition. Mr. Taft, al- 
 though a Whig in sentiment, thought the public good 
 demanded the annexation. He thereupon introduced and 
 after much opposition carried a proposition through the 
 Council to submit it to popular vote. It was carried by a 
 strong vote, and in consequence no party has since ventured 
 to oppose annexation. On the 22d of January, 1850, Mr. 
 Taft delivered before the Mercantile Library Association a 
 lecture upon “ Cincinnati and her Railroads,” which being 
 published and extensively read, proved a powerful stimulus 
 to the construction of many railroads in which Cincinnati 
 was interested, material aid being voted by the city to sev- 
 eral of these enterprises. Mr. Taft was an active member 
 of the old Whig party, and on its demise a member of the 
 convention of 1856 which nominated Fremont for President. 
 The same year he was an unsuccessful competitor for Con- 
 gress against George H. Pendleton. This closed his politi- 
 cal experience. On the occasion of the decease of Daniel 
 Webster Mr. Taft delivered a eulogy upon his life and ser- 
 vices which was regarded by the family of the deceased 
 statesman as the most clear and truthful analysis extant of 
 his intellectual qualities. In 1865 Mr. Taft was appointed 
 by Governor Cox to fill a vacancy on the bench of the 
 Superior Court of Cincinnati, and twice subsequently was 
 elected to the same office, the last time by the unanimous 
 vote of both political parties. Among the causes handled 
 by him at the bar during a successful practice of twenty-five 
 years two may be mentioned as illustrating his ability in 
 dealing with critical and difficult questions. The first was 
 the celebrated controversy in which he bore a leading part 
 — that relating to the patent for the steam fire engine. A. 
 B. Latta and Abel Shawk each claimed the invention and 
 obtained a patent for it. Griffin Taylor, who had become 
 the purchaser of Latta’s patent, was sued for libel (damages 
 placed at 550,000) on the ground that he had published in 
 the Cincinnati Times that Shawk had obtained his patent 
 by perjury. It was a difficult case to defend, but it was 
 successful. Latta subsequently brought an action for in- 
 fringement against Shawk, which was concluded in the 
 United States Circuit Court by a judgment and final verdict 
 for Latta. In this case Mr. Taft made the closing argu- 
 ment. The second case was that of Perrin vs. The Execu- 
 tors of Ch.arles McMicken and the City of Cincinnati, 
 involving thfe validity of Mr. McMicken’s will giving his 
 estate to the city of Cincinnati in trust for the establishment 
 and the support of a free college or university. The heirs 
 denied its validity and the power of the city to accept such 
 a trust. It was eventually carried to the Supreme Court of 
 the United States and decided for the defendants, their 
 lawyers having been George E. Pugh and Mr. Taft. Judge 
 Taft’s printed argument was regarded as a chef d'evuvre in 
 that line and was complimented with emphasis by the 
 judges. His management of this case alone was sufficient 
 to show that his professional grade was of the highest. No 
 professional question seems too intricate for his capacity 
 
 and learning, and so high stands his general reputation that 
 he has lately been appointed on the Board of Trustees for 
 Yale College, an honor conferred upon none other west of 
 the Alleghenies. He was brought forward in 1875 for 
 Governor of the State. In March, 1876, he succeeded 
 General Belknap as Secretary of War. 
 
 EIFER, GENERAL J. WARREN, Lawyer, was 
 born in Clark county, Januaiy 30th, 1836. His 
 parents were Joseph and Mary (Smith) Keifer. 
 His father was a native of Washington county, 
 Maryland, a civil engineer and a farmer. His 
 mother was a native of Hamilton county, Ohio. 
 General Keifer received his education in the public schools 
 of his native county and at Antioch College. He did not, 
 however, pursue the regular classical course, and at the age 
 of seventeen he was withdrawn from school altogether and 
 for two years managed the homestead farm, his father being 
 dead. In 1855 he began the study of law with General 
 Charles Anthony, of Springfield, and being admitted to the 
 bar January 12th, 1858, at once began practice alone in the 
 same city. April 19th, 1861, he responded to Lincoln’s 
 first call for troops, and was commissioned Major of the 3d 
 Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and mustered into ser- 
 vice on the 27th. Without having left the State the regi- 
 ment was re-enlisted on June I2lh for the three year service, 
 and joined the army under McClellan in western Virginia, 
 pjarticipating in the battles of Rich Mountain, Cheat Moun- 
 tain, and Elkwater. November, 1861, the regiment was 
 transferred to Duel’s army, in Kentucky. February 22d, 
 1862, he was promoted to the Lieutenant-Colonelcy, and 
 with his regiment participated in the campaign against 
 Bowling Green, Nashville, Murfreesboro’, and Huntsville, 
 Alabama. .September 30th, 1862, he resigned in order to 
 accept promotion to the Colonelcy of the i loth Regiment 
 Ohio Volunteer Infantry, joining Milroy’s command in 
 Virginia, and during the winter of 1862-63 commanded the 
 post at Morefield. In the battle of Winchester, June, 1863, 
 he commanded the 2d Brigade of the 3d Division of Mil- 
 roy’s army, and received a slight wound, which, however, 
 did not disable him, and on the 9th of July, immediately 
 following the battle of Gettysburg, he was transferred with 
 his regiment to the Army of the Potomac, and in August 
 sent with a brigade of Ohio troops to enforce the draft in 
 the city of New York. He rejoined the Army of the 
 Potomac in September, and participated in the battle of 
 Mine Run, November 27th. On the first day’s engagement 
 in the battle of the Wilderness, May 5th, 1864, he was 
 severely wounded in the left forearm by a musket ball, the 
 bone being utterly shattered. By this he was disabled until 
 August 26th, when he was ordered to join the army of 
 Sheridan, at Harper’s Ferry, for his campaign in the valley 
 of Virginia, and with his arm still in a sling, participated in 
 the battles of Opequan, Fisher’s Hill, and Cedar Creek. 
 
28 
 
 LIOGRAPIIICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 At Opequan he received a shell wound in the thigh, but 
 was not disabled, and in the next engagement, at Fisher’s 
 Hill, he led the 2d Brigade of the 3d Division 6th Army 
 Corps in the charge on the fortified flank of Early’s army, 
 completely routing the whole force and capturing a great 
 quantity of artillery. At the battle of Cedar Creek he 
 commanded the 3d Division of the 6th Corps, and for gal- 
 lantry on the field was brevetted Brigadier-Ceneral. De- 
 cember, 1864, he joined the army in front of Petersburg, 
 and participated in the assault on the outer line of works of 
 that last stronghold of the Confederacy, on the 25th of 
 hlarch following, and on the 2d of April led the 3d Divis- 
 ion of the 6th Corps in the final assault which carried the 
 place. Pursuing the retreating hosts, they came up with 
 them on the 6th at Sailor’s Creek, where they were posted 
 in force on the left bank of the stream, with perhaps no 
 other hope than to check the advance of the Union troops. 
 Sheridan ordered a charge. The troops had to pass over a 
 swamp and through the stream, swollen by .spring rains till 
 the water reached their armpits. This occasioned more or 
 less confusion in the advancing line. The rebels in one 
 desperate rally charged in deep column on the centre, and 
 piercing it divided the line ; but, disheartened by successive 
 defeats, the fagged soldiery were not rpiick enough to take 
 advantage of the situation. The broken line rallied and 
 charged desper.ately upon either flank, the left led by Gen- 
 eral Keifer. Nearly six thousand troops surrendered in a 
 body, including several of the most distinguished generals 
 of the Confederate army — Lieutenant-General Ewell, 
 Major-Generals Kershaw, Curtis, I.ee, and Pickett, besides 
 a number of brigadiers. In the confusion and exhaustion 
 succeeding the desperate engagement and surrender, word 
 was brought to General Keifer that a considerable body of 
 rebels were concealed in a wooded ravine to the right. 
 None of his staff happened to be by, and disbelieving the 
 statement, he rode off alone to reconnoitre. He had hardly- 
 gone three hundred yards till he came upon a long line of 
 troops lying upon the ground and concealed by the dense 
 thicket. He was upon them. The smoke of the battle 
 hung in the woods. The light was imperfect. They saw 
 him, but had not discovered his identity. To attempt re- 
 treat would insure discovery and death, as a horse could 
 not be forced with any speed through the thicket. Com- 
 prehending the situation at a glance, and relying on the 
 dimness of the light, he had the coolness to save himself by 
 a coup lie main. Halting, he gave the command “ For- 
 ward ! ” and turned toward the scene of the battle. It is 
 probable they were not apprised of the result of the engage- 
 ment, and supposed they were being led up to sustain their 
 comrades. The more he hurried his horse through the 
 underbrush to get in advance the greater seemed the 
 urgency for their presence on the field. When he emerged 
 from the woods they were at his side. The clear light dis- 
 covered his uniform. Instantly a dozen muskets covered 
 his form, some almost touching his person. The puzzled 
 
 officers about him shouted “ Stop ! ” and the commander 
 rushing forward saved his life by throwing up the muzzle 
 of a discharged gun with the blade of his sword. General 
 Keifer dashed away, and before they could recover from 
 the embarrassment of the situation charged down upon 
 them with his own command. Throwing down their arms, 
 they surrendered without a struggle. It proved to be the 
 Marine Brigade, formerly employed in naval service on the 
 James. Not less than thirty-five naval officers of rank, in- 
 cluding Commodore Tucker, formerly of the United States 
 navy, and afterwards Admiral-in-Chief of the Peruvian 
 navy, and Captain John D. Simmes, surrendered their 
 swords to General Keifer. In gratitude to Commodore 
 Tucker, who had saved his life, he refused to accept his 
 sword, and afterwards used his influence with the War 
 Department to obtain the parole of Simmes and several of 
 the other officers who claimed to have restrained their men 
 from firing, but who had deserted the United States navy to 
 join the Confederacy, and were therefore not entitled to the 
 usual consideration of prisoners of war. After Sailor’s 
 Creek he participated in the surrender of I.ee at Appo- 
 mattox, and for gallantry in the campaign was brevetted 
 Major-General. In command of the 3d Division he was 
 ordered to join Sherman, in North Carolina. Leaving his 
 fagged army at Danville, however, he was only able to 
 make his way with his staff to Greensboro’ in time to wit- 
 ness the surrender of Johnston. On the 27lh of June, 1865, 
 he was mustered out of service and resumed his practice at 
 Springfield. In the following October he was appointed 
 Lieutenant-Colonel in the regular army upon the recom- 
 mendation of General Grant, but declined to serve. In 
 1867 he was elected to the Ohio Senate on the Republican 
 ticket. In 1868, while Commander of the Grand Army of 
 the Republic, he organized the Board of Control to estab- 
 lish the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Orphans’ Home, at Xenia, 
 of which the .State assumed the support in 1870, making 
 General Keifer one of the Trustees. March 22d, i86o, he 
 married Eliza S. Stout, of Clark county. He enjoys an 
 extensive practice and a high standing at the Springfield bar. 
 
 OULTON, CHARLES WILLIAM, Lawyer, was 
 born at Richfield, Summit county, Ohio, Decem- 
 ber 1 6th, 1830. His parents were of New Eng- 
 land origin. He was educated at a high school 
 at Medina, and after this went to Cleveland and 
 passed some five or six years there in a retail dry- 
 goods store. He then studied law in that city with the 
 Hon. Samuel W. Treat, and was admitted to practise law 
 at Columbus in the winter of 1856-57, before the .Supreme 
 Court. On May 9th, 1855, he was married, at Mansfield, 
 Ohio, to Frances B. Shuman, daughter of Judge Shuman, 
 late of the Supreme Court of Ohio. He entered upon the 
 duties of his profession at Toledo, Ohio, in the spring of 
 
BIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOrTEDIA. 
 
 29 
 
 1857 or 1858, and was tints engaged until the opening of 
 the rebellion. In June, i36i, he was appointed Assistant 
 Quartermaster, with the rank of Captain. lie served in 
 the Quartermaster’s Department through the war, having 
 been transferred to the regular army and promoted to a 
 Colonel. In October, 1S65, he resumed his profession at 
 Cincinnati, where he has now a large practice. 
 
 f TOMS, WILLI.VM, Merchant, was born at 
 Bridgeton, New Jersey, December 20th, 1811. 
 He was the eldest of the four children of Jacob 
 .Stoms, a descendant of the Holland Dutch, and 
 who determined in the spring of 1818 to remove 
 to what was then the “ Far West.” Father, 
 mother and children, with all their household goods and 
 other possessions, were stowed in an old-fashioned, four- 
 horse wagon, and after many farewells the long and tedious 
 journey through a wild and unknown country was com- 
 menced. The country was sparsely settled and the roads 
 in bad condition, which, added to the discomfort of the 
 rude conveyances of that period, rendered the trip exceed- 
 ingly slow and monotonous. They arrived at Pittsburgh 
 one bright morning in early June, and after a period of rest 
 embarked, w'ith all their goods, on a flatboat which the 
 father had purchased, and slowly floated out upon the 
 bosom of the “La Belle” river. They floated with the 
 current down the Ohio, and on the morning of July 4th, 
 1818, rounded the bend of the river and first gazed upon 
 the Queen City. They landed amid the booming of 
 cannon, the beating of drums and the huzzas of the people, 
 who had gathered upon the public landing to celebrate the 
 natal day of our great republic. Flags were flying and 
 processions of patriotic men were forming, and among the 
 latter were some who had taken an active part in the 
 achievement of American independence. It was an epoch 
 in the history of our subject that left an indelible impres- 
 sion on his mind, and from which he dates all the impor- 
 tant events of his life. He attended the common schools 
 of Cincinnati, colleges and universities being then almost 
 unknown west of the Alleghenies. At the age of seventeen 
 years he became a clerk in a grocery store, and for three 
 years devoted himself by night and day to the acquirement 
 of a thorough knowledge of the business in all its branches. 
 He became clerk and salesman in the large wholesale and 
 retail grocery house of Corham & Dair, at the northwest 
 corner of Sycamore and Lower Market (Pearl) streets, 
 January 12th, 1831, being then under twenty years of age. 
 His application and business qualifications won such recog- 
 nition that upon the death of the senior partner, in 1835, 
 he was admitted to a partnership, and the firm-style 
 changed to John F. Dair & Co. This firm in time relin 
 quished the grocery business and gave their whole attention 
 to seeds and agricultural imjflements, for which branch our 
 
 subject, William Stoms, had great natural taste, and the 
 firm speedily became one of the most widely known of any 
 in that line throughout the .South and West. In 1865, 
 after a harmonious and profitable association of over thirty 
 years, John F. Dair retired, and Mr. Stoms associated with 
 him his two sons, under the firm-name of William Stoms & 
 Sons. After getting his “ boys ” fairly started, he relin- 
 quished mercantile life and retired to the enjoyment of the 
 legitimate fruits of his years of energetic and unceasing 
 application to his business, and has since lived in quiet 
 retirement. Many events of his public life are worthy of 
 historic note. He has been for twenty-five years an 
 honored member of, and for two years presided over, the 
 Cincinnati Horticultural Society, an association as old as 
 the Queen City herself, and which has enrolled the names 
 of very many such men as Nicholas Longworth, Robert 
 Buchanan, Dr. J. A. Warder and Henry Probasco. He 
 was a delegate from the First District of Ohio to the 
 National Republican Convention, which convened at 
 Chicago, May 20lh, 1868, and nominated Ceneral U. S. 
 Crant for the Presidency. In April, 1870, he was elected 
 as the first representative of the First Ward in the Board 
 of Aldermen of Cincinnati, which had just been created, 
 and served his constituents faithfully and efficiently for two 
 years. He was appointed Park Commissioner, April 27th, 
 1872, by Hon. S. S. Davis, then Mayor of Cincinnati, and 
 unanimously confirmed by the Common Council. In 1875, 
 though an avowed and earnest Republican, he was the 
 recipient of the unusual honor of a reappointment by the 
 Democratic incumbent, Hon. Ceorge W. C. Johnston, and 
 was again unanimously confirmed by the Council, a ma- 
 jority of which belonged to the opposite political party. 
 The Park Board is compeaed of the best and most resjiected 
 citizens, and has done much to increase the attractiveness 
 and comfort of the city. He was one of the jui-y in the 
 condemnation cases of the property upon the site of the new 
 Post Office and Custom House building, which occupied 
 the United States Court for thirty-nine consecutive days 
 and involved about $1,000,000. The awards of the jury 
 were awaited with the greatest anxiety, and the event was 
 one of great interest to the city. His son. Captain Horace 
 C. Stoms, was appointed Internal Revenue Assessor of the 
 First Ohio District, by Andrew' Johnson, and continued in 
 that office by reappointment of U. S. Crant until March 
 1st, 1871, when he was removed by the intervention of 
 Jesse R. Crant, the father of the President, who was then 
 Postmaster at Covington, Kentucky. The questions in 
 dispute were fully discussed in the public press, and are 
 properly a part of the history of Grant’s administration. 
 Jesse R. Crant, though an old man and unfit for active 
 business, insisted upon making the a]ipointments of gaugers 
 in Mr. Stoms’ district, and was for a time allowed to make 
 suggestions, and his reasonable demands granted ; but when 
 he came from an applicant for a certain position, with an 
 offer of $500, which he actually [iroposed to accept and 
 
30 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 divide willi ihe assessor, he was peremptorily and indig- 
 nantly refused. The quarrel which followed was full of 
 bitterness, resulting in the removal of Captain Stoms and 
 the estrangement of the principal actors; but Jesse R. 
 Grant, upon his death-bed, expressed his regret that the 
 quarrel had taken place, and expressed a desire to see his 
 old friend William Stoms. He was married, October 12th, 
 1837, to Eliza L. Mears, a lady of rare culture and refine- 
 ment, and who has proved a devoted wife and mother, and 
 who sprung from one of the pioneer families of the Miami 
 valley. Seven children, six sons and one daughter, have 
 been born to them, all of whom survive except the eldest, 
 William G. Stoms. The others are spared to add comfort 
 and peace to the declining years of the estimable pair. In 
 great measure self-made and self-educated, he ranks among 
 the most prominent and respected denizens of the Queen 
 City, and well deserves to have his name enrolled in the 
 histoi-y of his adopted city as “ one of its builders.” 
 
 ASTLE, MARSHALL S., Lawyer, was born in 
 Essex, Chittenden county, in the State of Ver- 
 mont, on April 21st, 1822, and came to Cleve- 
 land with his family in 1827, being then five 
 years of age. He remained in the various 
 schools of the village until 1834, when his 
 then prosperous builder, died of the cholera, 
 leaving him, at the age of a little over twelve, with several 
 brothers and sisters a burden and charge upon a vigorous 
 and energetic but proud and ambitious mother. He im- 
 mediately sought employment. Many remember him as a 
 boy-clerk in the dry-goods store of the late Solomon L. 
 Severance, with whom he lived for about a year, when he 
 entered upon the trade of a watchmaker with David E. 
 Field, now of New York. Here he evinced the taste and 
 inclination which led him to the profession of the law. 
 Early in A\pril, 1841, he left for the city of Tremont, then 
 called Lower Sandusky, and entered the office of the Hon. 
 John L. Greene, as a law student, where he pursued his 
 studies until June, 1844, with his brother-in-law and most 
 w.atchful and attached friend, when he was admitted to 
 pr.actise law. It is worthy of note in this connection that 
 in this county the avenues to education are open to effort 
 and energy, and that its highest branches may be attained 
 by ardent labor and persistent zeal. For nearly five years 
 Mr. Castle, then a boy and pursuing his daily occupation, 
 having attracted the notice of several gentlemen of learning 
 and education, among whom were General Calvin C. Wal- 
 ler and Francis A. Burroughs, received regular and steady 
 teaching and instruction from them. General Waller was 
 a lawyer, and encour.aged young Castle’s ambition to enter 
 upon the profession. Mr. Burroughs was a gentleman of 
 leisure and of great ability, and watched his young friend’s 
 opening intellect with an interest only excelled by his love. 
 
 In June, 1844, he returned to Cleveland, formed a partner- 
 ship with George W. Lynde, and entered upon the practice 
 of the law. Few men have spent a busier life or had from 
 the beginning more varied professional engagements than 
 he. He has credit at the bar for clear and sound judg- 
 ment, for plain and concise opinions, for great generosity 
 and liberality in the bestowal of his services, and for an un- 
 changing courage and persistency in the attainment of an 
 end he believes just. But he is most conspicuous and far 
 the best known as a jury lawyer. It is here that he best 
 evinces the peculiar powers of his nature, and here the 
 brilliant talents which have long distinguished him as an 
 advocate shine most conspicuously. It is not alone the 
 richness of his flow of language and choice of words: nor 
 is it in the inimitable beauty of his fancy, nor the glowing 
 figures his imagination paints and hands over to his 
 listeners, like old memories from real life. It is in an 
 electric thrill born of all these, with an added sense of his 
 earnestness, his naturalness, his own conviction, and his 
 personal and spiritual identity with his theme. Wonderful 
 and effective as this power is in man, he has it in a marvel- 
 lous degree, and exercises it at the bar and on the rostrum. 
 As a criminal lawyer, he has few equals and no superiors. 
 He has had great experience in defences, and has officially 
 prosecuted for Cuyahoga county from 1865 to 1867. He 
 has defended in some of the cases of homicide most known 
 and best remembered at Cleveland for the very long and 
 learned conduct of the trials. The State against Spooner 
 he defended on the plea of insanity, and successfully, 
 making one of the best arguments of his life. He defended 
 Dr. Hughs for the murder of Miss Tamsen Parsons, a trial 
 which lasted about twenty days and in which also the plea 
 of insanity was interposed, and in which his argument for 
 the defendant was over seven hours in length. He de- 
 fended Mrs. Victor for the poisoning of her brother, and in 
 her case held the court and jury for twelve days over the 
 evidence and the facts on the question of her sanity. In 
 politics he was originally a Whig, but supported Douglas in 
 1856 and after. But on the breaking out of the late war he 
 joined the ranks of the Northern defenders of the nation, 
 and all through stood by his country in every emergency, 
 aiding bv every means to fill up the ranks of the Federal 
 army. Well is remembered the day, April 28ih, 1865, when 
 the body of the murdered Lincoln lay in the park in Cleve- 
 land. Well remembered also, on being called to speak 
 to the sad and grief-stricken populace, the words of elo- 
 quence and power with which he clothed his thoughts on 
 that gloomy and solemn day. It will be seen that Mr. 
 Castle has been at the bar for thirty-one years. He has 
 been for the most part in good health, and has industriously 
 followed his profession. He has been engaged in many 
 cases of that exciting character which leave a lasting recol- 
 lection, and in all of which he has made a very conspicuous 
 mark. He is a younger-looking man than he really is, is 
 in the veiy strength and vigor of his manhood, and bids fair 
 
niOGRAPIIICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 to fulfil the hopes and expectations of his friends. lie 
 married Helen M. Beaugrande in September, 1S44, and 
 has had three children : Nellie M. Burt being the oldest 
 and Maggie Castle the youngest, his only son, Marshall H., 
 having died at sixteen years and three months of age. 
 Personally, he is stoutly built, about five feet eight and one- 
 half inches high, with a brilliant dark gray eye and dark 
 brown hair. His love of his country and reverence for the 
 Constitution are known to all men who know him, and 
 enter into and patriotically color every act and principle 
 of his life. 
 
 ||RO\VN, WILLIAM E., Lawyer and Banker, was 
 born at Xenia, Ohio, November 13th, 1825. 
 
 His parents were Edward and Anne (Mitchell) 
 Brown. They w'ere both natives of Pennsyl- 
 vania, and came to Ohio only a year previous to 
 the birth of their son. In the way of schooling 
 Mr. Brown enjoyed only very meagre advantages, and at 
 the age of thirteen was apprenticed to the trade of shoe- 
 making. Having, however, a taste for books and an 
 ambition to better his condition, he so much improved his 
 education by private study that by the time he was eighteen 
 he was able to teach school. At nineteen he began the 
 study of law, and supported himself by his trade until he 
 was admitted to the bar, in 1849. He soon after started 
 the practice of his profession in the city of Hamilton, where 
 he still resides ; and after the usual term of penury and 
 disappointment, which marks the opening of most profes- 
 sional careers, he acquired a fair patronage and began to 
 form that reputation for sound judgment and integrity 
 which the subsequent course of his life has so distinctly 
 confirmed. Butler county from time immemorial having 
 been the unassailable stronghold of the Democracy in 
 Ohio, and Mr. Brown being an unflinching Republican, 
 the professional career he chose was not the open sesame 
 to public life with him as with the average lawyer in 
 American country towns. But he is not of the throng who 
 live to repent the sacrifice of their principles and at the 
 same time mourn the disappointment of their hopes, for, 
 with the best qualifications for public usefulness, he has 
 been singularly free from political ambition. The failure 
 of his health long ago compelled him to relinquish his 
 profession and engage in pursuits that permit greater 
 physical exercise. For a time he retired to a farm and 
 gave his attention to agriculture. Later, he engaged in 
 the insurance business, and in 1870 was made President of 
 the Second National Bank of Hamilton. In the confidence 
 which his management has inspired the deposits of the 
 institution have increased from ^in,c»oto $350,000, and 
 he has erected an elegant stone bank building, four stories 
 in height, and one of the most tasteful architectural efforts 
 in the town. For many years he has been actively engaged 
 in the real estate business, and his dealings have been very 
 
 successful. Having recited the struggles of his early life, 
 it may be quite superfluous to add that he is a self-made 
 man ; and the plane to which he has gravitated may like- 
 wise be inferred from the honorable and responsible position 
 which' he has been called to occupy. He was married, 
 January 22d, 1852, to Mary, daughter of Robert Beckett, 
 one of the pioneers of Butler county. He has had eight 
 children, si,x of whom survive, three sons and three daugh- 
 ters, a son and a daughter having died. 
 
 "ROSBY, GEORGE, Merchant, was born in Phil- 
 adelphia, Pennsylvania, May 21st, 1817, and is 
 of English and Irish descent. His father died 
 when he was but six years of age, and he was in 
 consequence of that event obliged to leave school 
 at the early age of thirteen to go into business. 
 Five years later, when eighteen years of age, by great per- 
 severance and industry he was enabled to enter Marion 
 College, in Missouri. But his dearest hopes were soon 
 blasted by ill-health, which compelled him to relinquish 
 the object almost within his grasp, and on which his heart 
 was wholly centred — a classical education. When but a 
 youth he was admitted to membership in the Mercantile 
 Library Association of Philadelphia, and being a great 
 reader improved all of his leisure lime in acquiring a 
 knowledge of books, of which he had been deprived by a 
 combination of circumstances. Ere he had attained his 
 majority he allied himself with the American Sunday- 
 School Union, and has been one of the most efficient 
 j workers and organizers of that great home missionary 
 I enterprise. That which has rendered him most conspicu- 
 ous is his great executive ability. In 1841 he organized in 
 his native city the Young Men’s Temperance Society, and 
 made his first public speech ; from that society sprang, 
 under his manipulations, the first and largest Division of 
 the Sons of Temperance in Pennsylvania. It was organ- 
 ized in the spring of 1844, he being one of the charter 
 members. In the autumn of the same year he was elected 
 Grand Scribe of the State; in 1845 Grand Worthy Asso- 
 ciate; in 1846 Grand Worthy Patriarch, being the recog- 
 nized head of the order throughout the State. At the Third 
 Annual Session of the National Division, in New York 
 city, in 1846, although the youngest member of that body, 
 he was elected Most Worthy Conductor; and in 1856, at 
 Lexington, Kentucky, he was elected to the highest office 
 save one in the National Division of North America. In 
 1855 he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, and opened a book 
 store, which has since been, and is now, the head-quarters 
 of the American Sunday-School Union and of the Sons of 
 Temperance. Mr. Crosby is a steadfast, earnest and sincere 
 advocate of every reform which is destined to improve 
 society; a true and sympathizing friend of every unfortunate 
 person within the circle of his acquaintance; a genial and 
 
32 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPHLDIA. 
 
 valued companion of all his associates. In 1840 he united 
 with the P’ifth Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia. He 
 is now an elder in the First Presbyterian Church of Cin- 
 cinnati. He has been married twice : first, in 1840, to 
 Martha J. Northrop, of Philadelphia, and lastly, in 1S68, to 
 Clara A. Hewitt, of Cincinnati. 
 
 *'ORWIN, THOMAS, Lawyer and Statesman, was 
 born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, July 29th, 
 1794. In 1798 his father with his family re- 
 moved from Kentucky to Ohio and located at 
 Lebanon, Warren county, where his distinguished 
 son lived, and where his remains now repose. 
 Matthew Corwin, the father, was a representative man in 
 the legislative halls of the State and on the bench, and died 
 in 1829. During the war of 1812 Thomas Corwin, then a 
 lad of seventeen, won the title of “ The Wagoner Boy ” by 
 driving his father’s team to the frontier, carrying supplies to 
 our almost famished armies. He commenced reading law 
 In 1816, and was admitted to the bar in 1817; was ap- 
 pointed to the office of Prosecuting Attorney, March 24th, 
 1818, and performed the duties of that office till 1830. In 
 1822 his public career commenced ; in that year he was 
 elected a member of the lower House of the General As- 
 sembly of Ohio. Soon after his election, on November 
 13th, 1822, he was married to Sarah Ross, sister of the late 
 Hon. Thomas R. Ross, who served three terms in the lower 
 House of Congress. The nuptials were celebrated in the 
 same house in which he lived at the time of his death, and 
 in which his widow, Mrs. Corwin, now eighty years of age, 
 resides. Having served his term in the General Assembly, 
 he resumed the practice of his jirofession until 1829, when 
 he was again elected to the General Assembly. In 1830 
 he was elected a Representative to Congress, and continued 
 to represent his district till 1S40, when he was nominated 
 for Governor at Columbus, on February 22d, and that year 
 was elected to that office ; he resigned his seat in Congress, 
 to take effect the following May. In 1842 he was a candi- 
 date again for Governor, but was defeated. In 1845 he 
 was elected to the United States Senate. In 1850 he was 
 appointed Secretaiy of the Treasury by President Fillmore. 
 In 1858 and in i860 he was re-elected to Congress. In 
 1861 President Lincoln appointed him Minister to Mexico, 
 and he sailed for that country on April nth, 1861, one day 
 before the firing on Fort Sumter. He returned to the 
 United States in 1864, when, at the age of seventy, he 
 again commenced the practice of law in Washington City. 
 On the evening of December 15th, 1865, while attending 
 an evening party given by James C. Wetmore to the distin- 
 guished men of Ohio, among whom were Chase, Wade, 
 Sherman, Schenck, Bingham, Ward and others. Governor 
 Corwin was stricken down with apoplexy, and in two hours 
 was unconscious, and thus lingered until the l8th instant, 
 
 when he died. On the 19th instant a meeting was held in 
 the large reception-room of the Senate chamber, for the 
 purpose of giving expression to the deep sorrow of his 
 many friends. At this meeting Chief-Justice Chase pre- 
 sided. Many elegant but merited tributes were there paid 
 the honored dead. Among the speakers were Chase, 
 Seward, Sherman, Davis and others. A committee con- 
 sisting of Hons. R. B. Hays, Benjamin Eggleston, Samuel 
 Shellabarger, J. A. Garfield and Major Swain was ap- 
 pointed to accompany his remains to Ohio. They reached 
 his home on the 22d instant. The casket containing all 
 that was mortal of Ohio’s favorite son lay in state in his 
 library until the 26th instant, where it was visited by large 
 numbers of his numerous friends and admirers. On that 
 day, as the sun was descending the western hills, the last 
 funeral rites were performed, and the sorrowing multitude 
 bade a final adieu to their eloquent orator, great statesman 
 and dearly beloved friend. 
 
 RAMBLE, DAVID D., M. D., was born, Decem- 
 ber nth, 1839, at Montgomery, Hamilton county, 
 Oliio. His parents were among the early settlers 
 of the county, and of English origin. He at- 
 tended school .some little, and worked until his 
 fourteenth year, when, having gathered a little 
 money, he entered Farmers’ College, at College Hill, Ohio. 
 After completing his college course he entered the inter- 
 mediate school at Montgomery as a teacher. At the ex- 
 piration of a year and a half he was appointed principal of 
 the same school. This position he held for two years and 
 a half. During the time he was eng.aged in this school he 
 lived and studied medicine with Dr. William Jones, of 
 Montgomei'y. At the age of twenty he entered the Ohio 
 Medical College as a student. He attended two courses 
 of lectures, and graduated in the spring of 1862. Imme- 
 diately afterward he was appointed House Physician in the 
 Commercial Hospital, and served for one y'ear. In 1863 
 he located on Broadway, Cincinnati, in general practice, 
 and was at the same time appointed District Physician in 
 the Thirteenth Ward. In the fall of the same year he was 
 appointed Physician of the Pest House. This position he 
 resigned, after holding it for three years and a half. In 
 1866 he accepted the chair of Anatomy in the Cincinnati 
 College of Medicine and Surgery. During this time he 
 served as Treasurer of the college. This professorship he 
 held until 1872, when he was transferred to the chair of 
 Surgery and made Dean of the college. These two ]K)- 
 sitions he still occupies. He is a member of the American 
 Medical Association, the Ohio State Medical Society, the 
 Cincinnati Medical Society and the Cincinnati Academy 
 of Medicine. He is one of the proprietors of the Cincin- 
 nati Medical AWvs, an able medical monthly, and is one 
 of its editors. A large private practice is now enjoyed by 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOIPLDIA. 
 
 33 
 
 him, and lo it, the college and the Medical K’ervs he devotes 
 his entire attention. He has a fine liealtliy physique, is in 
 the prime of life and has doubtless yet before him a valu- 
 able career. 
 
 I^OWEKAMP, F. IP, Lawyer and Magistrate. For 
 ' all practical purposes the workings of a free gov- 
 ernment and free institutions are sufficiently illus- 
 trated by the career of Mr. F. H. Rowekamp. 
 It clearly demonstrates that energy and real worth 
 need not fail of recognition even without money 
 or friends as a basis. He is one of those who, while he 
 never despised the day of small things, was ever on the alert 
 to create circumstances by which he could not only better 
 his condition in life but raise himself morally and intellectu- 
 ally above the standard fixed for the illiterate and indigent 
 under the tyrannical governments of Europe. He is the son 
 of John and Margaret Rowekamp, of the county of Diep- 
 holf, in the kingdom of Hanover, where he was born April 
 24th, 1817. Having the misfortune to lose his father, while 
 still a child, he was under the necessity of supporting him- 
 self and the rest of the family at a very tender age; and 
 could only attend the winter school during the winter 
 months. In the summer of 1831, his mother together with 
 his uncle and his family determined on going to America. 
 They embarked on a vessel at Bremen in October of tliat 
 year, and after a tedious voyage of fourteen weeks they 
 landed at Baltimore in the beginning of January, 1832. 
 From Baltimore the party walked over the mountains to 
 Pittsburgh, and from thence proceeded to Cincinnati direct 
 by river, it being the time of the great flood. Arriving at 
 Cincinnati in the month of February without friends, with 
 but little money, and a very limited knowledge of English, 
 our readers will agree that their circumstances were not of 
 the most auspicious character ; but not being afraid to work 
 he might very soon have been seen going from house fo 
 house inquiring of the ladies in his imperfect way, “ If she 
 wanted to saw that wood ? ” when the door would often he 
 slammed in his face with a “ No.” His persistency, how- 
 ever, was soon rewarded, and he earned his first money in 
 that way. Having worn out that job, he was next employed 
 to drive a team of oxen. In November, 1832, it was his 
 misfortune to lose his beloved mother by cholera; after 
 which he moved to what is now called Avondale, where he 
 was engaged during the winter at chopping wood, and dur- 
 ing the summer at brickmaking. He was principally em- 
 ployed in this way until 1838, when he moved to the city 
 and commenced work at the .saddle-tree business, for Ba.ssett 
 & Kendle, on Ninth .street. But although during the pre- 
 vious six years he had seldom been absent from his post 
 during working hours, he had been a diligent student of the 
 English language ; the mode of procedure being as follows : 
 he would read a chapter in the German Bililc, and then 
 read and reread the same in English, until he in that way 
 
 5 
 
 became familiar with the words, and at last able to read any 
 passage, and to this fact, unimportant as it may first aj-ipear, 
 all that he has been or to-day is ; for it being known that he 
 could read both English and German, he was one day sent 
 for by Mayor Davis to translate the evidence of a German 
 witness who had been called upon to testify on some case 
 before him. This brought him into notice and inspired 
 him with confidence in his own ability to improve his mind 
 and become somebody and do something, although he was 
 fearfully abashed at first in the presence of the chief magis- 
 trate in his working clothes. After working at the saddle- 
 tree business for about one year he was married to Sarah 
 Jane Feeldon, and from that time forward worked at any- 
 thing that offered, grading streets and other laborious work. 
 But after awhile he obtained the position of boss of a squad 
 of navvies who were grading the first mile of the Little 
 Miami Railroad. Not content with this he conceived the 
 idea of commencing the trade of a mason ; and suiting his 
 action to the thought he went to work with a will, and in a 
 short time had so perfected himself that he was able to draw 
 a journeyman’s wages. Still he was not satisfied, and it was 
 well it was not so, for it induced him to take jobs on his 
 j own account, and among other pieces of work erected by 
 him we may mention the Race street canal bridge. But as 
 already intimated he was always on the outlook for some- 
 thing better while making the most of what he had. And 
 having a consciousness that he was not vet in his element, 
 
 I o ] 1 
 
 ; he was ready in April, 1844, to accept the office of Consta- 
 ble of the Ninth Ward, to which he was then and in 1845- 
 ’46-47 elected. He was a member of the City Councils 
 from the same ward in 1848-49-50. In April, 1848, he 
 was also appointed Deputy-Sheriff. During his term in the 
 council he studied law in the office of Furguson & Hodge, 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1853. From December 2d, 
 1850, to 1865, a period of fifteen years, he was elected and 
 re-elected a magistrate. He was elected a member of the 
 School Board in 1855, and in that unthankful but responsi- 
 ble position he labored with untiring devotion for ten years. 
 Having suffered enough for want of early advantages to 
 make him appreciate them, he did everything in his power 
 to perfect the system of the city schools ; in fact many of 
 the excellent rules now in force owe their paternity to him. 
 ' In 1872 the confidence and esteem of his many friends were 
 I again manifest by his election to the magistracy. Having 
 j lost his first wife, Mr. Rowekamp was married the second 
 time in 1852 to Ellen Miller, daughter of the late William 
 Miller, of Greene township. The frequent re-elections to the 
 .same office which have characterized the public career of 
 Esquire Rowekamp is the best mark of appreciation that a 
 generous public can bestow, anrl when we contemplate the 
 piecemeal educational discipline to which he was compelled 
 to subject himself, long after he had become of age, in 
 order to qualify himself for the responsible jrositions he has 
 held, we arc at a loss lo know which most to admire, the 
 
 I . . 
 
 , high aims, the energy, and the untiring pursuit of an object 
 
34 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 ill the man, or the institutions of a broad, free and noble 
 country which permits one to pass for all he is worth. We 
 leave our readers to compile a mental analysis of the .suliject 
 of this notice from the salient points of his history, and only 
 add that all through his busy career he has found time to 
 attend to religious as well as secular duties ; and never fails 
 to range himself on the side of the moral and the right. 
 He is a man of strong common sense, and is one of those 
 ])ractical men who make few mistakes because they first 
 make sure they are right and then go ahead. He forms 
 very strong attachments, and has gathered about him a host 
 of warm friends. 
 
 ILLIAMSON, PAUL PL, Recorder of Hamilton 
 county, Ohio, w.as born, May 28th, 1837, in Cole- 
 rain township, in the same county, and was the 
 second of four children whose parents were David 
 Williamson and Elizabeth Huston. The former, 
 a native of New Jersey, at the age of nine mouths, 
 was brought by his parents to this township in l8il,and 
 there he has since resided. A sketch of his interesting- life 
 will be found in its appropriate place in this volume. His 
 wife was a native of Hamilton county, her family having 
 been among the earliest pioneers to the West. Paul, their 
 son, was liberally educated, and perfected his studies at 
 P’armers’ College. Plis first occupation was that of teach- 
 ing, for which he had an unusual aptitude not only in man- 
 ner but in method as well, and for nine months the duties 
 of this position confined his attention. In May, 1S57, he 
 went to Iowa and found employment in agricultural pur- 
 suits, and in the fall of that year, with three friends, travelled 
 by wagon through the greater part of this State, Missouri 
 and Kansas. Reaching Aviston, Illinois, the same year, 
 he was selected as teacher of a flourishing school, and re- 
 mained here during the ensuing winter. In April, 1S58, 
 in company with a friend he started overland to California, 
 meeting at Leavenworth an emigrant train which he accom- 
 panied to the same destination. Their route was via Santa 
 I'e and the thirty-fifth parallel. Lieutenant Beale’s route 
 across New Mexico, and while on this wearisome journey 
 
 the party were attacked on the Colorado river by Indians 
 and eight were slain. They lost their wagons and stock, 
 and through a gauntlet of hostile Indians, and suffering the 
 most exquisite privations, were compelled to return eaT, a 
 distance of seven hundred miles, to Albuquerque. At Albu- 
 (pierque Mr. Williamson left the party, taking his way to 
 Itl Paso, Mexico, remaining there two weeks, and then join- 
 ing a Mexican wagon train to San Antonio, Texas. In a 
 .short time he left this place for Sequin, Texas, where for 
 nine months he taught school. In the fall of 1859 he made 
 the journey to Columbia, Arkansas, on horseback, where he 
 a^ain became teacher, and filled this station with great suc- 
 ce.ss until the breaking out of the civil war. Thence he 
 proceeded to New Orleans, again north to St. Louis, arriv- 
 
 ing at this place shortly after the cajiture of Fort Sumter, 
 and then returned to Cincinnati, where he has since resided. 
 From February, 1870, until 1874, he acted as Deputy Clerk 
 of the Probate Court of Hamilton county. In October, 
 1873, he was elected County Recorder, and still retains that 
 responsible office. He was married, November l, 1870, to 
 Ada Jack, a daughter of a pioneer of Clermont county, (Jhio, 
 and is the father of two children. He is a Democrat. His 
 life has been one filled with startling incidents and romantic 
 episodes. 
 
 TALLO, JOHN BERNARD, Lawyer and Author, 
 was born March i6th, 1823, at Sierhauseu, in the 
 Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, Germany, where his 
 father was a school teacher. After receiving his 
 elementary education he was carefully trained in 
 the ancient languages and mathematics. In 1839 
 he emigrated to the United .States, and at first took up his 
 abode at Cincinnati, where, after having charge of a private 
 school for a few months, he became a teacher in St. Xavier's 
 College, then recently established. There he devoted all 
 his leisure hours to the study of mathematics, physics, and 
 chemistry, and in the fall of 1843 was appointed Profes.sor 
 of Physics and Chemistry in St. John’s College, New York. 
 In this capacity he served until the end of 1847, when, after 
 publishing his “General Principles of the Philosophy of 
 Nature” (Boston, 1848), he entered upon the study of the 
 law, and returned to Cincinnati. He was admitted to the 
 bar in 1849, *853 was appointed by Governor Wood 
 
 to fill a vacancy in the Court of Common Pleas and District 
 Courts of Hamilton county, Ohio. In the fall of the same 
 year he was elected to the same position by the people, but 
 resigned in 1855 and resumed the practice of the law, in 
 which he has been engaged ever since, having never sought 
 or held any office other than the judicial one above referred 
 to, except that he was for a number of years a member of 
 the Board of Examiners of the Public Schools, and is now 
 one of the Trustees of the University of Cincinnati. In 
 1S70 he was of counsel for the Board of Education, in the 
 city of Cincinnati, in the case of Minor and others i/j. The 
 Board of Education, involving the cjueslion whether or not 
 a resolution passed by the board to prohibit the reading of 
 the Bible and other religious exercises in the public schools, 
 supported by the general taxation of all the inhabitants of 
 the State, without distinction of creed, was valid. His 
 argument, with those of his colleagues and opponents, may 
 be found in a volume, entitled “ The Bible in the Public 
 .Schools,” published by Robert Clark & Co., Cincinnati. 
 Judge Stallo is .also an occasional contributor to the scien- 
 tific and other monthlies, such as the “ Popular Science 
 Monthly,” writing chiefly on scientific subjects. He has 
 but rarely taken any part in political movements. Drigin- 
 ally a Democrat, ho advocated the election of General 
 Fremont in 1S56, and continued to act with the Rcirublican 
 

 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 35 
 
 party until 1S72, when he sympathized with the reform 
 movement whicli culminated in the Cincinnati Convention ; 
 hut being dissatisfied with the action of that convention, 
 retired, after delivering a speech in St. Louis, in which the 
 grounds of his opposition to General Schurz and others were 
 stated. 
 
 |OLFF, CHARLFS IL, Wholesale Dry-Goods Mer- 
 chant, was born in Lippe Detmold, Prussia, in 
 1824. Ilis parents, who were well educated and 
 highly respectable people, emigrated with their 
 family to America and settled at Windsor, Canada, 
 opposite Detroit, Michigan, where Charles enjoyed 
 the advantages of a good classical academy, and was also 
 for some time under the instruction of a private tutor. He 
 made rapid progress in his studies, and laid a good founda- 
 tion for the thorough knowledge he afterwards gained 
 through self-culture of the Icngli.->h, German, and French 
 languages and mathematics; for, although at the head of 
 a great business establishment from a very early period of 
 his life, he has always found time by a judicious use of spare 
 moments to prosecute scientific and literary studies. In 
 biblical learning especially, embracing history, chronology, 
 geography, and doctrines, few laymen have made such pro- 
 gress. For twenty-five years he has taught and is still 
 teaching one of the largest Bible classes ever organized in 
 the State, and with such marked success and wide reputa- 
 tion that he was three times in succession elected President 
 of the Ohio State Sunday-School Association, an organiza- 
 tion embracing all the evangelical denominations of the 
 State. In this position Mr. Wolff gained a most enviable 
 reputation as a presiding officer. His firmness, promptness, 
 and great executive talents, together with a thorough knowl- 
 edge of rules of order, combined to make him remarkably 
 successful and efficient as the chairman of a large delibera- 
 tive body. Under his lead, during this jreriod of three 
 years, the work of organization for the promotion of Sunday 
 
 school interests was carried on with an enthusiasm through- 
 out the State unknown before or since. At the age of fifteen 
 he came to Cincinnati and was employed as a clerk in a 
 dry-goods house, where he rose so rapidly in the confidence 
 and esteem of his employers that, at the end of two years, the 
 firm honored him with their power of attorney, and from 
 that time he conducted the entire business correspondence 
 of the house. In his twentieth year he was admitted as a 
 partner, and soon after laid the foundations of what is now 
 one of the leading wholesale dry-goods houses of the West. 
 
 1 he firm is now composed of the brothers Charles IL, 
 George IL, Alfred, and William F. Wolff, 131 and 133 
 Race street, Cincinnati. In 1840, when but sixteen years 
 old, Mr. Wolff became a member of the Methodist Episco- 
 pal Church, and has always taken ar. active interest in the 
 affairs of the denomination, especially in educational and 
 Sunday-school work. As a leading representative layman 
 
 of that communion he has been much before the public as 
 a lecturer on Sunday-school and other moral and relig- 
 ious topics. lie has also written largely and with marked 
 ability for various periodicals of the church. His contribu- 
 tions of illustrated black-boarel lessons for Sunday-schools, 
 with original designs by himself, to the early volumes of the 
 “ Golden Hours ” will be remembered as a leading feature 
 of that magazine as long as they W’ere continued. In 1846 
 he was married to Sarah A., daughter of Rev. L. Sworm- 
 stedt, widely known as Senior Agent for many years of the 
 Methodist Book Concern, Cincinnati. Three sons and two 
 daughters are the fruit of this happy and congenial union. 
 Their home is at Mt. Washington, one of the beautiful sub- 
 urban villages for which Cincinnati is so justly celebrated. 
 The family residence is a noble mansion surrounded by a 
 charming park of many acres of very great natural beauty, 
 but which, under the liberal and artistic cultivation of the 
 proprietor, has become a most charming and elegant villa. 
 Not the least attractive feature of the establishment is the 
 library, an unusually large and well-selected one, embracing 
 a very wdde range of subjects. Here Mr. W'olff delights to 
 spend his leisure liours, being still an enthusiastic student 
 of the sciences, languages, and general literature; a fact 
 w'hich goes far to account for the freshness, elasticity and 
 vigor of his mental faculties at an age wdien many business 
 men begin to show symptoms of decline. He has been 
 throughout his life a warm, earnest friend to young men 
 w’ho were struggling to make their w'ay in life and carve 
 out their own fortunes. His owm example, however, care- 
 fully studied, is worth far more to such than any pecuniary 
 assistance could be. It illustrates what energy, pluck and 
 perseverance can accomplish in a country in which there is 
 no royal road to eminence in any department of life. It 
 shows how a stainless character tells in the long run on 
 even business success. It proclaims aloud in the ears of 
 young men especially the importance of good personal 
 habits — halrits of temperance, regularity, frugality. It also 
 proves that Christian activity is no hinderance but rather a 
 help to diligence and success in business. It shows how' a 
 life devoted to well-doing in earnest labors for the good of 
 mankind may be one at the same time of great enterprises. 
 It is in short an example that may well inspire in young 
 men increasing faith in the Divine saying, “ Them that 
 honor me, I wdll honor,” — a law as absolute and unvarying 
 as that which regulates the rising and setting of the sun. 
 
 ILLIAMS, ELKANAH, A. M., M. D., Ophthal- 
 mologist, was born in Lawrence county, Indiana, 
 December 19th, 1822. His father. Captain Isaac 
 Williams, was a soldier under General Jackson 
 o in the war of 1812. He was one of the early 
 
 settlers of tiie State of Indiana, and one of her 
 most esteemed and wealthy farmers. His mother was a 
 
ifj 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 woman of rare traits of cnaracter, many of which Ur. Wil- 
 liams inherited. Very early in life he took a fancy for the 
 .study of medicine, and urged his father to put him in school 
 that he might begin his preparation for that profession. 
 Accordingly at the age of ten he entered the seminary at 
 Bedford. Here he laid the foundation of his collegiate 
 education. Until his twenty-first year his time was passed 
 in school, in teaching, and in working on his father’s farm. 
 He then entered college, and after four years of hard 
 study graduated in 1S47 ^1 Asbury University, at Green 
 Castle, then under the Presidency of Bishop Simpson. 
 After graduation he immediately returned home and began 
 the study of medicine according to his boyish fancy. After 
 a year’s study with the leading physician of Bedford he was 
 married to Sarah L. Parmer, and removed to Louisville, 
 Reiitucky, in order to attend the lectures in the university 
 tliere ; at the same time remaining two years under the 
 private tutorage of Professor T. G. Richardson ; also 
 deriving no small assistance from Professor S. D. Gross, 
 who enjoyed a widespread surgical reputation. In the 
 spring of 1850 he graduated and received the degree of 
 M. D. from the university. He now returned to Indiana 
 and commenced the successful practice of his profession. 
 In the course of two years, his wife dying, he again went to 
 Louisville, and attended a third course of lectures at the 
 university; this time enjoying the office instructions of Pro- 
 fessor Gross. Inspired by Dr. Gross’s eminent e.xample, he 
 conceived a strong taste for the study of surgery, and oph- 
 thalmology especially. In the spring of 1852 Dr. Williams 
 located in Cincinnati, and in the fall of the same year 
 crossed the Atlantic in order to pursue his medical studies 
 in the great schools of Europe. This was a step in his 
 early plan, and to prepare for this partly he made himself 
 master of the German language before leaving this country. 
 He first visited Paris in order to study French. By labor- 
 ious study and daily attendance at the hospital clinics, he 
 was soon able to speak the French and fully comprehend 
 the medical lectures in that language. His chief object 
 being the thorough study of ophthalmology, he was for 
 eighteen months a daily attendant at the clinics of the dis- 
 tinguished Desmarres. During this time he lost no oppor- 
 tunity of improving his general medical and surgical 
 knowledge. In 1854110 crossed over from Paris to London, 
 and faithfully devoted himself to his special study under 
 Bowman, Critchett, Dixon, and others in the London 
 Royal Ophthalmic Hospital. About this time the wonder- 
 ful ophthalmoscope was discovered by Helmholtz, at Heidel- 
 berg, and Dr. Williams had become thoroughly acquainted 
 with its use at the clinics of Desmarres, in Paris ; yet it had 
 not found its way to London, and to Dr. Williams was 
 left the rare pleasure of introducing it to the profession in 
 that city. This fortunate circumstance, and his professional 
 enthusiasm, secured for him a w'arm reception and the valu- 
 able instruction and lasting friendship of the leading oph- 
 thalmic surgeons of London. Leaving London in 1854, he 
 
 went to Vienna, where ophthalmology had first been taught 
 as a separate branch of medical science by the famous 
 Beer, who defined amaurosis as a “ disease in \r Inch the 
 patient sees nothing and the doctor sees nothing.” Then 
 there was no ophthalmoscope. In Vienna Dr. Williams 
 enjoyed the advantages of the instructions of Rosas, Jaeger, 
 and Stellwagvon Carion,men distinguished in his specialty. 
 Prom Vienna he went to Prague to profit by communication 
 with Professor Arlt, who now fills the chair of ophthalmol- 
 ogy in the university at Vienna. After a few weeks’ stay 
 in Prague he was attracted to Berlin to attend the most 
 popular clinics in Europe — those of Albrecht von Graefe. 
 Here he remained several months, and a warm personal 
 friendship sprang up between himself and this great oph- 
 thalmologist. P'inally returning to Cincinnati in the spring 
 of 1855, he opened an office for the exclusive treatment of 
 diseases of the eye and ear. This was against the advice 
 of his professional brethren, who predicted failure for any 
 specialist. Dr. Whlliams is the pioneer ophthalmologist in 
 America, and Cincinnati, therefore, has the honor of intro- 
 ducing this new science to the western world. Notwith- 
 standing the confidence reposed in him by the medical 
 profession, his progress was at first necessarily slow; and 
 the remarkable fact may here be recorded that the first .six 
 months of professional career in Cincinnati brought him but 
 one patient and five dollars in' money, not paying his ex- 
 penses the first two years. In 1856 he was invited to con- 
 duct the eye clinics in the Miami Medical College. Now 
 his private ]:ractice began to increase. The pioneer chair 
 of opihthalmology was established in this country in the 
 Miami Medical ' College. This chair in the college Dr. 
 Williams has always filled. All respectable medical insti- 
 tutions of the country have followed the example of this 
 one. To the writings and labors of Dr. Williams must be 
 put the credit of this advance of medical science in Amer- 
 ica. For twelve years he was ophthalmologist to the 
 Cincinnati Hospital. This position his growing private 
 practice compelled him- to resign. During the war he was 
 Surgeon for the Marine Hosjrital ; but in 1S62 he again 
 visited Europe for the purpose of attending the Ophthalmo- 
 logical Congress at Baris. Before this assemblage he read 
 an important paper which was published in its proceedings. 
 In 1866 he made his third trip to Europe to meet the oph- 
 thalmologists. FJr. Williams has contributed largely to 
 American and foreign journals, and is now arranging the 
 materials for a work to embody the results of his research 
 and vast practice. Dr. Williams’ succe.ss has gone far be- 
 yond his most sanguine expectations, his reputation extend- 
 ing over the entire nation, and his private practice being 
 simply immense. In 1872 he made another trip to Europe 
 to assist at the OphthalmologiCal Congress held that year in 
 London. Out of deference for Dr. Williams, who has done 
 so much for this great cause, and other American ophthal- 
 mologists attending that Congress, it was decided to hold 
 the next meeting of that august body in New York citv, in 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 37 
 
 1876. This, of course, will be its first meeting in A^merica. 
 Dr. Williams is a member of the American Ophthalmologi- 
 cal Society, the Universal Ophthalmological Congress, the 
 American Medical Association, the Ohio State Medical 
 Society, the Cincinnati Medical Society, and the Cincin- 
 ncati Academy of Medicine. In April, 1857, he was mar- 
 ried to Sallie B. McGrew. The history of ophthalmic 
 science in A\menca is largely embraced in the life of Dr. 
 Williams. Few .American surgeons enjoy, so deservedly, 
 sach a widespread reputation, and yet no man bears more 
 unaffectedly and quietly such distinction. The accompany- 
 ing portrait depicts a character without a line of vanity, nor 
 vaunts a word of all the man has done. It is the face of a 
 Christian. 
 
 LLEN, MaARSTON, Merchant, was born at Barn- 
 stable, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, May iilh, 1789 
 Ills father, John Allyn, was descended from a 
 Welsh family who emigrated to America some 
 two hundred years previous to the birth of our 
 subject. His educational advantages were lim- 
 ited. His native place afforded little scope for the exercise 
 of that inherent energy so characteristic of his later years, 
 and at the age of fourteen he went to Boston, where he 
 obtained a situation in a hardware store. He subsequently 
 became salesman in the store of a leading paper hanger of 
 that city, and while there devoted his evenings to the 
 acquirement of a practical knowledge of the business from 
 one of the journeymen. By 1812 they had saved between 
 them a sufficient sum to warrant the formation of a copart- 
 nership, and they engaged in business on their own account. 
 He married in Boston and there united with the Baptist 
 Church ; but he afterward became familiar with the writings 
 of Swedenborg, warmly embraced his doctrines, and was 
 brought under the discipline of his church. L^pon his re- 
 fusal to recant, that body pronounced the sentence of 
 expulsion ; his former pastor. Rev. Dr. .Sharp, acquiescing 
 in the decision on the ground that under the church rules it 
 could not do otherwise, but earnestly soliciting the pres- 
 ervation of the close personal intimacy v. h ch had existed, 
 and which was continued with the utmo.st cordiality until 
 1818, when Mr. Allen left Boston to explore the western 
 El Dorado. He w.as so favorably impressed with Cincin- 
 nati that he removed his family — consisting of wife and two 
 sons — thither the following year, and in addition to his 
 regular business, eng.aged successively and with limited 
 success in dry goods, pork packing, and manufacture of 
 n.ails. Several of his outsiile speculations, notably that of a 
 tobacco merchant, proved unsuccessful, and he learned 
 therefrom a useful le.sson. Having finally prepared him- 
 self by a long-continued, extended, and thorough course of 
 re.ading and study, he embarked in the drug business in 
 1824. The terrible fire of the winter of 1826 swept away 
 his all ; but he was not overwhelmed by this catastrophe. 
 
 and upon the ruins rose another w.arehouse in which for 
 many years the firm of Allen & Co. carried on the drug 
 business in connection with paper hanging. This firm 
 founded the Cincinnati Laboratory, and in 1840 the busi- 
 ness was divided, Mr. Allen taking the drug store at Fifth 
 and Main streets. Shortly after this he suffered from an- 
 other disastrous fire,- but the same indomitable energy 
 triumphed over adversity, and from the ashes sprang an- 
 other structure more complete in all its appointments than 
 its predecessor. As the years rolled on he reaped the just 
 rewards of integrity, perseverance, and an intimate knowl- 
 edge of human nature, and he lived to enjoy the abundant 
 fruits of his labors. He was blessed with two other sons 
 after his removal to Cincinnati, and of the four three sur- 
 vive and .succeed him in business at the old stand, all known 
 as men of culture, integrity, and true benevolence. Marston 
 Allen was a man of sterling integrity, decided and indepen- 
 dent, but as unassuming as he was benevolent. He never 
 aspired to nor accepted political office, but devoted his 
 energies to business pursuits, the training of his sons for 
 usefulness in life, and the promotion of those charitable 
 objects commending themselves to his judgment. Being a 
 practical mechanic, he became one of the originators of the 
 Ohio Mechanics’ Institute. Subsequently, when it was 
 financially embarrassed, he and Miles Greenwood, by muni- 
 ficent donations, saved it for its future career of usefulness. 
 The institute proposed to recognize this spirit of true philan- 
 thropy by placing his portrait in the proscenium at Green- 
 wood Hall, but it was only after a long and persistent 
 solicitation that he yielded a reluctant consent, and it there 
 stands to remind young, and old of the value and durability 
 of the lessons inculcated by j ure hearts and noble lives. 
 He was long an active member of the New Jerusalem 
 Church, and for some ye.ars previous to his death lived in 
 retirement at Glendale, surrounded by his family and a 
 circle of devoted friends. He passed away August 12th, 
 1868, mourned alike by rich and poor. His deeds of love 
 are green in the memory of all who knew him and a))])re- 
 ciated them for their unostentatious performance. He was 
 honored by the great, and loved, revered, and deplorcil by 
 those in the humbler walks of life. 
 
 |ISHOP, RICHARD M., Wholesale Grocer, was 
 born November 4th, 1812, in Fleming county, 
 Kentucky. His parents were from Virginia, and 
 of German and English lineage. He was bred to 
 merchandising, and for many years carried on 
 business in his native .State. In 1848 he removed 
 to Cincinnati and commenced the wholesale grocery busi- 
 ness at No. 8 Public Landing, under the style of Bishoj-), 
 Wells & Co., which, on the retirement of Mr. Wells, in. 
 1855, was changed to that of R. M. Bishop & Co. The 
 firm i.s now composed of himself (Richard M.j and three 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 sons, viz. : W. T., R. II., and J. A. They are now doing 
 Business at Nos. 85 and 87 Race street, and it is one of the 
 most extensive grocery houses in the West, their sales some 
 years amounting to nearly $5,000,000. It is rarely that a 
 merchant with such heavy business interests devolving upon 
 him has been so largely in iniblic life. Honors and respon- 
 sibilities have been thrust upon him, not sought. In 1857 
 he was elected to the Common Council, and in the succeed- 
 ing year his fellow-members chose him their President. In 
 1S59 he was elected Mayor of Cincinnati, which ofiice he 
 held until 1861, when he declined a renomination succes- 
 sively tendered him by each of the political parties. During 
 his administration many remarkable events occurred, and it 
 was characterized by wisdom, courage, and an active inter- 
 est in everything that looked to tlie material and social 
 prosperity and uplniilding of the city. In January, 1S60, 
 when the Union was threatened by the leaders of the rebel- 
 lion, the Legislatures of Oliio, Indiana, Kentucky, and 
 Tennessee visited Cincinnati to encourage each other to 
 stand by the old flag. At the grand reception given them 
 at Pike’s Opera House, Mayor Bi^liop made an address of 
 welcome amid a storm of applause. In the September en- 
 suing His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales visited 
 Cincinnati at the invitation of the Mayor, and received from 
 him a cordial welcome. In I-'ebruary, 1861, when Presi- 
 dent Lincoln was passing, on his w’ay to his inauguration, 
 through Cincinnati, he W'as received in a speech by the 
 Mayor. Mayor Bishop presided at the great Union meeting 
 lield in Cincinnati the same year. During his administra- 
 tion the laws were rigidly enforced, of wdiich the Sunday 
 ordinance and those against gambling houses were notable 
 examples. Liquor selling and various other forms of Sab- 
 bath desecration were in the main suppressed. He inaugu- 
 rated amid much opposition most important reforms in the 
 management of the city prison, work-house, and police. 
 Mr. Bishop has become widely known for his liberality and 
 devotion to the Christian Church, of which he has long 
 been a most conspicuous ami honored memirer. P'rom 
 1859 to 1869 he was President of the Dhio State Mission.ary 
 Society, and was the successor of the late Dr. Alexander 
 Campbell in the Presidency of the General Christian Mis- 
 sionary Convention, which office he held until 1875. 
 is President of the Board of Curators of Kentucky Univer- 
 sity; is also one of the Curators of Bethany College ; was 
 for many years Trustee of the INIcMicken University; is 
 Director of the First National Rank and several insurance 
 and other business as well as philanthropic institutions. 
 He was a member of the Ohio Constitutional Convention 
 of 1873-74. He was President of the Great National 
 Commercial Convention, held at Baltimore in 1871. He 
 was one of the prime movers in that great enterprise, the 
 Cincinnati Southern Railroad, wdiich is being so success- 
 fully managed, having been a Trustee from the Ireginning. 
 The laborious work of obtaining charters for the road was 
 largely his. P'ew men in the State can point to so many 
 
 substantial benefits conferred upon society as the results of 
 their single labors. Prompt decision, constant industry, 
 sound judgment, and a desire to benefit his fellow-men, 
 accompanied by a frank, hearty address, are his great char- 
 acteristics. 
 
 HATFIELD, WILLIAM HENRY, Paper Man- 
 ufacturer and Merchant, was born July i6th, 
 1828, at Middlebury, Summit county, Ohio. 
 His parents, Leonard Ch.rtfield and Nancy P. 
 Clark, were from Waterbury, Connecticut. When 
 he W'as in his fourth ye.ar the family removed to 
 Cincinnati, w here his father engaged in the occupation of 
 master of a steamboat in the New Orleans trade. At thir- 
 teen years of age, having been left an orphan, he entered 
 as an errand boy in the P'ireman’s Insurance Company, and 
 thenceforth entirely supported himself. In his leisure 
 hours, by close application, he remedied the deficiencies of 
 his education, p'rom the age of seventeen to that of twenty- 
 five he was engaged in the Cincinnati Post-Office, rising in 
 the interim from an inferior | osition to one wherein he was 
 given the entire charge of the delivery department, with 
 the .salary of $1200 per annum. In 1853, on the advent of 
 Dr. J. L. Vattier as PMstmaster, he was offered a higher 
 position, with a salary doubled. Wishing to learn the mer- 
 cantile business, and feeling that the remaining a mere 
 government official would prove the grave of his ambition, 
 he refused, and accepted the position of clerk in the paper 
 warehouse of Nixon & Co., at $600 per annum. By the 
 end of the year he became Bookkeeper and General Man- 
 ager. The next year the firm was reorganized, the business 
 trebled, and he shared in the profits. In 1857 he became 
 a full partner, the firm-name Nixon &• Chatfield. In i860 
 Mr. William Woods, a native of Maryland, a brother-in- 
 law' of Mr. Chatfield, entered the firm ; and in 1865 the 
 present film of Chatfield & Woods w'as formed, and is now 
 doing business at No. 25 West P'ourth street, Cincinnati. 
 When Mr. Chatfield entered the paper business, in 1853, it 
 W'as a small branch of manufacture. Now it is second only 
 to that of iron ; the capital involved in paper mills alone in 
 the country being $60,000,000. Their establishment is the 
 heaviest in the West. They have two mills, and their sales 
 as manufacturers and dealers amount annually to about 
 $1,500,000. The manufacture of paper bags is a heavy 
 item w'ith them. They w’ere the first to introduce machin- 
 ery in the West for the purpose, being the sole lessees 
 under the Rice Patent. They were the first, also, in the 
 West to manufacture paper from straw. In 1857, rags for 
 paper manufacture having become so scarce that it threat- 
 ened the annihilation of this industry, they began experi- 
 ments with straw' as a substitute; the late far-seeing M. D. 
 Potter, of the Cincinnati Commercial, for the printing of 
 his sheet, agreeing to take all the straw paper they could 
 manufacture. They expended in experiments about $75,000. 
 

 
 
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 Put Co. S’hllaMP^'^’ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 39 
 
 Now so successful have been these efforts that there is 
 scarcely a Jaily sheet in the country but what prefers the 
 straw paper. Cincinnati and vicinity .is now the great 
 paper centre of the West, supplying largely Chicago, St. 
 I.ouis, and the South with the finest book and writing 
 papers as well as the commoner article. On November 23d, 
 1854, Mr. Chatficld married with Mary A. Disney, daughter 
 of William Disney, of Cincinnati. She died December 
 31st, 1S69, leaving two children, Albert II. and Mary K. 
 
 QAo'c) 
 
 cj/^VTRAUCM, ADOLPH, Superintendent of Spring 
 Grove Cemetery and the Public Parks of Cincin- 
 nati, was born, August 30lh, 1822, at Eckersdorf, 
 near Glatz, in the Prussian province of Silesia, his 
 parents being natives of that country, wliere they 
 died. At the age of sixteen he entered zealously 
 upon what has since been his favorite study, the art of land- 
 scape gardening. This he pursued in the Austrian domin- 
 ions for six years, under prominent masters in the imperial 
 gardens at Vienna, Schoenbrunn and Lixenberg. In 1845 
 he started on a tour of inspection through Germany, Hol- 
 land and Belgium, spending about six months in Berlin, 
 Hamburg and Amsterdam. At the conclusion of this pro- 
 fitable tour he remained for about three months in the 
 celebrated horticultural establishment of Louis Van Houtte, 
 near the city of Ghent. Paris, that great centre of taste and 
 refinement, was now his objective point, and here he spent 
 three years in the culture and perfection of his professional 
 taste. At the breaking out of the Revolution of 1848 he 
 went to England and passed three years in the vicinity of 
 the world’s metropolis, being last employed in the Royal 
 Botanic Society’s Gardens, Regent’s Park, London. At the 
 expiration of this period he started for America, and landed 
 at Galveston, Texas, November 5th, 1851. During the 
 winter succeeding his arrival he travelled through the 
 western portion of that State, stopping at San Antonio and 
 other places, and in the spring following went North by 
 way of New Orleans to Cincinnati, where he made an en- 
 g.agement with the late R. B. Bowler, a gentleman of great 
 taste, and an entluisiastic admirer of arboriculture and land- 
 scape gardening. During the two years he remained at 
 Clifton he inaugurated the lawn system, which continued by 
 others has made the environs of the Queen City the rival 
 unrivalled of any in the world. His Royal Highness the 
 Prince of Wales visited this spot during his travels in the 
 United States in i860, and expre.ssed himself much de- 
 lighted with the Bowler Place, as it reminded him of old 
 England. In 1854, after making a tour of the United States 
 and Canada, he returned to Cincinnati to take charge of 
 Spring Grove Cemetery, where he has continued to reside, 
 and where his genius has enabled him to present the noblest 
 effects of landscape gardening as applicable to the adorn- 
 ment of rural cemeteries. His courteous manner, united 
 
 with the refinement of his education, has won for him the 
 highest esteem. To him is due the honor of having origin- 
 ated the landscape lawn method for the development of 
 rural cemeteries in this country. It is a curious and interest- 
 ing circumstance that this idea may be traced to the Chinese, 
 dating back to a period long anterior to the Christian era, 
 and that its application and modification in its present form 
 was suggested to Adolph Strauch by no less an intermediary 
 than the celebrated natural philosopher, Alexander Von 
 Humboldt, in whose “Cosmos” every page may be found 
 pleasing and instructive. In 1863 Adolph Strauch crossed 
 the Atlantic on a tour of inspection to most of the principal 
 public and royal parks, zoological gardens, agricultural col- 
 lege grounds and rural cemeteries, a description of which 
 was given by his travelling companion, Charles L. Flint, in 
 his eleventh annual report as Secretary of the Massachusetts 
 State Board of Agriculture, and also in the “ History of 
 Spring Grove Cemetery,” compiled by Adolph Strauch and 
 published by Robert Clarke & Co. in 1869. For twenty 
 years he has devoted much of his own time and money to 
 the importation of rare and useful birds and water-fow Is, 
 which, having been successfully acclimated and reared, can 
 now be seen in large numbers by every visitor to the ceme- 
 tery, and from which he has donated many .specimens to 
 various parks and public institutions throughout the country. 
 The services of this master have since been called into reipii- 
 sition by many cities of the American Union, viz. : Nash- 
 ville, Hartford, Chicago, Buffalo, Detroit, Cleveland and 
 others. Judge Walker, of Detroit, in delivering the in- 
 augural address of Wood mere Cemetery, near that city, used 
 the following flattering comment : “ No man has done more 
 for the correction and cultivation of the public taste in this 
 particular than Adolph Strauch, Superintendent of Spring 
 Grove Cemetery, near Cincinnati.” What Spring Grove 
 has done for that place was well expressed by the Hon. 
 Lewis F. Allen at the dedication of h'orest Lawn Cemetery, 
 Buffalo, in 1866, from which the following is an extract : 
 “ Were I, of all cemeteries within my knowledge, to point 
 you to one taking precedence as a model, it would be that 
 of Spring Grove, near Cincinnati.” . . . Again : “ Intrusted 
 with its superintendence, and guided by his genial ta.ste, 
 during the time of his administration hundreds of individual 
 lot enclosures, with their forbidding gates and locks, have 
 been voluntarily swept away by their proprietors; and in 
 their places broad undulations of green turf, stately avenues 
 and tasteful monuments, intermingled with noble trees and 
 groups of shrubbery, now meet the eye, conferring a grace 
 and dignity which no cemetery in our country has yet 
 equalled — thus blending the elegance of a park with the 
 pensive beauty of a burial-place.” Nor should its financial 
 success be overlooked. Since the adoption of his ])lan 
 of improvement the current expenses have all been paid 
 from the sale of lots ; about 400 acres of additional territory 
 have been added, for which over ^330,000 have been paid, 
 and an improvement fund of over $100,000 still remains in 
 
40 
 
 IJIOGRAPIIICAL ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 the treasury, which it is Strauch’s intention to increase to a 
 sum the interest of which will suffice to keep Spring Grove 
 Cemetery in perpetual order after all lots shall have been 
 taken up. Thus a system of improvement is established by 
 our subject which will last through all time, and under which 
 the dead may rest secure while the living enjoy its purifying 
 and refining influences. 
 
 ra 
 
 TRAUB, WALTER FERRY, Lawyer and Judge, 
 was born on the 13th of February, 1834, at Milton, 
 Northumberland county, Pennsylvania. This town 
 was fotmded by his grandfather, Andrew Straub, 
 in 1791. Here also were born his father, Isaac 
 Straub, and his mother, Anne .Straub. They sur- 
 vive still in the enjoyment of a green old age, living a few 
 miles from Cincinnati, in Kentucky. In .\pril, 1S38, the 
 family went to Cincinnati to live, where the subject of this 
 sketch has ever since resided. At an early age Walter entered 
 one of the district schools of the ]}ublic school system of Cin- 
 cinnati. When the “ Central School” (the nucleus of the 
 present High School of Cincinnati) was established he was 
 one of tlie boys selected, after a rigid examination, to enter 
 upon the advanced course there. He remained a pupil there 
 until 1848, when, at the age of fourteen, he found it necessary 
 to commence work for a living. From that time until 1853 
 he was, by turns, errand boy, clerk and bookkeeper. During 
 1853 he w.as engineer at h.is father’s factory. He had early 
 developed a taste for writing and considerable ability in the 
 expression of his ideas, and by this time had become a con- 
 triluitor to the newspaper press of his city. During all this 
 time he was a devoted student at nights, which, he has told 
 the writer of this sketch, “ yielded good fruit.” In 1S54 he 
 took the first important step of his life, entering the office 
 of Hon. Henry Stanbery as a law student. He was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1857, and remained at it until the war 
 of the rebellion 1 )roke out, when he entered the Union army 
 as Aide-de-Camp to General McCook. He was compelled 
 to leave the service, however, in about a year by reason of 
 ill-health, which was l)rought about by an attack of typhoid 
 fever, contracted on the march to Shiloh, in whicli action 
 he participated. He returned to Cincinnati, where several 
 months of home nursing restored him to comparative health, 
 although he has never since been jffiysically rugged. In 
 the spring of 1863 he was elected City Prosecutor by the 
 Re]uil)licans. At that time the writer’s acquaintance with 
 him commenced. He discharged the onerous and important 
 duties of this position with such ability and fidelity that he 
 was re-elected for two years in 1S65. In 1867, on the ex- 
 piration of his second term as Prosecutor, he was rewarded 
 for his fidelity and manly course in that place by election by 
 the Republican party to the office of Judge of the Police 
 Court, which he held for three terms — of two years each — 
 retiring in 1873. Judge Straub distinguished liimself on the 
 bench of the Police Court — in the midst of the daily annoy- 
 
 ances of an average of fifty cases a day the year throughout 
 for six years — by almost unerring judgment and never-failing 
 truthfulness to his trust. He was severe where severity was 
 demanded; but he could and did temper justice with mercy 
 when there was a fair chance that the result would be better 
 for society. His mistakes were very few, if any, in dispos- 
 ing of cases. His record as Judge of the Police Court is a 
 bright paragraph in the history of the Queen City of the West, 
 no other person having remained in that office so many 
 years and given such universal satisfaction. Since his re- 
 tirement from the bench Judge Straub has pursued the 
 practice of his profession. 
 
 JT) 
 
 MEDLEY, ANDERSON, M.D., was born, July 
 31st, 1810, at Batavia, Clermont county, Ohio, a 
 spot which in that early time bore the name of 
 Durhamtown. He began life at sixteen as a 
 cabinet-maker, and worked at this trade until his 
 twenty-third year. His father, Aaron Smedley, 
 was a prominent tanner, and died in 1819 at Hamilton, 
 Butler county, Ohio. He was an early settler in that section, 
 and stood in high estimation for his purity of character and 
 for his public spirit. His wife was Joanna Southard, a 
 daughter of Hezekiah Southard, and was born at Browns- 
 ville, Pennsylvania, when her father with his family was 
 moving from New Jersey to F'lemingsburg, Kentucky. She 
 became the mother of eight children, and is still living at 
 the advanced age of eighty-five years. The early education 
 of Anderson was of that limited quantity and narrowness of 
 range obtainable in a log school house; but during his ap- 
 prenticeship he made valuable use of all his leisure moments, 
 and acquired at these odd moments a profound knowledge 
 of the science of medicine. In 1833 he entered upon its 
 practice in Fairfield, Indiana, where he remained two years, 
 and then made his residence in Franklin, Warren county, 
 Ohio, and thence, after three years, he went to Carthage, 
 Hamilton county, Ohio. He is now a resident of Cummins- 
 ville, Cincinnati, and has continued with general success in 
 that profession which he acquired by persevering energy. 
 In 1844 he began a course of lectures at the Ohio Medical 
 College, and from this institution he took a high degree in 
 1846. For three years he was Physician-in-Chief for the 
 Hamilton County Infirmary. In 1831 he was married to 
 Caroline Penton, a native of Pennsylvania, and the fruit of 
 this happy wedlock was eight children. His career, crowned 
 now with distinction, is that of a self-made man. He was 
 always a close student, and avoided all political affiliations 
 and associations that tended to hinder him in his progress 
 towards perfection in medical science. He has at all times 
 manifested a philanthropic spirit, and has especially inter- 
 ested himself in the cause of popular education. He has 
 served repeatedly as a Controller of the public schools. He 
 was an earnest advocate and sujiporter of the war against 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 41 
 
 rebellion, and gave one son to bis country. This son was 
 Daniel P. Smedley, a Surgeon of the Ohio volunteer infantry, 
 who died from disease contracted while in service. 
 
 
 ICKENLOOPER, ANDREW, Brigadier-General 
 United States Volunteers, was born, of mixed 
 German and Irish ancestry, at Hudson, Ohio, 
 August 30th, 1836. In 1S46 the family removed 
 ' to Cincinnati, where Andrew ended his school 
 education at old Woodward, afterward entered 
 
 the counting-room of the IVeckly Despalch ; was then for a 
 
 time in an insurance office; and at the age of seventeen en- 
 tered the City Civil Engineer’s office as rodman. In 1857 
 he received die appointment of City Surveyor, which office 
 he held at the outbreak of the war. He recruited an artil- 
 lery company, originally known as Hickenlooper’s Cincin- 
 nati Battery, which first saw service under P'reniont at Jeffer- 
 son City. On March, 1S62, the battery was transferred to 
 General Grant’s army at Pittsburgh Landing, and did such 
 excellent service there that three days after the battle its 
 
 commander was promoted to division commander of artil- 
 lei-y. He served in this capacity until after the battles of 
 luka and Corinth, when he was especially honored in the 
 official report of the latter battle, and on the 26th of October 
 ordered by General Grant to report for staff duty to General 
 McPherson. He was at first made Chief of Ordnance and 
 Artillery, and then in February, when about to start down 
 to Vicksburg, he was made Chief Engineer of the 17th 
 Army Corps. In the siege of Vicksburg he conducted the 
 siege operations in front of the corps with such signal ability 
 as to win the warmest approval from McPherson himself, 
 whose own abilities as an engineer were of the highest order. 
 He wrote of him as exhibiting “ untiring energy and skill 
 in conducting reconnoissances, making maps of the route 
 passed over, and superintending the repairs and construction 
 of bridges, etc., and exposing himself constantly night and 
 day.” In this siege the first mine that was made and ex- 
 ploded under the enemy’s works was made under Hicken- 
 looper’s directions. After the fall of Vicksburg the “ Board 
 of Honor” of the 17th Corps awarded him the gold medrl 
 with the inscription, “ Pittsburgh Landing, Siege of Corinth, 
 luka, Corinth, Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Champion 
 Hills, Vicksburg.” When McPherson took command of 
 the .\rmy of the Tennessee he was made Judge Advocate 
 on his staff, and a little later Chief of Artillery for the De- 
 partment and Army of the Tennessee. In this position he 
 accompanied his chief through the Atlanta campaign. After 
 the death of McPherson he returned to his duties as Judge 
 Advocate, and a little later accepted the position of Assistant 
 Inspector-General of the 17th Army Corps, which carried 
 with it the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. In the spring of 
 1865 he wa-s brevetted Brigadier-General of Volunteers, and 
 assigned to the command of the oldest brigade in the Army of 
 
 6 
 
 the Tennessee, composed of the nth, 13th, 15th and i6th 
 Iowa Veteran Volunteers, with which he served until the close 
 of the war, when he returned to Cincinnati and formed a 
 partnership with R. C. Philips, civil engineer. In the follow- 
 ing year he was appointed United States Marshal for the 
 Southern District of Ohio. Generals Grant, Sherman, How- 
 ard, Logan, Leggett and Belknap, when his application was 
 made for this office, gave the very highest of testimonials ; 
 Leggett said, “ McPherson regarded him as his model of- 
 ficer;” while Howard wrote, “As a military engineer I 
 never knew his equal.” In January, 1871, he resigned the 
 office of Marshal, and in May was appointed City Civil En- 
 gineer; served one term, was unanimously re-elected for a 
 second, but shortly resigned to accept the Vice-Presidency 
 of the Cincinnati Gas Light & Coke Company. The career 
 of General Hickenlooper has been remarkable. He was in 
 eighteen distinct battles and many skirmishes, and received 
 not a mark : and this war record closed in his twenty-ninth 
 year. 
 
 t CHEV, JOHN IL, Banker, was born in Jones- 
 town, Lebanon county, Pennsylvania, on Septem- 
 ber 1st, 1S02. His parents were John and Elizabeth 
 (Hoover) Achey, people in moderate circumstances, 
 ^ who followed the quiet pursuit of farming. After 
 receiving a good rudimentary education in Eng- 
 lish and German, Mr. Achey was apprenticed to the trade 
 of carpenter, which he followed for a short time after the 
 expiration of his indenture, and then engaged in the lumber 
 business, and also in mercantile trading. In the spring of 
 183S he moved to Ohio, settling at Dayton, where he en- 
 gaged for twelve or fifteen years extensively in the lumber 
 business. He became a Director in the old Dayton Branch 
 of the Ohio State Bank, which in 1865 was converted into 
 the Dayton National Bank. He has been a Director in the 
 new institution, and for the last three years its President. 
 Soon after settling in Dayton he joined the Masonic order 
 and passed all the degrees. P'or twenty-two years he was 
 Commander of the Knights Templar in Dayton, and for two 
 years, 1S57 and 1858, Grand Commander of the State of 
 Ohio. He has taken a lively interest in the cause of Ma- 
 sonry, and has been a delegate to most of their conventions. 
 A strict Methodist in his religious belief, he has taken a 
 special interest in the degree of Knights Templar, which 
 none but those accepting the orthodox view of the Christian 
 religion can take. This degree he conferred on nearly four 
 hundred Masons during the twenty-two years of his com- 
 mandership in Dayton. He has also been active and liberal 
 in establishing lodges throughout the smaller rural towns. 
 He married Mary Rife, of Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, 
 with whom he has had three children, one son and two 
 daughters. Only one now survives, a (laughter, the wife of 
 Dr. Thomas L. Neal, of Dayton. In his seventy-third year 
 Mr. Achey is still a man of great vitality and enjoys excel- 
 
42 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 lent health. lie is found every day at his place of business, 
 and his step is as light and his form as straight as most men’s 
 at fifty. 
 
 NTIIONV’, GENERAL CIIARLE.S, Lawyer, was 
 born in Richmond, Virginia, March 31st, 1798. 
 Ilis parents were Joseph and Rhoda Anthony, 
 both members of the Society of Friends, who re- 
 moved to Clinton county, Ohio, in iSli, and en- 
 gaged in the occupation of farming. Their son 
 was carefully educated and sent to Cincinnati to study law, 
 where he was admitted to the bar about 1820. In 1824 he 
 removed to Springfield, where his superior acquirements 
 soon gave him position at the head of the bar. He was 
 especially distinguished as a jury advocate. He was three 
 times a member of the lower branch of the Legislature, and 
 was chosen Speaker. In 1833 he was also elected to repre- 
 sent his district in the Senate, where he served one term. 
 He was a Grand Master in the order of Free Masons, and 
 from an early period of his life a devout and active member 
 of the Presbyterian Church. While a member of the 
 Legislature he succeeded in reforming the policy of the 
 State in the management of its prisons, securing all the re- 
 forms and committing the government to humanitarian and 
 reformatory principles in its treatment of the criminal class. 
 He derived his military title from his connection with the 
 State militia. General Anthony was twice married ; on 
 March 23d, 1S20, to Elizabeth Evans, of Cincinnati, who 
 died in 1841, leaving four children and having lost five; in 
 1844 he married Mary E. Hulsey, of Springfield; with her 
 he had seven children, four of whom, together with their 
 mother, survived him. He died in Springfield, May loth, 
 1862, and was buried with distinguished honors by the 
 Masonic fraternity and the Clark county bar. 
 
 ’’URTIS, ALVA, A. M., M. D., son of Chauncy 
 Curtis, a soldier of the Revolution, was born in 
 Columbia, Coos county. New Hampshire, June 
 3d, 1797. His mother was Mary Anne Burnside, 
 daughter of James Burnside, of Northumberland, 
 same county. He received from his parents an 
 
 efficient primary education, and by unusual industry and 
 economy paid for his own boarding and tuition in later years. 
 In 1815 he became a teacher on Great Neck, Long Island, 
 where, in performing the duties of his position and in per- 
 sonal research into literature and the sciences, he passed 
 three years. During this time he acquired a good knowl- 
 edge of the I.atin language and the higher mathematics. 
 Though poorly paid he saved enough money there to carry 
 him through a two-years’ course in Union College, but was 
 deprived of this long-desired benefit by the illness of his 
 brother Abner, a student of the institution, with whom he 
 
 travelled until the death of the latter in Trenton, New t 
 Jersey. The learned Dr. John McKelway having decided 
 that this brother had died from the “ abuse of mercury,” 
 Alva was attracted towards the study of medicine. But, 
 wanting means, he accepted the charge of the female de- 
 partment of the Trenton Academy. In 1819 he was raised 
 to the position of teacher of the higher English branches in 
 the male department. During his occupancy of this post 
 he pursued in his leisure hours the study of medicine under 
 the mentorship of Dr. McKelway. While thus studying he 
 saw what he considered well-founded objections to the allo- 
 pathic principles and treatment. In 1820 he attended a 
 course of lectures on botany ; and acquired a good knowl- 
 edge of the French language by studying it himself and 
 teaching the English to two of Bonaparte’s generals. In 
 1821 he was compelled to travel to recover his broken 
 health. On falling and fainting one day he discovered a 
 simple method for the prevention or the relief of syncope, 
 viz., simply to lay, on the discovery of the first symptom, his 
 head much lower than his body. To defray his expenses 
 while travelling he procured subscribers to “ Burritt’s His- 
 tory of the United States.” In September he went to Rich- 
 mond, Virginia, in the hope that a warmer climate would 
 prove beneficial to him. There he united to teaching in 
 Mrs. Broome’s Female Seminary and to tuition in private 
 families the labor of aiding in the publication of the Sotithern 
 Religions Telegraph, and the preparation of the astronomical 
 calculations for the “ Franklin Almanac.” In 1827 he 
 opened a Female Seminary, which he successfully conducted 
 until 1832, when the ravages of the cholera rendered its 
 closing a prudential measure. He treated this disease on 
 the Thomsonian plan, which proved unusually effectual. 
 Having married in 1829 Harriet Ann Charter, of Richmond, 
 whom he afterward rescued from death by the same treat- 
 ment, after allopathy had completely failed to relieve her, 
 his practice in that system and his superior success arrayed 
 against him a large antagonistic medical fraternity, a part 
 of whose policy was the withdrawal of their daughters from 
 his seminary. He then closed it and devoted his attention 
 exclusively to the practice of medicine, in the interest and 
 upon the merits of which he delivered in Baltimore in 1834 
 two lectures. These being published in The Georgia Federal 
 Union made converts of Dr. Deloney and many others, and 
 led to the establishment of the present Botanic Medical 
 College at Macon. In 1835 he was invited to become the 
 editor of the Thomsonian Recorder, in Columbus, Ohio, to 
 establish an infirmary and to instruct others in the new prac- 
 tice. Meeting with unusual encouragement, he obtained 
 from the Legislature in 1839 a charter for a new college, 
 but not without bitter opposition, which he speedily swept 
 away. In May, 1841, he was made by Professor John P. 
 Harison the subject of a bitter attack at the close of the 
 session of the Ohio Medical Association, but he successfully 
 repelled it in a discourse delivered the next evening to an 
 immense assemblage (see Botanico-Mcdical Recorder, vol. 
 
OaXaxy Piib Co PhUo^ 
 
BIOGRArillCAL ENCVCLOr.'EDIA. 
 
 43 
 
 x.,no. l). In t’ne same year the Legislature transferred the 
 iJotanico-Medical College to Cincinnati, where in 1S48-49 
 the institution had a faculty of 6 professors and 83 students 
 in the winter session and 30 in the spring, and the Recorder 
 had 2250 subscribers. From the commencement of the 
 college to that time Dr. Curtis had been the sole proprietor 
 of the institution ; had furnished all its means and facilities 
 for its operations, and obtained the aid of its professors by 
 paying them seven-tenths of the proceeds of the tuition. 
 By their promise to aid him all they could in conducting it 
 according to his plans, the professors persuaded him to sell 
 to each of them a sixth of the property of the college, and the 
 right to an equal power with him in conducting its affairs. 
 Though they failed to jiay for those rights, they resolved to 
 request him to leave the buildings, the infirmary and the 
 paper to the management of the other professors, and to 
 travel and lecture for the benefit of all. Believing also that 
 they could prosper better elsewhere, they left in 1851 the 
 building on his hands, and commenced their lectures in 
 another part of the city. Thus deprived of the means to 
 pay the balances due on his property. Dr. Curtis leased it 
 to K. Winne for a hotel, on terms which would have en- 
 abled him to retain it and sustain the college. But two se- 
 vere fires, the failure of Winne, and of his successor. Young, 
 to pay the rent, and the closing for a year by the sheriff of 
 the building till the seized furniture of Young should be 
 sold, caused the failure of Dr. Curtis to save the building, 
 and to prevent the loss of so much other property that he 
 has never been able to recover his pecuniary condition. 
 But the before-named professors totally failing. Dr. Curtis 
 resumed lectures in the old Cincinnati College, on Walnut 
 street, above Fourth, employing professors as at first, and 
 paying all expenses, till October, 1855, when the number 
 of students was forty-two, and of professors four. Having 
 given to these professors, on their promise to harmonize 
 with him, as he had given to others, the balance of power 
 in the institution, for the purpose of devoting his spare time 
 to the labor of endowing the college on the scholarship 
 plan, he soon had the mortification to see it sinking as be- 
 fore. In 1858 he resigned his professorship and accepted 
 a position in the Ohio Female College as teacher of physi 
 ology, physical geography, astronomy and the French lan- 
 guage. In 1859, the professors of the college having had 
 some trouble in their operations, several of them resigned 
 their positions and set up another school under a different 
 name. Whereupon Dr. Curtis resumed the practice of his 
 profession and the instruction of students in the I’hysico- 
 MecFical College, as at first, and has secured an enviable 
 reputation as an educator and practitioner. In addition to 
 editing the Recorder for twenty years, he has published a 
 work entitled “Medical Discussions;” one on “Obstet- 
 rics and Diseases of Women and Children ; ” two on 
 “ Theory and Practice of Medicine ; ” one of “ Criticisms 
 on all the Popular Systems of Medicine;” also, “The 
 Provocation and Reply;” and “The Philosophy of Lan- 
 
 guage, Grammar and Composition ; ” and has issued many 
 volumes of reviews, tracts and lectures. He has educated 
 about 1000 men and scores of women for the practice of 
 medicine, in which many of them have been eminently suc- 
 cessful. June 23d, 1875, completing his seventy-eighth 
 year, he closed his last regular course of lectures to students, 
 and consecrated the remainder of life that may be allotted 
 to him to the careful revision, correction and improvement 
 of his regular books, the gathering up and preserving in The 
 Good Old Recorder, and other receptacles, of some of the 
 best of his scattered reviews, criticisms, lectures and essays ; 
 and securing to them a perpetual publication and distribu- 
 tion. At the close of two lectures which he had been in- 
 vited to deliver at the commencement in 1854 of Knox Col- 
 lege, Illinois, the faculty of that institution conferred on 
 him the degree of Master of Arts. 
 
 CAMP, HARVEY, Builder, was born in West- 
 field, Essex county, New Jersey, November 25th, 
 1807. He came with his parents, Ezekiel and 
 Mary De Camp, in the fall of 1812, to Butler 
 county, Ohio, where they opened a farm from a 
 dense forest. Mr. De Camp came in the spring 
 to Cincinnati, learned the carpenter's trade of 
 Ezekiel Ross, and at the age of twenty-two years began busi- 
 ness in that city on his own account, taking apprentices to 
 assist him. He followed it steadily for thirty years, build- 
 ing more houses than almost any other man of his day, and 
 he was especially instrumental in designing and superin- 
 tending St. Paul’s Methodist Episcopal Church and Wes- 
 leyan Female College. For many years he was engaged in 
 the manufacture of paper at Lockland. I le was for five years 
 a member of the City Council. He has been for forty-three 
 years prominently connected with the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, holding all the offices in church and Sabbath- 
 school ; and holding also directorship in various charitable 
 and educational institutions and business companies. In 
 1829 he was married to Rebecca A. Wright, by whom he 
 has seven living children; and in 1874 to Mrs. Sylvia A. 
 Willis. The family of Ezekiel and Mary De Camp con- 
 sisted of five girls and twelve boys, seventeen in all ; one son 
 dying, Ezekiel put his eleven surviving boys to trades, ten as 
 builders and the eleventh to the business of millwright. 
 They taught their children to revere the Bible, and gave 
 them two leading ideas as guides through life, “ honesty ” 
 and “ industry.” Consequently all have been prosperous. 
 Nine of the eleven brothers married and settled in Cincin- 
 nati, and never had a family jar. A month before the assassi- 
 nation of President Lincoln Jud^e William Johnson, of Cin- 
 cinnati, introduced to him David, Walter, Hiram, Harvey, 
 Joseph, Daniel, Lambert and Job, as “ eight brothers from 
 Ohio who all voted for him, and who daily prayed to the 
 Almighty that he might be guided by wisdom and the Union 
 
44 
 
 LIOGRAPiilCAL ENCYCLOI’.'EDIA. 
 
 preserved. On June 1st, 1S70, about 300 members of the 
 De Camp family had a reunion at the old homestead in 
 Reily township, Butler county. All gathered around one 
 table, with vacant chairs for the absent and the dead. Had 
 all been living they would have numbered 363, and includ- 
 ing the 93 added by marriage, 456 persons. A huge cake 
 occupied the centre, crowned with a sugar emblem of 
 clasped hands. It weighed 100 pounds, was cut into 300 
 pieces, which gave to each person a third of a pound. 
 
 UST, RICHARD SUTTON, A. M., D. D., is one 
 of the most energetic, enthusiastic, and successful 
 ministers of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; 
 and in the varied official positions to which he 
 has been called has rendered valuable service 
 and exhibited rare executive ability in the admin- 
 istration of affairs intrusted to his care. He was born in 
 Ipswich, Massachusetts, September 12th, 1815. His mother, 
 from wiiom he inherited many of liis traits of character, was 
 a woman of deep piety and superior attainments, the daugh- 
 ter of Richard Sutton, distinguished among liis townsmen 
 for integrity, independence, and intelligence. He was left 
 an orphan, his father dying when he was eight years old, 
 and his mother when he was ten, leaving him no patrimony 
 but a parentage spotless and revered. One of his uncles 
 gave him a year’s schooling, where he first formed a taste 
 for study which never forsook him. Another uncle gave 
 him a home till he was fourteen, during which time he was 
 compelled to work hard upon a farm, with only three 
 months’ schooling each winter. He was then apprenticed 
 to learn a cabinet-maker’s trade, and at the end of three 
 years, yearning fir school and more congenial pursuits, 
 purchased the balance of the apprenticeship, and entered 
 Phillips’ Academy, Andover, Massachusetts, to prepare for 
 college. While at Andover the distinguished abolition 
 lecturer, George Thompson, of England, visited Phillips 
 Academy and lectured to the students on slavery. With 
 his wonderful eloquence, wit, and logic the students were 
 charmed, and a large number of them became abolitionists 
 and formed an anti-slavery society. The teachers were 
 displeased at this action, and required the students to leave 
 the anti-slavery society or the academy. Nearly one hun- 
 dred of them, rather than give up their principles and 
 rights, left the school ; some went into the anti-slavery field 
 as lecturers, and others to institutions where freedom of 
 thought and speech could be enjoyed. Young Rust, with 
 several others, went to Canaan, New Hampshire, where an 
 academy had been established upon liberal principles, and 
 where young men and women of color were allowed to 
 enter and enjoy the advantages of culture. So bitter was 
 the opposition to this school, because it extended its jirivi- 
 leges alike to all without distinction of color, that the man- 
 date went forth that it must be broken up, and the farmers 
 
 I in the vicinity, with a hundred yoke Oi oxen, drew the 
 academy more than a mile out of town into the woods and 
 broke up the school ! Our young friend finished his pre- 
 ; paratory studies at the Wilbrahain Academy, and in 1837 
 I entered the Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, 
 where he was graduated in 1841, and received the degree 
 of Master of Arts in 1844. In 1859 he received the hon- 
 orary degree of U. D. from the Wesleyan University at 
 Delaware, Ohio. While in college he paid his expenses by 
 teaching and lecturing winters. He was one of the first 
 anti-slavery lecturers in Connecticut, and in New Haven 
 county was mobbed repeatedly for his lectures against 
 slavery. He aided the ladies in organizing the First Anti- 
 Slavery Fair at Hartford, and published for that occasion 
 “ hreedom’s Gift,” a little annual of anti-slavery poems and 
 prose. The great anti-slavery struggle reached its height 
 as he came to his manhood, and he did valiant service in 
 the good cause, and was a pioneer in the Methodist Epis- 
 ' copal Church in this grand conflict. In 1842 he was 
 Principal of Ellington School, Connecticut; in 1843 Princi- 
 jral of Middletown Iligh School; in 1844 he joined the 
 j New England Conference of the Methodist Episcopal 
 I Church, and was stationed at Springfield, Massachusetts; 
 and in 1846 was stationed at Worcester, Massachusetts. 
 During the next five years Mr. Rust passed through one of 
 the most interesting periods of his life. He originated and 
 published the “American Pul])it,” was transferred to the 
 j New Hampshire Conference, was Principal of the New 
 I Hampshire Conference Seminary and Female College, and 
 , was State Commi.ssioner of Common Schools for New 
 j Hampshire for three years. He delivered popular lectures 
 on education all over the State, awakened the deepest inter- 
 est in the schools, assailed with wit, sarcasm, and invectives 
 the miserable old school -houses, and did a grand work in 
 introducing into New Hampshire good school-houses, 
 teachers’ institutes, and an improved .system of common 
 school education. In 1859 Dr. Rust was transferred from 
 the scenes of his early struggles and triumphs to the Cincin- 
 nati Conference. The name and character of the man pre- 
 ceded him in the West, and he was at once welcomed to 
 active service in the leading enterprises of the church. He 
 was for four years President of Wilberforce University, at 
 Xenia, after which he became pastor of Morris Chapel, 
 Cincinnati, when he was elected President of the Wesleyan 
 Female College, Cincinnati, where he remained until the 
 old college was sold and vacated, and the school was sus- 
 pended until the new college could be erected. He was 
 Corresponding Secretai'y of the Western Freedinen’s Aid 
 Society, and in connection with Bishop Clark and the Rev. 
 Dr. Walden, aided in the organization of the Freedmen’s 
 Aid Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and for the 
 last eight years has been its Corresponding Secretary, and 
 has discharged its duties with such marked efficiency and 
 ability as to meet the highest commendation of the whole 
 church. This society, under the administration of Dr. 
 

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 45 
 
 Rust, has established and sustained in central locations in 
 the South twelve institutions of learning, styled seminaries, 
 colleges, or universities, for the training of teachers and 
 preachers for the elevation of this long-neglected race so 
 lately admitted to all the rights and duties of American cit- 
 izens. For the successful management of this important 
 educational work the subject of this sketch, by his deep, 
 long, life interest in this people, his attainments as a scholar, 
 his previous experience as an educator, and shrewd business 
 habits, was pre-eminently fitted, and the results achieved by 
 this society have exceeded the highest anticipations of its 
 friends. Dr. Rust was successful as a pastor, a fine writer, 
 and an impressive preacher; pre-eminent as an educator, 
 possessing great power over the young of awakening them 
 to high and noble purpose ; and there arc but few men in 
 this country who have aided in educating so many of her 
 youth who now fill important positions in society and wield 
 so great influence for Christ and the right. In his boyhood 
 he espoused the cause of the slave, labored for his emanci- 
 pation ; and his mature life, attainments, and amide means 
 are consecrated to the preparation of this emancipated 
 people for tlie appropriate discharge of the important duties 
 imposed upon them by freedom, so that liberty may prove 
 a ble.ssing rather than a curse to them. As a Christian 
 philanthropist he has done his noblest work, and for this by 
 a grateful people he will be held in remembrance. 
 
 JOFFMAN, SILAS WRIGHT, City Auditor of 
 Cincinnati, Ohio, was born at Hoffman’s, Sche- 
 nectady county. New York, October 6th, 1846. 
 His father, John Hoffman, was a native of Ger- 
 many, who emigrated to the United .States when 
 he was about thirteen years of age ; while his 
 mother, Elizabeth Wheaton, was born in New York. He 
 was educated in .Schenectady, New York, and at the 
 Albany Mercantile College, whence he graduated in Janu- 
 ary, 1863. He then removed to Dunkirk, New York, 
 where he was engaged in the office of the Erie Railroad 
 until December, 1863, when he resigned his position. He 
 arrived in Cincinnati Januaiy 28th, 1864, and there became 
 entry clerk for Dickson, Clark & Co., wholesale hardware 
 merchants. After a service of one month he resigned to 
 accept the position of Bookkeeper for H. J. Montgomery, 
 a wholesale hat and cap merchant. Here he remained 
 until April, 1870, when, on account of his election to the 
 City Council by the citizens of the First Ward, he resigned 
 his position and opened a family grocery and provision 
 store. His ward was strongly Republican, and he was the 
 first Democrat who had been elected for ten years. During 
 his term as Councilman, in 1871, he was nominated by the 
 Democratic Convention for County Auditor, though only 
 twenty-five years of age. Although he ran about fifteen 
 hundred votes ahead of his ticket, he was defeated by 
 
 about six hundred majority; but in April, 1872, he was 
 elected City Auditor for a term of three years. In April, 
 1875, he was unanimously re-elected for another term, re- 
 ceiving flattering recognition of his efficiency and faithful- 
 ness as a public officer. He was married on June 20th, 
 1867, to Amanda M., daughter of J. C. Thompson, of 
 Cincinnati, Ohio, and this union has been sealed by the 
 birth of a son and a daughter. Though still in the early 
 prime of manhood, he has attained a position in public and 
 social life rarely achieved, and of which his friends are 
 justly proud. 
 
 ^ILMORE, JAMES, of the banking house of Gil- 
 more, Dunlap & Co., Cincinnati, was born Sep- 
 tember 2lst, 1814, at Bridgehampton, Long 
 Island, New York. His father, Gordon R., was 
 a native of Bailiboro’, county Cavan, Ireland. 
 His mother, Phoebe Sandford, was of Bridgehamp- 
 ton. In 1821 his father, Gordon R., and father’s brother, 
 John, emigrated to Cincinnati, and established the earliest 
 private banking house in the histoiy of the city, under the 
 firm-name of J. & G. R. Gilmore. It was on the west side 
 of Main street, a few doors north of the present Madison 
 House. His father, October 21st, 1832, fell a victim to the 
 Asiatic cholera, it being its first visit to our country. James 
 Gilmore entered Yale College in 1830, graduated in 1834; 
 studied law but never practised; and January 1st, 1840, 
 founded his present banking house. On July l8th, 1842, 
 he married Mary Jane Stubbs, of Cincinnati, by whom he 
 has five children. His second son, Virgil G., is an active 
 partner in his father’s business, and was married September 
 5th, 1872, to Bessie Smith, of Cincinnati. They have one 
 daughter, Genevra. 
 
 OLFE, N. B., M. D., belongs to the fourth of de- 
 S 1 I I sesnding generations which were born in or near 
 /III Columbia, Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. The 
 roots of his family stock came from England and 
 ^ Germany about the beginning of the last century ; 
 
 his maternal ancestor, Mary Hudson, being one 
 of the Quaker colonists who accompanied William Penn in 
 the voyage of “ye good ship ‘Canterbury,’” which an- 
 chored before Newcastle, Delaware, in the winter of 1699. 
 The doctor was born in Columbia, on Christmas, 1823. 
 His father, who was an architect, died in the preceding 
 summer of yellow fever, while superintending the construc- 
 tion of the capitol buildings at Jackson, Mississippi. His 
 mother was left to provide for the necessities of her little 
 family without means, save such as her own industry could 
 sujiply. But she managed to bring them up, as the doctor 
 facetiously puts it, “ fat, ragged, and saucy.” She suc- 
 ceeded in giving to all her children such education as 
 enabled them “to read, write, and cypher.” As a youth 
 
46 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 the doctor was full of fun and adventure. At the age of 
 thirteen he began to make a living for himself as boat driver 
 on the Pennsylvania Canal. He made one trip, and when 
 he got up to the mountains of Huntingdon county he left 
 the canal and engaged as a boy of all work with Robert 
 Speer, of Cassville. P'or two years he was engaged in this 
 way, and attending two full winter sessions of the Cassville 
 Academy. At the age of fifteen he returned home and 
 assisted his brother Henry during the plastering season. 
 In 1839 he entered the office of the Coliiitibia Spy, where 
 he displayed ability in learning the art of printing. While 
 serving in this capacity he was prominent in organizing the 
 Franklin Debating Society and Library, and was active as 
 a speaker in its discussions. Eli Bowen, who became dis- 
 tinguished as a Pennsylvania geologist, was a talented 
 member of this little society. In 1840 young Wolfe was 
 elected Captain of the Junior Washington Rifles, a military 
 company which he commanded two years. In 1842 he 
 started on a journey from Columbia to Ohio. He crossed 
 the Allegheny mountains two hundred miles from home, 
 and brought up at Ebensburg in a footsore and impecunious 
 condition. Here he stopped and engaged at plastering dur- 
 ing the summer season, and in winter taught school. A 
 slight accident while teaching gave a new direction to the 
 after life of young Wolfe. While raising a window his 
 hand slipped and forced itself through the glass. A small 
 artery was cut, and to arrest the bleeding surgical aid was 
 required. While dressing the wound the surgeon — Dr. 
 Aristide Rodrigue — said : “ I will take you as a student, 
 and assist you with means to graduate, if you will render 
 me certain services.” The conditions were accepted, and 
 Wolfe entered regularly as a student in medicine in his 
 office. Dr. Rodrigue soon after moved to Hollidaysburgh, 
 Blair county, where for two years Wolfe closely applied 
 himself. It then became apparent to him that his preceptor 
 was not able to fulfil the conditions of the contract ; so he 
 accepted propositions from Dr. Wallace to go to Canada, 
 who promised to assist him through a course of lectures at 
 Dr. Rolph’s Medical -School. This time the quasi pre- 
 ceptor performed more than he promised ; for after crossing 
 the lake he stole Wolfe’s trunk and left him penniless at 
 the Black Horse Tavern, in Toronto. As soon as Wolfe 
 comprehended his situation fully he started on foot down 
 the Kingston pike with neither “ purse nor script.” The 
 day was bleak and chilly and omened a wintry night. He 
 took shelter in a wayside cottage till morning. At noon on 
 the following day he entered a public house in Millville and 
 declared his intention to settle and practise medicine in 
 that place. The landlord was delighted with the honor of 
 having a doctor in his house, and gave him his best room. 
 Wolfe prospered in his new location ; but in a few months 
 moved north to Cartright, in the vicinity of an Indian reser- 
 vation on I.ake Skugog. He became a favorite with the 
 red men, and with them hunted and fished; at one time 
 accompanying a party for that purpose through a wilderness 
 
 of woods several hundred miles away. The chief of these 
 Indians offered Wolfe his daughter “ Fawn Eye ” in mar- 
 riage ; but Wolfe, not desiring to re-enact the drama of 
 Pocahontas, respectfully declined. He returned to his 
 home in 1850, having first travelled through the Western 
 States of the Union. Soon after he passed an examination 
 by the professors of the Eclectic Medical College of Phila- 
 delphia, and received the degree of Medical Doctor. He 
 now became interested in politics, and represented his 
 county in a State Gubernatorial Convention ; was an admirer 
 and friend of James Buchanan. He soon, however, lost 
 his party standing in consequence of a disagreement with 
 his political friends in regard to the practical operations of 
 the fugitive slave law. An old black man was shot down 
 in the streets of Columbia for resisting arrest by a slave 
 hunter from Maryland, who claimed the negro as his 
 property. The doctor ever afterwards absolved himself 
 from all political parties in a partisan sense. Notwithstand- 
 ing this defection, however, Mr. Buchanan, who was then 
 Minister to England, offered him the position of private 
 secretary, which he declined. This unaccepted offer was 
 supplemented by another in the form of a commission from 
 Washington, authorizing Wolfe to travel through Farther 
 India, Thibet, Persia, and Arabia, to gather information 
 respecting the medical botany of those Oriental countries. 
 Also to travel through China to make observations upon 
 the eultivation of the tea plant, with the view of introducing 
 the same into the United States. Wolfe accepted this coni- 
 mission ; but before the vessel sailed, in which he had stored 
 his trunks, from Boston harbor for Calcutta, the Southern 
 rebellion broke out and put an end to the enterprise. He 
 now devoted himself to his profession, and began to make 
 the pathology and treatment of diseases of the pulmonary 
 structure a special study. To succeed the better im this 
 purpose he returned to Canada, and settled in .St. Jacob’s, 
 Waterloo county, in the upper provinces. Here he rapidly 
 built up a lucr.ative practice, and after several years married 
 and returned to the United States. He opened an office in 
 St. Louis, Missouri, with the special purpose of treating 
 diseases of the nose, throat, and lungs ; but after a residence 
 of two years in that city, he changed his location to Cincin- 
 nati, Ohio, in 1857, where he still remains. He has pub- 
 lished several medical works on the pathology and treat- 
 ment of diseases of the pulmonary structure. The one by 
 which he is best known, however, is his “ Common Sense 
 Book.” He began the publication of this work in 1857, 
 since which time he has printed and distributed gratuitously 
 more than three million copies. These he has sent into 
 every hamlet in the United .States and Canada. The cost 
 of this publication has been over ^300,000: $60,000 has 
 been paid to the government alone for postage. In his 
 Cincinnati practice Dr. Wolfe has written more than two 
 hundred thousand professional letters. He has had twenty 
 thousand patients, and has kept a full record of each case. 
 His professional fees have exceeded $1,000,000. He is 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 47 
 
 estimated to be the wealthiest physician in Cincinnati, but 
 lives in a veiy unostentatious manner. He is a firm and 
 outspoken believer in modern spiritualism, and quite re- 
 cently has written a most remarkable book on that subject, 
 detailino- his experience with spirit media. This book has 
 passed through a second edition in the United .States, and 
 has been republished in England and Germany. In review- 
 ing this work a writer in the “ Human Nature,” which is 
 published in London, says : “ Ur. Wolfe’s opportunities 
 have been remark.able ; but the book is more indebted to the 
 author than to his surroundings. In it we have not merely 
 a literary production, but the soul of a true man fully devel- 
 oped in the m.anifold phases of his character. With the 
 tenderness of a woman there is exhibited the stern disci- 
 pline of a general ; the reverence of the highest adoration is 
 strengthened by the boldness of the iconoclast ; an intuitive 
 faith, reaching up to loftiest secrets of existence, finds a sure 
 footing in a fonn of skepticism — if th.at be a true term for 
 it — which will have facts alone as a basis for deductions ; 
 and to the burning enthusiasm of an investigator who in 
 two years devoted thirty weeks to close experimentation, 
 with one medium, is well supplemented by a scrutiny which 
 left no test unemployed which ingenuity could devise to 
 attest the truth of the phenomena he records.” 
 
 -^ERKE, JOHN, ex-Treasurer of Hamilton county, 
 is the eldest son of William and Elizabeth Gerke, 
 of Meppin, Kingdom of Hanover, and was born 
 Januaiy 19th, 1822. His parents were poor, 
 which compelled him to bear part of the burdens 
 of the family at an early age. This he did at 
 every available kind of work. Thus he worked to support 
 his father’s family until his twenty-first year, when, growing 
 weary of such life, he determined to go to America to seek 
 his fortune. In April, 1S43, landed in New York. 
 Making a brief stay in New York, he came West and located 
 in Fort Mayne, Indiana. There he engaged to work in a 
 brick yard, at moulding, at $30 per month and board in- 
 cluded. In the winter, not being able to work at brick- 
 
 making, he chopped cord wood at twenty-five cents per 
 cord. At the commencement of the second year he started 
 the brick-making business for himself, in connection with 
 six of his countrymen. This, however, soon was aban- 
 doned, not proving as remunerative as was desired. After 
 trjdng various other expedients to get on, and not being at 
 all successful, the currency of Indiana then being in such 
 an unsafe and valueless condition, Mr. Gerke began to 
 think he had not much bettered his chances on the road to 
 fortune by coming to America. He still kept trying, and 
 among other things actually went to knitting woollen stock- 
 ings with his own hands at fifty cents a pair. Of course, 
 while currency was so depreciated and wages so low, pro- 
 visions were correspondingly low, and consequently he was 
 
 enabled to live along tolerably smoothly, and even save a 
 little money, although he was married and had the care of 
 a family. After two and a half years spent in this manner 
 he became disgusted and started to St. Louis to try his for- 
 tune there. Here he was unsuccessful, and in le.ss than a 
 year started back to Fort Wayne. Arriving in Cincinnati, 
 and finding the canal frozen up, he managed to remain and 
 struggle through the winter, some days working at twenty- 
 five cents per day. His little family now consisted of three 
 persons. In the spring following he obtained employment 
 in a brick-yard at ^40 per month, at moulding; but choos- 
 ing to work double time, he made much more than that 
 sum. He was now soon enabled, with one of his country- 
 men, to start a brick-yard of his own west of Freeman 
 street. This was his first start in life. They soon opened 
 another yard on Laurel street. From this they moved 
 their business into Storrs township, across Mill creek. 
 Their business increased to a very great extent, making 
 tens of thousands daily, and supplying many large buildings. 
 He was all the time clerk, superintendent, and workman. 
 This business was carried on very successfully for more 
 than eight years. On January 28th, 1855, he bought the 
 distillery of George W. Skaats, for $15,000, without paying 
 down a cent of money. He was to pay for it in five yearly 
 instalments, his personal honor only being required as 
 security. In this new adventure he commenced very suc- 
 cessfully ; but in the course of six months the whole estab- 
 lishment, together with a large amount of corn and other 
 material, including seven hundred fat hogs, was consumed 
 by fire ; the errtire loss not being less than $80,000, not 
 over one-tenth being covered by insurance. One hundred 
 men were the next day put to work to clear away the rub- 
 bish. In less than a month a three-story brick building 
 was ready for the machinery. But at this time a great 
 storm sweeping over this part of the country levelled his 
 new building to the ground. Still the man turned not 
 from his purpose. In eighty-five days from the fire his 
 works were in full operation. But hard times now set in. 
 ^Yith a great debt upon him, borrowing from numerous 
 sources, and receiving the invaluable services of his two 
 friends, Uavid Gibson and George W. Skaats, he finally 
 came out triumphant. During the war his business became 
 enormous, and he accumulated a vast amount of money. 
 In 1866 his business had assumed such dimensions that 
 during the year he actually paid a government tax of over a 
 million and a quarter of dollars. During all this time he 
 was his own bookkeeper and manager. What is remark- 
 able, too, Mr. Gerke had never been in school a single day, 
 and had hardly acquired the simplest rudiments of an Eng- 
 lish or German education. In 1864 he purchased one-half 
 of the Eagle Brewery of Joseph Schallcr. In 1868 he built 
 the Union Distillery, No. 9, still in operation. He was 
 three years Trustee of Storrs township, was the first Aider- 
 man of the Twenty-first Ward, and has served two years as 
 Treasurer of Hamilton county. The duties of these posi- 
 
48 
 
 lilOGRArniCAL ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 
 
 tions he has filled with peculiar faithfulness. So great was 
 his popularity that he ran 2200 votes ahead of his ticket in 
 the race for the Treasurership. Previously to starting to 
 America (in 1843) he was married to Margaret Konnon, 
 of Neppen. Of eleven children in his family only three 
 are now living. George is now engaged in his father’s 
 business, and in a way highly gratifying to his father. At 
 the time of his marriage Mr. Gerke was without money, but 
 his wife had ^300, on which they came to America and 
 started life at Fort Wayne, Indiana. Although Mr. Gerke 
 belongs to more social and secret orders than any Western 
 man, when he is sick, or money is otherwise due him from 
 them, he receives none, but orders his dues to be paid to 
 the orphan or other benevolent institutions. Few men 
 have been so characteristically liberal in all their dealings. 
 Being a Catholic, he does not adhere to the strict formulae 
 of the church ; believes in the power of the great God, and 
 not that of the priest; supports all churches and believes in 
 them, lie pays regular fees to thirty-eight secret, social, 
 and benevolent organizations. He has paid more business 
 taxes than any man in Cincinnati in his business, and de- 
 frauded no man out of a cent justly due him. This is a re- 
 markable career, having many examples of pluck, persever- 
 ance, economy, industry, and honorable dealing worthy of 
 imitation. Mr. Gerke possesses most of the true elements 
 of success in life, with great force of character, business 
 integrity, benevolence of disposition, and all those qualities 
 that gather friends without respect to party. He thinks 
 America the best country in the world for a poor man, and 
 considers himself one of her best Democrats, as he holds no 
 bonds, but turns his money into channels beneficial to his 
 government and useful to his fellow-men. 
 
 father. 
 
 HUMPHREYS, JOSEPH BLOOMFIELD, of Cin- 
 cinnati, was born June l6th, 1802, in Dublin, 
 Ireland, and his baptismal register may be found 
 in the parish church of Clontarf. He was the 
 fourth of five children, whose parents were Isaac 
 Humphreys and Elizabeth Montgomery. His 
 native of Ireland, came to America before the 
 Revolution, was raised and educated in Philadelphia, was 
 occupied as a farmer through life, and died in 1850 at 
 Marietta, Ohio. He settled in Marietta previous to Burr’s 
 conspiracy, and at one time represented Washington county 
 as a Senator in the Ohio Legislature. The mother of 
 Joseph was a native of Philadelphia, dying in that city in 
 1826. His facilities for obtaining an early education were 
 limited ; but his progress, necessarily slow for the want of 
 advantages, was by his industi-y made thorough and of 
 practical use. At the age of fifteen he began life for him- 
 self as a clerk in the clerk’s office of AVashington county, 
 Ohio, and this position he held for five years. This he left 
 to accept a desk in the Ohio Land Company’s office, and 
 
 after a year’s service was taken as clerk on an Ohio river 
 steam packet. I'rom 1824 to 1829 he was in the office of 
 the County Clerk of Hamilton county, Ohio, and during 
 the last year he was Secretary pro te 7 n. of the Cincinnati 
 Municipal Council. The three subsequent years were 
 spent by him as assistant to the County Auditor of Hamilton 
 county. From 1833 to 1849 engaged in farming in 
 Sycamore township of same county. From 1849 1863 
 
 he engaged and continued in service as an assistant in the 
 Auditor’s office of Hamilton county, Ohio; and from 1863 
 to 1865 he filled a responsible post in the First National 
 Bank of Cincinnati. From 1865 to 1873 he again served 
 as assistant in the office of the Hamilton County Auditor. 
 In 1S73 '’2 elected Auditor of Hamilton county, Ohio; 
 his term of incumbency ending November loth, 1875. 
 has therefore spent no small portion of his life (forty-two 
 years) in positions of public trust and responsibility. He 
 was married in March, 1833, to Martha L. Pendery, a 
 daughter of Alexander Pendery, who settled in Hamilton 
 county in 1805, and is the father of eleven children. He 
 was whilom an old-line Whig, and during the civil war a 
 Republican. He is a man of fine social qualities and a 
 conscientious churchman. 
 
 yTRONG, HON. ROBERT O., City Solicitor of 
 Cincinnati, was born in that city August 2d, 1846. 
 He is the son of D. E. A. Strong, and his family 
 were among the earliest settlers of Hamilton 
 county. He was educated at the Miami Univer- 
 sity, at Oxford, Ohio, whence he graduated with 
 honor in 1867. He then engaged in the study of the law 
 with E. A. Ferguson, of Cincinnati, and pursued the regu- 
 lar course at the Law School of the Cincinnati College, 
 whence he graduated in the spring of 1869, and was then 
 admitted to the bar. He at once devoted himself to a 
 vigorous prosecution of his professional duties. In recog- 
 nition of his ability he was placed in nomination for the 
 State Legislature by the Democratic party of Hamilton 
 county, in 1S71, and triumphantly elected. Having been 
 elected Prosecuting Attorney for the county in the fall of 
 1872, he resigned his seat in the Legislature to enter upon 
 the duties of that office. He fulfilled the duties thus de- 
 volving upon him so acceptably that he was elected City 
 Solicitor for two years, in April, 1875. He died January 
 i8th, 1876. 
 
 AO 5 
 
 G yiHoODENOW, HON. JOHN MILTON, late Judge 
 of the Supreme Court of Ohio, was born in West- 
 moreland, Cheshire county. New Hampshire, in 
 the year 1782. He was of Puritan ancestry, and 
 bore the name of one of the most renowned that 
 adorns the history of that wonderful people. His 
 education was the best attainable in the public schools of 
 
BIOGRArillCAL E^XVCLOI^EDIA. 
 
 49 
 
 that early clay. lie embarked for a time in mercantile pur- 
 suits, but wa-s unfortunate, lie next commenced the study 
 of the law at Canton, Stark county, Ohio, in iSii. After 
 his admission to the bar he practised at Steubenville, Ohio. 
 He was elected to Congress in 1S29, but before the close 
 of the first session he was appointed a Judge of the Supreme 
 Court. Owing to ill-health h^ was compelled to resign. 
 In the spring of 1S32 he removed to Cincinnati, where, in 
 1833, he was appointed President Judge. He died July 
 20th, 183S, leaving a disconsolate widow and two daughters 
 to mourn his loss. As a law'yer he was wmll-read, skilful, 
 quick, and adroit in seizing a point of law and in confusing 
 his antagonist, and he was an able jurist. He w'as twice 
 married, leaving one daughter by each union. 
 
 ^ /i'^^.VLLOWAY, REV. JOHN SMIIH, the son of 
 C'll\ John and Margaret (Smith) Calloway, was born 
 Oil I) Cettysburg, Pennsylvania, August 5th, 1806. 
 
 jje belonged to a good old Presbyterian stock. 
 
 His father was a ruling elder in the church of 
 ^ Cettysburg, under the pastorates of Rev. Drs. 
 Will iam Paxton and David McConaughy, and his ancestors 
 on the maternal side for three generations were also ruling 
 elders in the Presbyterian Church in this country and in 
 Ireland, from whence they emigrated to the United Col- 
 onies early in the eighteenth century, and were then recog- 
 nized as connected wdth that portion of the people usually 
 designated as “ Scotch-Irish.” The cdiaracter of their an- 
 cestors may be learned by the coat of arms wdiich is to be 
 seen engraved on the ancient marble which covers their 
 graves in the beautiful cemetery at Cettysburg, Pennsyl- 
 vania. With such a lineage it was reasonable to expect 
 corresponding results. The subject of this .sketch, after a 
 careful academic training, entered Jefferson College, at 
 Cannonsburg, Pennsylvania, then under the Presidency of 
 Rev. Dr. Brown, and graduated in 1826. During his col- 
 lege course he was led to seek the Saviour, and his parents’ 
 hearts were gladdened by his giving himself to God in the 
 work of the ministry. To this holy w’ork they had dedi- 
 cated him from his infancy. He entered the Theological 
 Seminary at Princeton, New Jersey, under the Presidency 
 of the elder Dr. A. Alexander, and graduated in 1829. He 
 was licensed by the Presbytery of Carlisle in 1828. After 
 leaving the seminary he preached for a time in Chambers- 
 hurg and Mercersburg, Pennsylvania, and also at Frederick, 
 Maryland ; and then leaving the home of his nativity and 
 turning his face westward, took charge of the united con- 
 gregations of Newton, in Muskingum county, and Somer- 
 set, Perry county, Ohio-. Instead of settling in these 
 churches, as he was desired to do, he accepted an appoint- 
 ment as agent of the Board of Education, in w’hich he 
 continued until invited to the church of Springfield, Ohio, 
 where he began his labors in April, 1832. He accepted 
 7 
 
 the call of this church, and was ordained and installed as 
 pastor by Miami Presbytery on October 3d, 1832. October 
 9th, 1832, he married Belinda Gardner, of Chillicothc, 
 Ohio. His charge at Springfield was his only jiastoral 
 charge, and was one of the most useful in the history of the 
 Presbyterian Church. Brother Galloway was among min- 
 isters “the beloved disciple.” Though highly impulsive 
 and emotional, he w'as never known under the influence of 
 evil passion. The cross and life of Christ was the constant 
 theme of his effective ministrations. He never took part in 
 controversy in the spirit of a partisan, yet w'as ever ready to 
 take a decided .stand on all important questions. The 
 church of .Springfield was held together during the disrup- 
 tion of 1S37-38 by his wisdom, the prudence of his course, 
 and the power of his personal influence. He was an indus- 
 trious and uniform laborer. His church at Springfield had 
 a constant increase. The additions from year to year, 
 mostly on examination, amounted in all to 553 during his 
 pastorate. Before he resigned the charge in Springfield he 
 had felt himself seriously disabled in his ministry by im- 
 paired hearing, wdiich continued to the end of his life. 
 This, how'ever, did not hinder his- labors or usefulness to 
 any great extent. Soon after the pastoral relation was dis- 
 solved he accepted an agency for the American Bible 
 Society, and entered this service at the beginning of the 
 year 1851, in which he continued with great zeal and suc- 
 cess for eleven years. A more acceptable and unblamable 
 public servant for such a field could not be found. About 
 a year before his decease he took charge of Cooper Female 
 Academy, at Dayton, Ohio, and in his first year he had 
 made substantial progress in restoring the patronage and 
 character of the institution to its former high degree, when 
 he was' suddenly called away from his labors. He died 
 August 25th, 1862, and his mortal remains were taken to 
 Springfield, Ohio, and buried in the cemetery at that place, 
 with four of his children who preceded him and one since ; 
 leaving a beloved wife and three children to mourn the loss 
 of a devoted husband and father. Dr. Thomas E. Thomas, 
 lately deceased, W'rote of him as follows: “ Brother Gallo- 
 way W'as a man of strong natural sense, of an amiable 
 temper, and w'arm affections. I le w'as distinguished by 
 simplicity of character, purity, frankness, and earnestness 
 of purpose. His juety was unquestioned, uniform, con- 
 sistent, ardent. Modesty, humility, and love were among 
 his characteristic Christian excellencies. As a preacher he 
 was simple, sincere, scriptural, practical, and affectionate.” 
 
 REED, W. J., Manufacturer, the son of A. 1 ). 
 Breed, and a member of the firm of Crane, 
 Breed & Co., was born in Fairhaven, Massachu- 
 setts, in 1835, received a thorough common 
 school education in New England. He w’as 
 nearly jirepared for a regular collegiate course at 
 Rhillips’ Academy, Andover, but impaired health prevented 
 
50 
 
 LIOGRAPJIICAL ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 his entering college. In 1S54 he came to Cincinnati, hut 
 stayed only a short time, returning to New England. In 
 1S55 he went back to Cincinnati and was employed by the 
 firm of Crane, Breed & Co. in various capacities. In i860 
 he purchased the interest of John Mills, of Marietta, Ohio, 
 and became a member of the firm, and has since been con- 
 nected with it in that capacity, lie is, like his father, a 
 gentleman of decided energy, of fine business tact and of 
 unimpeachable integrity. He was married in April, 1869, 
 to Laura Adams, of Boston, Massachusetts. 
 
 I OUGLAS, ROBERT L., Life Underwriter, was 
 born of Scotch ancestry, Septemher 4th, 1831, in 
 Oneida county. New York. He was educated 
 at the Clinton Liberal Institute, New York ; 
 from 1848 to 1850 was a clerk in a wholesale 
 and retail dry-goods store in Buffalo; from 1850 ! 
 in a wholesale dry-goods house in New York; 
 from 1855 to 1857 was associated with the largest whole- ' 
 sale liquor establishment on the Pacific coast, in San P'ran- j 
 cisco; from 1857 to 1861 was a salesman again in a| 
 wholesale dry-goods house in New York. In 1862 he 
 entered into the business of life insurance, and has been 
 constantly employed as General Agent from that time in 
 New York and Ohio — since 1865 in the latter State for the 
 Charter Oak Life Insurance Company of Hartford, Con- 
 necticut, the reputation of which he has ably sustained, his 
 ]dace of business being 73 West Third street, Cincinnati. 
 He has been twice married: first to Itlaria, daughter of 
 the Hon. A. Billings, of Oneida county. New York, on the 
 29th of October, 1857; second to Margaret, daughter of D. 
 ■S. Drake, Lsq., of Marion county, Ohio, on June 1st, 1869. 
 The life insurance business in Ohio owes a very great 
 reform to the exertions of Mr. Douglas for his sagacity in 
 conceiving plans for, and his exertions in, founding a Life 
 Underwriters’ Association. P’or years he had felt the neces- 
 sity of a reform in the agency work. Life insurance agents, 
 from a want of appreciation of the inestimable value to 
 society of their business, had become so aggressive as to 
 bring contumely upon themselves as a class, and conse- 
 quently to degrade it in the public estimation. To correct 
 this and other abuses, which had engrafted themselves upon 
 the workings of the agency .system of life insurance, Mr. 
 Douglas and four other gentlemen called a meeting of the 
 agents in Cincinnati, in 1872, which proved to be the 
 nucleus of a Life Underwriters’ Association for Cincinnati, 
 Mr. Douglas writing the original constitution and by-laws. 
 The success of this was so surprising in accomplishing the 
 purposes for w’hich it was designed that six months later a 
 State association was formed, of which Mr. Douglas is 
 President. The movement so happily begun in Ohio has 
 extended over the Union, the constitution and by-laws of 
 those of Ohio being essentially adopted by the organizations | 
 
 of other States. The good eft'ects of the system in elevating 
 i the reputation of the business, promoting harmony and 
 kind fellowship among agents of different companies, is a 
 ' matter of general rejoicing with them, and Mr. Douglas as 
 ' the founder of this reform has become widely and pleasantly 
 I known. He is a free contributor to the insurance literature 
 of the day, and alert in attacking any abuse, no matter how 
 elevated or powerful its source. 
 
 ECKWITH, S. R., M. D., was born in Bronson, 
 Ohio, on November 22d, 1832. His parents 
 were William W. Beckwith and Annie Herrick. 
 His father, one of the first settlers of Huron 
 county, Ohio, died iii i860, on the farm on 
 which he had lived for more than forty years. 
 The subject of this biography received such an education 
 as is usually given to the sons of farmers. At the age of 
 fourteen he entered the Norwalk Academy, and continued 
 his studies until he was eighteen, when he commenced the 
 study of medicine with Dr. John Tefft, a prominent physi- 
 cian and surgeon of Norwalk, Ohio. After completing his 
 medical education in the colleges of Cleveland and New 
 York he commenced practice with his preceptor, and in a 
 few months married his daughter, Laura L. Tefft. During 
 the year he remained in Norwalk he performed several im- 
 portant surgical operations, which attracted the notice of 
 the trustees of the Cleveland Homoeopathic College, and he 
 was appointed Professor of Surgery in that institution. He 
 removed to Cleveland after delivering his first course of 
 lectures, and commenced the practice of surgery. In a 
 short time he was appointed surgeon to the different rail- 
 roads entering the city, and in connection with the roads 
 established a private hospital known as the .Surgical Re- 
 treat. He has always taken an interest in the education 
 of poor young men ; he makes it a rule to take one student 
 annually in his office and assist in his education. As a 
 reward for this generosity he now has the pleasure of 
 knowing that all thus assisted are prominent medical men ; 
 several of them are teachers in medical colleges. In 1870, 
 on account of Mrs. Beckwith’s health, he removed to Cin- 
 cinnati, and commenced the practice of his profession in a 
 new field, devoting his time mostly to medical consultations 
 and operative surgery. The physicians of his school 
 availed themselves of his experience and skill as a surgeon, 
 and he now has a more lucrative practice than before. One 
 portion of his practice is worthy to mention. He has oper- 
 ated fifty-eight times for ovarian tumors with a loss of but 
 four patients; his success is attributed to the beneficial 
 action of the medicines given by physicians of his school, 
 more than to any peculiarity in operating. In 1872 he re- 
 signed his professorship in the Cleveland College, and with 
 a few others organized the Pulte College, where he still 
 holds the chair of Surgery. . Although his time seemed to 
 

 
BIOGRAI'IIICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 51 
 
 be fully occupied, yet he has written a work on surgery of 
 more than 800 pages, ready for the press ; and two years 
 since he purcliased the large properly and organized the 
 incorporation known as the Sanitarium, for the treatment 
 of nervous and mental diseases. He brought this institu- 
 tion into e.xistence to prove that insane people could always 
 be treated without mechanical restraint, and their delusions 
 cured by kindness and amusements to occupy their minds. 
 Ilis e.xpeclations have been more than realized. There 
 have been more than three hundred patients admitted, with 
 a ratio of ninety per cent, of cures of acute mania. 
 
 S3, 
 
 ^UIIME, IIER^L\NN, Manufacturing Jeweller and 
 Merchant, of the house of Duhme & Co., Cincin- 
 nati, was born, June I4ih, 1819, on a farm in the 
 Dukedom of Osnabruck, Kingdom of Hanover, 
 Germany. In 1834 he came with his father (who 
 led a band of emigrants) to Springfield, Ohio. 
 He soon became a clerk in a wholesale jewelry and fancy 
 store in Cincinnati, and in 1S42, when twenty-three years 
 of age, was enabled by close economy and industry to start 
 the business there on his own account. Shortly after the 
 opening of the war of the rebellion he established the 
 manufacturing of jewelry in connection with his other 
 business, an especial feature of which was that of diamond- 
 setting. Designing was introduced ; alchemy was added, 
 .steam power used in every department, and nothing was 
 left undone until a complete diamond-selling and gold and 
 silverware manufacturing establishment was perfected. It 
 finally became, as it yet remains, the only establishment of 
 the kind of magnitude in the West. It has over two hun- 
 dred workmen constantly employed, and its salesrooms, on 
 the corner of Fourth and Walnut streets, Cincinnati, with 
 a frontage of fifty and a depth of one hundred feet, are 
 the most extensive of the kind on the continent. Its whole- 
 sale and retail customers are numbered by thousands, while 
 its goods find their way into every Slate of the Union. 
 
 
 i 
 
 t^OMSTOCK, THEODORE, Manufacturer, was 
 .born. May ist, 1818, in Sharon township, Frank- 
 lin county, Ohio. He is the son of Buckley and 
 Margaret J. Comstock. The family had settled 
 for many generations in New England, and in 
 1811 Mr. Buckley Comstock removed to Ohio 
 and settled in Franklin county. He was a very extensive 
 and successful farmer, and was also largely engaged in the 
 commission and forwarding and pork-packing businesses. 
 Theodore Comstock was educated in such schools as were 
 common in the days of his boyhood, and worked on his 
 father’s farm till eighteen years of age, when he entered a 
 dry-goods store at Worthington. At the expiration of two 
 
 years he became clerk in the commission house in Colum- 
 bus, of which his father was part owner. In 1S49 he com- 
 menced the commission business on his own account, and 
 his industry and enterprise in a few years added pork- 
 packing, the manufacture of lard oil and flour-milling. In 
 these pursuits he was actively and profitably engaged till 
 1858, when failing health compelled him to retire for a few 
 years from business life. On his restoration to health he 
 again devoted himself for several years to business, being 
 extensively engaged in the lumber trade and various manu- 
 facturing enterprises. He has also invested largely in many 
 other manufacturing interests in Columbus; he has been a 
 stockholder and director of the 1 locking Valley Railroad 
 from its commencement to the present time. From 1852 
 for twenty-one years he has been a member of the City 
 Council, and President five years, and has greatly interested 
 himself in the material prosperity of the State capital ; for 
 three years he was County Commissioner. He was ap- 
 pointed, by Governor Chase, Trustee of the Deaf and 
 Dumb Asylum for three years. Governor Dennison aji- 
 pointed him for three years Director of the Ohio Penitentiary. 
 Mr. Comstock has carried into his public life the same 
 energy and business sagacity that have marked his more 
 private enterprises. He was married in 1841 to Catharine 
 E. .Styles, of Worthington ; his family consists of five 
 children. 
 
 TROBRIDGE, HINES, Lithographer, was born, 
 November 28th, 1823, in Solon, Corllandt county. 
 New York. His father, James Gordon .Stro- 
 bridge, was by profe.ssion a contractor on public 
 works, a native of Claremont, New Hampshire, 
 and the fourth in descent from William Stro- 
 bridge, born in Londonderry, Ireland, in 1687. His 
 mother, Nancy Maybury, was a native of Wilkesbarrc, 
 Pennsylvania. In his infancy the family emigrated to 
 Hamilton, Canada. In 1843 came from Canada to 
 Cincinnati, and engaged in the dry goods business with his 
 brother and on his own account. From 1848 to 1854 he 
 was bookkeeper for the Methodist Book Concern. In 
 1854 he formed a partnership for the carrying on of litho- 
 graphy with E. C. Middleton and W. R. Wallace. The 
 latter-named soon withdi-ew, and Mr. Middleton in 1861. 
 In 1868 the firm of Strobridge & Co. was formed into a 
 joint stock company, with William Sumner as president 
 and Mr. .Strobridge as manager. When the latter first en- 
 gaged in lithography it was a comparatively small irrterest 
 in the country, the entire value of work then annually done 
 in the city not amounting to $^ 0 , 000 : the printing was 
 entirely by hand-presses. Within a very few years the 
 lithographic power-press has been introduced, which has 
 revolutionized the business and rendered lithographic 
 printing perhaps nearly, if not rprite, as cheap as botrk 
 printing fifty years ago. The amount of business has nrore 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF 
 ILLINOIS LIBRARY. 
 
52 
 
 B I O G R A r n I C A L E \ C Y C L O P . 1 D T A . 
 
 than tenfolded in Cincinnati since 1854. It exceeds annu- 
 ally half a million in value. The establishment of Stro- 
 bi idge & Co., on the corner of Fourth and Race streets, is 
 the most extensive west of New York. All varieties of 
 lithographic work are executed. The house is noted for 
 its exquisitely beautiful chromos. Its corps of lithographic 
 artists are capable of anything within the domain of the 
 art. From the presses of this house first originated the 
 series of Middleton’s celebrated national oil portraits, 
 \Yashington, Martha Washington, etc. The head of John 
 Wesley, issued by it in 1858, was the first successful 
 chromo-portrait in the country. 
 
 f:URDSAL, JAMES S., Wholesale Druggist, was 
 born in Hamilton county, Ohio, November 4th, 
 1S27, to which locality his parents, Aaron and 
 Nancy Burdsal, emigrated from New Jersey in 
 1804. The first ten years of his life were spent 
 upon his father’s farm, and in the discipline of 
 parental care and the labor of farm work he acquired a 
 strength of character and vigor of physical system which 
 have jiroven to be of inestimable value in his maturer years. 
 Though small of stature, he was exceedingly active and 
 strong, and his schoolmates well remember the superiority 
 he enjoyed in all athletic exercises. He was very fleet of 
 foot, and had the reputation of being the strongest youth 
 of his size and weight in Cincinnati. At eleven years of 
 age he entered the employ of his brothers in the drug 
 business, at the northeast corner of Main and Fifth streets, 
 Cincinnati, and with the exception of two terms at the old 
 Cincinnati College, previous to its destruction by fire, he 
 has been in the same business ever since. His tuition then 
 was paid for by the services he rendered at the store out of 
 school hours, and notwithstanding this tax upon his time 
 he always kept well up with his classes. His studying had 
 to be done after the store closed, at ten o’clock at night. 
 It was his desire and intention to pursue a full course at 
 this or some other institution, but his brothers found his 
 services so valuable to them that he felt it a duty to yield 
 to their wishes and give his entire time to business, though 
 he still did not neglect his studies after the day’s business 
 duties were done. By such a course of training and study 
 Mr. Burdsal prepared himself for the active and untiring 
 business life to which he has devoted himself. In 1850, 
 with his brother. Colonel H. W. Burdsal (now deceased), 
 he purchased the stock of George H. Bates & Co., and 
 began business at their old stand, corner of Main and 
 Front streets, Cincinnati. On this corner, it is said, the 
 first drug store in Cincinnati was established, seventy- 
 five years ago, and it has been used for the same business 
 ever since, Mr. Burdsal himself having occupied it for the 
 last twenty-five years. At first the firm occupied but one 
 storehouse, but with increasing business they have been 
 
 compelled to enlarge their accommodations until now they 
 use the three stores. Nos. i, 3 and 5 Main street, besides a 
 large warehouse and au extensive chemical Laboratory, at 
 the corner of Eighth and Broadway, capable of supplying 
 an almost unlimited quantity of chemicals and other manu- 
 factures in their line of trade. The well-known firm of 
 James S. Burdsal & Co. has a business reputation co- 
 extensive with the West and South, where their business is 
 principally transacted, and to all the details of this vast 
 business Mr. Burdsal gives his immediate personal atten- 
 tion, having his desk located right in the midst of his 
 employes and where all can have direct access to him for 
 advice and instruction. In 1850 Mr. Burdsal married 
 Mary F. Wood, eldest daughter of William Wood, Esq., 
 of Cincinnati, and they have been blessed with a consider- 
 able family of .sons and daughters. I'or about thirty years 
 Mr. Burdsal has been an earnest and devoted member of 
 the Methodist Episcopal Church, and has occupied in that 
 denomination many important and influential positions, 
 having been at various times trustee, steward, class-leader, 
 member of the Board of Council of the Church at large, 
 trustee of the Home Mission organization, etc., etc. Prob- 
 ably his most vigorous efforts have been given to the de- 
 partment of Sunday-school work. In this field he has been 
 for a score of years past one of the most prominent laborers, 
 and he was one of the earliest advocates of system and 
 thoroughness in the teaching of Sabbath-schools. To this 
 cause he contributes the same energy and enthusiasm that 
 characterize him in his secular business pursuits. As a 
 Sabbath-school superintendent he has long experience and 
 few equals, and as a speaker to children his services are 
 eagerly sought for in all directions where his Sunday-school 
 acquaintance extends. Though still a young man, well 
 inside the mark of fifty, he has made for himself a business 
 character and a reputation well worthy of the ambition of 
 all young men, and by his success he gives new evidence 
 of the truth, that the power to gain an enviable and honor- 
 able position in life lies within the reach of any young man 
 who will with singleness of aim and jnirpose devote himself 
 to business and to the acquisition of practical knowledge. 
 
 URSEL, SMITH, retired Farmer, was bom. May 
 30th, 1804, in Union township, Ross county, 
 Ohio. His father was a Virginia farmer, who 
 removed to Ross county about the year iSoo, and 
 was among the pioneers of that section. He 
 settled in Union township, where he resided, 
 engaged in agricultural pursints until his death. He was 
 one of three of the original Democrats of the township. 
 His wife was a native of Delaware, who, with her father 
 and five brothers, came to Ohio at a very early day with 
 General Massie and located at Station Prairie, near Chilli- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.-L DIA. 
 
 53 
 
 cothe. Her brother, Samuel Smith, was the first justice 
 of tlie peace that held the office in Ross county. Smith 
 Pursel obtained his education in the ordinary log cabin 
 school of those primitive times, and from an early age was 
 trained to labor on his father’s farm. When he arrived at 
 man’s estate he continued the same avocation, which he 
 followed until 1S74, when, having attained the age of 
 threescore years and ten, he retired to take his ease and 
 enjoy the fruit of his labors in Chillicothe. Faithful to the 
 traditions of the family he has ever been a consistent 
 Democrat, but has steadily refused to accept office, content 
 to do his duty as a citizen, who ever takes a deep interest 
 in all that pertains to the honor, glory and welfare of the 
 country. His religious views are not circumscribed by the 
 doctrines of any particular church, but he is a sincere 
 believer in the Christian principle of charity toward all. 
 He h.as passed through life quietly, without making any 
 display, but is esteemed by the community among whom he 
 resides as a man of unimpeachable integrity and honest 
 jntrpose. He was married, September 28th, i828_, to 
 Phoebe Clark, of Ross county, and is the father of eight 
 children. 
 
 of 1812. 
 
 OLLETT, M.\RTIX DEWRY, Lawyer, Marietta, 
 was born in Enosburg, Vermont, on October 8th, 
 1826. His ancestors were of Scotch and English 
 descent, and in this country the name has ap- 
 peared often on the roll of honor. His grand- 
 father, uncle and his father served in the war 
 In 1836 John F. Follett, the father of the subject 
 of this sketch, moved to Ohio and settled at Johnstown, | 
 Leibring county, bringing with him his entire family, con- i 
 sisting of his wife and nine children. He first attended the 
 common school, and on leaving school, up to the time he 
 was twenty-one years of age, lived with his father on his 
 farm, when he left his home for Granville Academy, and 
 wxs at Granville College two years, completing his educa- j 
 tion at Marietta College, all of which he paid for bv his 
 own efforts ; and when he graduated it was at the head of 
 his class and with the highest honors. On leaving college 
 he began teaching school, first at Marietta for one year, 
 then at X'ewark, Ohio, then for one year at Marietta Col- 
 lege; he was then made Superintendent of the Public 
 Schools of Marietta for two years. Having during this 
 time studied law, on leaving his last position he began the 
 practice, locating in Marietta in 1859, since which time he 
 has practised continuously. In politics he has always been 
 a Democrat, and in 1866 was nominated by the Democrats 
 as their candidate for Congress. In 1868 the same compli- 
 ment was tendered him. The district has always been 
 largely in favor of the dominant party; so success was not 
 expected, yet the large vote polled in his favor shows the 
 great esteem in which he is held. He was married on 
 
 December 19th, 1856, to Harriet L. Shipman, of Marietta, 
 Ohio; and married a second time, on January 6th, 1875, to 
 Abbie M. Bailey, of Lowell, Massachusetts. 
 
 AMILTOX’', JOHX A., Lawyer, was born in Pitts- 
 burgh, Pennsylvania, on August 2d, 1847. His 
 father was Dr. David Hamilton, a well-known 
 medical practitioner of that city, of which also 
 his mother, Ruth Allen, was a native. The 
 family removed to Marietta, Ohio, in 1853. 
 John A. attended the public schools of Marietta for his 
 preliminary education, and completed it at the High School 
 in that city. On leaving school, in August, 1863, he at 
 once entered the army as a private, joining the 2d Ohio 
 Artillery, with which he served until r'ebruary, 1864, when 
 he was detailed as Private Secretary to General Hugh 
 Ewing, then commanding the 2d Division, District of 
 Kentucky. This position he filled until Augu.st, 1S65, 
 when he was mustered out of the service. He then re- 
 turned to Marietta, and engaged in mercantile business 
 until 1867, when, having a preference for the law, he com- 
 menced its study with Golonel David Alban, and in due 
 course was admitted to the bar, in the spring of 1871, by 
 the District Court then in session at Gallipolis, Ohio. Im- 
 mediately thereafter he became a member of the firm of 
 Knowles, Alban & Hamilton. From this copartnership 
 Colonel Alban retired in December, 1874, but the remain- 
 ing partners continued under the firm-name of Knowles & 
 Hamilton until the fall of 1875, when Mr. Knowles was 
 elected to fill a vacancy on the Common Pleas bench. He 
 then formed a partnership with Judge L. W. Chamberlain, 
 which last-named firm are now engaged in jiractising at the 
 Washington county bar. He h.as always been a Repub- 
 lican in politics, though in 1872 he espoused the Greeley 
 cause, and made a vigorous canvass of his county for that 
 cause. He was married in iCya to Mary M. Martin, of 
 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 
 
 ILL, COLOXEL WILLIAM IL, General Business 
 Agent of the Ohio Patrons of Husbandry, was 
 born, January 21st, 1826, in Hummelstown, Dau- 
 ])hin county, Pennsylvania, and is of German 
 descent. His father was a merchant, having a 
 store of general merchandise, and died in the 
 East when William was quite young. His mother, a noble 
 woman, moved with her family to Winchester, Indiana, 
 where she gave her children the best education in her 
 power, that afforded by the common schools. His first 
 step after leaving school was to learn the carding and 
 
54 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 spinning business, in which he was engaged until he began 
 for himself the mercantile trade and milling business, which 
 was prosecuted with the great energy so characteristic of 
 Colonel Hill. In 1S62, when the great war of the rebellion 
 was fully inaugurated and all the loyal sons of the United 
 States were preparing to defend our flag, he was among the 
 first to settle his business and enroll his name in the 8ist 
 Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was chosen Captain 
 of Company A. On the 12th day of August, 1S64, in an 
 engagement in front of Atlanta, Colonel Hill received a 
 gunshot wound in his left hand, and was sent to the hos- 
 pital in Cincinnati. Before he had sufficiently recovered 
 to return to his regiment he was assigned to duty on a court 
 martial. As soon as he was relieved from that duty he 
 immediately returned to his regiment, and remained with it 
 until the war had closed with the surrender of General Lee. 
 He was then with his regiment mustered out of the service 
 at Camp Dennison. He entered the service at the com- 
 mencement of the war and attained the rank of Lieutenant- 
 Colonel. His war record is so good that he and his friends 
 are justly proud of it. Very few men who drew their 
 swords at the commencement of that terrible struggle 
 served their country with greater devotion through the 
 entire rebellion than did the gallant officer whose name 
 stands at the head of our biographical sketch. On return- 
 ing to civil life he found thousands of poor soldiers who 
 had not yet received the money due them from the United 
 States, and on their solicitation he ojiened in Cincinnati a 
 war claim and real estate office, and was en.abled to greatly 
 aid the noble defenders of the country he loved so well. 
 It is safe to say that no claim agent in the State had a 
 larger business. In the spring of 1868 he removed to a 
 farm in Butler county, where he remained till 1870, when 
 he removed to his valuable farm in Sycamore township, 
 Hamilton county. During the last seven years he has been 
 largely engaged in farming. Without doubt Colonel Hill 
 grew and harvested more wheat on his farm last summer 
 (1875) than any other f.trmer in his township. In August, 
 1873, he assisted in organizing Eden Grange, No. 97, 
 Patrons of Husbandry. When the Hamilton County Coun- 
 cil was instituted. Colonel Hill was chosen for its special 
 Business Agent. On the 29th of July, 1874, after the 
 County Council had become thoroughly organized, he was 
 appointed Business Agent of the .State, the locating office 
 being at Sharon; but, business increased so rapidly, it was 
 necessary to open an office in Cincinnati, which was accom- 
 plished on April ist, 1875, with local agents in varioirs 
 parts of the State. On the 1st day of October, 1S75, the 
 business had become so extensive that a large warehouse 
 was opened at No. 63 Walnut street, Cincinnati. He has 
 now (November 12th, 1875) several assistants, with business 
 increasing so rapidly that more clerical force will soon be 
 employed in his counting-room. The following advertise- 
 ment from the Cincinnati Daily Conitnercial shows the 
 manner in which all purchases are made: 
 
 Proposals will be received at the Business Office of the 
 Ohio .State Grange, 63 Walnut street, Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 until the 15th day of November, 1875, *- o’clock M., 
 
 for furnishing on the cars, at the place of manufactory, 500, 
 750 and icoo or more first-class, two-horse sulky corn- 
 cultivators, in lots of not less than one car-load at a time, 
 and at such times as the Business Agent may direct, said 
 cultivators to be ])aid for on or before July or August, 1876, 
 each bidder to furnish a sample cultivator on or before tlje 
 day of letting. The right is reserved to reject any and all 
 bids. Enclose in envelopes “ Bids for Cultivators,” and 
 direct to the undersigned. Box 50, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 W. 11. Hill, 
 
 Business Agent Ohio State Grange. 
 
 In 1874 Colonel Hill was a candidate for the office cf 
 County Commissioner, and although he was not elected, his 
 popularity in his own township was so great that he re- 
 ceived almost the entire vote. On September 8th, 1849, 
 he was married to Charlotte L. Kelley, at Winchester, 
 Indiana. Nine children have been born of this union, of 
 whom only six are now living. 
 
 "PPLV, JOHN P., Furnishing Undertaker, was 
 born at York, Pennsylvania, January 9th, 1818. 
 His grandparents were natives of Wurtemberg, 
 Germany. They emigrated to America about 
 1760, and settled in York county, Pennsylvania, 
 where his parents were born. In 1830 his father 
 purchased a large farm and mill property about five miles 
 south of Gettysburg, upon which in 1863 General Meade 
 rested his army during the night preceding the opening of 
 the celebrated battle of Gettysburg. The family removed 
 thither, and John was engaged in the labor incident to this 
 farm until 1836, when he became an a]iprentice to the house 
 carpentering trade. In November, 1837, he arrived in 
 Cincinnati with a cash capital of $i.So in his pocket. He 
 found work at once at the carpentering trade at 81.25 pet- 
 
 day, and commenced then to lay ihe foundation of a sub- 
 stantial education, by attending night schools and employing 
 all his leisure moments in study. In April, 1848, he en- 
 gaged with P. Rush & Son, undertakers, as bookkeeper 
 and assistant, and continued in this capacity until 1851, 
 when he found his cash capital, gathered from scanty earn- 
 ings, to be 8100. With this he resolved to start in business 
 on his own account, with the determination to make up in 
 energy and enterprise what he lacked in ready cash. In 
 1853 he constructed the first glass hearse in the United 
 States, and some years after he purchased in New Haven 
 and introduced into Cincinnati the first Clarence coach used 
 in that city. About the same time he secured the first oval 
 glass hearse known to that section of the country, and by 
 enterprises of this character acquired a business surpassed 
 1 )y none of the kind in southern Ohio. He was the first to 
 bring into use the metallic burial-case, and is the only un- 
 dertaker in Cincinnati who has kept up a regular supply 
 
^'^.->7/ r, /7- ' 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL LNCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 55 
 
 house for uiulerlakers’ goods. He has the credit alone of 
 success in producing a perfectly air-tight wood case and 
 casket. In addition to the manufacture of his own style 
 of cases, he has for a long time constructed his own hearses 
 and carriages, in an establishment which is one of the most 
 complete in all its mechanical appointments. Rendered 
 peculiarly susceptible to the taint of disease from the nature 
 of his business, he had the good fortune to pass un- 
 harmed through the dreadful cholera scourges of 1849-50 
 and 1866, and the ravages of the small-pox in Cincinnati. 
 He was a member of the old fire department of that city, 
 and contributed largely towards raising that important mu- 
 nicipal institution to its present excellent condition. He is 
 a man of liberal impulses, and an energetic supporter of 
 public improvements. He takes little interest in politics, 
 has no aspirations for civil office, and gives his entire atten- 
 tion to a business which, developed from a small beginning 
 with enterprise and care, is now the largest of its kind in 
 Cincinnati, or any point in the United States. 
 
 fISHER, SAMUEL WARE, D. D., LL. D., Cler- 
 g)man and College President, was born at Mor- 
 ristown, New Jersey, on April 5th, 1814. His 
 father was an eminent Presbyterian minister, for 
 many years in charge of the church at Morristown, 
 then one of the largest in the State ; and after- 
 ward for twenty years the pastor of the Presbyterian Church 
 in Paterson. He was the first Moderator of the General 
 Assembly of the New .School body after its separation from 
 the old, and was long recognized as one of the most earnest 
 workers in the church, to whose welfare his life was conse- 
 crated. To the example and counsels of such a father was 
 naturally owing something of the tastes and tendencies of the 
 son. Dr. h'isher was early initiated into the modes of thought 
 and action common to the great body with which he was 
 connected. Its traditions were all familiar to him from boy- 
 hood. The choice of a profession to a young man is some- 
 times difficult; the result of anxious deliberation, the 
 conclusion reached through much doubt and conflict. To 
 him it was easy ; a profession to which his life had been 
 naturaliy and divinely shaped ; the most satisfying and best, 
 he thought, which can be chosen by man. His desires and 
 wishes, his purposes and ambitions, if I may use the word 
 in its better sense, opened out in the direction of work for 
 and through the Presbyterian Church. Here was ground 
 ample and noble, whose every hillside and vale were familiar 
 
 to him, and it is perfectly natural that he should always 
 have felt himself most at home with the congregations and 
 presbyteries, the synods and assemblies of this powerful 
 body. He was graduated at Yale College in 1835, spent a 
 year in Middletown, Connecticut, pursued his theological 
 studies at IVinceton for two years, and completed them 
 afterwards at Union Theological Seminary in New York. 
 Immediately after leaving the seminary he became the 
 
 minister of the Presbyterian church in M'est Bloomfield, 
 New Jersey. During his ministry of a little more than four 
 years in this place his fidelity was crowned with two revivals 
 of religion. From there he removed in 1843 *0 ^ larger 
 and more trying field of labor, being installed on the 13111 
 of October in that year as pastor of the Fourth Presbyterian 
 Church of Albany. This position was one of unusual deli- 
 cacy and difficulty. The church was probably, at that time, 
 the largest in the whole denomination, having more than 
 nine hundred names upon the roll of its communicants. 
 The important work of his predecessors he supplemented by 
 other work quite as important in forming a complete and 
 sound Christian character, and a vigorous and active Chris- 
 tian church. The work that he did there has not lost its 
 value by the lapse of years, nor is the estimation of its im- 
 portance in the judgment of the most judicious observers 
 less than at first. The extent of his reputation as a vigorous 
 and effective preacher may be indicated by the fact that, in 
 October, 1846, he was called to succeed the most popular, 
 the most widely known, and the most powerful preacher of 
 the New .School body, in the Second Presbyterian Church of 
 Cincinnati, Dr. Lyman Beecher, and entered on the duties 
 of the service in April, 1S47. It "'tts not a small thing then 
 for a minister still young, comparatively unknown, to follow 
 in pulpit ministrations the most renowned pulpit orator, the 
 most powerful controversialist of the West ; not an easy 
 task, with prudence, skill, commanding vigor, and above 
 all, with Christian fidelity and with a view to the broadest 
 Christian success, to maintain his position, to secure the 
 confidence, the good-will, the sympathy of a large and un- 
 usually intelligent congregration, of various political affini- 
 ties, trained to vigorous and discriminating thought. Here 
 was not only opportunity but imperative demand for large 
 and exhaustive labor. Here were conflicting opinions to 
 harmonize, critical minds to .satisfy, plans for Christian labor 
 to be formed, machinery to be organized and put in motion, 
 new evils to be met by new methods, the life and vigor of 
 the church itself to be maintained in the midst of peculiar 
 temptations, and so a larger and completer Christian 
 household gathered and inspired. This was the work 
 which he performed. The difficulties of his position stimu- 
 lated his energy. He was in the full vigor of every faculty. 
 The field of labor was broad and full of encouragement. 
 His words were not spoken to the empty air, but came back 
 laden with the murmurs of approving voices. He became 
 an intellectual and moral power in the city. The young 
 gathered about him, and he prepared more than one series 
 of discourses particularly adapted to their tastes and wants. 
 One of these series, “ Three Great Temjitations,” published 
 in 1852, went through six editions. In no other place did 
 he Labor continuously so long as in Cincinnati, and to this 
 period he afterward looked back as on the whole the most 
 successful and fortunate of his life. He was in his chosen 
 employment, his manly energies at their highest vigor; a 
 working church, trained and stimulated by large foresight, 
 
56 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOILEDIA. 
 
 in full sympathy with him, accepting his leadership, and 
 cheerfully co-operating in Christian word and work. His 
 ministry in this church was eminently successful — one hun- 
 dred and seventy-eight personshaving been added to the 
 church by profession and two hundred and forty-eight by 
 letter during the eleven years of his pastorate. His charac- 
 ter was a rare combination of mildness and energy. He 
 possessed the faculty of discovering the capabilities and 
 most valuable characteristics of those with whom he asso- 
 ciated, and of infusing into them the ardor and zeal which 
 animated his own heart. He developed the latent energies 
 and abilities of the Second Presbyterian Church and con- 
 gregation in a remarkable degree, and by his skill in organ- 
 izing and combining individual talent into congenial asso- 
 ciation for Christian work, accomplished great results for 
 the cause of his Master. Thus quietly operating, he put in 
 motion various plans and organizations in the church which 
 resulted in great and lasting usefulness. Among them was 
 Ihe Young Men’s Home Missionary Society, so successful 
 in establishing Sabbath schools, providing for vacant 
 churches, and other works of a similar character. He 
 awakened an unusual interest in Foreign Missions by ap- 
 pointing different members of the church to make reports at 
 the monthly concerts on the condition of the important 
 foreign stations. He held regular meetings at his own 
 house of the younger members of the church for devotion, 
 consultation and advice. In numerous ways he was con- 
 stantly leading on the church in matters of Christian enter- 
 prise. During the eleven years of his service in the great 
 commerci.al city of Ohio, his mind had not been growing 
 narrower, nor, engaged as he constantly was in duties most 
 important and exacting, had he forgotten the claims of 
 science and letters, or failed to meet the demands upon his 
 time and talents necessary to their encouragement. The 
 schools, colleges and professional seminaries of the State, 
 and of neighboring States, heard his voice and felt his in- 
 fluence whenever he could say a word or lift a finger for 
 their help. It was natural also that, occupying so promi- 
 nent a place, he should have been called upon for various 
 public services, and become of influence in the larger assem- 
 blies of the church. In 1857 the New School General As- 
 sembly of the Presbyterian Church met at Cleveland. Of 
 this learned and able body Dr. Fisher was chosen Moderator. 
 The subject of slavery had been discussed in more than one 
 General Assembly, and the system strongly condemned. The 
 southern members had as frequently protested against these 
 deliverances, and in 1856 did not hesitate to acknowledge 
 that their views in respect to» the evil of slavery had mate- 
 rially changed, and they openly avowed that they now ac- 
 cepted the system, believing it to be right according to 
 the Bible. This position the assembly at Cleveland 
 pointedly condemned, while yet expressing a tender sympa- 
 thy for those who deplore the evil, and are honestly doing 
 all in their power for the present well-being of their slaves> 
 and for their complete emancipation. These ideas of the 
 
 two parties were too radically antagonistic, too deeply held, 
 too frequently and publicly affirmed to allow fraternal co- 
 operation. The southern synods thereupon withdrew, and 
 formed themselves into a separate body, called the United 
 Synod of the Presbyterian Church. It was in reference to 
 this secession that, in the sermon before the General Assem- 
 bly of 1858, in Chicago, with which, as retiring Moderator, 
 he opened the sessions of that body. Dr. Fisher used these 
 strong and generous words ; “ Fathers and brethren, minis- 
 ters and elders, we assemble here amidst the brightness of 
 scenes of revival, scenes such as the church of Christ, per- 
 haps, has never enjoyed so richly before. But as my eye 
 passes over this audience, a shade of sadness steals in upon 
 my heart. There are those who have been wont to sit with 
 us in this high council, whose hearty greeting we miss to- 
 day. Taking exception to the ancient, the uniform, the 
 oft-repeated testimony of our church, as well as to the mode 
 of its utterance, I'especting one of the greatest moral and 
 organic evils of the age; deeming it better to occupy a plat- 
 form foreign, indeed, to the genius of our free republican 
 institutions, yet adapted, in their view, to the fuller promul- 
 gation of the Gospel in the section where they dwell, they 
 have preferred to take an independent position ; and while 
 we cannot coincide with them in their views on this subject, 
 while we know that this separation has been precipitated 
 upon us, not sought by us, yet, remembering the days when, 
 with us, they stood shoulder to shoulder against ecclesias- 
 tical usurpation and revolution, when in deepest sympathy 
 we have gone to the house of God in company, and mingled 
 our prayer's before a common mercy-seat, we cannot but 
 pray for their peace and prosperity. \Ve claim no monop- 
 oly of wisdom and right. If in our course hitherto we 
 have been moved to acts or deeds unfraternal or unbefitting 
 our mutual relations — if in the attempt to nraintain our an- 
 cient principles and apply the Gospel to the heart of this 
 gigantic evil, we have given utterance to language that has 
 tended to exasperate rather than quicken to duty, we claim 
 no exemption from censure, we ask the forgiveness we ai'e 
 equally ready to accord.” From the delivery of this able 
 and weighty discourse on the “ Conflict ' and Rest of the 
 Church,” of the style and spirit of which the above brief 
 extract may give us an imperfect notion. Dr. Fisher went 
 directly to Clinton, New York, having been already con- 
 sulted respecting the presidency of Hamilton College. He 
 entered upon his duties at the opening of the fall term of 
 185S, the ceremonies of the inauguration not taking place 
 until the 4th of November. The college had risen far above 
 its earlier difficulties, and under a wise administration had 
 for many years enjoyed an honorable reputation for thorough- 
 ness of instruction and discipline, but its resources were still 
 insufficient, and its appeals for aid had not been quite loud 
 enough to reach the ear of the wealthy and the liberal. To 
 the period of his presidency dates the growth of a greater 
 confidence in the college, the endowments of its professor- 
 ships and charitable foundations, and prizes for the encour- 
 
LIOGRAPlIICAl. ENCVCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 7 
 
 agement of good learning, bearing honored names in this 
 and in neighboring eonimnnities, never to be forgotten. 
 I'rom this period dates also the effective enlargement, almost 
 the new creation of the general funds of the college, and an 
 impetus and direction imparted to the hberality of the gen- 
 erous and noble-minded which has not ceased, but has 
 yielded but the-first-fruits of an increasing harvest. During 
 his presidency the efficiency of the college instruction was 
 increased. Under his influence and in accordance wi.h his 
 wi>hes the Bible assumed a more ])rominent place as a part 
 of the regular curriculum, a place whiclt it has ever since re- 
 tained, for the advantage of all. Dr. Fisher's views of the 
 ends and methods of education are contained in several ad- 
 ilresses which he delivered at different times, and which 
 were afterwards collected and published. The very sub- 
 jects of these are suggestive of broad and careful thought. 
 They are such as “Collegiate Education,” “Theological 
 Training,” “The Three -Stages of Education” (by which 
 he discriminates child-life, the school and society), “ Female 
 Education,” “The Supremacy of IMind,” “Secular and 
 Christian Civilization,” “ Natural Science in its Relations 
 to Art and Theology.” These addresses arc eloquent and 
 sound. The most complete of them, perhap.s, is his inau- 
 gural, in which he endeavors to develop his idea of what he 
 calls the American collegiate .system. The whole address 
 is an argument for breadth and loftiness of culture. The 
 scheme which it defends and enforces is noble and generous 
 to the last degree. In 1862, in the midst of our civil war, 
 occurred the semi-centennial celebration of the founding of 
 Hamilton College, a memorable occasion, marking the age 
 and progress of the institution as with a tall memorial shaft 
 visible from afar. The address of Dr. Fisher is an admira- 
 ble sketch of the college hisSoiy, iiortraying in picturesque 
 language the events of its early and later life, with enthusi- 
 asm and faith commending it to the good will of its alumni 
 and friends, and predicting its future prosperity. “ It was,” 
 he said, “ amid the smoke and thunder of war that, fifty 
 years ago, the foundations of this college were laid ; and 
 when they passed away, lo ! on the hill-top had sprung into 
 being a power mightier than the sword, more glorious than 
 its triumphs. It is amid the heavier thunder and darker 
 clouds of this dread conflict, when all that to us is most 
 precious is in peril, that we celebrate our semi-centennial 
 jubilee. This thunder shall roll away and the cloud dis- 
 ])erse before the uprising patriotism of twenty millions of 
 freemen and the red right arm of the I^ord of hosts.” That 
 w.as indeed to the nation an hour of darkness, when the 
 light was as darkness, but he never “bated one jot of heart 
 or hope,” or failed to act up to his patriotic faith. After a 
 sendee of eight years in Hamilton College, Dr. Fisher was 
 solicited to accept again the position of pastor by the West- 
 minster Church of Utica, New York, and was installed as 
 jiastor November 15th, 1867. For nearly four years of 
 active and progressive work the church enjoyed the minis- 
 trations and stimulating energies of this able, active, and 
 8 
 
 untiring pastor. There was yet one other occasion not to 
 be forgotten in which Dr. Fisher bore a prominent part in a 
 great and memorable public service whose influence is in- 
 calculable; viz., the measures which led to the reunion of 
 the separated branches of the Presbyterian Church. There 
 was no object, perhaps, nearer his heart, none which more 
 moved his enthusiasm. The disruption had taken place in 
 1837, just before he entered upon his ministry. His father 
 was the first Moderator of the New School Assembly. The 
 doctrines and the men, the causes and the consequences, he 
 had heard discussed from his boyhood, and in the reunion 
 of the two branches of. the church he was relied upon as 
 among the most judicious counsellors in the very delicate 
 and difficult questions that impeded its jirogress and threat- 
 ened to prevent its consummation. He was one of the able 
 committee of conference appointed by the two assemblies, 
 which reported the plan of reunion in 1869. Nor does he 
 seem to have doubted the beneficent result. In behalf of the 
 joint committee, he proposed the resolution for raising 
 $1,000,000, immediately afterward raised to $5,000,000, as 
 a memorial fund. His last work to which he gave himself 
 with all the confidence and enthusiasm of his nature was to 
 prepare a paper for the General Assembly of 1870, an as- 
 sembly which he was never to sec. Dr. Fisher received the 
 Doctorate of Divinity from Miami University in 1S52, and 
 the Doctorate of Laws from the University of the city of 
 New York in 1859. As a preacher, Dr. Fisher must be 
 held to rank among the ablest of the Presbyterian boclv. 
 With all that may be said by way of detracting criticism, it 
 must still be allowed that our religious communities move 
 along a pretty high level of intellectual experience and of 
 religious feeling. To satisfy the reasonalde demands of our 
 congregations requires a continuous intellectual exertion, 
 which, when we come to measure its force, is something 
 startling. It is not a wonder that so many poor sennons : re 
 preached, but rather that there are so many good ones. But 
 Dr. Fisher moved above, far above the common level. 
 Within the ample dome of that forehead, you felt, at sight, 
 there dwelt a jrowerful brain. He brought to his discourses 
 a mind well stored and well disciplined. There was a ful- 
 ness and richness of thought which left you little or nothing 
 in that direction to desire. An intellectual hearer could not 
 fail to be attracted by his vigor. His style was often bold, 
 sometimes picturesque, almost always clear and direct. His 
 words were well chosen and exuberant. Thus full and 
 weighty in matter, affluent in language, with no ambiguity 
 in expression, fertile in imagery and illustration, with a 
 voice clear and penetrating, and a manner somewhat au- 
 thoritative, it is not surprising that he was constantly sought 
 fir to address public bodies on important occasions, a duty 
 which he always performed with dignity and to the satisfac- 
 tion of his hearers. The subjects of his discourses were va- 
 rious, and as his mind was mainly occupied with grand and 
 lofty themes, so there was a certain nolileness, freedom, and 
 power of development, the natural and necessary fruit of his 
 
BIOGRAI'IIICAL ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 
 
 5S 
 
 general studies and habits of thought. No man could ever 
 listen to Dr. Eisher when engaged upon those great themes 
 with which his soul was tilled, without a persuasion that he 
 spoke from absolute conviction of the truth and an over- 
 whelming sense of the importance of the message he bore 
 as an embassador of Christ and a “ legate of the skies.” 
 His ordinary discourses were full of thought as well as of 
 feeling. Those who heard the course of sermons on the 
 “Epistle to the Hebrews,” and on the “ Life of Christ,” 
 need not be told that a more remarkable series of discourses 
 has seldom been heard from an American pulpit. There 
 were puljlic occasions also when he discussed great topics 
 with a fulness and a power that left nothing more to be 
 said, and with results of conviction in the minds of his au- 
 ditors that nothing could shake, nothing even disturb. 
 There are several di'courses of Dr. Fisher that would alone 
 make a distinguished reputation for any man, and that are 
 to be ranked among the highest efforts of the pulpit of his 
 day. But not in the pulpit only did he shine. So unusu- 
 ally is m.rrked excellence as a preacher combined with an 
 equal excellence as a pastor, that it would not have been 
 strange if Dr. Fisher had proved comparatively inefficient in 
 pastoral work. Nevertheless he did prove to be an excep- 
 tionably good pastor. He gave living demonstration that 
 one man may be both great preacher and good pastor. In 
 all the families that made up his congregation, his name was 
 a household word. Carrying everywhere an atmosphere of 
 cheerfulness and sunshine, no one ever met him in social 
 life without feeling the charm of his manners and conversa- 
 tion. Slow to condemn and quick to sympathize, shrinking 
 instinctively from wounding the feelings of any, and prompt 
 in all offices of kindness and love, he won the hearts of his 
 people to a most singular degree. Never was any pastor more 
 universally beloved. The minister most covetous of the love 
 of his people might well be satisfied with the measure of 
 affection accorded to Dr. Fisher. A prince he was, not by 
 virtue of any patent of nobility bestowed by an earthly mon- 
 arch, but by the direct gift of Heaven, with the royal signet 
 of the giver legibly impressed thereon; a prince in intellect, 
 a prince in large and liberal culture, but o', er and above all, 
 a prince in active sympathies, warm affections, and a great 
 human heart going out impulsively toward all that pertained 
 to man, however lowly, or sin-stained, or desjiised, and de- 
 voting his best powers and faculties to the good of the 
 world and the glory of God. It was in the practical and 
 persistent consecration of the gifts and graces with which he 
 was endowed to these "large and beneficent ends, that he 
 earned the title, secured the honors and obtained the re- 
 wards of a prince and a great man in Israel. Such, most 
 imperfectly, and in the merest outline sketched, was Dr. 
 Samuel Ware Fisher up to the day and hour when, at the 
 flood-tide of his influence, and apparently in the meridian 
 fulness of his intellectual and moral powers, he was, by the 
 mysterious stroke of an unseen hand, suddenly struck down, 
 leaving him with the bounding pulse of life faintly flutter- 
 
 ing, the bright eye dimmed, the eloquent tongue mute or 
 incoherent. His half-executed plans, his high expectations, 
 his large purposes arrested, nothing remained for him but 
 with childlike trust and sweet patience to await the final 
 summons, which, January i8th, 1874, at Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 came in kindness to call him home. The temporary torpor 
 of his faculties was at once dispelled, the clouds and the 
 shadows that gathered about his setting sun have all been 
 dissipated, the darkness has passed and light perennial and 
 eternal beams on him, for, in his own beautiful words, 
 “Another Teacher, infinitely wise and good, is now leading 
 him up the heights of knowledge, and in a moment he has 
 learned more than men on earth can ever know.” 
 
 c) CHENCK, JAMES F'., Rear Admiral United 
 States Navy, son of William C. and Elizabeth 
 (Rodgers) Schenck, was born in Warren county, 
 Ohio, January ilth, 1807. Upon the death of 
 his father in 1821, he was appointed to the United 
 States Military .School at West Point by his 
 guardian and namesake. General James Findley, then mem- 
 ber of Congress from Cincinnati. There was no naval 
 academy at that time, but having a disposition for sea ser- 
 vice, his guardian procured him an appointment as midship- 
 man in 1825. March ist of that year he sailed in the 
 “ Hornet,” on his first cruise, and continued in the service 
 till retired on the superannuated list, January nth, 1869. 
 He passed successively through all the grades up to that of 
 Rear Admiral. During the Mexican war he served in the 
 Pacific squadron on the staff of Commodore Stockton, and 
 did military duty in common with the whole naval force in 
 seizing California. After the conclusion of that struggle 
 and the discovery of gold, the government subsidized a pri- 
 vate line of steamers to carry the mails via the Isthmus of 
 Panama, upon the condition of appointing the commanders 
 from the officers of the navy, and Mr. Schenck was detailed 
 Captain of one of the vessels of the line, a position he held 
 till 1855. The breaking out of the great Rebellion found 
 Mr. .Schenck in China, Commander of the “ Saginaw.” As 
 soon as he could be called home, which was not until 1862, 
 he was promoted to Captain and ordered to the western 
 Gulf squadron, on the frigate “St. Lawrence.” Here his 
 duty was simifly blockading, and he saw no very active ser- 
 vice. In 1864 he was promoted to Commodore, and in the 
 two attacks on Fort Fisher commanded the third division of 
 the fleet, consisting of seventeen vessels, the “ Powhatan ” 
 being his flag-ship. In both engagements he was in the 
 hottest of the fight, and lost a third of his men and four 
 officers of a party of one hundred with whom he landed, but 
 escaped untouched himself. His son, Caspar Schenck, pay- 
 ma.ster at the time on the “Juniata,” was wounded on the 
 opening of the first engagement, and afterwards promoted 
 for the gallantry he displayed in the battle. After the close 
 
tn-J. 
 
 
 lR[E\f..SAKOIU[£[L WAOSTE irDSOilllllS, ®„®. 
 
 SIXTH PBESIDEN'I' Of RAVTITON COI.LEGE 
 

BIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOr.^;DIA. 
 
 59 
 
 of the war, Mr. Schcnck was for some time in command of 
 the United Stales naval station at Mound City, Illinois, and 
 in September, 1868, he was raised to the rank of Rear Ad- 
 miral United States Navy, and upon reaching his sixty- 
 second year, June nth, 1S69, was regularly retired on the 
 superannuated roll. July 24th, 1829, he married Dorethy 
 A., daughter of Woodhull Smith, of Suffolk county. Long 
 Idand, and for many years made his home there. In 1836 
 he brought his family to the West, and took up his home in 
 D.iyton, where he now resides in his retirement. He has had 
 four children — Sarah S., who married Col. Joseph G. Crane, 
 of Dayton, murdered in 1869 while acting military mayor 
 of the city of Jackson, Mississippi, under the provisional 
 government; Jane, married to A. Burr Irwin; Caspai, pay- 
 inspector United States Navy; Woodhull S., chief of the 
 imperial maritime customs of China at Shanghai. Such a 
 life as that of Admiral Schenck there is no need to praise. 
 The facts speak for the man. Laudation could only taint. 
 He has spent his life in the service of his country, and he 
 still lives to enjoy that country’s confidence, and partake of 
 the frcedo n he has helped to preserve. 
 
 « CHENCK, HON. WTLLIAM C., Member of the 
 Ohio Legislature, and General of the State Militia, 
 was born in Monmouth county. New Jersey, Jan- 
 uary nth, 1773. His p.arents were Rev. W’illiam 
 J and Anna (Cummings) Schenck. He was one of 
 nine children. The family are of Dutch origin, 
 but have been in America for nearly two hundred years. Mr. 
 Schenck graduated from Princeton in 1793 or 1794, and at 
 once came to Cincinnati, where he was engaged in the land 
 office for a while, and afterwards became a surveyor. He 
 acquired an immense tract of land in the northwestern part 
 of Warren county, in the valley of the Miami, on which he 
 laid out the town of Franklin, and established his home. 
 During the war of 1812 he commanded a brigade of militia, 
 and though not in active service, he had a duty to jjerform in 
 guariling against Indian depredations. In company with 
 ten other men who had acquired the hand in the vicinity, he 
 projected and laid out the city of Toledo in 1817, but having 
 personally made the surveys in an unfavorable season, he 
 was stricken with a swamp fever, and became so disgusted 
 with the enterprise that he sold his whole interest for a 
 thousand dollars. In connection with his uncle. General 
 John M. Cummings, of Newark, New Jersey, he laid out 
 the town of Newark in Licking county, Ohio. In 1798 he 
 married lilizabeth Rodgers, of Huntington, Long Island, 
 with whom he had seven children — William R., Salley R., 
 James F. (rear admiral United States navy), Robert C. (a 
 general in the war of the rebellion, member of Congress, 
 and United States Minister to England), Woodhull .S. (a 
 lieutenant in the United States navy), Edwin, and Egbert 
 T. S. His only daughter married Egbert T. Smith, and 
 
 moved to Iowa, where she died, leaving a numerous family. 
 •Mr. Schenck had several times been a member of the Ohio 
 Legislature, and died, while occiqrying that position, at 
 Columbus, January nth, 1821. His wife survived till 1855. 
 
 NDREWS, GENERAL GEORGE W., Senator 
 from the Thirty-second District of Ohio, Lawyer, 
 was born in Medina, Orleans county. New 'S’ork, 
 September ist, 1S25. He is the son of Joel An- 
 drews and Anne (Lewis) Andrews; the former 
 was a Quaker, and was engaged in agricultural 
 pursuits. His grandfather on the maternal side, John Lewis, 
 was a major in the Revolutionary army, and descended 
 from the Lewises of Rhode Island, a Baptist family, whose 
 members took a prominent part in the religious controver- 
 sies and movements of Roger Sherman’s time. His earlier 
 education was received at the Quaker institution known as 
 the “ Nine Partners’ College,” in Dutchess county. New 
 York, and also in the Oberlin University, Ohio. He then, 
 at the age of eighteen, began the study of law at Granville, 
 Licking county, Ohio, and in 1S45 was admitted to the bar 
 in Norwalk, Huron county. He subsequently entered on 
 the practice of his profession in Linn, Allen county, and was 
 at once elected Prosecuting Attorney. During his stay of 
 three years in this place, he established and edited, with 
 marked ability, the Linn Argus. In 1848 the counties 
 were divided, and he removed to Wapakonetta, Auglaize 
 county, the southern one, and there established The Au- 
 glaize Democrat. In the same year he was elected Prose- 
 cuting Attorney for Auglaize county, and in 1850 was re- 
 elected to the same position. In 1856 he was elected to the 
 lower branch of the Legislature, in 1858 secured a re-elec- 
 tion, and again in i860 was re-elected. In 1861, at the re- 
 quest of Governor Dennison, he left the Legislature, returned 
 to his home, within two days raised a company of volun- 
 teers to assist in crushing the rebellion, and entered the ser- 
 vice of the United States with a commission of Captain. 
 He was afterward promoted successively to the following 
 positions : Major, Lieutenant-Colonel, Colonel, and Brevet 
 Brigadier-General. Leaving the service in 1864, after a 
 brilliant and useful career as a soldier, he resumed the prac- 
 tice of his profession. In 1873 he was elected to the Senate 
 on the Democratic ticket, and upon the organization was 
 made Chairman of the Judiciary Committee — that intrusted 
 with the conduct of the most important matters ; also a 
 member of the Committee on Public Works, of that on Fees 
 and Salaries, of that on the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Orphans’ 
 Home, of that on Privileges and Elections, and also Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Military Yffurs. He is distin- 
 guished at the bar, and has conducted to successful issues 
 many important cases; while, as a public official, he has a 
 record free from blemish, and, often under trying circum- 
 stances, has laborcvl successfully for the interests of his con- 
 
6o 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 slituency ami the welfare of the general comnuinily. lie 
 was re-elected to the Senate in October, 1875, without 
 opposition 
 
 yUNN, ANDREW, M. D., Surgeon and Physician, 
 was born in Poland, Maine, April 24th, 1S04. 
 Ills father, a well-to-do farmer, was of Scotch ex- 
 traction, and owned and cultivated a large and 
 beautiful farm, which was his son's birthplace. 
 In 1834 Andrew graduated at Buudoin Medical 
 College, under the instruction of Professor Reuben 1 ). Mus- 
 sey, and was selected out of the graduating class to be one 
 of his assistant dissectors for the ensuing class. Professor 
 Mussey also honored him with an invitation to go on a mis- 
 •sion to India. Soon after leaving college he settled in New 
 York, and entered upon the practice of his profession, which 
 he continued with great energy and success during many 
 years. He soon became widely known for his remarkable 
 skill in midwifery, his record showing the loss of no patient 
 in a period embracing forty years of constant practice. In 
 the earlier part of his career his attention was directed to 
 that formidable disease called hernia (rupture), with which 
 the ablest physicians and surjeons feared to encounter. His 
 efforts in devising new appliances to permanently cure this 
 terrible affliction were crowned with perfect success. A 
 few years since he removed to Cincinnati, and found there 
 a large and remunerative fiehl for practice, and has had 
 astonishing results in his favorite branch of his profession — 
 the treatment of hernia. He is a man of generous impulses, 
 and takes a speci.rl delight in the society and education of 
 the young. 
 
 - ■^^''.VRSON, ENOCH T., was born in Greene town- 
 ship, Hamilton county, Ohio, September l8th, 
 1822. He is the son of William J. Carson and 
 Margaret Terry. His maternal ancestors, the 
 Terrys, came from Virginia, and were among the 
 first settlers in Cincinnati. He was bred on his 
 father’s farm, and there remained until he was twenty-three 
 years of age, when he served three years as a collector of 
 tolls on the Cincinnati & Harrison turnpike, there making 
 up at his leisure the deficiencies of his early eilucation by 
 systematic reading. From 1S4S to 1850 he served ns a 
 Deputy in the sheriffs office of Hamilton county; from 
 December, 1850, until November, 1852, he was in the em- 
 ployment of tha Handiton & Dayton Railroad Comirany, 
 and became their first Depot Master at the Sixth Street De- 
 pot, Cincinnati. From November, 1852, until November, 
 1856, he was Chief Deputy Sheriff of Hamilton county. In 
 185S he went into the lamp and gas business, in which oc- 
 cupation, after an intermission of many years, he is now. 
 In May, 1861, he was appointed Collector of the Port of 
 
 Cincinnati and Lhiiled States Depository by President Lin- 
 coln. With the outbreak of the rebellion this from an office 
 of minor importance became one of vital interest. Cincin- 
 nati being the di,-,tributing point for the armies .South, ques- 
 tions arose of the most perplexing character, requiring the 
 soundest judgment to decide correctly between clashing in- 
 terests. During his administration sometimes ten millions 
 per day were received, and thirty millions were frequently 
 on deposit. At the close of the war he retired from the 
 office. In 1870 he was elected amendjerof the State Board 
 of Equalization by an almost unanimous vote, being the 
 nominee of both parties; in this position he rendered signal 
 service to the taxpayers of Cincinnati. In 1871 he was ap- 
 pointed Commissioner of Costs and Fees of Hamilton county; 
 also a member of the Board of Park Commissioners of Cin- 
 cinnati. In 1S45 he became a member of the Masonic 
 order. In 1871 he was elected Grand Commander of 
 Knights Templar of Ohio; and about that time also Lieu- 
 tenant Commander of the Northern .Supreme Conned of 
 the order of the Scottish Masonic Rite, 33°. Mr. Carson 
 has one of the largest private libraries on secret societies in 
 the world, including English, French and German works ; 
 and his large private library is especially rich in illustrated 
 .Shakspearian literature. 
 
 ' R.YNE, JOSEPH IL, an eminent Lawyer and 
 Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Dayton, 
 Ohio, and for several terms a member of Con- 
 gress, was born in Elizabethtown, New Jersey, 
 .\ugust 31st, 1782. His father was a Major in 
 the war of the Revolution, and lost a limb in the 
 service. He was a brother of Commodore William M. 
 Crane, and of Ichabod B. Crane, a Colonel in the regular 
 armv. He married Julia, daughter of John Elliot, Surgeon 
 in the United States army, and stationed at Vincennes, then 
 one of the frontier posts. He died in November, 1851, 
 having had a large family, most of whom died young. 
 
 RANE, COLONEL JOSEPH G., son of Joseph 
 H. and Julia (Elliot) Crane, was born, October 
 25th, 1825, at Dayton, Ohio. He was a lawyer 
 by profession, and at one time Probate Judge for 
 Montgomery county. At the breaking out of the 
 rebellion he was living in Indiana, and at once 
 entered the service of his country. He served through the 
 whole war on the staff of General Robert C. Schenck, and 
 at the close accepted the commi.ssion of Captain, with the 
 brevet of Colonel, in the regular army. While acting 
 military Mayor of the city of Jackson, Mississippi, under the 
 provisional government instituted for the reconstruction of 
 the States, he was assa.ssinated in the street by the notorious 
 Colonel Yerger of the Confederate army. He was a man 
 
:Puh Co. FkOaddvy^- 
 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 6i 
 
 of cultivated mind and amiable disposition, and possessed 
 not only the qualities to endeai' him to his friends but those 
 also which distinguished him among his fellow-men. He 
 married Sarah, daughter of Admiral James F. Schenck, in 
 1852, with whom he had two sons that survived him. 
 
 i^OGSWELL, BEN’JAMIN S., Clerk of the Court 
 1 of Common Pleas of Cuyahoga County, Ohio, 
 was born, April 6th, 1831, at Oxford, Huron 
 county, Ohio, and is the son of Benjamin and 
 Susan tBill) Cogsweli. He was educated at the 
 Ibrldwin University, Berea, and after leaving 
 school became a clerk in the post-office at Berea, where he 
 remained until March, 1859. At this period he removed to 
 Cleveland, where he entered the clerk’s office department, 
 continuing there for a considerable time. In 1872 he was 
 elected to the position of County Clerk for the term of three 
 years, and entered upon the duties of his office, February 
 9th, 1873. energy and good business ability, 
 
 well calculated to fulfil the duties of his office to the entire 
 satisfaction of the community. He was married, April 5th, 
 1855, to Helen M., daughter of Chester Gee, of Thompson, 
 Ohio, and is the father of two children, one son and one 
 daughter. 
 
 » NDER.SON, EDWIN, Architect, is a native 
 Ohioan, having been born in Clermont county on 
 the 24th of February, 1834. His father died in 
 j January, 1841, and soon afterwards his mother 
 o removed to Cincinnati. Here Edwin was edu- 
 
 cated, with a view to adopting the profession of 
 civil engineer. He devoted special attention while attend- 
 ing the public schools to mathematics, and when he left 
 school he continued the study of civil engineering. For 
 some years he was engaged in the business of railroad con- 
 struction in Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. In the meantime 
 he had pursued the study of architecture with Messrs. Hamil- 
 ton & Rankin, of Cincinnati, and in 1857 he formed a part- 
 nership with Samuel Hannaford, and commenced business 
 as architect, to which he henceforward devoted his energy 
 and skill. The firm continued until January ist, 1871, since 
 which time he has continued the business in his own name. 
 He has attained very high rank in his profession, and com- 
 mands a very extensive patronage. While the firm of An- 
 derson & Hannaford continued, they were the architects of 
 buildings aggregating in cost over $80,000,000. Among 
 these buildings may he mentioned the Cincinnati Work- 
 House ; the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railroad Pas- 
 senger Depot, at Cincinnati ; Turner’s C)|)era House, at Day- 
 ton, Ohio; St. John’s German Lutheran Church, at Cincin- 
 nati ; and the Jewish Synagogue, Eighth and Mound streets. 
 
 Cincinnati, and many others of equal importance. Since 
 the dissolution of the partnership the former head of the 
 firm has been the architect of the Congregational Church at 
 Ironton, Ohio ; Clay Pool Building, at Indianapolis, Indiana; 
 Kanawha Presbyterian Church, at Charleston, W’est Vir- 
 ginia; Niles Tool Works, at Hamilton, Ohio, and many 
 other public and private buildings throughout the country. 
 He was one of the founders of the Cincinnati Chapter Ameri- 
 can Institute of Architects, of which he was for several years 
 the Secretary. Political office he has never sought and 
 never accepted. He entered the Federal army in 1861 and 
 served throughout the war in various capacities, princijrally 
 in the engineering department. He is a thoroughly public- 
 spirited man, and although he has not allowed his name to 
 come into marked prominence, he has been a warm and 
 active supporter of every public enterprise of merit, and to 
 his active and well-directed labors Cincinnati, the city of 
 his home, owes not a little of her advancement. 
 
 ENTGN, ROSW ELL IL, County Treasurer of 
 Hamilton County, Ohio, was born, February 27th, 
 1821, in that county, being the fifth of seven 
 children, whose parents were Roswell and Ann 
 (McFaren) Fenton. His father, a native of New 
 York, followed through life agricultural pursuits, 
 and settled in Hamilton county — becoming one of the pio- 
 neers to that section — in the spring of 1806. He subse- 
 quently located permanently in Greene township, where he 
 resided until his death, November 30lh, 1830. His wife 
 was a native of Pennsylvania, her parents being among the 
 earliest settlers of Hamilton county, Ohio. She died on 
 March 19th, 1855. There were but limited facilities for the 
 early education of Roswell, his instruction being conducted 
 at a country school-house. He made the best use of his 
 meagre advantages by assiduceis application to books, and 
 developed a taste for reading, which grew w ith his years. 
 When twelve years old he hauled wood to Cincinnati, and 
 steadily followed this occupation for seven years. The 
 family then moved to what was well known as the “ .Se\'en- 
 mile House,” situated on the Harrison tunqiike, and Ros- 
 well took charge of the place, hi i attention being exclusively 
 confined to this charge for two years. After this he went 
 upon a farm and cultivated it, hauling wood to the city in 
 the fall and winter months. After five years’ labor in this 
 direction he moved to Cincinnati in 1847, and embarked in 
 the meat and provision business, which he has since suc- 
 cessfully conducted. His present establi^hment is at Nos. 
 182 and 184 M’est .Sixth street. During the war he gave 
 1 irgely of his means and time to advance the interests of his 
 township and of Hamilton county, and was influential in 
 his support of the government. In 1873 he was elected 
 Treasurer of Hamilton county, and now holds that imjior- 
 
62 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL E.NXVCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 laiit and responsible office, and brings to the discharge of its 
 duties a ripe knowledge of financial affairs. Ilis political 
 affiliations are Democratic, and his first vote was cast for 
 James K. Polk for the Presidency. He is lilieral in religious 
 opinion, and generous in impulse, and his career is that of 
 an energetic and prosperous business man, whose conduct, 
 though without ostentation, has won the great respect of 
 his fellow-citizens. He was marrieil on February 23d, 1842, 
 to Sarah Bray, a native of Hamilton county, and is the 
 father of four children. 
 
 t 
 
 ^/^AVLOR, EZRA B., Lawyer, was born, July 9th, 
 1823, in Portage county, Ohio, and is a son of 
 Elisha and Theresa (Couch) Taylor. The family 
 on both sides are of New England birth, they 
 having removed from Berkshire county,^ Massa- 
 chusetts, in 1813, and settled in Portage county. 
 Mrs. Taylor was a relative of the celebrated General I). N. 
 Couch of M.assachusetts. The fa.r.ily were oidy in moderate 
 circumstances, and Ezra was only able to attend school 
 during the winter months, the balance of the year being de- 
 voted to labor and toil. He went to the common school, 
 however, up to the age of seventeen years," but the greater 
 part of his education was obtained by his own indefatigable 
 exertions. Every moment that he could snatch from his 
 daily task and the evening hours were devoted to study, and 
 all this without the aid of an instructor. He commenced 
 reading law under the direction of (udge Robert F. Payne 
 of Cleveland, and was admitted to the bar in 1845, and he 
 at once commenced the practice of his jirofession. In 1862 
 he removed to Warren, Trumbull county, where he has 
 since continued to reside, and in 1854 was elected Prose- 
 cuting Attorney of Portage county (this was, of course, be- 
 fore he went to Warren). His practice has been very large 
 and widely extended ; he is among the best-known lawyers 
 in the .State, and though regarded as most excellent in all 
 the different branches of his profession, he is particularly 
 distinguished as an advocate. His nanre occurs on the 
 docket of nearly every court in northern Ohio, and few at- 
 torneys in the State have appeared in as great a number of 
 cases as he. During the late war of the rebellion he was 
 a private in the Home Guard, and when Governor Brough 
 called out the militia during the invasion of Ohio by the 
 guerillas, instead of hiring a substhute, he shouldered his 
 musket and marched to the defence of the southern border. 
 The force was captured by the celebrated and notorious 
 John Morgan, after a hard battle, who took them to Cyn- 
 thiana, Kentucky, where they were released on parole and 
 returned home. During the construction of the Atlantic & 
 Great Western Railway he served as a Director of that com- 
 pany; and since the completion of the line he has lieen its 
 attorney and counsel. He was married in 1849 Harriet 
 M., daughter of Colonel William Fjazier, of Ravenna, 
 and is the father of two children. 
 
 UCHANAN, ROBERT, Merchant, was born, on 
 the 15th of January, 1797, in western Pennsyl- 
 vania, of Scotch- Irish parentage — of Revolution- 
 ary war stock. The rudiments of an English educa- 
 tion were obtained at a country school ; lout learn- 
 ing in his case, as in every other, did not come 
 unsought, for the nearest school was two miles away, and 
 that distance the young student was obliged to walk each 
 day that he sought knowledge from this source. In 1808 
 he removed with his father to Meadville, Pennsylvania, and 
 there his educational advantages were greatly increased. 
 He commenced attending the Meadville Acadenly, and in a 
 year from the lime he entered the school he was made as- 
 sistant teacher. Shortly after this his father died, and in 
 consequence of this bereavement he left school and entered 
 a store in Pittsburgh. In the year 181 1, when only fourteen 
 years of age, he was sent by his employers to East Liverpool, 
 Ohio, to assist in a branch store they had established there. 
 His stay there was made memorable by a sight of the first 
 steamboat (“ the Orleans ”) built on the Ohio river. He 
 returned to Pittsburgh the same year, and his return is also 
 made memorable by the fact that it was on the day before 
 the great earthquake. In 1816 he entered into business for 
 himself — in partnership with his former employers — and 
 carried it on with varying success in West Union, Ohio, 
 until 1S21. He was the first Ohio merchant who shipped 
 grain to Europe. He had his grain conveyed on flatboats 
 to New Orleans, where it was loaded on ships for Liverpool. 
 In the year 1 82 1 he was employed as Captain of the steam- 
 boat “ Mary'sville.” He continued in this position until 
 1823. In that year he entered into a partnership with 
 Charles Mac.Allister, of Philadelphia, in the wholesale 
 grocery business in Cincinnati. The firm for several years 
 was largely engaged in the pork -packing business, in addi- 
 tion to the grocery and commission business. In 1825, in 
 connection with his partner, he established the Phoenix Cot- 
 ton Factory in Cincinnati, and in the year 1828 he built the 
 Covington Cotton Factory. About 1825 he and his partner 
 formed a business connection with William Tift, and estab- 
 lished the first manufactory for producing steam engines and 
 sugar mills for the Southern sugar plantations. The busi- 
 ness was carried on under his superintendence from 1827 
 to 1832, when it was discontinued. During this time he 
 was also part owner in four or five steamboats. When the 
 sugar mill manufactory was closed he commenced the com- 
 mission business in his own name. It did not suffice for 
 him, however, and in 1844 he bought a fourth interest in 
 the Cooper Cotton Factory, at Dayton, Ohio. In 1S60, in 
 connection with William Manser, he leased the Covington 
 Rail Mills, and continued his interest in them until 1872. 
 In addition to all these enterprises, he has, with his various 
 partners, built no less than thirteen dwelling-houses and 
 stores in difierent parts of the city. Moreover, he was Presi- 
 dent of the Commercial Bank from 1831 to 1835; was 
 .Secretary of the Little Miami Railroad Board of Directors 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 63 
 
 from 1836 to 1S41 ; was President of \Vhite Water Canal 
 Company in 1841, and is still President of the Spring 
 Grove Cemetery Company, which was organized at his 
 house in 1844. He is President of the Cincinnati College, 
 was President of the Cincinnati Historical Society, and is a 
 Trustee of the Cincinnati Orphan Asylum. He was also 
 elected President of the Cincinnati Academy of Natural 
 Sciences at the time of its organization, in 1835. He re- 
 tired from business in the fall of 1872, and in the following 
 December he was elected a Director of the City Infirmary, 
 which office he still continues to hold. In 1837 he was 
 engaged to purchase gold and silver for the Lhiited States 
 Bank. He fulfilled the duties of this position for two 
 years, and during that time he bought over $5,000,000 in 
 specie and about $1,000,000 in Southern banknotes. He 
 was married in October, 1822, to Miss Browning, of Ken- 
 tucky, who is still living. 
 
 IXSEY, JOSEPH, was born in Baltimore, Mary- 
 land, in the year 1828. His parents, Oliver and 
 Sarah (Griffith) Kinsey, were members of the 
 Society of P'riends. His mother died when he 
 was only three years of age, leaving a family of 
 nine children, all of whom, with one exception, 
 reached maturity. When Joseph was five years old the 
 family removed to Richmond, Indiana. His father was a 
 liberal patron of schools and education, giving his boys the 
 best advantages the place afforded, which, however, was, at 
 that early period of its history, rather limited. Living on a 
 farm, he found constant einployment when out of school — 
 his father’s maxim being “ there must be no idleness ” — but 
 plenty of time for innocent recreation. This idea was 
 thoroughly and persistently instilled into the minds of his 
 numerous family. At the age of fourteen he was engaged 
 in the retail country store kept by William Owens, where 
 he remained two years. After another year at school, at 
 the age of seventeen he removed to Cincinnati, in the year 
 1845, and engaged with the firm of J. K. Ogden & Co., 
 hardware merchants, at ir8 Main street. After two years 
 he changed to the laiger house of Clark & Booth, subse- 
 (piently Clark & Groesbeck, in the wholesale hardware 
 business. About this time Mr. Kinsey made arrangements 
 to take an overland trip to California in search of gold ; but 
 having a good offer to go into the old-established house Of 
 Tyler, Davidson & Co., he changed his mind and accepted 
 their offer. In the meantime he became acquainted with a 
 young lady from Massachusetts, the daughter of E. D. 
 Ammidown, whom he married in Boston in 1851. After 
 patient service as salesman he was admitted as partner in 
 the house of Tyler, Davidson & Co., where he continued till 
 he completed in all eight years of steady work. He then 
 bought into the fllobe Rolling Mill Comjrany, the business 
 being conducted under the style of Worthington 8; Co. 
 
 The fact that iron can be made in Cincinnati so as to com- 
 pete with the large establishments of Pittsburgh has long 
 been manifest in the many prosperous and growing mills in 
 the former city. In this industry Mr. Kinsey labored with- 
 out rest until the beginning of the year 1866, when the 
 copartnership expired by limitation, and the firm irroperly 
 was put into a joint stock company, comprising the original 
 owners and others who had long been connected with the 
 management of the business, and still conduct it with most 
 favorable and growing prosperity. Pie gave up business in 
 the spring of 1866, and s])ent two years with his family in 
 Massachusetts. On his return, in 1868, he was elected to 
 fill a term of two years in the City Council of Cincinnati as 
 a member from the Eleventh Ward, where he resides with 
 his family, consisting of three sons and three daughters. 
 He was not sorry to retire at the close of his term of ser- 
 vice, as the position of Councilman was tiot pleasing to him. 
 He now owns an interest in the great house of Post & Co., 
 manufacturers of all kinds of railway supplies and machin- 
 ery, and is now giving active service in the management of 
 its affairs. In politics Mr. Kinsey is a Republican of the 
 “ straitest sect;” in religion a liberal thinker, believing in 
 the exercise of religious charity in its broadest sense ; in 
 temperance he believes in total abstinence from all intoxi- 
 cating liquors, and is a prominent leader in that great 
 reform. He is ardent, energetic, and generous in all of his 
 business and social relations. He is one of the most influ- 
 ential members and a Vice-President of the Board of Trade, 
 and is also a leading member of the Industrial League of 
 Cincinnati and the United States ; nor is he wanting in the 
 support of all public enterprises and charitable institutions, 
 to all of which he contributes freely both his time and 
 money. In fine, he is one of those liberal and public- 
 spirited men who are of the greatest advantage to any 
 society, and whose personal welfare tends to the advance- 
 ment of the whole community. 
 
 ISHER, GEORGE, Merchant, was born in Durk- 
 heim, Rhenish Bavaria, December 25111, 1829. 
 He came to the United .States with his father in 
 1837, and settled in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 
 where he enjoyed such educational advantages as 
 were afforded by the schools of that city until 
 1841. He was then apprenticed to the mcrch.ant tailoring 
 business, and continued in that capacity until the cxiiiration 
 of his term, in 1845, "hen he removed to Cincinnati and 
 engaged as a journeyman with Samuel Thomas. He left 
 the employ of the latter, in 1847, enter that of his 
 brother, doing Inisiness on Central avenue, and there con- 
 tinued until 1850, when he formed a copartner^hip with 
 /\dam Epply, under the firm -name of George Eisher & Co., 
 invested all his savings — amounting to $75 — in the new 
 enterprise, and embarked in business on his own aecount. 
 
64 
 
 BIOGRAl'IIICAL EXCYCLOI'-EDI A. 
 
 Here he l)rought lo bear his energy and skill, and by the 
 latter part of 1852, when they changed their location to 
 East Pearl street, his share in the business amounted to 
 $2800. Tlie firm was dissolved in 1854, and all its indebt- 
 edness was assumed by our subject, who paid all liabilities 
 dollar for dollar, and found himself about even with the 
 world. P>ut he w'as not to be- crushed by misfortune, and 
 with characteristic energy set about the restoration of his 
 loss, and engaged in business on his own individual account 
 at his present store, 257 Walnut street, in Day’s building. 
 Since tliat period he has pursued a career of uninterrupted 
 prosperity, and by close attention to business and the strict- 
 est integrity has won a proud position in the mercantile and 
 social community. This success is in great measure due to 
 his adherence to his own legitimate pursuits; for though he 
 has never been wanting in public spirit, nor deaf to the calls 
 upon him as a patriotic and benevolent citizen, his best 
 energies have been given to the furtherance of his business 
 interests, in which, though modest and unassuming in all 
 his operations, he is recognized as the leading house. 
 
 II.WER, PROCTOR, M. D., Physician and Pro- 
 fessor of Surgery and Medical Jurisprudence in 
 the Cleveland Medical College, was born on 
 October i6th, 1823, at Williamstown, Berkshire 
 county, Massachusetts, and is a son of the late 
 Daniel Thayer, a farmer of that section, who 
 died when his son was but seven years of age. Pie w'as 
 educated at the Western Reserve College, Hudson, Ohio, 
 graduating in the scientific department of that institution 
 when nineteen years old. Shortly after this event he 
 entered the office of I'rofessor J- Delamater, M. D., of 
 Cleveland, where he commenced the study of medicine, 
 jirosecuting the same in the Cleveland Medical College, 
 from which school he graduated in the class of 1849. 
 turning to the office of his preceptor, he became associated 
 with him in his practice for a period of ten years. Mean- 
 while he W'as appointed, in 1852, Demonstrator of Anatomy 
 in the Cleveland Medical College, and in 1856 was chosen 
 to fill the chair of Anatomy and Physiology in the same 
 institution, which position he held until 1862. In the last- 
 named year he w'as transferred to the Professorship of the 
 Principles and Practice of Surgery, which he yet retains, 
 with the addition of Medical Jurisprudence. During all 
 this period he hxs attended to a large medical and surgical 
 practice. A portion of the years 1862 and 1863 were spent 
 as Surgeon in the army during the w'ar of the rebellion. 
 Returning to Cleveland, he resumed the practice of his pro- 
 fession in addition to his duties as Professor. In the eigh- 
 teen hundred lectures delivered by him not one has ever 
 been given from written notes, as he is a fluent lecturer, 
 withi a fine command of language; and as he is a complete 
 master of his subject, the lectures are always interesting and 
 
 instructive. As a surgeon he is generally known to be 
 skilful and safe, having performed many operations with 
 brilliant success; and his reputation as a fine clinical lec- 
 turer and demonstrator is well established. He has served 
 in the City Councils for four years with credit to himself 
 and advantage to the public. He was married in 1861 to 
 Mary Ellen Masury, of Cleveland, and is the father of four 
 children. 
 
 I^^UFFIN, CAPTAIN JAMES L., was born Decem- 
 ber 22(1, 1S13, in Cincinnati, and was the eighth 
 of eleven children, whose parents W'ere Major 
 M'illiam Ruffin and Elizabeth Rue. The former 
 was a native of Virginia, who came to Ohio at 
 a very early age, and served with gallantry under 
 General Wayne in his successful campaign against the 
 Miami river Indians. After this service he returned to Cin- 
 cinnati and resided there until his death, in 1834. He 
 manifested great interest in the public welfare, and was 
 frequently selected for public office, having been Clerk of 
 Cincinnati and Sheriff of Hamilton county. His wife, a 
 native of Maryland, died in 1831 at Cincinnati. James had 
 unusual advantages in the w'ay of educational advancement 
 when young, and profited by them. His finishing studies 
 were pursued at Cincinnati College, an institution now 
 extinct, but then of wide celebrity, his mentor having been 
 Milo G. Williams, an educator of some renown. At the 
 completion of his academic career he accepted in 1832 a 
 position as clerk in the house of Nesbitt & McCullough, of 
 Cincinnati, and remained in it one year, when he became 
 clerk on an Ohio river steamboat, upon w hich he stopped 
 two years. In 1835 he began the trade of book-binding, 
 and continued at it for four years. This season of labor 
 was followed by one of enforced idleness, acute rheumatism 
 rendering it impossible for him to engage in any employ- 
 ment. In 1839 he was made Deputy Clerk under General 
 Harrison, Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas, Hamilton 
 county, Ohio, and remained in that office until 1840, when 
 he was made Deputy to Daniel Gano, Clerk of the Superior 
 Court, and acted in that capacity one year. P'rom 1841 to 
 1842 he served as clerk to Moses Brooks, a prominent 
 lumber merchant, and from 1842 to 1849 ''dd the office 
 of Constable. The six succeeding years found him in the 
 office of City Marshal of Cincinnati, the responsible duties 
 of which he discharged with fidelity and to the satisfaction 
 of the public. From 1856 to 1857 he again filled the posi- 
 tion of Constable, and from 1857 to 1858 he acted as 
 detective. Upon the election to the mayoralty of N. W. 
 Thomas, he was appointed Chief of Police of Cincinnati, 
 and held that office two years, and was re-selected to the 
 discharge of its grave responsibilities during the period from 
 1863 lo 1871. Since his retirement from that position he 
 has filled others of a public nature, always winning the 
 good opinion of the public for his zeal and rectitude. He 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL E^XYCLOP/LDIA. 
 
 65 
 
 was married on December 8th, 1840, in Cincinnati, to 
 Elizabeth Grindle. He was in jralitics originally a Whig, 
 and has been a Republican ever sinee the organization of 
 that party. He resides at Clifton, and is now a man of 
 wealth and of great social and political influence. 
 
 3 NIGHT, EDWARD HENRY, Editor of the 
 Official Gazette, Patent Office, was born in Lon- 
 don, England, June 1st, 1824. His earlier educa- 
 tion was obtained in Southampton, England. He 
 studied in London as a landscape engraver, and 
 subsequently pursued his profession in Cincinnati, 
 Ohio. About thirty years ago, the demand for that kind of 
 work being rather limited, he qualified himself to act as a 
 surveyor and mechanical engineer. In 1864 he took charge 
 of the preparation of the Patent Office Report, and in 1868 
 of the classification of the Patent Office. In the beginning 
 of 1872 he was, at its foundation, appointed Editor of the 
 Offcinl Gazette. His principal literary production is a 
 “ Mechanical Dictionary,” published by H. O. Houghton 
 & Co., Riverside Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Hurd 
 & Houghton, New York), a work in three volumes, con- 
 taining 2600 pages, with 6000 illustrations, and embracing 
 20,000 subjects. He is the compiler also of a volume of 
 poetry published recently in New York, entitled “A Library 
 of Poetry and Song.” It was honored by an introduction 
 on the subject in general by William Cullen Bryant, and has 
 had a greater success than any other collection of poetry 
 ever published in this or perhaps any other country. A re- 
 vised and extended edition has lately been published. His 
 miscellaneous literary productions are to be found in various 
 magazines and newspapers, and consist of articles on ma- 
 chinery and the progress of the useful arts. Among these 
 may be mentioned particularly current “ Reviews of Recent 
 Inventions,” in Harper's Weekly, and monthly contribu- 
 tions to Harper's Magazine on “ The Mechanical Progress 
 of the Century” (December, 1874, to March, 1875), which 
 form a portion of an extended series on our “ Centenary of 
 Progress.” More recently he was placed in charge of the 
 arrangement and appointed custodian of the Patent Office 
 display at the Government building. Centennial grounds, 
 Philadelphia. He was married in 1848, at Dayton, Ohio, 
 to Maria J. Richards. 
 
 L ^'MIN'GHAM, FRANCES, Farmer, was born in 
 
 October, 1806, in Sycamore township of Hamil- 
 ton county, Ohio, and was the youngest of ten 
 children, whose parents were James and Jennette 
 (Parker) Cunningham. His father, a native of 
 Pennsylvania, settled in Kentucky at an early 
 day, remaining there, however, only a short time. He then 
 moved to I'ort Washington, Hamilton county — the site of 
 9 
 
 mi 
 
 e- X.3 
 
 & tj 
 
 what is now the city of Cincinnati — in 1790. Shortly after 
 this he purchased section twenty-eight of Sycamore township, 
 in the same county, from Symmes, its original proprietor, 
 and settled on it. Here he followed, until his death, June 
 1st, 1812, the occupation of a farmer. His wife was a na- 
 tive of Pennsylvania, her death occurring in 1835. P'rancis 
 had few facilities for obtaining an education, but fully im- 
 proved these in order to be ready for better ones. The 
 school he attended — irregularly of nece.ssity — was of the old 
 frontier type ; but rude as the appointments of this were, 
 they enabled him to form a strong taste for reading, and 
 whetted his ambition for a substantial education, which he 
 eventually secured by his individual and unaided exertions. 
 He commenced farm labor early in life, and has followed 
 it, with some slight interruptions, ever since. P'or some 
 years he was actively engaged in trading and speculating in 
 the Southern States. In i860 he moved to Lebanon, War- 
 ren county, Ohio, and resided there for about ten months, 
 and then returned to his original estate to resume agricul- 
 tural pursuits. His political affiliations are with the Repub- 
 lican party, and his first vote was cast for General Jackson. 
 While taking a deep interest in civil affairs, he has never 
 aspired to public office, and has declined to accept it. He 
 has been active in efforts to improve the system of popular 
 education observed in his section, and has. succeeded in 
 perfecting it. Though raised in what was known as the 
 Seceder Church, and a constant attendant upon worship, 
 his religious views are not narrow and circumscribed. He 
 believes in religious tolerance. He is a man of pleasing 
 social qualities, and of good, strong common sense, and is 
 everywhere respected for his enterprise and sterling integ- 
 rity as a citizen. His father had the honor of having 
 erected the first brick house in Sycamore township, in the 
 year 1801. He was married on March 6th, 1855, to Caro- 
 line M. Bryant, a daughter of John Bryant, an old citizen 
 of Hamilton county, who in the latter years of his life 
 moved to Platte county, Missouri, and died there in 1863. 
 
 CHWAB, MATTHIA.S, Organ Builder, was a 
 German by birth, having been born in Baden in 
 the year 1810. He was still quite young when 
 he came to this country. He was taken to Cin- 
 cinnati, and in that city the principal portion of 
 his remaining years were passed. He became in 
 the widest and truest sense of the word a citizen of the 
 jilace; identified himself with all its best interests, and suf- 
 fered no opportunity to pass in which he might fittingly 
 show his regard for his adopted city. His education was a 
 thoroughly good one, and he brought to all his enterprises 
 and all his intercourse a fine culture and a rare intelligence. 
 He possessed a fine combination of musical taste, mechani- 
 cal aptitude, and unyielding jierseverance ; so when he 
 I decided to enter upon the work of organ building, he 
 
66 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 brought to his work the elements that insure ultimate suc- 
 cess. He was one of the very first to engage in the work 
 in Cincinnati, and his earnestness, his fitness for the busi- 
 ness, his patient industry, and his intelligent perseverance 
 enabled him, in the development of his chosen field of 
 labor, to attain a celebrity probably unequalled west of the 
 Alleghenies. By hard work and sympathetic study he 
 achieved perfection in mechanism, and the instruments 
 produced by him became famous for their delicacy of touch, 
 their range and their richness of tone. The high places of 
 prosperity were not reached without a hard struggle, how- 
 ever. At one time, after his marriage, while he was at 
 work at the foundation of his reputation, his means were so 
 meagre that one room served for his factory and for the 
 home of his wife and himself. He married early in life 
 Solomence Yeck, a native of Pennsylvania, and the result 
 of the marriage was eleven children. In the year 1865, 
 after having lived to enjoy to some extent the prosperous 
 results of his early struggles, he died, widely and sincerely 
 mourned. In religion he was a Catholic, and was a promi- 
 nent and influential member of the church. In politics he 
 was a Democrat ; but he was a patriot, never a jiartisan. 
 He steadily and earnestly worked for the support of the 
 government in its efforts to crush the rebellion, and at his 
 instance three of his sons enlisted in the Union army and 
 took part in many of the battles of the war. Not only was 
 he patriotic and public-spirited, he was philanthropic in a 
 large degree, and always gave generously of his means, 
 large or small, to promote the welfare of benevolent institu- 
 tions and to meet the calls of private charity. 
 
 LF, DANIEL, Broker, is a native of Bavaria. 
 He was born in the town of P'reidesheim, at 
 Rheinpfalz, in that country, on the 2d of April, 
 1819, and continued to live there until he was 
 fourteen years of age. While still living in his 
 native town he secured the rudiments of a good, 
 substantial education. With his residence there his school 
 opportunities came to an end, and such mental training as 
 he subsequently obtained was wholly due to his own un- 
 aided efforts. In the year 1833 he came with his parents 
 to this country, and settled in Stark county, Ohio, where 
 his father went into business as a butcher and hotel keeper. 
 In the following year he went with the family to find a 
 home in Cincinnati. He assisted his father there in the 
 butchering business ; but the profits of the business did not 
 come up to his desires, and he concluded to relinquish it. 
 Accordingly he accepted a position in a store at the dazzling 
 salary of three dollars per month. P'or six months he con- 
 tinued to work in this situation and on these terms, and 
 then, in the year 1837, when he was eighteen years of age, 
 he went again to work with his father, who had gone into 
 the clothing business. He remained with his father until 
 
 1842, and then entered into a copartnership with his 
 brothers, Abraham and Isaac, in the clothing and woollen 
 goods business, under the firm-name of A. & 1 . Wolf & Co. 
 This firm was dissolved in the year 1865 by the death of 
 the leading partner, Abraham. It was soon reorganized, 
 however, under the style of 1 . & D. Wolf. The firm relin- 
 quished the mercantile business in 1869, and went into the 
 brokerage line, which line it has since continued to pursue'. 
 In politics Daniel Wolf was originally a W’hig; but when 
 the Know Nothing party was organized he left the ranks 
 of the Whigs and entered those of the Democrats. He 
 continued in the Democratic faith until the breaking out of 
 the war of the rebellion, in 1861, and then he considered 
 that the time had come to revoke his allegiance to any mere 
 party and yield it alone to his adopted country. He was 
 earnestly devoted to the preservation of the Union in its in- 
 tegrity, and supported with all his energy every measure for 
 the vigorous prosecution of the war. He, together with 
 other prominent and infiuenlial citizens of the old Fifth and 
 the adjacent wards of the city, started and organized the 
 first company of home military. The company was called 
 the “ Stoner Rifles,’’ and was composed of old men, who 
 armed and equipped themselves at their own expense. 
 This organization formed the nucleus of many of the com- 
 panies that entered the army and participated in some of 
 the hardest work of the war. In the year 1865 Daniel 
 W’olf was elected a member of the City (,'ouncil in place of 
 Benjamin Eggleston, who had been chosen to a seat in 
 Congress. He was put forward by the best citizens of the 
 ward, was elected by a large majority, and performed the 
 duties of his position so accejitably that by successive re- 
 elections he has been kept in the position ever since. For 
 four years he was a member of the Board of City Improve- 
 ments, and at the present time he is Chairman of the 
 Finance Committee. He was married in 1847 'o Rebecca 
 Bruel, of Cincinnati. Ten cbildren have been born to 
 them, and of these nine are now living. His eldest daugh- 
 ter is the wife of H. S. Mack, of the firm of H. S. Mack & 
 Co., of Milwaukee, Wisconsin ; and his second daughter is 
 the wife of A. Meyer, of the firm of Meis & Meyer, whole- 
 sale boots and shoes. 
 
 TIMSON, RODNEY M., Marietta, Ohio, was 
 lorn at Milford, New Hampshire, on October 
 26th, 1824. He was descended from John Stim- 
 son, who came from England to Boston, Ma.ssa- 
 chusetts, about 1640. He received his education 
 at Marietta College, from which he graduated in 
 1847. He then commenced the study of law, and in 1849 
 was admitted to the bar. But his fancy for newspaper life 
 being greater, he abandoned the law and established the 
 Register, at Stouton, Lawrence county. This new work 
 received his best energies, and until the spring of 1862 he 
 gave his entire attention to that paper. He then moved to 
 
1 . # 
 
 ? •• 
 
 I 
 
B I OG R A PH I C A L E XC VCIX) P JiD 1 A . 
 
 67 
 
 Marietta, and there edited and published the Marietla 
 Rtgister, in which he continued until May, 1872. Since 
 that he has been out of business, and has devoted his time 
 between leisure and study, possessing a fine library of over 
 two thousand carefully selected volumes. He can always 
 be found among them. His contributions, which are many, 
 are of the highest order. In 1869 he was elected to the 
 Ohio State .Senate as a Republican. The universal satis- 
 faction felt by his constituents caused his re-election to the 
 same office in 1871, where he served in all four years. His 
 record while in the Legislature was highly honorable, and 
 the record shows him as one of the ablest and most ener- 
 getic men in the Legislature during his time. He has been 
 married twice; first in 1851, and then again in 1862. 
 
 fORRILL, HENRY ALBERT, Lawyer, is the 
 v.X^I third son of .Stmuel Morrill and Martha Morrill, 
 and was horn in Potsdam, X'ew York, February 
 13th, 1835. His paternal grandfather was one 
 of five or six brothers who in early life emigrated 
 from X'ew Hampshire to Caledonia county, Ver- 
 mont, then a wilderness, and there became ultimately the 
 possessors of large and productive farms. They were men 
 of prominence in church, benevolent, and in Christian en- 
 terprises. His maternal grandparents, whose name was 
 Tilton, were members of a family prominent in business 
 circles in northern New York. His father, soon after mar- 
 riage, settled near the home of his wife’s parents, where he 
 was engaged in various business pursuits, meeting with 
 varied success, until his decease, which occurred about 
 thirteen years ago. He was a man of inflexible integrity in 
 all the affairs of life, and was endowed with more than 
 ordinary intellectual powers. At the age of four years, his 
 mother dying and leaving a large family of young children, 
 he removed to Vermont to live with his paternal grand- 
 parents, with- whom he remained until their death; then 
 with their married daughter, who had succeeded to the 
 homestead as head of the household, continued to reside 
 there until he had attained his eighteenth year. During 
 this time he was engaged in working on the farm, and at- 
 tended also the village school and academy. Conceiving 
 about that period a distaste for agricultural pursuits, he 
 visited St. Louis, proposing to turn his attention to Inisiness, 
 and was there engaged for six months in a large commission 
 house. At the close of his engagement with that establish- 
 ment he returned to his home, whence, after completing a 
 preparatory course of studies, he entered D.artmoulh College 1 
 in 1856, and graduated with honor in i860. During his! 
 college course, and also while fitting himself for it, he ! 
 taught school in the winter, and in the summer vacations j 
 worked for hire on the farms, thus defraying his entire ex- 
 penses, receiving no outside help from any source. After 
 graduating he at once began the study of law, and during ■ 
 
 the ensuing fall presided over an academy at Lisbon, New 
 Hampshire. In the early part of 1S61 he removed to Cin- 
 cinnati, where for three years he was engaged in teaching 
 in private schools, continuing also the study of law, and in 
 the meantime taking an active part, as an orator and de- 
 bater, in the current political movements of the State. In 
 1863 he was admitted to the bar and entered on the prac- 
 tice of his profession. In the spring of 1865, General E. 
 F. Noyes, since Governor of Ohio, with whom he had read 
 law, having been elected City Solicitor of Cincinnati, he was 
 appointed by him Assistant Solicitor. In the fall of 1866, 
 after the election of Noyes to the Probate Judgeship of the 
 county, he was appointed by the City Council to fill the 
 vacancy in the Solicitor’s office, and in the following spring 
 was elected to the Solicitor^hip for the term of two years. 
 Retiring from office in 1869, he formed a law partnership 
 with his father-in-law, and since then has been constantly 
 engaged in carrying on an extensive and remunerative 
 practice, to which, with the exception of the work he has 
 done in connection with the Law School of Cincinnati, he 
 has devoted his entire attention. In 1S70 he was appointed 
 Professor of Mercantile Law, Contracts, and Evidence, in 
 the Law .School, and still retains that position. He is a 
 zealous and prominent officer and v'orker in his church — 
 Presbyterian — and in political matters, while holding him- 
 self apart from the machinations of corrupt partisanship, is 
 fearless and outspoken in delivering his views and senti- 
 ments concerning every important measure. He w'as mar- 
 ried in 1S67 to Anna McGuffey, eldest daughter of A. H. 
 McGuffey, a prominent lawyer of Cincinnati. 
 
 AI.DWIN, DWIGHT H., Wholesale and Retail 
 Dealer in Pianos and Organs, was born in North 
 East, Erie county, Pennsylvania, on September 
 15th, 1821. His parents were from the .State of 
 Connecticut, and were of English and Irish ex- 
 traction. His mother was the daughter of Caji- 
 tain Samuel Waugh, who enlisted in the Revolutionary war 
 when he was but sixteen years of age, and served as an 
 officer seven years. Cat tain Waugh married Miss Good- 
 win, who was a lineal descendant of one of the best families 
 of that name in England. Our subject acquired his educa- 
 tion principally in the public and select schools of his 
 native town, and subsequently entered Oberlin College. 
 After spending several years as a student in jireparing for 
 the ministry, on account of failing health he was compelled 
 to abandon his studies and college, and relinquish his cher- 
 ished object of becoming a regularly educated minister of 
 the gospel. Having thus been frustrated in obtaining the 
 yrrofession of his choice, he visited Kentucky and engaged 
 in teaching music, which he found agreeable, and therefore 
 continued several years in that State and in that business. 
 He then removed to Ripley, Ohio, and after remaining 
 
68 
 
 r. IOC ; u A p 1 1 1 c ' A I , i: nc v c i.o p. p: i > i a . 
 
 there a few years, being engaged in teaching music, he 
 went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he has since resided. 
 During the first seven years of his residence in the Queen 
 City of the West he was engaged in teaching music in the 
 public schools. It has been estimated by those who are 
 qualified to know, that he has given music lessons to more 
 than one hundred thousand pupils in cla'sses, and more than 
 one hundred persons are now teaching music who were at 
 one time his scholars. In 1863 he began in a very small 
 way to sell pianos and organs. This business has gradually 
 but constantly increased until now it extends over ten or 
 twelve different States. lie began with the determination 
 of building up a large business on a basis of strict integrity, 
 and the results have far surpassed his most sanguine expec- 
 tations, his sales of pianos and organs being more than 
 double that of any other house in the State of Ohio. The 
 name D. H. Baldwin on a bill is a sufficient guarantee that 
 every musical instrument sold from his warerooms is quite 
 as good in every respect as it had been represented to be by 
 the salesman. In his remarkable success in business he has 
 not for an instant forgotten how ardently he desired to be- 
 come a clergyman by profession. Although defeated by 
 ill-health in attaining to that position, he has found many 
 opportunities in the church and Sabbath-school to labor for 
 his Divine Master. In July, 1863, he was elected a Ruling 
 Elder in the Third Presbyterian Church of Cincinnati, and 
 still holds that honorable and responsible position. Since 
 1868 he has been the efficient and tireless Superintendent 
 of the Sunday-school of that church. The printed reports 
 of the Sabbath-schools of the Presbytery of Cincinnati, for 
 the year ending May, 1875, show that the school over 
 which he presides had a larger number of pupils than any 
 other. Every day, at an early hour in the afternoon, he 
 leaves the cares of his business and devotes the remainder 
 of the day in visiting the families of the pupils of his school, 
 thus reducing to practice the religion which he iwofesses. 
 On December 30th, 1844, he married Emerine Summers, 
 of Elizaville, Kentucky. 
 
 ^jERARD, CLINTON W., Lawyer, Prosecuting 
 Attorney for Hamilton county, Ohio, was born in 
 
 Newtown, Hamilton county, Ohio, September 
 20th, 1842. His ancestors were known as es- 
 teemed companions of the earlier pioneers and 
 settlers in the southwestern section of Ohio, where 
 they located themselves when that part of our country, now 
 so thriving and populous, was sparsely settled and wholly 
 undeveloped. His parents were Isaac Gerard and Maria 
 (lerard. Until he had attained his seventeenth year he 
 lived on a farm, engaged in agricultural labor during the 
 summer season, and in the winter months attending the 
 neighboring country schools, where he received a limited 
 and preliminary education. He subsequently conceived 
 
 the idea of entering some profession, and, holding that de- 
 sign steadily in view, employed himself in teaching a 
 common school, thus securing the desired opportunity 
 which enabled him to complete, in a measure, his store of 
 crude acquirements, and to prepare his mind, by a con- 
 sistent course of drilling, to receive profitably a higher 
 system of training. Upon the outbreak of the rehellion, 
 however, he temporarily relinquished his student life, and 
 entered the service of the United States to assist in the 
 maintenance and defence of the Union. Enlisting as a 
 private in the 83d Ohio Volunteer Infantry, he served 
 actively during the ensuing three years as a non-commis- 
 sioned officer, participating in many hard-fought battles, 
 and at all times, under the most trying and perilous circum- 
 stances, acquitting himself with intrepidity and efficiency. 
 While acting in a military capacity he was recognized as 
 an ardent and useful soldier, and upon various occasions 
 was favorably mentioned by his superiors. Receiving his 
 discharge in August, 1865, he re-entered the college at the 
 beginning of the September term of this year, resuming the 
 prosecution of his former studies, and through indefatigable 
 exertions and economical management graduated in the 
 fall of 1868 at Miami University, Oxford, Ohio. In the 
 following September he received the aiipointment of Pro- 
 fessor of Mathematics at the I'armers’ College, located a' 
 College Hill, Ohio, which position he filled with ability for 
 a period of two years. In the meantime, also, having re- 
 solved to embrace the legal profession, he studied law 
 under the directions of Dickson & Murdoch, of Cincinnati, 
 and attended the Cincinnati I.aw School, whence he grad- 
 uated April 19th, 1870, receiving his diploma in that year. 
 In the ensuing June, the college session having closed, he 
 removed to Cincinnati, and entering at once upon the active 
 practice of his profession, rapidly secured an extensive and 
 remunerative clientage. In the fall of 1872, the position of 
 Assistant Prosecuting Attorney of Hamilton county being 
 tendered him, he accepted it, and in January, 1S73, received 
 his appointment. During 1873-74, having performed the 
 functions of his office with faultless ability and well-directed 
 zeal, he was widely named as a fit candidate for the posi- 
 tion of Prosecuting Attorney, and in 1875 unanimously 
 nominated by the Democratic party for his present office, 
 ultimately securing an election by a m.ajority of over five 
 thousand in the county, running far ahead of his ticket. 
 Nominated by acclamation by the Democratic Convention, 
 elected by an overwhelming majority, he was installed in 
 his new office on January 4th, 1875, under the most felici- 
 tous circumstances. Throughout his administration his 
 course and actions have been invariably characterized by a 
 fearless and impartial construction of the law, an inflexible 
 determination to repress the growth and spread of the crim- 
 inal classes, and an undeviating attention to eveiy detail 
 connected with the proper fulfilment of his many important 
 duties. He is what may be termed, in the fullest sense of 
 the expression, a self-made man. Encompassed with diffi- 
 

r.Tor.RAPiiicAi, F.\cvcLnp.Kr)iA. 
 
 (>(} 
 
 culties ;it his outset in life, he met them with vigor and 
 determination, and now — holding an honorable and im- 
 portant office, an esteemed and prominent citizen, a skilful 
 lawyer — reaps deservedly the reward of his tireless ex- 
 ertions. 
 
 'ILDRETII, GEORGE OSGOOD, M. D., was 
 born in Marietta, Ohio, November 17th, 1812. 
 Ilis father. Dr. Samuel Prescott Hildreth, widely 
 known as a medical practitioner, author and 
 scientist, was born in Methuen, Massachusetts, 
 September 30th, 1783, descending from a distin- 
 guished New England ancestry, traced directly to Richard 
 Hildreth, who emigrated from England more than two 
 centuries ago. His boyhood was passed on his father’s 
 farm and in studies at a common school. His preparations 
 for a collegiate course "were made at Phillips’ Andover 
 Academy, but before the completion of his college training 
 he entered upon the study of medicine with Dr. Thomas 
 Kittredge, at Andover, North parish. In May, 1805, not 
 then twenty-two years of age, he began practice in Hamp- 
 stead, Rockingham county. New Hampshire, and after a 
 sixteen months’ residence in this place he started, Sep- 
 tember 9th, 1806, on horseback for the West, arriving at 
 Marietta, Ohio, October 4th. Here he remained nine 
 weeks, and then went to Belpre, twelve miles distant, to 
 practise. Here, on August 19th, 1807, he married Rhoda, 
 daughter of G.rptain Pardon Cook. .She was a native of 
 New Bedford, Massachusetts, and came to Ohio in 1804 
 with her mother, then a widow. In 1808, after a stay of 
 fifteen months in Belpre, Dr. Hildreth returned to Marietta, 
 and there resided until his death, July 24th, 1863. His 
 wife, a lady of most estimable qualities and many accom- 
 plishments, died at the same place, June 21st, 1868. In 
 1810, when twenty-seven years of age. Dr. Hildreth was 
 elected to the Ohio Legislature, and re-elected in 1811. 
 At that time he was a supporter of the Jefferson and Madi- 
 son administrations. His unsuccessful opponent in 1811 
 was the late Judge Ephraim Cutler, a Federalist. In later 
 years both acted in concert as Whigs. Upon the expiration 
 of his second term he declined to act further in that capa- 
 city. He was a man of decided political opinions, and of 
 such unswerving integrity that there was no inducement 
 that could lead him against the right. He was a Repub- 
 lican from the formation of that party, in 1854. The Legis- 
 lature of which he was a member, in 1811, elected him 
 Collector of Non-resident Taxes, at a salary of $250 per 
 annum, and he held that office for eight y'ears, when, in 
 1819, it was abolished. In 1810 he became clerk of the 
 Trustees of the Ministerial Lands, and retained that po- 
 sition until his death. At home and abroad he was highly 
 esteemed for his scientific labors. Among his publications 
 were, in 1808, a “ History of the Plpidemic of the Year 
 1807 ; ” in 1812 a “ Description of the American Colombo, 
 
 with a Drawing of the Plant;” in 1822 a “ Treatise on 
 Hydrophobia,” and another on a curious case similar to 
 that of the Siamese twins, which occurred in his practice. 
 These papers were jiublished in the A\'w York Medical 
 Repository. In 1824 he published in the riiiladclphia 
 yournal of Medical Science a full history of the great 
 Epidemic Fever that visited the Ohio valley and Marietta 
 in 1822 and 1823; and in 1S25, in the Western fournal of 
 Medictne, of Cincinnati, an account of the minor diseases 
 I of the epidemic. In 1826 he became the author of a series 
 I of papers on the “Natural and Civil Histoiy of Washington 
 j County,” printed in Silliman's Journal of Science, New 
 I Haven. From that time until his death he w'as a frequent 
 j contributor to that journal on conchological, geological, 
 
 I meteorological and medical subjects. These were all very 
 j valuable, especially those treating on the salt-bearing rock 
 i in Ohio, and the history of salt manufacture from the first 
 settlement in that State. His “ Diary of a Naturalist” was 
 exceedingly interesting and instructive. In 1837 he became 
 one of the assistant geologists on the Ohio State Geological 
 Survey, and in 1839 became President of the Medical 
 Society of Ohio, and delivered before it, at Cleveland, as 
 the annual address, a “ History of the Diseases and Climate 
 of Southeastern Ohio from its F'irst Settlement,” which w'as 
 printed by the society and widely circulated. In the same 
 year he published a “ History of the Settlement of Belvllle, 
 Western Virginia,” which was continued through several 
 numbers of the Hesperian, a magazine issued in Cincinnati. 
 In 1842-43 he contributed frecpiently to the American 
 Pioneer published monthly in the same city. In 1S48 
 he issued his “ Pioneer History,” an octavo volume of 525 
 pages, which was “an account of the first examinations of 
 the Ohio valley and early settlement of the Northwest Ter- 
 ritory.” This was followed in 1852 by his “ Lives of the 
 Early Settlers of Ohio,” an octavo volume of 539 pages. 
 In 1830 he began a cabinet of natural history, from the 
 fossil insects, shells and plants of Ohio, to which were 
 addeJ minerals, insects and marine specimens from other 
 quarters. In a few years he had gathered four thousand 
 specimens, including many relics from “ancient mounds.” 
 In 1855 he donated this valuable cabinet to Marietta Col- 
 lege, together with his scientific libraiy, and many rare 
 works pertaining to the pioneer history of the West. These 
 occupy a room knowm as “ Hildreth’s Cabinet,” and by this 
 donation he became one of the leading benefaclors of that 
 institution. He was a man of sincere piety, and was every- 
 where esteemed for his profound learning and his attractive 
 social (pialities. George Osgood Hildreth, his son, was 
 educated at the Ohio University, at Athens, from which he 
 graduated in 1829. Upon leaving this institution he 
 entered at once upon the study of medicine with his father, 
 and soon after entered the medical depaitment of Transyl- 
 vania University, at Lexington, Kentucky, from which he 
 graduated in 1835. He commenced practice at once, asso- 
 ciated with his father, at Marietta, and has uninterruptedly 
 
70 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL E N C V C L O IL:E D I A . 
 
 continued it until the present time, with the exception of 
 four years, from 1S49 to 1853, when he was in California, 
 to w'hich the prevalent “gold fever” had impelled him. 
 lie resumed his professional duties upon his return, and 
 continued alone in their performance since the death of his 
 father, in 1863. In June, 1863, he was appointed Ex- 
 aminer of United States Pensioners, and still retains that 
 position. P'or a number of years he has acted as clerk of 
 the Ministerial Trustees of Marietta; is a stockholder in 
 the Eirst National Bank and in the Marietta National 
 Bank; a member of the Washington County Medical 
 Society ; occupies the family homestead on Putnam street, 
 and is still unmarried. 
 
 I'TERSON, JOHN E., M. D., was born, Febru- 
 ary iSth, 1830, at Mount Pleasant, Westmoreland 
 county, Pennsylvania, and was the third of six 
 children whose parents were A. O. and Maria S. 
 (.Speer) Patterson. Ilis father, a native of Fay- 
 ette county, Pennsylvania, was a graduate of 
 Washington College, Pennsylvania, and became a jiromi- 
 nent clergyman of the Presbyterian church. He was a 
 learned and eloquent divine, and during the last year of 
 his life preached at Oxford, Ohio, where he died, Decem- 
 ber 14th, 1868. His wife was born at Chillicothe, and 
 was a woman of many virtues and accomplishments. John 
 E. had in youth the advantages of a liberal education, and 
 became at quite an early age a student in Washington Col- 
 lege, which he left in 1850, going in that year to Cincin- 
 nati, where he commenced to read medicine with Dr. I. J. 
 Dodge. He remained with this gentleman three years, 
 and in this period attended three courses of lectures at the 
 Medical College of Ohio, from which, in the spring of 
 1855, he graduated with high honor. He at once located 
 in Cincinnati as a practitioner, remaining there for seven 
 months, when he went to Pittsburgh, and followed his 
 profession in that city until the breaking out of the rebel- 
 lion. In 1862 he entered the United States service as 
 Assistant Surgeon, and was stationed at Paducah, Ken- 
 tuckv, having charge of the hospital-boat “ ftr. Robinson.” 
 He remained here about six months, when he moved his 
 boat to Columbus, Kentucky, where he was stationed for 
 another half year. Here also he was assigned charge of 
 the hospital-boat “ N.rshville,” which he retained for six 
 months. Then he accompanied this boat as Assistant 
 Surgeon to Vicksburg, where he was stationed for a year, 
 being part of the time in the hospital of that city and the 
 remainder of the time on the boat. In March, 1864, he 
 went to Columbus, Ohio, and was there commissioned as 
 Assistant Surgeon of the itSth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 
 and, after a short sojourn with this regiment, was placed on 
 the “ Operating Board of Surgeons ” of the 2d Division of 
 the 23d Army Corps, and was actively connected with that 
 corps during the active campaign against Atlanta, engaging 
 
 in its skirmishes and battles. Subsequently he went as 
 Assistant Surgeon in the Marietta Hospital, Georgia, and 
 after this he was stationed in the hospitals of Atlanta until 
 the troops were ordered out of that city, in contemplation 
 of Sherman’s march to the sea. He then went to Louis- 
 ville, Kentucky, and for about two months served in 
 Crittenden Hospital, when he was ordered to Nashville, 
 where he remained six months in Hospital No. l. His 
 regiment was then ordered to the Atlantic coast, and at his 
 request he joined it in January, 1S65, and acted with it 
 during the balance of its service in North Carolina, at Wil- 
 mington and at Saulsltury. He was mustered out, June 
 24th, 1865, and returned to Cincinnati, where he practised 
 medicine two years. Then, on account of his father’s im- 
 paired health, he moved to Oxford, Ohio, where the latter 
 was residing, and followed his profession in that place for 
 two years; and upon the expiration of this period located in 
 Glendale, where he has since lived. He is a physician of 
 great skill, and his long hospital service in the army has 
 been of great benefit to him and his patrons, as well as to 
 the science of which he is a leading exponent. He is a 
 gentleman of great energy of character, of fine culture and 
 attractive social qualities, and is highly esteemed for his 
 public and private services. He is a member of the 
 Presbyterian Church, and is a Republican in his political 
 affiliations. 
 
 I ARD, WILLIAM W., Lumber Merchant, was 
 born in Underhill, Chittenden county, Vermont, 
 July 6th, 1811, and was the fourth child in a 
 family of seven children whose parents were 
 William Ward and Anna (Spenser) Waid. His 
 father, a native of Vermont and the direct de- 
 scendant of Revolutionary ancestry, followed agricultural 
 pursuits through life, and was a man of influence and edu- 
 cation; he died in East Poultney, Rutland county, Vermont, 
 1S50. His mother was a native of Hartford, Connecti- 
 cut, noted for fervid piety; she died, January 3d, 1819. 
 His grandfather, Hon. William Ward, was one of the first 
 settlers of Poultney, Rutland county, Vermont, and during 
 the Revolutionary war took an active and zealous part, as 
 an officer, in the Continental army in his country’s defence. 
 He was a member of the convention which framed the 
 constitution of the State, and for six years presided as one 
 of the Judges of the County Court of Rutland county. For 
 twenty-two years he was Judge of Probate for the District 
 of Fairhaven ; served for forty years as Justice of the 
 Peace; and during eighteen years represented the town in 
 the .State Legislature. Also, for more than a half century, 
 he made a public profession of religion, and for nearly forty 
 years served as deacon of a church. He was a direct de- 
 scendant of General Artemas Ward, of the Massachusetts 
 Continental troops. He was engaged in labor at an early 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOICLDIA. 
 
 71 
 
 age, and his elementary education, obtained solely by his 
 own exertions, was limited in degree and kind. When 
 but twelve years of age he was compelled to maintain him- 
 self, and up to i8jO remained in Vermont, employed in 
 laborious but honorable pursuits. He then, in company 
 with Horace Greeley, afterward so famous, left his native 
 .State on foot for the West. His total capital was nine 
 dollars, while Greeley’s capital was eighteen dollars. At 
 Albion, Orleans county. New York, he was attacked by 
 illness, and rested there temporarily with a friend. Greeley 
 had then but nine dollars left, out of which sum he gave 
 five dollars to his comrade, and, the latter not permitting 
 him to remain, he proceeded on his journey. This was the 
 beginning of a friendship between the fortune-seekers that 
 lasted through life, and which was abundantly evidenced 
 by the correspondence and exchanged favors of subsequent 
 years. He was detained at Gaines, three miles from 
 Albion, by sickness, for about one month, at the expiration 
 of which time he found employment as a clerk there, and 
 served in that capacity during the ensuing three years. In 
 1833 he went by stage to Silver Creek, Chautauqua county, 
 New York, where he established his head-(iuarters for the 
 .sale of goods. In 1839 he set out for Cincinnati, and, ac- 
 complishing the journey on foot, arrived at his destination 
 in the .spring of 1840, without a cent in his pocket and with 
 not even an acquaintance in the town. He had accumu 
 bated a few dollars while in New York, but had lost every- 
 thing in trading ventures on the lake. His first occupation 
 in Cincinnati was the measuring and selling of lumber for 
 Captain Calvin Corvin, whom, two months later, he accom- 
 panied on business to St. Louis, where he succeeded in 
 gaining $300. At the expiration of two months he returned 
 with his employer to Cincinnati, and there engaged in 
 lumber selling’ on his own account. Within eighteen 
 months from this time he laid aside a sum of ^10,000, and 
 has since continued to prosecute the business in which he 
 met with such speedy and extraordinary .success. In 1856, 
 exhausted by sickness, he was taken to western New York, 
 presumedly to die, and simultaneously was crushed by dis- 
 astrous reverses in business. Two years elapsed before his 
 health was re-established, and he then returned to Cincin- 
 nati, as poor as upon his first arrival in the place; resumed, 
 by the aid of a little credit, his former business, and was 
 soon again on the full tide of prosperity. From the time 
 of his failure to the present day he has never given a 
 moneyed obligation, and he is now widely recognized as a 
 far-seeing and able man of business. His lumber yard is 
 located at 156 Harrison avenue. Politically, he is attached 
 to the Republican party, and for many years was noted as 
 a zealous abolitionist. At the time of Lovejoy’s murder by 
 a pro-slavery mob at Alton, Illinois, he was energetic in 
 his denunciations of the outrage, fearless in his advocacy 
 of true right and justice. Religiously, he is a Spiritualist, 
 believing firmly in the immortality of man and the possi- 
 bility of communication with friends in the spirit land. 
 
 He was married, September 13th, i860, to Rosanna C. 
 Jobson, a native of Germany; and again, July i8th, 1875, 
 to Caroline Henzler, of Cincinnati. 
 
 HON. JOHN F., Lawyer and Represent- 
 ative in the Sixtieth and Sixty-first General 
 
 Assemblies of Ohio, was born in Champaign 
 county, where he still resides, December yth, 
 1846. The name was originally spelled Goewey, 
 and his ancestors settled and lived in Rensselaer 
 county. New York. He is the son of Hartland D. Gowey 
 and Eliza A. (Willey) Gowey. His mother, whose ances- 
 tors were natives of Connecticut, was Irorn in Ohio. His 
 father was a native of Madison county. New York, and 
 after his arrival in Ohio engaged in mercantile pursuits in 
 the town of North Lewisburg, Champaign county. His 
 education was acquired primarily in the Ohio Wesleyan 
 University; and at the age of twenty he began the study 
 of law under the preccptorship of Hon. John H. Young, 
 of Urbana. In 1869 he was admitted to the bar, and at 
 once entered on the practice of his profession. In 1872 he 
 was elected, on the Republican ticket, to fill a vacancy in 
 the House, and in 1873 was re-elected for the next full 
 term. While a member of this body he has served on the 
 Committees on Privileges and Elections and on Insane 
 Asylums. In 1875, declining a re-election to the House, 
 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Champaign county. 
 To undertake to estimate the life and career of one so 
 young as he, would be a premature proceeding ; but, 
 marked as it has been by integrity and the profitable exer- 
 cise of sound abilities, there can be no danger in predicting 
 that his future will satisfy every reasonable hope of his 
 many friends. He was married, April 25th, 1867, to Clara 
 McDonald, of Champaign county, Ohio. 
 
 ELTZER, VAN S., Physician and Surgeon, was 
 born in Columbus, Ohio, in the house where he 
 still resides, August 31st, 1834. His grandfather, 
 George Seltzer, emigrated from Germany, and at 
 an early day settled in Pennsylvania, where he 
 engaged in mercantile business. He was the 
 organizer of Johnstown, Lebanon county, in that State, and 
 was widely recognized as an able man of business and use- 
 ful citizen. His family consisted of three sons and two 
 daughters; his oldest son, Samuel Z. Seltzer, M. D., left 
 Pennsylvania in 1831 and settled in Columbus, Ohio, where 
 he was engaged in the practice of medicine until his death, 
 in 1852. His mother, Mary (Tansnacht) Seltzer, of Johns- 
 town, Pennsylvania, was the mother of thirteen children. 
 He was the third son, and was educated preliminarily in 
 
72 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LUI A. 
 
 the public schools of his native place. In 1848 he entered 
 the Capitol University, where he remained as a student 
 during the ensuing three years. lie then began the study 
 of medicine under the instruction of his father, with whom 
 he read until death carried off his preceptor, in 1852. 
 Later, he entered the Starling College, and graduated from 
 that institution in 1855. He then commenced the practice 
 of his profession where his father had labored for a period 
 extending over twenty years, and at the present time pos- 
 sesses in the capital an extensive and lucrative business. 
 For three years, 1869-70-71, he held the position of Physi- 
 cian and Surgeon to the Franklin County Infirmary. At 
 the present time he is Physician and Surgeon of the Ohio 
 Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb. In politics, be is strongly 
 attached to the Republican party. He was married, August 
 19th, 1856, to Minerva 1 . Smcltzer, of Zanesville, Ohio. 
 
 OOMIS, WILLIAM B., Lawyer and ex-Judge of 
 the Seventh Judicial District, Marietta, Ohio, 
 was born in New London, Connecticut, on Feb- 
 ruary 1st, 1837. His parents were natives of 
 New England, and the family date their resi- 
 dence in this country two hundred and fifty years 
 back, originally having come from England. In 1840 
 Christopher C. Loomis, the father of the subject of this 
 sketch, emigrated to Ohio and engaged in the mercantile 
 business. William B. Loomis attended the Marietta Acad- 
 emy, and finished his education at the Marietta High 
 School. After leaving school he assisted in the mercantile 
 business, but only for a few months, when he was employed 
 in the Clerk’s office of this county, and while there began 
 tbe study of law, and in 1857 was admitted to the bar. 
 Leaving the County Clerk’s office he engaged in the prac- 
 tice of his profession, in which he has always been em- 
 ployed when not on the bench. In 1868 he was elected 
 Judge of the Court of Common Pleas and District Court, 
 which position he filled until 1873, his time then having 
 expired. He is now engaged in the practice of his profes- 
 sion, and is the senior member of the firm of Loomis, 
 Alban & Oldham, of Marietta, where they enjoy a large 
 and lucrative practice. He was married in i860 to 
 Frances Wheeler, of Marietta. 
 
 jURNS, REV. ANDREW, father of Hon. Andrew 
 M. Burns, was born in Berks county, near Read- 
 ing, Pennsylvania, in the year 1813, July 24th, 
 and is of Scotch-Itish extraction. While still a 
 small lad, in 1820, he emigrated with his father’s 
 family to Richland county, Ohio, then a wilder- 
 ness. With limited means originally for obtaining an 
 education, he has been throughout his life a close and 
 
 tireless student, and now, at the age of sixty-two years, is a 
 profound scholar, a man of valuable and varied literary 
 and general knowledge, and one of the ablest preachers of 
 the Disciple Church. In 1856 and 1857 he served as a 
 member of the Ohio House of Representatives, from Rich- 
 land county, the only Republican ever elected to the House 
 from this county. He was one of the first three Abolition- 
 ists of hts county, and from the earliest days of the anti- 
 slavery cause was one of its most ardent and fearless sup- 
 porters. He has always taken an active part in the political 
 movements of the day, and is widely recognized as a valu- 
 able ally by those to whom he offers the assistance of his 
 sterling abilities. F'rom the fall of 1861 to the spring of 
 1863 he served in the PInited States army as Chaplain of 
 the 65th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, commanded by Colonel 
 Harker, who fell at Kenesaw Mountain, in the division 
 commanded by General Wood. Colonel Harker was a 
 Brigadier-General when he fell. Mr. Burns has probably 
 held more public debates on religious topics than any other 
 living preacher in the West, and to the support of his 
 views and arguments brings a formidable store of natural 
 talents and masses of knowledge bearing directly and 
 heavily upon the points held under consideration. He has 
 preached for forty years, and travelled and preached in 
 twenty-four States of the Union. He now resides at 
 Chagrine F'alls, Cuyahoga county, Ohio. 
 
 ^ ARGENT, EDWARD, retired Publisher, was born 
 ' in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 2d, 1820. 
 His father was Rev. Dr. Thomas Sargent, of 
 Frederick county, Maryland. In 1832 he came 
 with his father’s family to Cincinnati, where 
 he has since resided. In 1833 his father died, 
 and at that early age he was compelled to begin the busi- 
 ness of life for himself. This he did by entering the 
 Methodist ■ Book Concern as a clerk. Here and in the 
 employ of Mann & Clark, wholesale grocers, he remained 
 until 1841. From 1841 to 1845 engaged in river com- 
 merce, as clerk and part owner of the steamer “ Queen of 
 the West.” This boat operated on the Ohio and Missis- 
 sippi, running from Cincinnati to New Orleans. This 
 adventure not proving altogether satisfactory, and a new 
 field offering, he entered the book publishing house of W. 
 B. Smith & Co. This firm was then, in a small way, pub- 
 lishing “ Ray’s Arithmetics ” and “ McGuffey’s Readers.” 
 After seventeen years’ connection with this house it was 
 dissolved, in 1862, and succeeded by that of Sargent, 
 Wilson & Hinkle. By reason of impaired health Mr. 
 Sargent retired from this house and active business to his 
 home at East Walnut Hills in 1868. The house of Sar- 
 gent, Wilson & Hinkle became the largest and most suc- 
 cessful school-book publishing establishment in the world ; 
 and, although the world has been scarcely cognizant of the 
 
inOGRAPIIICAL ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 73 
 
 fact, it has for years been quietly but certainly exerting a 
 widespread influence for untold good on the educational 
 interests of the country. The “ Eclectic Educational 
 Series,” so well known as the class-books of the public 
 schools of the country, engaged for years almost their entire 
 attention. One million o^ these books were annually put 
 in the schools over the country; and the greatest care was 
 constantly exerted in selecting and adding to this series, 
 from time to time, works of the greatest intrinsic worth. 
 Iso school publicationS"on the globe have gained such unpre- 
 cedented popularity as those of this house, and no gentlemen 
 in our business history more deservedly rank as benefactors 
 of the youth of the land than the members of this vast 
 establishment. Since retiring from active business Mr. 
 Sargent has given his attention more to the amelioration of 
 the condition of some for whom society must provide. lie 
 is an active worker in his church, and has so followed the 
 great Pattern in his life as to deserve most eminently a 
 ])lace with those who have made the world better by their 
 life in it. He commenced business with little of the ad- ^ 
 vantage of the schools of which he became one of the most 
 extensive and successful builders and p.atrons. During his 
 long connection with the school-book interest he acquired a 
 fine English education, and may certainly be justly placed 
 arrjong the self-educated architects of their own fortunes. 
 In October, 1845, married to Mary Smith, daughter 
 
 of Christopher Smith, well known among the old citizens 
 of Cincinnati. lie has three children and two grand- 
 children. 
 
 OTII, MORITZ, Merchant and Author, was born 
 of Hebrew parents, at Milotiz, in the province of 
 Moravia, Austria, December 29th, 1832. He is the 
 twelfth son in a family of twenty-two children, born 
 of one father and mother. He received elementary 
 instruction in the German, Hebrew and Bohemian 
 languages, showing remarkable aptitude in their acquire- 
 ment; but his father died when he was nine years of age, 
 and he was soon after thrown upon his own resources. He 
 went to Pesth, the capital of Hungary, in 1842, where his 
 brother Joseph assisted him to a situation in a lace and 
 ribbon establishment. Here he devoted his evenings to a 
 systematic course of study, and laid the foundation of the 
 extensive culture he attained in after life. He served in 
 one of the I.andsturm during the revolution of 1848-49; 
 after the Hungarian defeat, in the latter year, Joseph came 
 to the United States, promising to send Moritz a passage 
 ticket if he met encouraging prospects. Moritz was shortly 
 directed to go to Berlin, where he would find a letter in 
 waiting containing the ticket. He was obliged to travel 
 from Pesth to Berlin without a passport, but his recom- 
 mendations from the Republican Revolutionary Club at 
 Pesth secured him friends, and, though he accomplisherl 
 his hazardous journey in safety, he failed to find the passage 
 10 
 
 ticket in the post-office. After weeks of waiting he went to 
 Hamburg, hoping to be able to work his passage in some 
 vessel. He found the Austrian army at Hamburg, watching 
 the Schleswig-Holstein complications, and a passport de- 
 manded of every stranger; but he obtained lodgings at the 
 house of a member of the Revolutionary Club of Hamburg. 
 In 1851 Kossuth sent an agent to Hamburg with despatches 
 and instructions to induce the Hungarian soldiers of the 
 Austrian army, who were quartered in a fortress at Schles- 
 wig-Holstein, to revolt and combine with the German 
 patriots for the re-establishment of their lost liberties. The 
 agent, being quartered at the same house with Moritz, was 
 accompanied by the landlord in his dangerous task of ex- 
 citing the soldiery to mutiny. They were betrayed by some 
 loyal soldiers to whom they had intrusted their scheme, 
 were seized and put in irons. The house was surrounded 
 by the Austrian soldiers and the keys of every drawer de- 
 manded ; but the hostess fainted from terror, and the duty 
 of answering the officer devolved upon Moritz, who was 
 then a youth of eighteen. The carpet-bag containing the 
 papers had been placed under a bed, and the youth, com- 
 prehending the situation, determined to outwit the soldiery. 
 As the captain ripped open jiillows and beds with his 
 sword, Moritz threw the feathers over the bag and thus 
 saved it. This failure to secure such important papers 
 caused great rejoicing among the Revolutionary Club of 
 Hamburg, who delegated Moritz Loth to convey these 
 papers to Kossuth, who was still in London. He accepted 
 the perilous mission, and was, by the aid of a small boat at 
 midnight, placed on board a steamer bound for London 
 whose captain was a member of the club. He, with his 
 despatches, was stowed among the water-casks, where he 
 remained two long and dreary days, on account of foggy 
 weather, which prevented departure and entailed anxiety 
 upon the messenger. After the steamer had passed the last 
 lighthouse the captain ventured to take him into his cabin. 
 Having arrived in London a day after the departure of 
 Kossuth, he delivered his papers to Baron Kemeny, Presi- 
 dent of the Hungarian Revolutionary Club in London. 
 The latter expressed his pleasure and gratitude, and offered 
 him pecuniary reward, which was declined ; but he re- 
 quested the baron to procure him a passage to the United 
 States. The baron's death, a few weeks later, blasted his hopes 
 and he sought and found employment at a caji factory near 
 Regent street, where he remained until the coup d' ctat of 
 Napoleon, in December, 1851. He resolved to join the 
 revolutionary party at Paris, but the news of the overthrow 
 of the republic by Napoleon caused him to abandon the 
 design, and he shortly after accepted the offer of Lord 
 Dudley .Stuart, who, in behalf of Najioleon and the Em- 
 peror of Austria, gave free passage and four jxnmds in 
 money to all revolutionary republicans who would emigrate 
 to the United States. He landed in* New ^'ork in May, 
 1852, and proceeded immediately to Hartford, Connecticut, 
 where he found his brother doing a flourishing dry-goods 
 
74 
 
 BIOGRAFIIICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 business, and ascertained that the passage-ticket had been 
 sent according to promise, and after a long time returned 
 marked “ Cannot be found.” Joseph offered him a clerk- 
 ship, but he resolved to be his own master, and commenced 
 peddling notions on his own account with the fraction of 
 the memorable four pounds, and so successful was he that 
 in 1853 he opened a dry-goods store at Hartford, which 
 was continued with marked success for four years, lie 
 then relinquished the dry-goods business and purchased . a 
 patent-right on a spring gun for ^tiooo, which he also 
 patented in Russia, and for which he was offered ^40,000 
 l)y a joint stock company; but he believed there was a 
 greater fortune in it, and devoted two years of arduous 
 laltor, beside an e.xpenditure of $7700, to find it in the end 
 a complete failure. Ilis capital being thus reduced to 
 S1300, he removed to Cincinnati in 1859 and engaged in 
 the wholesale notion business at his jiresent location, 121 
 Main street. Here his perception, promptness and system j 
 won immediate recognition in business circles, and he now 1 
 rinks as one of the most thorough business men of the [ 
 Queen City. At the outbreak of the war, in 1861, he j 
 opened a branch house at Louisville, Kentucky, under the j 
 firm-name of M. Loth & Co., and the annual sales of the 1 
 two houses soon reached the sum of $1,000,000. At the j 
 close of the war he sold his interest in the Louisville house 1 
 and commenced also to draw in his own extensive trade at ! 
 Cincinnati. This policy saved him from the serious loss [ 
 from the rapid and continued decline in goods which fob [ 
 lowed, and enabled him to give his attention to real es'ate ( 
 transactions; and streets which were heretofore considered 
 unavailable for dwelling and building purposes were, 
 through his sagacity and energy, made the most desirable 
 in the city, and he erected a large number of model dwell- 
 ings for families of limited means, giving each family one 
 floor, with all the modern improvements, for its own use. j 
 Apart from business he has devoted considerable attention | 
 to literature, and wields the pen with no ordinary talent, i 
 He has been a liberal contributor to the huielite under the , 
 noni de plume of “ Milotiz,” ami also wrote for it the tale j 
 entitled “The Miser’s Fate.” He is also the author of ! 
 “Our Prospects: A Tale of Real Life,” a work of 377; 
 pages, published by Robert Clarke & Co., of Cincinnati, in ; 
 which he vividly portrays the misfortunes that befell a 
 family through the thoughtless extravagance of the wife and 
 daughters. This was followed by “ The Forgiving Kiss; 
 or. Our Destiny,” published by George W. Carleton & Co., 
 of New York city. It is a work of even greater merit than 
 the preceding, and has reached the second edition, which 
 is having a large sale in Europe as well as in America. 
 Though systematically devoted to his mercantile and real 
 estate interests, and a diligent student, he possesses social 
 qualifications that render him an admirable companion, and 
 an unassuming liberality has won for him fitting esteem. 
 He was, in 1872, honored by a unanimous election to the 
 presidency of the congregation at the Plum .Street Temple, I 
 
 and continues to fill that office with great dignity and 
 ability. He is also President of the Union of American 
 Hebrew Congregations, of which he was one of the origin- 
 ators; was President of the first Hebrew Congregational 
 Convention held in Cincinnati, 1S73; President of ihe first 
 Council of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, 
 held at Cleveland, July, 1S74. He was one of the origin- 
 ators of the Hebrew Union College, established at Cin- 
 cinnati, and free to all students without regard to race 
 or creed. He was married, Februa'iy 5th, i860, to F'red- 
 ericka Wilhartz, of New York city, and this union is 
 blessed by a family of seven interesting childr 
 
 HCPl, RIIESE E., ex- Brigadier-General of the 
 Ohio State Militia, was born at Oak Thorjie, in 
 Derbyshire, England, August I2lh, 1 795. His 
 father with his family landed at Baltimore, Mary- 
 land, August 30th, iSoi, and'after a residence in 
 that city of five years removed to Cincinnati, 
 where he lived until his death, November 19th, 1S21. His 
 education was limited in degree and kind, but he had been 
 early accustomed to labor, and the lack of school training 
 was more than balanced by his natural powers of observa- 
 tion and discrimination. In the peculiar abilities demanded 
 by pioneer life, and by the requirements and exigencies of 
 a frontier home, he was excelled by none; u ith his keen- 
 edged axe he would enter the wilderness of trees, and from 
 sunrise to sunset cut, split and stack from the stump three 
 full cords of wood. He also manufactured millions of 
 bricks to be used in building the houses of Cincinnati. At 
 the age of twenty-six he found his father’s estate was insol- 
 vent ; at the age of thirty-four he could point to it cleared, 
 by his exertions, from every incumbrance. He acted at one 
 time as Brigadier-General of the Ohio State Militia, and for 
 many years was prominent and influential as a zealous up- 
 holder of anti-slavery principles and measures. He is now 
 free from business relations, and widely known as one of 
 the most useful and benevolent men of Cincinnati; he re- 
 sides in a superb mansion on Price’s Hill. While in his 
 thirtieth year he was married to Sarah Matson, daughter 
 of Judge Matson. 
 
 HELLABARGER, HON. SAMUEL, I.awyer, ex- 
 Member of Congress, ex-United .States Minister 
 Resident to Portugal, etc., was born in Clark 
 county, Ohio, December loth, 1817. His father, 
 Samuel Shellabarger, a farmer, was a native of 
 Lycoming county, Pennsylvania. His mother, 
 Bethany (McCurdy) Shellabarger, was born near New 
 Brunswick, New Jersey. His father’s family was of Ger- 
 man-Swiss extraction. Martin Shell.abargcr, the founder 
 
BIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 75 
 
 of the family in America, who emigrated from Switzerland 
 to this country in the early part of the eighteenth century, - 
 was a descendant of Henry Shellabarger (German — Schol- , 
 lenhergerj who lived in the Canton of Uii, at the date of 
 the battle at “ Rutli Meadow,” in 1307. Samuel graduated 
 at Miami University, with the class of 1S41, and subse- 
 quently studied law under the instruction of Hon. Samson 
 Mason. Pie was admitted to the bar in 1846, and in 1847 
 entered on the practice of his profession in Miami county. 
 In 1848, however, he returned to Springfield, where he has 
 since resided, more or less regularly engaged in professional 
 l.abors u[) to 1874. Pie is now engaged in his profession in 
 Washington, District of Columbia. In 1852 he was elected 
 to the Ohio Legislature on the Whig ticket, and served in 
 the first Legislature under the present Constitution. In 
 l86o he was elected, as a Republican, to the Thirty-seventh 
 Congress; in 1864 was elected, as a Republican, to the 
 Thirty-ninth Congress; and in 1866 was elected, as a Re- 
 pulilican, to the P'ortieth Congress. In 1869 he was sent, 
 as United States Minister Resident, to Portugal, but resigned 
 that position in the following December. In 1870 he was 
 elected to the Lorty-second Congress, ’and served through 
 that Congress. In this Congress he was Chairman of the 
 Committee on Commerce, and of the Select Committee on 
 Southern .\ffairs, and reported from this committee the bill 
 known as “the Ku-Klux Bill,” which, under his manage- 
 ment, became a law. During the Thirty-ninth and Lortieth 
 Congresses, he was a member of the Elections Committee, 
 and was author of and mover of important parts of the first 
 Reconstruction Act. In 1873 appointeil by the J 
 
 President a member of “ the Civil Service Commission.” 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 C ^c. , 
 
 OTTGN, JOHN, M. D., Judge, was born in Ply- 
 mouth, Massachusetts, in September, 1792. His 
 fath T, Rev. Josiah Cotton, was a graduate of Yale 
 College, and was educated for the ministry. After 
 presiding temporarily over a church in Wareharn, 
 he abandoned the desk, and was appointed Clerk 
 of the Courts in Plymouth county, which post he filled for 
 many years. He was a descendant of Rev. John Cotton, 
 one of the early ministers of Boston, whose name he bore, 
 and from whom he inherited many intellectual and moral 
 characteristics. His mother, Rachel (Barnes) Cotton, was 
 a daughter of Rev. ’David Barnes, of .Scituate. His boy- 
 hood was passed in the town of Plymouth, Massachusetts, 
 where he attended the common schools. He was noted for his 
 mild and gentle trisposition, his retiring habits, and a greater 
 fondness for study than for the rude sports which commonly 
 occupy the time and thoughts of school boys. His prepara- 
 tions for college were completed at the academy in Sand- 
 wich, and entering Cambridge College at the early age of 
 f)urteen, he graduated from that institution in 1810. He 
 then became the preceptor of an academy in Larmingham, 
 
 and, while thus occiqned, began the study of medicine under 
 Dr. John Kittredge, a practitioner of the town. He after- 
 ward attended medical lectures in Boston, and in 1814 took 
 at Cambridge the wished-for degree of M. D. He then en- 
 tered on the practice of his profession at Andover, whence, 
 after a brief sojourn, he removed to Salem. Ifventually he 
 decided to remove to the milder region of the Ohio valley, 
 thinking that a change of climate might be beneficial to his 
 rather delicate constitution, and, in November, 1815, arrived 
 in Marietta, Ohio, with his family. Heat once resumed the 
 practice of medicine on the west side of the Muskingum 
 river, and rapidly acquired an e.xtensive business. In the 
 course of the ensuing year he entered zealously into the 
 enterprise of establishing Sabbath schools, a mode of instruct- 
 ing the young in morality and religion then unknown in the 
 valley of the Ohio, and thenceforu'ard he filled constantly 
 the role of spiritual teacher and guide. In order to acquire 
 the needed ability to explain more fully and clearly some 
 of the obscurer passages of the Old Testament, he took up 
 the study of Hebrew, being then forty years of age, and 
 within a remarkably brief period was able to read in the 
 original tongue the worals of eternal life. In 1824 he was 
 elected to the Legislature, from Washington county, Ohio, 
 and, while serving with this body, labored loyally and effi- 
 ciently for the interests of his constituents. In 1825 he was 
 elected by the Ohio Legislature an Associate Judge of the 
 Court of Common Pleas, to which position he was continu- 
 ally reappointed until the period of his decease. Lor that 
 station he was admir.ably qualified by his calm and well- 
 balanced mind, and by his sound judgment and thorough 
 knowledge of the principles of law, which he had studied 
 with great care, as also the statutes of the State by which he 
 was guided. The varied stores of classical and scientific 
 knowledge garnered in his collegiate course and after life, 
 were often spread before the public in the guise of lectures 
 delivered in the Marietta Lyceum, and also to the scholars 
 in the I'emale Seminary. At the incorporation of the 
 Marietta College, in 1836, he was one of the original trus- 
 tees, and for several years was the presiding officer of the 
 board. Among his other posts of distinction was that of 
 Trustee of the Medical College of Ohio, located at Cincin- 
 nati. Embracing with ardor whatever he deemed would 
 benefit the community or country, he acted also as Chairman 
 of the Whig Central Committee of Washington county, and 
 for several years discharged with notable ability the duties of 
 that vexatious post. As a medical practitioner he stood de- 
 servedly high among his brethren, and was often called in 
 council in serious and peculiar cases, not only in Marietta, 
 but also in adjacent towns, and was a skilful operator in 
 surgery, as well as a successful manager of cases requiring 
 simply medical treatment. He was married in August, 
 1815, to Susan Buckminster, of fi'anningham, Massachusetts, 
 whose family was nearly related to Dr. Buckminster, of 
 Portsmouth, and also to the gifted Joseph S. Buckminster, 
 of Bo.ston. His death was sudden and unexpected, and oc- 
 
76 
 
 BIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 
 
 currecl after a Ijrief illness ; but the messenger found him 
 ready, “ watching for the coming of his Lord.” lie died 
 April 2d, 1S47, aged fifty-five years. 
 
 ELCII, JOHN, judge of the Supreme Court of 
 I I belongs pre-eminently in the honorable 
 
 ranks of self-made men. He shared the hard- 
 ships of pioneer life, struggled against ill-health 
 ^ and wrenched success finally out of the hard hand 
 of poverty. He was born in Harrison county, 
 Ohio, on the 28th of October, 1805. The region was then, 
 to a great extent, a wiMerne.ss, and John’s father was one 
 of the earliest pioneers who undertook the task of subduing 
 it and transforming it into a cultivated and productive land. 
 He was a poor man with a large family, consisting of seven 
 sons and four daughters. The child of such a household 
 who would have prosperity, must manifestly work it out for 
 himself. It certainly would not be thrust upon him, no 
 matter how ardent the parental love or how .strong the pa- 
 rental wish to have things better than they are for those who 
 come after. John Welch was one to work out results for 
 himself. He had early set his heart on success, and his 
 purpose never faltered, no matter how discouraging the ob- 
 stacles that presented themselves. He worked with his 
 father upon the family farm until he was eighteen years of 
 age, and during that interval he acquired such education as 
 was to be acquired by attending the country district school 
 during the winter months.' The opportunities were not very 
 great for scholastic attainments. Country schools in the 
 early days did not offer very high or very extended courses 
 of study; and withal, such offers as they did make did not 
 imply that very much of each year should be consumed in 
 study, for farm lalior commences early in the year and con- 
 tinues late. Such opportunities as were offered, however, 
 were made the most of in this case. When he was eighteen 
 years of age John was “ given his time” by his father, and 
 then he began in very serious earnest to obtain the educa- 
 tion he had early determined to procure. He taught school 
 that he might earn money, and then, the money earned, he 
 spent it in the prosecution of liberal studies under the best 
 auspices within his reach. He had entered Franklin Col- 
 lege, Oiiio, and for five years, by this .system of alternate 
 teaching and attendance upon school, he maintained himself 
 in that institution, and in September, 1828, he graduated 
 from the college with honors. He had decided upon the 
 law as his future profession, and in January, 1829, he com- 
 menced his legal studies under Hon. Joseph Dana, of 
 Athens, Ohio. Excessive study and sedentary h abits im- 
 paired his health long before his course of .stiuly had been 
 completed, and for a time it seemed that his cheiished ]Hir- 
 pose of becoming a lawyer must be abandoned. His physi,- 
 cian assured him that the surest means of restoring his broken 
 health was to resume the active and laborious habits of his 
 
 early life. He determined to act at once upon this assur- 
 ance, and accordingly he engaged in attending a saw and 
 grist-mill. This engagement offered a double advantage. 
 It not only promised to bring back the departed health, but 
 would also reinforce in a very desirable manner the finances 
 of the young student, and they were in need of reinforce- 
 ment. The mill work did not come altogether as an inter- 
 ruption of the legal studies either, and it is .said that the 
 studious mill-hand would “ set the saw and then read Black- 
 stone while it was running through the log.” Be this as it 
 may, he continued his legal studies in connection with his 
 mill work. And so, while he was gaining new health and 
 renewing his store of needful money, he was also drawing 
 nearer to the object of his endeavors. He continued thus 
 to work and study until 1833, and in the meantime he had 
 taken a wife, marrying Martha Starr, daughter of Captain 
 James Starr, formerly of Connecticut, but at this time a resi- 
 dent of Ohio. This marriage took place soon after he en- 
 gaged in the milling business, and on the 3d of June, 1833, 
 when he gave up that business, his family consisted of a wife 
 and two children. With this family he removed to the 
 town of Athens, where he established his residence, and 
 where he has ever since continued to reside. In the month 
 of November of the same year he was admitted to the bar, 
 and at once began the practice of his profession. His prac- 
 tice grew rapidly, and he was soon established as a pros- 
 perous lawyer, with import.ant and laborious work always 
 on his hands. He brought to the practice of his profe.ssion 
 the same ability, diligence, energy and fidelity th.at had 
 marked his preparatory career, and they are qualities which 
 win ready recognition and yield material results. In his 
 case they were recognized and yielded results outside the 
 immediate circle of his profession. In 1845 he was elected 
 a member of the St.ate Senate of Ohio, and served a term 
 of two years in that body. In 1850 he was elected to Con- 
 gress as the successor of Hon. Samuel F. Vinton. During 
 his term the Congressional District from which he was 
 elected was changed, and in consequence of this fact he 
 failed of re-election in 1852. During his sitting in the 
 National Legislature he made two important speeches, one 
 on the Tariff, and the other on the Public Land Question. 
 Both were able, thorough, and marked by the clear sagacity 
 and the str.aightforward honesty that characterize the man. 
 The speech on the Public I.and Question attained the honor 
 ofa jHiblication in full in the columns of the A'aiional Jn- 
 telligcnrcr of Washington. In the yestr 1S52 he served as a 
 Delegate in the Baltimore Convention which nominated 
 General Winfield Scott for President of the United States, 
 and in 1S56 he was a member of the Pllectoral College 
 which cast the vote of Ohio for John C. Fremont. In 1862 
 he was called from the liar to the bench. In February of 
 that year he was elected Judge of the Court of Common 
 Pleas. He sat U|)on the bench of the Common Pleas Court 
 until February, 1865, when he was appointed Judge of the 
 Supreme Court, vice Hon. Rufus P. Ranney, resigned. He 
 

 
 
 
 'H. - ■ 
 
 
 1 
 
 / 
 
 liSRit t! . 
 
 A J 
 
■Eng fly &E Per'®® 
 
RIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 77 
 
 has remained upon the Supreme bench ever since, having 
 been re-elected to the position three limes. His present 
 term will e.xpire in Eebruary, 1878. Soon after his election 
 as Judge of the Supreme Court, his Alma Mater, Eranklin 
 College, conferred upon him the honorary degree of LL. D. 
 He announces the purpose of retiring from public and offi- 
 cial life at the expiration of his present term as judge, and 
 if faithful labor, well performed, earns the privilege of rest, 
 it h:s surely earned it in his case. 
 
 (OERLEIN, CHRISTIAN, Manufacturer of Lager 
 Beer, was born in Truppach, Bavaria, May 13th, 
 1818, and is the son of Conrad Moerlein. After 
 attending the village school until he had attained 
 his thirteenth year, he learned the trade of black- 
 smithing, and engaged in firming with his father. 
 His uncle being a brewer, he obtained a knowledge of the 
 brewing business, which proved ultimately to be of great 
 .service to him. At eighteen years of age he began life on 
 his own resources as a bkacksmith, and during the succeed- 
 ing five years worked in that capacity foi a Prussian dollar 
 per week. Later, with a hundred guilders given him by 
 his father, he started on foot to Bremen, with his tools and 
 knapsack, and after travelling a distance of three hundred 
 miles, reached his destination in safety. On St. John’s day 
 the ship “ Rebecca ” was in port, and advertised to sail 
 within three weeks for America. While awaiting its de- 
 parture he worked at his tr.ide, and thus secured sufficient 
 money to enable him to defray his passage expenses. After 
 a journey of fifty-eight days, he arrived at Baltimore with a 
 
 c.ash capital of twelve dollars, out of which sum he paid 
 eight dollars for a passage by canal and rail to Pittsburgh, 
 Pennsylvania. But failing to secure work in this place, he 
 started on foot for Wheeling, succeeding, however, in find- 
 ing employment at Hendricksburg, Belmont county, Ohio, 
 at seven dollars per month including board, which salary 
 was increased afterward to fi.^teen dollars per month. He 
 landed in Cincinnati in 1842, where he was employed first 
 in digging a cellar at fifty cents per day. In the following 
 October he commenced business for himself on Finley street, 
 and in 1853 sold his blacksmith shop, and formed a co- 
 partnership with .Vdam Dillman, in connection with whom 
 he erected a small brewery. March ist of the same year 
 the partner.i sold their first beer. A. Dillman dying in the 
 ensuing May, he conducted the business alone for one 
 month, and then formed a partnership with Conrad W’in- 
 disch, a competent brewer. In 1855 the manufacture of 
 common beer was abandoned, and that of lager beer ini- 
 tiated. During the winter of this year the product was 
 about 2000 barrels, while, in 1866, 26,500 barrel's were 
 brewed. In September of the latter year he purchased, for 
 the sum of 8130,000, the entire interests of his partner, and 
 two years afterward erected the main building of his present 
 
 works. To the nine cellars then constructed, with a capac- 
 ity of 9000 barrels, he has added four additional ones w hich, 
 with the main structure, give a total capacity of 150,000 
 barrels. The building is 225 feet by 1 10, and four stories 
 in height. In 1872 ten other cellars were built, with a 
 capacity of 1000 barrels each, making a total capacity of 
 
 35.000 barrels. He has floor room for 125,000 bushels of 
 barley, and his cooperage is done on the premises. He em- 
 ploys constantly a force of from 80 to 100 men, while from 
 35 to 50 horses are required to do the hauling for the estab- 
 lishment. In 1864 he erected three large houses on the 
 corner of Fifteenth and Elm streets, under which he built 
 two cellars capable of storing about 3000 barrels of beer. 
 From 1866, when his sales amounted to about 25,000 barrels, 
 down to the present time, his annual increase has been about 
 
 19.000 barrels. The sales of 1872 amounted to over 40,000 
 barrels ; tbe sales of the current year amount to over 70,000 
 barrels. His extraordinary success is due mainly to inflex- 
 ible integrity, unusual financial abilities, and a thorough 
 knowledge of all the details connected with his vast business. 
 His superb mansion, 16S Mulberry street, Cincinnati, is one 
 of the noted ornaments of the city. In 1873 he was elected 
 one of the Trustees of the Water Works. July 4lh, 1873, 
 the first building, insured as a malt house, fell from the 
 weight of grain, over 20,000 bushels of malt being stored 
 there. A new one was then immediately erected, at a cost 
 of over 880,000, with a capacity of loo,oco bushels. He 
 was manied in 1843 to Sophia Adam, formerly of Strausburg, 
 France, who died during the cholera season of 1849, leaving 
 three children, one of whom died in the same year, and 
 another in 1853. John Moerlein, the surviving child, is now 
 engaged in business with his father. He was again married, 
 in the fall of 1849, to Barbara Ochalso, a native of Bavaria, 
 by whom he has had nine children, seven of whom are now 
 living. George Moerlein and Jacob Moerlein, by his second 
 wife, and John, by his first wife, are now engaged in busi- 
 ness with him. 
 
 ^GGLESTON, HON. BENJAMIN, Merchant, Leg- 
 islator and Newspaper Broprietor, was born at 
 Corinth, Saratoga county. New York, January 3d, 
 1816. He grew up and was educated in that 
 historic locality, but in 1831 his parents removed 
 to Hocking county, Ohio, where he engaged in 
 commercial pursuits, and was connected for some years with 
 the business of the Ohio Canal, then the sole means of 
 transportation from the Ohio river to the great Lakes. He 
 removed to Cincinnati in 1845, and associated with James 
 Wilson, a leading merchant of that city. The firm of James 
 Wilson & Co. continued their successful career until the 
 death of James Wilson in 1867, when he was succeeded by 
 his sons, and the style of the firm was changed to Wilson, 
 Eggleston & Co., which still holds the prestige and reputa- 
 tion it has so lom^ sustained. He has been identified a\'ith 
 
78 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 nearly every measure for the promotion of the public weal, 
 during the twenty -five years of residence in the Queen City, 
 and has been the recipient of unusual marks of esteem from 
 his fellow-citizens. Among other positions of trust and ^ 
 honor, he has been Chairman of the Board of Public Im- | 
 provements, Chairman of the Finance Committee, President 
 of Council, State Senator, and Representative in Congress. , 
 The coal famine of 1857 occurred during his term as Chair- j 
 m.rn of the Finance Committee, and with his usual humanity 
 and energy he proceeded to secure an appropriation of ^ 
 $100,000 to relieve the distressed, whicli he obtained despite 
 the most determined opposition of interested parties, and re- ; 
 duced the price of coal from eighty cents to twenty-five 
 cents per bushel. In 1863 there occurred a repetition of ' 
 this circumstance, and again our subject became the cham- 
 ]Mon of the oppressed, and secured a like appropriation, ! 
 thus averting the threatened calamity. Again during the j 
 prostration of all branches of industry incident to the out- 
 break of the war of rebellion, when the families of men 
 who had gone forth in response to their country’s call 
 were left dependent upon those who remained at home, he 
 devoted himself assiduously to the succor of these women 
 and hapless innocents from their impending peril, and hav- 
 ing secured an appropriation of $100,000 from Council, he 
 was privileged to disburse to some 3700 families the means 
 to preserve them from actual want until employment could 
 be obtained. During his official term in the Senate, a bill 
 was presented in January, 1S62, levying a tax of three- 
 quarters of a mill for the relief of the families of Ohio vol- 
 unteers. Opposition was made, and in the warm discussion 
 which followed he took a leading part, and urged its pas- 
 sage in his usual elociuent and forcible style, winning high 
 encomiums from the loyal press for his unflinching patriot- 
 ism. It was due to his efforts, too, that the Legislature 
 ceded to Cincinnati that portion of the canal extending from 
 Broadway to the Ohio river, and City Council appropriately 
 recognized this service by unanimously naming it Eggleston 
 avenue, in accordance with a suggestion coming from the 
 Legislature. In 1864 his name was brought before the 
 Republican Convention of the First District for the Congres- 
 sional nomination, as the competitor of the late Hon. Sal- 
 mon P. Chase, and, having been nominated, defeated his 
 Democratic opponent, Hon. George E. Pugh, by over 3000 
 majority, though the district had been consiilered Demo- 
 cratic. Being unanimously renominated in 1866, he was 
 triumphantly re elected over Hon. George 11 . Pendleton. 
 His career in Congress was characterized by the same fear- 
 less ability which he had exhibited in the discharge of his 
 other official duties. He drew and obtained the passage of 
 the bill making Cincinnati a p n t of entry, and secured the 
 first national appropriation for the enlargement of the Louis- 
 ville Canal. During the impeachment of Andrew Johnson 
 he stood firmly by his conviction of right and justice, and 
 throughout his career was the arduous su|)porterof measures 
 to secure the back pay of soldiers and the pensions of the 
 
 widows and orphans of those who had sacrificed their lives 
 for the preservation of the Union. He was renominated 
 by the Republicans in 1868, and though his Democratic op- 
 ponent, Gen. Peter \V. Strader, bore off the palm of victory, 
 he did not cease his efforts for the iiromotion of the interests 
 of his former constituency, and by his influence at Wa.shing- 
 ton prevented the obstruction of navigation on the Ohio by 
 the erection of a low bridge, the company being required to 
 build it one hundred feet above low water mark. He was 
 largely interested in the Cincinnati LIuonicle, previous to its 
 purchase of the Cincinnati Times in 1872, and consequently 
 became a heavy stockholder in the Times Company, of 
 which he was elected President on its organization. He 
 was re-elected to the Board of Councihnen in 1S75, and is 
 one of the most active members of the Chamber of Com- 
 merce, being one of its representatives to the National Board 
 of Trade. He is still engaged in active business, where his 
 sterling worth and integrity have won for him the un(|uali- 
 fieil esteem of his business associates. His intercourse with 
 his fellow-men is characterized by that frank and generous 
 manner that leaves no doubt in the minds of any as to his 
 re.il feeling.; and motives. He was married in 1837 to L. 
 M. Wagar, of Cleveland, Ohio, who deceased in 1S64, 
 leaving him two children. In April, 1867, he married Mary 
 E., daughter of the late John 11 . Davis, of Cincinnati, and 
 this union has been sealed by the birth of four children. 
 
 A.SE, HON. OAKLEY, Lawyer, ex-Judge, Jour- 
 nalist, Representative in the Sixtieth and Sixty- 
 first General Assemblies of Ohio, now Chief Clerk 
 in the Ohio Department of State, was born in 
 Hartford, Hartford county, Connecticut, Tunc 29th, 
 1824. He is the .son of Amlrrose Case and Esther 
 (Chapman) Case. He was educated preliminarily in the 
 common schools of his native county; also, fora term, in the 
 Granville College and the Ohio University, at Athens,, his 
 parents having removed with him to this State in 1840, set- 
 tling in Hocking county. On the completion of his course 
 of studies, he found employment in the printing-office of the 
 Hocking Sentinel. In 1845 he became the owner by pur- 
 chase of this journal, and during the following thirteen 
 years was its publisher and editor. The Sentinel was con- 
 ducted as a weekly paper, and was Democratic in its politics. 
 In i860 he was elected Probate Judge of Hocking county, 
 and served in that capacity for six years, two terms. In 
 l 856 , having read law while holding the Probate Judgeshi|>, 
 he was admitted to the bar, and at once entered on the prac- 
 tice of his jirofession in Hocking county. During 1868 and 
 1869 he officiated as Mayor of Logan, the county-seat, and 
 in 1871 was elected to the House on the Democratic ticket, 
 and in 1873 re-elected to the same position. In the 
 following year he resigned his seat in the House in order to 
 accept the office of Chief Clerk of the Ohio Department of 
 
lUOGRAPIIICAL EN'CYCLOREDIA. 
 
 79 
 
 State, whose attendant duties he performs with unexception- 
 able ability. He was married, January 21st, 1S45, to Mar- 
 garet A. James, of Hocking county, Ohio, by whom he has 
 had eight children, five of whom are now living. 
 
 ORCHARD, HON. MATHEW, Judge of the Su- 
 preme Court of Ohio, President Judge of the Court 
 of Common Pleas of the Third Circuit under the 
 old Ohio Constitution, and Solicitor of the United 
 States Treasury and of the General Land Office 
 at Washington, District of Columbia, was born in 
 Peckct, Massachusetts, January 19th, 1804. His parents 
 were Nathan and Mercy (.Ashley) Pirchard, and he was the 
 seventh of ten children born to them. The family is of 
 English extraction, the founder of the line in America, 
 Thomas Birchard, having arrived in Boston from London, 
 September 19th, 1635, with his wife and six children. His 
 only son, John, became one of thirty-five proprietors of a 
 tract of eighty-one square miles of Indian lands in Connect- 
 icut, embracing the county of New London and the towns 
 of Norwich and Saybrook. Pie left a numerous progeny, 
 through whom the name became widely extended. A large 
 number of his descendants are now residents of Ohio. Judge 
 
 Birchard’s parents removed to the Western Reserve in 1812, 
 and settled in Portage county, where his father became one 
 of the original proprietors of Windham township. Judge 
 Birchard was educated in the common schools of that early 
 period, and for a few terms in academies at Boston and 
 Warren. He studied medicine for a short time, but finally 
 discarded it, and at the age of twenty commenced to read 
 law under the direction of General Roswell .Stone, of 
 Warren. During this preparation for the bar he taught 
 school during the winter seasons. In 1828 he was admitted 
 to the bar, and at once entered upon practice with David 
 Tod, afterwards Governor of the State, but at that time a 
 young lawyer with distinction yet to be earned. In 1832 
 Mr. Birch.\rd was elevated to the Common Pleas bench, 
 and in 1836 received the appointment of .Solicitor for the 
 General Land Office of the United .States at Washington, 
 and for five years filled this responsible station. During the 
 latter portion of this term he was honored with the additional 
 appointment of Solicitor for the United States Treasury, to 
 succeed Henry D. Gilpin. In 1841 he returned to War- 
 ren and resumed the practice of his profession with his old 
 |)aitner, Mr. Tod, but in the following winter he was elected 
 to the bench of the Supreme Court of f)hio. Though pos- 
 sessing qualities to adorn public life. Judge Birchard has 
 seldom been before the people for office. While absent 
 from home in 1856 he was nominated by his party as a can- 
 didate for Congress against Jo.shua R. Giddings. Though 
 defeated. Judge Birchard, who had been a life-long Demo- 
 crat, succeeded in a strong Whig district in greatly reduc- 
 ing the majority of his popular and celebrated opponent be- 
 
 low the usual average given to the Whig tickets. Under 
 similar circumstances he was nominated for the Ohio As- 
 sembly, and in this smaller field his personal popularity 
 secured his election against overwhelming odds. He is 
 generally recognized as a man of liberal and progressive 
 ideas, and his influence and support has been given to every 
 enterprise aiming to i.nprove the public welfare. Lor many 
 years he was Chief Solicitor, and subsequently a Director, 
 of the Atlantic & Great Western Railroad Company. In 
 1867 he purchased the ITarm! Cons/i/ii/ion, a. jomnal whi.di 
 he has, in connection with his only son, since conducted. 
 In 1S41 he married Jane Elizabeth Weaver, of I’rincc Wil- 
 liams county, Virginia, daughter of Captain William A. 
 Weaver of the United States navy. Seven children were 
 born to them, only two of whom survive ; Jane, the daughter, 
 is the wife of Lrank 11 . Mason, editor of the Ckvcland 
 Leader. William A., (he son, is associated with his father 
 in the management of the Warren Constilutiim. He served 
 two years and a half as Master’s Mate anel Ensign in the 
 United States navy under Admiral Porter. 
 
 ■’^'^'OLLIN, ADAM G., Lawyer, ex-Mayor of ki]dey, 
 Ohio, was born in Ripley, Brown county, Ohio, 
 October loth, 1834. He is the son of Thomas 
 W. Collin anti Sarah G. Collin. His grandfather, 
 Nathaniel Collin, was one of the earlier pioneers 
 and settlers of Cfiiio. His father was one of seven 
 who voted the Abolition ticket in Brown county in i8qo, 
 and his house was for many years the principal depot of the 
 “ under-ground railway,” and once there the fugitive Was in 
 safe (.piarters. There the lacerated and fealing slave was 
 sheltered and nurtured ; and thence on a favorable occasion 
 was transferred swiftly and silently to the Canadian border. 
 His mother was a daughter of Rev. James Gilliland, an early 
 settler, and one of the first Presbyterian ministers, having 
 settled at Red Oak, Brown county, in 1805. His earlier 
 education was obtained in the common schools located in 
 the vicinity of his home. On the completion of his allotted 
 course of studies he was placed to learn the carpentering 
 trade, but after working at it for several years, when en- 
 deavoring to save a neighbor’s house while a prey to the 
 flames, fell from its roof and received a severe sprain in the 
 back, which compelled him ultimately to turn his attention 
 to another avenue of labor. Being endowed naturally with 
 considerable oratorical jioAvers, his friends induced him to 
 enter the political arena, and, after filling various minor 
 municipal offices, he received in 1861 the aiipointment of 
 Deputy United States Marshal for the Southern District of 
 Ohio. The occupation of this position drew down tqion 
 him the bitterest denunciations of the Democratic press, and 
 thus he was brought more prominently before the public, 
 particularly in the Sixth Congressional District. He steadily 
 refrained from making any arrests for disloyalty except 
 
8o 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 throu<Th the orders of his superior officers, and on account 
 of refusing to act without the sanction of such authority was 
 often denounced by those who would not or could not recog- 
 nize the fact, that for any illegal arrest made he was liable to 
 suits for heavy damages. One arrest made, moreover, un- 
 der an order issued by E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War, 
 involved him in a suit which cost him several hundreds of 
 dollars. And on this occasion those impetuous Unionists 
 who had been foremost in urging him to a harsh exercise of 
 his authority then stood aloof from him and refused to sanc- 
 tion publicly his course. That case occupied the attention 
 of tlie Court of Common Pleas, of the District Court and of 
 the United States Court for about seven years ; and the suit 
 was only abandoned on account of the inability of the at- 
 torneys for the prosecution to secure from their client the 
 reipiired fee. He afterward acted in the capacity of Dep- 
 uty Provost Marshal of the Sixth Congressional District of 
 Ohio, where his heretofore political opponents became his 
 personal enemies, and, residing at the time in Brown county, 
 a place not then more loyal than South Carolina or Alabama, 
 he had many narrow escapes from death. On one occasion 
 an order was received to arrest a certain deserter hiding in 
 the woods near Arnheim and New Hope. The fellow it 
 was known was constantly armed with a .short rifle, and was 
 one of the marauders who infested the underbrush of the 
 neighborhood. After much trouble — for the citizens in 
 general constituted a regularly organized company, avow- 
 edly formed for the purpose of resisting the draft and de- 
 fending all deserters — he succeeded, with his two guards, in 
 tracking the deserter to the house of a noted desperado, 
 living in a wild and uninhabited .spot. Here he was con- 
 fronted by three men, two of whom were armed; the other, 
 however, returned hastily to the log shanty and ran for his 
 rifle. This was the one “ wanted ; ” the Marshal sprang 
 upon him, wrenched away the ascending weapon, and in- 
 stantly was engaged with him in a hand-to-hand combat, 
 the guards during this exciting time restraining the other 
 two scoundrels by keeping a steady aim on them with 
 their revolvers. Finally one of his guards ran to his assist- 
 ance, and before the comrades of the desperado could come 
 to his aid had mastered and handcuffed him. On another 
 occasion he was advised of two deserters who regularly at- 
 tended the drill of the disloyal company referred to, thinking 
 themselves secure with an entire military organization to be- 
 friend them. With his usual guard of two men. Captain J. 
 II. Shaw and J. O. Carr, he set out to capture these men. 
 "When within one mile of the rendezvous they were warned 
 of impending peril, and advised to return. Undaunted, 
 however, they proceeded on their way, and as they entered 
 Arnheim, were met by an armed squad, which was passed 
 in silence. A passing actpiaintance then informed him that 
 one of the deserters was in the company which had entered 
 the woods adjoining the town. Acting at once on the in- 
 formation, he retraced his steps; found the entire company 
 in the woodland, the butts of their guns resting on the 
 
 ground ; placed Shaw on his riglU and Carr in the rear; and 
 finding the man needed at head-quarters, slapped him on 
 the back; forced him to give up his gun, and led him away 
 a prisoner, while his scores of friends looked on in silence, 
 overpowered by the cool daring of the Marshal and his faith- 
 ful guards. The other deserter he was told “ was at a but- 
 ternut picnic, about two miles below Russelville.” Thither 
 he went, found over three hundred persons assembled, coolly 
 arre.sted the second deserter, and before the crow'd thoroughly 
 comprehended proceedings had marched him away to a 
 place of safety. At the conclusion of the war he studied 
 law with G. Bamback, of Ripley, Ohio, and, September 
 30th, 1867, was admitted to practise in Georgetown, Brown 
 county, Ohio. In 1871 he was elected Mayor of the city of 
 Ripley, and while serving in this capacity distinguished him- 
 self by his severe rectitude and inflexible impartiality in all 
 matters connected with his administration. During his 
 Mayoralty he was mobbed at one time by those interested 
 in the liquor traffic, for alleged undue harshness in dealing 
 with their interests ; and the jail was broken open and many 
 prisoners released. At the expiration of his term of office 
 he removed to Cincinnati, and there engaged in the practice 
 of law at No. 6 West Fourth street. He has now an exten- 
 sive practice, and is recognized as a legal practitioner of 
 sterling merits and ability. Politically he was primarily a 
 “ Free-Soiler,” and cast his first vote for .Salmon P. Chase 
 for Governor of Ohio. He then until 1872 voted the Re- 
 publican ticket, since which time he has voted independently, 
 with little or no regard for party principles or partisan issues. 
 
 « TRAIGHT, HON. SEYMOUR, Merchant, Philan- 
 thropist, was born in Charlotte, Chittenden county, 
 Vermont, P'ebruary 4th, 1816. When he was two 
 years of age his parents moved into the wilderness 
 of western New York. Here in later years he 
 worked on the paternal farm, and in the winter • 
 months pursued a course of elementary studies in the neigh- 
 boring log school-house. Dissatisfied with the meagre edu- 
 cation thus acquired, he jtrocured desirable books and ap- 
 plied himself earnestly to the agreeable task of increasing 
 his store of learning. At the completion of his day’s labor 
 on the farm he invariably spent a considerable portion of 
 the night in poring over his books, and was not seldom com- 
 pelled to walk to and fro in his chamber to prevent being 
 overcome by sleep. Thus was laid the foundation of a 
 varied and thorough education, and thus also was strength- 
 ened those peculiar traits of character which were displayed 
 in after life. From western New York his father’s family 
 removed in 1836 to northeastern Ohio. Here, at the age 
 of twenty-one, he became a teacher in the public schools, in 
 which avocation he. was engaged for several years. In July, 
 1845, he moved to Cincinnati and took a thoroi^^h course 
 of business education in Baitlctt’s Commercial College. 
 
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r. I ( )( ; K A I ’ 1 1 1 C A L E AX V C l.( ) r. !•: D I A . 
 
 Si 
 
 After the coniplehon of this course, being unable to obtain | 
 a fair position in a mercantile house, he returned to his 
 former [)rofession of teaching in Amelia, Clermont county, 
 Ohio. While in that school he was befriended by Andrew 
 Coombs, who gave him a jiosition in a store at Cincinnati 
 in which he owned a large interest. After several years’ 
 experience, at low wages, he borrowed a few hundreds of 
 dollars, [uly 1st, 1851, and established himself in the pro- 
 duce commission business. The borrowed money, with the 
 friendshi]) of Western Reserve shippers and the confidence 
 of the Cincinnati business men who knew him, was then his 
 sole capital in trade. Elis rapid success shortly after at- 
 tracted the attention of Judge William S. Deming, who, in 
 October, 1852, became his partner and furnished needed cap- 
 ital. Since that date “ Straight, Deming cc Co.” has been a 
 familiar firm-name throughout this section of the country. 
 At the time of the formation of the partnership Cincinnati 
 had become the great distributing point for cheese for the 
 Western and Southern markets; Judge Deming was then an 
 extensive cheese dealer in Ashtabula county, thus his asso- 
 ciate’s Western Reserve acquaintance became a highly val li- 
 able accessory. Fidelity to the interests of his patrons and 
 strict attention to business soon brought in a large trade, 
 which finally outgrew the capacities of the house; in 1857 
 James McFarlan was admitted as a partner; and in 1S62 
 the business was removed to 44 Vine street, its present lo- 
 cality. During this year A. C. Baldwin also, who had been 
 engaged in the establishment for several years, was admitted 
 into partnership, and the original member went to A’ew Or- 
 leans, Fouisiana, to open there another business house, and 
 also in order to look after the firm’s interests, as large sums of 
 money were then due him and his associates in the Southern 
 States, and the rebellion was assuming ominous aspects. 
 After the occupancy by General Butler of New Orleans, 
 when avenues for trade with the N^orth were opened, he 
 established the house of McFarlan, Straight & Co. Utterly 
 opposed as he was to the doctrines dearest to the .Southern 
 people, he was yet unwilling to identify himself with the 
 so-called Republican leaders in this city, and during his slay 
 there was often placed in peculiar and embarrassing condi- 
 tions, both as a man of business, as a loyal citizen, and as a 
 government official. In August, 1867, he accepted an ap- 
 pointment from General Sheridan as member of the Council 
 of New Orleans, a position which enabled him to benefit 
 materially many important public and private interests. In 
 1 868 he was pressed by the leaders of the Warmouth party to j 
 accept the Mayoralty of the city, but positively declined to 
 accept the office. Twelve y^ears prior to this event he had ' 
 been noted as a radical Republican, and in the exciting j 
 campaign of 1856 had taken an active part in favor of John 
 C. Eremont. Also in l868 he became the nominee of the 
 Republican “ bolters” for Congress, but failed to secure an 
 election. Since that lime he has refrained from taking an 
 active part in the iiolitical movements of the dav, and exer- 
 cises his influence for or against every office-seeker without 
 1 1 
 
 regard to parly. He was an intimate friend of Mr. Chase, 
 anil held frequent correspondence with him concerning the 
 war ])olicy against the South, also as to the |)roblem of free 
 labor on the sugar jilantations of Fouisiana, and the jiressing 
 necessity of educating the freedmen. Ilis political convic- 
 tions were based on religious, humane and conscientious 
 principles ; he was uncompromisingly opposed to slavery and 
 the fugitive slave law; and in the contests before the courts 
 of Ohio, instituted by Kentucky claimants, appeared as one 
 of the boldest and most generous defemlersof the oiipressed. 
 This course earned for him the hatred of the .South, and 
 finally caused many of the .Southern patrons of the house of 
 Straight, Deming & Co. to put an end to their business re- 
 lations with his firm. Not only did these former customers 
 of the house withdraw tlieir patronage, but also on every 
 favorable occasion sought lo destroy the fame and prosperity 
 of the partners. Those hostile proceedings did not, how- 
 ever, dampen his ardor, nor could they obstruct materially 
 the forward movement of his business plans. lie has for 
 several years past been withdrawn from active participancy 
 in the business of the house, the man.agement of the Cin- 
 cinnati establishment being now wholly in the hands of Mc- 
 E'arlan and Baldwin, men of enviable business and social 
 reputation, who have aided materially in establishing the 
 high standard of the house. In 1S67, with his son, W. B. 
 Straight, he built two cheese factories at Hudson, Ohio, a 
 fine town in the Western Reserve, and yearly continued to 
 buy or build new factories until father and son together now 
 own and operate about a dozen cheese factories, all within 
 a few miles of Hudson. The cheeses made by this firm are 
 sold “from Maine to Texas,” literally; but mostly in the 
 Southern and Western States after the fall tr.ade opens. In 
 all movements of an educational, benevolent and moral 
 character he has been throughout his life an energetic and 
 efficient leader or co-laborer. His appointment to a place 
 in the City Council of New Orleans was due to .Sheridan’s 
 laudable desire to oust from office disloyal and unscrupulous 
 politicians, and put in their places men of known probity 
 and courage; and while serving in this body he contributed 
 in no small measure to the safety of the well-disposed 
 citizens. His appointment in 1868 by the President of the 
 Chamber of Commerce as one of a committee to visit the 
 cities of the valley and the great lakes was productive of 
 much good ; that committee was formed with a view also to 
 investigate the improvements of the said cities, also their 
 commercial interests, the results of which investigations were 
 to be reported to the chamber. In New Orleans in 1869 a 
 body consisting of pnlilic-spirited men of broad cducalioiml 
 views was incorporated, under the provisions irf the I.ouis- 
 iana statute, for the jiurpose of educational improvement 
 and reform. The corjiornte name of the institution fostered 
 was, “The .Straight University,” and he was appointed 
 President of its Board of Trustees. “ The purposes of the 
 corporation are the education and training of young men 
 and women, irrespective of race or color,” and it is under 
 
82 
 
 BIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOIAEIJIA. 
 
 the auspices of the American Missionary Association. To 
 the construction of the line buildings attached to the uni- 
 versity the h'reedmen’s Bureau contributed material aid ; 
 but he in honor of whom it was named stands foremost as 
 giver and helper. In 1S72 he was elected a member of 
 the Board of Trustees of Lelund University, an educational 
 institution which cherishes the same views as those espoused 
 by Straight, Atlanta and Eisk Universities; is under the 
 auspices of the Baptist Association, and takes its name from 
 a famous Baptist family. In the same year he w.as made 
 one of the administrators of the Hathaway House of New 
 Orleans, an institution designed as a home for indigent 
 colored people, and founded and endowed by Elisha Hath- 
 aw.ay, a New England philanthropist. In 1872 also he was 
 appointed by the National Committee for the United States 
 a member of the International Penitentiary Congress, to 
 assemble in London, England. This committee, composed 
 of the most liberal-minded, capable and humane men of 
 different nations, was assembled for the purpose of inaugu- 
 rating prison reforms, etc. That appointment, however, he 
 was compelled to decline, and through his request E. C. 
 Palmer, of New Orleans, was appointed in his place to rep- 
 resent Louisiana in the Congress. In 1874 he was ap- 
 ])ointed by the Governor of Louisiana a member of the 
 Board of Control of the Agricultural and Mechanical Col- 
 lege of that State; and in 1875 received a second commis- 
 sion, confirmed by the .State Senate, making him a member 
 of the same body. He now has a business office in New 
 Orleans, and lives there during one-half of each year. In 
 this city he is an esteemed memher .and officer of Coliseum 
 Place Baptist Church, the largest and finest church of the 
 denomination in the .Southwest. At the present time he 
 possesses a considerable fortune, but avoids the accumula- 
 tion of great wealth by bestowing all excesses over a com- 
 petent income on benevolent and charitable objects. His 
 record during the war of the rebellion also reflects great 
 credit on him, for although not a soldier in the field he was 
 in really more valuable capacities an indefatig.able worker. 
 He became the support of poor men’s families, paid for sub- 
 stitutes for the disabled, and fed and clothed the destitute 
 sick and wounded. He also sent his only son into the army, 
 and his cherished wife into the hospitals to succor the suf- 
 fering soldiers, paying for delicacies they greatly needed 
 before sanitary supplies were received, and all expenses in- 
 curred by her in travelling, and for bo.ard, etc., while work- 
 ing for months in the sick wards of different hospitals. At 
 the battle of Cheat Mountain, West Virginia, Lieutenant 
 Straight, his son, was wounded, and it was here that Mrs. 
 ■Straight’s war record first began. After heroic labors in 
 this section of the country she returned to Hudson with her 
 son. In 1862 Lieutenant .Straight having returned to the 
 army in the South, she again entered the hospitals at Nash- 
 ville, and afterward proceeded to Huntsville, Alabama, 
 where no Northern women had as yet ventured, and where 
 womanly services were most needed. There she w.as in- 
 
 trusted with the chief management of the Calhoun Hospital, 
 where she remained until rail communications were opened 
 and others came to supply her place. She then returned to 
 Nashville, but did not return to ber home until late in the 
 fall. She is an active member of her church, and at one 
 time was one of the lady managers of the Hathaw.ay House 
 at New Orleans. He has always been a firm friend to the 
 well-disposed of the South, and after the close of the war 
 was successfully instrumental in inducing Congress to re- 
 lieve I.ouisiar.a from the heavy taxation on sugar; while in 
 various other ways, too numerous to mention, he has ably 
 exerted his influence to further the work of reconstruction 
 and lasting reconciliation. He was married, April 15th, 
 1841, to Caroline .Sibylla Williams, a native of Greensburgh, 
 Trumbull county, Vermont. 
 
 PPELLAR, WILLLAM .S., Deputy Auditor of 
 Hamilton County, Ohio, was born, on P'ebruary 
 23d, 1839, in Somerset county, Pennsylvania, 
 being the son of William G. Cappellar, who 
 emigrated from Pennsylvania in 1848 and located 
 upon a farm near Richmond, Indiana. During 
 the Presidential campaign of- 1852, being an eloquent 
 speaker and well versed in civil affairs, his father stumped 
 the State of Indiana for Franklin Pierce, addressing his 
 audiences in English and German. He died in the winter 
 of 1852, leaving William S., his only child, upon whom de- 
 volved the cultivation and management of the farm for the 
 support of his widowed mother. He worked assiduously 
 during the spring and summer months, and in the fall .and 
 winter attended school and received an excellent elementary 
 education. In this employment he secured a robust aiifi 
 vigorous constitution, which in later years has enabled him 
 to perform an unusually large amount of public and private 
 labor. lie attended the county lyceums and became an 
 able debater, acquiring at these meetings a taste and de- 
 veloping a fine talent for extempore speaking. He was ap- 
 prenticed to lion. D. P. Holloway, then editor of the A’/W/' 
 j/iond ralladium, to learn the trade of a printer, but his 
 uncle, Philip Dorn, of Mount Ile.althy, Ohio, offered him 
 the opportunity for obtaining a finished education at Farmer’s 
 College, which he accepted. That gentleman had recently 
 lost his wife, and Mrs. Cappellar and her son went to reside 
 with him. Mr. Cappellar entered this institution and se- 
 cured a very comprehensive knowledge of the sciences and 
 arts, and of other branches requisite for a successful career 
 in life. Ilis mother watched carefully over his instruction, 
 and his prosperity is due to the .attention and care she be- 
 stowed on his e.arly education. In 1859 he married Lizzie 
 Killen, of Mount Healthy, and embarked in the dry-goods 
 and grocery business at that place. In 1866 he was ap- 
 pointed Postmaster of Mount Healthy, and held that office 
 until 1872. In 1869 he was elected Clerk of Springfield 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 8 
 
 township, and also Clerk of the townsliip Board of Ifduca- 
 tion, and was three times re-elected. During his leisure 
 hours he studied law, and thoroughly qualified himself for 
 admission to the bar. lie soon opened an office in the vil- 
 lage and disposed of his interest in the store. At this time 
 the press of Cincinnati were declaiming against the mis- 
 management and corruption of county officials ; and the 
 Court of Common Pleas, in October, 1S71, appointed a com- 
 mittee of three to investigate these charges, and Mr. Cap- 
 pellar was placed on that committee. He discharged his 
 duty so faithfully and earnestly as to elicit the commenda- 
 tion of the people and the press, and the Legislature of the 
 State, acting upon the e.xposilion of the cause of these com- 
 plaints made by that committee, amended the laws pertain- 
 ing to the compensation of county officials, by a bill known 
 as the “ Hamilton county fee bill.” His quick perception, 
 clearness of expression and open and fearless advocacy of 
 the right, secured him a clerkship with the then County 
 Auditor, Hon. Walker M. Veatman. In October, 1873, 
 Hon. Joseph B. Humphreys being elected Auditor of the 
 county, appointed Mr. Cappellnr his deputy ; and that gentle- 
 man being re-elected in October, 1875, continued Mr. Cap- 
 pellar in his position, which he now fills with energy and 
 intelligence. He has been for many years prominently iden- 
 tified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, contrib- 
 uting to its publications, delivering lectures, and in the Grand 
 Lodge of the .State an able representative and wise coun- 
 sellor. He is a gentleman of scholarly and fine business 
 qualities, and has caused his success in life by industry and 
 talent, and by a courteous demeanor toward those with 
 whom he has come in contact. 
 
 OORE, CORNELIUS, M. A., Lawyer, Journalist, 
 ? ifl I born on the bank of the Delaware river, in 
 
 iDi L Huntington county. New Jersey, November 23d, 
 1806. He lived on a farm until he had attained 
 ^ s) his sixteenth year, wlien he was apprenticed to 
 learn the trade of blacksmithing, at which he was 
 engaged until he was twenty-one years of age. During this 
 time, in the intervals of labor, he attended the schools in 
 the neighborhood of his home, and through tireless applica- 
 tion and industry fitted himself to follow the vocation of a 
 te.icher. He was subsequently engaged for about two years 
 in teaching, and in 1832 removed to and settled in Zanes- 
 ville, Ohio. He then commenced the study of law. After 
 his .admission to the bar he was occupierl in the practice of 
 his profession for a period of several years. In 1844 he 
 contracted a di.sease of the throat, and was advised to desist 
 from speaking to any great extent. In aceordance with 
 this counsel, he removed to Cincinnati in 1845 began 
 the |)ubIication of the Masonic Ki-i’icso, a monthly m.aga/.ine 
 devoted to the interests of Free M.asonrv. He was initiated 
 in Lafayette Lodge, No. 79, in Zanesville, Ohio, in March, 
 
 1837, and in the following year received the capitular de- 
 grees in the Zanesville Royal Arch Chapter, No. 9. Since 
 his initiation he has been intimately identified \\ ith the 
 order, and has passed through the Couticil and Comtnandery 
 and the different grades of the Scottish Rites. Wheti he 
 began the publication of the Masonic Review it was the only 
 periodical in the West or South devoted to the interests 
 of Free Masonry, while in the East there was but one other, 
 die Free Masons' JMagazine, published in Boston. He has 
 continued the publication of the Review down to the present 
 time, and it is now the oldest Masonic journal in America. 
 F'or several years it was contained in a single volume per 
 year, but was subsequently increased in size until the annual 
 issue required the publication of two volumes. The forty- 
 seventh volume has been published, and with the fiftieth 
 volume he proposes to free himself from the labors connected 
 with its man.agement. He has written and published the 
 following works : “ Outlines of the Temple, or Masonry in 
 its Moral Aspects,” a volume of 300 jiages ; “The Ancient 
 Charges and Regulations of Free Masonry; ” also a “ His- 
 tory of the Constitutions and Authority,” a volume of 300 
 pages ; “ Leaflets of Masonic Biography, or .Sketches of 
 Eminent F'ree Masons,” a volume of 420 pages. He has 
 also compiled and prepared for the press the “ Craftsman, 
 and Free Masons’ Guide,” and the “ Templar’s Text Book,” 
 containing the ritual pertaining to the orders of knighthoods. 
 In 1859 he visited Europe, and while abroad made the tour 
 of England, Ireland, Scotland and I'rance. During his ab- 
 sence the university at Oxford, Ohio, conferred upon him 
 the degree of M. A. He has been twice married ; first in 
 Easton, Pennsylvania, to Ann Gano ; and secondly to Kate 
 Kirk, in Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 ra 
 
 0 ^ MITH, JAMES M’LAIN, Editor of the Dayton 
 Democrat, was born in Miami county, Ohio, No- 
 vember 4th, 1838. His father, Thomas ]. .S. 
 AojSu, Smith, was a lawyer of prominence, twice a mem- 
 ber of the Legislature, twice an unsuccessful can- 
 diilate for Judge of the Supreme Court, Attorney 
 for the Dayton & Michigan .Railway Company, and also its 
 President. His mother was Jane, daughter of Henry Bacon, 
 a lawyer of great ability and a mendrer of the Ohio Legisla- 
 ture. Mr. Smith graduated from the Miami University in 
 the class of 1S59, taking the valedictory honor, and at once 
 began the study of law with his father. He was adiidltcd 
 to the bar in 1861, and practised for a short time, Init soon 
 gave u]j his jirofession and engaged in farming for a period 
 of eight years. In 1867 he purchased the Dayton F 7 npirc 
 and converted it into the Dayton Ledger ; :.fter six months 
 he sold a half interest in the concern to the Hon. C. L. 
 Vallandingham, and at tlie end of a year sold his remaining 
 interest to John A. Cockerele. In 1S71 he was elected to 
 the Legislature on the Democratic ticket, and at the end of 
 
84 
 
 BIOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 his term resumed the practice of law at Dayton, at which 
 he continued until the fall of 1874, when the Dayton Dem- 
 ocrat was established and he became its editor. At the age 
 of thirty-seven Mr. Smith remains unmarried. 
 
 « TRATTON, ELDER WILLIAM PERRY, ex- 
 Journalist, etc., second son of William .Stratton 
 and Mary (Perry) .Stratton, was born in Franklin, 
 Warren county, Ohio, December 12th, 1807. 
 Ills parents emigrated from New Jersey in 1805, 
 and were married in July of the same year, on 
 their arrival in Cincinnati, his father having accompanied 
 the parents of his affianced for that purpose. The marriage 
 ceremony was performed in a house made of the flat-boat 
 in which the party had descended the Ohio river. Decem- 
 ber 24th, 1807, soon after settling at Franklin, his mother’s 
 decease occurred, and on the following day — Christmas — 
 he was taken by his grandmother to Cincinnati, who was to 
 him as a loving and careful mother. This relative, Martha 
 Perry, was a Quakeress, and the daughter of Captain Joshua 
 1 luddy, a brave soldier of the Revolution; also mother of 
 Joshua 11 . Perry and William Perry, both enterprising and 
 influential men during the earlier days of Cincinnati. Ilis 
 great-grandfather, Joshua Ilucldy, a native of New Jersey, 
 was one of those Revolutionary patriots who sacrificed for 
 the welfare of their country not only the comforts of family 
 and home, but life as well. P'alling into the hands of the 
 British, the soldiers, who were incensed at his bold and 
 stubborn opposition to the home authority and British 
 aggressions, hanged him while he was under escort to be 
 exchanged for an officer of his rank, llis early religious 
 training was conducted after the fashion of the Friends. 
 At the early age of thirteen, however, he became a teacher 
 in a Methodist Sunday-school, and at this time began the 
 change in his religious feelings. In 1823 he commenced 
 to attend the preachings of lildcr James Challen, of Enon 
 Baptist Church, now Court .Street Baptist Church; and in 
 1826, while the church was temporarily under the care of 
 Elder James Ranoldson, was by baptism admitted to regular 
 membership. He was present during the memorable 
 debate on the Evidences of Christianity, between Alexan- 
 der Campbell and Robert Dale Owen, in 1828. About 
 this time also he attended the preachings of various emi- 
 nent ministers of the denomination of Disciples, among 
 whom were John Smith and the Creaths of Kentucky. 
 'I'hese and other influences induced him, with other Bap- 
 tists, in 1830, to reject the merely written creeds and take 
 the Bible only as the rule of life. He was then a teacher 
 in the first school in Cincinnati for the education of the 
 colored people of the city. At the age of fourteen he had 
 been apprenticed to the printing business in the office of the 
 old Liberty Hail and Cincinnati Gazette, then controlled 
 partly by E[)hraim Morgan and Charles Hammond, the 
 
 editor, and for a period of twenty years was occupied as a 
 printer. In 1832, in connection with John H. Wood, he 
 published the Cincinnati Mirror and Ladies' Depository. 
 The poet, William D. Gallagher, was the editor of the 
 journal. This author has written several works of merit, 
 and once enjoyed the distinction of having one of William 
 Cullen Bryant’s poems dedicated to him. Elder .Stratton 
 has Ibr many years been a prime mover and energetic 
 worker in the cause of i)ublic education in Cincinnati, for 
 fifteen years was a member of the Board of Education, and 
 officiated for several years as its Vice-President. He has 
 always been an advocate of physical exercise and training 
 in the schools as a portion of the regular school course, and 
 through his influence the gymnastic facilities now presented 
 in a limited degree in the schools have been secured. He 
 was one of the earliest movers in establishing the present 
 uniform system of penmanship in the public schools, and 
 also in the establishment of the “ Intermediate Department.” 
 For many years he was Trustee of the First Intermediate, 
 and Delegate to the Union Board of High Schools. He 
 was a member of the City Council for nine years, and for 
 one year acted as President of that body. In company with 
 two other members of Council, he located the present city 
 buildings. The site chosen was then thought to be im- 
 proper, to be unreasonably far from the town centre ; but 
 with the lapse of time has come the vindication of the course 
 pursued. He was also one of the committee who selected 
 the site for the Plouse of Refuge, and under whose direc- 
 tions this institution was erected. He was one of its first 
 Board of Directors, and also acted with its Committee of 
 Indentures for several years. During his connection with 
 the Council, the P'ire Department was changed from a vol- 
 unteer to a regularly organized paid department; and to 
 him, with Charles Thomas and Louis Broadwell, the city is 
 mainly indebted for the admirable and needed change. 
 This was a bold piece of work, as the Fire Department 
 had become a great power in the city, unfortunately, on the 
 side of corruption. Duly by conquering the determined 
 opposition of the firemen and their first chief, Niles Green- 
 wood, were they able to succeed in this unpopular but 
 absolutely necessary innovation. He had been himself for 
 fourteen years a member of the old volunteer organization. 
 With the exception of five years, he has spent all his lime 
 in Cincinnati. During those years he was pastor of the 
 Christian Church in Petersburg and Burlington, Kentucky, 
 and in Rising .Sun, Indiana. While residing in the latter 
 ]ilace he was Editor and Publisher of the Dising Sun 
 Jottrnal. In 1850 he accepted the Surveyorship of the 
 City Insurance Company, and held this position for sixteen 
 years. When that establishment was merged into the En- 
 terprise Insurance Company, he retained his office, and still 
 acts as Surveyor. For over forty years he has been a |)rom- 
 inent Odd Fellow, and thirty-eight years ago was elected 
 Grand Chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Ohio. He has also 
 been Chaplain of the Cincinnati Association of Pioneers 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.'EDIA. 
 
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 since 1864. In 1S66-67 lie was Vice-President of this asso- 
 ciation, and from 1858 to 1864 acted as its Corresponding 
 . Secretary. Although he has been for over forty years a 
 public teacher and preacher among his brethren, he has 
 always sustained himself and his family by secular pursuits. 
 He has baptized over one thousand persons and married 
 over fifteen hundred couples, and is known over a wide 
 extent of country as “ the marrying parson.” He remem- 
 bers distinctly the days when the boundaries of Cincinnati 
 were East Row ( Broadw'ay), Western Row (Centra! avenue). 
 Seventh street, and the Ohio river; has seen Indian encamp- 
 ments on the present grounds of Hughes’ High School, and 
 recalls minutely the time when the fields west of Central 
 avenue were the mustering grounds of the militia. He is 
 now one of the wealthy and most prominent men of Cincin- 
 nati, and, notwithstanding his sixty-eight years, is hale and 
 vigorous. He was married on July 2d, 1829, to Catherine 
 Eliza .Stibbs, second daughter of Samuel Stibbs, the first 
 chair manufacturer of Cincinnati. 
 
 & 
 
 
 )EWIS, CHRISTOPHER, Superintendent of Co- 
 lumbus Rolling Mill, Columbus, Ohio, was born 
 in Worcestershire, England, December 25th, 
 1831, and is the son of John and Elizabeth 
 Lewis. His father by profession was a blast fur- 
 nace man. In 1838 he emigrated to America, 
 and shortly after his arrival was employed at the Mount 
 Savage Iron Works, Maryland, where in 1841 he was 
 joined by his wife and family. He subsequently moved to 
 Mooresburg, and shortly afterwards to Danville, Pennsyl- 
 vania, where he still lives, and where the mother of the 
 subject of this sketch is buried. After the emigration of his 
 father to this country, necessity compelled Christopher, with 
 two other brothers, to go to work. His first occupation was 
 at the blast furnaces where his father was employed before 
 leaving for America, at what is known as filling boxes, to 
 assist fillers at the blast furnaces. Finding this too labor- 
 ious for one of his age, he sought and obtained work in a 
 wood screw factory, and about one year afterwards met 
 with an accident by which he lost three fingers of his right 
 hind, which |irevented him from doing any more work 
 until his arrival at Mount Savage, Maryland. At the age 
 of nineteen years he left home, and was engaged at pud- 
 dling at Brady’s Bend and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, for 
 about three years. He then returned to Danville, and was 
 there employed as puddler and heater for several years. 
 He then went to Pottsville, Pennsylvania, in the capacity 
 of a heater, and remained there about six years. During 
 the war he was employed at Trenton, New Jersey, as 
 heater, and for a short time rolling gun barrels for the 
 government. In the early part of 1865 he was employed as 
 Assi^tant Superintendent of Spuyten Duival Iron Works, 
 near New York, and subsequently in the same ])osition at 
 
 Danville, Pennsylvania. In 1866 he received the appoint- 
 ment of Superintendent of the Lochiel Iron Works, Harris- 
 burg, Pennsylvania, where he remained until 1871, when 
 he engaged to superintend Wheatland Iron Works, Mercer 
 county, Pennsylvania; but which, owing I0 the unhealthy 
 condition of the place, he resigned four months afterward. 
 He next engaged as Superintendent of Columbia Steel & 
 Iron Company, Columbia, Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, 
 which he held but a short time before he agreed to return 
 to Wheatland. Here he continued for ten months, and 
 then accepted a similar position at the Valley Iron Works, 
 Youngstown, Ohio. One year afterwards he accepted an 
 offer as Superintendent of the Columbus Rolling Mill, 
 which he still holds. In 1851 he applied for a patent for 
 shearing iron hot from the rolls, which, owing to unfavor- 
 able circumstances and lack of means at the time, he lost 
 control over his invention and gained no advantage from it, 
 though it is of incalculable benefit to all manufacturers of 
 railroad iron. In 1867 he invented “ water doorframes” 
 and “water necks” for puddling and heating furnaces; an 
 invention whose value and merit is well known to all prac- 
 tical men. Since that time he has received a patent for a 
 sewer trap for the prevention of the escape of foul gases 
 from sewers, which is believed by many medical and other 
 practical men wdll be of great value in preventing diseases 
 attributable to this cause alone. Being destitute of educa- 
 tion, except what little he had obtained before he com- 
 menced to work, he availed himself of the first opportunity 
 to join a small library at Brady’s Bend; and to this he owes 
 all the educational advantages he has ever possessed. And 
 as he has always regarded it of great value to himself, he 
 has at all times been intimately identified with the establish- 
 ment of reading rooms and libraries in connection with the 
 works he has been identified with, and has never failed 
 to take a deep interest in the educational advancement of 
 iron workers. He was married on April 1st, 1853, to 
 Ellen Davis, of Danville, Pennsylvania, and by her has had 
 several children, four of whom are living. 
 
 I^HOMPSON, JOHN L., President of the Cincinnati 
 ' Fire De]iartmcnt, Treasurer of the Cincinnati 
 
 •Savings Society, was born in Hamilton counly 
 Ohio, July 30th, 1832. He was educateil pri 
 marily in the common schools of his native county 
 and afterward jnirsued a higher course of studies 
 in the Hanover College, at Hanover, Indiana; securing by 
 industry and close application a varied store of general and 
 useful knowledge. He subsequently entered on the study 
 of law under the instruction of James Peat, a well-known 
 practitioner of Cincinnati, and in 1865 was admitted to the 
 bar. He then, for a period of fifteen years, served in various 
 capacities in the several county offices, ending in 1867 his 
 term of Deputy Sheriff. To this office he had been mnni- 
 
 r* 
 
86 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 iiatecl ill 1866 by the adherents of President Johnson. 
 Upon his retirement from the position of Sheriff lie entered 
 upon the duties of a fresh office of trust and responsibility 
 as Treasurer of the Cincinnati Savings Society, wliich posi- 
 tion he still holds. In April, 1S74, he was elected a mem- 
 ber of the School Board for the term of two years. He 
 takes an active interest in the promotion of educational 
 interests; and while serving in his various public capacities 
 has been importantiy instrumental in advancing the cause 
 of progress and reform. Prior to his admission to the bar, 
 having resided for many years in Columbia, and taken a 
 prominent part in the current political movements, he was 
 in 1803 elected Mayor of the incorporated village for the 
 term of two years. He was then elected, in 1865, Presi- 
 dent of the School Board of the same place, and filled that 
 office until 1867, when his position in the .Savings Society 
 precluded his acceptance of any public office. Since the 
 consolidation of the town he has continued to maintain a 
 leading position in municipal affairs, and is one of the most 
 influential citizens of the place. In April, 1874, he was 
 appointed by Mayor Johnson President of the Cincinnati 
 Fire Department; and April 19th, 1875, honored by an 
 election by acclamation to the Vice-Presidency of the Cin- 
 cinnati School Board. 
 
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 'OTTON, JOSIAH DEXTER, M. D., w.as born in 
 Marietta, Ohio, May iplh, 1S22. His ancestors 
 came to America in the f.rmous “ Mayflower,” 
 and settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts, where 
 succeeding generations of the family continued to 
 reside. His father, John Cotton, judge and phy- 
 sician, moved from Plymouth to Ohio in 1815, settling in 
 Marietta, where he died in 1847. (For further details con- 
 nected with his family see sketch of Dr. John Cotton.) He 
 was educated preliminarily at the Marietta College, and on 
 leaving school began the study of medicine under the 
 supervision of his father. In 1S45 he attended a course of 
 lectures at the Ohio Medical College; and in 1S47, having 
 attended also the medical department of the Louisville 
 University, graduated from that institution. He then en- 
 tered on the practice of his profession in Marietta, .succeed- 
 ing to his father's round of business. Since this time he 
 has been engaged exclusively in professional labors, and is 
 the acknowledged leader in the medical circles of his town. 
 In 1862 he was appointed Surgeon of the 92d Regiment of 
 Ohio Volunteers, and was connected with the army until 
 the close of the war. He was a participant at the battles 
 of Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, and Nashville, and was 
 present at the fall of .Atlanta. For two years he officiated 
 as Brigade Surgeon of General Turchin’s Brigade, and was 
 Medical Director of the Provisional Department of the 
 Army of the Cumberland and Tennessee. In 1865 he was 
 mustered out of the service, and on his return to Marietta 
 resumed the civil practice of his profession, in which he still 
 
 continues. P'or nine years he filled the office of Council- 
 man in Marietta, and for several years was Physician for 
 the Board of Health. Also, for two years he officiated as 
 President of the Washington County Medical Society, and 
 for one year was Vice-President of the Ohio State Medical 
 Society. In July, 1S75, appointed one of the Cen- 
 
 sors of the new Medical College of Columbus, a position 
 for which he is admirably qualified by his technical and 
 general attainments, his varied experience, and his personal 
 characteristics. He *vvas married in 1S48 to Ann M. 
 Steece, of Lawrence county, Ohio. 
 
 IBI.EV, JAMES WHITELAW, Commission Mer- 
 chant, is a native of the Green Mountain State. 
 He was born in Montpelier, Vermont, on the 
 20lh of February, 1S16. When he was about a 
 year old his father, Derick .Sibley, lemoved with 
 his family to Rochester, New Vork, then a small 
 village of a few hundred inhabitants. It was here that 
 James received such education as fell to his lot. On his 
 approach to manhood he embarked in the dry-goods busi- 
 ness, and continued in that line of trade until the year 1847, 
 when he removed to Cincinnati. There he engaged in the 
 produce and commission business in company with A. D. 
 E. Tweed, under the firm-name of Tweed & Sibley. Sub- 
 sequently it was changed to Sibley, French & Co., and so 
 the firm remains at this time. It h.as done and is doing a 
 steadily thriving business, and is one of the solid firms of 
 the city. In 1S60 James W. Sibley was elected President 
 of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, a position which 
 he filled ably and accept.ably. He was married in 1S40 to 
 Mary A. Hastings, of Clinton, New York. 
 
 ART, SAMUEL, Physician, Marietta, was born at 
 Marietta, Ohio, on June 7th, 1830. His grand- 
 parents were of English descent, who settled in 
 New York and Connecticut. His father, Dr- 
 Seth Hart, came to this State about fifty years 
 ago, and is still in active practice at Harmcr, 
 Ohio. His education consisted of an academical course; 
 on leaving school he began the study of medicine with his 
 father, and graduated from the Cincinnati Medical College 
 of Ohio. He then commenced the practice of his proles- 
 sion in partnership with his father, at Harmer. I his con- 
 tinued abouf two years, when he moved to hlarietta and 
 there established the practice in which he has continued 
 uninterruptedly, with the exception of his services in the 
 late war. In 1862 he entered the army as Surgeon of the 
 75th Ohio, and served with his regiment nearly one year. 
 He was then examined for appointment as Staff .Surgeon in 
 the Volunteer Corps, ranking as Assistant Surgeon. He 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 87 
 
 was then promoted to Surgeon, with the rank of Major, and 
 in this capacity he served until after the close of the war, 
 when he was brevetted Lieutenant-Colonel. At the expira- 
 tion of his services he returned to his home, and for one 
 year devoted his time to the review of his studies, taking 
 his degree at the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, at 
 New York. He then resumed his practice at Marietta, 
 where he is now located, enjoying probably the largest in 
 the place. He was married in 1S56 to Sarah Purple, of 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 fALCONER, CYRUS, Physician and Surgeon of 
 Hamilton, Butler county, was born in Washing- 
 ton county, Pennsylvania, January 2i:.t, 1810. 
 His parents were Isaac and Mary (^Yilkins) Fal- 
 coner. The family are of English descent. They 
 first settled in Queen Anne county, Maryland, 
 and from there a portion of them went to Berkeley county, 
 Yirginia, and from Virginia Samuel Falconer, grandfather 
 of Cyrus, moved to Washington county, Pennsylvania. His 
 father emigrated to the valley of the Miami in 1812, settling 
 in Butler county. Dr. Falconer received his education at 
 the Miami University, but left without graduating; at the 
 age of eighteen he began the study of medicine. Having 
 attended several courses of lectures and acquired a fair 
 degree of clinical experience he began practice in Hamil- 
 ton in 1832, and took his degree of M. D. in 1839 from the 
 Cincinnati Medical College. In the quiet but useful routine 
 of professional duties he has continued in Hamilton for 
 nearly half a century, and has enjoyed an extensive practice. 
 He followed the allopathic school, and, though in no sense 
 of the word a specialist in his profession, he enjoys an ex- 
 ceptional reputation as an obstetrician among the members 
 of his profession. He has twice performed the Caesarean 
 operation, admitted to be one of the most critical in surgery, 
 and in one of the exses with complete success. In public 
 affairs Dr. Falconer has never permitted himself to take a 
 more jwominent part than the plain requirements of his duty 
 xs a citizen demanded. He is a member of the Ohio .State 
 Medical Society, and was one of the trustees to build the 
 Agricultural College at Columbus. Though an anti-slavery 
 advocate, and bold in the support of the Union during the 
 war, the only prominent political act of his life was to be a 
 member of the Harrisburg Convention, that nominated W. 
 H. Harrison for the Presidency. He has been married 
 twice: first to Mary, daughter of the Hon. John Woods, of 
 H.imilton, October 8th, 1839; she died, .September l8th, 
 1870, having borne eight children, five of whom survived 
 her; one died in infancy and two were killed in the war, 
 Jerome dying from a wound received at the battle of .Stone 
 River, and John W., a Captain, after having passed through 
 the conflict and participated in most of the principal en- 
 gagements, was shot at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, 
 less than half an hour before the surrender of Lee and 
 
 the collapse of the Southern Confederacy. He died a few 
 days later. On February 1st, 1872, Dr. I'alconer married 
 Margaret McKee, of Wheeling, West Virginia. 
 
 ^HkSON, PETER, Mechanic, Manufacturer and 
 Capitalist, was born near Edinburgh, Scotland, 
 October 20th, 1802, and was thrown upon his 
 own re.sources for a livelihood when twelve years 
 of age. He was first engaged as a shepherd boy, 
 and continued in that capacity for six years. 
 Having then attained the age of eighteen, he apprenticed 
 himself to the plumber’s trade in Edinburgh, and made 
 unusual progress in this business. In the second year of 
 his apprenticeship he took the place of a journeyman, and 
 six months prior to the expiration of the term for which he 
 w'as bound he was offered the foremanship of another estab- 
 lishment, but his master refused to part with him upon the 
 completion of the apprenticeship term. During the latter 
 part of this period he was at w'ork in Edinburgh College, 
 then in course of construction, and after accomplishing Ids' 
 ■work there accepted the proffered foremanship which had 
 been kept open for him. This was in the year 1S27, and 
 about this time he was married to Martha Bolden, of Edin- 
 burgh. He held this foremanship for three years, and then 
 determined upon emigrating to America, to which an elder 
 brother had already removed. Desiring, however, to per- 
 fect himself in all branches of his trade, he went to England 
 and remained three years, being greatly benefited by the 
 improvements in appliances which he saw in operation 
 there. After completing three large jobs he left for 
 America, setting sail with his wife and twm children on 
 May 1st, 1831. He arrived at New' York on the 1st of 
 June, and was dejected when, upon an immediate canvass 
 of the city, he saw' no opening for him. For some time he 
 was without work, finding at length a job which brought 
 him means enough to pay his way back to Scotland, to 
 which he had determined upon returning. Naturally de- 
 sirous of seeing his elder brother, who was a practising 
 physician in St. Mary’s parish, Louisiana, he wrote to him 
 to come to New York before they set sail for Scotland. 
 The elder brother answered that Peter should meet him in 
 Cincinnati on a certain day. This was before the era of 
 steam locomotion, and long journeys W'ere tedious, if not 
 dangerous. Mr. Gibson, notwithstanding the drawback of 
 such a trip, determined to acquiesce, and reached Pitts- 
 burgh by stage travel over the Alleghenies, and thence by 
 boat to Cincinnati. The metropolis of to-day was then a 
 small town, and the Dennison Hotel, at which he stopped, 
 and the Pearl Street House w'erc the only hotels. He w'as 
 disappointed upon learning that his brother had not arrived, 
 and on one .Sunday morning, nervously uneasy about this 
 second failure, he started out for a walk to quiet his 
 anxiety. In turning toward the river he encountered his 
 
88 
 
 BIOGKArillCAL ENCVCLOIMiDIA. 
 
 brother, who had just arrived. The recognition was 
 mutual and the greetings affectionate. At tlie earnest 
 solicitation of this brother, Mr. Gibson gave up his. imme- 
 diate return to Scotland and started in business in Cincin- 
 nati under circumstances far from encouraging. His trade 
 at that time had not become a distinct one, and his capital 
 was very limited. During the first three years he was 
 twice reduced to the necessity of calling u]ion his brother 
 for assistance, who promptly and cheerfully gave it. The 
 fourth year of his career opened a brighter prospect. His 
 business grew in proportions, and was so remunerative that 
 he was able to liquidate all his indebtedness, with a fair 
 balance which he kept as a reserve fund. His skill as a 
 workman was now recognized, and the orders which came 
 in upon him were more than he could fill, and he was 
 compelled to increase his facilities. He purchased a new 
 pipe machine, an engine and incidental machinery, and 
 with these aids he was able to meet the demands upon his 
 establishment. His business rapidly enlarged, and became 
 constantly more remunerative. His patronage was not con- 
 fined solely to the city, but came from the interior of Ohio 
 and adjoining States. In 1845 he constructed for Davis C. 
 Lawler the first water-closet ever made west of the Alle- 
 ghenies, and this transaction opened to him a very large 
 and lucrative business. He commenced, with the capital 
 derived from his establishment, which had obtained a very 
 extended and honorable reputation, to build upon quite a 
 large scale in Cincinnati. He put up several conspicuous 
 business houses, and in 1849 erected the Gibson House, 
 which was greatly enlarged and remodelled in 1S57. 
 About 'the year 1854, having amassed a comfortable for- 
 tune, he retired from active business, leaving his plumbing 
 and lead pipe business to his son, John B. Gibson, and a 
 nephew. Since his retirement from these cares he has 
 devoted a considerable share of his time and attention to 
 the interests of the city. He serverl two years in the City 
 Council and several years in the Public School Board, bc- 
 siiies filling other positions of public trust and responsi- 
 bility. The Gibson House, which, as has been said, was 
 built in 1849, rebuilt entirely in the years 1873-74 by 
 Mr. Gibson, under the supervision of his son, John B. It 
 is now under the management of O. H. Jeffrey and John B. 
 Gibson. The building was planned by the latter, and has 
 now a frontage of 150 feet by a depth of 200 feet, and is 
 six stories high, exclusive of the basement and sub-cellar. 
 It contains over 300 rooms. The front, which is of stone, 
 is the embodiment of a fine type of architecture, presenting 
 a massive and symmetrical appearance. The office, on the 
 first floor, is 90 by 40 feet, with an L attachment 40 by 16 
 feet, being connected with the dining hall, the dimensions 
 of which are too by 40 feet. There is also an “early 
 breakfast ” room, which can accommodate fifty guests. On 
 the same floor there is a fine billiard-room, bar-room, 
 barber-shop, cigar-stand, telegraph -office, anti two ele'aators 
 by the use of which patrons may easily reach the upper 
 
 floors. One is for guests and the other for baggage. These 
 rooms, in additions to sjrace set off into kitchen and pastry 
 rooms and four large stores, comprise the entire ground 
 floor of the hotel. The flooring used in the first story is 
 marble tiling. In the sub-cellar ami basement are the 
 laundry, drying room, pastry-room, store-room, engine- 
 room, the ice-house, carpenter-shop, paint-shop, wine- 
 cellar, etc. Upon the second floor there are parlors, recep- 
 tion-rooms and rooms en siii/e. These are all furnished in 
 elegant style. The four remaining stories are devoted to 
 bedchambers and rooms en suite, and are equally well fur- 
 nished. Each floor is supplied with water-closets of a 
 superior character, planned by John B. Gibson, with gas 
 and water and all the necessities for making the house a 
 comfort and a pleasure to its patrons. There is attached to 
 the hotel a water-works arrangement, which renders the 
 subjection of fire in any part of the building instantaneous. 
 In addition, there are fire-proof stairways, and every room 
 is furnished with a fire-alarm. All the doors have patent 
 combination burglar-proof locks, and the transoms have 
 burglar-proof fastenings, an improvement found in no 
 other hotel in the city. Each floor has its hot and 
 cold baths. The heating and ventilation aie perfect, and 
 the house, in all its appointments and in the details of 
 management, is without a superior in the country. I’eter 
 Gibson, the original projector of this hotel, is held in the 
 highest esteem in the social and business communities of 
 Cincinnati. He is a man of substantial acquirements, of 
 keen business penetration, of energy of action and of the 
 most irreproachable character. He is generous by impulse 
 and public-spirited, and supports every movement made in 
 the interest of the welfare of the citizens of his adopted 
 city, and of which he is one of the few pioneer business 
 men who still remain. 
 
 NOX, SAMUEL, State Senator from the Twentieth 
 Cfliio District, was born, September l6th, 1822, 
 in Harrison county, (Jhio, being the son of John 
 and Mary (Davis) Knox. His father was a chair- 
 maker, and a descendant of a family belonging to 
 the same section of country from which John 
 Knox, the reformer, hailed. They were among the people 
 sent to the north of Ireland by Cromwell to carry out his 
 scheme of reconstruction in that country. William Knox, 
 grandfather of Samuel, and a well-known Methodist Fqiis- 
 cojr.al clergvman, came to America in 1794* and located in 
 Frederick, Maryland. In 1816 John Knox, the father of 
 Samuel, settled in Harrison county, Ohio. His wife’s 
 family came from Armagh, Ireland, to the same county in 
 1806. Samuel was educated in the common schools, and 
 by a private tutor. Dr. Horace Belknap, the principal of 
 Freeport Academy, and made rajiid headway in learning. 
 ■M the age of twenty-one he became clerk in a store, hut 
 was soon prostrated by impaired health for eight years. 
 

 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 Upon his recovery he commenced leaching in Freeport, his 
 native village, and four years remained thus occupied. In 
 i860 he was elected Auditor for Harrison county, and 
 served two terms, covering four years, during the eventful 
 period of the war. He then acted as clerk in the Auditor’s 
 office for one year, and in 1867 bought out the Cadiz Repub- 
 lican and edited it for two years, earning an e.\cellent 
 reputation as an able and enterprising journalist. From 
 1867 to 1871 he acted as Deputy Collector of Internal 
 Revenue for the Si.xteenth District of Ohio, and in 1871 
 was elected to the State Senate, on the Republican ticket, 
 from the Twentieth District, embracing Belmont and Har- 
 rison counties. In 1873 was re-elected, being the only 
 Republican in his district who enjoyed the honor of a re- 
 election. In the Senate he has served ably on the Com- 
 mittees on Schools and School-lands, Mines and Mining, 
 Claims, Revision, Enrolment, Penitentiary, Library and 
 Public Printing, and has energetically supported measures 
 for public improvements. He is an influential member of 
 the Republican party, and has done effective labor in its 
 various campaigns as an organizer and speaker. In 1862 
 he became Chairman of the Harrison County Republican 
 Committee, and has ever since held a membership in it. 
 In 1874 he was chosen a member of the .State Central Re- 
 publican Committee. During the war he was a member 
 of the Military Committee appointed by the late Governor 
 Brough. He is unmarried. In 1875 Knox was again 
 re-elected, being for the third term, a rare honor in the 
 history of the Ohio Senate. 
 
 'RRETT, ISA.\C, A. M., was born in the city of 
 New York, January 2d, 1820. His father was a 
 native of Arklow, county of Wicklow, Ireland. 
 His mother was a native of Portsmouth, England. 
 During the Irish rebellion of 1798 his paternal 
 grandfather was shot dead near his own home. 
 His parents were Protestants, and became identified with 
 the Disciples in New York city as early as 1816, his father 
 being a ruler and preacher in the original church in that 
 place, and as early as 18 il wrote and published a work in 
 defence of the principles now advocated by the Disciples. 
 In 1825 his father died. In 1832 his mother, after a 
 second marriage, moved to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 
 There young Errett was baptized, in his thirteenth year. 
 At the age of ten he became dependent upon his orvn 
 exertions for a living. He has a fine education, gathered 
 in the midst of toil and care. His early life was one of 
 
 checkered and interesting experience, and while laboring 
 as farmer, miller, lumberman, editor, printer, bookseller 
 and school teacher, one great object was ever before him : 
 the augmentation of his stock of knowledge. Thus it was 
 that he became one of the most refined and scholarly re- 
 ligious editors of the day. In 1840, at the early age of 
 12 
 
 89 
 
 twenty, he commenced his career as a preacher in the city 
 of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He had the rare advantage 
 of an intimate association with Thomas Campbell, Alex- 
 ander Campbell, Walter Scott and other early advocates 
 and apostles of primitive Christianity in the West. Mr. 
 Errett’s ministerial labors have been divided between the 
 work of an evangelist and that of a pastor. Through his 
 evangelical and editorial labors he has become more widely 
 known and his influence more largely diffused than is the 
 case with any other living man in the connection. The 
 history of his past forty years is largely the history of the 
 progress and growth of the Church of the Disciples in the 
 West. He was pastor of the church in Pittsburgh three 
 years; New Lisbon, Ohio, five years; North Bloomfield, 
 Ohio, two years; Warren, Ohio, five years; Muir ami Ionia, 
 Michigan, eight years; and Detroit, Michigan, two years. 
 In 1851 he removed to Warren, Ohio, and there became 
 Corresponding .Secretary of the Ohio Christian Missionary 
 .Society. This position he filled for three years, and under 
 him the society first became really active and successful. 
 In 1856 he again removed his family to Ionia county, 
 Michigan, and now again, on account of his rare executive 
 ability, he was made Corresponding .Secretary of the Amer- 
 ican Christian Missionary .Society. After three years he 
 resigned this position, but not until the society was ad- 
 v.anced to its highest state of prosperity. He was then 
 chosen first Vice-President of the society, and w.as in fact 
 for several years its presiding officer; and in 1866, after the 
 death of Alexander Campbell, was elected fits President. 
 This position he declined, and in the same year moved to 
 Cleveland, Ohio, where he commenced the publication of 
 the Christia 7 i Standard as editor-in-chief. In 1868 Mr. 
 Errett accepted the Presidency of Alliance College, at 
 Alliance, Ohio. This new institution, under his manage- 
 ment and supervision, became very successful and estab- 
 lished an enviable reputation. P'inding that his residence 
 at Alliance was interfering deeply with his publishing 
 business, as well as his evangelical and editorial Labors, he 
 resigned his position in the college, and in 1869 removed 
 to Cincinnati, where he now resides, giving his attention 
 chiefly to the editing of the Chrislian Standard. This re- 
 ligious journal has become very prosperous, and is now the 
 most popular and widely circulated weekly under the 
 patronage of the Disciples. After leaving Alliance College 
 he was elected President of the Agricultural College in 
 Kentucky University, at I^exington, and was also chosen to 
 fill the chair of Biblical Literature in Bethany College, 
 Bethany, Virginia. But these and all other such positions 
 he was compelled to decline, on account of his increasing 
 editorial labors. He is now President of the Foreign 
 Christian Missionary Society. The most important of Mr. 
 Errett’s writings are “Debate on Sjjiritualism ” (this debate 
 lasted ten days and was carried on with Joel Tiffany, Esq.) ; 
 “ Walks about Jerusalem ; ” “ Talks to Bereans ; ’’ “ Brief 
 View of Chiistian Missions;’’ and the “ First Principles 
 
90 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 of the Gospel.” Sermons, essays and tracts on leading 
 topics of the times have come from his pen in vast numbers, 
 lie is now engager! in writing a “Commentary on the 
 Epistles to the Gorintliians.” In 1S67 Bethany College 
 conferred on him the degree of Master of Arts. As a 
 public speaker he has few superiors. His writings, like his 
 sermons, are full of strong and rugged points. His per- 
 sonal appearance will be recognized as striking and prepos- 
 sessing. He represents the advance and progressive ele- 
 ments of life in the church. Over forty years in the 
 advance certainly gives him rank as one of the first and 
 most representative men in the Christian church. In 1840 
 he was married to Harriet Reeder, of Pittsburgh, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and has five sons and two daughters living. 
 
 ■fe 
 
 ra — •<>* 
 
 ELLEW, WILLIAM, Merchant, was born in 
 Glastenbury, Connecticut, February iith, 1806, 
 and is a lineal descendant of the Huguenots of 
 France. His maternal ancestors were of the old 
 English Puritan stock, who emigrated to this 
 country at an early day and settled at a place now 
 known as Cromwell, near Middletown, Connecticut. In 
 the cemetery near the latter town many generations of the 
 family are buried. The genealogy of his father’s family is 
 as follows: Philip Sellew, the great-great grandfather of the 
 subject of this Ihographical sketch, was a native of Bor- 
 deau.x, France, and was liberally educated for the Protes- 
 tant ministry. In consequence of the revocation of the 
 Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV., he came to America and 
 settled near Boston, .Massachusetts, then a wilderness, 
 which he and his family braved for the freedom of worship- 
 ping God without the fear of a Jesuit edict or a St. Barthol- 
 omew massacre, and which eight weary and devastating 
 wars, with a loss of nearly a million of lives, had failed to 
 secure for them in their native country. He died in Har- 
 wich, Barnstable county. May 15th, 1763, at the age of 
 eighty-five years. He had been a teacher of mathematics, 
 navigation and the languages for more than fifty years. 
 Very little is known of his wife, except that her name was 
 Beriar. Of their several children, John .Sellew, great- 
 grandfather of William, was a captain of a vessel, and was 
 married on September 20th, 1739, to Hannah Hamilton, 
 who was born in England and came to this country in con- 
 sequence of Cromwell’s usurpation, and settled in Boston. 
 Thomas, the eldest son of John Sellew, was born September 
 22(1, 1740. Philip, the second son, was born at Martha’s 
 Vineyard, August ist, 1743. John, the third son, was born 
 August 14th, 1745. Soon after his birth his mother, Han- 
 nah, received the sad intelligence of the death of her hus- 
 band, Captain John Sellew, who had died July 2d, 1745, 
 while on his voyage, and her presence was required at 
 Boston to settle his estate. As he was a part owner of the 
 vessel, she went on board the .ship. A storm drove them to 
 sea and the mother and babe were separated three weeks. 
 
 She finally received only a part of a hogshead of molasses 
 of her husband’s jiroperty. W'hen Captain John sailed on 
 this his last voyage, he left his wife in charge of his friend 
 and former mate, Samuel P'indlay, wdio subse(]uently mar- 
 ried her and by her had several children. They resided in 
 Marlborough, Connecticut, where she died in July, 1790, at 
 the age of sixty-eight years. Her eldest son, Thomas, 
 married and lived at Rocky Hill, but died in Scarborough, 
 Maine, leaving no children. John settled and died in 
 Glastenbury, Connecticut. Philip, the grandfather of Wil- 
 liam Sellew, was brought up and educated by his grand- 
 father, at Marwick ; went to Rhode Island and New York ; 
 served at Brown’s Point during the French war. Making 
 a visit to his mother, Mrs. Findlay, he formed the acquaint- 
 ance of Elizabeth Smith, whom he married, and settled in 
 Glastenbury; he was for several years a member of the 
 State Legislature; died in Glastenbury, June 17th, 1828, at 
 the age of eighty-five years. He left several children, of 
 whom the second son, Samuel Sellew, was the father of 
 William Sellew, whose name stands at the head of this 
 biography. Samuel married Lucy Gibson, of Middletown, 
 and settled in Glastenbury, where he died in August, 1828, 
 having attained the age of fifty-five years. His wife also 
 died at the same age, in September, 1831, leaving eight 
 children, viz.: Timothy G., William, Enos, Osman, Ralph, 
 Hannah S. (who married S. B. Munson), Lucy Ann, 
 Angeline. All these children are living except Lucy Ann 
 and Hannah S. Munson. As above stated, the great- 
 grandmother of William Sellew, Hannah Hamilton, wife 
 of Captain John Sellew, was the daughter of Thomas (or 
 James) I lamilton, and granddaughter of Thomas Hamilton, 
 a commander in the sea service, who was the fourth son of 
 Sir George Hamilton, third son of James, sixth Earl of 
 Abercorn, lineally descended from James Hamilton, second 
 Earl of Arron, in the kingdom of Scotland, and Duke of 
 Chatebrault, in France, who was the great-grandson of King 
 James H. by the Princess Mary. William Sellew remained 
 with his parents until eleven years of age, when he went to 
 live with a maternal uncle, where he resided until his 
 seventeenth year, when he apitrenticed himself to learn 
 cabinetmaking; but, having a greater desire for mercantile 
 pursuits than for mechanics, at the expiration of one year he 
 left his trade and commenced his mercantile career as a 
 clerk in the hardware store of his cousin, Ogden Kilburn, 
 in Hartford, Connecticut, where he continued till 1832, 
 when, with his brother Osman and a few friends, he started 
 West to seek a future home. Coming by the way of New 
 York they took the canal to Buffalo, steamer to Cleveland, 
 and thence by stage to Cincinnati, where they arrived after 
 a journey of two weeks. They found the Queen City of 
 the West at that time with a population of 17,000 inhabi- 
 tants. William and his brother Osman’s prosperity dates 
 from their starting the business of manufacturing Britannia- 
 ware, it being the first and only manufacturing establish- 
 ment of its kind west of the mountains. Although with 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 91 
 
 limited means and few acquaintances, yet, with th.at perse- 
 verance and energy which have ever been cliaracteristic of 
 their house, they entered upon their mission without a 
 doubt of its success. Renting a small house on the north 
 side of Fifth street, near Walnut, they began with salesroom 
 in front and shop in the rear. Very soon being compelled 
 to seek more commodious quarters, they moved their fac- 
 tory to Main and Orchard streets, and fheir store to Main 
 street, between Fifth and Sixth, near where the present 
 business house now .stands. Up to that time power had 
 been furnished first by hand, and then by horse, but both 
 proved insufficient to meet the wants of their fast-increasing 
 business; so they were compelled to move their factory to 
 the canal, where they could obtain w.ater-power. About 
 this time (1836) Enos, another brother, came from the East 
 and entered the firm as a partner. With an increased capi- 
 tal they added to their stock many of the metals for which 
 there had grown quite a demand, and for which the house 
 at the present d.ry has become so w'ell known. Having 
 been educated in the school which teaches there is no re- 
 ward without great labor, Mr. .Sellew' shirked no responsi- 
 Iiility, nor thought himself above performing any manual 
 labor that the success of his business retpiired. Like 
 .Stephen Girard, there w.as no part of his fast-increasing 
 business he did not thoroughly master. A merchant who 
 commenced business without any capital save that repre- 
 sented by indomitable perseverance and honesty of purpose, 
 he has developed ability that entitles him to rank second to 
 none among the various members of sckciety. But he has, in 
 addition to this, lent a helping hand to the industrious poor, 
 the unfortunate mechanic and the new beginner, which in- 
 variably has secured friends and patrons that time and com- 
 petition have failed to alienate. He has contributed not a 
 little to the prosperity of his adopted city, and by his own 
 efforts risen to affluence. He was married in New Haven, 
 Connecticut, on h'ebruary 9th, 1847, to Mary A. Munson. 
 Four children have been born to them, of whom only one is 
 now' living. Much of his business care he has transferred 
 to younger hands, and at his beautiful residence in A\von- 
 dale is spending his declining years in the society of his 
 family and friends, and enjoying that peace and quietude 
 which are incident to a well-spent life. Though in com- 
 parative retirement, the active business life he has spent will 
 not suffer him to be itlle, and he still retains a liv'ely interest 
 in the city in which he acquired his fortune and so justly 
 obtained renown. 
 
 ojhfi 
 
 ORNELL, JOSEPH, Farmer, was born in Hun- 
 / I terilon county. New' Jersey, on the 1st of May, 
 1799 - He was the eldest of five children. His 
 
 parents, Samuel and Mary (Temple) Cornell, 
 were both natives of New Jersey. They came 
 to Hamilton county, Ohio, in 1816, and estab- 
 liihed a permanent home in Sycamore township, near 
 
 
 which Joseph Cornell at present resides. His father fol- 
 lowed the occupation of carpenter, as well as attending to 
 the interests of his farm up to the time of his death, which 
 occurred in 1856. His mother died some years jirevious. 
 He received careful home training, being early taugbt the 
 dignity of labor as w'ell as tbe importance of cultivating 
 habits of morality. His school education w'as obtained in 
 the public institutions of the immediate vicinity; but, desir- 
 ous of increasing his mental abilities, he applied himself 
 closely to reading, and, being naturally an acute observer, 
 succeeded in obtaining a more than ordinary amount of in- 
 formation. At the age of twenty-one he began life as a 
 farmer, relying entirely on his own resources, and after five 
 years of industry and economy obtained his present farm, 
 and W'as successful in the establishment of a pleasant home, 
 where he expects to reside permanently. Politically, he is 
 a Rejiublican, his first vote having been cast for John 
 Quincy Adams. His religious views are liberal; he con- 
 fines himself to no particular doctrine, but spends his life 
 in general usefulness, and in social circles his influence is 
 always for good. For some years he has been 'I'rustee of 
 the township in which he lives, and is particularly inter 
 ested in matters pertaining to education and public enter- 
 prise. Notwithstanding a long life of excessive labor he is 
 yet active and buoyant. He w'as married, March loth, 
 1825, to Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Beeler, of Hamilton 
 county. 
 
 AYLOR, JAMES, M. D., D. D. S., was born in 
 1809, at Cedar Grove farm, on Paint creek, near 
 Bainbridge, Ross county, Ohio. The town of 
 Bainbridge w'as named for Commodore Bain- 
 bridge, of the United States navy, by the grand- 
 father of our subject, who was a near relative 
 of the commodore. The old farm and homestead is still 
 owned by Price Taylor, a brother of James, these brothers 
 being two of the nine children that clustered around the 
 family hearthstone. Joseph Taylor, the father of the sub- 
 ject of this sketch, was born m Monmouth county, New' 
 Jersey, where the Taylor family, of English extraction, was 
 settled more than two hundred years ago. His mother, 
 whose maiden name was Jane Irwin, was born in A'irginia, 
 of Scotch-lrish stock, and was married to Joseph Taylor in 
 1797. In 1801 the young pair, with the husband's father, 
 William Taylor, removed to Ross county, being among the 
 first settlers of the county. Here James Taylor was reared, 
 contending with great obstacles in securing an education, 
 by reason of the limited resources of the county; for at 
 this time wheat sold for thirty cents and corn for ten cents 
 per bushel, if they could be sold at all. But the father, 
 being magistrate and school commissioner, employed New 
 England teachers, often graduates of colleges, who made 
 his house their home. Thus a good English education was 
 secured to the children, while the presence for so long a 
 
92 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOIVEDIA, 
 
 lime of educated men in the family fostered a taste for 
 reading and study. At the age of seventeen James had 
 chosen medicine as Ids future profession, and advised by 
 an old family physician he began the study of Latin and 
 anatomy at the same time. In 1826 Dr. John Harris 
 settled in Bainbridge, having an excellent reputation as a 
 physician, and among the students that sought his instruc- 
 tion the subject of this sketch was soon numbered. After a 
 year of close application to study on the part of his scholar. 
 Dr. Harris turned his own special attention towards the 
 study and practice of dentistry. The works of Koeker, 
 Bell, Fitch and Hunter were procured and eagerly read by 
 both the doctor ami his student. After a lime the latter 
 was sent to Cincinnati, to purchase the requisite instruments 
 and materials for work. The trip was made on horseback, 
 and it required several days to find files, seniors, forceps 
 (at that time very rare), elevators, turnkeys, hippopotamus’ 
 tusks, gold and tin foil, etc., etc. A set of instruments 
 worth fifty dollars was not then to be obtained in the city. 
 On his return he found his horse lamed at Batavia, and to 
 occupy the time of his delay the young dentist began to 
 practise with such success that he soon made enough 
 money to pay for his new instruments and the whole ex- 
 jienses of the trip. Some of these first patients in after 
 years gave him their practice when he had settled in the 
 ()ueen City. The teacher and pupil, being now in partner- 
 ship, visited various neighboring towns, among others 
 Greenfield, twelve miles distant, where Dr. C. A. Harris, a 
 brother of the former, was then practising medicine. This 
 Dr. Harris, afterward of Baltimore, was soon induced to 
 devote himself also to dental science, and with his in- 
 dustry, integrity and professional pride, proved a great 
 acquisition to the profession. After tw'o years Dr. John 
 Harris removed permanently to Chillicothe, and Mr. Taylor 
 went to Hillsboro’, placing himself under the t-uition of Dr. 
 Kirby, a noted and eminent physician of that town. His 
 dental practice, however, by which he supported himself 
 meanwhile, so interfered with his medical studies that he 
 did not enter the medical school of Transylvania Univer- 
 sity, Lexington, Kentucky, until the autumn of 1830. 
 After having passed through the difficult course of study in 
 this school, from which he subsequently received the degree 
 of M. D., he retuimed to Ohio, and was examined and 
 licensed to practise by a board of physicians appointed as 
 censors by the Legislature to examine those who desired 
 to practise medicine. His first office was opened in Bain- 
 bridge. His brother Joseph having studied dentistry with 
 him previously, had spent the winter of 1830 profitably in 
 Vicksburg,. Mississi]ipi, and induced James to return to that 
 place with him the subsequent winter. The latter settled 
 at Port Gibson and in Natchez. Thus for several years he 
 spent his winters in the South and his summers in the 
 North. In 183.4. Dr. Taylor decided to give up the practice 
 of medicine, although he was very successful therein, and 
 devote himself wholly to dentistry. And he has ever 
 
 deemed his medical career invaluable to his success in his 
 present jirofession. At that time there were not more than 
 a dozen dentists in the West, and few of these had made 
 any reputation worth naming. Both cities and towns were 
 small, and could not afford a permanent location to any 
 professional man. Indeed, ten years later, though the 
 number of dentists hatl increased fourfold, yet very few had 
 attained to eminence. After assuming the practice of 
 dentistry alone. Dr. Taylor continued his winter visits South 
 until, in 1838, he had accumulated about ^Ifiooo, which 
 he invested in the dry-goods business in Bainbridge, 
 placing his youngest brother, Irwin, in charge of the 
 store. His eyes threatening to fail him, shortly after, he 
 feared that he would be compelled to relinquish his pro- 
 fession ; and, selling out his store, he removed with his 
 brother Irwin to Crawfordsville, Indiana, taking with him 
 a stock of goods. But here he .soon found himself again in 
 full practice, visiting Lafayette, Covington and neighboring 
 towns. In 1841, his merchandise not proving successful. 
 Dr. Taylor closed up his business and visited his old field 
 of labor in the South, while his brother went to Maysville, 
 Kentucky, to study dentistry with another brother, Joseph, 
 who had several years before settled there. Still longing 
 for a permanent settlement, however, in 1842 Dr. James 
 Taylor bought of Dr. Rostaing, in Cincinnati, his house, 
 office, instruments, fixtures, etc., and enlisted in his chosen 
 profession in this young city, then numbering about 60,000 
 inhabitants. Meanwhile a fourth brother, Edward, who 
 had also studied medicine and then dentistry, and who had 
 pursued the same career of vibration between the North 
 and South, and was settled in a successful practice in 
 Louisville, Kentucky, was now induced to join his brother 
 in Cincinnati, and in a few years they had built up a most 
 flourishing and lucrative practice, with a widespread repu- 
 tation. The health of Edward, however, failing after some 
 years. Dr. Joseph Taylor, of Maysville, took his place, 
 while the former retired to Cleveland and engaged in 
 horticultural pursuits there until his death, in 1867. The 
 two remaining brothers extended their practice among the 
 best families of the community, and became well known in 
 the profession. Thus these three brothers (the younger, a 
 fourth practitioner, having died early) laid a broad founda- 
 tion for the rising profession of dentistry, and by their 
 enthusiasm and labors in it helped to give it that high pro- 
 fessional character and standing which it has attained not 
 only in the West, hut throughout the whole 001111117. While 
 thus engaged in Cincinnati, Dr. James Taylor was invited 
 to a chair in the Dental College in Baltimore, wljich had 
 been organized by his quondam friend. Professor C. H. 
 Harris; but, feeling that a college of dental surgery should 
 be established in the West, he declined the flattering offer. 
 .“Vt this time it was a serious sacrifice to science to liecome 
 a professor in a dental college. In 1S44 Dr. Taylor first 
 advocated the necessity of a dental school for Cincinnati. 
 After discussion of the subject with Drs. J. W. Cook and 
 
'"‘JarnPui Ce, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCLOP/IiDIA. 
 
 93 
 
 M. Rogers, they concluded to apply to the Legislature for 
 a charter. After some opposition the charter was obtained, 
 and in 1845 the college was organized. Dr. Taylor being 
 assigned to the chair of Practical Dentistry and Pharmacy. 
 This Ohio College of Dental Surgery was the second of 
 the kind in this country. After three years a new assign- 
 ment of chairs was made, and that of the Institutes of 
 Dental .Science was allotted to Dr. Taylor, which he occu- 
 pied for si.xteen or eighteen years, when he voluntarily 
 retired with the honor of Emeritus Professor. He has con- 
 tinued every session since to deliver a few lectures to the 
 classes. The college is owned by an association of dental 
 surgeons. Dr. Taylor being a large stockholder, and as 
 President of the Board he confers the degrees at the annual 
 commencements upon the members of the graduating class. 
 He was chosen President of the National Convention of 
 Dentists, which met in Boston in 1856. Dr. Taylor with his 
 brothers were also among the originators of the Mississippi 
 Valley Association of Dental Surgeons, which is the oldest 
 and one of the most efficient societies in the United States, 
 and which was organized in Cincinnati in 1845. The 
 publication of the Dental Register was begun in 1847, ^"cl 
 Dr. T.iylor being the only resident editor in Cincinnati, 
 where it was published, the editorial duties weie largely- 
 devolved upon him, so that after three years the magazine 
 was placed entirely in his hands, he assuming all its 
 e.xpenses. For nine years he continued to edit and publish 
 this journal, which still e.xists, when it became self-support- 
 ing and took high rank among the leading organs of the 
 profession. During this time his literary contributions 
 were very numerous, embracing well nigh every topic 
 relating to dental practice, and in many cases being 
 original and thorough discussions of subjects which had 
 been but little discussed previously. The value of these 
 articles has been widely acknowledged, many of them 
 having been republished elsewhere. Were these, with his 
 contributions to the American yournal of Dental Science, 
 his numerous addresses to the graduating classes and his 
 carefully prepared lectures, to be publiffied together, they 
 would make several large volumes of great interest and 
 practical value. In 1838 Dr. Taylor married R. Maria 
 Applegate, of Monongahela City, Pennsylvania, a most 
 estimable lady, which happy union was severed by her 
 death, in 1858. He was subsequently married to Belle P. 
 McMaster, of Cincinnati, a talented and accomplished lady, 
 beloved by all who knew her, but who died in 1873. 
 
 Taylor remains in practice in Cincinnati, having as his 
 partner his nephew. Dr. Janies 1 . Taylor. He resides on 
 the Kentucky side of the Ohio river, on his beautiful sub- 
 urban farm, his spacious residence overlooking the city, 
 and from whose conservatory lovely floral offerings are 
 brought to adorn his city office. His health is nearly jicr- 
 fect, and he does not seem to be more than forty-five or 
 fifty years of age. And for more than twenty years he has 
 been a ruling elder of the Second Presbyterian Church, 
 
 of which Dr. T. H. Skinner is pastor, and where he is 
 highly esteemed and honored by the congregation, as well 
 as by the entire community. 
 
 URCH, CHAUNCEY M., Merchant, was born in 
 Hebron, Washington county. New York, April 
 22d, 1816. When quite young his father removed 
 to the western part of that State, and being the 
 oldest of fourteen children he was early com- 
 pelled to assist in the carrying on of a farm to 
 support this large family, his father’s means being limited. 
 He continued thus employed until he attained his majority, 
 cultivating the farm in the spring and summer seasons, and 
 attending the district schools in the winter. The studies 
 pursued in these did not satisfy him, and he decided to 
 secure a collegiate education at his first opportunity. He 
 commenced his preparations by careful study in select 
 schools, with the intention of entering Gberlin College, a 
 theological institution under the charge of the Congrega- 
 tional Church. Although a member of this denomination, 
 Mr. Murch did not wholly indorse the doctrines taught at 
 Oberlin, being more liberal in his religious opinions. After 
 a short attendance at this college, this among other reasons 
 induced him to withdraw from it, which he did upon the 
 expiration of one term. He commenced then to teach 
 music, and continued in this profession, for which he was 
 in many ways eminently qualified, for twelve years. In 
 1844 he went to Cincinnati and entered upon the manufac- 
 ture of an improved melodeon, his factory being the first 
 of its kind established west of the Alleghenies. At the end 
 of two years he sold an interest in his business to James M. 
 White, and the firm soon extended their enterprise to em- 
 brace the manufacture of pianos. The factory originally 
 started by Mr. Murch was the first business house on Fourth 
 street west of Main. Shortly after the inaugural of the 
 manufacture of pianos, he repurchased the interest disposed 
 of to Mr. White, and since then has continued in control 
 of the entire establishment to the present time. P'or the 
 past six years his business has been transacted in the 
 splendid four-story stone front arcade builditig, on Sixth 
 street near Central avenue. This imposing edifice was 
 erected by him with the view of occupying the lower floors 
 for his store, and of fitting the upper portions for the use of 
 Masonic lodges. They are now used for this jnirposc, and 
 there are few cities possessing lodge-rooms more spacious 
 or elegant in adornment. Mr. Murch also reared a fine 
 four-story residence, with a front of cut stone embodying a 
 highly ornamental type of architecture, on Poplar street. 
 This structure has a frontage of 53 feet and a deplli of 120, 
 and is bi-sected by a large hall. It contains twenty-one 
 large rooms and a number of small ones. There is in it a 
 handsome parlor for dancing, and a hall 21 by 40 feet. 
 The building is surmounted by a beautifully designed 
 
94 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.-LDIA. 
 
 observatory, which commands a compreliensive view of the 
 city and surrounding country. This handsome structure is 
 occupied by Mr. Murch’s family, and is in its appointments 
 and decoration one of tlie finest private mansions in the 
 country. Mr. March, when lie embarked in business in 
 Cincinnati, had a capital of $1500, which had been earned 
 by hard labor and rigid economy. He now pays in taxes 
 on his constantly-improving real estate in that city more 
 than three times that sum. His fortune has been amassed 
 from the business which he so ably conducted, his personal 
 estate being in itself more than a competency. His genius 
 for invention has resulted in his securing several valuable 
 patent rights, one of them being for “ Murch’s street 
 chariot,” intended to supersede the common street car. 
 This chariot is made in two sizes, for one and two horses. 
 Among its many advantages its adaptability for running on 
 any street, without tracks, is perhaps its chiefest. It is now 
 in successful operation in Washington, District of Columbia, 
 and is rapidly being introduced in other cities. He has 
 also patented a double head light reflector, w hich has been 
 adopted in New York and other eastern as well as w'estern 
 cities. It is simple in construction, less expensive than any 
 other and increases the light from one burner sixteen times. 
 Mr. March was married when twenty-five years old to 
 Mary K., daughter of Hon. R. W. Gates, of New York, by 
 whom he had two daughters, w'ho died when quite young. 
 11 is wife died, October 20th, 1S46. His second wife was 
 Ann, daughter of Elijah Carpenter, of New York, by whom 
 he had one child, a daughter, who died of scarlet fever. 
 Mr. March is a man of great energy and force of character. 
 He has been an industrious worker and has achieved his 
 great fortune by the prudent and enterprising management 
 of his business. He has done much to beautify the city in 
 which he lives, by the erection of handsome buildings, and 
 to improve its commercial and mercantile interests, by the 
 support of important business ventures. He is greatly re- 
 spected for his services a.; a manufacturer and citizen, and 
 has merited the esteem and confidence wdth which he is 
 honored. 
 
 HEPHERI), HON. HENRY Senator from the 
 Sixth District in the Sixty-first General Assembly 
 of Ohio, w’as born, February pih, 1843, iu High- 
 land county. His p.arents w'ere William A. and 
 I ranees A. (Rogers) Shejrherd. His father W’.as 
 a physician, and practised in Highland county 
 until October, 1S61, when he removed to New Vienna, 
 Clinton county, wdiere he continued to follow his profession j 
 till his death, which occurred May 13th, 1871. Mr. Shep- 
 herd received his education principally in the common j 
 schools of his native county, and at the age of nineteen 
 began the study of medicine; but receiving, by a kick from j 
 a horse, a ]iersonal injury which threatened to render the j 
 practice of that |)rofession impossible, after two years he j 
 
 gave it up and began tlic study of law. He was admitted 
 to the bar at Washington Court House, May 20th, 1867, 
 and .at once began practice in Clinton county. In 1869 he 
 was the Democratic candidate for the office of Probate 
 Judge of Clinton County; but, though he ran ahead of his 
 ticket very considerably, he was defeated by a small ma- 
 jority, the county being at that time, as now, a Republican 
 stronghold. On the 1st of January, 1870, he removed to 
 Hillsborough, Highland county, where, in 1872, he was 
 again nominated for Probate Judge, and again defeated. 
 In 1S73 he was elected on the Democratic ticket to repre- 
 sent his district in the Senate, where he serves on the 
 Judiciary Committee, Committee on .Statutes, the Committee 
 on Corporations other than Municipal, Federal Relations, 
 Railroads and Turnpikes, Roads and Highways, Revision, 
 and Privileges and Elections, being Chairman of the last 
 two. By that law of intellectual gravitation which regu- 
 lates such matters Mr. Shepherd has attained a rank among 
 the first of his colleagues, and his legislative career has 
 been marked by a degree of good sense and independent 
 judgment, which distinguish the statesman who serves his 
 constituency rather than the politician who connives for his 
 party. His standing may be inferred from the fact that, in 
 addition to the important regular committees on which he 
 serves, he is Chairman of the Joint Select Committee on 
 Constitutional Amendments, regarded as the most impor- 
 tant committee of the General Assembly, At the age of 
 thirty-two he is still unmarried. 
 
 ^^^RYE, WILLIAM C., Treat 
 (>rJJ Ohio, was born in Wineb 
 ber 5th, 1815. He is the ; 
 a Methodist Episcopal r 
 ^ Frederick county. Virgin 
 
 'reasurer of Cl.arke Countv, 
 achester, Virginia, Decem- 
 son of George M. Frye, 
 Methodist Episcopal minister and native of 
 Frederick county, Virginia, and Mary (Wolfe) 
 Frye, also a native of this county and St.ate. On 
 the paternal side he is remotely of German extraction. His 
 grandfather, Christopher Frye, was a commissioned officer 
 in the Revolutionary army. He was educated at the 
 Charlestown Academy, in Virginia, and was occiqned by 
 his studies until 1833. He then moved to Highland county, 
 Ohio, where he was engaged in mercantile pursuits, keeping 
 a general store in Greenfield until 1848. In this year also 
 he removed to Springfield and became connected with the 
 business of banking, remaining in association with the Mad 
 River Valley branch of the Ohio .State Bank until 1S56. He 
 was then elected, on the American ticket, to the County 
 Treasurership, and in 185S \\;as re-elected Treasurer, on 
 the Republican ticket. In i860 he became joint proprietor 
 and publisher of the Sprinf^field Repiihliccui, and sustained 
 his relations with that organ until 1862. In March, 1864, 
 he became Cashier of the Second National Bank, then 
 entering 011 its existence, and was connected with this in- 
 stitution until July, 1869. In 1870 he established a private 
 
IJIOGRArmCAL ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 95 
 
 banking firm, under the style of Fryer, McWilliams & Co., 
 which, in April, 1873, was merged into the Lagonda Na- 
 tional Bank, of which he was bookkeeper until September, 
 1874. He was then appointed to fill the vacancy occasioned 
 by the death of Richard Mountjoy, Treasurer of Clarke 
 county, Ohio. Later in the year he was formally elected to 
 fill the Treasurership for a full term. He was married, 
 January 26th, 1839, to Mary K. Bell, of Highland county, 
 Ohio, by whom he has had eleven children; six of these — 
 two sons and four daughters — are now living. 
 
 OOS, JOSEPH, was born in Chester county, Penn- 
 sylvania, about 1767. His father was a native of 
 Germany and his mother of Wales. He removed 
 with his parents to Tennessee, and afterwards to 
 Harrison county, Kentucky, where, in 1797, he 
 married I.ydia Nelson, and the following year 
 moved to Franklin (now Columbus), Ohio, where he owned 
 the ferry over the Sciota, then a franchise of great value ; 
 he also kept a large tavern. He was a man of fine natural 
 ability, and though he spoke German and English with 
 fluency and elegance, his early education was deficient. 
 His memory was remarkable, and his perception very (piick ; 
 and after taking private instruction of an Irish schoolmaster, 
 who came to his house in indigent circumstances, he came 
 to be regarded as a man of more than usual acquirements, 
 and throughout the remainder of his life carried on a volu- 
 minous correspondence with Clay, Ewing, Corwin, Harrison 
 and other contemporary characters of prominence. He was 
 a member of the first Legislature, and before his death served 
 twenty-five sessions in the Senate and House. He became 
 an eloquent and moving speaker, and it was mainly through 
 his persistent efforts that the capital of the State was re- 
 moved to Columbus. In recognition of the services the 
 authorities of the city afterwards gave him a square of 
 ground, allowing him to choose it for himself. He served 
 in the war of 1812, rising from the rank of Captain to 
 Brigadier- General. During the years of this war and the 
 Indian troubles that followed, Franklin w.as an important 
 military post and his tavern the resort of the army officers. 
 His opportunities for making money were very great ; his 
 ferry alone, during the movement of military forces and the 
 tide of emigration sweeping in great caravans to the plains 
 of Illinois, fre(iuently netted him three hundred dollars a 
 (hay. But his liberality was equal to his resources. His 
 house was the head-centre for political agitators, and they 
 were always needy. Even in entertaining such men as 
 Clay there was more distinction than profit. His inffuence 
 throughout the State at this time was undoubtedly very 
 great, but it suffered a decline. He was defeated for Con- 
 gress, and his property having depreciated by the changed 
 circumstances of the countrjq he removed to Madison county 
 and engaged in farming. About 1825 he was ajipointed 
 
 General-in-Chief of the State Militia, and held the office 
 until his death. He had taken a remarkable interest in the 
 study of geography, and when the subject of canals was 
 agitating the country, after the inception of De Witt Clin- 
 ton’s great scheme in New York, his attention was drawn 
 to the feasibility of a ship canal across the Isthmus of Darien. 
 He opened correspondence with the Spanish authorities, 
 who were civil enough to furnish him the required informa- 
 tion in furtherance of his plan fcrr a grand highway of na- 
 tions; he furnished a pamphlet with a map. M'hile this 
 was remembered it was known as “ Foos’ folly,” but sev- 
 eral years after his death it reflected great credit on his 
 name, when some controversy arose between England and 
 the United States on the subject of the discovery of the route, 
 and Tom Corwin arose in Congre.ss and drew attention to 
 the fact that the idea had originated years before with a 
 citizen of the State of Ohio. General Foos’ first wife died 
 in 1810, having two sons and two daughters; and in 1812 
 he married Margaret Phifer, of Madison, with Mhom he 
 had six children, five sons and one daughter. He died in 
 1S32, and was buried at Columbus. 
 
 OOS, WILLIAM, Banker, was born in P'ranklin 
 county, July 14th, 1814. His father was General 
 Joseph Foos; his mother Margaret (Phifer) Foos. 
 During his early childhood his father removed to 
 Madison county and engaged in farming. W'il- 
 liam received a fair English education, but his 
 father dying when he was fourteen years old, he was com- 
 pelled afterwards to earn his own living. He began as 
 clerk in a dry-goods store, and at the age of twenty-three 
 embarked in the same business on his own account at 
 Springfield, Ohio, at which he continued, in connection with 
 his brothers, up to 1856, carrying on a large trade and be- 
 coming widely known throughout the county. In 1858 he 
 and his brother, Gustavus S., established the private bank- 
 ing house of I'oos & Brother, which in 1861 wms changed 
 into the Second National Bank of Springfield, Ohio, and of 
 which he has since been President. Since 1865 he has 
 been engaged in the manufacture of mill machinery on a 
 large scale at .Springfield, the works furnishing constant em- 
 ployment to too men. The Leffel turbine water-wheel, an 
 invention of one of the partners of the house, is a specialty. 
 His son, Lamar Foos, is associated in the business, and has 
 charge of the foreign trade at a branch house in New' York 
 city. Mr. Foos has a farm of 4000 acres under a high state 
 of cultivation in Champaign county, Illinois. The wdiole is 
 under the management of a steward, who accounts and re- 
 ports to Mr. Foos at stated jieriods. It has been his pride 
 to make this a model and remunerative farm ; it is finely 
 stocked, and contains over thirty miles of fence. It is cut 
 through the centre by the Chicago & Paducah Railway; 
 and two years since he has had a depot erected, and laid off 
 
96 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 lots for a village, which is called Foosland, in which he has 
 already sold all the lots, and which will probably grow to 
 preserve his name anil commemorate his enterprise among 
 the generations of the future. August ayih, 1837, he mar- 
 ried Sarah, daughter of James and Nancy (Van Kirk) Mark, 
 of Madison county, and with her he had two children, 
 Lamar and Fergas W., cashier of the Second National Bank. 
 
 [RICHARD, GEORGE A., Wholesale Shoe Mer- 
 chant and Manufacturer, was born in West Brook- 
 field, Worcester, Massachusetts, December 5th, 
 1815. He was educated at New Ipswich, New 
 Hampshire. Wdiile in his twentieth year, he 
 launched himself into the current of business life 
 on his own resources, and found employment in a dry-goods 
 store in Boston. At the expiration of one year he removed 
 to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1837, and here entered, in the capac- 
 ity of clerk, the store of John Chillits. A year or more 
 elapsed, and finally, having received various promising of- 
 fers from the West, he decided to embark in the business 
 enterprises thus brought under his notice. At the termina- 
 tion of several years of interesting and valuable experience 
 in business matters in the new field of labor, he returned to 
 Cincinnati in 1S42 and established himself in the retail and 
 jobbing shoe trade, which ultimately was changed into the 
 jobbing trade exclusively. In 1847, after five years of great 
 success, he connected his house with that of Charles B. 
 Johnson, under the firm-name of Johnson, Prichard & Co. 
 This, after being developed into one of the most extensive 
 and prosperous wholesale .shoe establishments in Cincinnati, 
 was disposed of by sale, and a new and even more exten- 
 sive business projected in Boston, Massachusetts. The latter 
 venture not meeting with desirable success, he returned to 
 Ohio and bought a farm, situated near Lebanon, where he 
 remained until 1861. He then returned to Cincinnati, and 
 purchased the shoe establishment of Moses Brooks, which 
 under his able management rapidly became a very prosper- 
 ous business. In January, 1871, he closed out all his in- 
 terest and business in the jobbing of Eastern goods, and 
 commenced the manufacture of an entire line of goods for 
 the Western trade. 1 le accordingly engaged all his energies 
 and resources exclusively in manufacturing for the supply 
 of dealers in the West, and made for them in his factory 
 boots and shoes of every kind and style demanded. No 
 shoe manufacturer had ]ireceded him in this enterprise, and 
 by many of the more timid houses it was regarded as a 
 bold and hazardous venture. At the present time it is the 
 only shoe manufactoiy in the city where so many lines and 
 such great variety of styles and grades of goods are made. 
 In 1873 fitted up a large, extensive factory on Lock 
 street, which is, confessedly, unrivalled throughout the West 
 as a thoroughly-arranged and commodious establishment ; 
 while its operations are greatly facilitated by his promptness 
 
 and shrewdness in availing himself of every new invention 
 or improvement connected with shoemaking machinery. 
 He constantly employs several hundreds of hands, and turns 
 out annually several hundreds of thousands of dollars 
 worth of stock. He is now one of the wealthy men of Cin- 
 cinnati, and is widely esteemed as an able and enterprising 
 man of business. 
 
 ^UTCHINS, FRANCIS E., Attorney-at-Law, was 
 born, .September l6th, 1827, in Litchfield county, 
 Connecticut. His parents were Myron M. and 
 Mary M. (Porter) Hutchinson; the former born 
 in Vermont, the latter in Connecticut. The 
 family in 1833 removed to and settled in Summit 
 county, Ohio, where they remained until 1835, when they 
 removed to Kalamazoo county, Michigan. His father was 
 by occupation a farmer. Leaving Michigan in 1844 they 
 returned to Ohio, locating at Youngstown, then in Trumbull, 
 now in Mahoning county. Want of opportunity, both in 
 Michigan and after his return to Ohio, prevented young 
 Hutchinson from deriving much benefit from even such 
 schools as the county afforded in that early day, and as to 
 his education he is mainly self-taught. At the age of twenty- 
 two he entered upon the .study of the law at Youngstown, 
 in the office of William Ferguson, and was admitted to the 
 bar of the Supreme Court of the State in 1851. During his 
 legal studies, at the suggestion of his law preceptor, he 
 dropped the last syllable of his name, and has ever since 
 been known by the name of Hutchins. On being admitted 
 to the bar he formed a partnership with his former preceptor 
 at Youngstown, where he continued to juactise until the 
 spring of 1859, when he located in M^arren, Ohio, where he 
 has since continued to practise and reside. 
 
 |UTZ, HON. LAWRENCE, Jr., Mayor of Dayton, 
 Ohio, was born at Sidney, Shelby county, Ohio, 
 July 26tb, 1838, being the son of Lawrence and 
 Elizabeth (Spitznagel) Butz, both of whom were 
 natives of the Grand Duchy of Baden, near Straus- 
 burg. . He was educated in the common schools 
 of D.ayton, to which, when he was quite young, his parents 
 moved. He graduated in Latin, French, German and 
 English, from the College of Nazareth, a Catholic institution 
 near the city, lately transformed into St. Mary’s Institute. 
 Having acquired a liberal and substantial education, when 
 sixteen years of age, he was withdrawn from school and em- 
 ployed in his father’s grocery store as attendant and book- 
 keeper. He continued in this capacity until 1861, when 
 his father admitted him to a partnership interest, and the 
 operations of the firm were extended to embrace pork- 
 packing and candle-making. In this line of trade he con- 
 tinued with great success up to the time of his election to 
 
i; lOG R A I>I 1 1 C A L ENC YC LO P/ED I A . 
 
 97 
 
 the Mayoralty of Dayton, when he disposed of his business 
 in order to give his entire attention to the responsible duties 
 of the office to which he had been called by the suffrages of 
 his fellow-citizens. On April 6th, 1874, he was elected, on 
 the Democratic ticket, as Mayor, receiving a majority of 
 403 votes over hi^ opponent, David A. Hook; and since His 
 inaugural in that office he has discharged its duties with 
 dignity, with great care and with fidelity, unbiased by any 
 partisan feeling. He has always been an active Democrat, 
 and for a long time was a member of the Central Committee 
 for Montgomery county. He has always taken a deep in- 
 terest in municipal affairs, supporting all public improve- 
 ments, and exerting his influence and his energy as a busi- 
 ness man to increase the mercantile welfare of the city over 
 which he now presides. For three years he served the 
 Eighth Ward in the City Councils, and also fdled a term in 
 the Board of Health. He was married, on Noi’ember 26th, 
 1S61, to Louisa Schafer, of Dayton, who was born July 
 loth, 1841. 
 
 ELL, HON. WILLIAM, Jr., Secretary of State 
 for Ohio, was born in Licking county, August 
 23d, 1827, his parents having been Samuel and 
 Elizabeth (Hanger) Bell. His father was a 
 native of Greene county, Pennsylvania, and was 
 by occupation a farmer. His mother was a Vir- 
 ginian by birth, and her name is well known and her con- 
 nections are many in the “Old Dominion ” State. Mr. Bell 
 wa.s educated at Martinsburg Academy, in Knox county, 
 Ohio, and made rapid progress in the various branches of 
 English culture. Upon leaving that institution he remained 
 with his father until 1852, when he was elected Sheriff of 
 lacking county, and discharged all the duties of that station 
 with fidelity and intelligence. Soon after the expiration of 
 his term he was appointed Postmaster of Newark, and re- 
 tained this position until 1858, when the peojrle of the county 
 again elected him to the Sheriffalty. In i860 they honored 
 him in the same form, and the care with which he adminis- 
 tered his trust indicated how completely they had estimated 
 his character as a faithful and energetic official. He acted 
 as .\uditor of Licking county from 1864 to 1870, serving three 
 successive terms. In 1871 he was chosen from that county 
 to the lower House of the State Legislature, and in 1873 was 
 re-elected. These di.stinctions, so thoroughly merited and 
 so generously conferred, prepared the way for his election 
 in 1874 to the office of Secretary of State, which station 
 he now fills. \\ hile a member of the House of Representa- 
 tives he was Chairman of the Standing Committee on Public 
 Works, and a member of the Committees on Insurance and 
 Municipal Corporations. He has been a life-long Democrat, 
 and has been prominently identified with the campaign or- 
 ganizations of that party. His friends are not all within the 
 lines of this party, however. His genial disposition, affable 
 manners, and sterling qualities have won the personal sup- 
 13 
 
 port of many who differ with him in political doctrine. His 
 career has been one of success, due perhaps entirely to the 
 manner in which he has discharged the duties of every trust ; 
 and there is a fair probability that his progress will realize 
 the expectations of his friends. On January 1st, 1856, he 
 married Lizzie A. Ocheltree, of Newark, and this wedlock 
 has been blessed with three children, one son and two 
 daughters. 
 
 TRIBLEY, GEORGE, Shoe Manufacturer, was 
 born at St. Columb, Cornwall, England, April 
 6th, 1824. His ancestors for many generations 
 back lived and died in this place. His father 
 was a miller, and naturally endowed with unusual 
 mechanical ability. He received the education 
 usually obtained by boys in his condition of life in England, 
 and, always a lover of literature, added greatly to his store 
 of attainments by a varied course of reading pursued on all 
 favorable occasions. At the age of fourteen he was appren- 
 ticed to learn the trade of shoemaking, and, in accordance 
 with English custom, was engaged at it during the succeed- 
 ing period of six years. On the completion of his appren- 
 ticeship he remained in England for about three years, 
 working at his trade during this time, and having heard 
 much concerning the golden opportunities offered to young 
 men in the United States, decided to emigrate to the land 
 of promise. Leaving his country, accordingly, he finally 
 arrived in Cincinnati, Ohio, in November, 1847, having be- 
 fore quitting England selected that city as his objective 
 point. He then worked as a journeyman in various shops 
 for several years, but not finding sufficient occupation to con- 
 sume all his time, purchased some stock, entered on the 
 role of manufacturer, and sold his work to the retail traders. 
 Disposing profitably and easily of all his wares, he con- 
 tinued this sy.stem of business, adding a hand when he saw 
 that prospects warranted the acquisition with its attendant 
 expense. In 1854 he moved to Walnut. Hills, where he 
 opened his business afresh and conducted it on a larger 
 scale. At the outbreak of the war of the rebellion he con- 
 trolled a force of fifty hands, and was the possessor of a 
 flourishing business. After the cessation of the depression 
 attending the opening years of the conflict the demand for 
 his Work became great and pressing, and he rajtidly accumu- 
 lated wealth. As early as October, 1851, he had made use 
 of the “ Blodgett & Lerow stitching-machine for fitting up- 
 pers ” — his machine being the first of its kind used in the 
 West — and in December, 1S62, he introduced into his busi- 
 ness the now celebrated “ McKay sole sewing-machine,” 
 the first one set up on the western side of the Alleghenies. 
 The initiatory introd iction of this machinery required a 
 prolonged struggle on his part, for the machine accomplish- 
 ing successfully the work of many men, its overthrow was, 
 naturally, earnestly determined upon. Not only was the 
 opposition of workmen to be stemmed and turned, but also 
 
BIOGRAI’IIICAL ENCVCI.Or.EDlA. 
 
 9S 
 
 the prejudice eradicated from the tradesmen's minds con- 
 cerning the inferiority of machine-made work. The war 
 continued, however, until the rebellion created a new de- 
 mand for shoes, and it was discovered also that men with 
 little or no knowledge of the shoemaker’s trade could use 
 the machinery profitably. Also the merchants began to un- 
 derstand that machine-work was not a deception, and their 
 doubts once removed, the demand for it received a fresh 
 impetus. He then, from time to time, continued to intro- 
 duce machinery into his business, until his establishment, as 
 now conducted, contains specimens of all the useful shoe- 
 machinery in existence. After fairly launching his business 
 into the new order of things, the Sons of St. Crispin ap- 
 peared on the scene, and by this association he was persist- 
 ently and determinedly attacked. Their hostile measures, 
 however, were fated to end in failure ; for, organizing the 
 Manufacturers’ Association, he succeeded within a brief 
 jieriod in quelling their spirit, and eventually was instru- 
 mental in securing their defeat as a partisan organization. 
 His Inisiness increasing beyond the capacity of his place at 
 Walnut Hills, he moved to Pearl street, where he has since 
 remained, fie now turns out daily looo pairs of women’s, 
 misses’ and children’s shoes, and he is second to none 
 throughout the West in the amount of work done, in the 
 character of his wares, and in the excellence of his reputa- 
 tion. For three different years he has received the highest 
 rewards offered on manufactured goods in his line in the 
 various expositions ; and his business relations extend over 
 all the Western and Southwestern States, and amount to 
 four or five hundred thousands of dollars per annum. 
 Owing to the unceasing pressure of business he has been 
 prevented from taking an active part in the political move- 
 ments of the day, but has served two terms in the Board of 
 Aldermen. As early as 1863 he made the needed applica- 
 tion of steam to the working of shoe-machineiy, and was the 
 first manufacturer who operated by steam the common sew- 
 ing-machine, or applied steam in the use of any shoe-ma- 
 chinery west of the mountains. He is a valued member of 
 several social orders, and is veiy influential in the move- 
 ments, political and social, of the community amid which 
 he is esteemed and respected. 
 
 ENXKENSTEIN, JULIUS, Merchant, was horn 
 in Cincinnati, Ohio, June 26th, 1846, and is the 
 son of John Christian Benckenstein, who emi- 
 grated from Prussia in 1830 and settled in Balti- 
 more in 1831 ; he then removed to Cincinnati, 
 Ohio; he was engaged through life as a gardener 
 and florist, and until his death, which occurred March 7th, 
 1868, was the owner of the place known as “ Benckenstein’s 
 Garden.” Julius was educated in Cincinnati, and graduated 
 from one of its institutes of learning in 1865. He subse- 
 quently entered the retail boot and shoe store of C. T. Spear 
 
 as clerk, and remained there .for about one year. He then 
 found employment as head salesman in the wholesale boot 
 and shoe house of J. S. Howe, 128 Walnut street, between 
 Third and Fourth streets, where he remained for a period 
 of six years, serving during the latter portion of this time in 
 the capacity of buyer for the establishment. In 1871 he 
 formed a copartnership with James P. McNamara, for the 
 purpose of carrying on the wholesale auction and commission 
 boot and shoe business. Their house was opened at Nos. 
 37 and 39 West Pearl street, where a successful business at- 
 tended their united efforts. October 1st, 1874, he purchased 
 the entire interest of his associate; and continued the busi- 
 ness under the firm-style of “Julius Benckenstein tS; Co.,” 
 which name has been retained up to the present time. He 
 is now proprietor of one of the largest boot and shoe houses 
 in the city, and does an annual business of over 8400,000 — a 
 larger business perhaps than is done by any other house of its 
 age in Cincinn.ati. Aside from his regular business he has 
 made some very profitable investments in city real estate, the 
 taxes on which amount to over $1000 peryear. His residence, 
 with extensive attached grounds, on the corner of Hamson 
 and McLean avenues, is cited as one of the handsome.st 
 places of its kind in the suburbs of the city. Commencing 
 his business career with a small capital, he has, through the 
 medium of natural ability, reinforced by strict habits of 
 regularity, incessant attention, and unvarying integrity in all 
 the affairs of life, won, and deservedly won, a place among 
 the leading citizens and merchants of Cincinnati, and ac- 
 cumulated a very large fortune. He was married, June 
 ilth, 1868, to Lizzie Schwcnkmeyer, by Rev. Joel Swartz, 
 pastor of the First English Evangelical Lutheran Church of 
 Cincinnati, of which both he and his wife are members. 
 The fruits of this union have been three children, two sons 
 and one daughter; Leonard Frederic, Carrie Sadie, and 
 Julius James. 
 
 MIZER, WESLEY, M. D., was horn in Clermont 
 county, Ohio, February 28th, 1828. He was the 
 youngest of seven children. His father, Philip 
 Sniizcr, was a native of Maryland, and engaged 
 extensively in agricultural pursuits. He became 
 one of the earliest settlers of Clermont county, re- 
 siding there until his death, which occurred on July 5th, 
 1839. His mother, Mary Cannon, was a native of Ohio, 
 and died in 1870. Wesley Smizer when quite young was 
 taught to take part in the labors of the farm, hut notwith- 
 standing this, his education was very liberal, being received 
 at the best institutions of his native county. In 1849 he 
 commenced the study of medicine under the direction of 
 Henry Smizer, a prominent physician of Waynesville, War- 
 ren county, Ohio, reading diligently for a period of three 
 years ; he graduated in 1856. He then began the practice 
 of his profession at Paducah, Kentucky, which he continued 
 for about eight months, when his health failing, he was 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 99 
 
 obliged to return to Waynesville, « here he remained three 
 years. He attended a course of lectures at the Cincinnati 
 Eclectic College, and graduated from that institution in 
 1856; immediately afterwards locating in Sharonville, 
 Hamilton county, Ohio, where he has resided up to the 
 present time, actively engaged in the duties of his vocation 
 and commanding a very large practice. In matters of re- 
 ligion, the doctor’s views are very liberal, not being limited 
 by the doctrines of any particular church. Politically, he 
 is a Democrat. In social life he is pleasant and genial, 
 rather reserved in disposition, avoiding any attempt of 
 display, and to an attentive observer his face indicates a 
 character resolute and distinguished for uprightness. He 
 was married in the year 1S58 to Elizabeth Hook, a native 
 of Hamilton county. Her father, William Hook, was a 
 prominent resident and successful farmer of that place. 
 
 o' -^y^sVLL, HON. FL.VMEN, Lawyer, was born in New 
 -J -c York city, January 5th, iSog, being the only son 
 fo I I Flamen Ball, an eminent lawyer of that place, 
 and a lineal descendant of Allen Ball, who, in 
 i 6’43, was one of the founders and proprietors 
 of the colony of New Haven, and a grandson of 
 Rev. Eliphalet Ball, the founder of Ballston, Saratoga 
 county. New York, which was named after him. In the 
 year 1S32 Mr. Ball removed from New York to Cincinnati, 
 with his wife Evelina, youngest daughter of the late Cap- 
 tain Samuel Candler. In 1838, having adopted his father’s 
 profession, he formed a law partnership with lion. Salmon 
 P. Chase, late Chief-Justice of the United States, the firm- 
 name being that of Chase & Ball. They established them- 
 selves in a large and valuable general practice, and re- 
 mained in partnership for over twenty years, winning their 
 way to eminence as lawyers of commanding talent. Their 
 reputation became more than a local one: it was national, 
 for they appeared as leading counsel in important civil and 
 criminal actions in the State and Federal courts of all 
 sections, and conducted cases which attracted the attention 
 of the entire country. They were influential in political 
 affairs, giving their counsel and energy to movements 
 which affected the civil affairs of the n.ation. It was per- 
 haps as much, if not more, to Mr. Ball’s sagacity and 
 fidelity, than to the influence of any one else, that Mr. 
 Chase was indebted for his rapid advancement to promi- 
 nence in political affairs. Unfortunately, for the continu- 
 ance of a law firm which had covered .so great a field of 
 labor and had achieved so sjrlenclid a reputation, the in- 
 satiable love of public office which animated Mr. Chase, 
 and his growing ambition for the Presidency, finally 
 wrought the dissolution of a partnership which was known 
 as the oldest and characterized as the ablest in the West. 
 In 1861 President Lincoln, who before his election was 
 known as a thoroughly read and skilful lawyer, and a warm 
 
 personal friend of both Messrs. Ball and Chase, called upion 
 the latter to fill the Secretaryship of the Treasury. At the 
 same time he appointed Mr. Ball as Attorney for the 
 United .States for the Southern Di.strict of Ohio, in which 
 capacity, shouldering the entire responsibility of conducting 
 that office himself and avoiding a division of the labor by 
 the aid of assistants, he served the country throughout the 
 rebellion with zeal and ability. The war brought up many 
 new and grave questions, and developed cases of an al- 
 together novel and intricate character; but he became the 
 master of them all. These questions related to supplies for 
 the army and navy, to the duties of provost marshals, asses- 
 sors and collectors, to the seizure of goods, contraband of 
 war, shipped in aid of the rebellion. There were frequent 
 criminal prosecutions for resisting officers, for obstructing 
 the draft and for the violation of the revenue laws. All 
 these, to the detriment of his large private practice, fully 
 occupied his time. In 1867, upon the passage of the Bank- 
 rupt law, Mr. Chase then being Chief-Justice, he appointed, 
 by virtue of powers delegated to him by that law for the 
 selection of registers in bankruptcy, Mr. Ball to the office 
 of Register. This important jiosition, unsolicited by him, he 
 accepted, and still fills it acceptably. The beautiful village 
 of Clifton — a suburb of Cincinnati — where Mr. Ball has re- 
 sided uninterruptedly for more than a quarter of a century, 
 owes its development to him. In 1849 conceived the 
 plan of a municipal or chartered corporation for the govern- 
 ment and protection of that then small settlement, com- 
 posed mainly of merchants and professional men whose 
 health required the invigorating stimulus of pure country 
 air. A meeting was held at his residence, at which he 
 presented the draft of a law for the incorporation of Clifton 
 as a municipality, and a petition addressed to the General 
 Assembly praying for its passage. This petition being 
 signed was duly presented to the Assembly, which, in 
 March, 1850, granted a special charter for the incorjjoration 
 of that village. Mr. Ball consented to serve as its Mayor, 
 and ex-ojjicio President of its Council, and for nearly twenty 
 years acted in this capacity. In 1834, with others, he 
 established the Young Men’s Bible Society, and for fifteen 
 years acted as its Corresponding Secretary. Upon his re- 
 tirement he was created a director for life of.,lhe American 
 Bible Society, as a mark of respect for his character and 
 long-continued and faithful labors. In 1849 he was chosen 
 by the Cener.al As.sembly of Ohio a trustee of the Ohio 
 Medical College, and still holds that office. For the past 
 si.xteen years he has. served as President of the Board of 
 Trustees of that venerable institution. Mr. Ball was ori- 
 ginally a Democrat, but upon the formation with the Free- 
 soil and Republican ])arties, in the organization he aided 
 largely, he has co-operated with them in the belief that 
 through their agency the jrrinciples of pure Democr.acy 
 might be best established and jiromoted. As a lawyer, Mr. 
 Ball is profoundly read in all deparlments of the science of 
 jurisprudence. He is a forcible and eloquent advocate. 
 
lOO 
 
 IJIOGRAPIUCAL EXCYCLOIMCDIA. 
 
 and is careful in the preparation and management of the 
 cases intrusted to him. lie is greatly esteemed for his 
 social as well as professional qualities, and for the support 
 he has given to works of a public character. In 1864 his 
 first wife was removed by death, and in 1S73 he was again 
 married to Elizabeth II. Parmlee, of Brooklyn, New York. 
 
 NOW EES, SAMUEL S., Lawyer, was born in 
 Athens, Athens county, Ohio, August 25th, 1S25. 
 He is of Scotch-Irish extraction. His grand- 
 father, a Highlander, was a soldier and an active 
 participant in the Revolutionary conflict. His 
 grandmother was a native of Ireland. His earlier 
 education was acquired at the Ohio Lhiiversity, located in 
 his native place. At the conclusion of his course of studies 
 in this institution he began the reading of law under the 
 instructions of Hon. L. L. .Smith and L. Jewett, of Athens, 
 Ohio. He was admitted to the bar in 1852, and from 1852 
 to 1856 officiated as Prosecuting Attorney of the same 
 county, having been twice elected to that position. In the 
 spring of 1861 he removed to Marietta, Ohio, where he has 
 since resided, engaged in successful and professional labors. 
 Erom May to October, l86q, he acted as Captain of a com- 
 pany of infantry in the 148th Regiment of Ohio National 
 Guards, stationed at Bermuda Hundreds. He was subse- 
 quently mustered out of the service. For four years, from 
 1862 to 1S66, he presided as Mayor of Marietta, and for 
 two years, from January, 1S66, served in the Ohio Senate 
 from the counties of Noble, W'ashington and Morgan. In 
 October, 1875, he was elected Judge of the Court of Com- 
 mon Pleas of the Third .Subdivision of the .Seventh Judicial 
 District of Ohio, and entered at once upon the discharge 
 of his office, in which capacity he is now serving. He 
 was married, June 23d, 1852. 
 
 PENCE, GEORGE, Lawyer, was born in Clarke 
 county. May 22d, 1828. His parents were W'il- 
 liam and Elizabeth (W^ones) Spence, both natives 
 of Yorkshire, England, who came to this country 
 about 1816 and settled on government land in 
 Clarke county. George was the seventh son in a 
 family of thirteen children. He received the most of his 
 education at the public schools, working on his father’s 
 farm during the summer and attending school in the winter. 
 At the age of seventeen he sustained very severe personal 
 injuries, having both legs and one arm broken in a thresh- 
 ing machine, which unfitted him for the heavy manual 
 labor of the farm, and probably had some influence in de- 
 termining his career. He was sent for a short time to the 
 old Springfield Academy, and in 1848 began the study of 
 law with the distinguished firm of Rodgers & White. On 
 
 April 19th, 1850, he was admitted to the liar, and soon 
 after began practice in Springfield, where he has ever since 
 remained, having acquired an extensive practice and high 
 standing at the bar. He has been a constant sufferer from 
 the injuries received in his youth, but the great vitality of 
 his nature and the energy of his character have sustained 
 and impelled him to a life of more than usual activity. 
 Though seldom a candidate for office, he has taken a 
 prominent part in politics. In 1S60 he was a delegate to 
 the National Democr.atic Convention at Charleston, and, 
 after the adjournment to Baltimore, sustained the Northern 
 wing in the nomination of Douglas. He was also a dele- 
 gate to the Chicago Convention that nominated McClellan 
 and Pendleton, in 1864. He has frequently been a member 
 of the State Convention, and active on the Committee on 
 Resolutions. In 1865 he was the Democratic candidate 
 for Treasurer of State, but with the whole of his party sus- 
 tained defeat. His influence in municipal affairs has been 
 very considerable. He has been seven years in the City 
 Council, and his name has been identified with every 
 measure looking to the improvement of the place. He 
 was the principal projector of the Springfield street railway, 
 and has been President of the company since it was organ- 
 ized. He is largely interested in real estate, and has a fine 
 home in the western part of the city, on a farm of about 
 forty acres, surrounded by a park of native oaks of four 
 acres. He was married on July 30th, 1855, to E. Jane 
 Edmondson, of Dayton, Ohio, by whom he has had two 
 children ; but one, George E. Spence, about fourteen years 
 of age, is living. 
 
 ^OSBROOK, JOHN L., son of Daniel and Eunice 
 (Bates) Ho.sbrook, was born, November 15th, 
 1817, in Sycamore township, Hamilton county, 
 Ohio, on the farm adjoining his present resi- 
 dence. He was the fifth of a family of ten 
 children. His father was a native of New Jer- 
 sey, and although following through life the occupation of 
 farming he was at the .same time a skilful surveyor. He 
 became one of the earliest settlers of Hamilton county, and 
 united in promoting the best interests of the place. He 
 w.as the first Sheriff of that county, and was several times 
 elected a member of the State Legislature. His death oc- 
 curred in 1868. John’s mother was also a native of New 
 Jersey. Her son was early taught the principles of labor, 
 at the same time receiving a liberal education at the com- 
 mon schools ; afterwards improving himself by teaching 
 and reading. At the age of eighteen he began life as a 
 carpenter, and remained at this occiqration .about one year, 
 relying on his own exertions for support. Having, by per- 
 severing industry, fitted himself for surveying, he now 
 entered on the duties of this profession, which he has con- 
 tinued ever since, at the same time superintending his farm 
 and taking contracts for building. He is thoroughly versed 
 
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BIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 10 
 
 in nialheniatics, and in 1843 was elected Surveyor of Ilam- 
 iiton County, and being re-elected held the office for the 
 term of six years. lie was also County Engineer for 
 several years. He was for many years connected officially 
 with the School Board, and has always been actively inter- 
 ested in educational matters. He has also acted as Notary 
 Public for a number of years. He w.as married, January 
 7th, 1841, to Deborah, daughter of .Solomon Ferris, one of 
 the earliest and most successful settlers of Hamilton county. 
 Of this union there are two sons, Daniel and Asaph, who 
 are also surv’eyors and engineers, and are now officially 
 connected with the business of the counties in which they 
 reside, viz. : Hamilton county, Ohio, and Marion county, 
 Indiana; and one daughter, Mary, who' is an artist and 
 w.as last year a successful competitor for the medal at the 
 Cincinnati School of Design, and is also organist for the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church at Madeira. In politics, Mr. 
 Hosbrook is a Democrat. Pie is a prominent member of 
 the Methodist Church, having united with it when quite 
 young. His manner is quick and resolute. In private life 
 he is pleasant and affable, winning many friends. His 
 life has been well spent. Active and industrious, he 
 leaves no duties unperformed. 
 
 l-D 
 
 Y^ANE, colonel p. p., 
 
 A I C in N.assau, near .A.lbany, 
 1821, being the son of D 
 
 Manufacturer, was born 
 New York, October 5th, 
 David and Melinda I.ane, 
 both of whom were natives of Killingsworth, 
 Connecticut. For several years they 'lived in 
 New York, and moved to Ohio in 1828, locating 
 in Portage county when it was still a comparative wilder- 
 ness. They were compelled to cut a roadway through a 
 dense forest to reach the site where they intended for the 
 future to make their home. Being the oldest son. Colonel 
 Lane shared with his father in the rough and exhausting 
 labor incidental to placing heavily-timbered land in con- 
 dition for cultivation. The tract was to he cleared of thick 
 underbrush and closely-studded trees, buildings were to be 
 erected, and the turf, which before, perhaps, had not been 
 touched by civilized man, prepared for the sowing of crops. 
 In this taxing backwoods career he became habituated to 
 industry and economy, necessary in the support of a large 
 family, and to these traits thus developed he owes in a 
 great measure the success which has attended him in busi- 
 ness. The school system followed the pioneers, and in a 
 rudely-equipped school-house during the fall and winter 
 months, when the settlers w'ere somewh.at relieved of ardu- 
 ous farm labors, he obtained the rudiments of an education, 
 which in subsequent years, by close application to study 
 and a well-selected course of reading, he rendered very 
 comprehensive and thorough. M'hcn twenty-three years 
 of age he left home and went to we.stern Pennsylvania, 
 where he engaged in a lumbering enterprise. This fixed 
 
 his attention for two years, but was not profitable, though 
 he gave all his energy and attention to it. He then found 
 employment in the machine shop of Bill & Brother, at 
 Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, which suited his tastes and talent, 
 and in this new avocation he made rapid progress. Subse- 
 quently he worked in Massillon and Ashland, and in 1848 
 went to Cincinnati, where, until 1850, he w’orked as a jour- 
 neyman. In the latter year he started a small repair shop 
 on Pearl street, the room occupied being 17 by 40 feet, and 
 employed one journeyman. He prospered in this enter- 
 prise, making it a point to satisfy the demands of all his 
 customers. In the same year he married Sophia R. Bos- 
 w'orth. In 1852 he took into partnership with him Joseph 
 T. Bodley, a former fellow-workman, the firm being known 
 as Lane & Bodley. Their business grew' so steadily th.at in 
 1856 it was found nece.ssary to find larger quarters, and 
 they removed to the building of Reynolds, Kite & Tatum, 
 at the corner of John and Water streets, part of w'hich they 
 rented. In 1859 the latter firm suspended, and offered the 
 property for sale. Messrs. Lane & Bodley bought out the 
 entire establishment, and necessarily involved themselves in 
 a large indebtedness. They carried this safely, and with 
 every prospect of speedily clearing it, when the rebellion 
 broke out and deprived them of a large Southern trade, 
 which proved a serious blow to them. They conducted 
 their affairs with the utmost prudence, and in this way won 
 the confidence of their creditors, who granted them exten- 
 sions and saved them from impending failure. Both Mr. 
 Lane and Mr. Bodley were staunch Unionists, and so far 
 as their individual influence, which w.as not inconsiderable, 
 was available, they exerted it in supporting the adminis- 
 tration. Upon consultation they decided that one of them 
 should take the field, and the other remain at home to 
 cari-y on the business. Mr. Lane determined to join the 
 army, and within a few days he became a member of the 
 Home Guards, with the intention of entering the three 
 months’ service. The quota for this service was, however, 
 filled. In a short time came the call for three years’ troops, 
 and the Guards were accepted and went into camp at Camp 
 Dennison, where they were mustered into the nth Regi- 
 ment Ohio Infantry. Mr. Lane was elected Captain, and 
 in this capacity went with the regiment to West Virginia 
 under General J. D. Cox. His company was mainly com- 
 posed of mechanics, and they rendered most acceptable 
 service as pioneers in making roads, building bridges, ar- 
 r^inging ferries and in constructing fortifications. In 1862 
 they were assigned to the Army of the Potomac. Colonel 
 Coleman, who commanded the regiment, was killed at the 
 battle of Antietam, and at the unanimous request of the 
 surviving officers Cajilain Lane was commissioned to the 
 vacant Colonelcy. In 1863 the regiment was sent to 
 Nashville, where it joined the Army of the Cumberland, 
 and remained with it until its tenure of service expired. 
 Colonel Lane was a thorough disciplinarian, and his com- 
 mand soon gained the reputation of being one of the best 
 
102 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 organized regiments in the field. The men were intelligent 
 and soldierly in their bearing and qualities, and in the field 
 or on review always elicited the commendation of the di- 
 vision and corps commanders. The gallantry and bravery 
 of their colonel stimulated the men and rendered them 
 conspicuous in action. It was well said of them, “ They 
 were never called upon to do duty in the rear, except on a 
 retreat.” Upon his return from the army Colonel Lane 
 found to his gratification that his business had greatly pros- 
 pered under me careful management of his copartner, Mr. 
 Bodley, who was a man of excellent qualities in every 
 respect. He died in 1868, and the business then, in its 
 supervision, devolved principally on Mr. Lane. The works 
 of this firm are among the largest in the West, and are 
 favorably known in almost every section of the country, 
 and in foreign lands, by the excellence of their machines. 
 Colonel Lane was one of the organizers of the Cincinnati 
 Board of Trade, and is one of its most acti ve members. 
 The establishment of the Cincinnati Exposition was largely 
 due to his efforts, and since its inception he has been promi- 
 nently identified with its management. Mr. Lane went to 
 that city in 1848 with little money and with no acquaint- 
 ances to aid him with their sympathy or more material 
 support. He has progressed step by step, blending in his 
 business enterprise with energy and honorable dealing, and 
 has the satisfaction of knowing that his position in the 
 community has been earned by hard Labor, without any ad- 
 ventitious fortune. 
 
 yljRRILL, M. S., Principal of the Cumminsville 
 Intermediate and District Schools of Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, was born near Pleasant Ridge, Hamilton 
 county, Ohio, Eebruary 8th, 1831. His father 
 was a native of New Milford, Connecticut, from 
 which place his grandfather, Jared Turrill, emi- 
 grated in August, 1818, to Ohio. His mother was a 
 daughter of James Wood, who was one of the earliest 
 pioneers and settlers of Pleasant Ridge, to which place he 
 emigrated from New Jersey, in 1810, and purchased, at the 
 rate of fifty cents per acre, the land now constituting that 
 town. His earlier years were passed on the paternal farm, 
 and ill attending the district school, where he acquired the 
 primary elements of his present varied store of learning. 
 When fifteen years of age he became a student in the 
 Earniers’ College, at College Hill, Ohio, and graduated 
 from that institution in the autumn of 1851. Having de- 
 cided to embrace teaching as his profession, he applied 
 himself diligently to the acquisition of the needed qualifi- 
 cations, and, while pursuing his studies in the college, was 
 also occupied for three terms in imparting instruction. In 
 the early part of December of the same year he removed to 
 Cumminsville, and was first employed in the school district 
 west of that village. After three years’ efficient service he 
 was elected Principal of the Cumminsville Union School, a 
 
 position which, with but unimportant intermissions, he has 
 since occupied. During 1857-58 he presided as Assistant 
 Teacher in the Cincinnati Thirteenth District School, under 
 John B. Trevor. During 1867 he was engaged, in partner- 
 ship with his father-in-law’, Caleb Idngo, in the sash and 
 blind business in Cumminsville. The latter occupation, 
 however, w'as foreign to his tastes, and he shortly after 
 returned to his original profession. For five successive 
 terms he acted as Clerk of the incorporated village of 
 Cumminsville, and in 1868 was appointed by Judge E. F. 
 Noyes one of the Hamilton County Board of Examiners 
 of Teachers, serving three years in this capacity with John 
 Hancock, of Cincinnati, and A. B. Johnson, of Avondale. 
 In addition to his ordinary routine labors in the school- 
 room, he has contributed frequently to educational periodi- 
 cals, and also made many valuable reports of the State 
 Teachers’ Associations of Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky for 
 various newspapers. As a disciplinarian and an educator 
 his talents are unquestioned, while many of his former 
 pupils now fill honorable positions in public life in Ohio 
 and other States. Also as a geologist he has deservedly 
 acquired an extended reputation, and has collected a valu- 
 able cabinet of the leading minerals and fossils of Ohio and 
 environing States. He was married in 1862 to Mary L. 
 Lingo, and has a delightful residence on one of the many 
 beautiful knolls in the north part of the Twenty-fifth Ward 
 of Cincinnati. 
 
 ORRY, WILLLAM, Lawyer and first Mayor of 
 Cincinnati, was born, December i6th, 1779, in 
 Washington county, Virginia, being the son of 
 John Corry, an Irishman, and a farmer in the 
 valley of the Holston river, near Abingdon, Vir- 
 ginia. The latter, upon the call of Governor 
 ■Shelby, in October, 1781, for volunteers to pursue the 
 British General Ferguson, abandoned his plow in the field 
 and, mounting his horse, joined a company of cavalry as 
 lieutenant in this service of the State. He exposed himself 
 recklessly to the enemy’s fire on King’s Mountain, where 
 Ferguson made his last stand. The assault, repeated many 
 times, on his position by the Federal troops, was a terrible 
 one, hotly contested on both sides. Ferguson finally suc- 
 cumbed and surrendered to Governor Shelliy. Among the 
 fatally wounded was Mr. Corry, who died within half an 
 hour after having been shot through the body. He was 
 buried upon the battle field, his grave being near the .South 
 Carolina line. William, his son, was then but two years 
 of age. During his youth he was placed in an excellent 
 school, and obtained a substantial knowledge of mathe- 
 matics and of the English and ancient languages, a study 
 for which throughout his life he retained great taste. He 
 was for some time a student in Parson Doke’s Academy, in 
 Jonesboro’, Tennessee. As was customary at that time 
 William worked at intervals upon his mother’s farm, and 
 
F.KXiRArillCAL ENCVCLOI’AiDIA. 
 
 •03 
 
 continued in this division of his time between study and 
 labor until his twentieth year. Ohio was to be the scene 
 of his future career — a State founded principally by settlers 
 from Pennsylvania and New Jersey, with the exception of 
 that portion better known, perhaps, as the Western Reserve, 
 where New England people had located. Among the very 
 earliest emigrants was William McMillan, a lawyer of 
 merit, but of the plainest taste and manners. He reached 
 Ohio from Virginia in 1789, and subsequently purchased a 
 tract of land for his home embracing the present site of 
 Avondale, and this homestead he occupied until the time 
 of his death, in 1804. lie was tlie first Federal delegate to 
 Congress from the Northwest Territory, before the State 
 w.as organized. He was a graduate of Winn’s College, 
 S nith Carolina, from which institution he took his degree. 
 He loved books and sought the society of educated people. 
 It was owing to this love and to the impulse of his kinship 
 that, in 179S, he invited William Corry to come to Oliio 
 and enter his home as a member of his family. He had a 
 wife, but no children. His further inducement to Mr. 
 Corry was that in his office he might profitably study law 
 and fit himself for honorable practice. The invitation was 
 accepted, and for three or four years Mr. Corry remained 
 with his friend and preceptor, studying law and attending 
 to Mr. McMillan’s business, in and out of the profession, 
 while that gentleman was abroad. About the year 1803 
 Mr. Corry was admitted to the bar, and soon after his ad- 
 mission went to Hamilton and opened an office in partner- 
 ship with Mr. John Reily. They inhabited the same log- 
 cabin, being bachelors, and for some time remained unin- 
 terruptedly together. Mr. Reily was, however, appointed 
 Clerk of the Common Pleas of Butler County, and Mr. 
 Corry practised alone in the old office until his marriage, in 
 February’, 1810. His wife was Eleanor, daughter of 
 Thomas Fleming, of the “ Big Hill,” in Butler county, 
 who had emigrated from Frederick, Maryland, into the 
 beech and walnut forest of that locality, purchasing there a 
 tract of 400 acres, the difficult labor of clearing which de- 
 volved not alone upon him and his five sons, but upon his 
 daughters as well. Mrs. Corry often described these early 
 reminiscences in the tedious task of opening up the wilder- 
 ness to cultivation, in which she as well as her brothers 
 earnestly engaged. Under the provisions of Mr. McMil- 
 lan’s will his widow and ^^r. Corry were created executors, 
 she to have a life estate in the Avondale farm, and the 
 brothers and sisters of the testator to receive the residuary 
 estate. Mr. Corry, in order to see the farm properly culti- 
 vated, went to live upon the homestead; but a year’s resi- 
 dence there dissatisfied him, and he came to Cincinnati 
 with his wife and eldest son, whom he had named after his 
 deceased patron, William, and entered here upon the prac- 
 tice of the law. This was in 1811. He settled with the 
 late Ethan Stone, in a house on Main street, between Fifth 
 and Sixth streets, of which he shortly became the sole ten- 
 ant, and soon after purchased the property of its owner. 
 
 John Reily. His law office was in this building, and here 
 also for many years was kept the Cincinnati Library, of 
 which he was librarian. It was an old white frame double 
 house — a landmark in the city — where the Trustees of the 
 Cincinnati College and of the Ohio Medical College, Mr. 
 Corry being the secretary of the latter body, used to as- 
 semble for business. In 1817 and 1818 it became the office 
 of the Mayor of Cincinnati, when Mr. Corry himself, by 
 the suffrages of his fellow-citizens, was chosen first Mayor 
 of that new-born municipality. He served but one term, 
 having for his marshal during this period James Chambers, 
 whose very name “ was a terror to evil-doers,” and who 
 “ from the river flat-boats to the outskirt cabins made war 
 on all who failed to respect the law.” The infancy of the 
 new town had its characteristics. Lawlessness abounded, 
 weapons were indiscriminately carried and used on the 
 slightest provocation ; and bowie-knives, the broad blades 
 of which were riveted into iron or wooden handles, were 
 carried about for ornament and for tooth-picks ! The 
 mayor’s office, to which issues were adjourned in the ex- 
 pectation of a peaceful and judicial settlement, often became 
 the scene of bloody riot. But this was only for a time. 
 The determination of Mayor Corry, the coolness and daring 
 of his able lieutenant. Marshal Chambers, the rigor of 
 prison discipline, had its effect upon the sanguinary-dis- 
 posed part of the community. Mayor Corry disposed of 
 the many cases coming before him with deliberation, hand- 
 ing the prisoners under sentence over to the marshal, who 
 in turn delivered them to jailor Cunningham, who placed 
 them on a bread and water diet in the public jail at Fifth 
 and Market streets. Upon the expiration of his term as 
 Mayor, Mr. Corry resumed his professional duties, and was 
 moderately well compensated. He was a well-read and 
 skilful counsellor. His legal opinions were sound in their 
 interpretation of law and presentation of fact, and com- 
 manded the respect of his associates at the bar and the 
 antagonists in the actions at issue. His voice was low and 
 gently modulated, and his entire deportment was devoid of 
 the ostentation of those far inferior to him in ability and 
 experience. When he addressed court or jury it was with 
 diffidence and hesitation, without pretence to great power 
 of oratory, making capital points and presenting his argu- 
 ment clearly and forcibly, though not attractively. He had 
 less taste for politics than for law, the strifes and bickerings 
 of which were repugnant to him; but was, nevertheless, 
 .sent to the Legislature twice, and discharged his duty well. 
 It was not long before his genine ability and integrity of 
 character created a favorable impression in that body. The 
 party abuse and personal villification which, much more so 
 than in latter days, characterized the political campaigns of 
 that period, .so inoculated him with a distaste for public 
 service that he never after consented to enter it. His 
 friends urged him to a judicial career, for which his talents 
 especially qualified him, but he was averse to its labors and 
 responsibilities. He took pleasure in the prosperity of his 
 
104 
 
 BIOGRArniCAL ENCYCLOPy^EDIA. 
 
 friends and fellow-citizens, with whom he always lived upon 
 most excellent terms. His habits were sedentary, and his 
 passion, books of every description, giving preference to 
 historical and works on general liderature, rather than to 
 those on purely scientific subjects. He retained his love 
 for and mastery of the ancient languages to the last, and 
 felt the deepest interest in the education of his sons. His 
 wife was a lady of cultivated and literary tastes. She was 
 a member of the First Presbyterian Church, of which Rev. 
 Joshua L. Wilson was pastor. The entire labor of managing 
 and caring at home for her family of eight children rested 
 upon her, and heavily taxed her strength. She was a 
 woman of sincere piety, insiiired by an ardent and lasting 
 love for her husband and children. Mr. Cony, whose 
 health had been for some years declining, died in Cincin- 
 nati on the anniversary d.iy of his birth, December l6th, 
 1833, having reached the age of fifty-five. His widow sur- 
 vived him for nearly twenty years, dying in September, 
 1S52, and both lie together in Spring Grove Cemetery. 
 The character of Mr. Corry, judged Iry his walk in life, was 
 tint of an upright, inteliigent man; courteous in his man- 
 ners, generous in his impulses, retiring in public affairs, but | 
 enjoyable in social intercourse with his friends; devoted 
 to his family and to the welfare and progress of the city of 
 Cincinnati and the country at large. 
 
 UNT, JAMES C., Physician and Agriculturi.st, was 
 born in Sycamore township, Hamilton county, 
 Ohio, December 25th, 1814. He was the fourth 
 child in a family of twenty-one children, whose 
 parents were Isaac Hunt and Hannah (Carpen- 
 ter) Hunt. His father, a native of Somerville, ■ 
 New Jersey, followed through life the occupations of | 
 farmer, speculator and trader. He moved to Ohio at an 
 early date, 1790 or thereabout, and settled near Shaker- 
 town, WHrren county, whence he afterward removed to 
 Sycamore township, Hamilton county, and there purchased , 
 a farm, on which he resided until the date of his decease, j 
 in the meantime alternating his labors as a farmer with 
 numerous trips to the Southern States as a trader and 
 speculator. He was widely known as a valuable and , 
 public-spirited citizen, and during his residence in Hamil- 
 ton county held various offices of trust and importance. 
 In all, he made thirty-two trips by land from his home to 
 New Orleans, Louisiana, and about thirty-four by flat-boat 
 down the rivers. His death occurred in 1852. His mother 
 also was a native of New Jersey, and at an early day moved 
 with her father, James Carpenter, to Ohio, settling at 
 Columbia — with a blockhouse for a home — where the 
 family constituted the earliest settlers of that portion of 
 Hamilton county. His early education was limited in 
 degree and kind, and was obtained at the ordinary schools 
 of frontier settlements. At the age of twenty-one years he 
 
 began life on his own resources as a blacksmith, and during 
 the ensuing period of fourteen years he was constantly and 
 assiduously employed at his trade. In 1847 lie purchased 
 a farm in Union township, Butler county, Ohio, where he 
 was engaged in agricultural operations for about seven 
 years. This farm he disposed of by sale in 1854, and later 
 bought a fresh farming tract in Sycamore township, Hamil- 
 ton county, where he has since resided. In i860 he began 
 the practice of magnetic healing; and from this date down 
 to the present time has been occupied in attending to the 
 duties embraced in pathetising or magnetic healing. 
 Through life he has been a close reader and a keen ob- 
 server of men and events ; is very liberal in his religious 
 and political views ; has always evinced a zealous interest 
 in the advance of educational reform. Politically he is at- 
 tached to the Republican party. He was married in 1836 
 to Roda Ryan, a daughter of William Ryan, an early settler 
 and prominent farmer of Hamilton county, Ohio. She 
 died. May l6th, 1844, leaving issue of five children. He 
 was again married, November lolh, 1844, 1 ° Ann E. Els- 
 worth, a native of Pennsylvania, daughter of William Els- 
 worth, one of the pioneers of Hamilton county, and for 
 forty years a prominent educator of this section of the State. 
 
 f'OLLOWAV, GENERAL EPHRAIM S., Repre- 
 sentative in the Sixty-first General Assembly of 
 Ohio, was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, 
 July 27th, 1833, being the son of John and Lydia 
 (Dryson) I lolloway, the former of whom followed 
 the occupation of a farmer. His family were 
 among the earliest settlers of the State, his parents having 
 both been born in the same county as himself. His father’s 
 family came from Loudon county, Virginia, and his mother’s 
 from Redstone, Pennsylvania. Both his paternal and ma- 
 ternal grandparents settled in Columbiana county in 1801, 
 when Ohio was incorporated in what was then known as 
 the Northwest Territory. John Dryson, his maternal grand- 
 father, was one of the original surveyors of Ohio. General 
 Holloway w.as educated in the common schools of his 
 county, and followed the occupation of a farmer until 1857, 
 when he embarked as a builder, and remained thus engaged 
 until 1861. In October of that year he enlisted, raising a 
 company of volunteers, of which, upon its organization, he 
 was made First Lieutenant. He served four years and 
 three months in the army, in active service, participating in 
 all of the engagements with which his regiment partici- 
 pated, including all of those of the Army of the Cumber- 
 land, the Army of the Ohio, under General Buell, the army 
 under General Sherman in the Atlanta campaign, and 
 under General Thomas in the Nashville campaign. On 
 September Sth, 1862, he was promoted to Captain; Novem- 
 ber 6th, 1864, to Major; March 6th, 1865, to Lieutenant- 
 Colonel, and May 1st of the same year to Colonel. On the 
 
IJIOGKArillCAL ENCVCLOI'/EDIA. 
 
 recommendation of Major-Generals Z. J. \\ ood, David S. 
 Stanley, P. 11 . Sheridan and Lieutenant-General U. S. 
 Grant, he was brevetted to the important station of Brig- 
 adier-General for gallant and mcruorious services in the 
 held. His brevet rank dates from March 13th, 1865. He 
 assumed command of his regiment, the 41st Ohio \ olunteer 
 Infantry, on the 5th day of July, 1S64, while engaging the 
 enemy in a herce skirmi.sh near Chattahoochie river, 
 Georgia, and retained command until the regiment was 
 mustered out, gaining a splendid record for gallantry. He 
 was a good disciplinarian and strategist, and his regiment 
 was employed in many important missions, which were 
 always successfully carried out, and in a manner that won 
 the commendation of his superiors. Upon his return from 
 the army he re-embarked as a builder, which he followed 
 until March, 186S, when he was appointed Superintendent 
 of the Enterprise Agricultural Works of Columbiana, a 
 position requiring great executive ability, which he filled 
 with credit until September, 1S73, which time he re- 
 signed. In 1873 he was elected on the Republican ticket 
 to represent Columbiana county in the lower House of the 
 Ohio .Sixty-first General Assembly, and as a member of this 
 body he distinguished himself as an effective debater and as 
 an advocate of important reform measures. He was ap- 
 pointed as a member of the Committees on Insurance and 
 Public Printing, and has the reputation of an effective legis- 
 lator. In 1871 he purchased the Independent Register, of 
 Columbiana, which he has since edited and published. 
 This is a weekly paper with a deservedly high name, and is 
 in thriving circumstances. It represents the Republican 
 jrarty in that county, but deals with party issues in an inde- 
 pendent manner. General Holloway is an earnest advocate 
 of the temperance cause, and an active worker in favor of 
 popular education, using every endeavor and lending all his 
 influence to the improvement of the, system. He is in every 
 respect a self-made and self-educated man. His grand- 
 parents were prominent members of the Society of Friends. 
 1 le was married to Margaret Windel, of Columbiana county, 
 and five children has been the result of that marriage, four 
 of whom are now living, three sons and one daughter. 
 General Holloway was re-elected on the Republican ticket 
 to represent his county in the Sixty-second General As- 
 sembly. 
 
 ^'^^,ODDS, HON. OZRO J., Lawyer, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Ohio, March 22d, 1840. He is of 
 Scotch lrlsh extraction. His father, William B. 
 Dodds, a native of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was 
 formerly a prominent safe manufacturer, but is 
 now at the head of one of the savings banks of 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. His earlier education was received in 
 the common schools of his native city, and he graduated at 
 the Hughes High School in 1858. In the same year he 
 entered the freshman class at Wabash College, in Indiana, 
 
 'I' 
 
 14 
 
 105 
 
 and, finishing the junior year in i860, matriculated at 
 Miami University, Oxford, Ohio. He would have com- 
 pleted his course at this institution in the summer of 1861, 
 but the aspect of the rebellion becoming' ominous he raised 
 a company known as the University Rifles from among his 
 fellow-students, and, becoming attached to the 20lh Regi- 
 ment of Ohio Volunteers, served under General George B. 
 McClellan in West Virginia during the three months’ ser- 
 vice. At the expiration of his term he recruited another 
 company, which became Company E, of the 8ist Regiment 
 of Ohio Volunteers, and continued in that command until 
 October, 1863. He was then commissioned by Hon. 
 Edwin M. Stanton, on the recommendation of General G. 
 M. Dodge, commanding the 2d Division, 15th Army Corps, 
 Lieutenant-Colonel of the ist Regiment of Alabama Cav- 
 alry, recruited from among the sturdy mountaineers of 
 northern Al.abama. After the close of the conflict he re- 
 turned to Cincinnati, where he began the study of law with 
 Hon. Stanley Matthews. He was admitted to the bar in 
 the fall of 1866, and since then, excepting the interruptions 
 attendant on the occupancy of official position, has been 
 constantly and successfully occupied in the practice of his 
 profession. In 1S69 he was elected to the Legislature of 
 Ohio, and in 1872 was elected, on the Democratic ticket, 
 to the Forty-second Congress, as Rejiresentative of the First 
 District, to succeed Hon. Aaron F. Perry, resigned, receiv- 
 ing a majority of 2268 votes over his competitor, Hon. 
 Charles P. Taft. At the expiration of his official term he 
 again devoted himself solely to the practice of law, and 
 now takes rank as one of the leaders at the Cincinnati bar. 
 He is a trustee of the McMicken University, at Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, and has held this position since January, 1875. 
 
 NTIIONY, JOHN, was born in Cincinnati on the 
 l8th of November, 1828. He is of French de- 
 scent, his father having been a native of Paris. 
 His boyhood was passed amid poverty and hard 
 work, and he is, in the most literal sense of the 
 term, a self-made man. His educational advan- 
 tages were of the most limited description, and in all his 
 life he never went to school six months, taken all together. 
 But this want of school advantages was not sufficient to 
 keep from him all learning. He was a close and industri- 
 ous reader and a keen observer, and these characteristics 
 more than counterbalanced the absence of scholarly re- 
 sources. At the early age of eleven years he was compelled 
 to rely upon himself for support, and he proved equal to the 
 emergency. He became an assistant in a Cincinnati brick- 
 yard, and this position furnished him occupation and sup- 
 port for five years. Then he became a teamster and dray- 
 man, and worked hard in this calling until the year 1857. 
 In that year he was a])pointed a member of the ]>oIice force 
 under Mayor 'Phoinas. He served on the force under 
 
io6 
 
 BIOGRAFIIICAL ENCVCLOP.BDIA. 
 
 Mayor Thomas for about a year, and was reappointed to 
 the position when Mayor Bishop commenced his adminis- 
 tration. After serving about eight months under Mayor 
 Bisliop lie resigned his position to enter upon the duties of 
 Constable in the Fifteenth Ward. For the eight succeeding 
 years he continued to fill the position of Constable, and at 
 the end of that time he was appointed by Mayor Wilstach 
 to the position of Ideutenant of Police. He served as Lieu- 
 tenant for two years and then resigned his position. He 
 had been elected Magistrate in 1869, and entered upon the 
 duties of his new position. This office he has continued to 
 hold ever since, having been re-elected at the expiration of 
 each term. In politics he is a Republican, his first vote for 
 President having been cast for General John C. Fremont. 
 An idea of his popularity may be gained from the fact that 
 he was the only Republican elected in Hamilton county in 
 1874. He was married, on the iSth of September, 1850, 
 to Martha O. Frost, a native of Pennsylvania, and a family 
 of five children has gathered about them. 
 
 OGAN, PA PRICK J., Manufacturer and Member 
 of Council, was born in Ireland on the 7th of 
 March, 1838. Being the favorite of his grand- 
 parents he was early taken under their care and 
 sent to school. This was a Catholic school, and 
 such as the church could then afford, his grand- 
 parents taking the not very advanced view, entertained by 
 many even now, that only such learning as could be ob- 
 tained in the schools of the church would be of any use in 
 the world. At the age of eight, in 1846, he came with 
 these good old pieople to America. They located in New 
 York city, but in 1848 they found it to their advantage to 
 move to Cincinnati. Here, at the age of thirteen, young 
 Hogan left home and started life for himself in a saw factory. 
 This rare trade he soon learned, and at the age of sixteen 
 became foreman of the shop. After remaining five years in 
 this factory he concluded to travel, according to the custom 
 in Europe, and perfect his knowledge of his trade by work- 
 ing in various towns. This he did, working in different 
 cities until the breaking out of the rebellion. But in the 
 meantime he was married to Catherine Connell. The war 
 now commencing, he was the first to answer the call of his 
 adopted country, and entered the ist Kentucky Regiment 
 as a private soldier. After carrying a musket nearly two 
 years, he left the army and joined the Quartermaster’s de- 
 partment of the army. In this and other positions he served 
 until late in the year 1864, when he left the army and estab- 
 lished a manufactory for the manufacture of saws in Cincin- 
 nati. This establishment now exists under the firm-name 
 of Hogan & Louden. From the time of starting the success 
 of this house has been unparalleled in the history of manu- 
 facturing, having an unbroken record of growth and pros- 
 perity ; few manufactories in the city being able to present 
 
 such a history of success from the beginning. This house 
 has invented, perfected and patented some valuable macliin- 
 ery in connection with the manufacture of saws. Some of 
 these inventions are in the name of Mr. Hogan. Many of 
 these, from which they have secured patents from the gov- 
 ernment, lie unused in their hands, business necessities pre- 
 venting their introducing them to the country. Almost the 
 entire attention of this establishment is directed to the manu- 
 facture of the larger kind of saws, power, scroll, cross-cut, 
 and the vast variety of circular saws ; this being now one 
 of the two establishments in Cincinnati engaged exclusively 
 in the manufacture and introduction to the trade of their 
 own saws. After the war Mr. Hogan became actively con- 
 cerned in the politics of his ward ; being a man of extremely 
 social and affable manners, and withal of fine personal ajj- 
 pearance, he soon became very popular, the result of 
 which was his election to the Council in 1872; with increas- 
 ing favor he was again elected to the same body in 1874. 
 He now finds himself in great demand in his parly, and de- 
 servedly popular. Mr. Hogan is a gentleman of great 
 natural ability, and although Ids literary attainments were 
 not of the highest character, yet his contact with the busi- 
 ness world and his characteristic command of words gave 
 him great force in a political body. Mr. Hogan has already 
 shown his faculty of success in politics as well as business. 
 He is now barely in the prime of life, with a vast store of 
 mental and physical force, which should give him a long 
 life and useful career. 
 
 ECKETT, WILLIAM, Lawyer and Paper Manu- 
 facturer, son of Robert and Mary Crawford 
 Beckett, was born in Butler county, Ghio, on 
 the 17th of March, 1821. After obtaining the 
 rudiments of education and fitting himself for 
 college, he entered the Miami University, in his 
 native county. He graduated here in the class of 1844, 
 winning the degree of A. B. After leaving college he 
 studied law with Hon. John Woods, of Hamilton, and was 
 admitted to the bar in the year 1846. He commenced the 
 practice of his profession in Butler county, but very soon re- 
 linquished the idea of a career at the bar and embarked in 
 the extensive manufacture of paper, which he has ever since 
 continued. He possessed ample means, and was charac- 
 terized by great executive ability, and aside from his regular 
 manufacturing business he has engaged, from time to time, 
 in various other branches of business enterprise. His real 
 estate operations have been on a very extensive scale; and 
 he has made directly from his own property, or been largely 
 interested, as a financial speculation, in no less than sixteen 
 additions to the city of Hamilton, besides being interested 
 in similar enterprises, no less important, in other sections. 
 I'or fifteen years he has been a Director of the Cincinnati & 
 Dayton Railroad Company, and was one of the chief stock- 
 holders, as well as one of the original projectors, of the 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 107 
 
 Hamilton & Indiana Junction Railway. In this enter- 
 j)rise, through complications growing out of the financial 
 crash of 1869, he lost a quarter of a million dollars. In the 
 public affairs of his community his influence has been very 
 largely felt, and his name has been prominently identified 
 with nearly every measure looking to the material improve- 
 ment of Hamilton. He has encouraged the establishment 
 of manufacturing enterprises there by private donations of 
 land to companies and firms willing to bring their business 
 to the place. His interest in the cause of popular education 
 has had much to do with the elevation of the tone of the 
 common schools of Hamilton. He is a Republican in poli- 
 tics, and was a delegate to the National Republican Con- 
 vention in Chicago, which nominated Abraham Lincoln for 
 the Presidency in i860. He has been frequently a member 
 of the Republican County Committee, and in 1869 he was 
 induced to become a candidate for the State Senatorship. 
 His opponent was a man no less distinguished than the Hon. 
 Ferris D. Campbell, but although defeated, it was by a small 
 inaArity. This was the only occasion on which he ever 
 consented to be a candidate for political honors. He mar- 
 ried, on the 22(1 of September, 1846, Martha Woods, the 
 daughter of his preceptor, Hon. John Woods. Eight of 
 their eleven children, three daughters and five sons, still 
 survive. 
 
 ^ECKETT, DaWID, Major in the Union Army, 
 ^ was born, in the year 1838, in Butler county, Ohio, 
 I his parents being Robert and Mary Crawford 
 ^ Beckett. He was educated at the Miami Univer- 
 sily> where he graduated in i860. In the year 
 1861, on the breaking out of the war of the rebel- 
 lion, he entered the Union army as a private soldier. In 
 1862 he w.as made a Captain, and in 1863 he was promoted 
 to the rank of Major. He participated in the battles of 
 I' redericksburg. Second Bull Run, Antietam, Gettysburg, 
 I-ookout Mountain and Kenesaw Mountain. At the battle 
 of Kene.saw Mountain he was killed, leaving behind him a 
 reputation for gallantry and manliness which all might envy. 
 He left a wife, but no children to bear his name. 
 
 ® EFF, PETER, retired Merchant, was born, March 
 31st, 179S, at Frankford, near Philadelphia, Penn- 
 sylvania. The family emigrated to this country 
 from Switzerland before the American revolution. 
 When he was very young his father died, and the 
 means of the family being all required for the sup- 
 port of his mother and sisters, he was early taught the ne- 
 cessity of making a living for himself. He received careful 
 instruction in the plain branches of an English educ.alion. 
 At the age of fourteen he left school and became a clerk in 
 Philadelphia. During this time, and in fact during life, he 
 
 neglected no opportunity for self-improvement. His pen- 
 manship was remarkably clear and distinct, and in all mer- 
 cantile and arithmetical calculations he attained a marked 
 prominence. The interruption of business during the war 
 of 1812 threw him out of employment, but when peace was 
 proclaimed he again obtained a clerkship, and from that 
 time was enabled to support himself without depending upon 
 the family for assistance. His close attention to business 
 induced a favorable proposition for copartnership from Mr. 
 Charles Bird, a prominent hardware merchant of Philadel- 
 phia, who desired to establish a branch at Baltimore, and 
 Mr. Neff, at the age of twenty, became a partner in that 
 business, with which he was at that time unacquainted. He 
 soon mastered this branch of mercantile business in all its 
 details, while his sterling integrity of character soon obtained 
 for him a credit, which he has preserved untainted during 
 more than fifty years of active business life. In June, 1824, 
 Mr. Neff, with his brother Mhlliam, visited Cincinnati ; al- 
 though the city then numbered but a few thousand inhalii- 
 tants, he proposed that if his brother would leave Savannah 
 and reside in Cincinnati he would join him in the whole- 
 sale hardware business, and would continue to reside in 
 Baltimore and make all the purchases for the firm. The 
 proposition was accepted, and the brothers, together with 
 John and George, the only remaining male members of the 
 family, united in forming the first importing hardware house 
 west of the Alleghenies. Peter only was acquainted with the 
 business, and he made all the purchases for the firm. He 
 went to Cincinnati, marked the goods and fixed the price, 
 which was firmly adhered to. On his return trip Mr. NelT 
 was twenty-three days reaching New York by the most 
 direct route. The facilities of the new firm and their high 
 commercial credit .soon led to fortune. In 1827 Mr. Neff 
 married Mrs. Isabella Lamson (Freeman), a lady as remark- 
 able for her mental ability as her personal graces, whose ad- 
 vice and assistance through life were of very great value to 
 him. Her death occurred March 6th, 1844, and was the 
 severest trial he ever experienced ; he never remarried. In 
 1828 Mr. Neff established a business house in Louisville, 
 Kentucky, which was very successful, and in 1838 it was 
 united with his Cincinnati house. In 1835 he removed 
 from Baltimore to Cincinnati, where he has since resided. 
 .At the time of the death of his accomplished and lovely 
 wife his attention was directed to the necessity of a cemetery 
 for the city, and by his exertions and the assistance of other 
 gentlemen .Spring Grove Cemetery was purchased by sub- 
 scription. It is celebrated for the extent and beauty of tbe 
 grounds and the costliness and variety of its monuments. 
 Mr. Neff has always been a liberal, iiublic-sjiirited Christian 
 citizen, ever ready to aid in promoting the welfare and jiros- 
 ]ierity of the city and the cause of good morals and religion. 
 The temperance reform found in him one of its best friends 
 and earliest advocates. Mr. Neff earnestly and zealously 
 advocated the establishment of the Chamirer of Commerce 
 for the adjustment of difficulties among merchants. The 
 
loS 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.'EDIA. 
 
 enteiprise was crowned with success, and he was appointed 
 one of its first Vice-Presidents. The improvement of the 
 architecture of business houses of the city received his at- 
 tention in 1850; and to his enterprise, sagacity and example 
 the Queen City is indebted for many of its beautiful build- 
 ings. He has always manifested a deep interest in the 
 education of the young, especially in their religious training, 
 and the Sabbath-schools have found in him a liberal bene- 
 factor and wise counsellor. The organization and estab- 
 lishment of the Poplar Street Presbyterian Church is due to 
 him, and credit is given to him for personal supervision and 
 liberal contributions to the same. For more than thirty 
 years he has been a member of the Second Presbyterian 
 Church, and for many ye.irs President of the Board of 
 Trustees. During the war of the rebellion he took very de- 
 cided ground in favor of the United States government. 
 As Chairman of the Finance Committee of Hamilton county 
 he directed the movement and took a very active part in 
 raising the amount, ^250, 000, which prevented a draft in 
 the county. During the “Kirby .Smith raid” he was un- 
 tiring in his efforts, and the 1st Reserve Regiment will bear 
 witness to his zeal and devotion. Now in his seventy-eighth 
 year, hale, hearty and vigorous, his time is chiefly spent in 
 the development of his property in the western portion of 
 the city; where he often receives visits from many whom he 
 has aided with loans of money and advice, and thus saved 
 from financial ruin ; such a life is useful and successful, and 
 will be more fully appreciated in the future, when the tri- 
 umphs of peace shall receive the honors which are justly 
 its due. 
 
 
 EVIS, JAMES A., Farmer, was born, November 
 6th, 1810, in Colerain township, Hamilton county, 
 Ohio, being the second of twelve children, whose 
 parents were Jesse and S.rrah (Martin) Bevis. 
 His father, a native of Pennsylvania, followed 
 
 facturin; 
 
 through 
 ' pursuits. 
 
 life agricultural, mechanical and manu- 
 
 He was a man of decided originality as 
 an inventor. His remote ancestry were of Irish, Scotch 
 and English extraction, while his immediate ancestors were 
 Pennsylvania Dutch. In 1 797 Jesse Bevis went from the 
 Dutch settlements of Pennsylvania to Ohio, making his way 
 down the Ohio river on a flatboat, and located in Colerain 
 township, where he filled the vocations of a farmer, a manu- 
 facturer and a mechanic. In 1810 he constructed a flat- 
 boat on the Great Miami river, near Venice, and loading it 
 with pork, flour and other provisions, he waited for a rise of 
 the water, and when it came passed out into the Ohio, 
 making a slow and difficult passage to New Orleans, where 
 he disposed of his produce. With the proceeds of his sale, 
 a few hundred dollars in silver and gold, belted about his 
 person, he footed the entire distance back to his home, 
 through forest wilds thickly infested with savages. He died. 
 May 4th, 1868, in his eighty-sixth year, in Colerain town- 
 
 ship, and the community keenly felt the loss of a pure and 
 enterprising citizen. His wife, a native of Virginia, died 
 February 25th, 1873, 'n the eighty-third year of her age. 
 The early education of James A. was limited, and was ob- 
 tained in the common schools of his native district. In his 
 youth he was employed on his father’s farm, attending to 
 his studies only in seasons when farm laltor was in part sus- 
 pended. Arriving at his majority, he set out as a farmer 
 upon his own resources, and in connection with this pursuit 
 commenced distilling. By industry and enterprise he early 
 laid the foundation of a competency, which he now enjoys. 
 He has always resided in his native township, and has be- 
 come one of its most ju'ominent citizens. On May 9th, 
 1834, he was married to Margaret Ramsey, who was born 
 in Colerain, Hamilton county, and was the daughter of 
 John Ramsey, an early settler in that section of the State. 
 By this marriage he became the father of six children. For 
 six years Mr. Bevis was Justice of the Peace, and he has 
 occupied other township offices, discharging their duties 
 with fidelity and intelligence. He has taken an active in- 
 terest in educational matters, and has been prominently 
 identified with the School Board. While he is a Republi- 
 can in his political affiliations, he has, though often urged to 
 accept party nominations for positions of high trust, uni- 
 formly declindd. He is tolerant in his religious opinions. 
 His entire life has been one of quiet usefulness, characterized 
 by industry, enterprise, fine social qualities and generous 
 impulses. Temperance in language and in habit has been 
 with him a constant rule of conduct, and he lives to enjoy 
 the respect of his neighbors. His wife died September 
 27 th, 1870. 
 
 ARMEYER, HENRY, Magistrate, is a native of 
 Cincinnati. He was born there on the 3d of 
 March, 1842, and was the oldest of the six chil- 
 dren of Rudolph Harmeyer and Louisa Kall- 
 meyer, natives of Hanover, Germany. His father 
 came to America early in life, settled in Cincin- 
 nati, and there worked at his trade, that of stone mason, 
 until his death from cholera, in the year 1S49. In the 
 same year, and of the same dreadful disease, the mother 
 also died, and the children were left orphans. Henry, 
 happily, was able to attend the public schools in Cincinnati, 
 and so laid the groundwork of the education which he had 
 early set his heart upon obtaining. When he was fifteen 
 years of age he went to work upon a farm in Greene town- 
 ship, Hamilton county, and conlinued to work there for 
 some two years. He was not well satisfied with his condi- 
 tion there, however, and at the end of the two years, desir- 
 ing to see more of the world, he ran away from his em- 
 ployer and guardian, got a situation as a deck hand on a 
 steamboat on the Ohio river and went to New Orleans. He 
 remained there only a few days, and then he shipped on a 
 vessel as a sailor before the mast. He made a trip to Liver- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPH^DIA. 
 
 109 
 
 pool and back in ibis capacity, and on his return went back 
 10 Cincinnati, going up the river on a steamboat as a pas- 
 senger from New Orleans. He went to work in Cincinnati, 
 and worked steadily at whatever his hands found to do until 
 the breaking out of the war of the rebellion. That offered 
 him a new field, and in 1861 he enlisted in Company I, of 
 the 6th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He remained in the army 
 three years and three months, and during his term of service 
 participated in the battles of Chickamauga and Mission 
 Ridge, besides being in numerous skirmishes and minor en- 
 gagements. At the battle of Mission Ridge he was wounded, 
 being shot through the lower part of his head. On account 
 of this wound he was sent to the Cincinnati Hospital, and 
 after his recovery was employed as baggage-master at the 
 hospital during the remainder of his term of enlistment. In 
 the fall of 1864, after leaving the army, he returned to 
 Greene township, where he again went to work at farming. 
 He continued so to work with great assiduity until another 
 year had passed. Then he returned to Cincinnati and en- 
 gaged in mercantile pursuits. He continued in this line of 
 business until the year 1870. In that year he was elected 
 Constable of the old Seventh Ward, and to this position he 
 was re-elected four limes. In the fall of 1875 he was elected 
 Magistrate of Cincinnati township. For the responsible 
 duties of this position he is admirably fitted by education, 
 e.xperience and the upright integrity of his character. He 
 is a man of temperate life, pleasant social characteristics, 
 strict justice and large and intelligent observation. He is a 
 Protestant in religion, and a Republican in politics. He 
 was married in 1863 to Harriet Powner, of Greene town- 
 ship, Hamilton county, Ohio. 
 
 OBLE, JACK.SON M., Superintendent of the Street- 
 Cleaning Department of Cincinnati, was born in 
 Clermont county, Ohio, April 30th, 1817. He 
 was the second child in a family of seven children, 
 whose parents were Henry Noble and Mary 
 (Mitchell) Noble. His father, a native of Mary- 
 land, was engaged in agricultural and mercantile pursuits, 
 and settled in Clermont county at an early day. He was a 
 participant in the last war with Great Britain, and served 
 under General Harrison in the battle of Tippecanoe. He 
 was a member of the City Council of Cincinnati for several 
 terms, and for a long time officiated also as Coroner of 
 Hamilton county. He died in 1866 in Cincinnati, to which 
 place he had removed in 1826. His mother, a native of 
 Maryland, died in Cincinnati in 1834. His early education 
 was obtained at the common schools of the original settle- 
 ments. While in his eighteenth year he applied his atten- 
 tion to the trade of carpentering, which he subsequently 
 followed, as apprentice, journeyman and master builder, suc- 
 cessively, until 1854. In that year he eng.agcd in the roof- 
 ing business, with which he has since been more or less con- 
 
 tinuously connected. For three consecutive terms, from 
 1856 to 1861, he was a member of the City Council; and 
 in the latter year was elected City Treasurer, the duties of 
 which office he performed efficiently for the ensuing two 
 years. In 1868 he was appointed Presidential Elector for 
 the Second Congressional District of Ohio, and in the course 
 of the same year received the nomination for Auditor of the 
 county, but, with the entire ticket, was defeated. In 1873 
 he was appointed Superintendent of the Street-Cleaning De- 
 partment of Cincinnati, which position he still fills. Politi- 
 cally, he is attached to the Democratic party, and cast his 
 first vote in favor of Martin Van Buren. He was married, 
 f'chruary 17th, 1843, Louisa H. Francisco, a native of 
 Cincinnati, and is the father of nine children. 
 
 ONES, M. IL, Lawyer, was born in Georgetown, 
 District of Columbia, P'ebruary 13th, 1825. His 
 parents, natives of Maryland, settled finally in 
 Georgetown, which w'as the home of the family 
 until the death of its male head, Frederick P. 
 Jones. His mother with her family then removed 
 to Ohio, and settled at Mechanicsburg, wdrence later she 
 moved to Piqua. There his preliminary education was 
 acquired. After engaging for a brief period in teaching 
 school, he commenced the study of law with S. S. McKin- 
 ney, of Piqua, and in 1848 was admitted to the bar. He 
 then entered on the practice of his profession, in which he 
 has since been constantly and successfully engaged. In 
 1851 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney, and was twice 
 re-elected, serving in all six years. In 1857 he was elected 
 to the I.egislature from Miami county, and served two terms. 
 In 1863 he was appointed a Commissioner of Enrolment f< r 
 the P'ourth Congressional District, which position he resigned 
 after serving about eighteen months. Politically, he has 
 been attached to the Republican party since its formation. 
 He was married in 1851 to jane \V. Wood, of Piqua, Ohio. 
 
 CFARLAND, WILLIAM H., Clergyman, was 
 born, June iqlh, 1832, near New Athens, Har- 
 rison county, Ohio. His father was born in Ire- 
 land, and his mother in Pennsylvania. His 
 parents being industrious, frugal, energetic and 
 upright, he had much better than an average 
 home training, and a fair common school education, for 
 which he was indebted chiefly tojiis father. At sixteen he 
 entered Franklin College, New Athens, Ohio, where he 
 graduated wdth honor at twenty-two. When twenty-five he 
 graduated at the Theological Seminary at Xenia, Oh.io. In 
 1859 he accepted a call to become pastor of the United 
 Presbyterian congregation of Cambridge, Ohio. In August, 
 1862, he was elected and commissioned Chaplain of the 
 
 I 
 
I lO 
 
 BIOCRAPIIICAL ENCYCLOr.tDIA. 
 
 97th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in whicli he served 
 acceptably and successfully for nearly three years. At the 
 close of the war he was tendered a commission as Chaplain 
 in the regular army, but declined to accept it. Returning 
 to Cambridge he resumed his pastoral labors in the congre- 
 gation, which had refused to accept his resignation. His 
 congregation has now four times as many members as when 
 he became its pastor in 1859. It is, perhaps, the most pros- 
 perous United Presbyterian congregation in Ohio, having 
 received nearly five hundred members within ten years. It 
 has also recently completed a very handsome church, seat- 
 ing a thousand persons. lie seems well pleased with his 
 situation, although tempting offers have been made to him 
 from much larger and more important places. lie was mar- 
 ried, .\pril 26th, 1871, to l.izzie J. Hanna, New Athens, 
 Ohio. 
 
 ANNA, MAJOR JAMES J., Attorney-at-Law, 
 Mayor of the City of Springfield, Ohio, was born 
 in Hari ison county, Ohio, October 7th, 1839. He 
 is the son of Janies Hanna and Margaret (Fulton) 
 Hanna. His father, also a native of Harrison 
 county, was a farmer. His mother was born in 
 F'ayette county, Pennsylvania. He received his preliminary 
 education at the Franklin College, in his n.ative county, and 
 graduated from that institution in the class of i860. January 
 25th, 1862, he enlisted in the Union army as a private for 
 the term of three years, and was elected and commissioned 
 Captain of Company K of the 69th Regiment of Ohio Vol- 
 unteer Infantry. This force was assigned to Buell’s army, 
 operating in Kentucky and Tennessee, and participated in 
 the battles of Stone River, Chickamauga, Lookout Moun- 
 tain and Mission Ridge, and took part also in the engage- 
 ments of the Atlanta campaign. After the battle at Stone 
 river he was promoted to the rank of Major for gallant and 
 meritorious service on the field. At Mission Ridge he com- 
 manded the regiment, and was handsomely noticed in the 
 official report of that engagement. His health failing, he 
 obtained leave of absence after the battle of Atlanta, and 
 returned for a brief visit to his home, while the army under 
 Sherman struck across Georgia to reach the sea. He at- 
 tempted to rejoin his regiment at Moorchead City, via New 
 York and Savannah, and failing to do this, upon reaching 
 the latter place after the enemy had departed for Carolina, 
 commanded a detachment of the 14th Army Corps, and was 
 employed in post duty for about two months. After which, 
 and near the termination of the conflict, he again returned 
 to his home and commeneed the study of law. The winter 
 of 1867-68 he spent in the law department of the Michigan 
 University, at Ann Harbor, Michigan. In the latter year 
 he was admitted to the bar in Columbus, Ohio, and entered 
 on the practice of his profession at Springfield. In 1871 he 
 was elected Mayor of the city, on the Re|niblican ticket, and 
 in 1873 re-elected to the same office. He still con- 
 
 
 tinues his professional labors, and is widely and favorably 
 known as a lawyer and an upright citizen. In his capacity 
 of Mayor he has served with great credit to himself, and 
 loyally guarded the best interests of his constituency. He 
 was married, Sejjtember 7th, 1869, to Fannie L. M’Fadden, 
 of Cadiz, Harrison county, Ohio. 
 
 OWEN, DANIEL DUANE TOMPKINS, 
 Lawyer, was born in Moorefield, Harrison 
 county, Ohio, on January 20th, 1826, being the 
 son of the late Benjamin Sprague Cowen. From 
 a very early age until December, 1832, he at- 
 tended school in Moorefield, and upon the re- 
 moval of his jiarents to St. Clairsville, at that time, he be- 
 came a student of its common schools. He was then sent 
 to Cadiz, Ohio, where he studied the classics until the fall 
 of 1841. His father, intending him for the bar, desired that 
 he should acquire first, as indispensable to a thorough ap- 
 prehension of law and its application to science, a knowl- 
 edge of medicine. To this end he read under Dr. John 
 Ale.xander of St. Clairsville, and upon the completion of a 
 full course he entered upon the study of law with his father 
 and Hugh J. Jewett. On January 20th, 1847, his twenty- 
 second birthday, he was admitted to practice at Columbus, 
 and at once commenced his professional duties at St. Clairs- 
 ville, occupying the office formerly used by his father, who 
 had just been elected to the bench. His practice was be- 
 gun under most favorable auspices, and became rapidly 
 large and remunerative. In 1851 he was elected Prose- 
 cuting Attorney of Belmont county, and was honored by 
 re-elections in 1853 and 1855. Upon the resignation of 
 Judge Okey, one of the incumbents of the Common Pleas 
 bench for that district, Mr. Cowen was appointed by the 
 Governor to fill the vacancy. He was a delegate to the 
 Ohio Constitutional Convention of 1873, and was one of its 
 ablest members, filling positions on important committees, 
 and framing many articles for incorporation in, and urging 
 needed amendments to the organic law of the State. From 
 1854 until 1862 he was on the Board of School Examiners 
 of Belmont county. He was one of the originators of the 
 First National Bank of St. Clairsville, which was organized 
 in April, 1S64, and ever since its commencement of business 
 he has filled its Presidency. In 1862 he was appointerl 
 Lieutenant-Colonel of the 526 Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and 
 served with that command, and for the greater portion of 
 the time in charge of it, until February, 1863, when he re- 
 signed on account of the illness of his wife. He was, on 
 March 28th, 1848, married to H. F. Martin, of F'ayette 
 county, Pennsylvania, who died in May, 1864. On August 
 8th, 1865, he married her sister, Anna E. Martin. Mr. 
 Cowen is the oldest practising lawyer at the St. Clairsville 
 bar, and has a large and influential clientage. He has been 
 retained in almost all the important civil and criminal actions 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 Ill 
 
 which have engaged the attention of the local coiuts, and 
 has distinguished himself for his ability as a consulting at- 
 torney and pleader. While upon the bench his rulings and 
 decisions confirmed popular opinion of his thorough legal 
 training, and his wisdom in clear and conclusive interpreta- 
 tion of the laws. His arguments, whether addressed to 
 juries or to the court sitting in banc, have always been 
 models of lucid analyzation of fact, and faultless interpreta- 
 tion and application of the authorities. As Mayor of the 
 city, and as a member of municipal depaitments, he excited 
 every effort to improve the material welfaie of his fellow- 
 citizens. In all his labors, private and official, he has dis- 
 ]i!ayed signal tact and learning, and unquestionable integiity, 
 and is rewarded with the respect of the entire community. 
 
 ^OR.SEY, GODWIN VOLNEV, M. D., President 
 of the Citizens National Bank, ex-State Treasurer, 
 was born in Oxford, Batler county, Ohio, Novem- 
 ber 17th, 1812, being the only son of James Max- 
 well Darsey. The Darsey family originally settled 
 in Maryland over two hundred years ago, and 
 succeeding generations have continued their residence in 
 that State up to the present time, not merely perpetuating 
 the family name but rendering it one of the mo:^t reputable 
 known in that section of the country. The names of Major 
 Edward Dorsey and John Dorsey, Esq., appear on the com- 
 mission appointed in 1694 to lay out the town of Annapolis, 
 or, as it was then called, “Anne Arundel’s Towne ; ” and 
 in locating the public buildings it was provided, as shown by 
 records still extant, that “ that part of the lands which lye on 
 ye creeke by Major Dorsey’s house, whereby his excellency, 
 G ivernor Nicliolson, now lives, be set aside for public 
 buildings, and if in case ye same happens to come within 
 any of the said Major’s lottes, propose that land be given 
 him elsewhere for it.” One year afterwards the same gentle- 
 men headed a committee which procured funds and built 
 the first Episcopal church in the new city. From these 
 early Maryland families the name of Dorsey spread exten- 
 sively through that State and into Pennsylvania, Virginia, 
 and even Kentucky and Mississippi. Major James Maxwell 
 Dorsey, the father of Godwin Volney Dorsey, removed to 
 Ohio from Baltimore in 1809. For one year he lived in 
 Cincinnati, and then settled in Oxford township, Butler 
 county. This was in 1810. For many years succeeding he 
 was connected with Miami University, having the care of 
 the lands and the charge of the work of erecting the college 
 buildings. He acted, in addition, as Treasurer of the Board 
 of Trustees. During the war of 1812 he commanded the 
 Odd Battalion, raised in Butler county, which afterwards 
 rendered valuable services on scouting expeditions in the 
 western and northwestern parts of the State. It was at 
 Miami University that Godwin Volney Dorsey was educated. 
 Upon leaving this venerable institution he studied medicine 
 
 with Dr. John O’P’errall, of Piqua, Miami county, and with 
 Professor John Eberle, of Cincinnati. Immediately after 
 graduating from the Ohio Medical College in 1836, from 
 which institution he took his degree of M. D., he entered 
 upon practice in Piqua, and in a very short time, by his skill 
 and care in the discharge of his professional duties, he se- 
 cured a very large and influential patronag^, svliich he re- 
 tained without interruption for more than twenty-five years. 
 Although there were many inducements for his withdrawal 
 for a time from his practice, he allowed none to influence 
 him in his steadfast purpose of winning a standard reputation 
 for ability. His political affiliations were originally Lleino- 
 cratic. He became a disciple of the old Jeffersonian school, 
 casting his first Presidential vote for Martin Van Buren 
 in 1836. In 1848 he was an Elector on the Democratic 
 ticket, and supported General Cass for the Presidency. He 
 was elected from the strong M’hig district, comprising Miami, 
 Darke and Shelby counties, a Senatorial delecate to the Con- 
 vention of 1849, " hich formed the new Con.stitution of Ohio; 
 and though acting and voting uniformly with the Democrats, 
 he refused to allow himself to be drawn into the weakness 
 of endeavoring to incorporate mere party politics in an in- 
 strument which w'as to be the organic law of the whole 
 State and of all parties. He introduced and carried suc- 
 cessfully through that body the present self-regulating ap- 
 portionment scheme for State Senators and Representatives, 
 a scheme which gave general satisfaction to all parlies at that 
 time, and which still satisfies them. Prior to the assembling 
 of this Convention each decade witnessed in the State Legis- 
 lature scenes of bitter partisan contests, and ihe introduction 
 of the most flagrant and indefensible plans for an apportion- 
 ment of the districts to favor and continue the success of 
 the dominant party at the time. Dr. Dorsey proposed to 
 the Committee on Apportionment the measure now em- 
 bodied in the Constitution, as a remedy for this constantly- 
 recurring evil. Pie also drew up that clause of Ihe Consti- 
 tution, to be found in section vii. of article 13, in reference to 
 the investiture of associations with banking powers. In the 
 memorable Know-Nothing contest of 1854 he was defeated 
 for Congress, as was every Congressional candidate of his 
 party in the State. In 1856 he was a delegate to the Na- 
 tional Democratic Convention at Cincinnati, and advocated 
 the nomination of Mr. Buchanan. He w'as again placed in 
 the field for Congress, when Mr. Buchanan w’as the standard- 
 bearer of the Democratic party, and although he ran ahead 
 of that distinguished gentleman in his district, he sustained 
 another defeat. In 1857 he was the Democratic candidate 
 for State Auditor, upon the ticket with Hon. R. P. Ranney 
 for Governor. In i860 he became an ardent supporter of 
 -Senator Douglas for the Presidency, and differed with Mr. 
 Buchanan on the question of the Lecompton Constitution 
 for Kansas. He was one of the original anti-slavery Dem- 
 ocrats, having been a member of'the Committee on Resolu- 
 tions in the Democratic Convention of 1848, which drew 
 1 up the celebrated anti-slavery resolution of that year. 
 
BIOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 1 12 
 
 When the civil war broke out, and before Mr. Lincoln was 
 inaugurated, Dr. Dorsey openly declared himself in favor 
 of sustaining the administration, and from that time his 
 energies, his influence, his material aid were all generously 
 given in aid of the Union cause. He wrote the celebrated 
 “Statesman Letter,” published originally in that paper at 
 Columbus, and afterwards in every paper in the State, ad- 
 vocating the formation of a Union party, and which did 
 more perhaps than any one thing in organizing that party 
 in the State. lie became a candidate in i86l for State 
 Treasurer on the Union ticket, and was elected by the 
 largest majority of any one on the State ticket. In 1863 he 
 was again elected to the same office, which he resigned iii 
 1S65. On the 8th of January, 1864, he delivered by request 
 a Eulogy on General Andrew Jackson before both Houses 
 of the General Assembly, at Columbus, and in the same 
 year was one of the Senatorial delegates to the Baltimore 
 Convention, and advocated the renomination of Mr. Lin- 
 coln. During the years 1863 and 1864 he was Chairman 
 of the Republican Executive Committee of Ohio. In 1868 
 he was chosen by the Electoral College, on the Grant and 
 Colfax ticket, a Senatorial Elector, to till the place made 
 vacant by the death of Governor D.avid Tod. He served 
 as a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1873, and 
 distinguished his service in that body by advocating the 
 adoption of reform measures, which he ably and eloquently 
 sustained. For twenty years he was a member of the Board 
 of Trustees of Miami University. He was the first President 
 of the Piqua Hydraulic Company, and is now President of 
 the Citizens’ National Bank of Piqua. The ability of Dr. 
 Dorsey, in the profession of medicine and in the field of 
 politics, of education and of business enterprise, may be 
 fairly estimated from this record. There are few, perhaps, 
 who have so well merited the confidence and respect of 
 their fellow-citizens as he, and few have discharged the 
 varied and responsible duties imposed upon them with 
 greater energy or greater fidelity. He was married, June, 
 1837, to N. M. McCorkle, daughter of Hon. John Mc- 
 Corkle, of Piqua. In 1S56 he was married to L. P. Mor- 
 row, daughter of D. Tuttle, Esq., of Indianapolis. 
 
 IlOYCE, HON. GEORGE \V., Member of the Ohio 
 Legislature, was born in Columbiana county. May 
 3d, 1840, being the son of Isaac and Jane (Brady) 
 Boyce, both of whom were of Irish descent. His 
 father was a lumber dealer and a farmer, and was 
 highly esteemed by bis neighbors. George W. 
 had meagre advantages for culture in early life, but these 
 he improved in the highest degree possible. He was am- 
 bitious for liberal and substantial culture in the most prac- 
 tical and popular branches, and to this end he entered the ' 
 University of Ohio, at Athens, after attaining his majority, 
 and sustained himself by teaching. He graduated in 1867, 
 
 taking the degree of A. B., receiving subsequently, in 
 course, the degree of A. M. Upon leaving this institution 
 he started an academy at Savannah, Athens county, which 
 soon attained a flourishing condition and took bigh rank as 
 a school for instruction. Having, however, previously 
 registered for the bar, he disposed of this institution at the 
 end of a year and entered the Cincinnati Law School, from 
 which he graduated in 1869. During this course of study 
 he read law under the private supervision of Judge Stover, 
 of the Superior Court, and became thoroughly fitted for 
 memljership of the bar, to which he was admitted. He at 
 once associated with W. F. Boyd, and entered into practice, 
 in which he made rapid progress, attaining gradually to the 
 position of a leading lawyer. In 1873 he was elected on the 
 Democratic ticket to represent Cincinnati in the Sixty-first 
 General Assembly of the State, and is still a member of that 
 body. He is Chairman of the Committee on Revision, and 
 a member of the Committee on Finance. He is a clear 
 and logical debater, an active worker, and has participated 
 prominently in all the proceedings of the Assembly since 
 his entrance to it. He has the reputation of being a. thor- 
 oughly-read lawyer, familiar with all branches of practice, 
 careful in the management of all cases intru.sted to him, 
 and faithful to the interests of those who seek his skill and 
 confidence. 
 
 OWE, ANDREW J.\CKSON, Surgeon, was born 
 in Paxton, Worcester county, Massachusetts, in 
 1826. His early years were passed on a farm. 
 He receiv'ed a classical course at Leice.ster Acad- 
 emy, and graduated at Harvard College in 1853. 
 During this year and the following one he took 
 courses of lectures at the Jefferson Medical College, Phila- 
 delphia, and afterwards hospital instruction in New York. 
 After graduating at the Worcester Medical Institution he 
 was appointed Professor of Anatomy in his Alnta Mater. 
 In 1S56 he accepted the same position in the Eclectic 
 Medical Institute, of Cincinnati. In 1870 he brought out a 
 “Treatise on Fractures and Dislocations,” and was trans- 
 ferred to the chair of Surgery. In 1873 he wrote a 
 “ Manual of Eye Surgery,” and has in an advanced state 
 of preparation a general work on the “ Principles and Prac- 
 tice of Surgery,” designing most of the illustrations with his 
 own pencil. The subject of this sketch has exhibited in- 
 ventive talent in the construction of instruments, and in the 
 execution of difficult operations. He has successfully per- 
 formed most of the great operations in surgery, and many 
 of them repeatedly. He has frequently been called long 
 distances as an expert witness in malpractice trials, and is 
 familiar with nice points in medical jurisprudence. He 
 illustrates his lectures with striking diagrams of his own 
 make and with crayon sketches rapidly drawn while speak- 
 ing. He is a constant contributor of surgical pajiers to the 
 Eclectic Medical Joztrual, ’and an occasional writer for 
 
BIOGRAPIIICAI. ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 popular and scientific periodicals. He has also acquired I 
 distinction in comparative anatomy, and is an active mem- 
 ber of the Society of Natural History. Dr. Howe stands ( 
 to-d.ay among the leading men and teachers in his school ; 
 in the ^Vest, and ranks as one of the first surgeons of the 
 country. His scholarly attainments give him some advan- 
 tages over his brethren, being one of the finest speakers and 
 most successful teachers of the distinguished medical men 
 of the' day. Dr. Howe has a large and valuable practice, 
 is yet in the prime of life, with a fine body and constitution, 
 and with the prospect of a bright and useful career before 
 him. 
 
 0 'to 
 
 f 
 
 
 ■' ELIS, S. H., Worthy Master of the State Grange 
 of Ohio of Patrons of Husbandry, was born near 
 Martinsville, Clinton county, Ohio, January 3d, 
 1830. His father, Robert Ellis, was born in 
 Tennessee, and at the age of eighteen removed j 
 with his father to Ohio, where, in young man- ] 
 hood, he married Susan Lewis, who died in a few months 
 after marriage. Seth’s mother’s name was Anna Hackett, 
 who, in young womanhood, married James Moon, and 
 from this marriage had one child, a daughter. Soon after 
 the birth of this child her husband died ; in course of time j 
 Robert Ellis and Anna Moon were united in marriage. ! 
 Their first child, being a daughter, was named Susan Ellis; j 
 and their second, being a son, was named James M. Ellis, | 
 thus preserving the name of the husband of one and the ' 
 wife of the other in the family. This union, which con- 
 tinued more than fifty years and was one of unusual happi- I 
 ness, was terminated by the death of Robert Ellis, in | 
 March, 1874, at the age of seventy-nine years and six ' 
 months. His widow, Anna, is still living. The early edit- ' 
 cation of the .subject of this sketch was confined to the 
 usual three-months district school of each winter until he 
 reached his seventeenth year, when he had the privilege of 
 attending for a year in succession the school in Springboro’, 
 under the instruction of an excellent instructor, Charles 
 Kimble, who took great interest in his advancement. At 
 the close of this year’s schooling he received a certificate 
 from the Examiners of Warren county, Ohio, to teach 
 school, said certificate good for two years. He afterwards 
 obtained a certificate in Montgomery county, on which he 
 taught school six months. In August, 1851, just before 
 commencing the latter school, he was united in marriage to 
 Rebecca J. Tressler, who was born and reared on a farm 
 adjoining the one where they now live, one and one-half 
 miles east of Springboro’. From this union they have five 
 girls and two boys, of whom the eldest daughter, Evan- 
 geline, is married to A. M. Somers. Mr. Ellis has been a 
 practical farmer ever since he commenced business for 
 himself, in the spring of 1852. At the organization of | 
 Grange No. 6, in Ohio, of Patrons of Husbandry, October 
 1st, 1872, he was unanimously chosen to be its principal [ 
 
 '5 
 
 1 1 
 
 officer, or Master; and at the expiration of this term of office 
 he was again re-elected. He was appointed soon after his 
 connection with the order, by the national officers, as a 
 General Deputy, to organize subordinate granges in Ohio. 
 I!y the ist of the following April he had organized over 
 seventy granges. On the 9th day of April, 1873, ^he mas- 
 ters of the various subordinate granges in the State (it then 
 being located in the following counties, viz. : Stark, Portage, 
 Hocking, Montgomery, Clinton, Vinton, Clermont, Greene 
 and Warren) met at Lebanon, Warren county, and with the 
 assistance of Mr. T. A. Thompson, of Minnesota, Worthy 
 Lecturer of the National Grange, organized the State 
 Grange of Ohio. Of this organization his associates chose 
 Mr. Ellis to be its chief officer, that of Worthy Master, the 
 election to last for two years. At the expiration of this 
 period, in March, 1875, 1 ’*^ again nearly unanimously 
 re-elected to the same position for another term of two 
 years. The granges in the State having increased up to 
 that time, under his efficient leadership, to over 1 too, with a 
 membership of over 50,000, his labors in this good work 
 have been incessant, and next to his family and the church 
 has lain nearest his heart. His position as the chief officer 
 in the State has led to the acquaintance of many of the 
 best men and women in Ohio, he having in this capacity 
 formed acquaintance, more or less intimate, with persons 
 in every county in the State ; and having the office of State 
 Master places the resjionsible duty of representing the order 
 in Ohio in the National Grange upon Mr. Ellis and his 
 wife, which position they have filled in three meetings of 
 the National Grange, the first at St. Loui;, Missouri, the 
 second at Charleston, .South Carolina, and the third at 
 Louisville, Kentucky, the latter commencing November 
 17th, 1875. At this meeting Mr. Ellis was chosen Chaplain 
 of the National Grange for the next three years. The 
 biography of Colonel William H. Hill will give the reader 
 an idea of the business transacted by this noble association 
 of farmers. 
 
 RUHL, GUSTAVUS, M. D., was born. May 31st, 
 1826, in the village of Herdorf, in the Prussian 
 province of Rhenania, where his father was pro- 
 prietor of mines and smelting furnaces. He re- 
 ceived a classical education at the colleges of 
 Siegen, Muenster-Eiffel and Treves, where he 
 graduated, then studied medicine, philosophy and history 
 at the universities of Munich, Halle and Ilerlin, and after 
 having passed the required examinations he was honored 
 with the degree of M. D. He was induced to come to 
 America in 1848, partly by the difficulty of finding success- 
 ful practice in a field already overstocked, and partly by 
 the fever of emigration, then at its height in Germany, 
 and which was fanned in him by the inviting letters sent 
 him by his uncle, John Gerlach llriihl, a resident of 
 Missouri. Upon his arrival he started en route for Missouri, 
 
>4 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL E \ CYC LO ICE I ) I A . 
 
 hut on his way down the Oliio the boat in which he took 
 passage was laid up at Cincinnati on account of low water, 
 ('■oing on sliore he encountered a relative of his mother’s 
 family, who persuaded him to settle permanently in that 
 city, lie opened an office at the corner of Laurel and Linn 
 streets, and soon established himself in a lucrative practice 
 by the exercise of skill and care in the performance of his 
 profe.ssional duties. P’or several years he was Acting 
 Physician of St. Mary’s Hospital. He lectured for a while 
 in the Miami Medical College on laryngoscopy and diseases 
 of the throat, but refused a chair of Obstetrics, offered him 
 by several medical colleges. In the summer of 1869 he 
 accepted the editorship of the German Pioneer, a monthly 
 magazine devoted to the “ History of the German Inhabi- 
 tants of America,” for which he had furnished many im- 
 portant papers. He resigned this position upon the con- 
 clusion of the second volume, in 1870, but continued to 
 contribute sketches from time to time on topics of interest 
 to the readers of the magazine. Among these were articles 
 on belles-lettres and scientific subjects, and poems in the 
 German language. He issued a volume of German verse, 
 entitled “ Poesien des Urwalds von Kara Giorg,” the latter 
 being his noni de plnme. This volume was issued in New 
 York, in 1871. Several of his poems were published in 
 Steiger’s “ Dornrosen ” and “ Ileimathgriisse,” anthologies 
 of German-American verse. For years he has turned his 
 attention to the study of yVmerican archaeology, and de- 
 livered many lectures on this topic before different literary 
 and scien'.ific societies. The results of his investigations 
 are now being published in a work entitled “ Die Cultur- 
 volker Alt- Americas,” the first part of which has already 
 appeared in print. He is one of the curators of the His- 
 torical and Philosophical Society of Ohio, a member of the 
 American Medical Association, of the Natural History 
 Society and of the Literary Club of Cincinnati, and was one 
 of the originators of the Peter Clavcr Society, in 1867, for 
 the education of poor negro children. During the Franco- 
 German war, in 1870-71, he was President of the Sanitary 
 .'\id .Society of Cincinnati, and jiresided at the Peace Jubilee 
 held in that city. He was lately a member of the University 
 Board of Cincinnati, and is still one of the Board of Ex.am- 
 iners of Public .Schools. Dr. Briihl is a man of scholarly 
 culture, both in the arts and sciences. He is a patient, 
 though an enthusiastic, investigator, and his labors have 
 thus far been highly beneficial to his profession, and 
 through this profession to the public. He has taken a 
 deep interest in the improvement of popular education, and 
 has suggested and helped to carry out many reforms. He 
 has supported all steps for the material and moral welfare 
 of his adopted city, and in this manner has earned the 
 esteem of the community. His political affiliations are 
 with the Democratic party, and in a number of campaigns 
 he has been one of the most eloquent and effective of its 
 German speakers. While absent iir California, in 1871, his 
 party honored him with the nomination for State Treasurer, 
 
 and, though not elected, his great popularity in the State 
 was shown by the heavy vote which he polled, and which 
 was the highest on his ticket. 
 
 ’’CKEL, HERMANN, was born, March 27lh, 1826, 
 in Woellstein, Rheinhessen, near Bingen. His 
 father, John Peter Eckel, was the county drug- 
 gist in this wealthy and beautifully situated little 
 town, and was widely known in the community 
 as a gentleman of high professional attainments, 
 liberal views and humane principles. His prominent trait 
 was a tender love for his children, united with a peculiar 
 ability to impress them strongly with a sense of the beauti- 
 ful in nature. Until his eleventh year Hermann had no 
 other schooling than that afforded by the country school of 
 his native village. In the spring of 1837 he was sent to 
 Darmstadt, and there undertook the higher curriculum of 
 the “ Realschule,” and afterwards that of “ Polytechnicum.” 
 The records of both these higher institutions show that he 
 advanced and graduated with honors. At the desire of his 
 parents he chose the fields of pharmacy in which to serve 
 the usual apprenticeship. He was accordingly articled at 
 Knonberg, Nassau. In 1844 he passed, before the Faculty 
 of the Medical College of the Grand Duchy of Hessc- 
 Darmstadt, the examination necessary to qualify him ns 
 pharmaceutist’s assistant. After serving in this capacity in 
 different cities he returned to Darmstadt in 1852 and com- 
 pleted his pharmaceutical course in the laboratory of the 
 Polytechnic School, under his former teacher and paternal 
 friend. Professor F. Moldenhauer. Here in the autumn of 
 1852 he had become the dux in his class and the orator for 
 the chemical section at the public exhibition. This duty 
 he performed in a manner that elicited for him flattering 
 notice in the Dannsiadt Gazelle. In 1S53 he passed the 
 “ Staats Examen,” an ordeal which qualified him to set up 
 for himself as a regularly licensed pharmaceutist or drug- 
 gist. This same 3’ear, 1S53, he came to ,\merica. It was 
 Hermann’s great love of freedom, probably, above every- 
 thing else that induced him to come to this country. Soon 
 after arriving in Cincinnati he began work in his profession, 
 and in a few years, with some of the customary thrift of his 
 countrymen, he was able to do business for himself. For 
 nearly twenty years he has had his store where it now is. 
 He is one of the most scholarly and spirited of our German 
 population, and ranks among leading men of his country in 
 Cincinnati. For ten years at least it is but fair to say that 
 he has been the champion of German in the public schools. 
 Mr. Plckel maintains that while English is the language of 
 this country, such a respectable number of the German 
 patrons of the school desire their children to speak and 
 read the German that it is but just that the German .should 
 be thoroughh' taught, as any other branch, in the schools. 
 
BIOGRArillCAL EN’CYCLOP.'EDIA. 
 
 >15 
 
 During the memorable crusade, in 1874, Mr. Eckel was 
 one of the first to speak, at a public meeting of Germans, 
 against interference by sumptuary enactments against what 
 was termed the right of the citizen. In lS6l he was first 
 elected a member of the School Board of Cincinnati. With 
 an intennission of one year he has been a member of that 
 body ever since. Several times he has been favored by the 
 nominations from both political parties. His anti-Catholic 
 and liberal educational views, and his bold advocacy of the 
 c.mse of the Gennans, doubtless, above everything else, 
 produce this in his favor. IMr. Eckel has won the reputa- 
 tion of a skilful druggist. He engages in nothing in a half- 
 way manner, but devotes himself earnestly to anything he 
 undertakes. While this is the true state of the case, it is 
 also true that he has not accumulated wealth to such a 
 degree as most of his countn-men. By his keen insight, 
 indomitable will and his great pluck, together with his 
 knowledge of German pedagogics, he has probably more 
 than any other member of the .School Board been instru- 
 mental in eradicating many supposed errors in the English 
 and German methods of teaching. Although he is, in a 
 sense, the patron of the German in the schools, he came 
 into the Board not for the Germans as an element, but as a 
 citizen, with a deep interest in the schools and a determina- 
 tion to do all he could for their highest good. His work, 
 therefore, in the schools has been as an American. In the 
 famous Bible question Mr. Eckel made one of his greatest 
 efforts against the continuance of the Bible in the schools. 
 On the great question of the division of the fund in favor 
 of the Catholic Church he was one of its bitterest opponents, 
 and on the visit of nineteen members of the Board to the 
 residence of the archbishop he was the spokesman. He is 
 not a church member or a Christian in any sense of the 
 word. This position of course makes him a target for all 
 parties; yet the boldness, address and good humor, as well 
 as the ability and earnestness of the man, insure his success. 
 A year ago, realizing his insufficient provision against the 
 changes of the future, he began to study modern alchemy, 
 and thinks he has bee.n rewarded by finding the ])hiIoso- 
 pher’s stone. He has now perfected a process for enamel- 
 ling iron, from his own manipulation, without aid from any 
 similar process. This he justly deems the greatest work 
 of his life, and thinks “ there is a tide in the affairs of men 
 that leads to fortune,” and believes that a competency now 
 awaits him and his children. Although not a Christian, he 1 
 is yet disposed to the view that “ there is a Providence j 
 that shapes our ends, rough hew them as we may.” Mr. 
 Eckel is thoroughly republican, and in adventurous times | 
 would l)e a leader of radical forms of right or thought ; he 
 is .scholarly and has a strong literaiy tendency; has written I 
 considerable and belongs among the members of the ration- 
 alistic school of ideas. He is as full of hope and vigor as 
 life itself, and believes, as he belongs to a family of men 
 noted for their longevity, that his friends and country may 
 demand his service, with propriety, thirty ye.ars hence. 
 
 15 
 
 RAH.\M, WILEI.YM A., Wholesale Druggist, 
 was born in Westchester county, New York, Jan- 
 uary 9th, 1821, where he spent his early years 
 ^ and received his education. Removing to New 
 York city in 1839 he entered upon a clerkship in 
 ^ the drug house of Graham & Co., and remained 
 connected with this establishment until March, 1845, when 
 he went to Zanesville, Ohio. In company with David 
 Maginnis he started a drug house, under the firm-name of 
 Maginnis & Graham, in that place, and the partnership was 
 continued until 1850, when Mr. Maginnis retired, leaving 
 the control of the business entirely to his partner until the 
 latter admitted Messrs. Willis Bailey and J. D. Porter to an 
 interest in the house. Under the able direction of Mr. 
 Graham and his associates the establishment largely in- 
 creased its transactions, and earned the reputation of being 
 one of the best and most reliable drug houses in the State. 
 In 1847 Mr. Graham married Sarah V., daughter of Dr. 
 John Hamm, an ex-State Senator of Ohio, and, under the 
 administration of President Jackson, Minister of the United 
 States to Chili. From the date of its organization, in 1864, 
 he has been a large stockholder and a director of the Eiret 
 National Bank of Zanesville, and was.one of the most en- 
 ergetic promoters of the Ohio Iron Company, of which for 
 many years he was a director. He is a gentleman of un- 
 usually brilliant business qualifications, possessing excellent 
 financial ability and the requirements of efficient executive 
 management of mercantile and industrial works. His ex- 
 perience has been a varied and valuable one, and as the 
 senior member of one of the oldest wholesale drug houses 
 in the West he has become known to and esteemed by the 
 business community of Ohio and neighboring States. He 
 has at all times manifested great interest in the improve- 
 ment of Zanesville, and erected a large warehouse on Main 
 street, as well as one of the handsomest residences in that 
 section, which his family now occupies. His' support to 
 meritorious business as well as municipal enterprise has 
 always been willingly given, and in his entire career as a 
 me, chant and private citizen he has acted in a manner to 
 win and retain the respect of the community in which he 
 lives. ■ He has amassed a large fortune, and is at the same 
 time one of the most liberal as well as one of the most 
 prominent citizens of Zanesville. 
 
 'ale, benjamin T., Farmer, of Mill creek 
 township, near Bondhill, Hamilton county, was 
 born near Lewistown, Delaware, Ajiril 21st, 
 1805. He was the fourth child in a family of 
 seven children, whose parents were Jacob Dale 
 and Charlotte (Truitt) Dale. His father, who 
 followed through life mercantile, mechanical and agricul- 
 tural pursuits, died in Worcester county, Maryland, January 
 20th, 1816, where he had settled at an early day. His 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 ii6 
 
 mother’s decease occurred also in Maryland, January 25th, 
 1823. His boyhood was passed alternately in labor ami in 
 study, the former occupying, however, the greater portion 
 of the time. At the age of seventeen he was placed to 
 learn the trade of plastering, in Worcester county, Maryland, 
 where, and also in adjoining counties and in Virginia, he 
 worked at his trade until 1829. He subsequently moved to 
 Ohio, and settled in Cincinnati, having journeyed over the 
 mountains on foot, his wife in a six-horse wagon. At 
 M'heeling they took deck passage on a boat running down 
 the Ohio river. On his arrival he found himself the pos- 
 sessor of $igo. He then went at once to work at his trade, 
 at $1.25 per day, as journeyman. In the ensuing year he 
 established himself in business on his own account, carrying 
 it on for three years in connection with Julius V. Thomason. 
 At the expiration of this time the partnership was dissolved, 
 and he sustained the business alone until the year 1852. 
 His eldest son, James, then became his partner in business. 
 Their last important job was the plastering of the fine, large 
 St.ate House at Columbus, Ohio. He was a citizen of Cin- 
 cinnati until 1857, when he retired from his regular business 
 and his home in the city and settled on his farm, in Mill 
 Creek township, where he has since permanently resided, 
 principally engaged in agricultural pursuits. He was Com- 
 missioner of one of the Special Road districts of IMill Creek 
 township, and for five years was a member of the City 
 Council of Cincinnati. In 1S51 he was elected to the State 
 I.egislature, and served for two years. Since the expiration 
 of his term he has declined a renomination for the same 
 office. Politically, he is attached to the Democratic party, 
 and cast his first vote in favor of General Jackson. In the 
 educational, political and religious movements he has al- 
 ways manifested a zealous and generous interest, and has 
 been a valued co-worker in many enterprises which have 
 had for ultimate issue the welfare of the community in 
 which he has resided and the more speedy development of 
 the interests of his State. He was married, PJecember 25th, 
 1828, to Deborah N. Millburn, a native of Accomac county, 
 Virginia. They were iilessed with ten children ; three of 
 them are now living, and reside in Cincinnati. 
 
 
 
 (':-(^ONES, GEORGE W., is the eldest son of John 
 Davies and Elizabeth Jones,, and was born in the 
 city of Cincinnati on the 26th of October, 1826. 
 He graduated among the “honor-men” in his 
 class at Kenyon College, at Gambler, Ohio, in 
 1846, having while a student received the ben- 
 efits of the tuition of such esteemed men of learning as 
 Bishop McTlvaine, President Bronson, Professor Ross and 
 other reputable scholars connected with that institution, at 
 which some of our ablest jurists and distinguished doctors 
 of divinity have received their diplomas. After the com- 
 pletion of his collegiate course he entered the dry-goods 
 
 business, in August, 1S46, and in the following year became 
 the “buyer” for the firm of J. D. & C. Jones & Co., of 
 which he was in 1848 made a partner, and continued as a 
 prominent member of this active mercantile firm and that 
 of Jones Brothers 8; Co. until the dissolution of the latter 
 house, in July, 1865, at which date the firm of George W. 
 Jones & Co. was created, of which he was the principal, 
 for the prosecution of the same business so well established 
 by the former copartners. In July, 1869, he retired from 
 business and devoted his attention to the management and 
 control of his large farm, located at Jones’s Station, in 
 Butler county, Ohio. He was Chairman of the Executive 
 Committee and Treasurer of the first Exposition, held in 
 Cincinnati in 1869, which was styled the “ Exposition of 
 Textile Fabrics.” The success then achieved in this com- 
 paratively small way — in making the public acquainted with 
 the products of home manufactories — laid the foundation 
 for more enlarged plans for effecting far more satisfactory 
 results, and now our industrial expositions have become 
 the well-recognized annual occasions for the exhibition of 
 articles of American skill and workmanship, as well as for 
 the influx of a large population to our metropolis, curious 
 and desirous of seeing and examining the products wrought 
 by our skilled artisans, or beholding the progress made in 
 matters of science. The whole nation have been made 
 familiar with the realizations of our expositions, and it is 
 not an unreasonable deduction to suggest that our govern- 
 ment obtained from Cincinnati the idea w hich w ill develop 
 into the far-famed “ Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia 
 in 1876.” In 1S70 Mr. Jones was elected President of the 
 Voting Men’s Mercantile Library Association of Cincin- 
 nati, as the candidate of the Independent party, and in this 
 official position w'as instrumental in making the change in 
 the constitution making any man eligible to membership ; 
 and in recognition of his merits as a man of energy and 
 influence he w’as elected President of the Miami Valley 
 Insurance Company, in July, 1871, under whose manage- 
 ment this corporation has become one of the most success- 
 ful companies of the kind in Ohio, if not in the country : 
 its present favorable condition being in no small degree 
 attributable to the labors and judgment of its President. 
 In 1872 he was Treasurer of the Cincinnati Board of Trade, 
 and was delegated by the Chamber of Commerce to act as 
 Commissioner of the Cincinnati Industrial Exposition for 
 1873; and being reappointed he was subsequently unani- 
 mously chosen as President of the Board of Commissioners 
 for the Exposition of 1874, and also acted as a member 
 of the Executive Committee of the Musical Festival Asso- 
 ciation, held in Cincinnati in May, 1873 and 1875. In 
 1849 Jo'ie'^ married Jane O. N. Tibbatts, daughter 
 
 of Hon. John Tibbatts, ex-Member of Congress from Ken- 
 tucky, and granddaughter of General James Taylor (now' 
 deceased) of the same .State. From the above brief outline 
 of the positions held by the subject of this sketch, and of 
 his active jiarticipatioii in the affairs of men, we discover 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EAXYCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 the character and qualifications which have commended 
 him to the favorable consideration of the community in 
 which he still lives. 
 
 R(D\VN, BENJAMIN, Revolutionary Captain, 
 was horn on the 17th of October, 1745, at Lei- 
 cester, Massachusetts. He was of English de- 
 scent, his grandfather, the first settler in the 
 town of Hatfield, on the Connecticut river, 
 having come to this country from England when 
 a youth. It was a fighting stock from the earliest days, 
 and this founder of the family was many times engaged in 
 the Indi.an wars that formed so large a part of the history 
 of the country in those days. His son. Captain John 
 Brown, the father of Benjamin, served with credit in the 
 Colonial army during the Phench war, and was present at 
 the taking of Louisburg and Cape Breton. He rendered 
 peaceful service also, and during the Revolutionary war and 
 for many years afterwards he represented the town of Lei- 
 cester in the Legislature of Massachusetts. Until he was 
 thirty years of age he shared the usual life of the New 
 England citizen, a life full of toil and hardship, but full also 
 of rugged enjoyment and rigid integrity. In February, 
 ■775) "'hen he had reacheil his thirtieth year, had married 
 and had a little family about him, he enlisted in a regiment 
 of Mi.iute-men, and, without fully knowing what he had 
 done, had helped form the basis of the Revolutionary army. 
 In the May following he received the commission of lieu- 
 tenant and Commissary, and in the next month — the historic 
 month of June, 1775 — he participated in the battle of Bun- 
 ker Hill. In the year 1777 he was commissioned a Captain 
 in Colonel Michael Jackson’s regiment, Massachusetts line, 
 of which Dr. John Brooks, afterwards Governor of Massa- 
 chusetts, was Lieutenant-Colonel, and William Hull, after- 
 wards of bad fame, was Major, and took part in nearly all 
 of the battles preceding the surrender of General Burgoyne. 
 In some of these engagements he specially distinguished 
 himself by his gallantry and daring. So highly were these 
 qualities in him appreciated that he wxs tendered the po- 
 sition of Aide-de-Camp on the staff of Baron De Kalb, who 
 soon after fell at Camden. His self-confidence, however, 
 was not equal to his gallantry. He distrusted his educa- 
 tional ([ualifications and knowledge of the details of military 
 science, and therefore declined the offered honor. Two 
 years after receiving his commission as Captain, in 1779, he 
 resigned his commission, left the army and returned home, 
 impelled to this step by rea.sons of a personal character. 
 Patriotism made him reluctant to yield his share in the 
 great struggle, and a just appreciation of his high qualities 
 m.ade his superior officers reluctant to lose his services ; but 
 his necessities could not be disregarded, and he went home 
 to provide for the support of his family. Although no 
 longer a fighter in the field for the national cause, he by no 
 means ceased to work in its behalf, and at home rendered 
 
 117 
 
 service only less valuable than the excellent service he had 
 rendered in the camp and on the battle field. About the 
 year 1789 he removed with his family to Hartford, Wasli- 
 ington county. New York. He remained there only a few 
 years, however, and in the fall of 1796 he again emigrated, 
 seeking a home this time in the Northwest Territory. He 
 reached Marietta in the spring of 1797, and settled there 
 temporarily. In 1799 he removed to Ames township, in 
 company with Judge Cutler, and continued to reside there 
 until the year 1817, when, his health having failed, he went 
 to Athens to reside with his son. General John Brown. 
 Here he continued to reside until October, 1821, when he 
 died, full of years and of honors. During his residence in 
 Ames he was one of its prominent citizens, holding various 
 offices and contributing largely to the advancement of the 
 settlement. His wife, whom he had married in Massachu- 
 setts, and who had shared with him the struggles of his 
 early years and the successes of his later life, survived him, 
 and died at Athens in the year 1S40, at the ripe age of 
 eighty-six years. 
 
 
 ONES, JOHN D., was born near Morgantown, in 
 Berks county, Pennsylvania, on the 9th of De- 
 cember, 1797, and was the son of John and 
 Elizabeth Jones, being paternally of Welsh an- 
 cestry, as his name would indicate, with a mixtuie 
 of .Scotch-Irish blood, derived by maternal de- 
 scent. His great-grandfather, David Jones, came to this 
 country from Wales in about 1720, and settled in Berks 
 county, whither a large number of his native people emi- 
 grated, becoming inhabitants for the most part of what is 
 now the beautiful Conestoga valley, and built the pretty 
 little villages of Morgantown and Churchtown, in the 
 vicinity of that imposing range of hills known as the Welsh 
 mountains. Being Episcopalians by faith and education — 
 coming to this country as zealous members of the “ Church 
 of England ” — they gave the religious character to the lo- 
 cality, which even to this day has not been removed or 
 impaired. His father was a native and resident of the 
 Keystone State, and died at the age of fifty-two years, on 
 the 14th of January, 1816, at Reading P'orge, Chester 
 county, Pennsylvania, being at that time a farmer and a 
 recently elected member of the House of the Assembly of 
 Pennsylvania, but died before taking his seat in that legis- 
 lative body. His wife having departed this life previously, 
 on the 13th of January, 1814, ten orphan children were left 
 to mourn the loss of parents held in high esteem in the 
 community of which they had been members. The subject 
 of these remarks was one of the eldest of this family, and 
 while quite young, prompted by ambition as well as neces- 
 sity, with self-reliance and a determination to engage in the 
 battle of life on his own account, he left the scenes of his 
 boyhood and went to Philadelphia to learn the mercantile 
 business, and was employed by his maternal uncles, Thomas 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 ii8 
 
 and John K. Graham, East India merchants. In September, 
 1819, with his older brother, George \V. Jones, he came to 
 Cincinnati, crossing the Allegheny mountains in the well- 
 known Conestoga wagons, of whose size and usefulness 
 perhaps only the oldest inhabitants have a just appreciation, 
 and came down the Ohio river in a flat-boat, bringing a 
 stock of dry goods and other necessary parts of an outfit to 
 establish a western store. Thus these young merchants 
 made their first essay in a field of labor at that time of cir- 
 cumscribed dimensions, but which now, by the e.xpansion 
 of trade, the increased facilities of transacting business with 
 those at a distance and the improved condition of afiairs in 
 the country generally, has been enlarged commensurate 
 with the skill, science and capacity of those engaged in 
 mercantile pursuits. On the 1st of December, 1820, at the 
 early age of twenty-four years, his brother and partner died, 
 leaving the care and responsibility of a new business, in an 
 undeveloped and almost unsettled country, upon one as yet 
 untried and ine.xperienced. Notwithstanding this disap- 
 pointment and bereavement, happening when his plans of 
 promise and life had scarcely been formed, he with his 
 uncle, Thomas Graham, continued his business under the 
 firm-name of John D. Jones & Co. till its dissolution, in 
 1827, at rvhich date his brother Caleb Jones became his 
 partner, and the business was conducted under the firm- 
 name of J. L). & C. Jones, which was pursued with a steady 
 and constant development and attended with uniform pros- 
 perity. On the 22d of September, 1823, at Piqua, Miami 
 county, Ohio, the subject of this biographical sketch was 
 married to Elizabeth Johnston, daughter of the late Colonel 
 John Johnston, .She was born, September 22d, 1807, at 
 the military post from which the city of P'ort Wayne, 
 Indiana, derived its name, while her father, familiarly 
 known as one of our western pioneers, was United States 
 P'actor and Indian Agent. But, to return from this diver- 
 sion to our historical connections, the firm of J. D. & C. 
 Jones was engaged in business for the period of twenty-one 
 years, and succeeded by the firms of J. D. & C. Jones & 
 Co. and Jones Brothers & Co. successively, of which John 
 I). Jones was the senior partner: these mercantile establish- 
 ments being heirs, so to .speak, of the parent house, created 
 years before, and but the substantial changes in name inci- 
 dent to the demands of an increasing and successful busi- 
 ness of a mercantile firm well and favor.ably known through- 
 out the East and West. Mr. Jones retired from all active 
 p.irlicipation in business in July, 1865, having been engaged 
 in the dry-goods trade uninterruptedly for almost' fifty years, 
 during which time, in addition to the close attention de- 
 manded in looking after his own interests, he was not un- 
 mindful of his obligations and duties to others; and there 
 are not a few men now numbered among the prosperous 
 and prominent merchants of Cincinnati and the West who 
 have received encouragement or substantial assistance as 
 well as good counsel from him, which have keen of benefit 
 to them in their mercantile career. As a merchant Mr. 
 
 Jones has ever pursued a methodical and systematic course, 
 managing his business with close attention and upon strict 
 principles of integrity; and as a citizen has been associated 
 in spirit and action with the party of progress, being identi- 
 fied with many enterprises and public movements which 
 have facilitated the development of the commercial, bank- 
 ing and railroad interests of his city of adoption. In 1834 
 he was a member of the Board of Directors of the Lafayette 
 Bank, and with Josiah Lawrence, Judge David K. Este, 
 lion. S.dmon P. Chase and others, continued in the man- 
 agement of that corporation for many years. He w'as also 
 a member of the original Board of Directors of the Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton & Dayton Railroad, and took an active part 
 in the construction of that important public benefit ; and 
 also for many years Was associated wdth Henry Probasco, 
 Robert Buchanan and William Crossman in the Board of 
 Trustees of the Cincinnati Orphan Asylum, an institution in 
 which he has always been most earnestly interested, and 
 with which his wife still continues to be identified as one 
 of its managers. Of his once large family but four sons now 
 are living; and of those deceased Colonel William G. 
 Jones, 36th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, a graduate of the 
 United States Military Academy, fell mortally wounded in 
 the battle of Chickamauga, on September 19th, 1863; and 
 Charles D. Jones, Lieutenant United States navy, a gradu- 
 ate of the United States Naval Academy, died, December, 
 1865, w Idle in the service, having served during the rebel- 
 lion on the frigate “Hartford,” wdiile floating the pennant 
 of our gallant k'niragut. Mr. Jones is still alive and living 
 in quietness, relieved from his accustomed business respon- 
 sibilities, in the beautiful village of Glendale, one of the 
 suburban settlements of Cincinnati. 
 
 tIBSON, CALVIN C., Mayor of Zanesville, was 
 born in Muskingum county, Ohio, May 6th, 1830. 
 His parents were natives of the same State. His 
 early education was often interrupted, and limited 
 in its scope to such rudiments as w'ere usually 
 taught in the early country schools.’ His labor 
 was required during the greater portion of the year on his 
 father’s farm. When sixteen he left school entirely and 
 entered upon farming as his future occupation, working in 
 the fields in the daytime and in his father’s blacksmith shop 
 at night. This double labor in a dual capacity he carried 
 on until he was twenty-two years of age, and then entered 
 upon a clerkship in a country store at Putnam, now the 
 Ninth Ward of Zanesville, at a salary of $250 a year and 
 board. By strict economy he managed to lay by annually 
 from one hundred to one hundred and fifty dollars as capi- 
 tal for future business enterprises, w Inch were eventually 
 happily realized. After remaining in this store for some 
 years Mr. Gibson went to Cincinnati and there took charge 
 of a large stove warehouse, which he retained for a tw'elve- 
 
BIOGRAl’IIICAL ENCVCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 month, and then returned to Zanesville. In 1S63 he was 
 appointed Deputy Sheriff' under Sheriff Wolf, and upon the 
 expiration of his term in this office he was selected as clerk 
 of the Zane House, and after serving a year in this capacity 
 remained in charge of the house for the same length of 
 time. Upon leaving this position he opened a general 
 merchamlise store upon his own account, which he con- 
 tinued with prosperity until April 1st, 1875, " hen he was 
 elected to the office of Mayor of Zanesville. Mr. Gibson 
 had all the qualities necessary for a successful mercantile 
 career. He was enterprising and honorable in all his 
 transactions, and gained the confidence of his fellow- 
 citizens. He has taken every proper measure, since his 
 elevation to the mayoralty, to increase the material welfare 
 of the city of which he is chief magistrate, and has proposed 
 and carried into effect many improvements. His entire 
 career is an illustration of what a poor boy, with ambition 
 and integrity of character, may accomplish by energy. In 
 October, 1862, he was married to Alice Green. 
 
 ;USTOX, ARCHIBALD M., Banker, was born in 
 Perry county, Ohio, at Rehoboth, on April lotb, 
 1824. His parents were both natives of Ireland, 
 who emigrated to this country in 1814 and 
 ^ ^ settled permanently in that State. He attended 
 the Rehoboth common schools during the winter 
 seasons and assisted his father in the labor of cultivating a 
 farm during the remaining portions of the year. His father 
 was a man of moderate circumstances, an industrious and 
 persevering agriculturalist, who had earned the esteem of his 
 neighbors by the integrity of his character. M’hen twenty 
 Archibald taught school for a short time, and then for 
 about four months filled a clerkship in a country store. In 
 November, 1844, associated with J. C. Whittaker, he 
 opened a general merchandise store at New I.exington, 
 which was prosperously conducted for eight years. Mr. 
 Huston then gave up a mercantile career and purchased a 
 farm in the vicinity, and for seven years engaged success- 
 fully in raising, buying and selling stock, his transactions 
 being on a very extensive scale. In 1859 he .sold his farm 
 and returned to mercantile life, and was exceedingly fortu- 
 nate in all his ventures, his management being characterized 
 by enterprise and prudence. He was elected in the fall of 
 i860 .Auditor of Peri'y County, and most acceptably dis- 
 charged the duties of this office during his term, which 
 expired in 1863. Purchasing then a fine farm near Zanes- 
 ville he recommenced stock-raising, in connection with 
 farming. From 1867 to 1869 he served as Assistant 
 Treasurer of Muskingum County, and supervised the col- 
 lection of taxes. For five years he acted as superintendent 
 of extensive coal mines at Lick Run, near Zanesville. He 
 was one of the originators of the .Second National Bank of 
 Zanesville, and during the greater part of its existence, a 
 
 119 
 
 period of over eight years, one of its directors. In Decem- 
 ber, 1872, this institution settled its affairs and was closed, 
 and Mr. Huston, in company with other gentlemen, estab- 
 lished a private banking house, under the name of The 
 Union Bank, with a capital of $100,000, whose business 
 and management were controlled by a Board of Directors, 
 of whom Mr. Huston was President. He has occupied 
 this responsible station, witbout interruption, until the pres- 
 ent time, and the bank, now second in size in Zanesville, 
 has a continually and a rapidly increasing business, the 
 evidence of the growing confidence in its solidity and the 
 wisdom of its management. Mr. Huston was married, 
 June 13th, 1S48, to Rachel A. Ream, a resident of 
 Somerset, Ohio, who died, June 25th, 1850, leaving one 
 daughter, who subsequently became the wife of J. B. Ham- 
 ilton, of Newark, Ohio. On October 17th, 1854, he was 
 married to Maggie E. Stump, of Muskingum county, who 
 died June 12th, 1863. On P'ebruary 7th, 1865, he was 
 married to Amanda Holmes, of P'airfield county, Ohio, who 
 has had four children to him. Mr. Huston’s varied ex- 
 perience has eminently qualified him for the position he at 
 present holds in the business community. He is a man of 
 liberal ideas, enterprising yet prudent as an executive, and 
 possessed of a thorough apprehension of all the essential 
 details in the successful management of the financial aff.iirs 
 of an important monetary institution. He is quite largely 
 i interested in coal lands in Jackson and Perry counties, and 
 in enterprises for the development of the mineral resources 
 I of the State. During the late war he rendered material 
 assistance in the work of organizing, equipping and sending 
 j troops to the field. His ability as a business man and the 
 integrity of his character has given him a high place in the 
 respect of his fellow-citizens, and his labors have rewarded 
 him with a handsome fortune. 
 
 ^I^OUTHARD, MILTON L, Lawyer and Member 
 of Congress, was born on the 20th of October, 
 1836, at Perryton, Licking county, Ohio. He 
 comes of ancestry identified with the early history 
 of the country. His grandfather was born near 
 Trenton, New Jersey, and was related to Sen- 
 ator Samuel L. Southard of that State. He removed from 
 New Jersey to Washington county, Pennsylvania, where 
 was born the father of Milton, and eventually removed 
 again with his family to Ohio, settling in Licking county in 
 1805. f)n the mother’s side Milton 1 . Southard is descended 
 from the Parnells of Baltimore. He obtained the elements 
 of his education at the common schools of Licking county, 
 and when he had reached a proper age he entered the more 
 advanced institutions of learning, and finally passed through 
 the course of study at Dennison University, at Granville, 
 Ohio. He graduated from this institution in the year 1861. 
 Immediately after leaving college he commenced the study 
 
120 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOILLDIA. 
 
 of law, wliicli profession he had decided to adopt. He con- 
 cluded his reading in the office of Follett & Follett,at New- 
 ark, Ohio. In the year 1863 he finished his course of legal 
 study with the firm mentioned and was admitted a member 
 of the bar. He at once prepared to enter upon the practice 
 of his profession, and formed a professional partnership with 
 Mr. Wm. H. Ingraham. The new firm established them- 
 selves in practice in Toledo, under the firm-name of South- 
 ard & Ingraham. They continued to practise there together 
 until 1866, when the leading member of the firm removed to 
 Zanesville, where he has ever since resided. Shortly after 
 locating in Zanesville he formed a law partnership with his 
 brother, F'rank II. .Southard, under the firm-name of 
 Southard & Southard. The firm still continues, and he 
 has practised without interruption, except so far as inter- 
 ruption came in the shape of the duties of public office. 
 He has been active in political affairs, and has always been 
 identified with the Democratic party. In the year 1867 he 
 was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Muskingum County. 
 In 1869 he was re-elected to the same position, and was re- 
 elected a second time in 1871. While serving his third 
 term in this position he was nominated by his party to 
 represent the Thirteenth District of Ohio in Congress. He 
 was elected at the October election of 1872, and in March, 
 1873, he resigned the office of Prosecuting Attorney to lake 
 his seat in the national legislature. He served with ability 
 and distinction in the Forty-third Congress. He was ap- 
 pointed a member of the Committee on Mines and Mining, 
 and also of the Committee on Expenditures of the Treasury 
 Department. He took an active part in the House debates 
 on the currency question, and in a speech made on that 
 issue he reviewed the President’s veto of the Senate Cur- 
 rency bill. He was also active in opposition to the Civil 
 Rights bill, and to the measure that was popularly known 
 as the Force bill. The course taken by him during his 
 Congressional term was so satisfactory to his constituents 
 that he was renominated for the Forty-fourth Congress, and 
 at the election of 1S74 he was triumphantly re-elected. In 
 the Forty-fourth Congress he has been appointed Chairman 
 of the Committee on Territories, and also a member of the 
 Committee on Revision of Laws of the United States. A 
 man of integrity as well as of ability, of strong will and of 
 honorable purposes, he is fitted not only to adorn but to 
 honor public life, and in these days such men are worth 
 seeking far to find. 
 
 ILES, ROBERT EDGAR JACKSON, Teacher, 
 Comedian and Manager, was born at Culpeper 
 Court House, Virginia, September 9th, 1834. 
 His father, Robert Edgar Miles, whom he lost 
 when but four years of age, was engaged in 
 mercantile pursuits in Virginia. After the death 
 of his father, his mother, still young and a woman of high 
 mental and moral culture, removed to Charleston, South 
 
 Carolina, where her brother, J. W. Aldmann, resided, and 
 where she proposed to secure for her son a thorough 
 literary and medical education. After a residence of five 
 years in that southern capital, however, she removed to 
 Covington, Kentucky. Here he made uncommon progress 
 in the neighboring schools, and at the age of seventeen be- 
 came principal of the first free school established in Cov- 
 ington. This position he held for three years, and during 
 that time, having contracted a liking for stage life, oi'gan- 
 ized a dramatic club, composed of many of the most 
 respectable young people of the town. In an entertainment 
 given by his club, in 1854, he made his first appearance as 
 Alonzo in “ Rollo, or the Death of I’izarro.” In 1855 he 
 organized a troupe for the rendition of “ Uncle Tom’s 
 Cabin,” then very popular throughout the North, and with 
 it visited the principal towns of the West. After meeting 
 with great success he returned from his tour in 1857, and, 
 abandoning entir-ely his earlier views and intentions, 
 adopted the stage as a profession. Subsequently, until 
 after the outbreak of the Southeim rebellion, he played 
 juvenile and leading chai'acters in many of the large cities 
 of the United States and of the Canadas. He then con- 
 ceived the idea of introducing “ hoi'se pieces ” in a novel 
 and exciting manner, and in 1862, accordingly, opened an 
 engagement in Boston with the celebrated horse “ Minne- 
 haha.” In this line of business he afterward played “star 
 engagements” in all the chief cities of the country. In 
 Albany, New York, he first brought out the Menken as 
 “ Mazeppa,” and was successful in his management. The 
 oil fever then attacking the entire community he also em- 
 barked in the promising venture, and after spending over a 
 year as Superintendent of the Ohio River Oil Works, in 
 Vanceburg, Kentucky, concluded to return to his former 
 profession in order to retrieve his wasted fortunes. In 
 October, 1868, he purchased the lease of the National 
 Theatre, in Cincinnati, paying therefor an enormous sum — 
 a greater amount probably than was ever before paid in a 
 similar way. In the following year he leased Wood’s 
 Theatre, in the same city, but eventually sold his lease to 
 the present lessee. His management of the National 
 Theatre was sustained until 1870, when he decided to 
 engage in the circus business. In 1873 he opened Robin- 
 son’s New Opera House, in Cincinnati, and in the ensuing 
 year opened the New Grand Opera House, in the same 
 city, of which he is now lessee and manager. In 1874-75 
 he organized the National Hippodrome, Menagerie and 
 Congres.s of Nations, known as “America’s Racing Associ- 
 ation.” This, one of the largest shows ever organized in the 
 world, was closed in June of the latter year, with great loss 
 to the management. On the whole, his checkered theatrical 
 career has been a very successful one; while, through his 
 various enterprises, he has repeatedly won and lost and 
 recovered princely fortunes. At the present time his labors 
 are entirely behind the scenes, where, and also in the outer 
 world, he is recognized as a fearless, popular and successful 
 
LIOGRAI’IIICAL EAXVCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 21 
 
 manager. He was married, in i860, to Emily L. Dow, 
 ex-member of the “ Cooper Opera Troupe,” one of the first 
 English opera troupes that came to this country. 
 
 NDRE, HENRY GEORGE, Pianist, was born in 
 Nancy, France, in the year 1838. Almost from 
 the first he was destined for a musical career, and 
 his achievements in later life have abundantly 
 justified the plans formed for him in his unde- 
 veloped childhood. He springs from a musical 
 family, and at a very tender age he began taking lessons on 
 the piano, his father, a fine musical scholar and a skilled 
 player, being his first instructor. Happily his home instruc- 
 tion was of the best, and he was trained in accordance with 
 the highest and purest standards of taste. The result of 
 this early discipline has been constantly apparent in the 
 progress of his professional life. When he was fourteen 
 years of age he was sent to Paris to complete his musical 
 education. He remained in that great art centre fora period 
 of seven years, under the instruction of the best and most 
 distinguished pianists. At the end of this long course of 
 study, training and artistic discipline, he left Paris and re- 
 ■turned to his native town, where he at once commenced to 
 give instructions in music. He continued thus occupied 
 until the year 1S60, when he came to the United States. 
 His original plan contemplated only a business visit to 
 America, and that accomplished he proposed to return to 
 France and resume his labors as a music teacher. Put he 
 made friends in Cincinnati, to which city his business took 
 him. Finding a congenial home there, at length he defin- 
 itely determined not to return to P'rance, but to locate per- 
 manently in Cincinnati ; and soon after arriving at this con- 
 clusion he began his musical career in America, a career 
 that has been l.onorable alike to himself and to the city of 
 his adoption. His first attempts in Cincinnati were devoted 
 to the holding of musical soirees or small concerts, held for 
 the purpose of introducing the compositions of the best 
 masters — the classical sonatas, duos, trios and quartos, and 
 the beautiful solos for which he has become so famed. 
 These soirees were the “ Kammer concerts ” of Germany, 
 at which only invited guests appeared. In the meantime he 
 also began to give instruction to private pupils. His con- 
 certs found great favor with the music-loving community, 
 and the annual series came to be looked for with the utmost 
 interest; and partly through their agency his private patron- 
 age became large and infiuential. Among the pupils who 
 gained their knowledge under his instructions were many 
 who are now themselves popular performers and successful 
 instructors in Cincinnati, and some who are now among 
 the most honored and the most successful artistes in the 
 country. ith the entire history and development of 
 musical taste and accomjrlishmcnt in Cincinnati he is 
 identified, and very many of the earlier as well as of the 
 16 
 
 later steps in the musical progress of the cit) have been 
 taken under his influence. He has been concerned in the 
 organization of a number of the concerts for which the city 
 has a reputation ; he has played in the churches, and his 
 “ Kammer concerts,” while they are still among the most 
 interesting of his professional efforts, are also among the 
 most delightful of the musical experiences enjoyed by the 
 people of Cincinnati. Of course, in his devotion to music 
 he is an enthusiast. All his energy has been directed to the 
 establishment of a high art reputation, and the elevation of 
 the standard of musical taste in the city of his adoption. 
 He is not only a player of the music that other men have 
 composed, but he has composed many pieces for the piano, 
 and some of them have attained a deserved popularity. 
 Since the establishment of the Cincinnati Conservatory of 
 Music — an institution which the great artist Tsubenstein 
 pronounced one of the best of the kind in this country — he 
 has been director of its piano department ; and here, as else- 
 where, he has achieved success. He plays only classical 
 music, and scarcely tolerates any other. In short, standing 
 among the first musicians of the West, he is pre-eminently 
 the pianist of the great city of musical festivals. 
 
 ROWN, ARCHIBALD GREEN, Lawyer, is a 
 native of Ohio, and has lived in that State since 
 his birth. He was born, on the l6th of April, 
 1798, near Waterford, Washington county, Ohio. 
 When he was a year old his parents removed to 
 Athens county, and at Athens he has continued 
 to live ever since that time. He comes of New England 
 stock, his father. Captain Benjamin Brown, having been 
 born in Leicester, Worcester county, Massachusetts, on the 
 17th of October, 1745, and served through five campaigns 
 m the Revolutionary army. He removed to Ohio in the 
 6arly days, and died in Athens in the year 1821. The son, 
 Archibald, attended the common school during his boyhood, 
 but his early educational coiu'se was not confined to his 
 school studies. On his father’s farm, where his youth was 
 passed, he worked hard and many hours each day, but in 
 spile of hard work the studious boy found leisure for reading 
 and study. He had early formed the purpose of acquiring 
 a liberal education, and this purpose was his constant inspi- 
 ration. He had in view all the time, and, in the resting 
 spells of farm work and in the days of attendance at the 
 district school, he worked assiduously for the fulfilment of 
 this object. All this hard work had its result, and by the 
 time he had reached the proper age to enter college he was 
 prepared to do so with credit and honor. He became, in 
 due time, a student in the Ohio University at Athens, and, 
 after prosecuting the regular course of study there, graduated 
 with honors in the year 1822. Two years later, after teach- 
 ing an academy in Columbus one year, in 1824, he was 
 made Preceptor in the academical department of the univer- 
 
122 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 sity, a position which he filled for one year. In the year 
 1825 he left the teacher’s chair in the university to under- 
 take teaching on a larger scale from the editorial tripod. 
 In that year he commenced the publication of the Athens 
 Mirror, the first paper published in the county. For the 
 next five years he continued his connection with that paper 
 as editor and publisher, a good indication that the new jour- 
 nalistic venture was at least a fair success. In the year 1827 
 the young editor was elected to the office of Recorder of 
 the county, an office which he held until 1833. Three 
 years before the expiration of his term of office he had ceased 
 from his journalistic labors, and his leisure time was de- 
 voted to the reading of law, to which profession he had de- 
 cided to devote himself. In the year 1836 he was again 
 elected to the position of County Recorder, and held the 
 office until 1841. At the expiration of his second term he 
 began the practice of law in Athens. In the same year he 
 was elected a member of the Board of Trustees of the Uni- 
 versity of Ohio, a position he has continued to hold to the 
 present time. In 1850 he was a delegate to the convention 
 which framed the present Constitution of Ohio, and for a 
 term of two years, from 1850 to 1852, was President-Judge 
 of the Athens District. For many years he has engaged in 
 the practice of his profession in Athens, and in the mean- 
 time has been identified with many of the interests and en- 
 terprises in his section of the State. He was one of the 
 stockholders ifi the Marietta & Cincinnati Railroad Com- 
 pany until the failure of the company; he held stock in the 
 first telegraph line through the county ; and he was a stock- 
 holder in the Athens branch of the State Bank of Ohio, and 
 afterwards in the National Bank of Athens. Judge Brown 
 has been twice married. He was first married to Priscilla 
 K. Crippen, on the 8th of January, 1824. She died on the 
 3d of June, 1858, and he married again, on the 22d of 
 March, 1866, Harriet B. Stewart. 
 
 ARRETT, HON. ISAAC M., Merchant and 
 Manufacturer, Representative in the Sixty-first 
 General Assembly of Ohio from Greene county, 
 was born in Saratoga county. New York, May 
 2d, 1827. His parents were George Barrett and 
 Mahala (Merritt) Barrett. His education was 
 acquired partly in the Ohio Wesleyan University, but he did 
 not graduate from this institution. He engaged subsequently 
 in mercantile business at Spring Valley, Greene county, Ohio, 
 at which he continued for a period of about fifteen years. 
 Also during those years he became importantly identified 
 with the grain trade and the pork-packing business, and his 
 relations with these businesses are still of an extended and 
 highly remunerative nature. In 1862 he was appointed by 
 Abraham Lincoln Assessor of Internal Revenue for the 
 Columbus District, and served in that capacity until 1866. 
 In 1873 he was elected to the House on the Republican 
 
 ticket, and within a brief period after taking his seat with 
 this body assumed a prominent position among its members. 
 He served on the Committee on Public Printing and on 
 Reform Schools, and in various ways has signalized him- 
 self by his energy, fidelity and abilities. In addition to his 
 other occupations, he has for many years past held large 
 interests in a woollen factory, in a flouring mill, and also in 
 various agricultural ventures. He is a valued member also 
 of the State Republican Central Committee; and in all 
 matters touching the welfare of his State and party is a 
 skilful tactician and an efficient coworker. He was mar- 
 ried, in September, 1851, to Rebecca Swayne, daughter of 
 Thomas Swayne, who died in January, 1854, leaving one 
 son. He was again married, in March, 1856, to Mary 
 Evans, of Spring Valley, by whom he has had seven children. 
 
 ARRIS, HON. LEONARD A., ex-Mayor of .Cin- 
 cinnati, was born, October nth, 1824, in Cincin- 
 nati, and received his education in the common 
 schools. He embraced every opportunity opened 
 to him for the improvement of his mind, and be- 
 came in time by self application and by the de- 
 velopment of a talent naturally bright a man of culture, the 
 scope of whose learning comprehended more than the Eng- 
 lish branches of instruction. Upon the firing by the rebels 
 on Sumter he raised a company of volunteers, of which he 
 became Captain, and tendered his services to the govern- 
 ment. These were readily accepted, and the organization 
 was attached to the 2d Ohio Infantry. The regiment was 
 early sent to the front, and participated in the first battle of 
 Bull Run. Captain Harris in the action distinguished him- 
 self for gallantry and coolness in the face of the enemy, and 
 served so commendably in the estimation of President Lin- 
 coln that he was authorized by the Chief Executive to raise 
 a regiment in Ohio. He set about this task with so much 
 energy that within one month the new command with full 
 ranks was ready for the field. He became Colonel of the 
 2d Ohio Infantry, and made an honorable record up to the 
 time of his disability. This regiment was withdrawn from 
 eastern Kentucky after the rebels had been driven out of 
 that portion of the State, and was assigned to Rousseau’s 
 division of the army under General Buell. When General 
 Buell was massing his forces to prevent the capture of Louis- 
 ville by General Bragg, Colonel Harris with the 33d Ohio 
 occupied Fort Fisher, at the mouth of Battle creek, Ten- 
 nessee, the extreme outpost on Buell’s right flank. Fie held 
 this position until nearly surrounded by Bragg’s forces. 
 After an attack which lasted all day, he evacuated the 
 fort, burned all the stores that could not be transported, 
 and united with the army at Decherd, Tennessee, without 
 the loss of a man taken iirisoner. General Buell was well 
 satisfied with the conduct of Colonel Harris and his com- 
 mand. Colonel Harris commanded the 9th Brigade in the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCL 0 P.^:DIA. 
 
 123 
 
 action at Perryville, October 8lh, 1S62. This brigade was 
 composed of the 2d, the 33d and 94tb Ohio, the 3 Stl' 
 Indiana, lolh Wisconsin and Captain Simonson’s 5th In- 
 diana Battery. That this was a bloody and stubbornly- 
 contested fight the casualties of the 9th Brigade will show : 
 commissioned officers killed, four; wounded, ten; non- 
 commissioned officers and privates killed, one hundred and 
 twenty-four; wounded, four hundred and twelve; missing, 
 forty-one. The Colonel was complimented by General 
 Rousseau on the field after the fight for his skill and courage, 
 and recommended in his official report for promotion, which 
 would have been done had not his health compelled his 
 resignation. L’pon his return home, the latter part of 1862, 
 he was placed in nomination for the Mayoralty of Cincin- 
 nati, and in April, 1863, was elected to that imiiortant office 
 by about one thousand majority. His ability as an executive 
 officer was soon apparent. He took every step to see that 
 the laws governing the municipality were enforced; exerted 
 every measure for the securing in a greater degree the peace 
 and tranquillity of the citizens by the speedy arrest and prose- 
 cution of criminals; and using every influence which he 
 could command to increase the m.aterial as well as moral 
 welfare of the community which had honored him with the 
 highest gift within its prerogative. As Mayor he drafted 
 the law for the enlistment of “ one hundred day men,” under 
 which Ohio sent over thirty thousand volunteers to the field. 
 He became also Colonel of the 7th Regiment Ohio National 
 Guards, which he commanded during the term of its enlist- 
 ment. He was during this jieriod, in addition. Trustee of 
 the Cincinnati Hospital. He adopted every measure of 
 precaution and authority to secure a fair expression of the 
 popular will at the polls, and this effort was properly recog- 
 nized in the following resolutions, adopted at a meeting of 
 the leading citizens, held October 13th, 1803: 
 
 Resolved, That the perfect preservation of the peace of the 
 city by its civil authorities, through the most exciting political 
 contest ever known in this community, is largely due to the 
 impartiality .and ability with which the Mayor, Colonel 
 Leonard A. Harris, has discharged the duties of his office. 
 
 Resolved, That his instructions to the police force, relating 
 to their deportment in ])olilical affairs during the canv.ass, 
 insured public confidence in the management of his depart- 
 ment on the day of the recent election in maintaining order 
 and (juiet, proved his capacity and integrity as a man and 
 official, and has the unreserved approbation of his fellow- 
 citizens. 
 
 Resolved, That a testimonial of our appreciation of the 
 credit which he has reflected upon the good name of the 
 city shall be presented him. 
 
 His messages to the City Council were instruments of 
 good sense, presented in a clear, business-like manner. He 
 zealously engaged in promoting the interest of municipal 
 institutions, and earnestly advocated the building of a work- 
 house and hospital, both of which have since been accom- 
 plished. They are conspicuous ornaments of the city, with 
 largely increa.sed capacity for doing good. In 1865 he was | 
 
 re-elected to the Mayoralty by a largely increased majority, 
 and continued while in office to deserve the high esteem 
 which his fellow-citizens had formed of his character and 
 ability. In August, 1866, he was appointed by President 
 Johnson Collector of Internal Revenue for the First Ohio 
 District. The United States Senate confirmed the appoint- 
 ment, which Colonel Harris accepted, and at once tendered 
 his resignation of the office of Mayor. In 1873 
 pointed by the Court of Common Pleas Trustee of the Cin- 
 cinnati Hospital, and continues to serve in that capacity. 
 He is President of the Cuvier Club, an organization having 
 for its object not only the cultivation of sociability amongst 
 its members but the advancement of pisciculture, ornith- 
 ology and the natural sciences generally. Colonel Harris 
 is now in the prime of life, possessed of vigorous physical as 
 well as quick mental faculties, and gives promise of still 
 greater usefulness to the community which has already so 
 greatly honored him. 
 
 OHNSTON, COLONEL JOHN, was born near 
 Ballyshannon, Ireland, on the 25th of March, 
 1775, and came to this country with his parents 
 when about ten years of age. His father, Stephen 
 Johnston, with his brothers, each having large 
 families, emigrated from the north of Ireland after 
 the close of the American revolution, and settled in Shear- 
 man’s Valley, in the then county of Cumberland (now Perry 
 county), Pennsylvania. His paternal ancestors came from 
 ■Scotland into-Ireland with the Protestant King William, and 
 being officers w'ere rew'arded with estates near Enniskillen, 
 in the county of Fermanagh; and his maternal ancestors, 
 named Barnard, were of the Huguenots, who fled from 
 France for conscience sake and took refuge in Ireland. His 
 early years rvere spent at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, in the mer- 
 cantile establishment of Judge John Creigh — that place 
 being the rendezvous of troops enlisted for the war with the 
 Western Indians. In his seventeenth year he accompanied 
 Samuel Creigh to the West, as an attache of the Quarter- 
 master's department of General Wayne’s army, with a stock 
 of goods for the troops, travelling the whole distance to 
 Pittsburgh on foot, in company with wagons loaded with 
 army supplies and private property. Pittsburgh at that time, 
 1792, was a small unimportant place, without a single brick 
 building, and consisted of a string of log-houses along the 
 bank of the Monongahela river. In January, 1793, he first 
 came to Fort Washington, descending the Ohio river to 
 Cincinnati on a common Kentucky flatboat loaded with 
 merchandise, manned with three men, himself and one 
 female passenger, a P'rench lady from Paris in quest of her 
 husband, whom they found on their arrival at Gallipolis. 
 He spent the winter 1794-95 at Bourbon Court House (now 
 Paris), Kentucky, having an uncle at th.at time a resident of 
 that county. While there he formed the acf|uaintance of 
 Daniel Boone, who was at that time eng.ige{l in tracing u|) 
 
124 
 
 BIOGRAFIIICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 land-lines and titles, and many years afterwards, upon the 
 invitation of the Governor of Kentucky, he acted as pall- 
 bearer at the reinterment of the remains of Boone and his 
 wife, which had been recently removed from Missouri. 
 Colonel Johnston also while at Bourbon Court House was 
 made a Mason in a lodge working under authority of the 
 Grand Lodge of Virginia — the Grand Lodge of Kentucky 
 being not yet organized. Soon after being made a Mason 
 he returned to Philadelphia and was for some years in the 
 employ of the government in the war office, of which General 
 Henry Dearborn, United States army, was chief. He fre- 
 quently saw the father of his country, heard him deliver his 
 last address to Congress previous to his retirement from 
 public life ; and was an officer of the military escort of honor 
 delegated by the Governor of Pennsylvania on the occasion 
 of Washington’s retirement from the Presidency; and also 
 upon the occasion of the inauguration of John Adams ; and 
 also as Secretary of a Masonic lodge in Philadelphia marched 
 in the jnocession and participated in the funeral solemnities 
 in memory of Washington in the winter of iSoo. Not long 
 afterwards, in or about the same year, the subject of this 
 sketch returned to the West, where he was employed under 
 General Harrison in the superintendency of Indian affairs, 
 having been commissioned by President Madison as Agent; 
 and in this capacity was charged with the control and care 
 of 10,000 Indians, including the Miamies, Delawares, .Shaw- 
 anese, Wyandottes, Pottawattamies, Chippewas,Ottawas, Sen- 
 ecas, some Kickapoos, Saukees and Kaskaskias, among 
 whom Bucking Chilas, Little Turtle, Black Hoof and John 
 were the influential chiefs. Previous to coming West in 
 1800, Colonel Johnston had received the chapter and en- 
 campment degrees in Masonry at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, 
 and during life continued to take a prominent part as a 
 member of that fraternal order. During the war of 1812 
 he was connected with the army under General William 
 H. H arrison, and afterwards remained on the frontier as 
 United States Factor or Indian Agent for many years, and 
 discharged all his public rluties to the satisfaction of the 
 government and tribes under his charge, but was removed 
 from office by that uncompromising Democratic hero, An- 
 drew Jackson, upon his accession to the Presidency in 1829, 
 simply because of a difference in political predilections. 
 Phus ended the tirit period in his official authority over the 
 denizens of the forest ; but afterwards in 1841-42, by ap- 
 pointment of General Harrison, then President, he was in- 
 trusted with the negotiations for a treaty of cession and emi- 
 gration of the Wyandottes, “the last of the native tribes of 
 Ohio,” for their removal beyond the Missi.ssippi ; and in the 
 consummation of this important and responsible matter, 
 which occurred at Upper Sandusky, in this State, he com- 
 pleted the entire arrangements so faithfully as to win the 
 commendation of not only our government but red men, 
 who were about to leave the hunting-grounds to which they 
 had become ardently attached. Charles Dickens, the cele- 
 brated English novelist, being present on this occasion, 
 
 makes an allusion to the circumstances witnessed by him in 
 his “ Notes on America.” Colonel Johnston was a. firm 
 Whig, of the Federal cast of political sentiments, and an in- 
 timate personal friend of General Harrison, Lewis Cass, 
 Charles Hammond, Alfred Kelly, and other prominent men 
 identified with the early development of the West. In 1844 
 he was a delegate to the Whig Convention held in Balti- 
 more, riding all the way from his home at Piqua on horse- 
 back, and made speeches in the interest of “ Harry Clay” 
 along the route. His ancestors were of the Episcopal 
 Church, and during life he adhered most fervently to the 
 religion of his fathers. He was one of the founders of the 
 Episcopal Church in Ohio, being early associated with the 
 venerable pioneer, Bishop Chase, in that primitive and r-pos- 
 tolic work. With his beloved wife he established and 
 taught the first Sabbath-school in Miami county, Ohio, and 
 in all things endeavored to raise up their large family of 
 fifteen children in the faith and hopes they themselves 
 cherished so dearly. Appreciating the inestimable benefits 
 of a thorough education, he took an active interest in the 
 establishment of Kenyon College, at Gambler, Ohio, of 
 which he was one of the first Board of Trustees, and also 
 occupied a similar official position in connection with Miami 
 College, at Oxford, Ohio. He was President of the His- 
 torical and Philosophical Society of Ohio ; a member of 
 the Historical Society of Wisconsin ; of the Antiquarian' 
 Society of Massachusetts, and identified with similar asso- 
 ciations in other States; and was, by appointment of James 
 Buchanan, President, one of the Board of Visitors to West 
 Point in 1859. Two of his sons were distinguished officers 
 in the United States service — Cajitain A. R. Johnston, a 
 graduate of the Military Academy, being killed in the battle 
 of San Pasquales during the Mexican war, and St. Stephen 
 Johnston, having died soon after that war, and having served 
 most honorably in our navy. Colonel Johnston was six feet 
 two inches in height, erect in form, and with an aspect of 
 venerable dignity that commands respect, and with a kind- 
 ness and gentleness of manner which win the regard of all. 
 He died in Washington City on the 1 8th day of February, 
 1861, at the dawn of our great and memorable rebellion, in 
 the eighty-sixth year of his age, possessing his physical and 
 mental vigor in a remarkable degree to almost the day of- 
 his death. 
 
 IRBV, TIMOTHY. There is so little to be said in 
 my case that I have a preference to say it myself, 
 in the first jicrson, so that any inaccuracies may 
 rest only upon myself. I was born in Middle- 
 town, Connecticut, November i6th, 1797, and left 
 there in May, 1803, with my father and family, 
 and lived in Berkshire county, Massachusetts, until 1815, 
 except a few months in Springfield. About 1812 I went 
 into the Hunt & Co. factory, below Stockbridge, with many 
 other farmer boys, to learn to make wool into cloth, at the 
 

BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOIA-EDIA. 
 
 125 
 
 pay of six dollars a month and my board. We had deserters 
 from the British army to instruct us in the processes. I recol- 
 lect that we worked up one cargo of Spanish wool captured 
 ill a British ship. My zeal for my trade generally, and par- 
 ticularly to acquire skill in coloring and finishing broad- 
 cloth, led me to the study of chemistry to a limited extent. 
 I recollect copying out technical terms and definitions to 
 have before me to commit to memory when running a 
 m.achine in the factory. Part of the night and leisure time 
 I devoted to reading books from a library to which I had 
 access. Novels I did not read, because there were none to 
 speak of at that day within my control. This reading to me 
 was preferable to the sports of the boys. It was very agree- 
 able, and I have always had a preference to keep out of 
 crowds and entertainments. In a Springfield factory I was 
 employed at eight dollars a month, was offered more to con- 
 tinue, but believing I could do better, was employed in 
 factories near Pittsfield, and earned money to pay the ex- 
 pense of attending the Lenox Academy the winter of 1815. 
 In the early spring of 1816 I put what I then considered my 
 big volume of chaptals, chemistry and geology, in my 
 knapsack, and went direct for the head of the Ohio river, 
 and down it to Cincinnati, making some money by aiding 
 the lumbermen, but finding no employment at my trade, 
 which ought to have been in a great state of activity if Con- 
 gress had stood by the factories., as should have been done 
 at the close of the British war. But the policy of a vast 
 import trade has prevailed ever since, cutting off working 
 people from the manufacturing employments they are en- 
 titled to in every well-regulated country. I have made war, 
 in my small way, on that policy, as I had good right to do, 
 ever since. The import trade is an incubus upon the people 
 that cannot be shaken off. Hard times will curtail every- 
 thing else except the import trade. I dwell a little on this 
 matter because I have so long been a zealot on the subject, 
 and regret the general prejudices of the people and parties 
 against a suitable diversity of employments. As I said, find- 
 ing no work at my trade, I went back into the country, and 
 taught a school at Eaton, Ohio, for three-quarters of a year. 
 Thence I went back to Cincinnati, and became a student in 
 the Cincinnati College, under the tuition of the Rev. Elijah 
 Slack, in a class of three, Vance, Anthony and Kirby. Dr. 
 Slack was particularly attentive to our little class, and we 
 profited by his earnest and learned attention to us. His time 
 was principally devoted to large classes of students in the 
 dead languages. From the Cincinnati College I went into 
 a crowded private school until I found more desiralde em- 
 ])loyment. In the fall of 1818, before I ended my minority, 
 I entered the service of General William Lytle as a land 
 surveyor. General Lytle was one of the best of men, and 
 w.vs one of the half dozen deputy surveyors for the military 
 lands in Ohio appointed by Colonel Richard C. Anderson, 
 principal surveyor and recorder of entries and surveys in 
 that district, lying between the three rivers, Ohio, Scioto 
 and Little Miami. The Gener.-'.l had done, from 1790 down. 
 
 a vast deal of surveying, locating and other business in that 
 district, and had made and spent a great deal of money. I 
 aided him in his business, as well as I could, for several 
 years, but he had many older and more experienced em- 
 ployes in his business in Ohio and Kentucky. I studied 
 law in the office of Joseph S. Benham, and was admitted by 
 the Supreme Court at the May term, 1827, Brown county, 
 Ohio, where I was then trying the land suit of Anthony vs. 
 Kirby, in which I succeeded. Henry Avery, of Connecti- 
 cut, was a friend of mine from the year 1S19; I was long his 
 agent, and managed his affairs in his absence, and we had a 
 land partnership. I have done a great deal of business for 
 people residing in and about Philadelphia, extending on 
 down to a late period. In 1828 the Bank of the United 
 States gave me the appointment of Land Agent at their Cin- 
 cinnati agency, which agency was in charge of George W. 
 Jones from 1820 to 1830, and then transferred to Herman 
 Cope from 1830 to 1836, when I was aiipointed Agent. 
 The agency grew out of the old Cincinnati branch of 1817 
 to 1820, the assets of which run into real estate, wild lands, 
 judgments and mortgages, and which kept on growing by 
 accumulations and by further investments down to 1830. 
 After which the process of realizing and remitting went on 
 I until closed up under the subsequent trusts, and I being the 
 j Manager from 1836 to the final close, with the full approba- 
 j tion of all the boards and officers I had to do with. I ought 
 to have been a geologist ; I have taken interest in the science, 
 as time permitted, froiri its beginning, without much prog- 
 j less, however, in keeping up with this great science. One 
 thing I claim, and that is, to be the first who announced 
 the theoiy of north and south currents in the water and in 
 the air, during all past time, making the earth habitable, 
 and accounting for the present arrangement of the earth’s 
 surface. — Timotiiy Kiruy. [Died 1874.] 
 
 cCLURE, JAMES, M. D., Physician, was born in 
 Wilkersville, Meigs county, Ohio, May 24lh, 1835. 
 His father was a farmer, who came to this Slate 
 when quite a boy, and settled in Meigs county, 
 where James McClure lived with his parents until 
 he reached manhood. His mother was a native 
 also of Ohio. He received a classical education at Ohio 
 University, in Athens, and upon his leaving the college be- 
 came a teacher in the public schools of Meigs county for 
 some time. Being of a very studious turn of mind, and 
 having a great taste for medicine, he engaged in its study, 
 reading with Dr. S. Day of Harrisonvillc, and afterwards 
 attending a course of lectures during the winter of i860 and 
 1861. He then resumed and practised medicine in Albany, 
 Athens county, Ohio, until the fall of 1863, when he re- 
 turned to Starling Medical College and completed his course 
 of study, and graduated in the S|)ring of 1864. In May, 
 1864, he entered the army as Assistant Surgeon of the 23d 
 Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was attached to the Army 
 
126 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPH£DIA. 
 
 of West Virginia, and participated in the fights of Opequan, 
 Cedar Creek, Berryville, Fisher’s Hill, and many other minor 
 engagements. He was mustered out with his regiment, in 
 August, 1865. He then returned to his home in Albany 
 and engaged in the practice of his profession, continuing 
 there until the fall of 1871, when he moved finally to Ma- 
 rietta, and there resumed practice, in which he is now en- 
 gaged. He afterwards became associated in partnership 
 with Dr. Samuel Hart, and with him now enjoys a large 
 and lucrative practice. He was married in October, 1866, 
 to Sarah J. Greene, of Newport, Washington county, Ohio. 
 
 'UNLAP, ALEX.ANDER, Physician and Surgeon, 
 was born in Brown county, Ohio, January I2lh, 
 1815. He is the son of William Dunlap and 
 Mary (Shepherd) Dunlap, both natives of Vir- 
 ginia. His father, a farmer, was one of the pio- 
 neers of Ohio, having moved with his parents to 
 Kentucky in 1782 or thereabout, and thence removed in 
 1796 to the former State, six years before its admission as a 
 State into the Union. His mother’s family came from 
 Shepherdstown, of which place its members were probably 
 the founders. He passed the freshman and sophomore 
 years of his college life at the University of Ohio, in 
 Athens, and his junior and senior years at the Miami Uni- 
 versity, graduating in 1836. He then commenced the study 
 of medicine under the instructions of his brother at Green- 
 field, Highland county, and attended lectures at the old 
 Cincinnati Medical College, where he graduated in 1839. 
 Subsequently associating himself in practice with his bro- 
 ther, he continued to reside in Greenfield until 1846, when 
 he removed to Ripley, Brown county, where he was en- 
 gaged in professional labors until 1856. Later he established 
 his office in Springfield, where he still resides. In 1843 
 came into collision with the fraternity by venturing to remove 
 an ov.rrian tumor. Although this operation had been per- 
 formed, in a few cases, as early as 1809, with some success, by 
 E[)hraim M’Dowell, of Kentucky, it had been denounced by 
 the profession and characterized as unjustifiable butchery, and 
 for more than thirty years had been abandoned as an ele- 
 ment of medical and surgical art. In the various publica- 
 tions there was nothing but a brief notice of its failure, and 
 the condemnation of the faculty. Clay, of England, had 
 performed the operation in 1842, and Atlee, of Philadelphia, 
 in the summer of 1843. Two months after Atlee’s opera- 
 tion, he, not then having heard of the cases of those two 
 jiractitioners, and following only the traditional report of 
 M’ Dowell’s case, ventured, at the earnest solicitation of the 
 patient, who was apprised of the risk, to undertake the 
 operation. Surrounded by a few country physicians, he 
 finally undertook the case, and removed successfully a 
 tumor weighing forty-five pounds. A few weeks later the 
 patient died, and the operation was denounced as altogether 
 
 unwarrantable on the part of a“ country surgeon,” while the 
 medical journals refused to report the case. The woman’s 
 death had, however, not been the direct result of the operation, 
 and though frowned upon in many quarters, he persevered 
 in his studies and practice until a brilliant success dissipated 
 entirely the clouds of prejudice. To-day, his reputation as 
 an ovariotomist is co-extensive with the circulation of med- 
 ical literature, while his practice extends throughout the 
 central and western portion of the United States. Down to 
 the present time he has performed nearly one hundred oper- 
 ations, and has reported the subject ably and exhaustively. 
 In eighty per cent, of his cases, he has met with complete 
 success — a higher estimate than may be awarded to any 
 other American or European ovariotomist, with but a singl.e 
 exception. He has outlived denunciation, and in 1S68 re- 
 ceived from the faculty of the State of Ohio the signal com- 
 pliment of an election to the Presidency of the Ohio Medi- 
 cal Society. He has also been made one of the Judicial 
 Council for the American Medical Association. He has 
 lately been appointed to a professorship in the Starling 
 Medical College of Columbus, Ohio. He has a strong 
 natural proclivity for surgery, which early developed itself, 
 and which has been cultivated by close reading and an 
 extensive and varied practice. In “ Gross’s Svstem of 
 Surgery,” vol. ii., he is reported, under the heading “ Li- 
 thotomy,” as “ having successfully removed a stone weighing 
 twenty ounces,” the largest ever removed from a living 
 person. Also in this branch of surgery his practice has 
 been very extensive. Among exceptional cases, he has 
 three times removed the under-jaw, once ligated the com- 
 mon carotid artery, and once removed the clavicle. He 
 was married March 27th, 1839, to Maria Elizabeth Bell, of 
 Highland county, Ohio, by whom he has had three chil- 
 dren : two sons, one of whom died in childhood ; the other, 
 Charles W. Dunlap, is now associated with him in his pro- 
 fessional practice; and a daughter, Mary I-Ilizabeth Dunlap, 
 who was married to William Hamilton, of Springfield. 
 
 ^HACKER, JOHN A., M. D., Editor of the Medi- 
 cal Nc 7 vs, was born in the village of Goshen, 
 Clermont county, Ohio, at a point about twenty 
 miles distant from Cincinnati, January ist, 1S33. 
 His father, John Thacker, was also a physician, 
 whose father moved to Ohio from the State of 
 New Vork at an early date. On the paternal side there 
 exists a family record which dates back to 1750. His fore- 
 fathers were highly respectable farmers in easy circum- 
 stances. On the maternal side the family history extends to 
 a period preceding for many years the revolt of the colonies, 
 to a Mr. Gardner, who came from England, and purchased 
 the island in Long Island Sound known as “ Gardner’s 
 Island.” His maternal grandmother, whose maiden name 
 was Lucretia Willis, was a cousin of the wife of General 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOILLDIA. 
 
 127 
 
 Greene,- of Revolutionary celebrity. In his earlier clays he 
 attended the common schools of his village, and also the 
 ^Vittenberg College, of Springfield, Ohio. On the comple- 
 tion of his general literary education, he commenced the 
 study of medicine under the preceplorship of a second 
 cousin. Dr. Townsend Thacker, of Goshen, Ohio, and 
 March 1st, 1856, graduated at the Miami Medical College. 
 The day succeeding the reception of his diploma, he, with 
 a number of other competitors, was examined in order to 
 ascertain his fitness for an important position in the St. 
 John’s Hospital, of Cincinnati, now known as the Good 
 Samaritan Hospital. On this occasion he was one of the 
 two succe.ssful candidates. His stay in the hospital was, how- 
 ever, of limited duration, for, receiving the appointment of 
 Physician to the Himilton County Lunatic Asylum, he at 
 once removed to that institution. At the expiration of ten 
 months he resigned his position in the a.syluin, and entered 
 on the practice of medicine in Cincinnati, where he has 
 since resided. While engaged in the .Vsyluin, although 
 nominally the assistant physician, the superintendence of the 
 entire establishment devolved on him, the nominal superin- 
 tendent not residing on the premises, and visiting the house 
 but a few times per w'eek, his visits averaging in duration 
 from a half hour to an hour. During the early period of 
 his practice he acted for a time as Secretary of the Academy, 
 of Medicine of Cincinnati, and prepared its proceedings, 
 embodying lengthy discussions from month to month, for 
 publication in the medical journalsi He is a ready writer, 
 and has contributed extensively to both literary and medical 
 journals. During the existence of the Qiiartei'Iy yoitrnal 
 of Psychological Medicine, of New Yotk, edited by Professor 
 W. .A. Hammond, M. D., he published in its columns 
 many interesting and valuable articles on subjects of 
 Psychology. Several of those contributions attracted much 
 attention, and received highly eulogistic notices from the 
 press — one of them afterward appearing in an English 
 Quarterly. He has also been a contributor to the London 
 Lancet; and in the Monthly AFicroscopical yournal of 
 London, for .April, 1875, is a lengthy article written by him, 
 copied from the journal which he at present edits, the 
 Cincitmati Medical Xe-uos, rn the performance of micro- 
 scopic leases of various powers. During the years 1861- 
 62, he edited the Cincinnati Medical and Surgical News, 
 and in 1868 was made editor of the Medical Repertory, 
 which journal he continues to edit, its name having been 
 changed to the Medical Ncsus. His vigorous editorial 
 writings contributed importantly to the breaking down of 
 the almost entire monopoly of the Cincinnati Hospital by a 
 single medical college, and was the cause, in a great meas- 
 ure, of the establishment by the trustees of the institution 
 of a rule by which college professors were rendered incapa- 
 ble of holding a position upon the hospital staff. And this 
 was the first time in the history of the hospital that all the 
 regular medical colleges enjoyed its clinical advantages 
 on an equal footing. During the years 1863-64 he held 
 
 the Chair of Anatomy in the Cincinnati College of Med- 
 icine and Surgery, lecturing through two terms. Al- 
 though he taught anatomy acceptably, he resigned its pro- 
 fessorship in consequence of the chair not being in accord- 
 ance with his tastes. In the fall of 1867 he was made 
 Professor of Psychology and Diseases of the Mind in the 
 same institution, a branch of science congenial to his taste, 
 and in whose cultivation he has expended much time and 
 attention. In 1871, upon a reorganization of the faculty, he 
 became Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine, 
 vice Dr. B. .S. Lawson, resigned, and has since occupied 
 that chair. He has also devoted his attention closely and 
 persistently to microscopy, and has probably the greatest 
 number of fine lenses of eminent makers throughout the 
 world of any private individual in the United States. He 
 possesses also a very large and rich cabinet of microscopic 
 objects, and the Medical News contains a microscopic de- 
 partment (a need met by no other journal in the country), 
 to which many of the most distinguished microscopists con- 
 tribute. He is an honorary member of several microscopic 
 societies, in Memphis, San Francisco, etc., and is a member 
 also of various medical societies. 
 
 AY, GILBERT OTIS, Superintendent of the Ohio 
 Institution for the education of the Deaf and Dumb 
 at Columbus, was born November 8th, 1834, at 
 Wadsworth, Medina county, Ohio. His father 
 belonged to the clerical profession, and, as 
 well as his mother, descended from a long line 
 of sturdy Massachusetts yeomanry. They left that State at 
 the time of the early western emigration, and he soon fell a 
 victim to the malarial diseases of a new State. The care 
 and training of Gilbert, his only son, devolved upon the 
 mother, and to his education she devoted her time and 
 energy, supporting herself and him by her own manual 
 labor, and reserving his slender patrimony for future use. 
 The childhood and youth of Mr. Fay were spent in her 
 native village. His attendance at school was limited to 
 the winter sessions, but by application and under the guid- 
 ance of his mother, he managed to acquire a substantial 
 knowledge of the English branches of study with thorough- 
 ness and rapidity. As he advanced to manhood, the w'ell- 
 husbanded patrimony and his mother’s self-denial secured 
 to him increased facilities for obtaining a comprehensive 
 education. He attended successively Phillips Academy, 
 Yale College, and Andover .Seminary, and obtained in this 
 prolonged course of study a refined, classical, and yet a 
 thoroughly practical culture. He became a teacher in 1862 
 in the institution which has since been conducted w ith so 
 much success under his charge. In 1866 he was appointed 
 as superintendent, and had the satisfaction of witnessing 
 the completion of the new’ building and its occupation in 
 1868. The attendance in the school has increased from one 
 
I2S 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 luintlred and fifty to four hundred, and the most gratifying 
 results have been achieved by the methods of teaching 
 adopted and carried out by Mr. Fay, who has proven him- 
 self eminently qualified for the exercise of his responsible 
 duties as superintendent. The intellectual life of the insti- 
 tution has been drawn more nearly parallel with that of the 
 public schools, while its domestic life has been character- 
 ized by comfort, health and economy. The industrial system 
 in use is rotaiy in its method, and is judiciously arranged 
 and efficiently carried out. Mr. Fay has earned a high 
 reputation for his skill in the exceedingly difficult as well 
 as exceedingly delicate work of instructing the unfortunate 
 youth who are incapable of speech and hearing, and has 
 raised the institution with which he is connected to a lead- 
 ing position for success in teaching deaf mutes. He was 
 married to Adelia C. Allen, of Leominster, August 25th, 
 1S63, who died in 1867. On April 14th 1868, he mar- 
 ried Mary J. Jarvis, of Massillon, Ohio. 
 
 UTI.IFF, HON. MILTON, Lawyer and ex-Chief- 
 Justice of the State of Ohio, was born, October 
 i6th, 1806, in Trumbull county, Ohio. He is a 
 son of the late Samuel and Ruth (Granger) Sut- 
 lifif, who removed to western New York from 
 Connecticut, and from thence to the Western Re- 
 serve in 1S04, and settled on a farm in Trumbull county. 
 His Other was a firmer of intelligence and limited educa- 
 tion, but understood surveying and had taught school. His 
 mother was a cousin of Gideon Granger, Postmaster-General 
 under Jefferson. Though her early opportunities for educa- 
 tion were very limited, she was a woman of remarkable 
 memory and extensive reading. Her character was marked 
 by a devout piety and great resolution. Her father fell in 
 the war for independence, and her husband also had been a 
 soldier in the same cause, when only a boy of sixteen. 
 They had six children, all sons, four of whom became law- 
 yers, and achieved distinction in their profession. The 
 means of his parents being limited. Judge Sutlifif received 
 his early education in the district school, and by private in- 
 struction from a clergyman in the vicinity, from whom he 
 acquired some knowledge of mathematics and the classical 
 languages, paying for his tuition by manual labor. When 
 he was seventeen years old, he taught a private school in 
 Ohio, and after a few years went to the Southern States to 
 teach, remaining and teaching for a time in ^^lssissippi and 
 Louisiana. While teaching there, at his leisure hours he 
 continued his reading law, which he had before commenced. 
 His friends there offered favorable inducements to him for 
 a permanent residence in that sunny clime, but his northern 
 education and settled aversion to the institution of slavery, 
 and a desire to perfect his education, induced him to re- 
 turn to Ohio. Upon his return he entered Western Reserve 
 College in 1830, recited in two classes the first year, and 
 
 graduated in 1833, with the degree of A. B. Shortly after 
 entering that institution, the subject of the abolition of 
 American slavery, which had been advocated by Lundy in 
 a paper. The Genius of Emancipalioii, for a time published 
 by him in Baltimore, and afterwards revived or continued 
 by Garrison in a small paper, Ihe Liberator, at Boston, in 
 1830 (and some numbers of which had been sent to the 
 faculty), had been introduced into the college by the presi- 
 dent of the college, Charles B. Storrs, and Professors Eliezer 
 Wright and Beriah Green, men of eminent ability, approv- 
 ing and advocating the immediate abolition of slavery. The 
 trustees and other members of the faculty opposed these 
 views, with most of the students. Sutliff and a few others 
 earnestly approved. The opposition and prejudice by the 
 opponents to abolition, as then termed, on the part of the 
 trustees of the college and the public generally, at that 
 time, 1833, had become so intense that the president and 
 those professors resigned their places rather than compro- 
 mise their sentiments. Lfpon the commencement occasion 
 of 1833, the few anti-slavery men then present formed an 
 Anti-slavery Association, with the special object to dissemi- 
 nate intelligence, and enlist an interest in the anti-slavery 
 subject throughout the Reserve. Sutliff, who, by his knowl- 
 edge of law, and experience in discussing the question in 
 debates with other students, had, for some time, been thus 
 regarded by the faculty and students as a vei-y logical and 
 able advocate, volunteered his services to disseminate intel- 
 ligence by lectures and publications on the subject of slavery 
 throughout all the counties on the Reserve. His offer was 
 gladly accepted by the Association, but they had no funds, 
 and Sutlifif was then poor. He, however, borrowed money, 
 and proceeded to redeem his pledge, without loss of time — 
 a notable exception to the saying, “ Who goeth a warfare at 
 any time at his own charges ? ” The task undertaken re- 
 quired not only ability, with candor and courage, but a pa- 
 tient perseverance. The undertaking, supposed to require 
 but a few weeks, required very unexpectedly a full year for 
 its completion. During that time Sutliff, journeying on 
 horseback, effected anti-slavery organizations throughout 
 every county on the Reserve, attended with other pioneers 
 at Philadelphia, in December, 1833, to form the National 
 Anti-slavery Society, and being appointed liy that society, 
 debated the relative merits of the Anti-slavery and Coloniz- 
 ation Societies with the late Walter P'orward before the 
 Anniversary held at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in May, 1834, 
 and lectured on the subject at Cannonsburgh and Washing- 
 ton Colleges, and discussed the merits of the subject for 
 some days with the faculty of Washington College in that 
 State, the college exercises being suspended by the faculty 
 for that purpose. He, at an expense of a year’s time and 
 $200 and up, and expenses, without asking or receiving 
 any remuneration, completed his undertaking. Then he 
 obtained admittance to the bar, in 1834, and at once settled 
 at Warren, and engaged in the practice of his profession. 
 The battle for freedom was afterwards continued, with 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL E^’CVCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 -9 
 
 Chase and Giddings and Wade, and other contemporaries, of 
 Ohio, in the vanguard. The great triumph came at last, but 
 this is not the place for its history. Judge Sutlifif continued 
 in the fight until victory crowned the gallant host, but the 
 press of a large professional business, and an indisposition 
 towards a political life, made his name less conspicuous than 
 others towards the close of the struggle. He was elected 
 to the Ohio Legislature in 1S49, and the Free .Soil party, 
 which party held the balance of power in the Assembly, 
 secured the election of Salmon P. Chase to the United 
 .States Senate. In 1850 he was elected to the upper 
 house of the Legislature, and the same potent balance of 
 power compassed the election of Wade to the United .States 
 senatorship. In 1S57 he was elected to the Supreme Bench, 
 t.aking his seat in February, 1858. He served five years, 
 during the last of which he w.as Chief Justice. In 1863 he 
 resumed the practice of his profession, and in 1S72 was 
 nomin.ated for Congress by the Liberal Repuldican party, 
 but with the Greeley ticket he was alike defeated. He is 
 now in his si.xty-ninth year, in the enjoyment of good 
 health, and still continues the practice of his profession. He 
 has acquired a competency, but has never married. 
 
 ECK, WILLIAM, Merchant and Manufacturer, 
 was born November 21st, 1821, in the Electorate 
 of Hesse Cassel, Germany, and is a son of Freid- 
 rich Carl and Mary Magdelene (Hooffman) Beck. 
 His ancestry belonged to the higher class of 
 Germans. His father was a printer, and died at 
 the age of thirty-four years, when Willi.am was but three 
 years of age. His widow survived him forty-two years, and 
 died January 3d, 1866, at the advanced age of eighty-two 
 years, retaining her mental faculties 'unimpaired to the end 
 of life. When five years of age, William was sent to school, 
 and was most constant in his attendance until he reached 
 the age of thirteen and a half years, during which period he 
 acquired an excellent German education. At the expiration 
 of his school studies, his mother jilaced him, 1835, in a car- 
 penter shop, to learn that trade, but on account of ill treat- 
 ment he remained there but two months, and thence re- 
 turned home. He was then apprenticed to a tailor, with 
 which employment he was well pleased, and he succeeded 
 in acquiring a thorough knowledge of the business during 
 the stipulated three yearn, 1838, which formed his term of 
 service. lie was now not quite eighteen years of age, but 
 a master of his trade, though he could not, .as yet, enter into 
 business for himself. According to the Gennan laws and 
 immemorial custom, he was required to travel 3s a journey- 
 man tailor for a certain length of time. He accordingly set 
 out on foot, with his knapsack on his back, and travelled 
 through northern and eastern Germany from August 15th, 
 1838, to January, 1841, working diligently in various cities 
 and towns. He was, at the expiration of this period, re- 
 •7 
 
 quired to return home, in order to undergo an examination 
 by the War Department with a view to entering the army. 
 This, however, he evaded by purchasing a substitute, re- 
 ceiving his exemption pajiers, and being released from 
 military dutie.s. He then resumed his pedestrian travel, 
 which he followed for eight years more, traveliing through 
 Bavaria, Switzerland, France, Italy and Austria, working iji 
 all the principal cities. Having more than fulfilled the 
 travelling requirements of the country, he returned home to 
 undergo his final examination preparatory to his engaging 
 in business on his own account. This examination was a 
 rigid one, and was conducted by a committee of five master- 
 workmen, all practical tailors, duly appointed for that pur- 
 pose, to ascertain his proficiency in his calling. He was 
 required to take the full measure of a man for a complete 
 suit of clothes, coat, vest, and pantaloons. This process 
 having been ascertained to be correct, he was required to 
 cut the cloth, and subsequently to make the garments with 
 his own hands, being at all times under the care and guar- 
 dianship of one of the committee who never lost sight of 
 him during the entire period of his ordeal. The suit was 
 completed to the entire satisfaction of the committee, and 
 he thereupon received his certificate in due form, which au- 
 thorized him to commence business. In 1849 I's was regu- 
 larly established as a merchant tailor, and he succeeded 
 beyond his most sanguine expectation, being recommended 
 and patronized by the gentry and nobility, among these the 
 celebrated Von Brombach and Baron Von Schwartzenburg, 
 beside other high State dignitaries. After conducting the busi- 
 ness very successfully for three years, he m.anifesled a desire 
 to try his fortunes in America; so he disposed of his stock, 
 gave his mother the house he owned, and with a little over 
 §500 in gold, together with a small stock of goods, bade 
 adieu to the fatherland, September 15th, 1852, and fifteen 
 days thereafter arrived in Philadelphia, reaching Cincinnati 
 in one week, October 9th, 1852. He did not find his line 
 of business very brisk, the Israelites seeming to have a 
 monopoly of the clothing trade, and withal he was totally 
 unacquainted with the English language. He, however, 
 commenced making cloaks for Mr. White and Mr. Lee, on 
 Fourth street, but as his pay was meagre, he concluded to 
 try something else. Having purchased a lot of shoes, he 
 commenced the peddling business, but only succeeded in 
 disposing of one pair. He next undertook to work on over- 
 gaiters for one Koehler and others, but trade being in a stag- 
 nant condition, he answered an advertisement for a gardener 
 at Mount Washington, and undertook to fill that position. 
 The work, however, proved too laborious, so he returned 
 to the city, where he became a cutter in Mr. Stadler & 
 fjrothers’ establishments until 1857, when he started in busi- 
 ne.ss, on Central avenue, in the line of boys’ clothing and 
 masquerade costumes. In 1858 he removed to No. 266 
 Fifth street, where he continued the same business, and the 
 following year leased the adjoining lot, and erected the 
 house No. 264, where he carried on a very lucrative trade. 
 
1 30 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 In 1865 he made a trip to Europe, in company with his 
 eldest son, August, and on his return to Cincinnati, disposed 
 of his establishment with a view of returning to Germany. 
 About that time, however, the German war Irroke out, and 
 he abatidoned the idea. In i 865 he opened a store at the 
 corner of Plum and Fifth streets, remaining there one year, 
 when he purchased a house on Vine street between Sixth 
 and Seventh, where he opened a restaurant. In 1869 he 
 sold out this establishment, and removed to No. 74 Fifth 
 street, and two years later, on account of the houses being 
 torn down, to Longworth and Central avenue. At this 
 Latter stand, however, his business did not prove so success- 
 ful ; so he removed the same year to No. 264 Vine street, 
 opposite the Public Library, and commenced the business 
 of manufacturing regalia, masonic goods and masquerade 
 costumes, which he has conducted very extensively and 
 successfully. Four years after, finding these premises loo 
 circumscribed for his rapidly extended business, he leased a 
 three-story house on the corner of Vine and .Seventh streets, 
 to which he built for his business an addition ; and he now 
 possesses one of the finest stores in the city, where he ex- 
 pects to remain during the continuance of his business life. 
 By perseverance and close attention to business, he has 
 amassed a competency, and he appreciates and enjoys the 
 reward of his labors. He is prominently identified with 
 many of the leading benevolent organizations of the city, 
 among which may be named the Red Men, Odd Fellows, 
 Knights of Pythias, the Masonic Order up to Knights Tem- 
 plar, the .Seven Wise Men, Good Fellows, and the United 
 Working Men. When on his way to the United States, in 
 1852, he met in Liverpool a gentleman by the name of 
 I'uchs, whose sister Elizabeth was on her way to America. 
 He was asked to take charge of her, and see that she was 
 properly cared for during her long and hazardous journey. 
 So faithful was he in attentions to her comfort, that they 
 have been continued ever since. They were united in mar- 
 riage February 14th, 1853, and five children have Itlessed 
 this union, all of whom are now living. The oldest son, 
 August, now twenty-two years old, has been in business 
 with him since he left the school. 
 
 LDWELL, JOHN DAV, so well known through- 
 out Ohio as the “ Universal Secretary,” was born 
 in Zanesville, Ohio, December 28th, 1816. In 
 the year 1814, his mother, Harriet Wesley Day, 
 of Harford county, Maryland, while on a wed- 
 ding party in the Bay of Baltimore, was captured 
 by the British, and placed a prisoner on board of the com- 
 modore’s vessel, at the time Thomas Scott Key wrote the 
 famous “ Star-Spangled Banner.” Key gave her a copy in 
 his own handwriting. His father, James Caldwell, was of 
 Scotch-Irish lineage. The Caldwells were of the stock of 
 Scotch-Irish who became the pioneer preachers, educators 
 
 and millwrights of New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Virginia. 
 John Day, whose name he bears, was the pioneer printer 
 and book publisher of London in the fifteenth century. On 
 his tombstone it is stated that he was the original publisher 
 of Fox’s “ Book of Martyrs.” Mr. Caldwell was for nearly 
 three years a student at Kenyon College. While yet a boy 
 he was employed in the establishment of Mr. Peabody — ■ 
 brother of the great banker and philanthropist — who was 
 visiting Zanesville with auction goods ; he was also clerk 
 with Professor Thompson, chemist, at the same place, and 
 aided him in experiments that resulted in the discovery of 
 the composition of Blackwell’s matches, and in the manu- 
 facture, about the year 1832, of the first friction matches 
 made in this country. In 1835 he came to Cincinnati, and 
 until 1843 eng.aged as clerk on board of steamboats running 
 on the Ohio and the Mississippi rivers. After this he was 
 transportation agent of the Little Miami Railroad Company, 
 the first chosen Secretary of the Cincinnati, Hamilton & 
 D.ayton Railroad Comp.any, again entered the service of the 
 Little Miami Railroad Company, and was then clerk in 
 Greene’s Express, the pioneer organization at Cincinnati. 
 Later he became the sole proprietor of the Atlas and Chron- 
 icle newspaper. This was in the Scott campaign, and 
 Murat Halstead, now of the Cincinnati Commercial, then 
 received his first engagement as a writer for a daily paper 
 with Mr. Caldwell. He subsequently sold out to the Cin- 
 cinnati Gazette, and became a stockholder and local editor 
 in that paper in connection with Judge John C. Wright, 
 Crafts J. Wright, William Schouler, and Luther B. Bruen. 
 On disposing of his interest in the Gazette he served for two 
 years as Clerk of the School Board of Cincinnati, when he 
 resigned on being chosen by the Ohio State Teachers’ As- 
 sociation to edit their yonrnal of Education, which he 
 conducted for one year. Subsequently he was Clerk of the 
 Board of City Improvements of Cincinnati, and during two 
 years of the war Reporting Clerk of the Ohio House of 
 Representatives. In 1850 he acted as Assistant Secretary 
 to the Grand Lodge of Masons of Ohio, and has continued, 
 by successive elections each year since. Grand .Secretary 
 also of three other Grand Masonic bodies. P'or nine years 
 he was Grand Recorder and Grand Secretary of the Grand 
 Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States, and 
 also of the General Grand Chapter Royal Arch Masons of 
 the United States. Since 1856 he has been devoted to the 
 interes's of the Pioneer Association of Cincinnati, of which 
 he remains the secretary. He is an assiduous student and 
 collector of the local history of the city, but has published 
 a few tracts only of his accumulated manuscript. He was 
 at one period Secretary and Librarian of the Ohio Histori- 
 cal Society, and first Librarian of the Free Public Libraiy 
 of Cincinnati, which was organized in his office when he 
 was clerk of the public schools. On the outbreak of the 
 rebellion, on the first day of news of need for a popular 
 rally, he headed the movement in Cincinnati, and was the 
 organizer of the “ Home Guard,” and became Chairman of 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 the Committee of Safety until a more perfect organization 
 ■w as effected for the defence of the city. For three months 
 he was Volunteer Adjutant General on staff of General 
 Burbank in charge of the military of the city. He organ- 
 ized the Sanitary Fair, and was its secretary. By its ac- 
 tivity over a quarter of a million of dollars was placed in 
 the treasury of the Sanitary Commission. He organized the 
 Soldiers’ Family Fund, the Refugee Relief Association, 
 and was the active Secretary of the National Union Asso- 
 ciation, which was so effective in pubiic meetings and by 
 loyal publications. All these services were freely volun- 
 teered for the public good without charge. His labors were 
 unremitting, his zeal unquenchable, and his services most 
 efficient. Mr. Caldwell was married in 1S45 Margaret, 
 daughter of Captain William Templeton, of Cincinnati. 
 Their only child died in infancy. Mr. Caldwell is at 
 ))resent proprietor of the Masonic Supply establishment. 
 No. 233 Fourth street, Cincinnati. 
 
 WVER, HON. DENNIS, Lawyer, Judge of the 
 
 I 
 
 Probate Court of Montgomery county, Ohio, and 
 Founder of the Order of the Irish Catholic 
 Benevolent Union, was born in the parish of 
 P'ethard county, Tipperary, Ireland, February 2d, 
 1830. His parents were Cornelius Dwyer and 
 Bridget (Burns) Dwyer, people in moderate circumstances, 
 who followed the vocation of farming. While in his tenth 
 year he lost his father, and from his seventh until his thir- 
 teenth year of age, he attended an excellent national school 
 located in the vicinity of his home, and there acquired a 
 substantial English and mathematical education, with some 
 knowledge of Latin and German. He subsequently went 
 to Clonmell to live with an uncle, a man of notable mechan- 
 ical genius and unusual scientific attainments. With him he 
 learned the trade of clock and watch making, and at the 
 same time improved his education by attending school and 
 also through his acquaintance with a circle of scientific and 
 scholastic disputants who were often guests at the house of 
 his relative. Having witnessed the destitution and horrible 
 suffering attendant on the famine, his s]:)irit naturally re- 
 volted against that tyrannous system of repression of Irish 
 commerce and Irish manufactures, which was, in a measure, 
 responsible for the calamitous visitation. His uncle was a 
 
 member of the O'Connell Petitioning Law and Order Party, 
 and looked to a calm and steady policy for a final redress 
 of grievances. He, however, was le.ss circumspect. Fired 
 with an enthusiastic patriotism more creditable to his heart 
 than his judgment, he broke away from the restraining in- 
 fluence of his uncle, and fled to Slievenamon Mountain, to 
 join O’Brien, Meagher, Dahoney, and the army of “Young 
 Icelanders ” gathered on the mountain, and armed with 
 pikes and clubs. Opposed by the strong power of the 
 government, the bubble of rebellion shone for a few days, j 
 
 131 
 
 then burst, and the insurgent forces were scattered like 
 chaff before the' winds. To avoid arrest he then fled to 
 America, and in December, 1848, landed in New Orleans, 
 Louisiana. In the ensuing spring, he found himself in 
 Ohio, in very straitened circumstances, and, during that 
 year, worked as a farm laborer in Miami county. His 
 misery was then increased by an attack of ague, and he de- 
 cided to remove to Dayton, where he served a regular 
 apprenticeship at the trade of cabinet-making, and afterwards 
 worked at pattern-making, and made the patterns for the 
 first steam-engine used in United Brethren printing establish- 
 ment in Dayton, while engaging at the same time in the 
 study of law. Pursuing his legal studies under the direction 
 of an attorney, while working assiduously at his mechanical 
 occupation, he was admitted to the bar in 1857. He con- 
 tinued, however, to work at his trade until 1S60, from 
 w'hich time until 1863 he acted as Recording Clerk in the 
 County Clerk’s office. He was afterw'ards engaged as a 
 bookkeejier in Dayton until his election in 1866 to the 
 office of Probate Judge of the county. He w'as re-elected 
 to the same position in 1869, and again in 1872, and, be- 
 sides, served for four years as a member of the Board of 
 Education in Dayton, introducing many improvements into 
 the public schools. He possesses many qualities which fit 
 him peculiarly for public life — a genial temper, an ardent 
 nature balanced by the wisdom of varied experience, ex- 
 tensive general reading, and an easy and graceful address. 
 On all subjects his opinions are his convictions, and while 
 he firmly upholds them, he has the utmost respect for the 
 opinions of those with whom he may differ. He is endowed 
 also with the executive ability to control and harmonize large 
 numbers, a natural gift which Inought him prominently be- 
 fore the public in 1869, when he organized at Dayton the 
 Irish Catholic Benevolent Union, an association whose 
 ramifications now extend over nearly every State in the 
 Union, and into Canada, embracing among its members 
 many thousands of the most active and intelligent Irish 
 Catholics in America. He enjoyed the friendship and con- 
 fidence of the late Hon. C. L. Vallandigham, and w’as asso- 
 ciated with him in the management of the Dayton Herald 
 and Empire, from 1868 to 1870. In politics he has always 
 been attached to the Democratic party, and frequently 
 has acted as Chairman of the Democratic Committees, and 
 been also the representative of his party at the various con- 
 ventions. At the present time he officiates as President of 
 the National Board of Immigration of the Irish Catholic 
 Benevolent Union. He was married May 9th, 1855, to 
 .^nnie A. Childs, daughter of John Childs and Mary 
 fBingham) Childs, formerly of Richmond, Virginia. She 
 died October i8lh, 1870, leaving issue of five children — 
 three sons and two daughters; two other children having 
 died in infancy. Judge Dwyer is now in the meridian of 
 his manhood, and with his acknowledged energy, ability 
 and popularity, we bespeak for him a distingui.shcd 
 future. 
 
132 
 
 B lOGR API I ICAL EXC VCLOP.EDI A. 
 
 ' ■‘'/STE, DAVID K., Judge of the First Ohio Judicial 
 District, aud the oldest representative of the Cin- 
 cinnati bar, is tlie son of Moses and Ann Este, 
 of Morristown, New Jersey, and was born Octo- 
 ber 2 1st, 1785. Captain Este, his father, was 
 severely wounded at the battle of Monmouth, and 
 would have died from exposure but for the personal atten- 
 tions of Colonel Hamilton, aide to General Washington, wlio 
 found him among the dead and dying, and provided him 
 with food and medical assistance. He was subsequently 
 Collector of Revenue under President Adams, and died at 
 the age of eighty-four. David K., his son, received his 
 elementary education in his native town, and entered 
 Princeton College, where he pursued the full course of 
 studies, and graduated with distinction in 1803. In April, 
 1804, he commenced to read law in the office of Gabriel 
 Ford, Esc]., at Morristown, and after thorough preparation, 
 was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court at Trenton, 
 in May, iSoS. He commenced practice in Morristown at 
 once, and after continuing there one year as a lawyer, he 
 removed to Cincinnati, Ohio ; but with the intention of 
 making his practice a very general one, covering all the 
 courts in that judicial district, including the United .States 
 District and Circuit Courts at Chillicothe, and subsequently 
 at Columbus, he opened an office in Hamilton in order to 
 be centrally located. In the spring of 1814 he located in 
 Cincinnati, and established himself at the corner of Main 
 and Fifth streets, and by careful attention to his business 
 and the exercise of rare legal talent, he soon secured a 
 very large and influential clientage. In 1S17 he formed a 
 ]rartnership with Bellamy Stowi>i and this business relation- 
 ship continued until 1821. In 1830 lie admitted Ezekiel 
 Haines to an interest in his large and increasing business, 
 and this partnership existed until Mr. Este was made Presi- 
 dent Judge of Hamilton county, and after the organization 
 of the Superior Court, in 1837, he was appointed its judge. 
 Upon the expiration of his term in the spring of 1S45, he 
 retired from public and professional life. His career at the 
 bar and on the bench was a distinguished one. He was 
 profoundly read in civil and criminal law, his knowledge 
 of the science being constantly improved by continuous re- 
 search. He was as indefatigable a worker as a student, 
 and gave to all the business intrusted to his care his close 
 attention. He was especially forcible as a pleader, and had 
 rare power for the analyzation of evidence in order to pre- 
 sent it clearly to the jury and the court, forming from it a 
 plain and easily understood exposition of the continuity of 
 circumstances involved in the case. He was skilful in the 
 interpretation of the law, and logical in his arguments, 
 which were models of rhetorical expression. Plis decisions 
 from the bench were accepted as authority, and were char- 
 acterized by an entire absence of personal bias. He was 
 at all times firm in his support of the integrity of the law. 
 These qualities won for him the sincere respect of the entire 
 community, and his retirement from professional duties was 
 
 regarded as a public loss. His career is closely identified wdth 
 the growth and prosperity of Cincinnati. He was zealous 
 in his efforts to secure public improvements, and to make 
 the city attractive, not alone as a jilace of residence, but as 
 a good field for capitalists, in tlie way of increasing mercan- 
 tile and commercial traffic. The first building erected by 
 him w'as his own residence on Main street. Subsequently 
 he erected fourteen structures on the same thoroughfare and 
 Ninth street, three on .Sycamore street, and one on Fourth 
 street. In 1858 he reared the handsome stone residence on 
 West Fourth street, which he now occupies. In the fall 
 of 1819 he was married to Lucy Ann, daughter of General 
 William Henry Harrison. She died in April, 1826, having 
 been the mother of four children, three of whom died when 
 quite young. The surviving daughter became the wife of 
 Joseph Reynolds, of Baltimore, and died in 1S69 at the age 
 of forty-seven years, leaving seven children. In May, 
 1829, Mr. Este married Louisa Miller, daughter of Judge 
 Wiliiam Miller, by whom he had .seven children, four living 
 at the present time. Judge Este is now ninety ye.ars of age, 
 and still takes a great interest in the course of public affairs. 
 For many years he has been Senior Warden of Christ Church, 
 of which he is a leading member. 
 
 AWREXCE, DANIEL, Retired Manufacturer, 
 was born in Cumberland county. New Jersey, 
 April 7th, 1809, and was the eldest child in a 
 family of seven children, whose parents were 
 Jonathan Lawrence and Tamzon (Massey) Law- 
 rence, both natives of New Jersey, and descended 
 from the early settlers of that Commonwealth. His father, 
 who was engaged chiefly in farming, moved to Hamilton 
 county, Ohio, in 1S17, and settled primarily in the place 
 now known .as Glendale. He died in this county, October 
 22d, 1832. His mother’s decease occurred in May, 1845. 
 His early education was obtained in the log school-houses 
 of the frontier settlements, which he attended when not 
 busied in farm and incidental labor. At the age of twenty- 
 throe, he took the place of his deceased father as the head 
 of his home, and for several years managed by incessant 
 industry to maintain the family in comfortable circumstances. 
 He was then engaged continuously in farming until the 
 spring of 1836, when he moved to Reading and established 
 himself in the tanning business, which he followed in the 
 same jdace until 1871. In this year he disposed of his in- 
 terest in the business and invested his money in real estate. 
 Since then he has not been actively employed in any enter- 
 prise of a mercantile character. Politically, he has been 
 successively a Whig and' a Republican, ami c.ast his first 
 vote in f.xvor of John (luincy Adams. Religiously, his feel- 
 ings incline him tow'ard the Swedenborgian Church, al- 
 though his views are not circumscribed by the doctrines of 
 any particular denomination. He was married, November 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOREDIA. 
 
 33 
 
 3d, 1840, to Laura 1 . Fosler, a native of Hamilton county, 
 whose parents were among the earliest settlers of this sec- 
 tion of the State, her father being one of the first Judges of 
 the Territorial Court; she died in April, 1865. He was 
 again married in March, 1866, to Mary P'. (Cortelyon) 
 Woodruff, a native of Plamilton county, whose parents were 
 also among the first settlei-s of that county. By this mar- 
 riage he has two children : Mary Elizabeth, born October 
 nth, 1868, and Daniel Lawrence, born January 18th, 1873. 
 
 I’ 
 
 iITTER, ARTHUR CARR, Mechanic, Farmer 
 and Lawyer, was born, Februaiy 24th, iSlo, in 
 Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, being the 
 sixth of thirteen children, whose parents were 
 Abraham and Mary Ann (Nicholas) Ritter. The 
 former was a native of Hagerstown, Maryland, 
 who succe.ssively settled in Somerset and Westmoreland 
 counties, and until he reached the age of forty-five he fol- 
 lowed the avocation of a joiner and carpenter. During the 
 remainder of his life he was engaged in farming. In 1816 
 he went to Cincinnati, making the journey on the Ohio 
 river on a flat-boat, which carried his family and his house- 
 hold effects. He resided two years in Cincinnati, and then 
 went on his farm in Sycamore township, Hamilton county, 
 where he lived until his death, August 17th, 1828. He 
 served as captain of a rifle company in the second war with 
 Great Britain, and proved a true marksman and a gallant 
 commander. Prior to his departure to Ohio he served as 
 Justice of the Peace, filling that office for eight years. Pie 
 was unusually well read in law, and performed the duties 
 of this position with energy' and intelligence. He left, at 
 his death, thirteen children, who all inherited the marked 
 characteristics of their parents, of which longevity was one. 
 The members of both the Ritter and Nicholas families usually 
 attained a ripe age, and were all substantial citizens of the 
 communities in which they resided. Mrs. Ritter was a 
 n.itive of Kings county, Virginia, who emigrated with her 
 parents to Somerset county, Pennsylvania, and was there 
 married, when sixteen years of age, to Abraham. She died, 
 May 2d, 1872, at Sharonville, Ohio. The educational fa- 
 cilities enjoyed by Arthur Carr Ritter in early life were very 
 few, but this lacking was made up by his close application 
 to substantial text-books at home. He was an industrious 
 laborer when a youth, and when eighteen began the trade 
 of a carpenter and joiner, which he assiduously followed for 
 thirty-five years in Sycamore township, Hamilton county. 
 In 1864 he turned his attention wholly to wagon-making 
 and general mechanical efforts, and closely applied himself 
 to this business until 1872, when he renounced the cares 
 of active life and retired to enjoy the competency amassed 
 by his enterprise, energy and economy. He had not long 
 pursued the trade of carpentering before his enterprise and 
 mathematical accuracy in making estimates and in super- 
 
 vising work secured him the reputation of a ma.ster builder, 
 and large contracts were placed in his hands. In the 
 period from 1852 to 1863 he found time fur the study of 
 theology, and often preached. He is a fluent and eloquent 
 speaker, and his sermons from the pulpit were very ef- 
 fective. With an excellent knowledge of the law, he prac- 
 tised for some time with success, and for five years acted as 
 Justice of the Peace. In 1862 he became identified with 
 the 83d Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served 
 with that command in the dual capacity of soldier and 
 chaplain for one year. He is a member of the Cumberland 
 Presbyterian Church, and has been an active and consci- 
 entious churchman since 1846. In politics he is a Repub- 
 lican, his first vote having been cast for Andrew Jackson. 
 He is a gentleman of great sociability, and is courteous in 
 manner to all who approach him. His experience is a 
 great and varied one, his life being a record of ceaseless 
 activity, while his knowledge, gathered not alone from 
 books, though 'he has always been a close student, is com- 
 prehensive in its scope. He was married, July 29th, 1830, 
 to .Sarah, daughter of Samuel Thompson, who descended 
 from Price Thompson, a soldier of the Revolution and one 
 of the original pioneers of Hamilton county, Ohio, having 
 as early as 1 790 settled in Sycamore township, on a section 
 of land belonging to the celebrated purchase. 
 
 ORBERT, JAMES I>., was born in Bucks county, 
 Pennsylvania, February 25th, 1796. He received 
 his education at Princeton College, and came to 
 Ohio in 1818 and taught for some years in an 
 academy at Lebanon, Warren county, having 
 under his instruction several who have since be- 
 come men of great distinction in various walks of life, 
 among them the great astronomer. General O. M. Mitchell, 
 who founded the Observatory at Cincinnati. He cairre to 
 Springfield in the autumn of 1824, and for several years 
 was engaged in teaching the languages, and afterwards, 
 having been admitted to the bar, was associated with Gen- 
 eral Sampson Mason in the practice of law. He succeeded 
 Joseph R. Swan as Judge of the Court of Common Pleas 
 for the Twelfth Judicial Circuit of Ohio, and was also Pro- 
 bate Judge for Clark county for several years. He was a 
 man of amiable disposition, deep religious convictions and 
 of the purest integrity of character. His scholastic attain- 
 ments were of the highest order, and his literary taste was 
 very fine. He was a trran of the most retiring and unob- 
 trusive irrodesty, yet firnr and immovable by love and 
 popular favor, or fear of man, in his devotion to u hat he 
 regarded as the right and truth. He lifted up his voice 
 and wielded his pen at an early date against op]rressiotr, 
 when no small amount of cour-age was requisite to maintairr 
 his views, but which have sirrce become popular. General 
 Sampson Mason, who was a man rrever superlative of 
 
134 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 praise, spoke of him at a meeting of the Springfield bar, 
 convened to pass resolutions of sympathy and respect, as 
 one whom no mode of praise could flatter. He died sud- 
 denly, May 15th, 1859, on the steamer “ Tecumseh,” on the 
 Mississippi river, near New Madrid, Missouri, on the pas- 
 sage up from New Orleans, where he had gone \tdth his 
 wife to bring liome their eldest son, who had been sick for 
 a long time in that city. He was buried with every mark 
 of affection and esteem from the bar and community. He 
 married, July 31st, 1821, Hannah C., daughter of Dr. John 
 C. Winans, of Lebanon, Warren county, Ohio, and with her 
 liad eight children, five of whom survive him, two sons and 
 three daughters. 
 
 Si 
 
 gD 
 
 OORMAN, CHRISTIAN L., Secretary, Treasurer 
 and General Manager of the Bellaire Manufac- 
 turing Company, was born in Mechanicsburg, 
 Pennsylvania, October 2Sth, 1825. His parents 
 also were natives of Pennsylvania. His father 
 was a carpenter. He attended school in his 
 native State until 1834, when he moved with his parents to 
 Columbiana county, Ohio, where he again attended school 
 until 183S. He then removed to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 
 and resided there until 1846, during that time learning the 
 trade of cabinetmaker under John McGrew, and working 
 for a brief period also as journeyman, while attending a 
 night-school in his leisure hours. In 1846 he settled at 
 Wheeling, where he worked as a journeyman at cabinet- 
 making until 1850. He then removed to Belmont county, 
 Ohio, and labored as a builder and house carpenter until 
 1858, when, after having served as Justice of the Peace, he 
 was elected Auditor of the county, and re-elected at the 
 expiration of his term. In 1861 he filled this office by 
 deputy and entered the army of the United States as Cap- 
 tain in the 43d Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, for which 
 body he had recruited a company. He remained in active 
 service until July, 1862, when he was detailed on recruiting 
 service. Subsequently he was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel 
 of the 98 h Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, and with that 
 body look part in the battle of Perryville, in October, 1S62, 
 in which engagement Colonel Webster was killed and he 
 was promoted to the rank of Colonel in the same regiment, 
 and remained in active service with it until the command 
 was reduced to 180 men, when, in the fall of 1863, he 
 resigned his position. He then returned to his home and 
 took a prominent part in the political campaign of 1863. 
 I.ater, he installed himself in the editorial chair of the 
 Be.'mont Chronicle, which he had purchased in 1861, and 
 controlled its publication from the fall of 1863 until it was 
 sold, in 1870. He finally removed to Bellaire, and organ- 
 ized the Bellaire Manufacturing Company, over whose 
 affairs he presided as President and Superintendent until 
 1873. Since this date he has acted as Secretary, Treasurer 
 and General Manager of the company, which controls an 
 
 extensive and flourishing business in reapers and threshing- 
 machines. He is quite an inventor, and has made several 
 important improvements in reapers and threshing-machines, 
 among which may be named a combined reaper and har- 
 vester, which may be used as a side-delivery reaper or a 
 harvester, upon which the binders ride to bind; an adjust- 
 able reel for harvesters ; an improvement in horse-powers, 
 and an adjustable side-rest for threshing-machines. While 
 'holding the office of Auditor he studied law, and after at- 
 tending a course of lectures received his diploma at the 
 Cincinnati Law College. Subsequently, while editing the 
 Chronicle, he practised his profession for a time, meeting 
 with fair success as a lawyer, until he concluded to turn his 
 attention to a business more in harmony with his tastes. At 
 the present time he is a member of the City Council of 
 Bellaire. His more prominent characteristics are energy, 
 integrity and a comprehensive knowledge of the require- 
 ments of business and public life. He was married, April 
 1st, 1846, to Martha Ebberl, of Wellsburg, West Virginia. 
 
 ROWN, WILLIAM P., senior partner of the firm 
 of Brown Brothers, Abstractors of Titles and 
 General Land and Loan Agents, was born in 
 Circleville, Pickaway county, Ohio, March 25th, 
 1842. On the maternal side he is a grandson 
 of John Cail Scott, of Alexandiia, Virginia, one 
 of the numerous descendants of the Rev. James Scott, of 
 Prince W’illiam county. On the paternal side he is a grand- 
 son of John Brown and Elizabeth Hutchins, of Norfolk, 
 Virginia. His parents were William Ballard Brown, an 
 agriculturist of Pickaway and Franklin counties, and Jane 
 (Scott) Brown. I lis earlier education was obtained in the 
 common schools located near his home, and at eighteen 
 years of age he graduated from the High School of Colum- 
 bus, and devoted the two succeeding years to teaching 
 school. F'rom 1S62 to 1866 he served in the capacity of 
 Assistant Engineer for the city of Columbus, and at the 
 expiration of that time was elected Surveyor of Franklin 
 county. This office he held for a period of six years, while 
 his thorough performance of the duties attached to the sur- 
 veyorship gave a lasting direction to his aims and energies, 
 and was also instrumental in fitting him for the profession 
 in which he was afterward engaged. Being joined by his 
 brother, in 1S69, they established the business in which he 
 is stiil an active worker, under the firm-style of Brown 
 Brothers. Beginning their business career on a compara- 
 tively limited basis, the brothers have, by steady application 
 and integrity in all their dealings, established the largest 
 connections of any othc house of the kind in the State, 
 requiring an extensive investment of capital. The exami- 
 nation of old land claims they have attended to as a 
 specialty, and in this line their relations extend into many 
 States, East and West. In connection with their business 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 135 
 
 of abstracting they have introduced the negotiation of loans 
 on first mortgage security, and by their extensive acquaint- 
 ance with titles and persons, and their very conservative 
 manner of business, are building up the most extensive loan 
 agency for the investment of trust funds in central Ohio. 
 He was married, April 30th, 1S73, Louisa IL, a grand- 
 daughter of Balser Hess, the highly respected pioneer 
 family of Clinton township, Franklin county, Ohio. 
 
 ROWX, JAMES FINLEY, partner of the firm 
 of Brown Brothers, Abstractors of Titles and 
 Commissioners of Deeds, brother of William P. 
 Brown, the senior partner before mentioned, was 
 born in Circleville, Pickaway county, Ohio, Feb- 
 ruary 4th, 1848. He was educated at the com- 
 mon schools of Columbus, and subsequently, from 1867 to 
 1869, was a .student in the Yirginia Military Institute. In 
 1869 he became associated with his brother in the business 
 which, since sustained by them, is now of such a vast 
 extent. 
 
 USE, ALEXANDER B., M. D., the oldest of nine 
 children whose parents were Robert Fuse and 
 Mary (Jones) Luse, was born in Butler county, 
 Ohio, I'ebruary 4th, 1809. His father, a native 
 of New Jersey, followed agricultural pursuits 
 through life ; after removing to Washington 
 county’, Pennsylvania, he remained there for several years, 
 and in 1806 came to Cincinnati, Ohio, settling ultimately 
 near that city, on the I.ittle Miami river. Later, he re- 
 moved to Butler county, Ohio, and settled on a farm near 
 Reily, in that county, and in 1814 moved seven miles dis- 
 tant, into Indiana, where he remained until his decease. 
 Throughout his career he was more or less extensively 
 connected with public affairs, and for a number of years 
 officiated as Justice of the Peace. His mother, also a native 
 of New Jersey, died in Franklin county, Indiana, in 1866. 
 His early education was limited, and received at the com- 
 mon schools located in the vicinity of his home. At the 
 age of seventeen, on the death of his father, he began life 
 on his own resources as a farm laborer. While in his 
 twentieth year he began the reading of medicine, under the 
 instruction of William McGill, M. D., a well-known prac- 
 titioner of Hamilton county, with whom he continued his 
 medical studies for a period of three years. During this 
 time he attended lectures at the Ohio Medical College of 
 Cincinnati, and in 1832 entered on the practice of his pro- 
 fession at Mount Pleasant, where he has since been suc- 
 cessfully engaged. Politically, he is attached to the Repub- 
 lican party, and, religiously, is a member of the Christian 
 Church, in which he has been for twenty years a zealous 
 
 deacon. He was married in 1834 to Hannah Hill, a 
 native of Hamilton county, and daughter of Samuel Hill, 
 one of the earlier pioneers and settlers of this section of the 
 State; she died in 1S43, leaving issue of three children. 
 He was again married in 1847 to Jemima Hunt, a native 
 of Plamilton county, Ohio, with whom he is now living. 
 
 ILLIAMSON, DAVID, Edge Tool Maker, was 
 born on the 6th of June, 1808, in Hunterdon 
 county, New Jersey. He comes of Revolutionary 
 stock, his father, John Williamson, having served 
 under Generals Greene and Washington, in the 
 Revolutionary army and participated in the battle 
 of Trenton. On the father's side David was descended 
 from the earliest settlers of Manhattan Island, and on the 
 mother’s side was of English descent. When the boy was 
 three years old his father emigrated to what was then the 
 far West, and with his family settled in Colerain township, 
 Hamilton county, Ohio. The first efforts of the pioneer 
 were directed towards developing a farm in the forest. 
 Trees were felled, stumps uprooted and all the toil incident 
 to a new settlement in those days undertaken and gone 
 through with ; and the result was a pleasant and comfort- 
 able home evoked from the wilderness in a very short time. 
 The pioneer’s sons were all stalwart, muscular boys, and with 
 their aid the father accomplished results that at first thought 
 would seem impossible. In the midst of such experiences and 
 surroundings young David grew up. So far as school op- 
 portunities were concerned his educational advantages were 
 limited; but of the education that comes with hard work, 
 self-reliance, contact with nature and with natural men, he 
 had his full share, and profited by it to the utmost. In 
 1825, in accordance with his own desire, he was appren- 
 ticed to the trade of edge-tool making in Cincinnati. He 
 learned his trade, and, as might be expected, he learned it 
 thoroughly, becoming a most finished mechanic. Even 
 now among the old settlers may be found many a favorite 
 old axe bearing his stamp. He has never, in the course of 
 his life, held any public office, but was always active and 
 prominent in the ranks of the old Whig party, and still 
 ranks himself as a Henry Clay Whig. When he was 
 twenty-five years old he married Elizabeth Huston, daugh- 
 ter of Paul Huston, an early settler and thriving farmer of 
 Hamilton county. Of this marriage four children, two 
 sons and two daughters, were the result. A notable event 
 occurred in the life of the eldest son, Paul IL, in the year 
 1858. In that year he started with an emigrant train for 
 California, going over the plains and mountains by an en- 
 tirely unexplored route. The train was attacked by the 
 Indians and most of the party were massacred. Young 
 Williamson escaped and returned to the States, making the 
 entire trip on foot, and arriving safely at home. He is now 
 
BIOGRAnilCAL EN'CVCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 136 
 
 Recorder of Hamilton County. The youngest son, Albert, 
 has been quite prominent in the real estate business, and is 
 now first Deputy in his brother’s office. 
 
 ^UMMINGS, SAMUEL, Machinist, was born in 
 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, November i6th, 
 1809. His father was an Irish Protestant and 
 one of the pioneers of the country. His mother 
 was born at Trenton, New Jersey, and was of 
 English origin. At the age of seven young 
 Cummings left home and commenced life for himself. 
 Much of the journey afoot, and with no ordinary hard- 
 ships, he made his way from his home in Philadelphia to 
 Pittsburgh. After trying several things unsuccessfully until 
 his fourteenth year, he went over to Pirminghani and was 
 regularly indentured to James Patterson to learn the lock 
 and whitesmithing trade. His father had now been some 
 time dead, and his mother had removed to Pittsburgh. 
 M’ith some exciting adventures he managed to move 
 smoothly on, and, by the time he was twenty years of age, 
 had learned his trade, obtained a passable education and 
 discharged all the obligations of his indenture. He now 
 commenced work as a journeyman for his former employer, 
 at a dollar a day, which was fine wages for the times. He 
 also began a course of rigid self-culture, which he kept up 
 for years. La the course of the first year’s labor he man- 
 aged to save $200. And a notable fact is that this really 
 became the nucleus of his fortune, and at no time after did 
 lie ever have less than the $200. Now, after making a trip 
 to different parts of the country, with a view to bettering 
 his condition, he returned to Pittsburgh and resumed work 
 for Mr. Patterson, and was soon after married to his 
 daughter, Sarah. Soon after his marriage he removed to 
 Cincinnati, and immediately commenced work in the lirass 
 foundry of John Tatem. In 1S32 his young wife fell a 
 victim to the cholera. After this great misfortune, being 
 discouraged, and the terrible malady having prostr.ated the 
 business of the city, he returned to Pittsburgh; but in the 
 fall of the same year he again began business in Cincinnati. 
 He now commenced for himself, in connection with Messrs. 
 Parker & Alexander. He soon found it to his advantage 
 to withdraw from this partnership and become an employe 
 in the same house. This was the old brass foundiy and 
 machine shop of W. G. Berry. The manufacture of locks 
 was now becoming a more important interest in the West ; 
 and having become acquainted with a valuable new lock, 
 manufactured in Cincinnati, he went to Pittsburgh, where 
 he remained several years and established his father-in-law 
 in the manufacture of this lock. He now returned per- 
 manently to Cincinnati and commenced business in the old 
 P'ront street shop, with Mr. Alexander as his partner. 
 Alexander soon after dying, the business was left entirely 
 to him. By careful, judicious management and honest 
 
 dealings with his customers, his trade soon became exten- 
 sive and valuable. After some changes and a continued 
 prosperity he finally admitted his son, Patterson, with a 
 partnership interest, under the firm-name of Samuel Cum- 
 mings & Son. Eor the first twenty years the busine.ss of 
 this house was mainly in brass work and in the building 
 of fire engines and light machinery. It is now almost 
 wholly engaged in the manufacture of fire hydrants, light 
 machinery and stop-valves for water-works, and is one of 
 the most safely conducted and reputable establishments of 
 its kind in the country. In 1850 he purchased property in 
 Newport, Kentucky, and has since been a resident of that 
 State. He soon became interested in the civil affairs of 
 Newport. He was elected President of the City Council 
 of Newport in 1S69. In 1871 he was re-elected, serving 
 in all four years. During his last term he inaugurated the 
 movement for the construction of the Newport Water-works. 
 To him, more than any man, are the people of Newport, 
 doubtless, indebted for their fine water-works and the 
 rejection of the Holly experiment. Since retiring from his 
 position in the city government, in 1873, interested 
 
 himself in the affairs of his own home and business. In 
 1838 he was married to Eliza Mason, who died of con- 
 sumption in 1867. In 1S72 he married the widow of Mar- 
 maduke Doddsworlh. Mr. Cummings’ career is a remark- 
 able one. He certainly ranks pre-eminently as a self-made 
 man. He is to-day a fine specimen of a well-preserved 
 man, with an ample fortune, the work of his own hands, 
 and a reputation of which he may justly be proud. 
 
 ffUTTLE, HON. GEORGE M., I.awyer and Judge 
 of the Court of Common Pleas, was born, June 
 19th, 1S15, in Litchfield county, Connecticut, and 
 is a son of liri and Harriet (Philliiis) Tuttle, for- 
 merly of that section. His father was a farmer 
 by occupation both in Connecticut and in Ohio. 
 George enjoyed the advantages of being educated in the 
 excellent New England common schools, and also attended 
 the academy, but, the means of his parents being limited, 
 he had to forego the collegiate course, and he owes the 
 main part of his education to his own persevering exertions 
 and studious habits. He commenced the study of the law 
 in the spring of 1837, in the office of Governor William S. 
 Hollibird, at Winsted, Connecticut, and in 1841, having 
 meanwhile been admitted to the bar, commenced the prac- 
 tice of his profession in Ashtabula county, Ohio, his father 
 \\ith his family having removed to that .State two years 
 previously. He continued there until the beginning of 
 1844, when he removed to Warren. In 1866 he was 
 elected President Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, 
 which position he most ably filled and for which he was 
 most eminently qualified ; he here gained an enviable repu- 
 tation with the bar of Ohio. In order, however, to devote 
 
PuA>. C9 
 
 
lUOGRArillCAL LNCVCLOr.LDIA. 
 
 137 
 
 himself exclusively lo the ]iractice of his profession, he re- 
 signed his office, January I'-t, 1872. In 1S73 he was chosen 
 to represent his district in the Constitutional Convention of 
 Ohio, over which the present Chief-Justice of the United 
 States Supreme Court was then the presiding officer. This 
 convention was composed of the leading men of the State, 
 and many of the best minds of Ohio took part in the pro- 
 ceedings. Judge Tuttle acted on several of the most im- 
 portant committees, and was prominent in all its councils 
 during its entire session of a year and a day. He is still 
 in the vigor of manhood, and enjoys an extensive and lu- 
 crative practice. He was married in 1852 to Julia, daughter 
 of Jeremiah Sullivan, of Warren, Trumbull county, where 
 he has since resided. 
 
 ILSOX, MOSES FLEMING, Lawyer, was born 
 on the loih of September, 1839, in Franklin, 
 Warren county, Ohio. He is of Irish descent, 
 his ancestors having come to this country from 
 county Antrim, Ireland. His maternal grand- 
 father, Colonel John Bigger, was one of the 
 earliest settlers of Warren county, Ohio, while his paternal 
 ancestors settled in Dauphin county, Pennsylvania. His 
 father removed from Pennsylvania to Warren county in 
 1830. In 184.7, "’hen Moses was eight years old, he re- 
 moved with his parents to Cincinnati. Here he went 
 through the course of study at the common schools of the 
 city, and in due lime entered the Hughes High .School, of 
 that city, from which institution he graduated in 1857. He 
 then engaged in teaching in the Twelfth District School in 
 Cincinnati, and continued in that occupation until i860. 
 In that year he entered the freshman class in Princeton 
 College. After a year passed at Princeton he entered the 
 Miami University, where he remained another year. In 
 the month of August, 1862, he entered the land office of 
 Taft & Perry, and in the month of October following he 
 matriculated at the Law School of the Cincinnati College. 
 He graduated EL. B. in April, 1864, and in the succeed- 
 ing month of May he was admitted to the bar, and com- 
 menced the practice of law in Cincinnati. In November, 
 1866, he was appointed Assistant Prosecuting Attorney for 
 Hamilton County, which position he held until January, 
 1869. In the month of April in that year he was a candi- 
 date on the Independent ticket for the position of Prose- 
 cuting .Attorney of the Police Court. He was successful in * 
 the contest, and achieved the position, which he held until 
 April, 1871. After leaving the office he devoted his whole 
 lime and attention to his private practice. On the 1st of , 
 November, 1871, he associated in partnership with Hon. I 
 Ozra J. Dodds, under the firm-name of Dodds & Wilson. 
 In the month of .April, 1872, he was elected a member of 
 the Board of Education from the Twentieth Ward, and 
 held the position for two years. In June, 1873, 
 elected one of the Board of .Managers of the Public Library 
 18 
 
 of Cincinnati for a term of three years. Several limes he 
 has been appointed by the mayor of the city to fill tem- 
 porarily the office of Police Judge. Altogether his life, 
 thus far, has been an actively busy one, characterized by 
 energy, industry, labor well directed and prosperity well 
 earned. 
 
 ANFORD, HON. LORENZO, Member of Con- 
 gress, was born in Belmont county, Ohio, on 
 October l8th, 1829, his father coming from the 
 same county, and his mother from Chester 
 county, Pennsylvania. The former was a promi- 
 nent farmer, and held several offices of trust, the 
 duties of which he discharged with intelligence and fidelity. 
 
 ' Lorenzo attended the common schools, and llnished his 
 education at Waynesburg, Pennsylvania. When twenty- 
 three years of age he began lo read law at St. Clairsville, 
 under Carlo C. Carroll, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1854. In 1856 he entered the political arena as a Whig, 
 , and suiiported P'illmore for the Presidency, and was upon 
 the Stale electoral ticket. Afterwards he affiliated with the 
 Republican party, and has ever since acted with it. In 
 1857 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney for Belmont 
 ' County, and was re-elected in 1859, vacating the office in 
 1861, prior to the exjiiration of his term, to join the army. 
 He enlisted as a jirivate in the 17th Ohio Volunteer In- 
 fantry, for three months’ service, and was mustered out in 
 ■ .August following. He returned home and assisted in 
 raising a company for the 15th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 
 of wdiich he was elected Second-Lieutenant. In 1862 he 
 W'as promoted to the First-Lieutenancy, and then to the 
 position of Cajitain, w hich he resigned, August ist, 1864, 
 on account of ill health. He was active and influential in 
 his support of Lincoln in i860 and 1864, and was one of 
 the electoral delegation from Ohio which gave the vote of 
 that State to Mr. Lincoln. In October, 1872, he was 
 elected on the Republican ticket to the Forty-third Con- 
 gress from the Sixteenth Ohio District, his opponent having 
 been C. L. Poorman, who ran as a Liberal Republican. 
 In 1874 he was re-elected, his opponent having been on 
 this occasion H. Boyle. Mr. Danford is the successor of 
 Hon. John A. Bingham, and has served the interests of his 
 constituency and the people at large with distinguished 
 ability. He has a wdde reputation as a lawyer of great 
 learning and skill, and as an orator his speeches in the 
 House of Representatives, as well as his addresses to the 
 bench, evince an ability for trenchant argument possessed 
 by few men. He is deserving of the credit and esteem 
 accorded him for his successful career, as it is the result 
 of constantly exercised energy directed by noble purposes. 
 On October 7th, 1858, he was married to Annie If. Cook, 
 of Jefferson county, Ohio, who died, October 24tli, 1867, 
 On October 27th, 1870, he was married lo Mary M. Adams, 
 of St. Clairsville, Ohio. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOICKDIA. 
 
 '38 
 
 ENNEDV, JAMES CHARLES, M. D., was boin 
 in Butler county, Pennsylvania, P'ebruary iitb, 
 1S09. He was the fourth chihl in a family of 
 eight children, whose parents were Robert Ken- 
 nedy and Margaret (White) Kennedy. His 
 father, a native of Westmoreland county, Penn- 
 sylvania, followed through life agricultural pursuits. He 
 moved to Ohio in 181 1 and settled in Brown county, on a 
 farm near Georgetown. He was noted as an intelligent 
 and public-spirited citizen, and fur a number of years held 
 the office of Magistrate. His decease occurred in 1849. 
 His mother, also a native of Westmoreland county, Penn- 
 sylvania, was a daughter of Thomas White, a captain in the 
 Revolutionary army. His ancestors on both sides of the 
 house were likewise identified with the cause of the patriots. 
 Until he had attained his majority he assisted his father in 
 the farm labors, having in the meantime secured a limited 
 education by attending, through the winter months, the 
 sessions of a country school. In 1829 he began the study 
 of medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. Ivdward New- 
 ton, at Felicity, Clermont county, and pursued his studies 
 assiduously until 1832. In this year he entered on the 
 (iractice of his profession, and, with the exception of two 
 winters, was subsequently occupied by professional labors 
 in Felicity until 1854. During the winters of 1837-38, 
 however, he attended a course of lectures at the Medical 
 College of Ohio, graduating from that institution. In 1S54 
 he settled in Batavia, and h.as since resided there, engaged 
 in the control of a practice at once extensive and lucrative. 
 He has uniformly avoided offices of apolitical nature, but 
 in 1847 was elected a member of the Ohio Legislature, and 
 served with this body for one term. He was also one of 
 the committee appointed by the Ohio Legislature to escort 
 the remains of General T. L. Hamer, who died of disease 
 contracted on the field in Mexico. He has always mani- 
 fested a generous and intelligent interest in educational and 
 public enterprises, and has contributed to various medical 
 journals many articles, several of which have elicited 
 special attention from the leading men of the medical pro- 
 fession. Politically, he is an inflexible Democrat of the 
 Jackson school. He was baptized in the Methodist Church, 
 but his present views are not circumscribed by the doctrines 
 of any particular church. 
 
 cGILL, STEWART, Agriculturist, was born near 
 Trenton, New Jersey, February iSth, 17S8, and 
 was the oldest of eight children, whose parents 
 were Neill McGill and Elizabeth (Larrison) 
 McGill. The former, a native of county Antrim, 
 near Belfast, Ireland, was engaged through life 
 in school-teaching and surveying, and while still a young 
 man emigrated to America. He sympathized with the 
 colonies in their resistance to the rule of Great Britain, and 
 
 took an active part in common with the insurgent patriots. 
 While the Hessians were in winter-quarters at Trenton, 
 prior to their capture by General Washington, they made a 
 descent on his property, and appropriated to their own uses 
 his cattle and other valuable possessions. He died in Hun- 
 terdon county. New Jersey, in 1814, at the age of seventy- 
 two years. His mother was a native of New Jersey and 
 daughter of Rodger Larrison, an active participant in the 
 Revolutionary war. She died in 1823. His earlier edu- 
 cation was limited, and received at the common schools 
 located in the neighborhood of his home. While in his 
 twelfth year he went to live with Judge John Corryell, of 
 Hunterdon county. New Jersey, with whom he remained 
 for about three years, during this time attending school for 
 a term of three months or more. He subsequently worked 
 for three years as an apprentice under Luke Hebdon, of 
 Trenton, New Jersey, at the shoemaking tiade, afterward 
 opening a .shoe-shop at Lambertville, New Jersey, where 
 he engaged also in harness-making ; he remained there 
 through the ensuing year. Up to 1811 he worked in New 
 Jersey and in New York city, removing later to Ohio, 
 where, July 3d, iSii, he settled finally in Colcrain town- 
 ship, Hamilton county. He travelled west on foot through 
 Pennsylvania to Pittsburgh, and thence on a flat-boat to 
 Cincinnati, where he landed July 2d. The battle of Tip- 
 pecanoe, in the second war with England, had been fought, 
 and becoming imbued with the prevaletit popular excite- 
 ment he entered the volunteer service in 1812, under the 
 command of General Hull, and was taken prisoner at the 
 time of that officer’s surrender at Detroit. At the expira- 
 tion of a few weeks he was released on parole, and returned 
 to his home in Hamilton county, where he has since re- 
 sided, occupied mostly in agricultural pursuits. In 1821-22 
 he served as constable and assessor of chattel property, and 
 in 1823 was elected Justice of the Peace, which office he 
 held for nine years. He also held at various times the 
 offices of trustee. Township Clerk and Assessor of Real 
 Estate for Colerain and Springfield Townships. In 1824 
 he was elected Treasurer of the .School and Ministerial 
 Funds of his township, which office he held for twenty- 
 five years. In 1838 he was elected a director in the Cole- 
 rain, Oxford & Brookville Turnpike Company, whose road 
 was then in the course of construction. In 1840 he was 
 elected Treasurer of said company, which position he held, 
 with the exception of a year or two, until November, 1865. 
 Upon retiring from said position the committee (consisting 
 of the president, secretary and one other director) appointed 
 to settle his accounts passed a resolution expressing their 
 satisfaction that in “ accounts extending over a period of 
 nearly a quarter of a century, and amounting to several 
 hundred thousand dollars, no discrepancy had ever ap- 
 peared, nor had a single dime ever been unaccounted for.” 
 He h.as also settled the estates of more deceased persons 
 than any other man in his part of the county. Politically, 
 he is attached to the Republican party; he cast his first 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 139 
 
 vote for President for James Monroe. In 1824 he voted 
 for John Quincy Adams. In 1826 or ’27 he became a 
 strong Jackson man and took a leading part in organizing 
 the Jackson or Democratic party in Colerain township, and 
 was a delegate to the first convention held by that party in 
 Hamilton countv. He voted for Oeneial Jackson in 1828, 
 and again in 1832. But in 1833, not approving the course 
 General Jackson had taken, he left the Democratic and 
 joined the Whig party, to which he adhered until it died, 
 after which he became a Republican. In his younger days 
 he took an active part in politics, although he never sought 
 office. In 1833 he was nominated as a candidate lor 
 County Commissioner, but was defeated by a fevv^ votes. 
 In 1836 the Whigs nominated him for the Legislature, but 
 he was not elected. He was nominated several times 
 afterwards for the same office, sometimes accepting and at 
 others declining to be a candidate; but as his party was in 
 the minority he never was elected. He was married, Oc- 
 tober 5th, 1823, to Sarah Johnson, widow of Alexander 
 Johnson and daughter of Elias Hedges, an early settler 
 from Morris county. New Jersey, who settled at Dunlap’s 
 •Station, on the Big Miami river, Hamilton county, in 1805, 
 by whom he has had three children, two of whom are still 
 living, a son and daughter. He lost his wife in April, 
 1854, and has never married again ; his son, Amzi McGill, 
 has been twice elected a member of the House of Repre- 
 sentatives of Ohio, and has served one term as County 
 Commi.ssioner of Hamilton County, Ohio, and has held 
 various other tiusts of greater or less importance. He has 
 always been a veiy industrious and temperate man in all 
 respects, and now at the age of nearly eighty-eight years 
 enjoys good health and sound mental faculties. 
 
 ILSON, J.AMES K., .Architect, is a native of Cin- 
 cinnati, where he was born on the nth of April, 
 1828. Early exhibiting a decided talent for 
 drawing, his father (then a merchant of Phila- 
 delphia) was induced to remove him from Dr. 
 Crawford’s school and to place him with Mr. 
 Charles H. Mountain, then a prominent architect of the 
 Quaker City. With Mr. Mountain, and subsequently with 
 •Mr. Martin E. Thompson, of New York, and with Mr. 
 James Renwick, also of New York, he continued till 1S47, 
 when a year’s residence in Europe completed his profes- 
 sional studies. Returning from Europe in the spring of 
 1848 he immediately sought out his native city, at once es- 
 tablished himself in an excellent practice, and in 1852 was 
 married to Yirginia Keys, of Cincinnati. In 1858 he again 
 visited Europe, and from that to the present time has been 
 actively and steadily engaged. Undoubtedly, were the 
 profession called upon to select some one as the best and 
 most worthy representative of architecture in the West, that 
 one would be Mr. Wilson, for to him more than to all others 
 
 belongs the credit of having introduced and maintained 
 that noble character of building lor which Cincinnati is 
 celebrated and of which it is justly proud. The buildings 
 erected by Mr. Wilson are too numerous to be here men- 
 tioned in detail ; we give only the following : The Ohio 
 Life 8; Trust Company Bank, the Hamilton county Court 
 House, the Cincinnati Post-Office, the Jewish Temple, the 
 villa of Mr. George K. Shoenberger, the Dexter Chapel 
 and entrance to .Spring Grove Cemetery, etc., etc. 
 
 ICHARDSON, GENERAL WILLIAM P., Law- 
 yer and ex-Attorney-General of Ohio, was born 
 in Washington county, Pennsylvania, May 25th, 
 1824. His ancestors, four generations removed, 
 moved from Maryland into Pennsylvania and 
 settled opposite Steubenville. His father, Isaac 
 Richardson, was engaged in farming throughout his life. 
 His earlier education was obtained in the schools located 
 in his native county. At the age of seventeen he entered 
 the Washington College, where he completed his studies. 
 Upon leaving school he was engaged in teaching until 1S46, 
 when he enlisted as a volunteer in a company that went 
 from Steubenville, and was assigned to the 3d Ohio Regi- 
 ment. After serving one year in this capacity he was dis- 
 charged. While connected with the .army he served under 
 General Taylor and participated in the march from Mata- 
 moras to Buena Vista. After his return he resumed his 
 avocation of teaching, and in the spring of 1850 moved to 
 Harrison county, Ohio, where he taught school and studied 
 law at the same time until August, 1852. Llpon finishing 
 his legal studies with Allen C. Turner he was admitted to 
 the bar, and in the spring of 1853 removed to ^Yoodsfield, 
 Monroe county, where he filled until the following year the 
 position of Principal of the Woodsfield .Seminary. Later, 
 he entered on the practice of his profession, and in 1855 
 was elected Prosecuting Attorney for Monroe county, and 
 was re-elected to the same [losition in 1S57, and again in 
 1S59, holding the office until 1S61, when he entered the 
 service of the United States. Also, at the outbreak of the 
 war of the rebellion, he was a Brigadier-General in the Ohio 
 militia. Immediately after the attack on Fort Sumter he 
 succeeded in raising two companies, but before he could 
 secure their acceptance Ohio’s quota was filled. The 
 troops, however, changed the term of their enlistment from 
 three months to three years, and were assigned to the 25th 
 Ohio Infantry, of which regiment he was made Major. 
 June loth, 1861, he was promoted to a Lieutenant-Colo- 
 nelcy. and with that rank proceeded to the field. May 
 loth, 1862, he was promoted to the Colonelcy of his regi- 
 ment. May 2d, 1863, he was wounded severely in the 
 right shoulder at the battle of Chancellorsville, which 
 casualty deprived him of the use of his right arm. He was 
 then freed from duty until January, 1864, when he was 
 
140 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 detailed as President of a court-martial at Camp Chase. 
 On the ensuing February iith he was placed in command 
 of that post, and remained there until the end of August, 
 1865. In the fall of the preceding year he was elected 
 Attorney-General of the State of Ohio, and was prevented 
 from leaving the army only through the pressing instances 
 of Governor Brough. In December, 1864, he was brevetted 
 Brigadier-General. In September, 1865, he joined his 
 command in South Carolina, and was placed over a sub- 
 district, with head-quarters at Columbia. Subsequently he 
 was placed in command of the District of East South 
 Carolina, with head-quarters at Darlington. Immediately 
 after being mustered out of the service, in June, 1866, he 
 was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue for the 
 Fifteenth Congressional District. In 1869 he resigned the 
 Collectorship and resumed the practice of the law, in which 
 he has since been successfully engaged. As a commanding 
 officer he possessed the confidence and esteem of his men ; 
 his services in detached positions have frequently been 
 made the sulject of favorable comment ; while, during his 
 five years of service, no charge of any nature was ever 
 brought against him. He has been connected professionally 
 with various enterprises, and was a director of the Marietta, 
 Pittsburgh & Cleveland Railroad. He was married in 
 184S to Sarah E. Smith, of Brooke county, Virginia. 
 
 EAKIRT, CHARLES C., Druggist, was born on 
 the 13th of April, 1821, in New Richmond, 
 Clermont county, Ohio. Remotely, he is of 
 Welsh-German origin, although both his parents 
 were natives of Pennsylvania. His father was a 
 Philadelphian, and a cabinetmaker by trade. 
 Charles received his education at New Richmond, and in 
 1837 went to Philadelphia to learn the drug business. 
 Here he served his apprenticeship and thoroughly mastered 
 the business he had chosen. In his twenty-fourth year, by 
 the advice of his uncle, he determined to start in business 
 on his own account. At first he determined to locate in 
 New Orleans, but the uncle’s advice led to the changing of 
 this plan, and finally Cincinnati was determined upon as the 
 place in which to establish himself. In the spring of 1844, 
 therefore, in company with his brother, Joseph, the enter- 
 prise was begun. The young partners had no money to 
 speak of, and starting in business implied getting into debt. 
 So they got into debt, but were not long in getting out. 
 Joseph remained in Philadelphia to secure the necessary 
 stock, have the printing done and arrange other preliminary 
 details, while Charles went to Cincinnati to select a proper 
 location. The place selected was on Third street, opposite 
 the Henrie House, and there the business w-as established 
 and there it prospered greatly. The members of the firm 
 were young, the place chosen was not a very favorable one 
 and there were not wanting those w ho predicted a speedy 
 
 failure. The failure did not befall, and after a while the 
 youthful firm came to be recognized as one of the best in 
 the city in the extent of its business and its commercial 
 standing. In a steady, safe, sound way, business was good 
 with the firm from the first, affording another illustration of 
 the fact that strict integrity, close application and piudent 
 enterprise form the sure, safe basis of all pro.sperity. In 
 1847 ihfi bought out and became the successors of C. 
 &; J. Bates, and established themselves on the corner of 
 Pearl and Reynolds streets. Charles Reakirt conducted 
 the negotiations on behalf of his firm with Caleb Bates, 
 the surviving partner of the other firm, J. Bates, w ho had 
 transacted all the active business of his house, and in effect- 
 ing the sale, Caleb intrusted to Charles Reakirt the task 
 of inventorying the stock and affixing the prices. The part- 
 nership between Joseph and Charles Reakirt continued- for 
 tw'enty-one years, and in 1865 they sold out. In August, 
 1874, just thirty years after the establishment of the original 
 house, Charles Reakirt, at the head of the firm of Reakirt, 
 Hale & Co. (J. Reakirt having died in 1870), ])urchnsed 
 the business anew, and is still at its head, the firm now oc- 
 cupying a commodious building. No. 99 Walnut street. 
 
 
 |;RINKERHOFF, JACOB, ex-Judge of the Su- 
 preme Court of the .St.ate of Ohio, w'as born in 
 the town of Niles, Cayuga county. State of New 
 York, on August 31st, 1810. His father, Henry 
 1 . Brinkerhoff, was a farmer, a native of Penn- 
 sylvania, having been born near the town of 
 Gettysburg. His mother, nee Rachel Bevier, came from 
 New York State. After a thorough English education, ob- 
 tained in public schools and at the academy at Prattsburg, 
 Steuben county. New' York, Jacob entered the law i ffice 
 of Messrs. Howell & Brother, in Bath, Steuben county, in 
 1834. Here he vigorously prosecuted his studies for two 
 years, and in the spring of 1836 removed to Mansfield, 
 Ohio, where, in May, 1S37, he was admitted to the bar of 
 the Supreme Court of that State, and immediately entered 
 on the practice of his profession. He soon acquired repu- 
 tation as a lawyer of more than average ability, and in the 
 course of a year or two was elected Prosecuting Attorney 
 for Richland County, the duties of which office he satisfac- 
 torily performed for a period of four years. At the expira- 
 tion of his term in that office, in the fall of 1843, he was 
 elected to Congress on the Democratic ticket. \\hile 
 serving as a member of this body he became affiliated with 
 the Free-soil party, and drew up for David Wilniot the 
 celebrated bill known as “ Wilmot’s Proviso.” At the close 
 ' of his Congressional career he resumed his legal practice in 
 Mansfield, in w hich he successfully labored until he was 
 elevated to a scat on the Supreme bench, his first term 
 commencing January qih, 1856. In this highly honorable 
 position he was retained by the people for three successive 
 
LIOU R APli IC AL EN’C VCLOP. EDI A. 
 
 141 
 
 terms, cos’ering a period of fifteen years; and it is but justice 
 to the Judge to mention that a fourth term was offered him, 
 but he declined a renomination. The “Ohio State Reports” 
 contain many of his opinions, delivered during his terms on 
 the Supreme bench. Since retiring from the bench he has 
 resumed his law practice, although not as actively as in 
 former years. As a judge he commanded the high esteem 
 of all brought into professional contact with him, and his 
 integrity is without a blemish. He was married, October 
 4th, 1S37, to Caroline Campbell, of Lodi, Seneca county. 
 New York, who died at that place, while on a visit, No- 
 vember l8th, 1839. His present wife was Marion Titus, 
 of Detroit, whom he married January 6th, 1841. 
 
 TEVEN.S, LEVI E., of the firm of Chambers, 
 Stevens & Co., dry-goods merchants, was born in 
 Oneida county, western New York, August 23d, 
 1814, and is of Irish extraction. His parents, 
 natives of Nova .Scotia, moved from New York 
 State to the western frontier in 1819, and settled 
 in Dearborn county, Indiana, near what is now known as 
 Moore's Hill. Here, in the backwoods, he became inured 
 to hardship and danger, and acquired habits of self-reliance 
 which have since formed a marked trait of his character. 
 The educational advantages afforded by the State at that 
 early period of its history were quite limited and of a 
 strictly rudimentary character, consisting of about three 
 months’ schooling during the winter season. Of these the 
 future merchant availed himself to the fullest extent ; and 
 by determined perseverance and the assistance of his father, 
 an intelligent farmer, he accjuired a degree of proficiency in 
 the English branches and a fund of general knowledge that 
 passed current at that time for a liberal education. At the 
 age of twenty, preferring business pursuits to farming, he 
 engaged as clerk in the store of Glenn & M’atson (William 
 Glenn, of the firm of William Glenn & Sons, Vine street, 
 and the late Rev. J. V. Watson, who was subsequently the 
 distinguished editor of the A^ort/nuestem Christian Ath'o- 
 
 cate, of Chicago), in the village of Hillsborough, at a salary 
 of twelve dollars per month — a salary considered so large 
 at the time that his employers reserved the right to termi- 
 nate the engagement at the end of any month. It was not 
 many months, however, before the young clerk had almost 
 full charge of the store. Two years afterward one of the 
 partners. Rev. J. V. Watson, desirous of resuming bis vo- 
 cation in the ministry, L. E. Stevens purchased, on credit, 
 his interest, and continued in the business till 1842. After 
 a faithful trial of merchandising he abandoned it for the 
 more active and lucrative business of steamboating. A 
 company, of which he and his jrresent partner, Mr. Josiah 
 Chambers, were members, jiurchased the steamer “ Fashion,” 
 for a Cincinnati and Madison ( Indiana) packet, of which he 
 was chosen clerk. In this business he continued for some 
 
 four years, when, tired of river life, he engaged in partner- 
 ship with Mr. Chambers, under the firm-name of Chambers, 
 Stevens & Co., to conduct a dry-goods business at Aurora, 
 Indiana, the present place of residence of the senior partner. 
 This house, we may state, is still in existence, and, like its 
 counterpart in Cincinnati, is doing an extensive business, 
 having been in operation over thirty years. In 1847 ^ ■ 1 - 
 Stevens and Francis Wyman were admitted to partneishiji, 
 and in 1857 the branch house was opened in Cincinnati, 
 when the subject of our sketch moved to that city to assist 
 in conducting the new wholesale establishment, which has 
 now been in existence on Fearl street over eighteen years. 
 Thus the old reliable firm of Chambers, Stevens & Co. h.ns 
 steadily prospered through the long period of thirty years 
 by acting on the policy of limiting its capital to the one 
 legitimate business, that of dealing in dry goods. L. E. 
 .Stevens was married to Maria Miller, of Dearborn county, 
 Indiana, in 1839, by whom he has had tw’o daughters, Mrs. 
 Charles S. Weatherby and Mrs. M. H. Richardson, and a 
 son named William A., a young man of promise who is now 
 actively engaged in the Cincinnati house. A man of de- 
 cided convictions in matters relating to church and politics, 
 L. E. Stevens commands the respect, confidence and esteem 
 of all who know him. His charily is broad and liberal, as 
 evinced by his hearty support of and active co-operation in 
 the management of the Cincinnati Union Bethel. He and 
 his estimable lady are also identified with other organiza- 
 tions for the alleviation of the suffering poor and the 
 elevation of the masses. He is also in complete sympathy 
 w'ith the movements of business men for the extension of 
 trade, commerce and manufactures, and is a director in one 
 of the city banking houses. He has been all his life a total 
 abstainer from all intoxicating liquors, and has never used 
 tobacco in any form, to which be attributes tbe enjoyment 
 of a clear and vigorous intellect and a robustness of health 
 possessed by few of his age. We predict for him many 
 more years of prosperity and useful activity. 
 
 HIELDS, ROBERT S., Brosecuting Attorney elect 
 of Stark County, Ohio, v\’as born in Washington, 
 Warren county, New Jersey, on Septcndier 28tb, 
 1845. parents were William and Anna 
 
 (I lance) Shields. After a preparatory course of 
 study at the seminary in Allentown, Tennsyl vania, 
 he entered Union College, .Schenectady, New Yoik, and 
 graduated from that institution in 1867. Selecting the 
 legal profession he entered the law office of E. W. Stough- 
 ton, in New York city, with whom he prosecuted l.is 
 studies for about eighteen months. At the expiration of 
 that time he removed to Ohio, and completed his legal 
 course of training in the office of his uncle, Joseph Hance, 
 at New’ Philadelphia, and was admitted to tie bar at 
 Cadiz in 1870. Locating himself in Canton he has there 
 
142 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 successfully followed his profession. In the spring of 1871 
 he was honored by election to the Mayoralty of Canton, 
 being chosen to occupy that position for four years, on the 
 Democratic ticket. In October, 1875, he was elected by the 
 same party Prosecuting Attorney for Stark county, for a 
 term of two years. The duties of this office he entered 
 upon, January ist, 1876. He was married in 1871 to Clara 
 A., daughter of Marlin Wikidall, an old and successful 
 merchant of Canton. 
 
 o/^^^ODM.\N^N, FERDINAND, late Merchant of Cin 
 cinnati, wa.s born, July l6th, 1801, in a German 
 Princip.rlity near Frankfort-on-the-Main. His 
 opportunities for education were above the ordi- 
 nary grade, and he fully improved them. He 
 graduated from B.imborg College in 1S17, and 
 then entered a large banking-house, where he was fully 
 fitted for a business career. His father, Davis C. Bodmann, 
 a Republican in principle, wdio view'ed with repugnance and 
 s irrow the devastating effect of the Napoleonic wars, de- 
 termined upon emigrating to the more tranquil Western 
 world, and reached America in 1822 with three sons. His 
 wife died eleven years prior to this event. Settling in 
 Hagerstown, Maryland, he engaged in mercantile pursuits 
 until the death of his father, about six years after, when he 
 removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, then a small town with little 
 promise of its future greatness. He erected a large tobacco 
 warehouse on Main street, between Sixth and Seventh, and 
 conducted a thriving business until his death, on July 29th, 
 1874. By close attention to his affairs he acquired not only 
 a large and profitable trade but a fine reputation as an ener- 
 getic and honorable business man. At the time of his de- 
 cease the transactions of his house far exceeded in value 
 
 those of any other establishment west of the Alleghenies. 
 Mr. Bodmann was deeply interested in the material welfare 
 of his adopted city, and erected quite a number of fine busi- 
 ness houses and residences. He contributed liberally to the’ 
 construction and support of public works, and was generous 
 to the charitable and deserving institutions of Cincinnati. 
 W'hen he set out in his mercantile career he acted upon the 
 sound advice given him by his father, to deal entirely upon 
 a cash basis, and in this way finding immunity from financial 
 difficulties. He made no purchases on credit, issued no 
 notes, and w’as never compelled to request a creditor to call 
 a second time for the amount of his claim. During the re- 
 bellion he gave the government a practical support, and did 
 much to encourage enlistments and to relieve the distress 
 of the sick and wounded of the army. He was married, 
 December 14th, 1825, to Kate Poplem, of Baltimore, by 
 whom he had six childien, of wdiom but two, a son and a 
 daughter, are now living. His eldest son, Charles, died on 
 May loth, 1875. Bodmann was the founder of the 
 
 leaf tobacco trade of Cincinnati, and he lived to see it as- 
 sume great proportions. The surviving son, George, is a 
 
 successful merchant in Brussels, Belgium. The surviving 
 daughter, Lauretta Louisa, the widow of the late Joseph 
 Reichart, lives at the homestead at Mount Auburn, one of 
 the finest residences in that section of the country. Her 
 mother lives with her. 
 
 J!^^ 0 DMANN, CHARLES, Tobacco Merchant, the 
 founder of the extensive tobacco firm of Charles 
 ^ I li Bodmann & Co. of Cincinnati, was of German 
 _ descent, and was born in Hagerstown, Maryland, 
 February i8th, 1827. Llis father, Ferdinand 
 ^ Bodmann, was horn in a German Principality 
 near Frankfort, on July i6th, 1801, and in 1817 graduated 
 with honor from Bamborg College. He subsequently re- 
 ceived a commercial education in a large banking-house in 
 Frankfort, in which he conducted the French correspond- 
 ence. In 1822 he emigrated to this country with his father, 
 settling at Hagerstown, Maryland, but shortly thereafter re- 
 moved to Cincinnati, where he remained until his death, in 
 July, 1874. He left a wife and three children, a daughter 
 and two sons, of whom Charles was the oldest. As he grew 
 up he was liberally and thoroughly educated, and very 
 quickly gave evidence of brilliant business as well as liter- 
 ary qualities. He established himself in the tobacco trade, 
 and his house grew very rapidly in reputation as one of the 
 most enterprising and trustworthy in its line in the M’est. 
 By diligence and by careful attention, watchful to anticipate 
 the wants of the trade and to supply them with the utmost 
 despatch, employing energetic agents and correspondents in 
 the principal cities on both sides of Mason and Dixon's 
 line, he soon secured for Cincinnati the largest tobacco trade 
 in the West, and raised his establishment to pre-eminence 
 as a wholesale and retail house in that market. The well- 
 known warehouse on Front street, which for so long a time 
 has been occupied by Charles Bodmann & Go., was started 
 in 1852 on a modest scale. It witnesses now annual trans- 
 actions to the value of over eighteen hundred thousand dol- 
 lars, and its busine.-.s is still increasing. Mr. Bodmann, who 
 was never married, found recreation from the cares of this 
 growing trade in yearly trips to foreign lands. He became 
 an enthusiastic traveller, and his cultivated as well as varied 
 tastes and acquirements enabled him to fully appreciate the 
 rare scenes and unusual incidents which his European and 
 Asiatic lours presented to him. It is said that his travels 
 carried him to nearly every country of the globe, and being 
 as clever a descriptive writer as a mercantile correspondent, 
 he very often gave his experiences to the people of Cincin- 
 nati through letters published in their daily papers, signed, 
 “A Cincinnatian.” These letters were dated from Jerusalem, 
 Constantinople, various cities in Australia and in the great 
 Polynesian archipelago, and were written in an easy, graceful 
 style, gossipy, sensible and instructive. During his absence 
 the business was conducted by his partner, 11 . H. Hoffman, 
 who for many years had been associated with Mr. Bodmann, 
 

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOIVLDI A. 
 
 143 
 
 and who completed a partnership relation which was better 
 known to the mercantile world as “ Charles Bodmann & 
 Co.” Upon the death of Mr. Bodmann, in May, 1S75, at 
 the residence of his mother, his entire business was left to 
 the exclusive control and management of Mr. Hoffman, 
 who now conducts it in the same manner and with the same 
 spirit as during Mr. Bodmann’s life. The latter during his 
 mercantile career gained the esteem of the community, not 
 only as an enterprising and honorable business man but as 
 a liberal and public-spirited citizen. He amassed a large 
 fortune, the benefits of which he generously disbursed. His 
 brother George, now in business in Brussels, Belgium, is a 
 gentleman of wealth and social influence, and his mother 
 and sister, who reside at Mount Auburn, have ample means. 
 Mr. Hoffman, who succeeds to the entire control of the 
 house of Charles Bodmann & Co., was born in Cincinnati, 
 November 23d, 1845, and received his education in the city 
 schools. When eighteen years of age he was engaged by 
 Mr. Bodmann as assistant bookkeeper, becoming head book- 
 keeper within six months of his entrance in the establish- 
 ment. On September ist, 1870, he was admitted to a part- 
 nership interest, and the firm became that as styled above. 
 This relation was maintained until the death of Mr. Bod- 
 mann. The will of the latter, upon its admission to probate, 
 gave evidence of the appreciation in which he held his part- 
 ner. Under its provisions, after liberal bequests were made 
 to many charitable institutions and individuals, the residuary 
 estate, amounting to between four and five hundred thousand 
 dollars, was devised to Mr. Hoffman. The latter is a gentle- 
 man substantially educated, of thorough business acquire- 
 ments, and in every way fitted to carry out the designs for 
 the extension of the relations of the house prepared by its 
 founder 
 
 r-'A 
 
 HORNE, WILLIAM 1 '., Wholesale .Shoe Mer- 
 
 '1 
 
 
 land, November 24th, 1S22. He was born and 
 reared to the shoe trade, his father being a shoe- 
 maker and dealer before him. When he was 
 thirteen years of age his father died, leaving him 
 the eldest son of a family of seven children. After his 
 father’s death he went to Claybrook to finish learning his 
 trade with his uncle, a shoemaker of that place. Afterwards 
 returning to Higham he worked at his trade in the shop of 
 Mr. Luke Marvin, remaining with him a year or two. Dur- 
 ing this time, having read many letters and other favorable 
 accounts from America, he, with six other young men, de- 
 termined to try fortune in the United States. Accordingly, 
 obtaining his mother’s consent, on April 7th, 1841, he em- 
 barked on the ship “ Rochester” for America, the Eldorado 
 of his hopes. Thinking that if Cincinnati were the Queen 
 City of the West it would be the place for him, he decided 
 to locate in that city, and nothing could turn him from his 
 purpose, although he had two fine offers through the country 
 
 from New York to Cincinnati that almost any young man 
 without money might have been expected to accept. On 
 June 7th, 1841, on the steamer “ Pilot,” he arrived in Cin- 
 cinnati from Pittsburgh. The first night in the Queen City 
 he spent at Colts’ Temperance Hotel, on Sycamore street. 
 In the early days of Cincinnati this house and its sign were 
 landmarks. Of the seven who started from England young 
 Luke Marvin and himself came to Cincinnati ; the others 
 were dispersed according to their fancies. Their joint 
 capital, summed up in their quarters at Colts, read: Marvin, 
 one five dollar gold piece ; William F. Thorne, one five- 
 franc piece. Marvin designing to start for Danville in the 
 morning should have just five dollars for his fare. Without 
 breakfast, their two suppers and two lodgings would take 
 Mr. Thorne’s five-franc piece. Marvin paid his stage fare, 
 Mr. Thorne their Temperance House bill ; they bade each 
 other God-speed ; Marvin took the stage, Mr. Thorne turned 
 into the street moneyless and friendless. Opposite the old 
 National Theatre he found Able Doughty, one of the most 
 energetic shoemakers of his time. He proposed to work 
 for Mr. Doughty for his board and lodging. This offer was 
 accepted. In a few minutes, having removed his trunk to 
 the .shop and eaten his breakfast, he began his first work in 
 America. In a short time he had worked out his board for 
 the week. Not wishing to be idle, he worked the rest of 
 the week for dry goods. To money this was the nearest ap- 
 proach he could then make with Mr. Doughty. At the end 
 of the first week, having kept the Sabbath according to the 
 custom of his fathers and his home in Old England, attend- 
 ing Sunday-school and all the services at Wesley Chapel, 
 he made an engagement with Mr. Doughty for six months 
 to take charge of his sales and general business, Mr. Doughty 
 seeing that a young man of such habits was the person to 
 fill the most responsible place in any business. At the ex- 
 piration of this time he made an engagement with Mr. Shad- 
 ford Easton to work in his leather and findings store and 
 live in liis family. After remaining two years, and having 
 saved most of his earnings, he concluded to start business 
 for himself on Lower_ Market, with a capital of less than 
 $500. Mr. Easton very kindly gave him all the assistance 
 he needed in supplying his shop with leather; and Mr. 
 Abraham Taylor gave him a letter to William Claflin & Co., 
 Boston, Massachusetts. This afforded him all the accom- 
 modation he needed in Eastern markets. In this shop the 
 first calf and kip boots were made and sold by the dozen in 
 Cincinnati. Mr. Thorne has always been an advocate of 
 thorough, energetic business advertising, which he did 
 largely at that time, chiefly using the Cincinnati Commerciai, 
 then a small and not very powerful sheet, as the medium. 
 Thus he soon got the name of the enterprising shoe man 
 and did the business of the town. His fortunate circum- 
 stances now justifying it, on September loth, 1845, he was 
 married to Sarah E. Collins, member of Wesley Chapel and 
 daughter of Henry E. Collins. She proved to be in every 
 sense of the word a helpmeet. He now found it necessary 
 
144 
 
 BIOC'.RAPIIICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 to take a larger store, thus giving a new impetus to his busi- 
 ness, which developed into an exclusively wholesale trade 
 in 1851. Notwithstanding that his business has always been 
 what is termed legitimate jobbing custom, yet by using great 
 energy in every honorable way he has increased his sales to 
 enormous proportions, some years reaching $1,000,000. 
 Although he is now ranked among the wealthy men of Cin- 
 cinnati, and his career has been one of remarkable suc- 
 cesses, reverses have not been unknown in his experience. 
 He has at least learned that “riches have wings.” Cincin- 
 nati has passed through three great monetary panics since 
 he began his business career in it, but while many were sorely 
 pressed or failed entirely he came through unscathed, with 
 a solid business, and consequently a credit sounder, if pos- 
 sible, than before. lie has crossed the ocean thirteen times 
 since he became an American, chiefly for his health and to 
 visit his old mother, who is still living. On the first of these 
 trips his brother Joseph came with him to this country, and 
 has now become the active man of the house of W. F. 
 Thorne & Co. Mr. Thorne has recently brought into the 
 business his son, W. II. Thorne, a young man full of the 
 enterprise and business vigor of his father, who is training 
 him by his side that he may, as he has every reason to hope, 
 more than fill his father’s place in business, church and 
 society. Like most mercantile men of his times, Mr. Thorne 
 has found most of his education in the school of the world 
 on the highway to fortune. He has been too busy to be a 
 politician, but has always been a Whig in principle and an 
 earnest advocate of the best Republican interests of the 
 country. He is a member and officer in St. Paul’s Methodist 
 Episcopal Church ; has been eleven years Superintendent 
 of its Sunday-school ; is one of the Directors of Wesleyan 
 Female College; is Vice-President of the Young Men’s 
 Christian Association ; and was one of the earliest sup- 
 porters of the old Methodist Bethel, having been its Super- 
 intendent for nine years. He is now one of the stirring, 
 earnest workers of his church. Always a consistent, active 
 temperance man, he was one of the warriors in the romantic 
 temperance movement of 1848, and one of the most persist- 
 ent workers in the recent crusade. A man whose practice 
 has never varied from his principles, whose motto in busi- 
 ness has ever been honor, and the key to his success work, 
 Mr. Thorne has made his mark, and the world is better for 
 his having lived in it. 
 
 I INCH AM, HON. EDWARD FRANKLIN, 
 Lawyer, and Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, 
 Columbus, Ohio, was born, August 1,4th, 1828, at 
 West Concord, Vermont. The family is veiw 
 ancient, and in its different branches has many 
 eminent representatives in this country. Thomas 
 Bingham was its founder in America ; he emigrated from 
 Sheffield, England, and settled in Norwich, Connecticut, in 
 1663, being then twenty-one years of age. He traces his 
 
 family back to the Binghams of Somerset, England, who in 
 the early Norman period received knighthood and were 
 settled for many generations on an estate in the west of 
 England. The family is of Saxon origin, and therefore had 
 existence in England before the Conquest. Thomas Bingham 
 had eleven children ; his second son, Abel, married Maiy 
 Odell, and had a family of ten children. Abel’s eighth .son 
 was Jonathan, who marrieil Sarah N. Newton, and one of 
 his sons, Jonathan, married Betsy Warner, and his son, 
 Elisha Warner Bingham, who was the second son of a family 
 of ten, married Miss Perry. Warner Bingham, son of the 
 last-named and father of the subject of this sketch, was born 
 in Cornish, New Ilamp.diire, 1789; his father moved with 
 the family to Concord, Vermont, 1796. Warner Bingham 
 married Lucy, daughter of Captain John Wheeler. Only 
 three of his sons now survive : Harry Bingham, the eldest, 
 a leading lawyer, politician. Democrat, of New Hampshire ; 
 George A. Bingham, a prominent lawyer of the same .State; 
 his sixth son. Judge Edward Franklin Bingham. Judge 
 Warner Bingham was a man of great energy; he led a 
 life of much usefulness to his State, and was held in high 
 repute for integrity of character and purity of motive. Ed- 
 ward I'ranklin Bingham received his early education at the 
 public schools of Vermont ; in his fourteenth year he en- 
 tered Caledonia county grammar school, where he zealously 
 and successfully, under able tutorship, prosecuted his studies 
 for three years. In 1846, visiting Ohio, he became so de- 
 lighted with the country that he determined to settle in the 
 State. After spending a short time at Marietta College he 
 read law under Hon. Joseph Miller, at Chillicothe, Ohio, 
 and his own brother, Harry, in New Hampshire, till 1850, 
 when he was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of 
 Ohio, at Georgetown, and commenced practice of law, June 
 1st, at McArthur, Vinton county, Ohio. In October, 1850, 
 the Court of Common Pleas appointed him Prosecuting At- 
 torney of Vinton county ; after this, in 1851 and 1853, he 
 was elected to the same office. At the expiration of that 
 time, in 1855, being elected as Representative (Democratic) 
 for the counties of Vinton and Jackson, he sat in the Legis- 
 lature during the sessions of 1856 and 1857. He now de- 
 termined to devote himself exclusively to the duties of his 
 profession, and, notwithstanding he belonged to the political 
 party which was in the minority in his district, was, in 1858, 
 barely defeated in his candidacy for the Judgeship of the 
 Common Pleas. His party has frequently desired him to 
 put himself forward in politics, but the Judge has rather 
 sought distinction in his profession than political preferment. 
 He was a delegate from the Eleventh Congressional District 
 of Ohio in 1S60 to the National Democratic Convention at 
 Charleston and Baltimore. Wishing a more extended field 
 for the prosecution of his profession he removed to Columbus 
 in 1861, and has since been engaged in law. In May, 1873, 
 he was elected to the bench as Judge of the Court of Com- 
 mon Pleas. From 1867 to 1871 he was, by election. Solicitor 
 of the city of Columbus. The Judge has ever .shown great 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENX'YCLOILEDIA. 
 
 •45 
 
 interest in educational matters, and for many years was mem- 
 ber of the Board of Education. In 1868 he was Chairman 
 of the Democratic State E.xecutive Committee of Ohio. He 
 was married, November 21st, 1850, to Susanah P. Gunning, 
 of Fayette county, Ohio, and has two sons and two daughters. 
 The distinguished career of Judge Bingham is entirely due 
 to his own indomitable industry and perseverance, coupled 
 with unflinching integrity of character. 
 
 'V 
 
 k^ORM.\NN, FREDERICK, is a native of the State 
 I of Hanover, Germany, where he was born, August 
 I 6th, 1820. He was the second of three children. 
 
 his parents being George Dormann and Fredericka 
 X Hilka, both natives of Hanover, where the former 
 followed through life the occupation of baker. 
 At the time of the death of his father Frederick was in his 
 infancy. His early education was limited to such studies as 
 were pursued in the common schools of his country. At 
 the age of sixteen he was thrown upon his own resources for 
 a livelihood, and commenced at once an active life in the 
 pursuit which his father had engaged in. In 1836, as from 
 boyhood and the fatherland he wandered, and after sailing 
 eight weeks and one day in the staunch ship “Alexander,’' 
 he at length reached Baltimore, landing a stranger in a 
 strange land, with no friends save the two willing hands 
 inured to toil in a country where bread comes but with labor, 
 and no words of cheer save those whispered to a brave soul 
 by a dauntless heart, young Frederick found himself penni- 
 less, and consequently found work. In 1838 he went to 
 ^Vheeling, Virginia, remaining there until 1842, when he 
 took up his residence in Cincinnati, which has been his 
 abiding place ever since. Three years after landing on the 
 American shore his guiding star brought him to the feet of 
 a light-haired, blue-eyed fraulein, who had come across the 
 seas in the same vessel, but had been lost both to sight and 
 mind for all those long months, and the maiden had grown 
 into a woman when Frederick gave her his honest heart and 
 empty hand. In 1840 he was married in Wheeling to this 
 maiden, who was the late Fredericka Brodfuchrer, also a 
 native of Germany, and a lady of most amiable qualities. 
 Time rolled on, and by-and-by babies came, and with them 
 the desire to find some home that they might truly call their 
 own. This inborn feeling of the German over every other 
 nation to have some spot, no matter how small, a house, be 
 it ever so tiny, over which there is but one master, was 
 strong in these two, and in 1842, with the goods and chat- 
 tels, babes and good health, they drifted down the Ohio to 
 what was then an insignificant Queen City. On Western 
 Row and Everett street the bake shop again coined silver 
 pieces, and deep into the capacious pockets of the good frau 
 they rested until enough were garnered to buy not only the 
 long-coveted home but a few acres besides. To his occu- 
 pation as a baker he soon joined that of a grocer, and pur- 
 19 
 
 sued this joint enterprise for five years. At this time he 
 interested himself in the sale and purchase of real estate, 
 and commenced the draying business, which he followed 
 with profit for six years. In 1845 he invested largely in 
 property, now comprising the Twenty- fifth Ward of Cincin- 
 nati, and in 1S47 “Pi "’hh but one exception (that of 
 Ephraim Knowlton’s), the first building. From that until 
 the present time he has been a continuous resident of Cum- 
 minsville, and has become one of the largest property- owners. 
 The fine hotel on the corner of Spring Grove avenue and 
 Dormann street is a monument of his industry, and has been 
 his home for years. A few years ago the cheery helpmate, 
 who had for so long been a tender companion and wise 
 counsellor, left his side and started on the mysterious jour- 
 ney that leads we know not where, but he hopes with the 
 remainder of his family that when the trials and cares of 
 this world are over to meet her on that happy shore where 
 sorrows are unknown. Twelve children were born to them, 
 eight daughters of whom are still living, while the remainder, 
 three sons and one daughter, have departed this life and gone 
 to where the angels dwell. But Mr. Dormann’s blue eyes 
 still twinkle with the fire of youth, and his step is elastic 
 as it was twenty years ago. The world has given him some 
 hard knocks, has often given him frowns when he wooed 
 her smiles, but it has failed to warp his kindly nature or 
 harden his generous heart. There are few whose lives have 
 been more actively spent or more honorably employed than 
 his. His was a struggle against poverty from the outset, and 
 a struggle intensified but never stopped by adverse fortune. 
 Industrious perseverance won at length what he so richly 
 merited — a fortune, and, moreover, left him health to enjoy 
 it. He has often been solicited to accept public office, but 
 has invariably declined, wishing rather than its cares, and 
 often doubtful honor, the untrammelled enjoyment of his 
 family circle and the society of a few intimate friends. In 
 his political views he is Democratic, and always has been 
 from the time of his manhood until the present day. He is 
 one of the old German pioneers, and belongs to several of 
 the different societies of Cincinnati. His children have all 
 experienced the Protestant baptism, and his religious opinions 
 are circumscribed by the tenets and creeds of the Protestant 
 churches. 
 
 MITH, R. I’., Assistant General Manager of the 
 Pennsylvania Company for the Cleveland & Pitts- 
 burgh Railroad, was born in M'indham, Connect- 
 icut, June 20th, 1830. His father, Edwin .Smith, 
 one of the pioneer merchants of the city of Cleve- 
 land, was a well-known produce dealer and an 
 esteemed citizen. He was educated in the city schools con- 
 tiguous to his home, and, after the completion of the allotted 
 course of studies, entered a hardware store as clerk in New- 
 ark, Ohio. Returning at the expiration of one year he en- 
 tered his father’s store, where he served in a similar capacity. 
 
146 
 
 BIOGRAl'IIICAL ENCYCLOr.KDIA. 
 
 Tiiere hs remained for a period of two years or more, until 
 he had attained his majority, then found employment in a 
 dry-goods house, where he was occupied during the ensuing 
 four years. In 1855 he entered the service of the Cleve- 
 land & Pittsburgh Railroad, primarily in the capacity of 
 Paymaster, subsequently was promoted to an Auditorship, 
 and, later, became Vice-President. At the present time he 
 i-) the Manager of the road, and is also Director of the Ash- 
 tabula, Youngstown & Pittsburgh Railroad Company. He 
 lias persistently avoided the turmoil and e.xcitements of po- 
 litical life, and devoted his time and energies entirely to the 
 conduct of his business aff.rirs. He is a liberal co-worker 
 in religious and benevolent matters, and is an elder in the 
 First Presbyterian Church of Cleveland. He was married 
 in 1S56 to Rebecca E. Peters, of Colchester, Connecticut, 
 and by her has had four children, three at present surviving. 
 
 ^ORBERT, JAME.S L , Jr., son of Judge James L. 
 and Hannah (Winans) Torbert, was born in 
 Springfield, Ohio, .September 27th, 1831. He re- 
 ceived his education at Wittenberg College, grad- 
 uating in lS5l,in the first class of . that school. 
 .Soon after he went to New Orleans, where for a 
 few years he taught as Principal of the High School. Hav- 
 ing meanwhile pursued the study of law, he was admitted 
 to the bar and began practice. But in a few years his health 
 w.as undermined by the yellow fever, from which he had 
 hardly recovered before he was prostrated with typhoid 
 fever. He was then brought home, which was in the spring 
 of 1S59, his parents having gofie for him; his honored 
 father, however, dying on the return trip. He never fully 
 recovered from these successive shocks, liut as soon as he 
 was able began the practice of law in his native city. In 
 1S61 he was appointed Mayor of the city, to fill a vacancy, 
 and afterwards for several years held the office of United 
 States Commissioner. He was a ripe scholar, and an able 
 and upright lawyer. He was married, November 1st, 1S64, 
 to Mary Barr, of Cincinnati, but had no family. He died 
 of /lingering consumption, October 15th, 1S71. 
 
 YINGO, CALEB, Manufacturer, was born m 
 Worcester county, Maryland, March 23d, 1806, 
 and was tM fifth child in a family of nine chil- 
 dren, whose' parents were Obadiah Lingo and 
 Mary ('I'ilghman) Lingo, both natives of Mary- 
 land. His father, wdio followed agricultural pur- 
 suits through life, removed with his family in 1810 to Ohio, 
 settling at Cincinnati, where he remained during the winter, 
 and, in the ensuing spring, drew nearer to Carthage, and 
 eng.aged in farming. He moved to Ohio by the following 
 route : by boat to Baltimore, thence with a team to Pitts- 
 
 burgh, and from this point by a flatboat to Cincinnati. The 
 last twenty-five years of his life were passed on his' farm 
 near Mount Airy, Hamilton county, Ohio, where he died, 
 January 2d, 1848, at the age of seventy-si.x years. His 
 mother’s decease occurred at the same place in July, 1835. 
 He was educated at the common schools of the frontier 
 settlements. In 1812 he went to live with John Martin, a 
 merchant of Cincinnati, and, while serving him as clerk, 
 was a member of his family for a period of over twenty-one 
 years. In 1831 he became the owner, by purchase, of his 
 employer’s interests in the establishment, and continued the 
 business of notions and dry goods until 1837. During the 
 succeeding two years, he was interested in the wire-work 
 business, and in 1839 engaged in the manufacture of sashes, 
 blinds, and doors, in which he was occupied until 1844. He 
 then, in connection with his brother, purchased a saw-mill 
 near Cumminsville, and conducted its affairs successfully for 
 twelve years. In 1859 he engaged in business in Cum- 
 minsville, and has constantly resided there, pursuing the 
 manufacture of Idinds, sashes, doors and frames, while at- 
 tending also to contract work and building enterprises. His 
 mill, one of the most favorably known concerns of its kind 
 in this section of the State, is run entirely by steam. Politi- 
 cally he is attached to the Republican party. For over 
 thirty-three years he has been a member of the Methodist 
 Church. He was married, September 12th, 1833, to Mar- 
 garet Finkbine, a native of Philadelphia, and a daughter 
 of Frederic Finkbine, prominent as an early pioneer and 
 settler of Hamilton county, Ohio. 
 
 
 
 cD 
 
 through 
 
 ENN, JULIUS AUGUSTUS, Attorney-at-Law, was 
 born in Neville, Clermont county, Ohio, May 13th, 
 1S18. He was the oldest child in a family of 
 eleven children, whose parents were Elijah T. 
 Penn and Philenia (Walriren) Penn. His father, 
 a native of Frederick county, Maryland, followed 
 ife agricultural pursuits, and in 1811 settled in 
 Washington Township, Clermont county, Ohio, where he 
 has since resided. He was a soldier in the war of i8t2, 
 and made three trips to New Orleans in a flatboat, return- 
 ing thence on foot. His mother, a native of Mason county, 
 Kentucky, removed in 1798 to Ohio with her father, Samuel 
 Walriven, when she w.as but one year old, finding a home 
 in Franklin township, Clermont county. Her grandfather, 
 James .Sargent, a member of the first Constitutional Conven- 
 tion of Ohio, and fur several years a member of the Legis- 
 lature, also, in 1798, settled in the same township. On 
 both sides of the house his ancestors were among the pio- 
 neer settlers of this section of the State, and his forefathers, 
 on the maternal side, were active participants in the Revolu- 
 tionary struggle. His early education w.as liberal, and was 
 received at the common schools and high school of his 
 native county. Until he had attained his m.ajority, he as- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 147 
 
 sisted his father in laboring on the farm. In 1839 he left 
 the paternal acres, and began life on his own resources, as 
 a school teacher in Felicity in Clermont county, where he 
 was eng.aged in educational labors during the ensuing two 
 years. While occupied as a teacher, he applied himself 
 also to the study of law, and in 1 842 was admitted to the 
 bar, whereupon he entered on the practice of his profession 
 in Batavia, Clermont county. After his admission, in order 
 to secure the means to embrace more comfortably profes- 
 sional life, he drove an ox-team for one month. Since then 
 he has resided permanently in Batavia, constantly occupied 
 in guarding the interests of an extensive practice. At the 
 outset, he was associated for about two years in partnership 
 with Martin Marshall, a distinguished attorney, who be- 
 longed to the family which produced Chief-Justice Mar- 
 shall. In 1S66-67 he acted for one year as Revenue Col- 
 lector for the Sixth Ohio District. With this exception he 
 has never sought or held public office. At the outbreak of 
 the war with Mexico, he entered the army as a volunteer, 
 and started with his regiment for the field of operations. 
 But owing to disability resulting from a broken leg, the con- 
 sequence of a fall from his horse, he was incapacitated for 
 duty, and having advanced only to Cincinnati, returned 
 thence to his home. In 1861 he accompanied to the field 
 the 22d Regiment of Ohio Volunteeer Infantry, as Captain 
 of Company E, the first company furnished by Clermont 
 county to assist in suppressing the rebellion. He was 
 shortly after promoted to the rank of Major, and remained 
 in service with his regiment in Virginia for about five 
 months, participating during that time in a number of skir- 
 mishes and minor engagements. Politically he is attached 
 to the Republican party, and cast his first vote for General 
 Harrison. He is widely known as a zealous advocate of 
 the temperance cause, is in favor of prohibition, and both in 
 public and in private orations has earnestly denounced the 
 evils attendant on intemperance, and originated measures 
 designed to eradicate the baneful influence of strong drink. 
 Also, in 1873, he canvassed Clermont county as a temper- 
 ance advocate. Religiously he is a Methodist. He was 
 married December 2d, 1846, to Elisa C. Minor, a native of 
 Clermont county, from whom he was divorced in 1855. 
 He was again married, M.ay 2d, i860, to Mary 1 . Brock, a 
 native of Crawford county, Indiana. 
 
 '^'^OWARD, COLONEL WILLIAM, Attorney-at- 
 Law, ex-Member of Congress, was born in Jeffer- 
 son county, Virginia, December 31st, 1817. He 
 wxs the third child in a family of seven children, 
 whose parents were Thomas Howard and Re- 
 becca (Likins) Howard, also natives of Jefferson 
 county, Virginia. His father followed through life agricul- 
 tural pursuits, and after his removal to Wheeling, Virginia, 
 died there in 1853. He was originally of English extrac- 
 
 tion. His mother, whose decease occurred in 1831, was of 
 English-German descent. Lffitil fifteen years of age he was 
 employed as an assistant on the farm, and later was placed 
 to learn the saddlery trade in Jefferson county, Virginia, 
 which he pursued for about six years. His early education 
 was limited, and was obtained at common schools, and by 
 attentive reading during the leisure hours of his service as a 
 saddler. In 1835 he moved to Augusta, Kentucky, and 
 entered the primary department of Augusta College, the 
 first Methodist institution of the kind established in the 
 United States. Its president was then Dr. Joseph S. Tom- 
 linson. There he passed through a thorough curriculum 
 of literary study, graduating in 1839. During this time he 
 became very proficient in mathematics, both pure and 
 mixed, a branch of study for which he had early displayed 
 a notable aptitude and talent. He supported himself in the 
 meantime by working five hours per day at his trade. In 
 his youthful days he had proposed to apply his attention to 
 the study of medicine, an intention whose origin is attribut- 
 able probably to the fact that in the ranks of the medical 
 profession several members of his family had already ac- 
 quired distinction. While pursuing a collegiate course, 
 however, he abandoned this design, and resolved to apply 
 himself to the study of law, deeming the legal profession 
 one more in harmony with his tastes and mathematical 
 abilities. In 1839, accordingly, under the guidance of 
 Martin Marshall, an accomplished scholar and legal practi- 
 tioner of Kentucky, and a member of the family that pro- 
 duced Chief-Juslice Marshall, he began to prepare himself 
 for the bar. Within one year he qualified, himself for -ad- 
 mission, and in 1840 established his office in Batavia, Cler- 
 mont county, where he has since resided, engaged in the 
 control of a diversified and an extensive business. From 
 1845 to 1849 he acted as Prosecuting Attorney of Clermont 
 county, having been twice elected to this office. In the 
 latter year he was elected to the Senate of Ohio, and served 
 for one term. In 1858 he was elected to Congress on the 
 Democratic ticket. Also, in 1866, he was a candidate for 
 Congress, but owing to the increasing power of the Repub- 
 lican element in his district, failed to secure an election. 
 The district referred to then embraced the counties of Cler- 
 mont, Brown, Highland, Fayette and Clinton, while the 
 district from which he had been elected comprised the 
 counties of Clermont, Brown, Highland and Adams. In 
 military matters also he has been prominently before the 
 public. In 1847 he accompanied to the scene of operations 
 in Mexico, the 2d Ohio Regiment of Infantry, and, as 
 .Second Lieutenant of Company C, served actively with this 
 body until the termination of the* conflict. TJuring those 
 eventful days he was employed on the line, under General 
 Winfield .Scott, from Vera Cruz to Puebla. In September, 
 1861, he accompanied the 59th Regiment of Ohio Volunteer 
 Infantry to the field as Major, and remained in service for 
 about eighteen months. In 1862 he was promoted to a 
 Lieutenant-Colonelcy. He was with his regiment in Ken- 
 
148 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 lucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, Georgia, and Alabama, and 
 was actively engaged in the battles of Shiloh, Corinth, 
 Perryville, Crab Orchard, and Stone River, and also in 
 many skirmishes and other minor engagements. In 1863 
 he resigned his position in the army, his health having be- 
 come seriously impaired through the trials attending extraor- 
 dinary efforts necessitated by fatiguing marches and exciting 
 service in the field. lie has always been intimately identi- 
 fied with the Democratic party, and has worked efficiently 
 to secure its welfare and develop its best interests. His first 
 vote was cast in favor of James K. Polk. He has ever 
 manifested a warm and far-seeing interest in educational 
 matters, and has been instrumental in .advancing many pub- 
 lic enterprises calculated to benefit the people of his county. 
 Religiously he is attached to the Methodist church. He is 
 a man of varied experience in life, an enterprising citizen, 
 and a lawyer of scholarly attainments. He was married, 
 January 29th, 1852, to Amaryllis C. Botsford, a native of 
 Oswego, New York. .She was a woman of superior natural 
 intelligence, and possessed a highly cultivated and refined 
 mind and extensive information, which, combined with her 
 amiability of manner, kind disposition, and Christian char- 
 acter, made her a favorite in society, and the idolized wife 
 and mother in her own household; and whether in public 
 or private life, she was her husband’s confidential adviser. 
 She died July 13th, 1875, greatly regretted by the com- 
 munity in which she lived. 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 j jRR, RAYMOND, Assistant Postmaster of Colum- 
 bus, Ohio, Dealer in Hardware and Agricidtural 
 Implements, was born in Meredith, New York, 
 April 2(1, 1821. His parents were natives of Con- 
 necticut. His father, although constantly engaged 
 as a surveyor and engineer, was occupied also 
 successively in merchandising and agricultural pursuits. 
 He attended school in his native place until his eighteenth 
 year was reached, when he moved to Virginia, and there 
 taught school for about one year. He then removed to 
 Mount Vernon, Ohio, where he again assumed the role of 
 educator, and imparted instruction during the winter of 
 1840-41. During the ensuing year he remained in connec- 
 tion with a jeweler, and in 1842 established himself in 
 business on his own account at Delaware, Ohio, conducting 
 it until the opening of the war. In 1852 he was elected 
 Mayor of Delaware, and was repeatedly re-elected, serving 
 several terms with marked ability. In 1S59 he was elected 
 to the Legislature, and served with that body until 1861. 
 In the spring of this year he was employed as clerk in the 
 Commissary Department at Columbus, and in the spring of 
 1862 was commissioned by President Lincoln as Assistant 
 (Quartermaster. He was then placed in charge at the 
 Capitol, and in 1864 was assigned to duty as Chief Quarter- 
 master of the depot at Columbus, with the rank of Colonel, 
 
 and remained in service until November, l866, when hew.as 
 mustered out — the last remaining volunteer officer in the ser- 
 vice from Ohio. In the ensuing fall he was appointed Assist- 
 ant Postmaster at Columbus, and served until 1869, when he 
 was elected to the Wardenship of the Ohio Penitentiary, an 
 office retained by him until the spring of 1874. He subse- 
 quently returned to Delaware and there engaged in the hard- 
 ware and agricultural implements business, in which he still 
 continues. In April, 1875, w.as again appointed Assistant 
 Postmaster at Columbus, and has since performed the duties 
 of that office. He was married, January 5th, 1843, to Eliza 
 L. Runyan. 
 
 NDALL, DAVID AUSTIN, D. D., Baptist 
 Minister, I.ccturer, Editor, Author, etc., was born 
 in Colchester, Connecticut, January 14th, 1S13. 
 His parents were James Randall and Joanna 
 (Pemberton) Randall, both natives of Connecti- 
 cut. His mother was a direct descendant of 
 Rev. Ebenezer Pemberton, D. D., of the old South Church, 
 Boston, Massachusetts. When but two years of age, his 
 parents moved with him to Auburn, New York, where his 
 father was instrumental in establishing the First Baptist 
 Church of th.at jilace. In 1821 the family removed from 
 Auburn and settled on the west shore of the Canandaigua 
 Lake, about four miles from the village of the same name. 
 In this beautiful region, dividing his time between school 
 in winter and work upon the farm in summer, he passed the 
 days of his youth. The only periodicals which then reached 
 his secluded home were the village newspaper, published at 
 the county-seat, and the Baftist Register, of Utica, New 
 York. His converse therefore was more with nature than 
 with books, and those ’early association.s gave a lasting bias 
 to his affections and ideas, and a sedate and contemplative 
 turn to his mind and musings. Being naturally of a reflect- 
 ive and inquisitive nature, much of the time devoted by his 
 young companions to fishing, hunting, and the usual sports 
 of youth, was spent by him either in reading, wandering 
 among rocks and glens, or in experimenting in his father’s 
 blacksmith .shop in the rudiments of philosophy and chemis- 
 try. An interest in the tov\n library brought into the 
 f.nnily a quarterly instalment of books, which were always 
 gladly welcomed, and read with eagerness and profit. At 
 the age of fourteen he made a public profession of religion, 
 and December 24th, 1826, became a communicant in the 
 Baptist church. In his religious experience, even at this 
 early age, a new and powerful impulse was given to his 
 spiritual life. Religion then shed her radiant influence over 
 his existence, and the Bible and religious books monopo- 
 lized his time and thoughts. Prompted by a desire to pre- 
 pare himself for greater usefulness, the plow was exchanged 
 for the grammar, and he progressed rajridly in his studies. 
 While in his eighteenth year he took charge of a country 
 school, and profitably to himself and to his pupils sustained 
 
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BIOGRArillCAL EAXYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 149 
 
 the role of educator through several winters. Lacking a 
 vigorous constitution, and accustomed to active life in the 
 open air, declining health prevented his completing a clas- 
 sical course, and he was under the necessity of commencing 
 the public duties of life before his school education was 
 thoroughly completed. June 1838, he was licensed to 
 
 preach by the Gorham (New \ orkj Baptist Church, and 
 was ordained in Richfield, Ohio, December l8th, 1839 - 
 In the spring of 1840 he was called to the pastorate of the 
 Baptist Church in Medina, the county-seat of Medina 
 county, Ohio, where he was occupied in Christianly labors 
 for five or six years. During his residence in this place, the 
 great Washingtonian Temperance Reform swept over the 
 land. As a consecjuence he became the editor of a Wash- 
 ingtonian paper, and in editing and writing for that organ, 
 in attending public meetings, and in giving public lectures, 
 he spent a large amount of lime, and worked with tireless 
 zeal, receiving therefore no compensation save the sweet 
 consciousness of doing a good work. In connection with 
 these editorial labors began the development of his talent 
 for writing which subsequently added so much to the lustre 
 and usefulness of his career. In 1S45 he removed from 
 Medina to Columbus, the capital of the State, and was there 
 engaged in the editorial department of the Christian Jour- 
 nal, now the Journal and Messenger, the organ of the 
 Baptist denomination in Ohio. When, at a later date, this 
 paper was removed to Cincinnati, not wishing to change his 
 location, and finding himself in too feeble health to endure 
 the labors of a pastorate, he engaged in secular business, and 
 became a partner in a book store. In that venture he was 
 pecuniarily successful, and in the intervals of business did 
 not fail to increase also his store of knowledge. In May, 
 1858, he was unanimously called to the pastorate of the 
 First Baptist Church of Columbus, with which he was after- 
 ward connected for about eight years. In this field he ac- 
 complished much good, and greatly strengthened the mem- 
 bership and resources of his church. In addition to the 
 business imposed upon him in his secular relations, and the 
 arduous labors of the pastorate, he held for fourteen years an 
 official connection with the Ohio Lunatic Asylum. In that 
 institution he served as Chaplain, preached to the inmates on 
 .Sunday afternoons, met them often on week-day evenings 
 for prayer, visited them in the wards, and attended the funer- 
 als of those that died. During his pastorate he made an 
 extensive journey through Egypt, Sinai Desert, and the 
 Holy Land, the results of which were embodied in his book, 
 “The Handwriting of God in Egypt, Sinai, and the Holy 
 Land,” a royal octavo volume of 720 pages, which has had 
 an extensive sale, and is said by competent judges to rank 
 among the best works on the East. Recently he has made 
 a more minute and extensive tour through Europe, England, 
 •Scotland, and Ireland, and at the present lime is engaged in 
 preparing a volume relating to those countries. He has in 
 prep.iration also a work on the history and sjriritual signifi- 
 cance of the Jewish Tabernacle, and the relation of the 
 
 rituals of the Old Testament to the Christian dispensation. 
 In 1870 he received from Denison University the honorary 
 degree of D. D. Since his return from abroad, he has spent 
 considerable time in giving public lectures, chiefly for the 
 benefit of feeble churches and sundry benevolent societies. 
 He still resides at Columbus, where he devotes his attention 
 partly to his secular affairs and partly to literary pursuits. 
 He also preaches occasionally, and gives much of his time 
 and energies toward the promotion of the various great 
 causes of benevolence, and the spread of the gospel. He 
 was married, March 3d, 1837, to Mary Ann Witter, daugh- 
 ter of Rev. William Witter, of Gorham, New York. At 
 her death he was again married, June 6lh, 1843, to Harriet 
 (Oviatt) Bronson, widow of Sherman Bronson, and daugh- 
 ter of Herman Oviatt, one of the pioneer settlers of Ohio 
 Western Reserve. 
 
 r) c) 
 
 cMAHON, HON. JOHN A., Member of Congress, 
 Lawyer, was born in Frederick county, Maryland, 
 February 19th, 1833, being the son of John V. L. 
 McMahon and Elizabeth (Gouger) McMahon. 
 His father was a native of the same State, and a 
 lawyer of illustrious fame. His mother was a 
 native of Pennsylvania. His education was conducted at 
 St. Xavier’s College, Cincinnati, from which he graduated 
 in 1S49. During the ensuing year, while pursuing a course 
 of historical reading, he taught one year at this college. 
 He then entered upon the study of law at Dayton with his 
 relative, the late Hon. Clement L. Vallandigham. Under 
 this able preceptor he made rapid and thorough progress in 
 his reading, and in 1854 was admitted to the bar. He then 
 formed a law partnership with Mr. Vallandigham, which 
 continued uninterrupted until the latter was elected to 
 Congress in 1858. Mr. McMahon practised alone until 
 1861, when he associated with Hon. George W. Honk, and 
 this partnership still exists. His political affiliations through 
 life have been Democratic. He ably supported Mr. Val- 
 landigham during his campaigns, and as a speaker and as 
 an organizer rendered material services to the party of which 
 he is a prominent member. He was ncT’er a candidate for 
 public office until solicited to become the Democratic nomi- 
 nee from Dayton for the Forty-fourth Congress in 1874. 
 On this occasion he was compelled to accejd. He was 
 elected by a majority of 1099 votes over Hon. Louis B. 
 Gunckel, Republican, who, in 1872, had been elected by a 
 majority of 1929. Mr. McMahon’s reputation is that of a 
 leading lawyer of the bar of Ohio. He has been for years 
 prominently engaged in important civil cases. He is thor- 
 oughly read in all branches of the law, and is equally dis- 
 tinguished as a pleader and as a counsellor in chambers. 
 His practice has been very large and varied, and has been 
 carried on in State and Federal courts. He is very pojndar 
 with his townspeople, and has earned their confidence and 
 
1 50 
 
 RIOGRAPIIICAL ENCVCLOP.RDIA. 
 
 respect by the brilliancy as well as the integrity of his career, 
 lie was married, January 23d, 1861, to Mollie, daughter 
 of Joseph Sprigg, of Cumberland, Maryland. 
 
 RTER, DAVID A., M. D., of Canton, was born 
 in Columbiana county, Ohio, on January 3d, 
 1820. Ilis paternal ancestors were natives of 
 Wurtemberg, Germany. Ilis father, Michael 
 Aider, was a native of Maryland, a tanner and 
 currier by trade, and withal a man of marked 
 ability and intelligence. Ilis mother, nee Lydia Richard- 
 son, belonged to a well-known family of that name in Penn- 
 sylvania. The rudiments of David’s education were ob- 
 tained in the log school houses of the western country 
 during his boyhood. As soon as he had arrived at proper 
 years, he learnt the trade of his father, which he thoroughly 
 mastered. When in his twentieth year, desiring to still fur- 
 ther educate himself, he spent about two years in Allegheny 
 College. Leaving there in 1841 he entered the office of 
 Drs. Robertson and Cary, prominent practitioners of that 
 day in Columbiana county, the latter. Dr. Cary, enjoying 
 the reputation of being one of the leading physicians and 
 surgeons in the State of Ohio at that period. Having spent 
 two years in study with these gentlemen. Dr. Alter matricu- 
 lated in 1843 Miami Medical College, at Cincinnati, 
 
 and received his degree from that place in the spring of 
 1845. Six months previous to graduating he associated 
 himself wdth a prominent practitioner of Stark county. Dr. 
 Ilaldeman, with whom he followed the profession until his 
 graduation from Miami College. He then located in Car- 
 roll county, Ohio, and there for a period of twenty years 
 successfully labored and acquired considerable skill and 
 reputation. In 1865 he removed to Canton, where he has 
 since practised. He has at times contributed to the press 
 of the profession. He was first married in 1844 to Elmira 
 Ferrall, of Columbiana county, Ohio, who died in October, 
 1S58; and was again married, in i860, to his present wife, 
 Maggie McCall, of Washington county, Pennsylvania. 
 
 NKLIN, SAMUEL A., M. D., of Canton, was 
 born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, on 
 February loth, 1841. His father, Isaac Conklin, 
 a farmer, was a native of New' Jersey. His mo- 
 ther, nee Lydia Sears, belonged to Pennsylvania. 
 After securing a liberal education at the Normal 
 ■School in his native county, he engaged in teaching, which 
 vocation he followed for about four years. Deciding to 
 adopt the profession of medicine, he entered the office of 
 Dr. John Kelly, of Claysville, Pennsylvania, in 1864, and 
 with him pursued his studies for two years. He then ma- 
 triculated at Ann Arbor University, in Michigan, in 1866, 
 and took his degree from that institution in the spring of 
 
 iS 63 . Locating himself at Belle Vernon, Fayette county, 
 Pennsylvania, he practised there with success until the fall 
 *^73, when he remov'ed to Canton, his present abode. 
 He is a member of the American Medical Association, and 
 ■during his sojourn in Fayette county belonged to the med- 
 ical society of that county. Since locating in Canton he has 
 become a member of the Northeastern Ohio Medical Asso- 
 ciation. Although comparatively young both in years and 
 practice. Dr. Conklin is much esteemed, both in the profes- 
 sion and among his patrons, and while he may be termed a 
 new-comer in Canton, ho has already taken position among 
 the most respected and ablest of the profession in that town. 
 He W'as married in 1S67 to Laura Bitgher, of Fayette City, 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 ONES, WILLIAM, M. D., was born in Warren 
 county, Ohio, January 12th, 1813. He was the 
 third of eight children. His father, Isaac Jones, 
 was a native of Maryland, but became one of the 
 early settlers of Warren county, afterwards re- 
 moving to Michigan, locating near Cassopolis, 
 where he resided until his death. His life had been spent 
 chiefly in agricultural pursuits. His mother, Mary Payne, 
 was a native of New Jersey, and died in 1S74, at Somer- 
 ville, Butler county, Ohio, having lived to a very advanced 
 age. William Jones was early taught to labor, and at the 
 age of thirteen began life, relying entirely on his ow'ii re- 
 sources. He came to Montgomery, Hamilton county, Ohio, 
 his present home, and obtained employment on a farm, with 
 the firm determination, however, of acquiring an education, 
 and resolving that his principles through life should be 
 moral, and his habits frugal and industrious. At the end 
 of a year he commenced learning a trade, that of bricklayer 
 and housebuilder, at which he labored diligently for four 
 years. During this time he had applied himself closely to 
 intellectual improvement, passing his evenings in reading 
 and study, so that at the time he completed his trade he 
 W'as qualified to take charge of a school, and obtaining a 
 position as teacher in Hamilton county, occupied the same 
 for a period of four years. While discharging conscien- 
 tiously the duties of his vocation, he still found many leisure 
 moments, which he earnestly devoted to the reading of 
 medicine, and finally deciding to adopt the profession, he 
 entered the Ohio Medical College, from which he graduated 
 in 1842. He was appointed, in March, lS75,oneofa com- 
 mittee of five to draft a suitable constitution and by-laws for 
 the government of the Ohio Medical College Alumni. Im- 
 mediately afterward he located in Montgomery, where he 
 has resided up to the present time, engaged as a practi- 
 tioner, and meeting with great success. He has been a 
 member of the School Board for a number of years, and has 
 always been closely identified with educational interests. 
 Politically he is a Democr.at, and in 1859 was elected a 
 member of the State Legislature, and served for two years, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOPyEDIA. 
 
 during which time he was mainly instrumental in securing 
 the passage of the bill for the relief of the General Govern- 
 ment. Religiously he is a Pi'esbyterian, a man whose life 
 has been devoted to usefulness and whose influence has 
 always been for good. In social life the doctor is a delight- 
 ful companion, genial in his disposition, and courteous in 
 his manners, always an agreeable addition to the circle in 
 which he moves. Over thirty years of unceasing labor and 
 of constant application to the duties of his profession has 
 somewhat impaired his physical ability, but his mental facul- 
 ties are vigorous, and his spirits buoyant. He has been a 
 prominent member of the Masonic fraternity for about thirty 
 years, and is also intimately identified with the Society of 
 Odd Fellows. He was twice married, his first wife being 
 Charlotte Thomp.son, a native of Hamilton county, who died 
 in 1844, leaving one child. On February nth, 1846, he 
 was married to Mary J. McMeen, a native of Franklin, 
 Warren county, Ohio, daughter of J. McMeen, an early and 
 prominent settler of that county. 
 
 - RFVITT, HENRY, Farmer, was born at Marble- 
 head, Massachusetts, in October or November, 
 1755, and was the son of Richard Trevitt and Eliz- 
 abeth (Brown) Trevitt. His father emigrated 
 with two brothers from England before the out- 
 break of the war of the Triple Alliance, and set- 
 tled in the above-mentioned locality. He, the father, was 
 engaged in the military service of his country against the 
 French and Indians, and while serving in the army lost his 
 life in that service at Fort George, on the lake of the same 
 name. The maternal grandmother of the subject of this 
 notice was a sister of General Putnam, a name prominent 
 in the revolutionary annals of America. His mother, 
 about si.x years subsequent to her husband’s death, was 
 again married to Amos Flint. The family then moved to 
 Reading, Massachusetts, whence, after a lapse of five years, 
 the various members removed to that part of Amherst, New 
 Hampshire, subsequently set apart as Mount Vernon, where 
 Amos I'lint purchased a farm, on which the entire family 
 resided until the decease of both its heads. He served as a 
 volunteer soldier, or “ minute man,” for nearly the entire 
 period of time of the revolutionary conflict. He participated 
 in many of those unequal engagements of the revolutionary 
 struggle, and concluded his active services in the field in 
 the memorable “ Bennington Fight,” under the gallant 
 Stark, which contributed .so much to bring the great conflict 
 to a successful close; and for his services during that event- 
 ful period was, up to the date of his demise, in the receipt 
 of a pension from the government. In June, 1829, he left 
 the farm at Mount Vernon, and settled in St. Albans town- 
 ship, Licking county, Ohio, where he ever afterward perma- 
 nently resided. He was one of the race of hardy pioneers 
 and adventurous settlers to whose courage and calm endur- 
 
 151 
 
 ance must be attributed the after prosperity of the country. 
 And at ninety-five years of age, he was able to walk unas- 
 sisted, while his intellectual faculties were in an unusually 
 excellent state of preservation. He was married when thirty 
 years of age, at the residence of the officiating clergyman. 
 Rev. Mr. Goodrich, Lyndeborough, New Hampshire, to 
 Jane Thompson. At the date of their marriage, her parents 
 were dead. Her grandmother, who had emigrated from 
 Scotland, lived with the couple subsequently until her de- 
 cease. The issue of that union was seven sons and two 
 daughters, of whom all but one son arrived at full manhood 
 or womanhood. His wife died in the fall of 1S16, and 
 April 27th, 1850, occurred his decease. July 3d, 1850, his 
 remains were removed to the Green Lawn Cemetery, Colum- 
 bus, Ohio, where a suitable monument has been erected to 
 mark the resting-place of one whose long, eventful life as 
 soldier, citizen, parent and friend challenges the admiration 
 of all who appreciate the highest order of pei'fect manhood 
 and of human excellence. 
 
 KITING, AUREN W., M. D., was born in Litch- 
 field county, Connecticut, in January, 1826. His 
 parents were Ira and Elizabeth (Conklin) Whiting, 
 both natives of Connecticut. Auren W. was edu- 
 cated mostly at the High School in Westfield, 
 Massachusetts. Desiring to practise medicine, he 
 commenced his studies for that profession with Dr. W. B. 
 De Forest, in Colebrook, Connecticut, and in 1S46 matricu- 
 lated at the medical department of Yale College. After 
 one course of lectures in this college he repaired to Canton, 
 Ohio, where his brother was engaged m the practice of med- 
 icine, and here he continued his studies, and also gradually 
 took up practice. In the winter of 1849-50 he attended 
 lectures in the medical department of the Western Reserve 
 College, at Cleveland, and graduated from that institution 
 in the spring of 1850. Locating himself at Massillon, Ohio, 
 he followed with success his profession until the spring of 
 1857. Wishing to avail himself of the advantages to Itie 
 secured in his profession abroad, he then spent about 
 eighteen months in Europe, visiting the hospitals in Baris 
 and other important European cities. He returned home 
 in July, 1858, and, resuming his profession, entered the 
 Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, located near Cleveland. 
 Here he acted as physician for the next three years or there- 
 abouts. He then repaired to Washington, District of Co- 
 lumbia, and entered the service of the United States, doing 
 duty in the field hospital at Georgetown, where he was 
 engaged for about four months. He then took up his abode 
 in Canton, Ohio, and engaged in private practice, and for a 
 while assisted his brother, who at that time was acting as 
 examining surgeon for that district. From his jirevious 
 residence in Massillon, the adjoining westward town to 
 Canton, Dr. Whiting soon regained an extensive practice, in 
 
152 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENC.YCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 which he is still engaged. lie has been a member of the 
 Ohio State Medical Society for many years, and, during its 
 e.xistence, a member of the Stark County Medical Associa- 
 tion. During his connection with the Northern Ohio 
 Lunatic Asylum he was recognized as a delegate and at- 
 tended the meeting of the American Medical Association, 
 which convened that year at Louisville, Kentucky. De- 
 voted to his profession, he has confined himself exclusively 
 to its pursuits, and stands among the leaders of that frater- 
 nity in Canton. 
 
 t 
 
 e) 
 
 EREDITII, L. r., M. D., D. D. R., was born in 
 Xenia, Greene county, Ohio, March iSth, 1S41, 
 descending from an old and titled Phiglish fam- 
 ily. His father, Philip Collins Meredith, when a 
 child came to America with his widowed mother, 
 upon whom misfortunes accumulated during her 
 voyage to and settlement in the new western world. She 
 lost nearly all her property through the dishonesty of busi- 
 ness agents. Her only means were then supplied by an 
 annuity which yielded her just a comfortable maintenance 
 during her life. Philip, from Virginia, where he had first 
 settled, removed to Ohio, where he became interested with 
 Charles Lee in a jewelry establishment. Afterward he 
 studied and practised medicine. He was married in 1835 
 to Julia, youngest daughter of Colonel Sexton of Virginia, 
 who held an important position in the war of iSi 2, subse- 
 quently representing his county for twelve years in the State 
 Legislature, and well known as one of the committee ap- 
 pointed by that body to escort Lafayette on the occasion of 
 his visit to America, in 1824. Mrs. Meredith was a lady 
 of many accomplishments, and in every way fitted to super- 
 vise the education of a son in training for professional life. 
 Dr. Meredith, about the year 1845, compelled to aban- 
 don the practice of medicine, which was too rigorous for 
 his health, and turned his attention to dentistry and re- 
 moved to Cincinnati, where he continued as a dental 
 surgeon for twenty years. His strength for professional 
 life now gave way, and he retired to a newly purchased 
 residence at Yellow Springs, Ohio. Although a physician 
 and dentist of accredited skill, and always favored with a 
 lucrative patronage, his luxurious habits of life and impul- 
 sive generosity prevented him from amassing even a com- 
 petency. Towards the close of his active career he realized 
 the necessity of making a suitable provision for his family, 
 and to this end applied himself with great energy. His 
 anticipations, without question, would all have been realized 
 had not failing health incapacitated him from further labor. 
 He was compelled to surrender his practice to his son, L. 
 P. Meredith. The education of the latter was obtained at 
 Stephenson’s and Herron’s seminaries, in Cincinnati, and 
 at the Walnut Hills High School, where he acquired a j 
 thorough knowledge of Latin in connection with a compre- 
 hensive English course. He was one of the four pupils j 
 
 ! who passed the examination for admittance to that institu- 
 tion when first organized. .Subsequently, under private 
 tutors, he studied and made good progress in the French, 
 German and Spanish languages. From an early age he 
 displayed an unusual degree of literary ability, and this 
 ability was rapidly developed in the interim between his 
 retirement from school and his entrance into the profession 
 of dentistry as the successor of his father. He wrote con- 
 siderably for the press, generally under a noni de plume, 
 and his productions were characterized by originality of 
 thought and grace of expression. His papers on political 
 subjects show him to have been familiar with the details cf 
 some of the most important events in our civil history. He 
 became an expert chess-player, and before reaching his 
 twentieth year had won a local championship match, had 
 become President of the Cincinnati Chess Club and had 
 conquered Mr. Turner, of Kentucky, who some time prior 
 had played a match wdth Mr. Stanley, of New York, for the 
 championship of the United .States. Subsequently Mr. 
 Turner won a small majority of the games, more serious 
 matters requiring the attention of Mr. Meredith. Several 
 years have usually intervened betw'een his test games, but 
 Mr. Meredith has never been beaten in set matches, except 
 by Mr. Judd, in a trial of skill between leading Ohio 
 players in 1S72. Since then he has played but little, and 
 that little has always been recreation, not labor. In 1859 
 he W’ent to Xenia to read law with his uncle, Joseph 
 Sexton, then Prosecuting Attorney, and afterwmrds Judge 
 of the Superior Court. He there obtained a teacher’s cer- 
 tificate and taught school two terms. Upon the breaking 
 out of the rebellion he entered the 74th C)hio Regiment, 
 and remained with that command until 1862, when he 
 returned home to Cincinnati, the exposure of camp life 
 having unfitted him for further service in the field. While 
 his parents were undecided as to his profession in life, and 
 were arriving at a determination wdiat it should be, he w'as 
 acquiring a practical insight into the details of the profes- 
 sion followed by his father. The latter, believing that he 
 should be compelled to relinqui.sh his calling in a shoat 
 time, now took every opportunity to educate his son in the 
 science of dental surgery, in order that, as his successor, he 
 might retrieve the fortunes of the family. These efforts 
 w'ere successful. L. P. Meredith assumed his father’s 
 duties, and was installed in his Cincinnati office at an 
 earlier age than that at which most men enter upon pro- 
 fessional life. Success, in the vocation he accepted as a 
 necessity, was now his ambition, and he took every step to 
 merit it. He studied with tact and diligence, his father 
 aiding him greatly with his counsel. He attended the 
 Dental College of Philadelphia, and from that institution, 
 in 1867, took his degree of D. D. S., his father issuing 
 from his retirement to discharge the labors of the son while 
 finishing his course at college. The latter returned to 
 Cincinnati and engaged in a practice both large and lucra- 
 tive, not alone securing to his now widow'ed mother a 
 
BIOGUAPIIICAL LXCVCLOIAKDIA. 
 
 «53 
 
 comfortable maintenance, but earning for himself a high 
 reputation as a careful and skilful dentist, lie studied 
 medicine as an auxiliary to his profession, graduating in 
 the spring of 1871 with the degree of M. D. from the Ohio 
 IMedical College. In June of the same year he produced a 
 popular work on “ The Teeth, and How to .Save Them,” 
 which was most favorably received by the press and public 
 throughout the country. The Clinic says of it : “ The little 
 volume before us is designed to supply a much needed 
 want. The finished education of its author in literai-y as 
 well as medical and dental science has enabled him to do 
 this in a most pleasing air'd graceful style. A half hour of 
 real enjoyment is offered to the reader in the perusal of the 
 chapter on the ‘ History of Dentistry.’ The little book is 
 rich not only in its history ; it is full of practical hints of 
 easy comprehension, and is destined, we predict, for wide 
 circulation.” In 1S72 Dr. Meredith issued “ Ev'eryday 
 Errors of Speech,” which afforded wider scope for the ver- 
 satility and learning of its author. The character of the 
 volume m.ay be understood from a prefatory remark: “ It 
 is not intended to instruct those whose education has been 
 so neglected that they are guilty of the grossest violations 
 of syntax, orthoepy and taste in the use of words. It is de- 
 signed chiefiy to correct the many errors of pronunciation 
 amongst people of fair or excellent education, which are 
 persisted in simply because they have not had their atten- 
 tion called to them.” This is the work of a scholar who 
 has had unrivalled opportunities of noting the constant 
 breaches upon syntactical propriety by people of more than 
 ordinary intelligence. During the spring of 1872 Dr. 
 Meredith accepted an invitation from the faculty of the 
 Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery to deliver a 
 course of lectures on the “Teeth” to the students of that 
 institution. He delivered four courses of lectures, and was 
 honored with the presence of a large and attentive auditory, 
 composed not alone of students, upon the occasion of each 
 lecture. In the fall of 1874 he was invited to occupy the 
 same position in the Ohio Medical College. At the pre- 
 liminary course of popular lectures he delivered a lecture, 
 “Our Teeth and their Preservation,” which has since been 
 published, and although only a pamphlet it has, on account 
 of the new theories advanced, caused many comments from 
 the press in this country and abroad. He is an interesting 
 speaker, capable of analyzing scientific problems so clearly 
 that their solution becomes easy to the dullest compre- 
 hension. There are few men who have achieved higher 
 distinction for their mastery of dental surgery than Dr. 
 Meredith. He is an indefatigable worker, and contributes 
 in every possible way for the advancement of his profes- 
 sion. In 1873 he issued a “ Pocket Dental Register,” and 
 in 1874 the “ Pocket Dental Journal ” and “ Pocket Dental 
 Ledger,” which became very popular with practitioners. 
 In Eebruary, 1874, he delivered a lecture on “Examina- 
 tion, Appreciation and Fees,” which was widely published 
 in the journals of the profession. By request, he submitted 
 
 to be read at the Reunion .of the Seventh and Eighth Dis- 
 trict Dental .Societies of New York, in October, 1874, a 
 paper on “Thoughts about the ‘Arthur Method,’” which 
 was published in the Missonri Dental Jonrnal. It is 
 claimed by many to be the strongest attack yet made 
 against that plan of practice, and it is one to which no 
 answer has ever been made by its advocates. His success- 
 ful practice and his position in the leading ranks of the 
 profession are the result of diligence in study and diligence 
 and care in practice. His recreation is chiefly literature. 
 He is a keen observer, with the faculty of observing and 
 of describing the salient peculiarities of appearance and of 
 character in short, expressive sentences. He is excellent 
 at etching, not like Rembrandt, but like Sterne, his pen- 
 pictures being remarkably true to life. He is a gentleman 
 of scholarly tastes and of liberal views. He is a member 
 of the Presbyterian Church. There is every reason to 
 believe that his name, as Dr. Meredith is still a young 
 man, will become more intimately and more prominently 
 associated with the advancement of dental science in this 
 country. In 1868 he was married to Kate Kellogg Keck- 
 eler, a young lady whose culture and attainments render 
 her an invaluable adviser and a.ssociate. 
 
 jATTISON, HON. JOHN M., Lawyer and Repre- 
 sentative in the Sixty-first General Assembly of 
 Ohio from the city of Cincinnati, was born in 
 Clermont county, Ohio, June 13th, 1847. He is 
 the son of \Villiam Pattison and Mary ( Duck- 
 wale) Pattison. His father was a country mer- 
 chant, in only moderate circumstances, and after reaching 
 the age of sixteen years he was thrown on his own re- 
 sources and compelled to battle his way unaided to fame 
 and fortune. At the close of the rebellion he entered the 
 Union army, in the four months’ service, and at the expira- 
 tion of his term, ardently desiring to acquire a thorough 
 education, attended the Ohio Wesleyan University, at 
 Delaware, Ohio. While pursuing his .studies he maintained 
 himself by teaching, and laboring in the harvest fields in 
 summer. He finally graduated in the class of 1869, taking 
 the degree of A. B., the degree of A. M. being conferred in 
 course. Soon after leaving college he registered for the 
 bar, but his health becoming enfeebled he travelled, on 
 
 business accounts, through the West for a couple of years. 
 On his return he completed his studies in the office of Judge 
 Alfred Yople, of Cincinnati, and in 1872 graduated from 
 the law school in that city. Directly after his admission to 
 the bar he entered on the practice of his profession, and 
 received the appointment of Assistant Attorney for the 
 Cincinnati & Marietta Railway, which position he held 
 until his election to the Legislature, when, from a sense of 
 duty to his constituency — fearing lest the office should limit 
 his sphere of usefulness — he decided to send to the company 
 
 20 
 
154 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 Ills resignation. At the bar he has won a veiy creditable 
 reputation. He is the Attorney for the Committee of Safety 
 for the City of Cincinnati, an association of prominent busi- 
 ness men who make it their duty to preserve the general 
 interests of the city by prosecuting official corruption and 
 fraud. In 1873 elected, on the Democratic ticket, 
 
 to represent his city in the Sixty-first General Assembly, and 
 still acts with that body. He serves on the Committee on 
 Judiciary and is Chairman of the Committee on Enrolment. 
 By that law of intellectual gravitation which regulates im- 
 material things so unerringly he has won for himself a 
 leading position in the honorable Assembly, and possesses 
 much influence among his colleagues, who esteem him as 
 an able and enterprising citizen and official. 
 
 ^ MITII, CAPTAIN JAMES, Assistant Treasurer 
 of Hamilton County, was born in Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, April 14th, 1831. He was the fifth child 
 in a family of eleven children whose parents were 
 James Smith, of the county of Cork, Ireland, and 
 Mary (O’Brien) Smith, a native of the county of 
 Clare, in the same country. His earlier education was 
 received in the common schools of Cincinnati. While in 
 his twentieth year he went to California, where he remained 
 until the winter of 1861-62. He then returned to the At- 
 lantic States as a soldier of the Union in the regular army. 
 While in Washington, District of Columbia, Hon. George 
 II. Pendleton, who was at that time a member of Congress, 
 in conjunction with Hon. Milton S. I.atham, of California, 
 assisted by almost the whole of the members of Congress 
 from both States, with several officers of the regular army, 
 asked that he might be placed in the line of promotion. 
 But owing to his situation as a private soldier the desired 
 end was not attained. He was then informed by Hon. 
 George II. Pendleton, on the evening preceding General 
 McClellan’s advance on Manassas, that the project in view 
 had met with failure. His reply was that “ if he lived, he 
 would earn promotion on the battle-field.” Ultimately, 
 after several recommendations, won by his coolness and 
 gallant conduct whde an active participant in various en- 
 gagements, he received the coveted promotion, and subse- 
 quently commanded the company which he had joined as a 
 private. During the war of the rebellion he was engaged 
 in the following battles: Yorktown, Mechanicsville, Gaines’ 
 Mill, Turkey Bend, Malvern Hill, South Mountain, An- 
 tietam, Fredericksburg, Jackson, Vicksburg, Campbell’s 
 Station, Knoxville, Mine Run and Spottsylvania Court 
 House. He took part also in several skirmishes and minor 
 engagements, and wdth singular good fortune, his incessant 
 and active service in the field being considered, passed 
 through the ordeal of war with but one flesh wound. In 
 October, 1865, he resigned his commission in the service 
 of the United States, and went to Ireland for the purpose 
 
 of assisting the oppressed there in securing a free and inde- 
 pendent government. A few months after his arrival he 
 was arrested by the British authorities, and, under the sus- 
 pension of the Habeas Corpus act, was thrown into prison, 
 where he remained for a period of three months. His 
 release was then secured through the intervention of 
 Andrew Johnson, President of the United States. He 
 afterward crossed over to England and labored zealously 
 to promote the Irish cause until the affair of Chester, which 
 became a fiasco by means of the machinations of Corrydon, 
 the informer. On his return to Ireland he took part in the 
 rising of 1867, was again arrested on his entry into the city 
 of Dublin and was indicted for high treason. At the ex- 
 piration of 'three months’ imprisonment he was tried for 
 “White Boyism,” but the Crown being unable to procure 
 evidence to convict for high treason he was sentenced by 
 Lord Chief-Justice Whiteside to one year’s imprisonment at 
 hard labor. A few months after his sentence had expired 
 he returned to his native place in this country. He is a 
 Democrat of the old school, is ardently opposed to all 
 monopolies, and sustains those measures which, in his 
 ojiinion, confer the greater good upon the greater number. 
 His religious views are broad and liberal, and he has al- 
 ways manifested a warm interest in all movements concern- 
 ing educational matters. At the present time he holds the 
 position of School Trustee from a Republican ward. While 
 in Dublin he married an estimable lady of that place. 
 
 I URTON, HON. STEPHEN IT, Senator from the 
 First Ohio District, was born in Albany, New 
 York, June 25th, 1816, being the son of Matthew 
 and Esther (Van Wie) Burton. His education 
 was commenced in a private school in his native 
 place, but when twelve years of age he was with- 
 drawn from it and placed in business, and never afterwards 
 had the benefit of school instruction. The sirbstantial 
 knowledge which he subsequently acquired was through 
 his own efforts at self-teaching. He became an enthusiastic 
 student and a great reader; reading, however, with excel- 
 lent discrimination. At the age of fourteen he left home to 
 make his fortune, and when nineteen went to Texas, where 
 he enimged, under Houston, in the deliverance of that State 
 from Mexican dominion. This -was a career of great ex- 
 citement and danger, of daring raids and of hair-breadth 
 escapes. Upon his return from Texas he went to Troy, 
 
 New York, where he lived seven years, and then moved, 
 in 1844, to Cincinnati, where he engaged in manufacturing. 
 He was very successful in business, earning prosperity by 
 persevering energy and enterprise, and in 1869 retired from 
 active life to enjoy the fortune he had amassed. In 1873 
 he was elected, on the Republican ticket, as State Senator 
 from the First District (Hamilton county), and has been 
 prominent in all important legislative proceedings. For 
 

 
 f > 
 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 >55 
 
 his services in Texas he was, thirty-eight years after they 
 were rendered, recompensed in the sum of $1000, in Texas 
 bonds, by a special grant of the Legislature. He was mar- 
 ried in 1839, at Troy, New York, to Martha Whipple, who 
 bore him three children ; the eldest is now an extensive 
 manufacture in Cincinnati. Mr. Burton is a very well 
 known and a highly esteemed citizen of Cincinnati. He 
 has largely interested himself in extending the industrial 
 and commercial relations of that city, and has liberally 
 supported all public improvements. He is still in the 
 possession of vigorous health. 
 
 EBORN, FREDERICK A., Lawyer, was born on 
 the 31st of May, 1813, in Ulster county. New 
 York. Before he had reached the age of seven 
 years his parents removed to Zanesville, Ohio, 
 and that place has been his home for most of the 
 time since. He remained with his parents until 
 he had reached his fifteenth year, and in the meantime 
 took advantage of such opportunities for obtaining an edu- 
 cation as were offered by the private schools of tliat period 
 and of that locality. At the age of fifteen he left home and 
 went out to serve an apprenticeship at the potter’s trade. 
 His school days were over at that early age, but with the 
 ending of his school days the end of his purpose to achieve 
 an education was not reached. All his spare moments he 
 devoted to private study. He studied hard and to excel- 
 lent purpose, and as time went by he became better in- 
 formed than very many who had enjoyed the amplest 
 opportunities at good schools. He served out his appren- 
 ticeship and ma-stered his trade, and having mastered it he 
 worked at it for a considerable time as a Journeyman. For 
 about twelve years, as apprentice and journeyman, he 
 labored at the potter’s trade ; not continuously, however, 
 for at intervals he devoted himself to teaching school, avail- 
 ing himself of every such opportunity that presented itself. 
 In the year 1841 he definitely and finally gave up the 
 potter’s business, and devoted himself for the time being to 
 that of teaching. He obtained a situation as teacher in the 
 public schools of Zanesville, and, notwithstanding his 
 limited opportunities for obtaining a school education, he 
 proved admirably qualified to fulfil the duties of his voca- 
 tion, and illustrated anew the fact that native capacity and 
 a well-directed will are better than opportunity. He con- 
 tinued in his position as public school teacher for a period 
 of about three and a half years. He had long since de- 
 cided, however, that his career in life was not to be that 
 of a school teacher any more than that of a potter. Having 
 mastered for himself the difficulties in the way of obtaining 
 a general education, he had set about mastering for him- 
 self the special difficulties of professional study. He had 
 decided that he would become a lawyer, and all his spare 
 lime while engaged in teaching was given up to legal study. 
 
 He studied law under difficulties, but he studied it effectu- 
 ally and successfully; so effectually and so successfully that 
 in the year 1844, at the age of thirty-one, he was admitted 
 to the bar as a practising lawyer. He immediately set to 
 work in his new profession, and in time was in possession 
 of a large and increasing practice. He has continued his 
 practice without interruption ever since, and has prospered 
 in his professional work. For many years he has been an 
 active and prominent member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, and in 1855 was ordained a local elder in that 
 church, a position which he still holds. For over ten years 
 he filled the position of County School Examiner, and 
 from 1859 to 1869 he was Secretary of the County Agricul- 
 tural Society, both of which positions he filled in the most 
 satisfactory manner. He has also been twice elected Justice 
 of the Peace, and since 1847 has been a Notary Public. 
 
 CORE, REV. WILLIAM THOMAS, one of the 
 most successful, scholarly, progressive and popu- 
 lar clergymen of the Disciple or Christian Church, 
 was born in Henry county, Kentucky, August 
 27th, 1832. He is of Scotch-Irish extraction, his 
 immediate ancestors being Virginians. From 
 these he inherited great physical strength and many remark- 
 able traits of character, as may, to some extent, be seen in 
 the accompanying portrait. The lofty, broad, prominent, 
 bold forehead and dark over-arching eyebrows, give the 
 whole countenance at times an almost prophetically stern 
 aspect, although his benevolence has such a controlling in- 
 fluence on his character as to manifest itself constantly in 
 his personal appearance. His tall angular and powerful 
 physitiue, with the massive superstructure, indicates the 
 man of uncommon endowments. Many of the circum- 
 stances of his boyhood conduced to the develojunent of 
 this remarkable character. His father, dying when he was 
 in his ninth year, left him and five other children with his 
 mother dependent upon their own exertions. This neces- 
 sarily subjected him to the rugged discipline of toil and 
 poverty. These early struggles led to the development of 
 those elements of character which were some time to place 
 him among the first preachers of his day. At an early age 
 he showed signs of uncommon mental strength, and distin- 
 guished himself among his fellows. Through perseverance 
 and self-denial he gathered the rudiments of an Plnglish 
 education at home, and early entered the academy at New 
 Castle, Kentucky. Here he studied and taught for several 
 years, until in 1855, when he entered Bethany College, Vir- 
 ginia. In 1858 he graduated, and delivered the valedictory 
 for his class at the commencement. Shortly after this he 
 was called to the pastorate of the Christian Church in 
 Frankfort, Kentucky. This position he held until 1864. 
 But in that year he was forced to resign on account of fail- 
 ing health, brought on by over-study and over-work. Dur- 
 
56 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 iug this year he was married to Mary A. Bishop, daughter 
 of IIoii. R. M. Bishop, of Cincinnati. In 1865, after a 
 few months’ rest, he became pastor of Jefferson Avenue 
 Christian Church, Detroit, Michigan. This charge, how- 
 ever, he resigned in the following year to occupy a chair in 
 the Kentucky University. About the same time he was 
 invited to the pastorate of what is now the Central Chris- 
 tian Church, Cincinnati. Both of these positions he ac- 
 cepted, and delivered a brief course of lectures in the Uni- 
 versity every season, while performing the duties of his 
 pastorate, until, in 1869, the growing importance of his work 
 in Cincinnati compelled him to resign his professorship. 
 Mr. Moore’s church, with a membership of about 800, is the 
 largest and one of the most important in the city. In 1868 
 he made a trip to Europe, visiting the principal cities and 
 remarkable places. On his return to the United States he 
 resumed charge of his old church and started the publica- 
 tion of the Christian Quarterly. He is a voluminous 
 writer. Added to the vast number of sermons, lectures, 
 addresses and controversial papers that have come from his 
 active brain, stand most prominent among his literary works 
 “ Views of Life,” a book of beautiful practical thoughts, 
 put in the most entertaining manner, without any of the 
 cant of the pulpit; and the “ Living Pulpit of the Christian 
 Church.” He was many years literary editor of the 
 American Christian Review. He was one of the compilers 
 of the “Christian Hymn Book,” and the editor of the 
 “ Christian Hymnal,” where his hand and taste may eveiy- 
 where be seen. He edited Alexander Campbell’s “ Lec- 
 tures on the Pentateuch,” and is now editor-in-chief of the 
 Christian Quarterly. The Quarterly is largely composed 
 of doctrinal and polemical discussions, and is regarded 
 as the ablest religious periodical in this country. Its 
 editorial reviews are liberal and scholarly, and in short it 
 represents the theological brains of the denomination. Mr. 
 Moore is now also engaged with other distinguished men 
 of his church in the preparation of a “ Commentary on the 
 New Testament,” the Book of Acts having been assigned 
 as his share of the work. One of the great works of his 
 life is the part he has taken in the building of that beautiful 
 temple to the Almighty — the Central Christian Church of 
 Cincinnati. Mr. Moore is one of the most energetic and 
 effective workers in his denomination. When it became 
 apparent that the Discijdes should organize a uniform plan 
 of church co-operation, he first indicated the methods neces- 
 sary to reach this end. In the General Convention, held in 
 St. Louis in 1869, he offered a resolution submitting the 
 whole matter of church co-operation to a committee of 
 twenty. This committee, of which he was chairman, com- 
 posed of the ablest men in the church, met in Louisville 
 and reported a plan of organization, which was adopted by 
 the entire church. This was the first systematic organiza- 
 tion of the churches of the Disciples for co-operation in 
 missionary work. No man rendered more effective service 
 in bringing about this result than the subject of this sketch. 
 
 In 1874 Mr. Moore was a delegate from the Disciples to 
 the Triennial Conference of Eree Will Baptists, held in 
 Providence, Rhode Island. Here he delivered an earnest ad- 
 dress on the faith and practices of the Disciples, and proposed 
 to the Conference the appointment of a committee to meet a 
 committee from the General Convention of Disciples, to 
 consider the matter of a union of these denopiinations. His 
 address and proposition were enthusiastically received in 
 the Conference, and the committee appointed to meet a 
 similar one subsequently appointed by the Disciples. Of 
 this latter committee Mr. Moore is a member. A preacher 
 of uncommon attractiveness and strength, deservedly popu- 
 lar in his church, an earnest worker of remarkable execu- 
 tive ability, and in the prime of life, with all the enthusiasm 
 of youth, Mr. Moore seems yet at the outset of a beneficent 
 career. 
 
 AYNES, DANIEL A., Lawyer, and for fourteen 
 years Judge of the Superior Court of Mont- 
 gomery County, was born in Columbia county. 
 New York, September plh, 1815. His parents 
 were Daniel and .Magdalena (.Simmonds) 
 Haynes. His father, who was a physician, 
 was a native of Hampden county, Massachusetts. His 
 mother was a native of New York. He received his 
 education at Union College, Schenectady, graduating in 
 the class of 1835. Soon after he came to Ohio, settling 
 at Dayton, where for a year he taught in the Dayton 
 Academy, and then began the study of law with Judge 
 Crane. In the fall of 1839 he was admitted to the bar, 
 and in Jatut.iry, 1840, began practice in partnership with 
 Henry .Stoddard. In 1843 was elected Prosecuting 
 Attorney for Montgomery County, and again in 1845. 
 
 1847 he was elected to the Legislature, and at the close 
 of the session, in the spring of 1848, he formed a law 
 partnership with John Howard, which continued till 1856, 
 when the Superior Court of Montgomery County was 
 created, and he was elected to the bench. He was re- 
 elected to the same position in i860, and again in 1865, 
 and resigned February 14th, 1870, after having held the 
 position fourteen years, and associated himself with the 
 late Hon. Clement L. Vallandigham in the practice of 
 law. This was terminated by the death of Mr. Vallan- 
 digham, in Tune. 1871, and a few months after he again 
 formed a partnership with Mr. Howard and his son, under 
 the style of Haynes, Howard & Howard, which still con- 
 tinues. Judge Haynes has never been a politician, but his 
 political allegiance has been with the Whig and Republican 
 parties. He was at one time a director of the Dayton & 
 Western Railway, and was also once President of the 
 Dayton Bank. In October, 1875, he was again elected 
 Judge of the Superior Court, and will take his seat July 
 1st, 1876. He is also President of the Dayton Insurance 
 Company. On June 13th, 1S48, he married Emily, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL E^XVCLOP.•EDIA. 
 
 >57 
 
 daughter of General Sampson Mason, of Springfield, Ohio. 
 She died September 2d, 1S48, and he has since remained 
 a widower. 
 
 Cr'tP) 
 
 V^|pRE\ ITT, JOHN, Surgeon in the United States 
 P) ill Army and Navy, the third son of Henry Trevitt, 
 
 ^ Vl I ^''6>ch of whose life, etc., appears elsewhere, 
 was born at the family residence at Mont Vernon, 
 New Hampshire, P'ebruary 26th, 1790. After 
 having acquired a good common school and 
 academic education in his native and neighboring villages 
 in his own county, he prosecuted and completed his profes- 
 sional education under the careful instruction of Ur. Peter- 
 son, who in those early times ranked high as an eminent 
 surgeon and physician in the town of Boscawen, Merrimac 
 county. New Hampshire. The second war with Great 
 Britain broke out about the time of the completion of his 
 professional studies. Devotedly zealous in his support of 
 the cause of his country, he at once tendered to her his ser- 
 vices. He was without delay appointed a surgeon, received 
 his commission, and was assigned to duty on board one of 
 those ships that had been extemporized from the merchant 
 service, commissioned and adopted into the service of the 
 United Slates as a ship of war. In her first cruise she un- 
 fortunately encountered a British man-of-war of many times 
 her strength and capacity. After a gallant defence and 
 heavy losses on both sides, she was captured, and with all 
 on board sent to Halifax, where, after the usual delays, her 
 officers and men were exchanged or sent home on parole. 
 Surgeon Trevitt was soon transferred to the army, where 
 his services were greatly needed. He was a', the battle of 
 Plattsburg and in other important engagements, where his 
 services as an expert surgeon were highly appreciated. 
 After the establishment of peace, he was retained in the 
 peace establishment and accompanied the army in many of 
 its frontier expeditions and Indian wars. Indeed, from the 
 close of the war with England to the time of his death, he 
 was constantly in active and laborious service. He accom- 
 panied General Andrew Jackson in his famous Cherokee 
 and other campaigns, and was a favorite of that distinguished 
 general, to whom he was devotedly attached. He was one 
 of the surgeons selected to be present in attendance upon 
 the fatal duel fought at Bladensburg between Commodores 
 Decatur and Barron, on the 22d of March, 1820, and upon 
 him devolved the sad duty of assisting in bearing the former 
 from the fatal field, and attending him professionally up to 
 the moment of his death. Faithful in the discharge of every 
 duty to his country, his noble profession, and to his fellows, 
 alike upon the ocean, upon the battle-field, in the regular 
 service against the best drilled army in the world, and in 
 the tangled fastnesses, adroitly selected by the savage 
 warrior for purposes of ambusc.'ide, upon the pestilential 
 frontier, his brief but eventful career was suddenly brought 
 to an end, falling a victim while in the faithful discharge 
 
 of his professional as well as official duty in combating one 
 of those malignant epidemic southern fevers, at the military 
 post at Augusta, Georgia, where he had been assigned to 
 duty. His death occurred on the iSth of August, lS2i,and 
 his remains were interred at the post where he fell, a victim 
 to that remorseless foe, that strikes first, the best, the bright- 
 est and the most attractive mark. 
 
 jT^.I^^/ONES, SIDNEY B., General Southwestern Passen- 
 S J ger Agent of the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis 
 ^11 Railway Company, was born in Chester county, 
 ^■( 1 ^ Pennsylvania, May 26th, 1837. On the death of 
 ^'(3 mother moved to Philadelphia, 
 
 Pennsylvania, while he was in his infancy. In 
 that city he received his elementary education. While in 
 his thirteenth year, he removed with his mother to Brook- 
 lyn, where he remained until 1852, when he went to New 
 Orleans, and was there engaged in clerking until 1856. 
 Later he moved to Louisville, Kentucky, where he was 
 appointed Freight Agent of the Star Express Company. In 
 i860 he removed to Ludlow, in the same State, and here 
 engaged in business on his own account, as a bookseller, in, 
 partnership with the general agent of Johnson, Fry & Co., 
 of New York. In 1861 he raised the nucleus of a company 
 of volunteers, in Covington, Kentucky, and also in Ludlow, 
 and accompanied it to “ Camp Dick Robinson,” where he 
 was assigned to duty as drill master. At the consolidation 
 of the companies, he was commissioned First Lieutenant of 
 Company I, of the 4th Kentucky Volunteers, which took 
 the field in Kentucky. At Crab Orchard he was detailed 
 as a special messenger to carry important despatches from 
 General Thomas to General Sherman, and on his return 
 was assigned to duty as Assistant Division Quartermaster, 
 on the staff of General Thomas, in which capacity he served 
 until 1873. participated in the meanwhile as volunteer 
 
 aide in the engagement at Mill Spring, and in several other 
 actions. He continued on the staff of General Thomas 
 until after the battle at Pittsburgh Landing, then returned to 
 Newport, Kentucky, a step prompted by his failing health. 
 Upon resigning his military commission, he was appointed 
 Deputy Sheriff of Campbell County, Kentucky. At a sub- 
 sequent period be was elected Lieutenant-Colonel of the 
 42d Regiment of Kentucky Volunteers, and later was pro- 
 moted to the Colonelcy by Governor Thomas E. Bramblette, 
 and placed in command of the Twenty-third Military District 
 of Kentucky. In the latter part of 1864 he resigned his 
 commission, and removed to Louisville, Kentucky, to accept 
 the position of General Agent of the Little Miami Railroad. 
 In this capacity he was employed until 1868, at which date 
 he was appointed General Passenger Agent of the Louisville 
 & Cincinnati Shore Line. The duties of that office he per- 
 formed until 1871, when he accepted the position of General 
 Passenger .A.gent for the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. In 
 
158 
 
 BIOC'.RAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 the latter part of 1874 he accepted the appointment to his 
 present position, General Southwestern Passenger Agent for 
 the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway Company, 
 with head-quarters at Cincinnati, Ohio. He was married 
 in 1856, to N. J. Bennett, daughter of a prominent merchant 
 of New Orleans, Louisiana. 
 
 ^^^TREVITT, william. Physician and Surgeon, 
 e) ill ex-Secretary of Stale for Ohio, etc., was born at 
 
 '■ iV|| Mount Vernon, Hillsborough county. New Hamp- 
 
 » shire, February 7lh, 1809. (For details of the 
 family see sketch of Henry Trevitt.) He was the 
 youngest of seven sons and two daughters. He 
 received his earlier and preparatory education at Amherst 
 and Francestown, and completed his literary and profes- 
 sional courses at Hanover, New Hampshire. He pursued 
 his professional studies in his native town under the instruc- 
 tion of Daniel Adams, M. D., an eminent physician of 
 Mount Vernon, New Hampshire, and at the New Hamp- 
 shire Medical Institution, at Dartmouth College, where he 
 graduated in 1830, and subsetpiently he attended the classes 
 of the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania. 
 In the year 1830 he commenced the practice of his profes- 
 sion in Baltimore, Fairfield county, Ohio, whence, after the 
 lapse of two years, he removed to Thornville, Perry county, 
 Ohio, where he was engaged in the practice of medicine 
 until 1840. During his residence at Thornville he repre- 
 sented his county in the State Legislature for three succes- 
 sive terms, and throughout that time was the youngest 
 member of this body, having been but twenty-five years of 
 age when first returned. In the spring of 1840, having 
 been appointed Secretary of State for Ohio, he found it 
 necessary, for the proper performance of the duties attached 
 to his important office, to remove to Columbus, where, after 
 the expiration of his term of service, he proposed to reside 
 permanently and devote himself exclusively to the practice 
 of his profession. From this date down to 1846 he held 
 the appointment of Physician to the Penitentiary of Ohio. 
 Subsequently, on the outlireak of the Mexican war, he was 
 appointed by President Polk, Surgeon of the army, which 
 post he occupied until the close of the conflict. During its 
 progress he served in the field in charge of General Moyan’s 
 regiment, and later was assigned by General Taylor to the 
 post of Surgeon at his head-quarters, thus becoming a 
 member of the staffs, primarily of General Taylor, anil after- 
 ward of General Wool. In 1849, peace being established, 
 he returned to the civil practice of medicine in Columbus. 
 In 1851, on the adoption of the new Constitution by his 
 State, by which the Secretaryship of State became elective, 
 he was the first to receive the election to that office, and in 
 1853 was honored by a re-election. In 1857 he was 
 appointed by President Buchanan, Consul to Valparaiso, the 
 chief mercantile port of Chili. A revolution breaking out 
 
 in this place, during the progress of which he felt compelled 
 through consideration for his country’s honor to pursue a 
 course of policy which destroyed the friendly relations pre- 
 viously existing between him and the Chilian authorities, he 
 sought from his own government a removal. As an unmis- 
 takable mark of approval of his line of conduct under the 
 circumstances, he was subsequently advanced to the consul- 
 ship of Callao, Peru. While sojourning there, Mr. Clay, 
 United States Minister, on account of various difficulties 
 with the Peruvian government, retired from his post, thus 
 leaving him, in 1S61, in sole charge of affairs. Shortly 
 after this, the United .States government, at his own request, 
 relieved him of his arduous duties, and he returned to 
 Columbus, where he has since lived in comparative seclu- 
 sion, following his profession only among a limited circle 
 of friends, occasionally as consulting physician, in the 
 culture of favorite literary pursuits, and in the management 
 of his private business affairs. After the decease of ex-Gov- 
 ernor Medary, from 1865 to 1S71 he became the sole pro- 
 prietor, and assumed the exclusive management of the 
 Crisis, a journal which at that time had a larger circulation 
 than that of any other pajier at the capital of Ohio. In 
 1S67, while conducting the Crisis, he established the 
 Siiitiiuy Morning News, and continued in its management 
 till ils success had become assured. Its publication is still 
 continued as one of the permanent enterprises of the city 
 and .State. He was married in the fall of 1839 to Lucinda 
 Butler, of Columbus, Ohio. He has buried two daughters 
 and his eldest son, John Noble Trevitt. His present family 
 consists of his wife and three sons. 
 
 
 LANDY, HENRY, senior member of the firm of 
 H. & F. Blandy, Proprietors of the Portable and 
 Stationary Engine and Saw Mill Works, at Zanes- 
 ville, and Newark, Ohio, was born in the city of 
 Bristol, England, October 26th, 1810. His 
 
 paternal ancestors were people of distinction in 
 their native country, and could point with natural pride to 
 an honorable coat of arms. On the death of his grandfather 
 the estate became involved in litigation, and eaused the 
 financial ruin of the family. His father reared and liberally 
 educated his eleven children, and throughout his life was a 
 tender guide and protector to them. He accumulated and 
 brought to this country considerable means, and upon arriv- 
 ing here in the spring of 1832, was in easy and comfortable 
 circumstances. In the ensuing fall his family rejoined him 
 in the city of New York, and all rested during the winter at 
 the Orange Spring mansion in New Jersey. Leaving his 
 parents he returned to England, and spent the winter in 
 travelling, as a commercial man in the cut glass business. 
 In the -spring of 1833 he rejoined his father, and they settled 
 finally in Zanesville, Ohio, where he has since resided. He 
 was educated at Ashton Gate Academy, a private boarding- 
 
Gaiaxy Fub CoFlalad'^ 
 
s 
 
 •i 
 
 0 
 
 
 I 
 
 . i 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 school of Bedminster, Bidstol, England, whose average 
 attendance was from eighty to one hundred scholars. In 
 that school he won distinction as a leader, and became pro- 
 ficient in Latin, Greek and mathematics. To his instructor 
 in the last-named branch of study, John Lewton, now of 
 Paulton, near Bristol, England, he became devotedly at- 
 tached. This tutor, a scholar of varied abilities, though a 
 coal-heaver’s son, was noted for his intellectual attainments 
 as a linguist, historian, and theologist, and also for his many 
 admirable personal characteristics. When quite a young 
 man, so great was his affection for his preceptor, he was in 
 the hal)it of walking fifteen miles, on Saturday evenings, in 
 order to spend with him the Sabbath hours. After his set- 
 tlement in this country, the two friends corresponded with 
 each other for thirty-three years. In 1866, when prosperity 
 had smiled upon his persevering labors, he again crossed 
 the Atlantic, influenced almost solely by his ardent desire to 
 renew the tender personal associations which in bygone 
 years had been of such inestimable value to him. “ To 
 grasp the hand, ... to converse with one of the purest and 
 best men that ever lived ; to whom he has ever felt so 
 greatly indebted for the implanting and nourishing in his 
 young mind those great principles which have been the 
 guide of his life, his stay and support through its trying 
 vicissitudes. He still lives at the age of seventy-six years.” 
 In the spring of 1834 he married Mary Amanda, the second 
 daughter of Judge Blocksom, of Zanesville, by whom he 
 had seven children, Jennie B., Anna B., Benjamin A., and 
 Harry B. ; three died in childhood. At that time he formed 
 a partnership with Judge Blocksom in connection with J. T. 
 Fracker and Lloyd Dillon, for the prosecution of the furnace 
 and forge and mercantile businesses, the firm-style being 
 Dillon, Blandy & Co. Aided by his brother and present 
 partner, Fred. J. L. Blandy, he undertook the management 
 of the mercantile department, and made a success of it. 
 But Judge Blocksom becoming Postmaster of Zanesville, 
 and John T. Fracker heing continuously engaged in the 
 foundry business of Blocksom & Fracker, the furnace and 
 forge department encountered disastrous failure and fruit- 
 lessly absorbed a large amount of capital. The partnership 
 was then dissolved, and he found himself not only penniless 
 but hampered with debts. He subsequently entered again 
 into the mercantile business, possessing no capital of his 
 own, and during the three ensuing years prosecuted it very 
 successfully. At the expiration of that time he engaged in 
 the foundry business in conjunction with Judge Blocksom 
 and his two sons, George W’. Blocksom and A. P. Blocksom, 
 the firm-style adopted being Blocksom & Sons. Subse- 
 quent financial embarrassments eventually caused the disso- 
 lution also of this partnership, and he was left with a debt 
 hanging upon his shoulders of over five thousand dollars. 
 In the spring of 1840 he connected himself with his brother 
 in the foundry business once more, and at a later day added 
 to it the machine business in many varieties. That venture, 
 including the manufacture of locomotives, portable and sta- 
 
 IS 9 
 
 tionary steam engines, portable saw-mills, etc., w'as inaug- 
 urated with a borrowed capital of but five thousand dollars. 
 Finally, through persevering industry, inflexible integrity, 
 and careful management, the enterprising partners grasped 
 a glorious success. Now, the products of their shops — two 
 of which take rank as the largest and most perfectly 
 equipped establishments of the kind in the country — are 
 scattered throughout the American continent, and are to be 
 seen also in many parts of Europe. “At this time their 
 business partakes of the common malady; they have done 
 but little, comparatively, since the panic of 1S73, and until 
 the financial policy of our government is changed, they do 
 not expect their business, or the business of the Slates in 
 general, to be very prosperous.” . . . He entered on his 
 political career with the memorable Whig camjiaign of 
 1840, and steadfastly supported his party until its disintegra- 
 tion. He then united with the Republican parly, and from 
 the day of its organization labored earnestly to promote its 
 welfare, and spent his means freely to secure the victorious 
 establishment of its principles, and the accomplishment of 
 its noble purposes. “ But now, at last convinced that the 
 political principles and policies of the Republican party are 
 based on error — ruinous to the interests of the mass of the 
 people — I have placed myself utterly against it on all vital 
 issues.” He is now a member of the Greenback party, and 
 stands on the same ground with Peter Cooper, Hon. W'. D. 
 Kelley, Hon. A. Campbell, and other experienced financiers 
 and statesmen. His religious faith is based on the Uni- 
 tarian-Universalist doctrines, as set forth in 1872 or 1873 by 
 Dr. Bellows, of New York, in the Liberal Christian. He 
 was reared in the bosom of the Church of England, and at 
 the age of fifteen years was swayed by deep religious feel- 
 ing, painful and distressing in the extreme. The thought 
 that “endless woe” should exist for so great a part of 
 humanity filled him with fear and horror. “ Time and 
 active physical labor brought some relief, but being endowed 
 with an ever-present consciousness of responsibility, this 
 dreadful doctrine hung like a dark pall over my life.” 
 Later, unable to subscribe conscientiously to the doctrine 
 of the Trinity, he left the Church of England. The belief 
 of “ endless misery” did not leave him, however, until the 
 winter of 1S42, when he heard a discussion between Rev. 
 G. T. Flanders, a Universalist minister, and Rev. Mr. 
 Kellog, a Methodist minister, by which he was led to a very 
 careful, earnest and exhaustive examination of the subject. 
 Finally, he became satisfied of the truth of the doctrine that 
 ultima'ely, by the infinite wisdom and beneficence of God, 
 good will trium]5h over evil, and that all will be purified, 
 and in the end brought into the kingdom of heaven. He 
 was married in June, i860, at the residence of Andrew L. 
 Grimes, of Mansfield, Ohio, to Amelia Adeline Douglas, of 
 Lowell, Massachusetts. By her he had three children, Amy 
 Louise, Nellie Frances, and Douglas Chajmian. Her 
 decease occurred, December ist, 1867, at St. Paul, Minne- 
 sota, where she was sojourning for the purpose of strength- 
 
i6o 
 
 BIOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOr.EDI A. 
 
 eiiing her enfeebled health. In the following year he was 
 again married to his deceased wife’s sister, Nellie B. Douglas, 
 by whom he has had one child, Roswell Douglas. 
 
 « .AKEMAN, JOSEPH F., now Merchant, was born 
 , in Ipswich, Massachusetts, September 19th, 1812, 
 and was the second son of Captain Daniel Lake- 
 man and Susannah Lakeman. His father was a 
 prominent sea captain. From his thirteenth to 
 his fifteenth year he was placed out to live, and 
 subsequently was apprenticed to learn the trade of wagon- 
 making at Hamilton, M.rssachusetts. He finished his term 
 of apprenticeship in Salem, in the s.ame State, in his twenty- 
 first year, and afterward worked as a journeyman in Boston 
 and Lynn, Massachusetts. H.aving imbibed in early life a 
 strong desire to make the West his home, he started in May, 
 1837, from Boston with Cincinnati as an objective point, 
 then possessing neither friend nor relative west of his native 
 State. He arrived at Cincinnati, June nth, 1837, with a 
 chest of tools, various articles of clothing, and a three- 
 dollar broken bank bill of Michigan. Upon coming to 
 Cumminsville he formed the acquaintance of E. Knowlton, 
 who assisted him greatly in his business relations, and was 
 instrumental in aiding him to erect a wagon shop, the only 
 one then in existence at this place, on what is now the north- 
 east corner of Spring Grove avenue and Ludlow street. At 
 the opening in 1851 of the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton 
 Railroad he was appointed Agent of Cumminsville station, 
 and about the same time officiated as Postmaster, which 
 positions he held for thirteen years, when he resigned both. 
 During that time he held the office also of Trustee of Cum- 
 minsville Special Road District for a period of two years, 
 and later was for six years Clerk in the same body. He 
 was also elected Trustee of Mill Creek township, serving 
 two years ; and later was elected Clerk of the same town- 
 ship, and served in this capacity for ten years. The Latter 
 office made him also Clerk of the Mill Creek Township 
 School Board, and for two years he was Supervisor of its 
 schools. In those days great energy and activity were 
 needed to insure the successful establishment there of 
 schools, and he was a prime mover in having established in 
 1852 a special school district, serving successively as Di- 
 rector, President, Clerk and Treasurer, with but two inter- 
 vals of one year each, for a period of eighteen years. In 
 1863 he was elected a Director of the Hamilton County In- 
 firmary, and served six years; he was also Clerk of the Board. 
 In 1872 he w.as again elected to the same office, and served 
 for a further period of three years. In 1869 he was elected 
 Mayor of the incorporated village of Cumminsville, a position 
 which he occupied during the ensuing three years. At the 
 present time he is engaged in the paint and wall-paper 
 business in Cumminsville, where his integrity of character 
 and generous interest in the local religious and educational 
 
 interests have won for him the esteem of the general com- 
 munity. He was married, March loth, 1841, to Sarah 
 Langlands, of Cumminsville, who died without issue, Feb- 
 ruary 4th, 1843; agttin, October 15th, 1846, to Mary 
 Goodnow, also of Cumminsville, by whom he has had ten 
 children, six of whom are now living, three sons and three 
 daughters. 
 
 > AMES, ELIAS WILLIAM, Attorney-at-Law, was 
 born in East Union, Coshocton county, Ohio, 
 February nth, 1837. His parents, who are still 
 living, are natives also of Ohio. His father has 
 followed through life .agricultural pursuits. His 
 preliminary education was obtained in a common 
 school located in the vicinity of his home. He then pur- 
 sued a higher course of study in the following educational 
 institutions; the academy, at West Bedford, one year; the 
 college, at Oberlin, Ohio, one year; after which he attended 
 the Spring Mountain Academy (for a time) ; and then went 
 to Allegheny College, at Meadville, Pennsylvania, which 
 institution he left in 1859. Until he had attained his seven- 
 teenth year he was engaged in farm labor. At the termina- 
 tion of his sojourn in the last-named place he returned to 
 his home, and found employment in teaching in the High 
 School, West Carlisle, Coshocton county, for a term of nine 
 months, after which he applied himself to the study of law 
 under the guidance of Nicholas & Williams, well-known 
 practitioners of his native county. In August, 1861, he en- 
 tered the Union service as a private in Company K of the 
 32d Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, for the term of 
 three years. He was then appointed Orderly Sergeant; in 
 January, 1862, was appointed by the Governor to a Second 
 Lieutenancy, and in the course of the s.rme year was pro- 
 moted to the rank of C.aptain. During the fall and winter 
 of 1863 he acted as Judge Advocate of the 3d Division, 
 17th Army Corps, at Vicksburg, and held this office until 
 his regiment returned to the North and was reorganized, 
 acting with General Leggett’s division. He served three 
 months longer than the term of his enlistment, and- then re- 
 signed only on account of the sickness of two sisters, who 
 died shortly after he reached home in the fall of 1864. He 
 participated in the following battles and engagements : those 
 of western Virginia, under Fremont, including Cross Keys ; 
 of the Vicksburg campaign, when he was engaged for a 
 time on staff duty; and of Sherman’s campaign, in the ad- 
 vance on Atlanta and at the actions before that place. After 
 the capture of Atlanta he resigned his position in the army 
 and returned to Coshocton, Ohio, where he resumed the 
 study of law under his former preceptors. He was admitted 
 to the bar in Carrollton, Ohio, in 1867, after having taken a 
 law course at the Michigan University, 'graduating in the 
 class of 1867. He first located in his profession at Kansas 
 City, Missouri, where he resided about four months, at the 
 expiration of which time he returned to Coshocton, and in 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENX’VCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 i6i 
 
 connection with John D. Nicholas entered upon the active 
 practice of his profession. His present honorable position 
 as a leadiii!^ legal practitioner is the legitimate result of his 
 untiring diligence and perseverance, since, defraying in a 
 great measure the expenses attending his early training by his 
 own exert.ons, he was compelled to rely upon himself alone 
 for success in life. He was married. May 26lh, 1870, to 
 Cornelia A. Denver, of Wilmington, Ohio, by whom he has 
 had one child. 
 
 ^ V T) 
 
 v.'lf^UNT, REV. WILLIAM ELLIS, M. A., was born 
 in Pedricktown, Salem county. New Jersey, P'eb- 
 ruary 24th, 1833. His parents were Dr. William 
 F. Hunt and Sarah (Ellis) Hunt. He is of 
 Scotch-Irish extraction, and is akin to Rev. C. 
 C. Beatty, D D., of .Steubenville, Ohio, and Hon. 
 Thomas Ewing, late of Lanca.ster, Ohio. He was educated 
 in Pedricktown, New Jersey, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 
 in Steubenville, Ohio, in Cannonsburg, Pennsylvania, and 
 in .\llegheny City of the same State. He took the degrees 
 of B. A. and M. A. at the Jefferson College, Cannonsburg, 
 Pennsyh’ania, in 1853 and 1856. In the Latter year he 
 graduated also at the Western Theological Seminary, Al- 
 legheny City, Pennsylvania. In 1848 he had united with the 
 Second Presbyterian Church of Steubenville. He was soon 
 thereafter engaged for a year in clerking in a store, and al.so 
 for a brief period in 1851 acted in the capacity of clerk on 
 a Ohio river steamboat. In 1855 he was licensed by the 
 Presbytery of Steubenville, and in 1857 ordained by the 
 Presbytery of Coshocton (now Zanesville), Ohio. Since 
 that date he has continued uninterruptedly in charge of the 
 church at that place. He superintended the erection of a 
 very handsome village church and parsonage here, and in 
 various ways has been importantly instrumental in advanc- 
 ing the interests of his church in the region where he lives 
 and labors. In addition to other work, he h.as served with 
 ability and zeal as City Councilman, and County School 
 Examiner. He has been a Director of a banking associa- 
 tion, and also a Director of the Coshocton G.as Company, 
 having been chiefly instrumental in the establishment of that 
 enterprise, and of a number of others admirably calculated 
 to promote the general prosperity and welfare. He was a 
 member of the Presbyterian General Assembly in 1861 ; and 
 was a member also of the Presbyterian Union Convention 
 of 1867, both of which were held in Philarlel]3hia, Pennsyl- 
 vania; was elected a member of the Assembly of 1874, but 
 <lid not go. In the Synod of Columbus of 1875 1 '*^ served 
 as Moderator, and for many years has been a Director of 
 theWe.stern Theological Seminary, at Allegheny City, Penn- 
 sylvania. During his career he has contributed extensively 
 to various newspapers, and has also published several articles 
 in American magazines of good standing. He has labored 
 faithfully and with fair success as a spiritual guide and 
 teacher, and also, apart from his strictly clerical duties, has 
 21 
 
 worked efficiently to increase the store of general welfare 
 and happiness. He was married in 1855 to Caroline A. 
 Totten, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and has now a family 
 consisting of six children. 
 
 ELL, JOHN EDWIN, Operator in Real-Estate, 
 was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, August 
 26lh, 1831. His parents, Walter and Jane Bell, 
 moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, arriving in that city 
 P'ebruary nth, 1832. His father’s decease oc- 
 curred, March lyih, 1838, at New Orleans, 
 Louisiana, he then being engaged trading between Cincin- 
 nati and New Orleans. His mother died in Cincinnati, July 
 23d, 1875. He received his early education in the public 
 schools of Cincinnati, and, at the completion of an allotted 
 course of .study, was placed to learn the trade of pattern- 
 making, which calling he followed until 1853. In this year 
 he secured employment in the office of the Auditor of Ham- 
 ilton county, Ohio, and in the capacity of Clerk and Deputy 
 remained there until March bth, 1863. He then assumed 
 the duties as Auditor of the county, having been elected to 
 that position at the preceding October election. At the ex- 
 piration of his term he gradually withdrew from the scenes 
 of the political arena and its affairs, and engaged in the busi- 
 ness of operations in real estate. During his career as an 
 official and public man he has been the recipient of many 
 important trusts both of a public and private nature, in the 
 conduct and management of which he has evinced invariably 
 the possession of entire capacity and sound integrity. He 
 is a P'reemason of high standing, having attained all the de- 
 grees of the several grades, also that of Honorary Inspector- 
 General of the thirty-third degree A. A. Scottish rite. In 
 the Independent Order of Odd Fellows he has exhibited a 
 notable zeal and activity. He has fdled with credit the 
 several positions of trust in the State, including that of Grand 
 Master, and at this time is the Hon. Representative to the 
 Grand I-odge of the United States. He is a valuable man 
 among the number of leading citizens of Cincinnati, and has 
 been importantly instrumental, either as prime mover or as 
 auxiliary, in pushing to completion enterprises calculated to 
 benefit the community in general. 
 
 EART, JOSEPH E., Operator in Real-Estate, 
 member of the firm of Olden & Heart, was born 
 near Chambersburg, Franklin county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, November 22(1, 1823. He was the third 
 child in a family of nine children, whose parents 
 were I lenry Waggoner Heart and Rachel (Ed- 
 wards) Heart. His father, a native of Chambersburg, Penn- 
 sylvania, followed through life the trade of blacksmithing, 
 and came to Carthage, near Cincinnati, in Ihe fall of 1848, 
 where he still lives at the age of eighty years. His mother. 
 
i 62 
 
 BIOGRAPillCAL ENX'VCLOI’.EDIA. 
 
 a native of Virginia, near Wheeling, moved with her hus- 
 band to Ohio in 184S, and died at Carthage in 1869. The 
 former was born March 6th, 1797, the latter, June 9th, I 797 > 
 the fathers of both having died before their births. His 
 early education was limited to a seven-months’ term at the 
 log school-houses of frontier settlements. W'hile in his 
 eighteenth year he began the learning of the blacksmith 
 trade at Mercersburg, Franklin county, Pennsylvania, where 
 he remained for about six years. He subsequently moved 
 with his wife and parents to Carthage, Hamilton county, 
 Ohio, where he was engaged at his trade until 1863. Dur- 
 ing his residence there he was intimately identified, in various 
 positions, with the welfare of the Carthage schools, and for 
 three years acted as a member of the Township Board of 
 Education. In 1863 he entered the Provost Marshal’s office 
 of the P'irst Congressional Ohio District, and remained there, 
 in the enrolling department, for a period of about sixteen 
 months. In 1865 he was appointed Deputy Sheriff under 
 Richard Calvin, and held that position for two years. I'rom 
 1861 to 1865 he was elected four times successively to the 
 office of Trustee of Mill Creek township. From 1866 to 
 1869 he acted as one of the Directors of the County Infirm- 
 ary; and from 1867 to 1869 officiated as Chief Deputy 
 Sheriff under Henry Schlotiman. From 1869 to 1871 he 
 vvas Chief Deputy under Colonel Daniel Weber. In 1871 
 he was elected Sheriff of Hamilton county, Ohio, and served 
 in this capacity for two years. In 1875 engaged in the 
 real estate business. Politically he has been attached to the 
 \Vhig and Republican parties, and voted first for General 
 Winfield Scott. He was married, November 2d, 1847, 
 Catherine Krebs, of Washington county, Maryland, who 
 died May 20th, 1851, at Carthage, leaving issue of two 
 children. He was again married, July 26th, 1855, to Sarah 
 Ann ITiyden, a native of Hamilton county, Ohio. 
 
 .Vh'T, JON.\THAN, D. D. S., Dental Surgeon, was 
 oil ' born, September 1 7th, 1820, in Russelville, Brown 
 ‘’)W| county, Ohio. After a residence of two years in 
 '''‘S place the family moved to the mountainous 
 regions of Adams county, Ohio, where they re- 
 mained ten years. His father, Lyman Taft, was 
 a native of Massachusetts, who emigrated to Ohio in 1818, 
 and his mother was a native of Ohio. Both were of New 
 England stock, and of Puritan ancestry. Lip to the age of 
 fourteen he enjoyed but meagre advantages for education, 
 and at that time entered an academy where he studied two 
 years, gaining some knowledge of Greek and Latin and of 
 mathematics. The succeeding two years were devoted to 
 farm labor, and at eighteen he engaged as teacher in a com- 
 mon school, continuing in this capacity about four years. 
 He commenced in this period the study of natural sciences, 
 and pursued his researches with industry and spirit. In the 
 spring of 1841 he studied dentistry under Dr. George D. 
 
 Teetor, in Ripley, Ohio, and after a pupilage of eighteen 
 months, during which he made some progress in all its 
 branches, he commenced its practice, and has continued in 
 it up to the present time. In the pursuit of this favorite 
 profession he remained in Ripley one year, and then re- 
 moved to Xenia, Ohio, residing at this place until 1858. 
 During this period he did something to increase the re- 
 sources and facilities of the profession, then but imperfectly 
 developed, and in 1848 entered the Ohio College of Dental 
 Surgery, and, after completing two courses, graduated in 
 1850 from that institution. In 1854 he was appointed as 
 Professor of “ Operative Dentistry” in this college, and has 
 now completed his twenty-first year in this chair, and has 
 taught longer without interruption in this capacity than per- 
 haps any one else now living. For the greater part of this 
 period he has been Dean of the Faculty of this institution, 
 and has been a member of the Ohio Dental College Asso- 
 ciation since its organization in February, 1852, having been 
 for twenty years its Secretary. In October, 1856, in co- 
 partnership with Dr. George Watt, he became part proprietor 
 of the Dental Register of the IVest, and one of its editors 
 and publishers, and in a few years became its sole pro- 
 prietor, remaining in this position ever since, with the ex- 
 ception of a short period. ICir the past eight years he has 
 held its entire editorial management and control, and has 
 devoted more than twenty years of unceasing effort to the 
 interests of this publication, which has been the recognized 
 organ of the profession in Ohio, and to some extent through 
 the West. This publication was issued quarterly until 
 July, i860, when it became a monthly. It has been issued 
 for twenty years without the failure of a single number. In 
 1866 the title was changed to the Dental Register. In 1857 
 Dr. Taft removed to Cincinnati, his connection with the 
 college and this journal having much to do with this change, 
 though for two years prior to this removal he had practised 
 his profession in Cincinnati, having a business connection 
 with Drs. George Watt and J. Hamill in both that city and 
 Xenia. Previous to his editorial work on the Register he 
 had written a number of articles in the interests of his pro- 
 fession, but the bulk of this labor was greatly inferior to 
 what he has subsequently accomplished. He kept an ac- 
 curate record of experiments and modes of practice, which be- 
 came of invaluable service to him in his subsequent literary 
 work. During the winter of 1858-59 he wrote a treatise 
 on “Operative Dentistry,” which was received so well that 
 it was adopted as a text-book in the colleges, and has been 
 relied on as an authority wherever the science is known. 
 It has been translated into German and other languages. 
 The second edition, revised and greatly enlarged, was issued 
 in 1868, and obtained a very large sale. During the last 
 twenty years Dr. Taft has devoted his attention and most 
 earnest efforts towards the organization and support of dental 
 associations, regarding them as of incalculable benefit for 
 the development and progress of the profession. He was 
 a member of the American Society of Dental Surgeons in 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL E N' C V C 1 . 0 P . -E D I A . 
 
 
 1S52; became a member oT the American Dental Con- j City Engineer, holding the office for several years. He re- 
 vention at its second meeting in 1856; was chosen its Presi- ; mained there until the outbreak of the war, when he raised 
 
 dent in 1863, and continued in his attendance at these annual 
 gatherings for many years. He was one of the twenty-four 
 gentlemen who organized the American Dental Association 
 
 Comiiany D of the 26th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, of 
 which he became Captain. He was sent with his command 
 to Virginia, where he was attached to the i ilh Army Corps. 
 
 in 1859, and was its Secretary from the date of its inception ' In the autumn of 1862 he was detailed upon the staff of 
 
 General Carl Schurz as Chief of Topographical Engineers. 
 He participated in the battles of Eredericksburg, Chancel- 
 lorsville, Gettysburg, Wauhatchie, Missionary Ridge, and 
 in many other important engagements and skirmishes. In 
 the fall of 1864 he resigned on account of ill health and 
 settled in Cincinnati, where his family had been for some 
 time living. He became the local editor of the Cinciuua/i 
 Volkshlatt in 1S65, and distinguished himself as a skilful 
 and enterprising new's collector and as a graceful writer. 
 He remained in this capacity until elected City Treasurer 
 of Cincinnati, in April, 1S75, Democratic ticket. 
 
 Mr. Ligowsky is a gentleman of scholarly attainments, and 
 of great natural ability for the discharge of official duties. 
 His c.ireer as a civil engineer and journalist was distin- 
 guished by a thorough comprehension of the character of 
 the work committed to him, and by thorough competency 
 to perform it. His record as a soldier is a meritorious one, 
 and he was, while in the army, held in the highest estima- 
 tion by his brother officers. Since entering upon the City 
 Treasurership he has given ample evidence of his ability to 
 discharge its duties, and of his intention to allow no blemish 
 to occur on the integrity of his official c.areer. 
 
 until 186S, when he was chosen as its presiding officer. He 
 has been a member of the Mississippi \ alley Dental Society 
 for tw'enty-seven years, and ha.s not been absent from its an- 
 nual meetings, with perhaps one exception, during that time. 
 His labors have been conspicuous in over fifty different pro- 
 fessional associations, and has during the past twelve years 
 been in attendance at from fifteen to thirty societies an- 
 nually. In 1S67-68 he was engaged with some of his pro- 
 fessional brethren in obtaining the passage of a law to regu- 
 late the practice of dentistry in the State of Ohio, which was 
 enacted May 8th, 1868, and it has proven, as was anticipated, 
 of the highest benefit to the public and the profession. This 
 act created a Board of Examiners, to a membership in which 
 he was at once appointed, and this post he has filled with 
 honor ever since, occupying during the entire period of the 
 existence of the Board the chair of presiding officer. In 
 July, 1875, he was appointed Professor of the “ Principles 
 and Practice of Operative Dentistry” in the Dental College 
 of the University of Michigan, where he devotes part of the 
 time in professional teaching. He has been a patient in- 
 vestigator into the science of dentistiy, and has accomplished 
 the most beneficial results in his study of the best methods 
 of treatment. He has been an earnest advocate of the right 
 of w’omen to study and pursue this profession, and has w'on 
 the esteem of his fellow'-citizens for his candor, his industry, 
 his public spirit and profound learning. For seventeen years 
 he has been connected with the Cincinnati Bethel, and for 
 ten years has been connected with its Board of Directors. 
 He hxs aKvays been as conscientious a churchman as an 
 investigator in the domain of science. In 1842 he married 
 Hannah Collins, of Ripley, Ohio, and has three cl.ildren 
 living, one of whom is Dr. William Taft, dentist. 
 
 i IGO\\SK\ , AUGUST, Civil Engineer, Journalist, 
 'I'reasurer of Cincinnati, Chio, was born in West- 
 phalia, Germany, November 22d, 1826, and was 
 educated in the German High Schools. Upon 
 the close of his school career he studied civil en- 
 gineering. In 1846 he entered the army, serving 
 one year, the required term for students, and then assumed 
 his professional duties and received his diploma. In 1848 
 he entered the German navy and served for some years. In 
 
 HORNHILL, FRENCH W., Judge of the Probate 
 Court, in Coshocton, Ohio, is a Virginian by birth, 
 having been born in Culpepper county, in that 
 Slate, on the 21st of September, 1804. He is of 
 Irish-English descent, although his parents were 
 both native Viiginians. His general education 
 was received at Harrisonburg, Virginia. He attended school 
 there until he was sixteen years of age ; then he left school 
 and began the reading of law with Colonel Hall. After 
 pursuing this course of reading for a time he abandoned the 
 law temporarily and commenced the study of medicine. 
 This profession seems not to have found favor with him, for 
 when he was seventeen years of age he gave it up and went 
 to learn the gunsmith’s trade with McGilvary, of Bucking- 
 ham. He remained with him, working at this trade, for a 
 ])eriod of ten years. Then, in the year 1830, he went to 
 Coshocton county, Ohio, and there engaged with his brother 
 in the manufacture of brick. This occupied him for about 
 two years, when ill health interfered with his business. For 
 August, 1853, he arrived in Philadelphia, and engaged with several years his health remained in an impaired condition. 
 Percival Smith, map publisher, as the surveyor of Clinton When it permitted him to resume business he removed to 
 and Lewis counties. New Vork. Finishing the duties re- West Carlisle, Coshocton county, and there engaged in mer- 
 quired of him in this connection in 1855 he went to Madison, cantile pursuits; from there he removed to West Bedford, 
 M isconsin, where he became Dejiuly County Surveyor and and thence to East Union. For over thirty years he was 
 
164 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 engaged in mercantile business in these places. At length 
 he removed to Coshocton, and in May, 1875, he was ap- 
 pointed by the Governor to the position of Probate Judge. 
 In the fall of that year he was elected, without opposition, 
 to fill the office for a term of three years. Judicial honors 
 followed magisterial honors in his case ; for, betore taking 
 his seat on the bench, he had held the position of Justice 
 of the Peace for over twenty years. Politically, he is a 
 Democrat, and he belongs distinctively to the “ Hard 
 money ” school. He has represented his party in the .State 
 Legislature at various times. In 1836 he was elected to 
 the House of Representatives for Coshocton and Holmes, 
 and served through one term. In the year 1844 he was 
 elected to the State Senate for Coshocton and Guernsey, 
 and served in that body two sessions. He was again 
 elected to the House of Representatives in 1863, and con- 
 tinued to sit in the House until 1870. In 1868 he was 
 elected Speaker pro tempore of the House by the unani- 
 mous vote of the members. He has been twice married. 
 On the 22d of November, 1828, he married Sarah Wolfen- 
 barger, of Pocahontas county, Virginia. She died in 
 August, 1844. In November, 1844, he married for his 
 second wife Mrs. Ellen Wright, daughter of William Ren- 
 frew, an early settler of Coshocton, who /s still living. 
 
 V.iTr^UBBELL, HORATIO NELSON, Founder and for 
 many years successful conductor of the Ohio In- 
 stitution for the Deaf and Dumb, was born in 
 Trumbull, Fairfield county, Connecticut, Sep- 
 tember 9th, 1799. From a sketch of his life, 
 written by Rev. Collins Stone, taken substantially 
 from the “Annals,” are culled the following facts : He 
 was the eighth child in a family of eighteen children whose 
 father, Nathan Hubbell, removed from the province of 
 Nova Scotia to Connecticut in 1793. At the age of sixteen 
 he was bound as an apprentice to learn the hatter’s trade in 
 the neighboring town of Brookfield. About this time he 
 experienced a change of heart, and consecrated himself to 
 a life of benevolence in the servicr of God. His mind 
 seems to have turned almost immediately to the Christian 
 ministry and missionary work as coveted fields of useful- 
 ness. These desires were warmly cherished until Provi- 
 dence opened plainly before him another sphere of labor — 
 one nearly allied to that on which his thoughts were 
 centred. It is related as an evidence of his conscientious- 
 ness that, although the employment selected for him by his 
 father was distasteful to him, he yet resolutely and even 
 cheerfully fulfilled his indentures. Among the first depu- 
 tation of missionaries to the Sandwich Islands, which sailed 
 in 1820, was Rev. Samuel Ruggles, of Brookfield. From 
 intercourse with this excellent man he became deeply in- 
 terested in the enterprise, and became filled with an ardent 
 desire to qualify himself for labor in that new and then un- 
 
 explored field. Accordingly, after the expiration of his 
 apprenticeship, September 9th, 1820, he applied for admis- 
 sion to the Cornwall school for the purpose of preparing 
 himself for missionary work. This institution was under 
 the patronage of the American Board, and was established 
 for the education of heathen youth, the children of mission- 
 aries and those who had a missionary life in view. The 
 lamented Obookiah was at that time one of the inmates of 
 the school. He devoted himself assiduously to his studies, 
 defraying all attendant expenses by his own efforts, and in 
 November, 1825, offered himself to the Board for mission- 
 ary service. Of the obstacles intervening between him and 
 his original intention there exists no visible record. He 
 was licensed to preach the gospel by the A.ssociation of 
 Hartford, north, P'ebruary 7th, 1826. On the isl of the 
 succeeding September he sailed from Bridgeport for Bos- 
 ton, on his w:y to Nova Scotia, the home of his paternal 
 ancestors. Having supplied himself with a quantity of 
 tracts for distribution, he sailed for Halifax, September 14th, 
 and arrived in port after a passage of two days. A subse- 
 quent passage of a week, in a small fishing vessel, brought 
 him to Greysborough, the residence of his relatives. After 
 spending a month there in pleasant intercourse with those 
 relatives, and declining to take charge of a parish in the 
 vicinity, he returned to Connecticut. In the spring of 
 1827, on the suspension of the Cornwall school, he was 
 invited to take charge of twelve Indian boys and conduct 
 them to the Miami University, at Oxford, Ohio, where they 
 were to complete their education. The journey was per- 
 formed by way of the Erie canal, and two weeks were 
 consumed in reaching Cleveland. The facilities for travel 
 at that lime were so imperfect and uncertain that, after a 
 delay of several days, the company left on foot, taking a 
 straight course through the woods, first to Massillon, and 
 thence, passing through Columbus, to Oxford. After con- 
 ducting his charge safely to the appointed destination, he 
 returned to Columbus and engaged in teaching. A few 
 months previous to his arriKal a w'arm interest in the in- 
 struction of the deaf and dumb had been awakened in the 
 community — an interest excited and matured into practical 
 results chiefly by the efforts of Dr. lloge, of Columbus. 
 An act incorporating an institution for this purpose had just 
 passed the General Assembly and a Board of Trustees been 
 organized, of which' Governor Trimble was {cx-ojjpcio') 
 President and Dr. Hoge Secretary. It was soon perceived 
 that its successful operation depended upon the finding a 
 suitable person who should be fully qualified to act as in- 
 structor to the deaf mutes. He was then selected to fill that 
 responsible post, and in March, 1828, went to Hartford to 
 prepare himself for the allotted task. He remained in one 
 of the institutions there for about eighteen months, wdtness- 
 ing with profit the daily processes of school-room instruc- 
 tion and receiving lessons in signs. On returning to 
 Columbus he opened his .School for the Instruction of Deaf 
 Mutes, October i6lh, 1829. The act incorporating the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 institution was passed in April, 1827. During the interval 
 wliich elapsed before its organization efforts were made to 
 enlighten the public mind with regard to the number of 
 deaf and dumb people, their pitiable condition while un- 
 educated and the entire feasibility of the enterprise pro- 
 jected, as shown by the result of the experiment m insti- 
 tutions already established in the country. Circulars were 
 extensively distributed and explanatory advertisements in- 
 serted in the leading papers of the State. Yet, at the 
 opening, but three pupils from the vicinity of Columbus 
 arrived, and of these tw'o were of unsound mind. Before 
 the close of the first year, however, the number of pupils 
 had increased to ten, and in the course of the second year 
 to twenty-two. Eventually the house rented for school 
 purposes became so crow'ded with the constantly increasing 
 number of pupils that it was found necessary to erect a 
 larger and permanent structure for the applicants and 
 actual inmates. It is not necessary to dwell upon the care 
 and wearisome labor involved in conducting such an insti- 
 tution after its est.ablishment : to enlist the good-will of the 
 community in the enterprise, to gain confidence by a wise 
 pecuniary management, to erect 'suitable buildings, to pro- 
 cure and prepare competent instructors, to maintain order 
 among a comp.iny of fifty or sixty young persons avho had 
 know’ia not a lesson of restraint before — all this demanded 
 no small amount of judgment, prudence, energy and skill. 
 Also, aside from the sympathy of a few benevolent persons, 
 the misfortune of the deaf mute had up to that time excited 
 little attention beyond the family circle of the afflicted in- 
 dividual. Doubts were entertained respecting the possi- 
 bility of his education, while parents and guardians were 
 not easily persuaded to commit their children to the care 
 of strangers where the prospect of their receiving benefit 
 was so problematical. In January, 1851, he resigned his 
 position as Superintendent of the institution, but at the re- 
 tpiest of the trustees continued to perform its duties till the 
 succeeding October. During many of the twenty-two years 
 of his connection with the institution he had discharged the 
 combined duties of superintendent, steward and treasurer. 
 Within this time 462 deaf and dumb children had, for 
 periods varying in duration, enjoyed the privileges of in- 
 struction. The institution, from the small beginning of one 
 sane pupil and two idiots, had grown to be the fourth in 
 the country, and had blessed with its beneficence nearly a 
 generation of the deaf mutes of the State. It had educated 
 and sent forth men to found schools at Indianapolis, Jack- 
 sonville, Knoxville and Louisiana, and from these had 
 sprung the si.ster schools of Iowa and Wisconsin. But his 
 influence and usefulness were not confined to the institution 
 under his charge. He was one of thirty-one persons who, 
 in 1839, united to form the Second I’resbvterian Church 
 of Columbus. In that enterprise he took a deep and active 
 interest, and, as primnrily it labored under many embarrass- 
 ments, contributed liberally of his means to advance its 
 welfare. Eor many years he held the offices of elder and 
 
 165 
 
 trustee, and was ever ready to aid the pastor and his 
 brethren by counsel and by active co-operation. In the 
 autumn of 1853 he received the appointment of Superin- 
 tendent of the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb at Dela- 
 ware, Wisconsin, then about to be opened. He declined 
 the appointment, but spent a few weeks in that city in 
 organizing the school. Although not engaged in active 
 service, after the close of his connection with the institu- 
 tion, he never ceased to manifest a warm interest in all 
 labors designed to relieve the unfortunate. During the 
 legislative session of 1854 he presented to the General 
 Assembly a memorial urging the establishment of an insti- 
 tution for the education and training of the idiot population 
 of Ohio, thus taking the incipient steps which have since 
 resulted in legislative action securing the desired object. 
 He also engaged with zeal in the work of colportage. The 
 last year of his life was spent in preparing for the jrress a 
 work entitled “ Dying Words of Eminent Persons.” Its 
 design was to present, in marked contrast with every other 
 principle, the power of Christian faith to sustain the soul in 
 the hour of its extremity. The course of investigation to 
 which he was led in collecting material for the volume 
 “ was a source of great satisfaction to his own mind,” and 
 doubtless contributed much to prepare him for his peaceful 
 and triumphant death. On a Saturday he completed and 
 arranged his manuscript, and on the succeeding Monday 
 was himself called to be an actor in the scenes through 
 which he had followed so many others. On the morning 
 of January 19th, 1857, he suffered with severe paroxysms 
 of palpitation and distress. His disease, an affection of the 
 heart, was approaching a climax. He called his family 
 around him and took leave of each member; he sent mes- 
 sages to the absent, to his former pastor and to the church, 
 for which he expressed his unabated affection. He sjioke 
 of his love for his family, of his faith in Christ, of his 
 readiness to depart and of the blessed society he should 
 soon join. While being removed from a sofa, on which he 
 was reclining, to his bed, he ceased to breathe. At his 
 funeral a discourse was delivered by his former pastor. Rev. 
 Henry I.. Hitchcock, D. 1 ).. from Revelations xiv. 13. On 
 a subsequent Sabbath a discourse, portraying his life, char- 
 acter and labors, was delivered in the sign language in the 
 chapel of the institution, by the superintendent, to a deeply 
 interested and affected assembly of pupils, from Psalms 
 xxxvii. 37. His most prominent characteristic was ])rob- 
 ably energy, combined with Christian benevolence. Ob- 
 stacles only stimulated him to greater exertions and more 
 determined perseverance. That he po.sses.sed a heart of 
 disinterested and warm benevolence the entire current 
 of his life bears testimony. No other proof of this is 
 needed than his early and earnest purpose to spend his life 
 on missionary ground, and its actual devotion to the diffi- 
 cult and self-denying labor of relieving a class of unfortu- 
 nates upon which has fallen a pall more dreadful than 
 heathenism itself. His efforts for the relief of idiots, for 
 
i66 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 (lie church and for the neglected and ignorant in his imme- 
 diate neighhorhootl, also confirm the testimony. The 
 monument which he has left of his labors for the deaf 
 mutes of Ohio and the great West will long remain to 
 reflect honor upon his memory and to attest his title to a 
 jilace among the real benefactors of mankind. On the day 
 of his funeral, at a meeting of the Instructors of the Ohio 
 Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, January 23d, 1857, a 
 series of resolutions were adopted which adverted in glow- 
 ing terms to his career as a Christian and philanthropist, 
 and expressed also the profound regret of all at his un- 
 expected and unwished-for demise. 
 
 OORE, REV. HENRY D., was born, November 
 4th, 1822, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. By 
 reason of constitutional weakness, and frequently 
 recurring sicknesses during childhood and youth, 
 his education was interrupted by withdrawals 
 from school and sojourns in country places with 
 friends of his family. He, however, notwithstanding these 
 drawbacks, was prepared in the excellent academy of James 
 Goodfellow, in Philadelphia, for a collegiate course of 
 study, and at the early age of fifteen years was ready to be 
 entered in the University of Pennsylvania, for which dis- 
 tinguished school his parents had designed him. He was 
 compelled, however, to pursue his further studies privately, 
 which he did with some degree of thoroughness under the 
 direction of the celebrated clergyman, Rev. Samuel B. 
 Wylie, 1 ). D., at that time Emeritus Professor of Languages 
 in the University, and also Teacher of Theology to such 
 graduates of the University as sought to pursue the Divine 
 study. Under Ptr. Wylie’s culture Mr. Moore prosecuted 
 his collegiate and divinity studies, and at the age of twenty 
 years he was a licentiate in the gospel ministry. At the 
 close of his studies Mr. Moore’s father called on Dr. Wylie 
 to thank him for his kindness and care of his son’s educa- 
 tion. In the course of the interview the venerable and 
 facetious doctor remarked: “Mr. Moore, your son Henry 
 will be a good preacher, but he will make a very poor 
 Covenanter,’’ that being the denomination of Christians of 
 which Dr. Wylie was at that time the most distinguished 
 and learned preacher. Mr. Moore entered the active min- 
 istry in the Congregational denomination, after having 
 served for one year as assistant pastor to the Rev. Thomas 
 H. Stockton, at that time pastor of the Independent Church, 
 corner of Eleventh and Wood streets, Philadelphia. Until 
 the year 1853 he was pastor of the Second Independent 
 Church (Congregational), Philadelphia. In that year he 
 left Philadelphia, on account of ill health and the necessity 
 for climatory change, and accepted the call of the Old 
 North Church, Portsmouth, New Hampshire. After a short 
 pastorate there, during which time the present elegant and 
 spacious house of worship of that church was built, he was 
 
 called to Portland, Maine, at the desire of pastors and 
 church members there, to organize and build up another 
 church of the denomination. In this work he was emi- 
 nently successful ; and after a pastorate there of ten years 
 he was again compelled, on account of the health of his 
 family, to remove. He came West, and after sojourning in 
 Pittsburgh for a year and a half, and finding the climate 
 West beneficial, he accepted the call of the Vine Street 
 Congregational Church, in Cincinnati, Ohio, in the year 
 1867. In 1873, being very much reduced in strength, and 
 health very precarious, he removed to a prairie city, and as 
 pastor of the Congregational Church in Springfield, Illinois, 
 he labored, in a sort of invalid work, for a year and a half, 
 during which time his health was completely restored. 
 Early in 1875 returned to Cincinnati, which is now his 
 permanent home. Mr. Moore quite early developed literary 
 tastes, and for several years indulged literary habits and 
 pursuits to the extremity of health-prostration. At the age 
 of fourteen years he was a poetic contributor to the Satur- 
 day Evening Post and Saturday Courier, of Philadelphia. 
 In Allibone’s “ Dictionary of American Authors,” his name 
 occurs in connection with a variety of literary work of im- 
 portant character and extended usefulness. As a preacher 
 he has always been favored with a large share of the sym- 
 pathy and attention of the communities where he has lived. 
 Though liberal in doctrine, even to the very verge of 
 Orthodoxy, so that sometimes his friends have expressed 
 solicitude concerning his soundness in the faith, yet he has 
 maintained a true evangelical charity and given utterance 
 to a true evangelical ministry throughout. His love of 
 men is large, and his sympathy with the wandering and 
 weary chi'ldren of the Father will impress any listener who 
 is hearing him, even for the first time. His charity is 
 large, and he is impatient of those churchly rules and re- 
 straints and prudencies which would separate the minister 
 from the “ publicans and sinners.” Any pulpit or platform, 
 Christian church of any name, or synagogue of the Jews, 
 would be welcome to him if he could, by such or any 
 means, reach the ears and hearts of men with the message 
 of truth and of redeeming love. These characteristics of 
 Christian and ministerial character, together with an elo- 
 quent earnestness of address and a warm genial bearing 
 towards the people, have made Mr. Moore extremely popular 
 in his work and" beloved by thousands of admiring friends. 
 
 ONFORT, HENRY A., Superintendent of the 
 House of Refuge of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born 
 at Fishkill Plains, Dutchess county. New York, 
 August 6th, 1835, and vi'as the oldest of seven 
 children whose parents were Albert H. Monfort 
 and Elsie (Wiltsie) Monfort, both earnest mem- 
 bers of the Dutch Reformed Church. His father, a native 
 of New York, has been engaged through life in agricultural 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCL 0 P.L;DIA. 
 
 167 
 
 pursuits, and now resides on Long Isla’nd. His mother, a 
 native of Dutchess county, also is still living. His clays of 
 boyhood we.e passed alternately in working on a farm in 
 the summer months and attending school during the winter. 
 While in his eighteenth year he became engaged in teach- 
 ing school, an avocation which he followed during the 
 ensuing two years. The next two years were devoted to 
 the business of photograph itig, at the expiration of which 
 time he engaged for a period of four years in merchandis- 
 ing. In 1857 he moved to the West and settled at Mil- 
 waukee, Wisconsin, where he found occupation in teaching 
 for about one year. In 1858 he removed to Cincinnati, 
 and upon his arrival there became connected as an employe 
 with the house of John Route & Co., where he remained 
 until the winter of 1861. He then moved to Poughkeepsie, 
 New York, where he devoted his attention for one year to 
 mercantile pursuits, afterward leasing Laurel Bank Semi- 
 nary, in Delaware county, New York, an establishment 
 which was conducted by him during the following two 
 years. In April, 1864, after removing to Cincinnati, he 
 was appointed Assistant Superintendent of the Cincinnati 
 House of Refuge, and in May, 1866, was appointed Super- 
 intendent and .Secretary of the same institution. That 
 office he has since continuously filled, a convincing proof 
 of the efficiency of his management and of the esteem in 
 which he is held by the able board that controls the work- 
 ings of the establishment. During his years of control of 
 the House of Refuge 2744 children have passed under his 
 supervision, and of this number, the majority being of the 
 criminal classes, it is estimated, on accepted data, that at 
 lea-st 2000 have been thoroughly reformed and led to con- 
 duct themselves with honesty and industry; while the 
 various arrangements and the general management of this 
 institution of Cincinnati are scarcely equalled in similar 
 establishments in any part of the United States. He is a 
 member of the Congregational Church. Politically, he is 
 not attached blindly to any party, always votes for those 
 upon whom he can place reliance as loyal and energetic 
 citizens, and has never yet attended a public political 
 meeting. He w.as married in February, i860, to Ophelia 
 S. Hunting, a native of Cincinnati, and daughter of the 
 late Richard G. Hunting. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 fxAD.STREET, ED\\,\RD P.AYSON, was born, 
 June 5th, 1830, at Vermillion, near .Sandusky, 
 Ohio. He is a lineal descendant in the seventh 
 generation from Simon Bradstreet, one of the 
 colonial governors of Massachusetts, who came 
 over with his wife, the noted poetess, Anne 
 Bradstreet, in 1630, from England in the “Arabella Stuart.” 
 The subject of this sketch was the second son of the late 
 Rev. Stejrhen 1 . Bradstreet, the pioneer clergyman of 
 Cleveland, the founder and long minister of the First Pres- 
 byterian Church in that city, who removed there from his 
 
 home in Pelham, New Hampshire, with his young wife 
 while Cleveland was a small village, and lived and labored 
 there and elsewhere in northern Ohio, for the glory of God 
 and the welfare of his fellow-men, till his early death, in 
 1837, among those who knew and loved him best. His 
 widow, one of the Dana descendants, survived him but one 
 year. Intelligent and beautiful, endowed with all that 
 Christian grace can bestow, she was the centre of affection 
 of her family and friends and the worthy companion of her 
 loving husband in all his labors and trials, and their 
 memory is fresh in the hearts of the Lake Erie pioneers, 
 among whom in the Cleveland Cemetery they have long 
 rested. The three children were separated by this bereave- 
 ment, and PIdward was reared in the family of Alexander 
 Garton, a farmer near Oberlin, tilt he was sixteen years 
 old, when he determined to obtain a liberal education at 
 all hazards, and commenced to attend the Filyria High 
 School, then a prominent institution in northern Ohio. 
 Here he fitted himself for college, working his way as best 
 he could, his inheritance being but little more than an un- 
 sullied and beloved name. Leaving there with the higliest 
 honors, he, in 1849, entered Western Reserve College, 
 founded by his father, and pushed his way on till a quarrel 
 among the professors, followed liy many of them resigning, 
 induced him and others to go elsewhere, and he chose old 
 Yale, entering the same grade class which he left, after the 
 usual severe examination. He graduated in 1853. Re- 
 turning West he taught the academy in Talmadge, Ohio, 
 for a year, and then went to Cincinnati in 1854 and com- 
 menced reading law with the firm of Ferguson & Long, 
 teaching in the daytime in the public schools and studying 
 at night. He was admitted to the bar in 1856. After 
 several months’ attention to office practice with his precep- 
 tors, he commenced, in 1857, as partner of Henry Snow, 
 Esq., which firm continued successfully for over two years, 
 when Mr. Bradstreet removed to St. Joseph, Missouri, 
 for his future home. In i860 he was married to Mrs. 
 Dolabella Fraisse, of Vicksburg, who died in August, 
 1867, lamented by all who knew her. The certainty of 
 coming war induced his return to Cincinnati, late in i860, 
 where he has since resided, practising his profession. A 
 leading object of his life has been to aid and promote all 
 proper attempts to advance religion, morality and the 
 general welfare of his fellow-men. Early in his residence 
 in Cincinnati he was an active member of the Young Men’s 
 Chri.stian Association, and one of the founders and early 
 presidents of the Cincinnati Gymnasium. In 1866 he was 
 elected a member of the Board of Piducation, and aided in 
 the plans and movements for establishing the jiresent public 
 library. In 1867-68 he was a member of an association of 
 gentlemen whose object was to create a public sentiment in 
 favor of enforcing law and order on Sunday, and with his 
 associates devoted much time and labor to the cause in a 
 quiet way, with excellent results. P'rom 1869 to 1871 he 
 was one of the trustees of the Homoeopathic P'ree Dis- 
 
i6S 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 pensary. In 1S71-72 be was President of the Ohio De- 
 partment of the National Capital Life Insurance Company, 
 till it was merged in the Penn Mutual Company. In the 
 same year he was chairman of a private organization whose 
 object was to unite all good citizens to vote for the best 
 candidates for city offices, regardless of politics. He has 
 been for years a director of the Young Men’s Bible Society 
 of Cincinnati. In 1865 he was appointed .Superintendent 
 of St. Paul’s Episcopal Church Sunday-school, and has re- 
 mained so ever since, gathering around him a corps of 
 remarkable teachers, till the school has become celebrated 
 for successful efficiency. During the same period he was 
 elected anil served as vestryman, but declined re-election. 
 In 1870 he was one of the founders of the Church Guild 
 of Cincinnati, and continued one of its foremost members 
 and officers, especially in mission work, during its three 
 years of successful existence. In 1872 he was among the 
 first to aid in establishing the Cincinnati Society for Pre- 
 vention £)f Cruelty to Animals, and has ever since been one 
 of its officers, devoting his time and professional services 
 gratuitously. He has been for years one of the trustees of 
 the famous Kilwinning Chapter of Royal Arch Masons. In 
 1872 he was again elected Director of the Gymnasium, and 
 since 1874 has been its President, and has aided in making 
 it now the largest and best in the country and one of the 
 prominent features of the city. During the yellow fever 
 plague in Memphis he devised and superintended in Cin- 
 cinnati and incited in New York and other cities the “ Bal- 
 lot-box charities ” on election day, by which about $20,000 
 was realized for the orphans and sufferers, and afterwards 
 also a large sum in Cincinnati for the victims of the great 
 Southern flood. In 1875 elected President of the 
 
 Yale Club. To attend to these various interests, in addition 
 to the demands of a large practice, has left little time for 
 rest except in summer vacations. In politics, his party has 
 until lately offered small inducem.ents to seek for personal 
 preferment, but in 1874, when the new Ohio Constitution 
 seemed about to be adopted, he was a prominent condi- 
 tional candidate for Common Pleas Judge, and no doubt 
 would have been nominated and elected had the constitu- 
 tion been adopted. There are few harder or more success- 
 ful workers at the bar, and he finds in rotation of outside 
 duties the recreation that too many seek only in the foibles 
 of fashion and the dissipations of city life. 
 
 age of fifteen ; as teacher one term, at the age of seventeen, 
 and one year spent at home in preparation for Yale Col- 
 lege (1821-22). A specially favoring Providence gave him 
 a teacher in the common school able to introduce him into 
 algebra, trigonometry and surveying, so that in a class of 
 one he had the opportunity there to make himself ac- 
 (juainted with these sciences in advance of the usual district 
 school course. These facilities, coupled with the township 
 library, which was pretty thoroughly explored, constituted 
 mainly the intellectual nutriment and stimulus of his youth. 
 The opportunities for college culture were eagerly em- 
 braced and richly enjoyed from 1822 to 1826, when he 
 graduated at Yale, after which he was a member of the 
 Theological .Seminaiy of Yale University two years; was 
 then ordained as a home missionary, July, 1828, and came 
 to Ohio in September ensuing. Having -spent about two 
 years in missionary labor, chiefly in Ashtabula and San- 
 dusky City, and five years as p.astor of the church of 
 Austinburg, he accepted a call as Professor to Oberlin 
 College, where he has resided since September, 1835. 
 has been ardently devoted to his chosen vocation, but 
 nevertheless he has found some time and abundant energy 
 to devote to other objects of public interest. From 1851 to 
 1854 he was a director of the Cleveland, Norwalk & Toledo 
 Railroad. In the line of literary labor he edited the 
 Oberlin Evangelist eighteen years, and wrote for it regu- 
 larly during the other six years of its existence. Since 1S63 
 he has written ten volumes in exposition of the Scriptures, 
 embracing the entire Old Testament, except Job, and also 
 the entire writings of the Apostle John in the New Testa- 
 ment. In politics as politics he has not taken an active 
 part. Of course, being a New-Englander by birth and 
 education, an Ohioan by adoption and an Oberlin Professor 
 by vocation, he was a devoted anti-slavery man, and 
 warmly advocated the principles of his faith. He acted 
 with the Whig party till 1840; then with the anti-slavery 
 party until the Republican party was organized, and ever 
 since then he has labored in the ranks of that body. He 
 has been twice married. On the 27th of July, 1830, he 
 married Alice Welch, of Norfolk, Connecticut. She died 
 on the 14th of October, 1843, leaving him six children, of 
 whom only two are now living. On the 21st of March, 
 1844, he married his present wife, who was Mrs. Minerva 
 D. Penfield. 
 
 fOWLE.S, HENRY, Professor in Oberlin Theologi- 
 cal Seminary, was born at Norfolk, Litchfield 
 county, Connecticut, on the 24th of April, 1803. 
 When he was about one year old the family re- 
 moved to Colbrook, in Connecticut, where he 
 resided until 1822. As soon as he was old 
 enough to work he was occupied in farm labor, except the 
 time spent in the district winter school : as pupil till the 
 
 523 , 
 
 ONN.XLI.Y, AUGUSTUS, retired Steamboat-man, 
 was born at Gallipolis, Ohio, February 2d, 1820. 
 His father dying when he was a child he had 
 early to shift for himself, so obtained the most 
 valuable part of his schooling among men in the 
 business world. Until he was eighteen years of 
 age he worked on a farm and otherwise for the support 
 of his mother’s family. Now thinking that he could better 
 his condition by some river occupation, the Ohio river then 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 169 
 
 being the great trade channel for the surrounding country, 
 he commenced his eventful career as deck-hand on the 
 steamer “ Tribune,” working two years in this position. 
 Being temperate, industrious ana trustworthy, at the end 
 of this hard service he was made watchman on the 
 “ Tribune.” From this time he gradually worked along 
 from the various steamboat ranks until, in 1842, he became 
 commander of the “ Win. Phillips.” When a mere boy 
 he had formed the determination to be a captain of one of 
 the beautiful floating palaces on the Ohio; at this his good 
 mother laughed, thinking it a boy’s dream, yet the good 
 lajdy lived long after he had gained the desired goal. The 
 “Win. Phillips” he ran for two seasons on the Wabash 
 and Kanawha rivers, owning a small interest in her through 
 the instrumentality of friends. Selling his interest in this 
 boat, he immediately purchased another, building, equip- 
 ping and running, in all, on the Ohio, Mississippi and their 
 tributaries, nineteen boats, over a space of twenty-two years. 
 In 1863 he went to Pittsburgh and built the “ Paragon,” at 
 a cost of S66,ooo. This boat he at once put, without in- 
 surance, into the Missouri river trade, running from St. 
 Louis to Fort Leavenworth, chiefly in private business. In 
 1864, having had a fortunate season, he sold the “ Paragon,” 
 realizing handsomely on her. Now having accumulated 
 enough to satisfy a reasonable man, and risks being very 
 great on available steamers, the captain determined to retire 
 from river business ; accordingly he purchased his present 
 fine farm near Morrow, Ohio. This is said to be the finest 
 farm in Warren county. Having his farm in the most 
 desirable condition, and having gathered every convenience 
 and comfort around a quiet and happy home, he found 
 himself at the expiration of ten years yearning for a little 
 of the old excitement and fascination of the river; accord- 
 tng'Xi ttt 1874, he bought the “ Mary Miller.” Captain 
 Donnally thinks that hard work, correct habits, strict 
 economy, with the exercise of a few grains of common 
 sense, have more to do with the accumulation of wealth 
 than lucky stars or so-called strokes of fortune. His was 
 not an even plain road to fortune ; twice he lost all that he 
 had gathered in years of toil, and his history is that of few 
 other men of his trade ; although some have made fortunes, 
 few have served apprenticeships in all the hard grades of 
 this craft. He married Elizabeth Smith, of Marietta, Ohio, 
 and has six children living. 
 
 % ENDENHALL, GEORGE, Physician, was born 
 I at Sharon, Beaver county, Pennsylvania, May 5th, 
 I 1814, his parents being Aaron and I.ydia Men- 
 denhall. His descent runs down from the early 
 “ - Quaker settlers of Pennsylvania, one of his pater- 
 
 nal ancestors having taken a prominent part with 
 William Penn in the “ Elm Tree Treaty” with the Indians. 
 His mother was a sister of the Hon. Joseph Richardson, 
 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives of Ohio from 1S18 
 to 1822. During his early childhood his parents removed 
 to Columbiana county, Ohio, w’here, when quite a youth, 
 he entered the office of Dr. Benjamin Stanton, of Salem, 
 Ohio, as a student. In 1835, when he w’as less than 
 twenty-one years of age-, he graduated with credit at the 
 University of Pennsylvania. In May of that year he went 
 to Cleveland and at once entered upon a successful prac- 
 tice. In 1837 he was appointed Resident Physician to the 
 Philadelphia Hospital, where he remained but a few 
 months, when he resumed his practice at Cleveland. In 
 October, 1S38, he was married to Elizabeth S. Maule, of 
 Philadelphia, formerly of Richmond, Virginia. In 1843 
 was attacked with a pulmonary disease, which threatened 
 permanent loss of health and compelled him to abandon the 
 lake region for a more genial climate. He settled in Cin- 
 cinnati in October of that year. His health was impaired, 
 he was among strangers, but by a strong energy and the 
 help of his devoted wife his circumstances, at first discour- 
 aging, soon brightened. He associated himself with others 
 in the conduct of the City Dispensary, a charitable medical 
 institution, with no compensation to the attending physi- 
 cians. They also organized a summer school of medicine, 
 which was carried on successfully for years; and in 1852 
 organized the Miami Medical College. The prevalence of 
 cholera from 1849 to 1852 entailed upon him very great 
 labor, but he lost only a single day from sickness. Ail 
 through the twenty years dating from that time he labored 
 unremittingly as a practitioner, as a medical teacher and as 
 a contributor to medical journals. “ Mendenhall’s Vade 
 Mecum ” was one of the most successful books of the class 
 ever published. In the year 1870 he was elected President 
 of the American Medical Association, and shortly before 
 his decease had conferred upon him the high honor of a 
 fellowship in the Obstetrical Society of London. His repu- 
 tation as an obstetrician was indeed world-wide. During 
 the rebellion he was President of the Cincinnati branch 
 of the Union .Sanitary Commission. Dr. Mendenhall fell 
 a victim to overwork. He was stricken down with an at- 
 tack of apoplexy in the year 1872, from which he never 
 fully rallied. He subsequently visited Europe for his 
 health, and died after his return, June 4th, 1874, in the 
 sixty-first year of his age. He was a man of indomitable 
 promptitude, and despised one who shirked duty ; was ever 
 unsparing of himself, and in his practice was so systematic 
 and continuous that the amount of labor he accomplished 
 was the astonishment of his profe.ssional brethren. His 
 love for his profession was such that it amounted to a 
 passion. His greatest happiness was in its practice. He 
 never used tobacco nor alcoholic stimulants, nor would he, 
 from conscientious motives, prescribe the latter for his 
 patients, excepting in very rare cases, and then with ex- 
 treme reluctance, from fear of the formation of an evil 
 habit. He was firm as a rock for the right; but gentle, 
 modest and kindly as a woman ; free from all vanity. 
 
 22 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 170 
 
 hating pretence, with an exceeding love of truth, a warm, 
 loving heart and the most delicate sense of honor. A pro- 
 fessional brother said of him, he “ never had the privilege 
 of knowing a man whose virtues and talents so strongly 
 commanded his regard.” 
 
 AN, JAIMES II., Lawyer and ex-State 
 fjjll V Auditor, was born, October 19th, 1808, in Berk- 
 Ov county, Virginia, and moved with his parents 
 
 to Ohio in 1812, settling in P'airfield county. 
 
 S’ Here he remained until 1818, when he went to 
 Franklin county, where he obtained his education 
 in the common schools. Deciding upon following the pro- 
 fession of law, when eighteen years of age he selected as 
 his preceptor Judge O. Parish, of Columbus, witli whom he 
 read. In 1828 he was admitted to the bar, having passed 
 a very meritorious examination. In November of that year 
 he was married to Anna Davis, of Marion, Ohio. Settling 
 in that place, he opened an office and entered upon his 
 practice, which, more rapidly than is usually the case, be- 
 came both large and remunerative. He continued in his 
 professional calling until 1850, when he was elected Presi- 
 dent of the Bell'efontaine & Indiana Railroad Company, 
 and administered for six years the duties of this important 
 office with care and rare executive ability. He then re- 
 signed the presidency of the road and resumed practice. 
 Colonel Goodman was trying a case in court when the 
 news reached Marion that Fort Sumter had been taken and 
 that President Lincoln had called for troops. He asked 
 for and was granted a continuance of the cause, and en- 
 listed as a private in the 4th Ohio Regiment. He set about 
 raising a company, and in a few days had its ranks full, 
 and was appointed its Captain. He went with his com- 
 mand to Camp Jackson, where he was elected Major of the 
 regiment, which was shortly after ordered into Western 
 Virginia, where it formed part of McClellan’s army. Mr. 
 Goodman participated in the battle of Rich Mountain, and 
 within a few weeks was commissioned as Lieutenant-Col- 
 onel, being advanced eventually to the position of Colonel. 
 He served gallantly in the battles of Romney, Winchester, 
 Blue Gaps, Charles City Court House and Fredericksburg. 
 In the latter he was wounded in three different portions of 
 the body, and in July, 1863, on account of his physical 
 disability, resulting from his injuries, was honorably dis- 
 charged. After the war he was brevetted Brigadier-General 
 for distinguished services on the field. During 1863 he 
 was nominated, without his consent, and elected as Auditor 
 of the State of Ohio, and upon the expiration of his first 
 term was re-elected. In this position he conscientiously 
 and ably discharged the duties devolving upon him, and 
 earned the esteem of the entire citizenship of the State 
 without regard to party affiliations. His political career 
 commenced early in life. In 1835 he was elected by the 
 Whigs to the Legislature, serving in the lower House, and 
 
 in 1838 was re-elected. In 1S40 he was elected to and 
 filled for one term a seat in the State Senate. His first 
 presidential vote was cast for John Quincy Adams. He 
 was a Vv'hig up to the formation of the Republican party, 
 with which he has been prominently connected ever since. 
 His familiarity with accounts has led to his appointment as 
 an Examiner, to visit the various counties of the State to 
 look over the books of their auditors and treasurers. He is 
 a profoundly read lawyer, a careful and imp.artial official 
 and an enterprising and energetic citizen, and is generally 
 respected officially as well as professionally. 
 
 UPPER, BENJAMIN, was born in Stoughton, 
 Massachusetts, in 1738. He served throughout 
 the Revolutionary war, and became Brigadier- 
 General. In 1785 he was appointed to survey 
 lands northwest of the Ohio, and helped to form 
 the Ohio Land Company. Its affairs he managed, 
 living in Marietta from 1788, in which year he assisted to 
 hold the first Civil Court in the Northwest Territory. Ap- 
 pointed Judge, he presided until his death in June, 1792. 
 
 RIGHT, ROBERT, Manufacturer, was born in 
 ^4 III Portage county, Ohio, June 2d, 1809. His 
 i I p^ii'ents were residents of Pennsylvania, whence 
 his father, a farmer, removed to Ohio in 1800. 
 
 ' His early education was received at the county 
 school, in Hocking county, whose winter sessions 
 he attended until he had reached his eighteenth year. 
 During the summer months of those years he was engaged 
 in farm labor. Later, he also taught school for two or 
 three terms in the winter season. He was thus employed 
 as a farm hand until 1835, but during the latter years of 
 that time was engaged in agricultural pursuits on his own 
 account. From 1835 until 1842 he was interested in the 
 construction of the Hocking Valley Canal, having secured a 
 contract to finish five miles of this enterprise, partly in 
 Athens and partly in Hocking county. From 1842 until 
 1835 he was employed entirely in agricultural pursuits, and 
 in the latter year purchased the larger portion of the Hock- 
 ing Falls Mills, securing the balance of the property in 
 1862. This mill was built by Governor Worthington, of 
 Ohio, about the year 1818, and remained in the possession 
 of his family until 1855. Since its sale the present owner 
 has continued to conduct its affairs, and in connection with 
 it is extensively interested in farming and stock-raising. 
 The farm operated by him at the present time has been in 
 his possession since 1829. In 1844 he was elected a Jus- 
 tice of the Peace, but resigned this office in 1846. He also 
 served two terms of three years each as County Commis- 
 sioner. In 1850 he was appointed by the Legislature 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 Associate Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and served 
 three years. In 1852 he was appointed also by the Legis- 
 lature one of the trustees of the Ohio University, at Athens, 
 Ohio, a position which he still holds. He was for several 
 years a director in the Logan Branch Bank of the Slate of 
 Ohio. Since 1866 he has been a director in the P'irst 
 National Bank of Logan, and is a stockholder in the 
 Columbus & Hocking Valley Railroad. He is interested 
 also in the building development of the town and in its 
 several improvements. His present residence, the hand- 
 somest place of its kind in Logan, was completed in 1873. 
 He was married in October, 1840, to Elmira Hamblin, by 
 whom he has had four children, three boys and one girl. 
 Of the former, two are lawyers and the third a farmer. 
 
 *IRK, ROBERT C., Collector of Internal Revenue 
 for the Thirteenth Ohio District, was born on the 
 26th of February, 1821, at Mount Pleasant, Jeffer- 
 son county, Ohio. Both his parents were natives 
 of Pennsylvania. His father was a Quaker, a 
 hatter by trade, but eventually gave up that occu- 
 pation for that of a farmer, and died in 1838. His mother 
 is still living, at the age of eighty. Robert, in his early 
 boyhood, attended district school in his native place, and 
 having obtained the full benefit of their resources he be- 
 came a student in Franklin College, at Athens, Ohio, and 
 shortly after leaving college he commenced the study of 
 medicine under the instruction of Dr. William Hamilton, 
 at Mount Pleasant. After a time spent thus in preliminary 
 study he entered the old University at Philadelphia, where 
 he attended lectures until he was twenty years of age. 
 Then he left the University and at once removed to Fulton 
 county, Illinois, where he began professional practice. He 
 practised there for a short time, when he returned to Ohi 
 in the fall of 1843, when he abandoned the practice of his 
 profession and in the spring of 1844 engaged in mercantile 
 pursuits in Mount Vernon. He formed a partnership with 
 T. W. Rogers in the dry-goods business, but the associa- 
 tion ended by the death of Mr. Rogers. When it ter- 
 minated he formed a partnership in the same business with 
 John Hogg, his father-in-law, and this continued until the 
 year 1853, when the firm sold out and he left that branch 
 of trade permanently. In 1857 he went to Winona, Minne- 
 sota, and was associated with his brother as dealers in real 
 estate, business interests and the associations in his native 
 State causing him to return to Ohio in 1858, and has re- 
 mained there ever since except when holding official 
 positions abroad. He has always been active in politics, 
 and was a member of the Democratic party till 1854, but, 
 disagreeing with his party on the currency and slavery 
 cpiestions, when the Missouri Compromise was repealed he 
 left the Democratic ranks, and has ever since been an 
 earnest opponent of the Democratic party. In 1856 he 
 
 was elected a member of the Ohio State Senate, being the 
 fir.st Republican elected from that district, and served in 
 that body during one term. In the year 1859, after his 
 return from Minnesota, he was elected Lieutenant-Governor 
 of the State, on the ticket with Governor Dennison. He 
 served for two years. In 1862 he received from President 
 Lincoln the appointment of Minister to the Argentine Re- 
 public. During his official residence at Buenos Ayres he 
 was successful in settling all the old claims due American 
 citizens, amounting to over four hundred thousand dollars; 
 these claims originated in 1814 and were abandoned by 
 our former ministers. Over nineteen thousand dollars were 
 sent from Buenos Ayres to Mr. Bellows, President of the 
 United Stales Sanitary Commission, for the benefit of our 
 soldiers, during Mr. Kirk’s residence there. This position 
 he held until 1866, when he resigned and returned to Ohio. 
 In 1869 he was reappointed by President Grant to the 
 same position, but resigned again in 1871, returning home 
 in January, 1872. In February, 1875, ^6 received from 
 President Grant the appointment of Collector of Internal 
 Revenue of the Thirteenth Ohio District, at Mount Vernon, 
 and that position he still holds. He is an earnest stump- 
 speaker, and does effective work in political campaigns. 
 He was married on the l ith of December, 1843, to Fleanor 
 Hogg, daughter of John Hogg and niece of old William 
 Hogg, of Brownsville, Pennsylvania. 
 
 FVIS, HFNRV, Architect, was born in Newport, 
 Isle of Wight, England, on November loth, 
 1834, and attended the schools of his native 
 place, acquiring by industry a substantial educa- 
 tion. He remained in these schools until four- 
 teen years of age, when he removed with his 
 father’s family to Toronto, Canada, where he resided two 
 years. From this place he went to Hamilton, Canada, and 
 was apprenticed to learn the trade of a builder and mill- 
 wright, and in this occupation continued three years and a 
 half. In 1858 he came to Cincinnati, and followed pattern- 
 making until 1861. When the war broke out he was in 
 Illinois, and enlisted, under the first call to arms, as a 
 private in the 41st Illinois Volunteers. He was in a short 
 lime appointed Orderly Sergeant, and subsequently pro- 
 moted to a First-Lieutenancy, in which position he served 
 fifteen months, and then was compelled to resign on ac- 
 count of failing health. Upon leaving the army he returned 
 to Clinton, De Witt county, Illinois, where he was engaged 
 as a carpenter and builder until 1866. He then removed 
 back to Cincinnati, where he resumed pattern-making, 
 which he followed until 1868, when he commenced archi- 
 tectural drafting, and has continued thus engaged up to the 
 present time. He is a skilful and rapid designer, his plans 
 displaying originality and fine taste in their arrangement 
 and adornment. He is a member, in excellent standing, 
 
1/2 
 
 BIOGRAPIIIC;\L ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 of the Architectural Chapter of Cincinnati, and is liberally 
 patronized by the builders and capitalists of that city. Ilis 
 place of business is at No. 163 Central avenue. lie was 
 married, July 4th, 1862, to Kate, daughter of Patrick Develiii, 
 Esq., of Dublin. He is highly esteemed in social and pro- 
 fessional circles, as a gentleman of energy, culture, and 
 public spirit. 
 
 IIILLIP.S, THO.MA.S II., M. D., of Canton, was 
 born in Cannonsburg, Washington county, Penn- 
 sylvania, on March 25th, 1839. Ilis parents 
 were John W. and Nancy (Hanson) Phillips. 
 Having acquired its rudiments, he finished his 
 education at Jefferson Literary College, located in 
 his native town. Selecting the medical profession, he en- 
 tered the office of Dr. George H. Cook, in Cannonsburg, in 
 1859, where he pursued his studies until the winter of 1862- 
 63, when he matriculated at Jefferson Medical College, 
 Philadelphia, from which he graduated in the spring of 
 1864. Previous to graduating, however, and during the 
 summer of 1863, he entered the United States service for 
 nine months as an Assistant Surgeon. At the expiration of 
 his term of service he completed his course at Jeffer.son, and 
 receiving his degree, again joined the army in 1864, as As- 
 sistant Surgeon of the 79th Pennsylvania Volunteers. In 
 this capacity he rendered valuable service until he was mus- 
 tered out in September, 1865. He then located himself at 
 West Middletown, Washington county, Pennsylvania, and 
 successfully practised there until his removal to Canton in 
 the spring of 1869. During his residence in Pennsylvania, 
 he became a member of the State Medical Society, and 
 since locating in Canton has connected himself with the 
 District Medical Association. Although but lately settled in 
 Canton, Dr. Phillips’ professional ability has been duly recog- 
 nized in his new abode, and he has acquired a good share 
 of patronage, and ranks among the ablest of the profession 
 in that town. While his practice necessarily is a general 
 one, his special aim is the treatment of diseases of women. 
 He was married in February, 1868, to Irene Lindsay, of 
 West Middletown, Pennsylvania. 
 
 C'YjMOODWARD, WILLIAM HENRY, Dentist, is of 
 I I II New England nativity, having been born at Nor- 
 wich, Connecticut, on the 12th of January, 1843. 
 His parents, Caleb and Amanda (Scott) Wood- 
 ward, were both descended from the old Revolu- 
 tionary stock of Connecticut, his mother belonging 
 to the same family as that from which General Winfield 
 Scott was descended. In the year 1850 his parents re- 
 moved to Ripley, Ohio, and there he received his general 
 education in the schools of the place. In 1858 he went 
 through a course of special studies with General Ammen, 
 
 of Cincinnati. He then returned to Ripley and pursued a 
 course of professional studies under his father, who was a 
 dentist, and whose profession the son had decided to adopt. 
 In 1861 he entered upon his first course of lectures at the 
 Ohio Dental College. From this institution he graduated, 
 with the degree of D. D. S., in the month of February, 1864. 
 Immediately after his graduation he entered the army, and 
 continued in the volunteer service until the close of the war 
 in 1865. After leaving the army he returned again to 
 Ripley, and engaged in the practice of his profession in con- 
 nection with his father. This association continued until 
 about 1867, when he removed to Vernon. There he re- 
 mained practising until 1871, and then he removed to Cin- 
 cinnati. There he has ever since remained, engaged in a 
 practice that grew rapidly to large proportions. He is a 
 member of the Mississippi Valley Dental Association, and 
 of the society of the class of 1864 of his Alma Male/- 
 
 li^ICHMOND, JOHN M., Clergyman, was born on 
 the 13th of May, 1848, in Ayr, Ontario, Canada. 
 He is of Scotch descent, both his parents having 
 been natives of Ayrshire, Scotland. He studied 
 at the University of Toronto, Canada, and after 
 leaving that institution, he entered the Theologi- 
 cal Seminary at Princeton, New Jersey, and in April, 1871, 
 he was licensed by the Presbytery of New Brunswick, at 
 Trenton, New Jersey. In the year 1872 he was called to 
 the charge of the congregation of Hope Church, Columbus, 
 Ohio, and was ordained and installed on the l8th of April, 
 1872. He still occupies the position of pastor there, and 
 fulfils all the duties of his sacred office in such a manner as 
 to win the confidence, esteem and love of all. He was 
 married on the nth of May, 1871, to Julia E. Phillips, of 
 Princeton, New Jersey. 
 
 
 LENNERHASSETT, HON. HARMAN, was 
 born in Hampshire, England, in 1767. He was 
 descended from a noble Irish family, and his 
 parents were in England on a visit at the time of 
 his birth. He was thoroughly educated, and grew 
 up an accomplished and scholarly gentleman. 
 At the death of his father he inherited a large estate, but 
 he became politically involved in the troubles of Ireland, 
 and disposed of it, taking up his residence in England. 
 Here he married into a family of distinction, his wife being 
 Margaret Agnew, daughter of the Lieutenant-Governor of 
 the Isle of Man. Being too free in the expression of his 
 republican views, he found it advisable to leave England. 
 He arrived in New York in 1797, where his wealth and 
 social position brought him at once into prominence. His 
 stay in New York was brief, as he departed for Marietta, 
 and arrived in the same year. He soon after purchased a 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP-EDIA. 
 
 173 
 
 plnntation on an '^lantl in the Ohio river, since famous as 
 “ Blennerhasselt’s Llancl.” Upon this island he spent 
 considerable sums in improvements, and lived a life of 
 elegance. He was a man of literary tastes, and a fine 
 musician. He was a very hospitable neighbor, and kind 
 and charitable to the unfortunate. The splendors of his 
 home and the delightful features of the social life, of which 
 he was the brilliant centre, have been celebrated in prose 
 and verse. In 1805 Aaron Burr visited the island and 
 first met the owner. The great intriguer opened his 
 dazzling southwestern scheme, and from that moment the 
 proprietor was doomed. He became involved in the 
 “ Burr Conspiracy,” his beautiful home was invaded by 
 armed men, and his family subjected to insult. The 
 property was much damaged. The owner was tried for 
 treason, but was acquitted. This was only the beginning 
 of a long succession of troubles ; misfortune followed upon 
 misfortune, and he died in poveity, in the island of 
 Guernsey, in 1831. His accomplished wife survived him 
 eleven years, dying iii New York, in 1842. Not a vestige 
 remains of their once happy home. 
 
 the old law, and during the late war was Hospital .Surgeon 
 at Camp Dennison. O.i the 12th of October, 1S75, he was 
 elected as a Republican to the State Legislature of Ohio. 
 He has at all times been closely identified with educational 
 matters, and has been a faithful advocate for the cause of 
 temperance, having at no period of his life imbibed liquor 
 as a beverage. Thirty-nine years of incessant labor at his 
 profession has not impaired either his physical or mental 
 energies. During his practice some of the ablest and most 
 successful physicians of Hamilton county have studied under 
 his supervision. He was married January 3d, 1833, to 
 Rachel McGee Wilson, who died June 29th, 1839. He af- 
 terwards married Catherine V. Cosbey, in November, 
 1840, who died May 3d, 1859. On April loth, 1S60, he 
 was married to Sarepta Robinson, widow of Samuel Slaback. 
 In 1S75, having sold their property in the town of Mont- 
 gomery, Sycamore township, Hamilton county, Ohio, they 
 purchased a comfortable residence in the town of Madeira, 
 Columbia township, where they hope to spend the remain- 
 der of their lives. 
 
 .LYLOR, JOHN E., M. D., was born February 15th, 
 lSo 3 , in Bourbon county, Kentucky, near Cynthi- 
 ana. Of a family of ten children he was the 
 eighth. He was the son of Ralph and Nancy 
 (Stewart) Naylor, both natives of Cumberland 
 county, Pennsylvania, who, after a residence of 
 many years in that county, emigrated to Kentucky, where 
 his mother died. His father being a man of strong anti- 
 slavery opinions, and opplosed to raising his family in a slave 
 State, came to Ohio and settled in Clermont county, where 
 he lived until his death, which occurred August 25th, 1827. 
 The early life of John E. Naylor was passed at hard work 
 on his father’s farm, and his education was obtained at in- 
 tervals in attending the ordinary country schools in the 
 vicinity. At the age of seventeen he began learning the 
 trade of tanner at New Richmond, Ohio, which he diligently 
 pursued till he was twenty-one years of age, when, on ac- 
 count of impaired health, he was obliged to abandon it. 
 He now devoted himself to study, and succeeding in quali- 
 fying himself, he beg.in, in 1831, teaching school, and 
 during the intervals of his labor attended a course of study 
 at Lane Seminary, preparatory to the reading of medicine, 
 which he had selected as a profession. Soon after he en- 
 tered the Ohio Medical College, anrl graduated from that 
 institution in 1836, and the following summer commenced 
 practice with Dr. Duncan, at Montgomery, Hamilton county, 
 Ohio. In the fall of the same year. Dr. Duncan having 
 been elected to Congress, transferred his practice to Dr. 
 Naylor, who has continued the duties of his profession in 
 Montgomery and the adjoining counties, up to the present 
 lime. For several years he was Surgeon of Militia, under 
 
 ^LOWERS, JOAB R., M. D., was born in New 
 Lisbon, Ohio, July 25th, 1836. His father, origi- 
 nally a Methodist preacher, was in later years en- 
 gaged in the practice of allopathic medicine in 
 Perry county, Ohio. He was educated at the 
 Ohio Wesleyan University, in Delaware, Ohio, 
 and commenced the study of medicine under the guidance 
 ^ of his father in 1853. In 1855 he attended a course of lec- 
 tures in the Starling Medical College, and subsequently en- 
 tered the office of Professor J. W. Hamilton, in order to 
 study surgery. In August, 1857, he was appointed Apothe- 
 cary of the Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, which office he 
 ; retained until, in 1859, he received the appointment of As- 
 j sistant Physician to the Ohio Penitentiary, under Dr. J. W- 
 I Hamilton. In the following year. Dr. D. R. Kinsell, a 
 ] homoeopathic physician, was appointed successor to Dr. 
 
 ! Hamilton, while he was retained and placed in charge of 
 ^ the surgical department. He then availed himself of the 
 favorable opportunity thus presenting itself for the thorough 
 \ investigation of the new system, and was soon convinced of 
 ' its great superiority over the allo])athic practice of medicine. 
 He remained at the hospital with Dr. Kinsell for two years. 
 In 1861 he graduated at the Western Homoeopathic College, 
 ; in Cleveland, Ohio, and in the following February entered 
 ! on the general practice of his profession in conjunction with 
 Dr. Kinsell. Two years later he was professionally engaged 
 alone. In 1872 he foioned a partnership with Dr. A. O. 
 Blair, a well-known western pioneer of the Hahnemann 
 school. He served one week during the war of the rebel- 
 lion. At the present lime he is a member of the City 
 Council of Columbus, was elected President of the Homneo- 
 pathic Slate Medical Society in 1875, nominated 
 
174 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 for the office of State Legislator by the Republican party of 
 Franklin county in 1875. married in l86j to 
 
 Louisa R. Conners, the daughter of an old-school physician. 
 
 •TEWART, GILBERT HOLLAND, Lawyer, was 
 born at Boston, Massachusetts, on the 15th of 
 March, 1847. He is of New England stock as 
 well as of New England birth, both his father and 
 his mother having been natives of the State of 
 Maine. His father was engaged in mercantile 
 pursuits, and in 1851 removed with his family to East Cam- 
 bridge, Massachusetts. At that time Gilbert was four years 
 old, and shortly afterwards he commenced going to Putnam 
 school. When he was thirteen years of age he entered the 
 Cambridge High School. His course of study there occu- 
 pied four years, and at the end of that time he left the High 
 School and entered Harvard College in the class of 1868. 
 He studied at the college until the year 1867, and then en- 
 tered the Harvard Law School, and was a student there for 
 a period of six months. Leaving school now, he went to 
 Gallon, Ohio, where he arrived on the 19th of [tily, 1867, 
 and hegan the study of law in the office of H. C. Carhart. 
 He studied with Mr. Carhart until May 5th, 1869, and then 
 was admitted as a member of the bar at Columbus, Ohio. 
 He remained at Gabon, in the practice of his profession, 
 until .Ypril 15th, 1873, practising alone. Then he removed 
 to Columbus, and there formed a partnershi|r with R. P. 
 Woodruff, which partnership still continues. In politics he 
 is a Republican. He was married, June 22d, 1875, to 
 Clara L. Ogden, daughter of Professor John Ogden, of 
 AVorthington, Ohio. 
 
 TEVENSON, ROBERT W., Superintendent of 
 Public Schools of Columbus, Ohio, was born near 
 Zanesville in the same State, July 1st, 1S33, de- 
 scending from Scotch ancestry. His father was 
 by occupation a farmer, and his mother was the 
 daughter of a Reformed Presbyterian clergyman. 
 He was prepared for college by his grandfather, and gradu- 
 ated with distinction from Madison College, Antrim, Ohio, 
 in 1854, after pursuing a very thorough and comprehensive 
 course of study. Upon leaving this institution he com- 
 menced the study of law, engaging at the same time in 
 teaching school. In 1855, before he had completed his law 
 course, he was appointed Superintendent of Public Schools 
 of Dresden, and continued in this position until 1S60, when 
 he was appointed to the same office at Norwalk, Ohio, 
 which he held for eleven years. In July, 1871, he was ten- 
 dered the position of Superintendent of Public .Schools at 
 the State capital, accepted it, and entered at once upon its 
 duties, which he still fulfils. He has been both Treasurer 
 and President of the Ohio .State Teachers’ Association, as 
 
 well as Secretary of the National Association of Superin- 
 tendents. Mr. Stevenson is a man of rare culture, and has 
 ail the qualifications necessary to take rank as a leading 
 educator. For twenty years he has devoted his attention 
 to the improvement of the systems for popular instruction, 
 and in that time has accomplished reforms and developed 
 methods of such practical utility as to merit the esteem of 
 the public wherever his name is mentioned. Since his ad- 
 vent to the superintendency of schools at Columbus, they 
 have been placed in a flourishing condition, and individu- 
 ally, or as parts of a general system, they receive the highest 
 commendation of all who take a deep interest in the cause 
 of popular instruction. Mr. Stevenson is well and honora- 
 bly known to all the leaders in this cause, not only in his 
 own State, but through the country at large, and his voice is 
 potential in the important proceedings of the State Teachers’ 
 as well as the National Superintendents’ Associations. In 
 1856 he was married to Rebecca McConnell. 
 
 NDREWS, WILLIAM IL, Merchant, of Cincin- 
 nati, was born in Youngsville, Warren county, 
 Pennsylvania, January 14th, 1840, being the son 
 of Dr. J. Andrews, who settled in Pennsylvania 
 at an early age. William H. left his home at the 
 age of fourteen years, and went to Jamestown, 
 New York, where he obtained a clerkship in the dry-goods 
 store of Will & Stevens, where he remained until 1861. 
 He then returned to Pennsylvania, and engaged on his own 
 account in the same line of business, and soon after opened 
 a branch store at Akron, Ohio. In 1865 he sold his inter- 
 ests in Ohio, and concentrated them in the oil region of 
 Pennsylvania, and there did a very large and lucrative busi- 
 ness; and in 1870 he opened a wholesale and retail dry- 
 goods house in Titusville, the metropolis of the oil country. 
 About the same time that Mr. Andrews commenced busi- 
 ness in Titusville, the oil excitement was running high, 
 which caused the emigration to the place of first-class citizens, 
 and his success was far beyond his expectation. He re- 
 mained there until 1S73, when the oil interests of the place 
 were no longer an inducement for him to remain, and in the 
 fall of 1S73 he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, and purchased 
 the business and stock of Messrs. Johnson & Co., Nos. 76 
 and 78 West P'ourth street. Prior to the time that Mr. 
 Andrews took charge of the' house it had not been very 
 prosperous, but is now the leading dry-goods house in the 
 city, and doing, with perhaps one or two exceptions, the 
 largest business west of the Alleghenies, hlr. Andrews’ 
 store is 75 feet wide by 150 in depth, with salesrooms on 
 three floors, and the services of 150 hands are required to 
 run the house. Although this house is literally alive with 
 customers from top to bottom and from morning until night, 
 none are suffered to go away dissatisfied, peace and har- 
 mony being one of the supports of the institution. Besides 
 
1 
 
^ctXaxyPid> Qj PhiLad‘^ 
 
r.IOGRAPIIICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 this store, Mr. Andrews has a branch house at Nos. 506, 
 50S and 5 10 Vine street, which is almost as large as his 
 Fourth street house. This one requires the services of 
 seventy-five hands. Mr. Andrews was thrown upon his own 
 resources at an early age. Possibly the trials of youth de- 
 veloped the character of the future man. At all events his 
 business capacity was soon made known. While he has 
 been unremitting in his attention to business, and quick to 
 perceive the wants of the public, he has always maintained 
 a quiet demeanor. Ilis private character is exemplary, and 
 in point of business integrity the record of none stands 
 higher. Mr. Andrews was married, October 2d, 1S62, to 
 Rose, daughter of Jrmes IE Eddy, Esq., of Warren, 
 Warren county, Pennsylvania, by whom three children have 
 been born, all living. ' 
 
 T' ING, EDWARD, Lawyer, was born e city 
 of New' York, in March, 1795, ■'"id w-as the fourth 
 son of Rufus King, the distinguished statesman 
 and Senator. In the year 1815 he settled him- 
 self at Chillicothe, in the practice of his profession, 
 and was noted for his eloquence at the bar and 
 in politics. He was for many years in the Senate and 
 House of Representatives of Ohio, and Speaker of the 
 latter body. In 1831 he removed to Cincinnati, where he 
 died February 6th, 1836. 
 
 y'TfM ALEXANDER, Pioneer and Farmer, was 
 
 Cl I I county, Ohio, January loth, 1803. 
 
 /Ill His father, a native of Virginia, and a farmer, set- 
 (-■ tied in Ohio in 1802. His mother was a member 
 
 of a family w'hich found a home in Kentucky at a 
 very early day. His early education, of a very 
 limited kind, was obtained in a country school, and during 
 winter evenings. While quite young he assisted in the 
 krbor of the farm, and for many years was thus constantly 
 employed. Through the winters of 1837-3S-39-40 he was 
 engaged in a flour mill, and in the latter year moved to 
 Logan, Ohio. Here he w'as elected Justice of the Peace, 
 and served for three years. In 1843 he w'as elected County 
 Auditor, and performed the duties of that office for five con- 
 secutive terms, of two years each. Through these years he 
 retained also his position as Justice of the Peace. In 1851 
 he was elected to the .State Board of Equalization, and was 
 re-elected to the same office in 1858 and in 1869. In 1852 
 he purchased a farm near I.ogan, and has since continued to 
 reside on it, and to superintend its management. In 1873 
 he was elected to serve on the Constitutional Convention. 
 One of the oldest inhabitants of this section of the State, his 
 memory is a perfect storehouse of interesting and valuable 
 data concerning its history and development, and through- 
 out his town and the environing region he is revered and 
 
 17s 
 
 esteemed for his man.y sterling characteristics. Politically 
 he is a Democrat, and in 1824 cast his vote for Cl.ay. Al- 
 though he is known as a Democrat, he nevertheless enjoys 
 the confidence of the leading Republicans of Hocking 
 county — in fact, of the entire Congressional District at large, 
 as a reliable and well-meaning public gentleman. He was 
 married in March, 1823,10 Sarah Friend, w'ho died October 
 4th, 1S64. He was again married, December ayih, 1864, 
 to Mrs. Sarah Payne. 
 
 EMANN, JOSEPH ANTHONY, Banker, (for- 
 merly prominent Gennan-American Publisher,) 
 W'as born in the town of Oesede, near the city of 
 Osnabriick, in the late kingdom of Hanover, De- 
 cember 13th, 1816. Destined by his parents for the 
 church, he made his studies at the “ Gynnnasiitta 
 Carolintim," founded by Charlemagne, in the year 808, in 
 the city of Osnabriick — one of the most celebrated colleges 
 of Germany — where he acquired a thorough knowledge of 
 the Latin, Greek, French, and English languages, mathe- 
 matics, and history (both secular and church). The young 
 student, however, did not relish the idea of finishing liis 
 theological studies, and notified his parents accordingly. 
 Having read American history, he became thoroughly im- 
 bued w'ith a love for freedom and republican institutions. 
 “ We Germans,” said he afterw'ards, in an oration delivered 
 July 4th, 1844, “have learned in the land of our fathers 
 only to obey. We had no pow'er to decide our own good, 
 our own w elfare. For the love of freedom we left the land 
 of our birth, friends, relatives, all that was dear to us, to 
 gather here, in a strange country, the fruits of liberty, so 
 magnanimously offered to the oppressed of all the world. 
 It is our special duty to make ourselves acquainted with the 
 language, the law's and the institutions of this our self- 
 chosen new home.” This desire for freedom, coupled with 
 romantic ideas of the adventurous life of the early pioneers 
 of America, the imagination of which is generally more 
 brightly colored than the reality afterwards proves to be, 
 left him no rest at home, and he made his parents acquainted 
 with his intention to emigrate across the Atlantic. They, 
 however, tried to persuade their son to remain with them, 
 and choose some other vocation, but his mind was fixed, and 
 he carried his inclinations into effect by severing the ties 
 which bound him to the land of his ancestors. On May 1st, 
 1837, he embarked at the harbor of Bremer-Haven and 
 sailed for fair Columbia’s shores. After a tedious and stormy 
 voyage the ship “P'avorite” entered the Chesapeake Bay 
 early in July of the same year, and on the 3d of that month 
 dropped anchor in the harbor of Baltimore, where she had to 
 lay for quarantine duties until July 5th. On board the sliip 
 the German emigrants witnessed for the first time the celebra- 
 tion of the birthday of this republic, and their hearts throbbed 
 when they beheld the decorated and illuminated city in the 
 distance, which they w'ere not allowed to enter and share in 
 
176 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 the joyful proceedings. The next day they landed. Mr. 
 Ilemann, who brought with him prominent credentials to 
 Professor Beleke, paid a visit to him, when the professor 
 advised him to go to Cincinnati, where he might complete 
 his studies at the “Athenreum,” the Catholic seminary of 
 the diocese — now the St. Xavier College. Having, how- 
 ever, no further means, Mr. Hemann had to work a month 
 on the canal, near Hagerstown, Maryland, to earn sufficient 
 money to enable him to make the journey. After that 
 period he joined an emigrant-train of large mountain- 
 wagons, and in their company crossed the Alleghanies, and 
 traveled on the National Ro.ad to Wheeling. Being the 
 only one in the company who could speak the English lan- 
 guage, Mr. Hemann had to act as interpreter for the rest, 
 and buy the provisions for them, for which he was held in 
 high estimation by his companions. After a prolonged 
 voyage, which to the young tr.aveller was highly interesting, 
 as he was enabled to study the romantic scenery and the 
 people of the country through which they travelled, he 
 landed safely in the port of the “ Queen City of the West,” 
 on the 7th of October, 1837, buoyant with bright spirit, and 
 a good, cheerful outlook for the future. Provided with 
 letters of credence which Professor Beleke had given him to 
 Dr. Joshua Young, afterwards Bishop of Erie, then prefect 
 at the Athenaeum, he was welcomed at the seminary, where 
 he continued his studies till he followed a call of the Rev. 
 Ferdinand Kuehr (whose acquaintance he made at the 
 Athenaeum), as teacher of the Catholic p.arochial school in 
 Canton, Ohio, where he remained about a year and a half. 
 He then returned to Cincinnati and took charge of the new 
 German Catholic school in the upper portion of the city, 
 which he opened in the large hall of the then “ Rising-Sun” 
 tavern, on the corner of Main and Thirteenth streets. This 
 school became the nucleus of the second German Catholic 
 congregation of Cincinnati, which in the next year founded 
 the .St. Mary’s Church, at the corner of Thirteenth and Clay 
 streets. In Cincinnati, at that time, the question of intro- 
 ducing the German lg,nguage as a regular branch of instruc- 
 tion in the public schools was agitated with great vehemence, 
 and after a severe struggle the Legislature of Ohio passed a 
 law, making it the duty of the trustees of the common 
 schools of Cincinnati to have that language taught in the 
 schools under their care. Accordingly an examination for 
 teachership was advertised, and among the several candi- 
 dates that passed successfully, and received certificates, was 
 also Mr. Hemann. The celebrated German traveller, 
 Frederick Gei-stsecker, made his examination at the same 
 time, and had it not been for his inherent impulse, which 
 drove him from place to place, according to his motto, 
 ‘‘Rast' ich, so rost' ich !" (If I rest, I will rust 1 ), he might 
 have lost himself in the school-room of a Cincinnati school, 
 and the world would now be minus his numerous and valu- 
 able writings. Mr. Hemann shortly afterwards received his 
 appointment, and accordingly began the organization of the 
 first public German- English school in America — 1840. 
 
 Differing, however, from the majority of the school trustees, 
 who endeavored to squelch the efficiency of the whole sys- 
 tem, he resigned in July, 1841, when the celebrated Germ.an- 
 English school struggle ensued, which caused great commo- 
 tion in the then quiet annals of the city. The Germans 
 withdrew their children from the public schools, and organ- 
 ized schools of their own, and Mr. Hemann was appointed 
 Principal. The differences between Mr. Hemann and the 
 Germans on the one part, and of the school-trustees on the 
 other, were : the Germans insisted upon a system of com- 
 parative education, whilst the board wanted separate in- 
 structions. The Germans kept up their own schools until 
 the next year, when they induced the majority of the trustees 
 to modify their system, and adopt that of comparative tui- 
 tion. Mr. Hemann, however, quit the public schools, and 
 went back again to the principalship of the St. Mary’s 
 school. Here he remained for five or six years, during 
 which period he also kept an evening school, in which class 
 several of the now most prominent citizens of Cincinnati, 
 such as Uncle Joe Siefert, John H. Koehnken, and others, 
 were then sitting to study their English. He then became 
 tired of the schoolmaster’s “ bacillus,” and opened a dry- 
 goods store on Main street, opposite Twelfth street, which, 
 in 1848, he removed to the corner of Linn and Laurel 
 streets. Here he made the acquaintance of a prominent 
 literary gentleman, who animated Mr. Hemann not to bury 
 his talents in a dry-goods shelf, but to go into the literary 
 pursuit, and while on a journey to his native country in the 
 summer of 1850, subject to his instruction by letter, the 
 Wahrheitsfreund, the first German Catholic newspaper in 
 the United States, was purchased for him. He then hastened 
 home and took the publishing of the paper in his own hand ; 
 and on the 12th of October, 1850, he began the publication 
 of the Cincinnati Daily Volksfireund, one of the principal 
 German daily newspapers of the country. Originally neutral 
 in politics, it afterwards, when the Demokratisches Toge- 
 blatt, one of the organs of the Democratic party, ceased to 
 exist, and when the Volksblatt went over to the Republican 
 party, became the leading German Democratic paper of 
 Ohio. Mr. Hemann was, however, veiy conservative in his 
 views, and when, in 1863, the waves of political agitation 
 ran high, which towered in the nomination of Clement L. 
 Vallandigham, then an exile in Canada, for governor of 
 Ohio, he declined to advocate Vallandigham’s election in 
 his paper. This caused a spirit of opposition among his 
 subscribers, which led Mr. Hemann to dispose of his in- 
 terest in the Volksfireund, and to retire from a long and 
 eventful literary career, in which he had been prominently 
 successful. Being yet in the prime of his life,'he did not 
 want to withdraw from business altogether, and therefore, 
 in lS 65 , embarked in the life of a banker, in which he is at 
 present still successfully engaged. Mr. Hemann has also 
 been very active in the fostering of charitable and educa- 
 tional institutions in Cincinnati. In 1840, when German 
 books were very scarce in this city, he was the first mover 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 177 
 
 for the organization of a library society, the “ Schul und 
 Lese Verein,” which was in successful operation for many 
 years, and has laid the foundation for many of our best edu- 
 cated citizens. The founding of the Catholic Institute, in 
 which magnificent building — one of the chief ornaments of 
 our city — is the “ Grand Opera House,” and the “ Mozart 
 Concert-Hall,” was prominently the work of Mr. Hemann. 
 He was also one of the first projectors of the ‘‘ German 
 Pioneer Society,” of this city, and the first man to urge the 
 publication of the historic monthly magazine, the Deutsche 
 Pionier, published by this society, of which he edited the 
 first volume. He was married at Canton, Stark county, 
 Ohio, on the 28th of January, 1839, to Ann Margaret, 
 daughter of John B. Deville, who emigrated from Hachy, 
 Province Luxembourg, Belgium, 1831. Their happy union 
 was blessed with eleven children — six sons and five 
 daughters, and seventeen grandchildren, five of the children 
 being married at the present time, January, 1S76. 
 
 PROAT, COLONEL EBENEZER, was born in 
 Middleborough, Massachusetts, in 1752; received 
 a good education, including a knowledge of sur- 
 veying, and, after service in the revolutionary 
 war, was appointed Surveyor for Rhode Island, 
 in the territory northwest of the Ohio. From the 
 Indians he received the name of “ Hetout,” or “ Big Buck- 
 eye,” in token of their admiration of his commanding 
 figure. This is said to have given rise to the name “ Buck- 
 eye,” as applied to nativ'es of Ohio. By Governor St. Clair 
 he was appointed first Sheriff of Washington county. Dur- 
 ing the Indian troubles he was conspicuous in organizing 
 militia. In later life he followed farming. He married 
 Catherine, daughter of Commodore Abraham Whipple. 
 He died very suddenly in February, 1805. 
 
 
 f 
 
 Cl ||^jot>MER, RICH.\RD C., City Clerk of Cincinnati, 
 was born in Philadelphia, on the 6lh of April, 
 1838. He is of Swiss descent, his parents having 
 been natives of Switzerland, who emigrated to 
 this country, and settled in Philadelphia in the 
 year 1832. He received his education in the 
 public schools of Philadelphia, and in 1854 he left school 
 and engaged as salesman and bookkeeper in a grocery store 
 in that city. Two years later, in 1856, he removed from 
 Philadelphia to Cincinnati, and there became salesman and 
 bookkeeper in a leading boot and shoe house. He con- 
 tinued in that position until June, i 857 > wh.en he gave up 
 the quiet of the counting-house for the excitement of “ rail- 
 roading.” The panic came, and Western railroad enter- 
 prises felt it heavily. He thereupon gave up his new call- 
 23 
 
 ing, and sought after and obtained a position in the office 
 of the United States Marshal. There he rose to the posi- 
 tion of Chief Deputy Marshal, and in that position he re- 
 mained until the year 1863. At that time he left the mar- 
 shal’s office, and entered the office of the Auditor of 
 Hamilton county as a deputy. He left there in the follow- 
 ing year, and went to California. In January of the 
 following year he returned from the Pacific coast, and went 
 to Philadelphia. He obtained a clerkship there, and con- 
 tinued to fulfil its duties until 1S67, and then he went again 
 to Cincinnati. There he entered the office of the Clerk of 
 the United States Court, and remained there until the l6th 
 of April, 1S74. At that time he w'as elected to the position 
 of City Clerk, for a term of two years. In all the posi- 
 tions he has held, he has devoted his entire energies to the 
 proper performance of his duties, and has won his way thus 
 far in life by the sheer force of his energy and faithful per- 
 severance. He was married, on the toth of May, 1859, to 
 Mary B. Brinkmann, of Cincinnati, a woman of strong 
 energy, who has, by her warm and judicious support of her 
 husband’s enterprises, aided in no small degree in his ad- 
 vancement. 
 
 lESER, FREDERIC, Editor and Banker, w^as born 
 in Wolfenbiittel, Brunswick, October 15th, 1S17. 
 He is the son of John Jacob Fieser and Augusta 
 Fieser. Pie received his education at the Wolfen- 
 biittel schools and Brunswick College, in his 
 native place. His mother dying when he was 
 quite young, his home possessed no longer its former attrac- 
 tions, and in 1836, while in his nineteenth year, he emi- 
 grated to America, landing in Baltimore, Maryland. There 
 he remained about one year, engaged during that time in 
 the sale of pianos. In 1839 he moved to the West, and 
 desiring to hold a situation where his natural talents and 
 attainments would find a proper sphere for exercise and de- 
 velopment, attached himself to the Oh/e Eagle, a German 
 newspaper, published in Lancaster, Ohio. In 1841 that 
 journal was moved to Columbus, and in the following year, 
 retiring from its editorship, he became editor of the Volks- 
 blatl, a paper of great influence, published in Cincinnati. 
 In September, 1843, in conjunction with Mr. Reinliard, he 
 started in Columbus the IVestbote, also a German ])aper, 
 which has had a highly successful career. Independent in 
 politics, the IVestbote has succeeded, by its honesty of pur- 
 pose, by the reliability of its varied information, and through 
 the excellence of its matter, in securing a foremost jilace 
 among the many journals of this section, and, as a iirofitable 
 investment of its kind during an extended period of time in 
 the State capital, stands confessedly alone. A pajrer that has 
 enjoyed a prosperous career of thirty-two years testifies suf- 
 ficiently, without the need of other testimony, to the business 
 capacity of its conductor. In 1868 he became a member of 
 the banking-firm of Reinhard & Co. He has been so com- 
 
178 
 
 BIOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOr^DIA. 
 
 pletely engrossed in his journalistic labors that he has been 
 able to give, comparatively speaking, but little time to the 
 performance of puldic duties. For nine years, however, he 
 has been a member of the City School Board, and for six 
 years, from 1865, held by election its presidency. He is a 
 stockholder in several of the manufacturing enterprises of 
 Columbus, and, in various ways, is identified with the busi- 
 ness interests of the city. He was married, June 25th, 1845, 
 to Louisa Schode, a resident of Dayton, Ohio, who had emi- 
 grated from Neuwied, Germany, to this country. His 
 jjresent family consists of one son and one daughter. 
 
 
 V 
 
 ^?^^AFT, HON. CHARI.es BHELPS, Lawyer, wa 
 born in Cincinnati, Ohio, December 21st, 1843 
 He attended the common schools in his native 
 city, and also the Woodward High School. He 
 then became a student in Yale College, and grad- 
 uated from that institution in 1864. Subse- 
 quently he attended the law school at Columbia College, 
 whence he graduated in 1866. In the following May he 
 was admitted to the bar in Cincinnati, Ohio, and at once 
 entered on the practice of his profession, in which he was 
 engaged until October of the same year. He afterward 
 pursued an additional course of studies at the University of 
 Berlin, Prussia, and from this institution passed, in March, 
 1867, to the Heidelberg University, Germany, where, in the 
 following December, he took the degree of J. U. D. After 
 spending the ensuing year in Paris, P'rance, he made the 
 tour of Italy, and finally returned to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 
 October, 1869. He was then successively associated in 
 partnership, for the practice of law, with Murray C. .Shoe- 
 maker and Hon. Edward P'. Noyes. In the fall of 1871 he 
 was elected by the Republicans to the State Legislature for 
 two years, and served as Chairman of the Committee on 
 Common Schools. While acting with that body, he ren- 
 dered valuable service in the codification and enactment of 
 the existing system of the school laws of Ohio. In the fall 
 of 1872 he was nominated to fill the vacancy in Congress 
 caused by the resignation of Hon. Aaron F. Perry, but 
 failed to secure an election. He had previously, in lanuary, 
 of the same year, formed a copartnership with his father, 
 Hon. Alphonso Taft, widely known as an eminent jurist, 
 and since that date has remained an active member of the 
 law-firm of A. Taft & Sons. He was one of the originators 
 of the Zoological Garden of Cincinnati, and is now one of 
 its directors. In March, 1875, became one of the pro- 
 prietors of The Cincitinati Volksblatt, a German newspajrer 
 of influence and merit. Fortunate in having secured not 
 only a thorough elementary education, but also an excellent 
 subsequent training at home and abroad, he has made a 
 wise and profitable use of his abilities and attainments, and 
 by rendering them subservient to his own welfare and the 
 improvement of the community amid which he is a valued 
 
 member, has deservedly secured a high and hor.or.able posi- 
 tion in professional and in social circles as well. Fully 
 awake to the importance of obtaining worthy men in office, 
 he watches with keen interest the events of the hour, and 
 denounces or supports in accordance with the knowledge 
 and views which he brings to bear upon men and measures. 
 He was married, December 4th, 1873, to Anna Sinton, 
 daughter of David Sinton, an influential and honored citizen 
 of Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 UTCHINS, ROBERT GROSVENOR, Pastor of 
 the First Congregational Church of Columbus, 
 Ohio, was born, April 25th, 1838, at West Killingly, 
 Connecticut, descending from English and Scotch 
 ancestry. His preliminary studies were pursued 
 at Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts, 
 and at Williams College, while his professional course was 
 divided between Union and Andover Theological Semina- 
 ries. He commenced his ministerial labors at Fitchburg, 
 Massachusetts, but after a little more than a year, assumed 
 the pastorate of the Bedford Congregational Church, Brook- 
 lyn, New York. Here he remained for seven years, and 
 then (October 27th, 1872) entered upon the pastorate of the 
 P'irst Congregational Church of Columbus, Ohio, the position 
 which he still occupies. Mr. Hutchins has been very suc- 
 cessful in his ministerial work, and has established his repu- 
 tation as a learned and eloquent divine. He has won the 
 love and affection of his congregation by his sincere regard 
 for their spiritual as well as temporal welfare, and by his 
 gifts as a pulpit orator. Few men in the clerical profession 
 in Ohio stand higher in public estimation than does Rev. 
 Mr. Hutchins. He was married on November 27th, 1862, 
 to Harriet P. James, of West Killingly, Connecticut. 
 
 ARROWS, REV. ELIJAH PORTER, Professor 
 of Hebrew Language and Literature in Oberlin 
 Theological Seminary, Ohio, was born, Januaiy 
 5th, 1805, in Mansfield, Connecticut, his parents 
 having been Nathan and Sophia (Hanks) Bar- 
 rows. He was prepared for a collegiate course 
 of study in Baltimore, and entered Y’ale, from which he 
 graduated in 1826. Upon leaving college he went to Hart- 
 ford, Connecticut, where he became Principal of the Hartford 
 Grammar School, and in that capacity employed himself 
 from 1826 to 1831. He was ordained to the ministry in 
 June, 1832, and during the years 1835-6 was Pastor of the 
 First Free Presbyterian Church of New' York city. In 1837 
 he was elected to the Chair of Sacred Literature in the 
 Western Reserve College, and filled this professorship until 
 1852. He became Professor of Hebrew Language and 
 Literature in Andover Theological Seminary in 1853, and 
 remained as such until 1866. In 1872 he w'as chosen to fill 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 179 
 
 the same professorship in Oberlin Theological Seminary, 
 and in this capacity is still connected with that institution. 
 Mr. Barrows -takes rank among the eminent theological 
 professors of the day, and is without a superior in the 
 knowledge and interpretation of the Hebrew language. 
 He is learned in all that relates to sacred geography, sacred 
 literature and the anti(|uities of those lands which were the 
 scenes of the events spoken of in the Old and New Testa- 
 ments. In addition to being a graceful writer upon theo- 
 logical and historical subjects, he is an effective speaker, 
 with the rare power of holding the attention of those whom 
 he may be addressing. He completed the “ Commentary” 
 of the American Tract Society, New York, which, by the 
 death of Dr. Justin Edwards, was left unfinished, and is 
 the author of a “ Companion to the Bible,” a work on 
 ” Sacred Geography and Antiquities,” a “ Memoir of Rev. 
 Everton Judson,” and some smaller works. He is one of 
 the most influential and learned members of the faculty 
 of Oberlin College, and has the affection of its students as 
 he has the admiration and esteem of all who know him. 
 Two of his sons served in the Union army during the recent 
 rebellion, one remaining four years in the Army of the Poto- 
 mac, and the other three years in the Army of the Cumber- 
 land. He was married March 9th, 1829, to Sarah Maria Lee, 
 of Hartford, Connecticut, by whom he had ten children, all 
 but one surviving. 
 
 (3 
 
 i-JS: 
 
 ia Ip/^OG.VN, THOMAS A., Attorney-at-Law, was born 
 r yJI G in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, January 25th, 
 cDr 1829. His father was C. A. Logan, an actor 
 
 (n, who not only obtained great celebrity as a com- 
 
 <0^^ edian, but also acquired an enviable reputation in 
 Europe and America as an author and poet. 
 Eliza Logan, sister of Thomas, was a tragedienne who was 
 recognized in the United States as among the finest 
 actresses who ever appeared upon the stage. His brother, 
 C. A. Logan, is a physician who has much prominence as 
 a writer upon medical and scientific subjects, and is at pres- 
 ent the United States Minister to Chili, South America. 
 He has other sisters who have made themselves favorably 
 known in literature. The family, therefore, has become 
 celebrated, as a family, for its intellectual ability. Thomas 
 A. Logan was intended by his parents for commercial pur- 
 suits, but being called as a witness before the Hon. Thomas 
 M. Key, Judge of the Commercial Court of Cincinnati, that 
 gentleman was so struck by the clearness and logical pre- 
 cision of the boy’s evidence that he induced his parents to 
 forego their resolution and to put him to the law. Accord- 
 ingly he was entered as the student of Hon. T. Walker, 
 then the leading lawyer of Cincinnati. Mr. Logan was ad- 
 mitted to the bar April 9th, 1851. He at once took a 
 prominent position. In the next ye.ir he was elected As- 
 sistant City Solicitor, and held the office two terms. He 
 was then elected Prosecuting Attorney of the city, and upon 
 
 vacating this position returned to private practice. In 
 October, 1855, he was admitted to the local Federal Courts, 
 and in 1868 to the Supreme Court of the United States. In 
 each tribunal his very marked ability and refined deport- 
 ment won for him the admiration and esteem of bench and 
 bar. His practice is varied and extensive. As a great 
 criminal lawyer he has achieved renown and success, not 
 only in Ohio, but in most of the Western States. It is in 
 this class of cases that his astonishing power as a jury law- 
 yer is best displayed. His varied talents, broad learning, 
 keen perceptions and scope of eloquence render him almost 
 irresistible as an advocate ; and there are but fe\v causes 
 celebre tried in the West wherein he is not retained. He 
 devotes himself chiefly, however, to important civil ques- 
 tions, the law of corporations and of insurance receiving 
 his greatest attention. Mr. Logan was an early and per- 
 sistent advocate of codification in Ohio, and since its adop- 
 tion has been closely identified with all movements to 
 secure thorough and lasting legal reforms. He is a Dem- 
 ocrat in politics, and in all strongly contested campaigns his 
 services are invariably demanded by his party. His gifts 
 of oratory make him as popular on the stump as he is 
 effective in court, and prove him to be an invaluable ally. 
 He has been offered the nomination of his party for Con- 
 gress, or as one of the Judges of the Superior Court, but 
 has declined any political preferment, believing that he has 
 no right to abandon the important interests which his 
 clients have committed to his care. Being in the prime of 
 life, in the front rank of American lawyers, known at home 
 and abroad, and admired wherever known, hisTriends in- 
 dulge the most exalted expectations of his future. 
 
 EEDS, LEARNER B., Editor, was born in Cler- 
 mont county, Ohio, on the 20th of July, 1816, of 
 mixed English and German ancestry. Like a 
 very large proportion of our self-made men, he 
 passed his early years on a farm and in the train- 
 ing-school of poverty and hard work. Until he 
 was nearly eighteen years of age he labored as a farmer’s 
 boy, and during those years his educational opportunities 
 consisted for the most part of winter terms at the district 
 school. From two to three months each year he was at 
 liberty to go to school ; and, in addition to that, he studied 
 at night and at such times beside as he could be spared 
 from the farm work. In the year 1834 all this came to an 
 end— farm work and attendance at the district school. In 
 that year he was apprenticed to learn the printer’s trade, serv- 
 ing his apprenticeship under the late Governor Samuel Me- 
 dary, who then published the Clermont Sicn. During his ap- 
 prenticeship he served as assistant editor of the Sun, and dur- 
 ing a portion of the time did duty as sole editor. After having 
 mastered his trade he went to Cincinnati, and there worked 
 as compositor for a considerable time, being employed prin- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 I So 
 
 cipally in the Gazette and Philanthropist offices. In the 
 first-named office he worked for two years. Eventually he 
 returned to Clermont, and in the month of November, 
 1840, he purchased the Sun establishment, in Batavia. At 
 the time of the purchase the fortunes of the establishment 
 were at a very low ebb, but he, by his energy, enterprise, 
 untiring industry and judiciously exercised ability, raised it 
 into prominence and power in the county, and in doing so 
 greatly benefited the Democratic party also, in behalf of 
 which his paper was conducted. He continued to publish 
 and edit the Sun, with the exception of an intermission of 
 about two years, until 1864, when he sold the paper to 1 1. 
 V. Kerr, and in the month of April of that year he pur- 
 chased from John G. Doren the Argus, of Georgetown, 
 Brown county, and a year later changed the name of the 
 paper to tlie Brown County News, and this paper he still 
 continues to publish and to edit, and its influence has be- 
 come steadily more and more marked, not only in its own 
 immediate locality, but in a wider field than “county 
 papers” usually reach. Politically, its editor, as has been 
 stated, is a Democrat, and he is an active and earnest 
 member of his party. His ability and integrity have won 
 practical recognition from his fellow-citizens, and repeat- 
 edly he has been called upon to occupy one public position 
 and another. Twice he was elected Recorder of Clermont 
 County, serving six years in that position. He was time 
 and again elected member of the School Board in Batavia, 
 and was several times a Town Councilman in both Batavia 
 and Georgetown. In 1869 he was elected a member of the 
 Ohio State Senate, and in 1871 he was re-elected to that 
 body. During his four years of service in the Senate he 
 was absent from his post of duty only three and a half days, 
 making the best record, for close attention to the business 
 for which he was elected, of any man who ever served in 
 either branch of the Ohio Legislature. He gained, by his 
 zeal, uprightness and straightforward honesty, the respect 
 and confidence of all in the Senate, and he seldom failed 
 to carry any measure that he introduced or urged in that 
 body. In debate he was not a wordy or rhetorical orator; 
 he spoke to the point and to the purpose, and always with 
 excellent effect. An earnest party man, he has always 
 shown himself to be conscientious and tolerant also. He 
 entertains positive views in both politics and religion, and 
 has never been known to sacrifice principle for position, 
 power or popularity. His zeal for his party and his party 
 friends is unbounded, and he has never spared either time, 
 labor or expense in promoting their interests ; .indeed few 
 men have done more than he to further the cause of his 
 party and his friends for the same pay; for, though during 
 the past thirty years he has been frequently in public 
 position and has held almost constantly the county patron- 
 age of both Brown and Clermont counties, yet he has not 
 grown rich through his opportunities, a fact which proves 
 him to he a politician of some other school than that of to- 
 day. His opinions concerning the war of the rebellion 
 
 were unpopular, but he had the “ courage of his opinions,” 
 and advocated them fearlessly, often at the risk of both life 
 and property, and by his manifest honesty won the respect 
 even of those who most bitterly opposed him. He is one 
 of the oldest “ newspaper men ” in the State of Ohio, and 
 one who has given himself earnestly and unceasingly up to 
 the duties of his profession. In the year 1838 he married 
 Harriet Smith, by whom he had three children. In i860 
 she died, and in 1864 he married for his second wife Miss 
 Millspaugh. 
 
 ^ICKS, CAPTAIN A. W., Merchant, was born in 
 Cherry Valley, Otsego county. New York, Sep- 
 tember 14th, 1S03. His father, Lucas Hicks, 
 a native of Massachusetts, removed to New York 
 in 1796 or thereabout, where he settled in the 
 above-mentioned county, remaining there until 
 his decease, which occurred in 1847. He was engaged 
 throughout his life in farming, and was also a manufacturer 
 
 of potash. • "Until he had reached his twenty-first year he 
 remained with his father, receiving in the meantime his 
 education at the schools of his native ]dace. In 1825 he 
 left his home, the possessor of seventeen dollars, and, with 
 his gun and knapsack, travelled on foot fifty-two miles to 
 Albany, New York, intending to take passage on a steam- 
 boat to New York city. Arriving too late, however, for 
 this boat, he engaged a berth on the sloop “ Utica,” run- 
 ning from Albany to New York, at eight dollars per month, 
 continuing thus occupied for about three months. Later, 
 owing to the sickness of the captain, he was promoted to 
 the supercargoship, at a salary of $100 per month. At the 
 expiration of one month he went to Rhode Island, where 
 he secured a position on a brig as second mate, and became 
 successively mate and captain. In 1832 he connected him- 
 self with the dry-goods business, as partner in the firm of 
 Hicks & White; in 1835 he disposed of his interests therein, 
 and then engaged in the manufacture of cotton wadding in 
 New York, dealing also in cotton and domestic goods and 
 manufacturing straw bonnets. That business he sold in 
 1836, and, having a quantity of straw goods left on hand, 
 purchased as additional stock about $20,000 worth of other 
 goods, and shipped them to Charleston, South Carolina, 
 where he opened a store, which he placed in charge of an 
 employ^. He then went to Augusta, Georgia, where he 
 opened another store; bought subsequently a fresh lot of 
 goods, about #20,000 worth, and established still another 
 store in Savannah, Georgia. He eventually disposed of all 
 his interests at a fair profit and returned to New York, 
 where, in 1837, he engaged with a firm to sell 1600 cases 
 of goods in Cincinnati. Within eight months he fulfilled 
 this engagement, and received for his services the sum of 
 #1000. In 1S3S he opened a store on Fourth street, Cin- 
 cinnati, firm of Hicks & Robinson, and at the expiration of 
 six months purchased his partner’s interest, and there con- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 tinned in business alone until 1841, when he removed to 
 Fifth street, and six months later sold his interests in the 
 establishment. He afterward entered into a copartnership 
 with A. Dewett, and purchased a large stock of boots and 
 shoes in Boston. He then opened a wholesale house on 
 Pearl street, Cincinnati, and in 1844, possessing at this time 
 in his partnership relation two houses, the slock was divided 
 and the partnership dissolved. He finally disposed of his 
 entire interests in the business to his former partner, and in 
 1845 purchased a large tract of land in Kentucky, where 
 he resided until 1847. He finally sold a portion of this 
 property, rented the balance of it, and in 1850 sold his 
 entire possessions to Abel D. Breed for the sum of $50,000. 
 Procuring a fresh supply of goods he then moved to Fort 
 Smith, Arkansas, and opened a store, which, at the end of 
 six months, he sold at a good profit. In 1851 he returned 
 to the East, secured a fresh stock of goods, and again de- 
 parted for Fort Smith on the steamboat “ Express.” When 
 at a point below Little Rock the boat struck a snag and 
 sunk, but was ultimately raised and conducted to its des- 
 tination, while his goods, which had been insured, were 
 taken in charge by the underwriters and .shipped to Fort 
 Smith, where they were sold. On his return to Cincinnati 
 he received the money due him from the insurance com- 
 panies, and in 1853-54, in connection with Captain .Samuel 
 Holden, he built a steamboat called the “ Franklin Pierce,” 
 which for two years was run in the Arkansas, Mississippi 
 and Illinois rivers, in the cotton trade. On her last trip 
 down the Mississippi she struck on a snag near Paducah, 
 and in consequence of the damages resulting was placed on 
 the docks at New Orleans. On the return to Cincinnati, in 
 passing the Falls of the Ohio river, at Louisville, she picked 
 up the disabled steamer “ Niles,” and, with two barges, 
 towed her to New Albany, Indiana. The officers of the 
 “Niles” then entered into a contract with the captain of 
 the “ Franklin Pierce” to take the two barges, which were 
 laden with valuable cargoes, to New Orleans. After dis- 
 charging the cargo of the “ Franklin Pierce,” she was re- 
 conducted to New Albany, in order to tow the barges to the 
 proposed point, but upon reaching this place they were not 
 to be found. She was then put about at once for New 
 Orleans, where the barges and cargo were attached, the 
 owners giving bonds in the sum of $200,000. The subse- 
 quent outbreak of the war, however, prevented the trial of 
 the case involved, although eventually the sum of $14,000 
 was secured. On the return to Cincinnati the “ Franklin 
 Pierce” was sold, and soon after it sank in the Black river, 
 Arkansas. In 1857 he moved to Kansas and purchased an 
 extensive tract of valuable land, which he still owns, and 
 remained there until 1S60, building in the meantime various 
 houses and improving in many ways his property. Leaving 
 his houses in possession of the tenants he then returned to 
 Cincinnati and entered a wholesale house on Pearl street, 
 where he remained until 1861, at which date he started 
 what is known as the “ Lawson .Shoe store,” on Fifth 
 
 street. In 1862 he was engaged by the government to take 
 a steamboat and proceed to Fort Pillow, for the purpose of 
 opening the blockade. In this venture he met with entire 
 success. He was at the time the only steamboat man who 
 could be found to undertake the service, and while en- 
 gaged in it received a wound from a passing cannon ball, 
 which partially paralyzed his right side and deprived him 
 almost entirely of the use of his right arm. For his services 
 on this occasion he w'as promised by the government, or its 
 proper officers, the sum of $200,000, but owing to the 
 death of the colonel then in command he failed to receive 
 his pay. The case has been before the Congress of the 
 United States during the last two sessions, but, on account 
 of various informalities, has not yet been decided. In 1863 
 he was employed by the government to rebuild the bridges 
 destroyed by John Morgan wdiile on his famous raid, and 
 later secured a contract to furnish a large quantity of cord- 
 wood for governmental use. He is now seventy-two years 
 of age, and is free from any active business relations. He 
 w',':s married in Massachusetts, June 2gth, 1831, to Rebecca 
 F. Fisher, by whom he has had nine children ; of those but 
 two are living at the present lime, and they reside on the 
 paternal possessions in Kansas, 
 
 GLEVEE, JOHN F., Lawyer, w'tis born in Harri- 
 son county, Ohio, May loth, 1840. His father 
 was John Oglevee. His mother, Eliza Ann 
 (Hanna) Oglevee, was the daughter of John 
 Hanna, A.ssociate Judge of Harrison County. 
 . He W'as educated at the Franklin College, Ohio, 
 but left that institution in his senior year in order to join 
 the Union army. August 6th, 1862, he enlisted as a private 
 in Company C, of the 98th Regiment of Ohio Volunteer 
 Infantry, and with this body joined the Army of the Ohio, 
 under Buell, in Kentucky. He was an active participant 
 in the battles of Perryville and of Franklin, Tennessee, and 
 at Chickamauga, where he was the color-bearer of the regi- 
 ment during the action and was wounded in the shoulder 
 by a ball. He w'as then sent home on furlough, and 
 recommended for promotion for gallantry on the field. 
 November 24th, 1863, he w'as commissioned Second-Lieu- 
 tenant of Company I, and returned to his regiment, March 
 1st, 1864. He subsetpiently participated in Sherman’s 
 campaigns until the surrender at Greensboro’. In Septem- 
 ber, 1864, -he was promoted to a First-Lieutenancy and 
 Adjutancy. After the grand review he was mustered out 
 of the service, June 4th, 1865, and returned to his home. 
 Later, he was engaged for three months in teaching mathe- 
 matics at Franklin College. In the spring of 1866 he 
 removed to .Springfield, and there commenced the study of 
 law under the instructions of General J. Warren Kiefer, 
 and, December 3d, 1867, was admitted to the bar. January 
 1st, 1868, he formed a partnership with his former tutor. 
 
i 82 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOICLDIA. 
 
 and was professionally engaged in this connection until 
 September 1st, 1871. In the following October he was 
 elected Auditor, on the Republican ticket, and was re- 
 elected in 1873. He has acted also as a member of the 
 City Council. He is widely known as a political speaker, 
 and in various campaigns has canvassed his county and 
 district. He has also frequently been a delegate to Repub- 
 lican State conventions and to Congressional conventions, 
 in which he has uniformly taken a prominent position. 
 He was married, June 23d, 1869, to Jennie M. Eagleson, 
 formerly a resident of Harrison county, Ohio. 
 
 S .VRSIIALL, JAMES II., Lawyer, was born in 
 Youngstown, Mahoning county, Ohio, September 
 3d, 1820, and was the third child in a family 
 consisting of six children whose parents were 
 ^ John Marshall and Margaret M. (Grant) Mar- 
 shall. His father, a native of Virginia, followed 
 through life the occupation of cabinetmaking and house- 
 joinering. He moved to Ohio at an early date, and re- 
 sided in Trumbull county until his decease, in 1832. His 
 mother, a native of Pennsylvania, was a daughter of Solo- 
 mon Grant, and a sister of Jesse R. Grant, an early pioneer 
 of Clermont county and the father of President Ulysses S. 
 Grant. Until his fifteenth year was reached he was en- 
 gaged in farm labor in the counties of Brown and Trum- 
 bull, his mother having removed with her family to the 
 former county in 1833. During those years he also at- 
 tended the neighboring country schools through the winter 
 months, obtaining by this means a limited elementary edu- 
 cation. In 1835 he was placed to learn the trade of 
 saddlery and harness-making at Georgetown. He com- 
 pleted his apprenticeship in about three years, and for two 
 years attended school at Germantown, Kentucky, and at 
 the Augusta College, in the same State. In 1843, after 
 having worked at his trade for a brief period, he established 
 himself in the harness and saddlery business on his own 
 account, at Georgetown, and was thus occupied assiduously 
 until 1857. His attention during the closing years of his 
 experience as a merchant was devoted to the study of law, 
 and in 1858, passing the required examination, he was ad- 
 mitted to the bar. He was subsequently appointed Probate 
 Judge of Brown County, and performed the duties of this 
 office for about one year. That appointment had been 
 made to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of 
 Colonel D. W. C. Loudon. In November, 1859, he con- 
 nected himself in a law partnership with David G. Devore, 
 in Georgetown, and in conjunction with his associate has 
 secured an extensive and remunerative clientage. In 1859 
 he was a candidate for nomination for the Probate Judge- 
 ship; in 1861 for the position of Common Pleas Judge; 
 and in 1867 for the Ohio Senate. He is a supporter of the 
 Republican party, and in 1844 cast his first vote for James 
 
 K. Polk. Religiously, he is a member of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church. His chief personal characteristics are 
 unassailable integrity, tireless energy and well-directed in- 
 dustry. He at present is engaged in the practice of law at 
 Georgetown, Brown county, Ohio, where he resides. 
 
 OGERS, ISAIAH, Architect, was born in the 
 town of Marshfield, Massachusetts, August 17th, 
 o<^l 1 1 1800. He was a son of Isaac Rogers, a promi- 
 
 nent shipbuilder of that town, who succeeded 
 his father in the business, also a leading ship- 
 builder of his day. The family is descended in 
 a direct line from John Rogers, the martyr of Smithfield, 
 who perished February 4th, 1555, and John Rogers, one 
 of the Pilgrim Puritans of the “Mayflower.” His early 
 and elementary education was received in the country 
 schools located near his home. On account of the limited 
 facilities then offered for a thorough training, the course of 
 studies he was able to pursue was neither varied in kind 
 nor satisfactory in degree. But by close and careful study 
 in after life he acquired a valuable fund of information on 
 a vast variety of subjects and an acutely intelligent appreci- 
 ation of the utilities and beauties of science. He com- 
 menced life upon a farm, but his natural mechanical tastes 
 unfitted him for that occupation, as then practised, and led 
 him to enter into an apprenticeship under Captain Shaw, 
 then successfully carrying on the business of carpentry in 
 Boston. This step met with the opposition of several of 
 his friends and relatives, who offered him extraordinary in- 
 ducements to remain on the farm with them. But, ani- 
 mated by an inflexible spirit of independence, he started on 
 foot for Boston, carrying with him his personal effects. 
 His connection with Captain Shaw was sustained until he 
 had attained his twenty-first year, when he moved to 
 Mobile, Alabama, where, for a brief period, he worked as 
 a journeyman at his trade. He early displayed an admir- 
 able taste and sound judgment in all matters relating to the 
 architectural profession, and devoted the whole of his 
 leisure time to the acquisitiorr of an extended knowledge 
 of its rules and principles. All plans that, falling under 
 his observation, possessed any notable excellence, he copied 
 with zealous and scrupulous care, and carefully studied all 
 the works on architecture that he cotrld procure. At Mobile 
 he entered into competition in making plans for one of the 
 city public buildings, and, gaining the premium offered, 
 was thus brought into favorable prominence. In 1822 he 
 returned to Boston and entered the office of Solomon Wil- 
 lard, then a prominent architect of the city, and on his 
 retirement succeeded to the business. Thenceforth his 
 professional career was a steady progression, his whole aim 
 and desire being to attain perfection, rather than pecuniary 
 reward. He had assisted Solomon Willard in the con- 
 stniction of the Bunker Hill monument; his first individual 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 183 
 
 large work was the Tremont House, in Boston, whose con- 
 struction was undertaken when he was about twenty-eight 
 years of age. He designed and built the Merchants’ Ex- 
 change, State street, and the Howard Athenaeum, Boston, 
 and various other buildings in this city. The most promi- 
 nent in New York were the Astor House, Merchants’ Ex- 
 change, Wall street ; Bank of .America and the Astor Place 
 Opera House: the Exchange Hotel and Bank, of Rich- 
 mond, Virginia; and later came the Capitol Hotel, Frank- 
 fort, Kentucky ; Maxwell House, Nashville, Tennessee; and 
 the Burnett House, Pike Opera House, the Longview Insane 
 Asylum ; the remodelling Hamilton county Court House 
 and the jail of Cincinnati, Ohio. He also remodelled the 
 State House of Columbus, and was Supervising Architect 
 of the United States Treasury Department, at Washington, 
 District of Columbia, from 1862 to 1865. His work is to 
 be seen in most every city of the Union. He was the in- 
 ventor of various useful pieces of mechanism, upon four of 
 which he obtained patents. The more important of these 
 were his Tubular Bridge and his Fire and Burglar-proof 
 Safe. He never sought or held a public political office, 
 and uniformly exercised his right of discrimination between 
 the candidates of the several parties. He was a valued 
 member of the Masonic order, of the fraternity of Odd Fel- 
 lows and of the Mechanics’ Association. Though afflicted 
 from an early age by violent physical prostrations, his men- 
 tal calibre was never perceptibly impaired by such visita- 
 tions, while his will-power and untiring perseverance have 
 been but rarely excelled. His nature was as impulsive as 
 it was benevolent, while his unassumed, frank and cordial 
 hearing ever banished all doubt in tlie minds of those who 
 were brought into contact with him of his entire sincerity 
 of purpose. He was married, at the age of twenty-three 
 years, to Emily W. Tobey, of Portland, Maine. After a 
 life of almost uninterrupted activity, and protracted suffer- 
 ing, due to an affection of the heart, he died in Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, April 13th, 1869, amid the regrets of an extensive 
 circle of relatives and friends. His son and successor, who 
 had been associated with him from 1846, now ranks among 
 the leading architects of the Queen City. 
 
 ILLER, THOMAS EWING, ex-United States 
 Consul, is a native of Ohio, having been born 
 /^i I* Mount Vernon, Knox county, Ohio, on the 
 * 9 *^ of June, 1829, of a parentage which was 
 of mixed blood, mingling the .Scotch, Irish and 
 German nationalities. He finished his education 
 at Kenyon College, Ohio, graduating at that institution in 
 the class of 1850 with the degree of A. B. After leaving 
 college he engaged in mercantile pursuits in his native 
 village. He continued so occupied until the year 1856. 
 In that year he received from President Pierce the appoint- 
 ment of United .States Consul at Bordeaux, France. In 
 
 this position he remained until 1859, and then he returned 
 to this country and to his native State. Instead of return- 
 ing to Mount Vernon, however, he settled in Columbus 
 after his return, and there engaged in the wholesale dry- 
 goods business. He is still a resident of Columbus, and is 
 still engaged in the same business, being now the senior 
 partner in the fimr of Miller, Green & Joyce, a house 
 controlling the largest dry-goods trade in central Ohio. 
 Besides attending to his large diy-goods business he has 
 also been an extensive dealer in real estate in Columbus, 
 and his name is identified with every project for the im- 
 provement of his adopted city and the development of its 
 resources. He is President of the Board of Trade of 
 Columbus, an organization which has done great service 
 in bringing to the attention of capitalists throughout the 
 country the advantages of the city in a manufacturing and 
 commercial way. He is also a director of the Columbus & 
 Mineral Valley Railroad Company, as well as of the Home 
 Insurance Company of Columbus. He has been twice 
 married. In the year 1855 married Elizabeth McComb, 
 of Rockland county, Ohio, who died in 1861, leaving him 
 one child, a daughter. He married again, in 1865, 
 Amanda Harris, daughter of Judge Ira Harris, of Albany, 
 New York. This marriage has resulted in four sons. 
 
 ONANT, GEORGE, Superintendent of Coi'pora- 
 tion Schools, Coshocton, Ohio, was born in 
 Provincetown, Massachusetts, May 8th, 1827. 
 His father, a native of New Hampshire, was 
 eng.aged in mercantile pursuits. His mother 
 lived formerly in Massachusetts. I'or two or 
 three years he attended a private school in his native place, 
 subsequently pursued a course of higher studies in a district 
 school and an academy, and while in his tenth year be- 
 came an inmate of the Sandwich Boarding School, w'here 
 he remained for three months. He was afterward sent to 
 an academy in Wilbraham, Massachusetts, where he w'as a 
 student for six months. He taught his first school in Lyme, 
 New Hampshire, at the age of sixteen. From that time 
 till his twentieth year he taught in the winter months, at- 
 tending private schools occasionally. He then assumed 
 the role of educator, at Westport, Massachusetts, in an 
 annual school, where he remained for two years; and sub- 
 sequently W'as similarly engaged in Fall River, Massachu- 
 setts, one year; in Topsfield Academy, Massachusetts, two 
 years; in Hanover Academy, Plymouth county, Massachu- 
 setts, two years; in the Spring Mountain Academy, Ohio, 
 two years; and in the Kenosha High School, w'here he was 
 Superintendent and I’rincipal, one year. For a later period 
 of seven years he w.as engaged in teaching at the Aurora 
 Academy, west New York. He w'as then occupied for 
 about one year in agricultural pursuits in Massachusetts, 
 and at the expiration of that time sold his farm and moved 
 
184 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 to the West, settling in Coshocton county, Ohio. In 1868 
 he was elected by the Board of Education Superintendent 
 of the existing schools. He has a knowledge of the Latin, 
 Greek and German tongues, and is also the possessor of a 
 valuable fund of information on a variety of subjects. His 
 store of literary attainments has been secured by persistent 
 and close study, while the honorable and important position 
 which he now occupies is the one above all in which his 
 many qualifications can be of the greatest advantage to the 
 general community. He was married, Ifecember 2d, 1853, 
 to Mary Annie Friend, of Andover, Massachusetts, who is 
 his assistant in his educational labors. 
 
 ILANDY, FREDERICK JOHN LEONARD, one 
 of the oldest and most prominent manufacturers 
 and improvers of portable steam-engines and cir- 
 cular saw-mills in America, was born in Bristol, 
 England, in 1820. He lived with his father, 
 Benjamin Blandy, until 1834, attending succes- 
 sively Golston’s and Hewlet’s academies, and the last two 
 years was tutored by Professor John Lewton, after which he 
 came to this country with his father’s family. Landing in 
 New York city late in the fall, they determined to pass the 
 winter in Orange, New Jersey. In the spring they carried 
 out the original plan of going West, to locate in the then 
 smalltown of Zanesville, Ohio, which Mr. Benjamin Blandy 
 had, during a j)revious visit to America, selected as the future 
 home of his large and young family, thinking it one of the 
 most flourishing and promising towns in the West. Fred- 
 erick, the fourth son of his parents, was the seventh of a 
 family of ten children. Henry Blandy, his elder brother 
 and present partner, engaged with a company, under the 
 style of Dillon, Blandy & Co., and started a furnace and 
 forge for the manufacture of iron from the ore, at Licking 
 Falls, four miles from Zanesville. In connection with the 
 furnace and forge they had a large stock of goods for the 
 supply of the hands. Of these goods Frederick, who was 
 in the employ of this firm, had charge for about a year and 
 a half, though but little over fourteen years of age. The 
 store was located on the north side of the river, and there 
 was at that time but one other house on that side ; no bridge 
 connected the two sides of the river, so that it could be 
 crossed only by means of a skiff or by fording. The whole 
 country was in a rude and uncultivated state, with the 
 roughest class of people about the works, but Frederick slept 
 each night upon the counter alone, with his pistol under his 
 head; it was quite a lonely situation for one so young. At 
 the end of eighteen months, the enterprise proving unremu- 
 nerative, the business was closed up and the partnership dis- 
 solved. The store department had made over six thousand 
 dollars, but Frederick received nothing but his board for 
 his services, although he had served the company faithfully 
 and had endured many privations and hardships, one of 
 
 which was a year’s experience with the then prevailing dis- 
 ease of the country, fever and ague. From this situation he 
 engaged with a large manufacturing establishment in the 
 city of New York as clerk and salesman. After a few 
 months trial the proprietor agreed to pay him six hundred 
 dollars a year with his board and washing. After two years 
 he returned to Zanesville on a visit, and was induced to re- 
 main with his mother and sisters while his father took a trip 
 to Europe. His New York employer, upon learning of his 
 resolve, offered to advance his salary to one thousand a year 
 if he would return to his situation, but he felt that he owed 
 it to his father to forego this temptation — his father promis- 
 ing to establish him in business upon his return, which in 
 1840 he did. He built for him a large foundry, furnished a 
 small capital, and loaned some funds for which he paid in- 
 terest, and Frederick had saved a few hundred from his own 
 gains, which was added to the common stock. His brother 
 Henry was interested with him in this enterprise, and did 
 his full share in promoting the prosperity of the business ; 
 and by arduous, earnest and united efforts, they built up a 
 large trade in stoves, plows, hollowware, threshing machine 
 castings, etc. They kept seven or eight two-horse teams 
 constantly upon the roads peddling their stoves and plows 
 among the farmers, and frequently found it necessary to take 
 horses in exchange for Iheir wares. These horses were kept 
 till a large drove was collected and got in good condition, 
 when Frederick drove them across the mountains upon the 
 common roads, occupying twenty-one days en route to the 
 city of New York. From 1S44 to 1848 he made several 
 such trips. The first two large contracts they made were 
 for the iron-work for the Zanesville Water Works and for the 
 Zanesville Gas Light Company. Shortly after fulfilling 
 these contracts their foundry assumed the inijrortance of a 
 machine-shop, and they had already turned out several 
 steam-engines, including one which furnished their shop- 
 power. P'rom this time they continually increased and 
 added to their works, until they became large and powerful. 
 In 1850 the Central Ohio Railroad was built, and H. & F. 
 Blandy, resolving to turn their attention to locomotive build- 
 ing, took contracts to build a number of locomotives for this 
 and other roads then being constructed. In the fall of 1851 
 Frederick married Julia Johnson, a native of Thiladelidna, 
 Pennsylvania, and by this marriage six children were born 
 to them, four sons and two daughters. A year or two later 
 the Central Ohio Railroad, like several other roads they 
 had been working for, failed, and the losses which H. & F'. 
 Blandy sustained through railroad failures disgusted them 
 with that branch of business. At this period they built, for 
 a party at the town of Ironton, Ohio, a rail mill, with a 
 capacity of seventy tons of T-rails per day, and in connec- 
 tion made several million brick, erected twenty dwellings 
 for the operatives, opened coal mines on an extensive scale, 
 and when about ready to start the party in interest failed, 
 causing a great and embarrassing loss of means to H. & F. 
 Blandy ; still they pushed forward, not daunted by these 
 


 
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LIOGRAPIIICAL ENCYCLOIVKDIA. 
 
 disajipoinlments ami losses, coming out with their good 
 name and credit untarnished. At this time, 1855, they re- 
 solved to change their locomotive works into a manufactory 
 of portable steam-engines and saw-mills, which they began 
 to build upon a new plan, with a hollow, continuous bed- 
 plate — the invention of Frederick. This was far ahead of 
 any other engine in the market, and they rapidly worked it 
 into favor as the people’s engine, so that at this writing there 
 are about 4000 of them working; they can be found in every 
 State in the Fhiion, and in many parts of Europe, Africa, 
 South America, Australia, etc. On whatever occasion they 
 have been exhibited in competition they have invariably 
 taken the first premiums. So popular are they that they are 
 being copied by many builders, mus acknowledging their 
 superiority to all others. At the time the rebellion broke 
 out the firm of II. & F. Blandy was doing a brisk and large 
 business in the West and South, and had outstanding debts 
 amounting to over $150,000 scattered all through the South- 
 ern States; the whole was a dead loss to them. But they 
 persistently strove to overcome all adversities, and their 
 trade revived again, so that in 1S63 they found their Zanes- 
 ville works were not equal to the demand, and they inir- 
 chased the “ Newark Machine Works,” at Newark, Ohio, 
 which equalled in magnitude their Zanesville works ; and in 
 1865 they built and sold over one million and a quarter dol- 
 lars’ worth of machinery. In these works they have built 
 many powerful stationary-engines for blast furnaces and 
 mills of all kinds up to 500 horse-power. After the close 
 of the war they did a very extensive business, and were 
 working both establishments to their full capacity, when in 
 the fall of 1866 misfortune again overtook them, this time 
 in the shape of a destructive fire that levelled the entire 
 Zanesville works with the ground, causing a loss estimated 
 at over $200,000. In spite of this great misfortune, at a 
 lime when they were crowded with work, the business was 
 carried on as well as possible by running the Newark works 
 night and day. Though Mr. Henry Blandy was at this time 
 in Europe, before the ruins of twenty-six years of their labor 
 were cold a hundred pairs of hands were busy clearing away 
 the debris and preparing to rebuild on a still larger scale 
 than before, and in less than four months the site of the 
 ruins was occupied by one of the finest-appointed and best- 
 equipped machine-works in the United Stales. At the time 
 of this fire Frederick was engaged in erecting a fine resi- 
 dence ; having only the first story up when the works were 
 burned, he was compelled to fini.sh it or much damage 
 would have been the result. This house, the finest finished 
 and most elegant in the county, was completed the follow- 
 ing year. At this time Frederick was also much engaged 
 with his fruit farm of 130 acres, three miles east of the city, 
 on which he had one of their portable engines and saw-mills, 
 making into lumber 1 500 logs cut from some twenty-six acres. 
 This lumber came in very opportunely in the rebuilding of 
 their works. Since the rebuilding of the Zanesville works 
 both they and the Newark branch have been steadily run- 
 
 24 
 
 ISS 
 
 ning, though the trade has diminished since the panic of 
 1S73 many competitors have entirely closed. Frederick 
 also has other interests of considerable importance. Besides 
 the slock held by the firm in the “ Iron Coal Company,” at 
 Shawnee, Ohio, Frederick is Treasurer of this company, and 
 individually holds a large amount of stock. He has two 
 large farms two miles up the Muskingum river, which are 
 considered very valuable for the underlying coal. He holds 
 stock in the “ Ohio Iron Company,” “ Zanesville Woollen 
 Mill Company,” and the “ Brown Manufacturing Company,” 
 and is a Director of the last-named. He is also Vice- 
 President of the Union Bank. 
 
 ALL, JOSEPH B., President of the Home Insur- 
 ance Company of Ohio, is a native of Canada, 
 and was born July 4th, 1835. His father was a 
 harness-maker, and a native of New York ; his 
 mother was a native of same State. In 1837, 
 when Joseph was two years old, his parents 
 moved from Canada and settled in Jefferson county. New 
 York. His first schooling was in an old log school-house 
 within sight of the St. Lawrence river. When he was nine 
 years old his father died, leaving his family penniless. The 
 family was broken up and the subject of our sketch was 
 placed on a farm. Some three years afterwards his mother 
 married a wealthy farmer and a home was offered to the 
 scattered family, but Joseph preferred to “paddle his own 
 canoe.” Until he was fifteen years old he worked summers 
 and attended schools winters, a portion of the time at the 
 institute at Watertown. The obstacles he met with were 
 the same as other boys have experienced. At the age of 
 fifteen he secured the much-coveted position of a clerk in a 
 country store. He remained in this position until 1853, 
 when he became impressed with the idea that he must “ go 
 West.” In the spring of that year he found himself in 
 Chicago, a stranger to all, but he soon found employment 
 of E. Batchelder, wholesale dealer in dry goods. He re- 
 mained in that establishment for two years, when his em- 
 ployer retired from business, selling his stock to Joseph, 
 who removed the same to Lyons, Iowa, doing a prosperous 
 business until the panic of 1857. His business at that time 
 being greatly extended, it was impossible to realize on proj)- 
 erty in hand, and he, like thousands of others, was obliged 
 to succumb; having married in the meantime the daughter 
 of Dr. Daniel Reed, of Fulton, Illinois, he found himself 
 poor and with a wdfe and babe to claim his attention. The 
 next few years he was employed in several positions of trust, 
 and finally settled in Aurora, Illinois. While employed as 
 a clerk in a dry-goods store in that city, the Aurora Fire 
 Insurance Company, with a capital of $200,000, was or- 
 ganized, and he was solicited to take the management of it, 
 which he did, and conducted the business very successfully, 
 until the great Chicago fire of 1871 came and swallowed up 
 
HIOGRAPIIICAL ENCVCLOI'-EDIA. 
 
 iS5 
 
 liis company. lie “ once more had ihe world before” him, 
 and he decided on following the insurance business in 
 Chicago. Opening an office in that city, he was imme- 
 diately engaged by several companies to negotiate their 
 settlements and adjust their losses. This occupied his time 
 until the fall of 1872; he was then made General Agent of 
 the Home Insurance Company for the Eastern States, with 
 head-quarters in New York city. He continued in this 
 position until 1873, when he was elected Vice-President and 
 Manager of the company. He then removed ta Columbus, 
 Ohio. In 1874 he was elected President, and his adminis- 
 tration of the affairs of the company has shown his eminent 
 fitness for the position. The Home Insurance Company, 
 like all companies doing a general business, has had rough 
 experience since its organization in 1863; it has paid nearly 
 $3,000,000 in losses, but owing to its sound management it 
 is now in fine condition and is making rapid strides to a 
 ])Osition second to none. The Presidents of the company 
 have been : Hon. Samuel Galloway, C. P. S. Butler, Esq,, 
 Hon. M. A. Dougherty, and the present incumbent. 
 
 ■ACK, HENRY, Merchant, was born on the 23d of 
 December, 1S20, near Bamburg, Bavaria. The 
 Bavarian common school system at that time was 
 not very highly perfected, and his early educational 
 advantages were therefore limited. When he was 
 thirteen years old he obtained employment with 
 the clerk of the court as copyist, and proved so proficient in 
 his new calling that he was retained in the position for three 
 years. At the end of that time he was apprenticed to a 
 confectioner, but remained only two years, as the judges ap- 
 pointed to examine apprentices declared him at the end of 
 that period master of his trade. Soon afterwards he and his 
 elder brother, Abraham, determined to seek their fortune in 
 America, and, having obtained the consent of their parents, 
 they left home on the 28th of July, 1839. Bamburg was 
 300 miles away, and that distance they accomplished on 
 foot, and sailed from Hamburg on the 17th of August, and 
 after a voyage of nearly seventy days landed safely in New 
 York. They had but little money left, and at once set about 
 finding some employment. After a brief consideration, they 
 determined on being- independent businessmen. Therefore 
 they purchased a stock of goods for fifteen dollars, and 
 started through the country as peddlers. They continued 
 in this business for a few months, and then, being in posses- 
 sion of a capital of $180, they unwisely took another partner 
 into the firm and thereby lost all that they had made. Hav- 
 ing severed this unfortunate connection they started anew by 
 themselves. They had good credit, happily, and procuring 
 about $300 worth of goods, started for New London on the 
 deck of a steamboat. They sold out their goods in about 
 two weeks, at a handsome profit, and ordered a new lot from 
 New York. Business continued to flourish, and by the next 
 
 ■ spring they had a cash capital of about $500. Then, in the 
 I spring of 1841, they went to Cincinnati, where Abraham 
 embarked in business as a butcher. Henry continued his 
 business as a peddler, travelling with a horse and wagon. 
 The next spring he bought out a store at Monroe for $2000, 
 mostly on credit, and soon succeeded in building up a large 
 business. Not long afterwards he opened another store at 
 Felicity, Clermont county, in order to give employment to 
 his brother, who had not prospered in his vocation. In 
 1845 ll’S store at Felicity was given up, and Abraham took 
 charge of the one at Monroe, in order that Henry might 
 leave for a visit to his native country, where their mother 
 I was lying very sick. His mother had been dead three weeks 
 I before he reached his old home, and after remaining a short 
 time there he returned to America. .Soon after his return 
 he sold out his store at Monroe, and the two brothers opened 
 a retail dry-goods store on Fifth street, in Cincinnati, under 
 the fir.n-name of H. & A. Mack. This business they con- 
 ' tinned for three years. In the spring of 1847 admitted 
 two other brothers to the firm, which then became the Mack 
 Brothers. The dry-goods business was closed out, and the 
 new firm started a wholesale clothing manufactory on Main 
 street. In the spring of 1S49 an additional store was opened 
 on West Pearl street, and there one of the brothers started 
 j in the wholesale notion trade. The same year came the 
 I fearful visitation of the cholera. Business stagnated, and a 
 I general crash seemed impending. Many business friends 
 urged the Mack Brothers to take the benefit of the bankrupt 
 act, and so save themselves. Henry, the managing and 
 financial partner, declared that he would rather lose his 
 right arm than compromise. They did not compromise, 
 and, by shrewd and enterprising expedients, weathered the 
 storm. A year later, when the pressure had been removed, 
 they were not only out of debt but had a handsome capital 
 in hand. In 1850 the brothers removed to Pearl and Vine 
 streets, where they increased their business fifty per cent. 
 Prosperity continued to attend them until the outbreak of the 
 war, when another financial crisis came. For a time ruin 
 seemed impending again, but, as before, by careful manage- 
 ment and upright dealings, the firm came safely through the 
 trouble. When the first call for troops was made in 1861, 
 Governor Dennison sent for Henry Mack and gave him the 
 first contract for army clothing, and thenceforward he was 
 known as one of the honest contractors of war times. In 
 1866, his business having steadily increased, he erected a 
 handsome store on Third street, and there he still remains. 
 Henry Mack has had no political ambition, but in 1859, in 
 compliance with the urgent solicitation of his friends, he was 
 candidate for election to the City Council. He served two 
 terms, giving the utmost satisfaction by his earnest, honest 
 and public-spirited performance of the duties devolving upon 
 him. At the end of his second term he declined another 
 election. In 1863 he was elected a member of the Cincin- 
 nati .School Board, and discharged the duties of the position 
 in the most acceptable manner. Though a member of the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL E^XYCLOP.^;DIA. 
 
 Jewish faith, he earnestly and ably advocated th'e use of the 
 Bible in the public schools, and his addresses on this subject 
 were extensively copied and won high commendation. He 
 has been interested in many of the public enterprises of Cin- 
 cinnati. The Public Library building was erected under 
 his immediate supervision, and so also was the splendid 
 temple on Plum and Eighth streets. During the war his 
 services were of the most active and untiring character. He 
 was a member of the Military Committee of Hamilton county; 
 was made Chairman of the committee, and, with the excep- 
 tion of about six months, served in that capacity during the 
 entire war. In 1864 the Governor, in consideration of his 
 long and efficient services, commissioned him as Colonel. 
 He was married, in 1S46, to Rosalie Mack; nine children 
 have been born to them, seven of whom are yet alive; one 
 child died during the fatal cholera season already mentioned. 
 
 .MART, CH.-VRLE.S SELDEN, State Commissioner 
 of Schools, was born in Charlestown, Virginia, 
 P'ebruary 24th, 1835, his father, who was of Eng- 
 lish origin, being a native of New Hampshire, 
 and by profession an architect, who moved to Ohio 
 in iSto. His mother’s father. Rev. William 
 Caldwell, was cousin to the celebrated Robert Emmet, and 
 in the rebellion of ’98 he escaped from Ireland, his family 
 having been proscribed by the English government. His 
 maternal grandmother was a descendant from Alexander 
 Hamilton. He was educated in the Ohio University, where 
 he pursued a full course of study and graduated with honors. 
 He read law with Hon. John Welch, of the Ohio State Su- 
 preme bench, and during his readings took a scientific and 
 classical course at the university, from which in 1864 he 
 received his degree of A. B. In 1867 the degree of A. M. 
 was conferred in course. During his collegiate career he 
 was selected by the Philoniathean Literary .Society, of which 
 he was a member, to represent it in a literary contest, in which 
 he distinguished himself. At the time of his graduation he 
 was complimented upon his erudition and skill by Governor 
 Salmon P. Ciiase, afterwards Chief-Justice of the United 
 States, who delivered the diplomas. Upon leaving college he 
 entered upon teaching as a profession. He became promi- 
 nent and successful as a tutor and Superintendent of schools. 
 He was early identified with the Democratic party, and was 
 a prominent candidate before the State Convention in 1872 
 for the nomination for State Commissioner of .Schools. His 
 nomination was claimed by his friends, but on his own mo- 
 tion his competitor was declared the nominee. In the 
 State Convention of the party in August, 1874, he was 
 unanimously nominated on the first ballot for State Commis- 
 sioner of Schools, and was elected by the people in the 
 ensuing fall. The labors already performed by Mr. Smart 
 show his eminent qualification for the duties of his important 
 office. His own career as a teacher, conducted with marked 
 
 1S7 
 
 ability through a period of many years, gave him a perfect 
 insight to the neeils of the school system of the State, which, 
 by all judicious measures, he has undertaken to improve 
 since his election as State Commissioner. His labor has 
 met with the fullest acceptance on the part of the people at 
 large, who have confidence in his thorough fitness to dis- 
 charge the responsible trusts devolving upon him. 
 
 ARTHOLOW’, ROBERTS, Physician, was born, 
 on the 1 8th of November, 1831, in Howard 
 county, Maryland. He completed his education 
 at Calvert College, in his native State, and from 
 that institution he received the degree of Master 
 of Arts. On leaving college he began the study 
 of medicine, and in the year 1852 he graduated from the 
 University of Maryland. He attended subsequent courses 
 of lectures, however, in the years 1855 and 1856. In 1857 
 he entered the United States army by competitive examina- 
 tion, passing first in his class. He remained in the army, 
 in various capacities, until 1864, and then resigned. In the 
 same year he was appointed to a professorship in the Medical 
 College of Ohio. Ever since that time he has continued to 
 hold a place in the faculty of that institution, having his 
 residence at Cincinnati. He now holds the position of Pro- 
 fessor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine and of Clin- 
 ical Medicine, and is Dean of the Faculty. He is one of 
 the physicians to the Good Samaritan Hospital ; is a mem- 
 ber of the American Medical Association ; of the Ohio State 
 Medical Society ; of the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine, 
 and of the American Neurological Society. He is also a 
 corresponding member of New York Society of Neurology 
 and Electrology, etc. He is the author of a work on “ Enlist- 
 ing and Discharging Soldiers,” which work is still the official 
 authority on those subjects; of a volume on “ Hypodermic 
 Medication ; ” both these works published by Lippincott. 
 The Appletons have also recently published a treatise by 
 him on “ Therapeutics.” 
 
 HITE, JOSEPH \V., ex-member of Congress, was 
 born at Cambridge, Ohio, October 2d, 1822, his 
 parents being natives of Pennsylvania, who at an 
 early day removed to and located permanently in 
 Ohio. His father, whose occupation was that of a 
 tailor, held at different times the offices of constable 
 and deputy sheriff. He attended the country schools until 
 he reached the age of thirteen, when he was engaged in a 
 d-y-goods store for eighteen months. He then was a clerk 
 in the County Clerk’s office at Columbus until 1838, when 
 he returned to Cambridge and ]nirsued for one year an 
 academic course of study. In the fall of 1839 he went back 
 to Columbus and was a clerk in the United States courts, 
 and continued in that office until the summer of 1842. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 1 88 
 
 Returning to Cambridge, he began to read law with W. W. 
 Tracy, and in 1844 was admitted to the bar. He entered 
 at once upon his professional labors, and in 1845 was elected 
 Prosecuting Attorney for Cuernsey county. In 1847 he was 
 honored by a re-election, and served in that office until 
 1849. In 1862 he was elected to Congress from the Six- 
 teenth Ohio District, defeating Hon. John A. Bingham. 
 His term expired in March, 1865, and since that time he 
 nas given his undivided care and attention to his profession. 
 In Congress he participated in all the legislation that was 
 before it during his term. He was married, on January 
 2ist, 1846, to Nancy B. Sarchet, of Cambridge, Ohio. 
 
 y/jV' ORGAN, MAJOR JAMES, Superintendent of the 
 i Workhouse of Cincinnati, was born in Ire- 
 
 fl I land, at a place called Bandon, April 12th, 1835, 
 and was the sixth. child in a family of nine chil- 
 .0 dren whose parents were James Morgan and 
 Catherine (Conn) Morgan. His father, a native 
 of Ireland, was engaged there in mercantile pursuits until 
 he set out for America, where he landed, in New York, in 
 1846, bringing w ith him his entire family with the exception 
 of James and one of his sisters. He then moved direct to 
 Cincinnati, Ohio, where he resided constantly until his death 
 in 1862. His mother’s decease occurred in the old country 
 about three years previous to the departure of the family for 
 the United States. In the fall of 1848 he also left his native 
 country, and, landing in America, travelled at once to Cin- 
 cinnati. His early education was liberal, and while still 
 quite young he was taught the advantages of industrious 
 labor. While in his fifteenth year, he found employment 
 with Jacob Ernst, at book-binding, in whose establishment 
 he remained for about eighteen months. He then, in a 
 three years’ apprenticeship, learned the trade of edge-tool 
 making, under the guidance of John Powder, and subse- 
 (luently worked at his trade rather irregularly for about five 
 years. In 1859 he went to Pike’s Peak, in search of gold, 
 and there, during a stay of eleven months, was engaged in 
 successful operations. Later, he removed to Denver City, 
 and interested himself in the trading business, in connection 
 w'ith Asbury Catch, of Clermont county, Ohio. After a 
 sojourn in this place of five months or more, he returned to 
 Cincinnati, and until 1861 w'orked at the marble business 
 for Charles Rule. He afterward, as .Sergeant of Company 
 B, accompanied the 27th Regiment of Ohio Volunteer In- 
 fantry to the field, and served with that body until the close 
 of the war. He was an active ]xarticipant in various cam- 
 paigns in Missouri under Fremont ; served under Pope at 
 the taking of Island Number Ten ; under Halleck at Pitts- 
 burgh Landing; under Rosecrans at Corinth ; took part in 
 the various Tennessee engagements ; and marched with 
 Sherman from Atlanta to the sea. In August, i86l, he 
 was made Pdrst Lieutenant of Company B, and in June, 
 
 1S62, was appointed to the Captaincy of the same company. 
 In November, 1864, he was promoted to the rank of Major 
 of the 27th Regiment of (dhio Volunteer Infantry. During 
 the Savannah campaign he was the actual commander of the 
 regiment, and was offered the colonelcy by brevet, an honor 
 which, how'ever, he chose to decline. In 1865 he returned 
 to Cincinnati, and was temporarily employed in the post- 
 office, under Postmaster Myer. In 1866 he established him- 
 self in business on his own account, as an edge-tool manu- 
 facturer, on the corner of Eighth and Sycamore streets, 
 where he remained during the following four years. He 
 was residing at this time in the Eighth Ward, and for three 
 consecutive terms was elected a member of the City Council. 
 For two years also he acted as a member of the Board of 
 Aldermen. In 1874 he w'as elected Superintendent of the 
 City AVorkhouse, and in 1875 was re-elected to fill the same 
 position. His political views are of the most liberal char- 
 acter, while he is religiously a believer in Protestant doc- 
 trines. He was married to Caroline Kroell, the second 
 daughter of Rev. Auguste Kroell, of Cincinnati. 
 
 -'o 
 
 UGH, HON. JOHN M., Lawyer, Probate Judge of 
 Franklin county, Ohio, was born in the said county, 
 November 7th, 1S23. His parents, David Pugh 
 and Jane (Murphy) Pugh, followed agricultural 
 pursuits. After receiving an elementary education 
 in the common schools of his native county, he 
 engaged for a year in teaching, and in 1848 commenced 
 the study of law in the office of Samuel Brush, of Colum- 
 bus. In 1851 he was admitted to the bar, and in the same 
 year was elected Clerk for Montgomery township. In 1853 
 he was elected Auditor for Franklin county, and re-elected 
 in 1855. After the expiration of his terffi of office as Au- 
 ditor, he entered on the active practice of his profession in 
 the city of Columbus. In 1863 he consented to stand for 
 the office of Probate Judge, was elected, and has since been 
 four times re-elected to the same honorable position, and 
 will have served, when his time is out, in all fifteen succes- 
 sive years. He has been prominently identified with many 
 of the more important public improvements of central Ohio, 
 is President of the Columbus & Mineral Valley Railroad, 
 and also of the Hanging Rock Narrow-gauge Railroad, 
 which will connect the capital directly with several of the 
 manufacturing towns on the Ohio river. The former line, 
 running into the best coal-fields of the State, will add 
 
 greatly to the rapid development of Colundjus as the most 
 desirable manufacturing centre in the country. His public 
 interests, however, are not confined entirely to railroads and 
 coal mines : he has held the office of Treasurer of the 
 Franklin County Agricultural Society for ten years, fiom 
 1861, and subsequently was made its President. In 1S74 
 he was elected a member of the State Board of Agriculture, 
 and is now its Treasurer, and was also appointed a member 
 

 
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BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 189 
 
 of the Centennial Commission for the Twelfth Congressional 
 District of Ohio. In the Order of Odd Fellows he is Past 
 Grand. He was married, December 25th, 1851, to Martha 
 F. Cook, of Delaware county, Ohio, and by her has had 
 eight children. Seven of these are still living — four sons 
 and three daughters. His eldest son is cashier of the 
 Citizens’ Savings Bank of Columbus; his second son will 
 graduate from Princeton College, in the class of 1876. 
 
 EINHARD, JACOB, Banker and Editor, was born 
 in Niedernberg on the Main, Bavaria, February 
 aSth, 1815. He is the son of Michael Reinhard 
 and Barbara Reinhard, who, with their family, 
 (gA p left Bavaria in 1833, came to this country, and 
 settled on a farm in Franklin county, Ohio, where 
 the former is still living. He received his education princi- 
 pally in Germany, but aiso attended school in Ohio, while 
 assisting his father in the labor of the farm. He then 
 applied himself for a few years to the study of law under the 
 preceptorship of Congressman Heman A. Moore, of Colum- 
 bus. In 1839 he became Assistant Engineer on the 
 National Road, under Dr. Thomas M. Drake and General 
 Patterson. That appointment was held by him until 1843, 
 when he started, with F. Fieser, the IVestbote, the only 
 German newspaper published in the .State capital. This 
 journal has had a remarkably successful career, and is 
 favorably known throughout Columbus and all the Western 
 •States. In 1868 the firm of Reinhard, Fieser and F'alken- 
 bach established their banking-house, under the style of 
 Reinhard & Co. That venture also met with great success 
 from the outset. In the prosecution of private business, he 
 has not forgotten his duty to the public. Since 1852 he has 
 been a member of the City Council, for a period covering 
 twenty years, and for five years officiated as President of this 
 body. He is also Director of the Franklin Iron Company, 
 and a stockholder in several other manufacturing enter- 
 prises of Columbus. The integrity, energy, and business 
 sagacity which he has displayed throughout his business and 
 public career, have secured for him not wealth alone, but 
 also the confidence and esteem of his fellow-townsmen. 
 He was married, July 12th, 1841, to Catharine Haman, of 
 Perry county, Ohio. His present family consists of four 
 sons and two daughters. 
 
 LI.EN, CHARLES W., of Allen & Ellis, Tobacco 
 Merchants and Manufacturers at Cincinnati and 
 Chicago, was born at Holyoke, Massachusetts, 
 September 29th, 1837. He springs from the old 
 Puritan stock, and his grandfather was a captain 
 in the war of 1812, and his father a manufacturer 
 of cotton goods. He was educated at the academy in Con- 
 way, Massachusetts, and in 1855 became a clerk in a dry- 
 
 goods store at Pittsfield, Massachusetts. In 1S57 he re- 
 moved to Beloit, Wisconsin, where he was employed in the 
 same capacity, and went thence to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 
 in 1858, continuing in the same line, but his health failed 
 shortly afterward, and he returned to Beloit, and associated 
 with his father in the livery business, and in October of the 
 same year married the eldest daughter of W. S. Hunn, of 
 Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the well-known grocery man. In 
 1862 he removed to Chicago, Illinois, where he continued 
 in the same line until he engaged in the tobacco trade in 
 1864. July 1st, 1870, he formed a copartnership with 
 Alnion I). Ellis, under the firm-name of Allen & Ellis, and 
 engaged e.xtensively in the manufacture of fine-cut tobacco. 
 Their works were entirely destroyed by the great fire of * 
 October, 1871, and they were thus left absolutely without 
 the means of supplying their customers, but, nothing 
 daunted, they looked immediately for the needed facilities 
 to enable them to continue. Our subject removed imme- 
 diately to Cincinnati, and set about the resumption of oper- 
 ations with so much energy that, within ten days, another 
 factory was in full operation. Mr. Ellis, whose name ap- 
 pears in the “ Biographical Encyclopaedia of Illinois,” re- 
 mains in charge of the Chicago branch. The Cincinnati 
 works occupy the large five-storied building. Nos. ll, 13, 
 15 and 17 Vine street, within which all is activity, employ- 
 ment being given to from 300 to 4CK) hands throughout the 
 year. It is the most extensive fine-cut manufactory in the 
 whole West, the firm having paid a government tax of over 
 $400,000 during the year 1874, and during P'ebruary, 1875, 
 the shortest month of the year, paid tax on over 300,000 
 pounds of fine-cut tobacco. This marked pre-eminence in a 
 city that pays three-fourths of the tobacco tax of the whole 
 country, is a sufficient attestation of the energy and ability 
 with which the operations are conducted. 
 
 UNTINGTON, HENRY DWIGHT, Retired 
 Merchant of Cincinnati, was born in Norwich, 
 Connecticut. He belongs to one of the old 
 Puritan families, with a history dating back sev- 
 eral hundred years, and having representatives in 
 all branches of life. His own father was Erastus 
 Huntington, who was a graduate of Yale College, and a 
 prominent manufacturer of Norwich. His mother was a 
 daughter of General Joseph Williams, a leading merchant 
 and prominent public man in Connecticut in the last century. 
 In the year 1836 the subject of this sketch, having finished 
 his school education in his native town, entered the tiueens- 
 ware store of his brother at Cleveland, Ohio. In 1838 he 
 became a principal in the business, in connection with 
 Charles V. Wallack, afterwards Mayor of Washington City. 
 In the following year Mr. Wallack retired, and Mr. Oliver 
 A. Brooks entered the house, which then became Hunting- 
 ton & Brooks. This house still exists, and is one of the 
 
190 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCL 0 P.L;DIA. 
 
 oldest fimis in Ohio in which the original members are yet 
 managers. It has never met any reverses. In 1843, find- 
 ing the field of their operations too small, they established a 
 house in Cincinnati, of which .\Ir. Huntington became man- 
 ager, residing in that city. In 1845 they began the direct 
 importation of glassware from Europe, a hazardous adven- 
 ture at that time, but which was eminently successful. In 
 1854 he was elected President of the Voung Men’s Mer- 
 cantile Library Association. In 1868 he was elected Di- 
 rector of the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railroad 
 Company ; and he has been variously connected with 
 schemes for advancing the interests of the city. Amid the 
 cares and responsibilities of his active business career, he 
 has found time to make several trips to Europe. Eew men 
 of his age enjoy better health, and seldom can a man be 
 found at any age with a memory so extraordinary. He has 
 at times reproduced on paper, from memory, whole lectures 
 heard on the most abstruse subjects, and that in the most 
 rapid manner. His personal habits have been unexception- 
 able. His social and bu.^iness reputations are praiseworthy, 
 and he is a sincere Christian. He has been twice married ; 
 first, in 1846, to the daughter of Rev. .Samuel Johnston, the 
 earliest rector of St. Paul’s Protestant Episcopal Church of 
 Cincinnati, a lady of most attractive qualities, by whom he 
 had two living children — Edward Hallam and Frank; July 
 22(1, 1S73, he was married to Mrs. Augusta M. Shumway, 
 of Chic.rgo, daughter of William S. Johnston, of Cincinnati. 
 This lady is a cousin of his former wife, and is of great re- 
 ligious and social worth. She has travelled over the greater 
 part of the world. Among some noble charities she has 
 built a fine church, at a cost of $30,000, at Faribault, Min- 
 nesota. 
 
 EHRMANN, LOUIS F., Furniture Manufacturer 
 and Dealer, and one of the most notew’orthy self- 
 made men of Cincinnati, was born in Germany in 
 1820. In 1837 he came to the United States and 
 at once located in Cincinnati, where his father had 
 preceded the rest of his family in the year 1834. 
 In making the trip to Cincinnati over the country, Mr. 
 Wehrmann walked from Baltimore -to Wheeling. This 
 event he remembers as no particular hardship to that which 
 the boys of those days were required to submit. Now a 
 trip to the Brighton, or any short distance in the city, must 
 be made on the cars. Soon after arriving in Cincinnati, he 
 obtained a situation, at $50 a year, with boarding included. 
 At this rate he had contracted for five years, but his friends 
 being dissatisfied with the treatment he received, in a few 
 months he was induced to seek a better place. This he se- 
 cured in a furniture and upholstering establishment, where 
 he learned a trade, and remained five years. In the mean- 
 time his father having started a bakery, he then went into 
 that and served a regular apprenticeship. Afterwards work- 
 iiiT a while in the furniture-house where he had learned his 
 
 trade, and having saved the greater part of the money he 
 had earned, in 1847 he started the furniture business for 
 himself, with a capital of a few hundred dollars. At the 
 time of arriving in Cincinnati, he was penniless, and during 
 the ten years of labor from 1837 to 1847, he bad never made 
 more than from one to seven dollars a week, yet he was able 
 to start business on his own account, with a fine reputation 
 and an almost unlimited credit. This he has continued 
 unbroken to the present time, and now has one of the largest 
 and most prosperous furniture establishments, chiefly retail, 
 in the city. And in a noiseless way, for twenty years, doing 
 a straight, legitimate business, he has become one of the 
 solid men of the town. He married Catharine Nichter, who 
 came to the United States during the same year in which he 
 himself arrived. They have a family of seven children. 
 One of his sons is now in business with him. Mr. Wehr- 
 mann received but a rudimentary common school education 
 in the old country, to which he has made from time to time 
 such additions as he could throughout his business career 
 here, and certainly most deservedly stands among the class 
 of quiet, una-ssuming self-made men, who have not only 
 gathered themselves competencies, but honorable reputations 
 among their fellow-men. 
 
 t(|j( 
 
 I 
 
 ¥ 
 
 OHNSON, ORANGE, Banker,_was born in Mans- 
 field, Connecticut, F'ebruary 7th, 1790. Until the 
 year 1S07 he resided with his parents, assisting his 
 father in the cultivation of his farm, and attending 
 school during the winter seasons. In that year he 
 was apprenticed to a comb-maker to learn the 
 trade, and continued in this business in Mansfield, Souther- 
 iimton, Berlin, and Pllica, New York, until 1814, when he 
 started for Ohio, making the journey on horseback, and 
 meeting his expenses by the sale of combs. On August l ith, 
 1814, he arrived at Worthington, Ohio, and established the 
 comb business in that place, on a capital of $16.50, the ag- 
 gregate of all the money he possessed. His first customer, 
 Robert Neil, of the firm of William & Robert Neil, mer- 
 chants, of Urbana, made a wholesale purchase amounting to 
 $10.50. In order to pack his goods in a merchantable 
 manner, and to show them off to the best advantage, he 
 needed paper and twine, but a thorough search of the town 
 failed in finding them. He secured the services of “ Mother 
 Fairfield ” to spin the twine, and in the morning, with this, 
 and with paper which, during the night, he had accidentally 
 discovered, he was enalded to present Mr. Neil with his 
 wholesale purchases infra forma condition. The business 
 thus commenced grew rapidly and prosperously. In 1827 he 
 was appointed Commissioner to open a turnpike road to San- 
 dusky, and he was occupied in this labor about ten years. 
 During this period he was engaged in farming and in deal- 
 ing in real estate, his ventures being judiciously made. He 
 was also appointed, with two other gentlemen, to make the 
 first survey for a railroad to Xenia, and in all the public ser- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 igi 
 
 vices into which he was called, he distinguished his labors 
 by intelligence and by energy. P'or many years he was a 
 director of the old Clinton Hank, serving with his firm friend, 
 D. \V. Deshler. He was also a director in the P'ranklin 
 National and State Bank, and exhibited excellent qualities 
 as a financier and a man.ager of responsible monetary in- 
 stitutions. When Mr. Johnson first reached that section of 
 the State which for so long a time was the scene of his active 
 labors, he found it sparsely settled, its many resources but 
 partially developed, and the people comparatively poor. 
 Only a small amount of money was in circulation, and this 
 raised serious obstacles in the path of his business career, 
 which would have discouraged men of less nerve and perse- 
 verance. In the face of adverse circumstances he carried 
 on his business interests resolutely, and was able to gradually 
 accumulate a large amount of property. He became a 
 resident of Columbus, Ohio, in 1862, but before that time 
 was prominently engaged in labors which beneficially af- 
 fected its permanent prosperity, and since he has become 
 one of its citizens he has aided largely in the support of 
 public improvements. He erected the Johnson Block and 
 Sesiions Block, and in many ways contributed to increase 
 the vital business interests of the city. His foresight, good 
 judgment and energy have rendered him remarkably suc- 
 cessful as a mechanic, farmer, manufacturer, contractor and 
 banker, and while iie has acquired a large fortune, it has 
 been honorably earned. No man ever questioned his fair 
 dealing and integrity of action, and no man deserves more 
 than he the respect which the public accord to him. Al- 
 though over fourscore years of age, he still retains his place 
 in business circles, as a partner in the Commercial Bank. 
 He has the affection of his family, the warm friendship of 
 associates, the comforts and the luxuries of a home of ease, 
 and with advancing years he finds increasing instead of de- 
 creasing contentment. He was married in August, 1815, to 
 Achsa Maynard. 
 
 ROWN, WILLIAM L., Editor and Proprietor of 
 The Alahoning Vindicator, was born in Chitten- 
 den county, Vermont, December 25th, 1840. He 
 is of Irish extraction. His early education was 
 acquired in Canfield, Mahoning county. In the 
 years following school life, he was engaged in 
 teaching, and in studying law. He was admitted to the bar 
 in 1862, and subsequently practised his profession for about 
 nine years. At the present time he is engrossed in journal- 
 istic labors, being the editor and proprietor of The Alahon- 
 ing Vindicator, a journal of acknowledged influence and 
 great literary merit. During the late war of the Rebellion, 
 he served as Lieutenant in the 88th Regiment of Ohio Volun- 
 teer Infantry, and al .0 as Recruiting Officer of the I25lh 
 Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He officiated as first 
 Clerk in the House of the. first Territorial Legislature of 
 Montana. Subsequently returning to Ohio, he acted as 
 
 Aide-de-Camp to Governor William Allen. In the fall of 
 1875 he was the Democratic candidate for State Senator in 
 the Twenty-third .Senatorial District of Ohio, running largely 
 ahead of his ticket. He has always manifested a warm inter- 
 est in the educational and political questions of the day, and 
 is to be commended for the shrewdness and liberality which 
 he brings to bear upon the leading topics of the time. 
 
 ILLIAMS, JAMES, State Auditor of Ohio, was 
 born in Prince George’s county, Maryland, May 
 31st, 1822, his father, John W. Williams, being 
 of English and AVelsh descent, and his mother, 
 whose maiden name was Eleanor Duval, being 
 of h'rencb Huguenot and English descent. The 
 family moved in 1831 to Champaign county, Ohio, in the 
 common schools of which he was educated. After leaving 
 school he became a clerk in a country merchant store, and 
 in 1840 began the study of medicine. He graduated, after 
 pursuing a thorough course of study, in 1S43, and ])ractised 
 with much success during the three succeeding years. He 
 subsequently turned his attention to mercantile pursuits, and 
 to the profession of teaching, fur which he was well quali- 
 fied.- He served in the Legislature during the sessions of 
 1852 and 1853, and afterw'ards became an assistant in the 
 State Auditor’s office, acting first as clerk and then as 
 deputy, until 1871, when he w-as elected Auditor of the 
 State, being honored with a re-election in 1875. In this 
 important department of the State administration, he has 
 served .altogether over tw-enty years, and by the election of 
 1875 was chosen for a further term of four years. His long 
 experience in the office, his complete knowledge of all the 
 details of its business and his skill as an executive, have 
 rendered his discharge of the duties of auditor wholly satis- 
 factory to the people at large in the State. He wms a Whig 
 until the formation of the Republican party, w'ith which he 
 has ever since been connected. He served as a Justice of 
 the Peace for a short time, and in this, as in his later and 
 more important capacities, he won the confidence and the 
 esteem of his fellow'-citizens. He w-as married in May, 
 1844, and by this marriage had tw'o children, one of \^ hom 
 survives. He was again married, in 1848, and had five chil- 
 dren, four of whom are living. 
 
 ING, WILLIAM HENRY, Shoe Manufacturer, 
 w'as born in Leicester, W'orcester county, Massa- 
 chusetts, August 25th, 1818. While in Ids eighth 
 year he lost his father, and was then obliged to 
 commence the struggle of life alone and unaided. 
 For seven years he w'orked on a farm, receiving 
 during those years a limited elementary education. At the 
 age of fifteen he was placed to learn the shoemaker’s trade. 
 
192 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EHI A. 
 
 and found employment in one of the neighboring shops. 
 Until 1843 worked at his trade in Philadelphia and other 
 places, then settled in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he was en- 
 gaged in the only shoe factory then existing west of the 
 Allegheny mountains — the house of L. Chapin & Co., 
 which had absorbed the establishment of Badger & Co. 
 After L. Chapin & Co. failed, A. M. Taylor & Co. took 
 charge of the stock and remained in business until 1848. 
 He finally became foreman of the house, and acted in this 
 capacity until 1848, when he commenced business on his own 
 account, and opened a factory. That was then the second 
 wholesale boot manufactory in the western country, and 
 afterwards ranked with the most extensive establishments of 
 its kind beyond the mountains. With several changes of 
 locality, or street, he continued to prosecute his business in 
 the most prosperous manner until 1863, when he accepted 
 an appointment under the government as Inspector for 
 Army Shoe Supplies. He then disposed of his manufac- 
 turing interests by sale, and remained in the service of the 
 Government until the close of the war. Since then he has 
 not returned to manufacturing pursuits, but has spent his 
 time in work, or retirement, as the humor has seized him. 
 In tlie afftirs of the city he has filled various important 
 trusts, and is widely and favorably known as an enterprising 
 and loyal citizen. One of the pioneers of shoe manufactur- 
 ing in the West, he started his business with no machinery, 
 and in the face of environing difficulties which would have 
 disheartened a less energetic and sanguine spirit. And the 
 present prosperous state of the shoe manufacturing business 
 of Cincinnati, now one of the most important of her interests, 
 is in no small me.asure attributable to his untiring persever- 
 ance. He was married in 1843 to Harriet Day, of Phila- 
 delphia, Pennsylvania. After her demise he was again 
 married, in 1S49, to Sarah Higbee. 
 
 "OLEMAN, DAVID, M. D., was born in Washing- 
 ton county, Pennsylvania, March 24th, 1822. He 
 was the fifth child in a family of six children, 
 whose parents were William Coleman and Jane 
 (Boyce) Coleman. His father, a native of New 
 Jersey, followed through life agricultural pursuits, 
 he settled in Carroll county, Ohio, whence he 
 moved, in 1846, to Adams county, where he resided until 
 his demise in 1854. His mother, a native of Washington 
 county, Pennsylvania, died in 1858. His ancestry, on the 
 paternal side, were identified with the revolutionary struggle. 
 Until his twentieth year w.as reached, he was employ'ed 
 alternately in working on a farm during the summer season, 
 and attending school in the winter months. Also, assuming 
 the role of educator at eighteen, he was engaged irregularly 
 in teaching until he was twenty-five years of age. In 1845, 
 his persevering application to literary studies having en- 
 dowed him with a varied store of excellent and useful at- 
 
 tainments, he commenced the study of medicine under the 
 supervision of Dr. C. V. McMillen, at Carrollton, Ohio. 
 During the following three years he devoted his time and 
 attention sedulously to his text books, and in the winters of 
 1S47, 1848 and 1849, attended lectures at the Western Re- 
 serve Medical College, located at Cleveland, Ohio. In 
 February, 1849, I’® graduated with honor from this institu- 
 tion, and subsequently removed to West Union, Adams 
 county, where he has since resided, engaged in the control 
 of an extensive medical practice. During the war of the 
 rebellion, he served for two years as Examining Surgeon in 
 the United States Provost Marshal’s office, of the Eleventh 
 Ohio Congressional District. He supports the Republican 
 party. Public office of a political or partisan nature he has 
 never either sought or accepted. The Presbyterian Church 
 cherishes the creed on which he bases his views of religion 
 and theology. He was married in 1851 to Elizabeth C. 
 Kirker, a native of Adams county, Ohio, and a relative of 
 ex-Governor Kirker, deceased. 
 
 ijljioORDON, THOMAS WINSLOW^ M. D., was born 
 at Warren, Trumbull county, Ohio, September 
 23d, 1819. He was the oldest child in a family 
 of thirteen children, whose parents were Robert 
 Gordon and Susanna Bacon (Winslow) Gordon. 
 Robert Gordon was a native of Washington county, 
 Pennsylvania, and came with his father’s family, when in 
 his fourth year, to the “Northwestern Territory.’’ He was 
 partially educated as a physician, but followed mechanical 
 pursuits through life, and became prominent as a m.aster 
 mechanic. His demise occurred February 12th, 1S72. 
 Thomas Gordon, the grandfather of Dr. Gordon, was a 
 native of Scotland, was an early pioneer in the West, and 
 settled in the “ Northwestern Territory,” in November, 
 1799, in the township of Poland, Trumbull (now Ma- 
 honing) county, Ohio. The mother of the subject of our 
 sketch, Susanna Bacon Winslow, was a native of the town 
 of Najtles, New York, her father, .Seth Winslow, having 
 removed from Massachusetts just before her birth. She was 
 descended in a direct line from Edward Winslow, one of 
 the immortal Pilgrims who crossed the Atlantic in the 
 famous ship “ Mayflower.” The various members of her 
 family were intimately identified with the revolutionary 
 struggle, and active and useful participants therein. She 
 died in 1849 'f* Warren, Trumbull county, Ohio. His early 
 
 education was received in the common schools and at the 
 Warren Academy. His more advanced literary and scien- 
 tific education was obtained by his own untiring individual 
 efforts and from private tutors noted for their scholastic at- 
 tainments. During vacations he assisted his father in the 
 manufacture of bricks and in building. In his fourteenth 
 year he began the study of anptomy and physiology under 
 the guidance of Dr. Sylvanus Seely, of W’arren, Ohio. Sub- 
 
i^Alajy Puif Co Wn^***^ 
 
. < 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EA'CVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 193 
 
 seqiienlly, for a period of almost ten years, lie pursued the 
 study of the various departments of medicine conjointly with 
 science and languages. In this time he travelled through 
 the West, investigating the nature and iieculiarities of dis- 
 eases prevalent in the regions visited. He frequently found 
 difficulty (being quite young) in obtaining the permission of 
 physicians to visit their patients. He therefore commenced 
 operating for “ club foot,” “ strabismus,” removal of tumors, 
 etc., etc., and from that time forward had all the opportuni- 
 ties he desired to carry on his self-imposed investigations. 
 The last two years of his student life was spent in the office 
 of D. B. Woods, W. D., of Warren, Ohio. W'hen almost 
 e.vhausled with the more severe or abstruse studies of his 
 profe.ssion, he used to take his botany and proceed to the 
 forests, and there investigate the laws of that science as a 
 recreation. In the summer and autumn of 1S44 he attended 
 a preliminary course of lectures at the Willoughby University, 
 and during the regular sessions of 1S44, 1S45 1846, at- 
 
 tended lectures at the Cleveland Medical College, where he 
 graduated with honors in 1846 (having passed an e.xamina- 
 tion by the faculty the year previous), and received from it a 
 certificate of qualification to practise his profession. He 
 began the active practice of medicine in Bazetta, Trumbull 
 county, Ohio, where he remained until 1850, when he re- 
 moved to Georgetown, Brown county, where he has since 
 resided, continuously engaged in the practice of medicine 
 and surgery, when not absent fulfilling the various duties 
 devolving on him as a professor in a medical college and 
 as surgeon in the army. He took an irregular course of law 
 reading under the supervision of Hon. John J. Crowell, of 
 W arren— nowof Cleveland, Ohio — before leaving the North. 
 After his removal to Georgetown he read law regularly for 
 more than two years, devoting all his spare time to its study, 
 under instructions from John G. Marshall, Esq., of George- 
 town, and holds a certificate of qualification, dated January 
 7th, 1854. Not intending to practise law as a profession, 
 he never applied for “ admission to the bar.” In 1853 he 
 became a member of the American Medical Association, 
 and in 1856 was appointed Chairman of the Committee on 
 Etiology and Pathology of Epidemic Cholera liy that asso- 
 ciation. In the autumn of 1854 and the following winter 
 and spring, he edited the Independent American, a weekly 
 literaiy and political newspaper, published at Georgetown. 
 In 1857-58 he was Profe.ssorof Materia Medica and Thera- 
 peutics, and in 1858-59-60 Professor of Chemistry and 
 Pharmacy, in the “ Cincinnati College of Medicine and 
 Surgery.” In the war of the rebellion he was .Surgeon of the 
 97th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served in that 
 capacity and as Brigade Surgeon from August, 1862, until 
 June, 1864, when he was obliged to resign his commis- 
 sion on account of disability arising from a wound received 
 in the memorable battle of Missionary Ridge, fought No- 
 vember 25th, 1863. He was appointed United States 
 Examining Surgeon for Pensions in November, 1862, which 
 position he continues to hold. He has delivered several 
 
 25 
 
 popular lectures, which have been highly extolled ; espe- 
 cially his lecture on the “Miracles of Man.” He has 
 written many articles on literary and scientific subjects, 
 which have been published in various papers and magazines. 
 Over various nom de plumes (chiefly that of OrI(5X), he has 
 irublished many poems. He was for several years the Presi- 
 dent of a literary club formed by writers of Brown and 
 Clermont counties, bearing the name “ Poetical Union.” 
 He was a member of the first meteorological society formed 
 in the West — if not the first in the United States — and was 
 made its temporary chairman. He was the first President 
 of the Brown County Academy of Medicine. He has con- 
 tributed many articles of acknowledged ability to prominent 
 medical journals. His essays, read before the Ohio State 
 Medical Society, on “ Cholera,” “ Scarlatina,” etc., deserve 
 special mention as reports of very careful investigation and 
 value. In 1874 he was a candidate for Congress on the 
 Republican ticket in the district composed of the counties 
 of Ross, Pike, Highland, Adams and Brown, one of the 
 strongest Democratic districts in the .State, making a gain 
 on the Republican State ticket, when all other districts lost 
 ground. He has always evinced an earnest interest in the 
 polilical questions and movements of the day, and cast his 
 first vote in favor of General Harrison. Religiously, his 
 views are liberal, and not hedged about by the doctrines of 
 any particular creed, though a firm believer in an All-wise 
 Supreme Being. He was married, November 14th, 1836, 
 to Minerva Elvira Scoville, a native of Trumbull county, 
 whose decease occurred December 20th, 1869. By her he 
 had eight children, six of whom are living. His eldest son, 
 S. C. Gordon, M. D., was an assistant surgeon and surgeon 
 during the war. He was again married, November 14th, 
 1872, to Elizabeth Norman Dugan, a native of Brown 
 county, Ohio. 
 
 ISHER, JOHN C., Editor, was born on the 15th 
 of December, 1840, in Muskingum county, Ohio. 
 His father, William Fisher, was a farmer, and he 
 was the oldest son. It may readily be supposed, 
 therefore, th.at, in his case, hard work took prece- 
 dence of hard study, and that, so far as school ex- 
 periences constitute education, his early education was but 
 limited. Notwithstanding the lack of early opportunities, 
 however, he had, by the time he reached the age of eighteen, 
 (pialified himself to teach district school, and from that time 
 until he was twenty-five years old, he devoted his winters to 
 teaching. By this means he was enabled to meet the ex- 
 pense involved in a course of study at Dennison University, 
 Granville, and another course .at the Columbus Commercial 
 College. Dividing his time thus between studying, teaching 
 and working on the farm, he went on until the spring of 
 1866, when, with the surplus which he had saved by 
 strictest economy, out of his earnings, he purchased the 
 Coshocton Democrat, and entered upon tlie arduous and 
 
194 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 varied labors of journalism. Pie still continues to conduct 
 the Deniocral, and has made it what it is — one of the most 
 carefully edited and influential papers in the State, outside 
 of Cincinnati. As an editorial writer he has acquired a 
 high reputation, and as an enterprising and skilful journalist 
 he has few superiors. Politically he is a Democrat, and has 
 acted with the Democratic party ever since he became a 
 voter, and now he is recognized as one of the ablest leaders 
 of his party in the State, or at least in his section of it. In 
 1S73 ''s was elected, on the Democratic ticket, to the State 
 .Senate, from the Eighteenth District, embracing Coshocton 
 and Tuscarawas counties. lie was made Chairman of the 
 Senate Committees on Public Printing and Enrolment, and 
 also a member of the Committees on Revision, Common 
 .Schools, Mines and Mining and Public Works. He took 
 a high rank as a parliamentarian and as an active and able 
 committeeman. He was especially noted for his close atten- 
 tion to all the business that came before the Senate, and for 
 his excellent judgment on all legislalive questions, while he 
 earned the confidence and esteem of his constituents by the 
 earnestness with which he advocated measures of reform, 
 and the skill with which he managed local legislation which 
 he considered worthy of his support. In March, 1875, he 
 was appointed l)y Governor Allen one of the three Fish 
 Commissioners for Ohio, to the duties of which position he 
 is now devoting much of his time and energy. He is also 
 a Director of the Massillon & Coshocton Railway Company. 
 H e was married on the 15th of December, 1869, to Sarah A. 
 Hawthorne, a descendant of the family to which Nathaniel 
 Hawthorne, the author, belonged. 
 
 
 .VUERTH, GEORGE V., Author and Lawyer, was 
 born in Dayton, Ohio, January 29th, 1S44, being 
 
 the son of John V. and Louisa Nauerth, both na- 
 tives of the district of Landeau, in the Rhenish 
 Palatinate, Germany. His falh.r, a baker by 
 trade, emigrated to America in 1831, and after a 
 short residence in Cincinnati, settled permanently in Dayton. 
 George V. was educated in Miami University, at Oxford, 
 Ohio, and when eighteen graduated from that institution with 
 the class of 1862, and with the second honors. He received 
 at this time the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and subse- 
 quently that of Master of Arts, conferred in course. Imme- 
 diately upon leaving college, he went to Europe, where for 
 a year he studied civil law under Carl Adolph V'on Vange- 
 row, and criminal law under the eminent jurist, John Mitte- 
 maier, in the Charles Rupert University, at Heidelberg. P'or 
 some months after leaving this institution, he travelled 
 through the northern states of Europe, and then went to 
 Paris, where he entered the University of France, and during 
 eight months attended the course of lectures on civil law 
 ami the code Napoleon, at the Ecole de Droit. He con- 
 cluded his stay in Europe with a trip through southern 
 
 France, Switzerland and Italy, and returned home in the 
 summer of 1864. In the fall of that year he entered the 
 Cincinnati Eaw School, from which he graduated, and in 
 the following April was admitted to the bar, within three 
 months after he had attained his majority. He began prac- 
 tice at once in Dayton, with Thomas O. Lowe, subsequently 
 Judge of the Superior Court. In 1867 he was elected 
 Prosecuting Attorney for Montgomery county, on the Demo- 
 cratic ticket, and upon the expiration of his term in 1870, 
 his former partner, Mr. Lowe, having in the meantime been 
 elevated to the bench, he resumed the practice of law, and 
 conducted it alone until 1873, when he formed a partnership 
 with Judge McKenny, who had just resigned his seat on the 
 Common Pleas Bench. This partnership still continues, 
 and the firm are engaged in a large and important practice 
 in that section of the State. Mr. Nauerth, not only from his 
 thorough legal training, hut from his scholarly attainments, 
 and his perfect mastery of the three great modern languages, 
 took, in a very short time from the commencement of his 
 career, a high position at the bar. He is careful in the prep- 
 aration of his cases, keen as a cross-examiner, and eloquent 
 and forciltle as a pleader, his arguments being models of ar- 
 rangement and expression. He has made some scholarly 
 translations of important works, which he has never pub- 
 lished, and is now engaged in the preparation of a history 
 of. Germany, which, handsomely illustrated, will soon be 
 issued in three octavo volumes. It will follow the histories 
 of the principal historians of Germany, though it will be in 
 no sense a translation. There is a want of some popular 
 English work on German history, and this is intended to 
 meet the wishes of students and the reading public. Mr. 
 Nauerth has fine artistic discrimination, and is himself skil- 
 ful in the use of the brush. F'or some time he studied 
 under an excellent master, and with a natural talent for the 
 art, succeeded admirably. He has a very fine art collection 
 of engravings, embracing many rare pieces. 
 
 VERS, HON. JOHN L., State Representative from 
 Fayette county in the Sixty-first General Assembly 
 of Ohio, was born in Botetourt county, Virginia, 
 August 7th, 1803, his parents being Samuel and 
 Elizabeth (.Smith) Myers. His father was a native 
 of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and his mother of 
 the State in which he was born. He came with them in 
 1807 to Ohio, and settled in Fayette county, in the common 
 schools of which he received his education. In 1828 he 
 began life as a farmer and stock raiser, and now has an 
 estate of twelve hundred acres. He entered energetically 
 to work in the course he had marked out, and took every 
 step to improve the value of the stock which was raised upon 
 his farm. He was the first to introduce into Fayette county 
 the Durhams, and in a short time became known as one of 
 the most successful raisers of fine cattle in the State. He 
 
BIOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 195 
 
 is a stockholder in the Sciota Importing Company, an asso- 
 ciation formed for the purpose of bringing from England 
 blooded stock, and has himself raised a great many prize 
 Durham cattle. His political affiliations have been with 
 the Whig, Eree-soil and ke]ntblican parties. His first vote 
 was cast for John Quincy Adams for President, and since 
 then he has been an influential citizen in his section in con- 
 ducting and controlling political affairs. In' 1873 he was 
 elected from Fayette to the House of Representatives, on 
 the Republican ticket, and participated with zeal and intel- 
 ligence in all the legislation performed by the Sixty-first 
 General -Vssembly of Ohio. He was placed on the Com- 
 mittees on Roads and Turnpikes, Soldiers’ and Sailors’ 
 Orphans’ Home, and an Asylum for Disabled Soldiers. 
 He has rendered valuable services to his constituency both 
 in the committee room and on the floor of the lower House. 
 He has taken a great interest in public works of his locality, 
 and has especially distinguished himself in his long-con- 
 tinued and able efforts to increase the efficiency of the 
 system for popular instruction. On November 4th, 1828, 
 he married Catharine Vance, of his own county, by whom 
 he has had nine children, seven surviving, two being sons. 
 One of these, John J., was Lieutenant in the 60th Ohio 
 Volunteer Infantry. Mr. Myers owes to his own unaided 
 efforts the position he has attained in society and the 
 competency he has amassed. 
 
 ra'iA’ 
 
 "I 
 
 WEN.S, JOB E., one of the Founders of the Owens, 
 Lane & Dyer Machine Company, was born in 
 Wales, and came to America while quite young, 
 settling in Columbus, Ohio, where his early days 
 were passed. While there he served an appren- 
 ticeship at the trade of iron moulder under Joseph 
 Ridgway & Co., with whom he remained for eight or nine 
 years. He subsequently moved to Cincinnati, where he 
 worked at his trade as journeyman for two years.. In 1846 
 he removed to Hamilton, in the same State, and in com- 
 pany with Jacob Ebbert an 1 Elbridge G. Dyer founded the 
 firm of Owens, Eb!)eit & D.er, in the foundry and stove 
 business. After a prosperous peiiod of eight years the firm, 
 by the death of Jacob Ebbert, became Owens, Lane & 
 Dyer, Clark Lane taking the place of the deceased partner. 
 Contemporaneously the business of the house was changed 
 from the manufacture of stoves to the making of agricul- 
 tural machinery, steam engines and saw mills. At the 
 expiration of seventeen years of successful operation the 
 company was incorporated under the style and title of 
 “The Owens, Lane & Dyer Machine Company,’’ while 
 eight or ten new partners were admitted to a share in the 
 business. At the present time he acts as President of the 
 company, a position for which he is eminently qualifietl by 
 his sterling business talents. His name has always been 
 prominently identified with every project tending to in- 
 
 crease the material prosperity and further the improvement 
 of the city and county of which he is a respected and an in- 
 fluential citizen, and his purse is always open to the appeal 
 of charity and for the sustenance of the various city enter- 
 prises which meet with his approval as wdsely conceived 
 measures. While taking an active interest in the political 
 movements of the hour, and possessing a powerful influence 
 on affairs in his community, he has yet never permitted his 
 name to appear as the candidate for any office. His first 
 entry into political life was made with the Whig party, 
 under the leadership of Henry Clay. On the dismember- 
 ship of that organization, in 1858, however, he W'eni, w ith 
 the Silver Gray Whigs, over to the Democratic party, to 
 which he has since given his support. 
 
 ILSON, PETER L., retired Farmer, ex-Counfy 
 Commissioner and ex-'l'reasurer of Brown County, 
 Ohio, w'as born in Rochdale, Lancashire county, 
 England, April 30th, i£o6. He was the third 
 child of William H. Wilson and Elizabeth (Wild) 
 Wilson. His father, a native of Vorkshire, Eng- 
 land, wdio W'as for many years engaged in manufacturing 
 pursuits, came to America in 181S, and settled in Lewis 
 township. Brown county, Ohio. At the expiration of a few 
 months he moved to Washington, Mason county, Kentucky, 
 where he resided for about twenty years. He then removed 
 to Missouri, whence, at the end of a year, he moved to 
 Indiana. He finally returned to Ohio, made his home with 
 his son for some time, and later settled in Cincinnati, where 
 his decease occurred. His mother, a native of Lancashire, 
 England,' came with her family to the United States a short 
 time after her husband, who, being a manufacturer, could 
 not leave his native country except by stealth. His early 
 education was of a very limited kind, but the lack of pri- 
 mary training was eventually more than counterbalanced 
 by his naturai gifts and love of books. His first occupation 
 in life w'as clerking in a dry-goods store at Augusta, 
 Bracken county, Kentucky, where he w'as employed for 
 about two years. He then began the reading of medicine 
 under the guidance of Dr. Keith, of Augusta, and pursued 
 his studies during the following two years. Later, he left 
 his preceptor and remained with his father in Washington, 
 Mason county, Kentucky, engaged in assisting him in his 
 manufactory. Afterward he was employed in a store in 
 the same place to sell goods, and w'as finally sent as a sales- 
 man to dispose of stock in Georgetown, Brown county, 
 Ohio. This mission accomplished, he resolved to resume 
 *liis medical studies, and jdaced himself accordingly under 
 the supervision of Dr. Buckner, of Georgetown. At the 
 expiration of one year, however, he decided to renounce 
 entirely the profession of medicine, and in 1826 opened a 
 public house, and was constantly engaged in this business 
 in Georgetown for a period of twenty years. In 1840 he 
 
196 
 
 BIOGRAPIIICAL ENCVCLOPyEDIA. 
 
 was appointed County Auditor, and fdled that office from 
 October of this year until the following March. During 
 1835, 1836 and 1837 he was Justice of the Peace, and also 
 during the later years of 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872 and 
 1S73. 1847 he moved on to his farm, four miles distant 
 
 from Georgetown, and there has since permanently resided. 
 While pursuing the occupation of farmer he has also been 
 constantly identified in a measure with public business and 
 aff.iirs, and for several years past has filled the position of 
 principal assistant for many of the auditors and treasurers 
 of Brown county. In 1851, or thereabout, he was ap- 
 pointed County Commissioner, to fill the balance of an un- 
 expired term, and in 1870 was elected to this office to serve 
 the full term of three years. In March, 1874, he was 
 appointed Treasurer of the county, to again occupy the 
 liosition for the balance of an unexpired term. He has 
 since acted as assistant for the County Treasurer and 
 Auditor. He gives his support to the Democratic party, 
 and cast his first vote in favor of General Jackson. P'or 
 many years he has been a prominent Mason. In days gone 
 by, his and the Grant family having at one time lived under 
 the same roof, he often held in his arms the child who is 
 now the President of the United States, and often recalls 
 many attendant incidents with a proud and pleasant smile. 
 Although now in his seventieth year his powers, physical 
 and mental, are in an adniirabie state of preservation, while 
 time seems to have but mellowed his many sterling attri- 
 butes. He was married in 1826 to Paulina Woods, who 
 was born on the farm on which stands the present George- 
 town. Her father, Allen Woods, an early pioneer of Brown 
 county, moved from Kentucky to Ohio, having emigrated 
 to the former State from Ireland, his native country. In 
 1S18 he laid out a part of Georgetown. The issue of 
 this union was thirteen children. 
 
 EXTON, JOSEPH A., Lawyer and ex- Judge of 
 the Superior Court for Greene County, Ohio, was 
 l)orn in Frederick county, Virginia, A]nil loth, 
 1826. His parents, also natives of I'rederick 
 county, Virginia, emigrated to Ohio in 1829, and 
 settled in Greene county. His father, Joseph 
 Sexton, was a lawyer, and prior to his removal to the West 
 had represented his county many times in the Legislature 
 of Virginia. After locating himself in Ohio he resumed 
 the practice of his profession, and engaged also in agricul- 
 tural pursuits. The subject of this sketch attended the 
 common schools of Greene county, but his education was 
 acquired principally at a later date, and to him may be 
 properly applied the expression, a self-taught man. In 
 1848 he commenced the study of law under the preceptor- 
 ship of William Ellsberry, one of the pioneer legal prac- 
 titioners of southern Ohio. In 1850 he was admitted to the 
 bar, and at once entered on the practice of his profession at 
 
 I 
 
 Xenia, where he has since permanently resided, engaged 
 constantly in practice, except while on the bench. In 
 1853-54-55 he officiated as Mayor of Xenia, and iti the fall 
 of the latter year was elected Prosecuting Attorney, having 
 resigned the mayoralty; and in January, i860, after two 
 successive re-elections, resigned also this office. In April, 
 1871, he was elected Judge of the Superior Court for 
 Greene County, and in October, 1873, re-elected to 
 that position, which was held by him until May ist, 1875, 
 when a bill passed by the Legislature took effect authoriz- 
 ing the election of two additional Common Pleas judges for 
 the'subdivision including Greene county, and repealing the 
 act which had created the Superior Court. At the expira- 
 tion of his term he resumed the conduct of the practice in 
 which he is now engaged. In politics, he was a Whig 
 until the dissolution of his party, when he espoused the 
 principles of the Republican party, to rr hich he has since 
 given his support. He was married, January iith, i860, 
 to Minerva Scarfif, of Greene county. 
 
 ^ EVORE, DAVID G., Lawyer, was born in Union 
 township. Brown county, Ohio, March 31st, 
 1808, and was the seventh child in a family 
 consisting of ten children whose parents were 
 David Devore and Alice (Mann) Devore. His 
 father, a native of Washington county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, followed through life agricultural pursuits. He 
 moved to Kentucky at an early date, and settled at Ken- 
 ton’s Station. In l8co he removed to Union townshiji. 
 Brown county, Ohio, where he resided until his demise. 
 Many of his ancestors were active participants in the Revo- 
 lutionary struggle, notably, Nicholas Devore, his paternal 
 grandfather, who was one of the famous Morgan Riflemen 
 and an actor during Crawford’s defeat. His mother was a 
 native of New Jersey, and a daughter of Christopher Mann, 
 a prominent pioneer of Kentucky and Brown county, Ohio. 
 Until his nineteenth year w'as attained he worked on a 
 farm at the old homestead, on Red Oak creek. Union town- 
 ship, Brown county. During those years he received a 
 liberal education in various select schools, and in 1827 
 entered the Ohio University, at Athens. There he dili- 
 gently pursued a course of classical studies, and in 1S31 
 graduated with the first honor of his class. He then re- 
 turned to Brown county and began the reading of law 
 under the supervision of Archibald Liggett, a prominent 
 attorney of Ripley, Ohio. After continuing his studies with 
 this jireceptor for about six months he moved to George- 
 town, where he resumed his reading under the guidance 
 of Thom, as L. Hamer, an able pioneer attorney of Brown 
 county. In 1833 he passed the required examination and 
 was admitted to the bar. Hon. Thomas Corwin was on 
 that occasion one of the examiners. lantering at once on 
 the active practice of his profession, in partnership with 
 
BIOGRArillCAL ENX’YCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 197 
 
 Thomas L. Hamer, at Georgetown, he, in conjunction with 
 his associate, rapidly secured an extensive legal practice. 
 In 1833 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Brown 
 County, and in this position served faithfully for two years, 
 Of late years, in connection with his professional duties, he 
 has also interested himself in agricultural pursuits and gen- 
 eral speculations. Politically, he is a supporter of the 
 Democratic party, and cast his first vote in favor of General 
 Jackson. Religiously, he is a member of the Qndstian 
 Union organization. lie has always been a firm friend of 
 the temperance cause, and has never connected himself 
 with any secret societies. lie was married in 1837 to Re. 
 becca Murray, a native of Morgan county, Ohio, and the 
 daughter of an early pioneer of that county. Eight chil- 
 dren have been the products of this union. 
 
 Y HALLEN, JAMES R., Lawyer, was born, July 
 3d, 1834, iu Lexington, Kentucky. His father. 
 Rev. James Challen, traces his ancestry back 
 through a race of preachers to the p’rench 
 Huguenots, His maternal relatives are mostly 
 lawyers, his grandfather being David Bradford, 
 a captain in the British army at Braddock’s defeat and a 
 colonel through the entire Revolutionary war. His gal- 
 lantry and patriotism were rewarded by a Congressional 
 grant of fifteen thousand acres of land, In the “Annals of 
 Penrfsylvania ” his name appears as a lawyer, a politician 
 and a soldier. A county was named in his honor. He was 
 not only the leading counsel of the farmers and distillers in 
 the celebrated whiskey excise cases, but became their 
 major-general when they organized the famous insurrection 
 in 1792. He removed to Louisiana, and, although a large 
 slaveholder, was an earnest emancipationist, which prin- 
 ciple was early instilled into his grandson ; for it is recorded 
 that in 1848, when James R. Challen was but fourteen 
 years old, he delivered one of Wendell Phillips’ orations at 
 the anti-slavery convention at Spring Garden, near Cincin- 
 nati. His parents had removed to this city in his child- 
 hood, his father being the first pastor of the First Christian 
 Church. Here he was educated in the common schools 
 and Woodward College, when Dr. Ray taught the mathe- 
 matics. He graduated at Bethany College, Virginia, in 
 1853. Alexander Campbell was then in full prime as a 
 teacher, lecturer, debater and divine. At this college 
 young Challen, still in his teens, established and edited 
 The Stylus, a pioneer college journal which gave evidence 
 of talent, scholarship and good-fellowship. After making 
 the tour of the continent he was called to a professorship in 
 the Somerset Collegiate Institute, Pennsylvania, in his 
 nineteenth year, and, when just twenty-one, to the chair of 
 the English Language and Literature in the Northwestern 
 Christian University, at Indianapolis, Indiana. Here he 
 reviewed not only the dead languages of the colleges, but 
 
 studied the dead Anglo-Saxon, the German and the 
 F'rench. He not only lectured in the class-room, but in 
 the forum and the pulpit ; and not only studied but prac- 
 tised music, gymnastics, field science and elocution. In 
 the last exercise he mentions with espeeial gratitude his old 
 trainer. Professor Kidd, a name famous in histrionic art. 
 With all these studies he combined law, and immediately 
 after graduating from the Law College was employed to try 
 cases, while still a professor. As might be expected, he 
 was soon devoted to this most exclusive of all professions. 
 He declined the proffered Presidency of the Indiana Uni- 
 versity, at Bloomington, vacated by Hon. William Daly. 
 In the winter of 185S-59 he opened an office in Cincinnali, 
 where he has been ever since a zealous and successful prac- 
 titioner at the bar, except while in army service. When 
 the rebellion broke out, in April, 1861, that very month he 
 was chosen captain of a company of over one hundred 
 Union men. In August he became Lieutenant-Colonel of 
 the 48th Ohio, and in September went into command at 
 Camp Hamilton as Lieutenant-Colonel of the 69th Ohio 
 Volunteer Infantry. Camp life being distasteful to him, he 
 was detailed to staff duty as Judge-Advocate. Upon his 
 return home he at once entered upon a good practice, and 
 has continued in it without interruption. He has never 
 sought and never held public office. He is a hard and 
 continual student in law, literature and science; his library, 
 liis cabinet, his essays and lectures, as well as cases, illus- 
 trating his zeal, industry and wide range of labors. In 
 science, conchology and geology receive special attention. 
 Patent cases have been among his specialties ; and in many 
 important cases he has used scientific facts and principles, 
 evolved in the field and laboratory, to incalculable advan- 
 tage to his clients. In no sense a politician, he has always 
 been active and foremost in the political movements of his 
 day. He stumped the State of Indiana in 1S56 in favor 
 of John C. F'remont for President, and Ohio in i860 for 
 Abraham Idncoln. He was a delegate to the National 
 Liberal Convention of 1872, and vigorously supported 
 Charles Francis Adams before that convention as candidate 
 for the Presidency. In the Greeley campaign he was 
 silent. F'or some years his life has been more retired, his 
 labors less conspicuous than in earlier life, though equally 
 useful, especially to his family, friends and the reading 
 public; for he is a constant, though impersonal, contributor 
 not only to monthlies and weeklies, but to that mightiest 
 of all factors, the daily press. When rest from the ex- 
 haustive labors of the class-room or office was required, 
 instead of seeking it in idleness at some fashionable water- 
 ing-place, it has been his constant habit to rejiair to the 
 .Mleghenies, the Rocky mountains, the great lakes, or the 
 South, and there explore caves and canons, mines, cataracts 
 and other objects worthy of study and of descri])tion, and 
 with his pen and pencil portray them to the public. In 
 these peripatetic journeys collections of specimens valuable 
 in science have been made, forming a large and very com- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 19S 
 
 plete cabinet of shells, minerals, ores and cave deposits. 
 These pursuits have been to him an accomplishment as 
 well as a recreation. A valuable contribution to science as 
 well as literature would be the reproduction of these recol- 
 lections of a busy and well-spent life, and dissertations 
 upon nature, its curiosities, beauties and utilities, compiled 
 in a volume or volumes. But Mr. Challen declines to 
 prepare this, insisting that the age demands papers and 
 periodicals, but not books. 
 
 OGERS, JOHN G., M. D., was born near Cam- 
 den, New Jersey, April 29th, 1797, and was the 
 second child in a family of seven children whose 
 parents were Levi Rogers and Anna (George) 
 (9^7-^ Rogers. His father was a native of Maryland, 
 and in early life an itinerant Methodist preacher; 
 be married Anna George, the only child of John George 
 and .Sarah George, and settled in New Jersey; relinquished 
 the itinerancy of Methodist preacher and studied medicine; 
 attended lectures in Philadelphia, under the instructions of 
 Professors Rush, Shippen, Wister, Barton and others; com- 
 menced the practice of medicine in the .State of New Jersey, 
 under its laws, in 1798. After practising his profession 
 several years with brilliant success he removed to Ohio in 
 1804, and settled in Williamsburg, county of Clermont. 
 In iSlo he removed to Bethel, in the same county, it being 
 a more central location. He was an ardent and laborious 
 student, widely known and greatly esteemed for his intelli- 
 gence and skill in his profession ; he served one term in the 
 Senate of Ohio, and in the war of 1812 was Surgeon of 
 the 19th Regiment of Infantry. His demise occurred in 
 Bethel, Clermont county, Ohio, April 4th, 1815, in the 
 forty-seventh year of his age; his wife, a native of New 
 Jersey, who survived him many years, died in Batavia, 
 Clermont county, Ohio, Octolier 13th, 1856. He wdiose 
 name stands at the head of this article was designed at an 
 early age by his father for the medical profession ; after 
 having acquired the knowledge usually taught in the 
 schools of that day he was placed under the instructions of 
 his father, at home in his office, where he received most 
 of his literary education and where the deep and broad 
 foundations of his professional life were laid ; his father 
 having a large practice in a new and sparsely settled 
 country was of necessity much from home, and many of 
 the duties of the office devolved on his son, who in boyhood 
 acquired great de.xterity in extracting teeth, bleeding and 
 many of the operations in minor surgery, as well as dis- 
 pensing medicine in the absence of his father, who died in 
 the sixteenth year of the son’s age. After this bereavement 
 he applied himself closely to the study of tnedicitie for two 
 years, under the instruction of Dr. William Wayland, who 
 settled in this county soon after the death of his father. 
 He received much practical and clinical instructions from 
 
 t 
 
 Dr. David Morris, in studying and investigating the malari- 
 ous diseases of that region while residing in his family, in 
 Lebanoti, Warren county, Ohio. After studying and prac- 
 tising two years longer, under the care atid instruction of 
 Dr. Zeno Fenn, an eminent physician of this county (Cler- 
 mont), his pupilage terminated, he having arrived at the 
 age of twenty-one. He was taught with much care by his 
 father an intimate knowledge of anatomy, and was con- 
 sidered a good anatomist by those who knew him. During 
 his long and varied pupilage he acquired an extensive 
 knowledge of the principles and practice of medicine, and 
 settled in New Richmond, June nth, 1818, Clermont 
 county, Ohio, where he soon became an extensive and suc- 
 cessful practitioner of medicine and surgery. In 1824 he 
 was appointed by the State Legislature, with others, to 
 organize the first District Medical Society of Ohio, com- 
 posed of the counties of Hamilton and Clermont. He 
 continued to practise medicine with great success up to 
 1825, when the Medical College of Ohio, in Cincinnati, 
 was fully organized by the appointment of Professors More- 
 head, Cobb, Whitman and Slack; attended lectures and 
 graduated in that institution in March, 1826. He assisted 
 in organizing the Clermont County Medical Society, and 
 became a member of the Ohio State Medical Society in 
 1853; also the American Medical Association. He per- 
 formed many important operations in surgery, in which he 
 was remarkably skilful and successful. He also was at one 
 time physician to the family of Jesse R. Grant, and offici- 
 ated at the birth of his son, Ldysses S. Grant, that distin- 
 gui.shed general and statesman, which took place on the 
 27th of April, 1822, and twice voted for his elevation to 
 the Presidency. He was married, October 19th, 1820, to 
 Julia Morris, daughter of Senator Thomas Morris, of Ohio, 
 who had the moral courage to deliver the first anti-slavery 
 speech in Congress, and who had the additional honor of 
 being denounced by Robert Toombs as a man who, by his 
 anti-slavery principles, polluted the very carpet upon which 
 he stood. By the death of his wife he was left with five 
 small children, four daughters and one son, of whom but 
 one, a daughter, now survives. The son, Levi M. Rogers, 
 received a medical education, jiractised his profession in 
 Cincinnati more than twenty years and died in the fiftieth 
 year of his age. His second marriage occurred November 
 iqlh, 1833, to Sarah Ann Mollynejiux, of Scotch-Irish 
 parentage, born in county Antrim, Ireland, a lady of piety 
 and culture. In politics, he was a Democrat of the Jackson 
 school, and voted twice for that distinguished statesman ; 
 but in more recent times was identified with the Republican 
 party, although never holding offiee, but in all public move- 
 ments endeavoring to advance the moral and educational 
 interests of the general community. In years gone by he 
 gained prominence as one of the earliest and most influ- 
 ential and unflinching opponents of that monstrous anomaly, 
 a slaveholding republic, and has lived to see his cherished 
 anti-slavery principles carried out and ado])ted by the gov- 
 
BIOGRArillCAL ENCVCLOP.IiDIA. 
 
 199 
 
 ernment. He now, being in his sevcnly-ninth year, has 
 retired from his professional labors and is enjoying a 
 quiet and peaceful old age. 
 
 HILSON, HON. JOHN R., M. D., Senator from 
 the Eighth District of Ohio, embracing the 
 counties of Meigs, Gallin, Lawson and Vinton, 
 was horn in Adams county, Pennsylvania, July 
 7th, 1S19. He is the son of David Philson and 
 Esther (Smith) Philson. His father, who was 
 eng.iged in agricultural pursuits, moved at an early day to 
 P'rederick county, Maryland. His early and elementary 
 education was acquired* in the common schools of Mary- 
 land. In 1839 he removed to Ohio and settled in Racine, 
 Meigs county, where he assumed the role of educator. 
 AVhile in his twenty-fifth year he began the study of medi- 
 cine, and in the spring of 1852 graduated from Starling 
 Medical College, at Columhus. In Racine he entered on 
 the practice of his profession. In 1861, at the outbreak of 
 the rebellion, he joined the United States forces as Surgeon 
 of the 4th Regiment of West Virginia Volunteer Infantry, a 
 body raised principally in the Ohio border counties. He 
 served efficiently in that cap.acity for three years, and was 
 mustered out October 3d, 1864. In the latter part of this 
 year he returned to his civil practice. P'rom 1871 to 1873, 
 while still continuing his professional labors, he acted as 
 Secretary and Treasurer of the Riverside Sait Company. 
 He was then elected, in the course of the latter year, to the 
 Senate, on the Republican ticket, having been nominated 
 without his knowledge. He has always been a supporter 
 of the Whig and Republican parties, and by his zealous 
 and well-directed labors has contributed importantly to the 
 welfare of his constituency and the general community. 
 He was married, March 4th, 1841, to Cynthia Ridding, of 
 Meigs county, Ohio, by whom he has had four children ; 
 of these three are now living — two sons and one daughter. 
 His oldest son, Lewis W. Philson, a graduate of Marietta 
 College, in the class of 1865, is now Professor of Mathe- 
 matics in East Tennessee University. 
 
 '^OGHLAND, BRICE V., M. D., was born in 
 Steubenville, Ohio, May 14th, 1819. He was 
 the second child in a family of eight children 
 whose parents were Jacob C. Hoghland and 
 Sallie (Veirs) Hoghland. His father, a native 
 of New York city, followed through life the oc- 
 cupation of fur-trading. He moved to Ohio in 1815, 
 settling in Steubenville, whence, in 1836, he removed to 
 Highland county, in the same State. In 1851 he made his 
 home in Youngsville, Adams county, and there resided 
 until his demise, in 1856. His mother, a native of Brooke 
 
 county, Virginia, died in the same place in 1857. P'rom 
 the age of seventeen until his twenty-fourth year was 
 reached he was constantly engaged in arduous farm labor. 
 His early education was liberal, and was received partly in 
 New York city. In 1843 he went into the grocery business, 
 and was engaged in it at Hillsborough, Highland county, 
 Ohio, for about two years. On relinquishing the grocery 
 business, having been occupied during five preceding years 
 in pursuing sedulously a course of medical study, he entered 
 upon the practice of medicine at Youngsville, where he 
 remained an active and successful practitioner until 1857. 
 During the season of 1848-49 he had attended a course of 
 lectures at the Ohio Medical College, and graduated with 
 honor from that institution in the class of 1849. ’^53 
 
 he had attended a course of lectures also at the College of 
 Physicians and Surgeons, in New York city. In the winter 
 of 1857-58 he attended still another course of lectures and 
 study at this famous institution, giving prominence in his 
 investigations to affections and diseases of the heart and 
 lungs. In the spring of 1858 he moved to North Liberty, 
 Adams county, and there continued the practice of medi- 
 cine until 1865. In that year he returned to Hillsborough, 
 where he was successfully occupied in professional labors 
 until 1870, the date of his arrival in West Union, Adams 
 county, where he has sinceresided, the possessor of a large 
 and constantly increasing medical business. In 1863 he 
 was a candidate, on the Democratic ticket, for the Legis- 
 lature. He uniformly adheres to Democratic principles 
 and measures, and religious! y is attached to the doctrines 
 and service of the Episcopal Church. He was married in 
 1859 to Leah PL Johnston, a native of Ross county, who 
 died in 1863. He was again married in 1S74 to Mary J. 
 McKeown, a native of Adams county, Ohio. 
 
 ARDLE, SAMUEL, D. D. S., was born in Lei- 
 cester, England, in 1822, and came to America 
 in 1832. Pluring the succeeding five years he 
 worked on a farm. At the age of fifteen he be- 
 came a regularly indentured silversmith’s appren- 
 tice to George K. Childs, in Philadelphia, Penn- 
 sylvania, but served only two years and six months of his 
 time. Running away from his master he went to New 
 York, sjHirred on by a determination to go to sea. Upon 
 presenting himself at navy head-tpiarters he was surprised 
 at being told that no runaway apprentices from Philadeliihia 
 were wanted. Unshaken in his purpose, however, he soon 
 made satisfactory arrangements with the whaler “ Wm. C. 
 Nye,” commanded by Captain Buddington. On the same 
 ship and voyage was Sidney O. Buddington, who was sail- 
 ing-master on Dr. Hall’s Arctic expeditions. The officers 
 on this vessel were relatives, and were known collectively 
 as “ the crew of cousins.” The voyage lasted twenty-two 
 months. The “ Wm. C. Nye” sailed around Cape Horn 
 
200 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 and made for the Sea of Kamtschatka, where a great cargo 
 of sperm was obtained. Returning, she entered the harbor 
 of San Erancisco in 1843. The site of the present splendid 
 city of the Pacific coast was then dotted here and there 
 with miserable mud huts. On this trip out two brothers, 
 remembering the posthumous glories of Alexander Selkirk, 
 concealed themselves, and were left on an uninliabited 
 place, called by Captain Buddington Fanning’s island. 
 On the return the vessel stopped at the beautiful island 
 ]uan P'ernandez, the romantic abode of “Robinson Cru- 
 soe.” The stoppage occurred on St. Patrick’s day, 1843, 
 and the island abounded in ripe and mellow peaches. 
 That evening he, with two boat-loads of jolly tars, spent on 
 the ground hallowed by the pen of the famous English 
 writer. He finally returned with his ship to New London, 
 Connecticut, and thence returned to Philadelphia, Pennsyl- 
 vania. Being then in his twenty-second year, and desirous 
 of embracing a profession, he called to mind an old ac- 
 quaintance, Dr. Elijah N. Neal, with wiiom his brother, 
 Thomas Wardle, had studied dentistry. Possessing con- 
 siderable mechanical ability he was kindly received by the 
 doctor, for whom he then labored temporarily at a salary 
 of fifty cents per week. During the ensuing year, although 
 he was a skilful metal workman, he did not receive at any 
 time a higher compensation than two dollars per week. 
 After working one year with Dr. Neal and one year with 
 his brother he opened a laboratory for the purpose of doing 
 mechanical work for other dentists. In that venture he en- 
 countered great and unexpectedly rich success. In the 
 course of the first year he opened his own office to patients, 
 while continuing his separate business relations with his 
 jn-ofessional brethren. He was thus successfully employed 
 fur about seven years. In 1853, having determined to 
 leave Philadelphia, the profession, appreciating his mechani- 
 cal skill and personal characteristics, deemed it fitting to 
 present him with a gold medal as “a token of appreciation 
 of his skill in mechanical dentistry.” The medal contains 
 tire names of fourteen prominent dentists. He then settled 
 in Cincinnati, Ohio, and here established his dental fur- 
 nishing house and the manufacture of artificial teeth, at 256 
 Walnut street, relinquishing entirely his professional labors. 
 At the end of three years, however, finding Cincinnati un- 
 suited to the manufacture of teeth, on account of the costli- 
 ness of materials, he was compelled to fall back again on 
 his profession to secure a livelihood. In 1859 he received 
 a diploma from the Cincinnati College of Dental .Surgery. 
 That institution was then . the second dental college in 
 America. The facilities for learning the mysteries of the 
 dental art were poor in those days, and in the absence of a 
 college in Philadelphia L)r. E. Townsend taught gratis 
 those who took a pleasure in gathering about his rooms. 
 It is now a conceded and an established fact that American 
 dentists are, as a rule, far superior to those of other parts of 
 the world. Also, few practical dentists now manufacture, 
 or can manufacture, the teeth used by them in their own 
 
 practice. He, on the contrary, has not only always made 
 the teeth required in his own practice, but also those in- 
 tended for peculiar or difficult cases taken in charge by his 
 brethren. At his office the whole process of working the 
 crude material into finished and beautiful teeth maybe seen 
 daily. He has received the first premium on artificial teeth 
 every year in the Cincinnati Industrial Exposition, and also 
 the first premium on dentistry on the single occasion when 
 he chose to enter the lists as a competitor. He received 
 the first medal for artificial teeth from the Mechanics’ Insti- 
 tute, at Cincinnati, and the first medal also from the State 
 Board of Agriculture. In 1851 he received a certificate 
 and a medal at the World’s Fair, in London, England. 
 He has also received premiums from New York, Phila- 
 delphia and Baltimore. He is an active member of the 
 Mississippi Valley Dental Association and an honorary 
 member of the Pennsylvania Association of Dental Sur- 
 geons. He is a member of the Trinity Methodist Episcopal 
 Church. He was married in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 
 in 1846, to Margaret A. Little, by the Rev. Dr. William 
 Suddards, of Grace Church, Philadelphia, Penn.sylvania. 
 
 
 ifUDLOW’ JOHN, Banker, was born near Spring- 
 r, /Ji|C field, Ohio, December 8th, 1810, being the son 
 of Cooper and Elizabeth (Reeder) Ludlow, both 
 of whose families came originally from the State 
 of New Jersey. His grandfather, John Ludlow, 
 was brother to Israel Ludlow, one of the founders 
 of Cincinnati, who emigrated to Ohio in 1790 and was the 
 first sheriff of Hamilton county. His maternal grandfather, 
 Jacob Reeder, also emigrated to Ohio, then a part of the 
 Northwestern Territory, about the year 1790, and settled in 
 Clarke county in 1804, about the same time that Cooper 
 Ludlow took up his residence near Springfield. Mr. Lud- 
 low was educated in the common schools of his native 
 village, and when sixteen years of age was sent to Cincin- 
 nati to learn the drug business. In 1835 he returned to 
 Springfield and established himself in the drug trade, in 
 which he continued nearly thirty years. During a period 
 of twelve or fifteen years, while thus engaged, he practised 
 dentistry, for which he was in every way competent. Upon 
 the organization of the Springfield Bank, in 1851, he was 
 chosen one of its directors, and on December iith, 1857, 
 became President of the institution, an office which he still 
 holds. In 1864, under the operation of the acts of Con- 
 gress, the institution was erected into the First National 
 Bank of Springfield. Mr. Ludlow’s career, while it has not 
 been an exciting or varied one, has been exceedingly busy 
 and useful. He has been closely identified with the growth 
 and commercial prosperity of his county, and has given re- 
 peated evidence of his public spirit in advocating and sup- 
 porting local improvements. Since the year 1842 he has 
 been a communicant of the Episcopal Church, and has 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 201 
 
 always been active in the work of building up and sustain- 
 ing its parish. For more than twenty years he has been the 
 senior warden of that church, and is one of its most influ- 
 ential members. In all Christian work he has been fore- 
 most. F'or fourteen years he was Treasurer of the Clarke 
 County Bilfle Society, and has organized and given liberal 
 aid to many benevolent movements. Mr. Ludlow was 
 originally an old-line Whig, but upon the organization of 
 the Republican party he became identified with it, having 
 always been an anti-slavery advocate. He has kept aloof 
 from political life, and has only held such municipal offices 
 as the duty of a citizen plainly required. .Some time since 
 he placed in the Ohio Historical Society’s library, at Cleve- 
 land, many interesting records of the pioneers of Clarke 
 county, which he had preserved. He published in the 
 Springfield journals a series of biographical sketches, 
 drawn from his recollections of the old settlers, which 
 were very interesting. He was married on August 31st, 
 1S35, to Elmira, daughter of General Frederick Gilman, 
 of Herkimer county. New York. They have had three 
 children, Frederick G., Charles and a daughter named 
 Ellen, who married Asa S. Bushnell, of Springfield. 
 
 I^YER, ELBRIDGE G., Manufacturer and Inven- 
 tor, was born in the Slate of Maine, November 
 3d, 1815. His parents were Thomas and Hep- 
 zibah (Whitney) Dyer. After receiving an edu- 
 cation in the common schools of his native town 
 he was apprenticed at the age of si.\teen to the 
 trade of machinist. Soon after the e.xpiration of his ap- 
 prenticeship he came to Ohio, settling at Columbus, where 
 for seven or eight years he followed his trade as a journey- 
 man. About 1847 he came to Hamilton, and in connection 
 with two other machinists embarked in the manufacture of 
 agricultural implements. The firm was then Owens, Eb- 
 bert & Dyer, but a few years later, upon the death of Mr. 
 Ebbert, his place in the establishment was t.aken by Mr. 
 Lane, and the firm launched out on a scale of enterprise 
 that made the names of Owens, Lane & Dyer familiar in 
 every part of the central and Southern States. From the 
 first their business had been a success, and starting as they 
 did, with scarcely any capital beyond their skill, its history 
 affords a most encouraging example to young mechanics 
 ambitious to rise above the sphere of journeymen. Their 
 attention has of later years been given almost exclusively to 
 the manufacture of all descriptions of portable and stationary 
 engines, and their business has swelled to such proportions 
 that the partnership has ch.anged into a joint stock com- 
 pany, known as the Owens Lane Dyer Machine Company, 
 the shares of which are held by a limited number of indi- 
 viduals. Mr. Dyer occupies the position of Vice-President 
 of the company. From the commencement of the enter- 
 pri.se he has been superintendent of construction, and is the 
 26 
 
 inventor and patentee of numerous improvements on agri- 
 cultural machinery. Though a strict man of business, the 
 accumulation of money has not absorbed more than its 
 proper share of Mr. Dyer’s interest. He has found time 
 for books and self-improvement, and is the owner of one 
 of the most beautiful houses in Hamilton, situated on a 
 height overlooking the Miami river and the city, and sur- 
 rounded with orchards and flower-gardens. On February 
 i8th, 1845, he was married, at Columbus, to Margaret, 
 daughter of the Rev. William Terer, a native of W’ales. 
 They have had eight children, five of whom are living. 
 One daughter and one son died in infancy, and one son, 
 Rufus M., died at the age of twenty-one. 
 
 URDY, JAMES, Attorney-at-Law and President 
 of the Farmers’ National Bank of Mansfield, 
 Ohio, was born, July 24th, 1793, in Hopewell, 
 York county, Pennsylvania. His paternal ances- 
 tors emigrated from the north of Ireland in 1762, 
 and settled in Hopewell, his maternal ancestors, 
 coming from Scotland, locating in the same place about the 
 year 1750. The latter were among the first settlers of that 
 section after the removal of the Indians. His mother came 
 from the Wallace family, and his maternal grandmother 
 from the Hamilton family. Both of his parents claimed 
 descent from the Scotch Covenanters, and both died as they 
 had lived, in the faith and communion of the United Pres, 
 hyterian Church. His father in 1811 sold his property, in 
 the shape of a farm and mills, at Hopewell, and moved to 
 Ontario county. New York, where he purchased an estate 
 near Canandaigua, and placed it under excellent cultiva- 
 tion. It was in the academy at this place that his son 
 James received his rudiments of a classical education, 
 studied with care and application, and made rapid progress 
 in the various English branches. He commenced reading 
 law in Canandaigua, and soon fitted himself for profes- 
 sional duties. In 1823 be located in Mansfield, Ohio, 
 where he opened an office, and in a short time gained a 
 respectable standing as a practitioner not only at the bar, 
 but in Ibe estimation of the general public. Mansfield was 
 then a new town, being tbe farthest west in that latitude in 
 the State. White a resident of Canandaigua the Erie 
 canal was surveyed, and a very considerable portion of it 
 constructed. The subject of internal State improvements, 
 of which it was one of the chief, was then a ripe theme for 
 discussion. He was a warm advocate of all projects which 
 were of practical utility and which promised to ably con- 
 serve tbe material Interests of the great body of citizenship, 
 and the action which be took on these public questions in 
 this earlv time bad its marked influence in bis subsequent 
 career. Prior to bis arrival in Mansfield an unsuccessful 
 effort had been made to establish a paper in that place. At 
 the earnest solicitations of a large number of citizens he 
 
202 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 undertook to publish a journal, and purchased a press. 
 The result of his labors was the publication of the Alans- 
 field Gazette, which he owned and edited, with an excel- 
 lent conception of the duties of an enterprising journalist, 
 for a period of nine years. In this paper he .strongly advo- 
 cated local as well as State improvements, home industry 
 and domestic manufactures, and in this public service was 
 rewarded with the respect of all classes. He became influ- 
 ential in all important civil proceedings, and his voice, as 
 his pen, was potential in the consummation of projects for 
 the development of local as well as State resources. Upon 
 his arrival at Mansfield, in 1S23, he discovered that the 
 produce of the country was shipped in flat-boats on the 
 Mohican, and, via the large rivers, sent to New Orleans. 
 He shortly after procured the survey of a route for a canal 
 up the Mohican valley and into a rich agricultural district, 
 and this was pai'tly constructed before the subject of rail- 
 roads was introduced. His object was to open a cheap and 
 easily accessible route of transportation of the products of 
 that section of the State, and his efforts in this behalf were 
 generally applauded. In 1836 the .State, at his interven- 
 tion, made a survey of what is now part of the Pittsburgh & 
 Fort Wayne Railroad, but this labor proved premature 
 from a number of circumstances. The importance of rail- 
 road traffic was not wholly conceded, because the people 
 had only recently been called to notice it. Pittsburgh had 
 its river and its canal, and the capitalists and business 
 people of that city declined an active participation in a 
 railroading scheme, the profits of which by very many were 
 deemed visionary only. The public mind was gradually 
 educated up to a true comprehension of the necessity of 
 railroad transportation, and in 1848 the leading business 
 men of Pittsburgh issued a notice to all in Ohio interested 
 in the matter to meet in convention at Massillon, to discuss 
 the measures necessary to the estaldishment of a line. 
 This convention was held, and Mr. Purdy was delegated 
 by it to secure a charter from the Legislature, then holding 
 its sessions .at Columbus. He succeeded in his mission, 
 and, under the provisions of the charter he obtained, a 
 company was organized and the Pittsburgh & F<rrt Wayne 
 Railroad constructed. Meanwhile another charter was 
 secured, and mainly through his instrumentality a company 
 was organized to construct the Mansfield & Sandusky Rail- 
 road, now a part of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. He 
 was chosen President of the company, and in this position 
 he exhibited great energy and executive ability, and ren- 
 dered the road services that were essential to its future 
 prosperity. But there were other public labors awaiting his 
 attention, and one of these, and perhaps one of the most 
 important, was suggested by the necessities of his own 
 practice. This was very large, extending over a circuit 
 that covered a very large section of country. He had 
 frequently to make remittances to his Eastern clients, 
 and this duty became one of some difficulty and annoyance, 
 as there was no banking establishment within thirty miles 
 
 of Mansfield. In 1846 he was principally cotjcerned in 
 securing the charter of the State Bank of Ohio, and during 
 the existence of that well-known institution under that 
 charter he was a member of its Board of Control. In 1847, 
 in company with a few friends, he procured enough of this 
 bank’s stock to establish a branch, which, upon the organi- 
 zation of its stockholders, became known as the Farmers’ 
 Bank of Mansfield. He was appointed President and at- 
 torney, and held those offices until the expiration of the 
 charter under which the bank was erected. Then the Far- 
 mers’ National Bank of Mansfield was organized by the 
 stockholders in the old company, and Mr. Purdy was 
 chosen President, and in that capacity still conducts the 
 management of the bank, which is very prosperous and in- 
 fluential. His relations with monetary institutions were, 
 however, more extended. He established a banking house 
 in California, which had a very successful career. Since 
 his residence in Mansfield Mr. Purdy has been an eye- 
 witness to its growth from a small hamlet, on the borders 
 of civilization, to a large and flourishing city, through the 
 energy as well as the liberality of its citizens. It has be- 
 come a railroad centre, and the concentration of traffic from 
 all sections of the State within its limits has raised it high 
 in the scale of commercial importance. With some few 
 exceptions, it is the most important city in the State. Mr. 
 Purdy has aided largely in its development. He has been 
 prominently identified with all its interests, and has been 
 one of the readiest supporters of all measures of public 
 policy, and especially of those which immediately con- 
 cerned the growth of trade and the consummation of public 
 improvements. In 1836 he purchased a tract of land in 
 Wood county, Ohio, adjoining the Grand Rapids of the 
 Maumee river, and an island in the rapids, becoming thus 
 the owner of three-fourths of the water-power at that point. 
 Here he constructed mills, which he filled with the best ma- 
 chinery obtainable at the time. The result was very speedily 
 shown in the building of a town on his own lands and the 
 quick development of the surrounding agricultural district. 
 In 1856 he aided in organizing, in' Iowa, the Chicago, Iowa 
 & Nebraska Railroad Company, and was appointed its Vice- 
 President. He took an active part in the location and con- 
 struction of the road, which proved a success. He was one 
 of the proprietors of Clinton City, on that road. Along the 
 line of the projected road he, in company with others, pur- 
 chased large tracts of lands and laid out the sites of what 
 are now flourishing towns, Clinton being noticeable among 
 the number. This town is located on the Mississippi, and 
 according to the census of 1870 contained 8000 inhabitants, 
 and among its public institutions are an enterprising paper 
 and a street passenger railway, both well supported. Mr. 
 Purdy has been a soldier, and a participant in three wars. 
 In that of 1812-15 he served in the army. In the war with 
 Mexico he raised four companies by special authority from 
 the Governor of Ohio. In 1861, when the Governor, on 
 the first call, sent him a despatch asking for troops, he 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 20 
 
 appeared in Columbus within forty-eight hours with one 
 hundred men, who took the field. He was prevented from 
 accompanying them by physical disability. He was ap- 
 pointed Commissioner to draft the militia, and ably and 
 readily performed his duties. He recruited men under a 
 First Lieutenant’s commission, with which he was furnished. 
 Upon the close of the war compensation was tendered him 
 for his services during the entire period of its continuance, 
 but he declined all save the sum of his actual expenses when 
 called from his home. Mr. Purdy’s career has been one of 
 varied experiences, but of continued honor and usefulness. 
 In his eighty-third year he is still engaged in the practice of 
 his profe.ssion and the management of his private property, 
 of which he has accumulated a competence. 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 H^IMBLE, REV. JOSEPH McDOWELL, D. D., 
 was born, April 15th, 1S07, in Woodford county, 
 Kentucky, and is a son of the late Allen Trimble, 
 formerly Governor of Ohio. He was educated in 
 the village school of Hillsborough, the county- 
 seat of Highland county, Ohio, and the place of 
 the family residence. When fifteen years of age he was sent 
 to the Ohio University, at Athens, from which he graduated 
 in 1828, and was shortly after admitted to the Ohio Con- 
 ference of the Methodi.-,t Episcopal Church as a travelling 
 minister, contrary to the wishes of his father, who had in- 
 tended him for another profession. In 1827 he was con- 
 verted and connected himself with the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, and he felt his mission to be in the ministry. In 
 1834 he was elected Secretary of the Conference, in which 
 capacity he served for the unprecedented period of thirty- 
 one years. He filled the same office during two sessions of 
 the General Conference. In 1835 'ne was appointed Pro- 
 fe.ssor of Mathematics in Augusta College, Kentucky, a 
 position which he accepted and filled until 1840, when he 
 resigned. In 1864 he was elected .Second Assistant Mis- 
 sionary Secretary for the West, for a period of four years, 
 and in the discharge of the duties of this office he visited 
 the Conferences of Maine, New Hampshire, Connecticut, 
 Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Dela- 
 ware, Penn.sylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, Ohio, Michi- 
 gan, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, 
 Minnesota, Wise rnsin, Kentucky and Tennessee, besides a 
 very large number of the prominent congregations of the 
 church, where his services were solicited in furtherance of 
 the interests of the work he represented. For the last five 
 years he has served the Ohio Wesleyan University as Finan- 
 cial .Xgent, and has been an active member of the Boar d 
 of Trustees of that institution since 1852, giving lioth time 
 and money to place it upon a mor-e permanent basis. In 
 addition to the varied duties alrxady enumerated. Dr. 
 Trimble tnavelled three circuits, spent thirteen years in 
 stations in Zanesville, Colirm’ms and Cincinnati ; was Pre- 
 
 siding Elder in the Coluntbus, Chillicothe, East Cincinnati, 
 Zanesville, Marietta and Lancaster districts, making in all 
 forty-eight appointments which he has received from the 
 church authorities, every one of which has been filled with 
 signal fidelity and success. Dr. Trimble is pr'obably the 
 most widely-known Methodi.st minister in the State of Ohio. 
 His ministry has been one of extraordinary labors in the 
 conver-sion of unbelievers, and of extraordinary success in 
 increasing the membership of the church. He possesses the 
 elements necessary for a life of distinguished usefulness and 
 honor. As a speaker he is fluent, earnest and persuasive, 
 having a clear, penetrating voice, under excellent control, 
 and a magnetic influence which is wonderfully effective 
 upon his audiences. His sermons are of the popular type, 
 which avoid abstruse problems, and pr'esent the vital truths 
 of the gospel with such glowing power that the heart of the 
 listener is stirred to its depths. He is thoroughly learned 
 in the history, polity and traditions of the church to which 
 he is allied. He is esteemed as a safe counsellor by the 
 bishops, presiding elder's and ministers of the church, and 
 his views and suggestions have always commanded marked 
 respect. The confidence of the rninistr'y, which he has always 
 enjoyed in the fullest degree, may be attested by the fact that 
 he has been elected to nine quadrennial sessions of the Gen- 
 eral Confei'ence, consecutively, beginning with that of 1844 
 and extending to that of 1876. For seventeen years he has 
 served on its General Missionar-y Committee, which disburses 
 the moneys raised by the church for the support of missions. 
 It is ver-y doubtful if there is any man living who has per- 
 formed a gr'eater amount of ministerial labor, or who has 
 carried into his work more enthusiasm and zeal than Dr. 
 Trimble. His name is conspicuous on the roll of the church, 
 and he certainly is entitled to the admiration and affection 
 which the membership everywhere have for him. 
 
 OWN, JO.SHUA K., Auditor of Guernsey 
 county, Ohio, w'as born, August 13th, 1839, in 
 Belmont county, of the same .State. His parents 
 emigrated from England in 1830, locating first in 
 Pennsylvania and then in Ohio. His father was 
 by trade a carpenter, and was in only moderate 
 circumstances. Joshua was educated in the common schools 
 of Irelmont county, studying in the winter and w'orking as 
 a farmer in the summer seasons. When seventeen years of 
 age he removed to Cambridge, Guernsey county, and for 
 two years worked with his father in flouring milks'. He 
 then read law w'ith Judge Evans for one year, and in 1859, 
 during the gold fever, went to Pike’s Peak, where he re- 
 mained six months and met with nothing but misfortune. 
 He then studied telegraphy, and became a skilful operator. 
 .\s such he was employed until .September, i86i, when he 
 joined the 15th Ohio Volunteer Infantry as First Lieutenant. 
 He was advanced in a short time to the office of Major of 
 
204 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOIC-EDI A. 
 
 the 1721! Ohio National Guards, having some time previously 
 served as Captain in llie 15th Ohio. He was discharged on 
 account of failing health, and in 1864, upon his return to 
 Cambridge, commenced business again as a telegraph oper- 
 ator and agent for the Adams E.xpress Company, a position 
 which he held until 1869. Being then appointed Assessor 
 of Internal Revenue, he served with ability until 1871, when 
 he became Agent for the Marietta, Pittsburgh & Cleveland 
 Railroad at Cambridge, and held that agency for two years. 
 In 1873 ''S elected Auditor of Guernsey county, and 
 in 1875 was re-elected. The functions of this responsible 
 office he has discharged with intelligence and fidelity, and 
 has earned the respect of the community in whose midst he 
 resides. On November 22d, 1864, he was married to Annie 
 Tingle, daughter of Dr. J. P. Tingle, who is still living. 
 Mr. Brown has five sons. 
 
 ARIMORE, P'RANK C., Physician, was born in 
 Columbus, Ohio, on the 12th of April, 1846, of 
 parents who harl come to Ohio from Virginia. 
 When he was four years of age his parents re- 
 moved from Columbus to Rapid Eorge, Ross 
 county, Ohio, and there the next four years of his 
 life were passed. He commenced attending school at 
 Rapid P'orge, and subsequently, when he was eight years 
 old, he went to Chillicothe, and there attended the Union 
 School. After two years spent at Chillicothe, he went to 
 Knox county to live with an uncle. There he went to work 
 upon a farm, and continued to do farm work in the summer 
 and to go to school in the winter until i86i. When the 
 war of the rebellion broke out he lost but little time in enter- 
 ing the army. He went into service as a private soldier in 
 the 20th Regiment ( 3 hio Volunteer Infantry. At the battle 
 of Shiloh, on the 7th of April, 1862, he was wounded by a 
 cannon ball, which struck him on the left knee and hands, 
 inflicting such injuries that in the fall of 1862 he was dis- 
 charged from the service on account of disability. Return- 
 ing to Ohio, he commenced attending the High School at 
 Utica. He continued his attendance there during two 
 sessions, and then, after leaving there, he taught a country 
 school for a number of terms. When the call was made for 
 troops for the “ hundred-day service,” he again entered the 
 army, going as Sergeant in the I42d Regiment Ohio Volun- 
 teer Infantry. Having finished his military service, he pre- 
 pared to enter the medical profession. His predisposition 
 to this profession came to him by hereditary tight, his ma- 
 ternal grandfather. Dr. Joseph Doddrige, having b:en a 
 celebrated physician in West Virginia. On the 19th of 
 March, 1865, he commenced the study of medicine in the 
 office of Drs. Thompson & Smith, at Mount Vernon. He 
 read with these gentlemen until the winter of 1866 and 1867, 
 when he entered the medical department of the University 
 of Michigan for a session of lectures. In April, 1867, he 
 resumed office-study, and in September of the same year be- 
 
 gan reading with Dr. John Russell. He remained there 
 until 1868, and then he entered Bellevue Hospital Medical 
 College, New York, and there attended a course of lectures. 
 He graduated and received his diploma in March, 1869, and 
 in the following June he commenced the practice of medi- 
 cine at Mount Vernon. He continued steadily in practice 
 there until May, 1872, when he departed on a trip to Europe. 
 He remained abroad for thirteen months, and during that 
 period he visited the principal medical schools of Europe. 
 He spent six months in Vienna, receiving private instruction 
 in medicine at the Vienna University. In June, 1873, he 
 returned to Mount Vernon, and there resumed his practice 
 as physician and surgeon. He has been remarkably suc- 
 cessful in his practice, and has secured a patronage exten- 
 sive and lucrative. He is recognized as a leading man in 
 his profession, and a number of imiiortant cases, successfully 
 treated, are identified with his name. The only successful 
 operation in a case of cleft palate, performed in the county, 
 was performed by him, the patient being a lady of that 
 vicinity. 
 
 -K AMPBELL, THOM.VS C., Lawyer, was born in 
 Monroe county, New York, April 27th, 1845. 
 He is of Scotch extraction. In April, 1861, he 
 
 V_' I ~ ' '■ 
 
 (3 
 
 & Stratton, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he graduated 
 in 1862. He then spent several months in the Military 
 School of Colonel Taggart, in the same city, and in the fall 
 of 1863 presented himself to General Casey’s Board of Ex- 
 aminers as an applicant for a position in the army. He was 
 passed as a First Lieutenant, colored troops. He declined 
 the appointment, and in the spring of 1864 he enlisted at 
 Syracuse, New York, as a private in Colonel Van Felton’s 
 regiment. New York Volunteers. In the following summer 
 he was promoted to a Second Lieutenancy, and subsequently 
 to the rank of First Lieutenant, commanding his company. 
 In this capacity he served until mustered out in the fall of 
 1865. He soon after this moved to the West, and on April 
 27th, 1866 — his twenty-first birthday — arrived in Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, where he obtained employment as a bookkeeper in 
 the carriage factory of John Curtis. While thus occupied 
 he commenced the study of law. In May, 1867, he became 
 assistant editor of The Republic, the official organ of the 
 Grand Army of the Republic, published at Columbus, Ohio. 
 Becoming editor and proprietor of this journal in the fall of 
 1867, he removed its head-quarters to Cincinnati, where he 
 continued its publication until his office was entirely de- 
 stroyed by fire, in February, 1869. In the summer of 
 that year he was appointed Assistant Internal Revenue As- 
 sessor for the .Second District of Ohio, and during his occu- 
 pancy of this office pursued his law studies, graduated in the 
 Cincinnati Law School, and in April, 1870, was admitted 
 
 
 enlisted as a volunteer in the three months’ ser- 
 vice, and at the expiration of his term of enlist- 
 ment entered the Commercial College of Bryant 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCL 0 P*L:DIA. 
 
 205 
 
 to the bar, and in the same month was elected to the City 
 Council, where he served until April, 1871, the date of his 
 election as City Prosecuting Attorney for two years. In 
 April, 1S73, he was re-elected to the same position, as a Re- 
 publican, although at that election the Democratic party 
 swept the city. In the ensuing summer he visited Europe 
 on professional business. His name was brought before the 
 Republican Congressional Convention for nomination for 
 Representative of the Second District in the national legis- 
 lature in 1874, but he was defeated by Hon. Job E. Steven- 
 son by a small majority. In February, 1875, received 
 the appointment, by the Ohio Legislature, as Attorney for 
 the House of Representatives in the bribery investigations 
 case, and in the performance of the duties of the position 
 won the unqualified indorsement of the press of both parties. 
 He retired from office in April, 1875, and resumed the pri- 
 vate practice of his profession in connection wiih M. L. 
 Buckwalter, with whom he had formed a copartnership, 
 under the firm-style of Buckwalter & Campbell, in 1870. 
 He is attorney for various corporations, and is identified 
 with important local enterprises. 
 
 \ yfVjt' cLAUGH LIX, JAMES W., Architect, of Cincin- 
 I nati, Ohio, was born in that city, November ist, 
 oi l I ^834- ^ Scotch-Irish family, whose first 
 
 ancestor in this country originally settled at York, 
 j Pennsylvania, in the early part of the last century, 
 and afterwards removed to Hagerstown, Maryland. 
 He died at the advanced age of one hundreil and four years, 
 and his wife reached the equally remarkable age of one hun- 
 dred and tw'O years. Their descendants in Maryland, and 
 also in western Pennsylvania, where they are still more 
 numerous, have been noted as a hardy and long-lived fam- 
 ily. The father of the subject of our sketch removed from 
 Sewickly, Pennsylvania (where he was born), to Cincin- 
 nati in 1818, and, after a long and honorable career as a 
 merchant, died in 1874 at the age of eighty-two years. Our 
 architect w.as educated in the private schools of his native 
 city, and in 1849 entered the office of James K. Wilson, then 
 a young architect, as a student. In 1855, when he had 
 scarcely attained his majority, Mr. John Shillito, a former 
 partner of his father, intrusted him with the designing of 
 the plans of his great dry-goods store in Cincinnati, and the 
 Hon. D. K. Esle at the same time engaged him to erect a 
 residence, then considered the finest in the city, and even 
 now conspicuous for its massive front among the later erec- 
 tions. In 1857 he formed a partnership with the late J. R. 
 Hamilton, which lasted but one year. In 1861 he entered 
 the army as a Lieutenant in the Infantry Body Guard of 
 General Fremont, and was afterwards in the corps of Gen- 
 eral Sigel. On the disb.anding of the organization, he be- 
 came a special artist for Frank Leslie's Illustrated News- 
 paper in the army of the Southwest. In the fall of 1862 he 
 
 resumed his professional duties, since uninterrupted, except 
 during a visit to Europe in 1873. Among the most promi- 
 nent of his w-orks are the Public Library buildings at Cin- 
 cinnati and Northampton, Massachusetts; the Masonic 
 Temple, Commercial Building and Gas Office of Cincin- 
 nati, and the grand suburban residences of John Shillito, 
 William Hooper and Hon. William S. Groesbeck. He is, 
 at present writing, the Architect of the Johnston Block and 
 the buildings of the Cincinnati Zoological Gardens, w'hich, 
 as well as those previously mentioned, attest his professional 
 skill. He is an active member of the Cincinnati Chapter 
 of the American Institute of Architects, by whom he w'as 
 selected as one of its representatives for this work. 
 
 ALLACE, HENRY IL, County Auditor of Butler 
 Cl I I County, Ohio, w’as born in Butler county, Ohio, 
 i Ijll September 30th, 1824. His parents, natives of 
 Pennsylvania, were reared in the Cumberland 
 V valley, a short distance from the town of Cham- 
 
 bersburg. His father, who was a millwright by 
 trade, came to Cincinnati in 1806, at which date the site of 
 the present Queen City was occupied by a tranquil village. 
 In 1815 be moved to Butler county, where numerous mills 
 of his construction, .still standing, testify to the extent and 
 excellence of his labors in past years. He obtained a fair 
 education in the public schools located in the vicinity of his 
 home, and supplemented it by private study. At the age of 
 eighteen he assumed the role of educator, and was subse- 
 quently engaged in teaching for a period of nearly eight 
 years. In 1853 he was elected Recorder for Butler county, 
 and at the expiration of his term was re-elected, serving 
 until 1859, the date of his election to the office of County 
 Auditor. In 1862, at the close of his term, he entered the 
 army, with the commission of Captain of Company C, 93d 
 Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry. In the course of the 
 following year, however, his health was undermined by an 
 attack of typhoid fever, which compelled him eventually to 
 resign his commission and return home. After the re- 
 establishment of his health, he engaged in mercantile pur- 
 suits in Hamilton, Butler county, and followed them until 
 1874, when he was again elected to the County Auditorshiji. 
 Although he has never adhered very strictly to party lines, 
 but, under all circumstances, pursued that political course 
 which candor and loyalty to the public interest required, he 
 has had the singular felicity to retain the confidence and 
 esteem of the constituency whose suffrage has repeatedly 
 elevated him to positions of trust. He is an intelligent ob- 
 server of passing events ; prom|)t in his recognition of the 
 strength or weakness of this or that measure; and indefati- 
 gable in ende.avoring to crush the sway^of corrujition, and 
 to place in office men of ability and spotless integrity. He 
 was married, August nth, 1857, to .Sarah J. Bacon, of 
 Butler county, Ohio, by whom he has had four children. 
 
2o6 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP-LDIA, 
 
 ARTIN, BENJAMIN F., Lawyer, was born on the 
 22d of June, 1819, in Columbus, Ohio. He may 
 be said to have been born in the legal profession, 
 for his father, although a native of Pennsylvania, 
 came to Columbus in 1815, shortly thereafter was 
 elected to the office of Justice of the Peace — sub- 
 sequently Mayor of the town. County Recorder and Asso- 
 ciate Judge of the Court of Common Pleas — and was the 
 author of “ Martin’s History of Franklin County.” Benja- 
 min F. received his early education mainly at the common 
 schools of Columbus. After leaving school he was ap- 
 pointed City Clerk of Columbus ; subsequently Deputy Clerk 
 of the Court of Common Pleas, and while prosecuting the 
 duties of that position he also read law diligently with Judge 
 Matthews. He finished his course of reading in 1847, and 
 in November of that year he was admitted to the bar, and 
 commenced the practice of his profession in partnership 
 with Lorenzo English, which partnership continued for 
 nearly twelve years. In the fall of 1850 Mr. Martin was 
 elected Prosecuting Attorney of Franklin county, and re- 
 elected in 1852. He continued the practice of the law until 
 August, 1865, when he was by President Johnson appointed 
 to the office of Collector of Internal Revenue for the Seventh 
 District of Ohio, which office he held until 1869, when he 
 was removed by President Grant. The various public duties 
 and trusts committed to his charge were faithfully and hon- 
 estly performed and executed. Mr. Martin has dealt largely 
 in real estate in and about his native city, and his many 
 “additions to Columbus” bear evidence of that fact. He 
 won, by industry and application to business, a very high 
 reputation at the bar, but he has notv virtually retired from 
 the active practice of his profession. Fie was married in 
 J843 to Amanda A. Ogden. 
 
 
 i 
 
 cGREW, HENRY, M. D., was born at Mont- 
 gomery, Hamilton county, Ohio, on December 
 23d, 1844. His father, Andrew McCrew, was a 
 native of North Ireland. About the year 1835 
 he emigrated to America, and engaged in labor 
 for a short time at Buffalo, New York. Remov- 
 ing to Ohio, he resided a while at Reading, Hamilton county, 
 after which he came to Montgomery and became employed 
 as a carpenter; locating permanently in this place, he pur- 
 chased a very handsome farm, on which he now resides. 
 He married, early in life, Henrietta Crain, a native of Syca- 
 more township, daughter of Oliver Crain, who removed from 
 New Jersey to Hamilton county, becoming one of the most 
 prominent of its early settlers. Of a family of eleven chil- 
 dren, Henry is the fifth. His early education was received 
 at the public schools. When seventeen years of age he was 
 apprenticed to a blacksmith at Sharon, and for a period of 
 three years and a half applied himself diligently to the learn- 
 ing of that trade. Having a desire to obtain a more thorough 
 education, he entered the Normal College, at Lebanon, Ohio, 
 
 where he remained two years, and then obtaining a school 
 he taught for about the same length of time. Ffuring the 
 year 1868 he attended the Cincinnati Eclectic Medical Col- 
 lege, after which he taught school, and at the end of one year 
 re-entered the college, from which he graduated with high 
 honors. He commenced the practice of medicine with Dr. 
 Wesley Smizer, of Sharonville, and in nine months entered 
 the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery, and after 
 five months of diligent application he graduated from there 
 in F'ebruary of 1874. Ambitious to excel in the knowledge 
 of his profession, he pursued a course of reading at the Pulte 
 Medical College (Homoeopathic) of Cincinnati, receiving a 
 diploma from that institution in the beginning of 1875, 
 in March of the same year he was elected Physician to the 
 County Infirmary. With unceasing energy and perseverance 
 he had succeeded in carrying on the practice of his profession 
 in Sharonville. Politically, the doctor is a Democrat. Dur- 
 ing six months of the year 1865 he served in the 138th Regi- 
 Vnent of Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He is not a member of 
 any particular religious denomination, but is pure and up- 
 right in character, unaffected in manner, and a man whose 
 social qualities are extremely agreeable. 
 
 RX, GUIDO, Merchant, Mayor of Toledo, Ohio, 
 was born at Carlsruhe, Baden, Germany, June 
 28th, 1827. His father, D. R. Marx, was engaged 
 as a bookseller and publisher in both Carlsruhe 
 and Baden. His earlier days, from his sixth to 
 his twelfth year, were passed in the lyceum at 
 Carlsruhe. During the following two years he was a student 
 in the Baden-Baden High School. He was then engaged 
 for three years as an apprentice to the book and printing 
 trade in Brunswick, Germany. Afterward, until his nine- 
 teenth year was attained, he was employed in assisting his 
 father in his business, partly at home and partly in Paris, 
 France, and elsewhere. Becoming interested in the revo- 
 lutionary movements of 1848-1849, he left Germany at the 
 period of their adverse termination, and abandoned his native 
 country for the United Stales. On his arrival here, October 
 1st, 1849, he purchased forty acres of government land in 
 Wood county, Ohio, and found occupation in agricultural 
 pursuits. In the spring of 1851 he moved to Toledo, in the 
 same State, and there engaged in the grocery business. In 
 1861 he associated himself in partnership with R. Brand, 
 whose decease occurred in 1865. At this date he became 
 senior partner in the firm of R. Brand & Co., wholesale 
 dealers and importers of wines and liquors. He subse- 
 quently made several trips to Europe, for direct purchases, 
 and for the purpose of securing desirable business relations 
 and connections. In conjunction with his brothers, Emil 
 Marx and Joseph E. Marx, he founded the first Free-soil 
 German paper in northwestern Ohio, the Ohio Slants Zeitung, 
 now the Daily and IVoeh/y Express — a Republican organ 
 

 
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BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 207 
 
 from the date of its establishment down to the present time. 
 During the war of the rebellion, by appointment of the gov- 
 ernor, he was occupied as a member of the County Military 
 Committee. He was also for a number of years a member 
 of the Board of Examiners of Public Schools, and in 1871-72 
 served as a member of the City Council from the Fourth Ward. 
 In 1872-75 he was a member of the General Assembly of 
 Ohio (LX. and LXI.) In the spring of 1875 he was elected 
 on the Republican ticket Mayor of Toledo. The story of his 
 career, both as a man of business and as a public functionary 
 and official, has in it no element of baseness or disloyalty; 
 his record is wholly honorable. He was married in Febru- 
 ary, 1853, to Elizabeth Brehm, liy whom he has had eleven 
 children, of whom nine are noiv living. 
 
 ER.SHISER, WILLIAM A., Contractor, Builder 
 and Lumber Merchant, was born in Bedford 
 county, Pennsylvania, February i8th, 1823. His 
 parents, Henry Hershiser and Maria (Barbara 
 Kegg) Hershiser, belonged to the class of thrifty 
 people known as Pennsylvania Germans. He j 
 lived on the farm until his tenth year was reached, when he 
 moved with the family to .Seneca county, Ohio. There, j 
 until 1838, he remained at his home, engaged in assisting 
 his father on the farm, and in attending the public school. 
 He was then placed to learn the bricklaying business, at 
 which he subsequently worked for about four years. In 
 1842 he became 'disabled, and consequently returned to 
 school, and afterward, until 1845, alternately employed | 
 in studying and teaching. During this year, he moved to 
 Tiffin, Seneca county, Ohio, and took a position as Clerk in I 
 a dry-goods store. There he remained until December ist, j 
 1855, at which date he received the appointment of Chief | 
 Clerk in the State Treasury Office at Columbus, under Wil- 
 liam H. Gibson. That position he retained, under different 
 treasurers elected from time to time, until January, 1873. | 
 Then, having engaged in 1863 with R. B. Adams, in the I 
 lumber business, it became necessary for him to give to its j 
 conduct his undivided attention. Eventually the relations 
 of this business assuming large and successful proportions, ! 
 it w.as extended so as to include contracting and building. 
 The firm as now existing is known under the style of Her- 
 shiser & Gibson, and has an extended and favorable reputa- 
 tion as a reliable and enterprising house. He was for 
 ■twelve years a prominent member of the First Congrega- 
 tional Church of Columbus, Ohio, and in 1871, in connec- 
 tion with others, organized the High .Street Congregational 
 Church. To the support of this church, and to the relief of | 
 the poor in various guises, he gives a large portion of his | 
 means. Having started in life without capital or influential 
 friends, he owes his success to his own Unaided energy and 
 ability, and now deservedly enjoys the fruits of his industry 
 
 I and tireless efforts in his beautiful home located in the sub- 
 I urbs of Columbus. He was married in 1848 to Lydia A. 
 1 Snyder, of Tiffin, Ohio. 
 
 SHBURN, THOMAS QUIN, Attorney-at-Law, 
 Judge of the Common Pleas Court of the First 
 Subdivision of the Fifth Judicial District of Ohio, 
 was born at East Walnut Hills, Hamilton county, 
 Ohio, February 9th, 1820. He was the oldest 
 child in a family of seven children whose parents 
 were Richard Ashburn and Mary (Williams) Ashburn. 
 His father, a native of Lancashire, England, came to Amer- 
 ica when but nine years of age in company with his father’s 
 family. At the termination of the voyage, during which his 
 mother had died, he moved with his people to Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, about the year 1797. He has followed through life, 
 at the outset, the trade of brick-mason, and at a later period 
 agricultural pursuits. His grandfather settled in New Rich- 
 mond, Clermont county, Ohio, at a later date than 1797, 
 and there laid out the town of .Susanna, thus named in 
 honor of his wife, and was one of the original proprietors of 
 New Richmond. He resided there until his demise. His 
 mother, a native of Hamilton county, Ohio, was a daughter 
 of Thomas Williams, an early settler of this section of the 
 State. His boyhood was passed in laboring on the paternal 
 farm, while his early education, up to the age of eighteen, 
 was limited in degree and kind. He was about this time 
 afflicted so severely by rheumatism, that for two years he 
 vyas entirely incapacitated for manual labor, and conse- 
 quently turned his attention toward increasing his store of 
 learning. In 1838 he entered Miami University, and there 
 ]uirsued a course of study for about eighteen months. In 
 1839 he temporarily adopted the vocation of educator in a 
 school at New Richmond, Clermont county, where he taught 
 during two winters, occupying his leisure time through 
 the summer by farming labors. In 1841 he became an in- 
 mate of Jefferson College, Cannonsburg, Pennsylvania, where 
 he remained for three terms, completing half the junior 
 year. He then returned to Clermont county, and again en- 
 gaged in teaching school for two terms, at a salary of twelve 
 dollars per month. While thus employed he commenced 
 the study of law, under the guidance of Shields & Howard, 
 prominent attorneys of Batavia, and eventually was ad- 
 mitted to the bar. In May, 1846, he removed to Batavia, 
 and entered upon the career which has since been uniformly 
 attended with fair success. From 1848 to 1852 he was 
 Prosecuting Attorney of Clermont county, having been twice 
 elected to fill this important office, and in 1855 was a can- 
 didate for the Legislature, but on account of the “ Know- 
 Nothing” opposition failed to secure an election. In the 
 fall of 1861 he was elected Judge of the Common Picas 
 Court of the First Subdivision of the P'ifth Judicial District 
 of Ohio, and has since filled this office continuously. In 
 1875 ^ candidate on the Democratic ticket for Judge 
 
2o8 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 of the Supreme Court, but was defeated through the minor- 
 ity of his party. He is in the vigor of life mentally and 
 physically, of studious, industrious habits. He investigates 
 with care, arriving at his conclusions with a commendable 
 degree of accuracy. In manners modest and retiring, with 
 sufficient executive ability and administrative force to do 
 that which his judgment tells him is right, he is endowed 
 with a firm will, yet so tempered with justice as to yield 
 ready attention to the demands of right and the opinions of 
 others. If, by inadvertence or otherwise, he should happen 
 to injure another or wound his feelings, a sense of justice 
 prompts him to seek the first opportunity to make reparation. 
 He loves his profession, finding its principles and precepts 
 not only honorable in themselves, but calculated to ennoble 
 the man by teaching him a delicate sense of conscious honor 
 in thought and action. His career at the bar as a practi- 
 tioner w’as attended with success, and as Common Pleas 
 Judge has given fair satisfaction to the bar and the people. 
 An independent actor in the world’s life-battle, he believes 
 in that democracy w'hich teaches that one man, however 
 humble his station in life, is just as good as the most ex- 
 alted in station, whilst he acts honorably and to the best of 
 his judgment his part. He does not belong to any man or 
 church, but religiously is in sympathy with the Methodist 
 Church. In the righteousness of God’s providences he’ has 
 unquestioning failh. \Yhilst his life has been checkered by 
 many and great sorrows, he acts in the belief that a God of 
 infinite love has sent them to him in infinite mercy. Politi- 
 cally his view's harmonize with the principles and measures 
 of the Democratic party, and his first vote for President was 
 cast for James K. Polk. He has always been an unflinch- 
 ing Democrat of the Jackson school, and to all movements 
 based on his political creed he has given his ardent and un- 
 qualified support. Whilst in the discharge of his official 
 judicial duties, his conduct and judgments have been free 
 from political bias. He was married December 3d, 1846, 
 to Sarah W. Penn, a native of Clermont county, w'ho died 
 November 30th, 1854, leaving four children, two of whom 
 are living; the oldest, A. W. Ashburn, is a practising 
 physician now’ in Batavia. He was again married March 
 27th, 1856, to Mary Ellen Griffith, also a native of Clermont 
 county, by whom he has two children living. His term of 
 office will expire in February, 1S77, at which time he expects 
 to resume the practice of the law'. 
 
 ULLEN, HON. THOMAS J,, Attorney-at-I.aw’, 
 was born in Clermont county, Ohio, Febru- 
 ary 24th, 1824. He w'as the eighth child in a 
 family of nine children, w’hose parents were James 
 Mullen and Catherine (Dougherty) Mullen. His 
 father, a native of Virginia, follpw'ed through life 
 the occupations of shoemaker and farmer. He settled in 
 Ohio, on a farm in Clermont county, at an early day. He 
 
 W'as an active participant in the w'ar of 1812. His mother, 
 also a native of Virginia, died in 1845. His grandfather 
 on the paternal side took part in the struggles of the patriots 
 of the Revolution. Until he was eighteen years of age his 
 days were passed alternately in attending school during the 
 winter months, and in laboring on the farm in the summer 
 seasons. He then began the learning of the shoemaker’s 
 trade at Felicity, Clermont county, and w'as engaged in this 
 employment for about two years. The succeeding two 
 years w’ere spent at the High School in Felicity. In 1846 
 he assumed the role of educator at Pekin, Clermont county, 
 and taught school for a period of six months. During sev- 
 eral preceding years, his father had been a resident of 
 P'elicity, but removed finally to Georgetown, and to that 
 place he accompanied the family. In 1846 he entered the 
 law office of Thomas L. Hamer and Sanders W. Johnson, 
 of the last named town, but remained there for only a brief 
 period. He aftcrw'ard made two trips on flatboats to the 
 South, which were rendered necessary by the precarious 
 condition of his health. In 1S48 he returned to George- 
 town, and resumed the study of law’. In 1851 he was ad- 
 mitted to the bar, and entered upon the practice of his pro- 
 fession. In 1852 he was a candidate for the position of 
 Prosecuting Attorney, but failed to secure an election. In 
 1853 he was elected Justice of the Peace for Georgetown, 
 and in the ensuing fall removed to West Union, Adams 
 county, where he has since resided, engaged in the control 
 of an extensive legal practice. P’or a number of years he 
 was School Examiner of Adams county, and for four years 
 acted as Prosecuting Attorney for this place. Ho is at- 
 tached to the Democratic party, and was a member of the 
 .State Constitutional Convention, which met at Columbus, 
 Ohio, in 1873. The Christian Union Church contains for 
 him the desirable doctrines and service. Essentially a self- 
 made man, his success in life has been brought about by his 
 untiring energy, and a rule of conduct based upon unvarying 
 integrity and persistent industry. He w’as married in 1851 
 to Sydney A. Scott, a native of Clermont county, Ohio, by 
 whom he has had six children. 
 
 INC, HON. GEORGE W., I-awyer, was born near 
 Gettysburg, Adams county, Pennsylvania, October 
 15th, 1797. He W’as the sixth child in a family 
 of ten children, whose parents w'ere Hugh King 
 and Abigail (V’oorhees) King. His father, a na- 
 tive of Adams county, Pennsylvania, followed 
 through life agricultural pursuits, and was an active partici- 
 pant in the revolutionary w'ar from its initiation to its termi- 
 nation. He W’as a commissioned ensign in the Continental 
 service, and at one time was taken prisoner by the British, 
 and kept in confinement for about four years. Upon his re- 
 lease, at the close of the conflict, he returned to Adams 
 county, Pennsylvania, anrl there resided on his farm until 
 

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LIOGRAPIIICAL EA'CVCLOr.EDIA. 
 
 209 
 
 his decease, which occurred in iSlo. Ilis mother, a native 
 of Long Island, New York, formed the acquaintance of ^ 
 Ensign King while he was a prisoner, was married to him 
 on his release, and accompanied him to his home in Adams ‘ 
 county, Pennsylvania, where she lived until her demise in 
 1805. Until his thirteenth year was reached he worked on 
 a farm, attending through the winter months a neighboring 
 countiy school. In 1810 he entered an educational institution 
 in Gettysburg, and there pursued a course of classical studies 
 for about three years. Later he attended Dickinson College, 
 Pennsylvania, for about eighteen months. He then turned 
 his attention to the study of law, and for three years applied 
 himself to his legal text-books in Gettysburg. After passing 
 the requisite examination, he was admitted to the bar in 
 November, 1817, and in the following December moved to 
 Ripley, Brown county, Ohio, where he remained during the 
 ensuing twelve years, actively engaged in the control of an 
 extensive legal practice. The first court of Brown county, 
 after its organization in 1818, was held March 3d in the 
 same year, and he was then appointed the first Prosecuting 
 Attorney of the county by Judge Joshua Collett, and the 
 three Associate Judges, William Anderson, James Moore, 
 and Joseph N. Campbell. He discharged with ability the ^ 
 duties of this office for five years, at the expiration of which I 
 time he was, through pecuniary considerations, induced to I 
 resign it, declining to serve the remaining two years of his 
 appointed term. In 1831 he selected Georgetown, Brown 
 county, as his field of professional labor, and has since re- 
 sided there uninterruptedly, constantly busied in the man- 
 agement of a large business. In 1832 he was appointed 
 Clerk of the Supreme and Common Pleas Courts. The ap- 
 pointment was for seven years, but he served in all eight 
 years before a successor was appointed. He is a supporter 
 of the Republican party, and cast his first vote for lames 
 Monroe in 1820. He is a member of the Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church. He was married in 1818 to Elizabeth M. 
 Wills, a native of Chillicothe, Ohio. The fruits of this 
 union have been eleven children. | 
 
 ARQUHAR, ORLANDO C., Physician and Sur- ■ 
 geon, was born near Salem, Columbiana county, ^ 
 Ohio, March 4th, 1835. His parents were of j 
 Scotch descent, and in religious faith belonged to \ 
 the Society of Friends, or Quakers. He was \ 
 educated primarily in the village school of ; 
 Putnam (now the Ninth Ward of Zanesville), under the in- | 
 struction of Professor Z. M. Chandler. The first movement 1 
 made after leaving school was a trip down the Muskingum i 
 river and Ohio river on a trading flatboat. About two years 1 
 were thus spent in the Western waters and their tributaries, ! 
 and at their expiration he returned to his home, and de- I 
 voted himself, after due consideration, to the study of medi- I 
 cine and surgery. After remaining as a student three years | 
 
 27 
 
 in the office of his father. Dr. E. A. Farquhar, he attended 
 lectures at the Medical College of Ohio, at Cincinnati, dur- 
 ing 1857 and 1858. Upon quitting this institution the 
 practice of medicine was begun at Putnam, in partnership 
 with his father, and continued until October, 1875, wdien the 
 firm was dissolved by mutual consent, O. C. Farquhar re- 
 tiring. In 1872 he had graduated at the University of 
 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. For several years past he has 
 taken an active interest in municipal political proceedings. 
 For six years he was a valued member of the Board of Edu- 
 cation, was subsequently a member of the village council 
 of Putnam, and became prominent as an able advocate of the 
 annexation of Putnam to the city of Zanesville — an event 
 which was brought about in a great measure through his 
 earnest and well-directed labors. After the accomplishment 
 and ratification of that annexation, the members of the 
 dominant party elected him on the Republican ticket to 
 represent them in the City Council for two years. At the 
 expiration of the first term he was re-elected to the same po- 
 sition. During the exciting times of the Temperance 
 Crusade and the existence of the Prohibitory Beer Ordi- 
 nance, he had the moral courage to write an ordinance re- 
 peating the original one. He was married, April 2d, 1856, 
 to Elizabeth J. Irvine, who died in 1859. June 7th, i860, he 
 was again married, to Mary L. Ransom, of Coshocton, 
 Ohio, with whom he now lives. 
 
 M cCREA, CHARLES T., Merchant, was born in 
 Addison, Champaign county, Ohio, April i8lh, 
 1832, and is of .Scotch and Irish extraction. He 
 vvas educated at Woodward College, entering that 
 institution October 9th, 1848, under the presidency 
 of the celebrated Dr. Thomas J. Briggs. On 
 leaving college he began at once his mercantile career. He 
 first located at Dayton, Ohio, where he was engaged for one 
 year and a half. He then entered the house of Barcroft, 
 Beaver & Co., of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he re- 
 mained two years. In 1856 he removed to Indianapolis, 
 Indiana, and began business for himself in a wholesale house 
 of hats, caps and straw goods. During his two years of 
 merchandising at the capital of the Hoosier State, he won 
 the respect and confidence of all with whom he asso- 
 ciated. His next location, in the summer of 1858, was 
 again in Dayton, the city where his mercantile life began in 
 the autumn of 1852. The business he had commenced so 
 auspiciously in Indianapolis he continued with vigor two 
 years at Dayton, when, on the first day of January, i860, he 
 opened in Pearl street, Cincinnati, Ohio, a large vdiolesale 
 house with an excellent stock of hats, caps, furs, gloves and 
 straw goods. The wisdom of this move is proved by more 
 than fifteen years, with a fair prospect of many more in the 
 future, of useful activity in the same business and in the 
 same street. Mr. McCrea’s remarkable success in business 
 
210 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 is due to his steadfast honesty, courtesy and punctuality. 
 No one could be more conscientious in the fulfilment of an 
 engagement. Many of his patrons, residing hundreds of 
 miles from the Queen City, have learned that tliey can send 
 orders to his store and have them filled with the same care 
 and fidelity as if they were personally .superintending the 
 selection of the goods. The subject of this sketch has ever 
 manifested a deep interest in the welfare of his adopted city, 
 and is always found with those who are laboring to improve 
 society, physically, morally and .religiously. When the 
 “ Citizens’ Protection Society” was organized in 1S73, 
 McCrea was unanimously elected Treasurer of the same, 
 showing how highly he is esteemed by those whose good- 
 will is of especial value. On June 27th, 1861, he was 
 married to Ada Betts, of Cincinnati, by whom he has five 
 children, all boys. 
 
 ARBELL, DAVID, I.awyer, Judge of the Court 
 of Common Pleas of the First .Subdivision of the 
 Fifth Judicial District of Ohio, was born in Ripley, 
 Brown county, Ohio, December 3d, 1S36. lie 
 was the second child in a family consisting of five 
 children, whose parents were William T. Tarbell 
 and Martha (Stevenson) Tarbell. His father, a native of 
 Massachusetts, having been born near Groton, followed in 
 early life the occupation of sea-captain, and in later years 
 traded through the West with the Indians. About the year 
 1833 he settled in Ripley, Ohio, where, continuhig his trading 
 operations, he remained until his decease in 1852. He was 
 widely and favorably known as a public-spirited and an en- 
 terprising citizen, and was noted also for his enthusiastic 
 devotion to the now extinct Whig party. His mother, a 
 native of Adams county, Ohio, was the daughter of one of 
 the pioneer settlers of that county, and died in 1854. His 
 paternal ancestors were active participants in the revolution- 
 ary struggle, and were of Scotch and German extraction. 
 On the maternal side his ancestors were natives of Ireland, 
 and his mother’s father, having been engaged against the 
 British crown in the revolution of 1798, was forced to flee 
 from his home, and came to America to find the h.aven 
 denied him in his own land. Judge David TarbeP, in his 
 sixteenth year, began life on his own resources as a shoe- 
 maker, at Ripley, Ohio. This occupation monopolized his 
 time and energies for about one year, at the expiration of 
 which period he found employment as a clerk in a dry-goods 
 store of the same town. This business occupied his atten- 
 tion during the following six months. Up to that time he 
 had been attending school as regularly as circumstances 
 would permit, and had accordingly acquired a thorough 
 English education. After relinquishing the clerkship, he 
 assumed the role of educator in a country school situated 
 near Decatur, Brown county, and, while pursuing a course 
 of literary and legal study, sustained it for about six years. 
 During this period also he attended the Wesleyan Univer- 
 
 j sity, of Ohio. In 1858 he passed the requisite examination 
 and was admitted to the bar, whereupon he entered on the 
 practice of his profession in his native place, and remained 
 there until 1861. He then removed to Aberdeen, Ohio, 
 where he was engaged in professional labors until the spring 
 of 1864. Between the former and the latter date he was ap- 
 pointed Prosecuting Attorney of Brown county, and per- 
 I formed the duties of that office for about one year. Leaving 
 Aberdeen in iS64,*he established his office in Georgetown, 
 where he has since resided, engaged in conducting the af- 
 fairs of a very extensive clientage. In this year he was 
 elected Probate Judge of Brown county, and later was re- 
 elected to the same office. That position was occupied by 
 him in all for a period of five or six years. His first election 
 to it was the consequence of a vacancy occasioned by the 
 death of Judge Charles F. Campbell. In 1868 he was a 
 Delegate to the National Democratic Convention, at New 
 I York. In 1871 he was elected Judge of the Court of Com- 
 mon Pleas, which office he now holds. He gives to the 
 Democratic party his favor and influence, and cast his first 
 vote for President for Stephen A. Douglas. He is attached 
 to the Methodist Church, and is an useful coworker in all 
 important measures projected to ameliorate the condition of 
 society or to hasten the development of the best interests of 
 his State and the general community. P'or many years past 
 j he has been a Mason, and is a member also of the Odd 
 I Fellow Fraternity. In the Masonic Order he is a Knight 
 Templar, and is a member of the Cincinnati Commandery, 
 No. 3. He is a member also of the Order of the Knights 
 of Pythias, and is warmly interested in the welfare 
 of the various societies in which he is a valued associate. 
 He was married, January 1st, 1S61, to Nancy Sallee, a 
 native of Brown county, Ohio. 
 
 EIDMAN, JOHN C., Wholesale Grocer, is of Ger- 
 man birth and of Germ,an ancestry. He was born 
 in Steinsficld, Wittenberg, Germany, but came, 
 when a child, to this country, and thenceforward 
 his home was in Ohio. He attended school in 
 Medina county in that State, and after having 
 proettred his education, he entered the wholesale grocery 
 and liquor house of Me?sri. Loomis & Brown, of Cleve- 
 land, as a clerk. He remained with that firm in the 
 capacity of clerk until the year 1845, when he went to 
 j Liverpool, Medina county, and started in business on his 
 own account, opening a grocery store there. He continued 
 in this business until 1848, when he left Ohio, and went to 
 East Bloomfield, Ontario county, New York. There he 
 went to work as a farmer and nurseryman, and continued 
 so employed for a period of two years. At the end of that 
 time he returned to Cleveland, and re-entered the whole- 
 sale grocery and liquor business, in the employ of W. J. 
 
 ! Gordon. He remained with this house for four years and 
 

BIOGRArniCAL ENCYCLOP.^iDIA. 
 
 211 
 
 then left, and went to work for the firm of Edwards & 
 Iddin^s, wholesale grocers, in Cleveland. With this firm 
 he remained for seven years; and then, in l86i, he left 
 them, formed a copartnership with J. D. Hildebrand, under 
 the firm-name of Weidman & Co., in the wholesale liquor 
 business. This partnership w-as continued for four years, 
 and then the firm dissolved, and he carried on the same 
 business alone for some four months. At the end of that 
 time he entered into a partner.ship with Ilannis Tiedman, 
 under the firm-name of Weidman & Tiedman, in the whole- 
 s.ile grocery and liquor trade. In 1867 Oliver G. Kent was 
 admitted as a member of the firm, and in 1870 Mr. Tiedman 
 retired from the firm, selling his interest in the business to 
 Mr. Kent. In 1871 C. T. Ilasbrouck was admitted to a 
 membership in the firm, and the house now stands under the 
 name of Weidman, Kent & Co. John C. Weidman is a 
 fair e.xample of the self-made man, achieving through his 
 ow'n exertions, and liy his own energy, ability and courage, 
 a goodly degree of prosperity and a high position in the 
 social and business community. He was married on the 
 17th of April, 1853, to Laurie Muntz, of Liverpool, Medina 
 county, Ohio. 
 
 R.\ND, MICH.\EL, Violoncellist, Conductor of tne 
 Cincinnati Grand Orchestra, was born in New 
 York city, January ilth, 1849. Miclxiel took his 
 first instruction in music at the early age of six 
 years. He developed, thus early, an excellent 
 taste, and very readily acquired facility and skill 
 as a musician. He performed principally at garden con- 
 certs, and when eight years of age became first violinist in 
 the organization. When ten, he formed a boys’ quartette 
 band, playing the violoncello himself, having had no pre- 
 vious instruction on this instrument save one lesson. After 
 playing a number of years in Brand’s Band, and three years 
 in Pike’s Opera House Orchestra, he determined to go to 
 New York, where he believed he could secure a more rapid 
 advance in the science of instrumental music, by association 
 with the talent of that city, and through the instruction of 
 the most talented teachers. He appeared at first as a sub- 
 stitute in theatrical orchestras, but was in a very short time 
 offered by Mr. Thom.rs a place in his orchestra, which he 
 gladly accepted, seeing in this acceptance the advantages he 
 would have in an organization led by so competent a master 
 of the art. He filled this )iosiLion about five years, during 
 which he became the favorite pupil of the celebrated Carl 
 Anschutz. He resided with him and was his close com- 
 j)anion up to the day of his death. Under this distinguished 
 mu.-.ician he took a thorough course of theoretic training, 
 and became an accomplished instrumentalist. In 1872 he 
 was induced by Mr. Louis Ballenberg, Manager of the Cin- 
 cinnati (Orchestra, to accept the conductor>hip of that body, 
 then newly organized. He returned to that city to enter 
 upon the duties of this office, which he discharges with 
 
 popular satisfaction at the present time. He labored in- 
 dustriously to make this orchestra without a superior, and 
 all his laudable efforts were rewarded with success, exhibit- 
 ing rare tact and ability as a conductor, and winning for 
 that organization not only a fine reputation, but the patron- 
 age of the patrons of music in that city. The violoncello is 
 the instrument of his choice, and his performances are mainly 
 with it; but there are few men, perhaps, whose skill has a 
 wider range than his. He plays with facility and taste on 
 nearly every other orchestral instrument, with a power of 
 giving every shade of expression which shows him the pos- 
 sessor of a real genius for his art. His long course of theo- 
 retical and practical training, especially under Mr. AR- 
 schutz, developed this extraordinary versatility. When 
 twelve years of age he composed his first piece, and has 
 since produced others, adapted for the use of bands and 
 orchestras, which are more than usually meritorious. He 
 is to be credited with raising the Cincinnati Orchestra to its 
 present standard of efficiency, and to have gratified the ex- 
 pectations of its friends when he first entered upon its leader- 
 ship. His whole nature is enlisted in the cause of music 
 audits intelligent and artistic development, and few men, in 
 this or European countries, have achieved a more honorable 
 reputation as one of its exponents. He is in the prime of 
 manhood, and labors still with unabated enthusiasm in a 
 field which has already covered him with distinction. 
 
 • EAD, HIRAM, Piofessor of .Sacred Rhetoric, in 
 Oberlin Theological .Seminary, is a New Eng- 
 lander by birth. He was born in Cornwall, Ver- 
 mont, on the loth of May, 1827. His father was 
 Rufus Mead. One of his six brothers, Rufus 
 Mead, Jr., was late United Slates Consul to 
 Nicaragua; another, Martin L. Mead, M. D., is a physician 
 in Cleveland, Ohio; and another brother is Rev. Charles M. 
 Mead, Professor of Hebrew Literature in Andover Theologi- 
 cal Seminary. Like so many of the New England men who 
 have gained for themselves prominence and distinction, he 
 was a farmer’s son, and was born to hard work instead of to 
 luxury and wealth. His early education was mainly ob- 
 tained at the common district schools of the neighborhood 
 in which he lived, and his mental training was largely ac- 
 companied by physical training in the shape of farm-work. 
 After going through the course of study in the district 
 schools, he was prepared for college at Buir Seminary, in 
 Manchester, Vermont, and that done, he entered as a student 
 at Middlebury College. He graduated at Middlebury in 
 1850. After leaving college he W'as employed for a period 
 of two years as teacher in the Flushing Institute, on Long 
 Island. At the end of that time, in 1852, he became a tutor 
 in Middlebury College, holding that position for two years 
 longer. Then, in the year 1854, he entered as a student at 
 Andover 'rheological Seminary, and graduated there in 
 
212 
 
 BIOGRAnilCAL EXCYCLOP.EDI A. 
 
 1857. In September, 1858, the year after his graduation at 
 Andover, he became pastor of the Congregational Church at 
 South Hadley, Massachusetts. He continued to fill the 
 pulpit of this church until November, 1867, at the same time 
 holding the positions of Secretary and member of the Board 
 of Trustees of Mount Holyoke Eemale Seminary. In the 
 month of December, 1867, he was installed as pastor of the 
 Olive Street Congregational Church in Nashua, New Hamp- 
 shire. He continued his service as pastor of that church 
 until October, 1869, w’hen he entered upon his duties as 
 Professor of Sacred Rhetoric in Oberlin Theological Semi- 
 nary, a department of Oberlin College, which position he still 
 dbntinues to occupy. In 1871 he received the degree of 
 D. 1 ). from Middlebury College, and in 1S74 he was invited 
 to assume the presidency of that institution, an honor which 
 he declined. In addition to his duties as Professor in Ober- 
 lin Theological Seminary, he has acted for six years as 
 associate pastor of the Second Congregational Church in 
 Oberlin. He was married on the 5th of August, 1S58, to 
 Elizabeth Storrs Billings, of Andover, Massachusetts. 
 
 G f-^^CILER, DAVID, ex-Memberof Congress and 
 Attorney-at-Law, w'as born at Sharpsburg, Mary- 
 land, on the 24th of December, 1796. He was 
 the eldest son of Christian Spangler and Annie 
 Spangler, zealous members of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church. In November, 1872, the 
 family removed from Maryland and settled at Zanesville, 
 then a frontier and important town in Ohio. Zanesville, 
 even at that early day, was favored with lilieral means of 
 primary education, to which the subject of this sketch had 
 free access, and he was not slow to profit by his ojiportuni- 
 ties, limited as they were. In early life he was engaged in 
 the business of clerking in his father’s dry-goods store. 
 Tiring at length of the monotony of a shopkeeper’s life, 
 about the year 1S21, wdien twenty-five years of age, he en- 
 tered upon the study of the law under the direction of Hon. 
 Alexander Harper, long a distinguished Judge of the Com- 
 mon Pleas Court and subsequently a member of Congress. 
 At the term of the Supreme Court held at Cleveland in 
 1S24, Mr. Spangler rvas admitted as an attorney-at-law and 
 solicitor in chancery in this State. After his admission to 
 the bar he at once entered on the practice of the law at 
 Zanesville. In 1S30 he was put in nomination by his polit- 
 ical friends for a seat in the Legislature, and though the 
 opposing party was strongly in the ascendant in Muskingum 
 county at that period, he came within a very few votes of 
 success. In 1S32 an eligible opening offering for increase 
 of professional business, he removed to Coshocton, Ohio, 
 wdiich was thenceforward until the day of his death his per- 
 manent residence. Professional business poured in upon 
 him from the start, and veiy soon after he settled in Coshoc- 
 ton, he was called u]5on to take a leading part in politics. In 
 
 the fall of that year he was elected a Representative to Con- 
 gress from the Twelfth Ohio District, then composed of the 
 counties of Coshocton, Knox, Hoimes and Tuscarawas, and 
 in 1834 was re-elected to the same position. He was a 
 Whig in his political principles, but although his district 
 was overwhelmingly in the hands of his political opponents, 
 such was his popularity that he was elected each time by a 
 triumphant majority. During his first term of service in 
 Congress, and at the January term, 1834, of the Supreme 
 Court of the United States, Chief-Justice Marshall presiding, 
 he was admitted as an attorney and counsellor of that court. 
 About the same time he argued orally before the same emi- 
 nent jurist a case on appeal from Ohio, and gained his client’s 
 cause. In 1S44, the M’hig party being then largely in the as- 
 cendant in the .State, he was unanimously nominated by a 
 State convention of that party for the office of Governor of 
 Ohio. Preferring the quiet of domestic life, and desirous 
 of superintending the education of his two sons, and tired 
 of the turmoil and excitement of the political arena, he re- 
 spectfully but firmly declined the flattering distinction of- 
 fered him by his fellow-citizens. He was emphatically the 
 architect of his own fortune. In his youth he had not the 
 advantages possessed by many. He was never at college. 
 But this great want was more than made up by his energy, 
 industry and perseverance in after years. He became by 
 his self-directed efforts a good 6 el/es Ictlres scholar, a pro- 
 found lawyer, and an eloquent advocate. His strong phys- 
 ical constitution harmonized admirably with his clear and 
 vigorous mind, and in social life he was esteemed and ad- 
 mired for his wit, genial manners, and his joyous humor. 
 He was eng.aged in all the important cases of his time in 
 the locality in which he lived, and when professionally oc- 
 cu])ied never failed to elicit the warm commendation of alt 
 who witnessed his unassailable deportment. He was mar- 
 ried December 3d, 1828, to Elizabeth Grafton Etherington, 
 of Baltimore, Maryland, by whom he had two sons, Elher- 
 ington T. Spangler, and Alexander H. Spangler, both of 
 whom applied themselves to the study and practice of law. 
 He died at Coshocton on the afternoon of Saturday, Octo- 
 ber i8th, 1856. 
 
 
 C^^LIPPART, JOHN HANCOCK, Secretary of the 
 .State Board of Agriculture, was born near Canton, 
 .Stark county, Ohio, his parents being Henry and 
 Eve (Henning) Klippart, on July 26th, 1823. 
 His paternal grandfather came to America with 
 Lafayette, and at the close of the revolutionary 
 war married a Virginia lady and settled in Maryland. In 
 18S6 he moved to Stark county, Ohio, with his family of six 
 children. He was brother to Marshal Klcber, so con- 
 spicuous in the battles fought by Napoleon. Mr. Klippart’s 
 maternal great-great-grandfather was a Huguenot, whose 
 family fled, first to Flanders and afterwards to Pennsylvania, 
 to escape persecution. They settled in the vicinity of Har- 
 
BIOGR API I ICAL EAX'VCLOP. EDI A. 
 
 21 
 
 risburg, the capital of that State, in the cemeteries of which 
 the family name of Henning is frequently to be met with. 
 Until his ninth year Mr. Klippart attended the common 
 “subscription” schools, taught by Irish schoolmasters. In 
 his tenth year he was sent to live with an aunt, and was 
 engaged in making and tilling weaver “ quills.” During 
 the two succeeding years he was employed in wool-carding, 
 and in 1836 he was placed as an errand-boy in the store of 
 Gorgas & Kuntze, in Louisville, Stark county, remaining 
 with them only a few months. He was then engaged by a 
 brother-in-law of I. Zerbe, with whom he stayed only a short 
 time, entering the establishment of Sala & Kline, of Canton, 
 to learn the drug business, and to “ read ” medicine. Erom 
 1S40 until the fall of 1847 he acted as clerk in drug and dry- 
 goods stores in Massillon and Mount E.aton, Wayne county. 
 In 1847 he married Emeline Kahn, of Canton, and entered 
 the dry-goods trade on his own account. In this line he was 
 profitably engaged until 1852. In 1849 he was appointed 
 Postmaster of Osnalwg, Stark county, having been engaged 
 in the meantime as a subcontractor on the line of the Ohio 
 & Pennsylvania Railroad, now known as the Pittsburgh, 
 Fort Wayne & Chicago Railroad. In this connection all 
 the profits of his entire mercantile career tvere swallowed 
 up. In 1853, in company with Daniel Gotschall, and after- 
 tvards wdth John M. Webb, he edited and published the 
 Democratic Transcript, at Canton. In the following year he 
 removed to Cleveland and edited the American Liberal, a 
 journal whose existence covered only a few months. Upon 
 its demise he was associated with Thomas Brown, editor 
 and publisher of the Ohio Farmer, and sustained this rela- 
 tionship until December, 1856, when he was elated Cor- 
 responding Secretary of the Ohio State Board of Agricul- 
 ture, an office which he has occupied uninterruptedly up to 
 the present time. At the same time Hon. Salmon P. Chase, 
 then Governor of Ohio, tendered him the position of State 
 Librarian, which he declined, preferring to give his entire 
 attention to the wider field of agricultural science. For 
 many years he was a constant contributor to the agricultural 
 press of the country, and many of his essays on agricultural 
 topics, and translations from German and French agricul- 
 tural writers, are to be found scattered throughout the several 
 annual volumes of his reports to the Legislature of Ohio. 
 In l86o he published an exhaustive treatise on the “ Wheat 
 Plant,” which was the first attempt in this country to .sys- 
 tematize the known facts in relation to this important cereal, 
 and of which three large editions followed each other in 
 rapid succession. Two years later he published a very 
 practical treatise on the “ Theory and Practice of Farm 
 Drainage,” two large editions of which have been issued by 
 Robert Clarke & Co., of Cincinnati, the largest and among 
 the most substantial book-publishers in the West. This 
 last-named work is the text-book on drainage in the Ohio 
 Agricultural College. In 1S60 Governor Dennison ap- 
 pointed Mr. Klippart as one of the Commissioners to visit 
 Massachusetts, and examine into and rcixrrt upon the cattle 
 
 disease then prevailing in that State. His report, which is 
 quite voluminous and very important, was printed in the 
 “Ohio Agricultural Report,” for 1859. During the war he 
 was frequently despatched by Governors Tod and Brough, 
 with important messages for the armies from Ohio, to Nash- 
 ville, Cold Harbor, and elsewhere. In 1865 he was de- 
 puted by the State Board of Agriculture and the Department 
 of Agriculture at Washington, to examine the European in- 
 stitutions for teaching theoretical and practical agriculture, 
 as well as to observe the systems of agriculture 1 ractised in 
 Great Britain and the countries of continental Europe. His 
 report of his lour of observation, printed in the “ Ohio Agri- 
 cultural Report,” for 1865, contributed largely, if it was not 
 the sole cause, to the introduction of the Percheron horse 
 fronr France. More than two hundred thousand dollars’ 
 worth of these horses are now in Ohio. In 1869 Governor 
 Hayes appointed him as Assistant State Geologist, and he 
 was assigned to the agricultural portion of the survey. This 
 appointment he held with distinction until the expiration of 
 his term, when the corps was continued under a reorganiza- 
 tion, in which the agricultural department was omitted, the 
 Legislature being more interested in developing and promot- 
 ing the interests of the mineral than of the agricultural re- 
 sources of the State. In 1873 Governor Noyes appointed 
 Mr. Klippart as one of three Commissioners of Fisheries, 
 assigning to him the duty of ascertaining the feasibility of 
 replenishing the streams of Ohio and Lake Erie with fish 
 of species adapted to these waters. His report made such an 
 impression on the Legislature that an act was passed author- 
 izing the appointment of a commission, with an appropria- 
 tion of 810,000, to build hatching-houses and conduct them. 
 Governor Allen selected him as one of the commissioners. 
 Although poverty and the lack of proper school facilities 
 deprived him in early life of the advantages of a systematic 
 education, his persistent effort in devoting all his leisure 
 time to study secured him a knowledge especially of scien- 
 tific matters, which is comprehensive and thorough. While 
 in politics he has never been a partisan in the strict interpre- 
 tation of the word, he has always allied himself to that or- 
 ganization which protected American labor, fostered and 
 promoted American industries, and developed American re- 
 sources. His religious views are liberal, and he conforms 
 to no special creed, his belief being th.at true religion is not 
 to be governed by any tenet or set of tenets established by a 
 church, and that, if it is true and sincere, it will be con- 
 stantly apparent in daily acts. He is a devoted student of 
 scientific agriculture, and is recognized as an authority in the 
 settlement of disputed questions relating to it. His wiitings 
 are quoted in many influential European publications, that 
 on the wheat plant having been wholly reprinted abroad. 
 He has been honored by his election as a member of the 
 Central Acclimatization Society of Prussia, and of the Im- 
 perial Agricultural Society of France. The California 
 Natural History Society elected him a corresponding mem- 
 ber, and the same courtesy and acknowledgment of his in- 
 
214 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 valuable services was extended by the Cincinnati Natural 
 1 1 istory Society. In 1856 he was Secretary of the Cleve- 
 land Academy of Science, and subsequently was enrolled a 
 member of the American Association for the Advancement 
 of Science, and at the meeting of this organization, in 1874, 
 he contributed a paper on Flatygonus Couipressus." lie is 
 Vice-President of the Natural History Society of Columbus. 
 The labors of Mr. Klippart have been so important in the 
 domain of agricultural science, that the honors which have 
 been extended to him by American and foreign societies 
 have not been undeserved. In all the important offices to 
 which he has been appointed, he has discharged the duties 
 devolving upon him not only with the highest degree of 
 skill, but with the greatest fidelity and intelligent care. He 
 is justly esteemed by the entire public in this State, and by 
 those elsewhere who know of him. 
 
 G) 
 
 
 iICHARDS, RANSOM ERASTUS, Operator in 
 Real Estate, Farmer, Author, was born in Cana- 
 j!| dice, Livingston county, in the western part of 
 
 ' New York, October 13th, 1833. His earliest rec- 
 
 ollections are associated with the hills and dales 
 of the Genesee. Hemlock Lake, a romantic sheet 
 of water lying among the “ Ball Hills,” and the barren, 
 stony peaks of the surrounding elevations, were to him fa- 
 miliar and beloved sights. And the course of the winding 
 Honeoye, with its shaded banks, was one of his favorite 
 haunts. His parents, according to tradition, traced their 
 origin to the Pilgrim Fathers, and were natives of the State 
 of Connecticut. His mother died a few months after his 
 fourth birthday, and his father in the following year was 
 again married to an estimable lady, who thenceforward oc- 
 cupied the position of female head of the family. The first 
 nine years of his life were passed in Lima, Livingston 
 county. New York. In February, 1842, the family moved 
 to Ohio in a canvas-covered wagon drawn by four horses, 
 for the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad was not 
 then in existence, or probably even under contemplation. 
 A settlement was made in the township of Chesterfield, near 
 the western boundary of Lucas county, now Fulton county. 
 The country was new and abounded in wild game ; hunting 
 was therefore the ordinary pastime, often a profession. The 
 ensuing ten years spent there were accompanied with the 
 usual toils, hardships and pleasures incident to a frontier 
 home in the West, and the transforming of a quarter-section 
 of wild land into a well-cultivated farm. “ .My recollections 
 of that farm are vivid. The driving of two, and sometimes 
 three, pairs of oxen to break up the virgin soil ; the cutting 
 of ‘ blue joint ’ and ‘ razor’ gr.ass on the prairies, and poling 
 it through water, half knee deep, to the high ground for 
 stacking ; the constant fear, during haying time, of being 
 bitten by ‘ mas.saugers,’ a species of short, dark-colored rat- 
 tlesnake ; the contending against annual fires on the open- 
 
 ings; the unearthing of thousands of ‘ blue racers’ ’ eggs in 
 the warm, incubating sands of the old bluff ; the periodical 
 shaking with ‘ fever ’n ager : ’ all are as events of yester- 
 day.” Toledo was then the market centre, and for several 
 years, in addition to his labors on the farm, he was engao-ed, 
 more or less regularly, in driving a wagon with two pairs of 
 oxen, loaded with wheat, to Raymond’s mill, spending four 
 days in the trip, and receiving for the grain from fifty to 
 .seventy-five cents per bushel. ” I had an early penchant 
 for scribbling, my first manuscript collection being a series 
 of school compositions on the horse, the sheep, the use of 
 tobacco, intemperance, etc., and which I thought seriously 
 for a time of having printed in a book. For this purpose I 
 applied to the Messrs. Scott & Fairbanks, publishers of 
 the Blade, who informed me that the cost would not be 
 less than ten dollars. This nipped the enterprise in the bud. 
 My financial resources were not sufficiently extensive at 
 that time to enable me to embark in so great an undertak- 
 ing.” During the winter of 1850-51 he attended a school 
 at Sylvania, conducted by A. B. West, and at the close of 
 the term had the honor of writing the valedictory. In the 
 following spring his first printed literary composition ap- 
 peared, “A Golden Sunset,” a prose sketch of about half a 
 column, in the Penysburg Star. Of his poems, the first in 
 print came out in the Toledo Republican, and was entitled 
 “ The Western Wilds.” In the spring of 1851 his father, 
 becoming discouraged over the residts of his farming opera- 
 tions in Chesterfield, sold his possessions there and pur- 
 chased another farm of one hundred and sixty acres near the 
 city of Toledo, which step, as shown by after events, was a 
 wise and profitable venture. In the succeeding winter of 
 1851-52, having “finished his schooling,” which embraced 
 only a moderate knowledge of the common branches of edu- 
 cation, he began to cherish the design of becoming a printer. 
 That intention was, however, opposed by his father, from a 
 fear that the confinement of office life would be detrimental 
 to his health. But persisting steadily in his tactics to secure 
 the desired end, he ultimately became an entered apprentice 
 to Myers & Riley, in the office of the Toledo Republican. 
 From early in 1852 until the spring of 1853 he worked there 
 “at the case,” about one-half the time, the remaining half 
 being employed in travelling on business of the office. It 
 was during his apprenticeship that he began “ paragraph- 
 ing ” for the payier ; and also for a time he copied telegraph 
 despatches from the reading of the operator. While acting 
 in this capacity he wrote out the last annual message of 
 President Fillmore, a task which occupied the greater por- 
 tion of a cold night in December. His associates and 
 fellow-workers in the Republican office were Charles F. 
 Browne (“Artemas Ward ”), Charles R. Dennett, since an 
 editor of considerable note, and James A. Boyd (“ Sandy”), 
 his foreman, an accomplished job-printer. Before the ex- 
 piration of the year, his health becoming impaired, he was 
 advised to seek another field of labor and a change of cli- 
 mate. Early in the spring of 1S53, George G. Lyon, one 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP-LDIA. 
 
 215 
 
 of the editors of the Toledo Blade, offered him an engage- 
 ment on the staff of that paper, as Local and Commercial 
 Reporter, with the salary of five dollars per week — eight to 
 ten dollars per week being then first-class wages for “ profes- 
 sionals.” He was then released from the articles of his 
 apprenticeship bond with Mr. Riley, and accepted the situ- 
 ation on the Blade. After a trial of two months on the 
 new theatre of action, however, his health continuing poor, 
 he was compelled to quit the business altogether. Proceed- 
 ing northward, he spent the summer and part of the fall on 
 the island of Mackinac, finding occupation while there in a 
 grocery store, conducted by P'redeiick Hoitt. With health 
 restored to him he returned to Toledo, and passed the win- 
 ter in the employ of Joseph R. Williams, soliciting subscrip- 
 tions for the Blade, in which he met with ordinary success. 
 In December, 1854, he again secured a position on the 
 Blade as Local and Commercial Editor, with J. R. Williams, 
 afterward President of the Michigan State Agricultural 
 College, as proprietor and editor-in-chief. He held this 
 post for a little over a year, since which time he has had 
 no direct connection with any paper, except as an occa- 
 sional writer and correspondent. In January, 1855, he 
 edited and published the first business directory of Toledo, 
 Ohio, printed in the columns of the Blade. Subsequently 
 he engaged in agricultural pursuits on a farm of forty acres 
 near the city, and on that homestead has since permanently 
 resided. He connected himself with the Masonic order in 
 1858, and rapidly gained an influential position among his 
 brethren. In the spring of 1871 he Iiecaine an active worker 
 in the task of organizing the Northwestern Ohio Masonic ' 
 Relief Association of Toledo, for the insuring of lives on the 
 co-opeiative plan. Since its organization he has served as 
 Secretary and Treasurer of this institution, has received and 
 disbursed over $25,000, and has been instrumental in se- 
 curing a membership of 1700. For ten years he was Master 
 of a Lodge, and at the present time officiates as Grand 
 Lecturer of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, for the Third District. 
 In 1871 he set on foot a plan to raise means for the erection 
 of a monument to the memory of deceased Masons buried 
 in Forest Cemeteiy, Toledo, and thus far has met with entire 
 success. He has an extensive acquaintance among Masons 
 throughout the State, and is widely and favorably known as 
 an energetic and useful coworker and associate. During 
 1870 he wrote and published “An Historical Sketch of 
 Early Masonry in Northwestern Ohio,” a pamphlet of 
 sixty-four pages, which had a good local sale. Also of late 
 years he has been a regular contributor to the Masonic Re- 
 viei.K), published at Cincinnati, Ohio. Since December, 1867, 
 he has devoted the greater portion of his time to the busi- 
 ness of buying and selling real estate, with an office at No. ^ 
 19 Campbell Block, Toledo, Ohio. The follow ing is at ' 
 once an amusing and an instructive reminiscence of his liter- 
 ary career ; “ One literary effort in particular do I remem- 
 ber, written several years ago, that went the rounds of the 
 press, and finally returned to the starting point, having in 
 
 the meantime lost all credit of authorship.” He was mar- 
 ried, December 13th, 1855, Maryette Bush, eldest daugh- 
 ter of Dr. B. H. Bush, one of the pioneer physicians of 
 Toledo and Lucas county, Ohio. 
 
 AYS, WTLLIAM A., County Auditor, was born in 
 Montgomery county, Ohio, June 7th, 1842. He 
 received a common school education. When 
 eighteen years old he started in active life as a 
 clerk in a country store, remaining thus engaged 
 three years. He served as a clerk in the Treas- 
 urer’s office of Montgomery county, Ohio, during the years 
 1870 and 1871, and during the succeeding two years was 
 engaged as bookkeeper for the banking house of Harsh- 
 man & Co., Dayton, Ohio. In 1873 he was elected Auditor 
 of Montgomery County on the Democratic ticket. 
 
 ALL, FLAMEN, Jr., was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 February lith, 1837, and is the only surviving 
 one of six sons, the others having died in infancy 
 or early childhood. In 1843 his parents removed 
 to Clifton, where he attended the village school. 
 In 1854 he entered Kenyon College, but left that 
 institution at the end of his second collegiate year and com- 
 menced the study of law in the office of Chase & Ball. At 
 the age of twenty-one he received the degree of Bachelor 
 of Laws from the law department of the Cincinnati College, 
 and was admitted to the bar in thespringof 1858. In i860 
 he formed a copartnership with his father, under the name 
 of Ball & Ball, which firm existed until the war, when, de- 
 siring to respond to President Lincoln’s call for volunteers, 
 he gave notice to his partner of his intention to enter the 
 army; but before leaving for the field, the firm’s practice 
 being large, and his senior partner unable to attend to it un- 
 aided, he recommended his friend, Isaac M. Jordan, Esq., 
 as his successor, with whom a copartnership was formed 
 under the name of Ball & Jordan — Flamen, Jr., retaining a 
 one-third interest in the business. Mr. Ball at his own ex- 
 pense raised a full company of infantry, of which he was 
 elected Captain. I'ailing to procure the acceptance of his 
 company by Governor Dennison, Ohio’s quota being full, 
 and knowing that Kentucky’s quota had been refused the 
 government by Governor McGalfin, Captain Ball marched 
 his company from Cumminsville, where he recruited it, to 
 Colerain township, where he took possession of the Meth- 
 odist camp-meeting grounds, and whither he induced six 
 other companies to encamp, promising to procure their ac- 
 ceptance by President Lincoln, to be credited to Kentucky 
 as a part of her quota. A committee was despatched to 
 Washington, and through the influence of Secretary Chase 
 
2i6 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 and Captain Ball’s father, who was at that time United 
 States District Attorney for Southern Ohio, Captain Ball’s 
 company and those encamped with him were accepted by 
 the President, who ordered them to proceed to Columbia, 
 vrhere Camp Clay was established, and the ist and 2d Ken- 
 tucky Regiments were speedily recruited and fully organ- 
 ized. Captain Ball was offered a staff position of whichever 
 of those regiments he might desire, but declined promotion, 
 preferring to remain with the men whom he had recruited, 
 not a few of whom had enlisted with the understanding that 
 he would command them. Captain Ball elected to serve in 
 the 2d Regiment, of which Colonel William E. Woodruff, 
 of Louisville, an experienced officer, was chosen to com- 
 mand. These regiments were assigned to active duty in the 
 Kanawha valley. After serving through the West 'Virginia 
 campaign in Brigadier-General Cox’s brigade, the 1st and 
 2d Kentucky Regiments established a reputation for gal- 
 lantry which was maintained to the end of the war. These 
 regiments, in January, 1862, were ordered into Kentucky, 
 when Captain Ball, being physically disabled from the ef- 
 fects of typhoid fever to keep up with his regiment, and not 
 desiring to be under pay without rendering to the govern- 
 ment a quid pro quo, resigned his commission. In May, 
 1S62, and before fully restored to health, he was appointed 
 by Mr. Lincoln an additional aide-de-camp in the United 
 .States army, with the rank of Captain, on the staff of Major- 
 General John E. Wool, and assigned to duty on the staff of 
 Major-General Irvine McDowell, with whom he served until 
 th.at gallant officer was relieved from command of the 3d 
 Corps, Army of the Potomac. Cincinnati at that time was 
 threatened by General Kirby .Smith, who had successfully 
 raided through Kentucky. Secretary Stanton sent for 
 and asked Captain Ball if he would like to assist in 
 defending his fireside, and on receiving an affirmative 
 reply wrote with his own hand an order to the Adjutant- 
 General to give Captain Ball a fifteen days’ leave of 
 absence, who thereupon jtroceeded to Cincinnati and 
 tendered his services to Major-General Lew Wallace, 
 then in command of that city; General Wallace appointed 
 Ijim as aide on his staff, and with whom he served until 
 the expiration of his leave of absence. General Wallace 
 made him the bearer of his official report of the siege 
 of Cincinnati, and immedi.ately upon Captain Ball’s 
 arrival in Washington he was appointed by General Ilal- 
 leck a member of the commission to investigate the 
 surrender of Harper’s Ferry. Captain Ball accompanied 
 General McDowell to .St. Louis, whither that officer was 
 sent to investigate the cotton frauds. While awaiting 
 orders he served as Judge- Advocate on the staff of Major- 
 General Cox, then in command of the District of Ohio, 
 and subsequently, until the close of the war, as Assistant 
 Judge- Advocate of the Department of the Cumberland, on 
 the staff of Major-General George H. Thomas. During 
 the war Captain Ball married Kate Follett, youngest child 
 of Hon. Oran Follett, of Sandusky, Ohio. In politics. 
 
 Captain Ball is a Republican. In 1872 he took a promi- 
 nent part in organizing the Liberal Republican party, and 
 was chosen Presidential elector for the First District of 
 Ohio, on the Greeley ticket. Captain Ball has resided for 
 the past six years in Avondale, a beautiful and thriving 
 suburb of Cincinnati, and is now actively eng.aged in the 
 practice of his profession in his native city. 
 
 ORGAN, GEORGE W., Eawyer and ex-Member 
 of Congress, was born at Washington, Washing- 
 ton county, Pennsylvania, on the 20lh of Septem- 
 ber, 1S20. After obtaining the rudiments of his 
 education at the common schools of the neighbor- 
 hood he entered the Washington College. Before 
 he had entered on his sixteenth year he commenced a 
 military career, which, in later life, became a brilliant and 
 memorable one. His brother had organized a company to 
 assist Texas in securing her independence, and in this 
 company George Morgan enlisted as a private soldier. In 
 this service he made a fine record, passing through the 
 grades of Sergeant, Second and First I.ieutenant, until, at 
 the age of eighteen, he reached the rank of Captain, and 
 commanded the military post on Galveston island. Re- 
 turning again to civil life he went to Ohio, and in the year 
 1843 settled at Mount Vernon, in that State. He had de- 
 termined on adopting the legal profession, and now com- 
 menced in earnest the study of the law, completed his 
 course, was admitted to the bar and became the partner of 
 his preceptor. In 1846, however, he left the conflicts of the 
 court room to participate again in those of the battle field. 
 He went out to take part in the Mexican war as commander 
 of the 2d Regiment Ohio Volunteers. He served under 
 General Taylor until the time of his regiment had expired. 
 In the winter of 1846-47 he was appointed Colonel of the 
 new 15th Infantry, which he commanded under General 
 Scott until the close of the war. For the gallantry of his 
 services at the battles of Contreras and Cherubusco, in the 
 latter of which he was severely wounded, he was brevetted 
 Brigadier-General in the regular army at the age of twenty- 
 seven. The war ended he returned home and resumed 
 the practice of his profession; but another interruption 
 came, in a shape which attested the high esteem which his 
 abilities and accomplishments had won for him. In 1855 
 he was appointed Consul at Marseilles, which position he 
 filled most creditably and satisfactorily. In 1858 he was 
 transferred from the consular to the diplomatic service, as 
 Minister Resident at Lisbon. From diplomatic service he 
 went again to the field. When the war of the rebellion 
 broke out, in 1861, he entered Jhe army as a Brigadier- 
 General of volunteers. He had command of the 7th 
 Division of the Army of the Ohio, and was with General 
 Sherman at Vicksburg. He was promoted to the command 
 of the 1st Corps of the Army of the Mississippi, and was in 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 217 
 
 command of ihe left wing of the army at the taking of Fort 
 Hindman, in Arkansas. In 1863, on account of ill healtli, 
 he resigned, left the army and returned to his home. In 
 politics, he is a Democrat, and in 1865 he was candidate 
 for Governor of Ohio, but was unsuccessful. He was 
 elected, on the Democratic ticket, to the P’ortieth Congress, 
 and his seat was contested by Hon. C. Delano. He was 
 re-elected to the Forty-first and again to the Forty-second 
 Congress, where the record he made was a record of good 
 abilities and strict integrity. After leaving Congress he re- 
 turned again to Mount Vernon, where he has since resided 
 in the successful practice of his profession. He was mar- 
 ried on the 7th of October, 1851, to Sarah H. Hall, of 
 Zanesville. 
 
 
 O) 
 
 G- 
 
 (. 
 
 i' 
 
 c. .J 
 
 HLER, ELIAS ANXAWALD, Steamboat-joiner, 
 was born, March loth, 1820, at Aurora, Dear- 
 born county, Indiana. His mother was Eliza- 
 beth Annawald, of Pennsylvania, and both his 
 parents were of German origin. He was edu- 
 ^ cated in the district schools of his native State, at 
 a time when pioneer settlements were forming, and when 
 the facilities for anything beyond rudimentary instruction 
 were not obtainable in the Western Reserve. These were 
 the days when the course of study, usually pursued in a 
 backwoods school, was covered by “ Dellworth’s Arith- 
 metic,” “ Webster’s Speller” and the “Testament.” He 
 left Aurora when a young man and went to Kentucky, 
 where he worked in various capacities, hut mainly as an 
 employe in a tobacco factory. In 1832 he went to Cincin- 
 nati, and was engaged in a tobacco factory at the corner of 
 F'ourth and Main streets, where “ Invisible Green,” latterly 
 of the Times, was his companion. In 1834 he became 
 second cook in the steamer “ Champlain,” at a salary of five 
 dollare a month. Up to 1835 he served in this culinary 
 capacity, and also as cabin boy on various boats. His 
 venture in business on his own account occurred in the 
 same year. He bought three gallons of whiskey for thirty- 
 seven cents and opened a bar on the steamer “ Lady 
 Byron,” and netted on these three gallons twenty-six dol- 
 lars, after giving the colored steward, who acted as abettor 
 and backer to this enterprise, eleven dollars. The boat 
 went eighty miles up the Ohio and laid up for the winter, 
 and Mr. Ehler was obliged to buy a skiff in order to reach 
 . Cincinnati, which he safely did after rowing the entire dis- 
 tance. In the spring of 1836 he was employed in a blind 
 and sash factor)'. He accompanied the proprietor of the 
 business to Rising Sun, where they got out the timber for 
 the boat “ Renown,” finished the joiner work and brought 
 the vessel to Cincinnati in 1837. During the yellow fever 
 epidemic, in the same year, he made a trip to New Orleans 
 on the “ Renown,” and upon his return to Cincinnati he 
 worked as an apprentice in carpentering, at which he con- 
 tinued until 1839. His surplus earnings during these years 
 28 
 
 were devoted to providing comforts for his mother. In the 
 year last mentioned he was employed as a carpenter on the 
 “ Bedford,” at a salary of forty-five dollars per month. This 
 vessel was unfortunate, sinking in the Missouri river on 
 March 20th, 1840. Mr. Ehler worked as carpenter on 
 various vessels until 1849, when, in company with Mr. 
 Horsley, he started in the carpenter and steamboat-joiner 
 business, and has ever since carried it on successfully, add- 
 ing to it, after it had run some years, a lumber department. 
 In 1865 he purchased his partner’s interest, and is now sole 
 proprietor of an enterprise which has secured to him ample 
 means and an extended reputation as a boat-builder. His 
 business has been interrupted by misfortunes, which, how- 
 ever, he gallantly surmounted. During the thirty years he 
 has carried it on he has been burned out seven times; and 
 lost more, perhaps, by the rise of the river in 1847 he 
 did by the flames. During eighteen years, when he suffered 
 mainly from fire, he carried no insurance ; but now is amply 
 covered with policies on his establishment as well as upon 
 his own life. His life insurance is 1^15,000, and that of his 
 wife $10,000. He relies entirely upon his own judgment 
 in the management of his affairs, and believes that if he had 
 always pursued this course he would have enjoyed a greater 
 measure of success. He is now fifty-five years of age and 
 in the possession of a strong and vigorous constitution. 
 He is now the only steamboat-joimJr in business in Cincin- 
 nati, and looks out for a happier termination of his active 
 career than that of the builders and joiners who once sur- 
 rounded him. He is a substantial citizen, liberal in his 
 opinions and generous in his impulses, and has won the 
 respect of the entire community. He was married in 1842 
 to Mary J. Dunn, who died in 1849. afterwards mar- 
 ried Fannie A. Perdum, who died in i860. In 1865 he 
 was again married, his wife being Harriet L. Dumont, 
 daughter of John J. Dumont. 
 
 ATHEWS, REV. JOSEPH McDOWELL, D. D., 
 President of Hillsborough Female College, High- 
 land county, Ohio, was born in Augusta county, 
 Virginia, December 8th, 1804. His father, John 
 Mathews, also a native of Augusta county, \’ir- 
 ginia, followed through life mainly agricultural 
 pursuits; he moved to Kentucky in 1814 and settled in 
 Fayette county, where he resided until his demise, Decem- 
 ber i8th, 1814. His mother, Sarah (McDowell) Mathews, 
 a native of Burke county. North Carolina, was a daughter 
 of Major Joseph McDowell, who served valiantly and 
 efficiently as an officer in the Revolutionary army, was a 
 member of Congress during the Presidencies of Adams and 
 Jefferson, and was general of the old-time militia of North 
 Carolina; he died in Iturke county. North Carolina, in 
 1801. The oldest child in a family of four children, his 
 earlier years, up to the age of eighteen, were passed alter- 
 
LIOGRAPIIICAL ENCVCLOIVEDI A. 
 
 iiately in working on a farm and in acquiring at school a 
 fair elementary education. In 1822, his literary attainments 
 constituting a useful and varied store of learning, he as- 
 sumed the role of educator, and found employment in 
 teaching a subscription school at Pisgah, Woodford county, 
 Kentucky. At the expiration of one year, spent in impart- 
 ing instruction, he became a student in the academy of Dr. 
 Louis Marshall, located near Pisgah, and in the three years 
 passed in this establishment pursued an exhaustive course 
 of classical and mathematical studies. The following 
 season was consumed in visiting friends in Virginia, 
 whither he travelled with a view to strengthen a rather im- 
 paired condition of health. In 1827 he settled in Hillsbor- 
 ough, Highland county, Ohio, and took charge of the Hills- 
 borough Academy, an institution founded by Governor 
 Allen Trimble, General McDowell and other prominent 
 citizens. Through the acceptance of the invitation then 
 extended to him, accordingly, he became the first Superin- 
 tendent of the academy. Until 1831 he was assiduously 
 engaged in the discharge of the onerous duties of that 
 position. He then joined the Ohio Conference of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. During several preceding 
 years he had preached more or less regularly, and had se- 
 cured favorable attention as a local preacher in Kentucky. 
 After remaining for two years in Chillicothe, Ohio, where 
 he had been stationed, and performed ministerial duties as 
 an itinerant clergyman, he was removed to Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, where he remained for one year. In 1834, his health 
 being in a very precarious condition, he settled on a farm 
 near Hillsborough, and there rested, for the purpose of 
 regaining his lost energies, until 1839. In this year he 
 started, as a private enterprise, the Oakland Female Semi- 
 nary, at Hillsborough, and succeeded in ol)taining a charter 
 for the institution. With the labors incident to the super- 
 intendency of this school he was intimately identified until 
 1857. He afterward took charge of Hillsborough T'emale 
 College, an institution established by the influence of many 
 influential and public-spirited citizens of the town. In the 
 discharge of the numerous and highly important duties at- 
 tached to his position there he was steadily occupied until 
 i860, when he relinquished the superinlendency, and, re- 
 turning to Kentucky, took charge of the Jessamine Female 
 College, at Nicollettsville, Kentucky. Of that institution 
 he had charge until 1863, when, the events of the civil war 
 affecting its status, he returned to Hillsborough, Ohio. In 
 the course of the same year he took charge of a private 
 boarding-school, and there administered instruction for a 
 period of nine years. In the meantime, after a second in- 
 vitation, he accepted the Presidency of Hillsborough Female 
 College, and of this celebrated institution of learning has 
 since ably acted as chief and head. The honorary degree 
 of A. M. was conferred on him by the Augusta College, of 
 Kentucky; his degree of D. D. was conferred on him sub- 
 sequently by the Ohio University, at Athens, Ohio. Re- 
 ligiously, his sentiments find a congenial atmosphere within 
 
 the boundaries of the Methodist Episcopal Church, which 
 he joined while in his eighteenth year. His life has been 
 one of great usefulness as a Christian counsellor and as an 
 educator, while his career in public and in private circles 
 has been a centre from which has radi.ated at all times and 
 in all sea.sons an amount of good whose beneficial influence, 
 directly and indirectly, is of incalculable value. Swayed 
 by quick and generous sensibilities, he has won the esteem, 
 love and confidence of all who have been brought into con- 
 tact with him; in social life he is pleasant and courteous; 
 his conduct, viewed from a political standpoint, has ever 
 been based upon a jiure and disinterested love of his 
 country and an inflexible determination to resist the at- 
 tenqrls of all to undermine the unity of the republic. He 
 was married in 1828 to Elizabeth A. Barry, daughter of 
 Andrew Barry, a native of Virginia, who died in 1S52; and 
 again, in 1854, to Mrs. Martha P. .Sanders, a native of 
 Clermont county, Ohio, and a sister of Judge Philip Strong, 
 of Batavia, Ohio, who died in 1858; and again, in 1869, to 
 Mrs. Mary B. Harmar, a native of Dublin, Ireland, a 
 daughter of a British army officer; she was born in Ireland 
 while her family was temporarily stopping there. By his 
 first marriage he had one child ; two children were the 
 fruits of his second marriage ; by his third marriage he has 
 had no child. He was the author of two small works for 
 the benefit of the young: “ Letters to School Girls,” pub- 
 lished by the Methodist Book Concern in Cincinnati, in 
 1853; “Sermons to .School Girls,” published by the Meth- 
 odist Book Concern in New York, in 1867. 
 
 t OMERENE, JULIUS C., Attorney-at-Law, was 
 born in Salt Creek township. Holmes county, Ohio, 
 June 27lh, 1835. His parents were natives of 
 Pennsylvania, and his father was a farmer in com- 
 ^ ^ fortable circumstances. His is the only family of 
 
 the name that has emigrated from France to Am- 
 erica, his paternal grandfather having come to this country 
 with General Lafayette, and at the close of the war settled 
 in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. He attended a district 
 school in his native place until he was seventeen years of 
 age, in the meantime working on a farm during the summer 
 months. He then pursued a course of higher studies for 
 two terms in Mount Union College, employing himself in 
 the intermediate terms by teaching school. After passing .a 
 subsequent term in the academy at Hayesville he taught for 
 two years in a select school in Middletown, Holmes county. 
 In the summer of 1857 he commenced the study of law in 
 the office of Hoagland & Reed, in Millersburg, under 
 whose preceptorship he remained for one year. He then 
 attended the Ohio State and Union Law College, at Cleve- 
 land, where, at the expiration of one year, he graduated in 
 June, 1859. In the following November he entered on the 
 active practice of his profession in Coshocton, with Colonel 
 

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 219 
 
 Josiah Given, \vilh whom he was connected until May, 
 1S61. He then practised alone until September, 1862, at 
 which date he associated himself with B. S. Lee, and with 
 him continued his professional labors until May, 1868, 
 when the present Law firm, consisting of him and E. T. 
 Spangler, was formed. He has a leading practice in the 
 courts of Coshocton county, and practises his profession in 
 the Supreme Court at Columbus and in the United States 
 Court for the Northern District of Ohio. He was married, 
 April 8th, 1S62, to Irene Perky, daughter of Dr. John F. 
 Perky, of Findlay, Hancock county. 
 
 >OGE, GENERAL GEORGE WASHINGTON, 
 was born near Belmont, Belmont county, Ohio, 
 February 22d, 1832. His parents, Asa Hoge 
 and Asenath Ann (Mead) Hoge, were natives 
 of Loudon county, Virginia. His grandfathers 
 were Isaac Hoge and Samuel Mead. His father, 
 yet living, has resided in the State from territorial times. 
 His earlier years were passed on the prternal farm where 
 his father had settled when the surrounding country was a 
 sparsely settled wilderness. He attended the common 
 schools located in the neighborhood of his home, and was 
 also educated partly in a private school at Barnesville, Bel- 
 mont county. In 1852, 1853 >§54 he taught in public 
 
 schools in the counties of Guernsey and Belmont. He then 
 commenced the study of law in the office of Hon. Benjamin 
 S. Cowen, St. Clairsville, and was admitted to the bar, 
 December 3d, 1855. He was then professionally occupied 
 in Belmont county until January, 1862, when he w.is ap- 
 pointed Chief Clerk of the Secretary of the State of Ohio, 
 where he remained until his enlistment in the Union army, 
 July 8th, 1862. He entered the service in the 126th 
 Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry. On organizing 
 Company B, in August, 1862, he was elected First Lieuten- 
 ant, and mustered as such. June 25th, 1863, he was pro- 
 moted to a Captaincy, and served in Virginia and Mainland 
 until transferred, in November, 1864, to the command of 
 the 183d Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry. From 
 July, 1S63, until March, 1864, he was with the 3d Army 
 Corps, and subsequently was attached to the 3d Division 
 of the 6th Army Corps. He commanded his regiment in 
 several engagements and was three times wounded, while 
 upon two other occasions his clothes were pierced with 
 bullets. On the evening of the 5th and the morning and 
 evening of the 6th of May he was engaged in the battles 
 of the Wilderness; served at .Spottsylvania, May 9th to the 
 1 2th ; was at Cold Harbor, June ist and 3d, and on the 22d 
 at Peter>burg; participated in the movement at Monocacy, 
 July 9th; was present, September 19th, at Opequam, or 
 Winchester; and, September 21st and 22(1, took part in the 
 action at I'isher’s Hill. On October 19th he served at 
 Cedar Run, and was a participant also at the battles of 
 
 Franklin and Nashville, or Brentwood Hills, Tennessee, in 
 November and December. March 13th, 1865, for gallant 
 and meritorious conduct, he was promoted from the Col- 
 onelcy of the 183d Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry to 
 the rank of Brigadier-General by brevet. He was mustered 
 out of the service in July, 1865, and subsequently resumed 
 the practice of the law in connection with his father-in-law, 
 with whom he was associated until December 22d, 1S67. 
 When in partnership with General B. R. Cowen, now 
 Assistant Secretary of the Interior, he established in 
 Bellaire the private bank with which he is still connected. 
 The present style of the house is Hoge, Sheets & Co., and 
 was formerly Hoge & Cowen, the former name, owing 
 to the addition of new partners, having been adopted July 
 1st, 1869. He is also President of the Belmont Glass 
 Works and of the Bellaire Street Railroad Company, an 
 enterprise projected and put into operation in a great 
 measure through his efforts. He is Register in Bankruptcy 
 for the Sixteenth Congressional District, having been ap- 
 pointed to this position by Salmon P. Chase, Chief-Justice. 
 Pie has also been several, times a member of the City 
 Council and of the Board of Education, and has held 
 various other public offices. He is interested in the build- 
 ing and real estate development of his town, and was an 
 efficient coworker in the establishment of the Bellaire 
 Manufacturing Company. He is interested also in the 
 National Glass Manufacturing Company, and was instru- 
 mental in securing the establishment of the Bellaire Water- 
 works. He was married, December loih, 1857, to Mary 
 T. Cowen, daughter of Hon. Benjamin R. Cowen. 
 
 I ALLENBERG, I.OUIS, Manager of the Cincinnati 
 Grand Orchestra, was born, July 22(1, 1840, at 
 Frankfort-on-tbe-Main. His father was concerned 
 in the German Revolution of 1848, and when the 
 persecutions were instituted he was compelled to 
 seek an asylum in the United States. Louis 
 commenced his musical education in Europe, under the 
 direction of his father, who was a musician, and his first 
 efforts were on the piano and flute. Upon his arrival in 
 Cincinnati, in 1852, he spent tliree years in mercantile 
 service. Mr. J. M. Strobel, the most ])rominent orchestral 
 leader in the city at that time, discovered Mr. Ballenberg’s 
 ability as a musician and induced him to take a place in 
 his band. He first came into requisition as a substitute in 
 the place of the chief flutist, being a player of unusual taste 
 and skill on the flute. In 1863 Henry Hahn assumed the 
 leadership of the orchestra at Pike’s ffpera House, and 
 under him Mr. Ballenberg commenced his first regular 
 engagement. He remained with this company until the 
 burning of the opera house, in 1866. During this period, 
 however, he made a number of tours through the country 
 in connection with Grail’s Italian Cfpera Troupe. He was 
 
220 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 for some time engaged witli the orchestra at the OiJ Drury, 
 or National Theatre, when it was under the management 
 of Mr. Colville. He then arranged with R. E. J. Miles to 
 manage and supply his orchestras, a position which he has 
 since held and which secured for him the management of 
 the orchestra at the Grand Opera House. He has, how- 
 ever, during this arrangement fdled many engagements as 
 llute soloist in other cities. During a tour with the English 
 Opera Troupe his father died, leaving the support of his 
 family to him. After visits of the Thomas’ Orchestra to 
 Cincinnati he conceived the idea of organizing a first-class 
 orchestra of home talent, and took immediate steps to carry 
 out this idea. He engaged a number of superior musicians, 
 and secured Mr. George Brand, the talented violinist, as 
 director of the new organization. Mr. Ballenberg had now 
 mastered the difficult art of controlling a large body of in- 
 strumentalists, and in 1872 the Cincinnati Orchestra, with 
 thirty-six performers, gave its first series of concerts. The 
 favor and support of the patrons of music in that city were 
 at once enlisted by the splendid success of this first venture. 
 Mr. Ballenberg now took every step which in his judgment 
 would increase the artistic ability of the organization. To- 
 day it takes rank as the leading orchestra of the West, and 
 is doing great service in developing and improving musical 
 taste and culture in Cincinnati. Mr. Ballenberg is yearly 
 adding to the numerical strength of the orchestra, the con- 
 ductorship of which is now held by Michael Brand, a 
 gentleman of fine discrimination and unquestioned musical 
 genius. After eneountering many dismaying obstacles Mr. 
 Ballenberg has made this orchestra an established institu- 
 tion, and has the satisfaction of noting that it gains in 
 public esteem and confidence daily. The leading positions 
 in the company are filled by gentlemen who have a high 
 reputation as soloists. Mr. Ballenberg has a large stock of 
 classic music and musical literature, and has devoted him- 
 self with creditable enthusiasm to the elevation of orchestral 
 music. His efforts have secured for him the respect and 
 admiration of the lovers of the art in Cincinnati. 
 
 ’^UNNINGHAM, JOHN S., Physician and Sur- 
 geon, was born in Beaver county, Pennsylvania, 
 
 February 4th, 1833. He is of Scotch extraction, 
 and received his elementary education in the 
 common schools located in the vicinity of his 
 home, and also in the Poland Academy, Ohio, 
 and the Allegheny College, in Meadville, Pennsylvania. 
 He commenced the study of medicine at Cleveland, Ohio, 
 and graduated at the Jefferson College, Philadelphia, Penn- 
 sylvania. Since 1862 he has been engaged in iirofessional 
 and successful labors in Youngstown, Ohio, where, and 
 also throughout the surrounding country, he is esteemed as 
 an able and reliable practitioner. At the present time 
 
 he is a valued member of the Board of Health of Youngs- 
 town, and is one of the more prominent and influential 
 citizens of that flourishing town. He was married in 1S61 
 to Sarah R. Campbell, of Plain Grove, Lawrence county, 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 UGGLES, I-ION. BENJAMIN, United .Stales Sen- 
 ator and second President Judge of the Third 
 Circuit of Ohio, was born at Woodstock, Wind- 
 ham county, Connecticut, February 21st, 1783. 
 This town was originally named Roxburry. His 
 father was a farmer in moderate circumstances, 
 who intended that his sons should be educated for the 
 ministry. This intention was thwarted by the loss of his 
 property. He became surety for a neighbor, and by the 
 default of the latter his means were all swept aw.iy. He 
 died when Benjamin was eight years old, leaving his family 
 in straitened circumstances. Benjamin studied at the 
 Brooklyn Academy, and after his graduation from this in- 
 stitution he read law wdlh Judge Peters, of Hartford, Con- 
 necticut, and was admitted to the bar of that city. In 1807 
 he moved to Ohio, settling in Marietta, Washington county, 
 where he pursued with great success the practice of his 
 profession. His profound learning, his skill and care as a 
 counsellor, his power for rapid analyzation and conclusive 
 argument, at once commanded not only professional hut 
 public attention, and he carved his wmy quickly to the front 
 rank of the jurists of the day. In 1810 he was elected by 
 the Republicans in the Legislature to succeed Calvin Peas 
 as President Judge of the Third Circuit, and was the second 
 incumbent of that judicial office. Shortly after he moved 
 from Marietta to St. Clairsville, and in the year 1S12 he 
 went to Connecticut, where he was married, and brought 
 his wife to Ohio. She died in 1817, and in 1825 he was 
 again married. He lacked the gifts of an orator, and failed 
 to make that impression of substantial ability as successfully 
 in open court as in chambers. He was not distinguished as 
 an advocate, but as a consulting attorney he had, perhaps, 
 few superiors in the country. In 1815 he was elected by 
 the legislature to the United Slates Senate, and resigned 
 the office of Judge, after having ably filled it for five years, 
 to enter upon his new duties. Being very popular with his 
 large constituency in Ohio, he was twice re-elected to the 
 United States Senate, and during his career in that body 
 he rendered valuable, if not brilliant, services both to his 
 State and the nation. He was president of the caucus held 
 in Washington that nominated William H. Crawford, of 
 Georgia, for the Presidency, at the time when Clay, Adams 
 and Jackson were in the field. At that period Martin Van 
 Buren and Judge Ruggles were political friends, and quite 
 an extensive correspondence was carried on between them 
 during the campaign. The Judge was for a long time 
 Chairman of llie Cuinmiltee of Claims in the United States 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 221 
 
 Senate, and was favorably spoken of in 1S40 for the Vice- 
 Presidency, being strongly sup|iorted by several journals 
 throughout the country. When fifty years of age he retired 
 from political life and gave his attention to his farm, and 
 more especially to the cultivation of fruit. He was instru- 
 mental in introducing to the growers of that section some 
 of the choicest varieties. P'or a time, after the expiration 
 of his last term as Senator, he was President of the Bank 
 of St. Clair.sville. He died, aher a brief illness, at his 
 residence in that place, on September 2d, 1S57. Judge 
 Ruggles enjoyed in an eminent degree the confidence of 
 the Senate, and was greatly respected in his professional 
 and private career. He was a firm believer in the great 
 truths of Christianity, and exerted wherever he went, or 
 wherever he was known, an excellent moral influence. 
 He was liberal in his views and generous in his impulses, 
 and contributed to the advancement of all worihy move- 
 ments in the interest of the well-being of his fellow- 
 citizens. When he died the Slate lost an able man 
 and society a beloved member. 
 
 ^AVLOR, DAVID D., Editor and Politician, was 
 born near Fairview, Guernsey county, Ohio, July 
 24th, 1842, being one of nine sons whose parents 
 were natives of Virginia, but were raised in Ohio. 
 His father was a farmer in moderate circum- 
 stances, who during the latter portion of his life 
 engaged quite successfully in the practice of law. David 
 received his education in the common and select schools, 
 and for a time at a school taught by General George W. 
 Hoge. When eighteen years old he became an apprentice 
 in a newspaper office, where he remained a few months, 
 and, the rebellion having just begun, then joined the 85111 
 Ohio Volunteer Infantry as a private, serving with that 
 command four months, the term of his enlistment. He re- 
 turned to Cambridge and re-entered the newspaper office, 
 teaching in the winters in some of the county and village 
 schools. In 1866 he became associate editor of the 
 Guernsey Times, a journal started by Mr. John Aiken in 
 1824. In 1868 he obtained a partnership interest in this 
 paper, and held it until January 1st, 1872, during which 
 time that journal steadily advanced in influence and greatly 
 increa.sed its circulation. He was ajipointed County School 
 Examiner, filling the duties of this office for a term of three 
 years. In January, 1874, he re-purchased his former in- 
 terest in the Guernsey Times. Mr. Taylor is an easy, 
 graceful and forcible writer, thoroughly versed in political 
 affairs, in the discussion of which he has been, whenever 
 great issues were at stake, very prominent. He is an enler- 
 l>rising newspaper man, thoroughly alive to the needs of an 
 influential journal, and has in this professional labor earned 
 a high as well as extended reputation. In .May, 1875, he 
 was appointed Postmaster of Cambiidgc, and discharged 
 
 the duties of that office with intelligence and zeal. He 
 was married, December 28th, 1871, to Martha Craig, of 
 that city, who is a graduate of Ohio Wesleyan Female Col- 
 lege, of Delaware, taught the Cambridge High School, and 
 at times writes with ability for her husband’s newspaper. 
 
 ^i^^AVLOR, J. BYRON, Lawyer and Editor, was 
 born, April 26th, 1835, ^ '''sar Fairview, 
 
 Guernsey county, Ohio, upon which he was 
 reared. He received a common school educa- 
 tion, and studied with so much assiduity and 
 intelligence that he was very soon able to teach, 
 and when twenty commenced life as a tutor, conducting 
 village schools, and subsequently the Union school, of Wil- 
 liamsburg, Ohio, of which he was superintendent for several 
 years. While teaching he steadily labored for a collegiate 
 training, and attended during portions of each year Madison 
 College, and afterwards Allegheny College, Meadville, 
 Pennsylvania. Upon leaving this institution he read law 
 with J. D. Taylor, of Cambridge, Ohio, and graduated at 
 the Cincinnati Law School in 1866, and practised his pro- 
 fession for some years in that city. In the spring of 1S75 
 he returned to Cambridge, where he became one of the 
 editors and jjroprietors of the Guernsey Times, contributing 
 his skill and influence as a writer, and fine business tpiali- 
 ties as a manager, to secure the great prosperity that journal 
 now enjoys. He was married on the 8th of May, 1S73, to 
 E. C. Ceilings, of Camden, New Jersey. 
 
 I 
 
 
 cELROY, ZENAS COLLINS, Physician, is a 
 native of Ohio, having been horn in Belmont 
 county on the 2d of September, 1815. On his 
 father’s side he is of Irish extraction, his father 
 having come to this countiy from Ireland in the 
 year 1790, and settled in 1803 in Ohio, where he 
 at first engaged in farming, and subsequently entered the 
 ministry and labored for over thirty years in the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church. The mother of Dr. McElrcry was a native 
 of Maiyland. The time of his youth was not a favorable 
 one for acquiring an education in the region where that 
 youth was passed. He was compelled to content himself 
 with such opportunities as were afforded by the district 
 schools of the region, and those opportunities were by no 
 means brilliant. Such as they were he made the most of 
 them until he had reached the age of sixteen, and then he 
 was jdaced in a store in the capacity of clerk. The duties 
 of this position he continued to perform until he was 
 twenty-seven years of age, all the time pursuing a rigid 
 system of self-culture, and then commenced the study of 
 medicine with Drs. Boerstler and Edwards, of Lancaster, 
 Ohio. Afterwards he entered the medical department of 
 
222 
 
 BIOGRArillCAL E.NXYCLOr.EDIA. 
 
 the University of Pennsylvania, and graduated there in the 
 year 1845. He settled in Newark, Ohio, and there began 
 tlie practice of his profession. He remained in Newark 
 for a period of five years, and then, in 1850, removed to 
 Zanesville, where he has ever since resided, and where his 
 practice rapidly grew until it became very large. His repu- 
 tation, not only as a practitioner, but as a contributor to the 
 medical journals of the day, has extended to Europe, where 
 his name and his contributions to medical literature are 
 known to the profession. For the last ten years he has 
 been an industrious writer for the American as well as for 
 the London medical press. The purpose of his published 
 papers has been to explain the phenomena of life, in health 
 and disease, on a purely physical basis; in other words, to 
 bring physiology, pathology and therapeutics within the 
 domain of physical or exact science. He claims to have 
 discovered the function of the lymphatic system ; and that 
 that function is the separation from the general debris oi the 
 tissues, as they are wasted in functional duty, of the special 
 material in which each organic structure stores up the force 
 for its own reproduction from new material, and its union 
 with the ingoing stream of new material at a proper time 
 and place. And that, seemingly, the only proper place 
 and time in a living human body is jirst where it actually 
 occurs, to wit: just before entering the right auricle, on 
 its path to the lungs. The lymph, as it is called, he 
 claims, is the exact analogue of a vegetable seed, animal 
 eggs, or other germ, and fulfils all the ends actually accom- 
 plished by either, or all of them, in the preservation, per- 
 petuation and multiplication of their special forms, or types, 
 in organic life, animal or vegetable; and exactly fulfils 
 every requisite condition for the assimilation of new 
 materials to the types and forms of structure of the bodies 
 of living beings during their natural lives, which we all 
 know is actually occurring in our own bodies all the time 
 during life. And it satisfactorily accounts for that personal 
 identity through life, with changing material, which is the 
 undisputed possession of each individual ; while the physical 
 death of the parents is at once a necessity and guarantee of 
 individuality, and hence of immortality and a future state. 
 Dr. McElroy finds it impossible to reconcile the entity, or 
 almost personality identity of so-called disease, as now re- 
 garded and insisted upon in and out of the profession, with 
 now known facts of the unity of materials and forces run- 
 ning througlf all organic life. So-called disease, or diseased 
 action in living bodies, cannot be anything else than modi- 
 fications of processes natural in health. Acute disease, so- 
 called, being for tbe most part in the interest of continued 
 life, by removing, by combustion, or peroxidation, structure 
 which has lost its physiological dynamic capacities; and 
 chronic diseases, so-called, depending for the most part on 
 modifications of the structural arrangement of the m.aterials 
 actually composing living tissues, as demonstrated by 
 changed or lost functions, has also a conservative tendency, 
 and are not, as generally regarded, enemies to life. He 
 
 was the first President of the Muskingum County Medical 
 Society, before which body he has read many of his papers 
 previous to their imblication. He is now a Fellow and the 
 C Jiresponding Secretary of the Academy of Medicine, and 
 is also Physician to the Home of the Friendless, etc., etc. 
 He was married in the year 1846 to Elizabeth Alice Block- 
 som, daughter of Hon. William Blocksom, of Zanesville. 
 
 AXES, CAPTAIN FRANK J., Merchant, Iron 
 Master, Steamboat Proprietor, and Hotel Keeper, 
 was born, September 12th, 1821, in Gallipolis, 
 Ohio, his parents being of French descent, and 
 among the first settlers of that town. He re- 
 ceived a fair education in the schools of his native 
 place, and when thirteen years old went to Portsmouth, 
 where he started in life by becoming a clerk in the store of 
 Charles A. M. Damarin, one of the most honorable and 
 upright citizens in the community. He served him faith- 
 fully from boyhood to manhood, some eleven years al- 
 together. In 1846 he became associated with his former 
 employer in conducting a wholesale grocery business, and 
 continued in the same very successfully for about ten years, 
 and retired v/ith a competency. He was subsequently in- 
 duced to embark in a rolling mill and other iron interests, 
 and while so engaged built two of the first stone-coal fur- 
 naces in southern Ohio, and manufactured the first stone- 
 coal iron in that section. Being the pioneer in this line of 
 business he I^ad much to learn ; and he found his enterprise 
 did not, by any means, prove remunerative. He, therefore, 
 abandoned the undertaking, leaving it to others to prosecute 
 and reap where he had sown. In 1859 he became actively 
 interested in steamboating, first as clerk on the “ Grey 
 Eagle,” Captain G. Donnally, the pioneer boat in the trade 
 between Pomeroy and Cincinnati ; and subsequently filled 
 a similar position on other crafts. In 1862 he built the 
 “ Imperial,” commanding and running her for between two 
 and three years. He finally sold her, and built the “ Peer- 
 less,” which he ran for a few years until she was lost near 
 Cairo. She made trips on the Gulf, and was the first to 
 enter Montgomery, continuing on the Alabama river for a 
 part of the season. He afterwards commanded different 
 boats in various places until 1867, when he built and com- 
 manded the “Alaska” in the Cincinnati and New Orleans 
 trade, continuing therein until 1871, when he concluded to 
 leave the river. He then became interested in the Craw- 
 ford House, where he remained until the autumn of 1873, 
 when he resumed command of the “Alaska” in the same 
 rade, until her loss by sinking near Tiptonville on the 
 Mi.ssissippi river. This ended his steamboat career, and, 
 n May, 1874, he again became proprietor of the Crawford 
 House, where he is now engaged in operating it as a first- 
 class hotel. To Captain Oakes is undoubtedly due the 
 credit of having been the originator of the Jackson county 
 

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BIOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOI’/EDIA. 
 
 223 
 
 Mone-coal iron business; be being the first to demonstrate | 
 the feasibility of making iron with this variety of coal. He ^ 
 was married in Portsmouth, Ohio, to Frances II., daughter j 
 of Charles Oscar Tracy, one of the most prominent citizens 
 and lawyers of that section. 
 
 ULLEX, THOMAS, Contracting Builder, of Cin- 
 cinnati, Ohio, was born in county Monaghan, 
 Ireland, July 22d, 1839. His family, who were 
 of Scotch descent, were of the agricultural class 
 in the north of Ireland. He attended the schools 
 of his native country until 1854, when he went 
 alone to Toronto, Canada, where he continued his studies 
 for a time. In 1855 he apprenticed himself to the car- 
 penter’s trade at M'ardsville, Canada West, and served 
 faithfully through his full term. After its expiration, in 
 1858, he removed to Cincinnati, where he became a jour- 
 neyman at his trade, and so continued until the outbreak 
 of the war of the rebellion, in 1861. Promptly on the call 
 for volunteers, in April, he enlisted for three months, and 
 having served through that term enlisted in the 54th 
 Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in September, for three 
 years, or during the war; and, having re-enlisted, served 
 until the muster out of his regiment, September 15th, 1865. 
 He participated in every engagement in which his regiment 
 took part, and was with General W, T. Sherman in all his 
 memorable campaigns. After the war he returned to Cin- 
 cinnati and engaged in business on his own account, and 
 soon became one of the most reliable, active and skilful 
 builders of that city. His career has been one of uninter- 
 rupted prosperity, and he has contributed much to the im- 
 provement of the city by the erection of substantial and 
 elegant public buildings, stores and private residences. 
 The commodious building erected for the City Infirmary, 
 various model public school buildings, and dwellings of the 
 leading and opulent citizens attest his skill and taste. He 
 has never aspired to nor accepted a political office. Though 
 he has not yet reached the meridian of life, his enterprise 
 and energy have secured for him that recognition which 
 places himjn the foremost ranks of the self-made men of 
 the Queen City. 
 
 I LSIIOP, WILLIAM T., Merchant, ex-President of 
 the Board of Aldermen and President of the 
 Board of Trade, of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born in 
 Elizaville, Fleming county, Kentucky, April 
 29th, 1835. He is the oldest son of Hon. R. M. 
 Bishop, whose sketch appears in this volume. 
 His father moved to Cincinnati, March 1st, 1848. He was 
 educated in the common schools of this city and also in the 
 Woodward College. While in his seventeenth year he 
 
 entered the wholesale grocery house of Bishop, M ells & 
 Co., in which his father was the senior partner. For many 
 subsequent years he was constantly occupied by exacting 
 business duties, acting as head salesman for the firm. 
 When the new house, R. M. Bishop & Co., came into ex- 
 istence, in 1855, he was admitted as a partner, and since 
 that date has devoted his time and energies, with tireless 
 assiduity, to the interests of his firm, his keen perception 
 and excellent administrative abilities qualifying him ad- 
 mirably for the responsible position in which he is placed. 
 The trade of this house, under able and systematic man- 
 agement, has within the past few years increased to such an 
 extent that its present business relations and connections 
 are unsurpassed for value in the western country, the 
 amount of sales having aggregated about tliree millions of 
 dollars. In April, 1871, he was elected, as a Democrat, to 
 the Board of Aldermen from the Eighteenth Ward, by a 
 large majority, although that ward constituted the strongest 
 Republican section of the city. So notable and efficient 
 were his services in this body that in 1873 he was again 
 urged to accept a renomination. After reluctantly consent- 
 ing to meet the desires of his fellow-townsmen, he was re- 
 elected by a handsome majority. He was then elected 
 President of the Board, and bore himself so excellently 
 while acting in this capacity that in 1874 he was unani- 
 mously re-elected to the chair. At the expiration of his 
 term, in 1875, he absolutely declined a re-election. In., 
 March of the same year he was elected President of the 
 Board of Trade, of which he had been a member for some 
 time, and which is composed of the leading merchants and 
 manufacturers of Cincinnati. He was also appointed by 
 lion. G. W. C. Johnston, in 1875, one of the Park Com- 
 missioners. Though not a brilliant reasoncr, he possesses 
 that intuitive perception of right and justice which enables 
 one to grasp in an instant all the essential points of a 
 subject, and draw a conclusion which is seldom erroneous. 
 Prompt, far-seeing and active as a business man, nothing 
 escapes his observation, while his merits as an adminis- 
 trator are certainly second to those of but few men. 
 
 AVIS, SAMUEL, retired Merchant and senior 
 member of the Chamber of Commerce of Cincin- 
 nati, was born, P'ebruary 1st, 1802, in Brighton, 
 Massachusetts, and is a son of the late Samuel 
 Davis, a resident of Quincy, Illinois. The latter 
 was during life a high-toned, energetic man of 
 business, who took a warm and leading interest in all 
 public measures which tended to develop the resources of 
 the country; he had removed to the West as early as 1835, 
 whither he was shortly followed by nearly all his children. 
 His son, Samuel, embarked in the provision business in 
 Boston when only twenty years of age, which he pursued 
 
224 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 successfully in that city for fifteen years, meanwhile, in 1835, 
 opening a branch house in Cincinnati. After conducting 
 both establishments for about two years, he discontinued his 
 business in Boston, and with his family removed to Cincin- 
 nati, and thereafter became a permanent resident. In ad- 
 dition to his extensive mercantile pursuits, he devoted a 
 large portion of his time to agriculture, in which he was 
 also interested for over twenty years, but which he has since 
 relinquished, and now devotes himself exclusively to his 
 office. From his earliest years he has been an ardent lover 
 of music, and at the .age of thirteen was a constant attendant 
 at the rehearsals of the “ Handel and Haydn Society ” in 
 King’s Chapel, Boston, prior to the first oratorio ever per- 
 formed by that organization, on Christmas night, 1815. He 
 was elected a member of that society in 1825, and became 
 subsequently connected with other musical societies both in 
 Boston and Cincinnati. Throughout his entire life, espe- 
 cially during those seasons when the cares of business mo- 
 nopolized his time and attention during the long hours de- 
 voted to it, he has ever resorted to the concord of sweet 
 sounds, both vocal and instrumental, as a means of relaxa- 
 tion and relief; and even now, at his advanced period of 
 life, he still continues his musical studies, and takes delight 
 both as a performer or an auditor. He was married in 1824 
 to Martha Glover, a granddaughter of Dr. Phineas Holden, 
 of Dorchester, Massachusetts, a stern revolutionaiy patriot. 
 
 , Some time after her decease, he was married in 1856 to 
 Mary A. Davis, a native of Boston. 
 
 e 
 
 .\RT, THOMAS W., Lawyer, was born on the 
 27th of February, 1816, at Grandview, Washing- 
 ton county, Ohio. His mother, Mary Cochran, 
 was a native of Virginia, and his father, a Penn- 
 sylvanian by birth, though of Irish parentage, re- 
 moved to Ohio in the early part of the present 
 century, settled on some land beside the Ohio river, and 
 was married in the year following his arrival. Thomas 
 Evart received such early education as he obtained in the 
 common schools of Washington county. When he was six- 
 teen years of age he left school and entered as an assistant 
 in the office of the County Clerk, at Marietta, where he 
 remained until he was twenty-one years of age. He was 
 appointed Clerk of the courts of Washington county in De- 
 cember, 1836. He continued to hold this office until 1851. 
 While he was still County Clerk he was elected a member 
 of the Constitutional Convention, which was held in 1850. 
 On the expiration of his term of office as County Clerk, he 
 was elected Probate Judge of Washington county. In the 
 meantime, while in the prosecution of his official duties, he 
 had been diligently pursuing a rigid course of legal study, 
 reading law under Judge Nye, and, while attending the Con- 
 stitutional Convention at Cincinnati in 1851, was .admitted to 
 practise in the courts of Ohio. He held the office of Pro- 
 
 bate Judge for Washington county for a period of one year, 
 and then resigned the position in order to take up the prac- 
 tice of his profession. He has continued to reside in Mari- 
 etta ever since, in the uninterrupted practice of his profes- 
 sion. In politics he was originally a Whig, and he was for 
 many years the Chairman of the Whig Centr.al Committee. 
 On the organization of the Republican party he became a 
 member of that organization, and still remains a Republican. 
 He has been counsel for the Marietta, Pittsburgh & Cleve- 
 land Railroad Company since its formation. He is a stock- 
 holder in the Marietta Chair Company, and also in the 
 Marietta Union Bank. He was one of the organizers of the 
 Noble County National Bank. He has been twice married. 
 In 1838 he married Grace Dana, of Newport, who died in 
 1854; in 1855 he married his present wife, Jerusha Gear, 
 daughter of Rev. Mr. Gear, of Marietta. 
 
 # HINN, JOSEPH W., Attorney-at-Law, was born 
 in Jacksonville, Adams county, Ohio, January 
 27th, 1S45. He was the sixth child in a family 
 of eight children, whose parents were Francis 
 Shinn and Sarah (Moore) Shinn. His father, a 
 native of Culpepper, Virginia, followed through 
 life principally the occupation of tanner. He moved to 
 Ohio about the year 1825, and settled at Hillsborough, 
 whence he removed to Jacksonville in 1840, or thereabout; 
 he settled in West Union in January, 1846, and there resided 
 until his decease in June, 1851. He was for four years an 
 Auditor of Adams county, and was .widely known and 
 esteemed as an upright and useful citizen. His mother, a 
 native of Adams county, Ohio, died in May, 1869. He was 
 engaged more or less regularly in farming occupations until 
 his majority was attained, while his early education, which 
 was comparatively thorough, was obtained by his own exer- 
 tions and perseverance. In 1866 he attended Miami' Uni- 
 versity, and during the ensuing eighteen months pursued a 
 regular course of classical study. In January, 1868, he left 
 this institution and entered the Ohio University, at Athens, 
 where he remained as a student for about four months. 
 Subsequently, on account of illness, he was compelled to 
 return to his home. In the summer of 1868 he was nomi- 
 nated by a Democratic Convention as Clerk of the Court 
 of Common Pleas, and in the succeeding fall was elected 
 to fill that office. At this time he was the youngest of five 
 candidates put forward for the desired place. He was re- 
 elected in 1871, and, after retaining the cleikship six years, 
 vacated the office in February, 1875. During the years in- 
 tervening between election and vacation he applied himself 
 to the study of law, and in September, 1874, was admitted 
 to the bar. In February, 1875, contract for 
 
 building the new Adams County Court House, a magnificent 
 structure, the cost of the erection of which was defrayed 
 mainly by the individual subscriptions of the people of the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 225 
 
 county. This he did, no other person offering to take the 
 contract, because the county was limited by law to an ex- 
 penditure of $10,000. The greater portion of his time and 
 energies down to the present time has therefore been de- 
 voted to the supervising of the construction of this monu- 
 ment to the county's enterprise, while he has been constantly 
 engaged also in the general practice of his profession. In 
 1874 he was a candidate before the State Democratic Con- 
 vention for Clerk of the Supreme Court, but was defeated 
 through the opposition of Hamilton and Cuyahoga counties. 
 Politically, he sustains the creed of the Democratic party, 
 and has brought to its support talents ot no mean order. 
 His religious views and sentiments are in harmony with the 
 teachings of the Presbyterian Church. He was married, 
 March 8th, 1870, to Sallie E. Wright, a native of Brown 
 county, Ohio, whose demise occurred November iSlh, 1871. 
 He was again marrierl, September 15th, 1874, to Laura 
 Swearingen, a native of Adams county, in the same State. 
 
 ’ there until 1851, the date of his graduation. Subsequently 
 ! he commenced the study of law with his father, at Coshoc- 
 ' ton, and in this city was admitted to the bar in 1853. En- 
 : tering upon the active practice of his jjrofession he remained 
 in connection with his father until 1856, the date of the 
 ^ latter’s decease. 1 le was afterward engaged in professional 
 labors in conjunction with his brother for about two years, 
 j and then practised alone until May, 1868. At that date he 
 associated himself in partnership with Julius Pomerene, and 
 the firm thus constituted still exists. He has an extensive 
 practice in Coshocton county, and also practises his pro- 
 fession in the environing region, and before the Supreme 
 Court at Columbus. In the year i860, on motion of Hon. lid- 
 ! win M. Stanton, he was admitted an attorney and counsellor 
 of the Supreme Court of the United States at Washington, 
 j District of Columbia. He was married. May 25th, 1868, to 
 Helen King, daughter of a distinguished lawyer of Newark, 
 Licking county, Ohio. 
 
 G°- 
 
 
 ffl 
 
 
 LARK, REV. RUFUS W., Jr., Rector of Trinity 
 Church, Columbus, was born in Portsmouth, New 
 Hampshire, on May 29th, 1S44, being the son of 
 R. W. Clark, D. D., and Eliza Walton Clark. 
 He was educated at Williams 'College, Massachu- 
 setts, and graduated from that institution in the 
 class of 1865, having pursued a full and thorough course of 
 collegiate training. Upon leaving college he entered the 
 General Theological Seminary of New York, from which 
 he graduated in 1868, and during that year officiated as as- 
 sistant minister in Calvary Church, in the same city. From 
 186S to 1871 he was Rector of St. John’s Church, Ports- 
 mouth, New Hampshire, moving in the latter year to Co- 
 lumbus, Ohio, where he immediately entered upon the rector- 
 ship of Trinity Church, which he still fills. Dr. Clark is an 
 eloquent divine, and has labored with great success in his 
 various positions. He combines two very essential qualities 
 in a successful mini.stry, that of being an excellent parish 
 worker and organizer, as well as an attractive and impres- 
 sive pulpit orator. He is a man of the most sincere and 
 earnest piety, and is regarded with the warmest affection by 
 his parishioners. 
 
 ^ PANGLER, ETHERINGTON T., Attorney-at- 
 Law, was born in Zinesvillc, Muskingum county, 
 Ohio, January 26th, 1831. His parents were 
 David Spangler, cx-member of Congress and 
 lawyer, and Elizabeth Grafton (Etherington) 
 Spangler, a native of Baltimore, Maryland. 
 When a year old his parents moved to Coshocton, Ohio, 
 where he attended the common schools until he had at- 
 tained his sixteenth year. He then pursued a course of 
 higher studies ia Kenyon College, at Gambler, remaining 
 29 
 
 \ ANS, EZRA E., Lawyer, was born in Belmont 
 county, Ohio, March 5th, 1816, his father being 
 a native of Pennsylvania and his mother of 
 Loudon county, Virginia. He received his early 
 education in the common schools of Belmont 
 county, which he attended during those portions 
 of the year when his assistance was not required in the culti- 
 vation of his father’s farm. When nineteen years of age he 
 followed the bent of his ambition, and commenced to read 
 law with Nathan Plvans, at Camliridge, and for two years 
 assiduously, under the capable direction of this gentleman, 
 pursued his studies. When twenty-one years of age he was 
 admitted to the bar, and removed at once to Toledo, where 
 he entered upon the practice of his profession. His health 
 failing him, in 1838 he returned to Cambridge, where he 
 practised with his brother for about one year, and then settled 
 in McConnelsville, Morgan county, Ohio. From 1840 until 
 December, 1S58, he was professionally engaged in that place. 
 He practised mainly alone, having been for a few years asso- 
 ciated respectively with Isaac Parrish and with Judge Wood. 
 In 1858 he went to Zanesville, where he has ever since been 
 pursuing his professional calling. P'rom the fall of 1851 until 
 1853, when he resigned that office, he was the Judge of Pro- 
 bate of Morgan county. In 1861 he was elected Judge of 
 the Court of Common Pleas for Morgan, Noble and Mus- 
 kingum counties, and ret.ained this office until his resignation 
 of its duties in 1866. On October 31st, 1S43, I'c was mar- 
 ried to Mary Lawrence, who was born in Pennsylvania, 
 but rearerl in Ohio. During the late civil war Judge Evans 
 took an active part on the side of the Federal government, 
 and rendered material aid in raising and equipping volunteers, 
 and in organizing the fizd, 78th, 97th and I22d regiments 
 from Ohio, as well as the 159th Ohio Regiment, and was 
 cliosen r'irst Lieutenant of Company B in the last-named 
 
226 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 legimeiit ; was a sound lawyer, and an honest man at the 
 bar and on the bench, and a firm believer in the precepts 
 and principles of tlie Christian religion. 
 
 'LLIS, JOHN MILLOT, Professor of Mental Phi- 
 losophy in Oberlin College, was born, of New 
 England parentage, at Jaffrey, New Hampshire, 
 on the 27th of Marcli, 1831. He continued to 
 live there until he was nine years of age, and 
 then removed with his parents to Oberlin. 
 Among the earliest habits of his life were the habits of 
 thrifty industry, which are developed not so much as habits 
 as a part of the nature of the children of New England, 
 especially those who are not born to wealth. His father was 
 a carpenter, and his own earlier years were passed in the car- 
 penter-shop, learning and prosecuting his father’s trade. He 
 
 was industrious with his hands, but he hail a brain which 
 would not be idle; meanwhile manual labor by no means 
 filled the measure of his desire or his capacity ; knowledge he 
 must have, and after gaining everything for himself that the 
 district schools could afford, he set to work to supplement 
 that, beginning with a full course of collegiate study. This 
 plan was early formed, and early carried into execution, and 
 while still only a boy he entered Oberlin College as a student. 
 He went through the full course of study there in the most 
 creditable manner, and graduated from the institution in 
 1851. He then commenced a course of theological study, 
 which he prosecuted, with continued interruptions in the 
 way of teaching and other forms of work, until 1857, when 
 he graduated in that department also. During six months 
 of this time he was engaged as a teacher at Lapeer, Michi- 
 gan, and then he took the position of Professor of Ancient 
 Languages in Mississippi College, of Mississippi. This 
 position he continued to occupy for three years, and his 
 labors were of the most complete and most satisfactory na- 
 ture. His attainments were solid and varied ; his talents of 
 a high order, and he possessed that rare faculty, without 
 which the most exalted talents and the rarest accomplish- 
 ments are of little worth in the teacher’s possession, the 
 faculty of imparting successfully and happily to others what 
 he had himself come in possession of. In 1858 he was 
 c.illed back to Oberlin College, where he had graduated 
 seven years before as a student. He came back as an in- 
 structor, to fill the chair of Greek. Subsequently he was 
 transferred to the chair of Mental .Science, and that position 
 he continues to occupy. In 1866 he was ordained as a 
 minister, and since then, besides teaching from the profes- 
 sor’s chair, he has been largely engaged in teaching from 
 the preacher’s desk. In connection with his duties as Pro- 
 fessor in Oberlin College, he has for the past ten years been 
 preaching in Olrerlin, Cleveland, Painesville, and other 
 places. Beyond such part as belongs to the earnest, intel- 
 ligent and conscientious citizen, he has taken no part in 
 
 politics. He has always been an anti-slavery man, and since 
 the organization of the Republican party he has voted with 
 that party. He was married in the year 1862 to Minerva 
 E. Tenney. 
 
 'yj'f NDERSON, THOMAS IL, Attorney-at-Law, was 
 (5/A') born in -Sewellsville, Belmont county, Ohio, June 
 6th, 1847. His father was a native of Pennsyl- 
 vania and his mother of Ohio. He attended the 
 Belmont and Guernsey county schools until 1865, 
 when he entered Mount Union College, in the 
 same State. His application, and the possession of apt 
 talent for study, secured to him while a student in this col- 
 lege a thorough English education, and gave him an ex- 
 cellent foundation upon which to build his reputation in 
 coming years as an attorney. After leaving college he 
 taught school for two years in the counties in which he had 
 before studied, concluding his labors as teacher in the High 
 School department of the Cambridge Lbiion .Schools. On 
 the 22d day of June, 1S69, he became a student at law in 
 the office of Colonel J. D. Taylor, of Cambridge, Ohio, un- 
 der whose directions he pursued his reading with intelligent 
 application for two years ; and on the 12th day of June, 1871, 
 was admitted to the bar at Mount Vernon, Ohio, and on the 
 22d day of the same month entered into partnership with his 
 former legal preceptor. Colonel Taylor, and ever since has 
 been engaged in practice with him. Mr. Anderson is a young 
 man of more than usual talent in the profession he has chosen, 
 and has already secured by his learning, skill and care in 
 his profession, a large and lucrative prattice, and an enviable 
 reputation as an attorney. He is a gentleman of cultivated 
 tastes, and continues to study with zeal the science of law 
 in all its manifold branches; he is universally esteemed, and 
 is a gentleman of integrity and excellent moral character. 
 
 ^jORDON, W. J. M., Chemist, was born on the 25th 
 of December, 1825,111 Somerset county, Maryland. 
 When very young he removed to Baltimore, and 
 there obtained his education, general and scien- 
 tific. His education was conducted with a view 
 to his becoming a practical chemist and druggist, 
 ,nd he studied chemistry under Professor W'illiam E. Aiken, 
 if the University of Maryland, the oldest medical college in 
 he State. In the year 1848 he removed to Cincinnati, and 
 t pct'itili.itipd 1i imspi f i 11 th e drup’ business there, and 
 
 this he carried on successfully and with but little interrup- 
 tion for a period of twenty years ; although during a portion 
 of the time it was conducted in connection with chemical 
 manufacturing, having established a laboratory for the pro- 
 duction of chemicals and pharmaceutical preparations gen- 
 erally. Gradually this br.anch of his business grew into 
 
BIOGRAnilCAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 227 
 
 proportions of great magnitude and importance, and al- 
 though he continued his business as apothecary, his business 
 as manufacturing chemist became the one most wddely iden- 
 tified with his name, and the one from which the most im- 
 portant results have followed. He has always kept well up 
 with the latest and most important developments in chemical 
 science ; and has always, in the production of new and valu- 
 able articles, been in advance of most other manufacturers 
 in the country. He was the first iri the United States to 
 produce glycerine as a commercial article, and it is said that 
 he has been longer engaged in the manufacture of it and has 
 produced more than any other manufacturer in the world ; 
 and the glycerine which he makes is universally acknowl- 
 edged to be superior to either German or French production, 
 and only equalled by one made in London. He has taken 
 the first premium in every instance when exhibited in com- 
 petition with the production of other manufacturers. A 
 number of years ago he abandoned the general drug trade, 
 and devoted himself exclusively to the chemical manufactur- 
 ing business, and ever since then the productions of his labora- 
 tory and its branches have occupied his attention and his 
 energy almost exclusively, except so far as the importation 
 of foreign drugs was concerned. Within the past few years 
 he has devoted himself quite largely to the manufacture of 
 sulphate of ammonia from the waste liquor at the Cincinnati 
 Gas Works, and he is the only man in the West who is en- 
 gaged in such manufacture. The material from which the 
 article is produced is one which had always been held to be 
 waste and worthless. In the manufacture of glycerine he 
 also utilizes material which was before held to be worthless; 
 this is the waste material from .stearine candle factories, and 
 he now pays large sums for what a few years ago yielded 
 not a cent to any one. With his customary restless enter- 
 prise, he is now introducing an article of lampblack pro- 
 duced from natural gas, whicli is said to be superior to all 
 others in the manufacture of ink for engravers, lithographers, 
 and all others who require especially fine inks. P'luid ex- 
 tracts and sugar-coated pills have been favorite productions 
 with him ; and among his other enterprises, years ago, was 
 the manufacture of nitro-glycerine long before it was used 
 as an explosive. He made it in small quantities, under the 
 name of “glonoine,” to meet the demands of the honiceo- 
 pathic practitioners, by whom it was employed as a remedy 
 for the headache. His large manufacturing business, con- 
 ducted with consummate shrewdness, caution, skill, enter- 
 prise and integrity, has been greatly successful ; but he has 
 had obstacles, some of them of no small magnitude, to en- 
 counter and overcome. For four successive years, beginning 
 with the year 1868, destructive fires occurred in his labora- 
 lor)', resulting in each case in disastrous losses, far exceed- 
 ing the amount of the insurance. These in no way em- 
 barrassed or hindered his progress, however, and in eacli 
 case he immediately rebuilt and went on with his work. 
 As his business grew, one laboratory, although a very large 
 one, was insufficient for the requirements of his trade, and 
 
 he some time ago added another, supplied with all the latest 
 and most improved appliances. Besides these, he has in 
 operation numerous mills and engines for grinding drugs, 
 etc. For many years he was President of the Cincinnati 
 College of Pharmacy ; was one of those engaged in estab- 
 lishing the American Pharmaceutical Association ; was for 
 five years Recording Secretary; for one year Vice-President, 
 and in 1S64 President of the association; and has always 
 been in the largest sense identified with the most advanced 
 scientific and literary interests of his profession. At one 
 time he edited a pharmaceutical paper in Cincinnati. He 
 is one of the most comprehensively activ.e men in Cincinnati, 
 the city of active men, and finds time to participate intelli- 
 gently and effectively in matters of public interest. He is a 
 prominent member and an active worker in the church, and, 
 in short, occupies a higli place in society, as a Christian, a 
 business man and a citizen. 
 
 AN, JOHN, Inventor and Manufacturer, was born 
 at L’ Assumption, forty-five miles from Montreal, 
 Canada, April 15th, 1812. He is of P'rench ex- 
 traction. This remarkable man was reared in the 
 country, in the poorest circumstances, and abso- 
 lutely without training or education. While in 
 I his seventh year he was placed under a farmer, with whom 
 j it was arranged that he should remain until the attainment 
 ! of his majority. In course of time, however, this master 
 [ having subjected him to treatment of an unwarrantably 
 j brutal nature, the surrounding neighbors interfered in his 
 behalf and ])laced him under the charge of the Sisters of 
 Charity of Montreal. W'hile there the Sisters guided him 
 in the pursuit of various occupations, in some of vhich he 
 managed to secure an amount of earnings sufficiently ample 
 for the support of his father’s family. At the age of sixteen 
 he entered into an engagement with a tinner to labor in his 
 employ for five years at a salary of one dollar per month — 
 wdth this sum he was required to clothe himself. He sub- 
 sequently began the performance of extra work, the pro- 
 ceeds of w'hich, together wdth the earnings of his wife, were 
 from time to time put away safely in an iron Irox. At the 
 termination of his apprenticeship he, assisted by his em- 
 ployer, embarked in tbe tin trade in Montreal, Canada. 
 Being endowed with great natural mechanical ability, his 
 entry into life, if not made under very auspicious circum- 
 stances, w'as at least characterized by ho]->eful energy and in- 
 dustry. His first venture for himself was, however, made 
 unsuccessful by the cholera scourge of 1832. After this 
 failure he resumed his former subordinate position, and was 
 thus engaged as an active employ^ until 1835, when by the 
 death of his uncle he fell heir to a large fortune. In 1837, 
 on the outbreak of the Canadian rebellion or patriot war, he 
 connected himself with the fortunes of the insurgents. At 
 the battle of St. Charles he disbursed ten thousand dollars 
 
228 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 of his money in obtaining supplies for the patriots; and in 
 1838, at St. Eustace, was captured by the governmental 
 forces, and subsequently sentenced to be hanged. Three 
 days before the appointed time of execution he escaped from 
 the jail at Montreal, and, after many days of incredible hard- 
 .ship, arrived in New York State. Upon his arrival in Troy, 
 New York, he learned that a reward of four hundred pounds 
 had been offered by the Canadian authorities for his capture, 
 dead or alive. Ilis large estate was then confiscated, and 
 still remains in the hands of the government of Canada. 
 The “ patriots ” were pardoned in 18.47, since which ti^ie 
 he has made several visits to Canada and secured extensive 
 trade arrangements with its business community. Shortly 
 after the fi.isco which had resulted in his temporary banish- 
 ment, he brought his family to Troy, New York, and there 
 worked at his trade until 1842, when he was induced, under 
 favorable circumstances, to remove to Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 'I'here his superior skill placed him in a very advantageous 
 jiositiou as compared with the ordinary workman, and he 
 obtained a desirable position as foreman of the tin, stove and 
 steamboat-furnishing works of Lockwood & Burton, where 
 lie remained until 1846. He then initiated on his own ac- 
 count and responsibility the taking and filling of large con- 
 tracts for sheet-iron and tin work. His success within the 
 year in this department of business was so great that he was 
 enabled to purchase the entire interests and establishment 
 of his former employer. That business he prosecuted until 
 1S49, the date of his removal to St. Louis, where he con- 
 tracted to supply the Mormons at Salt I.ake with all goods 
 needed by them from the Gentiles. Within seventeen days 
 after making this contract he had filled four warehouses with 
 goods for that trade — of these three were consumed liy fire 
 in the memoralile conflagration which occurred in St. Louis 
 on the following May lyih. His unflagging energy and vast 
 fund of resource, that has, apparently, yet to desert him, soon, 
 however, placed him on his feet again ; within twenty-four 
 hours he had contracted for new liuildings, and within an 
 incredibly brief space of time hS’d his large trade again un- 
 der full way. In 1851, during another cholera epidemic, 
 he was forced by the errors or dishonesty of his partner to 
 make an assignment for the benefit of his creditors. Some 
 of these creditors were Cincinnati men, and they, having 
 (like all others with whom he had dealt) unlimited confi- 
 dence in his integrity and business ability, assisted him to 
 start afresh in Cincinnati, in 1852, in the tin, stove and 
 roofing business. Here again misfortune visited him, and 
 again by the hands of others. In 1853, after making several 
 strong efforts to better his condition, he returned to St. Louis 
 and made a new venture, with his former head-clerk as a 
 partner. Once more a repetition occurs of past events ; 
 similar causes interposed between him and success. After 
 a short career, replete with incident, in Chicago, Illinois, and 
 other ]ilaces, he again settled in Cincinnati, Ohio. While 
 at Muscatine, Iowa, he had invented and patented his first 
 wrought-iron r.ange, and in opening business in the Queen 
 
 City he began with an attempt to introduce the “ new im- 
 proved range,” the result of a second patent. Once more, 
 misfortune overtaking him in his partnership associati^/U, he 
 was again compelled to carve out for himself a new avenue 
 in commercial life. Then was inaugurated one of the mo.-.t 
 remarkable periods of an uncommon and peculiarly active 
 life; in the face of the greatest opposition to sheet-iron 
 ranges, stoves and heating apparatus, he began to invent 
 range and stove fixtures of every kind, patented them, and 
 introduced them everywhere into the Union army. During 
 those days of continuous activity, until the close of the war, 
 lie invented and patented twenty or more ranges and heat- 
 ing and cooking appliances, and did over a million and a 
 half dollars’ worth of business in them. “ Wherever the 
 Union army was found, there was also found an iimumer-. 
 able quantity of Van’s army ranges, heating stoves, camp- 
 fixtures, and galley and naval stoves.” Notwithstanding 
 the great successes then and there encountered, and the 
 vast amount of business done with the United Stales forces, 
 he was again constrained in 1864 to initiate a fresh departure. 
 During the course of that year he purchased the interests of 
 those men with whom he had been connected during the 
 progress of the rebellion, and founded a business under the 
 firm-style of Van & Sons. During the ensuing two years, 
 which held several heavy losses, occasioned by one of his 
 employes, various changes occurred in the house, and in 
 j868 it assumed the style, simply, of John Van, under whose 
 conduct its affairs have since been most successfully prose- 
 cuted. His sheet-iron range, at one time cried down bitterly 
 and widely' as a fraud, is now sold in vast quantities through- 
 out the entire civilized world, and from Maine to California 
 countless imitations of his inventions are daily sold and used. 
 He is the inventor not only of the sheet-iron range, in all its 
 forms and with all its vaiied appliances, b.it also of many 
 other valuable and useful articles connected with the kitchen 
 and culinary department. His ranges weigh from a few 
 hundred pounds to six tons each, and cost in some cases as 
 much as seven thousand dollars. It may truly be said that 
 he is one of the most remarkable business men of the time ; 
 unable to read or write a single word, he has, as his check- 
 ered history indicates, often been the prey of designing men ; 
 and vet at the present time, having valiantly warded off dis- 
 couragement amid all his misfortunes, and triumphed over 
 startling reverses that would have beaten down far more than 
 the majority of business men, he stands to-day in the front 
 rank of the more influential leading spirits of Cincinnati, 
 Ohio. Few men have been endowed with such excellent 
 executive ability or such inventive genius. Had but his 
 early life afforded him favoralrle opportunity for the acquisi- 
 tion of even merely a thorough elementary education, his 
 versatile talents would more than probably have secured fer 
 him as high a position in any professional line as he has 
 attained as a man of business. He has more than an ordi- 
 nary share of the mercurial versatility of the Gaul, and a full 
 share also of the national politeness and sociability cf the 
 
Xnljraved ly J C Buitie 
 
 TMIE IBDSMT OBlEKtPDflfllLANPE® £IKlA§E.,®o®<. 
 
 ' n/orrsc or 
 
 
UIOGRAI’IIICAL 
 
 French people. He was married in 1829 to Margaret F)u 
 Reuche, who died in 186S; and again in 1868 to (Mrs.) 
 Louise BuIIett, of Cincinnati, formerly of France. Of his 
 large family nearly all of his sons are in one way or other 
 connected with him in business. 
 
 ENCVCLOR.FDIA. 
 A : 
 
 229 
 
 
 n 
 €' . 1 , a' 
 C 
 
 (a 
 
 IIA.SE, PHILANDER, D. D., Protestant Epis- 
 copal Bishop of Ohio from February nth, 1819, 
 to September 9th, 1831, and subsequently Bishop 
 of Illinois, was born at Cornish, New Hampshire, 
 on December 14th, 1775. He sprang from the 
 early colonists of America, his ancestor, Aquila 
 Chase, coming from Cornwall, England, in 1640, and 
 settling in Newbury. The grandson of Aquila, the Bishop’s 
 father, removed to a township above Fort No. 4, on the Con- 
 necticut river, and founded the town of Cornish. After 
 receiving his preliminary education in various schools. Phi- 
 lander became a student of Dartmouth College, from which 
 he graduated in 1796. A severe injury to one of his limbs 
 prevented his becoming a farmer. Having determined to 
 enter the sacred ministry, he took a course of divinity, and 
 was ordained Deacon May loth, 1798, and Priest November 
 loth, 1799. For several years he was zealously engaged in 
 missionary labors in western New York. In 1805 he went 
 to New Orleans and took an active part in the organization 
 of the Protestant Episcopal Church in that city. He re- 
 turned to the North in iSll.and until 1S17 officiated as 
 Rector of Christ Church, Hartford, Connecticut. On Feb- 
 ruary lith, 1819, he was consecrated Bishop of Ohio, to 
 which position he had been elected, and in 1823 proceeded 
 to England for the purpose of soliciting aid for Kenyon 
 College and Theological Seminary in his diocese, great 
 success attending his visit. Difficulties having arisen with 
 some of his clergy in regard to the disposal of funds he had 
 collected, and other matters, he resigned the jurisdiction of 
 his diocese, on September plh, 1831, and removed to Michi- 
 gan. On March 8th, 1835, he was made Bishop of Illinois, 
 and shortly thereafter made a second visit to England on 
 behalf of education in the West. In 1838 he returned with 
 sufficient funds to lay the foundation of Jubilee College at 
 Robin’s Nest, Peoria, Illinois. Although a large and cor- 
 pulent mrn, Bishop Chase was exceedingly active and labo- 
 rious. Though not especially distinguished by learning, he 
 possessed great diplomatic talents, intuitive knowledge of 
 human nature and great shrewdness, qualities which en- 
 abled him to accomplish an amount of good tenfold greater 
 than many incomparably his superior in scholastic knowl- 
 edge. He published in two volumes, octavo, “Reminis- 
 cences” of his life and labors; “Plea for the West,” in 
 1826; “Star of Kenyon College,” in 1828; “Defence of 
 Kenyon College,” in 1831. A serious injury, caused by being 
 thrown from his carriige, h.astened his decease, which oc- 
 curred a few days after the accident, on September 20th, 1852. 
 
 ILI., REV. JAMES, Pastor of the Town Street 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, Columbus, Ohio, 
 was born in Baltimore, Maryland, May loth, 
 1815, his parents being natives of the north of 
 Ireland, who were of the Presbyterian faith until 
 1831, when they united with the Methodist Itpis- 
 copal Church. They emigrated to America, and were mar- 
 lied in Baltimore in 1803. iSIr. Hill was educated at the 
 Franklin Academy, in Reisterstown, Baltimore county, and 
 became a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at a 
 camp-meeting, held on August i6th, 1832, in Clarke’s Camp- 
 ground, in the same county. In the autumn of 1834, in 
 company with his father’s family, he went West, and located 
 in Indianapolis, where he resided four years, having been 
 engaged during that time as a merchant. He retired from 
 bu-siness and united as a licentiate with the Indiana An- 
 nual Conference in 1838, having been recommended by the 
 Quarterly Conference of Wesley Chapel, now Meridian 
 Street Church, Indianapolis. On Octolrer l8th, 1839, he 
 was married to Mary M. Patterson, daughter of Judge 
 Robert Patterson of that city. By this marriage he had two 
 sons and two daughters. His wife still survives. After 
 thirty-two years spent in the Indiana Conference, and in 
 nineteen different charges, during ten years of which period 
 he filled the Presiding Eldership, he was transferred to the 
 Northwest Indiana Conference, and was stationed for three 
 years at the First Methodist Episcopal Church in Terre 
 Haute. He was then transferred to the Ohio Conference, 
 the t.'ansfer taking place in February, 1873, and was ap- 
 pointed to the Town Street Methodist E[riscopal Church of 
 Columbus, in which his labors have been greatly blessed. 
 He has been twice a member of the General Conference, 
 and served in both sessions. For a number of years he 
 was a Trustee of the De Pauw Female College, and also a 
 Trustee of the Indiana Asbury University. Mr. Hill has a 
 fine reputation as a pulpit orator, and is one of the ablest 
 divines of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is the for- 
 tunate possessor of a robust constitution, and performs an 
 unusual amount of efficient pastoral labor. He has budt up 
 a large and flourishing church, with a large and intelligent 
 membership, and has distinguished his ministry by the fer- 
 vency of his piety and by the earnest energy with which he 
 has fulfilled every duty devolving upon him. 
 
 I 
 
 •\KER, WILLIAM, Lawyer, was born in Norwalk, 
 Ohio, P'ebruary 5th, 1822, and is the son of Hon. 
 Timothy Baker, a native of Massachusetts, and a 
 prominent citizen of Huron county, Ohio. In 
 1841 he graduated at Dennison University, and m 
 1844 at the Law School of Harvard University, 
 Massachusetts. In November of the latter year he com- 
 menced the practice of his profession in Toledo, Ohio, where 
 lie has since been actively engaged in a general practice, 
 
 
230 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 and more especially in commercial and real estate law and 
 chancery. While attending sedulously to the fulfilment of 
 his professional duties, he has also been for many years inti- 
 mately identified with the growth and prosperity of the city, 
 and has actively supported all railroad and manufacturing 
 enterprises, with many of which, including tlie Wabash Rail- 
 road, the Toledo & Cleveland Railroad, the Milburn Wagon 
 W'orks, etc., he has sustained important personal relations. 
 He has acted also as the trusted adviser and attorney of 
 many of the corporations and leading business men of 
 Toledo, who recognize in him a trustworthy and skilful 
 practitioner. To all movements promising the promotion 
 of the moral and educational welf.ire of the city also he has 
 uniformly given his cordial and active sympathy and support. 
 With the exception of local and minor offices, he has never 
 evinced a predilection or desire for position of a partisan or 
 political nature, and has, accordingly, persistently refrained 
 from entering into the arena of contested place and patron- 
 age. But all trusts, professional or personal, committed to 
 him, have been discharged invariably with unassailable fi- 
 delity, and admirable ability. He was married, August 
 28th, 1849, to Frances C. Latimer, of Norwalk, Ohio, by 
 whom he has had five children — four sons and one daughter. 
 
 T^OLMES, CHARLES C, one of the leading to- 
 bacco merchants and business men of Cincinnati, 
 was born March 28th, 1828, in .Shenandoah 
 
 county, Virginia. When he was but seven years 
 of age his parents removed to Ohio, where, in the 
 country school, on the farm, and at the shoemaker’s 
 bench, he passed the next fifteen years of his life. At the 
 age of twenty-two he had learned a trade and was ready to 
 start in business for himself. Accordingly in 1850 he 
 opened a shoe store and shop in New Vienna, Ohio. This 
 business he continued with varying success until 1856. 
 During this year he went to Washington, Ohio, ’and opened 
 a dry-goods and furnishing house, still continuing his trade 
 of shoes, and met a fair degree of success. Being dissatis- 
 fied with these undertakings, they were abandoned in 1858, 
 and his family moved to a farm in Bracken county, Ken- 
 tucky. This county is in the tobacco-grou ing region of the 
 State. His attention was now quite largely turned to the 
 
 culture of tobacco, in which business he continued for twelve 
 seasons. Having by long experience and careful investiga- 
 tion now become thoroughly acquainted with tobacco and 
 the wants and opportunities of the trade, and being anxious 
 for a wider and more profitable field of exertion, in 1S57, 
 mainly through his agency, the Farmers’ Commission To- 
 bacco Warehouse was opened in Cincinnati. In 1S70, con- 
 cluding to give up the farm entirely, he removed his family 
 to Newport, Kentucky, and devoted all his energies to the 
 interests of his business in Cincinnati. The house of which 
 Mr. Holmes is now a member, under the firm-name of 
 
 Holmes, Black & Millens, has one of the most interesting 
 histories of any business house in the city. In 1S57 it was 
 started as the “ Farmers’ House,” with forty-two members, 
 having a regularly organized board of directors and execu- 
 tive officers. 'I'he chief instigator as well as most active 
 manager of this movement was the subject of this sketch. 
 The movement itself was one by which the farmers hoped 
 to be able to dispose of their crops to the best advan- 
 tage, and in the best possible way represent their own inter- 
 ests in the great tobacco market which Cincinnati had now 
 become. A vast organization like this, made up of the actual 
 producers of tobacco, selling their crops through their own 
 appointed commi.ssioners, and so signally departing from the 
 ordinary routine, was not destined to glide smoothly on its 
 way. Obstacles were found everywhere interposed, and 
 meeting a hardly tolerable success in two years, passed into 
 the hands of four of its members, and the firm-name of 
 Farmers’ Commission Tobacco Warehouse was changed to 
 that of r. H. Clayton & Co. After some other changes the 
 house settled into the present firm of Holmes, Black & 
 Millens. Its business is exclusively commission, and it now 
 ranks not only as one of the most successful and extensive in 
 its business transactions, but as one of the most deserving of 
 consideration in the history of the Cincinnati tobacco trade. 
 The old farmers’ movement was vastly instrumental in ad- 
 vancing and liberalizing the tobacco trade, and constitutes a 
 page in the history of that business in Cincinnati. Mr. 
 Holmes is one of the most extensively known and prosperous 
 men in the tobacco trade in Cincinnati. He is in the prime 
 of life, with the problem of his own success now solved. 
 Few men are able to present a record of a more honorable 
 and active business c.areer. On September 13th, 1855, he 
 was married to Alice Nugent, of Ohio, and has a family of 
 five daughters and one son, all living. 
 
 EDGE, FRANCIS, Manufacturer, was born in 
 Staffordshire, England, January 12th, 1S25. He 
 is of English parentage, and was educated in 
 Stone, Staffordshire, England. While in his 
 seventeenth year he was placed to learn his trade, 
 and served an apprenticeship of five years under 
 Joseph Whitworth, of Manchester, England. August 3d, 
 1S48, he sailed from Liverpool for this country, and finally, 
 on the following September 30th, settled in Zanesville, Ohio. 
 During the ensuing six months, he was employed in setting 
 up machinery for the Ohio Iron Company (formerly the 
 Zanesville Rolling Mills). He then associated himself in 
 partnership with John H. Jones, and for eighteen months 
 prosecuted business in the Blocksom Foundiy, which had 
 been rented by the partne's. He subsequently served eight 
 years as foreman for H. & F. Blandy. The following year 
 was spent in the saw-mill business in Arkansas. He then 
 found employment in “ getting up” machinery, designs, and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 231 
 
 drawings for portable engines, for Owens, Lane & Dyer, 
 Hamilton, Ohio. In 1857 he designed, built and bought 
 the first engine in Zanesville, Ohio. In 1858 he became a 
 member of the firm of Griffith, Ebert & Co., which, after tlie 
 lapse of two years, became Griffith & Wedge. While in the 
 employ of H. & E. Blandy he built not only the first loco- 
 motive in Zanesville, but also the first portable engine. He 
 has achieved business success in the face of many embar- 
 rassing difficulties, and by steady persistence and industry 
 has secured the legitimate reward of enterprise and labor. 
 He is a stockholder in the Brown Manufacturing Company 
 and also in the Zanesville Woollen Company. He was mar- 
 ried, July 29th, 1846, in Manchester, England, to Nichola 
 J. Weild. 
 
 ^ULICK, GEORGE W., Lawyer, was born in Bata- 
 via, Clermont county, Ohio, June 29th, 1833. He 
 was the fourth child in a family consisting of eight 
 children, whose parents were Lott Hulick and 
 Roda (Dimmitt) Hulick. His father, a native of 
 New Jersey, followed through life the coopering 
 trade and also agricultural pursuits. He settled in Cler- 
 mont county, Ohio, in 1814, and has since continued to re- 
 side there. His mother was born near Batavia, Clermont 
 county. His maternal grandfather, Ezekiel Dimmitt, a na- 
 tive of Virginia, was one of the early pioneers of this county, 
 and was intimately identified with the early history and 
 public enterprises of Clermont county. Until the year 1851 
 he worked on a farm in the summer season, and through the 
 winter months attended'school. He then attended Farmers’ 
 College, near Cincinnati, and after passing through a four 
 years’ course of literary study, graduated from that institu- 
 tion in July, 1855. He thereupon entered the law office of 
 Judge Friback, in Bat, avia, and while teaching school during 
 the winter, applied himself to the study of legal text-books. 
 This system of training he sustained assiduously for two 
 years, then passed a thorough examination, and in 1857 was 
 admitted to the bar. He subsequently opened an office in 
 Batavia, and there entered actively on the practice of his 
 profession. In 1858 he was a candidate for the Prosecutirig 
 Attorneyship, but with the balance of his ticket was defe.ated. 
 In October, 1861, he was married to Josephine W. Harri- 
 son, a native of Cincinnati, who at the time of their marriage 
 w.as residing in St. Louis. In the fall of 1863 he w,as 
 elected Probate Judge of Clermont county, and held the 
 office for three years. At the outbreak of the war of the 
 rebellion he entered the army of the United States, and ac- 
 companied to the scene of operations Company E of the 
 22d Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry. W'ith this force 
 he was then connected for four months, and, having enlisted 
 as a private, was promoted to a Captaincy before the expira- 
 tion of his term. He afterward raised and organized the 
 41st Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was selected 
 to occupy its Colonelcy. That position, however, he was 
 
 compelled to resign, his duties on the bench demanding the 
 major portion of his time and attention. He has acted at 
 various periods as a member of the local School Board, and 
 is deeply interested in moral and educational reform. As a 
 practitioner and as an expounder of the law he possesses 
 equally the confidence and admiration of the bar and of the 
 general community, as is evidenced by an extensive practice. 
 
 1 OVLE, JOHN HARDY, Attorney-at-Law, was 
 born on a farm near Somerset, Perry county, Ohio, 
 April 23d, 1843. Dis parents, who were among 
 the earliest settlers of the Maumee valley, were 
 married at Providence, on the Maumee river, in 
 I S35, or thereabout. They subsetpiently moved to 
 Perry county, Ohio, and from there, in 1846, removed to 
 Toledo in the same State, where they have since resided. 
 He was educated primarily in the public schools of Toledo, 
 and completed his literary education at the University in 
 Granville, Ohio. Upon relinquishing school life he entered 
 the office of his uncle, v ho was then, 1S59, Recorder of 
 Lucas county, Ohio, and acted as his deputy for two years. 
 At the expiration of that time he commenced the reading 
 of law in 1863, entered the office of Edward Bissell, and in 
 1S65 was admitted to the bar and to a partnership with his 
 preceptor. The firm thus constituted still exists, and is a 
 leading one in Toledo, where there are to-day more than 
 one hundred resident legal practitioners. He has exhibited 
 great skill and well-directed energy in the conduct cf 
 various important cases. On one occasion he successfully 
 conducted a suit for the occupants of one hundred and sixty 
 acres of land in the centre of Toledo, valued at over one 
 million of dollars, the title to which was involved in the 
 suit ; the claimants were the heirs of one Ford, a privateer 
 in the war of 1812, who was then living at Fell’s Point, 
 Baltimore, Maryland. The case hinged on the legitimacy 
 of a daughter who, the claimants alleged, was born while 
 the aforesaid Ford was a prisoner of war in Plymouth, Eng- 
 land, and was illegitimate. He spent a large portion of the 
 spring and winter of 1874 in Maryland and the District of 
 Columbia in taking testimony in this important case. The 
 final result established the legitimacy of the child, and hence 
 the title of his clients. Political office of a partisan nature 
 he has never either sought or accepted. He was one of the 
 organizers of the present excellent public free library of 
 Toledo, and for many years served efficiently as Chairman 
 of its Lecture Committee. In connection with Hon. DeWitt 
 Davis, of Milwaukee, he organized also the Northwestern 
 Lecture Bureau in 1865, in Chicago, Illinois. He has fre- 
 (piently contributed articles on law and literary subjects to 
 the magazines of the country, and is the possessor of a varied 
 and valuable fund of information of a very diversified char- 
 acter. The Republican party has always commanded his 
 
232 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOIVL DIA. 
 
 sympathies and support. He was married, October 6th, 
 lS6S, to Alice Fuller Skinner, daughter of Dr. S. \V. Skin- 
 ner, of Windsor, Connecticut, now of Toledo, Ohio. 
 
 CRIBNER, CHARLES HARVEY, Law'yer, was 
 born on the 20th of October, 1826, near Norwalk, 
 Connecticut, and is of English descent. While 
 still a child he removed with his parents to 
 Newark, New Jersey, and it was in the common 
 schools of that city that he acquired the rudiments 
 of his education. In i8j8 his parents removed to the vil- 
 lage of Homer, in Licking county, Ohio, and there in the 
 district schools his education was continued. Going to 
 school was scarcely the chief occupation of his boyhood, 
 however. He was a farmer’s boy, and his attendance at 
 school was intermittent, as that of a farmer’s boy is apt to 
 be. .So, working on the farm in summer and going to 
 school in winter, he passed his time until he was eighteen 
 years of age. Then he left the farm, and gave up the dis- 
 trict school. He went, at that time, as an apprentice to 
 learn the trade of saddler and harness-maker. Not that he | 
 had made Up his own mind to pass the remainder of his , 
 d.ays in a saddler’s shop. He had marked out a different 
 career for himself, and wrought industriously to fit himself 
 for it. He worked hard at the acquisition of his mechanical 
 trade during the day, and then at night he worked just as 
 hard studying law. His night work was so effective that, 
 in October, 1848, he w.as admitted to the bar at Mount Ver- 
 non, as a practising lawyer. He commenced the practice 
 of bis profession at Mount Vernon in the year 1849, and in 
 1850 he entered into a professional partnership with 1 1 . B. 
 Curtis, of that place. This partnership continued until June, 
 1^9, when the firm separated, and he removed to Toledo, 
 There he entered into a law partnership with F. H. Hurd. 
 He has remained at Toledo ever since, and his partnership 
 with Mr. Hurd still continues, the style of the firm being 
 Scribner, Hurd & Scribner. His success in his profession 1 
 has been great, and he is recognized as one of the leading 
 lawyers of Toledo. During the twenty-seven years since he 
 entered the profession, he has been engaged in some of the 
 notable legal Cases that have come before the courts in 
 which he has practised, in Toledo and elsewhere. Politi- 
 cally he is a Democrat, and in October, lS67,he was elected 
 a member of the Ohio State Senate from the district com-- 
 prising Holmes, Wayne, Knox and Morrow counties. 
 While in the Senate he was Chairman of the Judiciary Com- 
 mittee. In the spring of 1S73 he was elected a member of 
 the Constitutional Convention. He was also nominated for 
 Supreme Judge on the same ticket with Governor Allen, 
 and was defeated by only a small majority. The practice 
 of his profession does not absorb all his strength and energy. 
 He is also Director of the Toledo Mutual Life Insurance 
 Company, and is attorney at Toledo for the Cincinnati, 
 
 Hamilton & Dayton Railroad. He married, October 20th, 
 1847, Mary E. Morehouse, of Newark, New Jersey. 
 
 URRAY, ORSON SMITH, a Teacher and Incul- 
 cator of Morality and Philanthropy, was born in 
 Orwell, Vermont, September 23, 1806. His 
 paternal progenitors, (Murray and Plum,) were 
 of Scotch and Scotch-Irish origin; his maternal, 
 (Bascom and Stevens,) Welch and English. His 
 parents, Jonathan Murray and Roselinda Bascom, went to 
 Vermont from Guilford, Connecticut, and Newport, New 
 Hampshire. He was educated into the Congregationalist and 
 Roger Williams-Baptist religions; and was baptized into the 
 church of the latter, at the age of fifteen. He inherited an 
 organization, and was nursed and fostered into a thirst, for 
 knowledge. Was the oldest of eleven children ; and his 
 parents were unalrle to afford him more than common school 
 and limited academic opportunities for learning. His inspira- 
 tions, his desire for knowledge, his aspirations after attain- 
 ments in scholarship and useful learning, received from 
 his parents, were stimulated, strengthened and enlarged, 
 when he was seven years old, by Silas Wright, who was 
 then his school-teacher. He was occupied with school- 
 learning, school-teaching and farming work, during his 
 minority; and thus occupied for himself till he had a wife 
 and two children. After, by his own energies, carrying him- 
 self through a course of studies in Castleton and Shoreham 
 academies, and receiving a license as a Baptist preacher, he 
 purchased the Ver?ito>it Telegraph, the Baptist paper for the 
 State, and published it, at Brandon, under the patronage of 
 the denomination, making his first issue as editor and pub- 
 lisher, October i, 1835. Among leading objects in this 
 undertaking were, the moralizing and humanizing of the 
 Christian church and world, as in relation to slavery, human 
 slaughter, rum, tobacco and licentiousness. He had been 
 among the first, if not the first, publicly to advocate total 
 abstinence from all alcoholic liquors as beverages for peojrle 
 in health, and especially in the spring of life. This was 
 done through the Castleton Statesman and Vermont Tele- 
 graph, previously to his purchase of the latter. He after- 
 ward became convinced, and taught, that bad eating is as 
 great an evil as bad drinking ; and exemplified his doctrine . 
 by several years of faithful practice, in refraining from ani- 
 mal food — in accordance with the views of Epicurus and 
 Sylvester Graham ; but became convinced that any desirable 
 change in this regard could only be effected gradually. 
 
 1 le was the procurer of the passage, by the Vermont Legis- 
 lature, of the first resolution by a State Legislature, instruct- 
 ing Senators and requesting Representatives in Congress, to 
 use their endeavors for the abolition of slavery and the trade 
 in the District of Columbia, and the suppression of the 
 inter-State traffic. He assisted, as the only delegate from 
 Vermont, in the formation of the American Anti-Slavery So- 
 ciety, in Philadelphia, in December, 1833; and in the 
 

BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.LHIA. 
 
 233 
 
 spring following org:inized, in Vermont, the first State ' 
 Society auxiliary thereto. He sympathized and co-operated 
 with John R. McDowal, in his endeavors to expose and do 
 away with libertinism and prostitution in general, and in the ^ 
 church in particular. At the end of six years publishing of j 
 the Telegraph as a religious paper, he parted with his re- 
 ligious brethren, for want of agreement in faith and practice 
 — in the use of means for human enlargement and general j 
 improvement. He published the Telegraph two years 
 longer in the interests of morality — of humanity. When 
 Horace Greeley, Albert Brisbane, George Ripley, \\ illiam | 
 Henry Channing, and others were advocating fourierism, 
 he gave in his adhesion to what seemed to him the more 
 beneficent philosophy advocated and practiced by Robert 
 Owen. January l, 1844, he started the Regenerator, a 
 weekly journal, at 29 Ann street, New York, under the 
 motto — Ignorance the Evil — Knowledge the Remedy R At 
 the end of six months, he removed to Ohio, and published 
 in a log-cabin, on Fruit-Hills farm, in Warren county, till 
 March, 1856. He was prevented continuance in publishing, 
 by the death of his oldest son, Carlos, who had just arrived 
 at maturity; whose assistance as a practical printer, as a 
 sympathizer in his father’s advance-views and as a useful 
 and promising writer, was indispensable to success, against 
 the odds he had to contend with in surrounding and attend- 
 ing adverse circumstances. During all these twenty years 
 of publishing, except the six months in the city of New 
 York, he clung to the soil, from which, as much as possible, 
 to obtain his bread — that he might the better maintain his 
 rectitude, his fidelity to his convictions, as a public teacher 
 and exemplar. During the past autumn, (1875,) a visiting 
 friend was inquisitive to know how to define, or designate, 
 Mr. Murray’s position as in relation to existing religions. 
 His inquiring friend was permitted to apply to his case, if 
 he pleased, the term. Radical Protestant — his belief being 
 that to define any religion is to destroy it for any good pur- 
 pose; — just as M. D. Conway declared, in one of his late 
 lectures in Cincinnati, that to define a god is to destroy it — 
 a belief which Mr. Murray has, in substance, entertained 
 and taught much longer and plainer than has Mr. Conway. 
 Mr. Murray accepts, takes and carries to its legitimate con- 
 clusions, the old-time pulpit-preaching — not yet altogether 
 given up by religionists — that religion and morality are in- 
 imical, antagonistical : that the works of the moralist are 
 preventive of the works of the religionist — and so the works 
 of the religionist must be preventive of the works of the 
 moralist : that religion and morality lead into parting-off 
 paths, separated by an impassable gulf; into adverse ways, 
 to opposite results: that it is important to hold up to view, 
 and to demonstrate these distinctions : that religion, in ac- 
 cordance with the etymological meaning of the word, in the 
 heathen original, ties, tethers, binds, enslaves : that it re- 
 quires human sacrifice; subsists on human ignorance; in- 
 flames pa.ssions, excites prejudices, creates ill will and bad 
 neighborhood; causes strifes, hates, jealousies, enmities, 
 
 30 
 
 persecutions, wars and human destruction : — whereas 
 morality is applied good will; is practiced humanity; is 
 charity, peace, enlightenment and enlargement, elevation 
 and salvation. That, possessing brains, practicing mu-scular 
 and intellectual activity and listening to the voice of a 
 morally cultivated conscience, “ a man is a man ; ” — that 
 these qualifications and actions constitute true manhood and 
 positive, genuine, needed usefulness. That evidence is 
 more and better than authority : that the true teaching is by 
 the presentation of evidence. That to be taught and gov- 
 erned by authority is to be led and to stumble in darkness : 
 while to be taught and governed by evidence, is to be led 
 and to walk in light. That fear is a bad, vitiating motive; 
 a brutal restraint, necessitated only by ignorance; and that 
 its exercise tends to the augmentation and -perpetuation of 
 the ignorance. In regard to creative, controlling, governing 
 power — ruling, regulating force — he holds and teaches that 
 where the power is there the responsibility is : that creators 
 are to be held accountable for their works of creation ; that 
 parents are to be held accountable for, and to, their children ; 
 that the controllers of human interests — the orderers, the 
 regulators, the disposers of human destinies — are to be held 
 accountable for their use of power. He derives the highest 
 motives for human improvement from the purest, most un- 
 adulterated materialism — the idea being that as the organiza- 
 tion is, so the manifestation must be : that the purity, the 
 excellence, the goodness, of the propagated, depends on 
 these qualities in the propagators : that as are the parents 
 so will be the children — -all attending circumstances being 
 equal-^;?«/ tnaterially, then morally and intellectually — 
 first by creation, then by culture. That it is absurdity, is 
 confusion — is putting darkness for light — to think of purify- 
 ing bodies by attempting to purify “ minds,” “ souls,” 
 “ spirits,” — purifying organizations by attempting to purify 
 their manifestations : that such is the work of undertaking 
 to purify poisoned fountains by purifying the poisoned 
 waters which flow from them — to purify poisonous trees by 
 purifying the fruits borne by them. That this materialistic 
 teaching and practice is prevention ; and that without this, 
 all curative processes — religious or other — will be futile en- 
 deavor, fatal illusion. That here — on this materialistic 
 basis— is the only ground of charity : that all human beings 
 are throughout their entire existences, the creatures of cir- 
 cumstances ; while more or less they are also the creators of 
 circumstances. Mr. Murray has for many years been an 
 advocate of the equality of woman with man before the 
 law ; and of equal virtue for law-making — the equal virtue 
 of morality and intellectuality, of talents and attainments in 
 these respects — regardless of sex. His views in this regard 
 were presented in writing for the consideration of the late 
 Ohio Constitutional Convention. Against the religious 
 movement, which has been going on during the past ten 
 years, fcr the impairment, the vitiation, the corruption, of 
 our National and State Constitutions and statutes, he has 
 from time to time addressed protests and remonstrances to 
 
234 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 Congress, the Ohio Legislature, and the State Constitutional 
 Convention. Mr. Murray is an original thinker; a vigorous, 
 effective writer ; a dear, forcible, demonstrative reasoner. 
 In person, he is tali, sinewy and energetic. Now in his 
 seventieth year, he manifests no abatement of interest in en- 
 terprises for human improvement ; no impairment of mem- 
 ory ; no lack of intellectual force. In 1827, Mr. Murray 
 married Catherine Maria Higgins, of the Baptist Society, 
 in Orwell, where they both had grown up. They lived to- 
 gether thirty-three years, till her death in i860. She was a 
 woman of sterling qualities — of inherited and cultivated ex- 
 cellencies. They had nine children. Six — (Carlos Orson, 
 Marsena Messer, Charles Burleigh, Rachel Robinson, Rose- 
 linda Bascom and Ichabod Higgins) — grew to maturity. 
 All these, except Carlos, have married and are raising fam- 
 ilies of children. In 1865, Mr. Murray married lanthe 
 Poor, whose sympathies with his tastes and teachings, and 
 whose personal, practical loving-kindnesses he recognizes 
 and appreciates as protractive of his days of enjoyment, 
 and helpful in any remaining usefulness. 
 
 fOYES, HON. EDWARD FOLLENSBEE, Gov- 
 ernor of Ohio from 1872 to 1874, was born at 
 Haverhill, Massachusetts, on October 3d, 1832, 
 and is the son of Theodore and Hannah Noyes. 
 At three years of age he was left an orphan and 
 was then taken charge of by his grandparents at 
 East Kingston, New Hampshire. At twelve years of age, 
 on the death of his grandfather, he was taken into the 
 family of his guardian, Joseph Hoyt, of Newton, New 
 Hampshire. At thirteen the youth took care of twenty head 
 of cattle, worked on the farm in summer, and in winter made 
 a daily pilgrimage of four miles and daily cut and piled his 
 half-cord of swamp maples. At fourteen years of age he 
 was apprenticed as a printer in the office of the Morning 
 Star, published at Dover, New Hampshire, where he re- 
 mained four years and then, desiring a liberal education, 
 prepared for and entered Dartmouth College, where he 
 graduated high in his class in 1857. At this period he be- 
 gan the study of law at Exeter, New Hamphire, in the office 
 of Stickney & Tuck; the latter, Amos Tuck, was for many 
 years a member of Congress of note. Accidentally visiting 
 Cincinnati in the winter of 1857-58 he was induced to re- 
 main, where he continued the study of law in the office of 
 Tilden, Rairden & Curwen. In 1858 he began the practice 
 of his profession in Cincinnati. Business opened auspi- 
 ciously, and the way to success seemed short, when the 
 tocsin of war sounding in 1861, he volunteered in the service 
 of the Union. On the 20th of August the 39th Ohio In- 
 fintry took the field witli John Croeslieck as Colonel, A. W. 
 Gilbert as Lieutenant-Colonel, and Edward F. Noyes as 
 Major. This regiment was sent to Missouri, where General 
 
 Fremont was in command. Early in 1862 the regiment 
 was under General Tope in the capture of New Madrid ami 
 Island Number Ten. After tliis he was for a brief period 
 on the staff of that officer. In October, 1862, Noyes was 
 commissioned Colonel and took command of his regiment, 
 his superiors having left the service. He took an active 
 pal t in the battles of luka and Corinth under General Rose- 
 crans, and under General G. M. Dodge in the operations 
 against Forrest and other rebel generals in the Tuscumbia 
 valley. The regiment was under Sherman in the famous 
 Atlanta campaign. On the 4th of July, 1864, while most 
 gallantly leading an assault upon the enemy’s works at 
 Ruffs Mills, Mcojack Creek, Georgia, he was severely 
 wounded, and suffered the amputation of a limb upon the 
 field. Five weeks later he endured a second amputation at 
 Cincinnati, which would have ended his career but for a 
 vigorous constitution and a frame hardened by healthy labor 
 and temperate habits. In October, while still on crutches, 
 he reported for duty and was assigned to the command of 
 Camp Dennison. While there he was, without solicitation 
 on his part, elected City Solicitor for Cincinnati, when he 
 resigned his commission in the army. By the recommenda- 
 tion of General Sherman and others he had been brevetted 
 Brigadier-General, to take date from July 4th. In 1868 he 
 was elected Probate Judge of Hamilton county, then a 
 highly lucrative office. In the fall of 1871 he resumed the 
 practice of the law in Cincinnati, and the next year received 
 the nomination for Governor by the Republican party. He 
 canvassed the State, and made a most brilliant campaign, 
 and was elected by over 20,000 majority. He is a natural 
 orator of a poetical temperament, overflowing with humor, 
 gifted with the power of pathos, and with a clear, ringing, 
 musical voice. These qualities told with great effect during 
 the canvass. Fourteen years previously he had come into 
 the State a stranger, a young man without means ; but he 
 soon made hosts of friends by his sunshiny, happy disposi- 
 tion, his kindly, courteous manners, and generous, enthusi- 
 astic ardor in all good things, and now he had attained the 
 highest honor within the gift of the people of the great Com- 
 monwealth. Two years later he was again nominated for 
 the office by acclamation, but was defeated by Governor 
 Allen in a majority of but a few hundred in a vote of nearly 
 half a million. The administration of Governor Noyes was 
 marked by generous treatment of his opponents and his 
 speeches by the spirit of conciliation. He was among the 
 first to advocate a general amnesty, while he at the same time 
 demanded civil and political rights for the colored race. He 
 was again a candidate for Governor in 1873, de- 
 
 feated. He, however, received the unanimous vote of the 
 Republicans in the Legislature for the United States .Senate. 
 On February 15th, 1S63, he was married to Margaret Wil- 
 son Proctor, of Kingston, New Hampshire. He is now en- 
 gaged in the practice of law in Cincinnati, and, enjoying a 
 high reputation as a lawyer and a man, commands a large 
 and influential clientelage. 
 

 
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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 235 
 
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 ^OLLIMS, CHARLES IL, Lawyer, was born in 
 Maysville, Mason county, Kentucky, April 15th, 
 1S34.. He was the sixth child in a family of 
 eight children v.’hose parents were Richard Col- 
 lins and Mary A. (Armstrong) Collins. His 
 father, a native of New Jersey, followed through 
 life the profession of law, and also for a time was engaged 
 in mercantile pursuits. In iSoi Richard Collins moved to 
 Clermont county, Ohio, with his father’s family, whence, in 
 after life, he removed to Hillsborough, Highland county, 
 in the same State ; subsequently he settled in Maysville, 
 Kentucky, where, and also in the former place, he became 
 well known as a successful and brilliant legal practitioner; 
 he became also a general of militia, served in the Ohio 
 I.egislature through three terms, was a member of the Ken- 
 tucky Legislature also through three terms, and was the 
 first President of the Maysville & Lexington Railroad ; his 
 decease occurred at his old homestead, in Clermont county, 
 Ohio, in 1855. C. H. Collins’ mother, a native of Mays- 
 ville, Kentucky, was a daughter of John Armstrong, a 
 prominent merchant and one of the pioneer settlers of that 
 county; she died in 1838. His paternal grandfather, John 
 Collins, was an early and widely esteemed settler of Cler- 
 mont county, Ohio; his maternal grandfather died in 1851. 
 Jlis preliminary education was liberal, and received at the 
 Maysville Academy, where he graduated in 1850, at the 
 youthful age of sixteen. After his graduation he became 
 bookkeeper in the house of John W. Ellis & Co., dry-goods 
 merchants, of Cincinnati, Ohio. At the expiration of one 
 year, spent in this establishment, he began the reading of 
 law, under the supervision of Thomas J. Gallagher, a 
 prominent attorney of the Queen City. During the follow- 
 ing four years he devoted himself sedulously to the study 
 of his text-books, and in 1855, after passing the required 
 examination, was admitted to the bar at Batavia, Ohio. In 
 the course of the ensuing year he was elected Prosecuting 
 Attorney of Clermont County, and served in that office for 
 a period of two years. In 1858 he moved to Missouri, 
 settling in Lexington, where he was engaged in professional 
 labors until 1864. In January of this year he returned to 
 Ohio and established his office at Hillsborough, Highland 
 county, where he has since resided, the fortunate possessor 
 of a highly remunerative legal business and the respect and 
 esteem of the bar and the general community. In 1866 he 
 was the Democratic candidate for the position of Common 
 Pleas Judge for Highland, Ross and P'ayette counties. 
 Politically, he is a supporter of Democratic principles and 
 measures, while his religious convictions are embodied in the 
 formula of the Methodist Church. His integrity of character 
 is unassailable; his social demeanor is pleasant and affable, 
 and his literary and professional attainments are of a high 
 order of merit. He was married in 1857 to Mary E. Tice, of 
 Bethel, Clermont county, Ohio, a daughter of C. C. Tice, 
 an early pioneer of that section of the .State. C. H. Collins, 
 in addition to his high standing at the bar, has acquired 
 
 considerable reputation as a writer for the press. His con- 
 tributions both in prose and poetry have been varied and 
 numerous, and he is a standard among his fellow-citizens 
 in matters of literary criticism. 
 
 AITE, HON. MORRISON RENNICK, LL. D., 
 Lawyer, and the present Chief-Justice of the 
 Supreme Court of the United States, was born, 
 November 29th, 1S16, at Lyme, Connecticut, and 
 is a son of the late Henry Matson and Maria 
 Waite; the former was a Judge of the Supreme 
 Court of Connecticut from 1834 to 1854, and from the 
 latter year until 1857 he was Chief-Justice; he died, 
 December 14th, 1869, in his eighty-third year. Morrison 
 completed his education at Yale College, graduating there- 
 from in the class of 1837, among whose members were 
 Hon. Edwards Pierrepont and William M. Evarts. Imme- 
 diately after leaving college he entered upon the study of 
 the law with his father, and remained there until October, 
 1838, when he removed to Maumee county, Ohio, continu- 
 ing his studies in the office of Samuel M. Young, a promi- 
 nent attorney of that section. He was admitted to the bar 
 of Ohio in October, 1839; prior to which date, however, 
 he had formed a business connection with his preceptor, 
 under the firm-name of Young & W'aite, which parlner.ship 
 lasted until 1852. He represented the Maumee district in 
 the lower branch of the Legislature during the years 1849 
 and 1850, and after the expiration of his term, in the latter 
 year, he removed to Toledo, where he has ever since re- 
 sided. In 1858 he associated Richard Waite with him, 
 under the name and style of M. R. & R. \Vaite, which firm 
 continued until 1874. In the year 1862 he ran as an inde- 
 pendent conservative Republican, in the Tenth Congres- 
 sional District of Ohio, against James M. Ashley, the 
 regular Republican nominee, and also against a regular 
 Democratic opponent. The election, however, resulted in 
 Ashley’s being chosen by a plurality of 1127 votes over 
 Waite, although in an actual minority of 4105. On each 
 subsequent election Ashley lost ground through the active 
 and repeated oratorical assaults of Judge Waite, who threw 
 the whole weight of his influence against him until he was 
 finally defeated. In November, 1871, Judge W’aite was 
 selected by President Grant as one of the three counsel to 
 represent the United .States before the Tribunal of Arbitra- 
 tion, at Geneva, Switzerland, his associates being Hons. 
 William M. Evarts and Caleb Cushing. In this position 
 he acquitted himself admirably. He returned from this 
 duty in November, 1872. During this same year his Alma 
 Mater conferred upon him the honorary degree of Doctor 
 of Laws. During the following year he was elected a 
 member of the Convention to Revise the Constitution of the 
 State of Ohio, and on its organization was elected President 
 
236 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL EAXVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 of that body. On January 19th, 1873, on motion of Caleb 
 Cushing, he was admitted to practise as a counsellor at law 
 in the Supreme Court of the United States; and precisely 
 one year thereafter he was nominated by President Grant as 
 Chief-Justice of that august tribunal, and having been con- 
 firmed by the Senate he took the oath of office, March 4lh, 
 1874. Outside of his profession he is regarded as a close 
 student, and consequently of considerable attainments, being 
 especially versed in constitutional law. Me was married, 
 September 21st, 1S40, to Amelia C. Warner. 
 
 'URTIS, HENRY BARNES, Capitalist and Attor- 
 ney-at-Law, Mount Vernon, Ohio, was born near 
 the village of Champlain, New York, on Novem- 
 ber 28lh, 1799. His father, Z.irah Curtis, son 
 of Jothan Curds, a captain in the Revolutionaiy 
 war, was born in Litchfield county, Connecticut, 
 in the year 1762, and at an early age entered the Conti- 
 nental army, under the command of his father, and also 
 served as a warrant officer in Captain Webb’s company, of 
 Colonel Sheldon’s regiment of dragoons, and remained in 
 the service until the close of the war. His mother, for- 
 merly Phalley Yale, was a descendant of the Yales and 
 Hosmers, among the oldest families of Connecticut, and 
 who traced their ancestry beyond the reign of Henry VlII. 
 His, elder brother, the Hon. Hosmer Curtis, died at 
 Keokuk, Iowa, in 1S74, at the age of eighty-five. His 
 younger brother. General Samuel R. Curtis, who com- 
 manded at the battle of Pea Ridge in the late war, died at 
 Council Bluffs, December, 1S66, at the age of sixty-one 
 years. His parents first moved from Connecticut to 
 Charlotte, Vermont, and afterwards to Champlain, settling 
 on a farm on the waters of that lake, near the village of the 
 same name. In 1S09, when Henry was in his tenth year, 
 the family removed to Newark, Licking county, Ohio, oc- 
 cupying two and a half months in the removal, and some 
 years later to a small farm on the waters of South P'ork, in 
 the same county, where the family resided when Henry left 
 home. His father afterwards moved to a farm in W'ashing- 
 ton township, same county, where he died in 1849, his 
 eighty-eighth year, respected and beloved by all who knew 
 liini. Newark was but a small hamlet when the family 
 first settled there, and the opportunities of receiving an 
 education were very limited ; but with that energy and in- 
 domitable perseverance which have since characterized his 
 pursuits in the struggles of life he applied himself diligently 
 to his studies, and was thereby enabled to gain an educa- 
 tion superior to that generally obtained by the youth of that 
 period, and this was further perfected by private tuition 
 during the first year of his subsequent residence at Mount 
 Vernon. While pursuing his studies he rendered all pos- 
 sible assistance to his father in his farm work. This was 
 continued until he arrived at the age of seventeen, when he 
 
 left his father’s home, and with full confidence in his own 
 abilities, which time proved to have been well founded, 
 started on foot for Mount Vernon, where his elder brother 
 resided, determined to fight the battle of life. Here he 
 arrived on April 2Sth, 1817, and entered the town with but 
 twenty-five cents in his pockets. With his brother’s as- 
 sistance he soon gained a situation in the office of the 
 County Clerk of the Court, and by close application to the 
 duties of his position soon secured the appointment of 
 Deputy Clerk, and had also the work of the clerk chiefly 
 to devolve upon him. His official duties brought him in 
 contact with all the prominent lawyers of that day in this 
 part of the State, and by his readiness to please, and prompt 
 and strict attention to and accuracy in business, won for 
 himself their friendly esteem and confidence; and his 
 youthful mind being fired with the glory and honor of 
 the profession, he entered his brother’s office a few years 
 later, as a student, and a]iplied himself diligently to the 
 study of the law. On December 9th, 1822, he was ex- 
 amined by Judges Peas and Hitchcock, of the .Supreme 
 Court, and, having passed with credit to himself, was ad- 
 mitted as a practising lawyer. While yet a law student he 
 was appointed to the responsible position of County Re- 
 corder, which he retained for over seven years. This was 
 of material aid to him, as it at once gave to him position, 
 and after admission to the bar he soon acquired a large and 
 lucrative practice, the proceeds of which enabled him to 
 procure a fine law librarv, of which he well knew the ad- 
 vantages and from which it was necessary for him to derive 
 all possible benefit, to be able to successfully cope with the 
 lawyers of that day, and the result shows how well he ac- 
 quitted himself. His reputation soon gained him a practice 
 extending over many counties of the .State, besides the 
 Supreme and United .States Courts at Columbus. He was 
 admitted to the United .States Supreme Court at Washing- 
 ton on January 9th, 1863, and after having served for one- 
 h.alf a century in his profession he formally retired from 
 the practice of law in December, 1872. July 2d, 1823, he 
 was married to his present wife, then Elizabeth Hogg, for- 
 merly of Durham county, England, but at that time residing 
 at Mount Pleasant, Jefferson county, Ohio. In politics, he 
 is a Republican of the Whig school, and was an active 
 worker in the convention that organized the Republican 
 party in Ohio. While always identified with the party, he 
 has ever preserved his independence and avoided the char- 
 acter of a partisan ; preferring the reputation of a good 
 private citizen and solid business man rather than that of 
 the politician and office-seeker, the arena for which, though 
 often solicited to enter, he always declined. In the session 
 of the winter of 1840-41 he represented his county in the 
 State Board of Eiiualization, and for over twelve years, 
 lately past, was a trustee of the Central Ohio Lunatic 
 Asylum, acting for a greater portion of the time as Presi- 
 dent of the Board, and for the last six years the reports of 
 that institution have been written by him. To him the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 237 
 
 credit is due for the selection of the beautiful site whereon 
 stands Kenyon College, towards the construction of which 
 he gave all the material aid his circumstances would per- 
 mit, in addition to his personal work. While a member of 
 the Board of Trustees of that learned institution he intro- 
 duced and, after some opposition, carried through the reso- 
 lution recommending a survey of the surplus lands, w’hereby 
 they were brought into the market and were made produc- 
 tive of a large income to the college. In 1848 he organ- 
 ized and was appointed President of the Knox County 
 Bank, of Mount Vernon, with a capital of ;^loo,ooo. This 
 establishment was a branch of the State Bank of Ohio, and 
 he continued to hold the presidency during the entire term 
 of its existence, a period of nearly twenty years. During 
 its organization he was an active and influential member 
 of the State Board of Control, which was created under the 
 organic law of the .State Bank of Ohio — a body noted for its 
 talent and financial learning, and for the abilities and elo- 
 quence displayed at its meetings, which were legislative in 
 form and conducted with the strictest observance of Parlia- 
 mentary laws in the proceedings. In 1865 Mr. Curtis 
 organized the Knox County National Bank, of Mount Ver- 
 non, one of the foremost institutions of the city, with a 
 capital of 8150,000, and was unanimously chosen President, 
 a position he has continued to fill to the present time. 
 During the late war he gave great aid and assistance, both 
 pecuniarily and by personal effort, in organizing and equip- 
 ping companies for the Union army, and in maintaining 
 public sentiment in support of the war. Holding the office 
 of United States Commissioner for the Northern District of 
 the United States Courts, his judicial functions were often 
 called into requisition in support of the same cause. In the 
 spring of 1873 appointed by the' President a member 
 
 of the Board of Visitors at West Point, and rendered valu- 
 able assistance in its work. He has ever been one of the 
 foremost citizens in giving encouragement and substantial 
 aid to all projects having in view the material advancement 
 of his adopted city ; not only in helping to build railroads, 
 to increase the business of the city, but especially in the 
 cause of education and in making permanent improvements 
 in the shape of private residences, warehouses and public 
 buildings, all of which are noticeable not only for their 
 solidity, but also for their elegance of design and architec- 
 tural beauty, he himself having made architecture one of his 
 many studies. After having spent three-quarters of a cen- 
 tury in active life, the marks of which bear lightly upon 
 him; and having won the well-earned confidence, esteem 
 and friendship of his fellow-citizens, both poor and rich, he 
 still continues to devote a large proportion of his time to 
 business, which is rendered necessary by his large wealth. 
 Personally, he is a genial, social gentleman; kind of heart 
 and easy of approach from all ; and surrounded by his 
 numerous friends he is enjoying that ease and comfort due 
 him, after his valuable services, at his beautiful home, 
 “Round Hill,” near Mount Vernon, which is situated on 
 
 elevated ground and is noted for its elegance and hos]u- 
 tality. He has, residing in the city, one son, Mr. Henry 
 Lambton Curtis, of the law firm of Devin & Curtis, and 
 two daughters, Mrs. J. C. Plimpton, and Mrs. J. C. Devin, 
 wife of his son’s partner. 
 
 a 'ORD, JOSEPH DANIEL, Prosecuting Attorney 
 
 of Toledo, Ohio, was born, June 25th, 1841, in 
 
 Huron county, near Bellevue, in that State, being 
 
 the youngest son of Daniel B. and Betsy H. 
 
 A~ P’ord. His father, who was a native of New 
 ^ kJ . 
 
 Hampshire, where for many generations his an- 
 cestors resided, was a farmer by occupation, and an early 
 emigrant to Ohio. Mr. Ford received his education in the 
 common schools of his native State and of New Hampshire, 
 at the Normal School of Minnesota, at Winona, and at the 
 Michigan University at Ann Arbor. His instruction was 
 broad and liberal, and his culture in literature and the 
 sciences, as well as in those branches which are called into 
 practice in every-day life, was thorough and comprehensive. 
 Upon leaving school he entered the office of Messrs. Baker 
 & Collins, attorneys, Toledo, as a law student, in the spring 
 of 1865. He remained with them until 1S67, when he 
 was admitted to the bar, and immediately commenced 
 practice, which has been most profitable and most honor- 
 ably conducted ever since, with the exception of one year, 
 when he travelled in the Northwest for the benefit of his 
 health, during 1869. In January, 1S71, he became Pros- 
 ecuting Attorney for Lucas County, Ohio, and has ever 
 since filled that high and responsible station. In that 
 capacity, single-handed, he has conducted examinations and 
 arguments, in the most important criminal trials, against the 
 various members of one of the ablest bars of the State, em- 
 bracing some of the most talented attorneys who have ever 
 appeared before any bench in this country. In a great 
 majority of the cases he has tried, he has secured convic- 
 tions, against the most ingenious defences and against the 
 most powerful array of counsel. Mr.'p'ord, in addition to 
 his forensic and argumentative ability, is remarkably skilful 
 as an examiner and as an analyzer of testimony. His 
 political affiliations are with the Republican party, of which 
 he is an active and influential member. In 1867 he was 
 elected City Solicitor of South Toledo, and was re-electcd 
 in 1870. In 1871 he was chosen Prosecuting Attorney, 
 and so ably had he administered his duties, and so impar- 
 tially, without fear or favor, that the people honored him 
 with a re-election in 1873, and another in 1875. He is 
 generally esteemed for his eminent talent as a lawyer and 
 for his faithful services, and it is (piite probable that his 
 very large constituency destine him for still more respon- 
 sible public trusts. He was first married to Sarah E., eldest 
 daughter of Lorenzo L. Morehouse, of Waterville, Ohio, on 
 June I2th, 1865. This lady did not long survive, having 
 been in very delicate health prior to her marriage. He was 
 
238 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 again married, October I2lh, 1870, to Grace Greenwood 
 Moore, daughter of John A. Moore, a leading dry-goods 
 merchant of Toledo. 
 
 ISIc, MAJOR JAMES SHARON, of the firm of 
 Parker, Wise & Co., Manager of the Memphis 
 line of steamers, was born in Mercersburg, 
 Franklin county, Pennsylvania, February 8th, 
 11^30. While in his boyhood he moved with his 
 parents — who are now living at Westwood, near 
 Cincinn.ati — to Cokunlnis, Oliio. Shortly after settlement 
 there, necessity compelling him to rely upon his own exer- 
 tions and resources for a livelihood, he obtained the posi- 
 tion of Messenger in the Ohio State Senate. That jiosition, 
 secured through the influence of Hon. David Barnett, he 
 filled for two years. James J. Faran, of the Cincinnati 
 Inquirer, was then Speaker of the House. At a. subsequent 
 period, when fifteen years of age, he resolved to seek his 
 fortune in Cincinnati, and after travelling on foot to this 
 citv, halted at the Old Mansion, or Hummel House, on the 
 canal. There he met a friend in the jrroprietor, Mr. Kelsey, 
 who induced Henry Valett to secure for him a place in his 
 brother’s hat store, where he was soon inst.alled as an 
 employe at two dollars and fifty cents per week and his 
 board. While thus employed he obtained, through the in- 
 fluence of an old friend of his family — Colonel Latham, 
 ex-United .States Senator from California — the agency for 
 the Great Western Stage Company, which, in those days of 
 stages, was an important position. The little old frame 
 building, formerly standing near the Gibson House, was 
 used as the office. This position he held for a period of 
 five years, until Colonel Latham again interested himself in 
 his behalf, and secured for him a place under General P. 
 W. Strader, as General Railroad Ticket Agent, the duties 
 of which office he performed for ten years. At the expira- 
 tion of that time, having been offered* favorable terms in 
 the river service, he accepted one of the many offers placed 
 at his disposal, and afterward filled various offices in the 
 steamboat business until the breaking out of the civil war. 
 He then received a Lieutenant’s commission in the loth 
 Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, from Governor 
 Dennison. Sixty days after the receipt of his commission 
 he was appointed by the same official Major of the 4Sth 
 Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. On the day that 
 marching orders were given he was offered one-third of the 
 entire ownership in a steamboat, the offer being based on 
 his desired resignation of his position in the army. After 
 rejecting those proposals, he accompanied his regiment to 
 the field, and was connected with the Army of the Tennes- 
 see until the occurrence of the battle of Arkansas Post. 
 There, on account of sickness, he offered his resignation, 
 desiring to return home. Colonel Cockerill, father of John 
 A. Cockerill, one of the editors of the Cincinnati Inquirer, 
 was then his brigade commander. But his resignation was 
 
 not accepted, while, as a substitute, he was granted leave 
 of absence by General Sherman. Thereupon he started for 
 his home on the steamer “ Continental,” whose captain, 
 John McClay, who had noticed with concern his serious 
 illness, exerted himself to the utmost to aid in re-establish- 
 ing his health, and through his humane efforts probably 
 saved him from death. After passing through a sickness of 
 two months, and being discharged from his office in the 
 army, and also receiving highly honorable mention from 
 General .Sherman, he began to look around again for a new 
 place in the business world. Five months after the battle 
 of Arkansas Post he found himself commander of the 
 steamer “ Eclipse,” a position obtained through the friendly 
 offices of James W. Gaff, Thomas Gaff, and William E. 
 Gibson. In this new river venture he was very successful. 
 Under him th'e “ Eclipse ” entered the Government service • 
 but within a brief period took fire and was shattered by 
 explosion, at Johnstonville, on the Tennessee river. While 
 he was in Washington, District of Columbia, attending to 
 the settlement of the claims of the “ Eclipse ” with the 
 Government, an effort was made by a host of his army 
 friends and others to induce the Government to appoint 
 him Postmaster of Cincinnati, Ohio. In that step, how- 
 ever, success was not achieved, as, owing to divers reasons, 
 he could not accept the position. At the present time he is 
 a member of the firm of Parker, Wise & Co., and is Man- 
 ager of the Memphis line of steamers. I'or the past four 
 years he has occupied a place in the City Council, and re- 
 cently vvas renominated by the Republican party for the 
 same position, and was flatteringly endorsed by the Demo- 
 crats of his ward without opposition. He ran on the 
 Republican ticket in the fall of 1875 for County Treasurer, 
 against a Democratic m.ajority of 7000, and was elected by 
 a majority of 1483, which may be taken as a sufficient indi- 
 cation of the high estimation in which he is generally held. 
 He has filled, also, several corporation offices, and is now 
 First Vice-President of the Cincinnati Chamber of Com- 
 merce, and a valued member of the Society of the Army of 
 the Tennessee. His private and also his public career has 
 been made notable by various remarkable exhibitions of 
 friendship on the part of strangers and friends. All with 
 whom he has been brought into contact have apparently 
 sought, often wdth zealous perseverance, to advance his 
 aims and to further his interests. Through the influence of 
 C. D. Millar, of the Cincinnati Commercial, and William 
 Porter, foreman of the same journal, two of his brothers, 
 who had moved to the city in hopes of bettering their for- 
 tunes, obtained desir.able places in the printing department 
 of the Commercial. One of these brothers. Captain Robert 
 Wise, is now commander of the steamer “ James D. Parker,” 
 and is one of the most popular and successful captains on 
 the river. Warm-hearted and generous to a fault, he takes 
 an admirably liberal view of the opinions and failings of his 
 fellow'-beings, and is widely and affectionately esteemed for 
 his loyalty in friendship and his genial manners and dis- 
 
BIOGRAPlilCAL ENCYCLOl’.EDIA. 
 
 239 
 
 1 
 
 course. Ile.possesses excellent business qualifications, and 
 in his administration of the various affairs which, from time 
 to time, he has conducted, has uniformly secured the end 
 in view and had his labors crowned with gratifying success. 
 He was married June 7th, 1S51, to Jane E. Voids. 
 
 EID, W 1 IITEL.A.W, Journalist, Author, and Lec- 
 turer, was born in Xenia, Ohio, in October, 1837. 
 1 1 is parents were Robert Charlton Reid and 
 Marian Whitelaw (Ronalds) Reid. The father 
 of the former was a native of .Scotland, who emi- 
 grated to this country toward the close of the last 
 century, and settled in Kentucky. Some years later, about 
 iSoo, he bought several hundred acres of land upon the 
 present site of Cincinnati, and removed thither with Ids 
 family. It is related of him that being a stern old Cov- 
 enanter, and a condition existing in tbe deed to his property 
 which required him to ferry the Ohio river once every day, 
 he disposed of his interests there sooner than violate the 
 Sabbath, and removed to Greene county, where he became 
 one of the founders of the town of Xenia. This removal, 
 from one point of view, was not very fortunate for him or 
 his descendants. Whitelaw was fitted for college under the 
 tutorship of an uncle, the Rev. Hugh M'Millan, also a 
 Scotch Covenanter, and a man of scholarly attainments and 
 stern principles. The tutor was a trustee of Miami Uni- 
 versity and Principal of the academy at Xenia. Under his 
 discipline the pupil was well drilled in all that was neces- 
 sary for his entrance into a collegiate course of studies. He 
 entered Miami University at the age. of fifteen, and in his 
 knowledge of Latin ranked with those in the higher classes. 
 He was graduated with honors in 1856, and soon after was 
 made Principal of the graded schools at South Charleston, 
 Ohio, his immediate pupils being generally young men 
 older than himself. The fruits of his labors here confirmed 
 his claim to a high grade of scholarship. He saved enough 
 from his salary to repay his father the expense of his senior 
 year at college. In the year 1857 he bought the Xenia 
 A’ettis, and in the next two years led the life of a country 
 editor. Before this date he had identified himself with the 
 Republican party, and had stumped for Fremont for the 
 Presidency. He was now thoroughly inspired wdth tbe 
 love of journalism, and was rapidly fitting himself for a 
 greater field of labor. He was an admirer of Greeley and 
 a subscriber of' the Tribune. The Nei.vs took a fi)remost 
 rank among the political journals of the State, and its circu- 
 lation doubled under the new management. Although a 
 friend of Salmon P. Chase, his was the first Western news- 
 paper outside of Illinois that advocated the nomination of 
 Abraham Lincoln, and its influence caused the nomination 
 of a Lincoln delegate to the Chicago Convention. He 
 afterwards became a firm friend of the President. He 
 entered so warmly into the exciting political events of those 
 
 years that his health became impaired, and he was com- 
 pelled to bid a brief farewell to his pen and voice and seek 
 relaxation, but only to seek another and less exciting field 
 of labor. This he found in the capacity of an explorer, be- 
 coming one of a party who visited the extreme head-waters 
 of the Mississippi and St. Louis rivers. Returning home, 
 he entered vigorously into the discussion of the issues before 
 the country, and witnessed with pride the success of his 
 cause. Resolving to try his fortunes as a legislative cor- 
 respondent, he visited the capital of Ohio. He had written 
 a series of letters upon his Northwestern trip for the Cincin- 
 nati Gazette. Finally he effected an engagement with the 
 Cincinnati Times, at five dollars a week, to furnish a daily 
 letter — a considerable fraction less than a dollar a day ! 
 Soon an offer came from the Cleveland Herald for the fur- 
 nishing of a daily letter at fifteen dollars a week ; and then 
 another from the Cincinnati Gazette, with a proffer of eigh- 
 teen dollars. Here he displayed his remarkable facility as 
 a correspondent, and he underwent a dry but severe literary 
 discipline that amounted almost to drudgery. At the close 
 of the se.ssion he was given the post of City Editor cf the 
 Gazette. This position he held until McClellan commenced 
 his famous campaign in West Virginia, when he entered 
 upon his career as a war correspondent. His letters to the 
 Gazette, over the signature of “Agate,” have passed into 
 history. The position of Volunteer Aide to General Morris, 
 with the rank of Captain, was given him. Having had a 
 taste of active service in this campaign, he returned to Cin- 
 cinnati and wrote leaders for the Gazette for a time. .Soon 
 he resumed bis position of war correspondent, this time 
 upon the staff of Rosecrans, and bearing his old rank. 
 Being now fairly established as a great journalist and most 
 successful war correspondent, but brief allusion will be 
 made to his subsequent connection with the Western press. 
 His correspondence was copied in every paper throughout 
 the length and breadth of the land. He was chairman of 
 a committee of correspondents that interviewed General 
 Halleck when the latter had a difficulty with the “-gentle- 
 men of the press,” which ended in their withdrawal from 
 the military lines. In the spring of 1862 he visited Wash- 
 ington, and while there was offered the management of a 
 leading St. Louis newspaper. Learning this, the proprie- 
 tors of the Gazette, sooner than lose his valuable services, 
 gave him an interest in their establishment. This laid the 
 foundation of his financial prosperity. He became the 
 Washington correspondent of the Gazette, and was also 
 appointed Librarian to the House of Representatives. The 
 latter he resigned in 1866. He enjoyed the friendship and 
 intimacy of the rriost eminent men in the national councils. 
 Horace Greeley began to admire his genius, and tried to 
 prevail upon him to go to New York. Failing in this, he 
 asked him to take charge of the 7 ribii/ie branch office in 
 Washington, and became his warm friend. His descrijr- 
 tion of the battle of Gettysburg was his grandest effort in 
 war correspondence. In 1865 he went South with Mr. 
 
240 
 
 BIOGRArinCAL ENTYCLOlMiDIA. 
 
 Chase on a tour of observation, and on his return published 
 a book, entitled “After the War; a Southern Tour.” It 
 was well received by critics, and was considered a fair 
 reflex of the condition of the South at that time. During 
 this tour he was seized with the notion to become a cotton 
 planter, and, with this end in view, in the .spring of 1866 he 
 leased three plantations in Concordia Parish, opposite 
 Natchez, with General Francis J. Herron as a partner. The 
 .speculation promised great success ; but about picking time 
 the destructive army worm made its appearance. One- 
 fourth only of the promised crop was saved, but even this 
 brought them out without loss. Not discouraged, he tried 
 it again, this time in Alabama, and again failed even worse 
 than before. During this experience he had not relin- 
 (piished literary work. His spare moments were devoted 
 to compiling “Ohio in the WGr.” This work, comprised 
 in two octavo volumes of over one thousand pages each, 
 contains much statistical and biographical information. 
 Much of the contents may be classed as history. The task 
 of its authorship was a heavy one, and the written war 
 record of no other State approaches it in completeness. It 
 is not a compendium of dry statistics, but vivid war scenes 
 are depicted, interesting correspondence reviewed, and 
 many valuable details laid away for the future historian. 
 In 1868 the unsuccessful cotton planter resumed his position 
 as leader writer for the Gazette. During this time he 
 wrote up the great impeachment trial of President Johnson. 
 Soon Mr. Greeley successfully renewed his offer to the 
 young journalist to enter the staff of the Tribiiae. His 
 salary was only exceeded by that of the founder, and he 
 was subordinate only to his patron. In 1869 he was in- 
 stalled as Managing Editor, and immediately commenced 
 to strengthen his staff with the best journalistic talent to be 
 obtained. The columns of the Tribune., always teeming 
 with the progressiveness of civilization, were now freshened 
 with the advanced thoughts of a little army of literary men 
 and women captained by the new Manager. The origin- 
 ality of thought and the versatility of the contributors made 
 it a magazine as well as a newspaper. The pen of the 
 statesman, the poet, the artist, the political economist, the 
 essayist, the agriculturist, the preacher — all were contribut- 
 ing articles of moment to the entire country. The Tribune 
 w.as no longer sunk in the individuality of Mr. Greeley. 
 It was no longer a partisan journal, full of the caustic utter- 
 ances of the founder. Men of every political and religious 
 creed read the 7 'ribune, and it commands the respect of all. 
 Founded and built by Greeley, it has been modernized by 
 Reid. The radical change in the Tribune dates from the 
 defeat and death of its founder, who was nominated for the 
 Presidency. The young journalist had new honors waiting 
 for him. Of course the idea of a thoroughly independent 
 journal did not meet the views of all who were interested 
 in the Tribune, and a struggle took place which attracted 
 the attention of the intelligent people of the whole country. 
 It ended in a decisive victory for the new management. 
 
 The Editor-in-chief was enabled by the generous ofl'trs of 
 capitalists to obtain complete control of the paper. Many 
 thinking men predicted failure, and many of the best friends 
 of the young editor had their misgivings. The political 
 and literary world watched his course with lively interest, 
 and but few now withhold their admiration of the man. 
 Personally the editor is most courteous, gallant in his bear- 
 ing, and a welcome guest in the most refined society. As 
 a writer he is versatile and vigorous. His private character 
 is above reproach, and aside from the attacks made upon 
 him in his profession, nothing harsh is ever said of him. 
 His scholarly attainments are far above those of the average 
 journalist, and he has frequently addressed, by urgent re- 
 quest, learned societies. His lecture upon “Journalism” 
 has been delivered before various associations. In 1872 he 
 prepared an address, at the request of the Regents of Dart- 
 mouth College, entitled “ Scliools of Journalism.” In 1873 
 he delivered the “Scholar in Politics” before a college 
 society. 
 
 captain ROBERT W., Steamboat Owner 
 g' 4 |l I and Commander, was born in Mercersburg, 
 r If Jjl Pennsylvania, September 13th, 1839, and when 
 O quite young moved with his father, William Wise, 
 c to Columbus, Ohio, where he remained four years. 
 
 He then went to Dayton, in the same State, to 
 live, and remained there five years. His father then set- 
 tled on a farm near Bloomington, Illinois, and Robert 
 assisted in its cultivation and attended the district schools 
 until he reached his thirteenth year. He at that age en- 
 gaged with Charles Merriman, of Bloomington, to learn the 
 printing business, and worked with him four years, when 
 he went to Peoria, Illinois, and was there four years occu- 
 pied as a journeyman printer. In 1853 he came to Cincin- 
 nati and found employment on the Cincinnati Commercial, 
 holding his connection with that journal until the breaking 
 out of the rebellion. He enlisted as a private in the 6th 
 Ohio Volunteer Infantry, serving in the army three years 
 and three months. The business of railroading claimed his 
 attention during the two succeeding years after his return 
 from the field, and upon the expiration of this period he 
 became Second Clerk on the steamer “ Lady Franklin,” 
 and acted in that capacity one year, when he accepted the 
 position of First Clerk on the “ Rebecca,” and held it for 
 two years. The ensuing two years he was First Clerk on 
 the “ Emma P'loyd,” and during a corresponding period 
 immediately after was Captain of that boat. He then built 
 the splendid steamer “James D. Parker,” of which he is 
 still part owner and Captain. There is no vessel engaged 
 on the Western rivers which is more complete in its accom- 
 modations or more elegantly fitted up than this one, and 
 certainly none commanded by a more efficient or more gen- 
 tlemanly officer than Captain Wise. His boat is one of a 
 line making regular trips from Cincinnati to Memphis. He 
 
LIOGRAPIIICAL EXCVCLOr.EDIA. 
 
 241 
 
 has had a thorough experience of river life, and is one of 
 the best known of the Cincinnati boat owners and com- 
 manders. On January 21st, 1865, he was married to Sarah, 
 daughter of Charles Tempk, of that city, by whom he has 
 had four children, all surviving. 
 
 (^y>’ALL, JOHN C., Manufacturer of Furniture, was 
 born in England in 1816. In 1821 he emigrated 
 with his father to America, and settled in Cin- 
 cinnati, Ohio, where, after obtaining a fair edu- 
 cation in the schools of the city, he learned the 
 upholstering and bedding business. In 1837 he 
 purchased the establishment in which he had learned his 
 trade. Since this period he has been constantly engaged 
 in the prosecution of his business, meeting uniformly with 
 great and merited success. He has recently associated 
 with him, at No. iS East Fourth street, James S. Grisard, 
 of Indiana, under the firm-style of Hall & Grisard, and 
 thus secured as a coworker a young man of fine business 
 ability. Within the past five years the house has been em- 
 ])loyed in manufacturing “ Hall’s Patent Folding Furniture,” 
 invented with the design of bringing about a radical change 
 in the expensive habits of life in the homes of men of lim- 
 ited means. The whole philosophy of his invention may- 
 be thus described : the lounge, book-case, wardrobe, sec- 
 retary, or chair of the day becomes at the hour of rest a 
 comfortable bed; his lounge, etc., are readily and easily 
 metamorphosed, and are accordingly valuable, inasmuch as 
 they answer two ends, while, when made use of in one 
 guise, they conceal the characteristic points belonging to 
 them when serving in another. For a period covering 
 about forty years he has transacted business on his own ac- 
 count, and in all that time has never been connected with 
 a case at law in which he has acted either as plaintiff or 
 defendant. He thinks that “reasonable men should be 
 able to settle their differences without the intervention of 
 lawyers, or application to court,” and, illustrating his view 
 of one phase of commercial morality, he asserts that 
 “honest men will meet their obligations, if able, without 
 process of law ; dishonest men can, in the majority of cases, 
 avoid payment of their just dues, even when attacked by all 
 the powers of the court.” During the war of the rebellion 
 he filled several heavy contracts in his department, entered 
 into with the government, supplying the navy on the 
 western rivers and shipping vast quantities of bedding to 
 the Brooklyn Navy-yard. He is a zealous and steadfast 
 Christian and an earnest worker in his church. At the age 
 of twenty-one years he made a compact with himself never 
 to drink intoxicating liquor, swear, or use tobacco in any 
 form, and has yet to reproach liimself for having broken any 
 one of its agreements. To such men the citizens of the 
 Queen City justifiably point with an honest pride; the 
 record of their lives, beginning in obscurity and ending in 
 
 31 
 
 wealth and honor, add lustre to local history and honor to 
 the wider annals of national prosperity. 
 
 ANNOTTA, SIGNOR A., Composer, and Director 
 of the Western Conservatory of Music, was born 
 in Capua, Italy, in 1841. His early education 
 was acquired in Naples. At the age of eight he 
 commenced the study of music, and two years 
 later produced his first notable work in musical 
 composition, whereupon his profession for life was decided. 
 While in his eleventh year, accordingly, he entered the 
 Conservatory St. Pietro Ammaella, at Naples, and there 
 remained eight years. . During that time he was one of the 
 favorite pupils of the great maestro composer, Qaverio 
 Mercadante. He only of his entire family possessed a 
 marked talent for music. During his second year at Naples 
 he became one of the most skilful French-horn soloists in 
 Italy. As a performer on this instrument he was first in- 
 troduced to the American jjeople, at Boston, by Gilmore, 
 the leader and musician. He never became a great piano 
 performer, Mercadante having refused the use of the piano 
 to his pupils, preferring to leave the vast range of combina- 
 tions suggested by that instrument to the conception of the 
 unaided mind. In 1861 he graduated as a composer, and 
 in the following year left Naples, with several friends, to 
 attend the famous World’s Exposition in London. There 
 he became Director of the London Italian Society of Music, 
 and made his debiit in the musical world as a composer, 
 producing, on two days’ notice, a “ Funeral March,” which 
 was received with warm commendations. In 1S63, when 
 the great Italian general and republican. Garibaldi, came 
 to London and was received with such wide spread demon- 
 strations of favor, he composed for his reception “ The 
 Exile,” one of his most favorably received productions. 
 Subsequently, at all the Garibaldi receptions in London, he 
 supplied the music. “ The Exile ” was dedicated to his 
 Grace the Duke of .Sutherland, as a mark of appreciation 
 for the hospitable reception given by that nobleman to the 
 distinguished Italian leader. In 1865 he was induced, by 
 the success of several of his friends in America, to come to 
 this country. After his arrival in New York he engaged 
 in the instruction of private vocal pupils, and in iSfifi 
 moved to Boston, where he became connected, as a vocal 
 teacher, with the New England Conservatory of Music. 
 In 1868 he visited Cincinnati. About this time he intro- 
 duced to the lovers of music of the city the great concerts 
 a la Julien organization, with fifty musicians. This ven- 
 ture was projected and inaugurated prior to the attcinjits 
 made by various maestri and to the first visits of Theodore 
 Thom.as. But, failing to meet with the success necessary 
 to sustain such a venture and the success of his conserva- 
 tory, he returned to Boston in 1869, and in this city ap- 
 peared first in his true role as the composer of “ The Peace 
 
242 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 P'estival,” a grand march, inlroduced by Gilmore at the 
 third concert of the great Jubilee. This, the first original 
 composition produced on that occasion by Gilmore, was 
 received with marked favor by the vast concourse of as- 
 sembled critics and admirers of music, and elicited enthu- 
 siastic commendations as “ a complete and magnificent 
 production.” Later, he returned to Cincinnati, and here 
 succeeded in establishing the Western Conservatory of 
 Music, over which he now presides as director. The finest 
 voices and musical talent which this city has produced have 
 come from under his tuition, and the adoption of the true 
 Italian method there is due entirely to his efforts. Before 
 the appearance of Thomas he met the need of the general 
 community, and introduced the Symphony concerts, lie 
 also first gave to the people of that city the “ Kammer Con- 
 certs,” the “ Musicales Reunions,” the “ Soirees,” etc. 
 Gn the opening of the first Cincinnati Exposition he ap- 
 peared with “ The Exposition March,” prepared for the 
 occasion. It met with an enthusiastic reception. In 1875 
 he appeared in Cincinnati with his pupils in opera 
 “Alidor,” an original composition by him, which placed 
 his reputation as a musician on a solid pedestal. “Alidor” 
 is a historical opera, dealing with the personages and 
 doings of England under the reign of George 1 . He has 
 also composed many songs, marches, masses, etc., all of 
 which are characterized by a commendable degree of ex- 
 cellence and originality. Several of his musical works are 
 now in vogue in Europe, and by the frequency of their 
 production testify to the esteem in which he is held by the 
 connoisseurs of the old world. He is a worthy pupil of the 
 great Mercadante, wholly devoted to his noble profession, 
 and is a musical enthusiast of the highest stamp, whose only 
 ambition is to be honored by his work. 
 
 ijaRIFEITll, THOMAS, Manufacturer, was born, 
 November 7th, 1817, in Warwickshire, England. 
 
 At the age of seven he removed with his family 
 to Oswestry. One year after this he took resi- 
 dence with an uncle in Manchester, who in 1827 
 emigrated to America, taking his nephew with 
 him, first to Philadelphia and then to Baltimore, where for 
 three years he was sent to school. Outside of this school- 
 ing, which was the groundwork for his future business edu- 
 cation, he was self-taught. In 1830 he was apprenticed to 
 Sinclair & Moone, manufacturers of agricultural machinery. 
 He moved to Zanesville, Ohio, in December, 1838; worked 
 as journeyman in Dillon’s edge-tool factory; then with 
 Ebert & Whittaker, machinists, on Sixth near Main street, 
 being there employed in building machinery for their new 
 shop, on South Fifth street, which was started by him on 
 Christmas day, 1S40. He worked as foreman for two 
 vears, then as junior partner about eighteen months, and in 
 March, 1858, he and Mr. Wedge purchased the property. 
 
 and together have since conducted the business, building 
 stationary, steamboat and portable engines, saw-mills, mill 
 machinery and general foundry work. In 1S70 the Vertical 
 Portable Engine, invented by Mr. Griffith’s partner, was 
 patented, and a decided increase in business was the result. 
 New shops were built, new tools purchased, increasing 
 the manufacturing facilities. A short description of the 
 Vertical Portable Engine may not be out of place. The 
 boiler is horizontal, the engine vertical, and so placed that 
 there is no strain ; the wearing parts are cast steel, light and 
 durable; the points gained are strength, simplicity, safety 
 and durability. Mr. Griffith was married. May 20th, 1S38, 
 to Eliza Lee, a native of Baltimore, Maryland, who died in 
 1872. He was again married, December 27th, 1873, to 
 Ella Cochran. Thoroughly in earnest in whatever he un- 
 dertakes, and a close observer, perseverance under diffi- 
 culties and constant attention to business have brought 
 him the success deserved. He is now County Commis- 
 sioner; has served fifteen years as Trustee of the Water- 
 works; is Director of the Brown Manufacturing Company, 
 and is looked up to as a leading man in the city and 
 county. The honorable position he now holds, not only in 
 business, but also in society, is due to unflinching deter- 
 mination to do and have done what was right. 
 
 ICKMAN, FR.'\NKLIN J., Lawyer, was born in 
 Petersburg, Virginia. He was fitted for college 
 at the Petersburg Classical School, under the in- 
 struction of Rev. Fh D. Saunders, late of Phila- 
 delphia, and in the same class with General 
 Roger A. Pryor. At the age of sixteen he en- 
 tered the junior class of Brown’s University, Rhode Island, 
 graduating with the salutatory honors; among his class- 
 
 mates were the Hon. S. S. C6x and ex-Lieutenant-Governor 
 Francis Wayland, of Connecticut. He read law in the 
 office of Hon. Charles S. Bradley, late Chief-Justice of 
 Rhode Island, and was there admitted. In 1857 he was 
 the candidate of th- Democratic party of Rhode Island 
 for Attorney-General. In 1858 he was appointed a member 
 of the Board of Visitors at the West Point Military Acad- 
 
 emy, and was also appointed Secretary, and in that capacity 
 was the author of the report of the Board that year. In 
 1858 he came to Cleveland and engaged in his profession. 
 In 1861 he was sent to the Legislature, and in that body 
 was Chairman of the Committee on Railroads. At the 
 close of his legislative term he formed a partnership with 
 the Hon. R. P. Spaulding, and resumed the practice of his 
 profession. In 1867 he was appointed District Attorney 
 for Northern Ohio, but resigned in 1869, in order to devote 
 himself exclusively to private practice. He is a gentleman 
 of well-known literary tastes, extended reading and classical 
 attainments, which only serves to extend a knowledge of 
 the law. This, taken in connection with exemplary habits 
 

 t 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EAXVCLOP.EniA. 
 
 243 
 
 and high moral character, all resting upon an intelligent 
 religious basis, gives promise of the most honorable results. 
 In December, 1862, he was married to Annie E., only 
 daughter of Robert Neil, of Columbus, Ohio, and has three 
 children now living. 
 
 ALLMADGE, DARIUS, Banker, and one of the 
 founders of the “ Western Stage Coach Company,” 
 was born in Schaghticoke, Rensselaer county. 
 New York, June 30th, 1800. He was the young- 
 est child in a family of fourteen children, and was 
 left an orphan when but ten years of age. He was 
 a direct descendant of one of four brothers who emigrated 
 from Wales to this country, and who are supposed to be the 
 progenitors of all the Tallmadges in the United States. One 
 of these brothers settled in New Jersey, there striking from 
 the family patronymic one / and the d. From this branch 
 sprang the popular Brooklyn minister. Rev. T. De Witt 
 Talmage. Among the names of the original rrantees, or 
 purchasers of town lots at the settlement of New Haven, in 
 1639, were those of Robert and James Tallmadge. The 
 history of the latter is unknown, but several of the descend- 
 ants of Robert have resided in New Haven, in unbroken 
 succession, from that time to the present day, a period of 
 nearly two centuries and a half, while many have I'emoved 
 to various portions of the Union, and filled places of honor 
 and trust in the civil and military service of the country. 
 The descendants of many of the collateral branches who 
 have removed from the old home of their ancestors are now 
 numerously represented among the respected citizens of New 
 York, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Wisconsin, Ohio and Michi- 
 gan — the two latter .States having towns named in their 
 honor, viz. : Tallmadge, Ottawa county, Michigan, and Tall- 
 madge, Summit county, Ohio. It is a source of pride that 
 while many of the family have been called to fdl places of 
 honor and responsibility under both State and national 
 governments, not one has ever betr.ayed his trust, or brought 
 reproach upon the name. The longevity also of this family 
 is remarkable : not a single head of family, in the lineal suc- 
 cession which has been traced, has died at a less age than 
 seventy years; and the aggregate age of the five generations 
 is three hundred and ninety-six years, or an average of over 
 seventy-nine years for each person. Darius’ first employ- 
 ment was that of a teamster, hauling bricks during the con- 
 struction of the great cotton factory df Schaghticoke, and 
 when but twelve years of age he engaged in wagoning goods 
 from Troy to M hitehall, a distance of one hundred miles. 
 His next venture made him a tiller of the soil, on the farm 
 of an elder brother, but quickly discovering the incongruity 
 of this vocation, and “ quite tired of farming, and restless, 
 anxious to get away, and see if something would not pre- 
 sent itself that would enable him to make money a liitle 
 faster,” he disregarded the w,nrnings of his brother, and, 
 bidding farewell to the old farmstead, began a pilgrimage 
 
 I 
 
 alike eventful and creditable. His first rest by the wayside 
 was at the residence of an uncle, Henry Hoffman, in 
 Dutchess county, near Ithaca, New York. Here, to his 
 amazement, he was solicited to take charge of the district 
 school, and although having had but limited educational 
 advantages himself, he, with characteiistic self-confidence, 
 accepted the situation, and during two quarters sustained the 
 role of educator. He subsequently returned to farming, and 
 in 1S25, in company with a friend, started on foot for the 
 far West, as Ohio and Kentucky in those distant days were 
 denominated. On reaching the Allegheny river, the trav- 
 ellers purchased a skiff, and continued their journey down 
 this stream until they arrived at Pittsburgh, where passage 
 was taken on a keel boat down the river. M.aysville, Ken- 
 tucky, was reached April ist, 1825. Here he at once en- 
 gaged in driving horses to the New Orleans market, but the 
 emoluments of several trips proving meagre and insignifi- 
 cant, he relinquished that business without having in any 
 perceptible way bettered his fortunes. He then, through the 
 generosity of a Kentuckian, Mr. Blanchard, was enabled to 
 purchase a horse and dray, with which he labored for six 
 months; at the expiration of that time he removed to Tarl- 
 ton, Ohio, and began the business of buying and driving 
 horses to New Orleans. In Clinton, at a later period, he 
 came in contact with William Neil, of the Ohio St.age Com- 
 pany, and after brief negotiation, was employed as agent 
 of the company at a salary of four hundred dollars per 
 annum. His tireless industry, unswerving fidelity and 
 habitual promptitude soon produced their legitimate result ; 
 his salary was increased to twelve hundred dollars per 
 annum, and his field expanded so as to cover half the State. 
 After serving as agent for a period of six years, he took an 
 interest in the company', and also became sole proprietor of 
 what the company deemed its “ poor contracts” in Southern 
 Ohio, and from which by unremitting Labor and attention he 
 reaped a munificent harvest. William Neil, who had in- 
 vested but three hundred dollars in this enterprise, was for 
 ten years his silent partner, and ultimately retired with a 
 share amounting to twenty-five thousand dollars, in addition 
 to the heavy dividends which he had received in the mean- 
 while. “Mr. Tallmadge, in connection with W. S. Sulli- 
 vant, D. W. Dcshler, and Peter Campbell, of Columbus, 
 Peter and John Yoorhes, of Dayton, J. S. Alvoid, of Indi- 
 anapolis, Indiana, and K. Porter, of Wooster, Ohio, inaug- 
 urated the Western Stage Company. Their operations were 
 at first entirely confined to the State of Indiana, but the 
 advancing tide of civilization, with its railroads and other 
 improved modes of Irav'el and transportation, crowded the 
 company successively into Iowa, Missouri, and Kansas, 
 enjoying, however, in each Stale, a period of success and 
 prosperity. This company was truly regarded as the most 
 influential and powerful corporation in the Western States, 
 holding a monopoly in those sparsely settled regions equal 
 to that of any railroad now running through the same 
 country. The enterprise was very remunerative to its pro- 
 
244 
 
 BIOGRAFIIICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 jectors, having ‘ paid for itself’ without a dollar being in- 
 vested by the owners of the stock, and was closed with 
 princely returns Init five years since, their property for dis- 
 tribution being very valuable, consisting as it did of real 
 estate in Indianapolis, Des Moines, Sioux City, Council 
 Bluffs, and other places along the route of their early opera- 
 tions, in which they had invested.” When staging in Ohio 
 began to collapse as a remunerative business, the initial 
 murmur of the coming California gold fever spread through 
 the country, and he, ever ready to take advantage of the 
 opening of any new and lucrative enterprise, immediately 
 sent one hundred horses across the plains, and fifty stages 
 around the Cape to the land of fabulous treasures. These 
 horses, sent to California for the purpose of establishing a 
 stage route there, were taken across the plains by his young- 
 est son, James .Vugustus Talhnadge, who never returned, 
 but went to South America, and died in Valparaiso, Chili, 
 in the twenty-fourth year of his age. In 183J he removed 
 to Lancaster, Oliio, and there in 1847 projected a branch of 
 the .State Bank of Ohio, of which he served as President, 
 and also during the existence of the charter of the .State 
 Bank, served as a member of its .State Board of Control. 
 By his nicety of management in monetary matters while 
 thus employed, he acquired the reputation of being one of 
 the most accurate financiers in the .State. In the course of 
 time and events he passed through sever.al periods of per- 
 sonal pecuniary embarrassment, “ any one of which alone 
 would have crushed an ordinary man.” Ultimately, how- 
 ever, he surmounted all adversities, and in his later years 
 not only recovered his own financial prosperity, but was 
 Toremost willi both money and Labor in carrying out al] 
 public enterprises for the benefit of his town. It was 
 through his individual instigation and exertion that the 
 magnificent mineral resources of Hocking and Perry coun- 
 ties were primarily developed, and he was ever in the front 
 rank, with voice, hand, and money, in the maturing of 
 projects destined to contribute to the safety and welfare of 
 his fellow-citizens. “ For more than forty years, it may be 
 truly said, Lancaster never had a citizen who gave more 
 attention and labor to its material advancement, or employ- 
 ment to more men needing it because of their impecuniosity.” 
 Again, “ Much of the prevailing taste exhibited here, much 
 that is beautiful and healthful in artificial additions to the 
 natural advantages of the city, have resulted from the exam- 
 ples and the labors of Mr. Talhnadge in being really the 
 pioneer in these matters. He was exceedingly benevolent, 
 especially in middle life. His private charities were boun- 
 tiful. Churches and benevolent societies ever found him 
 liberal. Want ot education alone interfered with a demon- 
 stration of a most remarkable natural power of mind. He 
 would have been great in any sphere, hut could show his 
 notable natural capacities only in the practical pursuits of 
 life. A man of strong prejudices, firm convictions, intense 
 purpose, large heart, strong will, and unimpeachable integ- 
 rity, he was kind and true to his friends, while unrelenting 
 
 to enemies.” He was a valued member of the Masonic 
 organization, and through life was noted-for his punctilious 
 devotion to its more_ important requirements ; and was a 
 prominent feature of the assemblage gathered together on 
 the occasion of the laying of the corner-stone, by the bro- 
 therhood, of the new Central Lunatic Asylum, at Columbus, 
 Ohio,. In February, 1873, three months subsequent to the 
 first attack of pneumonia, at his own request, while on his 
 sick-bed, he was baptized by Rev. T. R. Taylor, of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. He was married at the age 
 of twenty-one, to Sarah A. Wood, daughter of Jonas Wood, 
 who resided near Ithaca, New York. She died in 1S49, an 
 amiable Christian woman, and a member of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church. About eighteen months afterward he 
 w.as again married, to Elizabeth Creed, of Lancaster. He 
 had two sons, one of whom, as before stated, died in South 
 America; the other, Theodore Tallmadge, is now a resident 
 of Columbus, Ohio, and well known and respected in Lan- 
 caster, and throughout the State of Ohio. He died at his 
 rooms in the Tallmadge House, Lancaster, Ohio, on March 
 27th, 1874. Numerous obituaries, sketches, editorials, etc., 
 were published, concerning his life, works, and eventful 
 career, after his demise. The obsequies were of the most 
 impressive nature, while the solemn funeral ceremonies 
 attracted a large concourse of people from all parts of the 
 city and the surrounding region ; .and the discourse preached 
 by Rev. J. R. Boyd, March 29th, 1S74, in the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church at Lancaster, Ohio, was forcible, eloquent 
 and pathetic. At the grave the Masonic ritual was con- 
 ducted by Judge Virgil Shaw, Past Master of the Lancaster 
 Commandery. 
 
 l^UNT, HON. JOHN ELLIOTT, Pioneer, Major- 
 General of the Ohio militia, ex-Postmaster of 
 Toledo, Ohio, etc., was born in P'ort Wayne, In- 
 diana — within the fort — April llth, 1798. He 
 was the seventh child in a family of eleven chil- 
 dren, whose parents were Thomas Hunt and 
 Eunice (Wellington) Hunt, of Watertown, near Boston. 
 His father was an active participant in the first battle of the 
 Revolution, at Lexington, and was wounded in the action 
 at Bunker Hill, Boston, Massachusetts. He was also one 
 of the foTlorn hope under General Wayne at the storming 
 of Stony Point, on the Hudson, and was there wounded by 
 a bayonet in the calf of his leg. He was then commissioned 
 M.ajor by General Washington, for gallant and meritorious 
 conduct, and afterward was successively commissioned 
 Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel of the old Continental hirst 
 Infantry Regiment, by Thomas Jefferson. Subsequently he 
 was ordered with his regiment from Detroit, Michigan, to 
 take possession of St. Louis, .Missouri, where he commanded 
 from 1803 to 1807. Dn the banks of the Missouri, fifteen 
 miles from this city, he constructed a cantonment, and 
 named it Bellcfontaine. In .St. Louis, also, he died, his 
 
7 ^ 
 
 

 
BIOGRAnilCAL ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 
 
 245 
 
 faithful wife following him to the grave about three months 
 after his demise; they both lie in Bellefontaine. In later 
 years a cemetery was laid out about eight miles back of St. 
 Louis, and is known as Bellefontaine. They left a family 
 of eleven children. The eldest, Henry J. Hunt, who at that 
 time was nineteen years of age, went with three h renchmen 
 in a pirogue from Detroit, Michigan, to St. Louis, Missouri, 
 leaving the subject of this sketch and the rest of the children 
 with various relatives scattered from Fort Wayne, Indiana, 
 to Boston, Massachusetts. In 1812, when his brother-in-law. 
 Dr. Abraham Edwards, of D.ryton, Ohio, was appointed 
 Surgeon-General to the army of General Hull, John Elliott 
 went to live with his brother, Henry J. Hunt, in Detroit, 
 Michigan, and witnessed HuH’s surrender to the British 
 army under General Brock. He was present also at the 
 retaking of Detroit, Michigan, by General Harrison. While 
 in his fourteenth year, his brother, who was as a father to 
 the children, sent him to Sandwich, Canada, to secure at 
 least an elementary education, no schools being then in ex- 
 istence in Michigan. His student life in Canada, as well 
 as all the schooling ever received by him, was embraced 
 within the limits of one year. He was the first beholder 
 of the landing of the celebrated travellers, Lewis and Clark, 
 from their three years tour to the Pacific Ocean in 1S06. 
 In 1816 he settled in Maumee City, then the capital of 
 Wood county, Ohio, on the Miami of the Lake, and there, 
 and in Toledo, in the same State, has since permanently 
 resided. His first vote was cast at the Presidential election 
 in which Hem-y Clay figured, and was given in favor of that 
 eminent statesman ; he subsequently voted at the ensuing 
 Presidential election in favor of General Jackson, and his 
 views concerning the proper policy of the American nation 
 are expressed in the code and principles of the Jeffersonian 
 Democratic element. He was twice elected to the Senate 
 of Ohio, and was elected a Senatorial Delegate to form the 
 Constitutional Convention in 1849-50. For a period of 
 eight years he held the office of Postmaster of Toledo, Ohio, 
 and was elected Major-General of the Ohio militia, by the 
 I.egislature in 1S37, since which time he has lived in retire- 
 ment, secluded from the ceaseless whir and turmod which 
 characterize the rapid and marvellous development of a 
 people and interests whose incoming he has seen, whose 
 growth he has noted with an intelligent and unflagging so- 
 licitude. Thus he expresses himself, white with the snows 
 of many years, loved, esteemed, and revered : “ I was born 
 at the head of this river, I shall ere long be buried at its 
 foot.” But a few simple words, yet they hold to a reflective 
 mind, the varied incidents and circumstances of his career 
 and life being passed in swift review, a wondrous kaleido- 
 scope where are seen vivid pictures of adventurous pioneers 
 and hostile Indians, British assailants and American defend- 
 ers, log school-houses now replaced by stately institutes of 
 learning in marble and in everlasting granite, great states- 
 men of the olden time, lonely rivers whose very courses 
 were almost unknown which are now crowded with sails 
 
 and smoke-stacks, forests and prairies in whose gloomy 
 recesses and rank grass the wolf, the wild cat and the 
 buffalo were, now the sites of teeming cities : all this and 
 more, do those simple words evoke from the historic past, 
 and give food for grave, sweet thought, to the patriot of 
 to-day. He was married. May 29th, 1822, to Mary Sophia 
 Spencer, sister of Mrs. General Cass, wife of General Gov- 
 ernor Cass, of Michigan, at whose house the marriage cere- 
 mony took place ; she is a second cousin, also, of Chief- 
 Justice Waite, now on the bench. 
 
 ^ ENTON, GENERAL SIMON, one of the Pioneers 
 of the valley of the Ohio, and a soldier of the Revo- 
 lution, was born, March, 1755, in Fauquier county, 
 Virginia. His father emigrated from Ireland, and 
 his mother was of Scottish descent, her ancestors 
 having been among the first settlers of Virginia. 
 His parents being in middling circumstances, he was em- 
 ployed till the age of sixteen years in the cultivation of corn 
 and tobacco. At that period an incident occurred which 
 changed the destiny of his future life. A neighbor’s son 
 had married a lady to whom he was attached, and with him 
 young Kenton had a series of personal rencontres which 
 terminated in the complete discomfiture of his adversary, 
 who exhibited no signs of life at the close of the last 
 combat, determined him to flee from home without even 
 seeing or consulting his parents or friends. He crossed the 
 Allegheny mountains, April 6 th, 177G ^1 Ise’s Ford 
 
 changed his name to Simon Butler. Having met three men 
 who were preparing to descend the Ohio river, he joined 
 them, being possessed of a good rifle, the fruit of hard labor, 
 and with them proceeded as far as Fort Pitt, now Pittsburgh. 
 Here he formed a friendship with the notorious Simon Girly, 
 who was the means, at a future period, of his rescue from 
 the Indians, when doomed to the stake. Accompanied by 
 a single companion, he descended the Ohio as far as the 
 mouth of the Great Kanawha river, and ascend!. ig the Elk 
 river, they built a camp, and passed the winter in trapping, 
 selling their peltries to a French trader. They remained at 
 this point until the spring of 1773, when, attacked by the 
 Indians, the party became separated. Kenton with a com- 
 panion, both being wounded, reached the mouth of the Great 
 Kanawha river, where they met another party who dressed 
 their wounds. Here they entered the employ of Mr. Bris- 
 coe, who was then endeavoring to form a settlement on the 
 flreat Kanawha, contemporaneously with the lounding of 
 Wheeling, Grave Creek, and Long Reach. Kenton, with 
 his first earnings, procured a good rifle, and immediately 
 joining a trapping party, proceeded to the Ohio. In I 774 > 
 an Indian war being imminent, he with others repaired to 
 Fort Pitt. Lord Dunmore, Governor of Virginia, having 
 raised an army to chastise the aggressors, Kenton was em- 
 ployed as a .s])y to precede the troops and report the condition 
 
246 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.L;r)IA. 
 
 of the country. After the enemy had been chastised, a treaty 
 was made with them, but no sooner had the troops with- 
 drawn than the treaty was brohen. Colonel Lewis was now 
 sent to chastise the enemy, Kenton being again employed as 
 a scout. On his discharge from this service he resumed his 
 old pursuits of trapping, in the course of which his party, 
 with the aid only of their tomahawks, cleared a small piece 
 of ground, which they planted with corn, and which yielded 
 them a supply of thi.s edible. This spot, called Kenton’s 
 Station, was about one mile from the present town of Wash- 
 ington, in Mason county, Kentucky. He passed the winter 
 with a settler named Stoner, about forty-five miles south 
 of his former locality, and in the spring, the American 
 revolution being in progress, and the natives stimulated by 
 the British to destroy the infant settlements, the white men 
 were obliged to flee. Kenton joined Major (afterwards 
 General) George Rogers Clark, sent out by Virginia to pro- 
 tect the settlers. Kenton again accepted the position of spy 
 or scout, and by his faithful discharge of his arduous duties 
 proved himself worthy of the confidence reposed in him; he 
 was always successful in giving the fort timely notice of a 
 meditated attack, and to assist in preparing fir defence. He 
 next accompanied Major Clark on an expedition to Okaw, 
 or Kaskaskia, where they surprised the French commander 
 and took possession of the fort. He was then despatched to 
 ascertain the strength of the fort at Vincennes, which having 
 accomplished, after three days’ lurking in the neighborhood, 
 he sent one of hfs companions with the intelligence to Clark, 
 while he and another repaired to Harrodsburg. He next 
 joined several expeditions under Daniel Boone, and signal- 
 ized his courage to the. entire satisfaction of that celebrated 
 pioneer. In 1778 he was one of the company with Alex- 
 ander Montgomery and George Clark in an expedition to 
 Ohio, with the avowed purpose of obtaining horses from the 
 Indians. Proceeding cautiously to Chillicothe they fell in 
 with a drove of horses, captured seven and made for the 
 river. But the Indians soon overtook them, killing Mont- 
 gomery and capturing Kenton ; Clark escaped. After un- 
 heard of tortures, he was doomed to the stake, from which 
 fate he was rescued by Simon Girty, previo'usly mentioned, 
 who persuaded the Indians to carry him to Smdusky. On 
 his way thither, the compassion of the celebrated chief, 
 Logan, was excited in his behalf, and at his instigation a 
 Canadian Frenchman appeared at the council of Upper San- 
 dusky, who succeeded in having him taken to Detroit and 
 delivered up as a prisoner of war to the British. Here he 
 was lodged in the -fort, where his health was soon restored, 
 and where he earned some money through dint of hard 
 work. Passing the winter of 1778-79 mostly in inactivity, 
 he grew restless, and forming a plan of escape, in company 
 with two companions, effected his object, being assisted 
 thereto by a lady of the neighborhood, the wife of an Indian 
 trader. After a journey of thirty-three days they reached the 
 falls of the Ohio, July, 1779. Kenton thence proceeded on 
 foot to Vincennes to join his old comjranion. General Clark, 
 
 but finding the fort in a quiescent state, he returned. Dur- 
 ing the invasion of Kentucky by the British and Indians in 
 1779, he was appointed a Captain, and, commanding an 
 active and numerous company of volunteers, he distinguished 
 himself in that campaign. After this company was disbanded 
 he remained in the employ of the several stations till 1782. 
 At this period he heard, for the first time, of his long- 
 abandoned parents, and of his former opponent, who had 
 recovered from the effects of their mutual encounter. He 
 now assumed his own name, and, after commanding another 
 successful expedition against marauding Indians on the 
 Great Miami, he concluded to make a settlement on a fertile 
 spot on Salt river. A few families joined him, reared block- 
 houses, cleared ground and planted corn, which being 
 gathered, he concluded to visit his parents. His glowing 
 descriptions of the fertility of Kentucky induced his parents 
 to accompany him on his return, but his father died ere the 
 journey was accomplished. He remained at Salt river till 
 17S4, and thence removed to near Maysville, where he 
 formed the first permanent station on the northeast side rf 
 the Licking river. Many emigrants were attracted to the 
 spot; and the Indians were kept at b.ay by the activity and 
 intelligence of the master-spirit of Kenton, who was ever 
 foremost when danger threatened. His opponent was some- 
 times the celebrated chief Tecumseh, whose tact and in- 
 trepidity he was sometimes powerless to conquer. In 1793 
 Major Kenton joined the army under General Wayne, which 
 was variously employed. Emigration now set in, as the In- 
 dian wars had ceased, and large numbers settled on the 
 banks of the Ohio. Kenton was regarded as a large real- 
 estate owner, yet his land-claims failed one after another, 
 as he was ignorant of the law and how to protect his inter- 
 ests. In the year 1800 he abandoned the soil which he 
 had rendered tenantable by his courage and endurance, and 
 settled on Mad river, Ohio. In 1805 he was made Brigadier- 
 General of militia. In 1813, when his old companion. Gov- 
 ernor Shelby, came to Urbana at the head of the Kentucky 
 troops, Kenton could no longer remain inactive, but became 
 a member of the Governor’s military family. He crossed 
 the lake and accompanied General Harrison and Governor 
 Shelby to Malden, and thence to the Thames; was present 
 in the b.attle, and played his part with his usual intrepidity. 
 Here ended the military career of General Simon Kenton, 
 a man who probably passed through as great a variety of 
 border adventures as any of our most renowned Western 
 pioneers. This condensed narrative, were it prepared at 
 length, would form a volume not less interesting than the 
 most marvellous fiction. Before his death the govern- 
 ment granted him a meagre pension, which secured him 
 from absolute want in his declining years. His hospitality 
 was always commensurate with his means; during his pros- 
 perity his house was ever open to the wealthy emigrant 
 or the benighted traveller. He was a member of the 
 Methodist Church, which he joined in 1810. He died in 
 Logan county, Ohio, Aprii 3CI, 1836, aged about eighty-two. 
 
BIOGRAnilCAL ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 
 
 247 
 
 MICHAEL, Manufacturer, was born at 
 Plain Top, Stark county, Ohio, January iSlh, 
 1821, being the son of Abraham and Elizabelli 
 (Kr)'der) Halm. Mis means and opportunities for 
 obtaining an education were very limited, his 
 school days having been passed in Bucyrus, 
 Crawford county, Ohio. When he attained his majority he 
 went to Columbus. This was in March, 1842, and he there 
 commenced his apprenticeship to the cabinet-making trade. 
 On January 1st, 1844, he started in business for himself, and 
 has ev'er since continued it. While he has had to encounter 
 many trying obstacles, and has been the victim of some mis- 
 fortunes, his career as a manufacturer may on the whole be 
 characterized as a very successful one. lie started in busi- 
 ness with no capital but skill and energy. He secured loans, 
 and was able to repay them entirely within three years, 
 having in the meantime secured to himself and family a 
 comfortable home. In 1856 his factory was destroyed by 
 lire, and he sustained a loss of thirteen thousand dollars. 
 In 1861 his establishment was a second time burned out, 
 and his losses were largely above his insurances. Since 
 then he has prospered by a strict attention to business and 
 through a studious effort to win patronage by turning out a 
 superior quality of goods. During the rebellion he served 
 in the Union army for eight, months. He has held few 
 places of public trust and responsibility, but where he has 
 served in an official capacity, he has discharged his duties 
 with intelligence and fidelity. He is quite largely interested 
 as a stockholder. Director and President, in a number of 
 prosperous business corporations, and is an enterprising and 
 public-spirited citizen. He was married on March 14th, 
 1844, to Mai-y A. Markley, and has two married daughters 
 and one single ; also three single sons, and five grandchil- 
 dren. He became religious in early life, and attributes all 
 his successes to temperance, religion, and devotion to God. 
 He has given for charities and benevolent purposes thou- 
 sands of dollars, and has thereby, while helping others, en- 
 riched himself with a consciousness of having done what he 
 could for the amelioration of the condition of his fellows. 
 He has been an Odd Fellow for many years, passed all its 
 chairs and received all its honors, and is sincerely devoted 
 to its principles of “ visiting the sick, relieving the distressed, 
 burying the dead, and educating the orphan.” 
 
 vjR.ANT, ULYSSES S., eighteenth President of the 
 United States, was born, Apiil 27lh, 1822, at 
 Point Pleasant, Ohio, descending from Scotch 
 ancestry. He passed his boyhood in the village 
 of Georgetown, Ohio, whither his parents removed 
 in 1823, and by the appointment of Hon. Thomas 
 L. Harmer, Congressman, entered the Military Academy at 
 Mest Point in 1839. His name originally was Hiram 
 Ulysses but the certificate of appointment to the academy 
 
 was made out for Ulysses S., and the latter has been ever 
 since recognized as his name. He graduated in 1843^ hav- 
 ing in his studies shown a marked jiroficiency in mathe- 
 matics. He ranked twenty-first in a class of thirty-nine, 
 and was made a brevet Second Lieutenant of infantry, being 
 attached very soon after as supernumerary Lieutenant to the 
 4th Regiment, stationed at that time in Missouri. In the 
 summer of 1845 he accompanied this command to Texas, 
 where it joined General Taylor’s army, and on September 
 30th was made a full Lieutenant. His first service on the 
 field of battle was at Palo Alto, May 8th, 1S46, and subse- 
 quently he participated in the engagements at Resaca de la 
 Palma and Monterey, and at the siege of Vera Cruz. In 
 .■\pril, 1847, he was appointed Quartermaster of his regi- 
 ment, and for conspicuous gallantry at the battle of Molino 
 del Ray, September 8th, 1847, he was made a First Lieu- 
 tenant on the field. He was brevetted Captain for his con- 
 duct at Chapultepec, to date from that engagement, which 
 occurred September 13th, 1S47. After the capture of the 
 City of Mexico he returned with his regiment. In 1848 
 he married Julia T. Dent, sister of one of his classmates. 
 In 1852 he accompanied his regiment to California and 
 Oregon, and while at Fort Vancouver, August 5th, 1853, 
 was commissioned full Captain. On July 31st, 1854, he re- 
 signed and removed to St. Louis, cultivating a farm near 
 that city and engaging in business as a real estate agent. 
 In 1859 he was emplo.yed by his father in the leather trade 
 at Galena, Illinois. Upon the breaking out of the Rebellion 
 he took the command of a company of volunteers, with whom 
 he marched to Springfield, Illinois, being there retained as 
 an aid to Governor Yates, and acted as mustering officer 
 of Illinois volunteers until he became Colonel of the 21st 
 Regiment, his commi.ssion dating from June 17th, 1861. 
 He joined his regiment at Mattoon, organized and drilled 
 it at Caseyville, and then crossed into Missouri, where it 
 formed part of the guard of the Hannibal and Hudson Rail- 
 road. He was on July 31st placed in command of the troops 
 at Mexico, forming part of General Pope’s force, and on 
 August 23d was promoted Brigadier-General of Volunteers, 
 the commission dating back to May 17th, and assumed at 
 once the command of the troops at Cairo, who were re- 
 inforced shortly after by General McClernand’s brigade. 
 On September 6th he seized Paducah, at the mouth of the 
 Tennessee, and .Smithland, at the mouth of the Cumber- 
 land, on the 25th. His proclamation to the people of Pa- 
 ducah announced that he had nothing to do \\ ith opinions, 
 but should deal only with armed rebellion, its aiders and 
 abetters. He checked the advance of the Confederate 
 General Jeff Thompson on October 21st, 1861 ; this being 
 accomplished at the battle of Fredericktown, Missouri. 
 When Halleck assumed command of the Department of 
 Missouri in the following December, Grant was assigned to 
 the control of the District of Cairo, which was then one of 
 the largest districts in the West. In February of 1862, at 
 the head of 15,000 men, he started on his memorable march 
 
mOGRAPlIICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 r48 
 
 for the capture of Forts Henry and Donelson.the former of 
 which commanded the Tennessee river, and the latter the 
 Cumberland. The gun-boats of Commodore P'oote, assisted 
 by Grant’s army, compelled the surrender of Fort Henry on 
 P'ebruary 6th. Fort Donelson was only captured after a 
 severe • engagement on February 15th, in which the land 
 forces under Grant distinguished themselves. The title of 
 “ Unconditional Surrender Grant,” which he bore through- 
 out the war, dates from this event. His terms of capitula- 
 tion to the rebel General Butler being, “ No other than an 
 unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted. 
 I propose to move immediately upon your works.” The 
 capture of this stronghold, and a very large portion of its 
 defenders, may be regarded as the first substantial triumph 
 of the Federal arms. Grant became the hero of the day, 
 and the admiration of his martial skill was no less general 
 than the admiration for the terse and pointed manner in 
 which he couched the terms cf capitulation. He was com- 
 missioned Major-General of Volunteers for his great services 
 rendered in these engagements, the commission dating from 
 I'ebruary l6th, 1862, and in a very few days an army of 
 40,000 men, which had been sent up the Tennessee by 
 General Halleck, was jilaced under his command. The 
 memorable battle of Pittsburg Landing commenced at day- 
 break on April 6th, 1862, when Grant’s army which was 
 preparing for an attack on Corinth was itself surprised by an 
 overwhelming force under General A. S. Johnston and 
 routed from its camp with heavy loss. Grant did not arrive 
 on the field until 8 A. M., when he succeeded in re-forming 
 the lines, and having been reinforced during the remainder 
 of the day by General Buell, renewed the battle himself on 
 the following morning, completely defeating the enemy at 
 every point and recovering the prisoners and stores which 
 had been lost on the previous day. In a few days he began 
 the siege of Corinth, to which the Confederate troops had 
 retreated after the battle, and in the latter part of May, 1862, 
 succeeded in driving them from that stronghold. By the 
 recall of Halleck to Washington on July nth Grant became 
 commander of the Department of Tennessee, with his head- 
 quarters at Corinth, and on September 17th he ordered an 
 advance from thttt place to intercept General Price, who 
 had concentrated a large force at luka. Here on Septem- 
 ber 19th a hot battle was fought, and a complete victory for 
 the Federal arms gained. Grant pushed to the Ohio river 
 to obstruct General Bragg’s force, leaving General Rose- 
 crans in command of Corinth, where he was attacked by 
 the Confederates, Price and Vandorn, and succeeded in re- 
 pulsing them with heavy loss. General Buell with a por- 
 tion of Grant’s command intercepted Bragg at Perryville 
 October 8th, and routed his command in a hot engagement, 
 and compelled his retreat to Fast Tennessee. The fall of 
 1862 was devoted by Grant to efforts for the reduction of 
 Vicksburg, the Gibraltar of the Mississippi, which were un- 
 successful. In December he moved his army down the 
 east side of the river, defeating in the ensuing April the 
 
 enemy in the actions of Raymond, Jackson, Champion’s 
 Hill and Big Black, and preventing the junction of the Con- 
 federate Johnston’s forces with those of Pemberton at Vicks- 
 burg. On May 1 8th, 1863, he laid siege to that city, and 
 on July 4th it fell into his hands, together with 27,000 pris- 
 oners of war. I'or that strategic action he was promoted to 
 the rank of Major-General in the regular army, and in the 
 succeeding October assumed the command of the Military 
 Division of the Mississippi, which then comprised the de- 
 partments commanded by Sherman, Thomas, Burnside and 
 Hooker. His reinforcement of Sherman on the Big Black 
 river enabled that General to drive the Confederate forces 
 under Johnston out of Jackson, Mississippi. Chattanooga 
 being threatened by Bragg, Grant concentrated his forces 
 for its defence, carrying by assault the Confederate positions 
 on Missionary Ridge and Lookout Mountain, respectively, 
 on November 24th and 25th. Upon the retreat of Bragg’s 
 forces Grant sent relief to Burnside, then at Knoxville, which 
 was closely invested by Longstreet, who was quickly com- 
 pelled to retreat. Congress in its sess,ion of 1863-64 passed 
 a resolution providing that a gold medal be struck for Gen- 
 eral Grant in honor of his achievements, and returning 
 thanks to him and his army. New York and Ohio passed 
 similar measures. On March 1st, 1864, Congress revived 
 the grade of I.ieutenant-General, and President Lincoln at 
 once nominated General Grant for the position, the Senate 
 confirming the nomination on the following day. On his 
 arrival in Washington March 9th, 1864, Grant received his 
 commission from the President, and on the 17th issued his 
 first general order announcing that he had assumed com- 
 mand of the armies of the United States, with his head- 
 quarters in the field, and until further orders with the Army 
 of the Potomac. This was the first time during the Rebel- 
 lion that one General commanded all the national troops; 
 and with nearly 700,000 men at his disposal. Grant planned 
 two campaigns which were to be directed simultaneously 
 against vital points of the Confederacy. One of these cam- 
 paigns was to be under General Meade, with orders to 
 operate against Richmond, then defended by Lee; the other 
 to be under General Sherman, and to be directed against 
 Atlanta, defended by General Johnston. At midnight on 
 May 3d, 1864, the advance was made towards Richmond, 
 and the army under Grant of 140,000 men pushed into the 
 Wilderness and commenced that series of terrible engage- 
 ments which are better known as the Seven Days’ Fight, 
 Lee was apprised of this movement on the 4th, and boldly 
 taking the offensive tried to strike the Federal forces on 
 their march. The immediate result was a bloody battle, 
 which temporarily foiled Grant’s attempt to interpose his 
 army between Lee and Richmond. He made a second ad- 
 vance by the left flank, being again met by Lee at Spottsyl- 
 vania, and after a terrible struggle, which was only a partial 
 success, he repeated the movement and was again con- 
 fronted by Lee on the North Anna river. A fourth advance 
 brought him before the impregnable rifle-pits of Cold Plarbor, 
 


BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 249 
 
 anil after an unsuccessful assault on these, he once more 
 moved his army by the left flank, crossing the James river, 
 sending a despatch to the Government at Washington, “ I 
 propose to fight it out on this line if it takes all summer.” 
 His losses in the campaign from the Rapidan to the 
 James, covering the period from May 3d to June 15th, 
 amounted to 54,551 in killed, wounded and missing, while 
 Lee's losses were about 32,000. When Grant made his 
 first advance towards Richmond, he announced that fact 
 by despatch to General Sherman, who then opened his cam- 
 paign against Atlanta, and commenced his historic “ March 
 to the Sea.” Grant’s flanking movements being foiled, with 
 Lee still in the open field before Richmond, with which he 
 had con.stant communication, the problem of the war in 
 Grant’s estimation was narrowed down to the siege of Peters- 
 burg, which he now began. While this siege was in pro- 
 gress there were other diversions of the campaign in Mary- 
 land and Virginia, in which Sheridan figured prominently. 
 Johnston in Georgia was unable to check the advance of 
 Sherman, and his successor in command. General Hood, 
 was compelled to evacuate Atlanta and lost his army before 
 Nashville. The siege of Petersburg ended after the Federal 
 victory at Five Forks. In April, 1865, Richmond was 
 evacuated by the Confederates, and I.ee retreated westward 
 toward Danville closely pressed by Grant, who finally com- 
 pelled his surrender at Appomattox Court House on April 
 9th, Sherman forcing Johnston’s surrender only a few days 
 before. These unconditional surrenders of the only two 
 Confederate forces then organized i}i the field virtually 
 closed the war. On July 25th, 1866, Grant was commis- 
 sioned General of the United States Army, Congress having 
 created the rank for him. On August 12th, 1867, he acted 
 as Secretary of War ad interim, when President Johnson 
 suspended Secretary Stanton from office, holding the posi- 
 tion until January 14th, 186S, the Senate having refused to 
 sanction the removal of Mr. Stanton. President Johnson 
 desired Grant to retain the office notwithstanding the action 
 of the Senate, but the General clo,sed a tangled correspond- 
 ence relating to the affair in a terse and very plain letter 
 announcing his refusal. The National Republican Con- 
 vention on May 21st, 1868, at Chicago, made, on the first 
 ballot, the unanimous choice of General Grant as its nominee 
 for President of the United States, selecting Schuyler Col- 
 fax as his associate on the ticket. The result of the electoral 
 vote was as follows ; Grant and Colfax, 214; Seymour and 
 Blair, 80. President Grant after his inaugural commenced 
 to carry out the policy of reconstruction of the lately rebel- 
 lious .States which Congress had mapped out. In 1871 he 
 urged the annexation of Santo Domingo, and secured to the 
 United States a lease of the Peninsula and Bay of Samana 
 for fifty years, but it being claimed that the treaties con- 
 cerning Santo Domingo had not been confirmed by a popular 
 vote of its people. President Grant, in conformity with a re- 
 solution of Congress, appointed a commission to visit .Santo 
 Domingo and report upon the condition of the country, 
 
 32 
 
 government, and the people. Although their report was 
 favorable to annexation, the Senate refused to confirm the 
 treaty. During 1872, the last year of his first term as Presi- 
 dent, the Court of Arbitration, which, with the approval of 
 the English Government, had been appointed to decide the 
 Alabama claims, concluded their labors at Geneva on Se])- 
 tember 14th, awarding the gross sum of $15,500,000, to be 
 paid by the British Government to the United States for 
 damages to American commerce by Confederate cruisers 
 fitted out in British ports. The treaty with Great Britain 
 providing for this international arbitration was negotiated 
 by the cabinet appointed by President Grant. The President 
 enforced the provisions of the 14th amendment to the Con- 
 stitution, and on October 17th, 1871, suspended the writ of 
 habeas corpus in the northern counties of South Carolina, 
 which had been the scene of what are called the Ku-klux 
 outrages. In the same year he appointed a Commission on 
 Civil Service Reform, which devised a plan for rendering 
 the civil service of the Government more efficient; this, after 
 trial, has been abandoned. On June 5th, 1872, the National 
 Republican Convention, at Philadelphia, renominated Presi- 
 dent Grant by acclamation, Henry Wilson, of Massachu- 
 setts, being selected as nominee for Vice-President. Horace 
 Greeley and B. Gratz Brown were the candidates of the 
 Liberal Republicans and Democrats. The result of the 
 election was a popular majority for Grant of 762,991 over 
 Greeley. The Forty-second Congress doubled the President’s 
 salary, making it $50,000 per annum, increasing the salaries 
 of the Vice-President, Speaker of the House, Justices of the 
 Supreme Court and Heads of Departments 25 per cent. 
 
 I rjlLI.MORE, ELISHA E., Wholesale and Retail 
 Li Hardware Merchant, was born in Clinton county, 
 
 New York, May 23d, 1812. His parents, natives 
 of Connecticut, moved thence to New York in 
 1793. His father was a farmer in moderate cir- 
 cumstances. He was the recipient of the ordi- 
 naiy education obtainable in the country schools of his day, 
 and pursued his studies during the winter, while in the sum- 
 mer_ months he assisted in the labor of the farm. Upon 
 attaining his fifteenth year he went to what was then called 
 “ Black Rock,” now a portion of Buffalo, New York, where 
 he found employment as a clerk in a store with the firm of 
 McPherson & Bird. At the expiration of seven years spent 
 in this capacity, he was offered a position as bookkeeper and 
 
 salesman in the hardware store of Patterson Brothers, in 
 Buffalo, which he accepted and occupied for about one 
 year. At this time, 1835, the firm opened a branch house 
 in Zanesville, Ohio, and he was intrusted with its man.age- 
 ment, the firm then consisting of Patterson Brothers, E. E. 
 Fillmore, .'nd John B. Graham, of New York, under the 
 style of Fillmore, Pattersons & Co. At the expiration of 
 two years Mr. Graham purchased the interest of Patterson 
 
250 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENX’YCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 Brothers, and the firm was continued under the name of 
 P'illniore & Co. Three years later he became the owner, 
 by purchase, of Ids partner’s interest, and sustained the busi- 
 ness alone until 1863, when he associated with him his son, 
 William A. I'illmore, and his nephew, William A. Cassel, 
 adopting the firm-name of E. E. Fillmore & Co., by which 
 the house has since been known. For eight consecutive 
 years he was a Director of public schools, and in 1859 "'‘is 
 elected County Commissioner. To the latter position he 
 was re-elected in 1863, and in 1866 was again re-elected, 
 vacating the office finally in 1869. He was instrumental in 
 organizing the First National Rank of Zanesvdle, and has 
 been one of its Directors from the date of organization down 
 to the present time. In 1857, in connection with other co- 
 workers, he assisted in reorganizing, under the name of the 
 Ohio Iron Company, an iron works which had previously 
 been projected and established. Of that company he was 
 elected a Director, and ultimately he was selected to fill the 
 Presidential chair, an office stiil held by him. The company 
 started with a capital of seventy-five thousand dollars, and 
 now has over a half million of dollars invested in its works. 
 Its products find a market throughout the entire Western 
 country. He is also a stockholder in the Cincinnati & Mus- 
 kingum Valley Railroad, of which he was a Director from 
 1870 to 1873. He has recently completed a very large ware- 
 house on Main .street, Zanesville, which is one of the orna- 
 ments of the city, and as a mercantile building unsurpassed 
 in the State. He is intimately identified with the real-estate 
 interests of his town, and owns a very handsome country 
 residence, situated on the outskirts of the city. He was 
 married, August 30th, 1836, to Margaret Arthur, daughter 
 of Rev. William Arthur, a prominent and able Presbyterian 
 minister of Zanesville. By her he has had five children, 
 thi'ee of whom are now living; of these, one son is asso- 
 ciated with him as a business partner; another is employed 
 in his house as a clerk; the third is a daughter. 
 
 
 {'■0 
 
 
 ■|j^ E.VRSON, JOSEPH, Lawyer and ex-Judge of Pro- 
 bate for Miami County, Ohio, was born, in 180S, 
 at Carlisle, Cumberland county, Pennsylvania. 
 His early education was obtained at the common 
 schools of his native place, and when he had ar- 
 rived at the proper age he was apprenticed there 
 to learn the trade of saddler. When he was nineteen years 
 old he removed to Ohio and settled at Troy, in Miami 
 county; there he worked industriously at his just-acquired 
 trade, but he was equally industrious aside from his me- 
 chanical calling. All his leisure lime was occupied in add- 
 ing to the limited education he had heretofore been able to 
 secure. After a while he began to read law in the hours 
 when he was not working at his trade. His reading was so 
 thorough and effective that eventually he was admitted to 
 the bar. The business of making saddles was then relin- 
 
 quished for the business of the lawyer. He was successful 
 in the practice of his profession, and grew rapidly into the 
 favor of a large and influential class of patrons, so that in a 
 comparatively short time he was in the enjoyment of an ex- 
 tended and lucrative practice. He continued his residence 
 in Miami county, and was several times called upon to fulfil 
 the duties of Justice of the Peace there, and throughout all 
 the many terms during which he held that office he per- 
 formed all its duties in the ablest and most satisfactory man- 
 ner. In 1854 he was elected Sheriff of the county, and held 
 the position until 1858. In i860 he was elected Probate 
 Judge, and was re-elected to the position in 1S63. During 
 the six years that he served in that capacity his official acts 
 were such as to win the highest commendation of all parties. 
 Judicial honors were accompanied by military, and he rose 
 to the rank of Colonel in the State militia. He was married 
 in the year 1838 to Maria Ludlow, of Cincinnati ; five chil- 
 dren, four sons and one daughter, resulted from the union. 
 The daughter died in childhood, but the sons all survive, 
 Hon. Joseph E. Pearson being the third. 
 
 AJOR, FR.VNCIS W., Physician and Surgeon, was 
 born, April 2d, 1814, in ITanklin county, Ken- 
 tucky. His father, George Major, was a native 
 of Virginia, and removed with his father to Ken- 
 tucky in 1790, studied law, and practised for 
 many years at the Frankfort bar. Of his four 
 children Francis was the only son. The family is of Nor- 
 man origin, and of very ancient lineage, tracing its ancestry 
 back directly to Archbishop Major (pronounced Manger), 
 of Rouen, the uncle of William the Conqueror. The Arch- 
 bishop, on account of Papal despotisms, abdicated his sec, 
 and removed to the island of Guernsey, where he met with 
 and formed an attachment for a lady by the name of Guilte, 
 who was greatly renowned for her beauty and accomplish- 
 ments ; and without the sanction of the church they were 
 married and raised a large family of children, some of whom 
 accompanied the Conqueror to England, where they re- 
 mained. From one of the family sprang Sir Mathias Major, 
 who obtained a grant of arms (see “ Patronymica Britan- 
 nica ” ), and was lineal ancestor of Richard Major, Esq., of 
 Hurdsley, Hampshire county, England, whose daughter, 
 Dorethy Margaret, married Richard, afterwards Lord Pro- 
 tector Cromwell. After the restoration of Charles 11 . , 
 Richard Major migrated to America and settled in York- 
 town, Virginia, in the year 1660. Francis, the fifth in de- 
 scent from the American founder of the family, and whose 
 name heads this article, after completing his education en- 
 tered the Transylvania Medical College, and graduated from 
 that institution in 1834. He soon afterwards located in 
 Paris, Kentucky, where he enjoyed a very select and remu- 
 nerative practice until 1847, when he removed to Coving- 
 ton, in the same State ; in that city he remained in the prac- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL encvclop.l;dia. 
 
 251 
 
 tice of his profession until 1861. In that year he removed 
 to Lexington, and remained there for a period of three years. 
 In 1S64 he was banished from the State of Kentucky on ac- 
 count of his sympathy with the cause of the rebellion, al- 
 though he had committed no overt act against the govern- 
 ment. He then took up his residence at Hamilton, Ohio, 
 and speedily gained an extensive professional practice, and 
 a wide circle of friends. At Hamilton he has continued to 
 reside ever since. He occupies a high and enviable position 
 in his profession ; is a man of cultivation and learning, and 
 eiijoys the confidence and respect of the entire community. 
 In 1840 he married Ann F. Smi.h, of Paris, Kentucky; she 
 died in 1847, leaving him two sons. In 1854 he married 
 his present wife, Ellen C. Dudley, of Cincinnati, and the 
 fruit of this marriage has been two children, a son and a 
 daughter. 
 
 OLDSHITH, ALBERT, Wholesale Clothing Mer- 
 chant, was born in the city of Hanover, Germany. 
 His father, Moses Goldsmith, was a successful 
 Hanoverian merchant ; twenty years ago, after 
 putting his estate and business interests in the 
 hands of his children, he retired from active life. 
 This is a practice largely in vogue in parts of Germany. 
 The parent gives up his entire estate to his children, secur- 
 ing a sufficient amount against uncertain changes, on which 
 a certain annuity is to be paid by the children for his sup- 
 port. A similar plan might in many instances be followed 
 in this country. The subject of this sketch is the youngest 
 of a family of six children, and until the age of fifteen most 
 of his time was spent in school. Leaving his studies he 
 was put in a mercantile house to learn business. For this 
 business education and learning his father paid a regular 
 fee, which practice yet exists to a very great extent in that 
 and other parts of Germany and Europe generally. At the 
 age of eighteen he entered a dry-goods jobbing house in 
 Hanover as a travelling salesman, which position he occu- 
 pied for six years. Before Prussia extended her authority 
 over the kingdom of Hanover it was customary for a young 
 man starting in any business to serve a regular apprentice- 
 ship, perfect himself in his trade by travel and work, and 
 undergo an examination as to his ability and fitness before a 
 regularly authorized board. This wise regulation was car- 
 ried out in all pursuits, and although a slow process, it pro- 
 duced a superior, reliable and skilful race of business men, 
 and doubtless largely accounts for the remarkable thrift of 
 American Germans. Mr. Goldsmith now began to con- 
 sider the propriety of emigrating to the United States. The 
 opportunities to make great fortunes in the dominions of 
 King William are few and far between. The man of mod- 
 erate means seldom, and the poor man never, rises there. 
 Through the urgent demands of a brother who had jire- 
 ceded him and his own ambition, he at length determined 
 to come to America. In 1864 he landed at Cincinnati, and 
 
 immediately entered the house of Mack & Brothers, after- 
 wards Mack, Stradler & Co. In this establishment he re- 
 mained as a travelling salesman until 1870. In travelling 
 among Western merchants he soon discovered one of their 
 greatest inconveniences — the necessity of going East for 
 their youths’ and boys’ clothing. Then there was only one 
 house in Cincinnati doing but a small business in that line ; 
 none in St. Louis, and, in fact, little of the trade was sup- 
 plied anywhere in the West. This induced him to plan the 
 establishment of a manufactory of youths’ and boys’ clothing 
 in Cincinnati on a scale suited to the demands of the West. 
 During his travels as a salesman in 1865 he became ac- 
 quainted with and married Sarah Wolff, of Mount Vernon, 
 Ohio. 'Ihe following year this good lady died. In 1SG8 
 he was again married to Carrie Katzenberger, daughter of 
 L. Katzenberger, of Cincinnati. His business plans were 
 approved by his father-in-law, who joined him at once with 
 his own capital, and the house of Katzenberger & Goldsmith 
 was formed. Their capacity to supply the want long felt 
 in this line of goods soon became known, and in a few 
 months their trade sprang up far beyond their expectations, 
 which induced them in 1871 to add to their firm Mr. L. 
 Loeb, a merchant of large experience and considerable 
 means. After the success of this house was seen to be as- 
 sured, other establishments of the kind started up in Cincin- 
 nati and other Western cities, but this establishment has 
 maintained its position as first house of the kind of any im- 
 portance west of the Alleghenies. The manufacture of 
 youths’ and boys’ clothing has become one of the large busi- 
 ness interests of Cincinnati, and in it this house takes the 
 position of pioneer. They now give employment to five or 
 six hundred men, women and children, and extend their 
 trade over the greater part of the Territories and Western 
 and .Southern States. Mr. Goldsmith is a member of many 
 social associations, and has held many prominent positions 
 in the societies of the church of which he is an active mem- 
 ber. Few men, hardly yet passed into the prime of life, and 
 certainly fewer commencing at such a late date in this 
 country, can present such a career of business success, or 
 occupy so enviable a position in business and social circles. 
 
 IGELOW, LORIN, M. D., was born in Vermont, 
 February 12th, 1792. He is of English extrac- 
 tion. His father was a ])reacher, a mechanic and 
 a larmer. His early educational advantages were 
 few, but at the age of eighteen he attended the 
 Chesterfield Academy, in New Hampshire, where 
 he became acquainted with the languages. Having a love 
 for the profession of medicine, he resolved to enter upon a 
 course of study. Having accomplished his purpose, he com- 
 menced to practise in Westmoreland county, Tennsylvania. 
 Twelve years of his early life were passed in Pennsylvania, 
 but he had formerly resided in Ohio. He returned to Ohio, 
 
252 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL EA’CVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 and settled on the same farm at Palmyra, Portage county, 
 where he now resides with a son. He was married in 
 1814 to Amy H. Oldham, a native of New Hampshire, and 
 six children blessed the union, only three of wdrom — all 
 sons — survive. He practised at Palmyra with great success, 
 and is now one of the most venerable of its retired citizens. 
 In politics he is a Democrat. During the years 1849-50 
 and ’51 he represented his fellow'-citizens in the State 
 Legislature, and assisted in the adoption of the revised State 
 Constitution. He was quite prominent in local politics, 
 and as a member of the Legislature performed an important 
 part in the regulation of the school law, an instrument 
 which was the subject of much agitation at the time. He 
 was twice married. 
 
 OUDON, JAMES, Farmer, Major-General of the 
 Ohio State Militia and ex-State Senator, was 
 born in Henry county, Kentucky, October 2ist, 
 1796, and was the oldest of three children whose 
 parents were John Loudon and Dorcas (Master- 
 son) Loudon. His father, a native of Washing- 
 ton county, Pennsylvania, follow'ed through life agricultural 
 pursuits, and was a participant, under General Wayne, in 
 the battle of Fallen Timbers. He died in Henry county, 
 Kentucky, where he had settled in 1794. His paternal 
 grandfather w'as actively engaged in association with the 
 patriots during the Revolutionary struggle. His maternal 
 grandfather, John Masterson, w'as one of the body-guards 
 of General Washington, and was intimately identified with 
 colonial measures and efforts. His mother was a native of 
 Washington county, and one of a family whose male mem- 
 bers w'ere prominent throughout the troublous period of 
 uprising. In 1806 he moved with his mother to Brown 
 county, Ohio, settling at a point distant about six miles east 
 from Georgetown, on the farm of Neil Washburn, whence, 
 at the expiration of four years, he and the family removed 
 to Arnheini, Brown county, where a farm was rented and a 
 residence maintained for a period of about two years. His 
 mother was then again married to Joshua Jordan, one of the 
 earlier pioneer settlers of the country, whereupon the family 
 moved to River Hill, on the Ohio river, a short distance 
 below Ripley. Here he made his home during the ensuing 
 fourteen years, employed in laboring on the farm, and 
 during the summer months of five or six of those years in 
 clerking in dry-goods stores, while river occupations con- 
 sumed his time through the winters. His first boating was 
 on the Ohio, in the old keel-boat line. In the fall of 1813 
 he made a trip to the salt works on the Kanawha river; the 
 next fall he made a trip from Cincinnati to Pittsburgh, and 
 attempted to go to the head of navigation on the Allegheny 
 river, but after getting up about sixty miles found there was 
 not water enough to allow the boat to pass over the shoals; 
 so the boat had to wait for a rise in the river, and the men 
 went back to Pittsburgh. Here he found his old boat 
 
 loaded with iron and ready to descend the river. He took 
 a situation on the boat as a hand ; arriving at Cincinnati 
 the freight for that port was discharged and preparations 
 made to descend to Louisville. The captain desired very 
 much to have him continue on the boat, and offered him a 
 clerkship; so he continued on to the port aforesaid, and, 
 after “keeping boat” a few weeks, was discharged. Thus 
 ended his keel-boating; and now, in the year 1876, he con- 
 fidently believes himself to be the last survivor of that 
 strong, hardy, daring race of men who carried on the com- 
 merce of the Ohio valley in keel-boats, propelled against 
 the current by long poles, with heavy iron sockets on the 
 lower end, and a round smoothed knob, turned from the 
 root of the laurel, to fit the shoulder, on the top end. In 
 the fall of 1818, and also in 1819, he made trips to New 
 Orleans in what were then designated broad horse-boats, 
 afterwards called fialboats. On both these occasions he had 
 to work his way home on foot through the wilderness and 
 two savage nations of Indians. He made many other trips 
 to that southern centre in the same class of boats, and was 
 always lucky enough to find a steamboat to return in. In 
 1820 he associated himself with William Butt and David 
 Ammen in the printing of a newspaper at the little village 
 of Levana, two miles below Ripley, on the Ohio river, and 
 in July of that year the Benefactor made its appearance. 
 This was the pioneer newspaper of Brown county. His 
 connection with the paper continued one year; he then 
 sold his interest to one of his partners, and the paper was 
 removed to Georgetown, where its publication was con- 
 tinued for many years. Although his early education had 
 been excessively limited in both degree and kind, his read- 
 ing and .study and one year’s drilling with the composing- 
 stick at the type-case, together with keen powers of obser- 
 vation, counterbalanced to a considerable degree the lack 
 of primary training. In 1822 he taught a country school, 
 with more satisfaction to his employers than to himself. In 
 the fall of this year his friends elected him to the office of 
 Coroner of the county. In 1824 he was re-elected to the 
 same office. In 1826 he was elected Sheriff of Brown 
 County, and re-elected to the same position in 1828, thus 
 serving his county as Coroner and Sheriff eight years. He 
 was married, July nth, 1826, to Elizabeth Chaj-man, a 
 native of Brown county, Ohio, a daughter of Henry Chap- 
 man, one of the early pioneers of the country, who came 
 from Kentucky in 1800. He was a native of Pennsylvania 
 and an active participant in the war of 1812. In 1831 he 
 was employed in a dry-goods store in Georgetown. In the 
 spring of 1832 he left Georgetown and settled on his farm, 
 about four miles .south of this place, and engaged in general 
 agriculture, taking a hand himself in any branch incident 
 to the business. In 1S34 many of his friends urged him to 
 be a candidate for the lower House of the Ohio Legislature; 
 he finally consented to stand a poll, and was elected. In 
 1835 he was re-elected to the same place. This year 
 trouble arose between the authorities of the State of Ohio 
 


BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOILEDIA. 
 
 253 
 
 and those of the Territory of Michigan, in regard to the 
 northern boundary of Ohio. A long and threatening cor- 
 respondence was kept up between Governor Lucas and the 
 Department of State at Washington. Governor Lucas 
 called an extra session of the Legislature of Ohio, which 
 met in |une of that year; at this session General Loudon 
 took a very active part in support of the claim of Ohio, and 
 indorsed the course of her Governor. He was greatly 
 pleased to see in the course of a year Michigan Territory 
 changed and admitted into the Union as one of the States, 
 agreeing of course to the boundary lines as claimed by 
 Ohio. This forever settled that vexed question, leaving 
 Ohio in possession of the mouth of the Maumee bay and 
 the ground on which the beautiful city of Toledo stands. 
 In 1836 he was again elected to the lower House of the 
 General Assembly. At this session he took an active part, 
 and probably did more than any one else, in electing his 
 friend, William Allen, to the United States Senate. March 
 2d, 1837, having been previously elected by the Legislature, 
 he was formally commissioned Major-General, by Governor 
 Vance, and given command of the 8th Division Ohio 
 Militia. In 1S42 he was elected to fill a vacancy in the 
 Ohio Senate, occasioned by the resignation of Senator 
 P'oose, of Clinton county. In 1843 he was re-elected to 
 the same position and served two terms, during 1843-44-45 
 and ’45. In 1849 he was elected a delegate from Brown 
 county to the Constitutional Convention ; was made Chair- 
 man of the Committee of Finance and Taxation, and suc- 
 cessfully carried through the Twelfth Article, and it became 
 a part of the Constitution. He addressed the people in 
 every township in his district, and urged them to vote for 
 the adoption of the Constitution. When his labors termi- 
 nated with that deliberative body he returned to his farm, 
 intending never again to mingle in the arena of politics; 
 nor would he, if it had not been for the terrible rebellion 
 that came upon the country. On the arrival of the news 
 that Fort Sumter was fired upon, and that the wicked war 
 had begun, he declared his ardent love for the “old star- 
 spangled banner,” and, like his political godfather, “ Old 
 Hickory,” swore “ By the Eternal, the Constitution must 
 be preserved.” From that time he was outspoken in his 
 denunciations of the rebel spirit. South or North, doing all 
 in his power to encourage the patriotic sentiment of the 
 country. In 1863 the Republicans and Union men of his 
 Senatorial district held a convention to select a candidate 
 for State Senator, and in his absence gave him a unanimous 
 vote for that position. On being notified of the action of 
 the convention, he accepted the nomination and took early 
 steps for a vigorous canvass. Although he had to encounter 
 a Democratic majority of some 1500 votes, he was elected. 
 He took his seat in January after the election, and for two 
 years gave his best efforts to the cause of the country. He 
 was the sitting member of his district in the Ohio Senate 
 when the news was received that General Lee, of the Con- 
 federate army, had surrendered himself and command to 
 
 General Grant, which event terminated the war. Since his 
 retirement from the last-mentioned office he has led a 
 tranquil and secluded life in his home at Georgetown. He 
 is a firm believer in the Christian religion, but never at- 
 tached himself to any particular denomination. From 1S24 
 to i860 he was a “ hard-money Jackson Democrat.” Since 
 the outbreak of the rebellion he favors the Republicans. 
 
 WiVlEATMAN, HON. THOMAS H., Banker and 
 Bresident of the Cincinnati Pioneer Association, 
 I ; L was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, July Sth, 1S05. 
 
 He was the only son of Griffin Yeatman and 
 Jane Yeatman. His father, one of the early 
 pioneers of Ohio, was born in Westmoreland 
 county, Virginia, March 8th, 1770; at the time of his 
 arrival, June 27th, 1793, in what is now justly entitled the 
 Queen City of the West, it was scarcely more than a village 
 of a few thousand inhabitants; he was the first Free Mason 
 initiated in Cincinnati, Ohio, and remained an active mem- 
 ber of the Masonic organization until the day of his de- 
 cease, March 4th, 1849; he held various offices of trust in 
 the city, and for twenty-seven years served as Recorder of 
 Hamilton County. His son, Thomas H. Yeatman, received 
 his education under the tuition of Rev. Joshua H. Wilson, 
 Caleb Kemper and Edmund Harrison, of the Lancasterian 
 ■Seminary; at the age of sixteen he graduated, under Presi- 
 dent Elijah Slack, at the Cincinnati College. He then left 
 his home, and through the assistance of General William 
 Henry Harrison, afterward President of the United States, 
 received the appointment of Midshipman in the United 
 States navy. Subsequently, at his expressed desire to go to 
 sea at once, he received orders to report to Captain R. T. 
 Spence, of New York, in command of the corvette “ Cyane,” 
 a vessel captured with the “ Levant ” from the British by 
 the United States frigate “Constitution,” off the coast of 
 Africa, in 1815. The “Cyane” was then on the point of 
 sailing, and, wasting no time, he reported himself as 
 ordered, and within thirty days from the time of leaving 
 Cincinnati — having travelled alone over the mountains on 
 horseback — was on the high seas journeying toward the 
 West Indies and the African coast, where the ship was 
 eventually detained, in the suppression of the slave trade, 
 for more than a year. On his return to the United States 
 he was again ordered to the port of South Africa and 
 West Indies, in 1822 or 1823,011 the frigate “ Constella- 
 tion.” He then accompanied the United States Minister, 
 the celebrated Joel R. Poinsett, of South Carolina, to Vera 
 Cruz, en route to Mexico, and w’as for two years in active 
 service under Commodore David Porter, the hero of the 
 “ Essex,” at Valparaiso, who had charge of the “ Moscpiito 
 fleet” in the West Indies; was shipwrecked on the United 
 States schooner “ Terrier,” off Wilmington, North Carolina. 
 On his return to the United States, having served over five 
 
254 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 years in the navy and narrowdy escaping a watery grave, he 
 again took up his residence in Cincinnati, Ohio ; retired 
 from the naval service and entered into business life as a 
 broker, on Third street, in 1828 or thereabout. He was 
 the initial introducer into this street of the hanking busi- 
 ness, whose vast extent, since acquired, has made it the 
 Wall street of the West. He was at a later period con- 
 nected with the firm of Yeatman, Wilson & Shield, and 
 Voorhes & Co., in the manufacture of steam engines, sugar- 
 mills, etc., branches of industry which eventually con- 
 tributed in a highly important measure to the commercial 
 prosperity of Cincinnati. Many of the works erected by 
 him, in conjunction with other business men, are still in 
 use in the city and are a recognized source of wealth to it 
 and the county. In iSjl he purchased the site of his pres- 
 ent residence, just below the city, which he improved and 
 has resided on for the past forty-four years. He was one 
 of the marshals wdio received the remains of President 
 William Henry Harrison in Cincinnati, w'hen on the way 
 from Washington, District of Columbia, to North Bend, 
 Ohio. During his residence of nearly twm years in Mem- 
 phis, Tennessee, he served as United States Assistant 
 Treasury Agent for that place, and afterwards received the 
 appointment of Government Purchasing Agent at Vicks- 
 burg. After the close of the rebellion he returned to his 
 home in Ohio, and in 1868 was elected President of the 
 Cincinnati Pioneer Association. In the fall of 1869 he w-as 
 elected State Senator from Hamilton county, Ohio. Ori- 
 ginally a member of the old Whig school, in politics, he 
 has of late years pursued an independent course, and on the 
 Independent ticket was elected to the Senate by a majority 
 of 2500 votes. He was initiated in the Lafayette Lodge 
 of Free Masons, in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1829 or thereabout, 
 and has taken the council degrees. He was married in 
 1S27 to Elizabeth Hartzell, of Cincinnati, and hojies to live 
 to celebrate their golden wedding, which takes place Feb- 
 ruary 8th, 1S77. 
 
 AGENHALS, PHILIP M., Physician and Sur- 
 geon, was born on the 1st of March, 1825, at 
 Carrollton, Carroll county, in wdiat was then 
 Columbiana county, Ohio. His father, the Rev. 
 John Wagenhals, came to this country from Wit- 
 temberg when he was eighteen years of age, and 
 soon afterwards began a long and honorable career as min- 
 ister of a Lutheran Church. He still lives among his 
 people, much beloved, and assisting occasionally in pulpit 
 ministrations. On the mother’s side Dr. Wagenhals is 
 connected w ith the family of Governor Snyder, of Penn- 
 sylvania. In his early life he received a sound German 
 literary education at the institution which is now the 
 Capitol University of Columbus. At the age of fifteen he 
 was intrusted with the charge of a school in Hopewell 
 
 township. Perry county, Ohio, for the perioa of a year. At 
 the conclusion of this term of teaching he began to turn his 
 attention to the profession which he has since successfully 
 followed. For a time he studied under the direction of 
 Dr. Boerstler, at Lancaster, Ohio. Then he went to 
 Baltimore and entered the medical department of the Uni- 
 versity of Maryland. Here he graduated in March, 1847, 
 and immediately after his graduation he returned to Som- 
 erset, Perry county, Ohio, and there commenced practice. 
 He remained there for a period of eight years, laboring 
 faithfully in his profession. Then, in the year 1854, he 
 removed to Lancaster, Fairfield county, Ohio, which had 
 been for so many years the scene of his father’s work. For 
 twenty years he continued there, laboring hard and labor- 
 ing successfully, and securing a very extensive patronage. 
 In 1870 he formed a professional partnership with Dr. 
 Kinsman, and four years later they removed to Columbus. 
 Here, in a more extended field of labor, he bids fair to 
 establish very soon a professional reputation equal to that 
 which he enjoyed at Lancaster. In the year 1862 he w'as 
 appointed United States Pension Examining Surgeon at 
 Lancaster, and continued to hold that position until he re- 
 moved to the State capital. He has always taken an active 
 interest in politics. His early allegiance was given to the 
 Whig party, and ever since the breaking out of the war of 
 the rebellion he has been a steadfast member of the Repub- 
 lican party. He was chosen Elector of the Twelfth Dis- 
 trict of Ohio in the year 1868, when General Grant was 
 elected to the Presidency. In 1847 he married Susan E. 
 Shaeffer, daughter of F. A. Shaeffer, of Lancaster, Ohio. 
 The marriage has been blessed by twelve children, nine of 
 whom survive. 
 
 ^‘ONELSON, REV. PARK SHATTUCK, D. D.. 
 was born in P'ranklin county, Massachusetts, 
 April 17th, 1825, and is of Scotch origin. He 
 graduated at the University of Michigan, and, 
 after taking a theological course in Auburn, New 
 York, became a minister of the Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church. His first station w'as at Lansing, the capital 
 of Michitran. In 1856 he moved to Delaware, Ohio, in 
 order to assume the Presidency of the Ohio Wesleyan 
 Female College, where he officiated with notable success 
 for a period embracing more than seventeen years, gradu- 
 ating in that time eighteen classes, numbering in all over 
 three hundred students. During the major portion of these 
 years, under his admirable and thorough management, the 
 attendance at the college was larger than that of any similar 
 institution in Ohio. Through his labors in this field he 
 won an enduring reputation as an excellent instructor, and 
 to-day is widely known and recognized as one of the lead- 
 ing educators in the State. In 1873 he resigned the presi- 
 dency of the college and accepted the position of pastor of 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 25s 
 
 St. Paul’s Methodist Episcopal Church, of Toledo, Ohio. 
 He is now Presiding Elder of the Toledo District, which 
 embraces a large part of northwestern Ohio, including 
 twenty-five charges and pastors, seven of which are located 
 in the city. His degree of D. D. he received from Indiana 
 Asbury University, and is noticeable as being the first hon- 
 orary degree conferred upon any alumnus of Michigan 
 University. He is favorably known as a facile writer, an 
 able divine and a ready speaker and preacher; and, while 
 his charges and sermons bear convincing evidence of close 
 study, careful arrangement and conscientious research, he 
 dispenses entirely with manuscripts while in the pulpit, pre- 
 ferring, as a more effective means to gain the end in view 
 and touch his listeners, to deliver them in the guise of a 
 discourse. He wa^ a member of the General Conference 
 in 1868, and took a prominent part in its deliberations. He 
 was married in 1S51 to Katharine Dexter, daughter of the 
 late Judge Dexter, of Dexter, Michigan, and grand- 
 daughter of Samuel Dexter, of Boston, Massachusetts; 
 she is sister also to Hon. Nicholas Dexter, of Chicago, 
 Illinois, and possesses powers of mind scarcely inferior 
 to those of that noted citizen. 
 
 f^jEAMY, THADDEUS A., A. M., M. D., Professor 
 of Obstetrics and Clinical Midwifery in the 
 Medical College of Ohio, a distinguished phys- 
 ician of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born in Erederick 
 county, Virginia, April 28th, 1829. His father, 
 Jacob A. Reamy, a native of Virginia, was of 
 Erench extraction; his mother, Mary W. (Bonifield) Reamy, 
 also a native of Virginia, was of Scotch-English origin. 
 While quite young he moved with his parents to Ohio and 
 settled near Zanesville, where his mother still resides and 
 where his father’s decease occurred, at the age of eighty- 
 two years, in 1872. In the spring of 1854, at the com- 
 pletion of the usual course of studies, he graduated at 
 Starling Medical College, in Columbus, Ohio. Subse- 
 quently he received from the Ohio Wesleyan University the 
 degree of Master of Arts. In 1857 he was elected Profes- 
 sor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics in the Cincinnati 
 College of Medicine and Surgery, which position he oc- 
 cupied for two years. In 1861 he was elected a member 
 of the State Legislature from Muskingum county, and 
 during the same year was appointed Surgeon of the I22d 
 Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. In 1865 he was 
 elected Professor of the Diseases of Women and Children 
 in Starling Medical College. This position was held by 
 him until, after his return from Europe, in the spring of 
 1870, he removed to Cincinnati, where he was immediately 
 elected Professor of Obstetrics and Clinical Midwife , in 
 the Medical College of Ohio, and Gynaecologist for the 
 Good Samaritan Hospital. These positions he now oc- 
 
 cupies, and, in addition to the careful conduct of an exten- 
 sive and lucrative private practice, presides also over the 
 management of a private hospital for the treatment of dis- 
 eases of women. He is a member of the American Medical 
 Association ; of the Ohio State Medical Society, of which 
 he was formerly President, and of the Cincinnati Academy 
 of Medicine. He is also a corresponding member of the 
 Zanesville Academy of Medicine, and a corresponding 
 member of the Northwestern Medical Association ; and 
 corresponding member of the Van Wert Medical Society. 
 He was married in 1853 to .Sarah A. Chappelear. Their 
 only child is the wdfe of Dr. G. S. Mitchell, of Cincinnati, 
 Ohio. 
 
 EID, REV. ALEXANDER M’CANDLESS, 
 Pn. D., Proprietor and Principal of the Steu- 
 benville P'emale Seminary, Ohio, was born in 
 Beaver county, Pennsylvania, April 20th, 1827. 
 His father, Henry Reid, also of Beaver county, 
 Pennsylvania, was well and favorably known 
 as a Presbyterian elder of unimpeachable rectitude; his 
 mother, Jane (M’Candless) Reid, a woman of notable 
 piety, was so sorely afflicted with rheumatism that for 
 twenty years she was unable to walk or to move from her 
 chair. He was educated at Cannonsburg, in the Jefferson 
 College, and at the Allegheny Theological Seminary. 
 Upon relinquishing school life he engaged in teaching at 
 Sewickley Academy, Pennsylvania, associated with Rev. 
 Joseph S. Travelle, and there remained for several years. 
 In 1855 he went to Europe for the purpose of extending 
 his sphere of knowledge and finding improvement in 
 foreign travel. He was married in 1855 to Sarah Lambert, 
 of Mercer county, Pennsylvania. In October, 1856, he 
 became associated with Rev. Dr. Charles C. Beatty in the 
 management of the Steubenville Female Seminary, an in- 
 stitution over which he has presided as proprietor and 
 principal for several years past. During the nineteen years 
 of his connection with the seminary the average number of 
 pupils has been about one hundred and fifty; the numbei 
 of boarding pupils about ninety; the whole number of 
 pupils that have attended here is over four thousand. He 
 received his degree of Doctor rf Philosophy (Ph. D.) from 
 Washington and Jefferson College. In 1875 he went as a 
 delegate to the Pan-Presbyterian Assembly at London, 
 representing the Northern Presbyterian Church. After the 
 close of his labors with that body he made an extensive 
 tour of the continent, visiting P' ranee, Switzerland, Germany, 
 and Holland, after having journeyed through England and 
 Wales. While abroad, in 1855, he was the European cor- 
 respondent for two newspapers, and for many years has 
 written more or less regularly for the general press. Of his 
 many brilliant sermons several have been published, and in 
 a printed form elicited warm encomiums from many cpiar- 
 
256 
 
 BIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 ti rs. The following condensation of facts is gathered from 
 various reliable sources : “ Nineteen years ago Rev. A. M. 
 
 Reid, Ph. D., and wife, who had been teaching for a 
 number of years in Sewickley, Pennsylvania, became con- 
 nected with the institution (Steubenville P'emale Seminary), 
 and for a number of years its active management has been 
 in their hands. To take the place of Dr. and Mrs. Beatty 
 was not easy ; but Dr. and Mrs. Reid have demonstrated 
 their entire fitness for this high and responsible situation by 
 the most marked success in government, discipline and in- 
 struction, and in making the seminary a real home for its 
 pupils.” In the curriculum of study, in the method of 
 teaching and in all acknowledged improvements they have 
 m.aintained their position with unvarying energy, and kept 
 the seminary in its original and leading position; while the 
 religious influence, which has been one of its notable fea- 
 tures, has been maintained without the slightest abatement. 
 “ Providence brought together two stranger tourists, in 
 Switzerland, on Mont Blanc. Dr. Comingo, on his return, 
 spoke to Dr. Beatty of the pleasant meeting he had with 
 Mr. Reid, and this led to the relation. Mr. Reid, with his 
 fine literary taste, ripe scholarship, love of and rare aptness 
 for teaching and earnest devotion to his work, has kept the 
 standard of scholarship up to the demands of the age. 
 Gifted with the faculty of examining a case from different 
 standpoints; uniting gentleness with firmness, the family 
 type originally impressed upon the school has been pre- 
 served.” Ills estimable wife has in countless ways and 
 guises assisted importantly in the arduous yet pleasant work 
 of preserving and developing the home and family feeling; 
 by her plans for social and aesthetical culture, in the way 
 of frequent opportunities for social intercourse, the monthly 
 birthday fetes, the observance of family and school oc- 
 casions, special anniversaries, post-prandial speeches, the 
 cultivation of plants and flowers, and the love of nature, 
 fostered by frequent rambles in the lovely glens around 
 Steubenville and on the health-giving hills of Virginia, 
 across the river. Together Dr. and Mrs. Reid, as the 
 guides of the seminary, have, it is everywhere cheerfully 
 acknowledged, ever kept in mind the high aim of the in- 
 stitution : to give solid culture, refined manners and true 
 Christian character to those under its roof. This .seminary, 
 now moulding the third generation, is remarkable on ac- 
 count of the widespread and plainly discernible influence 
 which it has so beneficially exercised throughout a long 
 array of years — an influence which has controlled with ad- 
 mirable results not only individuals, but also institutions, 
 homes and churches, in New England, in the Middle, 
 Southern and Western .States, in the Territories, in foreign 
 lands and in the isles of the sea. In its earlier days, when 
 the river, the canal-boat and the lumbering stage-coach 
 were the only means of transit, “ its daughters came from 
 afar;” while to-day, even when facilities for education 
 have advanced so wondrously, the Atlantic, the Pacific, the 
 Gulf and the lakes meet here in their representatives. “ It 
 
 is remarkable for the exemption from disease, death and 
 calamity it has enjoyed. Long years have passed without 
 a serious case of sickness. Death has made few visits. 
 Pestilence and fire have spared it.” The seminary is note- 
 worthy also for its average of scholarship and character. 
 Its graduates are known as sensible, intelligent women, 
 showing breatllh of mind and symmetry of character; 
 abreast of the limes; ready for emergencies; occupying 
 positions of responsibility and usefulness all over the 
 country, as wives, as mothers, as teachers. Its religious in- 
 fluence has been wielded in a manner, and with results 
 direct and indirect, far from usual or common : revival 
 after revival has swept it with beneficent effect ; ingathering 
 after ingathering has recalled the careless and the unthink- 
 ing; twenty per cent, of the pupils have yearly been brought 
 within the sheltering portal of the church, while, in all 
 these awakenings, the means used and blessed have ever 
 been scrupulously freed from all devices of an emotional 
 or ecstatic character. The education of the spiritual 
 nature of the pupil is here inevitable, from the constitu- 
 tion and spirit of the school. The prominence given to 
 Bible instruction, the family prayers, the half hours for 
 devotion, the weekly prayer meeting, the prayer meeting 
 at the dawn of the new year, the motto for the year, 
 the serious word, the gentle reminder, the frequent visits 
 of the pastor, the Sabbath services — all have been found 
 to be means of grace greatly blessed. Its excellent prin- 
 cipal, an ardent lover of pure, strong literature, poetiy, 
 history and essays, finds, perhaps, his greatest pleasure in 
 teaching Latin, Greek, astronomy and literature, branches 
 to which he devotes his special attention in his class-room 
 work. But, perhaps, his personal influence is most felt 
 and his best work accomplished by his lectures to the 
 whole school on a great range of subjects of importance 
 to all well-informed people. These are such subjects 
 as the “ Current news of the world, culture, manners, 
 men and women of note, art, science,” etc. These exert 
 a powerful influence in making the girls thoughtful 
 and well-informed, and so fitting them to be forces in 
 society. And besides these his earnest addresses on 
 subjects connected with spiritual culture — the need of an 
 exalted Christian character — have a moulding power the 
 measure of which eternity alone can reveal. 
 
 ^TANTON, IION. EDWIN M., LL. D., Lawyer, 
 Attorney-General and Secretary of War, was born 
 at Steubenville, Ohio, in 1S14. lie was of Quaker 
 descent, his grandparents having been prominent 
 and widely respected residents of New England, 
 and noted for their anti-slavery opinions. Ilis 
 early education was acquired chiefly at Kenyon College, 
 which he left in 1832, when advanced in his junior year. 
 

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BIOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 257 
 
 lie then pureued a course of legal studies, and, upon its 
 completion, became a member of the Ohio bar, and later a 
 resident of Pennsylvania. Prior to the administration of 
 Buchanan he secured, by the able exercise of talents natural 
 and acquired, a wide and honorable reputation as a scholarly, 
 enterprising and energetic citizen and practitioner; in i860, 
 under the above-mentioned administration, he was appointed 
 Attorney-General of the United States. At the outbreak of 
 the Rebellion he advised the Government to institute with- 
 out delay prompt and decided measures; wdien consulted 
 by Buchanan before the meeting of Congress, he advised 
 him to incorporate into his message the doctrine that the 
 Federal Government had the power, and that it was its 
 duty to coerce seceding States. It was well for the country 
 that, at this momentous period, he held the Attorney-Gene- 
 ralship, for a true and fearless patriot was greatly needed 
 in the Government at that time. After taking the oath of 
 office, he said to a friend : “ I have t.aken the oath to sup- 
 port the Constitution of my country ; that oath I intend to 
 keep both in letter and in spirit.” Ably did he keep his 
 pledge amid the en ruing treasons and perils that environed 
 the Union; unveiling treacherous officials, he blasted them 
 with his stern rebukes ; in the Cabinet he constantly and 
 earn.estly advocated swift and decisive action, denouncing 
 the unwise temporising spirit manifested by several high 
 officers fearing to commit themselves too openly; was often 
 closeted in council with General Seott; advised ably the 
 members of the Peace Congress; and leaguing himself 
 with the Republicans in Congress, kept them well informed 
 concerning the councils of the administration. The mem- 
 orable resolution introduced into the House by Mr. Dawes, 
 regarding Toucey, Secretary of the Navy, was inspired by 
 E. M. Stanton, who believed that he was guilty of treason 
 in endeavoring to subvert the Government. During this 
 time he was constantly surrounded by agents anxious to 
 frustrate his loyal purposes, and, on one occasion, while 
 conversing with Sumner, led him away from the office, not 
 daring to speak candidly while watched by the vigilant 
 emissaries of secession. When Floyd, enraged by the loyal 
 conduct of Colonel Anderson at I-’orts Moultrie and Sum- 
 ter, entered the Cabinet, and charged his associates with 
 violating their pledges to the Southern people, it was E. M. 
 Stanton that rose and with fierce loyalty abashe<l him. In 
 1862, under the administration of Lincoln, he was, notwith- 
 standing the opposition of Montgomery Blair, appointed 
 Secretary of Mar. Immediately he occupied himself in a 
 thorough examination of the Government forces ; met the 
 Military Committee of the Senate in their room at the 
 Capitol, and laid before them the result of his prompt and 
 exhaustive labor and researches. More than one hundred 
 and fifty regiments, many only partially complete, were dis- 
 persed throughout the country ; these bodies he proposed 
 to bring together and consolidate; and, after exjilaining to 
 the committee his reasons for acting in this manner, was j 
 strengthened by their commendation and support. The pre- I 
 33 
 
 parations for the active campaign of 1862 he pressed vigo- 
 rously, and, very often through the entire night, was 
 occupied in attending to the military and civil exigencies 
 of the State ; sending important telegraph communication 
 to all parts of the Union, and proffering needed and shrewd 
 counsel to the various officials with whom he was brought 
 into contact. Throughout the entire war he devoted him- 
 self to the cause of the Union with an earnestness and un- 
 selfishness only equalled by his masterly ability, untiring 
 energy, never-failing resource, undaunted courage and grand 
 confidence in the triumph of right. When Lincoln ex- 
 pressed to several members of the Cabinet his intention, 
 should Grant secure a victory at Richmond, to permit that 
 officer to negotiate terms of peace with the Confederate 
 Generals, he steadfastly opposed such a measure, declaring 
 bluntly that no one had the right to attend to such matters 
 but the President; from this resulted the order to Grant in- 
 structing him to hold no conferences with Lee except on 
 questions of a purely military nature. Subsequent to the 
 surrender of Richmond, Lincoln was about to permit the 
 assembling of the rebel Legislature of Virginia by General 
 Weitzel ; Stanton, however, apprehending peril, opposed it 
 earnestly, and the permission was recalled. When the 
 Legislature of Indiana was dissolved, in 1S63, and no ap- 
 propriations were made to assist the State Government or 
 the Union forces. Governor Morton looked anxiously to the 
 Secretary of War for sorely needed succor. Upon his own 
 responsibility, the latter drew his warrant upon the Treasury 
 for ^250,000, to be paid from an unexpended appropriation 
 made formerly for raising troops in States in insurrection. 
 “ If the cause fails,” said Morton, “ you and I will be 
 covered with prosecutions, and probably imprisoned, or 
 driven from the country.” “ If,” replied Stanton, “the 
 cause fails, I do not wish to live.” Finally, the quarter 
 million of dollars was accounted for by Indiana in its ulti- 
 mate settlement with the general Government. When the 
 news of Lee’s surrender was received at M'ashington he 
 tendered his resignation to Lincoln, saying that now that 
 the great work was ended he would abandon his laborious 
 position. The President, however, induced him to recall 
 his determination, and he consented to remain in the M’ar 
 Office until the disbandment of the army. He was a cordial 
 supporter of the Christian and Sanitary Commissions, and 
 assisted materially the management of the Freedmen’s 
 Bureau in its commendable endeavors to ameliorate the 
 condition of the newly-emancipated race. December 20th, 
 1869, after his retirement from office, he was nominated by 
 President Grant, and confirmed by the Senate, an Associate 
 Judge of the .Supreme Court of the United States; but he 
 was not to enjoy long the honor attached to that office, 
 dying suddenly, December 24th, 1869. Prior to this event, 
 a testimonial fund of $100,000, to repair the losses occasioned 
 by his devotion to the interests of his country, was refused 
 by him in the firmest manner, and with peremptory curt- 
 ness. .Subsequently, the same amount was contributed for 
 
258 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 tlie support of his family. His name appears to several pub- 
 lications. He prepared the Reports of Cases Argued and 
 Determined in the Supreme Court of the State of Ohio, in 
 Banc, December Term, 1841, December Term, 1844, 
 Columbus, 1S43-45, 3 vols. {vols. xi, xii, xiii, Ohio Re- 
 ports) ; also Reports as Secretary of War, 1862-68. 
 
 ARMON, JOHN B,, M. D., was born, October 
 19th, 1780, at Rupert, Bennington county, Ver- 
 mont, and was a son of the Hon. Reuben Harmon, 
 who had been a member of the Vermont Legisla- 
 ture, and one of a few responsible men of the State 
 to whom was granted the privilege of issuing copper 
 coins for currency on their individual security during the 
 early days of independence, and before the general gov'ern- 
 ment assumed the regulation of such matters. In 1797 he 
 went to Ohio and purchased five hundred acres of land in 
 what was known as the “ Salt Spring Tract,” Wethersfield 
 township, Trumbull county, on which he erected a cabin. 
 In P'ebruary, iSoo, he returned to Vermont, and in early 
 summer started with his family to the new location, al- 
 though he was compelled to stop on the way for two 
 months, in Washington county, Pennsylvania, on account 
 of Indian disturbances. His son John, then in his twen- 
 tieth year, had received the benefit of the early New Ivng- 
 land schools, and had studied medicine with his brother-in- 
 law, Dr. Blackmer, of Rupert, Vermont, with a view of 
 practising as soon as his father found it expedient to take his 
 family to the West. He assisted his father in the manufac- 
 ture of salt, and in clearing the homestead ; and, after prac- 
 tising a short time in Warren, returned to Vermont, in 1805 
 or 1806, to prepare himseif for a broader field of usefulness 
 by completing his studies with Dr. Blackmer, who was emi- 
 nent in his profession. His father died in 1806, and he 
 soon returned to Warren, where he entered with energy 
 upon a professional career, which extended over half a cen- 
 tury, and which wjs marked by more than usual success in 
 j)ractice as well as by the confidence and respect of his pro- 
 fessional brethren. His physical and mental temperaments 
 bore a striking resemblance to the best Scotch types. He 
 was tall, spare, nervous, and enduring, with great strength 
 of muscle and suppleness of limb. His mind was singularly 
 acute, cool and reasonable ; his personal presence command- 
 ing and dignified. An eminent public man said of him : 
 “ He always impressed me as being the equal of any man I 
 ever met.” He was decided in his convictions, and although 
 not strongly controversial in his manner, he was fluent and 
 convincing in speech. Though close in his business rela- 
 tions, he was, nevertheless, a man of practical charity, and 
 so scrupulous to his convictions of professional duty, that he 
 always responded to the call of the poor, where pay was not 
 to be expected promptly, as to the rich. He had a pecu- 
 liarly skilful hand in the use of the surgeon’s knife, and at 
 
 an early day successfully performed the high and very criti- 
 cal operation of removing a cancerous tumor from the liver 
 of a female patient. He was Surgeon of the 2d Ohio 
 Regiment in the war of 1812, and was present at the battle 
 of b'ort Mackinac. In the early pioneer days, his ride ex- 
 tended over a vast and sparsely settled tract of territory, 
 where the roads were without bridges and for the most part 
 consisted of nothing but blazed bridle paths through the 
 primeval forest. He was a fine marksman and a great lover 
 of horses. In those days it was the custom for hunters to 
 suspend the carcasses of their heavy game from a sapling, 
 and go forth and bring home the meat whenever it suited 
 their convenience. The doctor was perfectly familiar with 
 all the deer-licks, and in after years pointed out to his son 
 a spot where, during one winter, he had had twenty deer 
 strung up in the woods at one and the same time. In one 
 of his hunts he climbed a tall tree, put a cub on his back and 
 descended. He had left his gun at the foot, guarded by 
 his dog, which kept the she-bear — roused by the cry of the 
 cub — from ascending by snapping at her back. Reaching 
 the ground he cocked his gun and backed off, the bear 
 circling round him. Persistently teased by the sagacious 
 dog, the bear at last bounded into the thicket and left her 
 cub to become the pet of the intrepid sportsman. His faith- 
 ful servant and companion in those early days was a famous 
 horse called “ Buck,” whose name deserves to be rescued 
 from oblivion and embalmed with the history of his master. 
 He was descended from a line of racers, while his spirit and 
 intelligence almost reached the point of human reason. He 
 knew all the roads and bridle-paths, and often traversed 
 them while his master slept in the saddle, wearied out with 
 riding and watching. They often passed the night together 
 in the woods, and on one occasion — a winter’s night — the 
 doctor was called in a case of great urgency at a distance 
 of twenty miles from home, and the falling snow caused 
 them to lose the path in the woods. The master took refuge 
 for the night in the hollow of a fallen tree, and “ Buck,” 
 who was hitched close by, being attacked by wolves, de- 
 fended himself with his heels until the cowardly pack gave 
 up the battle and scampered off. He was a good swimmer, 
 as it became a horse to be in those days of no bridges, but 
 on reaching the Mahoning one very cold night, after having 
 been on a long journey, and the doctor was drowsing in the 
 saddle, the animal, rather than enter the freezing stream, 
 mounted a hewn log, fourteen inches wide, which had been 
 placed across the stream for a foot-bridge, and went over in 
 perfect safety, although he woke his master, and gave him a 
 start, as he stepped down on the other side. It may be in- 
 teresting to note the fact that the doctor was for many years 
 the champion checker-player of the United States, and was 
 frequently visited, when the game was more in vogue than 
 at present, by gentlemen from all the cities of the Union. 
 He acquired a considerable property, and enjoyed a happy 
 old age. Although his religious views were not orthodox, 
 his home was the frequent resort of clergymen of all denom- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 259 
 
 inations, who always found his latch-string out, and a lios- 
 pitable welcome to his table. He was married, February 
 6th, 1822, to Sarah, daughter of Judge Daniel Dana, of 
 Enfield, Connecticut, and was the father of six children, 
 five sons and one daughter, the youngest son dying in in- 
 fancy, and the third son. Captain Charles R. Harmon, was 
 killed at the battle of Slone River, during the war of the 
 rebellion. Dr. Harmon died February 7th, 1858. His 
 wife was a member of the Presbyterian Church, and a 
 woman of intelligence and remarkable resolution of charac- 
 ter. She died November 6th, 1868, and, like her husband, 
 is still affectionately remembered by a wide circle of friends 
 and acquaintances. 
 
 AHLE, GU.STAV ROBERT, Postmaster of Cin- 
 cinnati, was born at Rittergut, Niederburkan, 
 Kingdom of Saxony, November 12th, 1836. His 
 father, Gustav Adolph Wahle, was a wealthy 
 landholder of Saxony. He was educated in his 
 native country, and graduated at the Real .Schule 
 (High School) of Dresden in 1851. He was then appren- 
 ticed to learn the farming business at the Rittergut Gruene- 
 berg, where he remained until 1853, when he was trans- 
 ferred to Rittergut Lindig. His father’s demise having oc- 
 curred at Dresden in June, 1849, ''i 1854 he came with his 
 mother and four sisters to the United States. They landed 
 safely in New York city, and thence proceeded to the West, 
 settling finally in Cincinnati, Ohio. Shortly after his arrival 
 there he entered the office of Das Cincinnati Volksblatt, 
 then under the editorial management of the hate Stephen 
 Molitor, a man of notable ability. At the expiration of a 
 few months he became clerk for Ferdinand Bodmann, a 
 prominent tobacco dealer of the city, with whom he re- 
 mained until 1856. He then filled a clerkship, and after- 
 wards was employed as Local Reporter in Der Cincinnati 
 Republicatier Hiller & Becht. In 1858 he en- 
 
 tered the office of Joseph A. Hermann, proprietor of the Cin- 
 cinnati Volksfreund, and there remained until i860, when he 
 returned to the Cincinnati Volkshlatt. In February, 1864, 
 he was appointed Clerk in the Hamilton County Probate 
 Court under Hon. Edward Woodruff, and in July of the 
 same year was appointed Collector of Water Rents for the 
 city. That position was retained by him until he was de- 
 posed by the accession to power of the Democratic party, 
 July 1st, 1873. He was then nominated as the Republican 
 candidate for Treasurer of Hamilton county, September 3d. 
 In the ensuing struggle in which the adverse parties engaged, 
 however, he, with the rest of his ticket, encountered defeat. 
 After leaving the Collector’s office, he was connected with 
 the Fidelity Fire Insurance Company of Cincinnati. Janu- 
 ary 9th, 1874, after a bitter and protracted contest, he was 
 appointed by President Grant to his present irosilion. On 
 the following February ist he entered upon the discharge 
 of his duties. While acting as Postmaster he has shown a 
 
 rare fidelity to his responsible and important trust, and by 
 his energetic and able administration of affairs has elicited 
 encomiums from those even who were opposed to his ap- 
 pointment. In the conduct of the onerous and perplexing 
 duties devolving upon him, his executive talents mark him 
 as a thoroughly capable instrument, while the lustre of his 
 past record cannot but be heightened by his unvarying atti- 
 tude as a reliable and an upright officer. 
 
 cDOWELL, GENERAL JOSEPH J., Lawyer, ex- 
 Member of Congress, Agriculturist, was born in 
 Burke county. North Carolina, November 13th, 
 1800. He was the youngest child in a family 
 of eight children, whose parents were Joseph 
 McDowell and Margaret (Moffett) McDowell. 
 His father, a native of Virginia, moved with his father’s 
 family at an early day to North Carolina, and followed 
 through life mainly agricultural pursuits ; he was an active 
 participant as Major in the patriot army in the stirring events 
 of the revolutionary days, served as a member of Congress 
 during the administration of Adams and part Jefferson, and 
 was General of the olden time militia of the State of North 
 Carolina. He was a member of the Stale Convention that 
 adopted the Constitution of the United States. He died 
 in Burke county. North Carolina, in 1801 or'thereabout. 
 His mother, a native of Augusta county, Virginia, was a 
 daughter of Colonel George Moffett, an officer also of the 
 revolutionary army. She died in Woodford county, near 
 Versailles, Kentucky, in 1815. His days of boyhood were 
 spent alternately in attendance at private schools during the 
 winter months, and in laboring on a farm in the summer 
 seasons. In 1S05 he moved to Kentucky with his mother 
 and her family, and there remained until 1S17, the date of 
 his return to Augusta county, Virginia. He subsequently 
 turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, in which he 
 was continuously occupied until 1824, when he moved to 
 Ohio and settled in Highland county «n a rented farm, 
 situated about seven miles north of Hillsborough. At the 
 expiration of one year he relinquished this farm, and took 
 temporary posse.ssion of another rented one, situated about 
 four miles east of Hillsborough, whence, after the passage 
 of another year, he again removed to a neighboring jrur- 
 chased farm, where he resided until 1829. In this year he 
 
 disposed of his farm property by sale, and settled in Hills- 
 borough, there engaging in business as a dry-goods mer- 
 chant until 1835. When a young man he had for a lime 
 applied his attention to the study of law, while residing in 
 Virginia, and during the leisure hours of later years con- 
 tinued to devote a portion of his attention to legal matters 
 and text books; accordingly, in 1835, after passing the re- 
 quired examination, he was admitted to the bar. In 1836 
 he connected himself in partnership with Colonel Collins 
 for the practice of law, and afterward, until 1843, was as- 
 
26 o 
 
 EIOGRAPIIICA-L ENCYCLOI’.^iDIA. 
 
 siduously engaged in professional labors. In 1832 he had 
 been elected a member of the House of Representatives of 
 Ohio, and in 1833 of the Ohio Senate, serving in all in the 
 Assembly three years. In 1843 he was elected to Congress 
 and was re-elected at the expiration of his initial term, serv- 
 ing in all four years as a member of that honorable body. 
 While a member of Congress he advocated strongly the an- 
 nexation of Texas, favored a better settlement with Great 
 Britain of the Oregon Boundary Question, and sustained the 
 bold prosecution of the war with Mexico. In 1847 I's re- 
 tinned to his home, and was there occupied constantly in 
 superintending the conduct of his farm, and in attending to 
 the calls of professional life until 1S60. Since then he has 
 restricted his legal practice to a very limited sphere, and 
 given his attention mainly to agricultural pursuits. Ilis 
 rank of Major-General of the Ohio militia was conferred 
 upon him in 1834, while he was serving as a member of the 
 State Legislature. His political creed is composed of the 
 cardinal principles which guide the policy of the Democratic 
 party, and his first vote cast at a Presidential election was in 
 favor of Andrew Jackson. His views on theological points 
 and religion are very liberal, and are not circumscribed by 
 the doctrines of any particular church. Energetic, patriotic 
 and public-spirited in the best sense of the term, he has been 
 for many years past one of the leading spirits of his section, 
 and is to-day one of the influential and honored citizens in 
 Highland county, and the environing country. He was 
 married, April 23d, 1S22, to Sarah A. McCue, daughter of 
 Rev. John McCue, an estimable Presbyterian clergyman of 
 Augusta county, Virginia. 
 
 eSU 
 
 ALCUTT, GENERAL CHARLES C., Collector 
 of Internal Revenue for the Seventh District of 
 Ohio, was born in Columbus, Ohio, February 
 4s / 7-1 i2th, 1S38. He is the son of John M. Walcutt 
 c oj and Muriel (Broderick) Walcutt, who were among 
 the pionser settlers of Columbus, where the former 
 carried on the business of chair-making. His early educa- 
 tion was acquired in the public schools of his native city 
 and at the Kentucky Mditary Institute, from which institu- 
 tion he graduated in the class of 1858. Returning to Co- 
 lumbus, he was elected Surveyor for Franklin county in 
 1859, and held that position until the breaking out of the 
 rebellion, when he relinquished it in order to offer his ser- 
 vices to the government. Hastily raising a military com- 
 pany in the State capital, he entered the service of the United 
 States, April i6th, 1861, with the commission of Captain. 
 In June of the same year he was promoted to the rank of 
 Major, and served on the staff of General Hill until August, 
 when he was appointed Major of the 46th Regiment of Ohio 
 Volunteers. In January, 1862, he was appointed to a Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonelcy, and, with his regiment, joined the army of 
 Sherman at Paducah, Kentucky, where the Tennessee 
 
 river expedition was then in course of organization. At the 
 memorable battle of Shiloh, he received a severe wound in 
 the shoulder from a musket ball which has never been ex- 
 tracted. October i6th, 1862, he was made Colonel of his 
 regiment, and participated in the Vicksburg and Jackson, 
 Mississippi, campaigns. At the battle of Missionary Ridge 
 he was assigned to the command of the 2d Brigade of the 
 1st Division, I5lh Corps, and behaved with such intrepid 
 gallantry in holding the key-point of the field against re- 
 peated charges by superior numbers, that he was recom- 
 mended for promotion in General Sherman’s 'report. P'rom 
 Chattanooga he moved to the defence of Knoxville, still in 
 command of the brigade, and led the assaulting party of the 
 army of the Tennessee at the battle of Kenesaw Mountain. 
 .'Vfter the battle of July 22d, in which the brave McPherson 
 fell, he was raised to the full rank of Brigadier-General. 
 He participated in all the engagements of the Atlanta cam- 
 paign, and after the destruction of the city, fought the only 
 battle — that of Griswoldsville — which occurred during the 
 famous march to the sea. In this engagement, isolated from 
 the main body of the army, and with his command reduced 
 to thirteen hundred men, he sustained an attack by a body 
 of Confederate troops over seven thousand strong under 
 General Coombs. He not only bore up against that over- 
 whelming force but finally routed it with such complete suc- 
 cess that the number of the enemy left dead and wounded 
 on the field exceeded that of the whole force wdth which he 
 had entered the engagement. P'or the notable gallantry dis- 
 played on this field he was brevetted Major-General, and 
 again distinguished by a very laudatory notice in the report 
 of General Sherman. He had then received, however, a 
 severe shell-wound in the leg, which disabled him for several 
 months, and he was unable to resume his command until 
 the army entered North Carolina, when he was assigned to 
 the command of the 1st Division of the 14th Army Corps, 
 and a few months later passed with the victorious troops in 
 grand review before the President at Washington. He then 
 took his command to Louisville, where it was mustered out 
 in August, 1865. Pie personally, however, served in the 
 Western Department until January, 1866, at which date he 
 was mustered out, and accepted the Wardenship of the Ohio 
 Penitentiary. While in this position he accepted also the 
 appointment of a Lieutenant-Colonelcy in the United States 
 regular cavalry service, and reported to General Hancock, 
 at St. Louis. But three months later, finding that no im- 
 perative dntv called him to the life of a soldier in .time of 
 peace, he handed in his resignation, and returned to the 
 pursuits of civil life, resuming his position as Warden in 
 the penitentiary. That office was held by him for three 
 years, and he was the first man under whose management 
 the institution returned a revenue to the State treasury. In 
 1869 he was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue for 
 the Seventh District of Ohio, and still holds that position. 
 He has always taken a zealous interest in public affairs, and 
 in the cause of education in Columbus. At the present 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 261 
 
 time he officiates as President of the City School Board. 
 In 1868 he was Presidential Elector for his district, and 
 voted for General Grant. In 1S72 he was Chairman of the 
 State Republican Executive Committee, and conducted the 
 attendant campaign in Ohio. 
 
 
 I 
 
 0 * 7 ; 
 
 le! 
 
 ' EFF, BENJAMIN, Physician and Member of the 
 Ho*use of Representatives of the General Assembly 
 of Ohio, was born on March l6th, 1S21, in Lan- 
 caster county, Pennsylvania, his parents being 
 David and Leah (Kauffman) Neff His education 
 until he had reached the age of sixteen years was 
 obtained in the common schools of his native place. When 
 he was sixteen years old his parents removed to Clark 
 county, Ohio, and he accompanied them thither. They 
 settled in New Carlyle, and in the academy of that place he 
 completed his education, so far as the schools were con- 
 cerned. After leaving school he commenced teaching, and 
 for the next two years he taught school steadily. At the 
 end of his two years of teaching, he began the study of 
 medicine, having some time previously decided upon enter- 
 ing the medical profession. It was to enable him to do this 
 tliat he had devoted himself temporarily to teaching. He 
 studied assiduously until he had passed through the prepara- 
 U)ry course of reading, when he entered Jefferson Medical 
 College. Plere he studied harder than ever, and with such 
 effect that he took and maintained a high position in his 
 class. He graduated from the institution in 1848, and im- 
 mediately after receiving his diploma commenced practice 
 as a physician in New Carlyle. He speedily attained suc- 
 cess in his profession, and was soon in possession of a large 
 practice. Several years ago he took measures to meet a 
 very appreciably felt want in the community where he lived 
 —the want of a first-class drug-store. He established such 
 an one, and added the business of druggist to his thriving 
 practice as a physician. As a citizen he was held in as high 
 esteem in the community as in his professional capacity, and 
 this esteem was practically manifested by choosing him 
 Mayor of the place, a position which he filled with honor to 
 himself and to the satisfaction of the citizens. For twelve 
 years, also, he held the office of Treasurer for the village 
 and the township. In the year 1871 he was elected, on the 
 Republican ticket, to a seal in the House of Representatives 
 of the Sixtieth General Assembly of Ohio, and was re-elected 
 a member of the House in 1873. was made Chairman 
 of the Committee on Medical Colleges and a member of the 
 Committee on Universities and Colleges. His course in the 
 Legislature has been an honorable and dignified one, 
 marked by good ability, rigid integrity and fine capacity for 
 the details of legislative business. He has been twice mar- 
 ried. His first wife was Elizabeth 1.. Hay, of Clark county, 
 whom he married in May, 1848. She died in 1849, leaving 
 
 one child, a daughter. In October,- 1851, he married Har- 
 riet J. Hay, a sister of his first wife, who has borne him five 
 children. Only three of his six children now survive. 
 
 ILL, CHARLES WESLEY, Lawyer and Brig- 
 adier-General United States Volunteers, was born, 
 July 7th, 1813, at Starksboro, Addison county, 
 Vermont, of New England parentage and of Eng- 
 lish descent. At the age of four years his parents 
 removed to Ashtabula county, Ohio, and there he 
 passed his youth, himself his own schoolmaster, for he is 
 entirely self-educated. When fifteen years old he com- 
 menced learning the saddler’s trade, and when he had ac- 
 quired a thorough knowledge of the craft, commenced on 
 his own account the saddlery business in Erie, Pennsylvania. 
 Subsequently he removed to Elyria, Ohio, where he taught 
 school for one winter, and again changed his residence to 
 Toledo, where, in 1836, he obtained a situation as clerk in 
 a dry-goods house. His leisure hours w’ere devoted to 
 reading law, every moment that he could spare, during the 
 three years that he held this position, being employed in 
 self-culture. Such perseverance was rewarded by his being 
 admitted to practise at the bar in June, 1839, and since that 
 date he has been constantly engaged in the courts, except 
 during his military career. He is regarded as one of the 
 leading counsellors and barristers in his section, and enjoys a 
 large share of jratronage. Shortly after the outbreak of the 
 late civil war, he was commissioned, June, 1861, by Gov- 
 ernor Dennison, Brigadier-General of the Ohio Volunteer 
 Militia, and took command of a brigade in W’est Virginia, 
 guarding the different lines of railroads in that .State, and 
 connecting General McClellan’s command wdth his base of 
 supplies. While engaged on this service he rendered most 
 valuable aid to the Union cause. In August, 1861, he re- 
 turned to Columbus, and was placed in command of Camp 
 Chase, wdiere he continued until the following December. 
 While filling that position he drilled, manoeuvred and pre- 
 pared for service some of the most effective and gallant regi- 
 ments that were ever called to the field. Among these may 
 be named the 20th, the 31st, the 40lh, the 42d — General 
 Garfield’s — the 43d — General W. Swayne’s regiment— and 
 the 58th, a German regiment. All these different bodies of 
 men were infantry. One cavalry regiment, the isl Ohio, 
 was also drilled by him and prepared for service. In 1862 
 he was made Adjutant-General of Ohio, which position he 
 resigned in December, 1863. He was subsequently ap- 
 pointed Colonel of the 120th Infantry, which was shortly 
 afterwards mustered into the United .States service at John- 
 son’s Island, Sandusky B.iy, where they guarded the pris- 
 oners of war, over three thousand in number, this being the 
 largest military prison in the North. In addition to this 
 post he was placed in command of the frontier extending 
 from Buffalo, New York, to Detroit in Michigan, a coast 
 
262 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 line of over three hundred miles, and regarded as one of the 
 most important military departments. In political faith he 
 was an old-line Whig until the dissolution of that party, 
 when he espoused the Republican cause. He has filled the 
 offices of City Clerk and City Solicitor, has been for several 
 years a member of the City Councils, and was at one time 
 Mayor of Toledo to fill a vacancy. He has also been Col- 
 lector of the Customs for the Port and District of Toledo. 
 P'or twenty-seven years he has been a member of the Board 
 of Education in Toledo, and for sixteen years President of 
 that body. He is also a trustee of tbe Toledo University 
 of Arts and Trades. He was married, October ist, 1843, to 
 Elizabeth Charlotte Titus, of New York city. 
 
 ARRIS, HON. JOSIAH, one of the pioneers of the 
 NVestern Reserve, was born, November 30th, 
 17S3, in Bucket, Berkshire county, Massachusetts. 
 His father was one of the captors of General 
 Prescott, and Albert Harris, of Cleveland, has in 
 his possession a silver cup taken from the table in 
 the lower room of the house where the general and his 
 friends had been drinking wine. Josiah was educated in 
 the district schools, and he likewise improved every oppor- 
 tunity in the acquisition of knowledge. He thus became a 
 most thorough and successful teacher himself, and for a 
 number of winters was so employed while a resident of his 
 native State. In 1814 he journeyed to Ohio, travelling en- 
 tirely on foot, and passing through the burned village of 
 Buffalo, New York, while it was yet smoldering from the 
 British torch. Having reached his destination he located a 
 farm, and returned to Massachusetts. The following year 
 saw him again on his way to Ohio, journeying again on foot, 
 his present trip being to select farms for his friends and 
 neighbors. When the several tracts of land had been chosen 
 and secured, he again returned home, where he remained 
 until 1818, when he removed with his family to Ohio, and 
 located himself in the forest on the site of the present flour- 
 ishing village of Amherst. He reached his jourtiey’s end 
 on July 3d of th.at year, and on the folloudiig day w’as 
 joined by two neighbors, who lived at four miles distance 
 from his farm, who duly celebrated the birthday of the na- 
 tion, although they were unprovided with any of the noisy 
 paraphernalia winch now seems to be concomitant to that 
 day. He was elected Justice of the Peace in 1821, and 
 served in that capacity for thirty-six years, when he resigned 
 the office. He was the first Sheriff of Lorain county, and 
 served for tw'o terms. In 1S27 he was elected a member of 
 the Legislature from Cuyahoga county, and w'as subsequently 
 nominated and elected Senator from the Lorain and Medina 
 districts. He was appointed Judge in 1829. He was also 
 Postmaster of the village for over forty years, being appointed 
 thereto by Return J. Meigs, Postmaster-General of the 
 United States, and at the lime of his death was the eldest 
 
 postmaster in the country. He was eminently a man of 
 peaceful habits, and during all his long life never spoke an 
 angry word, nor had he an enemy. He was twice married ; 
 his first w'ife was Charity Messenger, and his second was 
 named Anna G. Moore. He died at his home in Amherst, 
 March 26th, 1867, universally regretted. 
 
 OLLINS, WILLIAM ALFRED, Farmer, Soldier, 
 Lawyer and Jurist, was born, June l6th, 1821, at 
 Caledonia, Livingston county. New York. His 
 father was a native of Connecticut, a descendant 
 of some of the early settlers of Boston, and of 
 those who were banished from the colony of 
 Massachusetts on account of their religious belief, being 
 Antinomians and adhering to the party of Anne Hutchinson. 
 At that period these peojile retired to Providence, wliich 
 had already been selected as the refuge of others, whose 
 tenets were not in accordance with the stern and unbending 
 creed of the Puritan fathers. His mother was a native of 
 New York, of English and Huguenot ancestry. He grew 
 up towards manhood on a farm in Livingston county, where 
 he labored during the temperate months of the year, while 
 the inclement winter months were devoted to school and the 
 academy. He continued there until he attained the age of 
 eighteen years, when he entered Yale College, from which 
 institution he graduated in 1S43. Soon after leaving his 
 Alma Jl/aler he commenced teaching, which he only pur- 
 sued for a few months, and then entered the office of 
 Orlando Hastings ic Martin S. Newton, at Rochester, New 
 York, with whom he studied law until his admission to the 
 bar about the close of 1846. From that date until 1855 he 
 practised his profession in Livingston county. In 1856 he 
 removed to Toledo, Ohio, where he continued his legal 
 practice. At the outbreak of the civil war he went to West 
 Virginia with the Ohio three months volunteers as a staff- 
 officer under General Charles W. Hill, and after these troops 
 were mustered out of the service he was engaged for a few 
 months, in a similar capacity, assisting in the organization 
 of some of the Ohio volunteer regiments at Camp Chase. 
 He then returned home, where he resumed his professional 
 duties. In 1869 he was elected a Judge of the Court of 
 Common Pleas of the Fourth District of Ohio, which posi- 
 tion he filled until 1875, when he left the bench and again 
 assumed the role of a counsellor at law, in which he con- 
 tinues, and is also a member of the Board of Education of 
 Toledo. During all these years, whenever the opportunity 
 offered, he has been likewise engaged in agricultural pur- 
 suits. In political faith he was in his earlier years a Whig, 
 with which party he was affiliated until it ceased to exist. 
 Since its dissolution he has steadily adhered to the doctrines 
 and tenets of the Republicans. He was married at Toledo 
 in 1863. 
 
GoJaxy hih Co PhtXo^ 
 
BIOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 263 
 
 ^JD, IIOX. DAVID, Governor of Ohio, was born 
 at Youngstown, Mahoning county, Ohio, Febru- 
 ary 2ist, 1805. Ilis father, the Hon. George 
 Tod, 'a native of Connecticut, had settled in the 
 AYestern Reserve five years previously. The 
 year of his arrival he was appointed by Governor 
 St. Clair to act as Secretary of the then Territory. Two 
 years later, when Ohio became a State, he was elected 
 Judge of the Supreme Court. lie held the office of Judge 
 until the breaking out of the war of 1S12, when he resigned 
 the office and entered the army with the rank. He served 
 with credit during the struggle, and was promoted to a 
 colonelcy early in his military career. Shortly after its 
 close he was elected a Judge of the Court of Common 
 Pleas, his circuit embracing the whole northern part of 
 Ohio. He remained upon the bench until 1S29, after 
 which he resumed the practice of the law, which he con- 
 tinued until his death, in 1841, at the age of sixty-seven. 
 His public and private character were blameless. At this 
 time his son, David, was practising law, having been ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1827. He had met with great success 
 in his profession at Warren, where he had opened an office 
 immediately after his admission, and where he resided for 
 fifteen years. He had tasted of all the rough experiences 
 of the young country lawyer, being very poor when he 
 began to practise, and having no other pecuniary aid than 
 that which his profession brought him. He had now 
 gained a wide reputation as a criminal lawyer, and was 
 rapidly becoming one of the most popular members of the 
 Ohio bar. In early life he had imbibed a strong love for 
 politics, and Andrew Jackson was his model in all that 
 constituted statesmanship. His first vote was for the 
 success of the Democratic party. In 1838 he became a 
 member of the State .Senate as a Democrat. In the mem- 
 orable Presidential campaign of 1840 he went upon the 
 stump for Van Buren and the Democratic ticket. Though 
 his candidate was unsuccessful, he left the field with a fine 
 record as a speaker, and became more popular than ever 
 with his party. In 1844 he was unanimously nominated 
 for Governor by the Democr.icy, and was defeated by only 
 a thousand votes, while Henry Clay’s (Whig) majority over 
 James K. Polk, in the following month, was about six 
 thousand. Soon after his defeat he retired to his well- 
 known farm at Brier Hill, where he followed agriculture 
 for the next three years. In 1847 President Polk, un- 
 solicited, appointed him United States Minister to Brazil, 
 where he remained until the summer of 1852, rendering 
 effective service to his country, especially in the matter of 
 treaties and the settlement of claims. On his return he 
 entered heartily into the Presidential campaign of that 
 year, which ended in the success of his party candidate, 
 P'ranklin Pierce. He wxs also prominent in the last suc- 
 cessful campaign of his party, in 1856. In the exciting 
 political events of i860 he was conspicuous as a member 
 of the Charleston Convention and a strong Douglas man. 
 
 ‘ and was chosen first Vice-President; and at Baltimore, upon 
 the withdrawal of nearly the entire Southern delegation, 
 followed by the President of the convention, Hon. Caleb 
 Cushing, of Massachusetts, he filled the vacated chair. Up 
 to the time of the firing on Fort Sumrer he was warmly 
 interested in the amicable adjustment of the difficulties 
 that were distracting the country and promoting sectional 
 hatred and strife with military arms. At once his patriotic 
 indignation was aroused, and he cast aside all that per- 
 tained to party politics and gave his voice and money to 
 the work of raising troops to save the Union from disrup- 
 tion. From his private purse he uniformed a company 
 from his native town — Company B, 19th Regiment — and 
 contributed one thousand dollars to the township fund for 
 military expenses. In 1861 he again received the nomina- 
 tion for Governor. The war-Democrats and the entire 
 Republican party cast their suffrages for him, and he was 
 triumphantly elected, his majority ranging between fifty 
 and sixty thousand votes. He took his .seat in January, 
 1862, and from that time until the close of his administra- 
 tion was popular with all classes. The war fever was at its 
 height when he entered upon his duties, but his predeces- 
 sor, Hon. William Dennison, had already done much to 
 place the State) on a war footing, and was ever ready to 
 give him counsel and support. His position as an iron 
 manufacturer and President of the Cleveland & Mahoning 
 Railroad gave him status as a man of business ability, and 
 the details of his office were carefully looked after. He 
 prudently retained the staff of his predecessor, and those 
 who were appointed to office were from the ranks of the 
 patriots, without regard to party. No one questioned his 
 honest and sturdy patriotism, and he brought to every de- 
 partment of his office a wise discretion and sound judgment 
 that secured the confidence of the people. Ohio troops, 
 although they had been active in keeping armed invaders 
 out of the loyal portions of the border States, and especially 
 in saving West Virginia from the grip of the foe, had as 
 yet suffered hut little loss in battle. The battle of Pittsburgh 
 Eanding came with its terrible .slaughter. Ohio, Indiana 
 and Illinois suffered severely. Governor Tod at once took 
 measures to have all wounded and sick Ohioans cared for. 
 Steamboats were chartered to convey surgeons, nurses and 
 supplies to their relief. A complete system of relief was 
 afterwards organized, and put in force wherever occasion 
 demanded it. He was particularly active in securing the 
 ■State from armed invasion. It was during his administra- 
 tion that Clement I-. Vallandigham achieved a certain 
 notoriety by his persistent efforts to array the anti-war- 
 Democrats in open hostility to the government, and who 
 was afterwards arrested and sent into exile for treasonable 
 utterances. It was at one time supposed that the Emanci- 
 pation Proclamation would chill the ardor of Ohio’s Execu- 
 tive, as he had been an active Democrat all his life; but he 
 made no allusion to it in his message of that year, hut it 
 was full of suggestions for prosecuting the war, criticised 
 
264 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 the conduct of the rebellious States and recommended the 
 passage of an act to enable the soldiers in the field to vote 
 at State and Presidential elections. The absence of so 
 many war- Democrats and Republicans h.ad emboldened the 
 leaders of the anti-war element, and they had been almost 
 successful in controlling the State. The authorities at 
 Washington found an active supporter in Governor Tod 
 during his entire term of office. He visited that city for 
 advice and counsel, and to make suggestions, and was on a 
 very friendly footing with the martyr President, who, on 
 Chase’s retirement, offered him the Secretaryship of the 
 Treasury ; it was declined. During his administration many 
 great battles were fought, and upon him devolved the task 
 of keeping up the quota of the State in the field. He was 
 faithful to every trust, prudent in management and a man 
 of the people. He belonged to the noble band of war 
 Democrats who may really be said to have held the balance 
 of power in the dark days of the war ; who stood by the 
 President they had not helped to make, and who never 
 wavered in their allegiance to him and the government he 
 was sworn to protect. In the peaceful pursuits of business 
 he was a very active man, as a railroad promoter, iron 
 manufacturer, etc. He was identified with the building of 
 the Cleveland & Mahoning Railroad, and he energetically 
 pushed the development of the vast coal fields of the 
 Mahoning valley. After the close of his administration he 
 devoted himself entirely to business. He died at his farm, 
 known as Brier Hill, in Mahoning county, Ohio, November 
 I3lh, 1868. 
 
 
 AYLES.S, FRANKLIN D., Lawyer, was born in 
 Adams county, Ohio, February 2d, 1839. His 
 preliminaiy education was acquired at West 
 Union, in the same State. During 1858-59 he 
 was engaged in teaching school, but in 1860-61 
 returned to his books and student life. In the 
 winter of 1861-62 he reassumed for a brief period the role 
 of educator, and also, in the course of the latter year, com- 
 menced the study of law under the supervision of Major J. 
 W. McFerren (of the 70th Regiment of Ohio Volunteer 
 Infantry). In the following July he enlisted as a private 
 in the 91st Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. July 20th, 
 1864, at Stevenson’s Depot, near Winchester, Virginia, he 
 was severely wounded (gun-shot) in and through both 
 thighs. He was subseciuently unfitted for active service, 
 through the effects of this casualty, until he was mustered 
 out, in June, 1865. He had, however, in the preceding 
 January returned to his company, at Martinsburg, Virginia. 
 He nev«r applied for pension, and deems it the reverse of 
 creditable to all save the very poor to make application for 
 recompense in such a form. Upon the completion of his 
 studies in law with J. K. Billings, of Adams c )unty, Ohio, 
 he was admitted to the bar, April 23d, 1866, at Portsmouth, 
 Ohio. In this year he was the Democratic nominee and 
 
 candidate for the General Assembly, to fill the vacancy 
 occasioned by the decease of Colonel Phillips. Owing to 
 the strength of the Republican party, then in power in the 
 county, he was defeated by twenty votes. In 1869 he was 
 elected Prosecuting Attorney of Adams County, and was 
 re-elected in 1871. In 1873 he was the Democratic can- 
 didate for the Legislature, and owed his defeat to local 
 strife connected with the removal of the county-seat. Since 
 then he has been constantly and successfully engaged in 
 professional labors, and is widely and favorably known for 
 his able conduct particularly of criminal cases. He assisted 
 in the prosecution of Frank Hardy, for the murder of J. M. 
 Rice, his stepfather. This criminal, found guilty of murder 
 in the first degree, received from the governor a commuta- 
 tion of his sentence, and was condemned to imprisonment 
 for life. He assisted also in the prosecution of J. W. Har- 
 per, for the murder of Luther Collier, when a verdict of 
 murder in the second degree was awarded. Fie assisted 
 also in the defence of James H. Daugherty and John 
 Warden, for the murder of Morris Edgington. He w.as 
 married, November 22d, 1S69, to Helen M. Young, 
 daughter of James F. Young, of Youngsville, Ohio. 
 
 ra 
 
 TEEL, REV. SAMUEL, D. D., was born near 
 Londonderry, Ireland, May 29th, 1796. He re- 
 ceived his classical education in that country, 
 and came to America in 1816. He first entered 
 his brother’s wholesale store in Philadelphia, 
 where he remained until he united with the 
 church. Having determined to study for the ministry, he 
 entered the Theological Seminary at Princeton, New Jer- 
 sey, in June, 1822. After remaining there about two years 
 he was offered the position of tutor in the family of James 
 Caldwell, who was then proprietor of the White .Sulphur 
 ■Springs, in Virginia. This he accepted, and while there, 
 preached to an adjacent church called Anthony’s Creek. 
 In April, 1824, he was licensed to preach by the Lexington 
 Presbytery, at Mossy Creek. He taught for a year, and 
 then acted as a missionary in Rockingham county. In the 
 fall of 1824 he returned to Princeton, and completed his 
 studies in the following year. In A|)ril, 1825, he received 
 a call to preach at Hopkinsville, Kentucky. He visited 
 the place, but concluded not to accept the call. As he was 
 returning he was invited to preach at Winchester. This 
 led to his settlement in Kentucky. During the following 
 year he preached to the congregations at Winchester and 
 Richmond, and at the close of this period at Winchester 
 and Hopewell. In the spring of 1828 he received an in- 
 vitation to visit Hillsborough, Ohio. This, however, did 
 not result in his immediate settlement in this place. He 
 remained in Kentucky, giving up in the latter part of 1829! 
 his charge at Winchester, and adding Horeb to Hopewell. 
 In the spring of 1833, while at the General Assembly in 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 265 
 
 Philadelphia, he was induced to accept an agency of the 
 Presbyterian Board of Education, at the suggestion of Dr. 
 John Breckinridge. In this position he remained until 
 Way, 1834, when he accepted a call to the Presbyterian 
 Church of Hillsborough, Ohio. Here he remained until 
 the time of his death, which occurred November 22d, 1869. 
 He was twice married, his first wife being the adopted 
 daughter of his brother, John Steel. Her name was Ann 
 Jane Russell. His second wife was E. A., daughter of 
 Rev. Robert Stuart, D. D., of Walnut Hill, near Lexington, 
 Kentucky. Dr. Steel left three, children, two sons and a 
 daughter. 
 
 TEDMAX, GENERAL WILLIAM, was born in 
 Granville, Ohio, November 26tb, 1815. His 
 father was one of Ohio’s early settlers, and 
 helped to found the town of Granville, which 
 is the namesake of his birthplace, in Massachu- 
 setts. When William had reached the age of 
 twelve his father died. At the age of eighteen he entered 
 the preparatory department of Hudson College, and thence 
 went to Athens College for a regular course, but was com- 
 pelled to relinquish his purpose on account of ill health. 
 In the spring of 1837 he married Elizabeth Elmore, of 
 Randolph, and began the life of a farmer. He was also 
 interested, at the same time, in mercantile and manufac- 
 turing pursuits. His political convictions were very de- 
 cided, and as soon as he was old enough to shape his 
 course he warmly embraced the anti-slavery sentiment of 
 the times and espoused the cause of universal freedom. 
 As soon as the Republicrn party was formed he became 
 an active and influential member of that organization in 
 the State of Ohio. In 1859 he was elected to the State 
 I^egislature. The opening of the rebellion found him in 
 active sympathy with Lincoln’s administration, and soon 
 after a captain in the 7th Ohio Infantry (three months’ ser- 
 vice). Returning from that campaign with a creditable 
 record, at the request of Governor Dennison, he began the 
 recruiting of men for the 6th Ohio Cavalry. Plaving com- 
 pleted his duties in this direction, he was commissioned 
 Major of the regiment. Two years later, in August, 1863, 
 he was promoted to the Lieutenant-Colonelcy, and early in 
 1864 was made Colonel. He was one of the best cavalry 
 officers in the sersdce, and possessed the full confidence of 
 his superiors and subordinates. In his campaigns he was 
 accompanied by his three sons as members of his regiment, 
 all of whom returned in safety, though impaired health fell 
 to the lot of two of them. He participated in many severe 
 engagements, and in innumerable skirmishes and brushes 
 with the enemy, incident to cavalry service. In October, 
 1864, his three years’ term of service having expired, he re- 
 turned home in not the best of health. He was returned 
 to the I^egislature in 1865, and to the State .Senate in 1868. 
 His military service had debilitated his system, and left him 
 34 
 
 without the vitality necessaiy to combat acute disease. He 
 died of yellow fever, at Santiago de Cuba, July 6th, 1869, 
 whither he had been sent three months previous, as Consul, 
 under appointment of President Grant. On a foreign shore, 
 away from his kindred, without a familiar voice to soothe 
 his dying moments, one of Ohio’s bravest soldiers and most 
 honorable citizens passed to rest. 
 
 COTT, WILLIAM IL, Real Estate Dealer, was 
 born in Columbia) South Carolina, on September 
 3d, 1S25. While he was yet a child he removed 
 with his parents to Connecticut, and eventually 
 to Toledo, Ohio. He enjoyed the advantages of 
 a good common school education, and the higher 
 and better advantage — beyond that afforded by any school — 
 of careful home instruction and training, by a father whose 
 knowledge was rich and varied, and whose ability to impart 
 it to his sons was exceptional. His general education, 
 moreover, was supplemented by a two years’ study of the 
 general principles of law, without, however, any purpose 
 of entering the legal profession. For a few years after 
 reaching his majority he remained in Toledo, assisting his 
 father in the management of an extensive real estate busi- 
 ness, and contributing from time to time to the columns of 
 the Toledo Blade, of which paper his father, Joseph W. 
 Scott, was then the editor and part proprietor. In 1849 he 
 removed to Adrian, Michigan, where he remained until 
 1865, engaged for the most part in agricultural and horti- 
 cultural pursuits, of which he was exceedingly fond, but at 
 the same time continuing the management of his real estate 
 interests in Toledo. While there he, together with a few 
 of the other leading citizens of Adrian, became interested 
 in the institution of the college which the W'esleyans of the 
 Northwest proposed to locate there, if the people of Adrian 
 would co-operate sufficiently. The project was a success- 
 ful one. The site was ])rovided, three large college build- 
 ings were erected and nearly all the cost of the enterprise, 
 about $100,000, was borne by the citizens of Adrian. Mr. 
 Scott continued to be one of the most active members of the 
 Board of Trustees of Adrian College, as well as of the 
 Board of Education and of the City Common Schools in 
 Adrian until 1865, when his real estate interests in Toledo 
 had grown to such proportions as to require his personal 
 presence and attention. While in Adrian, besides his de- 
 votion to the cause of education, he was active in promoting 
 and fostering agricultural and horticultural interests, and 
 was President of the Adrian Horticultural Society, which 
 became a permanent institution, with a large and valuable 
 library. On again becoming a citizen of Toledo he fully 
 identified himself with the city which has been the source 
 of all his material prosperity, and interested himself actively 
 in its various public institutions. He is now Vice-President 
 of the Board of Trustees of the Toledo University of Arts 
 
266 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 and Trades, founded by his father. He was for two terms 
 President of the Toledo Library Association, and gave it 
 needed pecuniary assistance. He felt that this library did 
 not sufficiently meet the needs of the large portion of the 
 community, whose desire for reading was greatly circum- 
 scribed by the large cost of procuring books, and therefore 
 he took the first steps toward the creation of an absolutely 
 free library. It was through his exertions, eventually 
 seconded by those of a few other gentlemen of Toledo, that 
 a bill was presented in the Legislature, which, failing to be- 
 come a law the first winter, was passed in the year follow- 
 ing, and which gives to Toledo, alone of cities of the first- 
 class in the State of Ohio, a free library, sustained by taxa- 
 tion, and entirely untrammelled by connection with any 
 other institution. The success of the experiment is suffi- 
 ciently indicated by the fact that in some months the draw- 
 ings of books from the library have amounted to over 8000 
 volumes. While residing in Adrian, William Scott was 
 married to Mary A. Winans, and there all their children, 
 three daughters and one son, were born. 
 
 « ASSIE, GENERAL NATHANIEL, Pioneer Set- 
 tler and Governor of Ohio, was born in Gooch- 
 land county, Virginia, December 28th, 1763. 
 His father — a farmer in easy circumstances and 
 “ (j) ® of plain good sense — educated his sons for the 
 practical business of life. In 17S0 Nathaniel 
 was for a short time in the revolutionary army. After his 
 return he studied surveying, and in 1783 left to seek his 
 fortunes in Kentucky. Here he practised his profession, 
 and joined with it the locating of lands. He soon acquired 
 the adroitness of the backwoodsman, and especially was 
 this the case in hunting. He could “take a reckoning” 
 with the best of them in clear or cloudy weather, and could 
 compute distances more correctly than most of the old hun- 
 ters. He was cool and courageous, and soon became 
 acknowledged as a leader. He became interested with 
 General James Wilkinson in speculations in salt, but with 
 what success is not known. In his business of surveyor he 
 often risked his life — in fact, his business was a continua 
 risk, as the opposition of the Indians was only exceeded by 
 the determination of the whites to survey their land grants. 
 Prior to 1790 much of this work was done by stealth. In 
 1791 he founded the settlement of Manchester, in Adams 
 county, by offering premiums to immigrants. During the 
 next two years he was engaged in surveying in that vicinity. 
 In the fall of 1793 he went on a surveying tour on the 
 Scioto, a dangerous undertaking. He was accompanied on 
 the expedition by the celebrated Duncan M’Arthur as a 
 chainman or marker. He underwent the most extreme 
 ]rrivations in this and other expeditions of like nature. In 
 1798, with the aid of Duncan M’Arthur, he laid out the 
 town of Chillicothe, on his own land. This was the foun- 
 
 dation of the settlement of the Scioto valley. He enjoyed 
 the confidence of Governor St. Clair, and, receiving the 
 appointment of Colonel, it was through his exertions that 
 the militia of this region was organized. He was a mem- 
 ber of the Convention which formed the State Constitution, 
 and was afterwards elected Senator from Ross county, and 
 at the first session of the State Legislature was elected 
 Speaker. .Some of the best provisions in the original fun- 
 damental law of the State bear the impress of his mind. 
 He also became a Major-General of militia under the 
 new Constitution. He was at one time one of the 
 largest Landholders in the State of Ohio. He was in his 
 time one of the most popular citizens in the State, and in 
 1807 was candidate for Governor against Hon. Return J. 
 Meigs. His opponent was elected by a small majority, but 
 the election was declared invalid because Meigs had not 
 resided in the State long enough to be eligible. Under the 
 circumstances General Massie refused to accept the office. 
 After the decision in his favor he immediately resigned. 
 As often as circumstances would permit he represented 
 Ross county in the Legislature. He died, November 3d, 
 l8t t, and was buried on his farm at the falls of Paint Creek 
 Ross county. 
 
 ^ ING, HON. RUFU.S, Lawyer, was born, May 30th, 
 1817, at Chillicothe, Ohio, and was educated at 
 Kenyon College and Harvard University. Upon 
 leaving college he returned to his native State 
 and settled in Cincinnati, where he rapidly 
 achieved eminence at the bar through the ability 
 he evinced as a counsellor and advocate. In Februaiy, 
 1864, Governor Brough tendered him the appointment of 
 Judge of the Supreme Court, out he declined this offer, as 
 he had many others, for political advancement and personal 
 aggrandizement, preferring to devote himself to his profes- 
 sional duties, and to those enterprises which were calculated 
 to increase the culture and happiness of the people of the 
 community in which he made his home. No man is more 
 thoroughly identified with the permanent prosperity of Cin- 
 cinnati than Mr. King; and certainly no one stands higher 
 in the confidence and regard of the public. For fourteen 
 years he was an active member of its School Board, and 
 during ten years he occupied the office of its President. As 
 a member and as a presiding officer he rendered invalual>le 
 service in building up and improving the .system of public 
 education in Cincinnati, which now ranks among the best 
 in the country. He had the leading part also in founding 
 the Public Library of that city. He is President of the Law 
 Library Association, and his selection to this office indicates 
 the estimation in which he is held by the members of the 
 bar. He is President of the Board of Trustees of Cincinnati 
 University, an institution that promises to be one of the 
 leading seats of learning in the country. Mr. King ap- 
 peared as one of the counsel in the “ Betle-case,” an action 
 

 
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r,IOGRAriIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 267 
 
 which, under that name, became, popularly known, and his 
 argument attracted general attention. It was e.xhaustive in 
 research, clear and forcible in the interpretation of the stat- 
 utes, remarkable for its presentation of authorities and prin- 
 ciple, and characterized throughout by trenchant reasoning 
 and scholarly finish. His last public office was that of a 
 member of the Constitutional Convention of Ohio. In this 
 representative body of the ablest men of Ohio he succeeded 
 Judge Waite, who had been appointed to the Chief-Justice- 
 ship of the United States, as President. In the position of 
 presiding officer he secured the friendship and kindliest re- 
 gard of the members, and received the commendations of 
 the public for the distinguished ability with which he had, 
 in that importani; capacity, served the State. He well de- 
 serves the honors accorded him for the vigilance and the 
 labor he has given to perfect the public school system ; for 
 his support of all movements aiming at the ennoblement of 
 national character and the advancement of public interests, 
 and in recognition of his legal attainments, which have added 
 lustre to the history of the Cincinnati bar. 
 
 ALLANDIGHAM, CLEMENT L., Lawyer, was 
 born in 1822 at New Lisbon, Columbia county, 
 Ohio, and is descended from Huguenot ances- 
 tors. He received a good common-school edu- 
 cation, and made rapid progress in all studies, 
 and completed his literary acquisitions at Jefferson 
 College, Ohio, where he remained about a year. After 
 leaving this institution, he became the Principal of the 
 academy at Snow Hill, Maryland, which position he held 
 for two years. In 1840 he relinquished his connection with 
 the academy and returned to his home in Ohio, where he 
 at once commenced the study of law, which he pursued 
 with ardor until 1842, when he was admitted to practise at 
 the bar, being then but twenty years of age. The position 
 of a barrister was a stepping-stone to higher honors, and in 
 1845 he was elected a member of the Ohio Legislature, and 
 re-elected in 1846. From the close of his last term until 
 1849 he was identified with the Dayton Empire, becoming 
 its chief editor, and through this journal he greatly enhanced 
 his influence as a politician. When his connection with the 
 paper terminated, he gave his attention almost wholly to 
 politics and the practice of the law, holding until 1856 
 various subordinate local positions. In that year he was a 
 member of the Ohio Democratic .State Convention, which 
 was held in Cincinnati. In the autumn of the same year 
 he was nominated on the Democratic ticket as a representa- 
 tive to the Thirty-fifth Congress, in opposition to the then 
 incumbent, Hon. I.ewis D. Campbell, and after a thorough 
 canvass w.as elected, and was re-elected two years subse- 
 quently. At the commencement of the second session of 
 the Thirty-fifth Congress, and during all of the Thirty-sixth, 
 he was on the important Committee on Territories. At the 
 
 close of his second term he was a third time elected, and 
 represented his district until March 3d, 1863. While in 
 Congress he was a consistent opponent of the policy of the 
 government in reference to the war. At the close of his last 
 term of service in that body he returned to Ohio, and re- 
 sumed for a short time his legal pursuits. His name had 
 already been favorably mentioned by his Democratic friends 
 as the nominee for gubernatorial honors, and he engaged in 
 a popular canvass of the .State, freely stating his position 
 and criticising the government in its efforts to sustain the 
 Union. On April 13th, 1863, General Burnside issued his 
 general order. No. 38, in which he announced, inter alia, 
 that all persons who were in the habit of declaring them- 
 selves in sympathy for the enemy were to be arrested, tried, 
 and if found guilty, should be sent beyond the lines, and 
 into the lines of their friends. On May 1st, 1863, he made 
 a speech on the current issues at Mount Vernon, Ohio, in 
 consequence of which he was arrested three days subse- 
 quently. On May 5th he applied, through his counsel, for 
 a writ of habeas corpus to Judge Le.avitt of the United States 
 District Court at Cincinnati, to which General Burnside re- 
 sponded. Judge Leavitt decided that the legality of the 
 arrest depended upon the extent of the necessity for making 
 it, and that was to be determined by the military commander, 
 and so decidely refused application of the writ. He was 
 thereupon tried by court-martial, Brigadier-General R. B. 
 Potter presiding, and on the l6lh of May found guilty. He 
 was first sentenced to confinement in Fort Warren, Boston 
 harbor, which sentence was commuted by President Lincoln 
 to banishment from the North, an order being issued that 
 he should be taken, under a secure guard, to the head- 
 quarters of General Rosecrans, and be put by him beyond 
 the Union lines, and in case of his return, to be arrested 
 and to be put into close custody for the term of his sentence. 
 This order was duly executed, but he soon ran the blockade 
 and went to Canada, taking up his residence at Windsor, 
 opposite Detroit. Meanwhile the Democratic Convention, 
 which assembled at Cincinnati in June, 1863, denounced 
 the sentence of banishment as a violation of the Constitution, 
 and he was nominated by this body as their candidate for 
 Governor; and at the election, held in October of the same 
 year, he was defeated by Brough by the unprecedented ma- 
 jority of 101,099 votes. been taken to the 
 
 United States Supreme Court, and was decided February 
 15th, 1864. A writ of certiorari had been asked directing 
 the Judge Advoc.ate Genenal to revise the sentence of the 
 court-martial as illegal for a citizen. This writ was refused, 
 as the court decided the court-martial was legal ; and even 
 if illegal, the Supreme Court had no jurisdiction in the case, 
 as a purely civil court could take no cognizance of the ac- 
 tions of a military tribunal. On March 7th, 1861, he wrote 
 his celebrated letter on “ Retaliation ” from Windsor, in 
 which he advised all citizens of Dayton, Ohio, who had 
 suffered at the hands of Union soldiers to retaliate in kind, 
 being their only course. He returned to Ohio June 15th, 
 
268 
 
 BIOGRArHICAL ENCVCLOP.RDIA. 
 
 1864, although the term of his sentence had not expired, 
 trusting to the puldic sentiment of the locality that he would 
 not be molested. On the same day he addressed the Demo- 
 cratic Convention at Hamilton, and two days later another 
 at Dayton. He was not arrested again by the government, 
 as he had not done anything very public or important. In 
 both 1864 and 1868 he ardently advocated the election of 
 the Democratic candidates for the Presidency, having served 
 as a delegate to both the Democratic National Conventions 
 of those years, held at Chicago and New York; and on the 
 defeat of his parly in the latter year, he retired for a time 
 from the political arena. When he emerged from his privacy 
 he had abandoned his former position, and advised a new 
 departure for the Democracy, based on an acquiescence in 
 the results of the war, and in the reconstruction legislation 
 of Congress. He enjoyed an excellent reputation as a 
 lawyer, and was a man of fine abilities. He was a member 
 of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and served as a delegate 
 in both the State and General Conventions of the church. 
 He was defending a man charged with murder, and while 
 handling a pistol to illustrate the homicidal act, he accident- 
 ally shot himself, and the wound proved mortal, his death 
 occurring June lyih, 1871. 
 
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 ||OODS, JOSEPH THATCHER, M. D., Physician, 
 was born, March i6th, 1831, in the town of 
 Columbiana, Ohio. His father is of German de- 
 scent, the grandfather of the latter having emi- 
 grated to this cotintiy with his two brothers to 
 better their fortunes. Their surname was Woltz. 
 found employment in a pious Eriend’s family, he 
 not only imbibed their tenets, but requested them to Angli- 
 cize his name, and this etfort resulted in the present nomen- 
 clature of “ Woods.” One of the brothers, however, retained 
 his original appellation, and thus the families are by name 
 divided. Dr. WMods’ mother was Rebecca Thatcher, said 
 to be a lineal descendant of a man bearing that name who 
 came from England in the “ Mayflower,” 1620. He re- 
 ceived his education primarily in a district school in Portage 
 county, Ohio, and completed it by occupying in study minutes 
 and hours that were not devoted to aiding his father in the 
 cultivation of a farm. He was constantly engaged in ac- 
 quiring all useful knowledge by close reading. Having 
 resolved to study medicine, he placed himself under the 
 preceptorship of the family physician, allhough he was en- 
 tirely without means; but by dint of performing extra work, 
 especially in harvest time, teaching school in the winter, and 
 the practice of the severest economy, he was at length able 
 to command the means by which he attended the lectures 
 delivered in the medical department of the University of 
 Michigan, from which institution he afterwards graduated. 
 He commenced the practice of his profession at a “ cross- 
 roads ” in Hancock county, Ohio, where he established a 
 professional reputation, perfectly satisfactory to himself at 
 
 least, and where he continued until August, 1862, when he 
 entered the United States service as the Surgeon of the 99th 
 Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. This regiment was 
 subsequently consolidated with the 50th Ohio, and he was 
 retained as the Surgeon. With these commands he was 
 continually at the front, and participated in various cam- 
 paigns, especially that of Atlanta. He was permanently 
 detailed as one of the operating Surgeons of the division, 
 and was often in charge of hospitals at the front, as well as 
 Surgeon of various posts. The last year of his service was 
 occupied with staff duty, and in this he continued until the 
 close of the war. After his return home, he accepted an 
 appointment as Professor of Physiology and Histology m 
 the Cleveland, Ohio, Medical College, and filled that chair 
 for six years. He subsequently withdrew his connection 
 with that school and removed to Toledo, where he resumed 
 the practice of his profession. In political matters he takes 
 a deep interest, and has ever been an ardent Republican, 
 but has never had any aspirations for filling any office in the 
 gift of the people. He is still unmarried. 
 
 (Sl'.NS 
 
 ' INSDALE, BURKE A., President of Hiram Col- 
 lege, was born, of New England parentage, in 
 Wadsworth, Medina county, Ohio, March 31st, 
 1837. Until after reaching manhood he worked 
 on a farm, and then entered the Western Reserve 
 Eclectic Institute, now Hiram College. Previous 
 to this time, however, he had attended the public schools 
 of the neighborhood, and had had a few terms of higher 
 instruction in the Eclectic Institute. He had had the usual 
 experience of rural school-teaching that falls to the lot of 
 so many young men in this country, who are anxious to im- 
 prove their minds and attain to a high grade of scholarship. 
 In i860 he was made an assistant-teacher in the institute 
 above referred to, and held the position for two years, when 
 he resigned. At the age of twenty-five he was united in 
 marriage to Mary E. Turner, of Cleveland, and about the 
 same time entered the ministry of the Christian Church, in 
 which he has since preached very regularly. In 1863 he re- 
 turned to Hiram as an instructor, remaining six years, and 
 then went to Solon, Cuyahoga county, to fill the pulpit of 
 the Christian Church there, in which pastorate he remained 
 two years. Thence he moved to Cleveland to fill the same 
 position in a church of the same denomination. In 1866 a 
 religious newspaper, favoring the cause of his accepted 
 faith, was started in Cleveland, called the Christian Stan- 
 dard, and for three years he was on its editorial staff, the 
 literary labor of book-reviewing being a part of his duties. 
 In 1869 he was elected Professor of History and English 
 Literature in Alliance College, which position he acceptably 
 filled for one year, and afterward occupied the same chair 
 in Hiram College for a like period. He received a flatter- 
 ing recognition of his qualities as a scholar and tutor in 1870, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 269 
 
 when he was elected to the Presidency of Hiram College. 
 In connection with his duties as President, he has also filled 
 the chair of Philosophy, History and Biblical Literature. 
 In the field of literature he is a frequent contribulor to the 
 Christian Quarterly, and in 1S72 a Cincinnati firm pub- 
 lished a work from his pen entitled “ The, Genuineness and 
 Authenticity of the Gospels,” which was well received by 
 readers of religious literature and inquiring minds generally. 
 In his writings he naturally leans very strongly to religious 
 subjects, although he is very fond of the historical as well. 
 He has not been a settled pastor since 1S67, but is, never- 
 theless, a constant preacher. He has received the honorary 
 degree of A. M. from Bethany College, West Virginia, and 
 Williams College, Massachusetts. No State outside of New 
 England is more famed for its institutions of learning than 
 Ohio, and Professor Hinsdale, although a comparatively 
 young man, holds a high rank among the instructors of 
 youth. He is a man of commanding appearance, approach- 
 ing six feet in height, with a well-built frame to support a 
 powerful intellect, that is ever active in promoting some 
 idea with voice or pen. 
 
 OHNS, D.VNIEL JAY, Physician, was born, March 
 1 8th, 1797, in West Stockbridge, Berkshire county, 
 Massachusetts, and was educated at Salisbury, 
 , ^ , Connecticut. Having selected medicine as his 
 future profession, he studied that science in the 
 medical department of Yale College, and, after a 
 careful examination by the professors and trustees of the 
 institution, received in 1818 a license to practise as a physi- 
 cian and surgeon. This date was prior to the passage of 
 the law which afterwards required the regular graduate to 
 receive a diploma. In the summer of the same year he 
 removed to Ohio and settled at Wellington, a town which 
 then existed only in name, and in which locality he has 
 ever since resided. He practised medicine among the early 
 settlers as well as among the aborigines. One of the latter 
 was Captain Williams, a half-breed, who had carried orders 
 from General (afterwards President) Harrison to Crown at 
 •Sandusky ; this Williams was tfie son of a daughter of Par- 
 son Williams, who had been stolen by the Indians during 
 the French war. His practice extended throughout the 
 then county of Medina (now Lorain and Medina) more 
 than twenty miles in all directions from his home in Well- 
 ington, and there was but another professional associate in 
 all that territory, so sparse was the population. He was 
 actively engaged for over forty years. He is now nearly 
 fourscore years of age, but retains his health remarkably 
 well. Some time ago he had an arm broken by the fall of 
 a limb, and it remained paralyzed for the period of two 
 years, but he has since regained its use. His political pro- 
 clivities inclined him to vote the Democratic ticket, but 
 after the election of General Jackson to the Presidency he 
 became a Whig ; and since the dissolution of the latter party 
 
 has adhered to the Republican organization. He was elected 
 a Magistrate, and served in that capacity for two terms. In 
 1838 he was appointed Associate Judge, and was on the 
 bench for seven years. In 1851 he was General Agent of 
 the Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati Railroad, and re- 
 mained in that office until the completion of the road. In 
 token of the valuable services he rendered that company, 
 and as a mark of their appreciation of his efforts in their 
 behalf, he was tendered by them a free pass over the line 
 during life. He was married in 1823 to Mary Wadsworth; 
 she died in 1870, leaving a numerous family. 
 
 'SLER, GUSTAVE, Manufacturer, of Cincinnati, 
 was born at Hultschim, Prussia, April 22d, 1816. 
 He served an apprenticeship as a lithographer, 
 and for many years carried on quite extensively 
 the lithographic business in the old country. But 
 desiring a new and freer field, and being con- 
 cerned, unfavorably to the reigning family, with the Prussian 
 domestic troubles of that time, he determined to come to the 
 United States, and accordingly landed in New York with his 
 family July 3d, 1849. In New York he learned cigar- 
 making. This he followed for some time after locating in 
 Cincinnati, to which city he removed in 1851. In 1S53, in 
 addition to the manufacturing of cigars, he began the litho- 
 grn]5hic business. These two he carried on quite largely 
 until the monetary crisis in 1857, when he was compelled, 
 under the pressure of the times, to turn his attention into a 
 new channel. And now commencing the world anew, as 
 when he first landed in America, so far as everything but a 
 large and favorable friendship was concerned, he in the 
 same year became business manager of the old German 
 paper, Jloclnuachter. In 1859, in connection wdth several 
 workmen of different safe manufactories, he organized the 
 Diebold, Bahmann & Co. Safe Manufactory. In 1865 he 
 established the Mosler, Moorman & Co. Mantel and Grate 
 Works. And shortly after this, with Mr. F'rederick Bah- 
 mann, he established the Mosler, Bahmann & Co. Fire and 
 Burglar-Proof .Safe Manufactory. He was President of the 
 company during his life, and lived to see it one of the most 
 flourishing manufacturing establishments of the country. A 
 member of seven different social orders, he filled in them 
 some of the highest and most responsible positions. His 
 w'ife was .Sophia Wiener. They had eight children, five 
 sons and three daughters. Mr. Mosler was one of the most 
 unwearyingly active business men of Cincinnati. In all his 
 adventures he was not probably successful, in the popular 
 sense of the term, but in all of them he was eminently suc- 
 cessful in leaving an honorable reputation. He died Sep- 
 tember 28th, 1874. One of his sons is Herr Henry Mosler, 
 the artist, now resident at Munich, the old art capital of 
 Germany. This young artist has already a world-wide re])U- 
 tation. In the night schools of Cincinnati he began his 
 
270 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 education. For many years his day hours were spent in the 
 tobacco factory, and his spare moments at all times with 
 James Beard and his own easel. Two years during the war 
 of the rebellion he was sketch correspondent of IJarpets’ 
 lVee/.:fy, and Aide-de-Camp to General Nelson and Briga- 
 dier-General Johnston of Indiana. One of his most popular 
 productions is the famous “ Lost Cause,” which established 
 his reputation as one of the first of American artists. 
 Many others of his works have been placed among the best 
 American productions of art, and have brought European 
 prices. He is married to Sarah Cahn, sister of D. Calm, 
 once proprietor of the Gibson House, and has two children. 
 Mr. Max Mosler, brother of the artist, now fills his father’s 
 place in the manufactory, and is President of the company. 
 Like the artist brother, he began his business career in a 
 tobacco factory. Before and during the war these brothers 
 carried on quite an extensive cigar manufactory. But this 
 business not proving desirable, he finally entirely abandoned 
 it. In 1862 Max entered the army as Lieutenant in the 
 loSth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. After one year’s service, 
 he was compelled to resign on account of bad health. 
 When his father organized the safe works in 1869, he en- 
 tered his employ as general agent for the company ; which 
 position he filled until in 1874, when he took the place he 
 now holds. He has m.ade several trips to Europe, and 
 travelled over the greater part of that continent. He is one 
 of the most thorough-going and accomplished young busi- 
 ness men of Cincinnati, and recently the entire management 
 of the vast business of the firm of which he is member has 
 devolved upon him. From the smallest beginning this house 
 has arisen to vast proportions, employing several hundred 
 workmen, and sending out yearly to all parts of the United 
 States and Canada thousands of their fine safes. The oldest 
 member of the firm now is Mr. Frederick Bahmann, an old 
 safe manufacturer, who was born in .Saxony, Germany, in 
 1820, and early emigrated to this country. He soon after 
 located in Cincinnati, where he has lived a successful and 
 honorable career. A few years ago he met with the great 
 misfortune of losing one of his legs, at which time his active 
 connection with the house ceased. 
 
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 WILLIAM COOK, Editor and Gr.and 
 Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, Inde- 
 pendent Order of Odd Fellows, was born at 
 Kendall, now Massillon, .Stark county, Ohio, 
 May 23d, 1817, and is a son of Gilberthorp and 
 Sarah Earl, both natives of New Jersey, and of 
 English descent. His youth w.as passed on a farm until he 
 reached his seventeenth birthday, atid during the winter 
 seasons he attended school in the primitive structures of 
 .those days. After leaving the farm he became a clerk, and 
 afterwards a partner in a store, remainitig there altogether 
 about ten years. He next engaged in the milling and manu- 
 
 [ facturing business, which he followed for several years. On 
 leaving this occupation he became editor of the Massillon 
 A’tnos, which he cotiducted successfully for three years, and 
 then accepted the position of Freight and Ticket Agent at 
 I Massillon for the then .Ohio & Pennsylvania, now the Pitts- 
 burgh, P'ort W’ayne & Chicago Railway. He remained in 
 ^ that connection two years, and left it to accept the post of 
 j General Freight and Ticket Agent on the recently completed 
 extension of that road from Crestline to Fort Wayne, then 
 i known as the Ohio & Indiana Railroad. On retiring from 
 j that position he removed to Toledo, where he edited for 
 j some time the Daily Toledo Blade, which he relinquished 
 to assume the duties of the office he has filled for the past 
 I fifteen years — that of Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge 
 of Odd Fellows of the State of Ohio. In 1850 he was Grand 
 I Master of the same jurisdiction, and for eight years has been 
 its representative in the Grand Lodge of the United States. 
 He has been for a number of years President of the Toledo 
 Agricultural Works. In political matters he was formerly 
 an old- line Whig, and since the organization of the Repub- 
 lican party he has been an active and zealous member of the 
 same. He has never sought political office, being content 
 with the occupations and positions he has held in private 
 life. He served for seven years as Canal Collector; was a 
 Trustee of the Ohio Lunatic Asylum for ten years, being 
 .appointed by three different Governors; and is now, by elec- 
 tion, a member of the Police Board of the city of Toledo. 
 He was married, January 30th, 1843, Rev. John Swan, 
 at Massillon, to Harriet T. Wheeler, formerly of Portsmouth, 
 New Hampshire, and who is still living. His family con- 
 sists of four sons, all of whom have now grown to manhood. 
 
 OHNSON, HON. W. W., Lawyer, Banker and 
 Jurist, was born, August 17th, 1826, in Muskingum 
 county, Ohio. His father removed from Litch- 
 field county, Connecticut, and his mother from 
 Brooke county, Virginia, in 1800, and were among 
 the earliest settlers of eastern Ohio. Their .son 
 was reared in the country, having the advantages and sub- 
 ject to the usual incidents of life on a new farm, engaged in 
 clearing and cultivating it, and attending the log school- 
 house in the winters. Being ambitious of mental culture, 
 he devoted all of his leisure moments to the improvement 
 of his mind ; endowed wdth studious habits, he passed his 
 evenings and rainy days in study and reading, and later in 
 life taught school in winter for some five years. In 1849 
 he studied mathematics for one session at Muskingum Col- 
 lege ; and in April, 1850, commenced reading law in Cincin- 
 nati, under the preceptorship of the late Judge Parker. He 
 remained with him only three months, finishing his course 
 in the office of Judge Con vers, ot Zanesville, a man pre-emi- 
 nent in that part of the State for his great learning in the 
 law, of which he gave his students the benefit, inspiring 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 271 
 
 them with a portion of his own zeal for the profession. He 
 was admitted to the bar in September, 1S52, by Judges 
 Ranney, Stillwell, Jewett, and Alexander, who examined 
 him in person, without the usual form of appointing a com- 
 mittee. In the autumn of the same year he located in 
 Ironton, Lawrence county, Ohio, where he has since re- 
 sided. Filled with an honorable emulation, with a fair 
 field before him, it was not long before he became known 
 as a rising man in his profession. In 1858 he was elected 
 Judge of the second subdivision of the Seventh Judicial 
 District, and was twice re-elected. With an interval of 
 two years at the bar, he continued on the bench until 1873, 
 when he resigned to try the benefits of a change for his 
 health. In 1874 he was nominated by the Republican 
 Convention to fill the vacancy in the Supreme Court occa- 
 sioned by the resignation of the late Judge Stone. The 
 nomination was by acclamation and a marked testimonial 
 to his standing as a Judge. After his resignation, above 
 referred to, he took charge of the Second National Bank of 
 Ironton, where he continued until February, 1876, when 
 he accepted the appointment tendered him by Governor 
 Ilayes, as one of the Supreme Court Commission — under 
 the amendment to the Constitution of the State — to dispose 
 of the accumulated docket of the Supreme Court. In the 
 community where he resides he enjoys the entire confidence 
 of all who know him, regardless of party or condition, as 
 one of the purest of men, reliable in every respect, though 
 modest and retiring, passing for less than his real worth — a 
 man of great and substantial attainments. He was married 
 in 1854 to Eila, daughter of the late Judge Blocksom, of 
 Zanesville, Ohio. 
 
 HERIDAN, LIEUTENANT-GENERAL 
 PHILIP HENRY, was born in the village of 
 Somerset, Perry county, Ohio, March 6th, 1831. 
 His parents were recent emigrants from county 
 Cavan, in the north of Ireland, and were devout 
 Catholics. He was scrupulously reared in this 
 faith. About his native village there had long been gather- 
 ing a Catholic population, and the “ Church of St. Joseph ” 
 there was noted as one of the oldest houses of worship in 
 the State. He received the usual advantages of the rural 
 schools, and when old enough to help in the support of the 
 family, he was placed as store clerk with a Mr. Talbot, a 
 small hardware dealer, where he remained for some time. 
 His employer, taking an interest in him, taught him mathe- 
 matics and encouraged him to study history. The boy was 
 intelligent, active, and faithful. An opportunity to do 
 better being offered, he entered the service of a Mr. Henry 
 Dutton, also as a store clerk. Meantime his studies in 
 mathematics and history were progressing with success, and 
 he began to aspire to something better than the life of a 
 clerk in a country store. There was quite a pressure being 
 brought upon General Thomas Ritchey for the appointment 
 
 to a vacancy at West Point, and he tells this story ; “At last 
 there came a letter accompanied by no testimonials, no in- 
 fluential recommendations or appeals from wealthy parents. 
 It simply asked that the place might be given to the writer, 
 and was signed ‘ Phil. Sheridan.’ The boy needed no 
 recommendation, for I knew him and his father before him, 
 and I appointed him at once.” When the future general 
 entered West Point he was seventeen years old, and he 
 found himself in the same class with James B. McPherson, 
 afterwards general, and who met his death in the late war. 
 Among his other classmates were Schofield, Terrell, Tyler> 
 Sill, and the rebel General Hood. His high animal spirits 
 made his career at West Point a troublesome one for his 
 preceptors, and though above the average, he was not high 
 in his recitations because of his frequent appearance in the 
 column of demerits. He was continually transgressing the 
 rules, and on one occasion flogged a classmate for an 
 alleged insult. F'or this he was compelled to stay an addi- 
 tional year at the academy. This little incident explains 
 why, though the date of his admission was in the year 1848, 
 he was not admitted to the service till 1853. His suspen- 
 sion had thrown him over into the class succeeding that in 
 which he should have graduated. When in his twenty- 
 third year, having finished his course, he was assigned to 
 the 1st Infantry as Brevet Second Lieutenant, and was soon 
 promoted to a full Second Lieutenancy in the 4th Infantiy. 
 His first service was on the Texas frontier against the In- 
 dians. One story of the way his promotion was brought 
 about is as follows : 
 
 “ Lieutenant Sheridan had ere long to try his powers 
 with the Apache warriors. One day he was outside the 
 fort with two others, when a band of those savages sud- 
 denly sprang upon them. The chief, not dreaming of 
 resistance from three men amid several times their number, 
 leaped from his ‘ fiery mustang’ to seize his ])risoners. In 
 an instant Sheridan was on the back of the wild charger 
 and galloping away to F'ort Duncan. He summoned the 
 troops to arms, seized his pistols without dismounting, and 
 hastened back like a flying warrior to the aid of the two 
 companions who were heroically fighting for life. Dashing 
 up to the enraged chief, he levelled a pistol at his head, 
 ‘ crack ’ went the little weapon, and, with a mad leap into 
 the air, the Indian fell dead at the feet of the Lieutenant’s 
 horse. The soldiers that followed him then came up, and 
 the just now exulting band was ridden down and most of 
 the number killed. The valiant deed, however, won no 
 commendation from the commandant of the fort, who 
 seemed to have a .Southern prejudice against the ‘ Western 
 boy.’ The irritated, jealous ofiicer charged his lieutenant 
 with breach of discipline because he was aw'ay from his 
 command. That commander was a Confederate general in 
 the late civil war. For two years Sheridan was thus em- 
 ])loyed in the defence of the Southern frontier; at one time 
 leading a company of soldiers to a threatened settlement, 
 and at another cautiously making explorations, not knowing 
 where the stealthy savage would rise from ambush, or fire 
 his weapon from its unknown seclusion. But the unfor- 
 tunate displeasure of his superior officer, and the collisions 
 attending, induced Sheridan to seek a different ])ost of duty. 
 Accordingly the War Department, in the spring of 1855, 
 
272 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 created him a full Lieutenant in the 4th Infantry, then in 
 Oregon.” 
 
 Until the opening of the war, with only a brief interval, 
 he was on the frontier in active service. In 1855 he com- 
 manded the escort of an exploring party through Oregon, 
 seeking a route for a branch of the Pacific Railroad. The 
 following year he behaved so gallantly in a fight with the 
 Yokimas, near P'ort Vancouver, as to receive special men- 
 tion in general orders. He had command of the Yokima 
 reservation in 1857, and his admirable control of affairs 
 elicited praise from General Scott. He soon after estab- 
 lished a military post at Yamhill, and concluded an advan- 
 tageous treaty with the Coquillo Indians. He had become 
 a daring Indian fighter, well versed in their mode of war- 
 fare, but never provoking them, and always ready to pre- 
 serve the peace. At last he was rewarded with a Captain’s 
 commission in the 13th Infantry, and with it news came of 
 the threatenings of civil war. This suited his combative 
 nature. “ If they will fight us,” he wrote to a friend in 
 “ the States,” “let them know we accept the challenge.” 
 And he added, with an ambition rather dwarfish in view 
 of what he afteiwvards attained: “ Who knows? Perhaps I 
 may have a chance to earn a Major’s commission.” The 
 war cloud broke over the land, and he was ordered to 
 report at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri. He arrived at the 
 timeP'remont had been removed, and was made President 
 of the Board to audit the claims under his administration. 
 This w'as very dull routine for so impatient and active a 
 soldier, but he did the w’ork satisfactorily, and he was made 
 Quartermaster and Commissary under Curtis. He W'orked 
 faithfully in his new duties, and felt that he w'as being 
 rapidly advanced, seeing that he was sixty-fourth on the 
 list of Captains. Having displeased his commanding gen- 
 eral by criticising his mode of conducting the affairs of the 
 Quartermaster’s Department, after the battle of Pea Ridge 
 he was sent to St. Louis under arrest. This affair w'as 
 satisfactorily settled, and he was sent to Wisconsin to buy 
 horses — a rather slow mission for the gallant cavalryman, 
 but he was no doubt a good judge of horses! ^Meanwhile 
 the cavalry arm of the service vvas in a very incomplete 
 state, and Halleck, knowing his mettle, ordered him to 
 report at Corinth, where he did staff duty. Pittsburgh 
 Landing had just been fought. Bushwhacking had become 
 an important feature in the rebel mode of warfare, and the 
 daring raids of these men needed a counter-irritant. Sheri- 
 dan was made Colonel of the 2d Michigan, and soon after 
 started toward Booneville on his first raid. His reckless 
 daring at once manifested itself, and a second regiment wms 
 added to his command. He made a dash after the guerilla 
 P'orrest, and was so successful in it that he w’as formally 
 made commander of a cavalry brigade and sent to Boone- 
 ville, tw'enty miles in front of the army. Here the memor- 
 able battle of Booneville occurred. On the ist of July, 
 1862, a rebel force numbering between four and five thou- 
 
 sand attacked his force of two regiments. He retreated 
 slowly, but kept up a continuous fire. The day was going 
 against him, but he determined to hazard a bold move to 
 regain it. Selecting a body of reliable men, about a hun- 
 dred in all, he sent them by a circuitous route to the rear 
 of the rebels. In the meantime the main body fought 
 desperately. Suddenly the enemy w’ere startled by the 
 crack of carbines in the rear, and in their bewdlderment they 
 thought a whole brigade had come to the rescue. Amid 
 this confusion Sheridan made an impetuous charge, and the 
 day was his, the enemy fleeing in great disorder. This gal- 
 lant fight made his name famous, and his bravery brought 
 him a Brigadier-General’s commission, to date from the day 
 of the hard-fought battle and victory. But after his promo- 
 tion he was detailed to an infantry command, and kept for 
 a considerable time away from the field of service for which 
 he was so peculiarly fitted. In a letter written since the 
 war he says : 
 
 “It has been said that I was ‘lucky’ during the rebel- 
 lion in the success which attended me; but whether I was 
 or not, I believe there was no general officer in the service 
 who was subjected to harder tests. I was not only changed 
 from one arm of the service to another, but was constantly 
 being changed from one line of operations to another, each 
 involving new geographical and topographical study, the 
 necessity of overcoming the local prejudices of soldiers of 
 different armies, and the old and bitter prejudices between 
 infantry and cavalry.” 
 
 Still, in spite of these drawbacks, he had made rapid 
 progress. Bragg was threatening Louisville at the time of 
 his arrival in Kentucky, and Buell was hurrying to head 
 him off. He put the city in a position for defence. Join- 
 ing Buell’s army on its arrival, he did good service in the 
 pursuit of Bragg, which ended at Perryville. ^Yhen Rose- 
 crans assumed command, he was transferred to McCook’s 
 wing of the army — the right. He behaved with great 
 gallantry at the battle of Stone River, and bore off the 
 honors with Rosecrans. A Major-General’s commission 
 dated from this battle. He took part in the battle of Chick- 
 amauga, one of the bloodiest of the war, but his conduct 
 was not so conspicuous as at Stone River. He nevertheless 
 behaved with great courage and was effective in his move- 
 ments. After the removal of Rosecrans his command was 
 considerably enlarged. The storming of Mission Ridge was 
 one of the most brilliant military assaults recorded in his- 
 tory. In leading the charge he had a horse shot under 
 him, and five shots penetrated difl'erent parts of his uniform, 
 but he came out without a scratch. His bravery on this 
 occasion amounted almost to rashness. He was ever in the 
 thickest of the fight and cheering his men. Soon after this 
 battle Grant applied for his transfer to the East. He was 
 made Chief of Cavalry to the Army of the Potomac. A few 
 weeks later he was covering the flank of the army as it 
 moved upon the wilderness. The year that followed 
 brought him to the very pinnacle of fame. He had sent to 
 the War Department during that time two hundred and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 273 
 
 five battle-flags captured in open fight, and about one hun- 
 dred and seventy field-pieces. His command fought 
 seventy-si.x battles in eleven months, all but thirteen of 
 which were under his personal supervision. The story of 
 these battles form the greater part of the history of the 
 cavalry operations of the war. He has been censured for 
 the devastation of the Shenandoah Valley, but not from 
 official sources. He thoroughly believed in making a waste 
 of the enemy’s country, to bring them the quicker to terms, 
 and thus hastening the war to a close; though to his credit 
 be it said he permitted no outrages in occupied territory, 
 and was quick to punish transgressors when found. His 
 memorable exploits in the valley are some of the most bril- 
 liant pages in military history, and “ Sheridan’s Ride ” was 
 the theme of a distinguished poet. During his service here 
 he was made a Brigadier-General of the regular army, to 
 fill the vacancy created by the death of his old classmate 
 McPherson. The country was excited to the highest pitch 
 of admiration over his successes. The rebels, under Long- 
 street and Early, made one more desperate effort to crush 
 him, and this led to his memorable “ Ride ” from Win- 
 chester. He had been called to Washington on October 
 13th, 1864, for a military consultation. The oft-beaten 
 rebels m.assed their troops and began a stealthy march from 
 Fisher’s Hill. The full details of the march and attack 
 cannot be given here. Suffice it to say that a largely in- 
 creased force of rebels suddenly attacked the Union army, 
 and sent them flying in retreat to Winchester. Sheridan 
 had returned from Washington during the night, had made 
 an early breakfast, and was riding through Winchester. A 
 mile from the town he met the first fugitives. Instantly 
 grasping the situation, he gave his orders quickly, and 
 started at once for the scene of danger. He had no word 
 of reproach for those he met, but cheered and encouraged 
 them to return and fight their pursuers. “ Face the other 
 way, boys; face the other way! W^e are going to lick 
 them out of their boots ! ” And they did “ face the other 
 way.” Cheered by the presence of their brave commander, 
 they reformed in line of battle. He did not even assume 
 the defensive, but turned the tide of battle into the most 
 brilliant victory of his military career. The effect upon the 
 countiy was electric. Within sight of Richmond Grant 
 fired one hundred guns in honor of the victory. The resig- 
 nation of McClellan made a vacant Major-Generalship in 
 the regular army. He was given the commission. The 
 General now began to co-operate more closely with Grant 
 and Sherman in the encircling of Richmond. He harassed 
 the enemy at the most unexpected points. He was active, 
 relentless, aggressive — always within sight of the foe. At 
 the close of the war he was transferred to the Southwest. 
 All became peace there with bis appearance. His connec- 
 tion with the “reconstruction” troubles has been the sub- 
 ject of much criticism, but he certainly brought order and 
 quiet wherever he was detailed for that purpose. After a 
 long and varied career in the South, President Johnson, 
 
 35 
 
 who never liked his summary mode of dealing with the 
 rebel element, removed him to the frontier. The General 
 of the Army protested, but it was of no avail. In his old 
 role of an Indian fighter he was perfectly at home. W’hen 
 his old commander and warm personal friend was elected. 
 Pj'esident, Lieutenant-General Sherman succeeded him as 
 General of the Army, and the dashing cavalryman donned 
 the latter’s epaulettes. He is the most active of the high- 
 grade officers of the regular army, and the authorities 
 despatch him wherever danger threatens. He has a quick 
 way of dealing with turbulent bodies, and even warm 
 friends of the administration thought him unnecessarily 
 severe in branding the Louisiana Legislature as “banditti,” 
 when called to that State recently to preserve order. In 
 person General Sheridan is short, stout, with a deep chest. 
 His military presence is the most striking when on horse- 
 back. He is popular with his officers, and especially so in 
 society. He was married in 1875. 
 
 RIMBLE, WILLIAM ALLEN, Lieutenant- 
 Colonel United States Army, and United States 
 Senator from Ohio. The memorable conflict 
 called the Second War of American Independ- 
 ence brought to the front many a gallant and 
 patriotic citizen soldier, who confronted the 
 trained and haughty Briton on many a sanguinary battle- 
 field from Niagara and the Canadian frontier to the shores 
 of the Chesapeake and Potomac, culminating at New 
 Orleans in General Jackson’s signal triumph of the 8lh Jan- 
 uary, 1815. Conspicuous among the gallant and heroic 
 men of Ohio, Hillsborough is proud of the militaiy fame 
 and public services of Wdliam Allen Trimble, whose early 
 years were identified with the primal settlement of High- 
 land county. He was the second son of Captain James 
 Trimble, a soldier of the Virginia line in 1776, who, after 
 the Revolutionary war, removed to Kentucky and settled in 
 Woodford county in 1783. His son William received a 
 liberal education at Transylvania College, Lexington, and 
 commenced the study of law at Paris, Kentucky, under the 
 late Judge Robert Trimble, United States Supreme Court, 
 then a leading lawyer of Kentucky. His father having 
 died in 1S04, the family removed to Highland county, Ohio, 
 the next year, 1805, under the auspices of his eldest 
 brother, Allen Trimble, late Governor of Ohio. In 1807 
 he came to Ohio and assisted his brothers in opening up a 
 farm near Hillsborough, and the next year repaired to 
 Chillicothe, the capital of Ohio, and entered the law office 
 of Hon. W. H. Creighton, member of Congress from that 
 district. In the summer of 1810 he accepted the situation 
 of an assistant in a large and popular boarding school under 
 the control of a Swiss gentleman. Major Joseph Neef, at the 
 Falls of Schuylkill, near Philadelphia. Two of his younger 
 brothers — Cary A., aged fifteen, and John A., aged nine — 
 
274 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL PINCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 accompanied him, crossing the mountains in a strong single 
 gig, constructed for the rmigh and fatiguing journey of five 
 hundred miles. He remained one year with Mr. Neef, and 
 visited Litchlield, Connecticut, to complete his studies at 
 that celebrated law school, under Judge Story. He there 
 met the late Judge Bellamy Storer, of Ohio, as a classmate. 
 Returning to Ohio in the winter of i8ii, he opened a law 
 office in Hillsborough, and prepared to enter upon his pro- 
 fession with flattering prospects. But another sphere 
 awaited him. The thrilling and stirring news of war with 
 England reached him by messenger midway between 
 Hillsborough and West Union, in the adjoining county, 
 whither he was going to attend the first court after his ad- 
 mission to the bar. The herald was a fast rider, with an 
 order from General McCarthurs calling on Highland county 
 for a quota of one hundred volunteers. The young lawyer 
 forgot his cherished profession, and turning his horse home- 
 avards, his maiden speech was made the ne.xt day in the 
 public square of Hillsborough, to the citizen soldiers of 
 Higliland, who had rallied to the call of their country. In 
 a few days two full companies of one hundred men each 
 were mustered into service and marched to head-quarters at 
 Dayton, under the command of Captains John Jones and 
 George W. Barrere. Mr. Trimble entered the company of 
 Jones as a private, and upon the organization of McCarthurs’ 
 r?giment was chosen MajQr. That little army, of the 4th 
 United States Infantry, with the brigade of General Find- 
 lay, took up its toilsome and laborious march through a 
 dense and impenetrable forest of four hundred miles through 
 Ohio and Michigan, and shared the inglorious fortunes of 
 Hull in his cowardly surrender of four thousand men to 
 General Brock, at Detroit. As a prisoner of war Major 
 Trimble was paroled and returned to Ohio. Ordered to 
 attend the court-martial for the trial of General Hull, at 
 Albany, New York, he returned via Washington city, and, 
 soliciting it, procured the appointment of Major for the 
 26th Infantry, to be recruited in Ohio. His young brother, 
 C. A. Trimble, a youth of seventeen, received the appoint- 
 ment of Lieutenant in the same regiment. In the spring 
 of 1813 he was superintending the recruiting department, 
 while General • Harrison was at Dayton, Ohio, making 
 active preparadons for a campaign to recover Detroit and 
 wipe out the stain of General Hull’s surrender. Major 
 Trimble was not yet e.\changed as a prisoner, and was not 
 eligible to active duties in the field against the British. 
 H e waited upon General Harrison, at Dayton, and pro- 
 cured a commission of Colonel for his brother, Allen 
 Trimble, to raise a b.attalion of five hundred mounted men, 
 armed and equipped for the relief of Fort Wayne, on the 
 Maumee, then beleaguered by the hostile Indians under 
 Tecumseh. The stipulation w'as that this force should be 
 mustered at Dayton in ten days. Major Trimble gave the 
 pledge, and riding all night, fifty miles, to Hillsborough, 
 handed his brother the commission and instructions from 
 Gneral Harrison. They took the field, travelling through 
 
 Highland and Adams counties, and two battalions of five 
 hundred men responded to the call ami marched to Dayton 
 within the time. The late Judge John W. Campbell, then 
 a young lawyer of West Union, took an active part in en- 
 rolling the troops from Adams county. These troops, under 
 command of Coionel Allen Trimble, Major Massna, and 
 Major Trimble, of the 26th, as volunteer Adjutant of the 
 regiment, marched to Fort Wayne and dispersed the Indians 
 from their towns on the Mississinewa river, thus opening 
 and protecting the march of Harrison to Fort Meigs. It 
 was a patriotic and Spartan sentiment which inspired this 
 gallant expedition, and is a thrilling episode of the cam- 
 paign of 1813 rarely if at all referred to in its history. In 
 the spring of 1814, Major Trimble, having received his 
 exchange, joined his regiment, which was then consolidated 
 with another, and formed the veteran 19th, distinguished at 
 Chippewa, Lundy’s Lane, and Niagara. Arriving at Buf- 
 falo, he assumed command of that important post and of 
 Black Rock ; the main army, under General Gaines, occu- 
 pying the defences of old Fort Erie, on the Canada side. 
 The night of the 141!’. of August, 1814, was the memorable 
 assault of the whole British army upon the American forces 
 under General Gaines. Late that evening Major Trimble, 
 anticipating a battle, waited upon General Gaines and was 
 permitted to take the command at Buff.do, while another 
 officer took the command of his own regiment, the 19th, 
 stationed in the bastions and block-houses of the fort. He 
 had by lamplight examined into all the positions of his reg- 
 iment and defences of his exposed position. As was anti- 
 cipated, in the impenetrable darkness of a stormy night 
 the enemy’s veteran columns, led by Colonels Drummond 
 and Scott, approached the parapets of the fort, and with 
 scaling ladders and charge of bayonet, had carried like a 
 tornado the principal batteries of Townson and Douglas, 
 and pressing to the position of the 19th, under Major 
 Trimble, Drummond shouted the watchword, “ Give the 
 d — d Yankees no quarter! ” But he was received with a 
 volley of musketry and charge of bayonet which hustled 
 them headlong into the ditch. Drummond fell within six 
 feet of the position of Major Trimble; Colonel Scott, of the 
 103d Royal Regiment, was also killed, and his sword — a 
 fine Damascus blade — Colonel Trimble secured and wore 
 during his subsequent military career. General Brown 
 assuming the command of the army, and finding that Fort 
 Erie was commanded by the British position, determined, 
 on the 17th of September, 1814, to assault his strongly in- 
 trenched camp. In this memorable and successful move- 
 ment Major Trimble, in Miller’s brigade, was in the 
 advance, and after storming arid carrying two redoubts, fell 
 mort.ally wounded, as it was thought, within the British 
 lines, shot through the lungs. He lay many weeks recov- 
 ering from his wound at the hospitable home of his friend 
 and comrade in the sortie, Gener.al T. B. Porter, of Black 
 Rock, after his removal from Fort Erie, and to the great 
 surprise of the surgeon. Dr. Trowbridge, he was restored to 
 
275 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL 
 
 active duties in the field. He was brevetted, Sejitembei" 
 17th, 1S14, for his gallant services in the sortie and defence 
 of Fort Erie, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and 
 upon peace being established was retained in the army 
 with the same rank in the Sth Infantry, Colonel Nicholas, 
 of Kentucky. In the fall of 1815 he was ordered, with 
 his regiment, to .St. Louis, Missouri, and in the winter 
 of th.at year established the military post of Fort Des 
 Moines. His command was then ordered to Natchitoches, 
 ascending the Red river in keel-boats and barges. From 
 thence he was ordered to New Orleans, with the command 
 of the Eighth Military Department under General Jack- 
 son, co-operating with him in his celebr.ated Florida cam- 
 paign of 1818, and capture of St. Marks and Pensacola. 
 Becoming weary of the monotony of military life in time 
 of peace, and his health being apparently restored, he 
 returned to the home of his brothers in Hillsborough, and 
 tendered his resignation in the army. In the election for 
 United States Senator, in 1819-20, Colonel Trimble’s 
 military services, and his high character for patriotism 
 and intelligence, caused his name to be presented as a 
 candidate for that honorable position. His opponent was 
 the late Governor Worthington, and he was elected after 
 a spirited contest. His senatorial career was short, serving 
 only one session, but it was marked by a large and ear- 
 nest public spirit. In the fall of 1821 he was invited by 
 his old friend and comrade in the army, Governor Cass, 
 of Michigan, to meet him at Chicago, then old Fort 
 Dearborn, where a council was held with the Northwest 
 Indians for the cession of Wisconsin, etc. On his return 
 to Detroit in an open barge, with the Governor and suite, 
 the exposure caused inflammation of his old wound, 
 through the lungs, and with slow and weaiy stage he 
 reached Washington City, where he breathed his last, 
 surrounded by many personal friends endeared to him 
 by military and social relations, among whom was his 
 early and estimable friend. Judge Campbell, representing 
 his district in Congress, and who received his last message 
 of love to a devoted mother and affectionate family. He 
 was buried at the National Cemetery, under the auspices 
 of the Senate, with all the civil and military honors 
 which his country could confer on a gallant and meri- 
 torious soldier and Senator. He died, December 21st, 
 
 1821, aged thirty-six years. A career which prom- 
 ised to be one of exceptional brilliancy and usefulness 
 was thus terminated at little more than its outset. His 
 young and gallant brother and comrade in the army. 
 Captain C. H. Trimble, died in September preceding, 
 and still another younger brother. Dr. Cyrus W. Trimble, 
 of Chillicothe, followed them to the grave the next year, 
 
 1822. They were all educated and accomplished gentle- 
 men, everywhere esteemed for their worth, and the loss 
 of such citizens was a shock and calamity which the pulilic 
 deeply felt and appreciated in cordial sympathy with the 
 bereaved family. 
 
 ENCVCLOP-EDIA. 
 
 o/fP/flABER, COLONEL LLEWELLYN, Lawyer, Rep- 
 resentative in the General Assembly and Dele- 
 gate to the Constitutional Convention, was born 
 at Roxton, a country seat in Jefferson county, 
 Virginia, near Summit Point, on August 3d, 
 1824, being the only son of Rev. James Baber, 
 an Old School Presbyterian minister, and of Maria Jordan 
 Llewellyn, a woman of sincere piety and rare intelligence. 
 She was one of four daughters of Richard Llewellyn and 
 Philippa Bate, of St. Maiy’s county, Maryland, where the 
 Llewellyn family settled at the organization of the Mary- 
 land colony. John Llewellyn came to America with Lord 
 Baltimore in 1634, and was the custodian of the land 
 records of the colony. Richard Llewellyn removed from 
 Virginia to Kentucky in 1818, and died at Louisville, 
 .August 6th, 1832. Colonel Baber’s father was born in 
 Hanover county, Virginia, in 1794, and was a descendant 
 of the earliest English settlers in that colony. He died at 
 Columbus, Ohio, August 19th, 1863, his wife having died 
 in Virginia, October 6th, 1850. The education of Colonel 
 Baber, until nine years of age, was conducted by his 
 mother with skill and devotion, his father’s pastoral en- 
 gagements preventing him from giving that superintendence 
 to his son’s studies which he so much desired. When nine 
 years of age he was sent to the academy at Carmichael- 
 town, Greene county, Pennsylvania, where his father was 
 officiating as a clergyman, and in that institution received 
 the thorough drilling in the classics and the leading English 
 branches which contributed so much to his success as a 
 collegian. In 1837 he returned with his father to Jefferson 
 county, Virginia, and his preparation for college was com- 
 pleted at Battletown Academy and in private schools. In 
 1841 he entered Princeton College, New Jersey, becoming 
 a member of the sophomore class, and graduated in Sep- 
 tember, 1843, honors of Greek orator. Upon 
 
 leaving this institution he went to Columbus, Ohio, and 
 commenced to read law in the oflice of Hon. Noah 11 . 
 Swayne, now Associate-Justice of the Supreme Court of 
 the United .States, to whom he is related by marriage. His 
 removal to Ohio, instead of to Tennessee, was at the 
 earnest solicitation of his mother, who belonged to the old 
 school of Virginia Emancipationists, and, under the belief 
 that civil strife must follow eventually in the slaveholding 
 States of the South, desired her son’s destiny to be with the 
 free West. Columbus was a small place wdien he entered 
 upon the study of law with .Swayne & Bates; but the hold- 
 ing of the United States District and Circuit Courts there. 
 Judge McLean being upon the bench of the Circuit Court, 
 brought to that place the Ewings, the Stansburys, the 
 Walkers and other distinguished lawyers of the State. 
 Under these circumstances the capital afforded Colonel 
 Baber most excellent opportunities for thoroughly jireparing 
 himself for practice. At the December term, in 1845. 
 the Supreme Court of Ohio, at Lancaster, he was admitted 
 to the bar, after a most critical and searching examination, 
 
276 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 conducted by Mr. Rrazee, Mr. Ewing, and Mr. Stansbury, 
 who subsequently became Attorney-General for the United 
 States. He settled in Piqua, Miami county, and after a 
 year’s residence in that place removed to Xenia, where he 
 made his home until 1850, when he returned to Columbus. 
 In these localities be had discharged his professional duties 
 with skill, and was gradually earning a standard reputa- 
 tion for excellence as an advocate and counsel. In Janu- 
 ary, 1853, he became the law partner of Judge Swayne, on 
 the election of the latter’s old associate, J. L. Bates, Esq., 
 to the Common Pleas bench. For seven years Colonel 
 Baber continued in the laborious practice of the profession 
 in a firm which had the largest business at the capital, as- 
 sisting Judge Swayne, one of the strongest advocates and 
 most diligent preparers of briefs in the State. In addition 
 to controlling the office business he took part in the trial 
 and argument of every case in court. In the spring of i860 
 this partnership was dissolved, and in the campaign of the 
 fall of that year Colonel Balier was mainly engaged in 
 stumping the .State as one of the electors on the Lincoln 
 ticket. At the outbreak of the civil war he was appointed 
 Paymaster, and acted as such until November, 1865, when 
 he was mustered out and brevetted as Lieutenant-Colonel 
 for faithful and meritorious services. From boyhood he 
 had always manifested a decided taste for politics. In 
 1S54, upon the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, Colonel 
 Baber, who had been Secretary of the Whig State Com- 
 mittee, actively labored to produce a co-operation of all the 
 opponents of the repeal in the anti-Nebraska movement. 
 In 1855 he declined to vote for Chase for Governor, on ac- 
 count of his course when elected United .States Senator in 
 1849 under the Morse-Townshend bargain and sale in the 
 I.egislature. He refused to affiliate with the Know- 
 Nothing movement, and was one of the few hundred 
 Whigs of P’ranklin county who stuck to their old allegiance 
 to the last. In 1856 he supported P'remont and Dayton for 
 the Presidency and Vice- Presidency, and slumped the State 
 for them. In June, 1859, when the rivalry for the Presi- 
 dential nomination was keenest among Governor Chase, 
 Hon. William H. Seward, Judge Bates and Simon Cam- 
 eron, the thought occui red to Colonel Baber, after a careful 
 re.ading of tbe Douglas-Lincoln debate, reported in the 
 Chicago Tribune, that Abraham Lincoln would make the 
 most available candidate for that nomination. He com- 
 municated this opinion to the Hon. Samuel Galloway, of 
 Ohio, and it was agreed that the latter should write to Mr. 
 Lincoln on the subject, which he at once did. The re- 
 sponse to this very tersely and very forcibly discusses the 
 issues at stake in the political contest of that time as 
 follows : 
 
 Springfield, Illinois, July 28, 1859. 
 
 Hon. Samuel Galloway : — My Dear Sir : — Your very 
 complimentary, not to say flattering, letter of the 23d inst. 
 is received. Dr. Reynolds had induced me to expect you 
 here, and I was disappointed not a little by your failure to 
 come, and yet I fear you have formed an estimate of me 
 
 [ which can scarcely be sustained on a personal acquaintance. 
 Two things jrlone by the Dhio Republican Convention, 
 namely; the repudiation of Judge Swan and the “plank” 
 for a repeal of the -P'ugitive Slave law, I veiy much re- 
 gretted. These two things are of a piece; and they are 
 viewed by many good men, sincerely ojjposed to slavery, as 
 a struggle against and in disregard of the Constitution 
 itself. And it is the very thing that will greatly endanger 
 our cause, if it be not kept out of our National Convention. 
 There is another thing our friends are doing which gives 
 me some uneasiness. It is their leaning towards “ Poimlar 
 Sovereignty.” There are three substantial objeclions to 
 ibis: First, no party can command respect which sustains 
 this year what it opposed last. Secondly, Douglas (who is 
 ihe most dangerous enemy of liberty, because the most in- 
 sidious one) would have little support in the Norih, and by 
 consequence no capital to trade on in the .South, if it were not 
 for our friends Ihus magnifying him and his humbug; but 
 lastly, and chiefly, Douglas’ Popular Sovereignty, accepted 
 by the public mind as a great principle, nationalizes slavery 
 and revives the African slave trade inevitably. Taking 
 slaves into new Territories and buying slaves in Africa are 
 iilentical things — identical rights or identical wrojtgs — and 
 the argument which establishes one will establish the other. 
 Try a thousand years for a sound reason why Congress 
 shall not hinder the people of Kansas from having slaves, 
 and when you have found it, it will be an equally good one 
 why Congress should not hinder the jreople of Georgia from 
 importing slaves from Africa. As to Governor Chase, I 
 have a kind side for him. He was one of the few distin- 
 guished men of the nation who gave us their sympathy last 
 year. I never saw him, suppose him to be able and right 
 minded ; but still he may not be the most suitable as a can- 
 didate for the Presidency. I must say that I do not think 
 myself fit for the Presidency. As yon propose a corre- 
 spondence W'ith me, I sh.all look for your letters anxiously. 
 I have not met Dr. Reynolds since receiving your letter, 
 but when I shall, I will present your respects, as requested. 
 
 Yours very truly, A. Lincoln. 
 
 This was the first letter which he wrote in reference to 
 the Presidency. In response to the invitation of the Re- 
 publican State Central Committee, of which Colonel Baber 
 was a member, Mr. Lincoln spoke in Columbus on Sep- 
 tember i6lh, 1859, and subsequently in Cincinnati. These 
 speeches, which were published and scattered over the 
 State, contributed greatly to the success of the Republicans 
 in the gubernatorial contest, and in the election of a Re- 
 publican Legislature. The .State Board of Equalization 
 met early in December, and furnished a favorable oppor- 
 tunity for requesting Mr. Lincoln to send on a copy of his 
 debates with Senator Douglas, to be used in the ensuing 
 Presidential campaign. On Colonel Baber’s proposition, 
 the Republican members of the State Board on Equaliza- 
 tion, the State officers and .State Central Executive Com- 
 mittee united, on December 7th, 1859, in letters of request 
 to Mr. Lincoln, and under his instructions his private sec- 
 retary, Mr. John G. Nicolay, personally visited Columbus 
 and delivered to the Republican Slate Executive Committee 
 a copy. The correspondence was withheH so long from 
 publication, though the committee had ordered it imme- 
 diately printed, that Mr. Lincoln wrote Mr. Galloway on 
 the subject, declaring that the delay was placing him in an 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOICLDIA. 
 
 277 
 
 unpleasant and unfavorable position. It was asserted that 
 this delay was caused by the friends of Mr. Chase; but, 
 however far this may be true, it is certain that it was to 
 Colonel Baber’s energy, enterprise and personal influence 
 that this important correspondence saw the light of day in 
 printed form on January 23d, 1S60, in the Ohio State your- 
 nal. The proceedings of the Chicago Convention, at 
 which Colonel Baber was an active friend of Lincoln, are 
 matters of history. During the campaign which followed, 
 being one of the electors on the Lincoln ticket, he was one 
 of the most effective speakers and active canvassers in se- 
 curing in the Stale a Republican majority of over forty 
 thousand. At the commencement of the war he was ap- 
 pointed Paymaster, United States army, and stationed 
 first at Washington, whence he was ordered to Louisville 
 and Cumberland Gap, with General George W. Morgan. 
 He proceeded then successively to Cincinnati, Memphis, 
 St. Louis and New Orleans, arriving at the latter place in 
 October, 1863, and remaining on duty there until June, 
 1864. A great portion of his time was spent with the army 
 in the field, accompanying General Washburne in his cam- 
 paign up the Bayou Teche country, and General Banks in 
 his Red river campaigns. From New Orleans he was 
 transferred to Cincinnati, and put in charge at Camp Den- 
 nison until mustered out, in November, 1865. While in 
 the field he aided his friends at home in the Lincoln and 
 Johnson movement, by public correspondence and by his 
 effective co-operation among the soldiers. The result was 
 the sending of a delegation from Ohio to the Baltimore 
 Convention which cast a solid vote for Lincoln and John- 
 son as the standard-bearers of the party. Colonel Baber 
 was appointed one of the five members on the new 
 Union Stale Central Committee, to represent the army in- 
 terest, and rendered great services in this capacity. He 
 sympathized with the bolters of the Philadelphia Conven- 
 tion of August, 1866, believing that the only wise plan was 
 to adhere to the old Lincoln policy, and upon the ignoring 
 of this policy he sided with others who had formerly acted 
 with the Union organization, and in 1867 supported the 
 Democratic ticket, aiding in the defeat of negro suffrage in 
 Ohio by a popular vote of 50,000, and securing the return 
 of Allen G. Thurman to the United States Senate in the 
 place of Benjamin F. Wade. On the meeting of the Legis- 
 lature he drafted the resolution, which was adopted, with- 
 drawing the former assent of Ohio to the ratification of the 
 Fourteenth Amendment to the Federal Constitution, on the 
 ground that the State had the right to do so at any time 
 prior to the acceptance of that amendment by three-fourths 
 of the .States. He attended the Democratic and the 
 Soldiers’ National Conventions in New York, in 1868, and 
 again had the satisfaction of aiding in the defeat of Chase’s 
 nomination. During the ensuing Presidential campaign he 
 stumped for the Democratic ticket, and his speeches were 
 circulated far and wide as the ablest of the campaign docu- 
 ments of the party. In the winter of 1869 he wrote the 
 
 report of the Committee on Federal Relations, submitted to 
 the Senate of Ohio, setting forth tlie reasons for the rejec- 
 tion of the Fifteenth Amendment. In the Democratic State 
 Convention, which was held in 1S69, he was instrumental 
 in procuring the nomination of General Rosecrans for 
 Governor, a nomination which unfortunately was declined. 
 In the Ohio General Assembly, which met on the first 
 Monday in January, 1870, Colonel Baber, who had been 
 elected a representative from P'ranklin county in October, 
 1869, was appointed on the Committees on Federal Rela- 
 tions and Flections, whose proceedings mainly concerned 
 the exciting party issues which were debated in that ses- 
 sion. He was soon recognized as one of the keenest and 
 most logical of debaters, analyzing the political issues of the 
 day with such readiness and perspicacity as to establish his 
 reputation not only as a man familiar, even to infinite 
 detail, with our past history, but as a statesman capable of 
 tracing the effect of that history upon the grave political 
 questions of reconstruction then agitating the nation. His 
 was, perhaps, the clearest argument delivered in the Legis- 
 lature against the ratification of the P'ifteenth Amendment, 
 which passed by a majority of one only in each house. He 
 introduced a law to protect political organizations from 
 fraud in their primary nominations, which passed the 
 House but was defeated in the Senate. It was reintro- 
 duced at the succeeding session, passed both branches, and 
 became a law on February 24th, 1871. Its familiar title is 
 “ The Baber Law.” During his service in the General 
 Assembly he secured the personal good will of his oppo- 
 nents, and became consequently most successful as a local 
 member in the interests of his constituents. Colonel Baber 
 supported the Greeley movement, in 1872, and in Septem- 
 ber of that year he spoke, by special invitation, with Hon. 
 E. D. Campbell, General Gordon, Governor Vance and 
 Hon. Benjamin Hill, at the reunion, at Louisville, of the 
 supporters of the Greeley ticket in the Southern and West- 
 ern States. In 1873 he was chosen by the Democratic 
 party as a delegate from Franklin county to the State Con- 
 stitutional Convention, and proved one of its most ener- 
 getic, laborious and influential members. He has, in 
 company with Senator Thurman and other leading Demo- 
 crats, repeatedly stumped the State. In addition to the 
 manifold variety of labors performed by him he has been 
 one of the ablest and most constant contributors to the 
 press. His first article was a searching review of the 
 speech of the celebrated Hon. Thomas Hamer, delivered 
 during the Clay campaign of 1S44. It was published in 
 the Ohio State yournal, then conducted by Mr. Follett, 
 and was generally commended. Since then he has written 
 a great deal that has invariably been instructive in matter 
 and entertaining in form relative to the issues of the limes, 
 his productions having been published in the leading jour- 
 nals of the country. He is now engaged in the practice of 
 his profession, occupying the oldest law office in Columhus. 
 It was once used by Mr. Wilcox, with whom Attorney-Gen- 
 
27S 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL EA’CVCLOP.EDI A. 
 
 eral Pierrepont read law. Colonel Baber was appointed, 
 at a meeting of the bar of the State, at Columbus, in the 
 winter of 1S75, a member of the executive coinmiitee of 
 six to secure the passage of judicial reforms asked for, and 
 the submission by the General Assembly to the electors of 
 the State of the constitutional amendment for the creation 
 of a Judicial Commission of five, with like powers as the 
 Supreme Court, to be appointed by the Governor, to dis- 
 pose of the business of that court, then five years in arrears. 
 Most of the reform legislation was obtained, and the pro- 
 posed constitutional amendment, drafted by Colonel Baber, 
 passed the Legislature, through his activity, with only two 
 dissenting votes, and was indorsed by all the Judges of the 
 Supreme Court in a correspondence with the committee. 
 The amendment was printed on both party-tickets, and 
 ratified liy the electors at the last October election with 
 only 98,000 votes against it out of 600,000 votes cast. It 
 is universally believed to be a most salutary relief in the 
 judicial system of the State. On the resignation by the 
 lion. Hugh J. Jewett of his seat in Congress from the 
 Columbus district. Colonel Baber, at the Democratic Nomi- 
 nating Convention to fill the vacancy, in 1874, received 73 
 votes against 75 for lion. William E. Link, the nominee, 
 an old and distinguished member of former Congresses, re- 
 siding in another county of the district. P'ranklin, his own 
 county, voted solid for him, the first time it has done so for 
 any candidate since it was represented by the Mon. .S. S. 
 Cox. The circle of Colonel Baber’s influence is not confined 
 to his own city, county, or the State. He is well and popu- 
 laily known to all the leading men of the country. His 
 thorough legal training, his eloquence and powers of argu- 
 ment in political controversy, his career as a public officer, 
 in civil and military service, have secured for him a lasting 
 reputation. He is still a bachelor. 
 
 fONES, HENRY MASON, Superintendent of the 
 Cincinnati Hospital, was born in Salem, New 
 London county, Connecticut, September 15th, 
 1823. He is a son of Edmund Jones and Sarah 
 (Holmes) Jones, who were both born in the same 
 year, 1796, and are still living. This branch 
 of the Jones family is descended from Rev. William Jones, 
 a I’re.sbyterian minister, who came from Wales to Massa- 
 chusetts in 1640, and afterward settled in Salem, Connecti- 
 cut, where many of his descendants are still to be found. 
 He was educated at Bacon Academy, in his days one of the 
 best institutions of its class in the country. In 1841 he re- 
 linquished school life as a pupil, and during the ensuing 
 winter sustained in a district school at Colchester the role 
 of educator. After spending the summer of 1842 upon his 
 father’s farm he again engaged in teaching in the fall. In 
 the spring of 1843 he left his home to pursue the vocation 
 of teacher in Long Island, New York. He was thus em- 
 
 ployed until he received the appointment of Principal of 
 Public School No. 3, at Morrisania, New York, when he 
 moved to his new field of labors, and entered upon the dis- 
 charge of his duties, September ist, 1851. That position 
 he retained until July, 1856, when he accepted an appoint- 
 ment as Superintendent of the Cincinnati House of Refuge. 
 He took charge of this institution in the following August, 
 and retained his position there until failing health com- 
 pelled him, notwithstanding the reluctance of the Board to 
 lose his valuable and zealous services, to hand in his res- 
 ignation. July 31st, 1865, accordingly, he left the House 
 of Refuge, and for a time devoted his attention to the task 
 of re-strengthening his enfeebled system. In March, 1867, 
 he was earnestly solicited to assume the superintendence 
 of the Commercial Hospital, which, established January 
 22d, 1821, as the Commercial Hospital and Lunatic 
 Asylum, has since become the Cincinnati Hospital; the 
 erection of its new buildings, commenced in July, 1867, 
 was completed in January, 1869. April 15th, 1867, he 
 assumed the control of this institution, and has since con- 
 tinued to act as its Superintendent. Under his steady, 
 skilful and efficient management the affairs of the hospital 
 have been uniformly kept in an excellent condition, while 
 its reputation as a sanitary institution is not eclipsed by that 
 of any other establishment in the country. He has been 
 for several years a member of the Baptist Church. He has 
 always shunned the tumult and intrigues of the political 
 arena, and, being identified with no particular party, exer- 
 cises the elective franchise in accordance with his own 
 judgments on men and measures. To this day he is held 
 in grateful remembrance by former pupils and patrons on 
 Long Island and at Morrisania, while his irreproachable 
 management of the important institutions over which he 
 has presided in the Queen City has won the esteem and 
 approbation of all who have become cognizant of their 
 workings. He was married, July 6th, 1845, 1° Harriet 
 Maria Latham, daugliter of Deacon Amos S. Latham, of 
 Colchester, New London county, Connecticut. 
 
 I 
 
 ALSTON, JOSEPH, President of the Defiance 
 Insurance Company, Defiance, Ohio, was born in 
 Daupliin county, Pennsylvania, June 20th, 1818. 
 In 1824 his parents removed to Lebanon, Leb- 
 anon county, in the same Slate, where he at- 
 tended the Lebanon Academy, graduating from 
 that institution in 1831. In April, 1832, he moved with 
 his parents to Stark county, Ohio, and in 1837 commenced 
 teaching school near Massillon, Ohio. In this occupation 
 he was engaged until the winter of 1842-43. He subse- 
 quently removed to Defiance county, Ohio, and there 
 devoted his time and attention to agricultural pursuits until 
 1850. In Eebruary, 1851, he settled in Defiance, in the 
 same county, and engaged in the dry-goods business. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDI A. 
 
 279 
 
 which, in 1S57, was merged in the hardware trade, in 
 which he continued until 1S62. In i860 he was elected 
 Justice of the Peace ; in 1862 was appointed Deputy Col- 
 lector of Internal Revenue for the Tenth District of Ohio ; 
 in September, 1863, became Assistant Assessor; in 1868 
 was appointed Special Agent of the Post Office in Defiance; 
 and in 1869 became Postmaster of Defiance. He afterward 
 engaged in the fire insurance business, and assisted impor- 
 tantly in the organization of the pioneer insurance company 
 of the city — the Defiance Insurance Company — over which 
 he presides in an able and masterly manner. He was 
 elected President of this enterprise in 1875 ; the other officers 
 are as follows: Samuel Rohn, Vice-President ; I. F. Dea- 
 trick. Secretary; and Henry Hardy, Treasurer. 
 
 P 
 
 Q'llllil, HITE, EMERSON ELBRIDGE, Educ.ator, Edi- 
 (TI II born in Mantua, Portage county, 
 
 f'lllJ Ohio, January loth, 1829. His parents, Jonas 
 White and Sarah (Gregory) White, natives of 
 
 c- j Massachusetts, were farmers in moderate circum- 
 stances. Until he had reached his eighteenth 
 year he worked on the farm, and during this period .secured 
 an elementary education at the district school. When but 
 seventeen years of age he assumed the role of teacher, and 
 taught school for a salary of nine dollars per month, with 
 the privilege of “ boarding around.” In the following 
 summer he obtained the consent of his parents to leave home 
 for the purpose of obtaining a more thorough education. 
 Most of the several sijcceeding years he spent in the Trowns- 
 burg Academy and in college, defraying attendant expenses 
 by teaching and by working in haying and harvesting. In 
 the autumn of 1851 he suspended his studies in the Cleve- 
 land University in order to take charge temporarily of the 
 classes in mathematics in that institution, and also to fill the 
 place of the principal of one of the Cleveland grammar 
 schools, who, on account of ill health, had secured a leave 
 of absence for two months. At the close of these engage- 
 ments, he was surprised by the unsolicited, appointment to 
 the Principalship of a new grammar school then about to be 
 opened in Cleveland. As a result he abandoned reluctantly 
 his purpose of graduating at the next commencement, and 
 accepted the appointment, entering upon the duties of his 
 new position in January, 1852. His intention, however, 
 was to teach but a few terms, and then enter upon the study 
 of law. In 1854 he resigned his position, but was at once 
 appointed Principal of the Central High School, with a 
 salary of one thousand dollars per annum. He acted in that 
 capacity until 1856, in which year he accepted the Superin- 
 tendency of the Public Schools of Portsmouth, Ohio, filling 
 the position for nearly four years. Early in 1861 he re- 
 moved to Columbus, to take charge of the Ohio Ediica- 
 lional Monihly, which he conducted for more than fourteen 
 years, making it one of the best and most influential educa- 
 
 tional journals in the country. In October, 1S70, he started 
 a national edition of the monthly, with the title of The 
 Ehational Teacher. In 1875 he sold both editions of his 
 journal to Hon. W. D. Henkle, of Salem, Ohio. In 1S63 
 he was appointed State Commissioner of Common Schools, 
 to fill the unexpired term of Commissioner Cathcart, re- 
 signed. In the first year of his incumbency he secured an 
 important revision of the General School Law. Among the 
 new provisions incorporated was one establishing the present 
 institute system of Ohio; also another creating a State 
 Board of Examiners. In 1S65 the General Assembly passed 
 a joint resolution instructing the Commissioner of Common 
 Schools to report to the next General Assembly the organiza- 
 tion and results of the best Normal Schools in the United 
 .States and in other countries, and also to submit a plan of 
 organizing one or more efficient Normal Schools in the 
 State of Ohio. In compliance with those instructions he 
 visited the Normal Schools in several of the .States, and his 
 special report on the subject under consideration was sub- 
 mitted in January, 1S66. In ihe third and last year of his 
 incumbency, he prepared a codified edition of the school 
 lacv, with opinions, instructions, blank forms, etc., the whole 
 constituting a valuable manual for school officers in the ad- 
 ministr.ation of the school system. Since the close of his 
 official term in February, 1866, he has devoted his time to 
 his journal, to lecturing in Teachers’ Institutes, and to 
 other w'ork of a literary and educational nature. He has 
 been invited to take charge of several institutions, including 
 four State Normal Schools, and to accept the superintend- 
 ency of several city schools, but he has preferred to prose- 
 cute a chosen w'ork wdiich, in his opinion, was more impor- 
 tant and useful. Pie has exercised a wide and salutary 
 influence upon the cause of education, and is recognized as 
 one of the leading educators of the country. He was Presi- 
 dent of the Ohio Teachers’ Association in 1863, of the Na- 
 tional Superintendents’ Association in 1868, presiding at the 
 meeting held in Nashville, Tennessee ; and of the National 
 Educational Association in 1872, presiding at the meeting 
 held in Boston, Massachusetts. In 1866 he read a paper 
 on “A Nation.al Bureau of Education,” before the National 
 .Superintendents’ Association, at a meeting held in Washing- 
 ton, District of Columbia. The paper w’as finally adopted 
 by the association as an expression of its views on the sub- 
 ject, and he was appointed Chairman of a Committee to 
 memorialize Congress on the importance of establishing 
 such an office. He then drafted the memorial, and also a 
 bill, both of which were introduced into Congress by Hon. 
 James A. Garfield, of Ohio. This bill, with immaterial 
 amendments, was subsequently passed by Congress, and is 
 now the law under which the bureau is administered. He 
 is the author of “A Class-Book of Geography,” first pub- 
 lished in 1853 ; the larger portion of “ Bryant and Stratton’s 
 Commercial Arithmetic,” published in i860; “White’s 
 .School Registers and Records;” “ White’s Graded School 
 Arithmetics,” published in 1870; and a “ Manual of Arilh- 
 
28 o 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL F:NCYCLOr.L:DIA. 
 
 metic for Teachers,” published in 1876. In addition to his ' 
 many important andvaluaiile labors as a writer and educator, 
 he has for many years past, through his exertions and laud- 
 able actions in other public fields, stood prominently before 
 the community not alone of Ohio, but also of many of the 
 environing States, which esteem and admire him as a public- 
 spirited, enterprising and useful citizen, while his sound 
 scholarly attainments have won for him the respect of all 
 interested in the literary development of the United States. 
 He has a high reputation as a public speaker, and is one of 
 the most popular institute instructors in the country. He was 
 married, July 26th, 1853, to Mary Ann Sabin, of Hudson, 
 Ohio, by whom he has had five children — three sons and 
 two daughters. 
 
 cDOWELL, M.\JOR-GENERAL IRVIN, was 
 born in the village of Franklinton, near Columbus, 
 Ohio, October 15th, 1818. His ancestry were 
 Scotch-Irish, and took refuge front religious per- 
 secution in the north of Ireland. After the siege 
 of Londonderry, in which the McDowells took 
 part, they came to this country, settling first in the valley of 
 Virginia. Some of them, including the branch from which 
 the General sprang, removed thence to Kentucky. Abram 
 McDowell, the father of Irvin, after the war of 1812, in 
 which he served in his uncle’s regiment, removed to Ohioj 
 and settled near Columbus. His wife, Eliza Lord, was a 
 member of the Starling family, one of the most respectable 
 and influential in that section. Abram McDowell is de- 
 scribed by old citizens of Columbus as being a noble speci- 
 men of the old-school Kentuckian, and an intense aristocrat. 
 He kept haughtily aloof from the masses, and prided him- 
 self on his social position, his refinement and general cul- 
 ture. But wealth was never his, and money had nothing to 
 do with this pride of position. His son Irvin was given a 
 liberal education at home and abroad. His old school- 
 mates at Columbus remember him as a genial, warm-hearted 
 companion, but his residence abroad changed this to a habit 
 of dignity and reserve. On his return from Europe his 
 father had procured him an appointment to West Point. 
 Here he was associated with the future military chieftains of 
 both sides in the American civil war. At the academy he 
 ranked socially very high, but in his classes he was far from 
 being foremost. He was graduated in the same class with 
 Beauregard, Barry, Hardee, and R. S. Granger, and ranked 
 as low down as twenty-three, Beauregard being second. 
 After his graduation he was assigned to the artillery arm of 
 the service and sent to the Niagara frontier. He served in 
 different parts of the frontier, and was for a short time on 
 recruiting duty. In 1841 he was returned to West Point as 
 Assistant Instructor in Infantry Tactics, and served one year 
 in that capacity, and three years as Adjutant of the Academy. 
 During these years of military duty he had become a man of 
 the world — reserved, formal and polished — and had made 
 
 up by hard study his deficiencies as a cadet. His military 
 qualifications were very high, and in appearance he was 
 every inch a soldier. These brought him to the notice of 
 General Wool, who appointed him an Aide-de-camp on his 
 personal staff, a position reserved for the most promising of 
 the younger officers. He continued duty as a staff-officer 
 almost without interruption until the outbreak of the rebel- 
 lion, and had become a strict disciplinarian, devoted to his 
 profession, and a thorough student of the art of war. F'or 
 “gallant and meritorious conduct” at Buena Vista he was 
 brevetted Captain. After serving in various capacities dur- 
 ing the Mexican war. General 'Scott appointed him to his 
 staff. He seldom visited his old home, and in the army he 
 was known as a remarkably abstemious man, never dissipat- 
 ing with brother officers, never tasting wine, and never play- 
 ing cards. So careful was he in avoiding stimulants that he 
 abstained fiom tea and coffee. When the war broke out he 
 was a Brevet Major on duty in the War Department. 
 Through Salmon P. Chase, who had known him in Colum- 
 bus, he was sought out and consulted as to the military or- 
 ganization of the republic. His advice in military matters 
 was found of great service in the then demoralized condition 
 of affairs. Governor Dennison proposed to make him com- 
 mander of the Ohio contingent, but changed his mind in 
 favor of Captain (General) McClellan. McClellan was not 
 then in the service, and he was only appointed after much 
 influence had been brought to bear on the Governor. Gov- 
 ernor Dennison wrote Major McDowell explaining his con- 
 duct, and he replied in the most generous spirit, fully in- 
 dorsing the appointment. Later, partly on his recommen- 
 dation, McClellan was appointed to a Major-Generalship. 
 Government officers urged his appointment to a like posi- 
 tion, but he modestly held hack. But the same bulletin that 
 announced McClellan’s advancement announced his own 
 to that of Brigadier-General. General .Scott opposed this 
 latter promotion, as he wanted it for another officer. The 
 old chieftain opposed him in many ways. When the cam- 
 paign in Virginia was decided upon, he was assigned to the 
 leadership of the army. As his personal testimony proves, 
 he had his misgivings, not as to his competency to perform 
 the task, but as to the obstacles that were being thrown in 
 his way at head-quarters in Washington. The history of the 
 disaster at Bull Run is too well known to be repeated here. 
 The press of the country heaped censure upon the gallant 
 officer in command of the Union forces, and the more rad- 
 ical portion of it even accused him of treason. He was also 
 accused of drunkenness, although he never tasted liquor. 
 It is the opinion of many military men and dispassionate 
 writers that he was defeated as much by influences in the 
 rear (Washington) as he was by the army opposed to him at 
 the front. It is conceded that the plan of the battle was 
 admirably arranged, but that the raw condition of his troops 
 and the failure of one of his generals to carry out his in- 
 structions, turned the tide of the day at the very moment 
 when the Union officers were congratulating themselves on 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ExNX'VCLOILEDIA. 
 
 2S1 
 
 a brilliant victory. The people of the country clamored for 
 the removal of the commanding general, and the story of 
 the battle, as narrated in the press, made him really odious 
 in their sight. He was accordingly removed, and placed in 
 a subordinate position, although President Lincoln assured 
 liiin that he still had ’ confidence in him. His evidence be- 
 fore the Committee on the Conduct of the War is the manly 
 utterance of a dignified soldier. He never undertook to 
 refute the slanders heaped upon him, except in reply to of- 
 ficial inquiries. He did not resign his commission, and thus 
 make a virtual confession that he had been humiliated. He 
 was a soldier willing to serve his country in any capacity, 
 ■and is serving it still. But he was peculiarly unfortunate, 
 being disliked by the citizen soldiery for his strict ideas of 
 discipline. He served throughout the war in various posi- 
 tions, but fate was against him. He never became famous, 
 yet he never lost the confidence of the authorities, who still 
 consulted him in military matters of importance. He was 
 virtually retired from active service. He was President of 
 a board to investigate cotton frauds in the Southwest. Dur- 
 ing a portion of the year 1863 he was President of a board 
 for retiring disabled officers. In July, 1864, he was sent to 
 the Pacific coast to take charge of that dep.rrtment. Previous 
 to the first appointment, a court of inquiry had fully vindi- 
 cated him, but the country has never done him justice. March 
 13th, 1865, the rank of Brevet Major-General was conferred 
 upon him for “gallant and meritorious services ” at Cedar 
 Mountain. In June following he was assigned to the de- 
 partment of California, where he still remains. General 
 McDowell is a man of large, well-developed frame, of ex- 
 cellent presence, and fine address. His general bearing is 
 reserved and cold, but among his friends, and in the freedom 
 of the social circle, no man can be more winning. Although 
 married and having a family, he is devoted to military life, 
 and will probably never leave the service unless overtaken 
 by incapacity. He enjoys the confidence and respect of his 
 superiors, as he did through all his troubles in the late war. 
 
 .VLLRIDGE, IIOR.-VCE S., Banker, was born, July 
 2lst, 1828, at .Syracuse, New York, and is a son 
 of Chester and Mary Wallridge. He received his 
 education in Toledo, and when twelve years old 
 was employed as a clerk in a grocery stoiy, re- 
 ceiving one dollar per week. He was so occupied 
 for two years, when he changed to a dry-goods store, where 
 he remained for a year on a small compensation. He then 
 labored for eighteen months in a flour mill, and subse- 
 quently was engaged for six months in erecting a saw mill. 
 In the spring of 1846 he went to Cincinnati, where he passed 
 a short time in selling straw hats. In June, 1846, he re- 
 moved to Toledo, and was engaged by Thomas Watkins as 
 one of his assistants in his commission and forwarding es- 
 tablishment. There he remained until the death of that 
 
 36 
 
 gentleman, August 9th, 1852. During a portion of those 
 years — from 1849 to inclusive — he was the travelling 
 
 clerk, engaged in the purchase of produce on the lines of 
 the Ohio canals. On the 1st of October, 1852, he took 
 charge of the business of P. Buckingham & Co., at Toledo, 
 a large commission house, receiving a salary of one thousand 
 dollars per annum; and during the winter of 1853-54 be- 
 came a member of the firm, which expired February 1st, 
 1857, and was succeeded by the commission house of Brown, 
 Wallridge & King, which subsequently became Brown, 
 Wallridge & Co., and this latter firm gave place to 11. S. 
 Wallridge & Co., which terminated in the spring of 1S68. 
 All these firms did a large and successful business. Mean- 
 while, in the autumn of 1865, the house of Wallridge, Wat- 
 kins & Co. w'as founded at Chicago. This firm also dis- 
 solved in the spring of 186S, as the senior partner in both 
 establishments found that he could not give his attention to 
 the business while interested in real estate operations and 
 city matters. With this step he dissolved all connection 
 u ith the commission houses, resolving thenceforth to devote 
 his entire time and mind to banking and real estate. He 
 has displayed great activity in this latter branch, and no one 
 has contributed more towards building up the city than him- 
 self. He has served three years as a member of City Coun- 
 cils, but has resolutely declined office, when asked by his 
 fellow-citizens to be nominated thereto. He w'as President 
 of the Board of Trade of Toledo for two terms. At present 
 he is the President of the Northw’estern Savings Bank, and 
 is connected with tw'o other moneyed institutions as stock- 
 holder, Director and Vice-President. He was married, Oc- 
 tober i8th, 1854, to Isabella D. Watkins, at New Bedford, 
 Massachusetts, and has had five children, of w hom one son, 
 Thomas IL, is now at school in Troy, New York, and two 
 daughters at home ; the others are deceased. 
 
 IKEN, S.\MUEL C., D. D., Presbyterian IMinister, 
 was born in Windham, Vermont, September 21st, 
 1791. He entered Middlebury College in 1813. 
 Among his classmates who afterwards became 
 distinguished w'ere Silas Wright, Governor of 
 New York and United States Senator, and 
 Samuel Nelson, Justice of the Supreme Court of the United 
 States. His resolution to become a minister of the gospel 
 having been taken during a revival which occurred while 
 j he was at college, he entered Andover Theological Scini- 
 ' nary, and spent three years in fitting for that profession. 
 
 ' He was then called by the Young Men’s Missionary Society 
 ! in New York to labor under its auspices in that city. His 
 first call to the pastorate was from the First Pre.sbyterian 
 Church of Utica, New York, where he was ordained and 
 installed February 3d, 1818. He continued to be pastor of 
 that society for more than sixteen years. From a handful 
 of struggling people in that little town, his congregation 
 
282 
 
 BIOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOP-EDIA. 
 
 grew to be one of the largest in number and highest in cul- 
 ture in the State. The Erie Canal had been built during 
 that time, and the humble village, whose chief trade was in 
 furs borne in bateau.x down the Mohawk to tide-water, had 
 become a large and prosperous city. With it, also, the sub- 
 ject of this sketch had ripened into a strong and vigorous 
 man, whose influence upon the people of that community 
 and in the councils of the ecclesiastical body was very great. 
 In the spring of 1835 he accepted a call to become the pas- 
 tor of the First Presbyterian Church of Cleveland, Ohio. 
 The society had just completed a small stone edifice on the 
 corner of Ontario street and the Public Square. He was 
 inst.dled its pastor in November, 1835. In person he pos- 
 sessed a commanding figure, fine features, a dignified car- 
 riage, a clear strong voice, a mind somewhat slow to act, 
 but, when aroused by great occasions, showing surprising 
 power. The people with whom he came in contact were 
 of a great diversity of character and sentiment in conse- 
 quence of the constant arrivals of emigrants from the 
 Eastern Stales. II is gre.at talents and cultured mind at- 
 tracted to him the most able and thoughtful of the profes- 
 sional and business men of the community, and through them 
 the influence of his elevated piety and wisdom went out to 
 form the new institutions and correct the baleful tendencies 
 of that growing community. Ilis published addresses on 
 public education, theatres and social crimes; his articles of 
 controversy on Romanism, his sermons on the leading topics 
 of temperance, Millerism, and slavery, .show the ripeness of 
 his scholarship, the soundness of his arguments, and the 
 great influence he exerted in his professional and social life. 
 He delivered in Utica a discourse before Governor DeWitt 
 Clinton and the New York canal commissioners, on the oc- 
 casion of the opening of the Erie Canal, an event recognized 
 by him as signaling as well great designs of Providence as 
 great enterprise and sagacity of statesmen. He delivered 
 an address before the officers and guests of the Cleveland, 
 Columbus & Cincinnati Railroad Company, when that road 
 w.as completed in 1852, which was worthy of the occasion — 
 the commencement of a new era in the history of Western 
 civilization. At the Presbyterian General Assembly, which 
 convened in Cleveland in 1857, which will long be remem- 
 bered for its great discussions of the slavery question, his 
 great power was fully appreciated. Nearly all of the States 
 of the Union were represented. The hot debates between 
 the Northern and Southern ministry were stormy. Dr. 
 Aiken had been known as a conservative, and opposed those 
 who advocated the “Higher Eaw.” At the close of this 
 great discussion he reviewed his own past course on the 
 subject, and finally declaring that slavery was too flagrant a 
 crime to be ignored, gave his great influence against his 
 Southern brethren, carrying with him a large number of the 
 ministry and laymen. He continued his ministry in the 
 Stone Church society without any interruption until 1858, 
 when he resigned on account of the infirmities of age, and 
 Dr. Goodrich, who had been for several years his associate. 
 
 became the sole minister of the church. Dr. Aiken con- 
 tinued, however, for about ten years to take femporary 
 charge of churches, ai d to perform much ministerial work 
 in the neighborhood of Cleveland, and assisting largely in 
 the organization and building up of new churches. His 
 purity of life, faithful labors, superior talents and great in- 
 fluence have endeared him to thousands, and have given 
 him a national reputation. He always receives marks of 
 respect and esteem from men of every degree in life and 
 of every shade of religious opinion. Now, after more 
 than fifty-three years' labor in the Christian ministry, his 
 majestic form, somewhat bent under the weight of over four- 
 score years, is seldom seen in public. 
 
 o,^HOTWEEL, GEORGE IE, Real Estate Dealer, 
 was a native of New Jersey, having been born in 
 Rahway in that State, on January 25th, 1811. 
 He was of Quaker jiarentage, both his father and 
 mother, who were natives of New Jersey, being 
 members of the Society of Friends. His educa- 
 tional advantages were of a very limited character, and 
 much scholastic training was not among his early experi- 
 ences. At the age of nineteen years he left his home and 
 went to Cincinnati. He became a salesman in a pork- 
 packing house there, and after occupying that position long 
 enough to acquire an insight into the details of the business, 
 learning bookkeeping in the meantime, he was made book- 
 keeper of the In use, in which position he remained for a 
 period of five years. At the expiration of that time he en- 
 tered into business on his own account, engaging in the rec- 
 tifying of whiskey. In this he was very succe.ssful, and 
 soon built up a large and lucrative business. His trade 
 constantly and steadily increased until the year 1847, 
 then reverses came. A sudden and very heavy decline in 
 whiskey occurred that year. He had a large stock on hand, 
 and besides that he had shipped large quantities to New 
 Orleans and other Southern ports, and was unable to make 
 any collections therefor. These facts compelled him to close 
 up his business, and from that time until 1849 was kept 
 busy in settling up his deranged affairs. In the year 1850 
 he entered into business again, this time as a money broker. 
 In this, as in his previous venture, he was very successful. 
 In 1855 he succumbed to the “gold fever,” and determined 
 on going to California. He started, but on the Isthmus of 
 Darien he was attacked with a heavy illness, and by the 
 advice of his physicians, as soon as he was able to travel 
 again, he retraced his steps towards home. He reached 
 Cincinnati safely, but the next year he determined to go 
 again on a journey to the far West. This time he went to 
 Leavenworth, Kansas, where he resided about three years. 
 During his residence there he made visits to Denver, Colo- 
 rado, and to Pike’s Peak. His business during these three 
 years was speculating in Western lands. And he was also, 
 
B lOG R A n 1 1 C A L EXC V C LO lA^iD I A . 
 
 in connection with Messrs. Ryan & Hensley, of Cincinnati, 
 largely engaged in furnishing su[)plies to the government 
 troops stationed at Leavenworth. He returned to Cincin- 
 n.rti in the year lS6o, and opened a real estate broker’s 
 office. He continued in the real estate business there until 
 his death, and his transactions were large and lucrative. His 
 death occurred on the 14th day of January, 1869, and was 
 occasioned by a kick from one of his carriage horses. It 
 may he said th.at he was the founder of the real estate busi- 
 ness in Cincinnati, it being claimed that he was the first 
 there to conduct the business on a regular and legitimate 
 b.isis. He was a thorough business man, and it is said of 
 him that he was a man whose word could always be im- 
 plicitly relied upon, and who took, for his business motto, 
 “ Honesty, integrity and fair dealing.” His business, while 
 a real estate dealer, was the largest ever carried on in that 
 line in Cincinnati. He was married, on the 8ih day of No- 
 vember, 1836, to Mary E. A. Tudor, of Cincinnati. Two 
 sons and two d.nighters were the result of this union. The 
 oldest daughter, Cordelia, is the wife of Dr. J. C. Campbell, 
 of Cincinnati; the eldest son, Cassius, is in the real estate 
 business in Cincinnati; Ceorge, the youngest son, is also in 
 the real estate business ; and the youngest daughter, Mary, 
 is the wife of \V. W. Backman, a prominent pork-merchant 
 of Cincinnati. 
 
 j.WNE, HON. HEN^RY B., Lawyer and States- 
 man, was born in Hamilton, Madison county. New 
 York, on November 30th, 1810. His father, 
 Elisha Payne, an early settler of that county, hav- 
 ing removed there from Lebanon, Connecticut, in 
 1795, was a man recognized for his personal in- 
 tegrity, purity of character, and public spirit. He was in- 
 strumental in an eminent degree in founding the Hamilton 
 Theological Seminary. Henry B. Payne was educated in 
 Hamilton College, Clinton, New York, and was of the class 
 of 1832. The same year he commenced the study of law 
 in the office of John C. Spencer. In 1S33 ''e removed to 
 Cleveland, Ohio, then a village of three thousand inhabi- 
 tants, and was admitted to the bar in 1834, and at once 
 commenced the practice of law with H. V. Willson, his 
 partner and former class-mate, and so continued twelve 
 years, when he was obliged to relinquish his profession in 
 consequence of hemorrhage of the lungs. Subsequently he 
 was a member of the City Council two years, and assisted in 
 reforming the finances of the city so that the municipal 
 credit was restored. He also assisted in reconstructing the 
 fire department. In 1849, "'ith John W. Allen, Richard 
 Hilliard, John M. Woolsey and others, he entered earnestly 
 into measures for constructing the Cleveland & Columbus 
 Railroad. Or the completion of the road in 1851 he was 
 elected President, and retained the office until 1854, when 
 he resigned. During his presidency the organization was 
 perfected to such a degree that for many years there- 
 
 283 
 
 after the road was regarded as a model. In 1S55 he be- 
 came a Director of the Cleveland, Painesville & Ashtabula 
 Railroad (now Lake .Shore). In 1854 he was elected a 
 member of the first Board of Water Works Commissioners. 
 They located, planned and completed the Cleveland Water 
 Works. In 1862 the Legislatuie created a Board of Sink- 
 ing Eund Commissioners for the city of Cleveland, and he 
 has been President of the Board since its organization. The 
 original fund, about $250,000, in twelve years increased to 
 nearly $2,000,000, which is, as a trust fund, perhaps without 
 a parallel in the United States. Early he became a stock- 
 holder and director in eighteen corporations, such as coal 
 and iron mining, manufacturing in various branches, mon- 
 eyed institutions and others, all of which were in a sound 
 and flourishing condition. In politics he has ever been a 
 Democrat. In 1849 ^’6 elected to the State Senate and 
 served two years. In 1851 he was the Democratic nominee 
 for United States Senator, but after a [irolonged balloting he 
 was defeated by one vote, the Hon. Benjamin F. Wade 
 being elected. In 1857 the Democrats nominated him for 
 Coverncr, but the Hon. Salmon P. Chase was elected by a 
 few hundred majority. He was chosen a Cass elector in 
 1848, and was a member of the Cincinnati Convention 
 which nominated James Buchanan in 1856. In i860 he 
 was a delegate at large to the Charleston Convention, and 
 reported the minority resolutions which were adopted by 
 the Convention. His speech advocating the report was re- 
 markably eloquent. In it he condemned everything which 
 would lead to secession, and delivered in bold and fearless 
 style, it commanded the respect of the extreme .Southern mem- 
 bers. In 1858 he aided .Stephen Douglas in his opposi- 
 tion to the Lecompton Constitution, by making speeches 
 against it in Columbus, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, and other 
 cities. He was also active in procuring the passage of resolu- 
 tions against it by the Ohio Legislature. In 1858 he joined 
 Douglas against Lincoln, in the former’s celebrated cam- 
 paign. When the civil war came he persevered in public 
 and earnest efforts for the suppression of the rebellion. In 
 1862 he addressed the people earnestly and vigorously in 
 favor of enlistments and with good results. He also joined 
 with other patriotic and wealthy citizens in a guarantee and 
 indemnity to the County Treasurer for advancing moneys 
 to equip regiments, trusting to future legislation for the 
 justific.ation of that official for such advances. He was 
 Chairman of the Ohio delegation at the Baltimore Con- 
 vention in 1872, which nominated Horace Greeley. In 
 1874 he accepted the nomination of the Democrats and 
 Liberal Republicans for the Forty-fourth Congress, and was 
 elected by a majority of 2532, in a district which had, prior 
 to that time, given a Republican majority of about 5000. 
 When he accepted the nomination he said : “ If elected, and 
 life is spared to serve out the term, I promise to come back 
 with hand and heart as undefiled and clean as when I left 
 you.” As a political leader he his ever retained the confi- 
 dence of his party and the respect of all. He has recently 
 
2S4 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.LIDIA. 
 
 Ijeen prominently mentioned as a candidate for the Presi- 
 dency of the United States. He was married in 1836 to the 
 only daughter of Nathan Perry, a retired merchant of Cleve- 
 land. 
 
 ATES, JOHN, Wholesale Boot and Shoe Merchant 
 and Manufacturer of Shoes, was born at Scales, 
 Cumberland county, England, February 2d, 1S19. ' 
 The quaint old English homestead where he was 
 born, which has come down from father to son j 
 through many generations, still stands with its 
 precious memories an object of special intejest to the Gates 
 family. His parents were devotedly religious people, mem- 
 bers of the Wesleyan connection, and shared the opprobrium 
 and hardships incident to the early history of Methodism in 
 England. In 1830 Mr. Gates came with his paients to 
 America, and tliey landed in the city of Quebec, Canada, 
 with the intention of m.aking Cincinnati their home. W’hile 
 on their journey, his father was taken sick in Zanesville, 
 Ohio, and after a few days’ illness died. His sister also was 
 t.aken sick and died, leaving the remainder of the family to 
 find their way through the hardships of flatboat navigation 
 on the Ohio river to the city of their destination. In the 
 spring of 1831 young Gates arrived in Cincinnati, where he 
 h.as since resided, and wdiere he has made his mark as a 
 thorough and successful business man. In his early youth 
 he had acquired the rudiments of an English education, and 
 on arriving in his new home, availed himself of the advan- 
 tages of Woodward High School, under the guidance of 
 Professor Mathews and Dr. Joseph Ray. On the comple- 
 tion of his educational course he entered the Methodist 
 Book Concern to learn printing. Here he remained a year 
 setting type and carrying the IVesleni Christian Advocate to 
 city subscribers. This method of learning a trade did not 
 quite suit his views, and he left, and entered the Cincinnati 
 Type Foundrv, where he completed his education in the 
 art of printing. After this he worked as a journeyman in 
 the old type foundry, which stoo 1 where the magnificent 
 Saint Paul Methodist Episcopal Church now stands. In 
 1840, having laid up four hundred dollars, he borrowed 
 four hundred more, and with this capital entered into part- 
 nership with John Simpkinson, in the retail shoe trade. 
 This partnership was continued two years and a half, when 
 he baught out a Mr. Cheiver, on Lower Market street, and 
 started business for himself. Here his business was very 
 successful, and gradually grew into the jobbing trade. In 
 1841 he was united in marriage to a most estimable young 
 lady, Elizabeth Collingwood. His business continued to 
 increase, so that in 1850 he purchased and moved into his 
 present large establishment on Pearl street, where he has 
 ever since been in the wholesale trade exclusively. In 1871 
 the demands of his business became so great that lie began 
 the manufacture of I.adies’, misses’, and childrens’ sewed 
 anil pegged shoes. The house of John Gates & Co. is now 
 
 one of the oldest in the city in the boot and shoe trade, and 
 has been built up by strict integrity and indefatigable indus- 
 try on the part of its founder and proprietor. But while Mr. 
 Gates has been diligent and successful as a merchant, he has 
 not been indifferent to the claims of Christian benevolence. 
 He has been more or less closely identified with all the 
 public charities of the city, and for many years he has been 
 one of the most devoted workers in the “ Cincinnati Lbiion 
 Bethel,” an institution that has a fame world-wide, Irecause 
 of the character and extent of its practical benevolence and 
 Christian labors. To this institution he has given freely of 
 his means and time, and for the last seven years has served 
 as the honored President of its Board of Directors. Mr. 
 Gates deservedly shares very largely in the esteem and con- 
 fidence of his fellow-citizens, and has before him a still more 
 prosperous career as the eventide of human life draws near. 
 
 ICKEY, ALFRED S., Lawyer and Judge, was 
 born in Giles county, Tennessee, January 6th, 
 1812. When he was about four years old, his 
 jiarents lemoved to South Salem, Ross county, 
 Ghio, where he grew to manhood. He descended 
 from a family who removed from the north of Ire- 
 land to the colony of Virginia, many years before the revo- 
 lutionary war. His ancestry, so far back as any knowledge 
 extends, were always noted for their devotion to Presbyte- 
 rian religious faith. On the 19th of January, 1832, he was 
 married to Emily Ann Mackerly, and shortly afteiward re- 
 moved to Washington Court House, where, in 1838, he was 
 elected Prosecuting Attorney. Here he rose rapidly in his 
 profession, and soon occupied an enviable reputation, both 
 as counsellor and advocate. In March, 1S47, he removed 
 to Greenfield, as much to educate his children at the 
 Greenfield Academy, as to be more in the centre of his 
 jiractice, which now extended to the several surrounding 
 counties. He succeeded Hon. James Sloan to the office of 
 Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the counties of 
 Ross, Highland and Fayette, by appointment from Governor 
 S. P. Chase in 1858, and was successively re-elected to that 
 office until the fall of 1S71, when he was succeeded by 
 Judge S. F. Steele. He now returned to the practice of his 
 profession, and while on a visit to his sister, near Ripley, 
 Ohio. suddenly became ill, and after a few hours departed this 
 life on the 22d day of August, 1S73. His last distinguished 
 professional effort was made in the Supreme Court of Ohio, 
 December term, A. D. 1S72, in the case of James Taylor and 
 others vs. The Board of County Commissioners of Ross 
 County et at. In this case the famous Boesel Railroad Law 
 was declared unconstitutional, and with that case terminated 
 the professional career of Judge Dickey. The case was 
 characteristic of the man. Being of the people and the 
 founder of his own fortune in every respect, he was opposed 
 in every interest of his nature to extravagatice in private or 
 
BIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOr.F.DIA. 
 
 28s 
 
 public life; and therefore he most earnestly opposed the il- 
 limited and illimitable power of taxation as claimed by the 
 State; and throughout the able argument of himself and his 
 compeers, that zeal, that earnestness, and that conviction of 
 right can be perceived controlling the line of the argument 
 which always characterized him when once he espoused a 
 cause. He was a Democrat until the Kansas territorial 
 trouble sprang up as to the area of slave territory, and on the 
 nomination of Mr. Buchanan, believing that the result of his 
 election would tend to perpetuate slavery and the increase 
 of the slave power, and being conscientiously faithful to all 
 the interests of his nation and his education and the religion 
 of his family, he began gradually to -withdraw his allegiance 
 from the Democratic party to identify himself with the new 
 party then forming, and which resulted in the organization 
 of the present Republican party. With this latter party he 
 most earnestly supported the administration of Mr. Lincoln 
 throughout the whole war of the rebellion. He had a just 
 conception of the position and functions — the rights and 
 duties — of the bar; and he looked upon the profession as 
 something above a mere occupation in which to make 
 money. He not only believed that underhand practices will 
 fail in the end, but he detested such practices as in them- 
 selves wrong and dishonorable, and bringing the profession 
 itself into disrepute. He had an excellent mind for the 
 law. His power of analysis was strong. In the investiga- 
 tion of a subject his mind rejected the irrelevant and weak. 
 He was fond of investigating and applying general princi- 
 ples. His mind pondered upon whatever subjects he under- 
 took to examine, until he saw them in all their aspects and 
 bearings. He endeavored in his investigations to keep 
 clear of the ruts of commonplace, and to tread on the higher 
 planes of thought. He did not. decide until his judgment 
 w.as thoroughly convinced. If he could not, on the first 
 eff(<rt, find data on which to base a satisfactory conclusion, 
 he suspended his judgment for the time being, and renewed 
 his process of pondering. He was an instance of the truth 
 of a striking observation of a distinguished philosopher ; 
 “There is,” says he, “ much in this process of pondering 
 and its result which it is impossible to analyze. It is by a 
 kind of inspiration that we rise from the wise and sedulous 
 contemplation of facts to the principles on which they de- 
 jiend. The mind is, as it were, a photographic plate, which 
 is gradually cleansed by the effort to think rightly, and 
 which, when so cleansed, and not before, receives impres- 
 sions from the light of truth.” Whilst he was at the bar. 
 Judge Dickey was a successful lawyer. He did not degrade 
 his profession by making merchandise of his legal knowl- 
 edge and skill. He did not “run down” business, but let 
 it seek him. He would not litigate a case, if he could well 
 avoid it, when he thought his client would surely fail. He 
 never encouraged a client who had not justice on his side. 
 He preferred compromising controversies to bitterly litigat- 
 ing them. He seldom prepared any other brief than a ref- 
 erence to a few authorities, and be barilly ever prepared a 
 
 written argument. He could think and _eason or.ally with 
 greater accuracy, clearness and force, than he could with a 
 pen in his hand. On the trial of a case he was master of 
 the facts, understood the exact points in contest, and w.as 
 prepared to discuss them intelligently and ably. He had an 
 eminently judicial cast of mind. He loved justice, and de- 
 sired that every case should, if practicable, be decided upon 
 its substantial merits. Some practitioners in his courts 
 thought he was too much inclined to allow equitable views 
 and considerations to enter into his decision of every ques- 
 tion and every cause. A sound point, clearly stated by the 
 weakest member of the bar, had the same effect upon his 
 judgment as it would have had if urged in argument by the 
 strongest lawyer in his court. He was not often misled by 
 a fallacious proposition, however artfully and strongly put. 
 His instructions to the jury were plain and simple. Whilst 
 he had a discriminating mind — a mind for which clear, nice 
 distinctions were nutriment — still, as a magistrate, he seemed 
 to think that too much refining destroys pure reason and in- 
 terrupts the course of justice. Very few of his rulings or 
 judgments were reversed. Nearly all of them that were 
 carried to the .Supreme Court were unanimously affirmed. 
 Judge Dickey was a good judge. He seemed to have been 
 fitted up by his mental and moral training, and his habits of 
 industry and patient investigation, peculiarly for that posi- 
 tion. Not a quick, off-hand, rapid despatcher of the business 
 before him, ready, as some, before they have half heard a 
 case, to decide, and become impatient, but a patient, pains- 
 taking magistrate, willing to hear all and to weigh all the 
 matters involved in the case, and only ready to decide upon 
 the fullest investigation and a thorough understanding of the 
 whole case. Such a man could but make a safe judge. He 
 was an honest man, and desired to administer the law so 
 that right and justice should be done “ though the heavens 
 fell.” Slow in coming to conclusions, it is true, sometimes, 
 but when he did conclude he was firm, fixed and steadfast ; 
 not opinionated, however, but always ready to yield an 
 opinion when convinced of his error, and always open to 
 conviction by force of reason and truth. If we have, or 
 have had any men among us who have or had the qualifica- 
 tions that Jethro recommended to Moses to select for judges 
 in Israel, be was one of them. He was an “ able man, such 
 as feared God, a man of truth, hating covetousness.” f)n 
 the bench, at the bar, and in every other position, he was of 
 sterling integrity. “ The best court of equity is a good con- 
 science.” But above all, be was a true man. He was 
 kind, geni.al, tolerant and intelligent. He could interest, 
 edify, and divert any person, whether learned or illiterate, 
 refined or rude, young or old. His conversation .and dis- 
 course were characterized by solid sense and useful infor- 
 mation, and oftentimes sparkled with seasonable wit and 
 humor. If any man who came into his company had any 
 genuine wit or humor in his nature, it would be brought 
 out — it would catch of the judge’s, as fire of fire. He was 
 a sensitive man ; his emotional nature was of fine fibre. 
 
286 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL EA’CVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 Hence he was easily affected by sharp or unkind words, or 
 malicious criticism. But he was not revengeful ; his resent- 
 ments were fleeting. He doubtless thought the most speedy 
 and effectual, as well as the noblest, remedy for injuries is 
 oblivion. He cherished his friends; “ grappled them to his 
 soul with hooks of steel.” And he seemed to regard them 
 as a shield to his sensitive nature against harsh criticism and 
 unjust censure. He was more charitable in his judgment 
 of his fellow-men than they were in their judgments of him. 
 In speaking of others he acted on the principle that detrac- 
 tion is a sin against justice. He did not try to discover and 
 hold up for ridicule and execration the foibles of any man, 
 whether friend or foe. He was above the meanness of envy. 
 He never sneered at that which he could not rival. He 
 praised meritorious deeds, by whomsoever done. He was 
 pleased when a young man came to the bar who gave 
 promise of maintaining its proper standa.d of learning, 
 honor and ability. No man ever trusted him and was de- 
 ceived or betrayed. He had a spark of divinity within him 
 that made him every inch a man. He loved virtue and hated 
 vice. His heart was always touched by the misfortunes of 
 his friends or fellow-men, and his hand alw.ays outstretched 
 and his pocket open to alleviate distress, come from what 
 cpiarter it might. He was frank and firm in what he be- 
 lieved to be right, and would not “ have flattered Neptune 
 for liis trident, or Jove for his power to thunder.” He was 
 a modest and unassuming man, cool and reflecting. His 
 physical powers seemed hardly robust enough without ex- 
 citement to a full development of his intellectual. His an- 
 alytical and logical powers were of a superior type, and 
 when duly exercised on any subject, his conclusions were 
 seldom incorrect. He loved his family; he was bound to 
 them by strong cords of affection, and perhaps in no sphere 
 of life were the beauties of his true character and real inner 
 life displayed to better or even as good advantage as in his 
 family life — liis home circle. His home was home indeed; 
 there love and affection reigned, and virtue and intelligence 
 displayed themselves in their true loveliness and beauty. His 
 was a character requiring no concealments — no charitable 
 coverings, which the grave is too frequently called on to 
 conceal. “ De niorluis, nil nisi bomini ” is not to be ap- 
 plied to him. 
 
 * cPHER.SON, GENERAL JAMES BIRDSEYE, 
 was born at Clyde, Sandusky county, Ohio, No- 
 vember 14th, 1S28. His father, William McPher- 
 son, was of Scotch-Irish descent, .and his mother, 
 'J Cynthia (Russell) McPherson, was a native of 
 Massachusetts. They were married near Canan- 
 daigua, New York, and removed shortly thereafter to Ohio. 
 Here they settled on a tract of one hundred and sixty acres, 
 near where the village of Clyde now stands, and built a frame 
 house and blacksmith shop, and the husband divided his 
 time between working in the latter and clearing his farm. 
 
 ■ Four years after their arrival the future general was born. 
 
 He grew up among the surnmndings of a backwoods life, a 
 ’ hardy and vigorous lad, working in the various departments 
 i of farm labor. The father became unfortunate in business, 
 ; and with this blow came the keener one of failing health. 
 I The family were compelled to struggle the best they could. 
 James, the eldest, was thirteen years of age at the time, and 
 a bright, intelligent lad. He obtained’ a position with 
 Robert Smith, postmaster and storekeeper at Green Spring, 
 the next village, where he helped to lighten the burdens of 
 his mother. In this place he remained for six years as 
 store-boy and clerk. He was trustworthy and industrious, 
 and liked by all with whom he came in contact. After the 
 first year or two at the store he attended school in the win- 
 ter, and it was always a regret with him that he could not 
 attend more regularly. He was an admirable penman, and 
 relied much upon this to pass examination for West Point. 
 He was very anxious to improve his education and general 
 knowledge, and greedily devoured books of all kinds. The 
 vision of an appointment to West Point induced him to enter 
 the academy at Norwalk for a couple of sessions of pre])ara- 
 tory study. He was now nineteen, and he was fearful lest 
 this and his lack of education would militate against him in 
 his ambition to secure the coveted prize. He secured it, 
 however, and entered the academy a few months before at- 
 taining his m.ajority. Among his classmates was one with 
 whom in conflict he was afterwards to meet death— James 
 B. Hood. Another classmate was Philip H. Sheridan. 
 Others, whose names were afterwards distinguished in the 
 late war, were also in the class with this backwoods boy. 
 He was a remarkably apt scholar, especially in scientific 
 studies, and r.mked high as a well-behaved student. Grad- 
 uating at the head of his class, he was assigned to the en- 
 gineers. He was kept at the academy for a year as Assistant 
 Professor of Practical Engineering. E'or three years he was 
 engaged in engineering duty on the Atlantic coast, mostly 
 at the New York harbor. For three years and a half he 
 had charge of the fortifications in the harbor of San Fran- 
 cisco. He had developed into an accomplished engineer. 
 He w.as very affectionate in the family circle, thoroughly en- 
 joyed his visits home, where he was almost worshipped. 
 His father had died before his appointment to ^Ycst Point. 
 As is the case very generally with regular army officers, he 
 was conservative in politics, and had a dislike for extremists, 
 especially abolitionists. At the 1 reaking out of the war he 
 was in California, and he wrote to his mother a letter 
 couched in honest patriotism. After personal application 
 he obtained orders to come East in the summer of 1861, 
 and was assigned to engineer duty in Boston harbor, and in 
 August was made a Captain of Engineers. When Halleck 
 went West he was promoted to a Lieutenant-Colonelcy of 
 Volunteers, and assigned to his staff. This was in Novem- 
 ber of the above year. When Grant moved on Forts Henry 
 and Donelson, he was there as Brevet Major and Chief- 
 Engineer of the expeditionary forces. Here his health gave 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 287 
 
 way from exposure, and he was compelled to seek medical 
 assistance for a time. When he returned to duty early in 
 the spring, he bore with him the instructions to Grant for the 
 movement up the Tennessee. For efficient service in this 
 disastrous campaign, ending at Pittsburgh Landing, he was 
 promoted to a Ideutenant- Colonelcy in the regulms and a 
 Colonelcy in the volunteers, and again placed on Halleck’s 
 staff, this time as Chief-Engineer to the armies moving 
 against Corinth. Though he did his work faithfully and 
 well, he afterwards disapproved of the plans of his superior. 
 When the latter was summoned to Washington as General- 
 in-Chief, the young staff-officer remained behind, and shortly 
 after, on the recommendation of General Grant, was made 
 a Brigadier-General of Volunteers, that he might become 
 Military Superintendent of Railroads. He remained, how- 
 ever, on Grant’s staff until after the battle of luka. With a 
 hastily formed lirigade, he did good service in the relief 0/ 
 Rosecrans at Corinth. His gallantry soon after won him a 
 Major-General’s epaulettes. He was now called upon to 
 leave his duties as a railroad engineer, and in testimony of 
 appreciation his old subordinates gave him a parting supper, 
 at which he was presented with a horse, saddle, bridle and 
 sword. At this happy scene Grant, Logan, and many other 
 rising officers were present. After his promotion he was 
 assigned to the district of Bolivar. Here he furnished much 
 information to Grant in shaping his first Vicksburg cam- 
 paign. By order of the latter he made a successful recon- 
 noissance to discover the enemy’s strength. His services 
 were so well appreciated that he was placed in command of 
 the entire right wing of the army of the Tennessee, and 
 a.ssigned to the advance. When the movement upon Vicks- 
 burg by way of the Mississippi commenced, he was reorgan- 
 izing his command at Vicksburg, which had been much 
 weakened by the loss of supplies by the surrender at Holly 
 Springs, and which necessitated long marches and short 
 rations. He was prominent and active in this memorable 
 campaign, and was one of the most successful officers in his 
 operations. Indeed, many writers have placed upon his 
 brow the laurels of that great Union victory. On recom- 
 mendation of Grant he was made a Brigadier-General in the 
 regular army. At one time hints were thrown out that he 
 was too kind to rebel prisoners and had sympathies of a 
 Southern character, but they are hardly worthy of passing 
 notice. He was presented with a “gold medal of honor’’ 
 by the Board of Honor for his military successes. At the 
 opening of the Atlanta campaign he had secured the re- 
 enlistment of his corps. That memorable campaign was his 
 last. He took a conspicuous part in the movement on 
 Atlanta, doing noble service for his country. He had been 
 galloping hither and thither, giving orders and directing 
 movements, when he ran into the fatal trap. He was riding 
 from the l6th tow.ard his own corps, the 17th, which he had 
 heard was being badly pressed, when he came suddenly 
 upon a skinnish line of rebels, and was ordered to halt. 
 Pausing a moment, he dashed into a wood, followed by a 
 
 volley of bullets. A shot entered his right lung and shat- 
 tered the spine. His charger, wounded in two places, gal- 
 loped among his men, and mutely told the sorrowful story. 
 The wound wag necessarily fatal, and he was found an hour 
 afterwards, conscious, but unable to speak. His horse had 
 probably carried him too far for the rebels to follow. His 
 men fought terribly to revenge his loss, and drove back the 
 rebel assault with great loss. The entire army was bowed 
 in grief after the battle. He was killed July 22d, 1S64, in 
 the full strength of manhood. In personal appearance he 
 was a splendid specimen of a soldier, over six feet liigh, 
 well developed, and with graceful carriage. His loss was a 
 terrible blow to his family, of which he was the idol. He 
 was buried in the orchard of the old homestead at Clyde. 
 At the time he met his death he was betrothed to a young 
 lady of Baltimore. 
 
 I^AYLOR, JO.SEPH D., Lawyer, was born in Bel- 
 I mont county, Ohio, in November, 1830, but with 
 
 his parents removed to Guernsey county in 1833, 
 where he has ever since resided. Up to the age 
 of tw'enty years his life was spent mostly upon the 
 farm wdiere his home was situated, and wdiere, in 
 the laborious duties of farm life, alternating with hard 
 study during the wdnter months and the summer evenings, 
 w'as laid the foundation of those habits of intense application 
 and persevering industry wdiich have been the keynote to 
 his subsequent success. After this time his attention was 
 devoted more exclusively to literary pursuits, but having to 
 depend wholly on his own exertions, he studied, taught 
 school, and read lawq by turns, attending Madison College 
 a part of the time, where he went through all the branches 
 of the collegiate course except Greek. He taught in all 
 about five years, and was one of the most successful teachers 
 in eastern Ohio. He took an active jiart in the organization 
 and management of teachers’ associations and institutes, thus 
 contributing largely to the new era in public education, and 
 through the Fairview High School (attended mostly by 
 teachers), wdiich he established and taught for several years, 
 .and through the medium of his lectures and public ad- 
 dresses, delivered in almost every tow'ii, village and district, 
 in his own and some of the surrounding counties, he 
 reached by his l.diors and influence hundreds of schools and 
 thousands of scholars. While teaching he was elected 
 County Surveyor, and was subsequently re-elected, but re- 
 signed the office before completing his second term, to give 
 his attention to other duties. He was .School Examiner of 
 Guernsey county, but resigned this position upon entering the 
 army. In March, 1859, he was admitted to the bar before 
 the Supreme Court in Columbus. He attended the Cincin- 
 nati Law School two terms, graduating there in the spring 
 of l 36 o, and the following fall began the practice of law in 
 Cambridge, Ohio, w here he is now practising his profession. 
 When the war broke out he was appointed by the Governor 
 
zZS 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 a member of the county and district military committees, 
 and gave mudi time and valuable aid in the organization 
 of troops, and in procuring and forwarding supplies to the 
 soldiers in the field. In the fall of l86l, in connection with 
 W. H. F. Lenfesley, of Cambridge, Mr. Taylor purchased 
 the Gucynsey Times, the only Republican paper in the 
 county, and continued his connection therewith, iniblishing 
 it under the name of Taylor & Lenfestey for ten years, tak- 
 ing only a general management of the paper, during which 
 time the size of the paper was doubled, and the subscription 
 list increased from less than seven hundred to over two 
 thousand, while the Republican party grew from a b.are 
 plurality, which had given the Democrats for years before 
 th it fully one-half the offices, to a reliable majority of not less 
 than six hundred. In 1863, when General Morgan’s com- 
 mand crossed the Ohio river. Governor Tod issued a call for 
 troops to defend the State, giving it as his opinion that the 
 seat of war was about to be transferred to the north of the 
 Ohio river. Mr. Taylor raised a company for the SSth Ohio 
 Regiment and had it in camp in about ten days, where he 
 w.as by a unanimous vote of the company chosen Cajitain. 
 After the regiment was sufficiently organized and drilled for 
 active service, he was among the officers of this regiment 
 who petitioned the Secretary of War to send them to the 
 front instead of the undrilled hundred-day men, and the 
 order came to this effect, hut was countermanded at the in- 
 stance of General Richardson, who insisted that the regi- 
 ment could not be spared from Camp Chase, where they 
 were guarding many thousands of rebel soldiers. Soon 
 after this he was detailed on special duty, and reniaincil on 
 detached service until the close of the war, serving on 
 courts-martial and military commissions as Judge Advocate, 
 at Cincinnati, Indianapolis, and other places. In the fall 
 of 1864 he was appointed Judge Advocate of the District of 
 Indiana, with office at Indianapolis, where he remained 
 uniil i 865 . When he entered upon the new and responsible 
 duties incident to this position, there were hundreds of 
 criminals in the military prisons at Indianapolis, and the 
 plans of the Sons of Liberty and Knights of the Golden 
 Circle to release and arm the rebel prisoners in the North 
 had just come to light. The whole management of the 
 Judge Advocate’s department in that district was given to 
 him by General Ilovey, who was then in command, and 
 although the duties of District Judge Advocate did not re- 
 quire him to act as Judge Advocate of a military court, yet 
 as soo]i as the necessary records, clerks, and phonographic 
 reporters were provided, he organized two militaiy courts, 
 and served as Judge Advocate of both, one court sitting in 
 the forenoon, with one phonographic reporter, and the other 
 sitting in the afternoon, with another phonographic reporter. 
 Colonel Taylor thus discharged the ordinary duties of three 
 officers, his arduous labors often compelling him to remain 
 nearly all night in his office. While on duty at Indianapolis 
 he was sent to Cambriilge, Ohio, as Judge Advocate of a 
 military court convened by General Hooker to try the mur- 
 
 derers of John B. Cook, Provost Marshal. This was one 
 of the military trials during the war which attracted great 
 attention throughout the country, and assumed to some de- 
 gree a political character. The trial lasted three months, 
 resulting in the conviction of the prisoners, Oliver and 
 Hartup, and their subsequent execution at Camp Chase in 
 September, 1865, after making a full confession of their 
 crime. Colonel Taylor won golden opinions from the peo- 
 ple and the press for the signal ability and success with 
 which he managed the case against the determined efforts 
 and labored strategies of the able counsel who represented 
 the defence. While serving as Judge Advocate at Cin- 
 cinnati and Indianapolis, he made, at the instance of Gen- 
 eral Hooker, General Ilovey, and Colonel Burnett, a number 
 of important investigations and reports, all of which, as well 
 as all the records and reports made by him while he was 
 Judge Advocate, were approved by the Department of Jus- 
 tice and the Secretaiy of War. At the close of the war, after 
 being mustered out of the service, he was employed by the 
 government to act as Special Judge Advocate in the trial 
 of two important cases at Indianapolis, that of a quarter- 
 master and a disbursing officer of the regular army, in 
 which the government was interested to the amount of 
 several hundred thousand dollars. During his term of ser- 
 vice he was twice brevetted for his faithful and efficient ser- 
 vices in the interest of the government, which was done on 
 the recommendation of officers of the regular army as well 
 as of the civil service, for which, when confirmed by the 
 .Senate, he received his commissions ; and his superior offi- 
 cers also asked that he be paid extra compensation foj" his 
 services. In the early part of his professional career he was 
 twice elected Prosecuting Attorney of Guernsey county, and 
 was very strongly urged to be a candidate for a third term, 
 but declined. No officer in the county ever discharged his 
 duties more thoroughly or more acceptably, and his prose- 
 cution of those who violated the liquor laws was so vigorous 
 and successful that scarcely a saloon was found in the 
 county at the close of his term. In December, 1866, he 
 was married to Miss Hill, daughter of William Hill, of 
 North Berwick, Maine. In 1872, when the scarcity of 
 money seemed to impede the progress of im]irovements in 
 the community where he resided, he obtained authority to 
 organize a national bank, and procured the stock and com- 
 pleted the organization of the Guernsey National Bank, with 
 a capital of ^100,000, which has since been increased to 
 $150,000, of which he was chosen and still continues Presi- 
 dent. He has also been President of the Cambridge Board 
 of Education for the past six years, during which time the 
 board has built one of the finest union school buildings in 
 the State; for which the people of the Cambridge Union 
 School District are greatly indebted to him, as he led in the 
 movement for the house and in the management of the 
 building as it progressed. He took an active part in pro- 
 curing the stock and location at Cambridge of the Marietta 
 & Pittsburgh Railroad, and in all important enterprises, in- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 289 
 
 volving the moral and material interests of the community, 
 he is found at the head, both with his means and his influ- 
 ence. He is now practising law in Guernsey and adjoining 
 counties, and has a large and lucrative practice. He is a 
 man of unswerving integrity, tireless energy and spotless 
 reputation, and occupies the position in his State and com- 
 munity to which these qualities and the record of a hitherto 
 busy and useful life justly and legitimately entitle him. 
 
 LLEN, HON. JOHN \V., Lawyer, was born in 
 Litchfield, Connecticut, in 1802. His father, 
 John Allen, a lawyer by profession, was a native 
 of Great Barrington, Massachusetts, where Wil- 
 liam Cullen Bryant began life as a lawyer and 
 made Green river famous in one of his earliest 
 and sweetest poems. After removing to Connecticut, he 
 became a representative of that State in the last Congress 
 held in Philadelphia. The subject of this sketch left I-itch- 
 field at sixteen years of age and moved to Chenango county, 
 New York, where he received a fair classical education and 
 studied law. He next removed to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1825, 
 and after one year’s necessary study and residence com- 
 menced the practice of law in 1826. From 1831 to 1835 
 inclusive he was elected annually President of the village 
 corporation, and Mayor of the city of Cleveland in 1841. 
 In 1835-37 he represented the district of which Cuyahoga 
 county was a part, in the Ohio .Senate, and in 1836 was 
 elected to Congress, commencing with the extra session 
 called in September, 1S37. He was re-elected in 1838. 
 In the division of parlies of that d.iy he was a Whig, and by 
 reason of his admiration of and devotion to the person and 
 public policy of Henry Clay, he was classed with a large 
 parly of old-line Clay Whigs. He was one of the original 
 movers and workers in the enterprise of having railroads to 
 add to the growth and prosperity of his city and State, and 
 he has been fortunate enough to live to see the iron rail laid 
 all over the States, even to the Pacific. He discussed the 
 Subject of railroads in the newspapers as early as 1837, and 
 made some direction of such enterprises, but without practi- 
 cal avail on account of the financial embarrassments of the 
 country following that period, and perhaps for the further 
 re.a.son that his enterprising spirit was a few years in advance 
 of his contemporaries. In 1847 he was mainly instrumental 
 in procuring the legislative charter for the Cleveland, Co- 
 lumbus & Cincinnati Railroad, and canvassed the line of 
 the river to ask the people to subscribe to the stock, which 
 resulted in his obtaining the first subscription of $100,000. 
 He became the first President of the company, and by his 
 zealous activity and adroit management, in the face of apa- 
 thy, rival interests, and open opposition, secured its success 
 doubtless many years before it otherwise would have existed. 
 He was, for a time, one of the five commissioners of the 
 State, charged with the duty of putting into operation and 
 37 
 
 managing the State Bank of Ohio, and its several branches, 
 and under whose supervision it proved a sound and ad- 
 mirable banking system. In 1850 he was appointed, 
 under a resolution of the Legislature, the agent of the 
 State to investigate the claims of the State against the 
 national government, growing out of the grants of land in 
 aid of canals, which occupied him five years at Washington. 
 He was eminently successful in this service, and his labors 
 were of great value to the State. He received from Presi- 
 dent Grant in 1870 the appointment of Postmaster at Cleve- 
 land, and his commission was renewed in 1874. He proved 
 a very efficient officer, devoting his whole time and attention 
 thereto. His official intercourse, like his social, was admi- 
 rable in manner and spirit, which caused the public to regret 
 very much his retirement. He resigned in January, 1875. 
 He was twice married. His first wife was Ann Maria Per- 
 kins, of Warren, Ohio, who died early. His second was 
 Harriet C. Mather, of New London county, Connecticut. 
 Four children were born to them, two sons and two daugh- 
 ters. 
 
 jjURGERT, ADAM, Boot and Shoe Merchant, was 
 born in Stark county, Ohio, November 14th, 1826. 
 He is the son of David Burgert, an old and suc- 
 cessful merchant of the village of New Bedford, 
 Coshocton county, Ohio, and acquired his early 
 education in his native place. Until his eighteenth 
 year was reached he found employment under his father 
 in the capacity of clerk, and moved subsequently to New 
 Philadelphia, Tuscarawas county, Ohio, where during the 
 ensuing year he was similarly occupied, in clerking in a 
 dry-goods store. In 1846 he embarked in business on his 
 own account, and prosecuted it for a period of three years. 
 Disposing afterward of his interests in this trade, he resumed 
 his former station as clerk for M. W. Henry & Co., of 
 Akron, Ohio, with whom he was connected for about three 
 years. At the expiration of that time he removed to Cali- 
 fornia, and in the fall of 1852 received an appointment as 
 Deputy Sheriff in Eldorado county, in which capacity he 
 acted for two years and six months. While sojourning on 
 the Pacific slope he received various desirable office appoint- 
 ments in addition to the one mentioned, and wherever placed 
 uniformly gave entire satisfaction to all parlies concerned. 
 As Collector of Foreign Revenue, under I). E. Buel and 
 William Buchanan, in 1853-54, and part of 1855, he met 
 with notable success, conducting himself with laudable 
 ability and fidelity. In July of the latter year he resigned 
 the collectorship, and returned to Cleveland, Ohio, where he 
 was employed for four years as a clerk in a wholesale boot 
 and shoe house. He left Cleveland for Toledo in the fall 
 of 1859, and went into the wholesale hide and leather busi- 
 ness. Therein he continued until January 1st, 1866, when 
 he was compelled to sell out his interests in order to recruit 
 his health, which had suffered severely through rheumatism, 
 
290 
 
 EIOGRAnilCAL ENCVCLOr.EDIA. 
 
 contracted in the business. The summer of that year he 
 and his family spent in New Orleans and Mobile. He re- 
 turned home in September, with health very much improved, 
 and in the following December opened out in the wholesale 
 boot and shoe business, in which he has been engaged 
 ever since, and has been uniformly prosperous. He is now' 
 doing a trade of four hundred thousand dollars annually. 
 An excellent man of business, a keen and shrewd observer, 
 he has fairly earned the success that has crow'ned his efforts. 
 Politically he has been successively a Whig and a Repub- 
 lican. He was married September 3d, 1857, to Elizabeth 
 Wood, daughter of Bourdett Wood, of Bellevue, Ohio. 
 
 RADFORD, THOMAS C., M. D., Physician and 
 Surgeon, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, October 
 3d, 1S35, and is of Scotch and Irish extraction. 
 His education was acquired in the literary insti- 
 tutions of his native State. After leaving school 
 he determined to make the practice of medicine a 
 profession, and for that purpose he entered Jefferson College 
 in Philadelphia, and subsequently Bellevue Hospital Medical 
 College in New' York city, where he was graduated in the 
 spring of 1864. The superior advantages of tlie Eastern 
 medical colleges over the Western, for obtaining a thorough 
 scientific, medical and surgical education, led Dr. Bradford 
 first to Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, to be pre- 
 pared by their unequalled didactic course of instruction for 
 the clinical study of disease at the bedside in the large 
 charity institutions of New York city, to one of which, as its 
 name indicates, Bellevue College is attached, and in which 
 the most able faculty of the school taught the student first 
 the theory and then the practice at the bedside in the dif- 
 ferent w'ards of those great hospitals. With such advantages 
 and close application to his studies he w'as enabled to pass a 
 creditable examination on each branch of the profession, and 
 was graduated. His education having been purchased by 
 the proceeds of his ow'n labor, it was considered too valuable 
 to be thrown away. Consequently directly after the school 
 closed in 1864, he located in Cincinnati, Ohio, and began 
 the practice of his chosen profession. His arrival in Cincin- 
 nati was opportune indeed, as within a very short lime of 
 his appearance in the field several of the oldest physicians 
 of both schools w'ere removed by de.ath, leaving a large 
 opening that some one could fill w'ithout trending on the 
 toes of any one. Thus he early found use for the knowledge 
 gained at school, and by constant and w-ell-directed efforts 
 he has gained the position he now' holds in the city and 
 profession. Dr. Bradford’s life has thus been devoted 
 entirely to the healing art. Having had all of his time 
 absorbed in the practice of his profession, he has taken no 
 active part in politics and therefore is not known in the 
 political world. He has a fine medical and miscellaneous 
 library, to w'hich he is greatly attached. Of the Bulte Med- 
 
 ical College he is Treasurer, a member of the faculty, and 
 also one of the incorporators of that institution. In religion 
 he is a Protestant, being a member of the Second Presby- 
 terian Church of Cincinnati, of which Rev. Thomas 1 1 . 
 Skinner, D.D., is pastor. Dr. Bradford w'.as married on 
 October 6lh, 1868, to M. A. McCroskey, of his native city. 
 
 LEXANDER, WILLIAM IL, Lawyer, and In- 
 surance Agent, was born April nth, 1832, at 
 Fredericktown, Washington county, Pennsylvania. 
 He is of .Scotch and German descent, and a son 
 of Andrew Alexander, an extensive coal merchant 
 and agriculturist in his day. William received 
 instruction in the old log school house on the banks of the 
 Monongahela river, and completed his education at Car- 
 michael’s Academy, in Greene county, Pennsylvania. When 
 twenty-three years old, he removed to Knox county, Ohio, 
 where he engaged in teaching school, at the same time 
 reading law' under the supervision of Vance & Cooper,'or 
 Mount Vernon. After his admission to the bar, he removed 
 to Canton, in Stark county, where he commenced the prac- 
 tice of his profession in partnership with W. K. Upham. 
 After continuing a few years in this connection he relin- 
 quished the law', in order to devote his whole time to insur- 
 ance as a profession, and removing to Toledo, in the 
 autumn of 1867, he engaged actively in this business. 
 Towards the close of the year 1870, being assisted therein 
 by E. O. Brown and C. E. Bliven, he succeeded in perfect- 
 ing and putting into practical operation what is termed the 
 “ Toledo Schedule Rating.” While not entirely new, this 
 mode of rating was then for the first time made practicable ; 
 and the surveying and rating of the entire city of Toledo 
 was the first instance on record of the application of the 
 system to a whole city. He has continued since that date 
 to perfect the schedule, until it is now acknowledged to be 
 the most finished and just method of fixing an adequate and 
 exact rate for insurance. Notwithstanding the opposition it 
 has met, many of the first insurance men believe it to be the 
 best mode of determining rates, and that it will come into 
 general favor. Its perfection is mainly due to the genius, 
 perseverance and application of William H. Alexander. 
 
 TEEL, SAMUEL F., Law'yer, Judge of the Second 
 Subdivision of the Fifth Judicial District of Ohio, 
 W'as born in Hillsborough, Highland county, 
 Ohio, July 5th, 1837. He w'as the fourth child in 
 a family of six children whose parents were 
 Samuel Steel and Ann J. (Russell) .Steel. His 
 father, a native of Ireland, near Londonderry, w'as through 
 life a Presbyterian clergyman, who, after attaining enviable 
 distinction as a zealous and able spiritual counsellor and 
 
BIOGRAnilCAL EXCVCLOP.in )IA. 
 
 29 
 
 guide, died in November, 1S69. His mother, a native of 
 riiiladelphia, Pennsylvania, was a daughter of Captain 
 Russell, commander of a merchantman that was lost at sea. 
 He received a liberal preliminary and literary education, 
 w.as a student for one year at the Miami University of Ohio, 
 and for the same length of time attended the Centre College 
 of Danville, Kentucky. For one year also he pursued a 
 course of studies at the Princeton College of New Jersey. 
 After graduating in 1859, he began teaching school, as 
 private tutor for Mrs. Whitney, and was engaged at this 
 occupation for three years. In 1S62 he returned to Hills- 
 borough, Highland county, Ohio, and there — having studied 
 law while sustaining the role of educator — resumed his legal 
 studies. In the fall of 1S64 he was admitted to the bar, and 
 entered upon the practice of his profession. He was subse- 
 quently engaged in successful professional labors, making 
 rapid strides toward the leading rank of practitioners, until 
 the fall of 1871, the dale of his election as Judge of the 
 Common Pleas Court. In the discharge of the duties of 
 this honor.rble position he has since been assiduously 
 engaged. He is one of the youngest Judges of the State of 
 Ohio, yet the possessor of the confidence of the general 
 community, and the sincere esteem of his brethren at the 
 bar, and on the bench. His political conceptions and 
 principles are embodied in the rule of action of the Demo- 
 cratic party, to which, accordingly, he lends his influence 
 and support. Religiously, he favors the doctrines of the 
 Presbyterian church. He was married in 1875 1° Mary F. 
 Poor, of Washington, District of Columbia. 
 
 ENT, MARVIN, Projector and ex-President of the 
 Atlantic and Great Western Railroad, was born 
 at Ravenna, Ohio, September 21st, 1816. His 
 father, Zenas Kent, was a joiner and carpenter by 
 trade. When a young man, he formed the 
 acquaintance of Captain Heman Oriatt. This 
 gentleman discovered in Mr. Kent high qualifications for 
 business pursuits, and in 1815 succeeded in inducing him to 
 embark in mercantile life at Ravenna. The executive and 
 financial ability which he displayed, coupled with entcr]n ise 
 and methodical management of his affairs, soon made him 
 one of the most successful as well as one of the most reput- 
 able merchants of northern Ohio. It was in his establish- 
 ment that his son, Marvin Kent, was trained. Up to the 
 age of nineteen, his time was alternated between his father’s 
 store and the school. His education was finished at Tall- 
 madge Academy, and while it was in progress he was being 
 inducted into the practical details of mercantile life. In his 
 nineteenth year his father intrusted him with the purchase 
 of his spring stock of goods, and for this purpose he visited 
 Philadelphia and New York, having special instructions to 
 buy on his own judgment and to disregard the advice of 
 
 others relative to the investments he had in contemplation. 
 His father was pleased with his purchases, and with the high 
 order of mercantile skid which his son, at so early a period 
 in life, had exhibited. In 183S, the year following the 
 attainment of his majority, Marvin became associated with 
 his father in mercantile business at Franklin Mills, Ohio, 
 now Kent, but on account of the precarious state of his 
 health relimjuished it soon, and embarked in tanning in an 
 establishment erected by his father and Captain John Brow n, 
 subsequently of Harper’s Ferry notoriety. While thus 
 engaged he was married to Maria, daughter of the late 
 Colonel William Stewart. He conducted the tannery with 
 success for some years, and in 1844 returned to mercantile 
 life, becoming at the same time largely interested in the 
 manufacture of flour. In the latter business he continued 
 without interruption for about twenty years. In 1S50 in 
 company with others he engaged in the manufacture of 
 window' glass at Franklin Mills, and erected and placed in 
 operation extensive w'orks. It W'as during the same year 
 that he entered upon the most important labor of his life, 
 and which secured to him a reputation that must be co-ex- 
 istent with the grand public work he carried to completion. 
 He projected in 1850 the Atlantic and Great Western Rail- 
 road, designeel to connect the Erie with the Ohio and Mis- 
 sissippi Railway, and to form a grand trunk line, uniform 
 in gauge its entire length, from New York to St. Louis. In 
 1851 the necessary legislation was obtained, but in order to 
 secure the charter he was obligeil to subscribe fer the full 
 amount of stock reejuired by law for the organization of the 
 company, etc., as well as to indemnify some of the first Board 
 of Directors for the payment of one share subscribed by each 
 to make them eligible for election. This was necessary, as 
 little confidence w'as then felt in the success of so great an 
 undertaking. The organization of the new cempany was 
 completed by the choice of Mr. Kent as Piesident. This 
 res]X)nsible position he filled with the highest integrity and 
 ability, excepting an interval of three years, until the com- 
 pletion of the road in 1S64. On June 2lst of that year he 
 had the indescribable satisfaction of driving the last spike 
 in the last rail. In his maiden speech, delivered upon this 
 auspicious occasion, he referred to the fact that on the 4lh 
 day of July, 1853, he had broken ground for the new road 
 wilh his own hands, and removed the fust shovelful of 
 earth. It was especially gratifying to him to particiiiate in 
 the ceremony of finishing the road, which, united wilh the 
 Erie and the Mississippi Railway, formed 40011111101113! line, 
 with a gauge of six feet, from New York to St. Louis. '1 his 
 road, projected by Mr. Kent, encountered perhaps more 
 opposition in its construction than any other in the Union, 
 yet notwithstanding the obstacles that were constantly set 
 in the way of this grand undertaking, he carried it foiward 
 with unwavering energy, and was at length renarded with 
 the honors of a triuni|ih. The Poiinge County Democrat, of 
 June 3d, 1863, contained this tribute of respect to him: 
 “ The location of the shops at Franklin Mills is doubtless 
 
292 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL 
 
 due to the position and influence of Marvin Kent, Esq., the ^ 
 President of the road, who resides at that point. If any man 
 ought to be gratified and benefited by the location of the 
 shops, it is President Kent. He was not only the early 
 friend of this road, but if we are correctly informed, he 
 originated the idea of its construction. In carrying forward 
 this great improvement to its completion he has toiled and 
 struggled for over twelve years, amidst doubt and discour- ' 
 agement, amidst jeers and sneers and obloquy. While 
 others hesitated, he stood fast; when the fainthearted turned 
 aside, he persevered with unfaltering nerve and courage; 
 when timid friends forsook, he succeeded in raising up other 
 friends and in attracting capital to this great work ; and thus 
 with a patience, a courage, an assiduity, an unswerving 
 fidelity to a single aim that reaches the jroint of real heroism, 
 h.rs he held on his way through twelve laborious years of 
 llucluations, vicissitudes, and uncertainties, neglecting or 
 abandoning his private business, pledging or imperilling, or 
 at least casting into the hazard of success his large private 
 fortune for the benefit of his cherished enterprise. And yet 
 he has labored all this time without general .appreciation; 
 the select few, more intimately associated in official rela- 
 tions with him, only knowing and appreciating his trials 
 and his toils. But it is time the man to whom, more than 
 to any other, the country is indebted for this great and lead- 
 ing road should be understood and appreciated, for every j 
 man and every community benefited by the construction of 
 this road owis to Marvin Kent a debt of gratitude. He is 
 to be congratulated on the success which the intelligence, 
 the ability, and the fixe 1 and resolute purpose which he has 
 brought to bear on the enterprise, have accomplished. 
 Who, under these circumstances, can grudge to Mr. Kent 
 the location of the extensive machine shops in the place of i 
 his residence? Who, more than he, and what community ! 
 than the one flavored by his residence among them, can be 
 more entitled to the benefit? ” Upon the completion of this 
 road, and the successful consummation of his project, Mr. 
 Kent substantially retired from business to the enjoyment 
 of private life. Upon the death of his father in 1865, he j 
 became his successor as President of the Kent National 
 Bank, which ever since its organization has been in a pros- 
 perous condition. At the election in October, 1875, he was 
 chosen to represent the Twenty-sixth District of Ohio in the 
 •State Senate. Mr. Kent is a gentleman of varied experi- 
 ence and of varied business qualifications, equally capable 
 as an engineer or as financial man.ager to conduct a great 
 public work. He has remarkable tenacity of purpose, and 
 once resolved as to the value of an enterprise, no human 
 obstacle can prevent him from carrying it out. It was this 
 undaunted perseverance that carved success out of most 
 adverse circumstances, in the construction of the Atlantic & 
 Great Western road. He is a man of liberal views and 
 generous impulses, and has in a great variety of ways aided 
 in advancing the material welfare of those among whom he 
 lives. I 
 
 ENCVCLfllP.EDI.V. 
 
 ARNEK, SIDNEY LARDERS, Banker and Mer- 
 chant, was born April loth, 1S29, in Suffield, 
 Connecticut, and came with his parents to Ohio, 
 locating at first in Portage county, whence they 
 subsequently removed to Wellington, Lorain 
 county. He received a common school education 
 in different schools in northern Ohio, and also studied at 
 an academy in Norwalk, and at Oberlin College. When 
 about twenty years of age he commenced operations as a 
 farmer and stock-dealer; and by habits of economy and 
 careful investments accumulated a large jwoperly. He is 
 now engaged in banking and also clieese dealing. He is 
 one of the firm of Hon, Warner & Co., of Wellington, cheese 
 manufacturers and dealers, and is also a partner in the hou.se 
 of Braman, Hon & Warner, of Elyria, Ohio, cheese dealers. 
 He is President of the First National Bank of Wellington, 
 and a Director of the Savings Bank of Elyria. He was 
 elected to the Legislature in 1861, and re-elected in 1S63. 
 In 1865 he was elected .State Treasurer, and re-elected in 
 both 1867 and 1869, being the only person in the State who 
 ever held th.at office for three terms in succession under the 
 present constitution. He is connected with the Citizens’ 
 Mutual Relief Association of Wellington in the capacity of 
 President. He is regarded by the entire community as a 
 valued citizen, an eminent financier, and possessing qualities 
 of a high order. He is pleasant and affable in his manners, 
 and esteemed by everyone. He was married in the autumn 
 of 1S51 to Margaret A. Bradner, of Huntingdon, Ohio. 
 
 ^^IBSON, THOMAS, Plumber, was born in 1823, in 
 Newland parish, Scotland, and came to the United 
 States when but eight years of age. He first found 
 employment in a bakery in New York city, where 
 he worked a short time, and subsequently worked 
 for two and a half years in a screw nail factory in 
 the village of Ramapo, New York .State. He then removed 
 to the western country and p;issed five years on a farm in 
 Missouri. W'hen sixteen years old he arrived in Cincinnati, 
 literally penniless. In that city he entered the plumbing 
 establishment of his uncle, Peter Gibson, which the latter 
 founded in 1832, and was the first industry of the kind at 
 that period. He thoroughly mastered all the minutioe of the 
 trade, and has been ever since connected with the concern 
 in some capacity, and extending over a period of thirty-seven 
 years. In 1845 he was admitted as a partner, the firm being 
 known as Peter & Thomas Gibson. Their house was then 
 located on Walnut between Third and Fourth streets. In 
 1856 Peter Gibson retired from the firm, and was succeeded 
 by his son, J. B. Gibson, now one of the proprietors of the 
 Gibson I louse. The style of the house was changed to 
 J. B. & T. Gibson, and the establishment was removed to 
 the present site. Nos. 200 and 202 Vine street, a building 
 which they erected for their own purposes. In 1871 another 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCI.OP.KDIA. 
 
 293 
 
 change occurred by reason of the senior partner disposing 
 of his interest in the business to Calvin Zell and Robert 
 Carlisle, when the firm name became Thomas Gibson & Co., 
 and so remains. The house is also connected with a brass 
 foundry, of which L. Maxwell Is the active partner. The 
 establishment of Thomas Gibson & Co. is the oldest in Cin- 
 cinnati of the kind, and when first founded, the proprietors 
 were their own workmen. Now, a large number of hands 
 is constantly employed to execute the many large orders 
 with which they are charged. The great increase in their 
 business is largely owing to the high character of the pro- 
 prietors and the mode of conducting their business. Not 
 only do they attend to the higher class of work demanded 
 in the city of Cincinnati, but their reputation has extended 
 to other towns and cities and the surrounding countrv’, from 
 which they have secured an extensive patronage. They are 
 thoroughly alive to all the improvements and inventions 
 incident to their special line of work, and many of the most 
 celebrated foreign appliances are daily produced and used in 
 their business. The present senior member of the firm, 
 Thomas Gilison, has taken a great interest in all those public 
 movements which tend to develop the welfare of the city, 
 and he is one of the members of the Board of Managers for 
 the Mechanics’ Institute. He is also a constant laborer in 
 his church, and is a gentleman who exemplifies his principles 
 both in his business and daily life. 
 
 NDREWS, ALANSON, Jr., President of the 
 Union Manufacturing Company of Toledo, was 
 born June 4th, 1841, at Wales, Massachusetts, on 
 which day also his mother died in giving him 
 birth ; his father died at Loudenville, Ohio, in 
 1S50. When he was four years old he was placed 
 with his grandparents, then residing at Ashland, Ohio, where 
 he lived and where he attended school until his seventeenth 
 year. He then evinced a strong desire for travel, trusting 
 that he might find some opening whereby he could improve 
 his fortunes. He effected an engagement with a family 
 westward bound as a teamster, and on their arrival in Mis- 
 souri, which was their destination, he continued to act in 
 that capacity in Howard county, for the space of one year. 
 He afteiwvards removed to the southwestern part of the same 
 State, in company with one Winought, wdiose family con- 
 sisted of his wife and a Root-Digger Indian, whom Winought 
 had previously brought from California. Andrews took 
 with him some cattle wdiich he had received in lieu of 
 money, in return for his hard work. On arriving in Vernon 
 county, he allowed his stock to be used in part payment for 
 Winought’s farm, and these tw’o then labored diligently in 
 fencing in the land, and in breaking ground for the crop, 
 but it was the year when a terrible drought prevailed 
 throughout Missouri, and all their labors proved a total 
 failure, and Andrews became so discouraged that he left 
 
 that country. With but ten dollars in his pocket he com- 
 menced his journey. He succeederl in hiring himself to a 
 man who was driving hogs to southern Illinois, in return 
 for which service he and his pony were provided for. 
 When he had reached their point of destination, he went 
 to work husking corn, being paid therefor at fifty cents per 
 day, but, not being as proficient as the older hands, was 
 soon discharged. He then started for northern Illinois 
 with his pony, but as his funds were exhausted, he was 
 obliged to stop and try corn-husking again, being compen- 
 sated therefor at the old rate. When again ready to resume 
 his travels, his little friend, the pony, had died. With the 
 money now due him, and which he received, he purchased 
 a ticket on the Illinois river to take him to Geneseo, Illinois, 
 where his brother and other relatives resided. After obtain- 
 ing his ticket, he had but twenty-five cents remaining, and 
 when at midnight he w'as to change cars, he was obliged to 
 wait for the morning train to carry him to his destination, 
 and this he did beside a heap of coals and hot ashes left 
 there by the locomotive, and by means of wdiich he gained 
 a little W'armth. Covered with cinders he arrived at Geneseo 
 and presented himself to his relatives, w ho were among the 
 first citizens of the jilace. He soon obtained w'ork on a farm, 
 where he continued until the breaking out of the civil w'ar, 
 wdien he enlisted as a private in Company H, of the 59th 
 Indiana Volunteer Infantry, the company then commanded 
 by Captain John Simpson, who is now the General Super- 
 intendent of the Terre Haute & Indianapolis Railroad. 
 After .spending some time at Camp Morton, the troops were 
 ordered to Pittsburgh Landing, in Tennessee. He was at 
 Corinth, both at the capture of that place, and in the fight 
 between Price and Vandorn, in their attempts to recapture 
 that point. He also participated in the Yazoo Pass expedi- 
 tion, down the Black river, and at the taking of Jackson, 
 Mississippi. At the battle of Champion Hills, in the last- 
 named State, he w'as wounded through both thighs, left on 
 the field with the wounded, and so taken prisoner. In about 
 six weeks thereafter, he was paroled and sent to Memiihis. 
 He was thence transferred to the Invalid Corps at St. Louis, 
 where, at the I'ourth street hospital, he was placed in charge 
 of undertakers’ orders and passes for the inmates and attend- 
 ants. The first time he indulged in a walk outside, he 
 happened to pass along the levee when he sighted a steamer 
 wdiich seemed familiar to him, as indeed it proved to be the 
 one in which his company had previously been transported. 
 He found on board an old companion in arms, one of the 
 few of the command wdio still survived the vicissitudes of 
 war. None but a soldier can understand or ajipreciate the 
 feelings of both, as they clasped hands after so long an 
 absence, and after parting on the battle-field. As the men 
 were under guard at that time and not allow'ed the privileges 
 of the city, he was not there long wdth his )iasses, befoie 
 they succeeded in obtaining their lilierty. On the following 
 day, when the boat was leaving for Vicksburg, with his 
 company to join their regiment (they having been detailed 
 
294 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 to proceed to St. Louis as guards over a large number of 
 prisoners) that d.iy was the last of his services as a member 
 of the Invalid Corps. On arriving at Vicksburg he was 
 made an instructor of a company of colored troops destined 
 for a regiment then forming. They succeeded in enlisting 
 men, but where there was one recruit brought to camp by 
 the men, they passed the remainder of the day in burying 
 some of those already recruited. Owing to the various 
 diseases, at that time prevailing in camp, it was almost im- 
 possible to keep up the/ numerical strength of the companies. 
 When his regiment received marching orders, he accom- 
 lianied tltein. They embarked from Vicksburg for Mem- 
 phis, and thence across the country to Chattanooga.' He 
 was in General .Sherman’s command, although not on ac- 
 tive service, being still lame from his wound. Through 
 carelessness on the first night of the att.ack on Mission 
 Ridge, he was captured, taken to Belle Island, where he 
 was detained during the entire winter. In the following 
 spring he was removed to Andersonville, where he remained 
 for si.\ months, and subsequently taken to Charleston, South 
 Carolina, where he was placed under the fire of the Union 
 guns. His prison e.\perience was by no means pleasant. 
 As the shot passed over the heads of boys in blue they 
 would greet it with a cheer; and, in fact, the only regret 
 seemed to be that the shot did not come nearer. The 
 Union prisoners were again removed to Elorence, South 
 Carolina, where they continued over fourteen months, and 
 finally took passage on a government transport bound to 
 Annapolis, Maryland, reaching there too late to take any 
 further part in the suppression of the rebellion, which was 
 nearly at an end. He was finally mustered out of the ser- 
 vice at Indianapolis, Indiana; shortly after which be suc- 
 ceeded in obtaining a situation on the railroad, first as fire- 
 man, and then as brakesman. After some time occupied 
 in these duties, he relinquished the railway, and, having 
 saved some money while a prisoner of war, he invested the 
 amount in a patent right; but after a year’s experience, he 
 found all his means had been swallowed up, excepting the 
 sum of sixty-five dollars, which he had previously sent home 
 while in the field. He had been with his company paid 
 off, somewhere to the south of Corinth, Mississippi, and 
 being desirous of saving a hundred dollars, confided that 
 amount to an express company, which charged him thirty- 
 five dollars for this service ! As an engagement was 
 anticipated about that time, a large amount of money was 
 sent North by different p>arties, and probably on the same 
 extortionate terms. After be had received the amount of 
 sixty-five dollars, he started for Toledo, and after his arrival 
 there eng.aged in the lumber forwarding business, assisted 
 by P. M. Dinger of New Vork, and others, and by means 
 of Philadel[)hia, Boston and Albany houses, established an 
 extensive trade. He built at this city sever.al vessels, one 
 being the schooner" Benson,” and sent her to sea; she was 
 the first vessel leaving the lakes, loaded with grain, bound 
 direct to Europe. He also built the schooner “A. L. An- 
 
 drews,” so named in honor of his wife. In January, 1875, 
 he was electeil President, and in the following April, Treas- 
 urer of the Union Manufacturing Company of Toledo, Ohio, 
 w hich positions he still occupies with honor to himself, to his 
 business, and to his associates. Since his connection with 
 the company, he has succeeded in materially advancing its 
 already large business, and improving its trade in many 
 ways. It is at the present time one of the largest establish- 
 ments in America, and its products find a sale in every city 
 of the Union. By bis genial and affable manners he has 
 won a host of friends, and those in his em])loy have a special 
 regard for him. Brave as a soldier, inured to hardships of 
 every description, he is one of the best representatives of the 
 self-made men of America. He was married on Christmas 
 day, 1868, to Abby L. Andrews, of Ashland, Ohio. 
 
 LEER, JOHN W., Merchant and Brevet Major- 
 General United States Volunteers, w'as born July, 
 1827, in Cambridge, lingland, and came to the 
 United States with his fatber’.s family in 1833. 
 His father, a Baptist clergyman, and a graduate 
 of Bristol College, England, personally superin- 
 tended the education of his son, and to him the latter is 
 largely indebted for whatever success he has met with in 
 life. He passed the years of his boyhood and earlier man- 
 hood in Utica, New York, where he was widely know'ii as 
 one of the leading merchants of that place. In 1858 his 
 establishment was destroyed by fire; and, in the autumn of 
 the same year, he removed to Toledo. Previous to the out- 
 break of the civil war he was engaged in the book pub- 
 lishing business, and was extensively known as a leading 
 man in that branch of trade. When the rebellion com- 
 menced he left a prosperous business and a young family, 
 to join the Union army. Having had a taste for military 
 matters, he had for some years been studying tactics, and 
 thus hail prepared himself for the work he was about to 
 undertake, and although he was comparatively a stranger in 
 Ohio, he was, after a few weeks’ service on the staff of 
 General Hill, in West Virginia, a]ipointed to the command 
 of the 27th Ohio Infantry. He entered the field with his 
 regiment in August, 1861, and served in the cam])aign 
 of Missouri, ioini)ig General P'remont at Springfield about 
 the first of November. In February, 1862, his regiment 
 formed a part of the force under the command of Gen- 
 eral Pope which drove the enemy out of New Madrid, 
 and which, in April, crossed the Mississippi and captured 
 Island Number Ten, together with several thousand pris- 
 oners. He remained under General Pope until after the 
 evacuation of Corinth by Beauregard. In July, 1862, he 
 was ]ilaced in command of the Ohio Brigade, which soon 
 became among the most famous in the Western army. This 
 brigade was composed of the 27th (Fuller’s), 39th (Governor 
 Noyes), 43d (General Wager Swayne), and the 63d (Gen- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOICL DIA. 
 
 295 
 
 eral Sprague). At luka this brigade came to the fight 
 only to see its close, but at the battle of Corinth it played 
 so conspicuous a part, that Colonel Fuller was specially 
 mentioned by Generals Hanley and Rosecrans, and he was 
 afterwards promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General, for 
 services at this battle. In December, 1862, his command 
 fought Forrest at Parker’s Cross Roads, Tennessee, driving 
 him across the Tennessee river, capturing seven pieces of 
 artillery and three hundred and sixty prisoners. In March, 
 1864, he crossed the Tennessee river with his forces by 
 night and captured Decatur, Al.abama, at daylight, which 
 place they strongly fortified. In the Atlanta campaign his 
 brigade was conspicuous at Resaca, Dallas and at Kenesaw 
 Mountain. Early in July he was assigned to the command 
 of the 4th Division, l6th Army Corps. In the battle of 
 Atlanta, on July 22d, his command bore an important part, 
 and for his services in this battle he was subsequently made 
 M.ajor-General by brevet. He marched with Sherman to 
 the sea, then from Savannah, Georgia, to Raleigh, North 
 Carolina, where Johnston surrendered, and the war closed. 
 After being honorably discharged from the service, he 
 returned to Toledo, where he resumed the mercantile busi- 
 ness, and is now one of the leading merchants of that city. 
 He is the senior member of the firm of Fuller, Childs & Co., 
 one of the largest boot and shoe houses in the Northwest. 
 He is also Collector of Customs for the Port and District 
 of Toledo, having been aitpointed to that position by Presi- 
 dent Grant. In politics he is a staunch Republican. He 
 was married in 1853 to Anna B. Rathbun, of Utica, New 
 York. 
 
 ATTHE\Y.S, HON. ALBERT G., Lawyer, ex, 
 ‘’"414’ i ex-Mayor, of Hillsborough, Highland 
 
 county, Ohio, was born near the aforesaid town, 
 March 31st, 1819. He was the sixth child in a 
 family of twelve children, whose parents were 
 John Matthews and Mary (Hussey) Matthews. 
 His father, a native of North Carolina, followed through 
 life mainly agricultural pursuits; in June, 1805, he moved to 
 Ohio, settling in Highland county, where he resided until 
 his demise, August 17th, 1848. His name is prominent in 
 the annals of the early growth and initial development of 
 Highland county; he was for fourteen years one of the 
 Associate Judges of that county; and for a number of years 
 was also Justice of the Peace and County Commissioner. 
 His mother, a native of Tennessee, a daughter of Chris, Hus- 
 sey, one of the adventurous pioneers of Greene county, Ohio, 
 died April 22d, 1866. Until he had attained his majority, 
 his days were passed alternately in laboring on his father’s 
 farm during the summer season, and in attending school 
 through the winter months. He also passed one term in 
 literary study at Hillsborough Academy, in Highland 
 county, Ohio. In December, 1840, his store of scholarly 
 attainments having assumed fair dimensions, he engaged in 
 
 teaching school in the same county, and in that and Ross 
 county found steady occupation as an educator, for a period 
 of lour years. In the final year of his experience as a 
 teacher, he commenced the reading of law, under the super- 
 vision of McDowell and Collins, of Hillsborough, and in 
 1845 attended a course of lectures at the law school of 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. On the 25th of December, 1845, he 
 passed the required examination, and was admitted to the 
 bar. He then opened a law office in Hillsborough, and 
 entered upon the practice of his profession, ])rimarily, for 
 one year, as a member of the law firm with which he had 
 begun his studies, afterward alone until March, 1873, '"’hen 
 he took into partnership with him his present law partner, 
 Henry M. Huggins, a promising young lawyer of Hills- 
 borough, under the firm-name of Matthews & Huggins. 
 Since his entry into professional life he has resided ])erma- 
 nently in Hillsborough, and there conducts the affairs of 
 a very extensive clientage, h'or two years he officiated as 
 Mayor of the town, and served three years as Probate 
 Judge, his election dating from 1854. To the latter office 
 he was re-elected in i860, for a further period of three 
 years. He has always been more or less intimately identi- 
 fied with the educational ami public interests of his native 
 county, and is, and has been, uniformly a valuable and 
 zealous co-laborer in all measures and enterprises designed 
 with a view toward develojiing fruitfully the more impor- 
 tant resources of his .State and county. His political views 
 and sentiments harmonize with the formula of the Demo- 
 cratic parly, and he cast his first Presidential vote in favor 
 of Martin Van Buren, in 1S40. P'or fifteen years he has 
 been a Deacon in the Presbyterian Church, and in it is 
 warmly esteemed for his moral and upright course of life. 
 January Slh, 1846, he was married to Margaret J. McDowell, 
 daughter of his old preceptor, Joseph J. McDowell. 
 
 )jOHNSTON, G. W. C., Merchant and eleventh 
 Mayor of Cincinnati, under the present constitution 
 of Ohio, was born in that city, in 1829. His an- 
 cestry originally came from the north of Ireland, 
 and settled in Cincinnati at an early date; in fact, 
 they were among its pioneers. After having en- 
 joyed the advantages afforded by the public schools of the 
 day, he learned the trade of a house and sign painter, and 
 then embarked in the business on his own account, con- 
 
 tinuing to follow his trade until 1850, when he became en- 
 gaged in mercantile pursuits. In 1856 he changed the 
 character of his business into a dealer of fire-wood, and 
 
 subsequently added coal, and this avocation he has ever 
 since followed, uninterrupted by official duties. He has 
 always been attached to the principles of the Democratic 
 party. At an early period he served it as a member of the 
 Executive Committee, of which body he was several times 
 Chairman. In 1859 he was elected a member of the City 
 
206 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 Council from what is now known as tlie Eiglith Ward. In 
 l86i he was chosen member of the .School Board, and 
 served for four years. While in the Board he was nomi- 
 nated as the Democratic candidate for City Auditor, but 
 failed to be elected, the entire ticket being defeated. In 
 1871 he was elected, by a City Council which was politi- 
 cally opposed to him, a member of the Board of Health. 
 The following year he was chosen to the responsible 
 position, by a vote of the people, of trustee of the Water- 
 works for the term of three years ; and while in that office, 
 in April, 1873, w.is selected as the Democratic candidate 
 for Mayor of Cincinnati. He was returned by a majority 
 of upwards of sixteen hundred over an able and popular 
 competitor, who had previously been m.ayor. No Democrat 
 had filled that office for the period of ten years. In 1872 
 lie was the chairman of the Hamilton county delegation 
 to the Democratic State Convention- at Cleveland, which 
 selected the delegates to the National Presidential Conven- 
 tion and the Presidential electors. In 1875, his term as 
 mayor expiring, he was unanimously nominated by the 
 Democracy for re election. This was the first time in 
 twenty years that the party had nominated a candidate for 
 re-election. It was r.atified by the unusually large majority 
 of 6397 votes over a most worthy competitor, this majority 
 being nearly fourfold as great as he had previously re- 
 ceived. Wdiile he has been thus active in political life, he 
 has been a very industrious business man, taking much in- 
 terest in everything of a commercial character that is de- 
 signed to forward the interests of Cincinnati. 
 
 of ROUGH, JOHN, third “War Governor” of Ohio, 
 was born in Marietta, Ohio, September lyih, 
 '<? I I 1811. His father emigrated to this country from 
 England in 1806. A fellow-passenger in the 
 ship was the noted Blennerhasset, with whom he 
 afterwards remained on the most friendly rela- 
 tions until his unfortunate connection with the Burr con- 
 spiracy. The mother of John was a native of Pennsylvania, 
 and it was from her he inherited the force of character that 
 afterwards distinguished him. He was the oldest of three 
 sons, but second in a family of five children. He received 
 a good common school education. In 1822 his father died, 
 leaving the family to depend upon their own exertions for 
 support, and John w-ent into the employ of Royal Prentiss, 
 a printer of Marietta, and set type for a few months. An 
 opportunity offering, he entered the Ohio University, at 
 Athens, and while there worked at his trade in the early 
 morning and at night. He made rapid progress in his 
 studies. Fond of out-door exercise, he was fleet of foot 
 and the best ball-player in the village. About the time he 
 came of age he went to Parkersburg, where he edited the 
 Gazette of that place. Returning to Marietta, he published 
 and edited the IVashin^ton Comity Republican for a short 
 
 time. In 1833 he purchased the Ohio Eagle, at Lancaster, 
 which he edited for five years, spending his winters at the 
 State capital, where he was Clerk of the upper House of 
 the Legislature. It was here that he began to exhibit the 
 financial ability that distinguisheil him in after life. He 
 was a member of the lower House in 1838-39, being 
 elected to represent the counties of Fairfield and Hocking, 
 and was an outspoken and vigorous legislator, e.specially 
 upon financial questions. He was afterwards elected State 
 Auditor, in recognition of his services, although he was 
 bitterly opposed by some of the leading men of his party. 
 He held the office for six years, and at the beginning of his 
 term thoroughly reorganized the office in its business 
 details, and introduced many excellent reforms of an en- 
 during character. He made an enviable reputation by his 
 official acts, and his annual reports are among the most 
 valuable historical papers of the State. Especially had he 
 a keen scent in detecting corruption, and in hunting after 
 dodging tax-payers. In this way he discovered and pre- 
 sented claims against 300,000 acres of canal lands, the 
 owners of which had successfully eluded the tax-collector 
 for years. He earnestly set about to reform the loose way 
 in which the public money was handled, and to introduce a 
 financial system that would hold the State officers to strict 
 accountability in receipts and expenditures. Opposition 
 met him at every point, but it became weaker and weaker, 
 until his efforts met with success. As one result of this 
 reform, 1,020,000 acres of land were added to the taxable 
 list. The .State was finally freed from pecuniary embarrass- 
 ment and her credit restored, and for this Ohio owes much 
 to the sterling integrity and financial ability of honest John 
 Brough. His views were profound with regard to taxation 
 and retrenchment, and his theories were clearly and for- 
 cibly expounded. He devoted much time to the subject 
 of the inequality in taxation, and jirescribed a remedy, 
 which was the appraisement of all property at its cash 
 value, arguing that, though it would undoubtedly swell the 
 aggregate, it would materially reduce the rate. His views 
 on all questions were broad and statesmanlike, and, al- 
 though a Democrat, he was never bound by party ties. 
 While Auditor of the State he bought the Ehcenix news- 
 paper, at Cincinnati, changed its name to the Enquirer, 
 and made his brother Charles editor. At the close of his 
 official term he began the practice of law in Cincinnati, de- 
 voting a portion of his time to the editing of his paper. 
 There is some evidence that he was ambitious to represent 
 his State in the Lhiited States Senate, a position for which 
 he was eminently fitted as an eloquent speaker and experi- 
 enced legislator. The pro-slavery features of the Demo- 
 cratic party gradually estranged him, politically, from its 
 leaders, and he resolved to drop politics, and sold a half 
 interest in the Enquirer to H. H. Robinson. President 
 Polk offered him the Secretaryship of the Treasury, but it 
 was afterwards withdrawn without explanation. It is 
 probable that political enemies within his party, who were 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 displeased with his course as State Auditor, caused the 
 withdrawal. He afterwards refused several diplomatic 
 missions, and embarked in railroad business. He became 
 President of the Madison & Indianapolis Railroad, making 
 the former place- his residence. He was remarkably suc- 
 cessful in his management of that road until 1853, when 
 one of his best friends, Stillman Witt, invited him to go to 
 Cleveland. He accepted the invitation, and was tendered 
 and accepted the position of President of the Bellefontaine 
 line. That road became, under his management, prosper- 
 ous, and took its position as one of the leading lines of the 
 countiy. In 1861 he removed to Cleveland, and managed 
 the road from that city. He was an active and successful 
 railroad promoter for many years, and may be said to have 
 laid the found.ation of the present system which centres at 
 Indianapolis. He was greatly devoted to the railroad de- 
 velopment of the country, and after fifteen years’ retirement 
 from politics it was with reluctance that he returned to 
 them. Nothing but pure love of country moved him. 
 During the first two years of the war he aided the Union 
 cause all that he could in transporting troops promptly over 
 his road, and in every other way in his power. In 1863 
 the Democrats nominated C. L. Vallandigham for Gover- 
 nor, and this it was startled Mr. Brough into political life 
 again. Stillman Witt, his true friend, who was the largest 
 owner of the Bellefontaine Railroad, urged him to go forth 
 in defence of the United States. .So he went to his old 
 home. Marietta, and delivered a powerful speech, declaring 
 .slavery destroyed by act of the reljKtllion, and eloquently 
 urged all men of whatever party to come forward and sup- 
 port the government of the United States. Soon after he 
 had made this speech the Republican State Convention 
 met in Columbus, and John Brough was unanimously 
 nominated for Governor of Ohio. After some hesitation 
 he accepted the nomination. The concluding sentence of 
 his letter of acceptance read as follows : “ I hrfve but one 
 object in accepting the position your constituents have 
 offered me, and that is to aid you and them in sustaining 
 the government in the great work of suppressing this most 
 wicked rebellion and restoring our country to its fonner 
 unity and glory.” His opponent was the nominee of the 
 anti-war and Southern sympathizing element of the Democ- 
 racy. He had been tried and found guilty of inflamma- 
 tory and treasonable acts and utterances, and sent within 
 the rebel lines. He had warm adherents, was a man of 
 magnetic power as a stump speaker, and was looked upon 
 by the anti-war Democrats throughout the country as a 
 martyr to principle. At the time of his nomination he was 
 within the rebel lines, but before the day of election came 
 he had made his way by circuitous route to Canada, where 
 he took notes of the political situation and consulted with 
 his sympathizers. The campaign was between a war 
 Democrat, thoroughly in sympathy with the administration, 
 and an anti-war and pro-slavery Democrat, thoroughly in 
 sympathy with the Southern Confederacy. It was waged 
 
 38 
 
 297 
 
 with bitterness, though the success of the Union candidate 
 was never doubted. The adherents of Vallandigham 
 openly boasted that they would escort him to the State 
 capital with an army of a hundred thousand in the event 
 of his election. But the news of P'ederal victories came to 
 still further strengthen the Union cause, and so inspired 
 were the Union-loving people that men abroad, on busine.ss 
 or pleasure bent, came home to vote. The result of the 
 election astounded the country and raised it to the highest 
 pitch of enthusiasm. It was by far the strongest pledge of 
 devotion the government had yet received from any State, 
 and encouraged the army to renewed efforts for the sal- 
 vation of the Union. The majority on the home vote was 
 61,920, increased by the soldiers’ vote to 101,099. 
 friend, Stillman Witt, generously volunteered to perform 
 the duties of president of the railroad, and insisted that 
 Governor Brough should receive the salary of that office 
 while performing the more important duties of Governor 
 of the .State. From the time of his inauguration he did all 
 in his power for the Union cause, being an intimate per- 
 sonal friend of Mr. Stanton, Secretary of War, and one of 
 President Lincoln’s most trusted advisers. He entered 
 upon his duties, January nth, 1864, and his inaugural ad- 
 dress was the very essence of patriotism and good sense. 
 One of the first acts of his administration was to recom- 
 mend that the tax for the relief of soldiers’ families be 
 largely increased, and when a suitable law was passed he 
 gave earnest attention to its enforcement. He carefully 
 followed up the work so well begun by his predecessors, 
 watching over the interests of the Ohio soldiers in the field. 
 Through his zeal in their behalf he came into conflict with 
 the Sanitary Commission. The Governor was opposed to 
 the bounty system of obtaining recruits, and believed, when 
 all other means failed, in resorting to an impartial draft. 
 He was very vigilant in breaking up the treasonable organi- 
 zation known as the “ Sons of Liberty,” or “ Order of 
 American Knights,” founded for the purpose of armed re- 
 sistance to the authorities, especially in the enforcement of 
 the draft. The draft went forward promptly and peace- 
 ably, and no armed resistance was offered. His zeal in 
 raising troops never flagged, and in the spring of 1864,3! 
 his suggestion, a meeting of the Governors of the .States of 
 Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa and Wisconsin was held in 
 Washington to consider his proposition to raise a sufficient 
 number of men, for a brief term of service, to protect the 
 border from r.aids during Grant’s and Sherman’s final cam- 
 paigns against the now tottering confederacy. A propo- 
 sition was agreed upon and submitted to tbe President, 
 who approved and accepted it. It called for 85,000 men 
 for a hundred days’ term of enlistment, from five of the 
 Western States, Ohio’s quota being 30,000, or 10,000 in 
 excess of any other. Tbe call was made, April 25th, and 
 before ten days had elapsed Ohio had 38,000 men in cam|) 
 and ready for muster. The War Department was amazed 
 at the rapidity of this movement, and the Secretary warmly 
 
298 
 
 BIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 
 
 congratulated the Governor. In one sense this great move- 
 ment was a failure, but it reflected more credit upon the 
 man who conceived it than he has ever received. The war 
 did not end with the term of service of these men, but their 
 patriotism drew forth a warm eulogy in writing from Presi- 
 dent Lincoln. Thus did this patriotic Governor keep the 
 military activity of Ohio far in advance of her sister States. 
 AVhen the war at last closed, he gave great assistance to the 
 government in the mustering out of the Ohio veterans. He 
 was also active in providing a home for disabled soldiers. 
 His zeal in promoting military operations, and the strict ac- 
 countability which he imposed upon subordinates, somewhat 
 impaired his popularity and led to an unfortunate quarrel 
 with officers of the army. He was not an impetuous man, 
 but he was firm in his convictions and never swerved from 
 what he considered to be his duty. He declined to become 
 a candidate for Governor for a second term, on the ground 
 of ill health. His health had really begun to fail. The 
 assassination of Lincoln fretted and wore upon him. In 
 June he was so unfortunate as to sprain his ankle. Not 
 being able to take proper exercise his hand became in- 
 flamed from the impoverished condition of his blood. 
 Gangrene set in, and for weeks he endured the most un- 
 ceasing physical torture. The best medical aid was sent to 
 him from Washington, where he was held in high esteem, 
 and where it was understood he was to be transferred as 
 Secretary of War at the close of his term of Governor, if not 
 before. But he was thoroughly broken down, and no pro- 
 fessional .skill could aid him. Passing into a state of in- 
 sensibility he was never after conscious, and died at his 
 residence in Cleveland, August 29th, 1865, having a little 
 less than one-fourth his term of service yet to fill. Thus 
 passed away one of Ohio’s most patriotic citizens. He had 
 faults, but they are lightly looked upon now, and only his 
 brilliant record as a leading “ War Governor” and sound 
 statesman are preserved in the memory of the people. In 
 1S32 he was married to Achsah P. Prudcn, of Athens, Ohio, 
 who died in 1S3S, at the age of twenty. He again married, 
 in 1843, at Lewistown, Pennsylvania, Caroline A. Nelson, 
 of Columbus, Ohio. Though not a member of any church, 
 he was a Christian. 
 
 ^OOTE, HOR.VCE, I.awyer and Jurist, was born in 
 Hartford county, Connecticut, March 21st, 1799. 
 His father was Roger Foote, a well-known far- 
 mer of that county, and was of English descent, 
 their ancestors being among the first settlers of 
 New England; their descendants were numerous, 
 and eminent in many ways. Horace was educated at Yale 
 College, where he graduated in 1820. He rose to dis- 
 tinction in a class which included such men as Theodore 
 1 ). Woolsey, afterwards president of the college, and 
 Leonard Bacon, D. D., the eminent divine. He took the 
 
 Berkley prize for Latin and Greek. After graduating he 
 entered the office of Seth P. Staples, in New Haven, to 
 study law, remaining there two years. He then went to 
 Middlesex county, Connecticut, where he was admitted to 
 the bar in 1822 and commenced the practice of law, and 
 remained there till 1836, when he removed to Cleveland, 
 Ohio. A charter for the city of Cleveland had just been 
 obtained, and when he arrived a fierce quarrel was raging 
 between the new city of Cleveland and Ohio City, lying on 
 opposite sides of the Cuyahoga river, each struggling to 
 crush out the other. His first important law-suit was con- 
 nected with this quarrel. A bridge across the river had 
 been built by private enterprise and donated for public use. 
 Each city claimed jurisdiction over the structure. Armed 
 men on either side turned out to take possession, a piece 
 of artilleiy being posted on the Cleveland side. A fight 
 ensued, in which several persons were wounded and the 
 bridge was partially destroyed ; the sheriff of the county in- 
 terfered at this point, took possession of the bridge and 
 lodged some of the rioters in jail. This removed the 
 bridge question from the battle-field to the courts, and in 
 the legal controversy that followed Mr. Foote represented 
 the interests of Cleveland against the claims of Ohio City. 
 The able manner in which he conducted the case secured 
 for him a good practice, and so general was the apprecia- 
 tion of his abilities as an expounder of law that in 1853 he 
 was urgently solicited to accept the position of Judge of 
 the Court of Common Pleas. Although the acceptance in- 
 volved a pecuniary sacrifice, the salary at that time being 
 very small, he was induced to conseut, and was elected to 
 that office, and re-elected at the end of eveiy term until 
 1874, when he retired from the bench. One incident in 
 his long term of office excited discussion at the time and 
 evoked opposition to his re-election. In 1867 an act took 
 effect making a consider.able addition to the salaries of the 
 judges, buT applying only to those elected after the passage 
 of the act. Considering it an injustice to the old judges 
 that the new judges should come into office at nearly double 
 the salary, whilst the old should receive only the former 
 meagre stipend, he resigned. There was considerable op- 
 position to his re-election, in consequence of this step, but 
 the majority of the people saw the reasonableness of his 
 position, and he was re-elected. No judge in the State has 
 had a higher reputation for profound knowledge of the 
 law, promptness and accuracy in his rulings, and the justice 
 of his decisions. His integrity has ever been beyond the 
 shadow of a doubt. No personal, social or political bias or 
 prejudice ever swayed his decisions in the slightest degree. 
 He showed unyielding firmness in maintaining the course 
 of justice and upholding the dignity of the courts. He was 
 a terror to evil-doers, and a rigid disciplinarian in matters 
 of practice. His decisions were examples of wisdom, 
 learning and sound law, and were so seldom reversed by 
 the higher courts that they were not often carried up to the 
 Supreme Court. On several occasions he was urged to 
 
LIOGRArillCAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 2og 
 
 accept a nomination to the Supfcme Court, but always de- 
 cidedly refused. In politics, he was originally a Whig, 
 and then a Republican. He was very decided in his 
 views, but took no active part in political movements. Ills 
 opinions on the questions of the war of the rebellion were 
 very positive. lie held that the controversy should be 
 settled by the sword in such a way that it would never re- 
 quire a second fight. In this, as in all other matters, he 
 thoroughly and dispassionately studied the questions at 
 issue, made up his mind as to the right of the case, and was 
 unyielding in his adherence to what he believed to be right. 
 He was married in 1834 to Mary E. Hurd, of Middlesex 
 ‘ county, Connecticut, by whom he had three sons and three 
 daughters. 
 
 ;ERKIN.S, JO.SEPH, Capitalist, was born in War- 
 ren, Trumbull county, Ohio, July 5th, 1819, and 
 is the son of Simon Perkins. He was educated 
 at Marietta College, where he graduated at the 
 age of twenty years. On leaving college he 
 entered his father’s office, and after the death 
 of his father aided in the settlement of the estate until 
 1852, when he removed to Cleveland, and at once identified 
 himself with the business projects and enterprises of the 
 city. When the Bank of Commerce was organized he was 
 elected President, and retained that office until the bank 
 was reorganized as the Second National Bank, when he was 
 again chosen President, and held the office until he re- 
 signed, in 1872. He was actively interested in the affairs 
 of the Cleveland & Mahoning Railroad, which owes its 
 existence mainly to his brother Jacob. He became director 
 of the road, and on the death of Governor Tod was chosen 
 President, a position which he retained until the road was 
 transferred by sale to the Atlantic & Gre.at Western Rail- 
 way Company. He was also for many years closely iden- 
 tified with the management of the Society for Savings, of 
 Cleveland, and as chairman of the building committee of 
 that institution, and also of the building committee of the 
 National Bank building, was the first to propose and secure 
 the erection of the first fire-proof buildings in Cleveland. 
 He served as trustee of the Western Reserve College, at 
 Hudson, for twenty years, taking a prominent part in the 
 management of its affairs. As a member of the Board of 
 State Charities he contributed greatly to its efficiency by the 
 thoroughness with which the work of investigating the con- 
 dition of the prisons and charitable institutions of the State 
 was performed. He devised and urged the adoption of 
 new and improved methods of construction, which were 
 gradually introduced. The Woman’s Retreat was largely 
 indebted to his energy and liberality for its existence and 
 success. Among the enterprises of a public character with 
 which he was identified the Lake View Cemetery was not 
 the least important. '1‘his cemetery, probably the finest in 
 the State, bears testimony, in its beauty and variety, to liis 
 
 taste and judgment, which were displayed in the plans for 
 laying out the grounds. He was for nearly forty year's con- 
 nected with 'the Presbyterian Church, in which he remained 
 an active and influential worker, and he look a deep in- 
 terest in the Sabbath-school work and was for many years a 
 superintendent. In all religious, benevolent and moral 
 enterprises, he took a strong and generally very active 
 interest. He had very positive convictions on the subject 
 of temperance, and manifested his .sympathies during the 
 crusade of 1874 by acting as chairman of the conrmittee 
 under whose counsel the crusade against the liquor traffic 
 was undertaken and conducted. During the late war of 
 the rebellion he contributed liberally to the support of the 
 Union. He was married, October 19th, 1844, to Martha 
 E. Steele, of Marietta, Ohio. Four of the six children by 
 this union are now living (March, 1875). 
 
 OYNTON, HON. WASHINGTON WALLACE, 
 Teacher, Lawyer and Jurist, was born, January 
 27th, 1833, in Russia township, Lorain county, 
 Ohio, and is of both Scotch and English descent ; 
 one of his grandfathers was a noted sea captain, 
 and during ,his lifetime crossed the ocean sixty 
 times ; this was prior to the era of steam navigation. 
 Washington received his education in the common schools, 
 and, realizing the advantages of learning, employed all his 
 leisure moments in study, and at the age of sixteen became 
 a teacher in the district winter school, which he continued 
 to instruct until he attained the age of twenty-two, when he 
 was appointed one of the School Examiners for Lorain 
 county by the Probate Court. He subsequently opened a 
 select school in South Amherst, Ohio, which he taught suc- 
 cessfully for two successive years. Meanwhile he had been 
 reading law, and in 1856 was admitted to the bar by the 
 District Court of Lorain county. He entered upon the 
 practice of his profession in 1858. In the spring following 
 he was appointed Prosecuting Attorney, to fill a vacancy in 
 that office, and in the autumn of the same year was elected 
 to the same position, which he held for two terms and then 
 resigned. In the fall of 1865 he was elected to the lower 
 House of the State Legislature, and served during two 
 winters. He was the member who introduced an amend- 
 ment to .strike out the word “white” from the State Con- 
 stitution. This was voted upon in the autumn of 1867, and 
 defeated by 40,000 majority. He continued in the practice 
 of the law until 1869, when he was ap]3ointed, in February 
 of that year, by Governor Hayes, Judge of the Court of 
 Common Pleas, to fill a vacancy, and in 1871 was elected 
 to the same position, which he still retains. The Rc]iubli- 
 can party was organized during the same year in which he 
 attained his m.ajority ; he voted that ticket from the very 
 first, was at once recognized as one of the leaders of that 
 party, and at various times has made appeals in its behalf. 
 
;oo 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP-EDIA. 
 
 lie is one of the Directors of the Citizens’ Savings Bank 
 of Elyria, ami also a charter-member of the Citizens’ Mutual 
 Relief Association of Wellington. He is highly esteemed 
 by all who know him as an upright citizen, possessed of 
 bright intellectual faculties, and an impartial Judge. His 
 address is pleasing, and in personal appearance command- 
 ing. He was married in 1859 to B. P'. Terrell, of Ridge- 
 ville, Ohio. 
 
 ' " RIFFITII, WILSON W., President of the Mer- 
 chants’ National Bank, Toledo, ex-member of the 
 Legislature, Centennial Commissioner on the part 
 of the State of Ohio, was born in Tuscarawas 
 county, Ohio, February 14th, 1823. His grand- 
 parents on his father’s side were Virginia slave- 
 holders, but manumitted their slaves at an early day — about 
 the year 1803. On the maternal .side (Jenning.^) his grand- 
 parents were of the Friends or Quaker faith. His parents 
 moved to Tuscarawas county, Ohio, about the year 1806; 
 at that time there were but three or four families in the 
 county. He was raised on a farm until fifteen years of age. 
 P'rom fifteen to twenty-three his time was for the most part 
 spent in teaching, clerking and securing an education. He 
 commenced his studies at Oberlin with reference to a col- 
 legiate and professional career, but ill health prevented him 
 from carrying out his intentions. From 1845 *849 
 
 was merchandising at the Falls of .Sugar creek, in his native 
 county. In the latter year he removed to Elkhart county, In- 
 diana, and continued the same business until 1854, when he 
 located at Toledo, where he has since resided. Then it 
 was a village of a few thousand inhabitants, now it is the 
 third city in Ohio in point of population, business and wealth. 
 After removing thither, Mr. Griffith spent eight years in the 
 forwarding, commission and elevator business, and four 
 years in the wholesale boot and shoe trade, during this time 
 amassing a goodly share of this world’s goods. At the ex- 
 piration of this period he retired from active business life, 
 and visited Plurope, Asia and Africa. Returning, he spent 
 one year on the Pacific coast. His first appearance in public 
 station was when he was elected a member of the 59th 
 General Assembly. During his official career there was no 
 member of the House more popular, nor one who had more 
 inlluence in the council than he. W'hile there he served as 
 Chairman of the Interest Committee, and his ablest speech 
 was made in favor of his bill to more effectually regulate our 
 usury system. This speech was printed in the leading 
 papers, eliciting congratulatory letters from leading financial 
 and business men all over the State, who approved of the 
 provisions of the bill. He is also the author of the noted 
 “ Griffith railroad bill,” allowing cities, villages and counties 
 to build, equip and run»railroads. During this session he 
 drew up and engineered through a series of resolutions ex- 
 posing the bad faith in which the State of Indiana had acted 
 toward Ohio in maintaining and keeping up the Wabash & 
 
 j Erie Canal (extending from Terre Haute to Defiance), built 
 in 1827 by a grant of public land from the government. The 
 adoption of the resolutions created a great financial sensa- 
 tion, millions of dollars being involved, and gave Mr. Griffith, 
 through the untiring industry displayed by him, a national 
 j reputation. He also got through the Legislature a bill creat- 
 ing an additional Common Pleas Judge in his judicial dis- 
 trict. Casting his first vote for “ Harry of the West,” he 
 was a life-long Mhig until Whiggery was swallowed up by 
 the Republican party. Since the close of his legislative 
 career he has been President of the Merchants’ National 
 Bank of Toledo. It was measurably by his efforts that this 
 institution was started in 1871, with a capital of ^(300, 000, 
 increased to $500,000 the following year. It was also 
 largely by his influence and capital that the Milburn Wagon 
 Works were removed in 1873 from Mishawaka, Indiana, to 
 this city, with a paid-up capital of $600,000. In 1871 he 
 was nominated by Governor Hayes as one of the two Com- 
 missioners of the State for the Centennial Celebration, and 
 was appointed to that position by President Grant. This 
 post he has since held in connection with his colleague, Hon. 
 A. T. Goshorn, Director-General of the Exhibition. In per- 
 j sonal appearance he is of medium stature, delicately framed, 
 but he is capable of enduring a great amount of labor. His 
 head is well formed, his hair and whiskers dark; he has an 
 ample forehead and genial expression. He is a gentleman 
 of fine social tpialities and is widely esteemed. He was 
 married, July 4th, 1844, to Margaret M. Miller, of Summit 
 county, Ohio. 
 
 :\CON, NORMAL B., Architect, was born, No- 
 vember 1st, 1837, in Hamilton, Madison county, 
 State of New York, of American parents and of 
 English ancestry. He obtained his education at 
 the academy in his native town, and after leaving 
 school became a teacher for one season. He 
 subsequently entered the studio of A. J. Purdy, the well- 
 known portrait painter of Ithaca, New York, but was com- 
 pelled to abandon this pursuit after one year on account of 
 weak eyes. At the early age of thirteen years he had com- 
 menced to learn the carpenter’s trade, and continued the 
 same at various intervals for nine years. After relinquish- 
 ing the idea of becoming an artist, he engaged in mechanical 
 pursuits, including drawing, for seven years, and finally de- 
 voted his exclusive attention to the study of architecture. 
 He passed nearly five years with A. J. Lathrop, of Utica, 
 New York, the celebrated architect and builder, and latterly 
 was a resident of Boston, Massachusetts, from which city he 
 removed in April, 1873, to Toledo, Ohio, and has now at- 
 tained an extensive and increasing patronage in that city. 
 His progress in his profession has been marked by the en- 
 couragement he has received from leading citizens, and 
 which is due to his practical, mechanical and artistic acquire- 
 ments. During the time devoted to the study of his pro- 
 
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 I 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 301 
 
 fessi )n he was in part the designer of many buildings and 
 blocks in the East, including residences, court houses, 
 churches, etc., in central New York. He has also been 
 identified in the design and construction of many costly 
 dwelling-houses and business structures in Toledo, among 
 which may be named the elegant Wallbridge & Hunker 
 building, on Summit street, and the fine residences of Hon. 
 R. Mott, Adam Burgerl and L. S. Baumgardner, also of 
 Toledo, all of which are among the most costly family resi- 
 dences in the city. In political matters he acts with the 
 Republican party. He was married, September iSth, 1S73, 
 to M. Louise Cleveland, of Holland Patent, New York. 
 
 '^'^'OBLE, DAYID, M. D., Physician and Surgeon, 
 was born, August l6th, 1820, in the county of 
 Donegal, Ireland, and is the son of David and 
 Mary A. (Hamilton) Noble. His parents were of 
 Scotch extraction, and his paternal ancestors being 
 of the Seceders’ faith, noted for their piety, and 
 for their desire of educating some member of the different 
 branches of the family in each generation for the gospel 
 ministry. His mother’s family were descended from that 
 General Hamilton who behaved with great gallantry during 
 the siege of Londondeny in the war of 1688, and so nobly 
 defended that city against the rebel forces. He received a 
 classical education in Ramelton, near his birthplace, and 
 when eighteen years of age emigrated to the United States 
 and located in ( 3 hio. He soon presented himself before a 
 Board of School Examiners, and from them received a cer- 
 tificate of competence, which authorized him to teach in any 
 of the common schools of Adams county for two years. He 
 shortly after this engaged to teach in one of the rural dis- 
 tricts for six months, at a salary of twenty-five dollars per 
 month ; but on account of his youth, or a lack of disciplinary 
 power, or both combined, he was obliged to relinquish the 
 position at the expiration of three months. He then re- 
 moved to an adjoining county (Highland), where he taught 
 with great acce[)tance to the directors and people for several 
 terms, receiving a higher compensation than his contempo- 
 r.aries. Having become, however, dissatisfied with teaching, 
 and being qualified through the superior education he had 
 acquired in Ireland, he resolved upon the studv of medicine 
 and with that end in view placed himself under the precep- 
 torship of that justly celebrated physician. Dr. P. J. Buck- 
 ner, of Georgetown, Ohio. In 1846, during his attendance 
 on the lectures in course of delivery at the Medical College 
 of Ohio, he was appointed Attending Physiciap to the Hotel 
 for Invalids, on Broadw'ay, Cincinnati, then under the con- 
 trol and management of those eminent men in their profes- 
 sion, Drs. Taliaferro and .Marshall. After attending one 
 coume of lectures, his funds being all exhausted, and having 
 no friends or relatives on whom he could rely for pecuniary 
 aid, he was compelled to defer obtaining his diploma until 
 
 1855, when he complied with the regulations, taking his 
 final course of lectures at Starling Medical College, where 
 he received his degree of Doctor of Medicine.. At the com- 
 mencement of the late civil war, the enlistments in his neigh- 
 borhood being few and but little zeal manifested by the 
 people to aid the government in its struggle for existen'ce, 
 his patriotism prompted him to enlist as a private in a volun- 
 teer company raised for border defence, and the regiment 
 being disbanded, he made application for the position of 
 Surgeon in the United States service. Having passed a 
 successful examination, he was assigned for duty as the First 
 Surgeon of the 60th Regiment of Ohio Volunteers. He 
 then abandoned a very extensive and lucrative practice of 
 medicine and surgery in Sugar Tree Ridge, Ohio, in which 
 he had been engaged since 1847. He joined his regiment 
 at Gallipolis, and was assigned to duty as Post Surgeon at 
 that city. During his stay there he was forcibly impressed 
 with the condition of the large numbers of u ounded and 
 sick soldiers, who were passing down the Ohio river on 
 steamers bound to Cincinnati, to be transported thence by 
 railway to Camp Dennison ; and he addressed a letter to the 
 authorities at Washington, and also another to Governor 
 Tod of Ohio, fully demonstrating the necessity of estab- 
 lishing hospitals at Gallipolis, near the scene of operations 
 of the army in West Virginia, thus adding to the comfort 
 and perhaps saving the lives of the brave Union soldiers, 
 which might be lost owing to the great distance between the 
 battle fields and the then point where the hospitals were in 
 operation. But he was destined to disappointment in not 
 being able to have his favorite project carried out under his 
 immediate supervision, for although he received orders from 
 the War Department at Washington to have three hospital 
 buildings erected at Gallipolis, he had just two hours before 
 these orders reached him by telegraph also received a tele- 
 gram from the Colonel of the 60th Regiment, ordering him 
 to report at New' Creek, Virginia, on the line of the Balti- 
 more & Ohio Railroad, as the Assistant .Surgeon of the regi- 
 ment had resigned. He at once joined his regiment, then 
 on its march to reinforce the troops under Generals Sclienck 
 and Milroy, at P’ranklin, they having been driven back from 
 McDowell, Virginia, by the Confederate forces under Gen- 
 eral “Stonewall” Jackson. He was then detached from 
 the 60th Ohio Regiment, and appointed by General P'remont 
 a member of the Board of Medical Examiners for the Moun- 
 tain Department, and by them chosen as their President, 
 which position he held until General Fremont was super- 
 seded by General Pope. He was then appointed Acting 
 Brigade .Surgeon under General Piatt, and subsequently 
 Acting Medical Director under General White, and was 
 present at the skirmish at Currentown, and the night attack 
 of the Union forces, under command of General Cluscret, 
 on the troops of the Confederate General Jackson at Stras- 
 burg, Virginia. I le was also at the battles of Cross Keys 
 and Port Republic, and the engagement and surrender at 
 Harper’s P'erry. Here he was paroled, and repairing to 
 
302 
 
 EIOGRAPIIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 Chicago was honorably discharged with the regiment, it 
 having enlisted for only one year. In 1863 he was ap- 
 pointed Surgeon of the Hoard of Enrolment for the Sixth 
 Congressional District of Ohio, and held that position until 
 the close of the war. In 1S65 he resumed the practice of 
 medicine and surgery in the town of Hillsborough, Ohio, 
 and was appointed Medical Examiner of Pensions. In 1872 
 he assisted in the organization of the Citizens’ National 
 Bank, and was elected one of its Directors. He also took 
 an active part in organizing the Hillsborough Budding and 
 Savings Association, with a capital of $300,000, and was 
 elected its President. He was also one of the corporators 
 of the Hillsborough Gas Light Company, which is now in 
 successful operation. He is a member of the Ohio State 
 Medical Society, and at one time was one of its Vice-Presi- 
 dents. In all his varied and useful life he has maintained a 
 character for honesty and integrity, and is a striking ex- 
 ample of what can be accomplished by industry, energy and 
 perseverance. He is emphatically a self-made man, having 
 arisen from a comparative state of obscurity and limited 
 means to wealth and influence in society. 
 
 (gYlYl^ ORTHINGTON, JOHN, Stonecutter, Quarryman 
 and Contractor, was born at Whitley Rocks, 
 Staffordshire, England, and was educated at 
 Cheddleton, near Stoke, where he attended school 
 until he was eleven years of age, and was then 
 apprenticed to learn the stonecutter’s trade. He 
 followeil this calling in England, and was engaged on the 
 new Houses of Parliament in London until the “ great stone- 
 cutters’ strike” occurred, when he resolved to emigrate to 
 America. At this time he was about nineteen years old. 
 He landed in New York city, the possessor of about ten 
 dollars and a small outfit of clothing. Having the chance 
 of working his passage to Buffalo on a canal-boat, he ac- 
 cepted it, and after reaching that city he started on foot to 
 Toronto, Canada, and where he found employment at his 
 trade, working by the day. During the winter of 1842 he 
 walked from Toronto to Kingston, Canada, a distance of 
 I So miles, and secured the position of foreman under the 
 Messrs. Milner, they having the contract for building the 
 City Hall in that place. In 1845 he accepted a position as 
 foreman stonecutter for James Ritchie, at Toronto, which he 
 held for a number of years. In 1851 he commenced busi- 
 ness on his own account as contractor, and began buying 
 stone from Henry Warner, owner of the Brownhelm Quar- 
 ries. After having great trouble in getting stone fast enough 
 from Warner, and becoming satisfied the quarries were ex- 
 haustless and that they would prove a source of wealth, he 
 purchased them in 1855. He succeeded in obtaining many 
 contracts for the erection of various public works : amonr 
 them may be named the Lbiiversity of Toronto; Brock’s 
 Monument, at Queenstown Heights, Ontario; Union Depot, 
 
 at Cleveland; the Ashtabula & Jamestown Railroad, and 
 the Southern Central Railroad, in the State of New York. 
 His career as a contractor was marked with success, and he 
 realized handsomely on all that he undertook. He was a 
 Director of the Dominion Bank of Canada for a number of 
 years ; also Vice-President of the Western Canada Loan and 
 Savings Society ; Chairman of the Water Works Commis- 
 sion, and held many other public trusts. He was married, 
 November 25th, 1S44, to Mary Welbourne, who with six 
 children survive him. He died in Toronto, Canada, De- 
 cember 25th, 1873, leaving a large estate. 
 
 ORTHINGTON, JAMES M., Manager of the 
 Worthington Quarries, is the ^dest son of the 
 late John Worthington, and was born, November 
 25th, 1845, at Toronto, Canada, where also he 
 received his education in the Upper Canada Col- 
 lege. After leaving school he worked at the 
 carpenter trade for two years, and then removed .to Amherst, 
 Ohio, in 1863, where he took charge of the Worthington 
 Quarries as business manager. At that period these quarries 
 were, comparatively speaking, in a very undeveloped con- 
 dition. He subsequently entered into a partnership with 
 his father, but retaining his position as head of the firm, his 
 father not being an active partner. The business prospered 
 greatly, and by his careful management they soon became 
 the foremost operators of sandstone quarries in the United 
 Stat*;s. The present company are the owner's of the exten- 
 sive stone quarries in Brownhelm, one of the lai'gest quarries 
 in Amherst, and also large quarries on the shore of Lake 
 Huron, at Grindstone City, Michigan, wher'e they employ 
 about 300 hands, and their productions average about half 
 a million dollar's per annum. James Worthington has al- 
 ways adhered to the tenets of the Republican party, and 
 takes a great interest in the success of its principles in his 
 adopted country. He was nrarried, 1865, to Helen D. 
 Watterman, of Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 EAVER, WALTER L., Lawyer, was born in Mont- 
 gomery county, Ohio, April ist, 1851, being the 
 son of Rev. John S. and Anranda (Hut'in) Weaver, 
 the former of whom, a clergyman of the I’resby- 
 terian Church, was a native of Philadelphia. His 
 n'lother was a native of Wart'en county, Ohio, and 
 her father was one of the pioneer settlers of that State. Mr. 
 Weaver was educated at Wittenberg, arrd graduated in the 
 class of 1870, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Ar'ts. 
 Subsequently the degree of Master of Arts was conferred in 
 course. He read law with General Keifer, and by diligent 
 and careful study thoroughly prepared himself for profes- 
 sional labors. He was admitted to the bar on March 28th, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 303 
 
 1S72, and at once entered upon practice under auspices of 
 the most flattering character. In 1874 lie was elected Prose- 
 cuting Attorney on the Republican ticket, and discharged 
 the duties of his office with great ability. He has a good 
 practice, and is gradually winning his way to a leading 
 position in the profession. He is an influential Republican, 
 and has for some time been a member of the Republican 
 Gountv Committee, of which in 1S75 Chairman. 
 
 jMr. Weaver is a young man with a bright future in prospect. 
 
 ELSOX, THOMA.S LOTHROP, Merchant and 
 President of the Savings Deposit Bank, Elyria, 
 Lorain county, Ohio, was born in Lyme, Grafton 
 county. New Hampshire, January iith, 1823. 
 He attended school only at the district common 
 school and a short time at Thatford Academy ; 
 beyond the humble knowledge thus gained his acquisitions 
 are all his own. Eor two years after leaving school he 
 found employment in a store in his native town. About the 
 age of twenty-one he left Lyme, and with all his scanty 
 wardrobe in the small compass he could carry in his hand, 
 turned his face towards the setting sun, and arrived in 
 Oberlin, Ohio, with a capital of only one dollar. Relin- 
 quishing his original idea of studying at the college, he 
 pushed his way in another direction. Travelling a long 
 distance on foot he at length found himself weary, footsore 
 and despondent in Mansfield, Ohio. He remained here .six 
 months. Providence next led his steps to Elyria, I.orain 
 county, Ohio. In this place he began a career of success 
 and influence, by entering the store of S. W. Baldwin & Co. 
 as clerk. By the most stringent economy and self-denial, 
 he saved h's earnings, and after the lapse of five years, Mr. 
 Baldwin, the senior partner, retiring, he formed a partner- 
 ship with Starr Brothers & Co., which continued for six 
 years, doing a successful business. Then a new company 
 was formed, under the firm-name of Baldwin, Laundon & 
 Nelson, and prosecuted this business until 1872. Thus 
 constituted, the firm of B.aldwin, Laundon & Nelson, and 
 their branch store at Wellington, Ohio, have done the largest 
 business of general retail merchandising in Lorain county, 
 amounting some years to $350,000 per annum. In 1872 he 
 established, in connection with others, the Savings Deposit 
 Bank of Elyria, of which he is now President. He is ever 
 in close sympathy with all that is noble and just, and is a 
 stanch friend of education. For many years he has been 
 1 lesident of the Board of Education of Elyria, and is one 
 of the Trustees of Oberlin College. For one year he offici- 
 ated as Mayor of Elyria; other positions he has invariably 
 declined. His first vote was cast in connection with the 
 Whig party, and since that time he has been successively a 
 member of the Tdberty and Republican parties. The sulrject 
 of this sketch is not only a man of remarkable energy and 
 business skill, as his victory over the toils and perils of 
 
 business life would indicate, but be is possessed of a strength 
 and sagacity of mind which give to him a kind and degree 
 of influence quite wonderful. In the prime of life, he has 
 developed a character, rendering it but justice to say he 
 fills in a high degree that greatest title — a Christian gentle- 
 man. He is genial and benevolent to all ; generous to all 
 calls charity has upon him, and his life is a perennial sun- 
 beam of geniality, casting its cheerful influence on all about 
 him. Cultivated taste and unaffected piety have ever made 
 his home a model of happy and refined domestic life. 
 
 ^OLT, PARLEY CURTIS, Teacher, Bookseller and 
 Publisher, was born, February 2Sth, 1S19, at 
 Derby, Orleans county, Vermont, and received 
 his primary education in the common schools and 
 at the Derby Seminary. He was left an orphan at 
 the early age of eight years. After acquiring his 
 education he taught school for a considerable period in New 
 England, and then removed to Ohio in 1S43, " here he con- 
 tinued to teach, and travelled for eight years in the book 
 business. In his thirty-third year he commenced dealing 
 in books in Maumee City, Lucas county, on his own ac- 
 count, and still continues in that calling. In May, 1873, *^6 
 added to his business the publication of the Mauwee Ad- 
 vertiser. He was formerly a member of tlie Whig party, 
 but since it has ceased to exist has been a firm and consistent 
 Republican. He was appointed Postmaster of Maumee City 
 by President Lincoln, and held that position above eight 
 years. He has been connected with the City Council for 
 fourteen years, and during four years of that period served 
 as President. He was also a Director of the Infirmary for 
 three years. By his genial and manly deportment he has 
 won the esteem of all with whom he has come in contact. 
 He was married in October, 1851, to Charlotte Drummond, 
 who died in May, 1857. He was a .second time united in 
 marriage, in July, 1S58, to Miss Post, of Maumee City. 
 
 I ANIELS, THOMA.S, Pharmaceutist and Inventor, 
 was Ixrrn, March 21st, 1823, in Abergavenny, 
 Monmouthshire, W'ales, and when seven years 
 old came with his parents to the United Slates, 
 residing for several years in the vicinity of Canan- 
 daigua, New York State, where he received his 
 education both in the common and select schools of that 
 vicinity. The family removed to Toledo, Ohio, in 1837, 
 and in the spring of 1838 he became an apprentice to the 
 drug business, wherein he continued about six years, when 
 he commenced on his own account in a small way, his only 
 cajiital being his savings during his clerkship and his in- 
 dustry. By dint of close application to his vocation he has 
 been reasonably successful. He was among the first to 
 
304 
 
 BIOGRAnilCAL ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 improve soda-water apparatus, and constructed a novel and 
 complete method of drawing the beverage with great rapidity, 
 it at the same time being of extreme frigidity, hie obtained 
 two patents upon the apparatus, which in fact cover all the 
 principles involved in the elegant fountains now in general 
 use. At an early day he was an active member of the Toledo 
 literary societies, frequently taking part in debates and lec- 
 tures, and for some time was President of the Young Men’s 
 Association, which at a later period was merged in the To- 
 ledo Library Association. His political creed was first that of 
 the Whigs, with wdiich he was affiliated until ils dissolution, 
 since which time he has taken a deep interest in the princi- 
 ples and the success of the Ixepublican party. He was 
 married at Hudson, Ohio, January 1st, 1S50, to Mary, daugh- 
 ter of John B. Clark, of that city. 
 
 I OOD, REUBEN, ex-Governor of Ohio, was born in 
 Middletown, Rutland county, Vermont, in 1792. 
 His father was a clergyman and chaplain in the 
 revolutionary army. He obtained a good Eng- 
 glish and classical education in Upper Canada and 
 then commenced the study of law. Hon. Mar- 
 sha! S. Bidwell, of New York, was one of his classmates. 
 In i 8 i 2 he was drafted by the Canadian authorities to serve 
 in the war against the United Slates. He was determined 
 not to fight against his native country, and one stormy night 
 escaped, accompanied by Bill Johnson, afterward an Amer- 
 ican spy, and known in the patriot war of 1839 as the 
 “ Hero of the Thousand Isles.” They took a birch-bark 
 canoe and attempted to cross I.ake Ontario. A gale of 
 wind swept the lake, and the rain fell in torrents. Pitch 
 darkness enveloped them. They were in great danger of 
 drowning when they took refuge on a small island where 
 they were confined by the ^torm for three days. Their suf- 
 fering for food and from exposure was very great. At last, 
 in a most dejdorable condition, they reached Sackett’s 
 Harbor, on the New York shore of the lake. As they en- 
 tered the harbor in their frail canoe, tiiey were arrested as 
 spies by the patrol boats of the American fleet. I'or four 
 days they were held as captives on board of one of the 
 ships. An uncle of Mr. Wood, hearing of his arrest, gave 
 assurance of the patriotism of the two young men, and se- 
 cured their release. Reuben Wood went to Woodville, 
 New York, where his family had gone, and raised a com- 
 pany, of which he was chosen Captain. As his company 
 was marching to repel a threatened invasion on the northern 
 frontier, the battle of Lake Champlain was fought and the 
 British defeated. The volunteers then returned to Wood- 
 ville and were disbanded. Mr. Wood then entered the law 
 office of General Jonas Clark, of Mid<lletown, Vermont. In 
 1818, two years after his marriage, he emigrated to Cleve- 
 land, Ohio, where he found only a small village. The 
 clearing opened upon the bank of Cuyahoga river scarcely 
 
 encroached upon the boundless forest. It was necessary for 
 him to apply to the Supreme Court, then in session at 
 Ravenna, for authority to practise in the courts of Ohio. 
 He was so poor that he made the journey on foot. His 
 wife and infant daughter soon joined him at Cleveland, 
 taking the steamer “ Walk-in-the-Water,” from Buffalo. 
 This steamer was the -first on Lake Erie. When he thus 
 finally took up his residence in Ohio, his worldly possessions 
 consisted of his wife, his daughter, and a silver quarter of a 
 dollar. In 1825 he w'as elected to the Senate of Ohio, and 
 continued in the Senate six years. Soon after he w'as 
 appointed Presiding Judge of the Court of Common Pleas 
 of his district, and was subsequently promoted to the bench 
 of the Supreme Court, and served as Chief-Justice the 
 Latter portion of the time. In all he served on the bench 
 of the Supreme Court fourteen years. In all the various 
 offices he filled so acceptably, the breath of suspicion never 
 touched him. Even the heat of party strife, where so much 
 injustice is practised, never left a blot upon his character. 
 His tall, erect form and commanding mien won for him the 
 title of the “Old Cuyahoga Chief.” In October, 1850, he 
 was nominated for Governor by the Democratic party, and 
 though the dominant party had been Whig for a number of 
 years, he was elected by a majority of 11,000. The canvass 
 was very spirited, but not a line of abuse or any blemish on 
 his private character was ever hinted at by any paper in 
 the State. His personal friends were numerous among the 
 Whigs, and they voted for him. The Fugitive Slave Law 
 had filled the country with bitterness, and Governor Wood 
 in his inaugural expressed his abhorrence of slavery, while 
 at the same time he counselled obedience to law. “ I must 
 not,” he wrote, “by any means be understood as attempting 
 to defend the propriety and expediency of the law. It is 
 unacceptable to a very large majority of the people of the 
 North. It has crowded Northern feeling to its utmost ten- 
 sion. Public disapprobation wdll continue to hamper its 
 execution and agitate its early repeal. But wdth all these 
 objections to the propriety of law, violence is not to be 
 thought of for a moment. There is a constitutional and 
 legal remedy, which will not overthrow that stalely edifice 
 of freedom erected by our ancestors on the ruins of colonial 
 oppression, and which has hitherto been fully protected by 
 the majesty and supremacy of law. The remedy is amend- 
 ment or repeal.” During his administration Ohio was very 
 prosperous, and it was universally admitted that the guber- 
 natorial chair had never been more worthily filled. The 
 new State Constitution went into effect in March, 1851, thus 
 vacating the office of governor. He was renominated by the 
 Democratic party, and re-elected by a majority of 26,000. 
 At the assembling of the great Democratic Convention at 
 Baltimore in 1852, to nominate a candidate for the Presi- 
 dency, the division in the party was such that forty or fifty 
 unavailing ballots were taken. The Virginia delegation 
 then offered to give its entire vote to Governor Wood, if 
 Ohio would bring him forward. The hostility of one man 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 305 
 
 prevented this arrangement. The same offer was then ac- 
 cepted by the New Hampshire delegation, and Franklin 
 Pierce was nominated. In 1854 he accepted the office of 
 Consul at Valparaiso, South America, then .said to be one of 
 the richest in the gift of the government. In resigning 
 the chair of chief executive, he addressed an affectionate let- 
 ter of farewell to the people of Ohio, and thousands regretted 
 his departure. Not finding the office as remunerative as he 
 expected, he resigned, and soon returned to his native land. 
 For a short time he resumed the practice of law, and then 
 devoted the remainder of his life to the cultivation of his 
 beautiful farm, called “ Evergreen Place,” about eight 
 miles west of Cleveland. It was a charming home, which 
 he had spent many years in adorning, and which was ren- 
 dered doubly attractive by his generous and true hospitality. 
 He was a strong Union man, and supported with all his 
 powers the efforts of the government in the war of the re- 
 bellion. Although he was more than seventy years of age, 
 he had accepted an invitation to preside at a Union meet- 
 ing to be held in Cleveland, October 5th, 1864. The 
 Thursday previous he visited the city, and returning home 
 that night, he was the next morning violently attacked with 
 bilious colic. For thirty-six hours he suffered great pain, 
 but retained entire consciousness. At three o’clock, Satur- 
 day afternoon, October 1st, 1864, he died, surrounded by 
 his family. His remains were buried in Woodland Ceme- 
 tery, Cleveland. He left a widow and one daughter. Ilis 
 grandson. Noble H. Merwin, is the only male representative 
 of the Wood family now living. His residence is in Cleve- 
 land. 
 
 .\LV, IION. J.AMES G., Lawyer and Judge of 
 Probate, was born, December 6th, 1816, near 
 Millersburg, Holmes county, Ohio, and was reared 
 to manhood on a farm, attending the district 
 school during the winter season, until he was 
 twenty years of age. In August, 1837, he went 
 to Napoleon, in Henry county, and shortly afterwards com- 
 menced the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1840. He subsequently commenced the practice of his 
 profession in Napoleon, and was a member of the State 
 Legislature in 1842 and 1843, being the first Assembly 
 under the new Constitution; this was previous to the build- 
 ing of the Erie and Wabash Canal. He filled the office of 
 Prosecuting Attorney from 1840 to 1845, was County 
 Auditor from the latter year until 1849. He continued a 
 resident of Napoleon and a practitioner of law until 1869, 
 when he was elected Judge of Probate, which position he 
 still continues to hold. During the war of the rebellion he 
 recruited a company for the 68th Regiment Ohio Volunteer 
 Infantry, and was tendered the captaincy of the same, but on 
 account of ill health declined the appointment. He was 
 thereupon commissioned Quartermaster of the regiment by 
 the Governor, and served in that capacity in Tennessee 
 39 
 
 and Mississippi during a portion of 1861-62, being absent 
 about one year. He is the earliest settler of Henry county, 
 with one or two exceptions, now living. His political creed 
 has always been that of the Democratic party. He was 
 married, August 12th, 1845, Mary A. Conkling. 
 
 ARCLAY, HON. JOSEPH, Member of the lower 
 House of Representatives of Ohio, was born in 
 Poland township, Mahoning county, Ohio, Febru- 
 ary lith, 1816. He was educated primarily in 
 his native place, and after the attainment of his 
 nineteenth year he pursued his studies in Youngs- 
 town, in the same State. He was there employed subse- 
 quently in the construction of the Pennsylvania and Ohio 
 Canal, and also in mercantile pursuits. During the absence 
 of the late Governor Tod in Brazil, he acted as the principal 
 accountant of that officer, and was also, at a later period. 
 County Surveyor for two years. From 1871 to 1873 he was 
 the Treasurer of his county, and within two years after the 
 expiration of his term, in 1875, was elected by the Demo- 
 crats of his district to the lower House of Representatives. 
 He was married in 1838 to Miss Crandall, of New York 
 State. 
 
 PUTNEY, LUTHER, Architect and Builder, was 
 born, April 8th, 1817, in Fairfield county. New 
 York, and is the son of Luther Whitney, a soldier 
 of the war of 1812, who died when his son was 
 in his fifth year. In 1832 he and his mother re- 
 moved to Ohio, where she is still living and active, 
 though in her ninety-ninth year, having been born December 
 27th, 1777. Pie received a common school education in the 
 State of New York and in Cleveland, and subsequently 
 served an apprenticeship with a carpenter and joiner in the 
 same city, working thereafter as a journeyman until 1836. 
 He next obtained a situation as an artisan on the public 
 works of the .State of Ohio, and in 1S40 removed to Chilli- 
 cothe, where he commenced business on his own account as 
 contractor and builder, continuing the same until 1851. 
 He next removed to Cleveland with a view of pursuing the 
 same business in that city. In that year he was employed 
 by the Michigan Southern & Northern Indiana Railroad 
 Company, whose line was then in course of construction, as 
 Architect and Superintendent of buildings then being erected 
 by the said company between Hudson and Chicago. After 
 this work was well under way, heavy operations commenced 
 at Toledo, as a new railroad depot and other buildings were 
 contemplated there, and it became necessary for him to re- 
 move his family to that city, which he did in 1855. After 
 the completion of the various structures that were erected, 
 he resumed his business of builder and contractor, in which 
 he continues at the present date, having erected many of the 
 principal business blocks in Toledo, beside several large 
 
3o6 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 elevators in Cincinnati and elsewhere. lie has attained his 
 present eminence as a builder purely by his own industry, 
 energy and skill, having labored incessantly at his vocation 
 since he was si.xteen years of age. In 1867 he was elected 
 a Councilman from the Second Ward of Toledo, and twice 
 thereafter was re-elected, serving the city in that capacity for 
 six years; of which body he was chosen Vice-President for 
 two years, and President for one year. He was married in 
 1S36 to Louisa A. Wood, who died in 1855. In 1858 he 
 was united in marriage to Elizabeth J. Cain. 
 
 HEFFIELD, WILLIAM, Lawyer and Banker, 
 was born, November 19th, 1817, in Geauga 
 county, Ohio, of American parentage of English 
 descent. He was educated at Oberlin, and im- 
 mediately after leaving the seminary commenced 
 studying law with his father, and was admitted to 
 the bar in Huron county in 1838. He began the practice 
 of his profession at Huron, in Erie county, where he re- 
 mained until the spring of 1841, when he removed to Napo- 
 leon, Henry county, being engaged in the courts of that and 
 the northwestern counties of the State. In 1849 
 appointed Receiver of Public Moneys at the United States 
 Land Office, Defiance, Ohio, and removed to that place, 
 but only held his post for a year, owing to a change in the 
 political atmosphere. He remained at Defiance until 1862, 
 and was only nominally but not actively engaged in the 
 practice of law until 1856, not pursuing any active business 
 from 1853 until 1862. He went to Napoleon in the latter 
 year, and commenced the banking business there in 1865, 
 being associated with J. D. Norton, under the firm-name of 
 Sheffield & Norton, in which he is still engaged. He is a 
 Director of the Mansfield & Cold Water Railroad Company. 
 In politics he was a Whig, and since that party ceased, has 
 been an active and zealous Republican. In 1864 he was 
 one of the electors — representing the Tenth Congressional 
 District of Ohio — which cast the vote of that State for 
 Abrahan> Lincoln ; and he was selected by the electoral 
 college as messenger, to carry the formal result to Washing- 
 ton City. He was married in 1840 to Hilda Harrington, of 
 Erie county, Ohio. 
 
 
 "OLDHAM, JAMES, M. D., Physician and Surgeon, 
 was born, March 4th, 1830, at Suettisham, county 
 of Norfolk, England, and is a son of the Rev. 
 John Coldham, a clergyman of the Established 
 Church, still living in the village of Suettisham, 
 at the advanced age of eighty-seven years, and in 
 good health. James remained at home and attended 
 school until he was seventeen years of age, and then left 
 England for Canada. He located at Simcoe, Ontario, where 
 he commenced reading medicine with Dr. Coverton, in 1847. 
 He subsequently went to Boston, and entered Harvard 
 
 College medical department, where he graduated in 1850. 
 He then returned to Simcoe, where he commenced the 
 practice of his profession. The following year, immedi- 
 ately after his marriage, he removed to Houston, Texas, 
 but, not being pleased with the change, remained in that 
 town but six months, when he returned to the North. It 
 was in the autumn of 1851 when he took up his abode in 
 Toledo, Ohio, where he has ever since resided, actively en- 
 gaged in the practice of medicine, which is very large and 
 lucrative — perhaps the largest in the city. He is also Sur- 
 geon of the Marine Hospital. In personal appearance he 
 is rather above the average size, of medium height, and en- 
 joys robust health. In manners he is a thorough English 
 gentleman, perhaps a little blunt in speech, but has a kind 
 and generous heart. He revisited England, and especially 
 his native place, in 1865. He purchased and occupied his 
 present elegant residence in 1872. He was married. May 
 28th, 1851, at Simcoe, to Annie Williams, and has five 
 children living. 
 
 RAINER, JOHN IT. .S., Lawyer, was born, Janu- 
 ary 22(1, 1826, at Lancaster city, Pennsylvania, 
 and is of Irish parentage, both his father and 
 mother having emigrated in 1818; the former 
 was a manufacturer and subsequently engaged in 
 farming. He attended school in Lancaster until 
 he was ten years old. He then accompanied his parents to 
 their new home in Jefferson county, Ohio, where he went to 
 school during the winter months in Springfield township, 
 and labored on his father’s farm during the balance of the 
 year. He thus continued until he was seventeen years of 
 age, when he entered the academy at New Hagerstown, 
 Ohio, remaining there until the spring of 1845. He next 
 became engaged in teaching school, first in Harrison county 
 and then at Cadiz, so continuing until 1848. Meanwhile he 
 had commenced reading law with Hon. T. L. Jewett, and 
 on April 7th, 1848, was admitted to the bar at Steubenville. 
 He commenced the practice of his profession at Mount 
 Gileon, Ohio, having formed a partnership with Judge 
 Stewart, of Mansfield, which, however, terminated in six 
 months, as his health had become impaired. He then re- 
 moved to Carrollton, where he formed a legal partnership 
 with Judge Beldon, of Canton, which continued from No- 
 vember, 1848, until June 20th, 1S50. He next opened an 
 office at Wellsville, in Columbiana county, where he prac- 
 tised alone until April ist, 1853, and then returned to Steu- 
 benville, where he found a partner in Hon. George W. 
 Mason. This firm continued only nine months, when 
 Mason retired, and he continued on his sole account until 
 he associated himself in May, 1862, with Robert Martin, 
 under the firm-name of Trainer & Martin. In September, 
 1862, Martin joined the army, and he remained without any 
 partner until the following April, when he became associated 
 with J. F. Daton. The latter was subsequently elected 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 307 
 
 Prosecuting Attorney, and the firm was dissolved. In April, 
 1865, his former associate, Martin, returned from the field, 
 when the partnership was renewed and continued until 
 February, 1867, when Martin, having been elected Judge of 
 Probate, necessitated his withdrawal. He then connected 
 himself with Milton Taggart for one year, and then, after a 
 short interval, he formed a partnership, November 1st, 1868, 
 with John McCleave, under the firm-name of Trainer & 
 McCleave, which terminated November 1st, 1873. Since 
 the latter date he has been associated with John M. Cook, 
 Under the style of Trainer & Cook, which still continues. 
 He was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Jefferson county on 
 the Democratic ticket in the autumn of 1853, and filled that 
 position until the expiration of his term, January 1st, 1856. 
 In April, 1857, he was elected Mayor of Steubenville, and 
 served in that capacity for two years. He was a candidate 
 for County Judge in October, 1858, but his opponent was 
 elected by 373 majority, although on the balance of the 
 ticket the average majority was 1400. In April, 1859, he 
 was elected City Solicitor, and held the position for two 
 years. He declined a renomination for this office as well as 
 for Mayor. In 1871 he was tendered the nomination for 
 Common Pleas Judge, but declined the same. In 1873 
 was nominated as Delegate to the Constitutional Conven- 
 tion of the State, but was defeated by 172 votes, although 
 the county had at the previous election given 1700 Repub- 
 lican majority. His name was brought before the State 
 Convention in 1875 for Attorney-Ceneral, but he declined 
 being considered a candidate, although the nomination 
 could easily have been obtained. During all the years of 
 the practice of his profession he has been very successful, 
 and has a large and lucrative patronage. He embarked on 
 his career with but very limited means, yet by his indomi- 
 table perseverance and industry he has amassed a compe- 
 tence, and ranks as one of the best attorneys in the State. 
 He was married, October loth, 1849, 1 ° Hettie A., daugh- 
 ter of Judge Morrison, of Carrollton, Ohio, and has had six 
 children, of whom five are now living. 
 
 j*ODD, EZR.\ SQUIERS, Journalist and Editor of 
 the Toledo Democrat, was born in Adams county, 
 Ohio, on the 23d of July, 1844, of American 
 parentage. His early education was obtained in 
 the free schools of his native .State. Subsequently 
 he attended Crosse Isle Academy, Michigan, and 
 Logan College, and eventually matriculated at the Middle 
 Temple Inns, London, England. The profession he had 
 selected was that of journalism, and he established himself 
 in Toledo as the publisher and editor of the Toledo Demo- 
 crat. He subsequently became the publisher of the Colum- 
 bus Ohio Statesman, as well as of the Democrat, one of the 
 ablest representatives of the Democratic press in Ohio. In 
 1865 he, like almost everybody else, took his share in the 
 
 war for the suppression of the rebellion. He was appointed 
 Major of the 184th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and 
 seized with that organization until it was mustered out of 
 the service. Politically he is a Democrat, and he has 
 worked faithfully and well in the interest of his party. His 
 influence, personally and through the medium of the printing 
 press, has been ably and effectively used in support of his 
 political faith. His labors have been fully appreciated by 
 his party, and in 1872 he was nominated on the Democratic 
 ticket for election to the State .Senate from the Thirty-third 
 District. He received the support of the full party strength 
 of the district, but that was not sufficient to carry the day in 
 a district that was largely Republican, and he was defeated. 
 In 1874 he was nominated on the Democratic ticket to 
 represent Lucas county in the Ohio Legislature. Again he 
 was a candidate in a strong Republican community, and 
 again he was defeated. He was a delegate to the Baltimore 
 National Convention. In 1875 he was appointed by Gov- 
 ernor Allen to the position of State Gas Commissioner, 
 which position he still holds. He has also been, since 
 1872, a member of the Toledo Board of Education. He 
 was married in 1868 to Julia E. Brigham, who died May 
 17th, 1875. 
 
 ADE, GENERAL MELANCTHON S., formerly 
 Merchant of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born in this 
 city, December 2d, 1802. He was the son of 
 David E. Wade, who was an active participant in 
 the colonial struggle for independence, and who 
 on one occasion was imprisoned in the old Sugar 
 House prison at New York. E). E. Wade emigrated from 
 New Jersey in 1790, and settled in Cincinnati, whose present 
 site was at this early day occupied partly by a fort only, the 
 country thereabout being then in possession of the Indians 
 commanded by .Simon Girty. He travelled with his family 
 in wagons from New Jersey to Redstone Fort, New Browns- 
 town, on the Monongahela river, and thence to Cincinnati, 
 or Fort Washington. On arriving at this point, no house 
 or hut existing in which to find shelter, he tore apart his 
 boat, and with the lumber thus obtained hastily constructed 
 a temporary home, which served as a dwelling place until 
 he had constructed a more substantial one built of logs cut 
 and hewn on the ground. On the same spot where he con- 
 structed his first home in the wilderness, and where he died, 
 July 22d, 1842, he constantly lived until in the place of the 
 original forests covering a virgin soil he saw a great city 
 rise around him ; and his log house, once the first and only 
 one for miles about, was figuratively lost in the midst of the 
 many homes of later comers. This ground is now the 
 northeast corner of Pearl and Butler streets. M. S. Wade 
 received such an education as was obtainalile at the schools 
 of Cincinnati in those early days, and at the age of fifteen 
 years was placed by his father in the dry goods store of John 
 B. Ennis, in order to learn the mercantile business. After 
 
!0S 
 
 BIOGRAFHICAL ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 remaining in this situation for three or four years, he 
 accepted a position in the dry-goods store of John D. Jones, 
 where he served for several years as salesman, and for a 
 portion of this time travelled for the house as collector. He 
 subsequently purchased an interest in the business of this 
 establishment, which he retained until about 1830, when he 
 embarked in the same business in connection with his 
 brother, Stephen I. Wade, on the southwest corner of Fourth 
 and Main streets, where, in addition to carrying on a very 
 extensive and profitable business, he conducted the affairs 
 of a large tannery. At this time their house and that of 
 John Shillito’s were the leading dry-goods establishments 
 in the city. In 1845, accumulating a handsome for- 
 tune, he retired from business and removed to Avondale, 
 one of the loveliest suburbs of Cincinnati, where he lived 
 until his decease. On arriving at manhood he identified 
 himself with the volunteer militia companies of the city, 
 and by regular gradation rose from the rank of Second Ser- 
 geant to that of Brigadier-General, and was under commis- 
 sion from 1825 to 1839. always manifested a warm 
 
 interest in the citizen soldiery, and upon the outbreak of the 
 late civil war tendered his services to the government, and 
 on the recommendation of General O. II. Mitchell, was 
 commissioned a Brigadier-General of Volunteers by Presi- 
 dent Lincoln, and assigned to duty as Commandant of 
 Camp Dennison, then the rendezvous of the major portion 
 of the Ohio troops. In this position his arduous and im- 
 portant duties were faithfully and satisfactorily performed, 
 and in his disposition of the men only too eager, if possible, 
 to finish their preparatory drilling and proceed to the seat 
 of war, he evinced the possession of sterling administra- 
 tive and executive talents. For three months he was con- 
 stantly busied in drilling and equipping the troops, and for- 
 warding them to the field, and at the expiration of this time, 
 owing to the effects of the miasma of the camp, and the 
 attendant exposure of camp life, particularly prejudicial at 
 his advanced age, his constitution gave way, and he w.as 
 compelled to tender his resignation, which was accepted. 
 He was married in August, 1823, to Eliza G. Armstrong, 
 daughter of Colonel Armstrong, of revolutionary fame, by 
 whom he had seven children, four sons and three daughters ; 
 of these three are now living, one son and two daughters. 
 He died in Avondale, Cincinnati, Ohio, August nth, 1868. 
 
 'HELDON, BENJAMIN ERASTUS, Lawyer and 
 Mayor of Napoleon, Ohio, was born in Huron 
 county, Ohio, January 2.8th, 1834. His parents, 
 natives of America, were of English origin. His 
 preliminary literary education was acquired at 
 Oberlin College, where he was an attendant until 
 the end of the junior year; he graduated subsequently, in 
 1861, at Lagrange College, Tennessee. After graduating, 
 he accepted a superintendency of public schools at Napoleon, 
 
 Ohio, and during the ensuing two years performed the duties 
 of his trust with marked fidelity and ability. At the expira- 
 tion of this time he began to apply his attention, in the same 
 place, to the theory and practice of law. He pursued his 
 legal studies under the supervision of Judge Morris, of 
 Miami county, Ohio, and was admitted to the bar in 1864. 
 Since that time he has resided in Napoleon, Ohio, and is 
 now the leading lawyer of the place, and the possessor of a 
 very extensive clientage. In April, 1874, he was elected to 
 the honorable office now filled by him, of Mayor of Napo- 
 leon. Originally well endowed by nature with sterling 
 capacities, he has been a close reader and observer through- 
 out his life, and valuing highly the beneficent influence of 
 thorough culture on self and humanity, has constantly 
 sought knowledge in all seasons and under all guises. He 
 was married, June nth, 1863, to Anna E. Dodd, of Napo- 
 leon, Ohio 
 
 ABBITT, HENRY S., M.D., Chief Clerk and 
 Deputy Auditor of State, was born at Worcester, 
 Massachusetts, December 1st, 1826; educated in 
 the public schools of that towm; studied medicine 
 at Northampton, teaching school to meet his ex- 
 penses; graduated at the Berkshire Medical Col- 
 lege in 1848; at the age of twenty-one w'as elected Secretary 
 of the “ Berkshire Medical Association,” and a member of the 
 Massachusetts Medical Society the .same year; discharged 
 the duties of City Physician of Lowell in 1849, under Pro- 
 fessor Abner H. Brown; and in the autumn of that year 
 commenced business in the new manufacturing town now 
 called Holyoke ; w'as elected Treasurer of the town in 1850, 
 and appointed Postmaster by President Fillmore. He went 
 to New York city in 1853, where he was appointed an 
 Assistant Secretary of the Crystal Palace Association, and 
 had charge of the agricultural department of the World’s 
 Fair while it existed. He w'as one of the contributors to 
 “ Putnam’s Illustrated Record of the Exhibition of the In- 
 dustry of all Nations,” and during the same year w'rote up 
 the “ History of Reaping Machines from the Earliest Date,” 
 which W'as published in a series of articles in the Scientific 
 American. He removed to Newark, Ohio, in i 854 > to fid 
 an engagement for five years wdth the Newark Machine 
 Works- remained with that company till the breaking out 
 of the slaveholders’ rebellion ; was Secretary of the Newark 
 Horticultural Society, etc. The president of the machine 
 works (General Georgy B. Wright) being appointed Quarter- 
 master-General of Ohio, Dr. Babbitt was invited to assist in 
 his office, from which he w'as sent on an expedition to Gen- 
 eral J. D. Cox, at Gauley Bridge, Virginia, and was com- 
 missioned by Governor Dennison, August 6th, 1861, as 
 Lieutenant and Quartermaster to equip the 31st Regiment 
 Ohio Volunteer Infantry. While serving w'ith his regiment 
 he W'as appointed Post Commissary at Camp Dick Robinson, 
 Kentucky, in November, 1861, and assigned by General 
 

 
 .. k IL. 
 
 
 fsJ 
 
I 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 309 
 
 George H. Thomas to his staff as Division Commissary, in 
 January, 1862. He was relieved of that duty in April, 
 while lying sick near Pittsburgh Landing, Tennessee, and 
 was appointed senior Aide-de-camp by General Thomas on 
 the evacuation of Corinth, Mississippi, in May, remaining in 
 that capacity and serving as Assistant Adjutant-General 
 under that most loved commander and faithful friend until 
 appointed to a position in the office of the Secretary of the 
 Treasury, November, 1862. While in this office he wrote 
 up for the Committee on the Conduct of the War the 
 “ History of the Intercourse with the Rebellious State,” from 
 its commencement, under the motto of Mr. Chase that 
 “trade should follow the flag.” He left Washington in 
 August, 1S63, on receipt of a telegram from Governor Tod 
 to return to Ohio, and was appointed Paymaster for the 
 troops called out to repel the “Morgan raid” and adjust 
 the compensation for services and supplies for the same ; 
 was appointed one of the Morgan raid Commissioners by 
 Governor Brough in April, 1864, and made the report for 
 the same in December of that year ; was commissioned by 
 Governor Brough to settle certain war claims of the State 
 of Ohio against the United States, a duty satisfactorily per- 
 formed. He was appointed principal bookkeeper in the 
 Auditor of State’s office in January, 1865, and promoted to 
 the Chief Clerkship in J.anuary, 1S72, to which [lost he was 
 reappointed for four years, January loth, 1876; was 
 appointed Assistant Secretary of the Ohio State Board of 
 Agriculture in 1865, to serve during the absence of the sec- 
 retary that season, in Europe; was reappointed in 1866; 
 was elected Recording Secretary in 1867, and has for ten 
 successive years been re-elected Recording and Financial 
 Secretary of that society ; he has officiated at every State 
 fair since 1853, except three during the war. In 1870 he 
 was chosen Treasurer of the Ohio Agricultural and Mechan- 
 ical College, and has been six times re-elected to that 
 responsible post. In -August, 1874, he was chosen a mem- 
 ber of the American Association for the Advancement of 
 Science, at Hartford, Connecticut. For several years he 
 has been one of the Trustees of the First Congregational 
 Church of Columbus, and Secretary of the same. Dr. 
 Babbitt was married, .September lyih, 1850, nt Worcester, 
 Massachusetts, to a former pupil, Harriet Maria, eldest 
 daughter of Sidney Smith, of Sterling, Massachusetts. Five 
 children (three daughters and two sons) have been born to 
 them; the eldest son, George Henry Thomas, graduated at 
 the United States Naval .Academy, in Tune, 1S75, in his 
 nineteenth year. In early life Dr. Babbitt was, in politics, 
 a Free-Soil Democrat; in religion, too liberal in his views 
 to subscribe to any “ creed'; ” later, and always a Republi- 
 can, and in religion, convinced that liberality so called was 
 only in practice another term for license, he joinerl the First 
 Congregational Church, of Columbus, Ohio, under the 
 earnest, convincing ministrations of Rev. E. P. Goodwin, 
 now of Chicago, Illinois. An earnest advocate of “ temper- 
 ance in all things,” yet impulsive and radical by nature, 
 
 though staid and conservative from habit, he has ever been 
 ready to test any innovation that gave fair promise of economy 
 in time or substance ; hence he has been a member of such 
 organizations, public or secret, from his youth up, as prom- 
 ised amelioration for the evils of society. 
 
 ISE, REV. ISAAC M., Jewish Rabbi, and Editor 
 of the Americctn Israelite and jDie Dehorah, was 
 born, April 3d, 1819, in Bohemia. He was edu- 
 cated primarily in Prague, and finally in Vienna, 
 graduating from the university in the latter city in 
 1843. He was immediately thereafter appointed 
 Rabbi of a congregation at Radnitz in Bohemia, and con- 
 tinued there until 1846, when he resigned his pastoral charge 
 and sailed for the United States. On his arrival in New 
 A’ork, he accepted a call to minister to a Hebrew' congrega- 
 tion in Albany, where he sojourned until 1854, when he 
 removed to Cincinnati to become Rabbi of the Temple Con- 
 gregation in that city. In 1855 he established the Ameri- 
 can Israelite, and in the following year Die Deborah ; both 
 of these publications have been issued uninterruptedly since, 
 and he still continues his position as chief editor of both. 
 In addition to his pastoral and editorial labors, he has 
 written many well-know'n and important works, including 
 the “ History of Israel,” 1854; “ Prayer Books of American 
 Israelites,” 1857; “Hymns, Psalms and Prayers,” 1868; 
 “Origin of Christianity,” 1868; “Judaism, its Doctrines 
 and Duties,” 1872 ; “ The Martyrdom of Jesus of Nazareth,” 
 1874; and “ The Cosmic God,” 1875; the latter a funda- 
 mental, ])hilosophic work. He has never aspired to any 
 political or partisan office, and declined the nomination on 
 the Democratic ticket, in 1863, to the .State Senate. He w'as 
 elected a School Trustee, and served in that capacity fur six 
 years, and was a Trustee of P'armers’ College for three years. 
 He has labored long and persistently for the reform move- 
 ment among the American Hebrew's, and w'as President of 
 the first Jewish conference which ever assembled in the 
 United States; this body met at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1875. 
 In 1873 he was elected Rabbi of a large and influential con- 
 gregation in New' York city, with a salary of ;^Sooo per year, 
 but declined the same. He has likewise been tendered 
 many honorary degrees by various institutions, but has never 
 accepted the s.ame. In July, 1875, he w'as elected a member 
 of the Board of School Examiners for the city of Cincinnati ; 
 and on August 29th of the .same year w'as chosen Piesident 
 of the Hebrew Union College of that city, in w'hich institu- 
 tion he fills the chair of Professor of History and Philo.so- 
 phy. He was married. May 26th, 1844, to Therese Block, 
 of Grafenreid, Bohemia, who died in 1874. As a ])ublic 
 orator, among the American Hebrews especially, he was 
 very successful, so that he was called, to deliver the jHiblic 
 orations on laying corner-stones, and dedicating synagogues 
 and other public buildings, to almost all parts of the country. 
 
310 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 including New York city, the New England States, as well 
 as the West and South. He is considered one of the most 
 scientific Talmudists, and a most liberal expounder thereof. 
 
 ^ ACKUS, HON. FRANKLIN T., Lawyer and 
 Statesman, was born, May 6th, 1813, in Lee, 
 Berkshire county, Massachusetts. When he was 
 very young, his father, Thomas Backus, removed 
 to Lansing, New York, and there died, leaving a 
 widow and large family with but limited means 
 of support. From this cause he was oldiged to spend his 
 early days upon a farm, and to the hardy exercise then 
 taken was due the strong constitution which enabled him to 
 endure the severe mental toil of an extensive legal practice. 
 By hard study he prepared himself for college in an unusu- 
 ally short time, and on examination was admitted to the 
 junior class of Yale College in 1834, and graduated with 
 high honors in 1836, holding the position of one of the best 
 mathematicians of his class. As soon as he had graduated, 
 he was tendered the position of assistant professor. Imme- 
 diately on leaving college he removed to Cleveland, Ohio, 
 commencing life there by opening a classical school, in 
 which he was very successful. He then read law with 
 Messrs. Bolton & Kelly. He was admitted to practise at 
 the Cuyahoga bar in August, 1839, at the term of the Su- 
 preme Court then in session, and at once took a high posi- 
 tion in the profession. In 1841 he was nominated by the 
 Whig party to the office of Prosecuting Attorney of the 
 county. He was elected and re-elected for the second term 
 of two years. In 1S46 he was elected to the lower House 
 of the General Assembly, and served one term and refusing 
 a second. In 1S48 he was elected to the State Senate, and 
 became one of the most prominent members of that body. 
 Subsequently he was nominated by the Whig party for 
 Supreme Judge of Ohio, and later by the Republican party. 
 The ticket on which he run was defeated both times, but 
 he stood very high on it. In 1S60-C1 Governor Dennison 
 appointed him one of the peace commissioners to compro- 
 mise the differences between the North and the South. In 
 this good cause he labored earnestly yet without success. 
 After the war had really begun he gave every assistance in 
 his power to the United States. In 1840 he associated 
 himself in the practice of law with J. P. Bishop, the part- 
 nership continuing for fifteen years, when Mr. Bishop became 
 one of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas. He then 
 entered into partnership with Judge R. P. Ranney, and 
 later with Mr. E. J. Estep. After his retirement from the | 
 State Senate, he devoted himself almost exclusively to his j 
 profession. At an early period in the history of Cleveland 
 railroads, he became interested in them, and was retained 
 as attorney and counsel for the principal companies, holding j 
 that position until his death. His knowledge of the law j 
 relating to corporations was unsurpassed. He was fre- 
 
 quently consulted in behalf of the city, and his opinions 
 were always final authority. No client ever lost by his 
 inattention to the merits of the cause, or by his inability to 
 present all its good points to a jury, or his neglect to hunt 
 out for the judge all the authorities that sustained the case. 
 His integrity no man questioned. He discouraged litiga- 
 tion when a fair settlement could be made, but no man 
 prosecuted more vigorously what he considered right. In 
 the spring of 1870 he broke down suddenly from overwork, 
 and died May I4tb, 1S70. In January, 1842, he was mar- 
 ried to Lucy Mygatt, daughter of George Mygatt, then of 
 Painesville, Ohio, and subsequently of Cleveland. 
 
 k||EEKI.SON, DAVID STEWART, Lawyer and 
 Prosecuting Attorney for Henry county, Ohio, was 
 born in Dundee, Scotland, November 14th, 1849. 
 In May, 1855, he left his native country and 
 settled in Napoleon, Ohio, where he has since 
 resided, and where, also, he received his element- 
 ary education in the public schools. After completing a 
 course of legal studies, under the supervision of J. H. Tyler, 
 then a resident practitioner of Napoleon, Ohio, he was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in July, 1872. He commenced the active 
 practice of his profession in the same year and place, and 
 rapidly secured favorable notice as a rising and able prac- 
 titioner. In (October, 1S74, he was elected Prosecuting 
 Attorney for Henry county, Ohio, which position he still 
 occupies. He has also held several local official positions 
 of trust and honor, and in all of these deported himself with 
 fidelity and ability. In 1867 he became attached to the 
 4th United States Artillery, and was engaged in this branch 
 of the service for about three years. While no politician in 
 the narrower sense, he takes an active interest in public 
 affairs, finding in the creed of the Democratic party the 
 expression of his views and sentiments. 
 
 APTR, JOHN CHARLES, Druggist and Book- 
 seller, was born in Manchester, Summit county, 
 Ohio, April 5th, 1841, and is the son of American 
 parents of German extraction. In 1850 he moved 
 with his parents to Seneca county, Ohio, and 
 settled at a point located about six miles north 
 from Fostoria, Ohio. In the years 1857-58 he attended 
 Heidelberg College of Tiffin, Ohio. From 1858 until 1862 
 he was engaged in teaching school, but not finding that 
 mode of life congenial to his tastes, he ultimately entered 
 the drug store of Dubois & Co., of Tiffin, Ohio, in the 
 capacity of clerk. In the spring of 1865 he removed to 
 Napoleon, Ohio, and purchasing a small stock of drugs, 
 entered into active life on his own account and resources in 
 the drug and book business. During his residence in 
 Napoleon, by strict attention to his business, and to a great 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 311 
 
 extent by his sterling personal characteristics, he has suc- 
 ceeded in obtaining the confluence of the general commu- 
 nity; has secured extensive tind profitable trade relations. 
 The Democratic party commands his sympathy and support, 
 but he has never taken any active part in the partisan con- 
 tests of the day, beyond that demanded of him as a loyal 
 citizen. He was married, August 22d, 1864, to Prudence 
 Ann Belden, who was at that time attending school in 
 Oberlin, Ohio. 
 
 51.^ ILL, GENERAL JOSHUA W., was born at 
 Chillicothe, Ohio, December 6th, 1831. . His 
 father, a lawyer of distinction, was one of the 
 earliest settlers of that place, and still resided 
 there some years after the war. His mother died 
 while he was very young, and he was reared and 
 educated at home under the eye of his father. He had a 
 taste for literature and science, which was fostered and 
 developed. In 1850 he was appointed a cadet to West 
 Point, graduating third in his class, in 18531 being at 
 once appointed Second Lieutenant of Ordnanci.’ at Water- 
 viiet Arsenal. Ordered back to the Academy as instructor, 
 he remained there until next year, when he was sent to 
 Oregon to supermtend the construction of magazines and 
 fortifications. During the Indian war in Oregon, he tvas 
 Chief of Ordnance to General Harney, and performed his 
 duties with energy and efficiency. But not liking the posi- 
 tion, having had a misunderstanding with the commanding 
 general, he applied for and obtained an exchange; and in 
 the fall of 1859 he was again at Watervliet. Ordered from 
 there to Fort Leavenworth, he remained at that point until 
 the spring of i860, when he resigned his commission to ac- 
 cept the Professorship of Mathematics and Engineering in 
 the Polytechnic College, at Brooklyn, New York. Here, 
 in a position he filled with ability, the opening of the war 
 found him. He was offered and urged to accept the Col- 
 onelcy of several New York regiments, but he chose to re- 
 turn to his native State, where he entered the Adjutant- 
 General’s office, and assisted in organizing and equipping 
 Ohio regiments until the summer of 1861, when he took 
 command of the 33d Ohio Infantry, and accompanied 
 McClellan to the Kanawha Valley, in West Virginia. 
 I'rorn this time until his death in the field, he was con- 
 stantly in active service; under Nelson and Thomas in 
 eastern Kentucky; Mitchel in Alabama; and Buell and 
 Rosecrans in Tennessee and Kentucky. In every sphere 
 of military duty he proved himself a skilful soldier and 
 honor.able gentleman. Although but a Colonel in rank at 
 the outset, he commanded a brigade from the first, and it 
 was not until the winter of 1861 that he was made a Briga- 
 dier-General. This was for “ gallant and meritorious con- 
 duct in the field.” On the organization of Buell's army at 
 Bardstown, he was placed in command of a division in 
 McCook’s corps, which he held until death relieved him. 
 
 j He was killed at Murfreesboro’, December 31st, 1862, 
 ; while leading a brilliant charge against the enemy, under 
 an order of General Sheridan. In appearance the Gener.al 
 was of light build, with a mild and pleasing address. He 
 was a man of scholarship and refinement, and of simplicity 
 and kindness in manner. His life was ])ure and spotless, 
 and he was loved by all who knew him, and especially was 
 he idolized by his soldiers. The State of Ohio has been 
 honored by men more known to fame, but she never sent 
 forth a braver man to battle for his country. He was 
 among the youngest generals in the service, and was cut 
 off in the midst of his usefulness to the cause. 
 
 ONG, DAVID, Physician, was born at Hebron, 
 New York, on the 29th of .September, 1787. He 
 sprang from New England ancestry, both his 
 father and his mother being natives of Massachu- 
 setts. He received his general education in 
 Massachusetts, and when the time came to decide 
 upon a profession, he chose that of his father. Dr. D.avid 
 Long, Sr. Having made his decision he commenced the 
 study of medicine with his father, and having accomplished 
 the preparatory course of reading, he went to New York to 
 continue and perfect his studies. There he graduated and 
 received his diploma, when he was twenty-two years of 
 age. Immediately after his graduation, in 1809, he re- 
 moved to the wilderness of Ohio, and established himself in 
 what is now Cleveland. At that time the settlement con- 
 sisted of only half a dozen houses, and these were nearly 
 all shanties. Here he commenced practice as a physician 
 and surgeon, and here he achieved a professional success 
 rarely surpassed. He was composed of the material that 
 genuine pioneers are made of. He had strong will, tireless 
 energy, and indomitable perseverance, and it was fortunate 
 that he was so endowed, for his practice was attended with 
 very great fatigue and a degree of danger which the people 
 of to-day cannot realize at all. His “ ride ” extended all 
 over northern Ohio, and that region was then an almost 
 unbroken wilderness, a ride through which was anything 
 but a pleasure trip. His success was great from the first ; 
 and as the population grew more and more dense, the 
 demands on his time and his professional skill became con- 
 tinuous ; and not only was his professional popularity very 
 great, but the personal consideration in which he was held 
 was exceedingly high. As the physician he won the con- 
 fidence of the entire community, and as the man he received 
 the respect and love of all with whom he came in contact. 
 Politically he belonged to the Whig party, and acted with 
 that organization on all the issues of the day in which he 
 lived. But he was not a politician, and his political action 
 consisted in the performance of the citizen’s duty of voting. 
 He never held political office, and never occiqiied public 
 position of any kind. He had devoted himself to his pro- 
 
3'2 
 
 BIOGRAPIIICAL ENCYCLOr.EDIA. 
 
 fession, and his profession sufficed to occupy his time, his 
 thoughts, and his energies. At an early day he invested 
 largely in real estate, and now his three children are enjoy- 
 ing the benefits of these wise and thoughtful investments. 
 He died on the 1st of September, 1851, at the age of sixty- 
 four years, having lived to see the little settlement, in which 
 he cast his lot, grow to be one of the largest cities in the 
 State, and leaving behind him a whole community of 
 mourners. 
 
 ITCIIEL, GENERAL ORMSBY McKNIGIIT, 
 was born near Morganfield, Union county, Ken- 
 tucky, August 28th, 1810. His parents came from 
 Yirginia, where they had owned considerable 
 property. The father was a man of intellect, with 
 a strong liking for mathematics, and an inclina- 
 tion for the astronomical studies that were to make his son 
 so famous. The mother was a cultivated, refined, and 
 pious woman. Three years after the birth of Ormsby, the 
 father died, and other deaths bereaved the household in 
 rapid succession. The mother decided to leave a neighbor- 
 hood that proved so unhealthy, and the family made their 
 way to the Ohio river, crossing to the point where Cincin- 
 nati now stands, thence to Miami, in Clermont county, and 
 from there to Lebanon, in Warren county. Ormsby, too 
 young to help in the support of the family, was allowed to 
 devote himself to books, and proved, with his imperfect, 
 facilities, a very apt student. At nine years he was reading 
 Virgil. At twelve he was progressing in Greek. Then he 
 was placed in a country store, where he worked 'hard day 
 and evening for twenty-five cents a day, fot two years. 
 Then the harshness of his employer’s wife- caused him to 
 leave and to face the world without .t cent. Meeting a 
 countryman with a team he accosted nim, and secured em- 
 ployment as a teamster. But this life could not but be dis- 
 tasteful to the student and future great scientist; and his 
 mother, through her kinsman. Justice McLean, of the 
 Supreme Court of the United .States, secured for him an 
 appointment to West Point, although he was then not quite 
 fifteen. It was doubted whether he would pass the exami- 
 nation. “ I shall go through, sir,” was the confident re- 
 sponse of the lad. With a little knapsack on his back, he 
 started for the academy. Partly on foot, sometimes on 
 horseback, and by canal boat, he arrived there with a 
 shilling in his pocket. Though the youngest boy, he passed 
 as creditably as most of the applicants. A daily routine of 
 study was a novelty to hin, and he had not acquired the 
 self-control necessary to keep him at his best. But for this 
 he would have graduated much higher. In his class an 
 uidenown name was first, R. E. Lee, second, Joseph E. 
 Johnston, thirteenth, O. M. Mitchel, fifteenth, and B. W. 
 Brice, fortieth. Jefferson Davis was also a cadet there at 
 this time, and, it is said, liked the little fellow so well as 
 to have often made him his companion. After his gradua- 
 
 tion, at the age of nineteen, he was retained as Assistant 
 Instructor in Mathematics. He displayed great ability in 
 this position, and was well hiked by all. Serving here a 
 couple of years, he was sent on garrison duty to St. Augus- 
 tine, Florida. Before this .he had won the heart of a Mrs. 
 Trask, the widow of a West- Pointer, and a member of a 
 prominent family in the cotanty in which the academy was 
 situated. His marriage le'J him to dislike his jirofession, 
 and he began to study law. Finally he resigned his com- 
 mission, and began the prcictice of law in Cincinnati. His 
 partner was Edw, rd D. Mansfield. They had a hard 
 struggle, and barely madp a living. “ How much did you 
 and Mitchel make practising law ?” the surviving partner 
 was once asked. “I think about fifty dollars in all,” was 
 the reply. During this time he delivered his first lecture 
 on astronomy, to an i’nsignificant audience in point of num- 
 bers. He also join.ed Dr. Lyman Beecher’s church, and 
 was prominent fov his fervid zeal at prayer-meetings. In 
 1834 the partner®, were given professorships in the College 
 of Cincinnati. His chair was that of Mathematics, Natu- 
 ral Philosophy, and Astronomy. Here began his fame as a 
 teacher, and soon his influence was felt outside the college 
 and chuveh. Railroad enterprise was in its infancy, and 
 his knowledge of civil engineering was turned to account. 
 He encouraged the building of the proposed road up the 
 valley of the Little Miami, and finally became its engineer 
 at the youthful age of twenty-six. In conjunction with 
 George Neff he secured a loan of $200,000 from the city of 
 Cincinnati, to assist the work. In 1836-37 he was its chief 
 engineer, and between this duty and the professorship he 
 was kept busy. But another matter was also engaging his 
 broad intellect. He was an enthusiast in the science of 
 astronomy, and deplored the lack of sufficient apparatus for 
 making instructive observations. He conceived the project 
 of erecting a complete observatory, and threw his very soul 
 into making it a success. He delivered a series of lectures 
 on astronomy, which drew the most cultivated and intelli- 
 gent people of Cincinnati. The last lecture was repeated 
 by request, and drew an audience of over two thousand 
 persons. At its close he developed his plan of operations, 
 that of forming a joint stock company, with shares at twenty- 
 five dollars each, work to commence when three hundred 
 were sold. At last this number was subscribed for, and he 
 went to Europe to examine instruments. After much un- 
 successful search, he found at Munich a lens to suit him. 
 It was not finished, but he contracted for it at ten thousand 
 dollars, although but seven thousand had been subscribed. 
 He was determined to have the observatory the finest in the 
 United States, and he returned home to raise the money. 
 He amused local pride by his report, and raised the money. 
 Nicholas Longworth gave the ground for its erection. 
 John Quincy Adams laid the corner-stone. There was still 
 much to do to complete the work, but the projector finally 
 surmounted all difficulty, and the telescope was placed in 
 position in March, 1845. promised to give his 
 
■Engraved Vr 
 
 MAJ.-GEN. O.M.MITCHEL 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPy^EDIA. 
 
 313 
 
 services at the observator)’ for ten years, free of charge, de- 
 pending upon his salary at college for support. But the 
 college was burned down, and with it his means of liveli- 
 hood. Pie at once entered the lecture-field, was pecuni- 
 arily and otherwise more than simply successful, and re- 
 turned to the observatory in accordance with his promise. 
 His inventive genius brought new mechanical aids to his 
 favorite study. He still found other fields, which, if not so 
 congenial, were very necessary as a means of support. He 
 surveyed the route for the Ohio & Mississippi Railroad, 
 used his persuasive eloquence in securing the co-operation 
 of State Legislatures, and thrice crossed the Atlantic to 
 negotiate its bonds. More than to any other single indi- 
 vidual was the success of this road due to him. He also 
 for a time pulilished the Sidereal Alessenger, an astronomical 
 journal, which lived for a year or two. His first book, 
 the “ Planetary and Stellar Worlds,” was well received here 
 and in Europe. His lectures on the “Astronomy of the 
 Bible ” were also published in book form, much to the 
 gratification of those who heard them. In i860 his “ Popu- 
 lar Astronomy” was published. During these active years 
 he had not entirely forgotten his military training, for he 
 was captain of a volunteer company for ten years. For two 
 years he was Adjutant-General of the State of Ohio. Such 
 had been his various and useful career up to the beginning 
 of the war, at which lime, in answer to an appeal, he was 
 furthering the efforts to have an observatory constructed at 
 Albany, Xew York. Science and every interest of his life 
 were forgotten in patriotism. At the great Union meeting 
 in Xew York, his speech was the most electrifying. 
 
 .... I owe allegiance to the government of the United 
 ■States. A poor boy, working my way with my own hands, 
 at the age of twelve turned out to take care of myself as 
 best I could, and beginning by earning but four dollars a 
 month, I worked my w.ay on until this glorious government 
 gave me a chance at the Military Academy at West Point. 
 
 Then I swore allegiance to the government of the 
 
 United States. I did not abjure the love of my native State, 
 nor of my adopted .State, but all over that rose triumphant 
 amt predominant my love for our common country. And 
 now, to-day, that common country is assailed, and, alas ! 
 alas! that I am compelled to say it, is assailed in some sense 
 
 by my own countrymen They are countrymen no 
 
 longer when war breaks out. The rebels and traitors in the 
 ■South we must set aside; they are not our friends. When 
 they come to their senses we « ill receive them with open 
 arms; but till that time, while they are trailing our banner 
 in the dust, then we must smite. In God’s name I will 
 smite, and as long as I have strength I will do it. [Enthu- 
 si.astic applause.] Oh, listen to me! listen to me! I know 
 these men. I know their courage. I have been among 
 them ; 1 have been reared with them. They are brave — 
 
 do not pretend to think they are nr t I trust you 
 
 are all ready; I am ready. God help me to do my duty. 
 I am ready to fight in the ranks or out of the ranks. Hav- 
 ing been educated in the Academy, having been in the 
 army seven years, having served as commander of a volun- 
 teer company for ten years, and as an Adjutant-General of 
 my State, I feel that 1 am ready for something. I only ask 
 to be permitted to act; and in God’s name give me some- 
 thing to do. 
 
 This stirring address and appeal, so small a portion of 
 which is given, melted men and women to tears. All 
 thought the trouble would be of short duration, and the 
 gallant speaker was not called into service until the follow- 
 ing August, on the 8th day of which he was made a Briga- 
 dier-General of Volunteers. He was placed in command 
 of the Department of Ohio, with head-quarters at Cincinnati. 
 He at once put the city in a position of defence, and took 
 charge of the raw troops centring there. He was espe- 
 cially eager to go to the relief of the East Tennessee Union- 
 ists, and received his orders to start. But the order was 
 countermanded before he got ready. When Buell assumed 
 command in Kentucky, he was relieved in Cincinnati, and 
 given command of a division of the army then forming 
 between Louisville and Bowling Green. He thoroughly 
 drilled his troops, and then asked Buell to allow him to 
 face the enemy. The zeal which he infused into his every 
 movement aroused the jealousy of other division command- 
 ers, and his activity was looked upon with disfavor. 
 Placed in command of raw troops, he had raised their 
 standard of drill and discipline above that of the others. 
 His division was given the advance in the movement on 
 Bowling Green, and by forced marching he reached the 
 town as the last rebel was leaving. Quite a lot of commis- 
 sary stores were captured, also a number of locomotives and 
 one gun. The quickness of his movements caused the 
 enemy to destroy stores of an estimated value of $500,000. 
 The commanding general was lavish in his compliments, 
 and the division general proudly addressed his troops in a 
 grand outburst of patriotism. On the 22d of February, 
 1862, he set out for Xashville, and on the evening of the 
 following day had taken possession of the city. His success 
 intensified the jealousy of some few officers, and he was 
 subjected to annoyances of a petty nature. He was soon, 
 however, to rise above it all. He was left to act somewhat 
 independently with his command, with orders to gain a 
 foothold on the Memphis & Charleston Railroad. It was 
 then that he conceived the brilliant idea of making a dash 
 into northern Alabama. His advance was a succession of 
 surprises to the rebels. This was the memorable railroad 
 raid which has made his name so famous. The country 
 applauded the dash of his movements. With a command 
 of fifteen thousand, he had planted himself in the heart of 
 rebeldom. He fought no great battles, but startled the foe 
 into flight by the suddenness of his movements, coming 
 upon them in menacing force when least expected. P'or 
 his gre.at success in this memorable campaign he was made 
 a M.ajor-General of Volunteers, but w,as soon after recalled 
 to Washington, not being aide to agree with Buell. Faith 
 in him there was unshaken, except that the new General- 
 in-Chief, Halleck, looked upon his mode of warfare with 
 disfavor. Meantime his enemies had set afloat a swarm of 
 slanders, and charges were forwarded to Washington, but 
 they were never noticed. To his credit be it said. General 
 Buell discountenanced all efforts to cast a .stigma upon the 
 
 40 
 
314 
 
 EIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 name of his late subordinate, and tried to discover the au- 
 thorsliip of the slanders. lie was out of command for some 
 months, and devoted himself to looking after the Cincinnati 
 and Dudley Observatories, which were still under his direc- 
 torship. On the 1 2th of September, 1862, he was assigned 
 to a new department. He was given command of the De- 
 partment of South Carolina, and he went to work in his 
 new field with all the vigor that had characterized him in 
 the past. His coming inspired the troops, and his prelimi- 
 nary movements were attended with success. He was ever 
 on the offensive, feeling the enemy’s strength by sudden 
 raids into his territory. But in a little over a month after 
 his arrival he was stricken down with yellow fever. He 
 lingered four days, and died, October 30th, 1862. His death 
 was the greatest loss the government had so far sustained 
 in individual military ability. Without ever having taken 
 active part in any of the great battles, he was one of the 
 most successful generals of the war. 
 
 
 I 
 
 07 ' 
 
 .^iP'A'TLE, GENERAL WILLIAM HAINES, was 
 ' ‘ born in Cincinnati, November 2d, 1826. He 
 came of a militaiy family, his great-grandfather 
 having held a commission in the French war of 
 1779, and his grandfather. General William 
 l.ytle, having served with bravery and ability in 
 the Indian wars of his time. His father. General Robert 
 Lytle, a prominent and influential politician in Ohio, at 
 one time represented the Cincinnati district in Congress, 
 and held the office of Surveyor-General tinder President 
 Jackson. The son, W’illiam PL, was graduated, at the age 
 of sixteen, at the old Cincinnati College, and although, in 
 keeping with the military spirit of his family, he would 
 have preferred to go to West Point, he was induced to 
 select the law as a profession. When war with Mexico 
 was declared, he immediately entered the service, and was 
 elected a Captain in the 2d Ohio Infantry. After the close 
 of this conflict, in which he had gained distinction, he re- 
 sumed the practice of the law, and was shortly after elected 
 to the State Legislature. In 1S57 he was commissioned 
 Major-General of the Southern District of the Ohio Militia, 
 a position previously held by his father and grandfather. 
 With the opening of the rebellion he was among the first 
 to offer his services, and with great promptness and efficiency 
 organized Camp Harrison, the first properly organized drill- 
 ground in the West. Having accepted the Colonelcy of 
 the loth Ohio Infantry, he left the above camp, June 24th, 
 1861, and joined the army under Rosecrans in West Vir- 
 ginia. During this campaign, with his regiment he sur- 
 prised the rebel advance at Carnifex Ferry, drove them 
 from their position, and, though he suddenly came upon a 
 well-intrenched and much larger force than his own, he 
 made a fierce charge, and would have carried the works, 
 had he not been unsaddled by a shot that wounded him and 
 
 killed his horse, the latter galloping within the enemy’s lines, 
 where he fell dead. Before he had recovered from his 
 wound he’was placed in charge of a camp of instruction at 
 Bardstown, Kentucky. Remaining here three months, he 
 then joined General O. M. Mitchel, and commanded the 
 17th Brigade in his remarkable campaign in northern Ala- 
 bama. At the battle of Perrysville he was again wounded, 
 and fell so close to their lines that he was captured and 
 carried off in their retreat of the next day. He was kindly 
 cared for, and upon reaching Harrodsburg was paroled. 
 Being promoted for his gallantry, he was assigned to the 
 command of the 1st Brigade, Sheridan’s Division, Army of 
 the Cumberland. This brigade had been formerly com- 
 manded by General Sill, who fell at Murfreesboro’. Being 
 urged about this time to become a candidate for Governor 
 of Ohio, he declined, having entered the army from a sense 
 of duty, and desiring to remain until the close of the war. 
 The loth Ohio, his old regiment, ever held him in loving 
 regard, and a few weeks before the battle in which he met 
 his death they presented him with a Maltese cross of gold, 
 studded with precious stones. The presentation was made 
 in a pleasant spot, where he was surrounded by his present 
 and old command, and a large number of ladies and officers 
 of rank. He accepted the tribute in a graceful speech of 
 thanks. On the 2d of September, 1863, he was ordered to 
 break camp and begin the march which led to the fatal field 
 of Chickamauga. After three weeks of incessant marching, 
 his command reached Lee and Gordon’s Mills. Before his 
 troops had time to rest, he was ordered to move on the 
 double-quick to the relief of General Thomas, on the left 
 of the line of battle. But before this could he accomplished, 
 he was furiously attacked by the enemy, and subjected to a 
 murderous fire which compelled him to place his command 
 in the order of battle. The brave General prepared for the 
 worst, and although wounded already, charged the enemy 
 and fell, pierced by three bullets, at the head of his brigade. 
 One of his aides caught him in his arms ; and two orderlies 
 were killed, and an officer wounded, while try ing to remove 
 the dying soldier. Mutely appealing to those about him to 
 fall back and save themselves, he placed his sword in the 
 hands of an orderly and waved him to the rear, thus ex- 
 pressing a last wish that it should not he captured by the 
 foe. Lying in a little knoll, at the foot of a tree, in the 
 midst of carnage, death came to one of the bravest and 
 most daring generals of the late war. As he had written 
 years before : 
 
 *‘On some lone spot, where, far from home and friends. 
 
 The way-worn pilgrim on the turf reclining, 
 
 His life, and much of grief, together ends." 
 
 Though his body fell into the hands of the enemy, it was 
 treated with the respect due his rank, and temporarily buried 
 near Crawfish Springs. Friend and foe alike mourned his 
 loss, for he was well known and kindly regarded by large 
 numbers of rebels. When the remains were removed to his 
 home, high honors were paid them along the entire route. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 They were met at Chattanooga by his old command, who 
 keenly felt his loss, and whose ceremonies were very im- 
 posing. At Cincinnati the body lay in slate for a day, and 
 was visited by large crowds of sympathizing citizens, anx- 
 ious to view the features of the dead hero. Houses were 
 dr.aped in mourning, bells tolled, and flags were at half- 
 mast. The burial took place at Spring Grove Cemetery, 
 where the remains were placed among those of his kindred, 
 and in ground honored by the reception of many of the 
 illustrious dead from other battle-fields. Before the out- 
 break of the war, poetry was to him a pleasant occupation 
 and a source of much delight. The poem, “Antony and 
 Cleopatra,” beginning with “ I am dying, Egypt, dying,” 
 was from his pen. There was much of the poet, at least 
 the ideal poet, in his appearance. A well-proportioned 
 head covered with long, silken brown hair, a complexion 
 so fair as to be almost effeminate, a flowing beard, a high 
 intellectual brow, lit up with expressive eyes, finely cuived 
 nostrils, and the whole effect toned down by an unaffected 
 modesty — he was a man to be distinguished among men. 
 
 ■cCOOK, GENERAL DANIEL, was born in 
 Carrollton, Carroll county, Ohio, July 22d, 1834. 
 He was a younger brother of General Robert L. 
 McCook, murdered by guerillas. He loved books, 
 especially poetical works. Among his chief attri- 
 butes was a warm affection for his mother. Un- 
 like his brother Robert, he was delicate and nervous from 
 childhood. He was graduated from, a college in Florence, 
 Alabama, in 1857. Studying law for a year, he was admitted 
 to practice, and settled in Leavenworth, Kansas, becom- 
 ing a member of the firm of Ewings, Sherman & McCook 
 — the two former, sons of Hon. Thomas Ewing, and the 
 third a name that was to become celebrated in the military 
 annals of the war. Here he was married in December, 
 i860, to Julia Tibbs, of Platte county, Missouri. At the 
 time of the firing on Sumter he was Captain of a militia 
 company, the Shields Grays. With them he entered the 
 service. “A general’s star ora soldier’s grave,” said he; 
 and he was de.stined for both. In November, 1861, he was 
 appointed Adjutant-General on the staff of his brother Alex- 
 ander. In this capacity he served for nearly a year, taking 
 part in the battle of Pittsburgh Landing, and in the campaign 
 against Ch.attanooga. In the spring of 1862 he was re- 
 quested to undertake the recruiting of an Ohio regiment by 
 Governor Tod — the 52d. He accomplished this task in 
 time to answer the call for troops to repel the invasion of 
 Kirby Smith. He was afterwards made commander of a 
 brigade, and was engaged with it in the campaign from 
 Perryville to Kenesaw Mountain, in the storming of which 
 he met his death. “If Harker and Daniel McCook had 
 lived,” said Sherman, “ I believe I should have carried the 
 position.” While the dew of death was settling upon him. 
 
 3'S 
 
 a despatch came from the War Department announcing his 
 promotion to a Brigadier-Generalship of Volunteers. The 
 promotion was dearly earned, and his loss was deeply felt 
 in the important stage of the conflict in which he fell. 
 George D. Prentice was a warm friend of the gallant sol- 
 dier, and his esteem met with a hearty reciprocation. In a 
 graceful tribute to his memory, and in the face of a painful 
 and peculiar circumstance, this paragraph occurs : 
 
 In one of the battles or skirmishes south of Murfrees- 
 boro’ Daniel McCook shot my son. Colonel Clarence J. 
 Prentice, inflicting a very severe and even dangerous wound. 
 , A short time afterward, and while my son was still confined 
 1 to his bed, I met my friend Dan at a hotel in Nashville. 
 He knew that I knew it was he who had wounded my son. 
 He advanced to me, but not with his accustomed alacrity, 
 apprehensive, as he afterward told me, that I might not wish 
 to .speak to him. But when I heartily grasped his hand 
 he gave utterance to all the joyousness of his nature. He 
 told me that he had always liked me and admired me, and 
 that he should thenceforth like and admire me more than 
 ever. And he was kind enough to say, I am sure in all 
 sincerity, that if 4 ie had recognized my son in the fight, he 
 should have fired bis pistol in some other direction. My 
 impression of Daniel McCook is, that he was one of the 
 noblest, bravest, and most generous spirits that I ever knew. 
 I know not where he sleeps, but I should love to lay a 
 flower upon his grave. 
 
 He was buried with the honors due a soldier, in Spring 
 Grove Cemetery, near Cincinnati, beside his father and two 
 brothers, who had already met death at the hands of the 
 enemies of their country. The first member of this noted 
 family who fell in battle was Charles Morris McCook, a 
 private in the 2d Ohio Volunteers. He was killed in the 
 first battle of Bull Run, July 21st, 1861. 
 
 jjiSHOP, LEONARD W., M. D., was born in 
 Cheviot Green township, Hamilton county, Ohio, 
 July 25th, 1823, and was the seventh child in a 
 family of ten children, whose parents were Preston 
 Bishop and Anna (Whittaker) Bishop. His father, 
 a native of Cumberland county. New Jersey, fol- 
 lowed through life, before coming to the W’est, the vocation 
 of sea-captain; he moved to Ohio in 1820, or thereabout, 
 and settled primarily at Cheviot, in a short time after moved 
 to Cincinnati, from whence, about the year 1830, he removed 
 to Goshen, Clermont county, Ohio, where he was engaged 
 in agricultural pursuits until 1859, the date of his demise. 
 His mother, also a native of Cumberland county. New Jer- 
 sey, died in 1859. His ancestors were active and promi- 
 nent participants in the revolutionary war. Until he had 
 attained his nineteenth year, his days were passed mainly 
 in hard labor on the paternal farm ; while his education, 
 limited in both degree and kind, was acquired in an irregu- 
 lar attendance during winter months at an ordinary country 
 school. In 1843 he became a student in a select school, 
 under the supervision of Rev. L. G. Gaines, with whom he 
 
3i6 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL EN'CYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 continued his studies for about two years. He then at- 
 tended Miami University, and for four years was engaged 
 alternately in studying and in teaching. During his ex- 
 perience as an educator he devoted a portion of his time 
 also to the reading of medicine. In the winter of 1S47-48 
 he attended a course of lectures at the Ohio Medical Col- 
 lege, and in the spring of the latter year settled in Mount 
 Carmel, Clennout county, Ohio, where he practised during 
 the succeeding twenty months. At the outbreak of the 
 cholera scourge in Anderson township, Hamilton county, 
 Ohio, in fuly, 1849, he left Mount Carmel and located his 
 office at Mount Washington, where he was constantly oc- 
 cupied for four years in successful professional labors. He 
 then attended a second course of lectures at the Ohio Medi- 
 cal College, and in 1852 graduated with honor from that 
 institution. Subsequently, until 1867, he practised medi- 
 cine in Mount Washington, and in this year returned to 
 Mount Carmel, where he remained until 1S72. He then 
 removed to Batavia, where he has since permanently re- 
 sided, engaged in the practice of medicine. Politically, he 
 is a liberal yet conservative voter, and has been twice a 
 candidate for the Legislature in Hamilton county. During 
 the war of the rebellion he was a member of Dr. Comegy’s 
 medical staff, and administered efficiently to the needs of 
 the sick and wounded after the battle of Pittsburgh Land- 
 ing. He was also, in 1873, Examining Surgeon for the 
 government, in Batavia, Oliio. Religiously, he is a Pres- 
 byterian, and for many years has been an elder in his 
 church. Through life he has been remarkable for integrity 
 of character, and untiring energy and industry in tlie prac- 
 tice of his profession. He was married in 1851 to Orrosina 
 Hawkins, of Hamilton county, Ohio, who died in August, 
 1854; and again, August 31st, 1S65, to Louisa Williams, 
 of Clermont county, Ohio. 
 
 MEI.BAKER, HON. DAVID T., late Mayor 
 of Cincinnati, was born in Philadelphia, August 
 29th, 1804. His family were among the oldest 
 settlers of Pennsylvania, his grandfather having 
 been born in Philadelphia in 1721, and his 
 father, Philip Snelbaker, in the same city in 
 176^, and resided there until his death, in 1807. The edu- 
 cational advantages of our subject were extremely limited, 
 but by dint of close application and extensive reading he 
 became a man of liberal culture and possessed of a large 
 fund of practical knowledge. He learned the cooper’s 
 trade in his native city, and was there married in 1827 to 
 Elizabeth Duey. In 1833 he removed to Cincinnati, 
 where he formed a copartnership with Alexander Dalzell, 
 under the firm-name of Snelbaker & Dalzell, and engaged 
 in the coopering business. This firm continued in success- 
 ful operation, being at that time the largest establishment 
 of its kind in the city, until 1846, when it was dissolved by 
 
 mutual consent. He had been a member of the City 
 Council before his retirement from business, and was sub- 
 sequently elected Magistrate, which position he held until 
 elected Mayor for two years, in 1853. During his term 
 occurred the memorable “ Bedini riot,” which developed 
 the iron nerve and firm executive ability which he possessed 
 in its suppression. The “ Know Nothing movement” was 
 also inaugurated during his occupancy of the office, but 
 during these times of turmoil and political excitement he 
 presided over the destinies of the Queen City with rare 
 dignity and executive ability. After the expiration of his 
 official term he engaged in the practice of the law, which 
 he continued up to the time of his death. He died, April 
 19th, 1867, mourned by a large circle of relatives and 
 friends. His first wife having died in 1837, he was mar- 
 ried in 1839 to hlary Hooper, of Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 ^ NELBAKER, THOMAS EDWARD, Superin- 
 tendent of Police of Cincinnati, was born in that 
 city, September 26th, 1844. Ills 
 
 Hon. David T. Snelbaker, whose sketch pre- 
 cedes. He was educated in the schools of his 
 native city, including the Hughes and Woodward 
 High .Schools. Though only in his seventeenth year he left 
 school in June, 1861, to enter the army, and served with the 
 Army of V’irginia for two years. At the expiration of that time 
 he returned to Cincinnati, where he was appointed Cashier 
 in the Internal Revenue Office of the First District of Ohio, 
 in 1863. He held this position until 1867, having during that 
 period received and accounted for some ^20,000,000. He 
 was then appointed Chief Deputy for the Third District of 
 Ohio, where he served until 1869, when he resigned and 
 went South. He returned to Cincinnati in 1870, and was 
 appointed Assistant City Clerk, which position he held until 
 he was appointed Assistant City Auditor, in April, 1872. 
 In June, 1873, he was elected Secretary of the W’ater 
 Works Board, and continued to hold that office until Feb- 
 ruary 26th, 1875, when he was appointed Superintendent 
 of Police, which position he still holds. He was married 
 in November, 1867, to Elizabeth C. Rook, of Cincinnati. 
 Such is the record of a man whose efficient discharge of his 
 duty as an official has won for him the approbation of his 
 associates and given him a continuous career of public trust. 
 
 EIS, JULIUS, Merchant and President of the 
 Board of Aldermen of Cincinnati, was born at 
 Billigheim, on the Nacker, Dukedom of Baden, 
 Germany, January 6th, 1841. He is a son of 
 Manassas Reis and Sarah (Westheimer) Reis, 
 and was educated in the High School (Real 
 Schule) at Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany. Upon relin- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 3«7 
 
 quishing school life he entered a large grocery house in 
 Frankfort, and remained there until 1857. He then emi- 
 grated to the United States, and took charge of the books 
 for the firm of S. Rothschild & Brother, at Columbus, C)hio. 
 At the expiration of his engagement with that house he 
 removed to Cincinnati, where, in 1861, he formed a co- 
 partnership with his brother, Samuel Reis, and engaged in 
 the grocery business. In 1865 another brother, Abraham 
 Reis, was admitted into the firm of Reis Brothers & Co., 
 which is now conducting, on a very extensive scale, the 
 business of importing the products of foreign countries, 
 while the value and importance of its trade is probably not 
 excelled in the country. He neither sought nor held any 
 public office until 1874, when he was elected a member of 
 the Board of Aldermen of Cincinnati. In 1873 he was 
 chosen to fill the Presidential chair of this body, and since 
 his election to that office has presided over its deliberations 
 with dignity and acceptability. He was married in 1868 
 to Julia Seasongood, daughter of Jacob Seasongood, a lead- 
 ing and influential merchant and capitalist of Cincinnati, 
 Ohio. 
 
 WANEY, REV. JOSEPH ASBURY, D. D., Pas- 
 tor and Missionary,- was born near Freeport, 
 Harrison county, Ohio, March 1st, 1824. He 
 spent about two years in the common schools of 
 Freeport and Barnesville and in Ur. Belknap’s 
 Academy, in the former place. In twenty-six 
 days, while attending the academy, he learned the Latin 
 grammar, and read “ Historiae Sacrte ” and a part of “ Viri 
 Romse.” Surveying, in its various branches, he studied 
 without a master; and studied bookkeeping at the Iron City 
 Commercial College, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he 
 received a diploma. He learned to read Greek without the 
 aid of a teacher, and also to read, write and speak Spanish; 
 while at all times he read with avidity and care all useful 
 or entertaining works which came within his reach. “ It 
 was his habit to seize moments between working hours for 
 reading, and he read many a page while working, w.alking 
 or eating.” For a time he was employed in a woollen 
 factory in Barnesville, Ohio, hut apparently did not find 
 there an occupation harmonizing with his tastes and predi- 
 lections. His maiden speech before the public was de- 
 livered in Barnesville, during a debate on intemperance 
 and slaveiy; the following curt description gives it with 
 sufficient vividness : “He stood erect; bowed, looked at 
 the floor, looked at the judges, and finally exclaimed, ‘ It 
 won’t come out!’” P'ehruary 17th, 1842, he united with 
 the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in the following July 
 was appointed class-leader in Freeport. April loth, 1843, 
 he preached his initial sermon in the same place. In 1846 
 he was received into the Pittsburgh Conference, and since 
 that date has filled the following appointments : Browns- 
 ville, Ohio; Newport, Ohio ; Summerfield, Ohio ; Woods- 
 
 field, Washington and Cambridge, Ohio; Sonora and 
 Mormon island, California; Ninth Ward Mission (now 
 Trinity), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Hamline Chapel, Steu- 
 benville, Ohio; Canton, Ohio; Beaver Street, in Allegheny 
 City, Pennsylvania; Callao, Peru, South America; Free- 
 dom, Pennsylvania; Salem, Ohio; Beaver Street, Allegheny 
 City, Pennsylvania (a second time) ; District Secretaryship 
 of the Western Seamen's Friend Society; Corresponding 
 Secretaryship of the same ; Talcahuano, Chili, South 
 America (as missionary for the Union Missionary Society 
 of Valparaiso); and Barnesville, Ohio. He was also ap- 
 pointed missionary to Mexico, in January, 1874, but was 
 prevented from going to this field of labor by circumstances 
 beyond his control. His degree of D. D. he received in 
 1870 from the New Market College, Scio, Ohio. He has 
 travelled over seventy thousand miles in different journeys, 
 by land and sea, while his longest single trip was IVom 
 Talcahnano to New York, doubling Cape Horn. “ In 
 Chili there are no laws forbidding a Protestant minister to 
 perform the marriage ceremony ; for the laws assume that 
 he cannot marry. Nevertheless, for marrying a dying man, 
 to satisfy his conscience, he was prosecuted by the Bishop 
 of Concepcion, and, being committed to prison, was saved 
 from a probable irksome confinement only through the 
 timely action of the Prussian consul, who gave bonds in 
 his behalf. He could not be found guilty; but the costs 
 of proceedings, by the aid of a trick whose exposure and 
 defeat would have I'equired the possession of more power 
 and money than was within his control, were saddled upon 
 him; those costs, amounting to five hundred dollars, were 
 eventually paid by a circle of sympathizing friends.” He 
 remained in Chili for a period of five years, from 1868 to 
 1873. He has never disappointed a congregation; never 
 begun a service as much as five minutes beyond the time 
 set; on one occasion, having, through being on time, a con- 
 gregation consisting of but one man, he changed the text 
 and preached partly from “ Thou art the man.” He has 
 adopted three rules for mental culture, viz. : “ Never write 
 a word without examining its orthography, unless you 
 know how to spell it. Never pass a word in reading with- 
 out examining its pronunciation, unless you know how to 
 pronounce it. As a discipline for public speaking, strive, 
 in every conversation, to choose the fittest words, and to 
 cultivate correctness, naturalness and force, guarding 
 against imperfections in what may be called manner.” 
 The following analysis and generalization of his character 
 is taken from the writings of one who knows him well, L. 
 A. Fowler: He is favorably known for vigor of thought, 
 clearness of mind, strength of will, independence of spirit, 
 and desire to carry through his purposes in a masterly style. 
 At the same time he is slightly deficient in restraining 
 power, lacking the tact of softening the occasional asperity 
 of reproof and condemnation. Hyiiocrisy he has ever held 
 in utter horror. Armed with a large share of self-reliance, 
 he is always disposed to maintain his own position and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL Ex\CVCLOP.B;DIA. 
 
 31S 
 
 individuality, and seldom abandons purposes once fully 
 formed. He is very conscientious, and rather severe in his 
 judgments upon wrong-doers and unriglueous actions; and 
 is skeptical in the consideration of new theorems ; slow to 
 adopt new measures, or to take anything for granted. His 
 intellectual faculties exhibit a full degree of power, with a 
 predominance of the qualities that lead to analysis and 
 observation. He is definite, direct and quite clear in the 
 exercise of his mind on subjects admitting of comparison 
 of qualities and conditions, and is quick to note the rela- 
 tions of one subject to another. His favorite studies are 
 geography, theology and astronomy, while he is also keenly 
 interested m the study of human character and types. As a 
 lecturer he is w'idely and favorably known, his “ Three 
 Yearii in Peru” being specially noteworthy. He was mar- 
 ried in 1849 to Sarah A. Archbold, by wdiom he has had 
 four children, one son and three daughters; the former 
 died at school in Valparaiso, while preparing for the min- 
 istry ; his oldest daughter, Mary F. Swaney, is now’ teach- 
 ing in the Mount Vernon Seminary, Washington, District 
 of Columbia. 
 
 GOT, WILLIAM HENRY, retired Lumber Mer- 
 chant, w'as born, June nth, 1S03, in Sheffield, 
 Berkshire county, Massachusetts, and is a son 
 of the late Henry Root, of Sheffield tow'iiship, 
 (3 Lorain county, Ohio. He is of English descent 
 
 on his father’s side, his ancestors having emi- 
 grated from Great Chant parish, in the county of Kent, 
 England, in 1634, and settled in Salem, Massachusetts. 
 Colonel Aaron Root, his grandfather, w.as born, March 
 2lst, 1750, in Westfield, Massachusetts; he subsequently 
 removed to Sheffield, where Henry, father of William 
 Henry Root, was born. Henry Root married a Miss Day, 
 who was, according to the family genealogy, of Welsh 
 origin, and who trace their lineage back for a number of 
 centuries. It is a noteworthy fact that within the first 
 thirty years after the settlement of New England over 
 eighty persons bearing the name of Day are upon record. 
 William Henry Root attended school in Sheffield, Massa- 
 cliusetts, until he was twelve years old, at which time he 
 accompanied his father to the West, wdiere they settled in 
 what is now known as Sheffield township, Lorain county, 
 Ohio, but then belonging to Dover. The family w'as the 
 first to settle in the township, and consequently was obliged 
 to undergo the hardships incident to a pioneer life. The 
 nearest neighbor was at nine miles’ distance, and the neces- 
 saries of life were only to be obtained at a very high figure. 
 For the first year after their settlement both flour and salt 
 ruled at sixteen dollars per barrel. Less than fifty years 
 ago, that is in 1827, in the centre of the present town of 
 Amherst stood a solitary log cabin, wherein William Henrv 
 Root taught school. He subsequently engaged in the 
 lumber business, in which he continued, until within a few 
 
 years, at Black River, Ohio, being a member of the well- 
 known firm of Day, Root & Jones. He resides at present 
 on a farm at Sheffield Lake, in Lorain county. In pol- 
 itics, he adhered to the Whig party until its dissolution, and 
 thereafter cast in his lot with the Republicans. He was 
 elected Auditor of Lorain County in 1854, and held that 
 office until 1861. He has been twice married. His first 
 wife, to whom he was united in 1828, was Sarah Eliza 
 Case, of Erie county, Ohio. She died in 1833, leaving 
 three daughters. In 1834 he married F'anny Day, of Shef- 
 field, Oliio, who is the mother of three sons. Notwith- 
 standing he has passed tlie limit of three-score years and 
 ten he is vigorous and abounding in health, of an eminently 
 happy disposition, affable in his manners and a genial, 
 sociable companion. 
 
 LEMM, THEODORE, Mercliant, was born in 
 Heilbronn, Kingdom of Wurtemberg, Germany, 
 in 1S39, ami received his early education in 
 Stuttgard. He subsequently emigrated to Amer- 
 ica, and landed at New York, November 27th, 
 1853. He then found employment as a clerk in 
 a private banking house in Wall street — firm of Adolph 
 Klemm & Co. — where he remained until the failure of the 
 house, an event which occurred during the course of the 
 ensuing year. Matthew Johnson, Cashier of the Com- 
 mercial Bank, of Toledo, Ohio, then requested' him to take 
 a position in his bank as clerk, considerable business being 
 then done with the resident German population, wdiich 
 necessitated the use of an assistant as interpreter. After the 
 downfall of the Commercial Bank he accepted the position 
 of bookkeeper in the then new City Bank, George Hertzler, 
 Cashier. At the expiration of one year, however, he was 
 offered a good situation as bookkeeper with the firm of 
 Daniel Elston & Co., bankers, of Chicago, Illinois, with 
 whose offers he closed, and under whom he remained until 
 1857, the period of the panic in business circles, which 
 caused the failure of the house. He was then brought 
 accidentally into contact with W. J. Tuilay, of Toledo, 
 Ohio, who persuaded him to return to that city. He was 
 afterward employed by him as clerk in the brewery, then 
 newly started under the name of Millard & Co. At the 
 expiration of the original articles of partnership the brewery 
 was carried on by Tuilay & Wilder, he still managing as 
 principal office-man. Eventually Wilder’s interest was 
 purchased by Tuilay, and he, as a consequence, became 
 junior jiartner, with the firm-style of Tuilay & Klemm. 
 In March, 1874, he disposed of his interests in the brewery 
 and ’engaged in the wholesale fruit and oyster business, 
 which he still sustains with merited prosperity. He is a 
 stockholder also in the First National Bank and in the 
 .Second National Bank, of Toledo, and owns much valu- 
 able mining stock. He was elected by the Common 
 Council as Police Commissioner, and has once been elected 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 319 
 
 to the same position by the people, who recognize in him a 
 valuable and an upright citizen. P'or sixteen years he has 
 been a member of the Rubicon Lodge, of Toledo, Ohio. 
 He was married, September 26lh, 1866, to a daughter of 
 C. jM. Don, ex-Mayor of Toledo. 
 
 ARKALL, BENJAMIN, Merchant, was born, 
 Januaiy 6th, 1801, in Calvert county, Maryland, 
 and is of Scotch descent on his father’s side, his 
 paternal ancestry having left that country about 
 two centuries ago to settle in America. His 
 maternal grandfather was of English blood, was 
 n.amed Bond, had studied medicine in Philadelphia, and 
 had just gi-aduated there as doctor of medicine when he 
 was appointed Surgeon of the American portion of the 
 army under General Braddock, which was subsequently 
 defeated near Pittsburgh. After the retreat he returned to 
 Maryland and settled in Calvert county, where many of his 
 descendants continue to reside. Benjamin was educated 
 at Charlotte Hall College, Maryland, from which he gradu- 
 ated in 1817, and originally intended to study medicine ; 
 but in the autumn of that year he removed to Belmont 
 county, Ohio, where he commenced farming, and continued 
 in th.it avocation until 1828, when he engaged in mercantile 
 pursuits in Barnesville, and so continued until 1852. He 
 was elected the first Recorder of the incorporated village 
 of Barnesville, and, with a few exceptions, has been con- 
 nected ever since with the municipal government, filling at 
 various times the positions of Councilman, Clerk of the 
 Board, Recorder and Mayor. In 1839 he was elected a 
 Justice of the Peace, and, excepting a brief interval, has 
 served in that capacity ever since, and at present holds a 
 Justice’s commission and is also Clerk of the town. In 
 1845 elected to the State Senate, serving out his 
 
 term in that body; and previous to his election had served 
 as Postmaster for ten years, resigning from this position 
 when elected Senator. He was reappointed Postmaster in 
 1853, and resigned in 1861. In 1821 he was elected First 
 Lieutenant of a volunteer company, and became success- 
 ively Captain, Lieutenant-Colonel, full Colonel and Brigade 
 Major. He has always acted with the Democratic party, 
 polling his first vote for General Jackson, in 1824. He 
 was married in 1823 to Mary Pearce near Wheeling, 
 Virginia. 
 
 2 ^ PADDING, HON. RUFUS PAINE, Jurist and 
 
 .Statesman, was born. May 3d, 1798, at West 
 Tisbury, Massachusetts, and is the son of Dr. 1 
 Rufus Spalding, who was an able practitioner of j 
 medicine. He is of the seventh generation of | 
 old New Plngland stock, his lineal ancestor, [ 
 Edward Spalding, being a resident of Braintree, Massa - 1 
 
 chusetts, in 1640. When fourteen years of age he accom- 
 panied his father from Martha’s Vineyard to Norwich, 
 Connecticut, where the family settled. In 1817 he gradu- 
 ated from Yale College. He then entered the law office 
 of Chief-Justice .Swift, of Connecticut, and on his admission 
 to the bar was higlily complimented by his learned in- 
 structor on his proficiency. He went to Little Rock, 
 Arkansas, and opened an office with Samuel Dinsmore, 
 afterwards Governor of New Hampshire in 1820. In one 
 year and a half he removed to Trumbull county, Ohio, 
 settling at Warren, where he remained sixteen years. He 
 then removed to Ravenna, in the adjoining county of 
 Portage. He was at once recognized as a man of superior 
 abilities, and was elected as a Democrat to the House of 
 Representatives, in the State Legislature, by a majority 
 of one. During his term Summit was admitted as a 
 county, and he removed to its capital, Akron. In 1S41 he 
 was chosen again as a Representative, and on the organi- 
 zation of the House was made the Speaker. It was pro- 
 posed to repudiate the State debt; he took strong ground 
 against it, insisting that it would be both suicidal and dis- 
 graceful. John Brough aided him, and the scheme was 
 dropped. In 1848 the General Assembly elected him a 
 Judge of the Supreme Court of the State for the term of 
 seven years. When four years remained to be served the 
 new constitution was in force, and the office of Judge be- 
 came elective by the people. He refused to become a can- 
 didate. His opinions while on the bench are contained in 
 volumes xviii., xix. and xx. “Ohio Reports;’’ and are mod- 
 els of judicial literature. On leaving the bench he removed 
 to Cleveland and resumed the practice of law, and also took 
 an active part in the political movements of the day. He 
 had been trained a Democrat, but when the Fugitive Slave 
 law was enacted, in 1850, he abandoned the Democracy 
 and joined the Frce-Soil party, pledged to oppose the ex- 
 tension of slavery. He was a prominent delegate at the 
 Free-.Soil Convention, in 1852, which nominated John P. 
 Hale for the Presidency. When the Republican party was 
 organized he took an active part in the councils, was a 
 member of the first Republican convention, at Pittsburgh, 
 in 1856, and a delegate at large for the .State of Ohio at the 
 Philadelphia Convention, which nominated John C. Fre- 
 mont. In October, 1862, he was elected to Congress from 
 the Eighteenth District of Ohio. He was appointed a 
 member of the Standing Committee on Naval Affairs, and 
 of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions, and- on the 
 formation of a select committee on the bankrupt law he 
 was made its chairman. In 1864 he was re-elected to his 
 seat, and was made a member of the Committee on Appro- 
 priations, and retained his position as a member of the 
 Committee on Bankrujrtcy. In 1S66 he was chosen for a 
 third term in Congress, serving on the Committee on Ap- 
 propriations, the Committee on the Revision of the Laws 
 of the United .States and upon the Joint Committee on the 
 Library of Congress. With this, the Fortieth Congress, his 
 
320 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL Ei\*CYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 legislative career closerl, the duties being too onerous for 
 his advancing years. Several months before the time of 
 nomination, therefore, he wrote a letter to his constituents, 
 positively declining a nomination and announcing his pur- 
 pose to retire from public life. His Congressional record 
 was one of honor. He took part in all of the leading 
 debates, and with such effect that he received and held the 
 attention of the House whenever he olkained the floor, and 
 largely influenced its action. In his second term he took a 
 leading part in legislating for the reconstruction of the 
 Southern States. In the early days of the rebellion he 
 made a speech in which he indicated the measures he re- 
 garded as best adapted for the purpose, and the suggestions 
 he offered were subsequently adopted in the reconstruction 
 laws. The military features originated in an amendment 
 proposed by him when the first reconstruction bill of Thad- 
 deus Stevens was presented. In his closing term he was 
 somewhat independent of party ties; he took a promi- 
 nent part in the financial debates, and his .speeches at- 
 tracted attention in Congress and out. He also worked 
 faithfully in his committee rooms. No man ever suspected 
 him of bribery or corruption. He was faithful to the in- 
 terests of his district, and was noted for the patient industry 
 with which he attended to every wish of his constituents, 
 collectively or individually. After leaving Congre.ss he 
 returned to the practice of law. As a lawyer he was as 
 distinguished as he was as a statesman. His personal ap- 
 pearance and manner added to the effect of his arguments, 
 being dignified and impressive. In October, 1822, he was 
 married to Lucretia A. Swift, eldest daughter of Chief-Jus- 
 tice Ze[)haniah Swift, of Connecticut. .Seven children 
 were born of this marriage, of whom but three survive. In 
 January, 1859, he was married to his second wife, S. N. 
 I’ierson, of Windsor, Connecticut. 
 
 ONFIAM, PERRV' J., one of the leading Lawyers 
 of Cincinnati, was born on a farm in Clermont 
 county, Ohio, May 25th, 1822. His family is 
 one of the oldest and most worthy pioneer fam- 
 ilies of the .State, having emigrated from Penn- 
 sylvania and settled in Clermont county as early 
 as 1800. His father. Colonel J. S. Donham, was an officer 
 in the army during the war of 1812, and was present at the 
 siege of Fort Meigs. He became one of the first farmers 
 and large.st stock-raisers of Clermont county. A man of 
 fine personal and social habits, few men of his day stood so 
 high in the estimation of the community. In 1S56 he died, 
 leaving a fine est.ate and a family consisting of nine chil- 
 dren, four sons and five daughters, and their aged mother, 
 who was Elizabeth Ayres, of New Jersey, and who is 
 still living, active and healthy, at the advanced age of 
 eighty-one. The subject of this .sketch worked on the 
 farm .and went to school until the age of seventeen, when 
 
 he deliberately ran away from home and commenced the 
 world on his own account as a school teacher. Determined 
 to receive no assistance from home, he taught until he had 
 made money enough to pay his way at college. Accord- 
 ingly in 1841 he entered Jefferson College, Pennsylvania. 
 After leaving college he returned to his father’s farm, 
 where he remained for a year or two. Having for a long 
 time chosen the law for a profession, in 1846 he went to 
 Georgetown and began a course of legal study in the office 
 of General Thomas L. Hamar, where he remained until 
 that distinguished lawyer and soldier entered the army, in 
 the war with Mexico. In 1848 he was admitted to the 
 bar, but at once turned his attention to teaching, in order to 
 make money to buy a law library. This being accom- 
 plished, in 1849 he went to New Richmond and com- 
 menced practice. With flattering successes, he remained 
 in New Richmond until 1863, when he went to Ports- 
 mouth, where he practised three years with continued good 
 fortune. But still looking for a wider field, he removed to 
 Cincinnati in 1867. Since that time he has devoted his 
 entire attention to the duties of his profession. For several 
 years he has been especially concerned in corporation and 
 admiralty causes, in which he has gained a reputation as 
 one of the first men at the Cincinnati bar. During the 
 memorable Presidential contest of i860 Mr. Donham 
 stumped the southern part of the State for Douglas, and 
 w.as at various times connected with the movements of his 
 party. At this period he had acquired a reputation as a 
 public speaker to which few of his profession attain, and 
 which compelled him to give much of his time to address- 
 ing educational and other assemblies. When the rebellion 
 broke out he at once espoused the cause of the government, 
 and made many war speeches and in every possible way 
 advanced the interests of the country. Among some old 
 war records, consulted in connection with this .sketch, is a 
 speech made by Mr. Donham at New Richmond, immedi- 
 ately after the firing on Fort Sumter, which is so character- 
 istic of the man and the time that a few passages claim 
 insertion here. On being introduced he said : “ I am not 
 here for the purpose of making a speech. This is not the 
 time nor the occasion for speech-making. The public 
 mind is already overch.arged with excitement, and I do not 
 so much rise to speak of the necessity of action as I do to 
 advise calmness, the exercise of judgment and silent deter- 
 mination to do the thing most calculated to promote the 
 interests of our common country. ... I have no desire 
 to advance an opinion as to what cause led to this humil- 
 iating condition of the country, or even how the storm of 
 war might have been averted. We are now in the midst 
 of the dread calamity, and the philanthropist and patriot 
 turn their eyes to every quarter and exclaim. What is now 
 to be done for the salvation of the country? In answering 
 this great question I see but one course to be pursued : to 
 stand by the Union. ‘ United we stand, divided we fall.’ 
 This was the motto of great statesmen, adopted in moments 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 321 
 
 of calm reflection, and let us all now stand by it, when 
 agitation and commotion, like a mighty river, are sweeping 
 over our land. I .see before me hundreds who have hitherto 
 belonged to different political organizations, contending for 
 the supremacy of their favorite policy, but in this dread 
 moment I see but one party, whose hearts are throbbing by 
 one impulse, whose arms are directed to but one end ; and 
 that is the rescue of our common country. To that end let 
 us direct our energies, and upon that altar let our sacrifices 
 be laid. Let this once more be the prevalent feeling, 
 . . . and the tide of war will soon be stayed, desolation be 
 at an end, and then, and not till then, will the smiles of 
 prosperity once more rest on the heads of a happy nation.” 
 .Since the war Mr. Donham has had no party connection, 
 voting for men of both political organizations as he deems 
 them most worthy of his support. Although closely devoted 
 to his legal duties, he still finds leisure for literary pursuits, 
 and few men of his profession have a more extended range 
 of general knowledge. He has one of the finest general 
 and law libraries in the countiy. In 1851 he was married 
 to Sarah A. McClain, daughter of Captain William McClain, 
 one of the widest known and most esteemed steamboat men 
 of his time, and familiarly known as the “ Napoleon of the 
 Ohio.” In 1862 she died, leaving two daughters, Carrie 
 and Belle. These beautiful and accomplished daughters are 
 now the great care and pride of his life. This is a brief 
 sketch of a Christian lawyer; exemplary in all his private, 
 social and business habits; with a mind naturally keen, 
 clear and analytic, trained by long and varied culture; with 
 a mild and even temper, that renders him a genial com- 
 panion, and would characterize him in any deliberative 
 body; with the broadest and most kindly feelings towards 
 men in their successes and misfortunes ; devoted to his 
 profession, while finding in his family the quiet, unspoken 
 pride of his life. 
 
 WILLIAM THOMAS, Merchant, was 
 g \ \ I Itorn, December 28th, 1825, near the city of Dub- 
 / I I |l English and Welsh ancestry, 
 
 c / His education was attended principally by a pri- 
 t vate tutor until he was fourteen years of age, 
 
 when he entered a wholesale grocery and wine 
 merchant’s office in the town of Carlow as junior clerk, and 
 during the space of four years passed through the different 
 grades, until he became bookkeeper in the establishment. 
 In 1845 he left the house to assist his father in his business 
 .at Athy, in the county of Kildare, as he was in failing 
 health. His father having died in 1846, he closed up the 
 business, and accepted a position on the staff of the govern- 
 ment engineering department, then established to furnish 
 work for the relief of the destitute people, made so by the 
 failure of the potato crop. In this connection he rcrved as 
 Inspecting Officer and Surveyor of Work done on the pub- 
 lic works, until the partial abandonment of the service in the 
 
 41 
 
 summer of 1847. In the autumn of that year he emigrated 
 to the United States. The winter of 1S47-4S was a very 
 severe one, and he found himself unable to stand the cli- 
 mate ; and for the purpose of a change he enlisted in the 
 2d Regiment New York Volunteers, then serving in Mexico. 
 He left New York in January, 1848, with others to join the 
 regiment. After landing at Vera Cruz, he was detached for 
 special service as clerk in the hospital department at 
 Vera Cruz, where he remained until the close of the war. 
 He returned to New York with his regiment, and soon 
 thereafter sailed for England, where he passed the winter 
 of 1848-49, but left that country for the United States in the 
 fall of 1849. Soon after landinj in New York he went to 
 the West, and reaching Buffalo, effected an engagement as 
 foreman on the public works. He subsequently became 
 connected with the New York & Erie, the Erie & State 
 Line, the Buffalo & State Line, and the Buffalo & Canan- 
 daigua Railro.ads, as Foreman and Clerk, and on the latter 
 as Manager. In 1S53 he became bookkeeper for the house of 
 Chamberlin & Crawford, of Cleveland, in one of their branch 
 establishments on the Ohio river, at Rochester, rcnr.sylva- 
 nia, where he remained four years, part of the time as book- 
 keeper and part as resident manager of their transportation 
 business, which consisted of steamers, barges or keel-boats 
 on the Ohio, and canal-boats on the canal. In 1857, at the 
 solicitation of the senior partner of the house, who took a 
 great interest in him, he removed to Cleveland to act as 
 shipping clerk, by which means he could acquire a knowl- 
 edge of the mode of transacting lake business. He re- 
 mained in that office for one year, when he received the 
 appointment of Agent for the Northern Transportation Com- 
 pany at Toledo. lie built up very soon an immense traffic 
 for the line, and has continued to act for the line ever since. 
 In the meantime, however, he established a commission 
 business at Toledo, whicdi has been so far succe.ssful. He 
 takes a great interest in Freemasonry, having joined that 
 fraternity in 1853, at Rochester, Pennsylvania, being made 
 a Master Mason in Rochester Lodge, No. 229; a Royal 
 Arch Mason in Fort Meigs Chapter (Toledo), No. 29; and 
 a Royal and Select Master in Toledo Council, No. 33. He 
 is also a Knight Templar in Toledo Commandery, No. 7. 
 He has held several offices in the lodge, chapter and com- 
 mandery, and now has the honor of being Eminent Com- 
 mander of tbe Toledo Commandery, No. 7, one of the 
 finest and best in the State, composed as it is of the leading 
 business and professional men of the city. In addition to 
 these he is a member of the Orient of Cleveland, and of the 
 Ohio Consistory, at Cincinnati, “Ancient and Accepted 
 •Scottish Rite M.asons,” and has attained the thirty-second 
 degree. He is a member of the Protestant Episcopal 
 Church, worshipping at Trinity Church, Toledo, though, 
 during the lifetime of his first wife, he was a member with 
 her of the First Baptist Church of the same city. He has 
 been a patron of and believer in life insurance, and has in- 
 creased the amount of his policies contemporaneously with 
 
322 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 the increase of his family and as his ability permitted, and 
 in accordance with a settled belief that a man should make 
 provision for his family commensurate to the style of living 
 to which they have been accustomed, if at all possible. He 
 is not nor has he ever been a speculator, but believes in 
 steady labor as the best for all. His manners are rather re- 
 served until he becomes well acquainted with those he 
 meets. With his employes he is kind but stern, allowing 
 no idling of time, but making them follow the rules he laid 
 down for himself while young — to do everything, whether 
 it be little or much, to the best of his. ability, and to keep 
 employed during business hours, and to work for the inter- 
 ests of his employer. Through life he has been frequently 
 intrusted with offices in the Board of Trade and other insti- 
 tutions and associations. He is now a Director of the 
 Toledo Fire and Marine Insurance Company; also a Direc- 
 tor of the Toledo Masonic Temple Association. He lives 
 well and comfortably, but dislikes show either in himself or 
 family. The desire of his heart is to leave a name to his 
 children of being an honest Christian man, and a good and 
 true Mason. In this latter respect he desires to be found 
 faithful to the trust confided to him, and living and acting 
 with all men in accordance with the teachings and promises 
 he has made upon the altar of Freemasonry. He was mar- 
 ried in 1852 to Julia Barrill, of Evans, New York. She 
 died in 1870, leaving six children — four sons and two daugh- 
 ters — all of whom are living. In 1871 he was united in 
 marriage to Rose Jennings, of Adrian, Michigan, by whom 
 he has two children living, one son and one daughter. 
 
 ESSIOXS, FRANCES C., Merchant and Banker, 
 was born in South Wilbraham, Massachusetts, on 
 February 27th, 1820. His grandfather, Robert 
 Sessions, was a clerk in Boston in 1773, and was 
 one of the “forty or fifty” men whose exploit at 
 the celebrated Boston Tea Party is thus described 
 by, Bancroft : “ On an instant a shout was heard at the porch 
 (of the old South Church) ; the war-whoop resounded; a 
 body of men, forty or fifty in number, disguised as Indians, 
 passed by the door ; and, encouraged by Samuel Adams, 
 Hancock, and others, repaired to Griffin’s wharf, . . . took 
 possession of three teaships, and in about three hours, three 
 hundred and forty chests of tea, being the whole quantity 
 that had been imported, were emptied into the bay, without 
 the least injury to other property.” His ancestor was sub- 
 sequently called to fill important official positions. He 
 married Mary Ruggles (whose brother was United States 
 Senator from Ohio during three terms — eighteen years), and 
 died at the age of eighty-five. The father of Francis C. 
 Sessions, Francis Sessions, was born in South Wilbraham, 
 Massachusetts, married Sophronia Metcalf, of Lebanon, Con- 
 necticut, and died at the age of thirty. His widow lived to 
 be eighty years old, and was a woman of remarkable physi- 
 
 cal and mental vigor which she retained almost to the last. 
 Francis C. Sessions attended in succession the academies of 
 Suffield, Westfield, Wilbraham and Monson. The failure 
 of his health preventing him from entering college, as he 
 had intended doing, he visited Ohio in the fall of 1840, and 
 the following year accepted a clerkship in a store in Colum- 
 bus. In 1843 entered into a copartnership under the 
 form of Ellis, Sessions & Co., in the dry-goods business. 
 Purchasing the interest of his partners after two years, he 
 continued the business on his own account until 1856, when 
 he disposed of his store and engaged in the wool trade. In 
 1869 he became one of the proprietors and the President of 
 the Commercial Bank. Throughout the whole term of the 
 late civil war Mr. Sessions spent a large part of his time in 
 the service of the Sanitary Commission. He made the 
 memorable trip to Fort Donelson, and to quote from the 
 records of the Commission concerning him, “ went to Pitts- 
 burgh Landing immediately after the battle, where he was 
 connected with the great work accomplished in the care of 
 the sick and wounded during the spring and early summer 
 of 1862. He went with Dr. Smith to Murfreesboro’ upon 
 the occasion of the battle of Stone River; visited Virginia 
 during the second campaign in that State, as well as most 
 other important points in our field of operation ; always as 
 an earnest, hard-working, good Samaritan.” The report of 
 the Commission further records that “ the establishment and 
 success of the Columbus (Soldiers’) Home are in a large 
 degree due to the efforts of Mr. F. C. .Sessions, a member 
 of the Columbus Branch of the Sanitaiy Commission, a 
 gentleman who was one of the earliest volunteers in the 
 cause of humanity called out by the war, and who, during 
 its entire continuance, by his labors on battle-fields, in 
 camps and hospitals, while he sacrificed his personal inter- 
 ests and his health, won for him the admiration and respect 
 of all who knew him. His name frequently appears on 
 the records of the work of the Sanitary Commission at the 
 West, in which, though an unpaid, he was a most earnest 
 and faithful worker. Throughout the existence of the Home 
 at Columbus, Mr. Sessions gave it his constant supervision, 
 and was in fact its outside superintendent and manager.” 
 Mr. Sessions has held many benevolent and educational 
 trusts ; has been a Trustee of Marietta College, of the 
 Hannah Neil Mission, and of the Ohio Institution for the 
 Blind. The erection of the magnificent new Blind Asylum 
 was intrusted to the supervision of himself and Henry C. 
 Noble. He has contributed not a little to the growth of 
 Columbus in the building of business blocks and numerous 
 middle-class houses. He has at different times acted as 
 Director and President of manufacturing enterprises. He 
 was one of the original members of the Third Presbyterian 
 Church, and subsequently of the First Congregational 
 Church, Columbus. Of the latter he is still a Deacon, and 
 has from its inauguration contrilnited very largely of his 
 labor anil treasure to its prosperity. He was for many years 
 an enthusiastic and successful superintendent of its .Sunday 
 
BIOGRAPIIICAL EXCYCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 3=3 
 
 school, and long acted as a trustee of its ecclesiastical so- 
 ciety. The truth of the .Scriptural declaration, “ There is 
 that scattereth and yet increaseth,” has been vindicated in 
 his history ; for, while he has constantly practised the most 
 munificent liberality, he has accumulated a large fortune. 
 He married Mary Johnson, daughter of Orange Johnson, 
 of Worthington, Ohio, August i8th, 1847. 
 
 IJENNISON, IION. WILLIAM, ex-Governor of 
 Ohio, was born in Cincinnati, December 23d, 
 1815. lie was descended on his mother’s side 
 from a New England family. His father, a native 
 of New Jersey, emigrated to Ohio and became a 
 successful business man in the Miami valley. 
 William was graduated from the Miami University in 1835. 
 In political science, history and belles lettres, his scholarship 
 ranked high. After leaving college he became a student in 
 the law office of Nathaniel G., father of George H. Pendle- 
 ton, at Cincinnati. He was admitted to the bar in 1840, and 
 •soon thereafter married a daughter of William Neil, of 
 Columbus, Ohio, and a well-known citizen of the State. 
 Removing to Columbus, he applied himself with energy to 
 the practice of his profession for several years, when, in 
 1848, he was elected to the Senate on the Whig ticket, from 
 the district composed of the counties of Franklin and Dela- 
 ware. Politics in the State were at fever-heat at this time, 
 and a desperate struggle was being made for the control of 
 the Legislature. In the upper House the new .Senator was 
 nominated for the .Speakership by his party, and came very 
 near being elected. The contest, however, gave him con- 
 siderable prominence in politics, and he at once became as- 
 sociated with many reforms in the statutes. Among these 
 may be mentioned the repeal of the law forbidding blacks 
 and mulattoes the privilege of residence in the State, or of 
 testifying in the courts. For nearly half a century this law 
 was a reproach upon the intelligence of the law-makers of 
 Ohio. He warmly advocated the abolition of the slave 
 trade in the District of Columbia, and early took a decided 
 stand in opposition to the extension of sLavery. In the 
 spring of 1850, his senatorial term having expired, he re- 
 sumed his law practice and abandoned political life for a 
 time. He was a Presidential Elector in 1852, and cast his 
 vote for General Scott. About this time he accepted the 
 Presidency of the Exchange Bank of Columbus, and also 
 began to turn his attention to the railroad enterprises of the 
 West. He was chosen President of the Columbus & Xenia 
 Railroad, and from that time forth became actively engaged 
 as director in all railway lines centring at Columbus. With 
 the formation of the Republican party he became one of the 
 most prominent members of th.at organization ; was a dele- 
 gate to the Pittsburgh Convention, and in June, 1856, took 
 an influential part in the convention that nominated John C. 
 Fremont for the Presidency. In 1859 he was nominated by 
 
 his party for Governor of Ohio, and entered into a debate 
 with his distinguished opponent. Judge Rufus P. Ranney. 
 He was elected by a considerable majority, although his 
 views upon vital questions were far in advance of those of his 
 party and the greater portion of the voters of the State. He 
 succeeded S.almon P. Chase as Governor in i860. In his 
 inaugural he dwelt upon the stdte of political affairs, said 
 that Ohio was unmistakably opposed to the extension of 
 slavery, and spoke of the machinations of politicians of the 
 pro-slavery type. In his first mess.age to the General, As- 
 sembly in January, 1861, he dwelt upon the progress Ohio 
 was making in the arts of peace, reviewed the financial con- 
 dition of the Stale, and recommended the continuance of the 
 State banking system. Turning to the discussion of the all- 
 absorbing topic of the hour — the menacing attitude of the 
 South — he declared the position of Ohio was now the same 
 as it was in 1832, when her Legislature resolved: “That 
 the Federal Union exists in a solemn compact, entered into 
 by the voluntary consent of the people of the United States, 
 and of each and evei'y Stale, and that, therefore, no State 
 can claim the right to secede from or violate that compact ; 
 and however grievous may be the supposed or real burdens 
 of a State, the only legitimate remedy is the wise and faith- 
 ful exercise of the elective franchise, and a solemn respon- 
 sibility of the public agents.” He concluded the message 
 with an emphatic declaration that, loyal as Ohio had always 
 been to the Constitution, she would maintain that loyally, 
 come what might. When war became a stern reality, the 
 Governor threw all his energies into the contest for the 
 preservation of the Union, and was a devoted friend and 
 wise counsellor of the government until the last rebel had 
 laid down his arms. Called upon to face an emergency 
 wholly unprecedented in the history of the country, he never 
 wavered nor hesitated. Plis pure and lofty patriotism sus- 
 tained him under all trials, and, ever showing himself ready 
 to spend and be spent in his country’s service, he laid 
 during his administration the foundations, broad and deep, 
 upon which Ohio’s magnificent war record rests. As in the 
 case of all statesmen who have so borne themselves as to 
 become a shining mark, he has not escaped criticism ; but 
 the voice of the critic has been lost in the general approba- 
 tion and gratitude of his State and country. When the Gov- 
 ernor of Kentucky responded to the President’s call for volun- 
 teers, “ I say emphatically that Kentucky will furnish no troops 
 for the wicked purpose of subduing her sister Southern States,’ 
 the loyal Ohio Governor immediately telegraphed the War 
 Department, “ If Kentucky will not fill her quota, Ohio will 
 fill it for her! ” In less than a fortnight enough Ohioans 
 had offered their services to have filled the quota of nearly 
 three States! In sixteen days after the call, official an- 
 nouncement was made that there were enough volunteers 
 from Ohio to fill the entire call of the President. In a glow 
 of e.rthusiasm the Governor once said, “ Ohio must lead 
 throughout the war,” and whatever may be the opinion of 
 her sister .States, citizens of Ohio believe that her record was 
 
324 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 ever in keeping with the Governor’s boast. In pursuance 
 of this laudable ambition, Ohio troops drove the rebels out 
 of western Virginia, thus securing to the loyalists there in 
 time the benefits of a separate State government. This 
 salvation of western Virginia must be placed to the credit 
 of Governor Dennison, and it was accomplished by Ohio 
 militia, not United States volunteers. It was the gift of Ohio 
 to the nation at the outset of the war, and was never entirely 
 wrested from it any time during the war. When the national 
 bank system of Mr. Chase was first proposed it met with a 
 protest from the Governor, but he afterward withdrew his 
 opposition and declared in favor of the policy. After his 
 term as Governor he became the adviser and trusted coun- 
 sellor of his successor. He became a national favorite, and 
 one of the strongest “ Union ” speakers in the land. He 
 was President of the convention that renominated Abraham 
 Lincoln, and when Montgomery Blair retired from the 
 Postmaster-Generalship he was called to the Cabinet as his 
 successor. He was retained by Andrew Johnson, but re- 
 signed his portfolio when the new President defined his 
 “ policy,” and returned to his home in Columbus, where he 
 passed several years in the retirement of private life. He 
 is a man of dignified presence, courtly and elegant in man- 
 ner, and a master of the deportment of the first society, in 
 which he moves. In 1875 appointed a member of 
 
 the commission to examine into the financially entan- 
 gled affairs of the District of Columbia, and he has 
 succeeded in bringing something like order out of this 
 chaos. 
 
 rOJpS 
 
 ® ’^-^OLLIN.S, GENERAL RICHARD, was born in 
 New Jersey, I''ebruary 22(1, 1796. He was lib- 
 erally educated. Being determined to be inde- 
 pendent, at an early age he got employment as a 
 deputy clerk in the old stone Court House at 
 Williamsburg, Clermont county, Ohio, before 
 Batavia became the county-seat. He studied law with John 
 McLean (in 1814 and 1815), who was then a member of 
 Congress from Ohio; was admitted to practise by the Su- 
 preme Court of the State at Cincinnati in 1816, and imme- 
 diately removed to Hillsborough, Highland county, Ohio. 
 As an assistant to Judge Bell in the clerk’s office, and as 
 Prosecuting Attorney of the county, he came at once into 
 notice, and thence from 1818 to 1832 practised his profession 
 with great success throughout southern Ohio. The people 
 of Highland, Brown, Adams, Clermont and Ross counties 
 still remember, either from personal knowledge or tradition, 
 his sparkling wit, genius, talent and eloquence; nor does it 
 seem to become dimmed or obscured by time. General 
 Collins represented Highland county successively in both 
 branches of the Legislature from 1820 to 1825, and was a 
 member of that body when the canal and school systems 
 were first inaugurated. He was a Whig in politics, and was 
 defeated for Congress in 1S26 owing to a division of the 
 
 Adams vote among three candidates, but led that ticket. 
 He persistently declined the race afterwards, although an 
 election was assured. Indeed he seemed to have little taste 
 for official honor or its emoluments, and at the time men- 
 tioned, although he had few equals in the State as a lawyer 
 and orator, refused all contests for political position. Had 
 he devoted himself to politics and statesmanship, his pure 
 character, noble bearing, polished and effective eloquence, 
 and his remarkable sagacity and wisdom, would have raised 
 him to a high place in the councils of the nation. General 
 Collins was married in 1823 to Mary Ann Armstrong, eldest 
 daughter of John Armstrong, one of the earliest as well as 
 most enterprising merchants of Maysville, Kentucky. He 
 removed to that city about 1830, and formed a business con- 
 nection with his father-in-law in the wholesale dry-goods 
 trade, and about the same time started a wholesale queens- 
 ware house with George Collings and Levi Sparks, of West 
 Union, who invested in Maysville. He thus relinquished, 
 in consequence of his matrimonial connections in Kentucky, 
 the exciting pursuits of law and statesmanship in Ohio for 
 the calm and profitable operations of commerce, although 
 for some years afterwards he continued to attend the Ohio 
 courts in important cases. Gencr.al Collins became at once 
 a man of mark in his adopted State, and Kentuckians im- 
 mediately recognized in the unassuming merchant a man of 
 naturally superior intellect, cultivated and refined by educa- 
 tion. They found his judgment clear, acute, practical and 
 discriminating ; his taste exquisite and his manners fa.scinat- 
 ing. In addition to this, he possessed that gift so highly 
 prized everywhere, and especially in Kentucky, a brilliant 
 and captivating style of elocution admirably adapted to con- 
 ciliate, persuade and convince. He could not fail, then, to 
 acquire distinction, as he did, in any line of life he chose to 
 move. He represented Mason county, Kentucky, in the 
 Kentucky Legislature three times — 1834, 1S44 and 1847. 
 He was nominated and elected on each occasion without 
 solicitation, and refused a re-election each time. He more 
 than once refused to make the race for Congress in the old 
 Tenth District of Kentucky, when his nomination w.as sought 
 and tendered him, and when his popularily would have 
 beaten down all opposition. General Collins achieved a 
 handsome fortune, a large portion of which consisted of 
 real estate in Maysville, Kentucky, and of lands in Cler- 
 mont county, Ohio. He took great interest in his adopted 
 city, and for fifteen years, from 1S35 to 1850, was President 
 of the City Council, in which position his rare abilities, his 
 moderation and his self-command enabled him to render 
 the most useful and efficient services. He was the first 
 President of the Maysville Sc Lexington Railroad from 
 1850 to 1853, and at his resignation left that enterjirise on a 
 safe and assured footing. He removed to the old family 
 homestead in Ohio, in Clermont county, in 1853, a fine 
 patriarchal estate, purchased by him of his relatives. Here 
 he p.assed the last years of his existence in the bosom of an 
 affectionate family, consisting of his mother, brothers and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 325 
 
 children, to whom he was tenderly attached, and where he 
 dispensed a liberal and elegant hospitably to hosts of culti- 
 vated friends. General Collins died May 12th, 1855, re- 
 maining to the last the same dignified and true-hearted 
 gentleman. His death called out deep expressions of sorrow 
 from the press and wherever he was known. Rarely in- 
 deed has there been seen such exhibitions of genuine regret. 
 It was said of him that, unswayed by party or prejudice, few 
 could resist his logic, while he conciliated and persuaded ; 
 if he indulged in sarcasm, that most dangerous of weapons, 
 it was keener than a Damascus blade, never rough nor jag- 
 ged ; his wit was exuberant and irresistible, and as a social 
 compaHion none surpassed him. The example of his father 
 upon such a son could not but produce the most gratifying 
 fruits in the season of ripening, and General Collins died 
 with all the firmness and triumphant joy of spirit which the 
 Christian’s hope can atone impart. His last audible words, 
 uttered in full view of immediate death, but in full assurance 
 of a blissful immortality, were among the most characteristic 
 and sublime that have signalized the dying moments of the 
 heroic great — they were : “ This, my daughter, is the greatest 
 day of all my life.” He was the personal and trusted inti- 
 mate friend of Henry Clay, Thomas Ewing and Thomas 
 Corwin. Among the contemporaries of General Collins at 
 the bar were Thomas Morris, O. T. Fishback, Joshua Sill, 
 Thomas L. Hamer, Moses Kirby, and other noted names in 
 southern Ohio and among the rising men who have since 
 become distinguished were Nelson Barrere, General J- J- 
 McDowell, J. H. Thompson, George Collings, James Sloane 
 and others who have reflected honor on the profession. 
 Richard Collins, both from early education as well as an 
 inherent sense of justness in his nature, was opposed to the 
 institution of slavery. He was not an abolitionist in a party 
 sense, but held to the doctrine of Mr. Clay and Governor 
 Metcalf of Kentucky in favor of emancipation and coloniza- 
 tion by State action, and such aid from the general govern- 
 ment and private philanthropists as could be secured. He 
 was an active member of what was known as the Coloniza- 
 tion Society, and contributed largely of his time, means and 
 influence to that cause. His own slaves (of which he held 
 a large number in Kentucky) he emancipated in 1853 with 
 the full approbation of his family, and furnished all of them 
 homes, means of support and employment, thus reducing the 
 then value of his estate several thousand dollars, and fur- 
 nishing a practical illustration of belief in his own doctrines. 
 But with political abolitionism he had no affiliation on the 
 one hand, nor with the radical Southern view on the other. 
 Many of his old slaves clung to the family after the death 
 of General Collins, until his children became separated, and 
 then wandered to various places, at least four of them achiev- 
 ing success and becoming good citizens. The last appear- 
 ance of General Collins in public life was in the Court 
 House at B.itavia, Ohio, and was at the solicitation of an 
 old farmer who had got involved in a slander trouble, and 
 insisted upon the General helping him out on the score of 
 
 old friendship, which he agreed to do, although then in very 
 feeble health. This occurred but a few months before his 
 death. The scene was thus described by J. R. S. Bond, 
 then editor of the Clennont Courier : 
 
 “ We are aware that the General will not thank us for the 
 allusion, but we cannot refrain horn adverting to one of the 
 most notable events incident upon the sitting of the late 
 term of court. It is known to most of our readers that the 
 General has for some years retired from the practice of his 
 prolession, but it being rumored that he was to appear for 
 an old friend in a case in court, under circumstances to lend 
 interest to the occasion, the court-room was at once cron ded 
 to excess. Standing-room even was at a pren.ium. The 
 General, in his quiet but pertinent and forcible manner, 
 addressed the jury, reviewing the particulars of the case with 
 a minuteness which evinced that the old fire was yet left in 
 the flint ; and his closing speech was rarely, if ever, sur- 
 passed for keen satire, salient wit and richness in classical 
 quotation. So did it abound in all that constitutes eloquence, 
 that many times did the crowd about him (even including 
 court and jury) sympathize in his sallies of humor and in the 
 deep pathos of his manner, both by oulbur.sts of laughter and 
 lines of displeasure dejjicted upon their countenances. Gen- 
 eral Collins, by his urbanity belore a jury, and his courtesy 
 toward opposing counsel, presented a striking contrast be- 
 tween the absence of those amenities w hich too often obtain 
 in the contests which arise in the practice of the taw. The 
 effect of such a jrerformance as that of General Collins be- 
 fore a jury we hope may not be lost upon the younger mem- 
 bers of the bar.” 
 
 A distinguished gentleman of southern Ohio wrote of 
 him shortly after his death : 
 
 “ It was our privilege and our pleasure to see much of the 
 ‘old man eloquent’ during his last illness. Although his 
 body was but a shadow, his heart was as warm and his in- 
 tellect flashed as brilliantly as ever in Ids palmiest hours. 
 His mind revelled with the poets, and Shakspeare was ever 
 upon his tongue. Calm and serene in temper, death did not 
 surprise, nor was he unwelcome. M e called upon him a 
 few days before his last, and seated our son, a boy of twelve 
 years, on a sofa at the foot of his bed. '1 he General’s watch- 
 ful eye soon lighted upon him; ‘Whose boy?’ he said. 
 W'e informed him. He replied: ‘Why not present him 
 to me?’ We spoke of his debility as our excuse. ‘In- 
 troduce him,’ said the General. W e did so. He took his 
 hand, and, raising his voice, said, looking him in the eye: 
 ‘ My boy! look upon the calm, serene rays of the setting 
 sun; then turn and look upon the bright, burning, gorgeous 
 ! rays of some rising sun, and say which is most beautiful! ’ 
 This was said in that slow, expressive, inimitable tone which 
 he only of all living men whom we ever knew could best 
 employ. General Collins has left no superior in all those 
 qualities of mind and heart which adorn the gentleman and 
 the man ; it is therefore not strange that his decease should 
 have called out such sentiments of honor to his memory and 
 sympathy for his family.” 
 
 The house in which General Collins resided in Hillsbor- 
 ough, corner of High and Beech streets, has been long since 
 ! torn away, and its place supplied by a splendid Masonic 
 temple, an ornament to southern Ohio. The old homestead 
 has been divided and passed into strangers’ hands, and the 
 children have become widely separated, yet his memory 
 
326 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 will linger in tradition long after all other memorials have 
 passed away. It is not possible here to trace in detail the 
 many events of a busy life. In the “Annals of Kentucky” 
 will be found many allusions to the public life of General 
 Collins in that State, alike creditable to his character. 
 Among others, his canvass for Mr. Clay in 1S44; his wel- 
 coming address to John Quincy Adams at Maysville the 
 same year; and his refusal of the Whig caucus nomination 
 for United States Senator in 1847 for the sake of party har- 
 mony. His success in procuring an act of the Kentucky 
 Legislature removing the county-seat from Washington to 
 Maysville is a remarkable tribute to the power of words well 
 directed. It had been defeated in three successive Legisla- 
 tures, and seemed hopeless. Again in 1848 it was beaten 
 by the decisive vote in the House of 67 to 30. General 
 Collins was appealed to. He made a single speech to the 
 Committee on Propositions and Grievances of an hour’s 
 length. The tables were turned. A reconsideration was 
 had, and the act passed the House with only four dissenting 
 votes, and a few days later passed the Senate with but two 
 votes against. In November, 1844, John Quincy Adams 
 visited Maysville. At the request of the citizens, an address 
 of welcome was made to him by General Collins, who, 
 among other things, said : 
 
 “ You, sir, have placed Kentucky under deep and lasting 
 obligations for your noble defence of her great statesman in 
 your letter to the W’higs of New Jersey.” 
 
 To which Mr. Adams made this memorable reply, now 
 part of the political history of the country : 
 
 “ I thank you, Mr. Collins, for the opportunity you have 
 given me of speaking of the great statesman who was asso- 
 ciated with me in the administration of the general govern- 
 ment, at my earnest solicitation — who belongs not to Ken- 
 tucky alone, but to the whole Union, and is not only an 
 honor to his State and this nation, but to mankind. The 
 charges to which you refer I have — after my term of service 
 had expired and it was proper for me to speak — denied be- 
 fore the whole country. And I here. General Collins, be- 
 fore you and this large assemblage of living witnesses, reit- 
 erate and reaffirm that denial ; and as I expect shortly to 
 appear before my God to answer for the conduct of my 
 whole life, should those charges have found their way to 
 the throne of eternal justice, I will in the presence of 
 Omnipotence pronounce them false.” 
 
 Johnson, Ferdinand, Merchant, was bom in 
 
 the interior of Norway, April l6th, 1S22. Until 
 his eighteenth year was attained he remained 
 with his parents, finding occupation in the interim 
 in working at the cabinet-making and building 
 trade. The three ensuing years were spent 
 travelling as an itinerant journeyman; and while in his 
 twenty-third year he became a master-mechanic in his vo- 
 cation — an unusual honor for one so young, and one which 
 
 gave him the honorable title of the “ youngest master- 
 mechanic in the Republic.” In 1843 entered into busi- 
 ness on his own account as a cabinet-maker, and sustained it 
 until 1845, when he emigrated to America, landing at New 
 York after a tedious voyage of six weeks. During the fol- 
 lowing year he worked as a journeyman cabinet-maker, and 
 passed the succeeding six years in piano-forte making with 
 the firm of Munce & Clark. He then moved to the West, 
 and settled in Toledo, Ohio, where, after passing through a 
 year of sickness, he commenced the grocery business, with 
 a starting capital of sixteen dollars — on the site of his present 
 building, at the corner of Logan and St. Clair streets. Dur- 
 ing the past twenty-two years he has devoted his time and 
 attention mainly to his business, and secured great pros- 
 perity through integrity in all things, great and small, 
 through well-directed enterprise and through skilful busi- 
 ness tactics. His name is to-day a synonyme for success 
 and probity, and as a merchant he takes high rank. He has 
 built several large business houses and residences, and his 
 home and trade establishment are superb and costly edifices. 
 His political convictions are expressed in general terms in 
 the doctrines of the Democratic party. His initial vote was 
 cast in favor of Pierce in 1852. He was married, July 4th, 
 1847, Clara L. Whittaker, in the old house in which 
 Washington made his farewell address to his soldiers. 
 
 ' OLBY, JONAS, M. D., was born, December 20th, 
 1806, in the town of Henniker, New Hampshire. 
 .His jjarents, Levi and Betsey Colby, were of Eng- 
 lish descent, and farmers by occupation ; with 
 them he remained until the age of eighteen, labor- 
 ing on the farm and attending the district school 
 during winters. Then he left the farm to devote his time 
 to education, and graduated from the medical' department 
 of Dartmouth College, in his native State, in 1829. Imme- 
 diately after he commenced the practice of medicine and 
 surgery in the town of Bradford, New Hampshire, continu- 
 ing it for three years. In 1832 he emigrated to Ohio, and 
 located in October of that year at Defiance, where he has 
 pursued the practice of his profession to the present time. 
 In early years he encountered all manner of difficulties and 
 hardships, being the only practising physician for several 
 years within fifty miles of the place. In 1837 the doctor 
 was married to Almira Hull, of Maumee City, who was the 
 first white child born in the Maumee valley. The same 
 year he was appointed Postmaster of Defiance, and served 
 during the administration of Martin Van Buren. At the 
 time the doctor located at Defiance the countiy was new 
 and inhabited mainly by Indians, who contributed largely 
 to the trade of the town until 1839, when they emigrated 
 West to the Indian Territory, now Kansas, in charge of the 
 Hon. R. A. Forsythe, Agent, Dr. Colby accompanying them 
 as physician and surgeon, having the charge of about 50c 
 

 
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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP/EDIA 
 
 327 
 
 for five months without losing an individual. During the 
 same year he was appointed Associate Judge for Williams 
 county, in which office he served five years. The doctor 
 in his early years was an active politician of the Jackson 
 school, though never desiring for himself office, that would 
 interfere materially with the duties of his profession. Dur- 
 ing the late civil war he supported the administration in 
 such capacity as his health would permit ; was Chairman of 
 a military committee during the war; was appointed Ex- 
 amining Surgeon for his county, for exemptions from mili- 
 tary duty; was commissioned Military Surgeon with the 
 rank of Major for three years, by Governor Brough, and 
 subsequent to the war was Examining Surgeon for Pensions. 
 
 -^ALLOWAV, HON. SAMUEL, was born, March 
 20th, 1811, at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. His 
 
 youth was spent in his native village, and just 
 before his majority and very soon after the death 
 of a most worthy father, he removed to the State 
 of Ohio, to make his home among relatives in 
 Highland county. From his home he entered Miami. Uni- 
 versity, Oxford, passed through the curriculum of study and 
 graduated with distinguished honor in the class of 1833. 
 In his college associations were men who have since 
 attained to prominence in professional and political careers. 
 His eminence was not in mere text-book scholarship, but 
 he added to this the broader attainments that foreshadowed 
 his future success as teacher, orator and leader. On leav- 
 ing college he at once, in accordance with tastes that were 
 the outgrowth of temperament and mental characteristics, 
 and no doubt early fostered by daily intimacy with his dis- 
 tinguished townsman, Thaddeus Stevens, for whom he 
 entertained profound admiration, entered upon the study 
 of law at Hillsborough. In the midst of these studies he 
 became deeply impressed with the obligations of religion, 
 and promptly abandoning his law stiulies, he was entered 
 as a student of theology, at Princeton, New Jersey. At the 
 end of a year the bent of nature, the strong bias of taste 
 and temperament, so obviously unfitting him for the pro- 
 prieties and the rigid decorum of the pulpit, but so clearly 
 drifting him to the bar and the political arena, asserted 
 their rule and carried him back to the law. He did not at 
 once complete his legal studies, but accepted for a term the 
 chair of Greek in his Alma Mater, Miami University, and 
 went from there to .South Hanover, Indiana, to enter upon 
 the congenial pursuits of literature and language. His 
 success as a teacher in these departments is attested by 
 most competent colleagues, who expressed the deepest 
 regret at losing him from the faculty. His attainments in 
 cla.ssical literature were thorough and extensive, rendering 
 him an elegant scholar, and a graceful and ready writer. 
 He soon renewed and completed his preparation for the 
 bar, during which time he became intimately and zealously 
 
 identified with the temperance agitation, which awoke the 
 public sentiment to the necessity of an organized reform, 
 and was styled the Washingtonian movement. By con- 
 stant example, fervid speech, and active work, he promoted 
 this much needed movement. In 1843 he began the prac- 
 tice of law with Nathaniel Massie, in Chillicothe. He 
 made his maiden speech at Hillsborough, in the presence 
 of several of the most distinguished members of the bar of 
 southern Ohio. All gave him high commendation for this 
 effort, the jury according him the verdict without leaving 
 their seats; and such was the impression upon the mind of 
 the Hon. Thomas L. Hamer, who was present, that he 
 said : '■ Galloway, retire with your laurels : you will never be 
 able, in any future effort, to equal or surpass this.” During 
 this year he was chosen, by the State Legislature, Secretary 
 of State, and removing to Columbus, he entered upon the 
 duties of his office, with the added responsibility of Com- 
 missioner of Common Schools. From his known zeal in 
 the interests of education, popular and collegiate, he was 
 expected to inaugurate some system that would place them 
 upon a sure basis, and carry out, to some large and pro- 
 ductive results, the liberal contributions of its citizens. He 
 had, in his association with the Hon. Horace Mann and 
 other distinguished teachers of the country, who made up 
 that noble body of talent, zeal, and power, the Western 
 College of Teachers, become fully inspired with the weighty 
 interests and grand results that hung upon educating the 
 people of the State that had in charge its destinies. Pro- 
 fessor Calvin E. Stowe had returned from Europe reporting 
 the best system of education there ; and the friends of a 
 popular .system hailed the election of the new secretary, as 
 one to aid in carrying out their great aims. In his first 
 report he began arranging the chaotic materials found in the 
 crude, imperfect, and very partial reports of the county 
 auditors and local school boards. In his second report 
 great advances were made, and great interest developed in 
 the popular mind, especially in the organization of teachers 
 in institutes, and the management of schools under the 
 supervision of district or county superintendents. P'rom 
 these labors, accomplished under many difficulties and 
 obstructions in his personal visitations, special correspond- 
 ence, vigorous pleas, and legislative importunities, can be 
 dated some of the most important results bearing on popular 
 education in Ohio. Institutes were organized at several 
 points, over which Mr. Galloway presided, and at which he 
 delivered stirring addresses. No great question that in- 
 volved principle or popular rights could be presented that 
 would not enlist a temperament so ardent and a mind so 
 discriminating. Hence, when the greatest of all national 
 questions, slavery, loomed up in 1832 and 1840, he promptly 
 and decidedly ranged himself in the anti-slavery ranks, 
 though he was never identified with what was called the 
 “ Liberty party.” His attachment was with the old rather 
 than the new, here as well as elsewhere ; and with patriotic 
 conservatism he did not sutider the tie that bound him to 
 
328 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL E^XYCLO^.EDIA. 
 
 the old Whig party, to which, in political faith, he had 
 always been devoted. In the conventions and councils of 
 this party he was an acknowledged leader. From the very 
 outset of his political career he began to make his mark. 
 In the days when such men as Ewing, Corwin, Stanbury, 
 and others were recognized leaders, though much younger, 
 his gifts of speech and pen were none the less noted and 
 effective. And here it may be said that it was, perhaps, as 
 the living speaker he is most vividly recalled by those who 
 had the privilege of knowing him. In this department he 
 had few equals ; none, who had ever heard him, can ever 
 forget the power of his eloquence. No description can 
 convey a just idea of his manner or style. His efforts were 
 unequal, often affected by a depressed nervous system, but 
 at his best, his speeches were a rare union of scathing wit, 
 brilliant sarcasm, intense pathos, and inimitable humor, 
 intensified in their delivery by the profoundest feeling of 
 the man. Though full of anecdote and thrilling illustration, 
 yet they were governed by a strictly logical order, and story 
 and fable were linked in a chain of convincing argument. 
 No man could sway more successfully the feelings of a 
 crowd. And when he rose in a popular assembly it was 
 the signal for a tumultuous outburst of applause — the “ peo- 
 ple heard him gladly,” and listened with delighted interest, 
 often under most unfavorable circumstances. He was a 
 member of the National Convention which nominated 
 Zachary Taylor for the Presidency, and there made a very 
 able speech in favor of the nominee. In 1854-55 he repre- 
 sented his district in Congress, when his party was largely 
 in the minority, during an anomalous commingling of 
 parties, and under the ascendency of a narrow, bigoted 
 order, the Know Nothings, with whom he had no real 
 sympathy. In two other Congressional contests his per- 
 sonal po]nilarity was demonstrated by a large vote, irrespec- 
 tive of party ties. In the two years of Congressional life he 
 added renown to his name as the tenacious advocate of 
 common rights to all conditions of men, and his speech on 
 the Kansas bill was a theme for eulogy in this country, and 
 in foreign periodicals. Blackwood and the A^orth British 
 Reviezu gave it deserved commendation. In the nation’s 
 struggle against the encroachments of slavery, though his 
 physical organization wholly unfitted him for the contest on 
 the battle-field, yet he remained to do successful battle with 
 different weapons, against other enemies, but all aiding in 
 the last grand consummation. In the new national policy 
 that made up this mighty war party, he took no mean place, 
 and performed no subordinate amount of the labor that had 
 its climax in the nomination of Lincoln to its triumphant 
 leadership. His intimate friendship with Lincoln was not 
 in the bonds of political association only or chiefly, but in 
 deeper ties — of community of nature, genial humor, generous 
 sympathies, hearty impulses. These brought them together 
 with no consciousness of station or rank to make a tliffer- 
 ence. The mutual geniality of the men expressed itself 
 when the courtesy of a Columbus delegation w.as extended 
 
 to Mr. Lincoln, who, grasping Mr. Galloway’s hands with 
 characteristic cordiality and emphasis, said : “ I would 
 rather see you than any man in America.” Governor Tod, 
 too, found him a congenial spirit, and loved him. The 
 memory of an evening, when Lincoln, Galloway, and Tod 
 met in the President’s room, in the days of care, anxiety, 
 fears and hopes for the country in her great struggle, recalls 
 the characteristics of each, and much that was common to 
 all. The noble war Governor of Ohio did not know fully 
 the joke-loving President, and had felt that he was not fully 
 impressed with the solemn drama in which he was acting 
 so leading a part. But that interview, prolonged into the 
 stillness of midniglit, dispelled all such impressions. The 
 rapid transitions from the highest humor, or most piquant, 
 subtle application of a story or incident to the gravest and 
 most momentous events then transpiring, their most serious 
 statesmanlike consideration, the grave, hearty care impressed 
 upon the then spare face, the prompt return of genial ex- 
 pression of personal interest, all ended in a commingling of 
 a deep sympathy and fullest mutual confidence, that only 
 ended as one after another they have dropped from their 
 places in these great historic scenes. As Judge-Advocate 
 a commission was given to Mr. Galloway for the examina- 
 tion of military and civil prisoners at Camp Chase, in 1863, 
 and in that service he continued until the close of the war. 
 The demands of military justice and discipline were there 
 supplemented by tender mercy', and while jealous of his 
 country’s honor, he cared for many who were victims and 
 sufferers in the casualties of war, and his heart and purse 
 and friendly aid were ready to alleviate their wants, ex- 
 hibiting the spirit of his illustrious prototype, “ Malice 
 towards none, charity for all.” Coupled with devotion to 
 the welfare and integrity of his country was that of church. 
 That part of his life and character represented by his reli- 
 gious views and habits is perhaps least understood by the 
 world. In fact, here he could only be known by those who 
 were taken into sympathy with his inner life, for few men 
 wore more distinctly an outer and an inner life. In the 
 rough struggle, the sharp conflict, the Cromwellian fight 
 with the outer world, the combatant, armed with all the 
 power of truth, eloquence, and sarcasm, seemed to reveal 
 the whole man. Hence many, who considered themselves 
 his intimate friends, knew nothing of his inner life, with its 
 struggles, its deep controlling convictions, its sustaining 
 faith and religious hope. These constituted almost an 
 independent existence of which he was as leticent as 
 William the Silent, except as it was manifested in church 
 administration or religious assemblies. In ecclesiastical 
 councils he acted with sound judgment and prudent con- 
 servatism, though he was bold and aggressive in spirit, 
 asking for a positive pronunci.ation when questions involv- 
 ing great and important matters were at issue. The Gen- 
 eral Assembly of the Old .School Presbyterian Church made 
 him one of its Commissioners at its meeting in Philadelphia 
 to accomplish the union of the two schools, a position of 
 
BIOURAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.KDIA. 
 
 329 
 
 dignity and importance, and which demanded wise judg- 
 ment and careful discrimination. It may be added that 
 Mr. Galloway had great personal popularity. liis sympathy 
 with the people was well understood and appreciated. Ilis 
 manner.s, so entirely sin, pie and unostentatious, made him 
 the best known public man in the State. One of his many 
 obituaiy notices closed with these words : “ Many there are 
 who will miss the generous grasp of the hand that shall no 
 more be raised in eloquent gesture or sublime utterance to 
 the assembled multitudes as in days gone by. Of him, 
 more than of others, many will say with Ilalleck — 
 
 “ ‘ None knew thee but to love thee, 
 
 None named thee but to praise.’ ” 
 
 n 
 
 HAZIER, IIOX. WILLIAM HUGH, Lawyer 
 and Jurist, was born, March nth, 1826, at Hub- 
 hard, Trumbull county, Ohio, and is the fourth 
 son and seventh child of George and Betharab 
 (Randall) Frazier. His father was a native of 
 Kent county, Maryland, and followed agricultural 
 pursuits. He removed with his parents to Ohio in 1802, 
 and settled in Trumbull county, where he married his wife, 
 who was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania. Wil- 
 liam attended the common school of his district until he 
 was twelve years old, and then accompanied his parents on 
 their removal to Guernsey county, where he resumed his 
 attendance at school during the winter months, continuing 
 his studies until he was twenty-one years old, w'orking 
 during the summer on his father’s farm. He then entered 
 Madison College, at Antrim, remaining ther'e two terms, 
 meanwhile studying at home and laboring on the farm; but 
 finding his health enfeebled, and believing that he would 
 be unable to continue his work on the plantation, decided 
 to apply himself to the study of law. At this time an elder 
 brother was pursuing a course of reading for th;^t profession, 
 and he placed himself under that brother’s tutelage, and so 
 continued until he was twenty-six years of age, when he 
 was admitted to the bar, at Coshocton, Ohio, May 17th, 
 1852. He commenced the practice of his profession with 
 his brother immediately after his admission, at Sarahsville, 
 then the county-seat of Noble county. In the follow'ing 
 month of August his brother died, and he continued alone 
 until 1858, when the county-seat was removed to Caldwell. 
 He likewise removed his domicil to the new shire town, 
 and in March, 1865, formed a partnership with James S. 
 Foreman, which continued for one year. In 1855 he W'as 
 elected Prosecuting Attorney for the county on the Repub- 
 lican ticket, and re-elected four successive times, making 
 his incumbency a period of ten years. In October, 1871, 
 he was appointed by Governor Hayes for four months to 
 'fill an unexpired term of Judge of the Court of Common 
 Pleas, and at the election held the same month was elected 
 to that office for a term of five year-., which position he yet 
 42 
 
 continues to hold. He w'as connected with the organiza- 
 tion of the Marietta, Pittsburgh & Cleveland Railway Com- 
 pany, and was Vice-President of that corporation until his 
 election as Judge, and was a Director until February, 1875. 
 In the spring of 1873 he organized the Noble County 
 National Bank, with a capital of $60,000, of which he was 
 elected President, and still occupies that office. He has 
 attained his present position in life by dint of industry, 
 energy, and perseverance ; and he is respected by all who 
 know him as a valuable citizen and an impartial judge. He 
 was married, November 30th, 1854, to Minerva E. Staats, 
 of Noble county, Ohio, who is still living. 
 
 ORRIS, JOHN A., United States Pension Agent, was 
 born in Perry, Geauga county, Ohio, August loth, 
 1835, his parents being natives of Massachusetts, 
 and his father by occupation a farmer. He was 
 educated at Kenyon College, Gambler, Knox 
 county, and in i860 graduated from that institu- 
 tion with credit. Prior to his collegiate course at Kenyon, 
 he attended the district schools during the winter seasons, 
 assisting during the remainder of each year in the labor of 
 cultivating his father’s farm. In i860, shortly after his 
 graduation, he went to Louisiana as private tutor in a family, 
 and upon the breaking out of the war returned to his native 
 State. Upon his return to Ohio he became Superintendent 
 of Public Schools, at Cadiz, Ohio, and lemained in charge 
 thereof for one year. In July, 1862, he resigned that posi- 
 tion to enter the Union army, and was mustered in as Cap- 
 tain in the 98th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He served in 
 that position until 1864, when he was promoted to the posi- 
 tion of Major of the same regiment. On July 19th of the 
 same year, while engaged with his command, he was 
 wounded and suffered the amputation of one of his limbs. 
 On the 4th of the following October he was honorably 
 mustered out by a special order from the War Department, 
 and was appointed as United States Provost Marshal of the 
 Sixteenth Congressional District, and served until October 
 1st, 1865. In the fall of that year he w'as elected Commis- 
 sioner of Common .Schools, was re-elected to that position 
 in the fall of 1868, and acted as such until May, i86g, when 
 he was appointed United .States Pension Agent at Columbus, 
 and in March, 1872, reappointed to the same position. 
 Mr. Norris is a man of scholarly culture, and a practical 
 educator. He has taken a deep interest in public educa- 
 tion, and while at the head of the school .system of his St.ate 
 discharged his duties with ability and to the acceptance of 
 his people. As a soldier he distinguished his service with 
 gallantry, ability, and patriotic devotion to duty. He is in 
 ev'eiy way qualified for his present office, the important 
 duties of which he administers with integrity and intelli- 
 gence. On March 6th, 1865, he was married to Nettie 
 B. Beebe. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 ANNA, HON. JOHN E., Lawyer and Jurist, was 
 born, December 19th, 1S05, in WestmoreLand 
 county, Pennsylvania, of American parents. His 
 father was a saddler by trade, but subsequently 
 became engaged in agricultural pursuits. The 
 family removed to Ohio in 1815, and settled at 
 Cadiz, in Harrison county, and John attended school at the 
 academy in that town. He commenced studying law in 
 1823, with Chauncey Dewey, of Cadiz, and was admitted to 
 the bar in September, 1825. He immediately entered upon 
 the practice of his profession, and in 1826 removed to 
 McConnellsville, Morgan county, where he opened an 
 office, and where h5 has since continued to practise, e.xcept 
 when on the bench. In 1829 he was appointed Prosecuting 
 Attorney for the county, and in 1831, when the office was 
 made elective, he was elected, and held the same until 
 1838. He was appointed Postmaster of the town in 1831, 
 but resigned that office in 1833. In 1834 he was elected 
 Brigadier-General Ohio Militia, and served as such until 
 1840, when he resigned to take his seat as Judge. He was 
 elected to the Legislature in 1838, and re-elected in 1839. 
 In 1840 he was elected President Judge of the Eighth 
 Judicial District, embracing eight counties, including Mor- 
 gan, Washington, Meigs, etc., etc. He was on the bench 
 for seven years. His political creed has always been 
 Democratic; nevertheless he was of great assistance in rais- 
 ing troops for the Union army during the war of the rebel- 
 lion. He was married, June yih, 1826, to Susanna Robert- 
 son, of Cadiz, Ohio, who was the mother of six children, 
 of whom five are living; she died April 15th, 1865. He 
 was again married, October 25th, 1865, to .Sarah, daughter 
 of Rev. William Swayze, of Ohio. 
 
 330 
 
 H.\SE, HARRY, Superintendent of the City 
 Infirmary, Toledo, Oliio, was born in Hoosic, 
 Rensselaer county. New York, on May 19th, 
 1805. As early as 1806 his parents removed to 
 Fabius, Onondaga county. New York; in 1816 
 to Clarkson, Monroe county (then Genesee 
 county). New York, and in 1836 to Medina, Orleans 
 county. New Vh)rk, where they both died. His father was 
 a farmer, and he himself was raised on a farm until fifteen 
 years of age, having up to this time received only the rudi- 
 ments of a common school education. On October 20th, 
 1820, he was placed in a small country store, where he 
 commenced to learn the trade of a merchant. There he 
 continued until May, 1827, when he was engaged to take 
 command of a line boat on the Erie canal. In May, 1828, 
 he was employed by his uncle, Arad Joy, an old merchant 
 at Ludlowville, Tompkins county, to take charge of his 
 store, which resulted in the purchase, in company with 
 Charles Davis, of his uncle’s old stock and good-will of the 
 
 stand, and a partnership with Davis of five years, which 
 proved pleasant and profitable for those times- At the 
 expiration of that partnership he removed to Milan, Huron 
 county, Ohio, in May, 1835. In September, 1833, he was 
 married to Delia Conger, by whicli marriage he had four 
 children, two of whom survive. His wife died at Peru, 
 Huron county, on July 7th, 1840; and on May 19th, 1841, 
 he was married to Mrs. Amey A. Draper, by which mar- 
 riage he has four children, all of whom still survive. In 
 May, 1836, he gave up business in Milan, and removed a 
 part of his goods to Jackson county, Michigan. In October 
 of the same year, having sold out in Michigan, he removed 
 with liis family to Buffalo, and embarked in a wholesale 
 and retail hardware business. This proved a failure owing 
 mainly to losses of debts for goods sold to parties in Michi- 
 gan, Indiana, and Ohio, aided by the “Wild Cat” times. 
 He returned in May, 1840, with hh family to Ohio, where 
 his wife died. In S^'ptember, 1841, he commenced again 
 at Milan with very limited means; and the year following 
 sold out his stock of goods, settled all his debts, and asso- 
 ciated with a Mr. Shaw as partner in the produce commis- 
 sion business. This association was dissolved by the death 
 of his partner. Three years later he turned his attention to 
 farming, buying in August, 1844, one hundred and eighty 
 acres of new' land, lying one mile from the village of Milan. 
 This he caused to be improved and cultivated, and sold in 
 August, 1856, having in the meantime been awarded the 
 first premium offered on the best farm, by the Huron and Erie 
 County Agricultural Society, in 1852, and again in 1853 that 
 offered by the .State Agricultural Society for the best regu- 
 lated and best cultivated farm in Ohio (see “Agricultural 
 Reports”). This firm he purchased at eight dollars per 
 acre, and sold at fifty dollars per acre. In April, 1857, he 
 moved to Toledo, and opened a w'arehouse and general 
 commission business, in company with John Stevens and 
 Charles N. Ryan, under the firm-name of Stevens, Ryan & 
 Chase. This business proved unprofitable, and continued 
 one year, when Mr. Ryan withdrew'. During its continu- 
 ance, on the night after the October election, the w'are- 
 house and canal elevator was destroyed by fire. After 
 pursuing the commission business, in company with Mr. 
 Stevens, until the spring of 1 866, Mr. Chase retired to 
 accept the office of Collector of Internal Revenue. His 
 comnrercial experience has been quite varied — sometimes 
 successful, but at other times quite disastrous, so that now, 
 as the evening of life is upon him, he has passed the limit 
 of threescore and ten, he finds himself poor. Politically, 
 his first vote was cast for De Witt Clinton, for Governor 
 of New York, and he has been a Whig, and is now' a 
 Republican. At the October election in 1849 he W'as 
 elected by the Whig electors of Erie and Huron coun- 
 ties to the Legislature of Ohio; these two counties 
 then composing an election district for senator and 
 representative. He was the last Whig elected on the 
 Western Reserve. 
 

 V 
 
 
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 I 
 
 !Vil 
 
 ~kc J 
 
 
from an ori^nal Portrait by 
 
 © 113 ^ 5 ’?’ “WSSdlliJLg^ mSSS’lSS" IEIJO^ISKS®S’o 
 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOICLDIA. 
 
 331 
 
 ARRISON, GENERAL WILLIAM HENRY, 
 Soldier, Statesman and Ninth President of tlie 
 United States, was born, February 9th, 1773, in 
 Berkeley, Charles City county, Virginia, and was 
 the third and youngest son of Hon. Benjamin 
 Harrison, a member of the Continental Congress, 
 a simier of the Declaration of Independence and three 
 times Governor of Virginia. He died in 1791, when his 
 youngest son was in his nineteenth year. Being left by his 
 fiither’s death to depend upon himself, he joined the army 
 with the commission of Ensign, which was then under the 
 command of General St. Clair, and afterwards under 
 Wayne, against the western Indians. His spirit and sa- 
 gacity attracted the attention of Wayne, who appointed 
 him an Aide-de-camp, in which capacity he served through 
 the war. Soon after its close, in 1795, he was promoted 
 to the rank of Captain and placed in command of Fort 
 Washington, then occupying the site of the present city of 
 Cincinnati, laid out soon after by John Cleves Symmes, a 
 daughter of whom Captain Harrison married. In 1797 he 
 resigned his commission in the army and was appointed 
 Secretary of the Territory northwest of the Ohio, from 
 which, in 1799, he was chosen a delegate to Congress. 
 The Northwestern Territory having been divided, Harrison 
 was appointed, in iSoi, Governor of the new Territory of 
 Indiana, embracing the present States of Indiana, Illinois, 
 Michigan and Wisconsin. Almost the whole of it was then 
 in possession of the Indians, with whom, as Superintendent, 
 he made several important treaties, in which large cessions 
 of territory were obtained. The agitation among the In- 
 dians, caused by Tecumseh and his brother, the Prophet, 
 having assumed the character of hostilities, Harrison, in 
 the autumn of ISI l, advanced against the Prophet’s town 
 at the head of 800 men, partly regulars and partly volun- 
 teers. His camp at Tippecanoe was furiously, but unsuc- 
 cessfully, attacked on the night of Noveml)er 5th. The 
 defeated Indians were at first inclined to treat, but the 
 breaking out of the war with Great Britain made them 
 again hostile. After Hull’s surrender Harrison was ap- 
 pointed, in September, 1812, to the command of the North- 
 west frontier, with a commission as Brigadier-General. It 
 was not until the next year, by which time he was promoted 
 to the rank of M.ajor-General, that he was able to commence 
 active operations. Several mishaps grew out of the inex- 
 perience of his subordinate officers, but the victory of Perry 
 on Lake Erie enabled him to recover from the British in- 
 vaders the American territory which they had occupied 
 and to pursue them into Canada, where, on October 5th, 
 they were totally routed in the battle of the Thames. A 
 peace with the Northwest Indians soon followed. Not 
 long after, in consequence of misunderstandings with Arm- 
 strong, the Secretary of War, Harrison resigned his com- 
 mission in the army. In 1816 he was elected from the 
 Cincinnati district a member of the United States House 
 of Representatives, in which body he sat for three years. 
 
 In 1819 he was elected a member of the State Senate of 
 Ohio, which place he held for two years. Having been 
 elected United States Senator, he took his seat in 1824, 
 and was appointed Chairman of tlie. Military Committee, in 
 place of General Jackson, who had just resigned his seat 
 in that body. In 1828 he was appointed, by President John 
 Quincy Adams, Minister Plenipotentiary to the Republic 
 of Colombia. He landed at Maracaibo, December 22d, 
 and thence proceeded to Bogota; but his residence there 
 was not long, as he was recalled immediately on Jackson’s 
 accession to the Presidency, in 1829. For several years 
 after his return he took no active part in political affairs, 
 but lived in retirement on his farm at North Bend, on the 
 Ohio, a few miles below Cincinnati. Being in hut mod- 
 erate pecuniary circumstances, he accepted the office of 
 Clerk of the County Court, which he continued to hold for 
 the next twelve years. In 1836, as the close of General 
 Jackson’s second term of office drew nigh, the opposition 
 were somewhat at a loss for a candidate for the Presidency. 
 Webster had been nominated in Massachusetts, but did 
 not find much support out of that State; and Henry Clay 
 did not care to become a candidate in a contest which he 
 regarded as hopeless. The success which had attended 
 General Jackson in his several canvasses for that high office 
 gave rise to the idea of adopting a candidate who had 
 military reputation. Harrison, while in command of the 
 Northwest Department during the war of 1812, had en- 
 joyed a high popularity in the West, and principally on 
 that ground he was now brought forward as a Presidential 
 candidate. His character was unimpeachable, his retire- 
 ment had kept him out of the sphere of party, and his 
 position as a simple citizen seemed to identify him as one 
 of the people. His nomination, seconded by the anti- 
 Masonic party, was more successful than many had antici- 
 pated. He received seventy-three electoral votes, a greater 
 number than Clay had obtained four years previously, al- 
 though Massachusetts, rvhich now voted for Webster, then 
 had given her suffrages for Clay. Martin Van Buren be- 
 came the President, being inaugurated March 4th, 1837, 
 and in less than ten weeks from that event the country was 
 convulsed by reason of the State banks suspending specie 
 payments. Trade was prostrated and financial ruin was 
 predominant. Business houses which had withstood many 
 a financial panic went down like reeds before the wind. 
 This state of things was seized upon by the opposition, who 
 put the blame where it doubtless properly belonged, to the 
 ruinous measures adopted by the party under Jackson, who 
 had made war against the “monster,” as the United States 
 Bank was termed. The position of the opposition being 
 thus strengthened, the defeat of the Democratic party, which 
 had renominated Van Luren for a second term, seemed 
 practicable, providing the anti-administration party could 
 unite on a candidate. Henry Clay was again brought 
 forward, and his claims as the father of the “American 
 system” of protection to domestic manufactures were 
 
332 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCL 0 P.L;DIA. 
 
 strongly urged. General Scott was also proposed. The 
 fact that both these gentlemen were Virginians by birth 
 and training caused their partisans to believe that the 
 prestige attached to their native State as the “ Mother of 
 Presidents” would somehow be to their advantage. A 
 national .nominating convention, at which twenty-two 
 States were represented, met at Harrisburg, December 
 4th, 1839, to decide between them. On the ground of 
 availalhlity General Harrison, also a native of Virginia, 
 was preferred, and received the nomination. A very ardent 
 and exciting canvass followed, and every means to promote 
 the success of the Whig candidate was employed by his 
 supporters to arouse the popular enthusiasm. Mass meet- 
 ings and political processions were now first introduced, 
 and that canvass marked nn era in the style of conducting 
 elections. The history of the war of 1812 was eagerly 
 read, and its pages carefully scanned for details of the 
 skirmishes and battles in which he had led the American 
 troops to victory. Thus the 4th of October was the anni- 
 versary of the battle of Chatham, and on the succeeding 
 day was the battle of the Thames, where the celebrated 
 Indian chief Tecumseh %vas slain, and were both seized upon 
 by the Whigs, who celebrated their twenty-seventh anni- 
 versary from one end of the country to the other as had 
 never before been done, and, it may be added, was never 
 repeated. The slur which had been cast on General Har- 
 rison, that he lived in a “ log cabin,” with nothing to drink 
 but “ hard cider,” was also made use of as an electioneer- 
 ing appeal. Log cabins became a regular feature in politi- 
 cal processions, and “ hard cider ” one of the watchwords 
 of the party. Songs were written and sung to popular airs, 
 and the nominee was familiarly called “ Old Tippecanoe,” 
 in allusion to the repulse of the Indians on the battle-field 
 of that name. Canes cut from trees supposed to have 
 grown near North Bend, the home of the General, and 
 mounted with miniature cider barrels to form the handle, 
 were manufactured and sold by thousands ; while pocket- 
 handkerchiefs and other apparel were printed with favorite 
 designs, or with Harrison’s portrait, and scattered broad- 
 cast throughout the country. Political caricatures were in 
 vogue, and scarcely a day elapsed that some new one was 
 not designed and published. In addition to all this, politi- 
 cal feeling ran so high that, where different members of the 
 same family advocated opposite sides, much ill blood was 
 stirred up, and in many cases personal conflicts took place. 
 In the autumn the election was held, and the Whig party 
 swept through the land like a tornado, and of the twenty- 
 six States that voted, giving 294 electoral votes, William H. 
 Harrison secured 234, while his opponent scored but 60. 
 The popular vote was: Harrison, 1,274,783; Van Buren, 
 1,128,702, and Birney (Abolitionist), 7609. Harrison was 
 inaugurated, March 4lh, 1841, and as his cabinet was ju- 
 diciously composed great expectations were formed of his 
 administration ; but before any distinctive line of policy 
 could be established, and after a brief illness of but eight 
 
 d.ays, su|)erinduced, as was supposed, by the fatigue and 
 excitement incident to his inauguration, he died, April 4th, 
 1S41, and was interred at North Bend, Ohio. 
 
 URLBUT, HINMAN BARRET, Railroad Presi- 
 dent and .Capitalist, was born, July 29th, 1819, in 
 St. Lawrence county. New York. His father, 
 Abiram Hurlbut, was a Connecticut farmer who 
 had been a soldier in the Revolutionary war. 
 On his grandmother’s side he was descended 
 from Governor Hinman, of Connecticut. Until fifteen 
 years of age he attended the common schools and worked 
 on the farm ; then he went out into the world without 
 money to seek his fortune. First, he found employment as 
 a clerk in a store in VVaddington, where he remained 
 about three years. In 1836 he removed to Cleveland and 
 entered his brother’s law office as a student, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in August, 1839. He at once opened an 
 office in Massillon, but in his journey to that town his last 
 cent was expended, his only stock being a few sheets of 
 paper. Pie .soon was known as one of the most successful 
 lawyers in a circuit of several counties. In 1846 he formed 
 a law partnershijr with Hon. I). K. Cartter, Chief Justice 
 of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, which 
 proved lucrative and extensive. In 1S50 he retired from 
 the profession of law and engaged in the banking business, 
 as a member of the firm of Hurlbut & Vinton. He aided 
 in organizing the Merchants’ and also the Union Bank, of 
 Massillon. He was a director in each bank, and repre- 
 sented ihe Union branch of the Slate Bank of Ohio in the 
 State Board of Control, until he sold his interest in the 
 bank. He subsequently represented the Bank of Toledo in 
 the same Board, until the expiration of its charter. In 
 1852 he removed to Cleveland and commenced business 
 under the name of Hurlbut & Co., although he still re- 
 tained his banking interests in Massillon. He then pur- 
 chased the charter of the Bank of Commerce and reorgan- 
 ized it for business, with Parker Handy as President and 
 himself as Cashier. A year later Mr. Handy resigned and 
 Joseph Perkins became President. The capital stock of the 
 bank was increased from time to time, until it became the 
 Second National Bank. While thus managing the affairs 
 of the bank in Cleveland, he, in company with other 
 capitalists, purchased the charter of the Toledo branch of 
 the State Bank of Ohio, and aided in its management 
 before and after its reorganization as a national bank. 
 In November, 1865, he was stricken with paralysis. 
 He resigned his position in the bank as Cashier, and 
 was elected Vice-President, and left for Europe with 
 the hope of regaining his health. He returned in 
 1868, much improved, but refrained from active busi- 
 ness until 1 87 1, when he was chosen Vice-President of 
 the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Rail- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.LDI A. 
 
 333 
 
 road Company. Mr. Hurlbut has ever been liberal in 
 aiding benevolent enterprises, education, literature, and 
 the arts and sciences. Being the President and chief 
 founder of the Cleveland City Hospital, he has been very 
 generous to it in his donations. He founded the Hurlbut 
 Professorship of Natural Sciences in the Western Reserve 
 College, and endowed it with ^25,000, and was for many 
 years a Trustee of that institution. He contributed to 
 every charitable institution in Cleveland and vicinity. 
 During the great war of the rebellion he gave money 
 freely to support the army and benevolent enterprises 
 called into existence by that struggle. In politics he was 
 a Whig, and when that party ceased to exist he became a 
 Republican. He was a delegate in the national convention 
 which nominated General Taylor to the Presidency. He 
 was an able stump speaker, and his services were in great 
 demand throughout his district. As a financier he was 
 held in high repute wherever known, and the financial 
 enterprises with which he was connected were always, 
 when under his management, remarkably successful. The 
 most discouraging obstacles were overcome by his great 
 energy, fearlessness and thorough knowledge of financial 
 matters. In private life he indulged in a fine taste in 
 painting, music and horticulture. In the latter especially 
 he took great pride, his collection of plants being widely 
 known for its extent and variety. In 1S40 he was married 
 to Jane Elizabeth Johnson, of Oneida county. New York. 
 
 (AVIS, HON. SIMON STEVENS, Merchant, 
 Banker and ex-Mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio, was 
 born at Rockingham, Windham county, Vermont, 
 December iptb, 1817. He is a son of Hiram 
 and Melinda (Stevens) Davis, and like most of 
 the “ Yankee boys ” was trained to hard work 
 upon the farm, with few opportunities for book education, 
 except the few months he spent each year as a pupil, and 
 afterward as a teacher, in the common schools. He left 
 the farm in 1840, and spent one year in teaching and study 
 at Howell Works, New Jersey; but the ill health of his 
 father recalled him to the farm in 1841. There he re- 
 mained until 1843, when he came to Cincinnati and re- 
 mained in that city, St. Louis and New Orleans until he 
 went to Brooklyn, New York, in 1847. He was engaged 
 in mercantile pursuits there and in New York city until 
 August, 1853, when he returned to Cincinnati and estab- 
 lished the banking house of S. S. Davis & Co., which he 
 his continued to the present time f 1876). During the war 
 of the rebellion he was most active in his support of the 
 Union arms, and, by the inauguration of a committee system 
 for the care of the families of soldiers, did much for the 
 encouragement of enlistments and the alleviation of suffer- 
 ing among a class which appealed s'rongly to the sym- 
 pathies of a humane and patriotic public. During his life 
 
 he has been identified with the Whig and Republican 
 parties, tbougb he has never made a business of politics. 
 He served with efficiency and credit in the City Council, 
 and in April, 1871, was elected Mayor of the city for two 
 years. Since the expiration of his term he has devoted his 
 lime to his private business, except so much as is taken up 
 in attention to the public institutions with which he holds 
 an official relation. Among others he is a Trustee of the 
 Protestant Home for the Friendless and Female Guardian 
 Society, as well as of the High Schools and the Cincinnati 
 Relief Union, an offshoot of the Soldiers’ Relief Committee. 
 In both the latter he has been a Trustee for fourteen con- 
 secutive years. 
 
 OHNSON, HON. NATHAN PORTER, was born 
 in Hartford, Washington county. New York, Jan- 
 uary 30th, iSoi, and at an early age removed to 
 Champion, Jefferson county. New York, where he 
 attended a district school. In 1832 he emigrated 
 to Lagrange, Lorain county, Ohio, and there, in 
 the course of time and events, became widely and favorably 
 known as a prominent and influential citizen, and as an 
 efficient leader in political movements and public enter- 
 prises. While engaged mainly in agricultural pursuits, he 
 yet devoted a considerable portion of his time to study and 
 research, and uniformly kept well abreast with modern 
 progress. In 1844 he was elected to the House of General 
 Assembly from Lorain, and in 1846 secured a re-election. 
 Subsequently, in 1848, he served for one term as Senator 
 from Lorain county. For many years also he officiated as 
 Justice of the Peace, and during the last fourteen years of his 
 life held the position of Postmaster. He was a supporter 
 successively of the Whig and Republican parties. He was 
 married, October 20th, 1822, to Laura Waite, who died in 
 January, 1846; and again, August 13th, 1S46, to M. R. 
 Hart. His life and career present many noteworthy and 
 admirable points; unvaryingly faithful in the discharge of 
 every duty, loyal and energetic in his support of all projects 
 designed to further the general welfare, his death was a 
 serious loss, not only to his immediate circle of relatives 
 and friends, but also to the wider circle of the public. He 
 died in Lagrange, Ohio, December 22d, 1874. 
 
 ^ORGEY, WILLIAM S., Soldier and Lawyer, was 
 born. May nth, 1845, on a farm in Union town- 
 ship, Lawrence county, Ohio, and is the eighth 
 of a family of nine sons. He worked on his 
 father’s farm, attending school during the winter 
 months, until September 15th, 1862, when he 
 enlisted in the United States service for three years, at 
 Ironton, in Company K of the 2d Ohio Cavalry. From 
 that place the recruits went to Camp Portsmouth, then 
 
334 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDI A. 
 
 under the command of Judge Martin Crain, and thence to 
 Camp Dennison. Company K was commanded liy Captain 
 Woodward, of Dayton, while the colonel of the regiment 
 was K. V. Kantz. Having received their horses and full 
 equipment at the latter camp, they were sent to Lexington, 
 Kentucky, during the winter of 1 862-63, via Covington, 
 overhand, where they passed some months. Leaving there 
 they marched to Somerset, and there, being attached to the 
 23d Corps, participated in the raid on Knoxville and East 
 Tennessee, under General Burnside, and were in all the 
 battles and skirmishes that occurred, until General Long- 
 street was driven out of Eastern Tennessee. He was on 
 the celebrated John Morgan raid, from the time that 
 guerilla chief left Kentucky, through the Slates of Indiana 
 and Ohio, and in all the battles and skirmishes that took 
 place between the two contending forces, including the 
 battle at Buffington’s Island, until he was captured near the 
 Pennsylvania line. After these two campaigns were ended 
 the 2d Ohio Cavalry was transferred to the Army of the 
 Potomac over the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. Though a 
 member of Company K of that regiment, he was unable, 
 through sickness, to he present at the battles of the Wilder- 
 ness, in which they participated ; but on their return from 
 that hard-fought field he joined his company at Camp 
 Stoneman, near Washington, District of Columbia, and 
 thence went into the valley of the Shenandoah, under 
 General Sheridan, General George A. Custer being the 
 brigade commander. He took part in all the conflicts that 
 occurred in that valley, including the battles of Winchester 
 and Cedar Creek, and until the rebel General Early left 
 the valley. The Union cavalry followed in pursuit of him 
 up the valley, frequently skirmishing with portions of his 
 command, thence out to the James River Canal, and along 
 the line of that canal and to the left of Richmond and 
 Petersburg, until they reached General Grant’s army. Pass- 
 ing to the south of Petersburg his regiment participated in 
 raising the siege of that city, and after the evacuation they 
 following the retreating army of General Lee, fighting them 
 almost every d.iy. He was in the battle of Five Forks, as 
 well as all the others that occurred in that pursuit; as also 
 in the one that took place on the evening of the 8th and 
 the morning of the 9th of April, 1S65, in front of Appomat- 
 tox Court House, and until General I.ee surrendered at 
 that place on the last-named day. On April loth his regi- 
 ment started for Petersburg, which they reached in due 
 time, and were then ordered to the rear of General John- 
 son’s army. When they had reached a point of one day’s 
 march from the rear, they learned that he had surrendered, 
 and returned at once to Petersburg. While sojourning 
 there they learned of President Lincoln’s death by the 
 hands of a rebel assassin. Leaving Petersburg they marched 
 through Richmond and to Washington City, crossing the 
 Long bridge over the Potomac river, and went into camp 
 within a few miles of the capital. He had been some time 
 previous promoted to the grade of Sergeant. He was pres- 
 
 ent at the grand review of the Army of the Potomac, in the 
 capital city of the nation — the grandest sight ever witnessed 
 there — and passing out the regiment was placed upon the 
 train for Parkersburg. On their arrival at that place they 
 found two steamers ready to convey them to St. Louis, 
 Missouri; one of them, the “Columbia,” received Company 
 K, and in the early jiart of June they landed at that city. 
 On the loih day of that month he was mustered out of the 
 service at Benton Barracks. lie shortly after this left for 
 home, where he arrived on the i6lh of June. In August 
 of the same year he entered the Ohio University, at Athens, 
 and after a year’s sojourn returned home and taught school 
 for a term. He next entered the office of General Enochs, 
 to commence the study of the law, and in the autumn of 
 1867 became a student in the law department of the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan, at Ann Arbor. In 1S70 he established 
 a law office at Ironton, Ohio, where he is now actively 
 engaged in the practice of his profession. 
 
 «;i SPIER, ALBERT WEISER, Physician and 
 Health Officer of Toledo, Ohio, was born in 
 Suubury, Northumberland county, Penn.sylvania, 
 of American parentage and pure Anglo-Saxon 
 ancestry. He received his education in the High 
 School and academy of his native place, and after 
 leaving school he removed to Milton, Pennsylvania, where 
 he engaged as a salesman in a drug store. After remain- 
 ing there, so occupied, for a time, he removed to Lewis- 
 burg, Pennsylvania, where he engaged in the same occupa- 
 tion ; and after remaining there for an interval he returned 
 to Sunbury, and there again engaged as salesman in a drug 
 store. He spent three years and a half in the drug stores 
 of Milton, Lewisburg and Sunbury, when he removed to 
 Philadelphia, and there was engaged in the wholesale drug 
 store of Messrs. Miller & Elliott. He remained with them 
 a year, and during a part of that time attended the College 
 of Pharmacy. At the end of the year he returned to Sun- 
 bury, his native place. There he engaged in business for 
 himself, as a druggist, and at the same time performed the 
 duties of agent for Adams’ Express Company. He re- 
 mained so engaged from 1857 to 1S61, and in the mean- 
 time he studied medicine with Dr. Jacob B. Masser, 
 graduating in 1861 from the Jefferson Medical College of 
 Philadelphia. In the month of October, in the same year, 
 he was appointed Assistant Surgeon of the 57th Regiment 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers. He remained with the regiment 
 during General McClellan’s campaign in West Virginia, 
 after which he resigned and left the army. In November, 
 1862, he removed to Toledo, Ohio, where he has ever 
 since resided. In Toledo he at once commenced the prac- 
 tice of his profession, and by his knowledge, skill and 
 untiring devotion to his professional duties he rapidly 
 achieved a solid and enduring success. He soon earned 
 
*1 
 
 
 A 
 
 • J . : ifc .A 
 
 GElJSRAli WILLIAM T. rLflF^IvLAil . 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOILLDIA. 
 
 335 
 
 and has steadily sustained the reputation of being one of the 
 best physicians of the place, and is in the enjoyment of a 
 large and lucrative practice. His professional duties occupy 
 most of his energies and most of his time, so that he has 
 little leisure to bestow upon politics. He takes the interest 
 of a good citizen in political matters, however, and his 
 political faith is that of a staunch Republican. On the ist 
 of January, 1S75, elected to the position of Health 
 
 Officer for the city, and performed the duties of the position 
 in a manner so satisfactory that he was re-elected to the 
 office in January, 1S76. He was married on the 26th of 
 March, 1S61, to Mary E. Wise, of Sunbury, Pennsylvania, 
 and their marriage has been blessed by five children, four 
 boys and one girl. 
 
 HErvMAN, WILLIAM TECUMSEH, General- 
 in-Chief of the United States Army, was born in 
 Lancaster, Ohio, February Slh, 1820. He is of 
 English extraction, being descended from the 
 Shermans of New England. In 1634 two bro- 
 thers and a cousin of that name emigrated from 
 the county of Essex, England, and joined the infant colony in 
 Massachusetts Bay. One of these, the Hoh. Samuel Sher- 
 man, afterwards settled in Connecticut, where his descendants 
 flourished and prospered for nearly two hundred years. In 
 1815 the grandfather of the future general, and the great- 
 grandson of the original settler, died, and his widow with 
 her family sought a home in the West. One of her sons 
 became distinguished in the practice of law, and in 1S23 
 one of the judges of the Supreme Court. He was married 
 in 1810 to Mary Hoyt, an intelligent, Christian woman, and 
 a member of the Presbyterian church. Of the eleven chil- 
 dren born to them, the sixth was William Tecumseh, and 
 the eighth the present Hon. John Sherman. In 1829 Judge 
 .Sherman died suddenly of cholera, leaving his family in 
 straitened circumstances. It had been his wish and hope 
 that William T. should be given a miiitaiy education, and 
 had named him after the Indian chief Tecumseh, slain in 
 battle but a short time before his birth, and for whom he 
 had a great respect. Having left no adequate provision for 
 his large family, it was agreed among his brethren of the 
 legal profession that some of the children should be edu- 
 cated and supported at their expense. Hon. Thomas 
 Ewing said to the widow that he must have the smartest of 
 them, and thereupon selected “ Cump,” as he was called, 
 then nine years of age. He became an inmate of the 
 Ewing family, attending school and growing in their esteem 
 for the next seven years. Of his habits Mr. Ewing says : 
 “ There was nothing very remarkable about him, excepting 
 that I never knew so young a boy who would do an errand 
 so correctly and promptly as he did He was trans- 
 
 parently honest, faithful, and reliable. Studious and correct 
 in his habits, his progress in education was steady and sub- 
 stantial.” Having a vacancy at the Academy at West 
 
 Point in his gift, Mr. Ewing bestowed it' upon the child of 
 his old friend. He was admitted to the Academy in June, 
 1S36, anti remained there, with the exception of a two 
 months’ furlough, until his graduation in June, 1840. He was 
 graduated sixth in his class, and was assigned to the artil- 
 lery. It had been the wish of his guardian that he should 
 graduate in the engineer corps, but this, for some reason, 
 was not possible. While at the Academy he kept up a cor- 
 respondence with his future wife, the daughter of Mr. 
 Ewing, and wrote in a confiding way of his ambitions and 
 purposes in life. For two years after his graduation he 
 served in Florida, mostly on garrison duty, although he 
 took part in several expeditions against the Seminolcs. In 
 March, 1S42, he was sent to Fort Morgan, at the entrance 
 to Mobile Bay, and from thence, in the summer, to Fort 
 Moultrie, in Charleston harbor. Here a round of gayety 
 with the aristocratic Charlestonians followed, but his equable 
 temperament kept him from dissipation or frivolity. An 
 officer’s uniform secured admittance to the best society, but 
 his heart resisted all the fascinations to which it W’as ex- 
 posed, and remained true to the object of his boyish affec- 
 tions. In 1843 obtained a four months’ furlough to 
 visit the family of his guardian, and became formally en- 
 gaged to Ellen Ewing. He was next assigned to duty on a 
 board of officers appointed to examine the claims of Georgia 
 and Alabama militia for horses lost in the Seminole war. 
 He now became a rather hard student, and begun the study 
 of that topography of the Southern country which enabled 
 him to so successfully prosecute his campaigns. A dull 
 military routine of duty for the next year or so, and the 
 Mexican war broke out. He was sent to Pittsburgh on re- 
 cruiting service. He repeatedly requested to be sent into 
 more active service, and was finally sent around the Cape, 
 and up the west coast of .South America; on reaching Cali- 
 fornia he was made an Aide-de-camp to General Persifer P'. 
 Smith, and afterwards Acting Assistant Adjutant-General to 
 Stephen W. Kearney. He really saw no “ active service ” 
 in the sense that he understood it, but he discharged his 
 duties with such ability as to merit jrraise from his superiors. 
 Returning to the States, he was married. May ist, 1850, 
 to Ellen, daughter of Hon. Thomas Ewing, the Secretary 
 of the Interior. Among the guests at the wedding were 
 President Taylor, Daniel Webster, and Henry Clay. His 
 next military duty was at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, and 
 shortly after he was made Brevet Captain for “ meritorious 
 services in California during the war with Mexico,” ami 
 sent as commissary first to .St. Louis, and then to New Or- 
 leans. Becoming tired of his slow progre.ss in military life, 
 and its dull routine, he accepted an offer from a St. Louis 
 banking house to manage a branch eslablisliment in Cali- 
 fornia, and on the 6th of September, 1853, resigned his 
 commission, having been in the army thirteen years, and in 
 military life seventeen, if his cadetship at West Point is in- 
 cluded. During the next four years he was at his post in 
 San Francisco, struggling to make a success of his new 
 
336 
 
 BIOGRAFIIICAL ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 vetiUire. At last he left California, and embarked in the 
 sime business in New York, but gave it up after a brief 
 trial, and joined his brothers-in-law, the Ewings, in Kansas, 
 where with them he engaged in the law business. Two 
 years’ experience in this field disgusted him, and he con- 
 cluded that he was not of the stuff that made lawyers. An 
 advantageous offer that he received about this time no doubt 
 hastened his resolve to leave the law. He was made Super- 
 intendent, and Professor of Engineering, Architecture and 
 Drawing in the State Seminary of Learning and Military 
 Academy of Louisiana, just established. Nearly his whole 
 term of military service had been passed in the South, and 
 his political opinions were known to be strongly Southern. 
 But the unsettled state of the countiy did not make him feel 
 secure in the position, and he did not remove his family to 
 the scene of his new duties. As the excitement grew more 
 threatening, efforts were made to have him espouse the 
 cause of disunion. He was found to be very efficient in his 
 work, which made it all the more desirable to retain him to 
 aid the cause of the South. His only and repeated answer 
 was that it was the duty of a soldier to fight for the flag and 
 the government to which he had sworn allegiance. The 
 attitude of the South at last fired his patriotism, and he re- 
 signed in a manly letter to the Governor of Louisiana, as 
 follows : 
 
 .Sir : As I occupy a quasi military position under this 
 St.ate, I deem it proper to acquaint you that I accepted such 
 a position when Louisiana was a State in the Union, and 
 when the motto of the seminary inserted in marble over the 
 main door was : “ By the liberality of the general govern- 
 ment of the United States: The Union — Esto perpetua." 
 Recent events foreshadow a great change, and it becomes 
 all men to choose. If Louisiana withdraws from the Fed- 
 eral Union, I prefer to miintain my allegiance to the old 
 Constitution as long as a fragment of it survives, and my 
 longer stay here would be wrong in every sense of the word. 
 . . . . I beg you to take immediate steps to relieve me as 
 Superintendent the moment the .State determines to secede, 
 for on no earthly account will I do any'act or think any 
 thought hostile to or in defiance of the old government of 
 the United Stales. 
 
 He departed for St. Louis at once, where he entered into 
 street railway speculation, and became President of the 
 Fifth street line. About the time President Lincoln was in- 
 augurated he went to Washington. His brother, Hon. 
 John Sherman, had just been elected to the United States 
 Senate to succeed Salmon P. Chase, and it seemed likely 
 that his influence would be beneficial. He talked freely 
 of the situation, and tried to impress Mr. Idncoln with its 
 danger. He volunteered his services in any capacity. 
 “ We shall not need many men like you,” said the hopeful 
 President; “the affair will soon blow over.” At last he 
 made application for the Chief Clerkship in the War De- 
 jiartment, and, although strongly backed, failed to secure 
 the place. When Josejdi E. Johnston resigned the Quarter- 
 master-Generalship to enter the rebel service, he applied for 
 this position, but failed again. When the call for seventy- 
 
 five thousand troops was made, he denounced it as folly, 
 saying that the whole North should oi'ganize at once for a 
 desperate struggle. .So warningly did he represent the danger 
 of the hour that he was looked upon as an alarmist. He 
 was advised to go home to Ohio, and obtain a command, 
 but he refused and made his way back to St. Louis, much 
 disgusted with the situation of affairs. But his thoughtful 
 brother did not neglect his interests. An order came to 
 strengthen the regular army with eleven new regiments, and 
 he was given the command of one of them, the 13th Infantry. 
 In the movement upon Manassas he w’as given command 
 of a brigade. In the battle that ensued he acquitted him- 
 self admirably. His force were infected by the panic that 
 followed, and he reported their retreat as “ disorderly in 
 the extreme.” Influence was brought to bear to make him 
 a brigadier-general, and he received his commission, August 
 3d, 1861, the same to date from May 17th previous. About 
 the last of August he was sent to the Department of Ken- 
 tucky, then in command of General Robert Anderson, of 
 •Sumter fame. When Anderson retired on account of ill 
 health, he found himself in command of the department. 
 But he did not please the government in his new field — in 
 fact, became decidedly unpopular with the people — and 
 was relieved and sent to Benton Barracks, Missouri, to drill 
 raw recruits. Here he stayed until the spring of 1862, when 
 Halleck drew him forth from his retirement and placed him 
 at Paducah to attend to the forwarding of troops and supplies 
 in Grant’s movement on F'ort Donelson. He was afterwards 
 given the command of a division in the movement up the 
 Tennessee, and at Pittsburgh Landing he was in the ad- 
 vance. In this engagement his division was much cut up 
 and demoralized, but he himself behaved with great gal- 
 lantry, doing much to check the reigning confusion, which 
 at one time seemed likely to result in a panic-stricken 
 retreat. He was slightly wounded, and had three horses 
 shot under him. Halleck reported to the government, with 
 the general approval of his officers, that “ General Sherman 
 saved the fortunes of the day on the 6th, and contributed 
 largely to the glorious victory on the yih.” He was recom- 
 mended for, and accordingly promoted to, a major-general- 
 ship. He took an important part in the battle of Corinth, 
 was quick and daring in all his movements, and his division 
 was the first to occupy the town. He was now ordered 
 further westward, and was eventually sent to Memphis to 
 take charge of the district. He adopted vigorous measures 
 here to suppress guerilla warfare, and to ferret out the spies 
 with which Memphis swarmed. He supported Grant in his 
 first effort to reduce Vicksburg. The movement was unsuc- 
 cessful, as the rebels were too strongly fortified. His com- 
 mand was badly repulsed, and he reluctantly withdrew. 
 He fell into unpopularity again for a time, was relieved, 
 and reduced to the command of two divisions. Although 
 deeply chagrined, he never faltered in his determination to 
 serve his country in any capacity. He accompanied his late 
 command in a subordinate position on the expedition up the 
 
LIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLORLDIA. 
 
 337 
 
 Arkansas river to Arkansas Post. In this successful move- 
 ment the commanding general spoke of him as “ exhibiting 
 his usual activity and enterprise.” In the next movement 
 on Vicksburg he was the adviser and friend of Grant, who 
 had never lost confidence in him. He was assigned to the 
 left in this effort to take the city, and acquitted himself well 
 in whatever he undertook. When the rebels had been 
 badly beaten, and the siege of Vicksburg had fairly opened, 
 he was sent off with a force to watch Johnston, who was 
 endeavoring to relieve the city. The latter was badly de- 
 feated, fleeing m confusion and destroying his stores. The 
 great success that attended this movement against Johnston 
 drew from Grant warm praise in his reports. lie was given 
 a Brigadier-General’s commission in the regular army. The 
 country, so fickle in its likes and dislikes, now began to 
 applaud him. The existing system of recruiting the army 
 arrested his attention al)out this time, and he wrote a letter 
 to the Governor of Ohio proposing a new plan. He urged 
 him to discountenance and prevent the forming of new regi- 
 ments, or the consolidation of old ones, and to fill up those 
 in the field to the full standard. He argued that the old 
 regiments were officered by men of military experience, and 
 therefore better able to handle raw recruits. No wiser 
 policy of recruiting was presented to the government during 
 the war. In such discussions of war policy, and in elaborate 
 letters urging his views, in the miscellaneous work of the 
 corps, and in the pleasant reception of a visit from his 
 family, hut which had a sad sequel in the loss of a favorite 
 child, the summer passed away. In the meantime, while 
 lying thus idle, attention was directed to the danger of 
 Rosecrans. That general, with an inadequate force, was 
 making his way toward Chattanooga. So, in the early fall, 
 with all the troops that could be spared he was sent to co- 
 operate with Rosecrans, as it was supposed that Johnston 
 and Longstreet would strengthen the rebel force opposed to 
 him. Not realizing the full danger of the situation, he was 
 slow in his movements, and tarried at different places to 
 repair railroads, and it was fully two months before he 
 reached Chattanooga. There was some sharp skirmishing 
 along the route. In the succeeding actions at Lookout 
 Mountain and Mission Ridge he bore himself well, although 
 he did not carry off the honors of the day. With his wearied 
 men he at once pushed on to the relief of Burnside at Knox- 
 ville, and arrived near that place in less than a week. The 
 troops having now had some three months of ceaseless 
 activity required rest, but their commander seemed to need 
 none, for he at once set about to inspect the department 
 that had been assigned to him while on the march to 
 Chattanooga. He was now given command of an expedi- 
 tion to secure the .safer navigation of the Mississippi by de- 
 stroying the railroads by which the rebels reached it, and 
 then establishing military posts in the interior to keep guer- 
 illas away from its banks. With a large force he disap- 
 peared from view, emerging again after a month’s absence, 
 having destroyed long stretches of railroads, depots, arsenals, 
 43 
 
 and public stores, and spread alarm among the people of 
 Mississippi. He subsisted his army on the people, as in the 
 memorable march to the sea. Some time after this he was 
 appointed to the chief command between the Mississippi 
 and the Alleghenies. He was summoned to meet Grant, 
 then made Lieutenant-General, at Nashville, and he trav- 
 elled as far north with h’m as Cincinnati. It would cover 
 too much space to detail his movement against Atlanta, first 
 opposed to Johnston and then Hood. The rebels fought 
 desperately, and although outnumbered two to one, contested 
 the ground inch by inch, and fought as bravely as men ever 
 did. The fall of Atlanta was dearly earned, and the cam- 
 paign was attended with great sacrifice on both sides. The 
 invader now began to develop his plans for his “march to 
 the sea,” with all its attendant but unavoidable horrors. 
 “ War is cruelty, and you cannot refine it,” vvere his mem- 
 orable words at the outset. Towards the close of September 
 his plans were somewhat matured. After a month or so of 
 inactivity on the part of the army, in which he was preparing 
 plans to circumvent Hood, whose mysterious movements 
 puzzled him, he placed as many men as he could spare 
 under General Thomas to watch him, and on the 12th of 
 November, 1864, disappeared from the Northern gaze, and 
 the “ march ” had commenced. His objective point was 
 not known to the public, and the country was mystified at 
 his disappearance. Even the government could learn noth- 
 ing of him, except from the Richmond papers passed 
 through the lines — a very lame source indeed, but neverthe- 
 less eagerly sought. He had with him sixty-five thousand 
 men, and these spread over a breadth of thirty miles, 
 “ marching through Georgia.” But the rebels were as be- 
 wildered as the government was ignorant, and even the 
 cavalry sent to harass him were perplexed as to his destina- 
 tion. A comparatively small force could have compelled 
 him to concentrate, and thus prevent the wide devastation 
 in his wake. But in this very uncertainty lay his safety, for 
 the rebel force was scattered and placed on garrison duty in 
 the threatened towns. In twenty-four days his army had 
 marched from Atlanta to Savannah, a distance of over three 
 hundred miles. But little resistance was made, except in a 
 few skirmishes with insignificant numbers of cavalry. His 
 loss on the march was five hundred and sixty-seven, of whom 
 but sixty-three were killed, and two hundred and forty-five 
 wounded. His only misfortune was his failure, through the 
 mistake of Kilpatrick, to liberate the poor Union prisoners 
 at Mlllen. To the very last the mystification was kept u]i. 
 Many writers have censured him for his relentless severity 
 to the inhabitants, but he believed in making war horrible 
 while it lasted, and he was determined that the hot-bed of 
 treason should experience a little of what the Unionists of 
 the border had been suffering for a long time. It is to be 
 regretted that helpless women and innocent children were 
 compelled to suffer these horrors, but it is equally to be re- 
 gretted that there was cause for the invasion. The whole 
 North was aglow with the story of the march, and many 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 33S. 
 
 thought in the excitement of the hour that the severest 
 l)unishment would be far too mild, forgetting that nearly the 
 whole of the able-bodied population of these States were 
 either conscripts or enlisted soldiers in the rebel army, and 
 far away from tbeir defenceless families. At one time it 
 was intended to transport the victorious army by water to 
 the aid of Grant before Richmond, but this was abandoned, 
 and the army took u]) its march through the Carolinas, in 
 pursuance of his policy that the speediest method of closing 
 the war was to impoverish the enemy. Columbia, the 
 capital of South Carolina, fell into the hands of the march- 
 ing army, and was soon after destroyed by fire. The com- 
 manding general has been blamed for this, some saying it 
 was done through his orders. W hen he rode into the town 
 large piles of cotton, which Wade Hampton had fired, lay 
 smouldering in the streets. His soldiers made an attempt 
 to extinguish it, but were not so successful as they supposed, 
 for in the night the fire broke out anew, consuming nearly 
 the whole of the city. The General says the enemy him- 
 ,self had burned the city, “ not from malicious intent, but 
 from folly and want of sense.” In the same paragraph he 
 says : “ Officers and men not on duty, including the officers 
 who had long been imprisoned there, may have assisted in 
 spreading the fire after it had once begun, and may have 
 indulged in unconcealed joy to see the ruin of the capital 
 of South Carolina.” The matter has been a subject of con- 
 troversy since the war, and there are those who will always 
 blame the Gener.1l as the author of the calamity. The army 
 marched pitilessly on, destroying much valuable property. 
 The brave Johnston, again in command, but only of the 
 fragments of his once fine army, made an unsuccessful but 
 bold resistance. But one attack, and that desperate in its 
 character, was made upon the Union troops, and this was 
 repulsed wiih great loss. And thus ended the campaign of 
 the Carolinas. The victor was heralded as the greatest hero 
 of modern times, and parallels sought in vain. The bril- 
 liancy of the march was the all absorbing topic of the hour. 
 The General made a hasty visit to Grant, where he met and 
 received the congratulations of the President. He then re- 
 turned to his command, and put into operation the plan to 
 make a jointure with Grant. Before he had fairly com- 
 menced came the news of Lee’s flight. Pushing vigorously 
 after Johnston, the latter retreated to Raleigh. W’hile fol- 
 lowing him up there came the news of Lee’s surrender. A 
 ])roposition from Johnston to do likewise followed. The 
 terms of the surrender were refused by the Cabinet at 
 Washington, and Lieutenant-General Grant heartily ap- 
 proved its action. The General afterwards admitted his 
 folly, which consisted in discussing the political status of 
 the South in the terms of surrender. He immediately re- 
 commenced his operations against the enemy, who finally 
 surrendered on a fairer and less conditional basis. After 
 the surrender he began to prepare for the mustering out of 
 his army, went further south, and then returned for the 
 “grand review ” at Washington. His action in the first 
 
 proposition from Johnston to surrender caused ill-feeling 
 between himself and Secretary Stanton, but the general 
 verdict was that he had committed an indiscretion, and he 
 came very near falling into unpopularity through it. Noth- 
 ing but his brilliant “march to the sea” saved him. After 
 the war what errors he had committed were soon forgotten, 
 and he was loaded with honors. A fine residence at St. 
 Louis was presented to him. After the grade of General 
 was created for Grant, he succeeded to the vacant Lieu- 
 tenant-Generalcy. He was assigned to the frontier to look 
 after the Indians. He has ever believed in an aggressive 
 policy toward these children of the forest, and has no very 
 high opinion of them. But he has never been allowed to 
 fully have his way in this. The tragic death of Canby 
 would never have occurred had he been in full power in 
 controlling the Indian, for he would never have brooked 
 tlie interference of a civilian in any of his plans. He 
 believes in bringing the Indian to terms, or exterminating 
 him, and heartily disapproves of the “Quaker” policy of 
 petting them. All this is consistent with his conduct in the 
 war. The most triumphant general in this confiict, he was 
 also the most stern in his orders, making the enemy’s 
 country support his vast army, even though it deprived them 
 of their last crust. No general of the war was more loved 
 by his troops, and none more solicitous for their welfare. 
 After General Grant was elected to the Presidency, he suc- 
 ceeded to the vacant Generalship of the army, which position 
 he still holds. The head-quarters of the army having been 
 transferred from Washington to St. Louis, he now resides 
 in the latter city. Recently he has published a work in 
 review of the war, and his very plain language in reference 
 to men and events connected therewith raised quite a buzz 
 about his ears. The book has had an immense sale, not a 
 newspaper in the land having failed to notice it in lengthy 
 review. Many military officers have felt aggrieved at his 
 strictures upon them, but he bears it all with stoical indif- 
 ference. To define the General politically would be a diffi- 
 cult undertaking, but he may be said to be rather conserva- 
 tive than otherwise. Of late years his name has been fre- 
 quently mentioned in connection with the Presidency, and 
 so persistently within the last twelve months that he deemed 
 it necessary to write a letter, which found its way into all 
 the journals of the da}', denying that he was a candidate for 
 the office, or that he would become one under any circum- 
 stances. He was reared a Roman Catholic, but is not a 
 communicant of the church now. At least he has so ex- 
 pressed himself in a recent communication. The mother 
 of his children is a strict Roman Catholic, and they have 
 been reared as such. The constant newspaper discussion 
 in regard to this is very distasteful to him, as he has broad 
 and liberal views in matters of this kind, and only came 
 under Catholic influences when he entered Mr. Ewing’s 
 family at the age of nine. In person he is above the middle 
 height, spare, thin, and sometimes careless in dress. This 
 carelessness especially characterized his appearance in the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 339 
 
 field. His face is narrow, widening at the top into a capa- 
 cious forehead. There is nothing about him that would 
 attract attention when his features are in repose, init in con- 
 vei-salion he brightens up and appears at once a different 
 person, lie is domestic in his habits, having a strong love 
 for children and the comforts of home. 
 
 (P ^ 
 
 
 Q 
 
 I 
 
 
 f 
 
 i)UCE, CII/VRLES LEVERETT, Merchant, was 
 born in Ashtabula county, Ohio, August I2th, 
 1826. He obtained his education in the common 
 schools. When about ten years of age he re- 
 moved with his parents to Indiana, remaining 
 there until he attained his majority, and being 
 employed a portion of the time on his father’s farm, and the 
 remainder in his carding and cloth-dressing mill. Having 
 become tired of this occupation he effected an engagement 
 as a clerk in a dry-goods store, where he remained a year, 
 and when twenty-three years of age commenced business 
 on his own account in general merchandise. Pie continued 
 in the same until 1S65, when, closing out his stock, he re- 
 moved to Toledo, and formed a copartnership with two asso- 
 ciates, establishing the firm of Luce, Chapin & Bloss, which 
 engaged in the wholesale dry-goods trade. This partnership 
 existed for the space of nine years, when it expired by limi- 
 tation, in 1874. He then purchased the interests of the 
 retiring partners, himself continuing the business. During 
 the existence of the firm alreidy named, the senior partner 
 was largely instrumental in building up a trade which is 
 second to none in the city, and to his energy, indomitable 
 perseverance and business ability, the great patronage and 
 excellent reputation that the house sustains through the 
 States is wholly due. The business is still increasing under 
 his personal supervision, and is not confined to his native 
 State, but extends through Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, 
 Wisconsin and Nebraska, and also to the Territory of Mon- 
 tana, evidencing that by his business tact and great courage 
 he is determined to extend the reputation of his house. In 
 political ideas he has been an old-line Whig, and is now a 
 Republican. Although frequently importuned to accept 
 office, he has steadily refused. 
 
 entered the army in 1S61 as a private soldier in Company B, 
 22d Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry ; served four 
 months in the campaigns of West Virginia; was promoted 
 to be corporal and mustered out as fourth sergeant. The 
 quota of Ohio being full, he enlisted again as a private sol- 
 dier in Company K, 5lh West Virginia Infantry; soon after 
 was appointed First Lieutenant in this company ; was pro- 
 moted to a Captaincy in 1862, and assigned to the command 
 of Company E of that regiment. In 1S63 he was promoted 
 to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and in 1864, the 8th and 
 9th West Virginia Infantry regiments being consolidated by 
 order of the Secretary of War, he was promoted to the 
 Colonelcy of the new regiment. For gallant and meritorious 
 services on the field he was brevetted Brigadier-General, 
 and was mustered out in July, 1863. General Enochs in 
 1862 was with Fremont in his Shenandoah valley campaign, 
 participating in the battles of Cross Keys and .Strasburg. 
 He was with General Pope- in his Virginia campaigns of 
 Freeman’s Ford, Sulphur Springs, W’aterloo Bridge, Second 
 Battle of Bull Run, Chantilly. When his command re- 
 turned to \Vest Virginia in 1863, his regiment re-enlisted as 
 veterans, and in the spring of 1864 he was with Crook and 
 Hunter in their raid to Lynchburg. Returning, he joined 
 Sheridan’s army at Harper’s Ferry, and was with .Sheridan 
 in all his battles in the .Shenandoah v.alley, Virginia, and 
 was severely wounded in the battle of Winchester, Sep- 
 tember 19th, 1864. He was in active service from the be- 
 ginning to the close of the war. It is claimed by good 
 authority that his regiment was the best drilled and disci- 
 plined in the army. General Enochs studied law on the 
 march or in camp as he could, and on being mustered out, 
 entered the Citicinnali Law .School, and graduated there in 
 1866. In 1867 he commenced the practice of law. He 
 was elected to the Legislature of Ghio, where he served 
 during the sessions of 1870 and 1871. This Legislature 
 passed the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the 
 United States, which measure was earnestly supported and 
 voted for by the general. At the close of the session of 
 1871 he resumed the practice of law. General Enochs is 
 five feet eight inches high, and weighs one hundred and 
 seventy-five pounds. He was married in 1874 to Annis 
 Hamilton. They are now residents of the city of Ironton. 
 
 NOCH.S, W. 1 1 ., was born in what is now Noble 
 county, Ohio, on March 29th, 1842. He is the 
 son of Henry Enochs, who was one of the first 
 white children in the boundaries of the above 
 county. The grandfather of the general was 
 Elisha, who settled near where the town of 
 Carlisle now stands. The grandfather was in the war 
 of 1812. The general was raised on a farm until he was 
 eighteen years old, attending school in the winters only. 
 He taught school and went to college at the Ohio University ; 
 
 ^RANNIS, JOHN C., Lawyer, was born, Novem- 
 ber loth, 1825, at Woodstock, Vermont, and is a 
 son of John Grannis, originally from Claremont, 
 New Hampshire. When very young the family 
 removed to Canada, where his father engaged in 
 mercantile pursuits, and was a member of the 
 Provincial Parliament. He was a member of that body at 
 the outbreak of the rebellion of 1837-38, and during those 
 troubles removed to Ohio, locating at Oberlin. Voung 
 Grannis entered Oberlin College in 1841, and after intrsuing 
 
340 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOILLDIA. 
 
 the usual four years’ course, graduated from that institution 
 in 1845. During the winter vacations he taught school in 
 order to meet the expenses of his education. After gradu- 
 ating, he removed to Cleveland, where he entered the office 
 of Payne, Wilson & Wade, whom he had selected as his 
 preceptors in the study of the law. He was admitted to the 
 bar in 1848, and shortly thereafter formed a copartnership 
 with Hon. S. O. Griswold, with a view to the practice of his 
 profession. In 1852 he was elected City Attorney, to which 
 office he was re-elected. He w.as appointed Collector of 
 Customs for the port of Cleveland by President Lincoln, and 
 was Presidential Elector in 1872. The same year he was 
 elected a member of City Councils. At present ( 1875) he is 
 engrossed by the duties of his profession. His specialty is 
 admir.alty practice, in which he stands very high. He was 
 married in 1S56 to Flora M., daughter of O. J. Wheaton, of 
 Syracuse, New York, and is the father of four sons. 
 
 : 00 K, GENERAL ROBERT LATIMER, was 
 born in Columbiana county, Ohio, December 28ih, 
 1S27. His father was Major Daniel McCook, 
 who gave to the service of the Union eight sons, 
 three of whom were killed. He himself, although 
 olil and infirm, entered the service after the mur- 
 der of his son Robert by guerillas, and was mortally wounded 
 by Morgan’s men at Buffington Island, July 21st, 1863. 
 Robert grew up a remarkably vigorous lad, mentally and 
 physically. Until the age of fifteen he attended school, 
 when he entered ihe office of his father, who was then Clerk 
 of the Court of Carroll county, as deputy. He was a grave 
 and studious boy, rather old-fashioned in his manner. In 
 the office he became familiar with legal forms, and soon 
 conceived a strong liking for the law. He was first placed 
 under the tutorship of Hon. Ephraim R. Eckley, but con- 
 cluded his studies at Steubenville, and began the practice 
 of law there. Rising steadily in his profession, he removed 
 to Columbus, and finally settled in Cincinnati, where he 
 formed a partnership with Judge Stallo, a prominent German 
 lawyer. The firm w.as in very successful practice when the 
 aval' broke out. His law business had brought him a large 
 ))ractice and social acquaintance among the Germans, and 
 he was at once selected by them as commander of the first 
 German troops raised in Ohio. In .'X.pril, 1861, he was 
 commissioned Colonel of the 9th Ohio Volunteers (three 
 months’ service). At the end of their term of service the 
 naen re-enlisted for three years. Ilis regiment acquitted 
 itself with gallantry in several engagements, and he was 
 commissioned a Brigadier-General of Volunteers. Given a 
 brigade under General Buell, he insisted that his old com- 
 mand should be included therein. In his new position he 
 did good service. In the second year of the war he fell 
 sick with the camp dysentery, and was urged to leave the 
 service for a time. This he refused to do, and accompanied 
 
 his brigade in an ambulance. The guerilla Morgan had 
 commenced his depredations. The division of which the 
 sick general’s brigade was a part was ordered to go in pur- 
 suit. On the 5th of August, 1862, while in the advance and 
 almost unprotected, his ambulance was surrounded by 
 guerillas. Although he offered to surrender, he was mor- 
 tally wounded by a shot from a weapon in the hands of a 
 guerilla named Prank Gurley. The assassins did not cap- 
 ture their victim, and he was carried to a neighboring house, 
 where, after being discovered by his command, he died on 
 the following d.ay. This murder was one of the gi'eatest 
 outrages perpetrated by the guerillas. He had great affec- 
 tion for the soldiers of the 9th Regiment, and they were 
 with difficulty restrained from perpetrating acts unworthy of 
 their record, in their strong desire for revenge. 
 
 ILLIKIN, COLONEL MINOR, was born in 
 Hamilton, Ohio, July 9th, 1834. His father. 
 Major John M. Millikin, was a highly respected 
 citizen of the State, and for a long time President 
 of the St.ate Board of Agriculture. He attended 
 the high schools at Hamilton preparatory to enter- 
 ing college, and after a course at Hanover College, Indiana, 
 was graduated at the Miami University in 1854. At college 
 he was noted for his gentlemanly bearing, faultless toilet, 
 and chivalric tone. After leaving the university he entered 
 the Harvard Law School. In the school debates there he 
 took a prominent part, and on the question of slavery was 
 bold in his denunciation of the institution. In the follow- 
 ing year he entered the law office of his father’s friend, Hon. 
 Thomas Corwin, at Cincinn.ati, and a year later was married 
 to Miss Mollyneaux, of Oxford, to whom he had been en- 
 gaged while at college, and was absent for another year in 
 Europe on his bridal tour. On his return he purchased the 
 Hamilton Intelligencer, the Republican organ of his county, 
 and for the next two years edited it. He never intended to 
 practise the law, but nevertheless improved his knowledge 
 during this time. Disposing of his newspaper, he retired 
 to his farm near Hamilton, and was devoting his time to 
 improving it, when the war broke out. Though po.ssessed 
 of wealth, and engaged in pursuits most to his taste, his 
 patriotic convictions led him to the field. He was a fine 
 horseman, and naturally he preferred the cavalry service. Re- 
 cruiting in this department was slow work. He enlisted as 
 a private, and the government not furnishing horses in time, 
 he purchased twenty-four from his private purse. His re- 
 cruits were merged into Captain Burdsall’s Cincinnati com- 
 pany, and he was presently made .Sergeant, and then Lieu- 
 tenant. After three months’ service in West Virginia, he 
 was appointed Major of the first regiment of cavalry raised 
 in Ohio for the three years’ service. On the resignation of 
 the colonel he w.as appointed to fill the vacancy. Trouble 
 and jealousy were sown in this appointment, and a charge 
 
BlOGRArillCAL ENCVCLOIAHDIA. 
 
 34 
 
 of incompetency was made. He appeared before a board 
 of regular army officers for e.vamination, and triumphantly 
 received the warm indorsement of the examiners as to his 
 fitness. While this matter was pending, he served on the 
 staff of General George H. Thomas, who was his warm per- 
 sonal friend, tie returned to his regiment after the exami- 
 nation, but he was not destined to remain at its head very 
 long. At the battle of Stone River he was detailed to repel 
 an attack of rebel cavalry in the rear. lie led a charge to 
 protect a train, and was surrounded by a superior force. 
 He refused to surrender, and encouraged his men to cut their 
 way out. A fine swordsman, he w'as enabled to successfully 
 defend himself with his sahre. Enraged at this a rebel shot 
 him with a revolver. The body was recovered, but not before 
 it had been stripped of valuables. In a letter to his father. 
 General Thomas said : “ It affords me the most sincere 
 pleasure to express to you, and to Mrs. Millikin, my utmost 
 confidence in him, both as a friend, and as a brave, accom- 
 plished and loyal officer — one on whose judgment and dis- 
 cretion I placed the greatest reliance. . . . While mourning 
 his loss, you have the consolation of knowing that he fell, a 
 Christian and patriot, gallantly defending the honor of his 
 country.” 
 
 f USTER, GENERAL GEORGE A., was born at 
 New Rumley, Harrison county, Ohio, December 
 5th, 1839. After receiving a fair education he 
 became a teacher. In 1857, through the influence 
 of Hon. John A. Bingham, he was appointed to a 
 cadetship at West Point, entering the academy in 
 June. Four years later, in June, 1861, he was appointed 
 Second Lieutenant in Company G, .Second United States 
 Cavalry, formerly commanded by Robert E. Lee. Leaving 
 the academy July l8th, 1861, he reported to General Scott 
 on the 20th, the day preceding the battle of Bull Run. The 
 chief offered him the choice of a position on his staff, or of 
 joining his company, then under McDowell at Centreville. 
 Having a strong desire to be in active service, he chose the 
 latter, and started at once for the scene of the impending 
 battle, riding all night alone. Reaching head-quarters early 
 in the morning, he delivered despatches from Scott to 
 McDowell, and partook of a hasty breakfast. He then 
 joined his company, which was among the last to leave the 
 field on that fatal day, and which bore with it General 
 Heintzelman, who had been wounded. He served with his 
 company until the lamented Kearney was appointed Brig- 
 adiei -General of Volunteers, when he was ap])ointed to his 
 staff. Here he remained until the order was issued pro- 
 hibiting regular army officers from doing staff duty, when he 
 returned to his company, after receiving flattering testimony 
 of his efficiency. Moving with the army that followed up 
 the evacuation of Manassas, he was in the advance under 
 .Stoneman, and made his first cavalry charge at Catlett Sta- 
 tion. In this charge was drawn the first blood in the cam- 
 
 paign under McClellan. After the army had invested 
 Vorktown, he was detailed as Assistant Engineer, under 
 Sumner, in which position he threw up the nearest earth- 
 work to the enemy’s lines. He was in the advance under 
 Hancock in the pursuit of the enemy from Yorktown, and 
 at Williamsburg he was an Aide-de-camp to that general, and 
 took the first battle-flag captured by the Army of the Potomac. 
 He was the first to cross the Chickahominy, wading the 
 river in full view' of the rebel pickets, and for his gallantry 
 was made a personal aide to McClellan, with the rank of 
 Captain. He took part in the seven days’ battle, and 
 marked out the position occupied by the Union forces at the 
 battle of Gaines’ Mills, and participated in the campaign 
 ending with Antietam. When McClellan was relieved of 
 command, he accompanied him on his retirement, and was 
 not again in active service until the battle of Chancellors- 
 ville, in which he served as P’irst Lieutenant, Company M, 
 Fifth Cavalry, his rank of Captain having been disallowed. 
 After this battle he w'as made a personal aide to General 
 Pleasanton, and participated in numerous cavalry engage- 
 ments. When Pleasanton w'as made a Major-General, and 
 placed in command of a cavalry corps, upon his recom- 
 mendation, strongly indorsed by Hooker and Meade, 
 his young aide-de-camp was made a Brigadier-General, 
 and assigned to a brigade composed of Michigan cavalry. 
 At the battle of Gettysburg his services were very con- 
 spicuous, his greatest achievement being the utter rout of 
 Hampton’s division of cavalry, which was trying to reach 
 the train of the Union army. In this battle he had two 
 horses shot tinder him. In the retreat of the rebels he was 
 sent to harass their rear, and captured eighteen hundred 
 prisoners, besides destroying Ewell’s entire train. In an 
 engagement at Hagerstown he again had his horse shot 
 under him, and at Falling Waters he attacked the enemy’s 
 entire rear-guard, killing its commander, and capturing 
 thirteen hundred prisoners, four battle-flags, two pieces of 
 cannon, and utterly routing it. During the ensuing fall he 
 was constantly worrying the enemy with raids and skirmish- 
 ing, and in the winter was engaged in picketing the Rapidan 
 between the two armies. In the spring he took part in the 
 battle of the Wilderness, and early in May set out with 
 Sheridan on his raid toward Richmond. In the advance 
 as usual he captured Beaver Dam, burned the station with 
 considerable supplies, and released a large number of Union 
 prisoners. Rejoining Grant on the Pamunkey, he was again 
 in the front, and had another horse shot under him. Being 
 sent out to surprise the enemy’s rear at Trevillian Station, 
 he was so unfortunate, through the failure of another com- 
 mand to co-operate, as to he surrounded. With five brigades 
 against him, he fought tlesperately for three hours. One of 
 his guns was captured twice, and each time retaken. 'I'he 
 color-bearer was killed, but the general saved the flag from 
 ca|)ture by tearing it from the standard and concealing it 
 about his person. The arrival of the tardy reinforcements 
 enabled him to extricate himself from his perilous position. 
 
342 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 In Sheridan’s great work in'the Shenandoah valley he made 
 a b'-illiant record, excelled only by his commander. When 
 the former reached the end of his famous ride, his tirst 
 orders were, “ Go in, Custer.” In he went, and with such 
 dash and effect that he captured forty-five out of the entire 
 number of forty-eight pieces of artillery taken from the 
 enemy, besides several hundred prisoners, including a 
 Major-General. For this achievement he was brevetted a 
 Major-General of Volunteers, and was further honored by 
 being detailed to bear the report of the battle and the cap- 
 tured flags to Washington. On the 9th of October, 1864, 
 he routed the rebel General Rosser, capturing six pieces of 
 artillery, two battle-flags, his entire train, and a large num- 
 ber of prisoners. Again, in the winter, he attacked, with a 
 force of one thousand, a force of two thousand under Jubal 
 E.rrly. A rout and pursuit resulted in the capture of 
 eighteen hundred prisoners, eleven battle-flags, fourteen 
 jiieces of artillery, and a large w.agon train, including Early’s 
 private b.iggage. Early made a narrow escape himself. 
 The Union loss was one man killed and four wounded. 
 He did noble service in the encircling of Richmond. At 
 the battle of Dinwiddle Court House his division reached 
 the field when the Federal troops were slowly losing ground. 
 Ordering the band to strike up a national air, he charged 
 the advancing column so impetuously that it retreated back- 
 ward over the lost ground. At .Sailor’s Creek, Sheridan or- 
 dered Crook and Merritt to bre.ak the enemy’s line and delay 
 his retreat. Their efforts were not effectual. Sheridan called 
 for Custer, at the same time making a characteristic remark 
 with regard to his mettle. His division threw themselves 
 sav.agely upon the enemy, actually leaping their horses over 
 the breastworks. In this, his greatest cavalry charge, the cap- 
 tures consisted of seven general officers — among them Custis, 
 son of R. E. Lee, Ewell, and a brother of the pirate 
 Semmes — sixteen pieces of artillery, thirty-one battle-flags, 
 and five thousand prisoners. After the charge, the hero of 
 it rode by Sheridan and a number of other officers of rank, 
 when three rousing cheers were given for him. He was in 
 the advance when Lee’s surrender took place, and was the 
 first to receive the white flag sent in by the rebel com- 
 mander. He still possesses this trophy. After the sur- 
 render, General Sheridan purchased the table upon which 
 the terms were made, and presented it to Mrs. Custer, with 
 these fitting words : 
 
 My I)e.\r M.\d.\m : Permit me to present to you the table 
 upon which were signed the terms of surrender of the army 
 of Norlhern Virginia, under General Robert E. Lee; and, 
 in conclusion, let me add, that I know of no person more 
 instrumental in bringing about this most desirable event 
 than your own most gallant husband. 
 
 For his distinguished services in these closing scenes of 
 the war he was promoted to a Major-Generalshijr of Volun- 
 teers. After the grand review he went with Sheridan to the 
 Military Division of the Gulf, where he was assigned to an 
 important command in Texas. In February, i 865 , he was 
 
 mustered out of the volunteer service and returned to the 
 regular army. He was, when appointed General, the 
 youngest officer of his rank in the army, and, after Sheridan, 
 the most dashing cavalryman. He never lost a gun or a 
 color, and captured more fags, prisoners, and munitions of 
 war than any other officer nut in command of an army. 
 These were all captured in actual fight, and not in aban- 
 doned forts or arsenals. His appearance is thus described 
 in Colonel Newhall’s “ With Sheridan in Lee’s Last Cam- 
 paign : ” 
 
 “ At the head of the horsemen rode Custer, of the 
 golden locks, his broad sombrero turned up Irom his hard, 
 bronzed face, the ends of his crimson cravat floating over 
 his shoulders, gold galore spangling his jacket-sleeves, a 
 pistol in his boot, jangling spurs on his heels, and a pon- 
 derous claymore swinging at his side, a wild, dare devil of 
 a general, and a prince of advance guards, quick to see and 
 act.” 
 
 In politics the general made himself more conspicuous 
 after the war than most prominent regular army officers. He 
 sympathized with Andrew Johnson, and accompanied him 
 on his famous trip. He also took an active part in the 
 Philadelphia Union Convention in 1S66, and in the Sol- 
 diers’ Convention at Cleveland afterward. But of late years 
 he has had but little to say in these matters. He has been 
 brevetted a Major-General in the regular army. Since the 
 war he has done good service in the Indian country, he and 
 Sheridan and Crook being the best Indian fighters in the 
 army. 
 
 HURMAN, HON. ALLEN G., Lawyer, Judge, 
 and United States Senator, was born in Lynch- 
 burg, Virginia, on November 13th, 1813. His 
 father was Rev. P. Thurman ; his mother the 
 only daughter of Colonel Nathaniel Allen, of 
 North Carolina, nephew and adopted son of 
 Joseph Hewes, one of the signers of the Declaration of In- 
 dependence. In 1S19 his parents removed to Chillicothe, 
 Ohio, and he resided there until 1853, when he removed to 
 Columbus, his present residence. He was educated at the 
 Chillicothe Academy, and by the private instruction of his 
 mother. He studied law with his uncle, William Allen, 
 then United States Senator, and later Governor of Ohio, and 
 with Noah H. Swayne, now a Justice of the Supreme Court 
 of the United States. He was admitted to the bar in 1835, 
 and practised his profession until he was elected a Judge of 
 the Supreme Court of Ohio in 1851. He was Chief-Justice 
 of that court from 1854 to 1856, when his term of service 
 expired. Previous to his election as Judge he had served in 
 the House of Representatives for the Twenty-ninth Congress, 
 having been elected a member in 1844. In 1867 he was 
 the Democratic candidate for Governor of Ohio, and was 
 beaten less than 3000 votes, although the Republican ma- 
 jority the year before was 43,000. In January, 1868, he 
 
BIOGRAnilCAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 343 
 
 was elected a Senator of the United States, and took his 
 seat March 4th, lS6g. In January, 1874, he was re-elected. 
 He was married in November, 1844, to Mary, daughter of 
 the late Waller Uun, of Eayette county, Kentucky. After 
 retiring from the Supreme Bench he resumed the practice of 
 his profession at Columbus, and was engaged as counsel in 
 the Supreme Court in many of the leading cases from all 
 over the State. “ The Ohio Reports,” containing his deci- 
 sions during the five years he was judge, had given him great 
 reputation as a sound lawyer and jurist, and his opinion on 
 important legal questions was much sought after and relied 
 upon by attorneys practising in the Supreme Court, and 
 hence he was retained as co-counsel in most of the important 
 cases. He has always been a very laborious student, and 
 indefatigable in the thorough preparation of his cases, and a 
 forcible and direct speaker, who wastes no time on imma- 
 terial points. He has always been a Democrat of the 
 straitest sect, and not inclined to run after temporary expe- 
 dients in politics. He firmly believes that the safety of the 
 country in a great measure depends upon the preservation 
 of the organization of the Democratic party. At the same 
 time he is liheral and courteous in his treatment of political 
 opponents. While serving in the Twenty-ninth Congress, 
 with many other Northern Democrats he voted for the 
 “ Wilmot Proviso,” extending the anti-slavery provision 
 of the ordinance of 1787 to our newly acquired Mexican 
 territory. He was opposed to the repeal of the “ Missouri 
 Compromise,” because he believed it was a fair settlement 
 of controverted questio is, the reopening of which would 
 cause the sectional struggle which has since deluged the 
 country with blood. On all the exciting questions of that 
 era he always took a decided and manly stand, speaking 
 out his opinions unhesitatingly, and doing his best to 
 secure their settlement in the interests of the national 
 welfare. He has always been opposed to the doctrine 
 of nullification and secession, as the platforms of his 
 party in Ohio, drawn in many cases by him, have re- 
 peatedly declared. The gubernatorial contest in 1867, 
 wherein the negro suffrage question was an issue, brought 
 him prominently before the people as a rising national man. 
 In that canvass he spent over four months on the stump and 
 carried the Legislature in both branches for his party, and 
 defeated negro suffrage by over 50,000 votes in one of the 
 strongest Republican States in the Union. On the meeting 
 of the Legislature, after a very exciting contest, he was nomi- 
 nated by the Democratic caucus for United States .Senator 
 over V’allandigham, by a vote of two to one. Since his 
 election to the Senate, no man has risen more rapidly in 
 public estimation. Though in a minority of scarcely one- 
 fifth in the Senate, he has exercised great influence, and ob- 
 tained among the thinking of all parties the character of a 
 pure and honest politician, who would expose fraud and 
 corruption, no matter whom the exposure might hit. Every 
 year he has taken an active part in stumping the State, and 
 in planning the campaigns of his party. In 1873 suc- 
 
 ceeded in carrying the Legislature, which secured his re-elec- 
 tion to the Senate, though the State the year before had 
 given General Grant nearly 40,000 majority for President. 
 Ex-Senator Allen, his uncle, was elected Governor, though 
 the balance of the Republican ticket succeeded by a majority 
 of less than 1000 votes. This result, indicating the com- 
 mencement of a revolution in politics, and mainly brought 
 about in Ohio by Senator Thurman’s abiding faith in the 
 Democratic organization, and skill and tenacity in holding 
 his party in line after the disorganizing results of the Greeley 
 campaign, has caused his name to be mentioned in connec- 
 tion with the Presidency. It is not improbable that he may 
 be the candidate of his party in 1S76. He has, however, 
 never allowed his head to be turned by the Itauble of the 
 Presidency, and never was known to allude to it, even 
 amongst his most intimate friends. The talk about any 
 public man for President long in advance is apt to kill him 
 off; but those who know Senator Thurman best do not be- 
 lieve he would, in his political course, swerve a hair’s- 
 breadth from his convictions of right even to be President. 
 He rvould rather stand before the country as the bold and 
 upright Senator, in this age of corruption and truckling 
 politicians. 
 
 ORYELE, HON. JAMES L., Lawyer, Judge of 
 the Probate Court of Adams county, Ohio, was 
 born near West Union, Adams county, Ohio, 
 February 22d, 1830. He was the oldest child in 
 3 - family of three children, whose parents were 
 Salathiel Coryell and Nancy (Holmes) Coryell. 
 His father, a native of Mason county, Kentucky, followed 
 through life principally agricultural pursuits. In 1801 he 
 settled in Adams county, near West Union, where he re- 
 sided until his demise in 1838. He was a member of the old 
 Coryell family, which in days long gone by lived at Coryell 
 Ferry, on the Delaware river. New Jersey. His mother, a 
 native of Adams county, Ohio, was a daughter of James 
 Holmes, an early jnoneer and one of the original settlers of 
 this county. She died in June, 1874. Until he was twenty 
 years of age, his days were spent alternately in working on a 
 farm during the summer months, and in attending a country 
 school in the winter season. He then assumed the role of 
 educator in a school in Adams county, Ohio, where, with 
 the exception of a period of six months passed in Sciota 
 county, he was assiduously engaged in pursuing the vocation 
 of teacher. During these years he aj)plied himself wisely 
 and perseveringly to the task — to him an agreeable one — of 
 accumulating knowledge, and, by a well-directed course of 
 study and reading, greatly enlarged the boundaries of his 
 literary attainments. T'or two years he acted as School Ex- 
 aminer of Adams county. In the fall of 1859 he was elected 
 County Auditor, was re-elected to the same position in 
 l86l, and held the office for four years. In 1864 he was 
 elected Justice’ of the Peace, and, with the duties of that 
 
344 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 office and the practice of surveying, was afterward constantly 
 engaged for about six years. In 1S69 he was elected Pro- 
 bate Judge of Adams county; was re-elected in 1872 and 
 in 1S75, and is still employed in the performance of the 
 functions attached to this position. Having in preceding 
 years directed his attention to the study of law, and thus 
 qualified him-elf for its practice, he was admitted to the bar 
 in 1875. Politically, his principles link him with the Demo- 
 cratic party, while his religious views are expressed in the 
 creed of the Presbyterian Church. He was married in 1854 
 to Mary McGranagan, a native of Virginia, who died in 
 1S66. He was again married in 1869 to Hannah (Briggs) 
 McFerren. 
 
 J.'VRRERE, BENJAMIN, Vice-President of the 
 Hillsborough National Bank, was horn in New 
 Market, the first county-seat of Highland county, 
 Ohio, February 25th, 1812. He was the ninth 
 child in a family of twelve children, whose parents 
 were George W. Barrere and Abigail (Mills) Bar- 
 rere. His father was a native of the city of Wheeling, Vir- 
 ginia, where he was born March l6th, 1770; through life, 
 at different periods, he was a farmer, surveyor and merchant; 
 he settled in Highland couniy, Ohio, in 1803, and served 
 as the first deputy surveyor in the military district of which 
 that county was a part ; for a number of years he W'as Justice 
 of the Peace ; was a member of the Ohio Senate for nine 
 years, and for fourteen years presided as one of the Associate 
 Judges; from 1791 to 1795 he was an active participant in 
 the Indian war; was an actor at St. Clair’s defeat, and 
 fought under \Vayne in the battle of Fallen Timbers ; he 
 served as a Captain in the war of 1S12, and was present at 
 the surrender of General Hull ; for a number of years also 
 he was intimately identified with the public enterprises of 
 Highland county ; he died March 8th, 1S38. His mother 
 was a daughter of Thomas Mills, an early pioneer of Mason 
 county, Kentucky, who constructed the Indian fort known 
 as Mills’ Station. Until his fifteenth year was attained his 
 days were consumed alternately in attendance at school 
 through the winter season and in w'orking on a farm during 
 the summer months. In 1827 he moved to Hillsborough, 
 where he found employment as clerk in a general store. 
 He was engaged at this occupation until 1834, when he 
 entered into business life on his own account at New 
 Market, and there prosecuted successfully a fair trade as a 
 general storekeeper until 1845. In that year he removed to 
 Ripley, Ohio, where, in association with D. H. Murphy, in 
 the same kind of business, he remained until 1848, the date 
 of his return to Hillsborough. In the winter of 1854, the 
 intervening years having been passed in mercantile opera- 
 tions, he associated himself in partnership with John A. 
 Smith and Hon. Nelson Barrere, his brother, and established 
 a private bank, under the firm-style of Barrere & Co. This 
 was the first bank started in Hillsborough, and to its pro- 
 
 prietors, accordingly, must be awarded the title of the 
 pioneer bankers of Highland county. In the spring of 
 1865 the Bank of Barrere & Co. was merged in the Hills- 
 borough National Bank, and now exists, prosperous through 
 the able management of its controllers, with him as its Vice- 
 President ; John A. Smith occupying its Presidential chair. 
 He was one of the originators of the Ripley and Hillsbor- 
 ough Turnpike, and until it passed into the hands of the 
 county in 1874 was one of its most influential Directors. 
 He was an early advocate and supporter of the Hillsborough 
 & Cincinnati Railroad, and for a number of years was one 
 of its Directors. In all important measures and movements 
 relating to the educational improvement and political de- 
 velopment of his State and county he has uniformly taken a 
 zealous interest, and is widely recognized as a valuable pub- 
 lic colaborer and ally. For several years he presided as 
 magistrate of New Market, but has ever steadily refrained 
 from entering the arena of political contention and partisan 
 warfare. He is attached to the Republican party, and cast 
 his first vote for General Harrison. Religiously, his views 
 are hedged about by the creed or doctrines of no particular 
 church. He was nwrried, November 8th, 1836, to Mary 
 Carlyle, of Fairfield county, Ohio, daughter of Judge 
 Thomas J. Carlyle, and by her has had eight children. 
 
 JtONG, HON. ALEXANDER, was born in Green- 
 (3 ville, Mercer county, Pennsylvania, December 
 24th, 1S16. He was educated at Cary’s Acad- 
 emy (afterwards F'armcr’s College), at College 
 Hill, Hamilton county, Ohio; taught school in 
 the same county for eight years; adopted the law 
 as a profession, which he has practised successfully in Cin- 
 cinnati since 1852. He was elected to the Ohio Legislature 
 in 1S48; re-elected in 1S49, and in 1862 was elected a 
 Representative from the Second Congressional District of 
 Ohio to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com- 
 mittee of Claims. During the first session of the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress he made a speech in opposition to the war, 
 which was published throughout the country, and was the 
 subject of general comment by the press both North and 
 South. On the day following its delivery, Schuyler Colfax, 
 who was at the time Speaker of the House of Representa- 
 tives, left the Speaker’s chair, came down on the floor and 
 introduced a resolution for his expulsion. A protracted dis- 
 cussion upon the merits of the speech and the freedom of 
 debate thereupon ensued, and which occupied the House, 
 to the exclusion of all other business, for five days, when the 
 resolution of expulsion was withdrawn and one of censure 
 substituted therefor, which was finally adopted by a majority 
 of eleven votes. He was a delegate to the Chicago Con- 
 vention in 1864, and made a speech therein against the 
 nomination of General McClellan. He advocated the 
 nomination of the Late Chief Justice Chase by the Demo- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 345 
 
 cratic Convention in New York in i858; opposed the nomi- 
 nation of Horace Greeley in 1872, and has not voted at a 
 Presidential election since i860. He is identified with and 
 takes an active interest in the public schools of Cincinnati, 
 holding at the present time the positions of member of the 
 Board of Education, President of the Board of Examiners 
 and Trustee of the Public Library. 
 
 NDREWS, HON. SHERLOCK J., Lawyer and 
 Statesman, was born in Wallingford, New Haven 
 county, Connecticut, November 17th, 1801. His 
 father. Dr. John Andrews, was a prominent physi- 
 cian of Wallingford, and in later years a resident 
 of Cleveland. The son prepared for college in 
 the Episcopal Academy of Cheshire, Connecticut. He then 
 entered Union College, where he graduated in 1821. He 
 studied law and attended the I.aw School in New Haven, 
 at the same time discharging the duties of Assistant Pro- 
 fessor of Chemistry under the celebrated Benjamin Silliman, 
 who in his diary has paid a glowing tribute of praise to his 
 young associate for his ability and superior qualities of mind 
 and heart. He thus continued in his studies of law and 
 sciences until he was admitted to the bar. He removed to 
 Cleveland in 1825, and began the practice of law in con- 
 nection with Judge Samuel Cowles. In 1828 he married 
 Ursula Allen, of Litchfield, Connecticut, daughter of John 
 Allen, a member of Congress of that State, and sister of 
 Hon. John W. Allen, of Cleveland. W'hen Judge Cowles 
 retired from the profession, he formed a partnership with 
 John A. Foot and James M. Hoyt, the firm being Andrews, 
 Foot & Hoyt, for many years one of the most prominent 
 among the general practitioners in northern Ohio. In 1840 
 he was elected to represent the Cleveland District in Con- 
 gress. He served through the Twenty-seventh Congress, 
 when poor health compelled him to retire from such active 
 public life and from the more active part of the labors of his 
 profession. In 1848 he was elected Judge of the Superior 
 Court of Cleveland, a court of exclusively commercial and 
 civil jurisdiction. He was in 1849 chosen a member of the 
 Convention to form the New Constitution of Ohio, and did 
 di.stinguished service as a member of tbe Committees on 
 Judiciary, Revision and Temperance. The new Constitu- 
 tion having revised the judiciary system and dispensed with 
 the Superior Court, he was from that time engaged as counsel 
 and advocate in leading cases in the Federal and .State courts 
 till the year 1873, when he was again chosen as one of the 
 members of the Convention to revise the Constitution of 
 the State. Here again his long experience, ripe wisdom 
 and great abililies were sought in aid of the solution of the 
 great problem of an improvement of the judiciaiy system, 
 and he was made Chairman of the committee having this 
 subject in charge. As an advocate he has stood for forty 
 years in the front rank of the bar of Ohio. He is rarely, if 
 44 
 
 ever, surpassed in the skilful use of all the weapons known 
 to effective debate. As a technical pleader, though he stood 
 high there were others in the circuit equally gifted. But in 
 a cause where his convictions of justice and of legal rights 
 were fixed, there was not among his contemporaries in the 
 courts of the .State an advocate whose efforts were so nearly 
 irresistible before a jury. As a Judge, he commanded the 
 respect of all by his learning and fairness, and won the re- 
 gard of the younger members of the profession by his en- 
 couragement and kindness. Although the contested cases 
 during his occupation of the bench must have numbered 
 thousands, there is but a single record of a reversal of his 
 decision by the higher court, and that through a clerical 
 error. In politics he has acted with the Whig and Repub- 
 lican parties; he has not, however, always approved the 
 extreme measures of his party. This was appreciated by 
 his fellow citizens in 1873, when both the Republican and 
 Democratic parties nominated and elected him to the State 
 Constitutional Convention. Measuring him by tbe highest 
 standard of true eminence and success, his sterling integrity, 
 purity of example, his pride in the high character to be main- 
 tained by the legal fraternity, and his long career, untarnished 
 by a stain, must, after all, be regarded as having given bright 
 lustre to his abilities and enduring brilliancy to a long series 
 of public services in judicial and legislative spheres. Though 
 more than threescore and ten, he is occupying his place 
 among the leading members of the Ohio bar, youthful in 
 appearance, elastic in spirits, and vigorous and strong in tbe 
 exercise of those qualities which have distinguished him 
 through life. 
 
 ECK, HON. ERASMUS D., M. D., Physician, 
 Merchant and Manufacturer, was born, September 
 l6th, 1808, in Stafford, Connecticut. He received 
 his elementary education in the common schools 
 of his section, which was supplemented by an 
 academical course. He commenced the study 
 of medicine in 1824, and attended the medical lectures de- 
 livered at Yale College during 1826, and subsequently at 
 the Berkshire Medical College, from which latter school he 
 graduated in 1827. He removed to Portage county, Ohio, 
 in 1828, and practised medicine from three to five years at 
 Franklin in that county. He went to Perrysburg, Wood 
 county, January 1st, 1834, and has been engaged in the 
 practice of his profession in and around that locality for over 
 forty years; and has likewise been actively interested in the 
 business and growth of that town, having been engaged in 
 not only the drug and medicine trade, but also in selling 
 dry goods, millinery, etc., besides operating a farm. He is 
 now carrying on the pine and hardwood lumber business ; 
 is the owner and operator of a planing-mill, where all de- 
 scriptions of building material is manufactured, besides 
 doing a general hardware trade. In political faith he is a 
 Republican, but never a politician. He served in the Ohio 
 
34<3 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOIL 4 £DIA. 
 
 Legislature from 1855 to 1859 inclusive. He was ap- 
 pointed Examining Surgeon for the army and pensions 
 before and during the late war. He was elected to the 
 Forty-first Congress, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the 
 death of Hon. T. H. Hoag, in 1870, and was re-elected to 
 the Forty-second Congress, by a majority of 1060 votes over 
 Lockwood, Democrat. He received from his townsmen 
 all but 53 votes in a total vote of 900. He was married 
 to Mary Thorndike, daughter of Dr. Luke Lincoln, of 
 Brimfield, Portage county, Ohio, who died at Washington, 
 District of Columbia, January 20th, 1873; mairied again 
 to Mrs. E. T. Robertson, of Waterloo, Iowa, September 
 24th, 1874. 
 
 ENCH, JAMES JACK.SOX, Lawyer and ex- 
 Judge of Common Pleas, was born in Boston, 
 Massachusetts, in September, 1S20, his parents 
 being of American birth, but of English and Irish 
 descent. His elementary education w.as received 
 at a boarding-school, and subsequently be was 
 prepared by preceptors and private tutors for Harvard Col- 
 lege. In due time he entered that institution, passed with 
 honor through its course of study, and graduated in 1842. 
 Immediately after leaving college he commenced the study 
 of law, in Dane Law School, at Cambridge, Massachusetts. 
 He left the school eventually, and completed his legal 
 studies with Hon. Richard Fletcher, afterwards Associate 
 Judge of the .Supreme Court of Massachusetts. He was 
 admitted to the bar of Massachusetts in 1845, commenced 
 the practice of his profession in his native city, and for nine 
 years continued to practise there with success. During his 
 professional career in that city he was engaged in a very 
 important case, and submitted his argument to the court in 
 writing, and such were the learning, skill, and legal ability 
 manifested in the effort, that he not only received the cor- 
 dial and friendly congratulations of his professional brethren, 
 but compliments of the Chief-Justice of Massachusetts, ex- 
 pressed in terms of the warmest approbation, were conveyed 
 to him through Judge Bigelow, himself subsequently Chief- 
 Justice of the Supreme Court. After nine years of Boston 
 practice he removed to Toledo, Ohio, bearing with him a 
 high and well-earned reputation, and the warm regards of 
 all with whom he had been associated in his native city. 
 He at once entered upon a successful practice in Toledo, 
 and immediately took rank as a leading lawyer at the bar 
 of that city. In 1874 he was appointed by Governor Allen 
 Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Lucas county. His 
 performance of the duties devolving upon him in this posir 
 tion demonstrated that he not only possessed the attributes 
 of a brilliant advocate and sound counsellor, but also judi- 
 cial abilities of the highest order, and gave him rank as one 
 of the ablest jurists of his adopted State. His decisions 
 were always characterized by judicial fairness, and evi- 
 denced careful thought, deep study, practical ability, and 
 
 unflinching integrity. He was nominated for a return to 
 the same position in 1875, but owing to party considerations 
 which not even his eminent fitness could overweigh, he 
 was defeated, in common with the entire Democratic ticket, 
 and he retired from the bench. He was strongly urged by 
 the leading members of the bar in the Northwest for ap- 
 pointment on the Judicial Commission for the State of Ohio. 
 It is not only as a lawyer and a judge that he has won the 
 high esteem of the public. His integrity and rare personal 
 qualities have gained for him universal respect ; his scholarly 
 attainments, legal learning and ability, and fine literary 
 acquirements challenge admiration, and his genial manners, 
 unvarying courtesy, and generous, hearty, social bearing, 
 gain the still warmer regards of those fortunate enough to 
 be thrown into more intimate relations with him. In per- 
 son he is tall and slender, of graceful bearing, and of pre- 
 possessing appearance. In early life his religious views 
 were modelled upon those of Theodore Parker, who was at 
 that time so potent a moral and intellectual power. But in 
 1863 he became a member of the Roman Catholic Church, 
 in which faith he now continues, upright and conscientious. 
 He is a bachelor. 
 
 cCUNE, ROBERT, Clergyman and Journalist, was 
 born at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on December 
 17th, 1825. He remained there until he had 
 reached manhood, acquiring his education in the 
 public schools of the city, and in select schools 
 which he attended from time to time. One very 
 important educational experience was the training and dis- 
 cipline which he received during a period of three years 
 passed in a printing office. From early youth he had held 
 the purpose of becoming a pulpit teacher, and accordingly, 
 when he was twenty-one years of age, he entered the 
 ministry of the Wesleyan Methodist denomination. He 
 labored in this capacity until he had reached his thirty- 
 fourth year, when he united with the Congregational 
 Church. In the meantime he had removed to Mansfield, 
 Ohio, and was putting to practical account his early jour- 
 nalistic training. In 1853 he connected himself with the 
 Christian Slatesma 7 i at Mansfield. He retained his con- 
 nection with this paper until 1S56. Then he removed to 
 North Fairfield, Huron county, Ohio, and became associated 
 with the Gazette of that place. This connection continued 
 until 1858. From North Fairfield he removed to Toledo, 
 where he at present resides, and from there entered the 
 army, in 1862, bearing President Lincoln’s commission as 
 army chaplain. He remained in the service in that capacity 
 until the end of the war, in 1S65, when he returned to 
 Toledo. In 186S he became managing editor of the 
 Toledo Blade, a position which he continued to occupy, 
 and to occupy most satisfactorily, until 1872. A man of 
 such varied and continued activity would almost as a mat- 
 ter of course bring a portion of his energy into the field of 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCL0P.^:DIA. 
 
 347 
 
 politics, ami he lias done this. Ills political faith finds ex- 
 pression in the Republican creed, and he has served the 
 party, or rather has served with the party, actively and 
 effectively. In iS6o he was elected a member of the House 
 of Representatives of the General Assembly of Ohio, and 
 served there through the term with ability and, what is far 
 better, with integrity. In 1872 he left the office of the 
 Toledo Blade to enter upon the duties of Appraiser of Mer- 
 chandise, to which position he had been appointed, and 
 which he still holds. He was married on August 1st, 1S48, 
 to Caroline B. Smith. 
 
 . ^RAXGER, VOLEXTINE WHITMAX, Woollen 
 Draper and Merchant Tailor, and Dealer in 
 Gents’ Furnishing Goods, was born in Coventry, 
 Portage county, Ohio, February 25th, 1826. His 
 education was received in the common schools 
 located at Middlebury, near Akron, Ohio. He 
 remained with his parents until he was about twelve years 
 of age, then commenced to learn the trade of tailor, under 
 the control of his brother, with whom he was connected 
 for about five years. In 1845 went to New York, 
 for the purpose of perfecting his knowledge of the vari- 
 ous branches of his calling. His purpose accomplished, 
 he removed to .Akron, Ohio, where, in company with his 
 brother, and under the firm-name of Granger & Brother, he 
 established himself in business, which was assisted with 
 moneys advanced by his friends. In the spring of 1849, 
 immediately after his marriage, which took place May 7th, 
 1849, he moved to Toledo, Ohio, and engaged in business 
 in conjunction with his brother, under the firm-style of 
 Granger & Brother. In 1862, at the dissolution of p.artner- 
 ship relations, he purchased the entire interest of his brother, 
 and continued business operations for himself, by his own 
 unassisted resources. At the present time he stands at the 
 head of his business in Ohio, and is recognized by the 
 general community as a useful citizen and an enterprising 
 and reliable merchant. He took an active part in military 
 preparations during the war, and was always earnest and 
 energetic in his endeavors to promote the interests and 
 welfare of the national government. As his ancestors had 
 done before him in the perilous days of revolutionary strife, 
 so did he during the dark times of the rebellion, and was 
 tireless in his efforts to assist in securing the final victory to 
 the Union. He was a member of the Whig party, and 
 since its dissolution has been an earnest Republican. He 
 was married at Akron, Ohio, in 1849, to Emeline P'. 
 Dodge, daughter of Xathan Brown Dodge ; the fruits of 
 this marriage have been two daughters and one son. Aside 
 from his success as a merchant, Mr. Granger has contributed 
 to Toledo’s prosperity, by judicious investments in real 
 estate, which are an ornament to the city. In his social 
 relations no one in Toledo ranks higher, and he enjoys the 
 confidence and esteem of its best and ablest citizens 
 
 ^OFFMAN, BEXJAMIN F., Lawyer and ex-Judge, 
 was born in Chester county, Pennsylvania, on 
 January 25th, 1812. His father, Joseph I loffman, 
 and his mother, were of German descent. He 
 was educated in his native county at the common 
 schools and at select schools in West Chester, 
 Strodesville, and Marshallton, although until the age of 
 nineteen he had to do more or less work upon his father’s 
 farm. He moved with his parents to Trumbull county, 
 Ohio, in 1833; studied law with Hon. David Tod, subse- 
 quently Governor of the State; graduated from the Cincin- 
 nati Law School in 1836, and was admitted to the bar in 
 Cincinnati. Thereupon he formed a partnership with his 
 former preceptor at Warren, Ohio, and has practised law 
 ever since. Attending studiously to his profession, and 
 practising industriously in the county courts, he gradually 
 acquired an excellent connection. From 1838 to June, 1841, 
 he served the public faithfully as Postmaster at Warren ; and 
 from February 9th, 1857, to February 9th, 1862, as Judge 
 of the Court of Common Pleas. During Governor Tod’s 
 administration he acted as that official’s Private Secretaiy. 
 Born a Pennsylvania Democrat, in 1836-37 he espoused 
 the anti-slavery cause ; moved successively with the Liberty, 
 the Free-Soil, and the Republican parties until slavery was 
 abolished and the country free. He is still a Republican. 
 So far as his resources would permit he has co-operated in 
 all enterprises calculated to develop the resources of his sec- 
 tion; as, for instance, the Pennsylvania & Ohio Canal, the 
 Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railroad, and, more recently, 
 the Second National Bank of Youngstown. He has been 
 twice married. His first wife and family are all dece.ased. 
 His second wife is still living, and with her he has one 
 child. For some years he has resided in Youngstown, 
 where he is highly respected for his abilities and personal 
 worth. 
 
 INNEY, COLONEL P., President of the Kinney 
 National Bank of Portsmouth, Ohio, was born in 
 Scioto county in the same .State, December 16th, 
 1805, and is now the oldest native resident in 
 that county. His father moved from Sunbur)’, 
 Pennsylvania, to Scioto county, in October, 1805, 
 settling on a farm near Portsmouth. His opportunities for 
 receiving an education were limited, being such as were 
 afforded in the early frontier schools ; and limited as they 
 were, they were often interrupted by the demands on his 
 labor and skill in the work of cultivating his father’s farm. 
 In 1820 his father loaded a flat-boat with farm produce, and 
 sent it to New Orleans, his son being in charge as super- 
 cargo. The long voyage of two thousand miles was safely 
 though slowly made, and was followed by others in suc- 
 ceeding years. In 1829 he started in a mercantile career, 
 in the copartnership of Gates & Kinney, and in 1832 com- 
 menced private banking. P’or a number of years he was 
 
348 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 successfully engaged in this business, his banking house 
 being known as that of Kinney & Co. In 1851, associated 
 with some other enterprising citizens, he conceived and 
 carried out the idea of constructing the Scioto & Hocking 
 Valley Railroad, having its southern terminus at Ports- 
 mouth. He was made the Treasurer of the company, ne- 
 gotiated its bonds, purchased the iron for the road-bed, and 
 saw the great undertaking, materially advanced by his 
 energy, brought to completion and resulting in the rapid 
 development of the country which it traversed. It is still 
 the only railroad in the county. In 1855, having purchased 
 the controlling stock in the Bank of Portsmouth, which 
 w.as a branch of the State Bank of Ohio, he was made its 
 Cashier, and conducted its affairs with great ability up to 
 1 86 1. Early in the fall of that year he was authorized to 
 raise a three-years’ regiment, and rapidly accomplished 
 that labor. It was mustered in as the 56th Ohio Volunteer 
 Infantry, and, with Mr. Kinney as its Colonel, took the field 
 in season to participate in the important campaign which 
 began with the capture of Forts Henry and Donelson, and 
 included in its successes Pittsburgh Landing, the siege of 
 Corinth and the fall of Memphis. He then took his com- 
 mand to Helena, Arkansas, where the regiment rendered 
 brilliant services and greatly added to its high reputation 
 by its conduct in the Vicksburg campaign and its partici- 
 pation in the operations and engagements in the Teche and 
 Red river countries. Here, after two years of exposure in 
 the field. Colonel Kinney was compelled to resign, a cancer 
 having formed on his face and spreading rapidly. He was, 
 upon his return home, successfully treated, and upon his 
 recovery went back to his old position of Cashier in the 
 Bank of Portsmouth, which in 1863 was merged into the 
 Portsmouth National Bank, of which he was chosen Presi- 
 dent. In 1S67 he sold his stock interest in the institution 
 and became one of the excursionists in the “ Quaker City” 
 to the Holy Land. While absent he visited all the leading 
 European and Eastern countries, in addition to Palestine. 
 Upon his return he organized the Bank of Portsmouth, 
 under a charter of the State, and became its President. He 
 continued in his connection with this institution until 1S72, 
 when, under the authority of the National Banking act, he 
 organized the Kinney National Bank, and was chosen its 
 President, his son, J. W. Kinney, being installed as Cashier. 
 They still retain their respective positions. Colonel Kin- 
 ney has been for many years a prominent member of the 
 Episcopal Church in good standing, and has aided practi- 
 cally, to a considerable extent, the missionary and charitable 
 purposes which it controls. In 1856 he erected Christ 
 Church, in Portsmouth, at a cost of eight thousand dollars. 
 For twenty-one years he was a member of the City Council, 
 and for a major portion of this extended period its Presi- 
 dent. In this position he gave evidence of progressive 
 public spirit, and advocated and helped carry out many 
 public improvements and projects to enhance the material 
 as well as the moral well-being of his fellow-citizens. | 
 
 ] Than this he has held no other civil office. He is widely 
 known as an able and sagacious financier, and as a man of 
 liberal views and noble impulses. He has amassed a very 
 large fortune, and resides in a handsome suburban mansion 
 situated within a short distance of where he was born. He 
 is still in the possession of strong mental and physical 
 vigor, and attends with close attention to the discharge of 
 the important trusts confided to him. 
 
 at 
 
 UNGREN, SAMUEL SMITH, Physician and 
 Surgeon, was born in York county, Pennsylvania, 
 August 22d, 1827. He is of Swedish origin, his 
 grandfather, a native of Sweden, having settled 
 in America in ante-RevoIutionary times, and es- 
 tablished the first paper mill upon Chester creek, 
 a point below the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 
 His early life was spent in the vicinity of and within the 
 Quaker City, where he obtained his elementary education 
 in the common schools. While he was in the neighbor- 
 hood of his sixteenth year he entered the drug house of 
 French & Richards, in Philadelphia, on the corner of Tenth 
 and Market streets, and remained there until he had al- 
 most attained his majority. While thus employed he had 
 charge of the retail department of the establishment, and in 
 his leisure hours devoted his attention to the study of medi- 
 cine, and also the acquiring of Latin and French in the 
 night schools of the city. In October, 1848, he became a 
 student at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia; at- 
 tended a course of lectures at this institution, and graduated 
 there in March, 1850. Leaving Pennsylvania he then 
 moved to Hagerstown, Maryland, where he was engaged 
 in the practice of his profession during the ensuing two 
 years. He subsequently became, after mature study and 
 reflection, a convert to the system of Hahnemann, and at- 
 tended lectures at the Homoeopathic Medical College of 
 Philadelphia, whence he graduated in March, 1852. He 
 afterward continued to practise in accordance with the 
 tenets of the new system in Hagerstown, Maryland, until 
 November, i860, when, desiring to enter into a more ex- 
 tended field of action, he removed to Toledo, Ohio, where 
 he now resides, constantly and assiduously engaged in pro- 
 fessional labors, and in possession of the respect and con- 
 fidence of a community who recognize in him a skilful and 
 able practitioner. He is confessedly one of the leading 
 physicians and surgeons in the city and State of his adop- 
 tion, and has performed various surgical operations which 
 have been cited as the most remarkable cases of the kind 
 in Ohio and the Northwest. He devotes himself more par- 
 ticularly to uterine surgery, and in this branch of medical 
 science has, often under circumstances of peculiar and 
 perilous delicacy, encountered notable success. His re- 
 markably successful “ case of Ciesarean section ” was 
 crowned with the happiest results, “ both mother and child 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPHiDIA. 
 
 349 
 
 being saved.” The result in that operation was due in a 
 great measure to his use (probably the first on record) of 
 silver wire sutures in closing the uterine wound; the oper- 
 ation was performed May 8th, 1875. Within five weeks 
 after the operation the mother was able to perform her cus- 
 tomary domestic duties, including washing, and both are now 
 (February loth, 1876) living and in good health. He has 
 been President of the State Homoeopathic Medical Society, 
 and is a contributor to several medical journals, while, in 
 all matters pertaining to the advancement of medical sci- 
 ence, he is a zealous and efficient co-laborer. He was 
 married, June 1st, 1848, to Mary C. Swartzuelder, of 
 Hagerstown, Maryland; and again, June loth, 1875, to 
 Mrs. Minnie Farrar West, of Hudson, Ohio. 
 
 HITTAKER, JAME.S T., M. D., Physician and 
 Professor of Physiology in the Medical College 
 of Ohio, was born, March 3d, 1843, city 
 
 of Cincinnati, but during his earlier years resided 
 in the neighboring city of Covington, Kentucky. 
 He received a liberal education, which he com- 
 pleted at the Miami University, at 0 .\ford, Ohio, from 
 which institution he graduated in 1863, taking the first 
 honor in the natural sciences. After leaving college he 
 entered the army as a private in a three months’ volunteer 
 regiment from Covington, in which he remained during its 
 service. In the autumn of the last-named year he attended 
 the course of lectures delivered at the Medical College of 
 Ohio. When these were completed he again entered the 
 service and became a surgeon’s steward, being attached to 
 the United States steamer “ Reindeer,” of the hlississippi 
 river flotilla. During his term of service, which continued 
 for two years, he was twice promoted, and finally made 
 Acting Assistant-Surgeon, in charge of a hospital-boat 
 stationed at the mouth of the Cumberland river. At the 
 close of the war he was honorably discharged from the 
 service, with an invitation from the Bureau of Medicine and 
 Surgery at Washington to enter the regular navy. He de- 
 cided, however, to resume his medical studies, which he 
 pursued at the University of Pennsylvania, from which 
 ancient seat of learning he graduated in 1866. He then 
 returned home and attended another course of lectures in 
 the Medical College of Ohio, and received, in 1867, a 
 diploma from that institution. Shortly after this he entered 
 the Cincinnati Hospital, as Chief Resident Physician, where 
 he continued for a year, and then sailed for Europe. Dur- 
 ing his absence abroad he passerl two years among the 
 most celebrated clinics of the continent. On his return 
 home to Cincinnati ’ne was appointed Professor of Physi- 
 ology in the Medical College of Ohio, which position he 
 still occupies ; at the same time he received the appoint- 
 ment of Pathologist to the Good .Samaritan Hospital. After 
 serving for four years in the latter capacity he was ap- 
 
 pointed Lecturer on Clinical Medicine, and still holds this 
 position in that institution. He has been editor of the 
 C 7 /«A since its first issue, in 1871. This serial is the first 
 weekly medical journal established west of the Alleghenies. 
 Dr. Whittaker is a member of the various State and local 
 medical societies. 
 
 1 1 E, REV. LEVI, Clergyman, was born. May 
 2ist, 1798,111 Hamilton county, Ohio, being one 
 of a family of eleven children, eight sons and 
 three daughters. In 1815 young Levi and some 
 of his brothers joined the Methodist Church, of 
 which his mother and one sister had already be- 
 come members; and not long after his father and all the 
 other children united with the same faith and fold, and 
 their house became a preaching-place in the old Miami 
 Circuit. Levi, warm in his first love, received a clear con- 
 viction that it was his duty to preach the gospel ; and the 
 church recognized his gifts as well as his grace, and en- 
 couraged him to exercise those gifts in exhortation. He 
 was accordingly licensed as an exhorter by Alexander 
 Cummings, one of the early pioneer ministers. For several 
 years he was an efficient and successful exhorter, and then 
 received authority to preach. Having consecrated himself 
 to God’s service, he determined to devote his time and 
 talents wholly to the work of the ministry. In the autumn 
 of 1822 he was recommended by his district conference to 
 the Ohio Conference as a suitable person to be admitted 
 into the travelling ministry of the church. He was cordially 
 received and appointed to Oxford Circuit, and during the 
 period of forty-four years received the same number of 
 annual appointments from the authorities of the church, 
 cheerfully accepting them all and applying himself with un- 
 tiring zeal, energy and industry to promote the cause of' his 
 Divine Master. These appointments were confined to 
 twentv-two different circuits; in some of them belabored 
 only for a single year, while to others two, three, and in 
 one instance five years were passed in preaching the gospel, 
 though in a majority of instances the changes were made 
 with every successive year. He thus sustained an effective 
 relation to the conference throughout his whole career, 
 never suspending his itinerant labors for a single year. He 
 was always acceptable to the people among whom he 
 labored, and, judging from his abundant fruit, he was a 
 good preacher. He had many excellent and attractive 
 qualities of heart, mind and character. The cliildren of the 
 several congregations loved him, and received him into 
 their .Sund.ay-schools and home circles with a hearty wel- 
 come. His sermons were plain, practical and useful, and 
 often delivered with great power. He excelled as an ex- 
 horter, and his efforts in this respect were usually pathetic, 
 eloquent and powerful. During his long ministry he re- 
 ceived very many into the communion of the church, but 
 no record has been made of the number. To all these he 
 
350 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 was a good pastor to build them up in the faith and hope 
 of the gospel. In the administration of discipline the ten- 
 dencies of his nature ever inclined him to be lenient ; and 
 if he erred at all, it was sure to be on the side of mercy 
 and according to the judgment of charity. He loved his 
 family with the most intense affection, and next to his home 
 circle he loved the society of Methodist preachers. His 
 death was unexpected to himself and friends until it was 
 near at hand. Only ten days prior to its occurrence he 
 filled his appointments on the Lord’s day, preaching twice. 
 He was confined to his bed for three days only, and died 
 August 2 1st, 1866. 
 
 OWYER, WILLIAM AN.SON, Minister of the 
 Gospel, was born in Farmington, Trumbull 
 county, Ohio, February 2d, 1835. His father’s 
 people emigrated from the eastern part of Penn- 
 sylvania, and his mother’s from the State of 
 Massachusetts, at an early date, and were among 
 the first settlers of Trumbull county. He was raised on a 
 farm, and received the rudiments of his education in the 
 common schools of the neighborhood where he was brought 
 up, and afterwards developed it by his own efforts and 
 energies. In the fall of 1854 he left home and went to 
 Minnesota, where he spent his time working at whatever 
 came to his hand in that pioneer country, until the fall of 
 1856, when he returned to Ohio. On November 17th, 
 1854, a few weeks after his arrival in Minnesota, he formed 
 a matrimonial alliance with Julia A. Smith, who also went 
 from Ohio. She died of typhoid fever, December loth, 
 1856, soon after their return to Ohio. On June 24th, 1858, 
 he was again married to Louisa J. Cushman. In the month 
 of August, 1857, he was licensed to preach, and was em- 
 ployed by the presiding elder, as an assistant, to preach on 
 Thompson Circuit, in the Erie Conference of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church. In February, i860, he left his native 
 country again and went to the .State of California, where he 
 remained until the fall of 1861, spending the larger portion 
 of his time in the ministry, laboring in the employ of the 
 presiding elder in the California Conference. While en- 
 engaged in this work his health again failed, and he re- 
 turned to the place of his nativity, in Ohio, and was unable 
 to follow any kind of employment for a period of three 
 years. In the spring of 1863, his health having returned, 
 he united with the Allegheny Conference of the Wesleyan 
 Methodist Connection, where he labored successfully until 
 the spring of 1866, when he dissolved his connection with 
 that body and united with the Erie Conference of the 
 Methodist I-lpiscopal Church, in which he labored faithfully 
 and successfully during a term of five years, performing an 
 amount of labor that greatly overtaxed his physical powers, 
 so that in the winter of 1871 his health again failed, and he 
 was obliged to retire from the regular ministry. His wife 
 at the same time was an invalid, having suffered for more 
 
 than six years with pulmonary consumption, and having 
 been given up by her friends and physicians as a hopeless 
 case. His anxiety for her recovery induced him to give his 
 attention to the study of medicine, which led to the dis- 
 covery of a remedy the use of which, to the astonishment 
 of all her acquaintances, caused her to recover rapidly until 
 she was restored to remarkably good health (which she 
 still retains after the lapse of nearly four years). He then 
 began to manufacture the medicine for the use of others 
 afflicted in like manner, who used it with the most satis- 
 factory results ; and it was soon found that his discovery 
 possessed the most wonderful virtues, and he saw a grand 
 field open in which he could perform a large amount of 
 good by making the manufacture of his remedy a business, 
 which he is now doing in Cleveland, Ohio. His discovery 
 for the cure of consumption consists of two special rem- 
 edies, which are called Life Balsam for the Lungs and 
 Tonic Compound for the Blood, and both together are 
 named Bowyer’s Specific Remedy for Consumption and 
 General Debility. His study and extensive research into 
 the science of medicine has also resulted in the discovery 
 of a very superior remedy for pain, which is known as 
 Bowyer’s King of Pain. Mr. Bowyer now sustains the 
 relation to the conference of a supernumerary member, and 
 exercises his gifts in the ministry as he has occasion, labor- 
 ing to the best of his ability to do good both to the souls 
 and bodies of the human family. 
 
 EATRICK, JOHN F., Attorney and Insurance 
 Agent, was born in the old Arcade building, 
 Chambersburg, Franklin county, Pennsylvania, 
 November 26th, 1829. In the fall of 1834 he 
 moved with his parents, also natives of Pennsyl- 
 vania, to Fredericksburg, Wayne county, Ohio, 
 where he attended school until his eighteenth year was 
 attained. He then remov'ed to St. Paul, Minnesota, there 
 remaining until 1851, when he returned to Fredericksburg, 
 Ohio, where he resided until March, 1853. He afterward 
 visited Defiance, Ohio, purposing to establish a woollen 
 factory in this place ; ' but, after remaining there through a 
 summer, he concluded to relinquish his design, prospects 
 appearing not sufficiently favorable. He then taught school 
 during one winter, and subsequently, for two years, was 
 engaged in agricultural pursuits. He then moved into the 
 city and entered the law office of David Taylor, his wife’s 
 brother, and, after completing a course of legal studies, was 
 admitted to practise about the year 1856. In 1858 he 
 connected himself with the insurance business, primarily as 
 ■Special Agent for the Phoenix Insurance Company, of 
 Hartford, which position he retained for ten years. At the 
 present time he still controls an extensive agency business 
 for the leading fire insurance companies of the countiy, and 
 is widely and favorably known as an energetic and able 
 
L. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 351 
 
 man of business. Ovving undoubtedly to tbe fact that he 
 has always been a consistent and an active ally of the Re- 
 publican party in a county which is controlled strongly by 
 Democratic views, he has never held any public office. He 
 has been a candidate, however, of the Republican party for 
 the position of Probate Judge, and also of Representative, 
 an office for which he is admirably qualified by his all- 
 embracing knowledge of the many interests, great and 
 small, centring in his section of the State. On the organi- 
 zation of the Defiance Insurance Company he was chosen 
 one of the Directors, and by the body of Directors was 
 elected Manager and Secretary of the enterprise ; in this 
 insurance company he is a heavy stockholder and possesses 
 much influence. He is a stockholder and Director also in 
 the Defiance National Bank, and is Deputy United States 
 Marshal of the Northern District of Ohio, a position held by 
 him since 1862. He was married, December 28th, 1853, in 
 Findley, Ohio, by Rev. J. F. Kellam, to Nan Taylor, daugh- 
 ter of Hon. John Taylor, ex-member of the Ohio Senate. 
 
 Tfl'l ENOCH G., Chief of the Fire Depart- 
 
 ment of Cincinnati, was born in that city June 
 ^11 I 20th, 1820, and is the second of three children, 
 whose parents were Joseph and Mary (Gest) 
 J Megrue, natives of Clermont county, Ohio. His 
 ancestry on both sides of the family were of Revo- 
 lutionary stock, and were also active participants in the last 
 war with Great Britain, and were also among the earliest 
 settlers in the State of Ohio. His father was a merchant at 
 Millford, Clermont county, Ohio, where he died in the year 
 1822 at the early age of twenty-two, from excessive phle- 
 botomy, it being the common practice among the physicians 
 of those days to resort to blood-letting as a cure for every 
 disease; his mother died in Cincinnati in the year 1864. 
 The early education of Enoch was a liberal one, and ob- 
 tained in the schools of his native city. When but eleven 
 years of age he entered the blacksmith shop of Isaac Treat, 
 where he continued for about three years; and to this occu- 
 pation, at so youthful an age, united with good habits, may 
 be attributed much of his past and present physical strength 
 and power of endurance. He next entered the machine 
 shop of Jabez Reynolds, and there familiarized himself with 
 that business, especially in the “finishing” department. 
 After remaining there nearly four years, in the latter part 
 of June, 1836, he learned the cabinet-making and furniture 
 business with P. Rust & Son, and this occupation confined 
 his attention for about seven years ; subsequently he carried 
 on the business of an undertaker. He had been a promi- 
 nent and active member of the Volunteer Fire Department 
 up to the date of the organization of the “ Cincinnati Fire 
 Department” on February 9th, 1853, with one steam fire- 
 engine, the “ Uncle Joe Ross; ” and four weeks thereafter, 
 March gth, 1853, the whole “paid department” was put in 
 
 full operation by ordinance of the City Council. J. H. 
 Walker was the first chairman of the Committee on Fire 
 Department. On April ist, 1855, F. G. Megrue became 
 Assistant Engineer, and performed the duties of that office 
 for two years, when he was appointed Chief, April 1st, 1857, 
 by Council, and has served ever since, a period of nearly 
 nineteen years, with great faithfulness and efficiency in this 
 most honorable and responsible office. It may be observed 
 in this connection that since Captain Megrue was first en- 
 rolled in the Paid Fire Department it has become, as a 
 system, inferior to none other of a like character in the 
 United States. The year 1853 was the date when steam 
 fire-engines were first introduced, and Cincinnati was the 
 birthplace of these valuable and efficient machines in 
 America. Cincinnati now claims her Fire Department as 
 the model one of the United States, and one of the most 
 efficient in the world. Her system has been and is being 
 adopted everywhere in the country. Every movement is 
 made with a promptness, celerity and system, which it has 
 taken years of close attention and discipline to attain. On 
 April 29th, 1873, State Legislature passed an Act to 
 create a Board of Fire Commissioners, to be appointed by 
 the Mayor of Cincinnati. P. W. Strader became the first 
 President of the Board, and was succeeded by John L. 
 Thompson, April ist, 1874. The appointments of the mem- 
 bers of this Board are made irrespective of the political 
 opinions of these gentlemen ; they are selected from among 
 the best citizens, and are five in number. The control of 
 the Fire Department is entirely in their hands, and every 
 member of the department is thoroughly and completely 
 devoted to its service. When an appointment is made, the 
 only question considered is whether the appointee is morally 
 and physically capable of performing his duties, and whether 
 he is sober, industrious and brave, and there is a spirit of 
 emulation and “esprit du corps” to be found in no other 
 department. Another cause of the success which has at- 
 tended the Cincinnati Fire Department is in its magnificent 
 apparatus. As already stated. Captain Megrue has held his 
 position since April ist, 1857, having been re elected Chief 
 immediately prior to the expiration of each term of office. 
 In June, 1873, he was elected for a term of three years; 
 and such is the universal confidence reposed in him by the 
 citizens of Cincinnati, regardless of politics, that there is no 
 doubt of his retention in the position. Upon the organiza- 
 tion of the Fire Alarm Telegraph Department by the City 
 Council, he became its Superintendent in addition to his 
 duties as Chief Engineer. Religiously, politically and 
 socially, he is a man of liberal views. As an admiral of 
 the fleet owes his allegiance to the government symbolized 
 by the flag that floats above him, so does Captain Megrue 
 bend his every faculty to render still more efficient the 
 noble fire department with which he has been connected in 
 some capacity for over thirty-eight years. He is undoubt- 
 edly a man of great integrity of character, of dauntless 
 courage, of excellent judgment and indomitable resohition. 
 
352 
 
 BIOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 Ilis life has been, on very many occasions, in the most 
 imminent danger, and in a dozen cases at least have his 
 wounds been of a serious nature. During a large fire in 
 Cincinnati in July, 1875, he was buried in the falling ruins 
 with eleven of his daring men — three of whom were killed 
 — and was completely obscured, to be dug out after two 
 hours’ work by his department in a crippled condition, 
 from which he is slowly recovering. The general gloom 
 which overhung the city when the knowledge of his severe 
 injuries became publicly known, and the countless inquiries 
 at head-quarters as to his condition, attested the high de- 
 gree of estimation in which he is held by all classes of the 
 people. Captain Megriie was married, December 25th, 
 1845, to Ann Levy, a native of Kentucky, a sister of 
 Captain George Levy, now Chief Engineer of the Louisville 
 p'ire Department, and is the father of six children. 
 
 ENEY, JOSHUA ROBERT, ex-Judge and Law- 
 yer, was born at Tiffin, Ohio, March 30th, 1839. 
 Ilis grandfather, Joshua Seney, married a daugh- 
 ter of Commodore Nicholson, was a member of 
 the first Congress of the United States, and re- 
 signed his seat in the second Congress to accept 
 a judicial office in Maryland. His father, Joshua Seney, 
 was commissioned by President Jackson as a Federal Judge 
 of Pennsylvania, but never qualified. He was four years at 
 Antioch College, Ohio, during the Presidency of Horace 
 Mann, and subsequently entered the junior class of Union 
 College, New York, where he graduated in i860. He read 
 law under Judge Pill.irs at Tiffin, and was admitted to prac- 
 tise at Fremont, Ohio, in 1862. Was Sutler of the loist 
 Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantiy from 1862 until his 
 removal to Toledo. He came to Toledo in December, 
 1864, where he has since resided. Was elected a Judge 
 of the Court of Common Pleas of the Fourth Judicial Dis- 
 trict of Ohio in April, 1871, which office he resigned in 
 October, 1874, to resume the practice of his profession. He 
 was married at Kalida, Ohio, December 24th, 1867, to 
 Julia Rice, a sister of General Rice, member of Congress 
 from the Fifth District. He votes the Democratic ticket. 
 
 TEEDMAN, JAMES BLAIR, Printer, Soldier, 
 and Major-General United States Volunteers, was 
 born, July 29th, 1817, in Chillisquaque township, 
 Northumberland county, Penn.sylvania, of Scotch 
 parentage. He received his education in a village 
 school house in Lewisburg, Union county, in the 
 same State. He became an orphan when thirteen years old, 
 and was obliged to labor hard to earn a support for himself, 
 sister and two brothers, and after leaving school became an 
 apprentice to the printing business. He next became en- 
 
 gaged on the public works as a contractor, in which avo- 
 cation he continued for eight years. He was elected a 
 member of the Ohio Legislature in 1841, and re-elected in 
 1842. In 1851 he was elected a member and President of 
 the Board of Public Works of Ohio, and served for a period 
 of four years in that office. In 1857 he was elected Printer 
 to the House of Representatives of the United States. On 
 the outbreak of the rebellion he was elected, by the votes 
 of the members of the 14th Regiment Ohio Volunteers, 
 the Colonel of that command, and immediately left for the 
 field. With this regiment he took the town of Parkersburg, 
 Virginia, in May, 1861, capturing a large amount of rolling 
 stock in the railroad depot. He then moved, with his 
 command, on the northwestern branch of the Baltimore & 
 Ohio Railroad to Webster, rebuilding the bridges over 
 Petroleum and Toll Gate creeks, which had been destroyed 
 by the enemy; this work was completed in thirty hours. 
 He participated, with his regiment, in the battle of Philippi, 
 June 3d, 1861, and led the advance in pursuit of the rebels 
 under General Garnet, from Laurel Hill to Garrick’s P'ord, 
 where his regiment attacked Garnet’s command, fighting it 
 alone for forty-five minutes, killing the general and routing 
 his forces. In July, 1861, he returned home and reorgan- 
 ized the regiment, of which he was appointed Colonel, and, 
 with his command, went to Kentucky in September, 1861, 
 reporting to General George H. Thomas, commanding 
 Camp Dick Robinson. He was sent, with his regiment, by 
 order of General Thomas, to Bourbon county, where he 
 broke up and dispersed a rebel regiment which was being 
 organized by Humphrey Marshall. He then returned to 
 Camp Dick Robinson, when he was sent, with his com- 
 mand, to Wild Cat, which he reached in time to save the 
 2d Kentucky Regiment under Colonel Garrard, and assist 
 in whipping and routing the rebels under General Zolli- 
 coffer. He then marched to Lebanon, Kentucky, where 
 he joined Thomas and thence proceeded to Mill .Springs, in 
 which battle he commanded his regiment. He returned 
 with Thomas to Lebanon, thence marched to Louisville ; 
 and immediately after the fall of Fort Donelson went with 
 his regiment to Nashville. From this latter city he marched 
 to Shiloh, and, under the command of General Thomas, 
 participated in that battle. After the fall of Corinth he was 
 engaged in the pursuit of Bragg’s army. He served with 
 Thomas in the campaign, which culminated in the battle 
 of Perryville, Kentucky, in which action, having been 
 promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General, he commanded 
 the brigade of General R. L. McCook, who had been mur- 
 dered in Alabama. In the battle of Stone River he was on 
 the extreme right flank, but his troops were not engaged. 
 After this battle he was assigned to the First Division of the 
 Army of the Cumberland, ten thousand strong, and posted 
 at Triune, Tennessee, where, for sixty days, his command 
 was almost daily engaged in skirmishing with the enemy. 
 In May, 1863, he was assigned to the command of the post 
 of Murfreesboro’ and the railroad defences, and in the fol- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 353 
 
 lowing August was relieved from this command by General 
 Rosecrans, and ordered to the front in command of the 
 First Division of the Reserve Corps. On September l6th, 
 1S63, he received orders to make a reconnoissance in the 
 direction of Ringgold, Georgia, and marched to that point, 
 skirmishing with the enemy lor three hours before reaching 
 the town. After a severe skirmish with the advance of 
 Longstreet’s corps he fell back to the Chickamauga river, 
 where he received an order to hold the bridge, on which 
 the main road from Chattanooga to Atlanta crossed that 
 stream. This position he held during the 19th, the f.rst 
 day of the battle of Chickamauga. On Sunday, the 20th, 
 he abandoned the bridge and went to the support of Gen- 
 eral Thomas, arriving, with his command, in time to save 
 the remnant of the army on the field from rout and capture. 
 His command sufifered severely, losing about three thousand 
 men in two hours. His horse was shot under him. For the 
 part he bore in this terrible battle he was made a Major- 
 General, on a telegram to President Lincoln asking his 
 promotion for distinguished and gallant services on the 
 field, and signed by Generals Rosecrans, Thomas and 
 Granger. When General Sherman advanced from Chatta- 
 nooga in April, 1864, General Steedman was assigned to 
 the command of the District of the Etowah, extending 
 from Stevenson, Alabama, to the rear line of the army, and 
 to control the railroads in the head-quarters at Chatta- 
 nooga. This position he held until the close of the war. 
 In June, 1864, the rebel cavalry under General Wheeler 
 having passed around the right flank of Sherman, struck the 
 railroad nine miles south of Dalton, Georgia, where he 
 captured two companies of the 8th Iowa Infantry. He 
 then invested Dalton with fifty-five hundred cavalry, de- 
 manding the surrender of the garrison — the 2d Missouri 
 Infantry — under the command of Colonel Siebald, who 
 refused to surrender ; and General Steedman, in personal 
 command of two regiments, the 14th United States Colored 
 and the 58th Indiana Infantry, moved by railroad, reached 
 a point nine miles north of Dalton, where he left the cars 
 and moved stealthily in the night close up to the enemy, 
 where he halted, and at daylight rushed upon him, routing 
 with twelve hundred men Wheeler’s entire force, and 
 re.scuing the garrison. When Hood — after Sherman moved 
 in his “ March to the Sea” — menaced Nashville, General 
 Steedman without waiting for orders went with fourteen 
 thousand men on fourteen trains of cars from Chattanooga 
 to Nashville, arriving in time to participate in the battle. 
 He was placed in command of the left wing of Thomas’ 
 army, and made the first attack on Hood’s forces, driving 
 them over half a mile and capturing two lines of earth- 
 works. On the second day he united wdth the Fourth 
 Corps, under the command of General T. L. Wood, and 
 being the ranking officer General Steedman directed the 
 operations of both corps and routed the enemy at Overton 
 Hill. After the battle he was sent by General Thomas, 
 with his corps, by way of Murfreesboro’ to Stevenson and 
 45 
 
 Huntsville, if possible, to intercept the routed, fieeing rebels 
 under Hood at P'lorence, but the main body of the enemy 
 had crossed the Tennessee river before Steedman reached 
 P'lorence. His command, however, broke up and captured 
 a large number of rebel cavalry under General Rhoddy. 
 He then returned to Chattanooga, and was shortly after- 
 wards assigned to the command of the State of Georgia, 
 with his head-quarters at Augusta, where he remained until 
 April, 1866, when he was detailed, by order of Secretary 
 Stanton, to make a tour of the Southern States and inspect 
 the Freedmen’s Bureau, which service he duly performed, 
 and in September, 1866, resigned his commission of (full) 
 Major-General. In P'ebruary, 1867, he was appointed Col- 
 lector of Internal Revenue at New Orleans. After his re- 
 turn to Ohio he was elected a member of the Constitutional 
 Convention of Ohio, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the 
 resignation of Hon. M. R. Waite, who had been appointed 
 Chief-Justice of the United States Supreme Court. General 
 Steedman has been twice married. His first wdfe, to whom 
 he was united in 1838, was Sarah M. Stiles. He was again 
 married, in 1874, to Rose H. Barr, who died February 7th, 
 1876. He is now editor of the A’orthern Ohio Democrat, 
 published at Toledo, Ohio. 
 
 EAN, HON. EZRA V., Lawyer, was born, October 
 22d, 1825, at Wooster, Wayne county, Ohio, and 
 is the eldest of two children, whose parents w'ere 
 Ezra and Eliza (Naylor) Dean. His father 
 (whose biographical sketch appears elsewhere in 
 this volume) was a native of Columbia county. 
 New York, of English extraction, and follow'ed an agricul- 
 tural life during his youth, afterwards becoming a prominent 
 attorney-at-law ; he was also an officer during the war of 
 1812, and an early settler in Ohio, locating at Wooster in 
 1822, where he married Eliza, daughter of William Naylor, 
 farmer and surveyor, who had removed from Elizabeth- 
 town, Allegheny county, I’ennsylvania, in 1813, and settled 
 in Wooster. This family was of .Scotch-Irish ancestry. 
 She died in July, 1872, about six months after the death of 
 Judge Dean. Their son, Ezra V., was most carefully 
 trained by his parents in both moral and industrious habits. 
 He received a liberal education both at Oberlin and Hud- 
 son Colleges in Ohio, concluding his studies at Jefferson 
 College, Cannonsburg, Pennsylvania, from which institution 
 of learning he graduated in the class of 1847. The follow- 
 ing year he commenced reading law with his father, and 
 for a period of four years was so occupied. He was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1850, and immediately became an asso- 
 ciate with hts father in the practice of his profession. In 
 1853 he was elected to the lower branch of the Legislature, 
 wherein he served one term of two years, and was at that 
 time the youngest member of that body. In 1862 he accom- 
 panied the I20th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry aa 
 
354 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL EAXVCLOICEDIA. 
 
 Quartermaster, and was subsequently made Brigade Quar- 
 termaster, serving as such for some considerable time. He 
 saw service mainly in the Southwest, being present during 
 the siege and at the surrender of Vicksburg. He remained 
 in Wooster until the autumn of 1864, engaged in the active 
 control of an extensive legal practice in connection with his 
 father. At the date last mentioned, he removed to Ironton, 
 Lawrence county, where he was joined by his father in 
 1S67, and where he has since resided and continued the prac- 
 tice of his profession, and been the recipient of an extensive 
 patronage. In 1867 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney 
 of Lawrence county, notwithstanding it was a Republican 
 stronghold, and he was a candidate for the Legislature in 
 1S73. IIs ever been identified with the Democratic 
 party, and cast his first vote for Lewis Cass, the candidate 
 of the regular Democrats in 1848. In religious faith he is 
 a Presbyterian. Socially he is pleasant and affable. His 
 integrity of character is unquestionable, and he has ever 
 been remarkable for untiring energy and industry. He was 
 married, 1 85 1, to Charlotte, a daughter of Daniel W'eaver, 
 of Wooster. 
 
 IRBV, JACOB, and his twin brother. Colonel 
 Moses H. Kirby, of Upper Sandusky, Ohio, were 
 born in Halifax county, Virginia, on May 21st, 
 1798, the children of Obediah and Ruth Kirby, 
 who were of the Orthodox Friends’ persuasion. 
 Obediah Kirby died in 1808, in Halifax county, 
 Virginia, leaving his wife and five sons surviving him. In 
 1S14 the widow, with her four surviving sons (the eldest, 
 Samuel, having been killed in the defence of Norfolk, Vir- 
 ginia, in the war of 1812), removed from Virginia and 
 settled in Hillsborough, Ohio, where she remained for some 
 time, until after the marriage of her sons, with whom she 
 made her home alternately until 1838, when she died at the 
 house of her son John, in Upper Sandusky, Ohio. The 
 widowed mother bestowed all her energy and means in 
 giving to her twdn sons a liberal education. At an early 
 age they were sent to a classical school taught by the Rev. 
 James Gilleland, near Ripley, Ohio, where they were pre- 
 pared for college, and from that school were sent by their 
 mother to the University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill, 
 where they graduated in 1819. After they had finished 
 their collegiate education, they returned to Ohio, where 
 Jacob commenced the study of medicine, and Moses that 
 of law'. During the study of his profession, Jacob was sent 
 to Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky, in the 
 medical department of which he graduated in 1823, Dr. 
 Dudley being at that time President. After his return from 
 Transylvania University he commenced the practice of med- 
 icine in Hillsborough, Ohio, in partnership with Dr. Jasper 
 Hand, an eminent and highly educated physician from 
 Philadelphia, and from 1823 up to his last illness, a period 
 of nearly fifty years, among his various other public duties. 
 
 Dr. Jacob Kirby continuously pursued the practice of his 
 profession in Highland county, in the most laborious, suc- 
 cessful and unselfish manner. On P'ebruary 28th, 1825, Dr. 
 Kirby was united by marriage to Rachel Woodrow', second 
 daughter of Joshua and Nancy Woodrow, of Hillsborough, 
 Ohio. From 1829 to 1835 he with Hiram Campbell con- 
 trolled and edited the Hillsborough Gazette. In 1834 he w'as 
 elected to the House of Representatives, and in 1835 to the 
 State Senate from the counties of Highland and Fayette. 
 Moses H. Kirby, the tw'in brother, studied law with General 
 Richard Collins, and after his admission to the bar was 
 appointed Prosecuting Attorney in 1S25 for Highland 
 county, and continued in that office until 1830; he also 
 represented Highland county in the Legislature in 1826, 
 r827 and 1830. During this last term of service he w'as 
 elected Secretary of State, and after the expiration of his 
 term of office as Secretary, never made Highland county his 
 home. At this period the dual life of the twin brothers in 
 their joint and several action and influence in Highland 
 county ceased ; but though separated, their love, like that 
 of David and Jonathan, was wonderful, as was evinced by 
 Colonel Kirby’s touching remark after the burial of his 
 brother, “ I feel like half of me is gone.” Dr. Kirby, by 
 his marriage with Rachel Woodrow (who was also of 
 Quaker parentage), became united w'ith a large and influen- 
 tial family, and by the joint birthright of himself and wife 
 with the Friends, he was always devoted to that people 
 and they to him. He left surviving him his w'idow, Rachel 
 Kirby, and tw'o daughters, Mrs. Ann Smith, wife of Dr. 
 William R. .Smith, and their four children; IJzzie Kirby, 
 the youngest daughter, and also the children of his second 
 daughter (deceased), Mrs. Ruth Pugsley, formerly wife of 
 Mr. Walter Pugsley, all of w'hom W'ere as profound mourners 
 at his death as they had been in every relation devoted to 
 him in his life. On March 26th, 1S73, he died at near the 
 completion of his seventy-fifth year. In the relation of son, 
 husband, and father, he cherished the most sensitive regard 
 and care, though he studiously abstained from mere displays 
 in the observation of the world. His character w'as well 
 defined by individuality. With a nature exceedingly sensi- 
 tive, he approached the discharge of every public and pro- 
 fessional duty with caution, but yet with a quiet determina- 
 tion and industrious purpose to accomplish whatsoever, on 
 any occasion, seemed to him to be his duty. Unobtrusive 
 in his manners, and utterly void of policy, he possessed the 
 art of attaching to himself, in all classes of society, and 
 among a wide circle of acquaintances in the State, a peculiar 
 confidence and esteem. Eccentric in his manners and ex- 
 pressions of thought, he frequently appeared to disdain the 
 conventionalities of society, yet at the same time he was 
 remarkably refined in his feelings, possessing a keen appre- 
 ciation of kindness, and almost a morbid aversion to giving 
 trouble. His innocent unselfish honesty grappled to him 
 with hooks of steel the confidence of all who consulted him, 
 whether in his profession or about their troubles, and his 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 355 
 
 admitted knowledge and undoubted scholarship made him 
 a champion upon all occasions in the cause of education, 
 sound morals, and the elevation of the tone of society for all 
 permanent and useful purposes. Knowledge was his ideal, 
 and hence he was always an inquisitive student. Simplicity 
 of taste was his shield against covetousness and the display 
 of riches, and hence in the ministration of his profession, 
 among the rich and the poor, he was perfectly indifferent to 
 the worldly circumstances of his patient, never claiming 
 what the rich ought to pay him, never complaining if the 
 poor did not pay him. His services were scattered like 
 autumn leaves, and no account of them was kept in any 
 book, no promissory note evidenced the value of his labors, 
 no bank account ever showed his deposits, no hidden chest 
 ever concealed his gold. Medical phrase would now here 
 naturally flow to the pen, in expanding and bringing out the 
 peculiar and most striking features of Dr. Kirby’s character, 
 but the daily events of a laborious life, unrecompensed toil, 
 profound sympathy with human suffering, indifference as to 
 personal health and comfort whilst absorbed in the discharge 
 of duty, and a striking modesty in claiming his dues, super- 
 sedes the use of phrases. Thoroughly educated in every 
 department of his profession, and thoroughly skilled and 
 practised in the most of them, he gave especial attention to 
 obstetrics, and for fifty years, in palace and hovel, through 
 all hours of summer’s scorching sunshine and winter’s storm 
 and darkness, was he hastened to the home of the sufferer, 
 and on such occasions, numbering near four thousand, suc- 
 cess has embalmed him in the grateful memory of woman. 
 
 J. Benham, and Edward D. Mansfield; of those able pre- 
 ceptors, but one, E. D. Mansfield, is now living. In the 
 spring of 1837 he was admitted to the bar, and in the ensu- 
 ing fall commenced the practice of law in Columbus, Ohio, 
 having in October of that year married Mary, the daughter 
 of John C. Wright. In the spring of 1840, however, he 
 returned to Cincinnati, where he has since resided, and 
 entered the law firm of Wright & Walker. His political 
 attachments allied him originally with the W’hig party, to 
 which he belonged so long as it maintained its organization. 
 He afterward, until the close of the civil war, acted with 
 the Republican organization. He has outlived his partisan 
 feeling, however, and of late years exercised the privilege 
 of an independent voter, having regard mainly to the ability 
 and integrity of candidates for office rather than to their 
 party affiliations. His life has been devoted chiefly to his 
 profession, and he has never sought political office, nor had 
 any taste for the alluring turmoil and exciting warfare of 
 party politics. He was for a short time one of the Judges 
 of the Superior Court of Cincinnati, having been appointed, 
 by Governor Hayes to fill the vacancy on that bench occa- 
 sioned by the resignation of the late Judge Stover; and in 
 the fall of 1873 was elected a member from Hamilton 
 county of the late Constitutional Convention of Ohio, to fill 
 a vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Josiah L. Keck. 
 These responsible positions were filled by him wdth fidelity, 
 and an ability which secured the warm commendation of 
 the bench and bar as w'ell as the general community. Apart 
 also from his professional attainments, his fund of scholarly, 
 literary’ and general knowledge is rich and varied. 
 
 IXER, HON. JOHN L., ex-Judge and Lawyer, 
 was born in what is now Madison county, Ohio, 
 March 8th, 1810. His father, Isaac Miner, a 
 native of Massachusetts, removed from Chenango 
 county. New York, to Ohio, in 1806. As a rep- 
 resentative in the Legislature, from Madison 
 county, and afterwards as a member and President of the 
 Board of Canal Commissioners, he became w'ell and favor- 
 ably known among the leading men of the State of his day ; 
 in 1822 he purchased a farm on the w'est side of the Scioto 
 river, just below Columbus, where he died in December, 
 1831. The subject of this sketch entered Kenyon College 
 in the fall. of 1827, then located temporarily near Worth- 
 ington, in Eranklin county, Ohio, but removed the following 
 summer to Gambier, Knox county, its permanent location. 
 He was a student under the presidency of its foumler. 
 Philander Chase, the first Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal 
 Church of Ohio, and graduated in the summer of 1832, in 
 the second graduating class. In the fall of 1835 he moved 
 to Cincinnati, and entered the office of Salmon P. Chase, 
 late Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 
 as a student of law, and attended the Cincinnati Law' School, 
 then in charge of John C. Wright, Timothy Walker, Joseph 
 
 ALDWIN, SEYMOUR WESLEY, Merchant and 
 Bank Director, is of New England birth, having 
 been born in Meriden, Connecticut, on July 29th, 
 1807. He was a farmer’s son, and his experience 
 was that of farmers’ boys in general, at that day 
 in particular. He worked on the farm as the 
 principal business to be done, and obtained his education 
 as the exigencies of farm labor permitted. In this manner, 
 working on the farm in the summer and attending the dis- 
 trict school in the winter, he occupied himself until he was 
 eighteen years of age. Then he left the farm and left the 
 school, and entered upon commercial pursuits as a Yankee 
 pedlar. He succeeded in this line of business, and re- 
 mained in it until 1835. Then he decided that the time 
 had come to go into mercantile life on a more ambitious 
 scale. He believed in the West as a field of enterprise, 
 and accordingly removed to Elyria, Ohio, where he started 
 in the dry-goods business. He has resided there ever since, 
 engaged in business as an extensive and exceedingly pros- 
 perous dry-goods merchant. His success in his mercantile 
 career has been great and uninterrupted, and no man in the 
 country has been blessed with a greater degree of business 
 
356 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 prosperity. He is energetic, enterprising and active, and i 
 promptly and fully as he meets all the requirements of his 
 individual business, he has lime and energy to bestow on 
 other matters. He is a Director of the National Bank of 
 Elyria, and takes an active interest in all measures calculated 
 to forward the welfare of the community. He was also 
 elected first President of the Home Bank of West Meiiden, 
 Connecticut. Politically he Avas an early Whig; later he 
 acted with the men who formed the anti-slavery party, and 
 since the organization of the Republican party he has 
 worked consistently with that party. His first vote was 
 cast for John Quincy Adams, for President. His life of 
 hard work was pleasantly interrupted in 1870, by a tour of 
 several months in Europe. In 1830 he married Mary E. 
 Candee, who died in .September, 1836. Ilis present Avife, 
 P’idelia Hall, he married in 1837. 
 
 f YEAR, HON. J. W., Journalist and Legislator, 
 Avas born in Carlisle, BroAvn county, Ohio, on 
 March i ith, 1S47. By profession a neAvspaper 
 man, he is at the present Avriting (March, 1876) 
 Editor and Publisher of the People's Defender, at 
 West Union. At the October election of 1875 
 he was elected to represent his county (Adams) in the Ohio 
 Legislature. Of that body he is one of the youngest mem- 
 bers. 
 
 
 I 
 
 I WENS, WILLIAM, M. D., Professor of Materia 
 Medica and Ther.ipeutics in the Pulte Medical 
 College of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born in Warren, 
 Trumbull county, Ohio, April 24th, 1823. His 
 parents were natives of this country. His early 
 education Avas obtained in the country schools of 
 a sparsely settled di.strict, and his acquirements, at the age 
 of thirteen, must have been of the most meagre character, 
 since, up to that period of his life, he had attended the ses- 
 sions but two quarters in each year. Through the winter 
 months of his earlier years, on account of the distance of 
 the school from his home, and the prevalence of heavy 
 snow-storms, he was obliged to relinquish his studies, and 
 satisfy his craving for knoAvledge by reading all the books 
 belonging to his father, or which could he borroAved from 
 his neighbors. His course of reading developed in him a 
 great fondness for travel, Avhich Avas subsequently gratified 
 by his departure from home, in company with an in\'alid 
 army officer, AA’ith Avhom he visited Florida, the West Indies, 
 and South America. After thus spending tAvo years in 
 rambling hither and thither, he became anxious to learn a 
 useful business or profession, and, in accordance with that 
 desire, returned to Ohio, and in Cincinnati applied himself 
 to the trade of cooper, as one Avhich would permit him to 
 devote one portion of his time to labor and the other to 
 
 study. In the spring of 1843 entered WoodAvard Col- 
 lege as a beneficiary, and aftei Avard Avas engaged for a time 
 in working at his traeje during one-half of the day, and in 
 attending the college recitations during the other half, while 
 he studied his lessons in the hours formerly devoted to 
 sleep or recreation. He continued this manner of life, 
 often changing his Avorkshop and master, until early in the 
 spring of 1846, Avhen an opportunity Avas offered him to 
 enter a drug .store, as assistant. In the folIoAving May the 
 Mexican Avar broke out, and he then enlisted in the 1st 
 Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Company E, com- 
 manded by Captain J. B. Armstrong. Shortly after arriving 
 at the theatre of Avar he was appointed Hospital Steward 
 for his regiment, and in this capacity served faithfully until 
 the cessation of hostilities. During the conflict he Avas en- 
 gaged in nearly all of the more important battles under 
 General Taylor. Upon being mustered out of the service, 
 he returned to Cincinnati, and resumed his former position 
 in the drug store, where he remained until iSqg, the date 
 of his graduation in medicine. While thus employed he 
 had attended lectures during the day, and at night served 
 as night-clerk. During the intervals between the Avdnter 
 courses of lectures he gave his attention closely to the drug 
 business and his studies, taking four full courses before 
 graduating. After his graduation, Avith high honors, he 
 was immediately appointed Demonstrator of Anatomy in 
 the Eclectic Medical College, and retained that position 
 during the folloAving two years. In the ensuing year he 
 was solicited to take the same office in the Western College 
 of Homoeopathy, at Cleveland, Ohio. That position he 
 accepted, and, Avhile filling it, attended a full course of 
 lectures upon the Homoeopathic Materia Medica and Thera- 
 peutics. In the spring of 1852 he again returned to Cin- 
 cinnati, and there resumed his professional labors. In the 
 autumn of 1855 he purchased an interest in a Water Cure 
 establishment at Granville, Ohio, and sustained his connec- 
 tion Avith this enterprise until, at the expiration of tAvo years, 
 it proved to be a financial failure. He then moved to 
 Yellow Springs, Ohio, and there embarked in the same 
 business, taking in a partner as financial manager, in order 
 to permit him to devote his entire attention to the medical 
 management of the institution. At the end of eighteen 
 months he found that he had lost all the money invested by 
 him in the business, and also Av.as surprised at the discovery 
 of the fact that all the available property Avas in the hands 
 of his partner. In November, 1858, he returned to Cincin- 
 nati, hoping to retrieve his Avasted fortunes in this city, and 
 find a less ruinous road to affluence. He had abandoned 
 faith in “financial managers.” In the spring of 1861, after 
 the lapse of two years and six months, his circumstances 
 were not less straitened, and, on the outbreak of the South- 
 ern rebellion, he assisted in organizing tAVO companies for 
 the war. One, of infantry, could not be accepted ; the 
 other, of cav.alry, Avas attached to the 5th Regiment of Ohio 
 Volunteers. In that company (K) he accepted a commis- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 357 
 
 sion as First Lieutenant, and during the ensuing conflict 
 held many important positions of danger, responsibility, and 
 trust. As First Lieutenant, and subsequently as Captain, 
 his record is wholly honorable, and he was several limes 
 commended “by special order” for courage, fidelity, and 
 intelligence. As Acting Assistant Surgeon, Acting Assist- 
 ant Quartermaster, and Acting Assistant Commissary, his 
 accounts were always found to be entirely correct, and were 
 invariably approved by the department. In July, 1863, he 
 was commissioned a Captain in his regiment, and took 
 command of the company in whose organization he had 
 assisted. At the battle of Shiloh his company was detailed 
 to watch the Confederate movements on the Federal right 
 flank, and, after the action, he was assigned to look after 
 the sick and wounded, and to take special charge of those 
 who belonged to his own regiment until they were all on 
 board of steamers for the Northern hospitals. He afterward 
 rejoined his command in front of Corinth, and took an 
 active part in scouting service in the vicinity of the enemy’s 
 lines. On two occasions he assisted in cutting off the rebel 
 railroad communications in their rear, measures which ulti- 
 mately compelled the evacuation of this stronghold. He 
 took part also under General Phil Sheridan, in the pur- 
 suit of the Confederate troops to Booneville. After the 
 capture of Corinth, he was detailed to the surgical charge 
 of the sick and wounded of a cavalry field-hospital in that 
 place, and retained his position there until he was commis- 
 sioned Captain about fifteen months later. While engaged 
 in the hospital, he applied his attention to the study and 
 practice of surgery, thus acquiring, by close and incessant 
 observation, a thorough knowledge of this branch of medi- 
 cal science. During the battles of luka, September 19th, 
 1862, and Corinth, October 3d, 4th, and 5th, he occupied 
 a conspicuous position in the field, was with the ambulances, 
 and took charge of the sick and wounded. During an ex- 
 pedition into north Alabama, in December, 1862, a battalion 
 of raw recruits, known as the ist Alabama Cavalry, was 
 found to be without a commander. On the recommenda- 
 tion of his commanding officer, he was ordered to assume 
 command of this undrilled rabble; and, on the termination 
 of the campaign. Colonel Sweeney issued a special order, 
 commending the gallantry displayed by him in dislodging 
 the command of General Roddy from a stronghold at Blue 
 Springs, and in the subsequent pursuit in which those un- 
 disciplined- men captured a large number of prisoners, 
 among whom were several officers. Also, in command of 
 his company, he participated in all the battles around 
 Chattanooga, and was with Sherman’s command in his 
 march through Georgia, and at the capture of Atlanta. At 
 Cherokee, Alabama, October 20th, 1863, he commanded a 
 cavalry charge made upon Colonel h'orrest’s forces, and on 
 this occasion several times narrowly escaped death. When 
 the period of enlistment of his regiment had expired, he 
 was mustered out as Captain, then at once rejoined the 
 army, as .Acting Assistant Surgeon of the United States 
 
 Army, and was ordered to Louisville, to assist in the 
 Crittenden United States General Hospital. On the eve 
 of the battle of Nashville he was ordered to that place, and 
 took charge of “ Branch of No. 16, Lhiited States General 
 Hospital.” Here the mortality list was most appalling: 
 out of two hundred and fifty beds, the death rate had 
 averaged from eight to ten per diem. Under his manage- 
 ment, however, matters rapidly assumed a better aspect, 
 and, after the lapse of two weeks, the death rate lessened 
 wonderfully. Thereupon the medical inspector of hospi- 
 tals, Dr. John E. McGirr, sent to him a letter personally 
 complimenting him in glowing terms on the desir.able re- 
 sult attained. He continued in charge of this branch until 
 the close of the war, when he went to Washingion, in order 
 to facilitate the settlement of his accounts with the various 
 departments. He then returned to Cincinnati, Ohio, and 
 resumed the practice of his profession. He assisted in 
 founding the Pulte Medical College of Cincinnati, occupied 
 the chair of anatomy in that institution for two years, and 
 subsequently was assigned to that of materia medica and 
 theraiieutics, which he still retains. After the close of the 
 third course of lectures, he was appointed Dean of the 
 Faculty, and has since continued to act in this capacity. In 
 June, 1865, he was appointed Examining Surgeon for 
 Pensioners, for Hamilton county,.and held the office for 
 four years. He is a member of the American Institute of 
 Homoeopathy, of the State Homoeopathic Medical Society 
 of Ohio, of the Cincinnati Homoeopathic Medical Society, 
 of the Society of Natural History, and of other organizations 
 of a scientific, literary, or social character. He has written 
 numerous articles for homoeopathic journals, and is now 
 one of the regular contributors to the Cincintiati Medical 
 Advance, the homoeopathic organ of this section of the 
 country. He is still an earnest medical student, controls a 
 large and lucrative practice, and is to-day one of the most 
 energetic and able defenders of homoeopathy in the Stale of 
 Ohio or elsewhere. He was married. May 12th, 1853, to 
 Sarah E. Wilcox, of Cincinnati, by whom he has had six 
 children ; of these, one boy and three girls are now living. 
 
 y/'V' ; EEK, WILLIAM M., ex-Probate Judge, Lawyer, 
 '’■'IT I born in West Union, Adams county, Ohio, 
 
 I ! November 22d, 1818. He was the sixth child in 
 '<■ s family of nine children, whose parents were 
 « John Meek and Ann (Jones) Meek. His father, 
 a native of Virginia, was for sixty years a clergy- 
 man of the Methodist Episcopal Church, one of the zeal- 
 ous and fearless ]iioneer preachers of the West. He was 
 sent to Ohio in 1803 by the Baltimore Conference, and 
 there, by his tireless labors in a virgin field, accomplished 
 an incalculable amount of good. He died at P'elicity, 
 Clermont county, Ohio, iJecember 31st, 1S60. His mother, 
 a native of Virginia, was a daughter of John Jones, who 
 
358 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 was identified with the struggles of the revolutionary patriots. 
 On the paternal side he is of Scotch, and on the maternal of 
 Welsh, extraction. Prom his fourteenth to his eighteenth 
 year he was occupied alternately in working on a farm 
 during the summer months, and in attending school in the 
 winter season. In 1S36 he was sent to Hillsborough, High- 
 land county, Ohio, to pursue a course of literary study at a 
 select school there located. In the summer of 1S38, having 
 spent the intervening period in diligent study, he returned 
 to West Union, Adams county, and during the ensuing two 
 years was constantly employed in attending to his duties as 
 a bookkeeper in one of the stores of the place. In 1841 he 
 began the reading of law at West Union, under the super- 
 vision of Hon. Nelson Barrere, now one of the leading at- 
 torneys of Hillsborough. In 1844 he passed the required 
 examination, and was admitted to the bar. Through the 
 following year he was not engaged in any particular pursuit 
 or business, but February ist, 1845, opened his office in 
 West Union, and there remained until 1S50, continuously 
 occupied in the active practice of law. In 1850 he moved 
 to Winchester, Adams county, Ohio, where he passed four 
 years, chiefiy in the dry-goods business, while still practising 
 to a limited extent his profession. In November, 1854, he 
 removed to Hillsborough, Highland county, opened a law 
 office, and decided to devote his time and energies solely to 
 professional labors. He then met with great success, and 
 speedily acquired a very extensive clientelage, which is still 
 constantly increasing in value and importance. In 1863 he 
 was elected Probate Judge of Highland county, Ohio, was 
 re-elected in 1S66, and again re-elected in 1869 — holding 
 the office in all nine years. The Republican party possesses 
 his esteem and support, while his religious sentiments find a 
 congenial atmosphere within the boundaries of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church. He was married in August, 1845, to 
 Hester De Bruin, a native of Maysville, Kentucky. 
 
 I 
 
 C ' 
 
 ^^^HOMPSON, HON. JOHN G., Commissioner of 
 ' ■*' Railways and Telegraphs for the State of Ohio, 
 ex-Member of the Ohio State Senate for the 
 counties of Franklin and Pickaway, was born in 
 Union county, Ohio, February 17th, 1833. His 
 parents were James Thompson, who followed 
 the occupation of farming, and Catharine (Gamble) Thomp- 
 son. Upon finishing his education at the Marysville 
 Ac.ademy, he moved to Columbus, Ohio, in 1854, and em- 
 barked in the dry-goods trade, at which he continued until 
 1859, when he was elected Treasurer for Franklin county. 
 After the expiration of his term of service in that office, in 
 1863 he resumed his business relations, and also, in connec- 
 tion with others, established a private banking house, under 
 the firm-style of Bailey, Thompson & Co. In 1870 he with- 
 drew entirely from business, and in the course of the follow- 
 ing year was elected to the .State Senate from the counties 
 
 of P’ranklin and Pickaway. He was re-elected in 1873, but 
 after serving the first year of the term resigned the position 
 in order to accept that of Commissioner of Railroads and 
 Telegraphs, tendered him by Governor Allen. He has been 
 prominently identified with the political action and measures 
 of the State since the beginning of his career, and has uni- 
 formly given his support and influence to the Democratic 
 party. From i860 to 1863 he was Secretary of the Demo- 
 cratic Central Committee, and subsequently became its 
 Chairman, a position which, with the exception of an inter- 
 val of two years, he has since retained. In 1868 he was a 
 delegate to the National Democratic Convention at New 
 York, in 1872 to the Convention in Baltimore, and during 
 each of the attendant campaigns was an efficient member of 
 the National Committee. He has repeatedly been elected 
 a member of the City Council of Columbus, and in all times 
 has taken an active part in the various public improvements 
 of the place. On December 6th, 1875, elected 
 
 Sergeant-at-Arms of the National House of Representatives. 
 He was married, February 17th, 1857, to Fannie High, 
 daughter of 11 . S. High, of Franklin county, Ohio. 
 
 ^ARD, WILLIAM W., Chief Engineer and General 
 .Superintendent of the Cleveland, Tuscarawas 
 Valley & Wheeling Railway, was born, Septem- 
 ber 6th, 1831, in Madison county. New York, and 
 is the son of W. J. Card, a surveyor and civil en- 
 gineer by profession, who has had charge of 
 various public works in both Pennsylvania and Ohio. His 
 primary education was received in the public schools of his 
 section, but was completed in an academical institution. 
 During his boyhood years he assisted his father, who had 
 been elected Surveyor of Fairfield county, Ohio, and by this 
 means he obtained a complete knowledge of all the details 
 of surveying, both theoretical and practical. In 1851 he 
 joined a corps of engineers who were engaged in the con- 
 struction of the Cincinnati, Wilmington & Zanesville Rail- 
 
 road, and he remained in that connection until the line was 
 surveyed and located. He was appointed in 1853 the 
 Resident Engineer for the eastern division of the road, and 
 when his work was completed he accepted a similar posi- 
 tion on the Milwaukee & Mississippi Railroad, which is 
 now termed the Milwaukee & St. Paul. In 1859 the super- 
 intendent of the Cincinnati, W'ilmington & Zanesville Rail- 
 road died, when he was elected to fill the vacancy, which he 
 did to the entire satisfaction of the officers of that corporation 
 for five years thereafter. In 1864 he was tendered the posi- 
 tion of Superintendent of the Pittsburgh, Columbus & Cin- 
 cinnati Railroad, now termed the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & 
 St. Louis Railway, which he accepted, retaining this impor- 
 tant post nearly eight years. In May, 1871, he was induced 
 to take charge of the office of Chief Engineer and Superin- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 359 
 
 tendent of the Cleveland, Tuscarawas Valley & Wheeling 
 Railway, which he still holds. He was married, June, 1872, 
 to Hattie Dinsmoor, of Columbus, Ohio. 
 
 NES, WILLIAM W., Physician, although a resi- 
 dent of Ohio, and a native of New York, might be 
 claimed by New England as one of her children. 
 His grandfather was a major in the revolutionary 
 war. Both his parents were natives of Connecti- 
 cut, and emigrated from Litchfield county in that 
 State to central New York in 1817. New England may be 
 said to have stronger claims upon him as one of those who 
 derived their ancestry from the Captain Jones who com- 
 manded the “ Mayflower,” without whose stubborn opposi- 
 tion to the wishes of the Pilgrims, Plymouth Rock would 
 have been unknown in history, and New England had not 
 been New England. In Dr. Jones himself, this oldest of 
 New England blood is mingled on the maternal side with 
 Scotch. He was born at Smyrna, Chenango county. New 
 York, September 28th, 1819, a little more than a year after 
 his parents had removed there. When he was only eight 
 years of age his father died, leaving a large family, with but 
 slender provision for their material support. Appreciating 
 the value of education, the mother struggled to give her 
 children such advantages as a new country at that time af- 
 forded. William was kept at school at the academy of his 
 native town until he was twelve years of age, and afterwards 
 completed his studies at Salem Academy in the same State, 
 working the while, as he found time and opportunity, to 
 lessen his mother’s burden, and share in his own support. 
 Having a passionate fondness for books, on leaving school 
 he entered a printing-office, at which business he served for 
 four years, in three different offices which had successively 
 failed for want of support. In 1836 he abandoned the oc- 
 cupation, and removed to Dresden, Ohio, where he entered 
 into business as clerk and afterwards as partner in a flouring 
 mill. The knowledge of business acquired by his commer- 
 cial pursuits at that time has been of very great advantage 
 to him since, in his profe.ssional intercourse with the people, 
 but he became satisfied that its pursuit for a lifetime would 
 fail to bring that happiness to him which was his chief aim 
 in life. Having formed an intimate friendship for Dr. W. 
 W’. Rickey, who had one of the best medical libraries to be 
 found at that day, he was easily persuaded by him to com- 
 mence the study of medicine in 1844, believing that this 
 profession presented a worthy field for attaining all the 
 objects which could be hoped for, with a full knowledge 
 that it implied a life of toil and devotion in those who em- 
 braced it, and generally much less of material success than 
 followed the application of the same talents in business pur- 
 suits. He graduated in the medical department of the Uni- 
 versity of Buffalo in 1849. After receiving his diploma he 
 removed to Toledo, where he at once entered upon the active 
 
 practice of his profession, and where he has remained so en- 
 gaged ever since. He had learned his profession thoroughly, 
 as he did everything, and very soon he stood high as a physi- 
 cian and surgeon. His advance was rapid and continuous, 
 and before long his patronage was large and lucrative. He 
 did not consider that, on receiving his diploma, he liad 
 finished his studies. On the contrary he has read and in- 
 vestigated constantly, and has kept even pace, in his knowl- 
 edge and in his practice, with the most advanced develop- 
 ments of medical science, and so the confidence and 
 esteem which his skill and accomplishments won for him at 
 the first have been continued and increased, until he now 
 occupies a foremost position in the ranks of his profession, 
 and not only is that position recognized by the community 
 at large, but still more cordially by his professional brethren. 
 In 1875 he was elected President of the Ohio .State Medical 
 Society, and he now holds that position in the Alumni Asso- 
 ciation of the University of Buffalo ; and he is, moreover, an 
 honorary and corresponding member of various medical and 
 scientific societies in several States of the Lbiion. As a 
 citizen, no less than a professional man, is Dr. Jones es- 
 teemed. He holds professional honors in far greater esteem 
 than the greatest political preferment that could be bestowed 
 upon him. Nevertheless, in response to the desire of his 
 fellow-citizens, he has from time to time held public office. 
 In 1857 he was elected a member of the City Council of 
 Toledo, of which body he was President during his term of 
 office. He filled the position most honorably and accept- 
 ably, and won the unreserved commendation of all, of what- 
 ever party. In 1870 he was elected Mayor of Toledo, and 
 held the office for a term of four years. His administration 
 of the duties of chief magistrate of the city was an eminently 
 satisfactory one, characterized by ability, dignity, and the 
 most rigid integrity. He V'as married in 1851 to Adeline 
 Knaggs, of Toledo, and three sons and two daughters have 
 been born to them. 
 
 ALLARD, JOHN, Retired Capitalist, was born, 
 October ist, 1790, at Charlemont, Massachusetts, 
 and is the third of eleven children, whose parents 
 were William and Elizabeth (Whitney) Ballard. 
 His father was a native of Worcester county, and 
 of Welsh extraction ; he was both a mason and a 
 farmer during life ; he died in 1840. His mother was also 
 a native of the same locality, and was a daughter of Jonathan 
 Whitney, of English descent. John worked on a farm until 
 he was thirteen years of age, attending the district school 
 during the winter months. In 1803 he was jilgccd with 
 Horatio H. Buttrick, of Lancaster, Massachusetts, to learn 
 the trade of a carriage-builder. The selection of this calling 
 was owing to his inability for farm labor, his health not per- 
 mitting him to encounter the hardshijis incident to a farmer’s 
 life. He remained at Lancaster until after he had entered 
 
36 o 
 
 BIOGRAFIIICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 his twentieth year; and during his six years’ stay with 
 Buttrick he had but one month’s schooling each year; but, 
 being a close reader, devoted all his spare time to study. 
 Leaving Lancaster he went to Boston and finished learning 
 his trade, staying there about two years. Having attained 
 his majority he went to Framingham, and worked as a jour- 
 neyman at his trade for about one year, and then com- 
 menced business on his own account, which he prosecuted 
 with great energy and success for the period of twenty-five 
 years at Framingham. In the autumn of 1838 he closed 
 out his business and removed to Ohio, locating himself at 
 Athens, in 1839, where he has ever since resided. After he 
 had become permanently settled in his new home he en- 
 gaged in the mercantile business, which he conducted with 
 success and the practice of the strictest integrity until 1865, 
 when he retired from active business pursuits to enjoy the 
 .fruits of his labors for so many years. Feeling a deep in- 
 terest in the development of the mineral resources of his 
 new home, in 1845 he successfully engaged in the manu- 
 facture of salt ; his usual good judgment was drawn out in 
 the selection of a site uniting cheap transportation and 
 water-power, the want of which had wrecked former enter- 
 prises of the kind. lie was a Director of the Cincinnati & 
 Marietta Railroad Company for a number of years, and was 
 the President of the Athens branch of the State Bank of 
 Ohio for about fourteen years. He is now a Director of the 
 First National Bank of Athens, Ohio. In political belief 
 he is a Republican, and at the outbreak of the rebellion ex- 
 hibited his fixith in the unity of this great republic by 
 being the first to furnish the sinews of war by investing in 
 United States bonds to the amount of $80,000, in its darkest 
 days and when the outlook was very discouraging. Previous 
 to the organization of the Republican party he was a strong 
 AVhig. He has been a member of the Presbyterian Church 
 for over twenty years. He has ever been a temperate, in- 
 dustrious and cheerful man, of pleasing manners and of a 
 soci.il disposition ; and he has alwa)'s been remarkable for 
 untiring energy and industry. He was married in 1816 to 
 P.imelia Bennett, a native of Middlesex county, Massachu- 
 setts, who died in 1858, leaving a family of eight children. 
 His second wife, to whom he was united in 1861, was 
 Catharine Stearns, a native of Lancaster, Massachusetts. 
 They were married in Boston, Massachusetts. 
 
 RMSTRONG, JAMES MONROE, Mechanic, 
 Merchant and one of the Proprietors of the 
 Russell, Morgan & Co. Job Printing Office, Nos. 
 258 and 260 Race street, Cincinnati, was born, 
 ^ 1812, in Columbia township, Hamilton county, 
 
 and is a son of the late James Armstrong, for 
 many years flour inspector of Cincinnati. The latter was 
 one of six brothers, who with their three sisters and parents 
 removed from M-iryland and located, in the year 1800, on 
 
 the Little Miami river, near what is now Plainville, for- 
 merly known as Armstrong’s upper, middle and lower 
 mills. Nathaniel Shepherd Armstrong, the father of this 
 large family, assisted in locating his six sons as follows : 
 
 , W’llliam and Major John were located at the lower mill ; 
 
 j Thomas and Leonard operated the middle mill, while 
 James and Nathaniel had charge of the upper mill. In 
 1822 James, the father of James Monroe Armstrong, dis- 
 posed of his interests in the upper mill to his brother, and 
 removed to a farm on Indian Hill, in the same township, 
 where he remained until 182S, when he removed to Cin- 
 cinnati, where he became flour inspector, as above stated, 
 and held the position for many years. He died in 1841, 
 aged fifty-seven years; his widow survived him until 1866, 
 when she followed him, at the ripe age of seventy-seven. 
 Janies Monroe Armstrong, at the age of sixteen, com- 
 menced learning the coachmaking trade in the establish- 
 ment of William Holyoke, then located on the present site 
 of the National Theatre, on Sycamore street. At the ex- 
 piration of five years he had thoroughly mastered his trade; 
 but, feeling the need of a better education, he entered the 
 Talbot School, in the old Cincinnati College. He re- 
 mained there a few months, paying for his tuition by his 
 own labor. After leaving school he began work in the 
 factory of the late George C. Miller, then one of the largest 
 carriage manufactories in the West, and is yet in a flourish- 
 ing condition under the management of two of the founder’s 
 sons. He remained at this establishment for three years, 
 and then formed a partnership with Samuel Barnes, and in 
 1S38, under the firm-name of Armstrong & Barnes, opened 
 their own factory on Vine above Twelfth street. This 
 connection continued prosperously until about 1844, when 
 the junior member disposed of his interests to his partner, 
 Barnes, and with two others engaged, in the following 
 year, in the grocery, coopering and whiskey-gauging busi- 
 ness. In 1850 he retired from this connection, and in 
 company with Hermann Krafeldt embarked in the flour 
 trade on the West Miami canal. In 1854 his brother, 
 Arthur E. .'\rmstrong, on account of his superior knowledge 
 of the quality of flour and grain, was added to the firm. 
 In 1855 Mr. Krafeldt died, but the business was continued 
 by himself and brother on the same square (the last eight 
 years on the corner of Walnut street) until 1867. At that 
 date, in connection with A. O. Russell, R. J. Morgan and 
 John F. Robinson, he purchased the Cincinnati Enquirer 
 job printing office on College street. After remaining 
 there for between five and six years, during which time 
 their business assumed immense proportions, the company 
 purchased the ground and erected their present building on 
 Race street, which is now one of the largest, most com- 
 plete, and thoroughly and successfully conducted printing 
 establishments in the entire West. In 1874 James M. Arm- 
 strong was elected a member of the City Council, in which 
 body he served as a member of some of its most important • 
 committees. In the fall of 1875 he was one of the nom- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 inees of the Democratic party for the Legislature. With 
 all of the other candidates for the Legislature of the party 
 on that ticket he was defeated. For the past ten years he 
 has been a member of the Board of Directors of the Second 
 National Bank. Ills business interests have from time to 
 time brought him into relations with the various commercial 
 organizations of the city. He has been more than usually 
 successful in his career of varied effort. His personal and 
 business habits have been unexceptional. His brother, 
 Arthur E., is still engaged in the flour and grain trade, and 
 another, Sandford L., is a merchant at Rising Sun, Indiana. 
 Dr. Nathaniel S. Armstrong was a practitioner of medicine 
 in Cincinnati, and one of its most prominent, honest and 
 conscientious; he was the brolher-in law of the late Charles 
 Woodward, both of whom the profession were proud of; he 
 died in Cincinnati in 1854. Leonard L., another brother, is 
 in the drug business at Cumminsville, Ohio. John Wesley, 
 another brother, was attached to the 5th Ohio Volunteer 
 Infantry, and was mortally wounded at the battle of An- 
 tietam. Thomas Milton, his youngest brother, died in 1863, 
 aged thirty-three years; his only sister living is Mrs. Robert 
 Evans, of Indianapolis, Indiana. He was married, January 
 29lh, 1840, to Martha, daughter of Caleb Williams, one of 
 the oldest and most respected citizens of Cincinnati, with 
 whom he has three children, two daughters and one son. 
 In 1S53 Caleb Williams died, at the age of seventy-two 
 years; his companion, Martha Williams, died in 1846. 
 
 DAMS, JOHN, Common Pleas Judge, was born 
 on December lltb, 1824, at Mount Vernon, 
 Ohio. He was a farmer’s son, and the experi- 
 ences of his boyhood and youth were such ex- 
 periences as befall almost any farmer’s boy 
 whose father has only the wealth that comes of 
 hard toil, every d.ay in every season. He “ learned to 
 labor and to wait; ” for as soon as he was old enough he 
 took part in the labors of the farm, and for the fulfilment of 
 such hopes and aspirations as come to the ambitious and 
 capable bov he had to wait until the opportunity for gratify- 
 ing them could be made. He attended school first at 
 ^^artinsburg, and afterwards at Kenyon College. Subse- 
 quently he entered Jefferson College, in Washington county, 
 Pennsylvania, and graduated there in the spring of 1847. 
 After leaving college he commenced the study of law, 
 reading with Hon. John K. Miller, at Mount Vernon. He 
 was admitted to the bar at Mount Vernon in 1850, and at 
 once commenced the practice of his profession there. At 
 first he practised alone, but at the end of a year he formed 
 a professional partnership with Mr. Dunbar. Eventually 
 this partnership was dissolved, and subsequently he .asso- 
 ciated himself with his former preceptor, Hon. John K. 
 Miller. He prospered well in his profession, and gained a 
 practice that was large and lucrative. In politics he is a 
 46 
 
 361 
 
 Democrat, and has acted steadily and consistently with 
 that party. In 1871 he was candidate, on the Democratic 
 ticket, for Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the 
 District of Mount Vernon, and was elected by a handsome 
 majority. He took office in 1872 for a term of five years. 
 His course while on the bench has fully vindicated the 
 wisdom of those who elevated him to the position. To high 
 abilities and fine attainments he joins the strictest integrity, 
 a judicial impartiality which nothing can swerve, and a 
 regard for principle which all recognize and appreciate. 
 He is honored and esteemed as the right man in the right 
 place, and the fact that his high and responsible station was 
 awarded to him because of the sterling characteristics be- 
 longing to his nature, and the high attainments which he 
 acquired through his own almost unaided exertions, is a 
 fact that must be gratifying to himself no less than en- 
 couraging to all men who are struggling and aspiring 
 within the circle of his influence. He was married on the 
 l6th of May, i860, to Julia Huxford, of Fort Wayne, 
 Indiana. Four children, three girls and one boy, have 
 blessed the union. 
 
 MITH, WALTER FL, I.awyer and ex-United 
 States Assistant Attorney-General, was born in 
 Litchfield county, Connecticut, June 2d, 1826. 
 His parents were both natives of the same State ; 
 his father, the Rev. Walter Smith, a Congregation- 
 al ist, graduated from Yale College in 1816; his 
 mother, nee Orpha Jerome, being of French origin. After 
 a thorough preparatory course of study, under the able 
 tuition of his father, Walter H. entered Union College, 
 Schenectady, New York, and graduated from that institu- 
 tion in 1846. Returning to his home in Mount Vernon, 
 Ohio (where the family had removed in 1840), he imme- 
 diately commenced the study of law, and was admitted to 
 the bar on the 12th of June, 1848. He then engaged in 
 the practice of his profession at Mount Vernon, and so 
 continued for a period of fifteen years, being associated 
 during that interval with the Hon. Columbus Delano, ex- 
 Secretary of the Interior, and the Hon. W. R. Sapp, ex- 
 member of Congress from Ohio (now deceased). In 
 March, 1869, Mr. Smith was appointed Solicitor of In- 
 ternal Revenue, the duties of which office he performed 
 with marked ability and satisfaction for a period of two 
 years, when he was called to assume the responsibilities of 
 a more important position of trust and honor, that of As- 
 sistant Attorney-General of the United St.ates, and was the 
 incumbent of that office until October, l875> when he re- 
 signed, in order to resume the practice of his profession (in 
 Washington, District of Columbia), in which he had al- 
 ways taken high rank and sustained an honorable rejni- 
 tation. He was married, June 3d, 1851, to Frances E., 
 daughter of the late Hon. W. R. Sapp, cx-member of 
 
362 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 Congress from Ohio, and for many years one of the part- 
 ners of Mr. Smith while practising law at Mount Vernon, 
 Ohio. 
 
 I IIISTER, COLONEL JACOB O., Manager of the 
 Phister Tobacco Warehouse, in Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 was born in the town of Maysville, Kentucky, 
 August loth, 1820. He was the second child in 
 a family of seven children, five sons and two 
 daughters, whose parents, estimable members of 
 the ruling middle class of the country, gave to them such 
 educational advantages as their means and the opirortumties 
 of that day permitted. His father being a carpenter and 
 builder, he was apprenticed to learn the trade of carpenter- 
 ing, and as in that day and section it had yet to “ be made 
 easy” by planing-mills and the various kinds of machinery 
 pertaining to them, he learned his trade thoroughly in all its 
 branches, from the making of a hen-coop to the building 
 of a continued rail stair-case. In 1840 he emigrated to the 
 town of Burlington, on the Mississippi river, in the then 
 new Territory of Iowa, carved out of the Black Hawk pur- 
 chase. Veiy soon after his arrival the newly-appointed 
 Governor, Hon. John Chambers of Kentucky, selected him 
 as his private secretary, and made him one of his military 
 aides, with the rank and title of Colonel. Those places he 
 held during the administration of the Governor, about five 
 years, filling them with credit to himself and to the satisfac- 
 tion of all the departments of the government with which 
 his duties brought him in contact. He was also Secretary 
 to several commissions appointed to treat with the Indian 
 tribes in the Superintendency of Governor Chambers, and 
 performed his work so well that at a subsequent period, after 
 he had left the Territory, he was selected to take charge of 
 a similar field of labor. He travelled much over the Ter- 
 ritory in the discharge of his duties while in the employ of 
 the government, and associated much with frontier military 
 officers, usually men of superior intelligence and attainments, 
 and with the officers of the territorial and general govern- 
 ment, socially and officially, and thus acquired a large 
 amount of information on a great variety of subjects, from 
 the Indian in his wigwam to the President in the White 
 House, which but few men possess, and but few have such 
 opportunities to acquire. On the retirement of the Governor 
 lie returned to his old home in Kentucky, without any in- 
 tention, however, of abandoning his new one in the West. 
 But, through the persuasions of his relatives, he was induced 
 to engage in business there, which he did, and remained 
 during the ensuing ten years. In this period he conducted 
 a large hardware business, and also acquired some distinc- 
 tion in a quiet way as an amateur in literary matters. Meet- 
 ing with reverses in the great financial storm of 1857, he 
 relinquished his business in Maysville and visited Leaven- 
 worth, Kansas, and Omaha, Nebraska, with a view to a 
 settlement ultimately in one or the other of these towns. But 
 
 failing to make such connections in either place as were de- 
 sirable, he located in Cincinnati, Ohio, and projected a leaf 
 tobacco warehouse. Then making a strong report to the 
 City Council of the possible future of Cincinnati, under 
 proper and timely efforts, as a leaf-tobacco market, he suc- 
 ceeded in inducing this body to grant his company a large 
 unused market-house, admirably suited to warehouse pur- 
 poses, on very favorable terms for some years; and, De- 
 cember 1st, 1857, the Wheeler Leaf-Tobacco Warehouse 
 was opened under his management, which, afterward taking 
 the name Phister House, was conducted by him for a period 
 of eighteen years. Up to this time but one other house in the 
 city was devoted exclusively to the sale of leaf-tobacco, while 
 several commission pork and grain houses received and sold 
 it, on the same principle that makes a tavern of almost every 
 house in a rural district, because now and then a wayfarer 
 may demand food and shelter. These commission houses 
 made no systematized efforts to secure shipments, but ac- 
 cepted what came ,as so much commercial driftwood that 
 floated into their business from the great river of commerce 
 that flowed into New Orleans, Baltimore, Philadelphia and 
 New York. Fully appreciating the fortunate geographical 
 position of Cincinnati in relation to the tobacco-growing 
 districts, and anticipating her prosperous future as a leaf- 
 tobacco market, he applied himself to the building up of the 
 business in a careful and systematic fashion ; and by means 
 of elaborate circulars, extensive advertisements and personal 
 solicitation, labored energetically to make his anticipations 
 permanent realities, and secure the coveted business for 
 Cincinnati on a lasting basis. Long before the term of the 
 lease of his house had expired, his promises to the city were 
 more than fulfilled by the establishment of several ware- 
 houses, and the growth of a general effort on the part of 
 each establishment to secure a fair share in the control of 
 the rapidly-growing trade. The combined efforts culminated 
 in the making of Cincinnati the first market in the country 
 for cutting-leaf, if not for all kinds, in the West. The exi- 
 gencies of the war between the government and the Southern 
 States brought up the important subject of taxation, and as 
 tobacco was called on to contribute heavily to the necessary 
 funds for carrying on the war, the very interesting question 
 as to whether taxation should be placed on the raw material 
 or on the manufactured article was at once raised, and for 
 the time became an all-absorbing one to all interested parties : 
 Congress, growers, dealers and manufacturers. In that con- 
 troversy Colonel Phister took an active part in favor of plac- 
 ing the tax on the manufactured article, and not on the raw 
 material ; he supported his views with zeal and ability — by 
 arguments addressed to Congressmen, letters in conversa- 
 tional style, by various speeches, and by an admirable re- 
 port to Commissioner Wells, embodying the sentiment of the 
 Western growers and dealers. And the statement is war- 
 ranted that, on one occasion during the struggle, when the 
 Eastern manufacturers, aided by several strong Western 
 allies, had well nigh secured the decision of the Committee 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 363 
 
 on Ways and Means in favor of placing the tax on the leaf, 
 by a well-timed, brief and powerful article, addressed to Hon. 
 George H. Pendleton, then Representative from Hamilton 
 county, he turned the tide, reinvigorated the disheartened 
 leaf men and rallied them to a final effort, which resulted in 
 the placing of the tax where it now rests, on the manufac- 
 tured article ; where, he contends, the policy and spirit of 
 the American government and the good of the American 
 people demand that it shall stand. He was uniformly in 
 favor of an ad valoreni instead of a specific tax, but, recog- 
 nizing some almost insurmountable obstacles to the carrying 
 out of this principle, he finally abandoned his opposition to 
 the specific plan, and became usefully instrumental in the 
 adjustment of the details of the laws on the best basis. 
 While entirely willing that tobacco should bear its fullest 
 possible proportion of the tax, he never concealed his indig- 
 nation at the invidious distinctions placed on the trade in 
 the guise of the licenses, bonds and rulings of the depart- 
 ments, and was ever ready to resent them as an aspersion 
 upon a great body of enterprising, honorable and respected 
 citizens and tradesmen. In the transition of any business 
 from a fugitive and an uncertain state to one of permanence 
 and solidity, many perplexing questions arise relating to its 
 control and management which must be adjusted, and many 
 jealousies and animosities will be engendered between rival 
 parties which must be settled by mutual concession. In all 
 such controversies he was always consulted, and his con- 
 servative disposition, strengthened by his love of harmonious 
 proceedings, always enlisted him on the side of compromise, 
 while the impress of his diplomacy can be clearly traced in 
 the present high position occupied to-day by the tobacco 
 trade in the great Queen City. Being a quick and ready 
 writer, his services have been in constant requisition by the 
 trade, and for it he has composed innumerable articles — 
 obituaries, biographies, essays, etc. Probably three-fourths 
 of the tobacco trade literature of the West owes its existence 
 to his pen ; and an address to his constituents at an agricul- 
 tural fair, held at Ripley, Ohio, on “ Mason County To- 
 bacco,” was highly commended and widely published as a 
 very able production. The humorous side of his character 
 found a suitable field in his auction sales, which were in- 
 variably conducted by him in person, and also in banquet 
 speeches made after the removal of the cloth. One of the 
 latter effusions, a speech known as “ the Boy Allegory,” was 
 delivered at the first fair of the trade, held in the Bodman 
 warehouse ; another, known as “ the Argonauts,” an effort 
 of peculiar brilliancy, was delivered at the Spence banquet, 
 in the St. Charles Hotel. Colonel Phister has travelled 
 very considerably in the prosecution of his business, and 
 profited greatly by his travels. He possesses a vast fund of 
 curious and useful information on a variety of subjects, and 
 as a conversationalist is an exhaustless disjrenser of quaint 
 ideas and odd fancies. He is totally opposed to liquor as a 
 beverage, and to the use of tobacco in all its forms, and is a 
 zealous Old School Presbyterian. Politically, he is a liberal 
 
 Democrat, and though tolerant of the opinions of others, has 
 his own views on all the questions of the day, and holds to 
 them with inflexible pertinacity. Endowed with keen wit, 
 a sprightly mind, fine imaginative powers and an enviable 
 flow of language, he would have made his mark at the bar, 
 in the pulpit or in the editorial chair. As it is, his position 
 in life is far beyond the common level, and in the eyes of 
 more than a majority of mankind is an enviable one, and 
 with large tincture of local glory. 
 
 >ORR, CHARLES WILLIAM, Manufacturer, was 
 burn in Avon, Lorain county, Ohio, Januai'y 25th, 
 1837. He entered college at Oberlin, Ohio, in 
 1856, and in i860 graduated from the Antioch 
 College. He was then engaged for one year in 
 teaching in the Union Schools of Vandalia, Illi- 
 nois, and at the expiration of that time entered the army as 
 Captain in the 35th Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry. 
 He received his commission from the Governor of Illinois 
 in 1861. At the close of a period of eighteen months he 
 resigned his commission and commenced operating in stocks. 
 About the termination of the rebellion he erected, in con- 
 junction with his brother, the first cheese factory in northern 
 Ohio. Since his entry into this business he has continued 
 to sustain it with energy and success, and the house in which 
 he is now a partner is at the present time the largest manu- 
 faeturer of cheese and butter in the United States. His 
 house is known under the style of Bramm & Horr. He is 
 Director of the Savings Bank of Elyria, and of the First 
 National Bank of Wellington. Allhough admitted to the 
 bar in Columbus in 1864 by the Supreme Court, he has 
 never practised his profession, but devoted his time and at- 
 tention entirely to his manufacturing business. By careful 
 management he has accumulated considerable property, and 
 gained a leading position by his unswerving integrity amid 
 his fellow-townsmen. Politically, he is a liberal Republican. 
 He was married in i860 to Esther A. Lang, of Huntington, 
 Ohio, daughter of Rev. Mr. Lang. 
 
 JACON, HENRY MARTYN, Clergyman, was born 
 in the city of Albany, New York, on September 
 24th, 1827, of English parentage. While still 
 quite young, he removed with his parents to Wil- 
 liamstown, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, and 
 there remained until he reached manhood, his 
 youthful experiences being unmarked by any remarkable in- 
 cidents. He obtained his early education at the Berkshire 
 common schools, and when he had reached a suitahle age 
 entered Williams College, at Williamstown. His course 
 there was a creditable one, and he graduated with honor. 
 On leaving college he became a teacher, and in 1845 
 
364 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOILEDIA. 
 
 went to Natchez, Mississippi, to engage there in that profes- 
 sion. He taught there some time, and then went to Indi- 
 ana, where he followed teaching in various portions of the 
 State. He was of a devout and earnest character, and felt 
 a strong desire to engage in teaching of a loftier and more 
 important kind than he had heretofore been occupied in, 
 high and important as that is. While teaching school he 
 was also studying, with a view to satisfying this aspiration 
 by entering the pulpit as a teacher in the church. Eventu- 
 ally he w.as regularly qualified to enter the pulpit as a Pres- 
 byterian minister, and in the year 1851 he went to Covington, 
 Indiana, and became pastor of the Presbyterian Church 
 there. He occupied the pulpit of that church for a period 
 of nine years, at the end of which time he went to Attica, 
 Indiana, where he remained in charge of a church for a 
 year and a half. Leaving Attica he removed to Toledo, 
 Ohio, where he became pastor of the Westminster Presby- 
 terian Church. There he still remains, engaged in earnest 
 work, and doing faithful and effective service. His resi- 
 dence at Attica was interrupted by that momentous episode 
 that interrupted the course of so many individuals and com- 
 munities, the war of the rebellion. In 1862 he joined the 
 63d Indiana Regiment at Attica, as Chaplain. He remained 
 with the regiment for three years, and was mustered out in 
 June, 1865, returned to Attica, from whence he went to 
 Toledo. Besides his duties as pastor, he now fulfills those 
 of Trustee of Wooster College, a prominent institution, 
 located at Wooster, Ohio. He was married on November 
 29th, 1852, to Mary A. Mallory, of Covington. 
 
 jlLLSON, HIRAM V., Lawyer and Jurist, was 
 born in April, 1808, in Madison county. New 
 York, died November nth, 1866, in Cleveland, 
 Ohio. He graduated at Hamilton College in 
 1832, and then commenced reading law in the 
 office of Hon. Jared Willson, of Canandaigua, 
 New York. He continued the reading of law in the office 
 of Francis S. Key, and supported himself for a time by 
 teaching in a classical school, in the Shenandoah Valley. 
 He was an earnest student, and not oidy became acquainted 
 with the principles of law, but with facts and precedents 
 which proved of great service to him later in life. In 1833 
 he removed to Painesville, Ohio, but soon, with his class- 
 male and intimate friend, Henry B. Payne, removed to 
 Cleveland, and the two formed a law partnership. These 
 two young men were without money, hut received encour- 
 agement from some of the older lawyers, and were soon 
 known as able attorneys. In a few years Mr. Payne retired 
 from the partnership, and it became Willson, Wade & 
 Hitchcock, and then Willson, Wade & Wade. In 1852 he 
 received the Democratic nomination for Congress, and at 
 the same time his partner, Ifdward Wade, was nominated 
 by the Free-Soil party, and William Case was nominated 
 
 by the Whigs. His partner, Edward Wade, was success- 
 ful, but he received a heavy vote. In the winter of 1854 
 the members of the Cleveland bar selected him to go to 
 Washington, and try to have the State divided into two 
 districts for judicial purposes. The bill was successful, and 
 the United States Court for the Northern District of Ohio 
 was formed. President Pierce, in March, 1855, appointed 
 him Judge of the newly formed district, which gave general 
 satisfaction to the bar. When he became a judge he ceased 
 to be a politician. The bench he considered far removed 
 from the arena of political strife, and from that time no 
 purely political or per.sonal motives swayed his mind or 
 affected his decisions. The new court was crowded with 
 business from the start. The civil and criminal cases com- 
 ing before it were numerous and important, and a large 
 share of noteworthy cases were suits in admiralty, arising 
 on the lakes. Many of his decisions are retained in the 
 law-book as important authority, furnishing valuable pre- 
 cedents, and being models of deep research and clear state- 
 ment. One decision in admiralty affirmed that maritime 
 liens of men fur wages and material for supplies are a pro- 
 prietary interest in the vessel itself, and cannot be divested 
 by the acts of the owners or by any casualty until the claims 
 are paid, and that such liens inhere to the ship and all of her 
 parts wherever found and whoever may be the owner. In 
 other cases he decided and supported the decisions by 
 voluminous precedents, that the admiralty and maritime 
 jurisdiction passed by the District Courts of the United 
 States, oil the Western lakes and rivers, under the Constitu- 
 tion and Act of 17S9, was independent of the Act of 1845, 
 and was unaffected thereby ; and also, that the District 
 Courts of the United States having under the Constitution 
 and Acts of Congress exclusive original cognizance of all 
 civil causes of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction, the 
 courts of common law are precluded from proceeding vi 
 rein, to enforce such maritime claims. Very many other 
 most important decisions might be referred to if necessary, 
 to give his correctness in deciding the most intricate ques- 
 tions of admiralty. The John Brown raid, and the break- 
 ing out of the war of the rebellion, found him ready to 
 define the law in regard to conspiracy and treason, drawing 
 with great skill the line of difference between a meeting for 
 the expression of opinions hostile to the government, and a 
 gathering for the purpose of violently opposing or overturn- 
 ing the government. He always insisted upon the criminal- 
 ity of an attempt to overthrow the government. In 1865 
 his health gave away, and in the early winter of that year 
 he visited New Orleans and the West Indies. The weather 
 being unusually inclement, he returned without having been 
 benefited. When the term of court arrived, he insisted on 
 being taken down to the city to open the court, and to see 
 that everything started correctly. The effort was too much 
 for him, and he gradually sank under his disease, consump- 
 tion, until the nth day of November, 1866, when he died. 
 He had some months before been received into the First 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDI A. 
 
 365 
 
 Presbyterian Church, of wliich he had long been an attend- 
 ant and active supporter, and passed away in peace, with 
 the full hope of a true Christian. The bar of the district 
 reeeived the news of his death with great sorrow, among 
 whom he had no enemies. The resolutions referred to him 
 as “a learned, upright, and fearless judge, ever doing right 
 and equity among the suitors of his court, fearing only the 
 errors and mistakes to which a fallible human judgment is 
 ever liable. Urbanity and courtesy to the older members 
 of the bar, protecting and loving kindness to its younger 
 members, and deep and abiding interest in the reputation 
 of all, were among his distinguishing characteristics.” The 
 feeling expressed by the members of the bar was felt by a 
 great many other persons who knew him, and respected 
 him as a friend, a neighbor, a citizen, or a judge, lie was 
 married in 1835 to the widow of Mr. Ten Eyck, of Detroit, 
 Michigan. 
 
 OOD, OLIVER, Proprietor of the Ironton Hotel 
 and Brevet Brigadier-General United Slates Vol- 
 unteers, was born, June 25th, 1825, at Corinth, 
 Saratoga county. New York, and is the fourth of 
 seventeen children, whose ])arents were Obadiah 
 and Mary (.Seeley) Wood. His father was a native 
 of Herkimer county. New York, of a Connecticut family, 
 and of remote English descent. He was during his lifetime 
 an agriculturist and a manufacturer and dealer in lumber 
 he was also remarkable as a public-spirited citizen, and was 
 for a number of years Justice of the Peace and Township 
 Supervisor. On account of his youth he was prevented from 
 being a participant in the war of 1812, although he had en- 
 listed for service. He died in June, 1871. His wife, Mary 
 Seeley, was of Spanish descent, and a native of Saratoga 
 county. New York. She died at Corinth, New York. Oliver 
 was carefully trained in industrious habits of life, and was 
 O'"' both a farm and in the lumber business until he 
 was twenty-two years old, attending school during the 
 winter seasons until he was sixteen years of age. He com- 
 menced business on his own account at twenty-two years 
 of age in Chautauqua county, in a saw-mill and on a farm, 
 continuing in these for two years. In 1849 he was elected 
 Constable and Collector of Ellicott township, and performed 
 these duties for three years, at the expiration of which he 
 remained unemployed for one year. In the spring of 1853 
 he removed to Ohio, and on the ist of April located at 
 Portsmouth, Scioto county, where he resided until I'ebruary, 
 1874, being principally engaged there in the lumber busi- 
 ness until the civil war broke out. On April i6th, 1861, 
 he enlisted as a member of Company I), 22d Regiment, 
 Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was stationed at Camp Jack- 
 son, Columbus. In May he was elected First Lieutenant 
 of his company while thus encamjied. He served with the 
 regiment during their three months’ service in West Vir- 
 ginia, and was mustered out in August, 1861. During the 
 
 following month he raised a company (Company B of the 
 I3lh Missouri Volunteers), and was elected its Captain. 
 The regiment was organized at Benton Barracks, Missouri, 
 where, with his company in camp, he remained until Janu- 
 ary, 1862. He was now ordered with the regiment to the 
 field, and was soon afterwards in Kentucky. In June, 1862, 
 the appellation of this regiment was changed to the 22d 
 Ohio Volunteers, as seven of its companies were Ohio troop.s, 
 one was from Illinois and two from Missouri. He was 
 with this regiment until it was mustered out of the service, 
 November i8th, 1864. He was an active participant in the 
 battles of Fort Donelson, Pittsburgh Landing, the siege of 
 Corinth, the battle of Corinth, Vicksburg, and Little Rock, 
 beside numerous smaller engagements. He was promoted 
 to the rank of Major, on May 9th, 1862. On September 
 l6lh of the same year he was advanced to the rank of Col- 
 onel; and on the 5th of March, 1865, was brevetted Briga- 
 dier-General for gallant and meritorious services during the 
 war. On December 9th, 1S64, he was appointed Colonel 
 of the 4lh United .States Veteran Volunteers, by Secretary 
 Stanton, and att.acbed to the 1st Army Corps under General 
 Hancock, .and was ordered to Virginia, where he served as 
 Colonel of this body until March 1st, 1866, doing service in 
 Virginia, Maryland, Ohio, and in Louisville, Kentucky. 
 He then returned to Portsmouth, Ohio, where he resumed 
 the lumber business until 1870. In 1867 he was appointed 
 Postmaster of Portsmouth, and continued in that jiosition 
 seven years, retiring from the same in 1874. In that year 
 he became proprietor of the Ironton Hotel, which has since 
 occupied his entire attention. His political creed is that 
 of the Republican party ; and in religious faith he is a mem- 
 ber of the Ivpiscopal Church. Socially he is pleasant and 
 agreeable; his character for integrity is unquestionable; 
 and he has ever been noted for untiring industry, energy, 
 and temperate habits. He was married, March l6th, 1845, 
 to Mary Rhodes, a native of Edenbiirg, Saratoga county. 
 New York, who died in October, 1852, leaving two chil- 
 dren. He was united to his second wife, Emily H. Mylin- 
 ger, of Lancaster, Ohio, on June 26th, 1855. 
 
 EAL, HENRY S., was born, August 25tb, 1828, at 
 Gallipolis, Ohio, and is the fourth of seven chil- 
 dren, whose parents were Henry H. and Lydia 
 (Safford) Neal. His fatner was a native of 
 Parkersburg, West Virginia, where he was born 
 in i 8 cx 3 . He is of Irisb ext.-action, being a de- 
 scendant of that ancient and honorable family of “ O’Neills ” 
 who fill so barge a page in the history of Ireland. His an- 
 cestors immigrated to this country prior to the revolution- 
 ary war, and in that momentous struggle embraced the 
 p.atriot cause, while other members of the family fought in 
 behalf of the British. This so enraged the ancestor that 
 he changed his name to “ Neal.” Henry’s mother was a 
 
366 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 native of Poultney, Vermont, a daughter of Jonas Safford, 
 whose ancestors came from Ipswich, England, in colonial 
 times. They were generally distinguished for intellectual, 
 moral and religious culture. Dr. Safford became a resident 
 of Gallipolis in i8i i, and during his lifetime was the leading 
 physician of that section. His daughter Lydia was born 
 April 5th, iSoi ; married Henry H. Neal December 19th, 
 1822 ; and died April 9th, 1834. She was a noble Christian 
 woman, first in every good word and work, and did much 
 towards preparing the subject of this sketch for a life of use- 
 fulness and worth. He was early taught moral and indus- 
 trious habits, and through his own energy and determina- 
 tion, seconded by the aid of his liberal-minded father, 
 acquired a liberal education, graduating at Marietta College 
 in 1S47. .Shortly after, he commenced the study of law 
 under the supervision of the Hon. Simeon Nash, then and 
 since one of the most distinguished lawyers and jurists of 
 southern Ohio. He pursued his studies with great energy 
 and assiduity for the period of three years, when he was 
 admitted to the bar in 1851, and shortly afterwards removed 
 to Ironton, Ohio, where he has since resided, engaged in 
 the practice of his profession. He soon attained a leading 
 position at the bar, and is noted for his irreproachable in- 
 tegrity, sound judgment, and legal acquirements. In 1861 
 he married Mary J. Campbell, eldest daughter of Hon. John 
 Campbell, of Ironton, an extensive ironmaster, and one of 
 the most remarkable business men of that section. In the 
 same year he was elected to the Senate of Ohio, serving in 
 that capacity for a period of four years, with credit to him- 
 self and to the satisfaction of his constituents. In 1869, 
 on account of impaired health, he sought an appointment in 
 Europe from President Grant, and w.as sent as Consul to 
 Lisbon, Portugal. Shortly after arriving out, the legation 
 became vacant by the resignation of the Minister Resident, 
 and Mr. Neal was appointed Charge d’ Affaires ad interim. 
 The duties of this office he discharged so acceptably as to 
 receive the special thanks of the Secretary of State. These 
 offices he resigned for the reason that his health was not 
 improved, and he could neither benefit himself nor serve his 
 country usefully, and returned to Ironton, where he resumed 
 the practice of his profession. On three different occasions 
 he was appointed to investigate Indian frauds. His reports 
 on the files of the Interior Department testify to the thor- 
 oughness of his work. In 1873 he w.as elected without 
 opposition to the Ohio Constitutional Convention, and upon 
 the floor of the Convention, and also as a member of the 
 Judicial Committee, he took a prominent part in the labors 
 of that body. Politically he is a Republican of Whig ante- 
 cedents, and an earnest friend of the “American system ” 
 so ably advocated by Henry Clay and other distinguished 
 statesmen, of “ protection to American industry,” believing 
 that the prosperity of the industrial interests of this counti-y 
 largely depend upon the continued embodiment of that 
 policy in our political economy. He has strong religious 
 convictions, being a membsr of the Presbyterian Church, 
 
 I but is not sectarian in his feelings, and regards with speci.al 
 interest all sincere efforts from every quarter to enlarge the 
 Master’s kingdom. He is of social habits, and enjoys the 
 confidence and respect of all good men. 
 
 EDRETTI, FRANCISCO, Fresco Artist of Cin- 
 cinnati, was born in Lombardy, Italy, June 22d, 
 1829. He early exhibited a taste for painting, 
 and his parents judiciously took steps to develop 
 his artistic talents. He was accordingly placed 
 under the instruction of Professor Pietro Mariani, 
 of Milan, and afterwards continued his education at the 
 academy at Brera. In 1848 he left his native country on 
 account of the revolution then in progress, and after a year’s 
 residence in Switzerland, emigrated to America and settled 
 in New York in 1851, where his skill as an artist and 
 originality as an ornamental designer soon secured him a 
 high standing, and a continued demand for his services 
 from all portions of the counti^. In 1853 he removed to 
 Buffalo, remaining but two years, after which he located at 
 Cincinnati, where he has since resided. The latter city has 
 been the scene of a remarkable professional success, which 
 has extended over eighteen .States of the Union. In these, 
 evidences of his ability as a, fresco artist everywhere abound, 
 and many of the most noted and beautiful structures in the 
 country bear upon their walls the added graces of his facile 
 pencil. He is devoted to his art and has done more to 
 elevate it in public estimation than perhaps any other painter 
 in the countiy, and in fixing a higher standard for artistic 
 excellence in his special branch has necessitated his com- 
 peers to follow in the pathway indicated, as the price of 
 success. He is an honorary member of the Cincinnati 
 Chapter of Architects, and is widely known and admired 
 for his genius, and universally respected as a useful private 
 citizen. 
 
 USS, ROSS C., M.D., was born in Brown county, 
 Ohio, April 9th, 1834. He was the youngest 
 child in a family of seven children whose parents 
 were Matthew Russ and Sarah (Welsh) Russ. 
 His father, a native of Westmoreland county, 
 Virginia, was engaged through life in agricultural 
 pursuits. He moved from his native State to Kentucky, 
 and thence at a later date removed to Ohio, settling in 
 Brown county, near Georgetown, where he resided until his 
 death in 1866. He was an officer in the war of 1812, and 
 the son of a colonist who took part as a patriot in the revo- 
 lutionary struggle. He was a man of sound judgment and 
 unquestionable integrity, and a true Christian gentleman. 
 The mother of Ross, a native of Mason county, Kentucky, 
 was a daughter of Thomas Welsh, one of the early pioneers 
 of that county. Her forefathers also had been identified 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 367 
 
 with the patriot cause, and taken part in the engagements 
 of the troublous times preceding the year 17S3. His boy- 
 hood days were passed alternately in attending school and 
 in working on a farm. He attended the Williamsburg 
 High School in Clermont county, Ohio, and in his seven- 
 teenth year began teaching school in Brown county, Ohio, 
 studying medicine in his leisure hours. At the age of 
 nineteen he entered the office of his brother, Ur. Matthew 
 C. Russ, at Royalton, Boone county, Indiana. Subsequently 
 he became a student in Rush Medical College of Chicago, 
 Illinois, and graduated with honor from that institution in 
 1856. In this year he returned to Royalton, Indiana, and 
 there began the practice of medicine. At the termination 
 of five years spent in successful labors, he removed to Ohio 
 in 1863, and settled in Danville, Highland county, where 
 he practised medicine until 1869. He then located his 
 office in Hillsborough, the county-seat, and there has since 
 resided, engaged in the control of an e.xtensive medical 
 practice. During the war of the rebellion he was commis- 
 sioned Surgeon of the 103d Regiment Ohio Volunteer 
 Infantry, but owing to a precarious state of health, was not 
 able to remain with his regiment throughout its entire term 
 of service. Public office of a partisan or political nature he 
 has never either sought or accepted. He is a valued 
 member of the Highland County Medical Society, and has 
 contributed scientific articles to the leading medical jour- 
 nals, which have thrown great light on the histology, path- 
 ology, and treatment of various intricate diseases, and which 
 have been generally highly appreciated by the leading 
 members of the medical profession. Politically his ideas 
 on the proper form of government, and the right policy of 
 his country, incline him to support the Republican party. 
 His religious opinions attach him to the Methodist Church. 
 He was married in 1862 to Myra M. Wright, a native of 
 Lexington, Kentucky. 
 
 m 
 
 y.o 
 
 OUDON, DE WITT CLINTON, Soldier, Law- 
 yer, and Jurist, was born. May 29th, 1827, at 
 Georgetown, Brown county, Ohio, and is the 
 eldest son of James and Elizabeth (Chapman) 
 Loudon. When he was five years of age his 
 father removed to a farm., where his son labored 
 during the farming season, and attended the district school 
 in the winter months. In .September, 1845, he entered the 
 Ohio University at Athens, where he remained until May, 
 1846, when he volunteered as a private in Captain McLean’s 
 company, 2d Ohio Regiment, commanded by Colonel 
 George W. Morgan. On his arrival at Camp Belknap, 
 Texas, he was transferred to the 1st Regiment Ohio Volun- 
 teers, in which he served until the expiration of his enlist- 
 ment. In the latter regiment he was promoted to Company 
 Sergeant, and subsequently to Quartermaster .Sergeant. 
 After his discharge from the service he returned to the 
 university, whence he graduated in 1850, receiving the 
 
 degree of A. B. After graduation he remained some time 
 as tutor, and thence removed to Georgetown — where he has 
 ever since resided — where he entered the law office of D. G. 
 Devon, and continued the study of law, to which he had 
 already given considerable attention. He was admitted to 
 the bar in Athens county, Ohio, in November, 1851, and 
 immediately thereafter commenced the practice of his pro- 
 fession in his native town. He was elected Probate Judge 
 in 1857, but after a few months’ service resigned the office 
 and returned to the bar. He was commissioned Lieutenant- 
 Colonel of the 70th Regiment Ohio Volunteers on October 
 2d, 1861, and promoted to the rank of Colonel in the .spring 
 of 1864, and in the following month of August was dis- 
 charged for disability. As soon as his health was sufficiently 
 restored, he resumed his practice, which he has steadily pur- 
 sued since that time. In January, 1869, he was admitted to 
 the bar of the United States .Supreme Court. In political 
 creed he was a radical Democrat until the outbreak of the 
 rebellion, at which time he joined the Union party, and 
 gave an active support to the war. In 1872 he united with 
 the Liberal movement, and supported Greeley for the Presi- 
 dency. In 1873 he was a candidate for Supreme Judge 
 under the nomination of the People’s party. He was mar- 
 ried in April, 1852, to Hannah W. Bolles, a native of 
 Southbridge, Massachusetts. 
 
 q) j|^l|^WVNNE, ELI W., Merchant, was born near 
 qIJSv Cumberland, Maryland, on December l8th, 1794. 
 plj 1 His father, Evan Gwynne, died early, but his 
 
 mother, Mrs. Elizabeth Gwynne, who died in this 
 
 city in 1847 at the advanced age of eighty-eight 
 C9 
 
 years, was widely known in the Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church, of which she was a member. Eli Gwynne 
 was one of ten brothers who all died before him. His only 
 sister, Mrs. Edmiston, of this city, survived him. He came 
 to Ohio when a boy, about 1810 or 1811, and entered into 
 business with his older brother in Franklinton, in Franklin 
 county, but soon after removed to Madison county on what 
 was and is known as the Gwynne farm, and commenced a 
 store at Urbana, Champaign county. The business of the 
 Gwynne Brothers was mercantile and agricultural, and 
 gradually grew to large extent. During the war of 1812 
 David Gwynne entered the army and rose to the rank of 
 Major. At the close of the war he was appointed Paym.aster, 
 and in assisting him Eli Gwynne, then quite a young man, 
 traversed a large part of northwestern Ohio on horseback, 
 suffering greatly at times from exposure and privation inci- 
 dent to pioneer life. After the war he continued his con- 
 nection with the business of his brother until the death of 
 Thomas Gwynne, and the removal of his brother to Cincin- 
 nati. This left him in full control of their extensive busi- 
 ness, which he carried on for a number of years. At one 
 time he had stores in Urbana, Springfield, and Columbus, 
 
368 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 and the farm in Madison county to superintend and direct. 
 When it is remembered that in those days no railroads 
 e.xisted, and purchases of goods were all made in the East, 
 and communication with the different towns was difficult, 
 an idea can be formed of the energy requisite to prosecute 
 successfully such extended affairs. Mr. Gwynne retired 
 from mercantile pursuits, about 1855, to his beautiful home 
 near Lafayette, where he gave his attention to farming and 
 cattle grazing. His growing fortune brought him into in- 
 timate relations with the financial affairs of the city, and 
 in everything connected with the business and prosperity 
 of city. State and nation he took a deep interest and active 
 part. He was a man of close observation and accurate 
 judgment, and when he had once matured his plans he 
 was a bold and firm operator. He was exact, just and 
 methodical in business matters, asking only what was right, 
 but submitting to no wrong. He died in Columbus, De- 
 cember yth, 1866. 
 
 rA?/- 
 
 t 
 
 jOSECRANS, GENERAL WILLIAM STARKE, 
 was born in Kingston township, Delaware county, 
 Ohio, September 6th, 1819. The name “ Rose- 
 crans ” is Dutch, signifying “a wreath of roses.” 
 His ancestors came from Amsterdam. His father, 
 Crandall Rosecrans, emigrated to Ohio from the 
 Wyoming valley, Pennsylvania, in 1808. His mother, 
 Jemima (Hopkins) Rosecrans, was a kinswoman of Timothy 
 Hopkins, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independ- 
 ence, and a daughter of a soldier in the Revolution. Their 
 son was a studious lad, with a mind prone to dwell upon 
 religious subjects, and with a disposition to engage others 
 in conversation upon topics of this class. He also loved 
 science and the study of mathematics, and eventually con- 
 ceived a desire to enter the Academy at West Point. Un- 
 known to his family, he endeavored to secure an appoint- 
 ment through Hon. Joel R. Poinsett, .Secretary of War 
 under President Van Buren. Failing to receive a prompt 
 answer to his request he broached the subject to his father, 
 who at once sanctioned his ambition. A petition being 
 prepared and largely signed, he was about to send it to 
 Washington, when he received notice that the appointment 
 was his. At the academy he was a close student, rather 
 retired in his manner, and something of a religious enthu- 
 siast. He was graduated in the class of 1842, and among 
 his fellow-graduates were many whose names were brought 
 into prominence during the late conflict, among others Long- 
 street, Pope, Doulrleday, and Earl Van Dorn. Entering 
 the preferred corps of the army, the Engineers, he was 
 made a Brevet Second Lieutenant, and sent to Fortress 
 Monroe. In the following year he returned to the acad- 
 emy, first as Assist.ant Professor of Engineering, then as 
 Assistant Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy, 
 then in charge of the department of Practical Engineering, 
 and finally as Post-Quartermaster. Soon after his return to 
 
 the academy he married Miss liegeman, only daughter of 
 Adrian liegeman, at the time a prominent member of the 
 bar of New York. Remaining at West Point seven years, 
 he was sent, in 1847, to Newport, Rhode Island, to take 
 charge of fortifications and other matters there. For the 
 next five years he was engaged in various works calling 
 into play his excellent qualifications as an Engineer, when, 
 in 1853, his health broke down. He had now, after serving 
 with credit for eleven of the best years of his life, reached 
 the grade of First Lieutenant, and seeing no hope of early 
 advancement he tendered his resignation. The Secretary 
 of War (Jefferson Davis), alive to the value of his services, 
 offered him a year’s leave of absence as an inducement to 
 him to withdraw his resignation, with the understanding 
 that, at the end of his leave, he might still be at liberty to 
 choose between civil and military life. Accordingly, in 
 April, 1S54, he resigned, the Chief of Engineers addressing 
 iiim a complimentary letter in acknowledgment of his long 
 and valuable services to his country. Soon after this he 
 was located in Cincinnati, where his office sign read : 
 “ William S. Rosecrans, Consulting Engineer and Archi- 
 tect.” .Some time after he became Superintendent, and 
 then President of the Cannel Coal Company, interested in 
 the development of coal fields of western Virginia. After 
 this he took charge of the interests of the Cincinnati Coal 
 Oil Company. But in these enterprises, although others 
 have since largely profited by his researches and experi- 
 ments, he was not pecuniarily successful. Still, he had be- 
 come a man of influence in the city which he had made his 
 home. The war coming on, he at once grasped the situa- 
 tion, and devoted his whole time to preventing any threat- 
 ened invasion of Ohio from over the border. On the 
 19th of April, McClellan, then raised to a Major-General 
 of Militia, appointed him to select a site for a camp of in- 
 struction for volunteers. The site he selected was after- 
 wards known as Camp Dennison. Remaining here a few 
 weeks. Governor Dennison gave him several tasks to perform 
 in connection with the troops being raised, all of which he 
 accomplished with success. Early in June he was ap- 
 pointed Chief Engineer for the State, under a special law, 
 and a few days later Colonel of the 23d Ohio Volunteers, 
 and assigned to the command of Camp Chase at Columbus. 
 P'our days after this his commission as Brigadier-General, 
 dating from April l6th, 1861, reached him, and he was 
 called into active service in West Virginia. Two weeks 
 after he assumed command his brigade won a victory that 
 decided the first campaign of the war, and he displayed, 
 not only his ability as a strategist, but great gallantry in 
 charging the enemy at the head of his troops. The affair 
 was known as the battle of Rich Mountain. His success 
 was rewarded by his being placed in command of the de- 
 partment of West Virginia on McClellan’s departure for the 
 East. But his command was much depleted by the expira- 
 tion of service of some of his regiments, and the raw troops 
 by which they were replaced had yet to be tested. General 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 369 
 
 R. E. Lee was sent to oppose him, with Floyd and Wise 
 under him. The campaign ended with Lee being out- 
 manoeuvred by the Union General, and recalled to the East. 
 By a unanimous vote the Ohio Legislature thanked the 
 victor, and the Legislature of West Virginia passed a like 
 resolution of thanks for his conduct of civil as well as 
 military affairs. In April, 1862, he was relieved of his 
 command to give place to P'remont, and ordered to Wash- 
 ington. After remaining there some time, about the middle 
 of May he w.as ordered to report to Halleck, then in front 
 of Corinth. Here, although placed in a subordinate com- 
 mand, being practically reduced in rank, he did good ser- 
 vice. After the battle he succeeded Pope in command of 
 the Army of the Mississippi. Almost alone he fought the 
 battle of luka, through a blunder of two other commanders, 
 who failed to reinforce him. Becoming aware of a move- 
 ment on the part of the enemy to recapture Corinth, he 
 prepared to give them battle. Outnumbered, two to one, 
 the Union troops fought desperately, alternately losing and i 
 gaining ground. At last, after great slaughter, the rebels 
 were driven back. In “ Pollard’s Southern History” the 
 battle is described as “ the great disaster which was to re.act 
 on other theatres of war, and cast the long shadow of mis- 
 fortune upon the country of the West.” In the very flush 
 of victory, and while in hot pursuit, he was refused aid by 
 Grant and ordered back to Corinth, much against his will. 
 A week or so after his return to Corinth he was ordered to 
 Cincinnati. From hence he was instructed to relieve Gen- 
 eral Buell in Kentucky. At the head of a large but de- 
 moralized army, he was requested by Halleck to move into 
 East Tennessee. Replying that this was impossible, he con- 
 tinued in his work of reorganization. Subsequent move- 
 ments of the rebels vindicating this course, his displeased 
 chief again and again ordered him to move, adding at last 
 that “ he had been requested by the President to designate 
 a successor for General Rosecrans.” The soldier’s reply 
 was: “ My appointment to the command having been made 
 without any solicitation from me or my friends, if the Presi- 
 dent continues to have confidence in the propriety of the 
 selection, he must permit me to use my judgment and be 
 responsible for the results; but if he entertains doubts he 
 ought at once to appoint a commander in whom he can 
 confide, for the good of the service and of the country.” 
 At last, after having thoroughly completed the reorganiza- 
 tion of his army, and having been in command two months, 
 he advanced upon the enemy at Murfreesboro’, December 
 26th, 1862. His plan of battle was admirably arranged, 
 but was destined to be marred by the ill luck of a division 
 commander, who failed to hold his position. Disaster fol- 
 lowed hard upon, but the general in command never lost 
 his presence of mind. Rushing where danger W’as greatest, 
 his orders were quick and peremptoiy. The rebels under 
 Bragg were checked, but the Union forces had lost heavily 
 in officers and men. After two days of fighting, without 
 advantage to either army, Bragg made a gr.ind onslaught, 
 47 
 
 driving one division across Stone river and following in 
 pursuit. On an eminence the Union general had placed a 
 collection of batteries, which was to turn the tide of the 
 day. When they opened their mouths the shock was terrific. 
 In forty minutes two thousand rebels were strewn about the 
 field, and as this slaughter was followed up by a charge by 
 the P'ederals the enemy retreated in confusion. The battle 
 of Stone River was over. On the first day the general’s 
 chief of staff, while riding by his side, had his head blown 
 from his shoulders, and others of his staff were struck. 
 The country went wild with joy over the great victory. 
 The personal courage of its author was in everybody’s 
 mouth. But with this victory the star of the general began 
 to descend. He could never agree with Halleck, and the 
 latter was ever finding fault. There is not space here to 
 give a full account of what followed Stone River. He had 
 further successes against Bragg. The bloody battle of 
 Chickamauga was fought. Neither army could claim a vic- 
 i tory, but it furnished cause for the removal of the Union com- 
 mander. He was relieved by General George H. Thomas. 
 Returning to Cincinnati, after having held the command for 
 one year, he was out of active service for three months, and 
 served as President of the Sanitary Fair at that place. He 
 never uttered a murmur at his misfortunes, but still used all 
 his influence for the cause of the Union, especially among 
 the Roman Catholics of the State. He was still warmly 
 regarded by the citizens of Ohio, and he was looked upon 
 by them as a much-abused man. At last he was called 
 from his retirement, and ordered to relieve Schofield in 
 command of the department of Missouri. Here he was 
 actively engaged in suppressing guerilla warfare, in ex- 
 posing the machinations of the “ Order of American 
 Knights,” and in preparing to rejiel the rebel Price’s 
 threatened invasion of the State. In the campaign against 
 Price, when the latter at last invaded Missouri, he success- 
 fully drove him out and inflicted severe punishment upon 
 him. But he never rose again into the full confidence of the 
 administration, and had not been for some time regarded 
 kindly by Grant or Halleck. The danger in Missouri being 
 over, he was, without exjdanation or warning, relieved of 
 his command, December gth, 1864, and took final leave of 
 active service. At the close of the war, being assigned to 
 no department of the service, he asked for a year’s leave 
 of absence. During this year he visited Nevada, and in- 
 spected the silver mines in that and other Territories. At 
 the end of his leave he resigned his commission in the 
 army. For some years he has been engaged in mining on 
 the Pacific slope, taking no part in public affairs, and 
 strictly confining himself to his business. He was, without 
 doubt, one of the greatest generals the war produced, and 
 certainly the greatest strategist. In appearance he is about 
 six feet high, well-formed, and wears a (nil but trimmed 
 beard. He is a very devout Catholic, and his brother. 
 Right Rev. Sylvester Rosecrans, is the Bishop of the Roman 
 Catholic Church at Columbus, Ohio. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 370 
 
 ESOR, WILLIAM, Slove Manufacturer, was born, 
 September 6th, 1810, in Mercersburg, Pennsyl- 
 vania. His father removed to Cincinnati in the 
 spring of i8n, where William was educated at a 
 private school. He was apprenticed to learn the 
 tinner’s trade with his father, who had established 
 that business in connection with copper and gunsmithing. 
 He labored industriously at this calling until 1833, when he 
 engaged in the same business on his own account. In 1835 
 he took the stove patterns lo the iron furnaces on the Ohio, 
 and became the pioneer of stove manufacture in the West. 
 In 1837 he started the first stove foundry in Cincinnati, and 
 from a small beginning increased the same from year to 
 year, until it now employs some two hundred and fifty 
 hands. In order to afford necessary business facilities for 
 his largely augmented business, he removed to a larger site 
 in 1847, where he carried on the manufactory until 1857, 
 when the foundry was destroyed by fire, together with the 
 large stock of patterns. Within sixty days after this casualty 
 occurred he had rebuilt the foundry, pattern shop, etc., and 
 bad prepared new patterns and tools. At his own expense 
 he erected the first public school building at Clifton, where 
 he resided, and of which he had been one of the earliest 
 projectors, having removed thither in 1844. He was one 
 of the originators and directors of the Spring Grove Cem- 
 etery, and took a warm interest in various public enter- 
 prises. He was a man of great energy, and possessed fine 
 executive abilities. He was exceedingly well informed, 
 and had attained rare culture from extended reading, and 
 observation while travelling in Europe and other parts of 
 the world. During a portion of his business career his two 
 brothers had been associated in partnership with him ; and 
 for some time previous to his death his sons had been 
 active participants in the management of the works. He 
 was married in 1832 to Mary T., daughter of Hon. Isaac 
 G. Burnet, late Mayor of Cincinnati. He died April 3d, 
 1874, having been in active business until his death, when 
 the establishment passed into the hands of his sons and 
 another person who is likewise interested in the business. 
 
 ENNETT, JO.SIAH HIBB.ARD, Physician and 
 Surgeon, was born, Jidy 12th, 1826, in Allegany 
 county. New York, of American parentage and 
 of Welsh and French ancestry. He was princi- 
 pally educated at Temple Hill Seminary, at 
 Geneseo; emigrating to Ohio in 1846 he com- 
 menced the study of medicine under the tuition of Dr. 
 William C. Porter, and subsequently finished his course of 
 study at the Starling Medical College, in Columbus, in the 
 winter of 1849-50. He commenced the practice of his 
 profession at Evansport, Defiance county, and was one of 
 the pioneer physicians of that section. He remained there 
 thirteen years, and in 1863 removed to Wauseon, in Fulton 
 
 county, where he has ever since resided and where he is 
 known and recognized as an able physician and surgeon. 
 In 1869 he was appointed Surgeon for the air line of the 
 Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad Company, upon 
 the special recommendation of Hon. M. R. Waite, the pres- 
 ent Chief-Justice of the United States Supreme Court, 
 which position he still occupies with credit to himself, with 
 satisfaction to the company and with honor to the profes- 
 sion. He is an active member of the Fulton County Medi- 
 cal Society, and also of the United States Medical Congress. 
 His present prominence as a physician and surgeon is due 
 entirely to his own exertions and energy. In early youth 
 his advantages for culture were rather limited ; hut by dint 
 of industry and self-reliance — for he never received any 
 outside assistance — he has attained the position he at 
 present occupies ; and his talents and rare skill have 
 received the deference to which he is entitled. He was 
 married, September 4th, 1850, to Tryphena Denman, of 
 Defiance county, Ohio. 
 
 OHN, JOHN W., Merchant, Manufacturer and 
 Wine Producer, was born in Bavaria, May 15th, 
 1815. His p.arents rvere William L. and Cath- 
 erine (Daener) Sohn. He received an excellent 
 education in the public schools of the free city of 
 Windsheim, studying Latin, Greek, French and 
 the higher mathematics at the Gymnasium, and at the age 
 of seventeen was apprenticed to learn the trade of brewer 
 and cooper. Having finished his apprenticeship he came 
 to America in 1834, and made his way to his present home, 
 Hamilton. Here for a time he was reduced to the greatest 
 extremity; and, being unable to find work at either branch 
 of his trade, began his career in the new world by chopping 
 wood at twenty-five cents a cord. After some months he 
 obtained work at his trade in Cincinnati, where he remained 
 three years, and then returning to Hamilton started for 
 himself in a small way at brewing. His business gradually 
 extended and his means constantly increased till, in 1846, 
 he engaged in the- tanning business, and this enterprise has 
 increased to very extensive proportions, embracing one 
 large tanneiy in Hamilton and another in Pike county. 
 Though no longer a brewer, he is still eng.aged in the 
 business of malting, and for years has been experimenting 
 with great interest in the production of native wine. He 
 has the largest vineyard in Butler county, and has had 
 great success in producing wine from the Venango grape. 
 To all these enterprises Mr. Sohn has added the business 
 of pork-packing, in which line he does the largest business 
 in the county, and is interested with two of his sons-in-law 
 in the manufacture of the “ Universal W’ood-working Ma- 
 chine,” which is the invention of the young men, and a 
 work of great merit in the manufacture of scroll and other 
 kinds of wood-sawing and dressing. He also carries on a 
 leather and shoe-findings store in Hamilton, is a Director 
 
&cilcLcy Pub Co 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.^IDI A. 
 
 of the First National Bank, ami for fifteen years has been 
 President of the Hamilton h ire Insurance Company. With 
 all his private enterprises he has still found time to take an 
 interest in public affairs, and has frequently been a member 
 of the City Council and the Board of Education of the city 
 of Hamilton. He has also been County Commissioner, 
 and in 1872 was nominated for Congress by the Liberal or 
 Greeley faction ; and though he had been a life-long Re- 
 publican he received the unanimous vote of the Democratic 
 party, which refused that term to place an opposition can- 
 didate in the field, but with the great chief under whose 
 ensign he entered the arena he was defeated. It would be 
 superfluous to add, after having enumerated his business 
 enterprises, that Mr. Sohn is a man of great executive 
 ability, and it is likewise needless to state, having shown j 
 the repeated marks of public confidence which he has ! 
 received, that he has the esteem and good will of the com- 
 munity in which he resides. Cordial in his manner and 
 simple in his mode of life, he has acquired a large fortune 
 by honesty, industry and economy, and has done it all 
 without incurring the reproach (th.at too often falls upon 
 men of riches) either of parsimony or fraud. His charity 
 has been as broad as his means, and for a great many years 
 he has been President of the United German Society, an 
 association which looks after the physical welfare and in- 
 tellectual improvement of the German population of that 
 county. In 1840 he married Catharine, daughter of Rev. 
 Charles E. Rosenfield, pastor of the German Lutheran and 
 Reform Church of Hamilton. With her he has had nine 
 children, three sons and six daughters, all of whom are 
 living. 
 
 c' ANK.S, JEDEDIAH, Pioneer Manufacturer of 
 Cincinnati, was born at Millville, New Jersey, 
 -g'J I .September 1st, 1792. His grandfather was a 
 captain and his father a captain in the American 
 army of the Revolution. Both were captured by 
 the British, at Amboy, and imprisoned for some 
 months. Jedediah was raised on a farm, received some 
 education, and in the war of 1812 was one of the “ Minute 
 men” of his neighborhood. In 1817, at the age of twenty- 
 five, he came to Cincinnati with his wife and child. He 
 was a man of mechanical genius, and had picked up a 
 knowledge of iron-work that served him well in after years. 
 He assisted in the construction of the first boiler made in 
 Cincinnati. In the particular work of heavy welding in 
 those pioneer days he had no superior. His shop was sit- 
 uated on Columbus street, in what was known as “ Flat-iron ! 
 Block.” He was the first Steamboat Inspector appointed 
 through act of the Ohio Legislature, and for several years 
 held this position. He was one of the oldest and most 
 prominent Masons in the West, and for fifty years held 
 faithful relations with the order in Cincinnati, although he 
 had tjecome a member many years before in the East. He 
 
 ^71 
 
 was made a Knight Templar at Lebanon, Ohio, more than 
 half a century ago. Sir Thomas Corwin being Eminent 
 Commander on the occasion. Pie was an enthusiast in the 
 order up to the time of his decease, and was one of those 
 who united in the organization of the Cincinnati Com- 
 mandery, in 1839. Pie was also one of the oldest volunteer 
 firemen. P'rom his youth he had been a member of the 
 Methodist Church, although he seceded from the mother 
 church years ago and joined the Methodist Protestants. 
 He died, January 28th, 1876, having been retired from 
 activities of life over twenty-five years. Two sons and a 
 daughter survive him. 
 
 ^OX, D.WTD C., Pension Agent for the District 
 of Columbia, was born in Zanesville, Ohio, on 
 the 14th of March, 1831. His father, Horatio 
 J. Cox, was a native of New Jersey, but became 
 an early settler in the State of Ohio, where he 
 was largely engaged in the manufacture of paper, 
 and for some years acted as an associate judge. The 
 mother of David C. was nee Ann Chambers, of Virginia. 
 The education obtained was only the thorough course 
 given in the public schools, at the completion of which Mr. 
 Cox engaged in assisting his father in his business, with 
 whom he remained until about thirty years of age. He 
 then entered the service of the Central Ohio Railroad, at 
 Bellaire, where he remained until January, 1862, when 
 General B. R. Cowen (the present Assistant Secretary of 
 the Interior), who had been chosen Secretary of State for 
 Ohio, selected him to be his chief clerk. In this capacity 
 he was engaged for about one year, and at the assembling 
 of the Ohio Legislature, in January, 1863, he was chosen 
 Clerk of the House of Representatives of that body, the 
 duties of which office he satisfactorily performed for the 
 session. On the adjournment of the Legislature he be- 
 came one of the secretaries of Governor Tod, remain- 
 ing thus occupied during the completion of that Executive’s 
 term, and also during the succeeding year (1864) under 
 the administration of Governor Brough. In 1865 he was 
 again called to the chief clerkship in the Secretary of State’s 
 office, under Hon. W. H. Smith; but he remained here 
 only for a brief period. On the election of Governor Cox 
 he was appointed on the gubernatorial staff as Assistant 
 Adjutant-General, with the rank of Colonel, and acted in 
 this c.apacity during his term of office. In 1869 Mr. Cox 
 was appointed, by Columbus Delano, Siqrervisor of the 
 Internal Revenue Bureau, and consequently removed to 
 Washington, District of Columbia. The manifold duties 
 of this office were thoroughly and eminently satisfactorily 
 performed by Mr. Cox during his term of service in this 
 department, which lasted until March, 1871, when he was 
 transferred to the Interior Department, and acted as Super- 
 intendent of Documents up to February, 1872, when he 
 was appointed to his present office of Pension Agent of the 
 
372 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 District of Columbia, and reappointed at the expiration of 
 his first term, a short time since. He was married in 1856 
 to Alice Lee, of Zanesville, Ohio. In politics Mr. Cox has 
 always acted with the Republican party, and his long con- 
 tinuance in public positions bears testimony to his ability 
 and integrity as a public servant. In 1871 he was appointed 
 by the President one of the Board of Civil Service Commis- 
 sion, in which body he served for three years, and until its 
 dissolution. 
 
 ' ARRERE, HON. JOHN M., Postmaster of Hills- 
 borough, Highland county, Ohio, was born in 
 Fleming county, Kentucky, July nth, iSoo. 
 He was the third in a family of twelve children, 
 whose parents were George W. Barrere and Abi- 
 gail Mills Barrere, who came to Ohio and settled 
 in New Market, Highland county, in the fall of 1803. Until 
 his boyhood days were passed he was occupied mainly in 
 attending school during the winter months and working on 
 a farm the balance of his time. He was married, August 
 30th, 1821, to Margaret Morrow, a daughter of James Mor- 
 row, an early pioneer of Highland county, Ohio, who re- 
 moved to that place from Pennsylvania in 1807; he w'as a 
 useful and loyal citizen, and for a number of years held the 
 office of Justice of the Peace; he died February 22d, 1838. 
 In the spring of 1822 John M. Barrere erected his log cabin 
 in the midst of a dense forest, his nearest neighbor being 
 one and a half miles away, and lived there until 1830, clear- 
 ing in that time about twenty-five acres, and encountering 
 such hardships and privations as are unknown to the more 
 recent and fortunate settler. In the course of that year he 
 disposed of his farm and moved to the village of New 
 Market, where he was subsequently engaged in mercantile 
 pursuits for about sixteen years. He then sold out his in- 
 terest in the business and purchased a farm adjoining the 
 village, and returned to his former mode of life. On this 
 property he resided until 1867. He was made a Mason, 
 and admitted a member of Highland Lodge, No. 38, of 
 Free and Accepted Masons, on February 4th, 1826. He 
 was subsequently exalted to the most sublime degree of 
 Royal Arch Mason ; advanced to the degrees of Royal and 
 Select Master, and admitted to the order of Christian 
 Knighthood; he has been an active and working Mason for 
 fifty years, serving as Master of Highland Lodge, No. 38; 
 High Priest of Hillsborough Chapter, No. 40, Royal Arch 
 Masons, and Thrice Illustrious Grand Master of Hillsbor- 
 ough Council, No. 16, Royal and Select Master Masons, for 
 many years, and long a member of tlie Grand Lodge, Grand 
 Chapter and Grand Council of Ohio. His first election to 
 the Senate of Ohio, in which he served two years, dates 
 from 1843 ; his second from 1853, when he again served two 
 years. During his first term as a member of the Legislature 
 he secured distinction as a zealous supporter of the general 
 system of State banks. For thirty-five years he has been a 
 
 consistent and exemplary member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, and in its doctrines and communion finds the .solu- 
 tion of the great problem of the life that now is and the 
 life that is to come. In 1861 he assisted in raising and 
 organizing the 60th Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 
 and accompanied it to the scenes of war as Adjutant, and 
 remained in the service until the fall of 1862. At Harper’s 
 Ferry, Virginia, he was wounded, and lost his left hand, 
 and with his regiment was taken prisoner by the Confed- 
 erate forces. He was subsequently released on parole and 
 returned to his home. Of five sons who served efficiently 
 in the Union army during the progress of the sectional con- 
 test, one died of disease, contracted while assisting in the 
 defence of the national flag and the unity of the nation; one 
 was blown up on board of the ill-fated steamer “ Sultana ; ” 
 and one was starved to death in that monstrous enclosure 
 known in the annals of infamy as Andersonville Prison. In 
 1863 he was elected a member of the Board of Public Works 
 of Ohio, and was again elected in 1866, serving in that re- 
 lation for six years. In 1S67 he moved to Hillsborough, 
 where he now resides. In 1S69 he was appointed Post- 
 master, and since that date has been constantly engaged in 
 the active discharge of the duties of that office. 
 
 I^OLLEV, JUDGE PERAS R., Judge of the Probate 
 Court of Lawrence County, Ohio, was born in 
 Otsego county. New York, May 5th, 1815. He 
 was the third child in a family of ten children, 
 whose parents were Daniel Policy and Mary 
 (Holcomb) Policy. His father, a native of 
 Massachusetts, followed through life the trade of millwright, 
 and also agricultural pursuits; he moved to Ohio in March, 
 1816, settling in Gallia county, whence, after selling his 
 farm, in March, 1858, he removed to Jackson county, Ohio, 
 where he resided permanently untd his demise in 1S64; he 
 had been an active participant in the war of 1812, and was 
 the son of Daniel Policy, a revolutionary soldier. His 
 mother, a native of Chenango county. New York, was a 
 daughter of Zephaniah Holcomb, one of the colonial patriots 
 and an officer in the army of the confederated provinces. 
 Until his fourteenth year w.as attained his days were passed 
 alternately in attending school in the winter months and in 
 working on a farm during the summer seasons. In 1829 he 
 was taken by his father to learn the trade of millwright, 
 while continuing to labor a part of the time as farm-a.ssistant. 
 In this manner he was then assiduously employed until 1852. 
 At the age of twenty-one he had conquered so thoroughly 
 the mysteries and difficulties of his trade that he took the 
 rank of master-wright, and his initial work as a master- 
 wright was done in Scioto county, Ohio. Previous to 1845, 
 the date of his settlement in I.awrence county, Ohio, he 
 worked for varying periods in West Virginia and in Gallia 
 and Scioto counties, and in other parts of Ohio ; subsequently 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 373 
 
 he settled in Elizabeth township, Lawrence county, and was 
 there employed principally in working at his trade for about 
 one year. Pie then moved to a place near Ironton, in Upper 
 township, where, still engaged at his trade, he remained 
 until 1855, when he settled in Ironton, where he has since 
 resided. In 1852 he was elected Magistrate of Upper town- 
 ship, and on his settlement in Ironton was elected to the 
 same office, which through successive re-elections was re- 
 tained by him until 1869. In that year he was elected Pro- 
 bate Judge of Lawrence county; was re-elected in 1872, 
 and has down to the present time held this office for about 
 si.t ye.irs. In 1856 he was elected Township Clerk of Up- 
 per township; has been re-elected several times, and still 
 fills that position. Ilis views and sentiments concerning 
 the polity of his country incline him toward the Republican 
 party, and his first vote at a Presidential election was cast 
 in favor of General Harrison. Religiously, he holds to the 
 form and spirit of the Baptist Church, of which he has been 
 a member since 1852. For a number of years he has been 
 a member of the Masonic fraternity, and has taken a prom- 
 inent p.irt also as an earnest advocate in the movements of 
 the temperance organizations. He was married. May loth, 
 1849, to Elizabeth Mayhew, of Lawrence county, Ohio, who 
 died December 25th, 1851, with issue of two children ; and 
 again, February 28th, 1854, to Rebecca Staley, of Wayne 
 county. West Virginia. 
 
 C^[IDGWAV, HON. JOSEPH, Jr., was born on 
 \) Staten Island, New York, April 23d, iSoo. He 
 
 I was the son of Matthew Ridgway and Mary (De- 
 
 ',^ 0 pt'v) Ridgway. He was descended from a family 
 (s of ancient Quaker people, the name of Ridgway 
 
 being one of the most prominent among the sect 
 in the two States of New York and Pennsylvania. Losing 
 his father at an early age, he left his home to reside with his 
 uncle, Hon. Joseph Ridgway, Jr., afterward member of Con- 
 gress from Ohio, but who was then residing in Cayuga 
 county. New York. Here he received his education at one 
 of the excellent academies^ for which that State was then 
 famous. After acquiring a fair knowledge of engineering, he 
 moved to Ohio with his uncle when about twenty years of 
 age. Settling in Columbus, he commenced his career by 
 engaging in his chosen field of labor as an engineer on the 
 canals then in course of construction under State supervision 
 and management. Several years later he became a partner 
 in a large foundry establishment, which, brought into ex- 
 istence by his uncle, was at this time doing an extensive 
 business in the manufacture of plows and other agricultural 
 
 implements for the Ohio and Indiana trade. It was one of 
 the pioneer manufacturing enteqtrises of Columbus, and still 
 exists under the name of the Ridgway Foundiy, although the 
 business has passed into other hands. Upon the demon- 
 strated success in Europe and the Eastern States of steam 
 railways, he at once set about a course of investigation, and 
 
 I 
 
 threw the whole energy of his nature into the enterprise of 
 securing the benefits of the system to the State of Ohio, 
 whose surface he saw, with the quick discernment of the 
 practical engineer, was more favorably adapted to the cheap 
 construction of railways than any place where they had up 
 to that day been built. He became, accordingly, one of the 
 principal stockholders and Director of one of the first rail- 
 roads laid in the State, the Columbus & Xenia, connecting 
 wdth the Little Miami Railroad. At the time of his death 
 he acted in the capacity of Secretary of the company. When 
 it became necessary to furnish rolling stock for the road, he 
 established a car-factory at Columbus, which became even- 
 tually one of the most important and successful business en- 
 terprises of the State. In 1844 he was a member of the Ohio 
 Senate ; w'as re-elected in 1846 a Representative of his county 
 in the House. He was one of the Commis'sioners to decide 
 upon the plan and to superintend the construction of the 
 new State House at Columbus, and it is in no small degree 
 to his cultivated taste and liberal ideas that the people of the 
 State are indebted for a building that, for its purpose, ranks 
 second to none in the country. After having established 
 for himself one of the finest homes in Columbus, and iden- 
 tifying himself in an important degree with every iniblic 
 movement designed to further the improvement of the city, 
 he died, August 23d, 1850, keenly regretted by his towns- 
 men and friends, and by all throughout the State and West- 
 ern country who were acquainted with his career of honor- 
 able usefulness. He was married, November 28th, 1828, 
 to Jeannette S. Tatem, daughter of Charles T.atem, of Cin- 
 cinnati. The fruits of that union were ten children, five of 
 whom, two sons and three djughters, are now living. 
 Joseph Ridgway, Jr., died some years before his uncle, 
 Joseph Ridgway, hence he w'as always known as Joseph 
 Ridgway, Jr. 
 
 j LACKMAN, GEORGE CURTIS, M. D., was 
 
 born at Newtowm, Connecticut, April 21st, 1819. 
 He was the second son of Hon. Thomas Black- 
 man, of the bench and bar of Connecticut. He 
 graduated in medicine at the College of I’hysi- 
 cians and Surgeons, New York, March ist, 1840. 
 During the early years of his professional life he was em- 
 ployed as Surgeon of an Atlantic packet ship, and while 
 thus engaged crossed the ocean frequently. He spent con- 
 ^ siderable time in professional study in Great Britain and 
 P'rance — the greater part in London hospitals. While in 
 the great metropolis he had to contend with the greatest 
 poverty. He was, however, kindly treated by Mr. George 
 Pollock, of St. George’s Hospital, and Sir William P'ergus- 
 son. At a later date, he was one of the very few foreign 
 surgeons elected a member of the Royal Medical and Chi- 
 rurgical Society. He was also honored by the same society 
 with a letter of thanks for a paper read before it. At an 
 early period in his professional life he became quite debili- 
 
374 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 tated from cough and hemorrhage, and he was pronounced 
 a viclim of pulmonary phthisis beyond all hope. This pros- 
 tration was his chief motive for so frequently seeking the 
 sea air, which always improved his health. He crossed the 
 Atlantic thirty-six times, besides visiting South America. 
 He was a frequent and valued contributor to the medical 
 literature of the day, his first article appearing soon after his 
 graduation. In this country there was not a surgeon of any 
 eminence that he could not claim as his personal friend ; 
 among these were Mott, Gross and Parker. He was re- 
 quested by the first named to edit his translation of “ Vel- 
 peau’s Surgery,” and to this work he added an appendix of 
 great value, as well as many notes and comments, illus- 
 trating his remarkable acquirements in surgical literature. 
 In 1854, upon the recommendation of eminent practitioners, 
 he came to Cincinnati. Soon after his arrival he was chosen 
 by the trustees of the Medical College of Ohio to fill the 
 chair of Principles and Practice in that institution. In this 
 position he continued until his death. In the lecture-room 
 he was effective and instructive, but it was in the hospital as 
 an operator that his great skill and power were displayed. 
 He would not only describe the case before him to the full 
 satisfaction of all, but give the history of the disease and all 
 that had been written upon it. In this special field his en- 
 thusiasm was sublime. During the late war he was a 
 Surgeon of Volunteers, and was for some time Medical 
 Director to General ( 3 . M. Mitchel’s department of the 
 Army of the Cumberland. He was also in the Army of the 
 Potomac. At the time of his death he was collecting mate- 
 rial for a work on surgery, and another on malpractice. His 
 extensive travel and wide knowledge outside his profession, 
 added to good conversational powers, made him a welcome 
 guest in society. In his last illness he was confined to his 
 room about six weeks, dying July 19th, 1871, his death 
 causing sincere regret among a large circle of professional 
 and social acquaintances. His remains were taken from his 
 late residence in Avondale, a suburb of Cincinnati, and de- 
 posited in Spring Grove Cemetery. 
 
 OX, GENERAL JACOB DOLSON, ex-Governor 
 of Ohio, was born in Montreal, Canada, October 
 27th, 1828. His parents were natives of the 
 United States, and were temporarily residing there 
 at the time of his birth, his father being engaged 
 in building. His mother was a lineal descendant 
 of Elder William Brewster of the “ Mayflower.” His 
 childhood and youth were spent in New York city, and he 
 removed to Ohio in 1846. He was graduated at Oberlin 
 College in 1851, and began the practice of law at Warren in 
 the following year. In 1859 he was elected by the Repub- 
 licans to the State Senate from the Trumbull and Mahoning 
 district, and held this position at the outbreak of the war. 
 He had for some time been a general officer in the State 
 
 militia, and was active in putting the State in a position of 
 defence, as he foresaw the coming difficulties to a certain 
 extent. In the three months’ service he was a Brigadier- 
 General of Ohio Volunteers, and he assisted General McClel- 
 lan in various duties connected with the equipment of troops. 
 P'or a few months he had charge of Camp Jackson at Co- 
 lumbus, and was actively at work fitting volunteers for the 
 field. Soon after recruiting for three years’ serv'ice com- 
 menced, he was made a Brigadier-General by the President, 
 his former commission being held under Governor Denni- 
 son. Later he was placed in charge of the military district 
 of Kanawha, and served with credit, if not distinction, in the 
 campaign that followed and lasted until the winter opened. 
 In the spring and summer of 1862 he served under Fremont 
 in West Virginia. In the fall he did gallant service at 
 South Mountain, taking command of General Reno’s corps 
 after the death cf that officer. He commanded this (the 
 9th) corps at the battle of Antietam. For his services in 
 this campaign he was, on the recommendation of Burnside 
 and McClellan, made a Major-General, to date from October 
 7th, 1862. Shortly after he was ordered to take charge of 
 the new State of West Virginia. In the spring of 1863 he 
 was assigned to the command of the District of Ohio, with 
 head-quarters at Cincinnati. In December, at his own 
 request, he was relieved and ordered to East Tennessee, and 
 commanded the 23d Corps during the winter. There being 
 an excess of officers of that grade, his Major-General’s com- 
 mission had been withdrawn some time previous. He saw 
 very active service in 1864, and led a division in. many hard- 
 fought battles. After the fall of Atlanta he was again 
 created a Major-General. In January, 1865, his corps was 
 ordered to the East, and embarked from Alexandria for 
 Fort Fisher early in the following month. In the advance 
 upon Wilmington his troops fought well, and took an active 
 part in all the operations which ended with Sherman’s junc- 
 tion with Schofield. On the 27th of March, 1865, he was 
 placed permanently in command of the 23d Corps, and upon 
 the surrender of Johnston, was placed in command of the 
 western half of North Carolina, where he superintended the 
 parole of prisoners at Greensborough. In July he was or- 
 dered to the command of the Di.strict of Ohio. Here he 
 had charge of the mustering out of troops. Before he was 
 mustered out of the service he was elected Governor of Ohio, 
 and resigned to enter upon the duties of that office. He 
 was elected by the Republicans, but his course as Governor 
 did not meet the approval of his party. He drifted into 
 conservatism with Andrew Johnson. But he did not fully 
 indorse the President’s vie\y« on matters of state, and never 
 left the Republican party. He served but one term as 
 Governor, declining a renomination in advance of its being 
 offered, and resumed the practice of law. From March, 
 1869, to November, 1870, he was Secretary of tlie Interior. 
 He was then engaged for some time in the practice of law 
 at Cincinnati. For some time he has been President of the 
 Toledo, Wabash & Western Railroad, and being appointed 
 
J.C.BvLttre. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOPHiDIA. 
 
 375 
 
 Receiver for the same, removed to Toledo in the spring of 
 1875, where he now resides. General Cox is an accom- 
 plished scholar and refined gentleman. As a speaker he 
 always acquits himself creditably. In the law he is well 
 read, though not a leader at the bar. He was one of the 
 best civilian generals the war produced, and stood higher in 
 the estimation of the War Department at the close of his 
 service than at any previous time. 
 
 CKLEV, HORACE A., Surgeon, was born in 
 Genesee county. New York, in 1815, and died, 
 April 24th, 1859, in Cleveland, Ohio. He was 
 educated in the common schools of his native 
 town and finished at a private academy. He 
 commenced the study of medicine on leaving 
 school, and, after some Instruction at Elba and Batavia, at- 
 tended a course of lectures at Fairfield, Herkimer county, 
 where he graduated in 1833. In the following year he 
 removed to Rochester, New York, where he practised in the 
 office of Dr. Havill, and gave a course of lectures on anatomy 
 for Dr. Delm.ater, at Palmyra, New York. In 1835 he removed 
 to Ohio, settling at first in Akron, where he practised medi- 
 cine. In 1836 he gave a course of lectures in Willoughby, 
 being appointed Demonstrator of Anatomy at the Willoughby 
 Medical College. In the same year he removed to Toledo, 
 where he practised his profession three years, and tlien 
 removed to Cleveland, where, with other prominent physi- 
 cians and surgeons of that city, he founded the Cleveland 
 Medical College, or the Medical Department of Western 
 Reserve College, and was appointed to the Chair of Surgery. 
 This position he retained until 1858, when he resigned it. 
 During his occupation of the chair he acquired a high repu- 
 tation in the practice of surgery, and his large acquaintance 
 and extended reputation served to attract many students 
 from all parts of Ohio and the neighboring States. He was 
 gifted as a surgeon and anatomist, and had already laid the 
 foundation for an extensive and brilliant reputation. As a 
 lecturer he was very effective and practical. His style was 
 impressive, and he had the magnetic power necessary for 
 attracting and securing the attention of his hearers. By 
 nature he was endowed with the qualities most useful to the 
 surgeon, being bold, dashing and fearless in his operations, 
 and having a strong will that enabled him to master his 
 sympathetic emotions and hold his feelings in check. When 
 he came to northern Ohio the art of surgery was but little 
 known or practised in the West, and he may justly be desig- 
 nated the pioneer of his section of his adopted State. The 
 reputation of his operations spread far and wide, whilst the 
 boldness of many of them and the coolness with which they 
 were carried through, made him famous throughout the 
 whole country. In the treatment of inflammations in their 
 various stages following operations, he probably had no 
 superior in the United .States. He w.as a man of magnifi- 
 
 cent physique, extraordinary powers 01 endurance, and 
 great personal courage, which were severely tested in the 
 times of impassable roads, long distances, and rude accom- 
 modations. In social life, as in professional, he was a man 
 of strong convictions, lasting attachments, and deep-rooted 
 prejudices. In every way he was a positive man, of striking 
 appearance and marked character. His death was sudden. 
 When going to Cleveland from Detroit by steamer on the 
 night of the 21st of April, 1859, he was taken very sick, and 
 on his arrival at home was in an exhausted condition. He 
 lingered in great suffering until the evening of April 24th, 
 when his decision of character again asserted itself, and he 
 insisted on leaving his bed. He was assisted to a chair, 
 when he sank rapidly. A restorative was given to him, but 
 he motioned the glass from his lips, and expired immedi- 
 ately. 
 
 % 
 
 y>%ifcYERS, JAMES, ex-Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio, 
 
 I was born in Dutchess county. New York, in the 
 
 "I il riionth of June, 1795, of German ancestry. While 
 he was still very young, his parents removed with 
 him to Albany, and soon afterwards to Schenec- 
 tady. In the latter city it was that he received 
 his education. When the Erie Canal was completed and 
 opened to the public, he became Canal Collector. The 
 canal was one of the most important links in the chain of 
 communication between distant parts of the country at that 
 time, and the position in which he served was an important 
 and responsible one. He held it until 1836, and by the man- 
 ner in which he performed its duties gave ample evidence 
 of his fitness for the position, and in fact for any position 
 requiring ability, integrity and executive talent. During the 
 interval in which he served as Collector, he became promi- 
 nent as a successful contractor, and assisted in the construc- 
 tion of several roads in the State of New York. After 
 breaking his connection with the Erie Canal, he removed to 
 Toledo, Ohio, and there became a contractor on the Miami 
 & Erie Canal, including the weigh-lock above the city. It 
 was not only by his business abilities, great as these were, 
 that he won regard and rose into prominence. His personal 
 characteristics soon placed him in the front rank of citizens 
 of the State and of the town. His practical talents, his integ- 
 rity, and his interest in every measure of public importance, 
 won practical recognition from his fellow-citizens, who 
 availed themselves of these qualities, first by electing him to 
 the Common Council and the Board of Education of the city. 
 Subsequently he was elected as a member of the House of 
 Representatives of the General Assembly of Ohio. His 
 term of service in this body was followed by an election to 
 the State Senate. As a legislator in both branches of the 
 General Assembly, he ranked among the foremost, laboring 
 and with high and effective ability, not only for the interests 
 of his special constituency, but for the interests of the State 
 at large; and his insight as to what those interests really 
 
376 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 comprised, and his practical knowledge of what measures 
 would best promote them, gave a special value to his ser- 
 vices, which made them highly appreciated. In the year 
 1851 he was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio, and 
 served so acceptably during the term that, on its expiration, 
 he was triumphantly elected for another term in the same 
 position. When this second term expired he retired finally 
 from active public life, and devoted his time and attention 
 w holly to the management of the large estate which his 
 ability, perseverance, industry and judicious man.agement 
 had enabled him to accumulate. The la.st years of his life 
 were marked by great and almost constant suffering, from 
 which death released him on the 19th of June, 1S64, when 
 he had reached the ripe age of sixty-nine years. He died 
 sincerely mourned by a large circle beyond those bound to 
 him by the ties of kindred and personal intimacy, and left 
 behind him a record which those w'ho succeed him may well 
 point to with pride. He married in 1821 Mary Sanford, 
 who died, leaving him two sons, neither of whom now sur- 
 vives. He married, for his second wife, L. Eliza Walker, 
 of Schenectady, New York. This union resulted in two 
 children, a son and a daughter, both of whom are now- 
 living. 
 
 ICHOLS, PERRY J., Lawyer, was born about 
 three miles from New- Richmond, Clermont county, 
 Ohio, March 30th, 1839. He was the second 
 child in a family consisting of six children, whose 
 parents were Thomas L. Nichols and Evaline 
 (Donham) Nichols. His father, a native of Cler- 
 mont county, Ohio, followed through life the vocation of 
 engineer, and is still living at New Richmond. His grand- 
 father, Philip Nichols, was an early pioneer of Clermont 
 county, Ohio. His mother, also a native of the county last 
 mentioned, was a daughter of Colonel J. S. Donham, an 
 early settler of the southern portion of the State. His boy- 
 hood days, until he had counted his thirteenth year, w-ere 
 employed alternately in working on a farm and in attending 
 school during the winter months. In 1852 he engaged in 
 the carrying of the mail between New Richmond, Rlanches- 
 ter, ami Deerfield — this service consuming four days per 
 week — for about four years. During the remaining days of 
 the week he was employed in laboring on the farm. 
 Through those years of incessant toil, his leisure hours w-ere 
 assiduously devoted to the improvement of his mind, and 
 the works then read by him added not a little to his store of 
 knowledge. In 1856 his attention was directed to engineer- 
 ing as a means to acquire the desired end in life, and during 
 the following tw-o years he was engaged at this employment. 
 He then attended various select schools for about three 
 years, and also pursued a select course of higher studies in 
 the Farmer’s College, near Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1859 he 
 assumed the role of educator, and for two years was engaged 
 in teaching school, in the meantime occupying his leisure 
 
 moments by reading law, under the supervision of Perry 
 J. Donham, a prominent attorney of the Cincinnati bar. In 
 August, 1861, he passed the requisite examination, and was 
 admitted to practise law. He then selected New Rich- 
 mond as his field of professional labors, and has since resided 
 there almost uninterruptedly, engaged in the control of an ex- 
 tensive legal practice. He has never sought or accepted office 
 of a partisan or political nature, and is inclined to favor the 
 views and measures of the Democratic party. Religiously, 
 his sympathies are with the Methodist Church. He was 
 married in August, 1862, to Jeannette Gilmore, a native of 
 Clermont county, Ohio. 
 
 V^ITCII, JUDGE JOHN, Lawyer, was born in 
 Schodac, Rensselaer county. New York, Februaiy 
 l6th, 1806. He is the second son of William 
 P'itch and Sarah (Hanford) P'itch, who emigrated 
 from Norwalk, Connecticut, in the opening of the 
 present century, and settled in New York State. 
 He is a lineal descendant in the third generation from Hon. 
 Thomas P'itch, Chief-Justice and Colonial Governor of the 
 Colony of Connecticut, in the reign of George III. His 
 grandfather, Thomas Fitch, was a colonel in the revolu- 
 tionary army, and rendered distinguished services to the 
 American cause in the war with Great Britain. He was 
 educated primarily at the local institutions existing at that 
 period within the county of his birth. ' After relinquishing 
 his school books he entered as a law student the office of 
 Samuel B. Ludlow, at Nassau, Rensselaer county. New 
 York, where he remained about two years. He then en- 
 tered the law office of the late James Lynch, in the city of 
 New York, and upon the completion of his studies was ad- 
 mitted to the bar at the city of Albany, New York, in 1830. 
 He commenced the practice of his profession at Hoosick, 
 Rensselaer county. New Yoi'k, and was occupied in its prose- 
 cution there until the fall of 1836, when he removed to 
 Toledo, Ohio, his present place of residence. Toledo was 
 then in its infancy, and although from its location possessing 
 many commercial advantages, was in fact a frontier town, 
 rude, unimproved and uninviting, save to the adventurous 
 and hardy pioneer, who foresaw in it at that early day the 
 elements of future growth and prosperity. In this western 
 spot he engaged hopefully in professional labors, and in due 
 course of time became a leading member of a bar whose 
 reputation was sustained eventually by no mean array of 
 legal learning and ability. For a number of years he served 
 efficiently as St.ate Prosecutor, and while acting in that ca- 
 pacity elicited merited encomiums from bench and bar, and 
 also the general community, by the fidelity and energy 
 which he uniformlv displayed in the discharge of his respon- 
 sible duties. In 1854 he was elected to the office of Judge 
 for the First Subdivision of the Fourth Judicial District of 
 Ohio, and entered upon the discharge of his duties Febru- 
 ary I2th, 1855. He was subsequently twice re-elected to 
 
lUOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 377 
 
 this honorable position, his full term of service embracing in 
 all fifteen yeai's. Upon his retirement from office, a series 
 of resolutions were adopted by the members of the bar ex- 
 pressing in w'arm terms their high appreciation of his judi- 
 cial services, and of his character as a jurist, and disclosing 
 also the remarkable fact that out of seven thousand eight 
 hundred and thirty-three civil cases decided by him during 
 his term of office, only forty-three had been disturbed by the 
 superior courts. That fact, presenting in itself the most 
 welcome and desirable encomium applicable to a judge, tes- 
 tifies abundantly to his learning, integrity and judicial capa- 
 city : praise would be suirerfluous. He united with the 
 Free-Soil party in 1S4S, and during the exciting and troub- 
 lous days of. dispute and contention over territorial rights 
 and privileges, was ever outspoken and fearless in language 
 and in action. At the present time the general policy and 
 measures of the Republican party run parallel with his 
 views and sentiments, and to it accordingly he gives his 
 influence and support. He was married, January 4th, 1838, 
 to Jane Maria Jenks, of Albion, New York. 
 
 '.\MPI 5 ELL, JOHN, is one of the few' remaining 
 Pioneers of the Hanging Rock iron region. He 
 has done more towards developing its resources, 
 and at present controls more real estate and iron 
 interests, than any other one man of the region. 
 The following is a synopsis of the many branches 
 of iron industry in w'hich he has engaged. In 1833 he was 
 employed in building the old Hanging Rock Iron P'orge, 
 long since demolished. The same year he, together with 
 Andrew’ Ellison, built Lawrence Furnace for J. Riggs & Co. 
 These were the first iron w'orks in which he engaged ; but 
 it w'as a beginning that gave to him the experience so need- 
 ful in the many enterprises he afterward originated and 
 controlled. In connection with Mr. Robert Hamilton he 
 built Mount Vernon Furnace in 1834. The follow'ing year 
 he left Hanging Rock to manage the furnace. It w'as from 
 Mount Vernon that grew up the large iron interests which 
 were for a period of over thirty years known as Campbell, 
 Flllison & Co., of Cincinnati. In 1837, through the guar- 
 antee against any loss by Mr. Campbell and others, Vesuvius 
 Furnace was induced to erect the first hot blast in America. 
 In 1841 he made the change of placing the boilers and hot 
 blast at the top of furnace stack. The iron region w'as des- 
 tined to become one of the most important in the country, 
 and none appreciated this fact more than Mr. Campbell. 
 Mr. Hamilton and he were the heaviest capitalists of the 
 region. While the former built a railroad from Hanging 
 Rock to his coal mines at Newcastle, Mr. Campbell was in- 
 vesting in other furnaces. In 1844, with Mr. John Peters, 
 he built Greenup Furnace, Kentucky, and in 1846 Olive 
 Furnace, Ohio. In 1847 he built the Callio Furnace. He , 
 then proceeded to organize the Ohio Iron & Coal Company, 
 48 
 
 of W'hich he became President, and ow'ned one-third of the 
 stock. This association, composed of twenty-four members, 
 twenty of w’hom were ironmasters, bought up lands aliove 
 Hanging Rock, aild founded the city of Ironton. He gave 
 the new town its name, the first of some five towns after- 
 wards so called in the United States. The propriety of the 
 name becomes more and more apparent as time passes. 
 While the tow'ii was thought to be of much importance, yet 
 it W’as looked upon as but an auxiliary to the Iron Railroad. 
 This latter enterprise, in which Mr. Campbell owned over 
 one-third of the stock, was carried on by nearly the same 
 individuals who founded the tow'n. In 1849, with others, 
 he built Keystone P'urnace, but gave his attention principally 
 to the new' tow'ii and railroad. In 1850 he moved from 
 Hanging Rock to Ironton, and with the Ohio Iron & Coal 
 Company purchased Lagrange P'urnace. The same year he 
 built the stove foundry of Campbell, Ellison & Co., and in 
 1851 W'as one of the founders of the Iron Rank of Ironton, 
 now know’ll as the P'irst National Bank. In 1852, besides 
 taking large stock in the Ironton Rolling Mill, now known 
 as the Iron & Steel Company, he subscribed to one-half the 
 stock for building the Olive P'oundi-y and Machine .Shop. 
 He also purchased the Ilecla Cold Blast P'urnace. In 1853 
 he became one of the largest stockholders in the Kentucky 
 Iron Coal Manufacturing Company, which founded the town 
 of Ashland, Kentucky. With Mr. D. T. Woodrow he 
 built Howard Furnace, to which has since been added the 
 Buckhorn P'urnace, under the fiim-name of Charcoal Iron 
 Company; and with Mr. John Peters he built the Washing- 
 ton P’urnace, upon the Portsmouth Railroad. In 1854, with 
 S. .S. Stone, of Troy, New York, and others of Ironton, he 
 built a large establishment for the manufacture of the iron 
 beam plow'. The same year, with others, he built the Mad- 
 ison P'urnace, and also became one of the heaviest stock- 
 holders in the erection of the Star Nail Mill, one of the 
 largest in the region, and now known as the Bellfont Iron 
 Works. In 1855, through the influence of himself at 
 Ironton, and Hon. V. B. Horton, of Pt.meroy, first tele- 
 graphic communication was established between these towns 
 and Cincinnati. In 1856, with Colonel William M. Bolles 
 and others, he built Monroe Furnace, the largest charcoal 
 furnace in the region. This and the Washington P'urnace 
 are now under the firm-name of Union Iron Company, ( f 
 which Mr. Campbell is President. In 1857 his rolling mill 
 interests extended to Zanesville, Ohio, where he w’as one 
 of the incorporators of the Ohio Iron Company. The Oak 
 Ridge Furnace was operated by him at this date, but for a 
 short time only. The stress upon the iron market which 
 followed was relieved by the high prices obtained during 
 the war. During the war his course w'as marked by intense 
 loyalty to the government. Although constantly devoted to 
 business, he is known as a very public-spirited citizen. Of 
 the fourteen furnaces in which he has been engaged, he 
 retains controlling interests in eight, and has lately been in- 
 terested in the erection of the Ironton P'urnace. This is 
 
37S 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOIAL DI A. 
 
 the eleventh furnace he has assisted to build. He is of large, 
 massive frame, and has inherited a strong constitution which 
 gives to him an energetic, active old age. Although his 
 parents were wealthy at their decease, yet they were of but 
 little assistance, and his life exhibits what can be accom- 
 plished by industry and integrity combined with good judg- 
 ment. His parentage is Scotch-Irish, his ancestors having 
 removed in 1612 from Inverary, Argyleshire, Scotland, into 
 Ulster, near Londonderry, Ireland. "Iheir descendants in 
 1740 moved to Augusta county, Virginia. From these were 
 descended many who attained to civil and military distinc- 
 tion in the States of Virginia, Tennessee, and Ohio. Mr. 
 Campbell’s grandparents came from Virginia to Bourbon 
 county, Kentucky, in 1790, and from thence in 1798 to the 
 part of Adams now called Brown county, Ohio. At the 
 date of his birth, January 14th, tSoS, .Staunton, now known 
 as Rijdey, was not laid out, but in early life he engaged in 
 busine.ss with an uncle at that place ; from thence he came 
 to Hanging Rock. 
 
 ';.OODALE, LINCOLN, M. D., Physician and Mer- 
 chant, was born' in Worcester county, Massachu- 
 setts, on P'ebruary 25th, 1782. In his seventh 
 year, his father. Major Nathan Goodale, an officer 
 in the war of the Revolution, removed to Mari- 
 etta, in the State of Ohio, reaching that place with 
 his family about August of the year 1788. The party which 
 then settled in Marietta was made up almost exclusively of 
 revolutionary officers and their families, and this was the 
 first regular settlement within the limits of what is now the 
 State of Ohio. M.ajor Goodale settled soon after at Belpre, 
 on the Ohio river, sixteen miles below Marietta ; w.as there 
 captured by the Indians in 1794, and died a few months 
 after near Sandusky, on his way to Detroit, to which place 
 the Indians were taking him in the hope of getting a ransom 
 for him. He was a brave man of high character and a 
 member of the Society of the Cincinnati, in which Dr. 
 Goodale by inheritance succeeded him and took a deep in- 
 terest in its proceedings and history. r>r. Goodale studied 
 medicine at Belpre; came to Fiaanklinton, Ohio, in 1805, 
 and commenced the practice of his profession. In 1812 he 
 volunteered and joined the army before war was declared, 
 and was appointed by Governor Meigs, Surgeon’s Mate in 
 Colonel McArthur’s regiment. He was taken prisoner at 
 Hull’s surrender and was sent to Malden, where he re- 
 mained for some time with our wounded men, and brought 
 them, as soon as they were released, to Cleveland, arriving 
 himself at Franklinton, in October, 1812. He soon after 
 engaged in mercantile business, and pursued it successfully 
 for the next twenty-five or thirty years, removing to Colum- 
 bus about the year 1814, where he died April 30th, 1868. 
 He was a resident of Ohio for about eighty years, and prob- 
 ably the oldest citizen of the State at the time of his death. 
 Integrity, energy, industry, and economy gave him large 
 
 wealth ; kindness and charity taught him how to use it. 
 His acts of public and private beneficence are his best and 
 most enduring monument. 
 
 ILLEY, GEORGE, Lawyer, born in Boston, Mas- 
 sachusetts, January 2d, 1821, was a son of Newton 
 Willey, a merchant largely connected with iron 
 and ship interests in that city. Until the age of 
 fourteen he received instruction in the Boston 
 schools. His father died when he was quite 
 young, and after that time his uncle. Judge John W. W’illey, 
 superintended his education. He spent four years in Jeffer- 
 son College, W’ashington, Pennsylvania, where he graduated. 
 After leaving college he went to Cleveland and read law, 
 the first year in the office of Judge Willey, and the second 
 with Bolton & Kelly, when he was admitted to the bar in 
 1842. In 1843 he formed a copartnership with John E. 
 Caiy for the practice of law, which continued many years. 
 During the time it required for his practice to grow, he de- 
 voted a portion of his time to the cultivation of literary 
 tastes, and also to the subjects connected with the educa- 
 tional institutions of the city. His abilities as a public 
 speaker and writer upon the fine arts and subjects of popular 
 science made him a favorite lecturer upon these and kindred 
 topics. His addresses before popular assemblies were models 
 of elegant diction, and full of useful and interesting points. 
 His strong interest in tbe cause of education soon brought 
 him into sympathy and co-operation with a large number of 
 energetic and public-spirited men. In Cleveland the public 
 schools were in their infancy. He was anxious to have 
 them organized so that children could be educated as thor- 
 oughly in the high schools as in the primary. He had 
 much prejudice with which to contend in demanding thor- 
 oughly graded schools, which are now the pride of that 
 city. Several years after 1845 he filled the office of Man- 
 ager and Superintendent of the public schools. His efforts 
 towards perfection of organization were very effective and 
 important. His printed reports are full and exhaustive on 
 all the topics connected with .systems of teaching and the 
 policy to be pursued by the authorities in fostering the edu- 
 cation of the city’s youth. Such reports had a wide influ- 
 ence anti circulation. The perfection of the school system 
 which he established was so great that no private schools 
 could be maintained in Cleveland. One of the most effi- 
 cient teachers of the high schools, since an author of valu- 
 able text books, writes of Mr. Willey as follows: “His 
 mind is remarkably well balanced, and he sees the relative 
 values of knowledge better than any man I ever knew. It 
 was just here that he made himself so valuable in the early 
 organization of our schools and in forming plans of instruc- 
 tion. Enthusiastic teachers are exceedingly apt to get into 
 narrow channels and see but a few things at a time. Willey, 
 with his broad and splendid views, in half an hour’s talk 
 
BIOGRAPIIICAL ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 379 
 
 would fetch them into clearer seas and show them the big 
 earth.” These broader and more philosophical notion,s of 
 education for the millions especially characterized the 
 schools during the eight or ten years that Mr. Willey was 
 Secretary of the Board of Education. His gifts, natural, 
 physical and mental, were thoroughly disciplined and cul- 
 tivated. His practice has been largely devoted to those 
 special departments of the law which embrace the trans- 
 actions of a large commercial and manufacturing seaport. 
 He has been largely engaged in cases in the admiralty 
 courts and in those arising under the patent laws. By his 
 thorough research and originality of views he has made 
 valuable contributions to the science of maritime law, and 
 is conceded to have no superior in the qualities necessary 
 to a mastery of the scientific principles and technical diffi- 
 culties of the patent law. When General Grant was elected 
 to the Presidency he appointed Mr. Willey United States 
 Attorney for the Northern District of Ohio ; and when he 
 was elected the second time he renewed his commission. 
 He has at times filled the chair of President of the Library 
 Association, and also of the Cleveland Homoeopathic Col- 
 lege, and has been often connected officially with other 
 public institutions. His official duties as United States At- 
 torney, in connection with his varied and general legal 
 practice, have been discharged with fidelity and ability. 
 
 jRIFFIN, GENERAL CHARLES, was born in 
 Licking county, Ohio, in 1827. A part of his 
 education was received at Bardstown, Kentucky. 
 He was sent to West Point, July 1st, 1843, and 
 after his graduation was assigned to the artillery 
 as a Brevet Second Lieutenant. The war with 
 Mexico being then in progress, he was at once ordered to 
 active duty. He had command of a company in the army 
 commanded by General Patterson. From Mexico he was 
 ordered to Florida, in January, 1848, and to Old Point 
 Comfort in December. In the summer of 1849 
 made a First Lieutenant in the 2d Artillery, and sent to 
 New Mexico in command of a cavalry company. For the 
 next five years he was on the frontier; the next three on 
 garrison duty at Fort McHenry, near Baltimore, and from 
 1857 to i860 engaged in various military duties. At the 
 outbreak of the war he had been for a few months As- 
 sistant Instructor of Artillery at West Point, when he was 
 ordered to Washington with the West Point Battery, after- 
 wards known as Griffin’s Battery. He commanded thi 
 battery until June, 1862, when he was made a Brigadier- 
 General of volunteers. With his brigade he took part it 
 the battle of Mechanicsville, and was conspicuous for his 
 gallantry. At Malvern Hill he had command of the 
 artillery, supported by his own brigade, and was opposed 
 by the rebel Magruder. The command of the latter was 
 badly cut up in the engagement and thrown into confusion. 
 
 He participated in all the battles of the Army of the Poto- 
 mac, beginning with the first Bull Run and ending with 
 Five Forks. When the surrender of Lee was agreed upon, 
 he was appointed one of the commissioners to arrange the 
 details. His command in the war was at first a battery, 
 then a brigade, afterward a division; and on the battle-field 
 of the P'ive Forks, when Sheridan was placed in command 
 of the entire force, he was assigned to tho command of the 
 5th Corps, which he retained until the disbandment of the 
 army. After this he was appointed to the command of the 
 Military Division of the State of Maine. When mustered 
 out of the volunteer service he was made Colonel of the 
 35th Infantry and Brevet Major-General. He was after- 
 ward ordered to Texas, and some time after succeeded 
 Sheridan in the command of the Fifth Military District. 
 \Vhile holding this important military command he was at- 
 tacked by yellow fever, which terminated fatally, September 
 15th, 1867. The record of this lamented officer is without 
 blemish. From the time he entered the service in Mexico 
 until death claimed him he was absent on leave but once — 
 in 1859. He escaped unhurt in every engagement, al- 
 though he had several horses shot under him at different 
 times, and once had the visor of his cap torn away liy a 
 bullet. He also had two other narrow escapes, in one of 
 which his sword was broken by a musket-ball. He was 
 married, December loth, 1861, to Sallie Carroll, daughter 
 of Hon. William T. Carroll, of the honored Maryland 
 family of that name. 
 
 ATES, NAHUM BALL, ex-Mayor of Elyria, 
 Lorain county, Ohio, was born in St. Albans, 
 Franklin county, Vermont, September 28th, 1812. 
 He is the son of John Gates and Abigail Gates, 
 who were descendants of an English family, of 
 Marlborough, Massachusetts. He was educated 
 at the St. Albans Academy, in his native place, and also in 
 the common schools of Vermont. While in his eighteenth 
 year he assumed the role of educator, and was engaged in 
 teaching a district school, during the winter months, until 
 his removal to Ohio. April the 29th, 1834, he emigrated 
 to Elyria, I.orain county, Ohio, settling there finally on 
 the following May nth. He then engaged in mercantile 
 business, ]>rimarily as clerk, eventually as proprietor, meet- 
 ing with varied successes in his several ventures. For a 
 
 period of six years he was engaged in the forwarding and 
 commission business, at Black River, Lorain county, Ohio, 
 and while thus occupied secured a foremost position among 
 his local co-workers in the commercial circle. He was 
 also one of the first Directors in the Cleveland & Toledo 
 
 Railroad. Until the dissolution of the Whig party he was 
 one of its warmest supporters, and subsequently became a 
 “ Free-Soiler,” or Republican. From 1838 to 1842 he 
 served as Sheriff of Lorain County ; and by a]ipointmcnt, in 
 1857, became Treasurer of the same county. He was also 
 
BIOGRAFIIICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 3S0 
 
 for four years, from 1862 to 1866, Collector of Internal 
 Revenue, and ultimately was deprived of that office by 
 Andrew Johnson for alleged political opposition. P'or 
 eight years he has officiated as Mayor of Elyria, and during 
 this time performed the duties of his office with credit to 
 himself and entire satisfaction to his constituents. He was 
 married. May 12th, 1841, to Sarah S. Monteith, eldest 
 daughter of Rev. John Monteith. He was President of the 
 Lorain County Agricultural Society for ten years. 
 
 OVT, JAMES M., LL. D., Lawyer and Capitalist, 
 was born in Utica, New York, January i6th, 1815. 
 He received a good education, and in 1834 gradu- 
 ated at Hamilton College, New York. On leav- 
 ^ (j college he began the study of law in Utica, 
 
 but soon removed to Cleveland, Ohio, and in 
 1836 read law in the office of Andrews & Foot. In the 
 following year the law partnership of Andrews, P’oot & 
 Hoyt was formed and continued for twelve years, when the 
 appointment of Andrews to the bench of the Superior Court 
 of Cuyahoga necessitated his withdrawal. The firm of 
 P’oot & Hoyt continued until 1853, when Mr. Hoyt with- 
 drew from the practice of law' and gave his whole time to 
 the purchase and sale of real estate in Cleveland and vicin- 
 ity. His operations were heavy, large tracts in and around 
 the city were purchased, divided into lots and sold for 
 homesteads. About one thousand acres of city and sub- 
 urban property were ow'iied wholly, or jointly with others, 
 and by him subdivided into lots and sold for settlement, 
 and more than a hundred streets w’ere opened and named 
 by him. In all these transactions he was universally 
 credited with the extreme of liberality and generosity to- 
 wards those with whom he had transactions, and especially 
 towards the poor and those whom misfortune or sickness 
 had unexpectedly placed in straitened circumstances. His 
 uniform uprightness, scrupulous regard for truth and justice 
 and honorable dealing with his clients, secured for him, 
 when practising law, the title of “ the honest lawyer,” and 
 the same characteristics in his real estate dealings main- 
 tained the reputation won at the bar. He united with the 
 Baptist Church in Utica in 1835, and has since been a 
 member of that denomination, and active in religious and 
 moral causes. For twenty-six years he w'as the Superin- 
 tendent of the Sablrath-school of the First Baptist Church 
 of Cleveland, of w'hich he is a member. He then resigned 
 the superintendency of the school and became a teacher of 
 a congregational Bible class. Although never ordained a 
 minister, for twenty years he preached at intervals, having 
 been licensed for ih.at purpose by the church w'ith which he 
 was connected. In 1854 he was chosen President of the 
 Ohio Baptist State Convention, and w'as annually for tw'enty 
 years elected to that position, presiding over anniversary 
 meetings in nearly every city in the Stale of Ohio. He w'.as 
 
 chosen President of the American Baptist Home Mission 
 Society, the national organization for missions in North 
 Anrerica, and was re-elected annually until 1870, when he 
 retired. P'or about eight years he was President of the 
 Cleveland Bible Society, an auxiliary to the American Bible 
 Society. In 1870 he was elected a member of the Stale 
 Board of Equalization, a body which, for high character, 
 talent and practical business sense, has never been sur- 
 passed in the history of the State. As the appraisement of 
 all the property of the State went through the hands of the 
 Board, the responsibility and labor were very great. But 
 the Board gave general satisfaction. In 1873 “P" 
 
 pointed a member of the Cleveland Board of Public Im- 
 provements. In 1870 the degree of LL. D. was conferred 
 on him by Dennison University, of Granville, Ohio. In 
 physical science, history and belles-lettres he w'as well read. 
 His contributions to periodical literature and his addresses 
 attracted marked attention. The Christiati Review for 
 October, 1863, contained a finished, analytical and ex- 
 haustive article on the subject of “ Miracles” from his pen. 
 He has ever been noted for his good w'orks, whether re- 
 ligious or patriotic. In 1836 he w'as married in New' York 
 to Mary Ella Beebee. Of the six children born of this 
 union five are now living. The eldest. Rev. Waylan Hoyt, 
 is pastor of Shawmut Avenue Baptist Church, of Boston, 
 Massachusetts; the second son, Colgate Hoyt, is in business 
 with his father. 
 
 ROSSE, ASAIIAEL ALLEN, Physician and .Sur- 
 geon, was born at Cincinnalus, Cortland county, 
 TVew York, on the 22d of August, 1824. His 
 parents were in moderate circumstances, and he 
 early learned the lesson of self dependence and 
 self-help. At the age of thirteen years he left 
 home to make his own W'ay in the W'orld, and henceforth 
 relied entirely upon his own resources. He W'ent to w'ork 
 on a farm, and such school education as he obtained w'as 
 by going to a district school during the winter months, his 
 summers being too much occupied in farm labor to give 
 him any opportunity for summer study. Not long after- 
 leaving home he went to Ashtabula, Ohio, and there, in 
 addition to the opportunities afforded by the district schools, 
 he for a time enjoyed the advantage of attending the Ash- 
 tabula Academy. From thence he removed to Mentor, 
 Lake county, Ohio, where, at the age of sixteen, he com- 
 menced the study of medicine. After having attended 
 three full coui'ses of medical lectures he graduated at the 
 Willoughby University, in Lake county, Ohio, in the year 
 1842, and went at once to Amherst, Lorain county. Ohio. 
 He had, when he arrived in Amherst, fifty dollars, and on 
 the day after his arrival he made the uncomfortable dis- 
 covery that forty-six dollars of his little fortune consisted 
 of bills of a bank known as the Ohio Railroad Bank, lo- 
 cated at Cleveland, Ohio, which had failed the day before. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 381 
 
 and were perfectly worthless, so that his available assets 
 amounted to just four dollars. Fortune was not stubborn 
 against him, however, for almost immediately he formed a 
 partnership with Dr. Luman Tenny, an old physician of the 
 place, and so was introduced to a practice that speedily be- 
 came large and lucrative. His partner died at the end of 
 three years, and then he took the entire charge of the prac- 
 tice. His diligence, ability and skill, added to the high 
 reputation he had already earned, made him well known as 
 one of the most successful physicians in the county. As a 
 citizen, no less than as a physician, is he appreciated in the 
 community, and from time to time that appreciation has 
 been shown by placing him in several of the elective offices 
 of the township of Amherst. He has successively held the 
 offices of Township Assessor, Township Clerk, Justice of 
 the Peace, and was the first Mayor of the incorporated vil- 
 lage of North Amherst. He was Postmaster of Amherst 
 during President Johnson’s administration. Politically he 
 is a Democrat, and, although the requirements of his pro- 
 fession do not leave him much leisure to devote to politics, 
 he is nevertheless one of the leading spirits of his party in 
 the community where he lives. Although he has acquired 
 a fair competence, his experience has not been one of un- 
 mingled prosperity. On the ist of March, 1858, he was 
 thrown from his carriage, and his right leg was broken at 
 the ankle. Being a heavy man, the ends of the broken 
 bones were forced through the skin and boot-leg, and were 
 driven three or four inches into the ground by the violence 
 of his fall. It was found impossible to save the limb, and 
 it was amputated below the knee by Professor Horace A. 
 Ackley, his former preceptor. He has been three times 
 married. His first wife, Diantha Walker, he married in 
 1844, by whom he had four children, three daughters ana 
 one son, one of whom, Mrs. H. W. Barnard, is now living. 
 His wife, Diantha, died in 1855. On the i6th of Septem- 
 ber, 1859, he married Sarah E. Post, by whom he had one 
 sou, now living. His second wife died in 1866, and on 
 the l8th of November, 1875, married Ella G. Pelton, 
 of V'ermillion, Ohio. The doctor has a vigorous constitu- 
 tion, and from present appearances he has from twenty to 
 twenty-five years of good practice left in him yet; that is, 
 he is hale and hearty, and the youngest in the community 
 always find him a pleasant social companion. 
 
 ELSH, HON. IS.\AC, was born in Belmont 
 I 11 county, Ohio, July 20th, 1811. His parents 
 J. Ill were Pennsylvanians, and his father, Crawford 
 t- Welsh, was one of the pioneer settlers of the 
 
 <. ^ county. His father being a farmer, he pursued 
 that calling until shortly after he became of age. 
 He then married Mary A. Armstrong, daughter of Thomas 
 Armstrong, and removed to Beallsville, Monroe county, 
 Ohio. Here he engaged in mercantile pursuits, and, as was 
 
 the custom with many merchants at that time, in the pur- 
 chase, preparation and shipping of tobacco. In this business 
 he was very successful, but he preferred the life of his 
 earlier years, and in 1854 he retired from merchandising 
 and purchased and removed to a farm on Captina creek, 
 where he subsequently resided and where he died. In early 
 life Mr. Welsh w'as a Whig, but on the dissolution of that 
 party, in 1854, he united with the Fillmore party, and sup- 
 ported that gentleman for the Presidency. He was elected 
 to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1857 by the united 
 vote of Americans and Republicans, and re-elected in the 
 same manner in 1859. At the expiration of this term of 
 office he was chosen State Senator from the Belmont and 
 Harrison district, and served in that body tw'o years. In 
 1868 he was Presidential Elector for the Sixteenth District, 
 and W'as chosen to carry the vote of Ohio to Washington. 
 He was elected Treasurer of State in 1S71, and held the 
 office for tw'o terms. His death occurring just six weeks 
 before the expiration of his second term, his son, Le Roy 
 Welsh, discharged the duties of the office until the incoming 
 of the new Treasurer. Mr. Welsh was strongly opposed to 
 the extension of slavery, and during- the war his entire sym- 
 pathy and support were given to the Republican party. 
 While residing at Beallsville he wrote a series of articles in 
 defence of the State Bank of Ohio, which attracted a great 
 deal of attention and were extensively published and no- 
 ticed. He also wrote an essay on the “Agricultural and 
 Mineral Resources of Belmont County,” for which a prize 
 was aw'arded him by the State Agricultural Society. He 
 kept fully up with the times in which he lived; was a ready, 
 careful writer, and frequently employed his pen in the dis- 
 cussion of current topics. Although never in any sense an 
 office-seeker, he became closely identified with the politics 
 of his time, at the bid of the people who knew' him to be a 
 man of strictest integrity and unblemished character. In 
 legislation he was practical and common sense in his views 
 on all subjects. As a speaker he made no pretensions to 
 oratory, yet his presentation of a subject under discussion 
 commanded universal attention for its fairness and practi- 
 cability. He W'as a Cumberland Presbyterian, and by his 
 death the church lost one of its strongest supporters. He 
 died at his home in Belmont county, November 29th, 1875. 
 
 ^I^’OLLINS, JAME.S IL, Lawyer, was born, June 
 iSth, 1836, in Allegheny county, Maryland, and 
 is a son of Johnson and Esther Collins. His 
 father’s family emigrated from England to Amer- 
 ica in the seventeenth century and settled in Dela- 
 ware ; and the family have been members of the 
 Methodist denomination ever since its organization in 
 America, several of them having acquired eminence as 
 ministers of that church. He removed with his parents to 
 Belmont county, (Jhio, in 1844, and he was occupied with 
 
 C'.g,’ ,'j 
 
 & (3^ 
 
382 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 farm duties for nine years thereafter, attending the district ' 
 school in winter. In 1853 he engaged as a teacher in the ^ 
 schools of the neighborhood, in order to obtain means suffi- 
 cient to complete his education at the Barnesville Classical 
 Institute, then under the control of John J. Thompson and 
 Samuel Davenport. Having acquired the requisite instruc- 
 tion, he commenced the study of law with Hon. John Daven- 
 port in 1855, and was admitted to the bar by the Supreme 
 Court in 1857. He commenced the practice of his profes- 
 sion in Barnesville in 1859, in which he has continued ever 
 since, and controls a large and lucrative practice in the 
 courts of the State and United States, having been retained j 
 as their regular counsel by several corporations, among which 
 are the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company and the First 
 National Bank of Barnesville. In political faith he is a 
 Democrat. He was a member of the National Convention 
 which assembled at Chicago in 1864 and nominated General 
 McClellan for the Presidency. In 1873 he was the candidate 
 of the Democratic party in Belmont county for member of 
 the Ohio Constitutional Convention, but was defeated by 
 Judge Cowen. He was married in 1857 to Rachel Jud- 
 kins, who died September 14th, 1S72. He was married a 
 second time, October 2d, 1873, Harriet F., daughter of 
 Benjamin and Ann M. Davenport. 
 
 -OWARD, DRESDEN WINFIELD HOU.STON, 
 ex-Senator, Capitalist and Farmer, was born in 
 Dresden, Yates county. New York, on the 3d of 
 November, 1818, of American parents and of 
 English ancestry. In 1821 his parents removed 
 with him to Fort Meigs, Ohio, on the south bank 
 of the Maumee river, where they landed on the 17th of June 
 in that year. In 1823 his father, Edward H-oward, removed 
 to Grand Rapids, eighteen miles above Fort Meigs, where | 
 he died in 1841. Such education as he received was ob- 
 tained during a rather brief attendance at the school of the 
 Indian mission, ten miles above Fort Meigs. He worked 
 with his father upon the farm during his youth, but as he 
 grew up he became an Indian trader, and continued in that 
 line of business until he was about thirty years of age. He 
 assisted in the removal of the Pottawatomie and Ottawa 
 Indians from the Maumee to the west of the Mississippi 
 river, and continued to trade there until 1842, when, on the 
 death of his father and brother, he returned to Ohio. After 
 a few return-trips up the Missouri river, he settled down to 
 farming, stock-raising and wool -growing. In 1852 he re- 
 moved to Alamakee county, Iowa, where he bought of the 
 government a tract of land, upon which he laid out the town 
 of Winfield, now Harper’s Ferry, on the west bank of the 
 Mississippi. He returned to Ohio in 1853, where he has 
 been engaged in agricultural pursuits ever since, adding to 
 his business as farmer the work involved in various official 
 positions and numerous enterprises as an energetic and ju- 
 
 dicious capitalist. During the war he was prominently and 
 effectively active. He was appointed by Governor Dennison 
 a member of the State Military Committee, in which posi- 
 tion he was continued by Governors Tod and Brough, and 
 throughout the struggle he was busy assisting in organizing 
 regiments and forwarding general military preparations. 
 Politically, he has been a steadfast and consistent Repub- 
 lican. He was the elector from the Tenth Congressional 
 District of Ohio at President Lincoln’s first election, and 
 was a delegate at the Baltimore Convention, which nomi- 
 nated Mr. Lincoln for his second term in 1864. In 1870 
 he was elected a member of the Stale Board of Equalization. 
 In the fall of 1871 he was elected to the Ohio Stale Senate, 
 where he served with honor for two years. He is President 
 of the Toledo & Grand Rapids Railroad Company, which 
 road is to be built from Toledo to Council Bluffs. He is 
 also Treasurer of the Toledo & Southwestern Railroad 
 Company. He is Director of the Commercial National 
 Bank of Toledo, of which institution he is a charter mem- 
 ber. He was married, in October, 1843, to Mary Black- 
 wood Copeland, of Delaware county. New York. He has 
 two children, a son and daughter; the son he named after 
 the noted chief and warrior, Osceola, of the Seminoles of 
 Florida, for whose ability he had great respect. He has al- 
 ways been the true friend of the Indian, at whose hands he 
 received many favors and kindnesses during his early life, 
 and in later years had much influeHce among the ab iriginal 
 tribes. President Lincoln, being informed of his disposition 
 and influence with the Indians, and recognizing these quali- 
 fications, offered him the Superintendency of the tribes on 
 the Upper Missouri river, but the appointment was declined, 
 as he had never sought or held public position of any kind. 
 
 TROUD, CLARENCE EUGENE, M. D., Physi- 
 cian, Surgeon and Dentist, was born at Bloom- 
 field, Ontario county. New York, Januaiy 14th, , 
 1847, is 'ii® SO” C- T. Stroud, a distin- 
 
 guished dentist of Sandusky, Ohio. His mother 
 was Lucy F. Allen, of Ontario county. New York; 
 her ancestors were among the earliest settlers of western 
 New York State, and related to Ethan Allen. He was edu- 
 cated in the High School at Palmyra, New York. Leaving 
 there in 1865, he entered his father’s dental office at San- 
 dusky, Ohio, in order to secure a thorough knowledge of 
 the dental profession. Subsequently, in connection with his 
 father, he practised dentistry in Sandusky for five years, dur- 
 ing which time he was preparing himself for the medical 
 profession, devoting his time more specially to anatomy, 
 comparative and surgical. He matriculated at the University 
 of Michigan, medical department, Ann Arbor, in the autumn 
 of 1871 ; attended the lectures in and followed the course 
 of studies prescribed by said college. In the spring of 1872 
 he entered the Detroit Homoeopathic College, from which 
 
BIOGR API I ICAL EXCVCLOP.EDI A. 
 
 3S3 
 
 institution he graduated in the summer of 1872 ; during this | 
 session he was appointed Demonstrator of Anatomy, and 
 was elected Professor of Anatomy in the Hahnemann Insti- 
 tute, Detroit, which positions he filled during the coming i 
 session. Thereafter he commenced the practice of his pro- 
 fession at Wyandotte, Michigan, remaining there about one 
 year, and succeeded in securing an extensive practice, de- 
 voting himself chiefly to the surgical branch of the science. 
 While there he wrote a series of letters, which were pub- 
 lished in the Wyandotte Enterprise, entitled, “ Guide for 
 Emergencies, or Surgeiy for the People.” In the spring of 
 1S73 he returned to Sandusky, Ohio, where he is at present 
 in the active practice of his profession. lie is an able physi- 
 cian and useful citizen. He was married in 1870 to Belle 
 I^eiter, daughter of A. Leiter, of Bellevue, Ohio ; she died 
 September 17 th, 1871. 
 
 .\NDV, TRUM.\N P., Financier and Banker, was 
 born in Paris, Oneida county. New York, January 
 17th, 1807. He received a good academical 
 education, and made preparations for' entering 
 college, but at the age of eighteen, after having 
 been employed in stores in Utica and New Hart- 
 ford, he accepted the clerkship in the Bank of Geneva, On- j 
 tario county, in that State. Five years later he resigned and 
 removed to Buffalo, to assist in the organization of the Bank 
 of Buffalo, in which he held the position of teller for one 
 year. In 1832 he removed to Cleveland, having been in- 
 vited there for the purpose of resuscitating the Commercial 
 Bank of Lake Erie, established in 1816, but which had 
 failed and its charter been purchased by Hon. George Ban- 
 croft of Massachusetts, the historian. He accepted the post 
 of cashier, organized the hank, and it prospered until 1842, 
 when its charter expired and a renewal was refused by the 
 Legislature. In the financial crisis of 1837 it had been com- 
 pelled to accept real estate in settlement of the estate of its 
 involved customers, and thus became one of the largest land- 
 owners in the city. At the close of the bank Mr. Handy 
 was appointed trustee to divide this properly among the 
 stockholders, which he accomplished in 1845. ^^43 he 
 
 had a well-established private banking house under the firm- 
 name of T. P. Handy & Co. In 1845 organized the 
 Commercial Branch Bank, under the act of Legislature of 
 that year, authorizing the establishment of the State Bank of 
 Ohio. He was Ca.shier and acting manager. The success 
 was so great that the stockholders realized an average of 
 twenty per cent, on their investments for a period of twenty 
 years, when its charter terminated in 1865. In 1861 he ac- 
 cepted the Presidency of the Merchants’ Branch of the Stale 
 Bank of Ohio, which had been crippled by the failure of the 
 Ohio Life and Trust Company. Under his skilful manage- 
 ment it rapidly recovered lost ground. In 1865 the bank 
 reorganized as a national bank, under the provisions of the 
 United States national banking laws, with a capital of one 
 
 million dollars, six hundred thousand of which were paid 
 in. He was elected President and conducted its affairs with 
 great success. From 1850 to i860 he served as Treasurer 
 of the Cleveland, Columbus &; Cincinnati Railroad Com- 
 pany, and managed its finances with great sagacity. He is 
 still a Director. of the company, although he resigned the 
 treasurership in i860. He first demonstrated the practicabil- 
 ity of establishing a profitable commerce direct with Europe 
 from the lake ports. In 185S he despatched three of a fleet 
 of ten merchant vessels, laden with lumber and staves, from 
 Cleveland to English ports, and from that time the foreign 
 trade with the lakes has been kept up. 'Very few took a 
 deeper interest in educational and philanthroiuc causes, or 
 labored more earnestly for their advancement and success, 
 than Mr. Handy'; but he never held or sought positions of 
 political prominence. He served as a member of the Board 
 of Education with Charles Bradburn, and was one of that 
 gentleman’s ablest coadjutors in reorganizing and improving 
 the school system of Cleveland. They succeeded in placing 
 it on a basis of lasting prosperity. In the Sunday-school for 
 more than forty years he was a constant, active worker. For 
 seventeen years he was President of the Industrial Home 
 and Children’s Aid Society, of which he had ever been one 
 of the most liberal supporters. He is a member of the Pres- 
 byterian Church ; has always been sincere and earnest in 
 his life-long connection with it, yet free from the cant of 
 many religious societies. He has ever been broad and lib- 
 eral in his views. He is dearly beloved by children, with 
 whom he is very generous, and is now as young in heart as 
 the little ones he loves so much. He is justly entitled to 
 the name of philanthropist, on account of his substantial, 
 effective labors for the relief of the poor and helpless and in 
 rescuing the vicious and ignorant. He has made three ex- 
 tended visits in Europe for the purpose of investigating the 
 financial, religious and educational systems of the Old 
 World, and Cleveland has been largely benefited by the 
 valuable knowledge he gained on those occasions. In 
 March, 1832, he was married to Harriet N. Hale, of Gen- 
 eva, New York, by whom he had one daughter, who was 
 married to John S. Newberry, of Detroit. 
 
 I cVEY, ALFRED HENRY, Lawyer and Author, 
 was born, April 28th, 1843, in Fayette county, 
 Ohio. He is descended from an old and well-to- 
 do family ; is of .Scotch descent on his father’s 
 side, and of English on the maternal ; his grand- 
 father, James McVey, removed to Ohio alrout the 
 beginning of the present century. He received his elemen- 
 taiy education in the common schools of the State, where 
 he remained until he had attained his seventeenth year, 
 when he entered the Southwestern Normal School, at 
 Lebanon, f)hio, where he was prepared for college. While 
 but a youth he was noted for his studious habits, and before 
 
3^4 
 
 BIOGRAI’IIICAL ENCYCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 leaving the common school he was familiar with a wide 
 range of English literature. lie entered the volunteer ser- 
 vice in 1S62, and served in the ygth Ohio Volunteer In- 
 fantry. Early in 1864 he entered the Ohio Wesleyan 
 University, at Delaware, from which institution he gradu- 
 ated in the classical course of 1868. While in college, al- 
 though in all things a good student, he was especially 
 marked for his literary attainments, and was considered as 
 the best debater in the university. After graduation he was 
 elected a tutor In the Institution, which position he resigned 
 to enter upon the practice of the law. Mr. McVey is also a 
 graduate from the law school of the Cincinnati College. He 
 opened his law office in 1869, at Wilmington, Ohio, and 
 immediately took rank among those who had been long in 
 practice, and evinced unusual ability both in presenting his 
 cause to the jury or in arguments addressed to the bench. 
 In February, 1872, he opened an office in Toledo, where he 
 soon after removed and has since continued to reside, and 
 where, in addition to having a good practice in the local 
 courts, he has more particularly devoted himself to profes- 
 sional duties in the courts of the United States. In addition 
 to his forensic efforts, he has for some years devoted the 
 time usually termed leisure to authorship. He has given to 
 the profession “ McVey’s Ohio Digest,” published in 1875, 
 consisting of two large octavo volumes. This work has 
 been highly commended by the press, and Is considered by 
 the legal profession a standard work. As a proof of Its 
 superior excellence, it may be stated that within seven 
 months after its first appearance it had reached a third 
 edition. He has also prepared a digest of the cases decided 
 by the New York Court of Appeals, which is now in press. 
 He is now engaged in the preparation of a work, requiring 
 great research and learning, entitled “ Christianity before 
 the Law,” in which he traces the relation of Christianity to 
 the law under the governments of continental Europe, and 
 also Christianity as a part of the common law of England, 
 preliminary to the discussion of the relations which Chris- 
 tianity sustains to the common and statute law of the United 
 States. Personally, he Is tall and well proportioned ; while 
 his countenance betrays the man of thought and great 
 capacity for mental work. He was married, January, 1869, 
 to Anna, daughter of the Rev. William Holmes 
 
 LEYIN, P.\TRICK S., Lawyer, was born on April 
 I5lh, 1815, in county Donegal, Ireland, his pa- 
 rents belonging to the upper middle class and 
 being comfortably circumstanced in life. While 
 he was quite young he was brought by them to 
 America. They settled in Adams county, Penn- 
 sylvania, and there he received his education. Later he 
 removed with his parents to Perry county, Ohio, and there 
 he read law with Hon. John B. Orton. In November, 
 1840, he was admitted to the bar, and very soon afterwards 
 
 he began to practise law in the city of Dayton. In Novem- 
 ber, 1852, he removed to Defiance, Defiance county, Ohio, 
 where he again entered upon the practice of his profession, 
 and where he continued in successful practice for several 
 years. In the fall of i860 he removed from Defiance to 
 Perrysville, Wood county, Ohio, and there entered into a 
 partnership with Hon. James Murray, Attorney-General of 
 the State, which continued until August 8th, 1862. At that 
 time he entered the army as Lieutenant-Colonel of the looth 
 Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. For about a year there- 
 after he was engaged with his regiment in campaigning 
 throughout the State of Kentucky. Then, attached to the 
 23d Army Corps, he went into Tenne.ssee, and eventually 
 joined General Sherman in his march upon Atlanta, 
 Georgia. Long before this he had been promoted to the 
 rank of Colonel, through the resignation of the original 
 colonel of the regiment. He remained actively engaged in 
 the Atlanta campaign until the 6th of August, 1864, when, 
 in a charge on the enemy’s works near Atlanta, he was 
 very dangerously wounded, and disabled for life. In this 
 same charge he lost over one-third of his command in killed 
 and wounded ; and for his own meritorious conduct in the 
 affair he was brevetted a Brigadier-General. This engage- 
 ment, however, terminated his military service, for, in con- 
 sequence of his wound, he was obliged to resign and leave 
 the army. While with his regiment he was engaged in the 
 following battles: Lenoir Station, Knoxville, Rocky Face 
 Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Etowah Creek, Atlanta and many 
 others xif less importance. Returning to Ohio after leaving 
 the army, he resumed the practice of his profession. In 
 April, 1867, he was appointed Collector of Customs for the 
 District of Miami, port of Toledo. lu 1871 he was re- 
 appointed to the same position, which he held until No- 
 vember, 1874. In December of that year he was appointed 
 General Secretary of the Young Men’s Christian Associa- 
 tion of Toledo, the duties of which position he continued to 
 fulfil for a year, at the end of which time he became a city 
 missionary in Toledo, and the work of that calling he still 
 continues to perform. For twenty-three years past he has 
 been a local preacher in the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 1 ITTSTEIN, GUSTAV C. F., was born in the city 
 of Hanover, February 291!!, 1829; studied at 
 preparatoi^ schools until nine years of age, when 
 he entered the I.yceum of Hanover, which he 
 attended to his sixteenth year as a pupil, at which 
 lime his parents removed to Nieuburg, on the 
 river Weser, which place was, by the then king of Han- 
 over, Ernest Augustus, made the place of residence for his 
 father, an engineer in the service of the government. For 
 the two years during which he stayed there he received 
 private lessons in languages, history, drawing, etc., from 
 good teachers. When seventeen years old he entered a 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 385 
 
 mercantile establishment in the old city of Bremen as an 
 apprentice, his term of apprenticeship being four years. 
 After his term expired he entered the large glass factory of 
 Hermann Heye, near Minden, Prussia, as bookkeeper and 
 correspondent. Having remained there four years, and 
 having for several years contemplated emigration to the 
 United States, he left Bremen in September, 1854, and 
 arrived in New York, from whence he went, after a few 
 days’ stay, to Baltimore, where, through the recommenda- 
 tion of a friend, who left Europe a few years before him, 
 he received an appointment as bookkeeper in a large 
 American wholesale dry-goods house. However, not feel- 
 ing. quite at home yet in the English language, he left his 
 position, and with a friend started for the far West, then 
 so called, making Burlington, Iowa, his destination. Travel- 
 ling mostly by rail, and the balance from Galesburg, Illi- 
 nois, by stage-coach, the trip was made. He first entered 
 a drug store, and commenced his career by mixing up a lot 
 of putty. After a year in this position he accepted a posi- 
 tion in a hardware .store, and in September, 1856, accepted 
 a position in a large wholesale hardware house in Chicago 
 as bookkeeper. In the fall of 1S59 he went to Toledo, 
 accepting an offer in the hardware business. Later, in 
 1861, he took the position of cashier and bookkeeper with 
 a large commission house on Water street, remaining with 
 them until their dissolution, a period of six years. He 
 started in the commission business for himself in 1869. In 
 the fall of 1874 he was nominated by the Democratic party 
 and Liberal Republicans for the office of County Auditor, 
 and elected by nearly 700 majority, in the October election. 
 He has been a Republican since the party organized, and 
 during the last Presidential election a Liberal Republican, 
 but without ever taking a very active part in politics. He 
 was married in 1858 to Mrs. Caroline Poeschel, from 
 Vienna, Austria. 
 
 EAN, HON. EZR.\, Soldier, Lawyer, and Jurist, 
 was born, April 9th, 1795, in the town of Hills- 
 dale, Columbia county. New York, and was 
 descended from an ancient family which settled 
 in Ma.ssachusetts in 1630, each successive genera- 
 tion of which appears to have contained some 
 man of eminence in the different departments of life. Dur- 
 ing the first five generations the gospel ministry seems to 
 have been the profession most favored, until about the 
 period of the American Revolution, when lawyers first made 
 their appearance in the family. Among these latter was 
 Silas Dean, who took an active part in the Revolution, and 
 who was chosen by the Continental Congress, in September, 
 1776, one of the ambassadors, in connection with Benjamin 
 P'ranklin and Thomas Paine, to conduct the negotiations 
 between the confederated colonies and P'rance. Others of 
 the family, less conspicuous, were doing duty in the ranks 
 of the revolutionary army. Ezra Dean, when he was but 
 49 
 
 nineteen years old, was appointed by the Secretary of War 
 an Ensign in the nth Regiment of United States Infantry, 
 then doing duty against the British on the northern frontier; 
 and on P'ebruary 20th, 1815, he was commissioned a Second 
 Lieutenant by President Madison, to take rank from October 
 1st, 1814, for meritorious conduct in the sortie of Fort Erie, 
 on 17th September, 1814. He was in the battles of Bridge- 
 water and Chippewa; and his regiment held the advance in 
 the storming of Queenstown Heights, in September, 1814. 
 At the close of the war, and before he had attained the age 
 of twenty, he was placed in command of a revenue cutter 
 on Lake Champlain, in which capacity he rendered effec- 
 tive service in guarding the interests of the country against 
 the ever daring class engaged in smuggling. After occupy- 
 ing this position for about two years he resigned the service, 
 and was next assigned to a place in the corps of government 
 engineers who ran the boundary line between the State of 
 Maine and the province of New Brunswick, and was so 
 employed about a year. Having determined by this time 
 upon his future career, he went to Burlington, Vermont, 
 where he became a student at law, under the preceptorship 
 of Governor C. P. Van Ness, and remained with him for 
 two years, and then removed to Plattslnirg, New York, 
 where he completed his preparatory course of law study. 
 On October ist, 1822, he was admitted, by the Supreme 
 Court of Appeals of the State of New York, a member of 
 the bar of that State. In 1822, when Ohio was among the 
 young and thinly peopled Western States, he removed to 
 Wooster and entered into the practice of the law, in Wayne 
 and the surrounding ’counties. He devoted his entire 
 energies to the study of the law and the practice of his pro- 
 fession for the succeeding seven years ; and in 1832 he was 
 chosen by the General Assembly, President Judge of the 
 Court of Common Pleas, his circuit being composed of the 
 counties of Wayne, Knox, Holmes, Richland, Medina, and 
 Lorain. He served in that capacity the full constitutional 
 term of seven years. He took his place on the bench in 
 the beginning of the exciting discussions on the slavery 
 question. In some of the counties of his judicial district, 
 especially in Knox, clubs or combinations were formed to 
 prohibit all discussion of the slavery question ; and in some 
 instances they went so far as to commit acts of outrageous 
 violence against those individuals who attempted to address 
 the people on the slavery question. These combinations 
 were made up from both the Whig and Democratic parties, 
 and seemed to represent the sentiments of the people. 
 Judge Dean did not hesitate a moment as to his course of 
 official duty. In every county where these combinations 
 existed, he charged the grand juries that it was their duly 
 to ferret out and indict all those engaged, either in overt 
 acts of violence or in secret conspiracies against the sacred 
 right of free discussion. In one instance his associates were 
 so terrified at the symptoms of violence in the crowd, that 
 they feigned sickness and deserted the bench ; but this did 
 not terrify Judge Dean : he was there to do his duty. Uiion 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 3S6 
 
 the conviction of the leaders in those organizations, he vis- 
 ited on them the extreme penally of the law ; but such was 
 the state of pulrlic opinion, that the fines imposed by him 
 were invariably remitted by the county commissioners. He 
 was one of the true disciples of Jefferson, who enforced, 
 with all the judicial sanction of the bench, the precept of 
 his great exemplar, that “ Error of opinion may be safely 
 tolerated where reason is left free to combat it.” In the 
 memorable campaign of 1840 he was one of the few Demo- 
 crats elected to Congress from Ohio, and took his seat in 
 that body, March 4th, 1841. He was re-elected in 1842, 
 thus serving in that body for four years. Such was the 
 sense entertained of his merits, that he lacked but one vote 
 of being the choice of his Democratic friends in the Legis- 
 lature for United States Senator, when Benjamin Tappan 
 was chosen. Upon his retirement from Congress, he re- 
 sumed the practice of law in Wooster, and in 1852 took 
 into irartnership his son and only child, Ezra V. Dean, 
 whom he had trained for the bar. This relation continued 
 until 1865, when the son removed with his family to Iron- 
 ton, Ohio, and engaged in active practice there, and where 
 he was joined by his father two years later. In the summer 
 of 1870, in company wdth his ohlest granddaughter, he 
 visited the battle-fields in the vicinity of Niagara P'alls, 
 where he had stood for his country in the war of 1812 ; and 
 thence he went down the St. Lawrence, and viewed the 
 places about Lake Champlain, Plattsburg, Burlington, 
 Vermont, and other scenes with which his youth had been 
 associated. After an absence of the summer season, during 
 which he carefully observed and noted all the great changes 
 time had wrought, he returned home ready to meet the 
 great change which, in the ordinary course of nature, he 
 was conscious he must soon experience. He kept himself 
 thoroughly informed as to all the great social and political 
 movements going on in different parts of the worhl, and 
 took a profound interest in whatever related to the public 
 welfare within his own or other countries. His memory 
 continued fresh and accurate, so that he never lacked an 
 apt quotation or an illustration from history suited to the 
 subject of his conversation. Few men were better read in 
 ancient and modern history, especially in the history of 
 England and of his own country. His convictions were 
 deep and settled in whatever he believed to be right ; and 
 he adhered to them with a firmness and uttered them with 
 a boldness which neither the war of tumult could drown 
 nor the clamor of opposition modify or subdue. It was the 
 force of these convictions which sometimes gave him the 
 appearance of dogmatism in conversation; yet he was most 
 tolerant of what he believed to be errors of opinion in 
 others. From the great diversity of life which he experi- 
 enced in the vicissitudes of a soldier’s camp, the deck of a 
 revenue cutter, or tracing a boundary line, the practice of 
 the law and its administration among a pioneer people to 
 that of a legislator in the Federal Congress, he had garnered 
 up in the well-arranged storehouse of an unfailing memory 
 
 a great variety of knowledge. Besides the diffusion of 
 thought and sentiment which animated his discourse, it 
 was enlivened by ingenious illustrations, pointed sentences, 
 and always seasoned by a vein of good humor, which ever 
 recommended him to favor and attention. Some of the 
 cardinal maxims which influenced the conduct of his life 
 were the following: Always to speak the truth; never to 
 deviate from principle; and never to give any one expecta- 
 tions that would not be likely to be realized. He was 
 strongly opposed to speculative projects ; believing that 
 through patience and industry was the only sure way to 
 happiness and prosperity. A strict and consistent moralist, 
 he granted little indulgence to laxity of morals in others. 
 His manners were formed in the old school of grace and 
 dignity. He disliked familiarity, avoided trifling conversa- 
 tion, and could not tolerate any violation of good manners 
 in others. He was thoroughly versed in the Scriptures and 
 with the history of the church, and well acquainted with 
 the creeds of the sects. He had an abiding confidence in 
 the truth of the teachings of Christ, holding His precepts to 
 be the supreme rule for the government of human conduct; 
 yet he never united with any branch of the church, as he 
 regarded their creeds as but substitutions for a plain self- 
 interpreting gospel. Concerning his domestic manners and 
 private life, old age never presented a more beautiful specta- 
 cle than his devotion to his wife. For many years she had 
 been an invalid, while he was her patient nurse, exhibiting 
 towards her all the tender care and solicitude which marked 
 the love of his early youth. By his grandchildren he was 
 venerated, and indeed by all his relations within the range 
 of his domestic circle. Of his intimate acquaintances, those 
 who were his friends in his youth remained his companions 
 and friends in his old age. He was married in 1823 to 
 Eliza, daughter of William Naylor, of Wooster. He died 
 January 25th, 1S72, after an illness of but four days. His 
 widow survived him but six months. 
 
 EITZEL, GENERAL GODFREY, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton county, Ohio, November 
 1st, 1835. His preparatory education was obtained 
 in the common schools of his native city, and he 
 was a member of the senior class of the old Cen- 
 tral High .School. At the age of sixteen he was, 
 through the influence of Hon. D. T. Disney, sent to West 
 Point. In 1855 he was graduated, ranking second in a 
 class of over thirty. A Brevet Second Lieutenancy in the 
 Corps of Engineers fell to his lot, and a year later iie 
 became a full Second Lieutenant. In i860 he was pro- 
 moted to a First Lieutenancy, and in the spring of 1863 he 
 was made a Captain. From 1855 to 1859 he was with 
 P. G. T. Beauregard, as assistant in the construction and 
 repairs of fortifications in Louisiana, when he was relieved 
 and ordered to West Point as Assistant Professor of Military 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 187 
 
 and Civil Engineering. In the winter of 1861 he w'as 
 ordered to report for duty with Company A, Engineers, and 
 with it proceeded to Washington, where it acted as body- 
 guard to Abraham Lincoln in the inauguration ceremonies. 
 The next month he accompanied it to Fort Pickens, Florida. 
 While here he twice reconnoitred within the enemy’s lines 
 under confidential orders from the commandant. He re- 
 turned to the academy in the fall, and w'as from thence 
 ordered to report to General O. M. Mitchel, commanding 
 the district of Ohio, as Chief Engineer, and also for recruit- 
 ing duty. On December loth, 1861, he was transferred to 
 the engineer battalion of the Army of the Potomac, and 
 placed in command of a company. He w'as also assigned 
 to the special duty of putting together some of the pontoon 
 trains for the army. By this time he had attracted the 
 attention of his superiors to his qualifications as an engineer. 
 When Butler’s expedition to New Orleans was being or- 
 ganized, he was appointed its engineer. While w'ith Beau- 
 regard in that city and vicinity, he had become possessed 
 of an intimate knowledge of the country, and this now' 
 became of great service to the government. Arriving at 
 Ship Island he was taken into consultation with General 
 Butler and Captain Farragut of the navy, w'ho w'as after- 
 wards to gain such w'idespread fame. Acting upon his 
 advice in every movement, these commanders were enabled 
 to reduce the defences of New Orleans, and he then guided 
 Butler and his troops around the marshes and bayous into 
 the city. For his eminent services he was made Assistant 
 Military Commander and Acting Mayor of New Orleans, 
 and also placed in charge of recruiting at that point. After 
 the battle of Baton Rouge he went thither under orders, and 
 laid out the fortifications there. In September, 1862, he 
 was made Brigadier-General of Volunteers, and placed in 
 command of a brigade of raw troops. Ordered by his com- 
 mander to proceed against the enemy, he entered the La 
 Fourche district and routed the rebels in every encounter, 
 and changed the condition of affairs there to one of order 
 and safety. In April, 1863, he proceeded against Port 
 Hutison, and did effective work before reaching and during 
 the siege of that place. After the surrender he was made 
 commander of the 1st Division, 19th Corps, and after 
 being engaged in various military undertakings with more 
 or less success, he was sent to Ohio in December, on re- 
 cruiting service. Upon his return he made application to 
 be transferred to Butler’s command in Virginia, having a 
 warm regard for the man who had accelerated his promo- 
 tion. He W'as transferred to this department in April, 1864, 
 and was made Chief Engineer and also placed in command 
 of the 2d Division, l8th Corps. In the former capacity he 
 constructed the various lines of defence, works, and bridges 
 on the James and Appomattox rivers, including the ap- 
 proaches and piers for the famous pontoon bridge, by which 
 the Army of the Potomac crossed the former. In Septem- 
 ber, after returning from a reconnoissance to the mouth of 
 the Cape Fear river, looking to the reduction of Fort 1 
 
 P’isher, he w'as placed in command of the l8th Corps. Soon 
 after he was attacked w'ith fierceness by the enemy, but re- 
 pulsed them with great loss. In December he was assigned 
 to the command of the 25th Corps, colored troops, which 
 he held until he w'as mustered out of the volunteer service. 
 He was second in command in Butler’s operations against 
 P'ort Fisher. In the closing operations against Richmond 
 he had command of a considerable force, and w'as the first 
 to enter the city, April 3d, 1865, taking up his quarters in 
 the bouse hastily deserted by JefI' Davis the night before. 
 When President Lincoln visited the fated city, he w'as re- 
 ceived by General Weitzel. On the 12th of April he com- 
 menced preparations for the transfer of his command to 
 Texas, where he served under Sheridan until February, 
 1866, when he was mustered out as Major-General in the 
 volunteer service and returned to the Engineer Corps. 
 While on the Texas frontier be w'as a warm sympathizer 
 with the Mexican Republicans, in their efforts to throw' off 
 the yoke of Maximilian, and strongly protested against the 
 cruelties practised by the Imperialists. A sharp correspond- 
 ence took place between himself and one of the Imperialist 
 generals. After leaving the volunteer service, he engaged 
 in engineering, and, among other duties, made the plans 
 and estimates for a canal around the falls of the Ohio, on 
 ' the opposite shore from Louisville. At present he holds 
 the rank of Major and Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel of Engi- 
 j neers, and is stationed at Detroit, having charge of the 
 building of a canal at that place. He also has general 
 supervision of the lighf-house service of the lakes. Toward 
 the end of the war he was married to a daughter of Mr. 
 George Bogen, prominent in the w'ine trade of Cincinnati. 
 
 I He is acknow'ledged to be one of the best engineers of the 
 United States service, and is to be found only where diffi- 
 cult work is being"performed. 
 
 ! r 
 
 OOD, SAMUEL BRYANT, Wholesale Grocer, 
 
 I " born in 1829, in the town of Warw'ick, Frank- 
 
 I Jilj lin county, Massachusetts, and received there only a 
 
 u common school education, being reared on a farm, 
 
 ' f < b > 
 
 c' ^ where he labored until he was twenty-one years 
 of age. At this time, in order to gratify his dis- 
 position for different employment, he left home and repaired 
 to Greenfield, P'ranklin county, Massachusetts, where he 
 became a hotel clerk. At that place and in that position 
 he w'on many friends by his urbanity and desire to give 
 satisfaction ; and he was enabled, througb habits of .steadi- 
 ness and the practice of a strict economy, to accumulate 
 means and become pro]n-ietor. He continued in the hotel 
 luisiness for a period of fifteen years; and by his superior 
 administrative qualities and assiduous attention to his call- 
 ing, he was enabled to command a respectable amount of 
 funds, with which he removed to the city of Toledo in 
 1868, and there purchased an interest in the firm of Benson 
 
 
388 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOILLDIA. 
 
 & Woodberty, wholesale grocers, under the name and style 
 of Benson & Wood, the former junior partner retiring. 
 This business connection continued until 1872, when the 
 firm was- dissolved, by the death of the senior member. 
 He then purchased the interest of the latter, and the busi- 
 ness is now conducted in his own name. He is a quiet, 
 practical man, of great force of character, combining a 
 steady perseverance in business, with an easy, gentlemanly 
 deportment, and has thus secured an excellent patronage; 
 while his name is a synonyme for integrity, soundness, and 
 fair dealing, and his life and present position are sturdy 
 witnesses of what perseverance, industry and economical 
 habits will accomplish. 
 
 ILLI.\RD, RICH.\RD, Merchant, was born in 
 Chatham, New York, July 4th, 1797. His father, 
 David Hilliard, died when his son was but four- 
 teen years of age. After his father’s death he 
 left Albany and resided with his brother in 
 Skeneateles, where he divided his time between 
 clerking in a store and teaching school until he was 
 eighteen, when he removed to Black Rock and became a 
 clerk in the general merchandise store of John Daly. He 
 was soon admitted to a partnership without capital. In 
 1S24 the partners removed to Cleveland, Mr. Hayes resign- 
 ing the active management of the business to his junior 
 partner, who, in 1827, purchased Mr. Daly’s interest and 
 continued to carry on the business alone. By his unwearied 
 industry and strict integrity he succeeded in building up so 
 large a business in dry goods and groceries that it became 
 advisable to have a partner in New York for the purchase 
 of goods. For th.at purpose he associated himself wdth Mr. 
 William Hayes of that city. For a number of years the 
 firm of Hilliard & Hayes carried on a wholesale business 
 in dry goods and groceries that made it one of the foremost 
 houses in that line in the West. Its field of operations was 
 extensive and ste.adily increasing, and the reputation of the 
 house was of the highest. The New York house was 
 changed to Hopkins, Hayes & Co., Mr. Hilliard still being 
 the principal proprietor. The transactions of this firm were 
 very large. At the same time he was associated with 
 Cortland Palmer, of New York, in extensive purchases of 
 real estate. In 1856, when on the journey home from 
 New York, he took cold; a short but fatal illness followed, 
 when he died on the 21st day of December, 1856. No 
 merchant ever stood higher in the public estimation for 
 ability and integrity. His paper was never dishonored or 
 ever placed in doubt, and his word was as good as a w’ritten 
 contract. His financial abilities were very great and appre- 
 ciated by other merchants. In all transactions he was 
 economical, but he was wisely liberal, giving generously, 
 but being careful that his generosity was not unworthily be- 
 stowed. He early interested himself in the scheme for 
 supplying the city with water from Lake Erie, and was one 
 
 of the first commissioners of the Water-Works Board. He 
 negotiated the bonds of the city for the water works most 
 advantageously. The works were completed under his 
 presiding directions in the most thorough and complete 
 manner, so that they have contii^ued to give the greatest 
 satisfaction to all parties concerned. He also took a deep 
 interest in the construction of the Cleveland, Columbus & 
 Cincinnati Railroad, the first railroad line reaching Cleve- 
 land, and was one of the most successful in procuring stock 
 subscriptions. Although he avoided taking an active part 
 in politics he was a conservative Democrat. He was one 
 of the officers of the village of Cleveland previous to its 
 organization as a city, and the first year after it became a 
 city, in 1836, he was elected an alderman, and filled the 
 same office again in 1839. He was frequently tendered the 
 Democratic nomination to Congress, but always declined to 
 accept. He w’as courteous and considerate to all, a warm 
 and trustworthy friend, generous and charitable in thought, 
 word and action. He was liberal in his religious views, 
 and was utterly devoid of narrowness or selfishness. He 
 was married to Catharine Hayes, of New York, who died 
 four years prior to his death, leaving seven children. 
 
 INSI.OW, RICHARD, Shipowner, was born in 
 Falmouth, Maine, September 6th, 1769, being 
 descended in a direct line from Knelm Winslow, 
 brother of Governor Edward Winslow of Ply- 
 mouth colony, and one of the Mayflower Pilgrims. 
 In 1812 he left Maine for North Carolina, where 
 he established himself at Ocracoke, and became largely in- 
 terested in the commerce of that place both by sea and land. 
 In 1830 he determined to investigate the great West, and 
 in May, 1831, he arrived with his family in Cleveland. He 
 became agent for a line of vessels between Buffalo and 
 Cleveland, and also of a line of boats on the Ohio canal. 
 He commenced business also as a shipowmer on his own 
 account, his first on the lakes being the brig “ North Caro- 
 lina,” built for him in Cleveland. A few years later he was 
 interested in building the steamer “ Bunker Hill,” of 456 
 tons, which was a very large size at that time. Then 
 followed a long line of sail and steam craft, built for or 
 purchased by him alone, or in connection with his sons, 
 who became sharers with him in the business, until the 
 Winslow family ranked among the foremost shipowners 
 on the western lakes. In 1854, after twenty-five years of 
 active business on the lakes, and being then eighty-five 
 years old, he retired, leaving his interest to be carried on 
 by his sons, who inherited his business tastes and abilities. 
 He enjoyed his retirement but three years, having met with 
 an accident which seriously affected a leg he had injured 
 years before, and resulted in his death. He was a true 
 gentleman, his nature being warm and impulsive, quick to 
 conceive and prompt to act, cordial in his greetings, free 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 389 
 
 from even the suspicion of meanness or duplicity, courteous 
 to every one, and strongly attached to those he found 
 worthy of his intimate Iriendship. Although he neither 
 sought nor desired office he took a warm interest in public 
 affairs as a citizen. He was married to Mary Nash Grandy, 
 of Camden, North Carolina, who became the mother of 
 eleven children, four of whom, N. C., H. J., R. K. and 
 Edward, survived him. Mrs. Winslow died October, 1858, 
 having survived her husband a little over a year. His son, 
 Rufus King Winslow, was born in Ocracoke, North Caro- 
 lina. He removed with his family to Cleveland in 1831, 
 and was sent to school in the old Cleveland Academy. 
 \Vhen twenty-one years of age he became associated with 
 his brothers, N. C. and J. 11. Winslow, in the shipping 
 business, their father being heavily interested in the owner- 
 ship of vessels on the lakes. His attention being wholly 
 devoted to this business, the Winslow family always being 
 at the head of all shipowners. Since his father’s death the 
 business has been carried on with success wholly by him 
 and his brothers, he remaining in Cleveland, while one 
 brother settled in Buffalo and the other in Chicago. In 
 1859 and i860 they despatched some vessels to the Black 
 Sea, but most of their operations have been confined to the 
 lakes. He has ever refused to accept positions of public 
 trust, although he is patriotic and was a liberal supporter 
 of the Union during the rebellion. Pie is deeply interested 
 in scientific pursuits, and from a boy has been a devoted 
 student of ornithology. In 1869 he was elected President 
 of the Kirtland Academy of Natural Sciences, and was for 
 many years one of its most active and energetic members. 
 He is well known to the best artists as a skilful connoisseur 
 in paintings, and a warm and liberal friend of art in all of 
 its branches. He is aivvays ready to take an active part in 
 works of benevolence, and his correct taste and good judg- 
 ment render valuable service in devising and carrying into 
 execution plans for charitable or patriotic purposes. In 
 1851 he married Lucy B. Clark, daughter of Dr. W. A. 
 Clark, of Cleveland. 
 
 OLBROOK, ALFRED, Principal of the National 
 Normal School at Lebanon, Ohio, was born in 
 Derby, Connecticut, February 17th, 1816. He 
 commenced teaching when seventeen in Monroe, 
 Connecticut. At the age of eighteen he was en- 
 gaged in New York city manufacturing sur- 
 veyors’ instruments. After two years he removed to Kirt- 
 land, Ohio. Subsequently he was occupied one year and a 
 half in surveying in Boonville, Indiana. In 1840 he re- 
 turned to Ohio and taught school in Berea, commencing 
 with three pupils. His school increased very rapidly, and 
 was the foundation of Baldwin University. In 1849 he 
 was appointed Principal of an academy at Chardon, Ohio, 
 where he remained two years. He then accepted a posi- 
 tion in the Western Reserve Teachers’ Seminary at Kirt- 
 
 land. Subsequently he was appointed Superintendent of the 
 public schools of Marlborough, Ohio, and held the position 
 three years. He then removed to Salem, Ohio, and while 
 there he received the appointment as Principal of the .South- 
 western Normal School at Lebanon, which position he has 
 occupied twenty years. Professor Alfred Holbrook is the 
 author of two educational works, which have had a very 
 wide circulation, viz.: “Normal Methods” and “School 
 Management.” He has recently written two text-books on 
 the English language, which are perhaps the best treatises 
 of the kind ever published, viz. : “ Training Lessons” and 
 an “ English Grammar.” During nearly fifty years Professor 
 Holbrook has had under his instruction not less than twenty- 
 five thousand persons — a greater number probably than can 
 be claimed by any other living teacher. On March 24lh, 
 1843, Professor Holbrook was married to Melissa Pierson, 
 daughter of Abial and Irene Pierson, of Derby, Connecticut. 
 
 W'AYNE, WAGER, Lawyer and Soldier, was born 
 in Columbus, Ohio, November loth, 1834. On 
 April 1st, 1849, he left his home for school in 
 Springfield, Ohio, and in September, 1851, he 
 entered Yale College. A dangerous illness in 
 the fall of 1852 obliged him to suspend his studies 
 for a year. He afterwards returned to Yale and graduated 
 in 1856. From college, he went back to Ohio, and entered 
 the law office of Swayne & Baber, graduating at the Cincin- 
 nati law school in the spring of 1859. In the fall of that 
 year he commenced the practice of law in partnership with 
 his father, the Hon. N. H. Swayne. On the outbreak of 
 the war, he was tendered a commission in the Ohio Volun- 
 teer service by the Governor, and entered the army as 
 Major of the 43d Regiment Ohio Volunteers at Camp Chase, 
 on August 31st, 1861. The regiment was recruited with 
 some difficulty, owing to the great number of regiments 
 then organizing, and before the full complement of men 
 was obtained the activity and energy of Major Swayne was 
 recognized by his promotion to be Lieutenant-Colonel, 
 October 31st, 1861. The regiment was filled by January 
 1st, 1862, numbering then 1079 men, and on P'ebruary 
 20th, 1862, it went to Commerce, Missouri, and commenced 
 active service under the command of General Pope. It 
 participated in the action against New Madrid, Missouri, 
 and was complimented in the orders by General Pope for 
 efficient service. It took part in the operations against 
 Island No. 10 and Fort Pillow, and being called by Gen- 
 eral Halleck to Shiloh, after the battle at that place, it 
 participated in the advance upon and taking of Corinth 
 under General Pope, and marched to Boonville in pursuit 
 of Beauregard’s forces, afterwards taking ])art in the battle 
 of Iiika, .September 19th, 1862, in the battle of Corinth, 
 October 3d and 4th, 1862, and in the juirsuit of the rebels 
 under Price to Ripley, Mississi|)pi. The regiment suffered 
 
390 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL EHCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 severely in the action at Corinth, losing its colonel, adjutant 
 and senior captain. Lieutenant-Colonel .Swayne was struck 
 twice but not injured. He was mentioned both in the. 
 brigade and division reports for distinguished gallantry and 
 efficiency in action. On October 12th, 1862, he was made 
 Colonel of the regiment. In the spring of 1S63 Colonel 
 Swayne was appointed Provost-Marshal of Memphis. This 
 duty was performed with an administrative ability and just 
 discrimination, which afterwards became more widely 
 known. During the winter of 1863-64 the regiment, then 
 under command of Colonel Swayne, received the invitation 
 of Congress to re-enlist for an additional term of three 
 years, while encamped at Prospect, Tennessee ; and it may 
 be cited as illustrating the state of the command that seven- 
 eighths of the men on duty responded promptly to the call. 
 Later in the same year, the regiment, still under his per- 
 sonal charge, formed part of Sheiman’s army in the march 
 from Chattanooga to Savannah, participating in the move- 
 ments against Resaca, Kenesaw, Atlanta, and afterwards 
 in the attack upon the outworks of Savannah. Later, in 
 Pebruary, 1865, Colonel Swayne, who in the meantime had 
 been brevetted Brigadier-General for gallant and meritori- 
 ous services, while preparing for an attack upon the rebel 
 forces at River’s bridge, crossing the Salkahatchee river. 
 South Carolina, was struck by an exploding shell, from 
 which he suffered the loss of his right leg, and was obliged 
 to be taken back the next day to Pocatalgo, and thence to 
 hos|)ital at Beaufort, South Carolina. The attack, however, 
 was successful, and the results of value, as afterwards ex- 
 pressed in a private letter from General Sherman on the 
 subject. March 4th, 1865, he was appointed Brigadier- 
 General of Volunteers, vice Andrew Johnson resigned; 
 and on his return to Columbus w.as presented by his fellow- 
 townsmen with a magnificent sword, belt and sash, in 
 token of. his gallant and effective service. Before he had 
 quite recovered from his wound, he was selected by Gen- 
 eral Howard as one of the Assistant Commissioners of 
 Freedmen’s Affairs, and was sent South, and placed in 
 charge of the State of Alabama. The problems here pre- 
 sented were of extreme interest and importance, the powers 
 of the assistant commissioner involving the exclusive con- 
 trol of all litigation, civil and criminal, to which a negro 
 was a party in 'that .State, as well as the care of vast num- 
 bers of suddenly enfranchised and helpless persons, of 
 whom thousands were aged, infirm or infants; and also the 
 adjustment of the relations of capital to labor wholly con- 
 vulsed and overthrown by the recent fortunes of war. After 
 several months of severe labor in the discharge of these 
 duties, on June ist, 1866, the military command of the 
 forces in that State was added to his charge; and on the 4th 
 of August, in the same year, he was appointed Colonel of 
 the 45th Regiment of Infantry in the regular army of the 
 United States, in which he afterwards received the brevet 
 rank of a general officer. The administration within the 
 State of Alabama, of what were known as the Reconstruc- 
 
 tion Measures of Congress, coming directly within the 
 scope of his official duties, was pursued with the same vigor 
 and organizing force which had marked his previous ad 
 ministration. This was necessarily in conflict with the 
 spirit and purpose of the President, Mr. Johnson, and in 
 the spring of 1868 General Pope and General Swayne were 
 relieved from duty in the same order, and on the eve of 
 important elections in both States; the design, which was 
 afterwards in good part carried out, being to place these 
 elections in the hands of men hostile to the policy of re- 
 construction. In December, 1868, General Swayne was 
 married to Ellen Harris, daughter of Alfred Harris, Esq., 
 of Louisville, Kentucky, his regiment in the regular army 
 being then stationed at Nashville, Tennessee. Soon after, 
 he was ordered to Washington, and placed in charge of an 
 important bureau in the War Department; but not liking 
 department life, in June, 1872, he applied to be retired, and 
 removed to Toledo, Ohio, where he at once formed a part- 
 nership with John R. Osborn, of that city, in the practice 
 of law, taking, presently afterwards, a very active part in 
 developing and increasing of railroad facilities, and as a 
 member of the Board of Education, in promoting the edu- 
 cational interests of the city. 
 
 „^^p|OOMIS, P'INNEY R., Merchant, and Member 
 of liie House of Representatives of the Sixty-first 
 General Assembly of Ohio, was born in Medina 
 county, Ohio, on the 3d of September, 1841, his 
 parents being Milo and Lucy A. Loomis. He 
 received his early education in the public schools 
 of Medina county, and subseijuently entered Oberlin Col- 
 lege, where he graduated. When the war of the rebellion 
 broke out, he was among the first to enter the military ser- 
 vice in the cause of the Union. lie enlisted as a private 
 on the 19th of April, 1861, and served as a private and 
 orderly sergeant until the battle of Antietam, in 1862. In 
 that battle he distinguished himself by special gallantry, 
 and was promoted therefor to the rank of Second Lieuten- 
 ant. He was severely wounded in the hip during the 
 engagement, and was, of course, incapacitated for active 
 service for a time thereafter. As soon as he was able for 
 duty, however, he was back in the field again, and served 
 so effectively that, in January, 1863, he was promoted to a 
 First Lieutenancy, and detailed to the position of Ordnance 
 Officer of a brigade in the 2d Army Corps. In July, 
 1863, he was still further advanced in rank, being made 
 Captain and Commissary of Subsistence of his brigade. At 
 the battle of Gettysburg he was wounded in the shoulder. 
 He, however, remained in the field, and continued to do 
 active service until his regiment — the 8th Ohio Volunteers 
 — was mustered out, by reason of expiration of term of ser- 
 vice, July 13th, 1864. All his military service was with the 
 .-\rmy of the Potomac. Immediately after his return to his 
 
BIOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOr/EDIA. 
 
 391 
 
 home at Lodi, Medina county, he was made Postmaster of 
 the place, and also engaged in general merchandising busi- 
 ness. He continued in this business until the spring of 
 1873, when he gave it up. In that year, 1873, he was 
 elected on the Republican ticket as a member of the House 
 of Representatives of the Sixty-first General Assembly, 
 from Medina county, and was placed on the Gommittees on 
 Claims, Retrenchment, and Blind, Deaf and Dumb, and 
 Imbecile Asylums, being secretary of the two latter. He 
 proved himself an admirable committeeman, and as good a 
 legislator as he had been a soldier, which is saying that, as 
 a legislator, he left little to be desired. He has been twice 
 married. In November, 1862, he married Nellie G. Slater, 
 of Wayne county, Ohio. She died in October, 1863, and 
 on the loth of January, 1865, he married Catherine C. Kill- 
 mer, of Brooklyn, New York, by whom he has one child, a 
 son, born March i6th, 1871. In September, 1875, he 
 purchased property in Medina, the county-seat of his native 
 county, where he removed with his family soon after, and 
 where he now resides. 
 
 ELLS, HON. JACOB M., Attorney-at-Law, was 
 born in Clermont county, Ohio, June 8th, 1821. 
 He was the oldest child in a family of thirteen 
 children, whose parents were Eli Wells and Eliza 
 (Mahan) Wells. His father, a native of Mason 
 county, Kentucky, followed through life princi- 
 pally agricultural pursuits. He moved to Ohio in 1803, 
 settling in Clermont county, where he has since permanently 
 resided. His mother, a native of Bethel, Clermont county, 
 Ohio, was a daughter of Jacob Mahan, early pioneer and 
 preacher of that county. The sires of the Wells family 
 were active participants in the stirring events of revolu- 
 tionary days, and the Mahans took part in the subsequent 
 war of i8i2 . Until his twentieth year was reached his days 
 were spent alternately in attending school through the 
 winter months, and in laboring on a farm during the summer 
 seasons. The year 1841 saw him in possession of a liberal 
 education, and he then assumed the role of teacher in a 
 school of Brown county, Ohio. During the ensuing eight 
 years of his experience as an educator he applied himself 
 with more or less regularity to the study of law. In the 
 spring of 1853 he settled in West Union, Adams county, 
 and taught school there for one year. Upon his admission 
 to the bar in 1854 he immediately entered upon the practice 
 of his profession in West Union, and has down to the 
 present lime continued to prosecute his professional labors 
 with notable success. He has been twice elected Justice of 
 the Peace, the first time about the year 1847, and for two 
 years he acted as Surveyor for Adams county. Also, for one 
 term, he officiated as Prosecuting Attorney of Adams county. 
 He has never descended into the political arena as a par- 
 tisan office-seeker, but in the movements of the hour has 
 uniformly supported the man and cause that, in his views, 
 
 promised to accomplish the greater good. The principles 
 of the Republican party are more thoroughly in harmony 
 with his sentiments and ideas than are those of any of the 
 other political organizations. His religious opinions are ex- 
 pressed in the doctrines of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 He was married in April, 1844, to Elizabeth J. Robbins, 
 daughter of Daniel and Rebecca Robbins, of Adams county, 
 Ohio, who died in August, 1868. He was again married, 
 in January, 1870, to Elizabeth F. Thompson, a native of 
 Washington county, Pennsylvania, a graduate of Olome 
 Institute, Cannonsburg, Pennsylvania. He is the father 
 of seven living children by his first marriage, four sons and 
 three daughters. 
 
 HOMAS, DAVID W., Atlorney-at-Law, was born 
 in Loudon county, Virginia, August lllh, 1833. 
 He was the fourth child in a family of six children 
 whose parents were Joseph Thomas and Sallie 
 (Worthington) Thomas, also natives of Loudon 
 county, Virginia, and descendants of familits 
 whose members had been participants in the stirring events 
 of the Revolution. His father followed through life the 
 business of wagon and carriage-maker, and moved to Ohio 
 in 1836, settling at Mount Vernon, Knox county, where he 
 remained during the ensuing three years. He then re- 
 moved to Adams county, near Mount Leigh, where he re- 
 sided until his decease in 1870. He was noted for his 
 ability as a master-mechanic, and esteemed for his sterling 
 integrity of character. He was of Welsh extraction. His 
 earlier years M'ere passed in various employments, in the 
 carriage-shop and on the farm. His early education, 
 limited in degree and kind, was acquired by his own exer- 
 tions. While in his twentieth year, his literary attainments 
 having been improved by diligent study and observation, he 
 assumed the role of educator in a school at Locust Grove, 
 Adams county, where he taught duritig two winters, while 
 the summer months were devoted to field labor. In those 
 years he also began the study of law. In the winter of 
 i860 he removed to West Union, and resumed his law 
 studies under the supervision of Colonel Joseph R. Cockerill. 
 In May, 1861, he entered the Union service <as a private of 
 Company D, of the 24th Regiment of Ohio Volunteer In- 
 fantry. With that body he served actively for three years, 
 and while connected with it was a participant in the battles 
 of Shiloh, Perryville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Lookout 
 Mountain and Missionary Ridge, and in numerous other 
 minor engagements. On the second day of the battle of 
 Shiloh he was wounded in the thigh by a Minie-ball. This 
 casualty incapacitated him for service for about two months. 
 After the battle of Stone River he was promoted to a First 
 Lieutenancy, and subsequently was raised to the rank of 
 Captain. In June, 1864, he received an honorable dis- 
 charge from the army, his term of service having expired, 
 and returned to West Union. There he continued the 
 
392 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 study of law under the direction of Hon. E. P. Evans, and, 
 October ist, 1864, was admitted to the bar. Since his entry 
 into professional life he has, with the exception of two years 
 p.assed in Georgetown, Brown county, resided constantly in 
 West Union, and has there acquired a very extensive and 
 remunerative practice. In 1867 he was elected Prosecuting 
 Attorney of Adams county, and served for one term. He 
 was elected Mayor of West Union in 1873, ^^d re-elected 
 to the same office in 1874, serving three years. He is an 
 ally of the Democratic party. His integrity of character is 
 unassailable, and his course in life has uniformly been 
 characterized by untiring industry and well-directed energy. 
 His views on religious matters are liberal and free from any 
 taint of bigotry or intolerance. He was married in 1854 to 
 Elizabeth Frilts, a native of Loudon county, Virginia. 
 
 ■ji|t ILLER, JOHN, Banker, was born in Worcester, 
 '’■4t I Massachusetts, March l6th, 1810. His early edu- 
 cation was liberal, and olitained in the then com- 
 mon schools of his native place. After a residence 
 of several years in Savannah, Georgia, where he 
 took a clerical position, he returned to Worcester, 
 and there was engaged for a brief period in the arena of 
 business. In 1838 he moved to Columbus, Ohio, and em- 
 barked in the grocery business, which he sustained with 
 success until 1854. In February of this year he engaged in 
 the banking business, under the firm-style of Miller, Donald- 
 son & Co., over which house he still presides as head. He 
 has served in all twelve years as a member of the City 
 Council. In 1862 he organized the present Steam Fire 
 Department, and until 1865, the date of his resignation, 
 officiated as its Chief Engineer. From 1863 to 1865 he was 
 Director of the Ohio Penitentiary. He was also Director 
 of the Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati Railroad Company 
 for twenty-one consecutive years, and at the expiration of 
 that extended period declined a longer service. He has 
 been President and a Director of the Columbus Gas-Iaght 
 and Coke Company, and of the Franklin Insurance Com- 
 pany, from the dates of their organization down to the 
 present time, and was President of the first Street Railroad 
 built in the city of Columbus. He was also one of the 
 commissioners to build the new depot of the Cleveland, Co- 
 lumbus & Cincinnati Railroad. During the years of his 
 residence in Columbus, he has been zealously engaged in 
 the support and aid of all public enterprises of an important 
 nature, and has acted in a most laudable spirit in furthering, 
 with well-directed energy, the fruitful development of the 
 city’s natural and artificial resources. The possessor of a 
 large fortune, he is ever ready to listen to the story of dis- 
 tress, and as ready to assist the deserving unfortunate, while 
 his record, public or private, is without a stain. He was 
 married in 1834 to Harriet R. Robinson, by whom he 
 
 has had four children. His son, William H. Miller, is 
 Superintendent of the Columbus Gas Works, a most worthy 
 and exemplary young gentleman. 
 
 INEGARNER, DAVID C., Hardware Merchant, 
 I'i l Mayor of Newark, Ohio, was born in Muskingum 
 [ ill Ghio, November 6th, 1833. His parents 
 
 were residents of Virginia, and his father followed 
 through life mercantile pursuits. He was edu- 
 cated primarily at a country school located in the 
 vicinity of his home. He was subsequently a student in 
 Granville College, now Dennison University, where he re- 
 mained until eighteen years of age. He was then employed 
 as a clerk in a store at Pataskala, Licking county, Ohio, for 
 about two years. At a later period he was occupied for a 
 time on a farm, and also in teaching school during the 
 winter months. In the spring of 1857 he moved to Keokuk, 
 Iowa, where he carried on the business of a grocery store 
 for eighteen months, sustaining through this time a fair 
 trade. In the spring of i860, having spent nine months in 
 St. Louis, in the cigar and tobacco business, he removed to 
 Newark, Ohio. Here he embarked in the hardware busi- 
 ness, successively in partnership and alone, in which he has 
 since continued. From l86g to 1875 he was a member of 
 the Board of Education of Newark, and in the spring of 
 1874 was elected Mayor of the town. In addition to his 
 private business as a hardware merchant, he possesses a 
 valuable interest in the glass works of Shields, King & Co. 
 In his prominent and honorable position as head of the city 
 powers, he conducts himself with marked loyalty and 
 ability, and by his administration has deservedly won ihe 
 respect and esteem of his fellow-townsmen. He was mar- 
 ried, March 12th, 1861, to Mary E. Haver, of Fairfield 
 county, Ohio. 
 
 ARROTT, COLONEL EDWIN A., President of 
 the Dayton (Ohio) Malleable Iron Works, was 
 born in Dayton, Ohio, November 30th, 1830. His 
 parents, Thomas Parrott and Sarah A. (Sullivan) 
 Parrott, were natives of Dorchester county, Mary- 
 land, and moved to Ohio in 1829. The Parrott 
 family has a New England origin, and Captain Abner Par- 
 rott commanded a privateer which was fitted out at Salem, 
 and which was one of the first vessels to engage in the revo- 
 lutionary struggle, and establish the reputation of the Amer- 
 ican navy. He received his education in the Ohio Wes- 
 leyan University at Delaware, Ohio, graduating in the class 
 of 1S49 with the degree of A. B., that of A. M. being con- 
 ferred at a subsequent period. After abandoning collegiate 
 life he registered for the bar in Dayton, and applied him- 
 self to the study of law during the ensuing eighteen months. 
 He also attended one term at the Harvard College Law 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOPHiDIA. 
 
 393 
 
 School. He then returned to his home and engaged in the 
 manufacturing business with his father. Having, however, 
 kept up his legal studies in private, he passed the required 
 examination, and in 1853 was admitted to the bar. P'rom 
 that time until 1859, not desiring to enter on the practice 
 of his profession, his attention was engrossed by the manu- 
 facturing business. He was then elected to the Legislature 
 on the Republican ticket, thus securing the honor of being 
 the first member returned by his parly from Montgomery 
 within the preceding ten years. During the eventful period 
 of the secession of the Southern States, he acted as Chair- 
 man of the House Committee on Federal Relations, and ex- 
 hibited a fearless boldness in urging the government to 
 make a decisive stand and strike pitilessly to preserve the 
 national existence. Perceiving the inevitable drift of mat- 
 ters, the day after the first call of President Lincoln for 
 troops he resigned his seat in the House, and hastened back 
 to Dayton in order to organize a militia regiment, of which 
 he was Major, and prepare it to assist in the defence of the 
 capital. With four companies of the ist Regiment of Ohio 
 Militia, speedily brought together, he returned to Columbus 
 within a week, where his forces were augmented by com- 
 panies from other parts of the State. Thus was formed the 
 1st Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, of which he was promptly 
 elected Lieutenant-Colonel. Moving immediately to the 
 front, he participated in the engagement under General 
 Schenck at Vienna. The term of service of those troops, 
 which was limited to ninety days, expired three days before 
 the battle of Bull Run ; they remained under orders, how- 
 ever, until after that engagement, and were active partici- 
 pants in it. “ The shadow of this memorable defeat cannot 
 fall on the patriotism of the 1st Ohio Regiment.” On his 
 return to his State, the regiment was re-enlisted, retaining its 
 old number, while he was elected to occupy its colonelcy. 
 The elective system of determining officers had, however, 
 just been abolished, and the position of Colonel was given 
 to an officer of the regular army, he resuming his former 
 position as Lieutenant-Colonel. Joining the Army of the 
 Cumberland he served on the staff of General A. B. McCook 
 until May, 1862, when he was promoted to the full rank of 
 Colonel. He commanded the 3d Brigade of the 2d Divi- 
 sion of the 1st Army Corps from January, 1863, until Sep- 
 tember 1st, at which date he was detailed to organize the 
 Provost- Marshal’s Bureau of Ohio, with head-quarters at 
 Columbus. In this position he remained until February, 
 1864, when the death of his father made it necessary for 
 him to give his personal attention to the settlement of the 
 estate, and he accordingly resigned his position in the 
 army. At this dale, however, the war was practically 
 ended, and a few weeks later the Confederacy collapsed. 
 He was at the head of his regiment in the famous battles of 
 Pittsburgh Landing and Murfreesboro’, and led it also in the 
 minor engagements occurring up to the period of his detail- 
 ment. In 1865 he was again elected to the Legislature, and 
 was chosen Speaker of the House. .\t the conclusion of 
 
 50 
 
 his term he withdrew from politics, and has since devoted 
 himself exclusively to business. He is President of the 
 Dayton Malleable Iron Works, an enterprise of extensive 
 proportions, of which he is the founder. He was married in 
 February, 1866, to Mary M. Thomas, daughter of Rev. 
 Dr. Thomas F. Thomas. 
 
 FCK, WILLIAM LAUREN, Physician and Su- 
 perintendent of the Cincinnati Sanitarium, was 
 born in Woodbridge, New Haven county, Con- 
 necticut, on the 7th of July, 1S20. Through both 
 branches of the family he is descended from revo- 
 lutionary stock. His parents were both natives 
 of Connecticut, and his father, Lauren Peck, was a direct 
 descendant of one of the original settlers of New Haven. 
 A prominent feature of William’s early discipline was the 
 discipline of labor, and his father’s farm was his earliest 
 school. The father, however, was in circumstances that en- 
 abled him to give his children — there were seven of them 
 and William was the third — a good general education. Of 
 his opportunities in this direction William availed himself 
 fully, and obtained a very thorough education. When he 
 was twenty years of age he began the study of medicine, 
 having early resolved to devote himself to that profession. 
 His habits of hard work and patient study served a good 
 purpose now, no less than his excellent natural abilities. 
 While going through the elementary discipline of medical 
 study, he supported himself byteachingsehool and laboring at 
 otber pursuits ; and not only supported himself, but accumu- 
 lated enough to enable him to go through a course of study 
 in a medical college, when the lime came. Having finished 
 his course of elementary study, he entered the Berkshire 
 Medical College, from which institution he graduated in 
 the year 1848, and immediately thereafter he established 
 himself in the practice of medicine at Pittsfield, Massachu- 
 setts. In connection with his medical practice he opened a 
 drug store, and rapidly achieved prosperity, both as a med- 
 ical practitioner and as a druggist. He remained at Pitts- 
 field until 1851, when he sold out his interests there and 
 removed to Ohio, locating himself in Circleville. There he 
 devoted his entire time and attention to the practice of 
 medicine and surgery, and attained a substantial and envi- 
 able success. He remained there until the fall of 1862, 
 when he was appointed Surgeon of the 3d Ohio Volunteers, 
 to succeed Dr. McMeans, who had died after the battle of 
 Perryville. He at once accompanied the regiment to the 
 field, and continued wilh it until it was mustered out of 
 service in June, 1864. After leaving the army he returned 
 to Ohio and took charge of the State Lunatic Asylum at 
 Columbus, in which position he remained for the next ten 
 years. In April, 1874, he severed his connection with the 
 asylum, and was placed in charge of the Cincinnati .Sani- 
 tarium, located on College Hill, near Cincinnati, and his 
 
394 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 position as Superintendent of this institution he still holds. 
 The Sanitarium is a benevolent institution, under the control 
 of a hoard of directors. Its purpose is, most especially, to 
 afford relief in cases of nervous disorder. During the years 
 1874-75 about one hundred and fifty persons of both sexes 
 received treatment there, and left the institution materially 
 benefited. Of these about one-tenth were inebriates, three- 
 fourths were lunatics, and the remainder were afflicted with 
 various nervous infirmities. Politically Dr. Peck is a Re- 
 publican, although the constant demands of his profession 
 have left him little time for active participation in politics. 
 He is an active and consistent member of the Presbyte- 
 rian Church, and was for years a deacon of that body. He 
 was married on the i8th of April, 1841, to Sarah Vienna 
 Olds, a native of Vermont, and a daughter of Amasa Olds, 
 of Marlborough in that State. 
 
 EL.SON, RICHARD, .Author and Teacher, was 
 I born in Castleward, county of Down, Ireland, 
 July 9th, 1822. His father, James Nelson, was a 
 sea-captain, well known in Belfast, one of the ports 
 in which he traded before his death, which oc- 
 curred in 1868. His ancestors, the Nelsons and 
 Moores, of the third generation, both were from Newcastle- 
 upon-Tyne, England, and settled on either side of Strang- 
 ford river, in the county of Down. His education consisted 
 of the elementary branches which were acquired in Strang 
 ford near Castleward, and the higher course in science, 
 mathematics, and English literature in Belfast, under the 
 professors of the Belfast Institution. Soon after leaving 
 Belfast he served under his brother Horatio on board the 
 “ Britannia” as cabin-boy, but in a short time was appren- 
 ticed to sailmaking with Francis McCracken, in Belfast, at 
 one time the largest sailmaker in Europe. In the third year 
 of his apprenticeship Mr. McCracken died, and the subject of 
 this sketch was madesecond foreman of the establishment, and 
 subsequently first foreman. At that time he had served as 
 an apprentice but four years, and as the law of the trades- 
 union required seven years, the workmen, in accordance 
 with their rules, refused to work under Mr. Nelson as fore- 
 man until he had completed his seven years. This action 
 of the trades-union changed his entire course, and he en- 
 gaged a few years in study, and then took a position as tutor 
 in a family in Kings county, where he remained several 
 years. In 1847 he opened a mercantile and classical 
 academy in Great Howard street, Liverpool, England, 
 where he remained till July, 1S49, when he sailed for the 
 United States, and settled in Bartlesville, Ohio, where he 
 was proffered and accepted the charge of the academy of 
 that town. In 1851 he removed to Wheeling, West Vir- 
 ginia, and obtained the principalship of Centre Wheeling 
 Public School. In 1853 he located in Cincinnati and 
 opened a commercial college on Central avenue, where he 
 
 remained until 1859, when he removed to the southeast 
 corner of Fourth and Vine streets. In 1866 H. A. Faber, 
 now President of Queen City College, was admitted to part- 
 nership, and took the position of principal of the business 
 department. After seven years’ connection with the insti- 
 tution ill health compelled him to dissolve the partnership. 
 Mr. Nelson’s wonderful success in this college was due to 
 the method of instruction, which was entirely original, and 
 was introduced by himself, viz., that of imparting instruction 
 through the medium of an organized business community, 
 as described by a writer in the Cincinnati Gazette. Clerks, 
 bookkeepers, merchants, teachers, old and young, were at- 
 tracted to the institution. Business men who had retired 
 on their wealth were found side by side with graduates of 
 literary colleges and clerks preparing for higher positions. 
 Principals of the public schools spent their evenings and 
 spare hours on .Saturdays, in preparing for employment 
 more congenial to their taste, as well as more lucrative. 
 Young men were drilled in bill-making, and acquired 
 familiarity with business paper, learned by experience how 
 to transact busine.ss, and were thus prepared to fill the more 
 humble positions to which their ages assigned them, and 
 from which they were soon promoted. This college Mr. 
 Nelson disposed of in 1871. When in Wheeling, Virginia, 
 he organized the Mechanics’ Institute, and secured for its 
 members night schools in various parts of the city. In 1859 
 he wrote and published his “ Mercantile Arithmetic,” in 
 1866 his “Common School Arithmetic,” and in 1870 Id's 
 “ First Part of Bookkeeping,” now a text-book in the schools 
 of Cincinnati. P'or a number of years he published a jiaper. 
 The News and Educator, which was merged into the Edu- 
 cational Times, a magazine edited by the Hon. A. J. 
 Rickoff, now of Cleveland, Ohio. In 1875 published, 
 in conjunction with H. A. Faber, “ The New Mercantile 
 Arithmetic.” Mr. Nelson in addition to his college duties 
 was a partner in a veneer mill, and was of the firm of 
 Nelson & Co., furniture manufacturers. During his connec- 
 tion with the International Business College Association, he 
 was for three years Chairman of the Committee on Text 
 Books and Course of .Study; In politics he belongs to no 
 party, yet his sympathies are with the Republican jiarty. 
 In religion he is an orthodox Congregationalist. In Eng- 
 land he was an Independent, having left the Episcopal 
 Church on account of the heresies of Pusey, when his atten- 
 tion was directed to the ministry. He never held a public 
 office except that of teacher. During the war he furnished 
 a substitute, and was a member of the Tetichers’ Rifle Com- 
 pany. At present he is associated with Mr. Bolles in a land 
 office on Third street, Cincinnati, and has just published a 
 very interesting book of about two hundred pages, entitled 
 “Suburban Homes.” His residence is in Montgomery, a 
 suburb of Cincinnati, adjoining which he has a beautiful 
 farm. December 24th, 1846, he was married to Ellen 
 Higginson, a daughter of Mr. Higginson, of the county of 
 .Vntrim. She is a graduate of the Home and Colonial In- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 395 
 
 slitution of London, England. They have seven children 
 now living, three daughters and four sons. Their eldest 
 daughter, Dora, is Secretary of the Cincinnati Conservatory 
 of Music. 
 
 ICE, HARVEY, LL. D., Lawyer and Author, was 
 born in Conway, Massachusetts, June nth, 1800. 
 When seventeen years of age he requested his 
 father, who was a fanner, to give him his free- 
 (s dom and allow him to acquire a liberal educa- 
 
 tion. This he achieved by graduating from 
 Will iams College, in 1824. Erom college he went directly 
 to Cleveland, where he had no influential friends to aid 
 him in his advancement. His worldly goods, all told, were 
 the plain ,suit of clothes he wore and three dollars in 
 money. Cleveland at that time contained but four hundred 
 inhabitants. He soon began to teach a classical school in 
 the old academy on St. Clair street, and also to study law 
 under the direction of Reuben Wood, a prominent member 
 of the Cleveland bar. In two years he was admitted to the 
 practice of law, and at once formed a copartnership with 
 Reuben Wood, with whom he had read law. This part- 
 nership continued until Mr. W'ood was elected to the 
 bench. In 1S29 Mr. Rice was elected Justice of the 
 Peace, and in 1830 Representative to the Legislature. 
 Soon after this he was appointed an agent for the sale of 
 the Western Reserve school lands, which comprised a tract 
 of fifty-six thousand- acres situated in Virginia Military Dis- 
 trict. He opened his office in Millersburg, Holmes county, 
 for the sale of these lands, and in three years had sold them 
 all for one hundred and fifty thousand dollars and paid 
 that sum into the State Treasury as a school fund to edu- 
 cate the children of the Western Reserve, the interest of 
 which is now annually paid by the State for that purpose. 
 In 1833 he returned to Cleveland and was appointed Clerk 
 of the Common Pleas and .Superior Courts, and held that 
 position seven years. In 1834 and 1836 he was nominated 
 by the Democratic Conventions for Congress, but was not 
 elected, as the Democrats were in a small minority. He 
 was the first Democrat ever sent to the Legishature from 
 Cuyahoga county. In the House Select Committee for 
 revising the statutes of the State he introduced many new 
 provisions, which are still retained on the statute-book. 
 In the autumn of 1851 he was nominated and elected State 
 Senator by seven hundred majority. The General Assembly 
 met for the first time under the new constitution, and new 
 laws were to be enacted to secure to the people the prac- 
 tical benefits of the great reforms which had been achieved 
 by its adoption. It was said of Mr. Rice, that he was al- 
 ways at his post. He took an active part in establishing 
 two insane asylums in the .State, and performed great ser- 
 vice in forming a new system for the common schools, so 
 that he was called “ The Pather of the common schools of 
 Ohio.” He introduced a bill to establish a State reform 
 
 school for juvenile offenders, which resulted in the estab- 
 lishment of the Reform I'ami School at I.ancaster. In 1857 
 he was a member of the City Council, and took a leading 
 part in establishing in Cleveland an industrial school, and 
 was afterward active in extending its usefulness. During 
 the same year he introduced a resolution to erect the Perry 
 monument, which now graces the public park of that city. 
 The resolution made the cost to depend solely on voluntary 
 subscriptions of the citizens. As Chairman of the Monu- 
 ment Committee he carried the object of his resolution into 
 effect in three years after he had introduced it. On Sep- 
 tember loth, i860, the anniversary of Perry’s victory on 
 Lake Erie, the monument was inaugurated with imposing 
 ceremony. Mr. Bancroft, the historian, delivered the ad- 
 dre.ss. By a careful estimate it is supposed that not less than 
 one hundred thousand people were in attendance. In car- 
 rying out the programme the battle of Lake Erie was re- 
 produced in a mock fight on the lake in front of the city. 
 Everything was a perfect success — the monument, inaugura- 
 tion, and the crowd of interested spectators, who fully 
 appreciated the importance of the occasion. In 1861 he 
 was elected a member of the Board of Education, and was 
 appointed President of the Board. In 1862 he was ap- 
 pointed by the Governor, with the approval of the War 
 Department, Commissioner for Cuyahoga County, to con- 
 duct the first draft made in that county during the late civil 
 war. While in the discharge of this duty five or six hun- 
 dred men appeared one morning to demolish his office and 
 records. They had heard that there had been unfairness 
 in the draft, and were greatly excited. Mr. Rice quietly 
 sent to the military camp on the heights for a detachment 
 of soldiers, infantry and artillery, who came to his relief and 
 disijersed the riotous assemblage. To satisfy all, he ofl'cred 
 to have a committee appointed to investigate and see that 
 everything had been conducted with fairness. With his 
 aid an elaborate investigation was made. The committee 
 reported that the draft had Ireen conducted justly in all 
 respects. Two of the men who had been instrumental in 
 getting up the mob were drafted on the spot. In 1867 he 
 planned and erected at his own expense, approved by the 
 college authorities, a beautiful marble monument in Mis- 
 sions Park, at Williamstown, Massachusetts, commemora- 
 tive of American Eoreign Missions, originated by Samuel J. 
 Mills, a religious enthusiast — thus: in an out doors meeting 
 they were driven by a violent storm to take refuge under a 
 haystack; while there Mr. Mills suggested the idea of mis- 
 sions to foreign heathen lands as a religious duty. His 
 companions agreed with him, and consecrated themselves iti 
 solemn prayer to the great work. Erom this circumstance 
 originated the American Eoreign Missions. The monu- 
 ment is erected on the .spot where the haystack stoijd. It 
 is twelve feet high, surmounted by a marble globe three feet 
 in diameter, cut in map lines. The face of the monument 
 has the inscription, “The Field is the World,” followed by 
 a haystack sculptured in bas-relief and the names of the five 
 
;g6 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL E NX’ V C LO P. I-: D I A. 
 
 young men who held the prayer-meeting, and the date, 
 1806. The monument was deilicated, July 28th, 1867. at 
 Maple Grove, in the park, and by special request Mr. Rice 
 delivered the dedicatory address, which was published in 
 pamphlet form. In 1869 he visited California, and became 
 a correspondent for the papers ; his “ Letters from the 
 Pacific Slope; or. First Impressions,” were read by thou- 
 sands with deep interest. In 1S71 Williams College con- 
 ferred upon him the degree of LL. D. He is widely 
 known as the author of “ Mount Vernon, and other 
 Poems,” a volume of 250 pages, which attained its fifth 
 edition. In 1875 he wrote another volume, entitled 
 “ Nature and Culture,” which has received a wide circu- 
 lation. His natural abilities are of a high order; his mind 
 thoroughly disciplined and cultivated, and although prac- 
 tising at the bar but a short time he won an enviable repu- 
 tation for legal ability, discriminating judgment and gentle- 
 manly deportment. He is a graceful and vigorous writer, 
 and is well known as an able contributor to some of the 
 best periodicals of the day. At present he is engaged in 
 literary and other labors, especially in attempting to pro- 
 mote the success of the reformatory institutions of Cleve- 
 land. He has twice been married : first in 1828, and after- 
 wards in 1840. 
 
 ORRIS, HON. THOMAS, United States Senator 
 from Ohio, was born in Berks county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, January 3d, 1776. He was the fifth of a 
 family of twelve children, born to Isaac and 
 Ruth (Henton) Morris. His mother was the 
 daughter of a Virginia planter. The first represent- 
 ative of the family name came from England in 1637, and 
 settled in Massachusetts. Soon after the birth of Thomas 
 his parents removed to the wilds of western Virginia, and 
 settled in Harrison county, near Clarksburg. Both were 
 members of the Baptist Church, and the father preached 
 the gospel for more than half a century. He died in 1830, 
 at the age of ninety-one, leaving three hundred descend- 
 ants. (The number is now estimated at one thousand.) 
 Thomas was instructed in the rudiments of education by his 
 mother, schools being scarce in those wilds. His parents 
 were people of strong anti-slavery convictions, and gave 
 proof of the fixedness of their principles by refusing to re- 
 ceive in bondage four “human chattels” who fell to their 
 lot by heritance. In 1795 Thomas took up his residence 
 in Ohio, then a part of the great Northwest Territory. In 
 the town of Columbia, in this year, he became a clerk in 
 the store of Rev. John Smith, a Baptist preacher, and after- 
 wards one of the first members of the United States Senate 
 from the State of Ohio. His unfortunate connection with 
 the “ Burr conspiracy ” drove him from home and friends 
 in disgrace. In the employ of this man young Morris re- 
 mained for several years, during which he improved his 
 mind by perusing books. In his hours of leisure he often 
 
 hunted wild game in the forest, afterwards felled to make 
 way for Cincinnati. On the 19th of November, 1797, two 
 years after his arrival in Columbia, he was married to 
 Rachel, daughter of Benjamin and Mary Davis, of Welsh 
 descent, and natives of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. 
 This union was eminently happy, and existed nearly fifty 
 years. Eleven children were born to them, all of whom 
 lived to become useful members of society. In 1800 the 
 young couple removed to Williamsburg, Clermont county, 
 Ohio, and four years later to Bethel, where they resided the 
 most of their days. In 1802, with meagre facilities, the 
 husband began the study of the law. Two years later he 
 was admitted to the bar. He at once became a leader 
 among his professional brethren. In all his arguments he 
 was fond of quoting from Scripture, and, although a suc- 
 cessful lawyer for forty years, he never encouraged litiga- 
 tion. He was oftener found pleading the cause of the poor 
 than the rich, and but for this his large practice would 
 have yielded a great revenue. In 1S06 he was elected 
 from Clermont county to the Ohio Legislature. Here he 
 fought the encroachments of the slave power. His legis- 
 lative labors extended over a period of twenty-four years, 
 and his record was spotless, as indeed his political and 
 social life ever was. No matter what party was in power, 
 he was chairman of the most important committees. Ills 
 entire legislativ'e history was free from selfish ambition. 
 He labored long for the repeal of the law making debt a 
 crime punishable by imprisonment. He strongly opposed 
 the canal system, uttering the memorable prophecy: “In 
 twenty-five years Ohio will be covered with a network sys- 
 tem of railroads, and canals will be superseded.” During 
 all his service in the Legislature he was an ardent and able 
 friend of the common schools, and voted for the largest ac- 
 cumulation of a fund devoted to this great object. In 
 1808-9 he was appointed, on the part of the House, to 
 conduct the impeachment trial of Judges Tod and Pease. 
 His success led to his election as one of the Supreme 
 Judges of Ohio, but an act of the Legislature prevented his 
 being seated. He strongly advocated the war with Great 
 Britain in 1812. In the “ nullification ” troubles of 1832 
 he was a firm supporter of the general government. In 
 1826 he was tendered the nomination for United States 
 Senator, but declined. In 1832 he was again tendered the 
 nomination, and his acceptance resulted in his election. 
 He was a member of the Democratic party, but never 
 failed to fellow his convictions, especially in his opposition 
 to the extension of slavery. In December, 1833, he took 
 his seat in the United States .Senate. In this new field of 
 labor he found the stormy era of sectional prejudices just 
 dawning. But he never hesitated to declare his principles. 
 His career in the Senate, if not specially brilliant, was 
 highly honorable. He measured his reasoning powers 
 with such men as Clay, Calhoun and others, on the subject 
 of slavery, and at one time so roused the ire of the oppo- 
 sition that a Southern member said he ought to be expelled. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 397 
 
 On February 9th, 1839, he made a memorable speech in 
 answer to Henry Clay, who took the side of the inhab- 
 itants of the District of Columbia in their petition to Con- 
 gress against interference on the question of the abolition 
 of slavery in the District. This speech produced a great 
 sensation. The Legislature of Virginia suggested his ex- 
 pulsion. But he was too radical for the conservatism of 
 the times, and a pro-slavery man was elected by his party 
 to fill his seat in the Senate. He met the defeat calmly, 
 and soon after joined the Liberty party. In August, 1843, 
 a national convention of this party was held at Buffalo, 
 more than a thousand delegates being in attendance. 
 James G. Birney was nominated for President, and Thomas 
 Morris for Vice-President. The ticket received 62,163 
 vote-. He did not long survive this candidacy. On the 
 7th day of December, 1844, with his intellectual powers 
 unimpaired by age, he was stricken down with apoplexy 
 He died on his homestead farm, four miles from Bethel 
 Clermont county, Ohio. He lies in the graveyard at 
 Bethel, an appropriately inscribed marble monument mark 
 ing the spot where rests one of Ohio’s most honored sons. 
 
 ^Vltf^OLDEN, WILLIAM HENRY, M. D., ex-Member 
 of the Ohio State Senate and House, was born in 
 Caroline county, Maryland, February 20th, 1827. 
 His parents also were natives of Maryland. His 
 father, Peter Holden, he lost while still very 
 young. His mother was then again married. 
 In 1836, or thereabout, he moved with his parents to Ohio, 
 and secured his preliminary education at the schools in 
 Guernsey county. At the age of nineteen years he engaged 
 in teaching school, and pursued this vocation during the 
 succeeding four years. He then commenced the study of 
 medicine with Dr. C. .S. McQueen, and attended Starlin 
 Medical College, at Columbus, Ohio, during 1851-52. In 
 1853 he removed to California, where he practised his pro 
 fession for about two years. On his return he was occupied 
 professionally in Perry county until 1858, when he again 
 attended Starling Medical College, and graduated from this 
 institution in 1859. I.ater, he returned to Perry county 
 where he practised until 1871, at which date he settled 
 Zanesville, now his home, and where he controls an exten- 
 sive business, probably the largest in the place. In 1861-62 
 he was a member of the lower House of the Legislature 
 from Perry county, and in the fall of 1869 was elected to 
 the State Senate from the counties of Perry and Mus- 
 kingum. In 1872 he was re-elected to the latter body, and 
 served continuously for a period of four years. For nine 
 years he was Town Treasurer of Monroe, Perry county 
 and has held other local offices. He has always been a 
 member of the Democratic party, and is one of its ablest 
 and most active workers. Throughout his life he has 
 travelled considerably ; has visited every .State in the 
 
 Union, also the West Indies, Mexico, Central America and 
 the isle of Cuba. He was married, November 20th, 1847, 
 to Miss Wilson, of Guernsey county, who died February 
 23d, 1S50. He was again married in March, 1853, to 
 Miss Hartley, of Athens county, Ohio. 
 
 HOMAS, REV. THOMAS E., D. D., was born 
 in Chelmsford, now a suburb of London, Eng- 
 land, December 23d, 1812. His father, Thomas 
 Thomas, was of Welsh descent. While a poor 
 lad, engaged in the humblest farm labor, his 
 piety and talent for extempore speaking attracted 
 the attention of a gentleman of wealth and liberality, who 
 offered to assist him in obtaining an education and prepar- 
 ing himself for the ministry. His offer was gratefully ac- 
 cepted by Mr. Thomas, who went at once to London and 
 entered Hoxton College. Though unable to write when 
 he reached London, his industry and perseverance carried 
 him rapidly through the elementary to the collegiate and 
 theological studies; and he was licensed to preach in two 
 years after he entered the college. He settled first in 
 Chelmsford, and soon after married Elizabeth Robinson, 
 the daughter of a London merchant. Here their eldest son 
 w'as born. He inherited from his father a clear and pow'cr- 
 ful mind, a poetic imagination and eloquent speech ; from 
 his mother a fine physical’ constitution and indomitable en- 
 ergy and perseverance. From both his parents he received 
 a conscientious and thorough training. His father emi- 
 grated to America in 1818. Landing in Baltimore he came 
 to Cincinnati, and there jtreached for two years to wdiat is 
 now the Second Presbyterian Church. He finally settled 
 in Venice, Butler county, where he had charge of an inde- 
 pendent church, conducted a private school and engaged at 
 different times in missionary labor throughout southern 
 Ohio and Indiana. Prepared for college by his father, the 
 subject of this sketch entered Miami University in 1829, 
 and graduated in 1834. He made a profession of faith in 
 Christ in 1831, and soon after resolved to devote his life to 
 the service of God in the ministry. He was licensed to 
 preach in 1836, and immediately accepted the charge of the 
 church at Harrison. In 1838 he became pastor of the 
 Presbyterian church in Hamilton, Ohio.. Here he labored 
 for ten years with marked ability and success. He W'as 
 elected President of Hanover College, Indiana, in 1849, 
 receiving his doctorate from Wabash College in 1850. In 
 1854 he resigned this position to accejrt the chair of Bibli- 
 cal Literature and Exegesis in New Albany Theological 
 Seminary. In 1857 the seminary was removed to Chicago, 
 and the two Professors, Drs. McMaster and Thomas, were 
 laid aside on account of their anti-slavery sentiments. Dr. 
 Thomas filled the pulpit of the First Church, in New 
 Albany, as stated supply, until the spring of 1858, when 
 he accepted the pastorate of the First Presbyterian Church 
 
398 
 
 BIOGRAFIIICAL ENCYCLOP.RDIA. 
 
 of Dayton, Ohio. Here, for thirteen years, he devoted his 
 matured powers, his wide stores of knowledge, and Ids un- 
 wearied etforls to the work of the ministry. In 1871 he 
 was elected to the chair of New Testament Greek and 
 Exegesis in Lane Theological Seminary; supplying, at the 
 same time, the pulpit of the Broadway Presbyterian Church, 
 Cincinnati, and aflerwards the pulpit of the Walnut Hills 
 Church, near the seminary. In the fourth year of his 
 labors in the seminary, he was called to enter into rest. 
 Physically, Dr. Thomas was of medium stature, strong in 
 constitution and solidly built. His voice was feeble, yet 
 melodious. He was a man of great force and earnestness 
 of character; an eloquent, logical, and polished speaker; 
 an instructive, devout, and impassioned preacher. He was 
 a prominent and fearless advocate of the anti-slavery cause, 
 when it was at no little cost that one could avow and defend 
 such opinions; and he was very influential in carrying the 
 Presbyterian Church to the position it now occupies on this 
 question. Throughout his life he was an enthusiastic 
 teacher, whether from the pulpit, the platform, or the class- 
 room ; and he was eminently successful in teaching. As a 
 theologian. Dr. Thomas held the Calvinistic opinions ex- 
 pressed in the confession of faith of the church which he 
 represented. But he was ever distinguished for his liberal- 
 ity and fraternal feeling towards evangelical Christians of 
 all denominations. His remains rest in Woodland Ceme- 
 tery, near Dayton. “After he had served his own genera- 
 tion, by the will of God, he fell in sleep.” 
 
 I 
 
 7 -^ 
 
 
 r? 
 
 O/D 
 
 E.\SLEE, JOHN B., Superintendent of the Public 
 Schools of Cincinnati, is a native of Plaiston, 
 New Hampshire, at which place he was born, 
 September 3d, 1S42. His family, which bears a 
 stainless reputation for honesty and integrity, is 
 one of the oldest in that State. His ancestors, 
 who landed at the port of Newbury in 1640, were among 
 the first inhabitants of northeastern Massachusetts, and 
 pioneers in the settlement of southern and central New 
 Hmipshire. Belonging to the Society of Friends, they 
 suffered in common with their sect the indignities and 
 proscriptions born of the religious intolerance of colonial 
 times. Of such circumstances, natural and artificial, as the 
 Quaker pioneers were subject to, is born the highest order 
 of manhood. Persecution, when that persecution is met 
 with the spirit exhibited by that religious sect, is invariably 
 the mother of courage, fortitude, and self-reliance. In 
 visiting curses upon the fathers it lavishes blessings upon 
 the children, as bear witness the vigorous manhood of 
 later generations of this family, a family noted, for private 
 worth and not undistinguished in the more extended walks 
 of life. From it the professions have drawn some of their 
 most useful and reputable members. Of recent years it 
 would perhaps be difficult to find a man more esteemed. 
 
 1 
 
 both in public and in private, as a citizen, lawyer, judge, 
 and second executive officer of the State, than Daniel 
 Peaslee, of Vermont. As a practical surgeon and as a 
 wiiter on the subject of surgery, Edmund R. Peaslee, of 
 New York, has the esteem and confidence of the medical 
 profession. Its ministers have been numerous and an honor 
 to the profession. The father of the subject of this sketch 
 was educated at Dartmouth College, and was for many 
 years a leading man in the State. He w'as a strenuous 
 advocate of advanced legislation, and in the Constitutional 
 Convention of 1850 he took a prominent part in the legisla- 
 tion which dispensed wdth religious and property qualifica- 
 tions for office-holding. His son, having obtained all the 
 benefits of the home district schobl, entered the academy 
 at Atkinson, New Hampshire, from which, after completing 
 the course, he passed to the Gilmonton Academy, an in- 
 stitution of considerable celebrity at that time, and was 
 graduated therefrom in 1858. The succeeding year he wms 
 admitted to Dartmouth College, from w’hich he was gradu- 
 ated with honor in 1S63. His oration at the commence- 
 ment, on the subject of the Polish Revolution, was gener- 
 ally noticed by the Eastern press as exceedingly able and 
 learned. Having completed his collegiate course, upon 
 the recommendation of President Lord, he w'as chosen 
 Principal of the Grammar .School of Columbus, Ohio. The 
 duties of this position he performed wdth such unifoim 
 faithluluess and success as to evoke the highest respect and 
 esteem of his school patrons, and to cause his resignation to 
 be deeply and universally regretted. From Columbus Mr. 
 Peaslee, in the fall of 1864, w'ent to Cincinnati to assume 
 the position of First Assistant in the Third District School 
 of that city. During the three years wdiich he held this 
 position, he had the honor of passing his pupils to the inter- 
 mediate schools at the head of the city, a fact the more to 
 his credit as during a part of this time he w'as a member 
 of the Cincinnati Law School. In 1865 he graduated from 
 the Law School and was admitted to the bar of Hamilton 
 county. Two years later he was made Principal of the 
 Fifth District School, a situation which he filled with such 
 
 success as greatly to increase the honorable popularity 
 already won, and secure his election to the first place in the 
 Second Intermediate School in 1869. Here he remained 
 till elected to the office of Superintendent of Schools in 
 1S74. This election, considering the carefulness with 
 ! wdiich educational bodies select their highest executive 
 officer, the respect they pay to talent, and their uncom- 
 promising antipathy to inefficiency, must be taken as a 
 valuable and just testimonial to his superior worth. More- 
 over, it is a fact, though not generally recognized, that few 
 positions, calling for high executive ability, are filled more 
 ably than that of Superintendent of Schools in the leading 
 cities of the United States. The occupants of this position 
 are, almost invariably, men of broad culture and excellent 
 understanding. The flourishing condition of the Cincinnati 
 schools, and the high tone of the instruction therein under 
 
^^dlary Pjili Cc 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 399 
 
 his superintendence, are ample assurance that he embodies 
 the higher characteristics of his office. Mr. Peaslee is also 
 a member of the Slate Board of E.xaminers, of which body 
 he is now the President. In the schools, since assuming 
 the duties of Superintendent, he has wrought many long- 
 needed reforms, for an understanding of the nature of 
 which his e.xtended experience in teaching, and consequent 
 intimate knowledge of the child capacity, had eminently 
 fitted him, while his originality of conception and inherent 
 independence of action have peculiarly qualified him for 
 carrying his projects into successful execution. 1 he cram- 
 ming process, as a consequence, has, so far as time would 
 allow, disappeared, and with it the injudicious selection of 
 work. Concerning complex trails of character, it may be 
 said of Mr. Peaslee — -as of every man that has ever been the 
 subject of biographical review — the record of his life is a 
 problem from which they are readily de'ermined. Solving, 
 we shall find him possessed of a character for industry 
 comprehending faithfulness yet transcending it, and of a 
 perseverance both energetic and untiring. Personal con- 
 tact with the man reveals immense social and professional 
 enthusiasm, noble generosity, and a fine and .sympathetic 
 nature. He is a man of positive character and magnetic 
 influence; one who, having taken a position, maintains it 
 with his w’hole strength. To these qualities must be added 
 that high sense of honor which forbids the sacrifice of 
 principle to policy. To summarize, we find in him the 
 distinguishing attributes of the excellent official and the 
 worthy citizen. 
 
 ERRV, NATHAN, Pioneer Merchant of Cleveland, 
 w'as born, in 1786, in Connecticut, and died, June 
 24th, 1865, in Cleveland, Ohio. His father. 
 Judge Nathan Perry, first came from Connecticut 
 to Ohio in 1796, and continued during that sea- 
 son with the surveyors, who were engaged in 
 running the boundaries of that portion of the Western Re- 
 serve lying on the ea.st side of the Cuyahoga river. The 
 judge removed with his family to Cleveland in 1806. 
 When Cuyahoga county was organized in 1809, he was 
 elected one of the judges of the new county. He died in 
 1813, leaving four children, a daughter who married Peter 
 M. Weddell, and three sons: Horatio, who settled in 
 Lorain county; Horace, who wa.s for many years county 
 clerk and recorder of Cuyahoga county, and who died in 
 1835, very generally respected and esteemed, and Nathan, 
 who settled at Black river in Lorain county, Ohio, in 1804, 
 and engaged in trade at that place. With great difficulty 
 he mastered the Indian dialect, and built up an extensive 
 trade with the tribes, which occupied all the territory west 
 of the Cuyahoga river. An incident of his life, given in 
 the “ Historical Collections of Ohio,” relates that in the 
 spring of 1807 a fishing expedition set out from Cleveland 
 for Maumee river. The vessel was a. Canadian bateau, on 
 
 j board of which there were goods, “ sent by Major Perry to 
 his son Nathan, at Black river, and a hired woman named 
 Mary, as a passenger to that place.” The bateau was 
 wrecked opposite what is now the township of Dover, and 
 all hands were lost save a Mr. Plumb, who escaped by 
 straddling the capsized boat and floating ashore, where he 
 remained, nearly perished with cold and exhaustion, untd 
 I news of the disaster reached Black river, when Nathan 
 Perry and Quintus F. Atkins went to that place in the night, 
 and lighting torches, found Mr. Plumb at the foot of a 
 perpendicular cliff, and hauled him up its face by means of 
 a rope — no easy task for men already worn down with the 
 fatigue of a night’s travel. In 1808 he removed from 
 Black river to Cleveland, and began trading at that place, 
 where for over twenty years he w'as the leading merchant. 
 His store and house were under one roof, on the corner of 
 Superior and Water streets, where is now located the Sec- 
 ond National Bank building. A few' years later, a brick 
 store and dwelling were erected on the lot, it being the 
 third brick building in Cleveland. On one occasion he 
 took twelve thousand dollars worth of furs to New York, 
 and followed the wagon containing them from Buffalo to 
 New York, where he encountered John Jacob Astor, who 
 was anxious to learn his price of the furs. He was sharply 
 informed that he could not have them at any price, for he 
 had made up his mind that he could do better with any 
 other person than with Mr. Astor, who was at that lime the 
 great fur merchant of the” country. Having a strong con- 
 stitution, great enei'gy and enterprise, he was well qualified 
 to encounter and overcome hardships, exposures, and perils 
 incident to the frontier life of the pioneer merchant of Ohio. 
 The merchant of that day transported his goods from 
 Philadelphia to Pittsburgh in wagotrs, and thence to Cleve- 
 land on pack horses or by ox-team ; and then barter'ed 
 them with the Indians for all kinds of commodities. Mr. 
 Perry formed an opinion at once, and therr rarely yielded 
 it. He was never known to relent or change his decision. 
 When those lips were once firmly compressed, it was under- 
 stood that there was no use of further talking, as the case 
 was decided. The char ter for the village of Cleveland was 
 granted in December, 1814, and he was one of the trustees 
 elected at the first village election in the following June. 
 He invested largely in real estate, which increased in value 
 enormously, and made him, at the time of his death, very 
 wealthy. A large portion of his extensive real estate pos- 
 sessions in the heart of the city were purchased at fr'om 
 five to ten dollars per acre. His last illness was of about 
 five weeks duration. Paralysis set in first in the lower ex- 
 tremities, and gradually w'orked up until it reached his 
 heart. He was married in 1816 to a daughter of Cajrtain 
 Abram Skinner, of Painesville. His .son, Oliver Hazard, 
 ^ named after Commodor e O. H. Perry, the hero of the battle 
 j of Lake Erie, and a distant relative of the family, met with 
 a melarrcholy death from a railroad accident, in December, 
 I 1864. His only daughter was married to Hon. H. B. 
 
400 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 Payne, of Cleveland. His eldest grandson and namesake, 
 Hon. Nathan P. Payne, was elected Mayor of Cleveland in 
 April, 1875. 
 
 G/^gs 
 
 2 ^ MITH, SAMUEL MITCHEL, M. D., Physician, 
 was born in Greenfield, Highland county, Ohio, 
 on November 28th, 1816. He was the only 
 child of Samuel and Nancy (Mitchel) Smith. 
 His mother dying a few days after his birth, he 
 lived several years with his grandparents, when 
 his father was again married to Sarah Galloway, sister of 
 the late Hon. Samuel Galloway, and took him home. He 
 spent his youth with his father’s family on the farm and 
 attending public school until he arrived at the age for 
 preparation for college, when he was placed under the in- 
 struction of Dr. Carulhers, a man of wisdom and learning. 
 During this time he received the impressions and cultivated 
 the principles which exerted such an influence on the years 
 of his maturity. He was very early in life associated with 
 the little band that patiently worked long before the abolition 
 of slavery was generally contemplated as probable or even 
 possible. In the fall of 1832 he entered Miami University, 
 at Oxford, and graduated in 1836 in the class with Hon. 
 William Dennison, John G. Deshler, Chauncy N. Olds, 
 George M. Parsons, and other prominent citizens of Colum- 
 bus. During one of his vacations Dr. Smith assisted in 
 nursing the son of a neighbor, and becoming impressed with 
 the idea that a physician had a wide field of usefulness, he 
 shaped his thoughts with the ultimate view of studying medi- 
 cine. After his graduation he determined to devote his 
 attention fora time to teaching. His friend. Professor Mc- 
 Ciuffey, recommended him to a school in Kentucky. He 
 went to that State with the intention of availing himself of 
 the recommendation, but while remaining one night at a 
 hotel he heard the cries of a woman undergoing punishment 
 incident to the times of slavery. Such associations were 
 revolting to him, and he determined to cast his lot in a free 
 State. He crossed the river to Rising Sun, Indiana, and 
 assumed charge of the academy there. He taught for two 
 years, attending one course of medical lectures in Cincinnati 
 during the time, and reading with Dr. Morrison, of Rising 
 Sun. After a second course of lectures in Cincinnati he 
 went to Philadelphia, where he gr.aduated in the University 
 of Pennsylvania. In the same city he connected himself 
 with the Old School Presbyterian Church. In after years 
 he was an elder in the Second Presbyterian Church of Co- 
 lumbus, during the pastorate of Rev. Mr. Hitchcock. After 
 supplying himself with a stock of medicines, a proceeding 
 indispensable in the profession at that day, he went to his 
 home in Highland county. While undecided as to where 
 he should locate, he heard of a vacancy in the Central Ohio 
 Lunatic Asylum, then under the superintendence of Dr. 
 William M. Awl, of Columbus, and secured the appointment 
 of Assistant Physician, entering upon his duties about the 
 
 1st of August, 1840. He remained in this position about 
 three years, entering earnestly into the duties of his office, 
 and taking a warm interest in the affairs of the asylum. He 
 planted many of the trees that now adorn East Park Place, 
 formerly the asylum grounds. Erom the practical knowl- 
 edge he gained here he was enabled to give special attention 
 to the subject of insanity in his subsequent practice. On the 
 loth of July, 1843, a.sylum to enter upon his gen- 
 
 eral practice of medicine in Columbus. During that summer 
 he was married to Susan H. Anthony, eldest daughter of 
 Hon. Charles Anthony, of Springfield. He continued in 
 the practice of medicine, his business growing, and when 
 Willoughby Medical College was removed to this city he 
 was appointed to the chair of materia medica. At the time 
 of the establishment of Starling Medical College, about the 
 year 1848, he was appointed by Lyne Starling a member of 
 the first Board of Trustees, and during his subsequent con- 
 tinuous connection with the college served at different times 
 as Professor of Materia Medica, Professor of Theory and 
 Practice, and Dean of the Faculty. In 1873 he was ap- 
 pointed Emeritus Professor in the college. During the 
 memorable cholera scourge of 1849 Dr. Smith was unceas- 
 ing, faithful and fearless in his practice, and passed through 
 like labor again in 1859. He was appointed by Salmon P. 
 Chase, then Governor of Ohio, Trustee of the Central Ohio 
 Lunatic Asylum, in which position he served for eighteen 
 years, most of the time as President of the Board. When 
 the war broke out he was anxious to enter the army, but 
 was persuaded that he could do better service in othe? ways. 
 He was a member of the Board of Examiners of Army Sur- 
 geons at Camp Chase, and took charge of several expeditions 
 to bring home wounded soldiers — one trip to Fort Dennison, 
 five to Pittsburgh Landing, one to Nashville, and one to 
 Stone river. On his return from one of these trips he 
 Irrought an oak sapling which had been split by a cannon 
 ball, and planted it in Capitol Square, where it is now 
 growing. He was appointed Surgeon-General of Ohio by 
 Governor Tod, and during his term had heavy work in 
 sending surgeons to the field and attending to his large gen- 
 eral practice. Among his other services of a public char- 
 acter, Dr. Smith was Examiner of Pensions, and while in 
 the performance of his duties kept a valuable record of dif- 
 ferent accounts of battles given by the soldiers applying for 
 pensions. He was also Physician for the Deaf and Dumb 
 Institute. In 1865 he became one of the proprietors of the 
 Ohio State yournal, in association with his son-in-law, the 
 present editor. General Comly. In politics he was a warm 
 Republican, making political speeches occasionally, and in 
 1871 he allowed his name to be used in connection with the 
 State Senatorship. In the summer of 1872 he made a visit 
 to Europe, and attended as a delegate the International 
 Prison Reform Convention in I.ondon, where his views 
 were received with warm approbation. At the time he left 
 for Europe he was in declining health, and expected benefit 
 from the trip, but this he did not receive, and under sore 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOICEDI A. 
 
 401 
 
 domestic affliction he failed perceptibly. He still continued 
 his practice, although much enfeebled ; delivered the most 
 of his course of lectures at the college, and commenced the 
 final examination in March, when his task was interrupted 
 by a stroke of paralysis, which affected the muscles of his 
 face, but in no way inv'olved his mind. He spent some 
 months in New Orleans, receiving benefit, and returned 
 home in June. He died November 30th, 1874, aged fifty- 
 eight years. Dr. Smith was an untiring worker, a man of 
 large intellectual capacity and extensive and profound 
 knowledge. He was a student all his life, keeping pace 
 with the advancement of his profession. With a broad com- 
 prehension of the duties entailed on those who care for the 
 sick, and with conscientious application to those duties, he 
 was a man capable of doing great good, and never lost an 
 opportunity of exercising his powers until his unceasing 
 vigilance undermined his health. He was an active helper 
 of young men, and systematic and liberal in his charities. 
 One of his special desires was the establishment of a city 
 hospital, and he was always ready to extend aid to it. In 
 all his relations in life he was honorable, faithful and kind. 
 
 OBLE, COLONEL JOHN, was born in Lancaster 
 county, Pennsylvania, November 15th, 1789. He 
 was of Scotch-Irish descent. From his native 
 place he removed in early years with his father’s 
 family to Emmittsburg, P'rederick county, Mary- 
 land, growing to manhood in a mechanical pur- 
 suit. He found the old institution of slavery chafed his 
 free and^ independent spirit, and induced his father to emi- 
 grate to Ohio, where they arrived in 1811. He first passed 
 through Lancaster on the 3d of May, 181 1, more than sixty 
 years ago, and after seeing his father and mother located on 
 a beautiful farm near Tarlton, Pickaway county, Ohio, he 
 returned to Lancaster to commence his long and active 
 career. P'ull of the enterprise and energy so well suited to 
 pioneer life, he soon made himself known and felt as a 
 valuable accession to the new and growing town. He did 
 not limit himself to one pursuit, but engaged in many. Me- 
 chanical and mercantile ventures were his earliest endeavors 
 — at one time pushing his business at home, again going to 
 the frontier among the army with merchandise, or away 
 down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers with flatboat loads of 
 produce and wares, he seemed endowed with the energy 
 of many. At home he was always ready to take a leading 
 ])art with his fellow-citizens in the necessary improvements 
 to be made on schools, market-places, etc., or join in cele- 
 brating an anniversary or the beginning of any public work. 
 Thus his early manhood passed. In 1819 he commenced 
 hotel-keeping in Lancaster. This business in later years 
 took him to Columbus, thence to Cincinnati, and gave him 
 at one time the largest acquaintance in the .State. In March, 
 1832, he first came to Columbus to take charge of the old 
 
 5 « 
 
 National Hotel, the forerunner of the present Neil House. 
 This house he kept until 1839, at a time when all the East- 
 ern and Western travel passed through Columbus in stage- 
 coaches along the National road. Thousands who became 
 settlers of Ohio and other Western States thus made the per- 
 sonal acquaintance of Colonel Noble, and remember him 
 with pleasure. In 1840 he removed to Cincinnati and took 
 charge of the Dennison House, remaining there until 1845. 
 He then returned to Columbus, and represented Franklin 
 county in the Ohio House of Representatives. In 1847 he 
 took the Pearl .Street House in Cincinnati, keeping it until 
 1850, .when he returned to Columbus for his permanent 
 home. In the hotel busine.ss he became widely known in 
 southern Ohio, where he had a large body of friends ever 
 ready to greet him warmly when he visited there, as he did 
 a few months before his death. This brief outline will give 
 an idea of the private pursuits in which he was engaged, but 
 will convey only a partial impression of his busy life. While 
 in Columbus he served for many years as a member of the 
 City Council, part of the time as President. He was the first 
 person who undertook to improve Broad street, which from 
 Fourth to Fifth was an almost impassable swamp, He also 
 was one of the committee to plant the trees that make it so 
 beautiful now. He rejoiced in any advance of city. State 
 or nation, and without any inclination to be a politician, he 
 was a large-hearted, spirited, patriotic citizen, ready to par- 
 ticipate in every good work. He also wrote and published 
 sketches of his early experience and recollections in the local 
 papers. The characteristics of Colonel Noble were energy, 
 self-reliance, strict integrity and independence. He had no 
 vices. He died January 23d, 1871, aged eighty-two years. 
 The military title was aerjuired after the war of 1812, at the 
 time when there was a general reorganization of the volun- 
 teer militia of Ohio. 
 
 YMMES, HON. JOHN CLEVES, was born at 
 Riverhead, on Long Island, July 21st, 1742. Re- 
 ceiving a good but not classic education, he be- 
 came a school-teacher and surveyor. In the war 
 of the Revolution he espoused the cause of the 
 colonists, though in what capacity he served is not 
 known. He was in the battle of Saratoga. After the war 
 he removed to New Jersey, where he became Chief-Justice 
 of the State, and at one time represented it in Congress. As 
 early as 1787 he began to negotiate for the purchase of lands 
 in the Northwest Territory. The coveted land, about one 
 million acres, lay between the two Miamis. P'inally a con- 
 tract for this number of acres was signed by himself and 
 others, at sixty-six cents per acre, payable in instalments. 
 But the troubled state of the country, caused by hostility of 
 the Indians to the proposed settlement, led to their failure 
 in fulfilling the terms of the contract. But in the s|iring of 
 1794 he and others effected the irurchase of 248,000 acres. 
 In the meantime he had taken up his residence at North 
 
402 
 
 BIOGkAPIIICAL ENCVCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 Bend, which town he had founded, and which in the pio- 
 neer days was the rival of Cincinnati. He took up his resi- 
 dence there in the spring of 1789. He was among the most 
 energetic and influential of the early pioneers, and had a 
 method of dealing with the Indians which made them more 
 friendly toward him than to the great majority of his white 
 brethren. Indeed he was more than once assured by these 
 children of the forest that his life had been thus far spared 
 because of his kindness to them. He died at Cincinnati, 
 February 26th, 1814, having passed the allotted threescore 
 and ten. He was buried at North Bend, where a quarter 
 of a century later were laid the remains of President Har- 
 rison. A part of the inscription on his tomb reads that he 
 “ made the first settlement between the Miami rivers.” 
 
 'NRIGHT, MICHAEL J., Clerk of Courts in Lucas 
 county, Ohio, was born on March 5th, 1845, 
 Cincinnati, Ohio, of Irish parentage. The family 
 removed to Toledo in May, 1853, and that place 
 continued to be his home for several years. His 
 early education he received entirely at home at 
 the hands of his parents, both of whom were very highly 
 educated people, his father having been professor of lan- 
 guages in an English college, and his mother being a writer 
 of considerable note. In 1859 his mother died, and soon 
 after that event he was sent to Notre Dame University, in 
 Indiana, where he remained until 1862. Then he took the 
 war fever, which jirevailed so universally among the youth 
 of the whole country, and study and school were unsuited 
 to his mood. He returned to Toledo, and without his father’s 
 knowledge he enlisted as a private in the tilth Regiment 
 Ohio Infantry. He was a young soldier, being only seventeen 
 years old at the time of his enlistment, but he proved to be 
 a good one. He went with his regiment to the Army of the 
 Ohio, under General Buell, and participated in the cam- 
 paigns of that army. He took part in the pursuit and cap- 
 ture of lohn Morgan, the bold raider ; in the E.ist Tennessee 
 campaign of General Burnside; in the Atlanta campaign, 
 and in the P'ranklin and Nashville campaigns under General 
 Thomas. After the battle of Nashville his regiment was 
 transferred to North Carolina, and he took part in the cap- 
 ture of Fort Anderson and Wilmington. He was slightly 
 wounded at Dallas, and was captured by Wheeler’s cavalry 
 at Kingston, Georgia, but made his escape while crossing 
 the Etowah river. He was promoted to a lieutenancy for 
 meritorious behavior, and was mustered out of the service 
 with his regiment in 1865. On leaving the army he returned 
 to Toledo, and obtained employment there as entry clerk in 
 a wholesale di-y -goods store. He continued in this position 
 until 1867. In the fall of that year he went to New York, 
 and was employed there first as bookkeeper and then as 
 manager of a wholesale rectifying house. In the summer 
 of 1 868 he went into business on his own account at Mount 
 
 Vernon, New York, but did not meet with success; so after 
 a brief experience he sold out and returned to Toledo, where 
 he obtained employment with Chase, Ishervvood & Co., one 
 of the largest tobacco manufacturing houses in the West. 
 In the year 1870 he was appointed Deputy Sheriff of Lucas 
 county, and in 1872 he was elected Clerk of Courts in that 
 county on the Republican ticket, receiving 563 majority. 
 In 1875 he was re-elected to the position, receiving this time 
 a majority of 1716, leading his ticket and scoring the largest 
 majority ever received by a Republican candidate in that 
 county. His father, who died shortly after the son’s return 
 from the army, had always been a pronounced Democrat, 
 but Michael’s earliest political sympathies were with the 
 Republican party, and he has always been a staunch ad- 
 herent of that organization ; and his love of republican 
 principles and institutions is not weakened by the recollec- 
 tion that his mother, Anna Theresa Mahon, was a niece 
 of the late Sir Peter Mahon, an officer of high rank in the 
 British army in India. Michael Enright was married in 
 1872 to Amelia A. Purdy, of Toledo, Ohio. 
 
 OREY, REY. ALEXANDER B., was born, No- 
 vember 13th, 1837, in Mechanicsville, Saratoga 
 county. New York, and is of Scotch and Irish 
 descent. In 1853 he completed his academic 
 course at Cambridge, Washington county,. New 
 York, and three years later his collegiate course 
 by graduating from Union College, Schenectady, New York. 
 He then spent one year teaching and travelling in Missis- 
 sippi. The Albany Presbytery licensed him to preach in 
 1859, and in i860 he graduated at the Theological School 
 at Princeton, New Jersey. He then spent six months as a 
 missionary in southern Illinois, and at the expiration of that 
 time was settled as the pastor of the Presbyterian Church of 
 Franklin, Indiana, where he remained eleven years. On 
 the first Sunday of May, 1871, he became the pastor of the 
 Fifth Presbyterian Church of Cincinnati, where he is still 
 retained and dearly beloved by all of his people. Mr. 
 Morey is remarkable for his clear and logical reasoning in 
 the pulpit ; for the very radical position he has always main- 
 tained, taking advanced grounds in religion, advocating the 
 rights of women, especially to preach in the pulpit. In 1874, 
 in opposition to nearly all of the Presbyterian clergymen of 
 Cincinnati, he introduced in his pulpit Miss Sarah Smiley, 
 who preached a most eloquent sermon. The church was 
 crowded long before it was time for the services to begin, 
 and hundreds were unable to gain admittance. He has also 
 advocated lay preaching, although in this he has had many 
 powerful ministers of his denomination to oppose him. He 
 has always been a most reliable friend and advocate of the 
 temperance reform. When the Sons of Temperance can find 
 no other orator they are sure of Mr. Morey’s eloquent ser- 
 vices. In the Sabbath -school he is perhaps the most ener- 
 
B 1 0 ( R A P H I C A L E N C V C LO P. E I) I A . 
 
 403 
 
 getic and successful worker of any pastor in the city. He 
 has great influence with the young people of his church 
 and congregation, by whom he is very higldy esteemed. 
 He is by no means ministerial in appearance, but is one of 
 the most sociable, genial and lovable men in the city. He 
 was married, April 19th, 1861, to Josephine Harman, 
 of Schenectady, New York. 
 
 |ERKIN.S, JACOB, Capitalist, was born in Warren, 
 Trumbull county, Ohio, .September 1st, 1822, and 
 was the second son of Simon Perkins. He was 
 of studious disposition from boyhood, and after a 
 thorough preparation in Burton Academy, Ohio, 
 and at Middletown, Connecticut, he entered Vale 
 College, in 1837. He was noted among his classmates for 
 his literary and oratorical abilities, delivering the philosophic 
 oration at his junior exhibition, and being chosen second 
 editor of the Yale Literary Magazine, a position he filled 
 to the satisfaction and pride of his classmates. His strength 
 was not sufficient to enable him to continue his studies and 
 other additional literary labor, and before the close of his 
 junior year he was obliged to relinquish his studies, and 
 go home without graduating with his own class. The next 
 year, his health having greatly improved, he returned and 
 graduated with the class of 1842. Erom college, he re- 
 turned to his home and remained in his father’s office until 
 his father’s death, and then, with his brothers, was engaged 
 some time in settling the large estate. He was frequently 
 called to address the people on public occasions, and always 
 most eloquently. Early he became interested in politics, 
 and made many effective speeches, advocating the principles 
 of the anti-slavery siile, which at that time was not in 
 popular favor. In 1848 he made a very bold speech, de- 
 claring that every human being had a right to own himself ; 
 it attracted much attention, because of its clearness and 
 unanswerable arguments. In 1851 he was chosen by the 
 people of his district to represent them in the Constitutional 
 Convention, which framed the State Constitution which was 
 ado|)ted that year. His political principles placed him with 
 the minority in that body, but his influence and position 
 were equalled by very few of those In llic majority. He 
 never held but one other political position, that of Senatorial 
 Presidential Elector for Ohio, in 1856, on the Fremont 
 ticket. Being an earnest friend to all educational enter- 
 prises, it was his suggestion and persistence which induced 
 the authorities of Western Reserve College to adopt the 
 conditions of a permanent fund rather than to solicit un- 
 conditional contributions; and he and his brothers made 
 the first contribution to that fund. This permanent fund 
 saved the college in subsequent years, when the institution 
 became crippled and emliarrassed by dissensions. Another 
 noble and generous act was in uniting with two others in 
 purchasing the grounds for Woodland Cemetery, in Warren, 
 
 and, after beautifying them, transferring the property to the 
 existing corporation. In 1853 work was commenced for 
 building the Cleveland &; Mahoning Railroad. The com- 
 pany, of which he was President, he having been very in- 
 fluential in procuring the charter, had but a small stock 
 subscription, and the tightening of the money market worked 
 to prevent much increase. The bonds were disposed of 
 with great difficulty, and when the financial crisis came the 
 road was still unfinished, and the bonds could not be sold. 
 Railroads which were to connect with the Mahoning, to 
 prolong the route to the sea, were abandoned, and the 
 prospects were thus more gloomy. One of two things had 
 to be done : either abandon the enterprise and lose all that 
 had been done, or complete it, at th** risk of the private 
 fortunes of the managers, from Cleveland to the coal fields. 
 They chose the latter, by Mr. Perkins agreeing, in case of 
 disaster, to pay the first one hundred thousand dollars of 
 loss, and to share equally with the others in any further loss. 
 In 1854 he went to England to raise money, but was un- 
 successful. In 1856 the road was completed to Youngs- 
 town, and the development of the coal and iron business 
 commenced. In June, 1857, his wife, to whom he was 
 most devotedly attached, died of consumjrtion ; and his 
 close attention to her sick-bed broke down his constitution. 
 The next winter he spent in the Southern States, and the 
 summer of 1858 he returned again to the South; but his 
 disease was beyond cure, and on the 12th of January, 1850, 
 he died in Havana, Cuba. His remains were embalmed 
 and brought home, and interred in his beautiful Woodland 
 Cemetery, in Warren. Richly endowed with natural gifts, 
 he sacrificed, in the interest of humanity and freedom, all 
 hope of a political career he was so well fitted to adorn. 
 He cheerfully laid on the altar for the public benefit, ease, 
 wealth, health, and his fond love of study. Oile of his last 
 remarks was that on his tomb stone might justly be en- 
 graved : “ Died of the Mahoning Railroad.” He was 
 married, October 24th, 1850, to Elizabeth O. Tod, daughter 
 of Dr. J. I. Tod, of Milton, Trumbull county, Ohio. His 
 wife and two of his three children died before his own 
 death. His son, Jacob B. Perkins, is still living. 
 
 ROOK, GENER.AI. GEORGE, was born near 
 D.ayton, Ohio, September 8th, 1828. He entered 
 West Point in 1848, and in 1852 was appointed 
 to a Brevet Second Lieutenancy in a regiment 
 serving in California. He saw much service in 
 the Indian country, and was once severely 
 wounded. He was promoted to a Cajitaincy in the regular 
 army. May 4th, l86l. Leaving fsan h'rancisco for New 
 York in August of this year, upon his arrival he was ten- 
 dered the Colonelcy of the 36th Ohio Infantry. Accepting 
 the position, he at once entered active service. Plarly in 
 the spring of 1862 he was placed in command of the Third 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EAXVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 404 
 
 Brigade of the Army of West Virginia, and on the 24th of 
 May defeated the rebel General Heath, capturing all his 
 artillery and many of his men. In July he was transferred 
 to the Army of the Potomac, and later took a prominent 
 part in the battles of South Mountain and Antietam. P'or 
 services in these campaigns he was made a Brigadier-Gen- 
 eral of Volunteers, and placed in command of the Kanawha 
 Division, composed almost entirely of Ohio troops. At the 
 retiuest of Rosecrans, in January, 1863, he was transferred 
 to the Army of the Cumberland, being placed in command 
 of the Second Cavalry Division. He commanded it at the 
 battle of Chickamauga, and immediately thereafter was 
 despatched in pursuit of the raiding General Wheeler, 
 whom he badly routed and sent flying in confusion. For 
 this he was recommended for promotion by Thomas and 
 Rosecrans. In February, 1S64, he was assigned to the 
 command of the Third Division, Department of West Vir- 
 ginia. In the spring, with this command, he displayed his 
 excellent fighting qualities, being engaged in several battles 
 and innumerable skirmishes, and in two months having 
 marched nine hundred miles, and crossed the Blue Ridge 
 and Alleghenies sixteen times. He lost, in killed and 
 wounded, in this arduous campaign nearly one-third of his 
 command, but captured ten pieces of artillery and nearly 
 two thousand prisoners. On July 20th, 1864, he was brev- 
 etted Major-General, and placed in command of the De- 
 partment of West Virginia. He was ordered to follow 
 Early up the Shenandoah Valley, and to make his track a 
 • waste. With a small. and poorly-equipped force he made 
 this attempt, but was met by a superior force and driven 
 back. When Sheridan organized the Army of the Shenan- 
 doah, the Army of West Virginia became a part of it, and 
 the commander of the Latter was conspicuous in all its 
 movements. For gallantry at the battles of Opequan and 
 Fisher’s Hill, he was recommended by Sheridan (after the 
 war) for promotion to the rank of Brevet Major-General in 
 the regular army. After the successful fall campaign in 
 the Shenandoah Valley in 1S64, he was m.ade a full Major- 
 General of Volunteers, and his army went into winter-quar- 
 ters. On the 2 1st of February, 1865, by the adroit move- 
 ment of a party of guerillas in Federal uniform, he was 
 taken prisoner from his private room at his head-quarters 
 at Cumberland, Maryland. The guerillas were pursued at 
 once, but escaped with their prize, and it was not until a 
 month after that the general was exchanged. Returning to 
 his old command, he was the next day transferred to the 
 command of the cavalry of the Army of the Potomac. He 
 bore a brilliant and conspicuous part in the closing scenes 
 about Richmond. After the surrender, when Sheridan was 
 sent to take command in the Southwest, he was placed in 
 command of the Cavalry Corps, which he retained until 
 relieved at his own request. In August. 1865, he was or- 
 dered to report to General Schofield, in the Department of 
 North Carolina, and was assigned to the command of the 
 District of Wilmington. On January 15th, 1866, he was 
 
 honorably mustered out of the volunteer service, and again 
 entered the regular army, where he at present holds the 
 rank of Brigadier-General. He has been for several years 
 on frontier duty, and but few regular army officers have 
 been more conspicuous than he since the close of the war. 
 Thoroughly conversant with the Indian mode of warfare, 
 he is called upon to direct some of the most important 
 movements against unruly tribes, and has the reputation of 
 being one of the very few good Indian fighters in the service. 
 
 erf^ 5 
 
 ' 'core, DAVID HASTINGS, D.D., President of 
 Cincinnati Wesleyan Female College, was born 
 near Athens, Ohio, September 4th, 1838. His 
 (p ^ father is a well-known and influential citizen, who 
 u has served honorably in various civil capacities, 
 including that of Representative in Congress. 
 The Moores and Hastings, from whom he descended on 
 his father’s side, are old Massachusetts families, and his 
 maternal ancestors, the Barkers and Harpers, were also 
 Eastern people. While a student in college, David was 
 converted with the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1855. 
 Soon thereafter he was licensed, first as exhorter, then as 
 local preacher, and, under the direction of his professors 
 and the ministers, preached very frequently during the re- 
 mainder of his course. In i860 he graduated with honor 
 from the Ohio L'niversity. June 21st, i860, he was married 
 to Julia S. Carpenter, of Athens. In September of the 
 same year he was admitted at Gallipolis as a probationer 
 into the Ohio Conference, and sent to Bainbridge circuit. 
 One year later he was stationed at Whitney Chapel, Mari- 
 etta. The war of the rebellion having broken out, he 
 stumped Washington qounty under the direction of the 
 Military Commission, and aided in recruiting the 63d and 
 77th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. In May, 1S62, he volun- 
 teered in a three months’ company to aid in defending the 
 national capital. The company had a large proportion of 
 students from Marietta College, and when he was elected 
 Captain, two seniors were chosen lieutenants. This event- 
 ually became Company A of the 87th Regiment of the 
 Ohio Volunteer Infantry. After four months’ faithful ser- 
 vice, he shared in the humiliation of Miles’ surrender of 
 Harper’s F’erry. Having been exchanged, the regiment 
 was reorganized for three years, but failing to fill up, was 
 consolidated with another detachment, as the 125th, a 
 regiment that General Thomas dubbed, on the battle-field 
 of Chickamauga, the “ Ohio Tigers,” and which, under 
 Colonel, afterwards Major-General, Opdycke, achieved a 
 splendid reputation. In the consolidation Captain Moore 
 lost the position of Lieutenant-Colonel, to which he had 
 been assigned. However, he was suffered to remain out 
 but a short time, and then, on the petition of all the field 
 and line officers of the 125th, was commissioned by Gover- 
 nor Tod as M.ajor,and detailed to recruit the two companies 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 405 
 
 which the regiment still lacked. This he did, and having 
 despatched Company I to the regiment he followed with 
 Company K to the Army of the Cumberland, then in East 
 Tennessee. Colonel Opdycke having been detailed to 
 command a brigade. Major Moore, promoted now to Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonej, commanded the regiment and shared in the 
 trials and triumphs of the famous Atlanta campaign. When 
 Atlanta fell, seeing the beginning of the end, shattered in 
 health and feeling that he had exhausted his leave of ab- 
 sence from the pulpit, he resigned his commLssion and 
 returned to civil life. He was immediately called as 
 supply to Bigelow Chapel, Columbus. In the autumn of 
 1865 he was stationed at Second Street, Zanesville; in 
 1868 at St. Paul, Delaware; in 1870 at Wesley Chapel, Co- 
 lumbus; in 1872 transferred to Cincinnati and stationed at 
 Trinity. This important charge he served until his term ex- 
 pired by limitation, in August, 1875. Meantime he had been 
 unanimously elected President of the Cincinnati Wesleyan 
 College, one of the largest female colleges in the United 
 States. He was inaugurated June loth, and entered upon his 
 duties September l6th, 1875. On June 24th, 1875, the Ohio 
 Wesleyan University honored him by conferring the degree 
 of Diviniiatis Doctor. 
 
 "^EDRICK, HENRY, Insurance Agent, was born 
 in Fleming county, Kentucky, on December 25th, 
 1810, of American and German parentage. About 
 the year 1814 his father removed with his family 
 from Kentucky to Clarke county, Ohio, where he 
 purchased a large tract of land and established 
 himself thereon as a successful farmer. He continued in 
 the prosperous cultivation of his farm until the time of his 
 death. Henry received his education at the common schools 
 of the county, attending school in the winter and working 
 on his father’s farm in the summer until he was twenty 
 years of age. Then he commenced teaching school in the 
 village near his father’s place, and continued teaching there 
 for six months. In 1831, when he had attained his majority, 
 he entered a mercantile house in Springfield, Ohio, and 
 after serving there a few years as a clerk he became a part- 
 ner in the firm. He remained there, engaged in mercantile 
 business, until the summer of 1855. During his residence 
 in Springfield he held most of the offices in the Methodist 
 Church. He was Trustee, Treasurer and Secretary of the 
 Ohio Conference High School, and for more than forty 
 years, covering the time of his residence at Springfield, and 
 a considerable portion of his subsequent residence at Cin- 
 cinnati, he was an active worker, as teacher, secretary and 
 superintendent in the Sabbath-school. In the fall of 1855 
 he removed from Springfield to Cincinnati, and there en- 
 gaged in the insurance business. In the year 1863, in 
 connection with R. M. Bishop, A. D. Bullock, Lowell 
 Pdetcher, William F. Thorne and others, he organized the 
 Ohio Valley P'ire and Marine Insurance Company, of which 
 
 I company he was President for three years, managing its 
 affairs with very great success. Since January, 1866, he 
 has given his time and attention almost entirely to the in- 
 terests of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New 
 York, the representative of which he has been since the 
 spring of 1856. He has conducted the business of this 
 great corporation with great success and in a manner satis- 
 factory to all parties, and has witnessed and aided in its 
 development from the possession of assets amounting to 
 some 53,000,000 to its present condition, when its assets 
 amount to $75,000,000. Henry Hedrick was married on 
 the 30th of August, 1836, to Mary J. Werden, a resident of 
 Springfield, Ohio. 
 
 I 
 
 OLMES, ENOS, Physician, was born on January 
 13th, 1821, in Tuscarawas (now Carroll) county, 
 Ohio. He was the fourth of a family of twelve 
 children, whose parents v'ere Enos H. and Mary 
 ^ ^ (Wilkins) Holmes. On the father’s side he is of 
 Scotch descent, his father’s ancestors having emi- 
 grated from Scotland to this country and settled in New 
 Jersey. His paternal grandfather, Jacob Holmes, was in 
 early life a resident of Pennsylvania. He removed thence 
 with his family to Virginia, and thence to Ohio, where he 
 settled in Jefferson county in its very early days, and was 
 one of the leading pioneers of that region, when to be a 
 pioneer meant much more than it does in our day. The 
 task of founding a new settlement, far away from the old 
 established haunts of civilization, is a sufficiently hard and 
 trying task, even when the surroundings are peaceful and 
 there is only the unbroken prairie to bring under cultiva- 
 tion. But the pioneers of Ohio had still harder experiences 
 and still greater privations to endure. They had not only 
 to make a home, but they had to make a place for that 
 home by felling the forest and bringing the soil, with in- 
 finite labor, into a condition to cultivate. Worst and most 
 trying of all, they were surrounded on all sides by furious 
 savages, who rendered their lives and their homes at all 
 times insecure. To cope with such surroundings and to 
 conquer such difficulties required men who were men : men 
 who were brave to the heart’s core and manly in every 
 fibre. Such a man was Jacob Holmes. In common with 
 the other brave men about him, he endured and triumphed 
 over all the hardships and jrrivations inseparable from the 
 task he had undertaken. He was an active participant in 
 the early Indian wars of Ohio, and won great distinction as 
 an intrepid and successful Indian spy and scout. As was 
 very often the case, his undaunted courage was supple- 
 mented by the finer and higher attributes of humanity, and 
 by a serious regard for religion, which his constant nearness 
 to death developed, instead of quenching. He was hos- 
 pitable to the last degree, as was the case with most of the 
 pioneers. His cabin in the wilderness was always open to 
 all in need of a cordial welcome, a helping hand and an 
 
4o6 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 encouraging word. Particularly was tliis the case with all 
 the laborers in the cause of the Methodist Church in the 
 wilderness. He was never weary of forwarding the efforts 
 and lightening the labors of such men, and as soon as a 
 church was known in the wilderness he became a zealous 
 member of the organization and labored efficiently for its 
 interests. He married Elizabeth Huff, daughter of Michael 
 and Hannah (Doddridge) Huff. The latter was a sister 
 of the celebrated Philip, Joseph and Benjamin Doddridge, 
 of Virginia, the Doddridges being a family of the highest 
 intellectual, social and political jiosition in the best days of 
 the Old Dominion, and of historical celebrity .as well. 
 Many of them were associated with the pioneer settlement 
 of Ohio, and the names of all of them are familiar to 
 Ohioans, either through history, tradition or personal ac- 
 quaintance. The son of Jacob and Elizabeth Holmes, 
 Enos H. Holmes, was born in Pennsylvania, and removed 
 with his parents to Ohio in those early pioneer days. He 
 was the woithy son of a worthy sire, and became a man 
 widely known in pioneer annals. He inherited from his 
 parents a devout and earnest nature, and this early de- 
 veloped in him to fervent religious zeal. He became an 
 ardent and efficient laborer in the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, and his long life was devoted to promoting its 
 interests and its growth in the wilderness of Ohio. He was 
 thoroughly imbued with the spirit of his work, and labored 
 first as a local and then as a circuit preacher. His en- 
 deavors were eminently successful, and his associates in the 
 church for over thirty years were men of eminence in the 
 history of Ohio Methodism. His hospitality was extended 
 alike to the rich and the poor, and his house was the wel- 
 come home of the weary workers in the cause he so zeal- 
 ously espoused. He continued his labors to within a few 
 days of his death, in 1871. His wife, Mary Wilkins, was a 
 native of Harrison county, Ohio, and was a daughter of 
 Robert Wilkins, a farmer and one of the pioneers of that 
 county. She was through a long and laborious life the effi- 
 cient helpmeet of her husband, and her death occurred in 
 1870, a year before he finished his labors. It was from such 
 ancestry that Dr. Enos Holmes sprung. His life, until he 
 was seventeen years of age, was passed upon a farm, and 
 his education up to that time was obtained at the ordinary 
 log school house of the frontier settlement, in the winter 
 months, when the active labors of the farm were suspended. 
 He had early decided that he would adopt the medical 
 profession, and in 1837 he commenced the reading of 
 medicine at Leesburg, Highland county, near which place 
 his father had settled in 1831. In the year 1843, after 
 having completed a thorough course of medical studies and 
 received his diploma with the degree of M. D., he com- 
 menced the practice of his profession at New Petersburg, 
 in the same county. In the winter of 1847 and 1S48 he 
 attended lectures at the first session of the Starling Medical 
 College, at Columbus, Ohio, and graduated from that in- 
 stitution in 1848. He did not in the meantime, however. 
 
 relinquish his profe.ssional labors, but continued to prose- 
 cute them in connection with his studies and exertions as a 
 student. He subsequently practised with great success at 
 New Petersburg until 1856. In that year he removed to 
 Hillsborough, Highland county, where he has continued to 
 reside ever since. He is in possession of an extended and 
 successful practice, and enjoys the entire and well-merited 
 confidence of the community in which he lives. He .stands 
 high in the esteem of his professional brethren, and is a 
 member of the Highland County Medical Society. During 
 the war of the rebellion he served, by the appointment of 
 Governor Tod, as Examining Surgeon, and while acting in 
 that capacity was stationed at Milliken’s Bend and Young’s 
 Point, Tennessee, and at various places in Kentucky and 
 Ohio. All through the war, and for three years afterwards, 
 he was assiduously engaged in medico-military duties. He 
 is an earnest and consistent member of the Methodist 
 Church, and, like his father and his grandfather before 
 him, he has rendered efficient service in promoting the in- 
 terests of that body. Politically he is a Democrat. From 
 earliest manhood he was a strong anti-slavery man, and has 
 always opposed oppression in every form. He holds that 
 these principles, embodied in the policy of the Democratic 
 party, constitute the true basis for the government of the 
 nation. In 1875 he was the nominee, on the regular 
 Democratic ticket, for the position of State Senator. The 
 characteristics of his Scotch-Irish ancestry are very evenly 
 balanced in his constitution, the attributes of the shrewd, 
 far-seeing Scot being complemented by those of the impul- 
 sive and more mercurial Celt. His fine social qualities 
 render him universally popular, while he is equally es- 
 teemed for his professional skill and his scholarly attain- 
 ments. He was married in 1840 to Eliza A. Huff, daughter 
 of Eleazer Huff, an early pioneer of Highland county. 
 She died in 1847, and in 1849 he married, for his second 
 wife, Cynthia A. Hulitt, daughter of Britton C. Hulitt, an- 
 I other of Highland county’s pioneers. She died in 1852, and 
 j he married again in l 855 > taking for his wife Anna Jones, 
 j daughter of John Jones, also of Highland county, and, like 
 Mr. Huff and Mr. Hulitt, one of its earliest pioneers. 
 
 UTTON, WAYLAND W., the Alderman from the 
 First Ward of the city of Cincinnati and one of 
 the presiding officers of the Board, is a merchant 
 in avocation. He is a native of Clermont county, 
 Ohio, and is now forty-two years old. His an- 
 cestry were among the old pioneer stock of Cler- 
 mont county, where his father, William D. Sutton, was for 
 many years a prominent and successful merchant and an 
 influential citizen. He attended the best schools of his 
 native county until the opening of Antioch College, when 
 he entered this institution as one of the first students, and 
 was enrolled by Dr. Horace Mann. In 1854 he relin- 
 
¥ . 
 
 i 
 
 
 • 5 . ' ■ i ■ / 
 
 
 f 
 
<-«i^Pub Co Ihiltii’- 
 
 
BIOGRAnilCAL ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 407 
 
 guished college life and entered the store of his father, and 
 there remained until 1S56, when he engaged in business in 
 Cincinnati on his own account. His father dying in 1858, 
 he returned to Amelia, and there remained in business until 
 1864. He then established himself permanently in the 
 Queen City, where he now conducts the leading retail dry- 
 goods house of the place, on Pearl .street* He has won an 
 envi.able position in Cincinnati, both as an able and success- 
 ful business man and as a public-spirited and energetic citi- 
 zen. He has never been what is known as a seeker after 
 office. Very reluctantly, in 1S73, at the urgent solicitation 
 of his friends, he accepted a nomination for the Board of 
 Aldermen — it was the higher compliment, inasmuch as in 
 that ward reside an unusually large number of able and 
 wealthy citizens. In 1875 he was re-elected to the Board 
 over a highly popular citizen, who had been for many years 
 an active and efficient member of the City Council. In 
 1862 Mr. Sutton was married to a daughter of the late 
 Colonel Jacob Ebersole, for many years one of the most 
 prominent citizens of Clermont county. As intimated, had 
 it not been foreign to his tastes, which were entirely for 
 business pursuits, an official career both of emolument and 
 honor might have been pursued by him with success. 
 
 OLGATE, WILLIAM CURTIS, Lawyer, Capi- 
 talist, and Landowner, was born, November 23d, 
 1814, at Burlington, Vermont, of American 
 parentage, and of English and Scotch ancestry. 
 He has in his possession an ancient English coat 
 of arms, without date, and of which he has no 
 knowledge, save that it has been handed down from his 
 ancestors. The first of these who came to America was 
 his great-grandfather, on his father’s side, who came whilst 
 we were colonies of Great Britain, as a surgeon of the 
 British army. He died and was buried at sea between 
 Bo.ston and Halifax, whilst in this service. He left one 
 son, who at seventeen, being without a home, enlisted as a 
 private in the British army, then engaged in the old 
 “ French war,” prevailing in America prior to our Revolu- 
 tion. This ancestor, at the close of this war, married a 
 daughter of Captain Kathan, a Scotchman, who had settled 
 upon the Connecticut river near the site of Brattleboro’, 
 Vermont, and had purchased the fine bottom-lands along 
 that river, for a distance of nine miles. On his mother’s 
 side, whose maiden name was Prentice, one great-uncle 
 assisted in throwing the tea into Boston harbor; another 
 was killed at the battle of Bunker Hill; and a third was 
 killed at Burgoyne’s surrender. The eminent editor of the 
 Louisville Journal descended from this Prentice family. 
 Mr. Holgate was prepared for college at the academy in 
 Utica, New York, and a select school in the same city ; 
 and about the year 1832 entered Hamilton College, from 
 which institution he graduated in the summer of 1835 ; in 
 
 1841 he received the degree of A. M. from his Alma Mater. 
 After leaving college he commenced the study of law with 
 Willard Crafts in Utica, and remained with him until April, 
 1836, when he removed to Defiance, Ohio. At this place 
 he entered the law office of Horace Sessions, with whom 
 he concluded his studies, and was admitted to the bar of 
 the Supreme Court of Ohio, in the summer of 1838. On 
 the death (about that time) of George T. Hickcox, clerk 
 of the court, he was appointed to succeed him, which posi- 
 tion he resigned in the spring of 1839, to accept the office 
 of Prosecuting Attorney for Williams county, and as such 
 commenced his first practice of the larv. The present 
 Chief-Justice of the United States, Hon. M. R. Waite, about 
 this time delivered his “ maiden speech ” in the small brick 
 building, now occupied by Hon. Henry Hardy, on the east 
 side of the old public square, which was then the court 
 house of Williams county, in a case wherein Mr. Holgate 
 was the opposing counsel, the Hon. A. P. Edgerton, now 
 of Fort Wayne, was Mr. W’aite’s client, and the Hon. 
 Emery D. Potter, of Toledo, was the presiding judge; and 
 this, too, was also the first of Mr. Holgate’s cases in a 
 court of record. In January, 1845, he drafted the bill to 
 erect the county of Defiance, and by his persistent efforts 
 and in the face of a well-organized and powerful opposition, 
 the bill became a law March 4th, of the same year. He 
 was active in the organization of the first agricultural 
 society for the county, in 1848 ; and in successfully initiating 
 the movement for an annual fair, in 1851. He was ever 
 vigilant in promoting manufacturing and kindred enter- 
 prises, and in the projection and construction of roads, and 
 the care of all public interests affecting the town and county. 
 In the years 1851-52 the business prospects of Defiance 
 seemed likely to be lost by the construction of railroads 
 passing it on all sides, and at some distance. F'oreseeing 
 and fearing this danger, by most untiring and unremitting 
 efforts he succeeded in securing to the town the Toledo, 
 Wabash & Western Railway. In 1853 his health became 
 very precarious ; owing partly to climatic influences and 
 partly to over exertions on account of railways and in his 
 profe.ssion, and with a partial attack with congestion of the 
 brain, he became seriously threatened with apojilexy. 
 Unable to read or write, for the greater part of the suc- 
 ceeding twelve years, he relinquished the practice of law', 
 which he has never resumed. In March, 1864, when the 
 land granted to the town, fourteen years previously, for the 
 Defiance Female Seminary, had been forfeited for non- 
 payment, and a bill w'as on its passage in the Legislature, 
 requiring the State Auditor to sell the same, he visited 
 Columbus, and by his personal efforts succeeded in securing 
 the pa.ssage of an act, authorizing the lands to be deeded on 
 payment of the necessary amount. This amount Mr. Hol- 
 gate and Horace Sessions, since deceased, advanced, and 
 so these lands, embracing 1280 acres with their growing 
 avails, were retained and secured to the town. In the year 
 1869, w’ith a realizing sense of the very great-importance 
 
4o8 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 of a direct railroad route, from the southern bend of Lalce 
 Michigan to the centres of commerce on the Atlantic coast, 
 and with a full faith and almost an inspiration that such a 
 route would be established, he organized a company for 
 that object in Ohio, which was followed liy one connecting 
 ■with it in Indiana to Illinois. Now again was begun by 
 him a diligent and unceasing work in the cause of another 
 railway, that was to pass through his town. Chicago, 
 Pittsburgh, New York, Baltimore, and the towns on line in 
 Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania were visited. 
 Dropping all other business, with an energy that was un- 
 tiring and a watchfulness that was sleepless, his work cul- 
 minated in attracting the attention of the Baltimore & Ohio 
 Railroad Company to the route in 1S71, and in their adop- 
 tion of it f<4r their Chicago extension in 1872, and its con- 
 struction in 1S73-74. Mr. llolgate has been a Director in 
 this new road since its organization. He is President of 
 the Defiance Manufacturing Company; also of the new 
 Defiance Savings Bank. He is one of the most extensive 
 real estate owners and dealers in northwestern Ohio. He 
 was formerly a Whig, is now a Republican. Was married 
 in 1851. His wife dying in June, 1865, left him a widower, 
 in which state he has continued. He has two children, 
 a son who recently attained full age, and a married daughter 
 o*^ nineteen. 
 
 lASONGOOD, JACOB, Merchant and Banker, 
 was born in Burgkunstadt, on the river Main, 
 District of Upper Franconia, Bavaria, November 
 I4lh, 1814. His parents, although in comforta- 
 ble circumstances, were of limited education, but 
 enabled doubtless by th.at very fact to set upon 
 learning its true and high value, wisely resolved to secure to 
 their offspring the advantages which had not been attainable 
 for themselves. He was accordingly placed under a private 
 tutor to learn the English and French languages, and at- 
 tended subsequently the common schools of his native town. 
 In 1S28, having attained the age at which the law required 
 the selection of a trade or profession, he chose, after due 
 deliberation, the' trade of weaver, and was apprenticed to 
 Jandorf Fiiedman, a cloth manufacturer of Burgkunstadt, 
 with whom he served his full term of three years, afterward 
 receiving his certificate as journeyman. In accordance with 
 the invariable custom of tlie day, he then travelled from 
 place to place, finding employment at journey work in 
 several of the leading establishments of Saxony, Prussia, 
 and Wurtemberg. In 1837, after an absence of seven years, 
 he returned home to find his beloved mother dead, and his 
 father unable to add one hundred and sixty florins to the 
 four hundred and sixty, which, by the exercise of rigid 
 economy, he had saved from his scanty earnings, that he 
 might gratify his ambition and start a factory of his own. 
 Failing in this project, he determined to seek fortune in 
 America. Then, having organized a party of comrades, 
 
 also willing to enter a new field of labor, he strove success- 
 fully against the dissuasions of his family, and started with 
 them, in a wagon, for Bremen, where they arrived after a 
 journey of fourteen days. All then took “passage between 
 decks in the ‘ Constitution.’ ” After a voyage of ten weeks, 
 the travellers landed in New York city, July 21st, 1837. 
 His possessions at^his date were, in all, seventy-five dollars, 
 American money. A financial crisis had paralyzed trade, 
 and after a persistent but fruitless search for employment, 
 he determined to invest his remaining capital in goods, 
 with which he could start anew as peddler in the city. 
 Ultimately, however, the depression of business, and his 
 lack of fluency in speaking English, induced him to turn 
 his face to the West. In September, 1837, after having 
 worked by day, and by night travelled by boat, v/a the Erie 
 canal, he found himself at Chillicothe, Ohio, then the west- 
 ern head-quarters of German peddlers. Here he labored 
 for a period with untiring energy and zeal, then moved to 
 Cincinnati, Ohio, and formed a copartnership with Philip 
 Heidelbach, under the firm-style of Heidelbach & Season- 
 good. Subsequently the partners sustained their peri- 
 patetic commerce with much success, and conducted a 
 thriving business in the counties environing the city, then 
 containing about four thousand inhabitants. The year 
 1840 saw them possessed of a capital sufficiently large to 
 permit the relinquishment of the •laborious system of ped- 
 dling, and in March of that year they established a retail 
 clothing store at Front and Sycamore streets, Cincinnati, 
 Ohio. Fortune favored this enterprise to such an extent 
 that in 1S42 the co-workers opened a jobbing and retail 
 dry-goods house, on Main street near Pearl street, and, as 
 the conduct of the two houses involved a greater amount 
 of labor and responsibility, admitted into partnership two 
 younger brothers of Pliilip Heidelbach, and the firm-name 
 was changed to Heidelbach, Seasongood & Co. The busi- 
 ness, meeting with prosperity on every side, soon outgrew 
 its original quarters, and eventually was removed to the 
 commodious building at No. 18 Pearl street. The house 
 purchased also the lot on which the Front street clothing 
 store was situated, and, after erecting a suitable building, 
 engaged extensively in the manufacture of clothing, thus 
 giving needed employment to many destitute and suffering 
 families. The business on Front street rapidly developed 
 into a wholesale trade, and it was then decided to concen- 
 trate the two houses in the fine buiiding at Third and Main 
 streets, which was secured at an annual rental of five 
 thousand dollars. In 1S60 the business was again removed 
 to the superb building at Third and Vine streets, erected 
 by the partners to meet the wants of their ever-increasing 
 trade, and carefully fitted with every convenience. From 
 i860, the date of organization, until 1868, he was a partner 
 in the banking-house of Espry, Heidelbach & Co. Upon 
 the dissolution of this partnership, at the latter date, the 
 partnership also which existed between him and Philip 
 Heidelbach was dissolved, after a successful and harmoni- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 409 
 
 ous association of over thirty years. The new firm of 
 J. & L. Seasongood & Co. was then formed. This house, 
 still in prosperous life, continues the business at the old 
 stand, and retains its prestige as the leading cloth house of 
 the city. In the spring of 1864 he returned to Europe, and 
 sought at the famous Kissingen Springs the re-establishment 
 of his failing health, taking with him his two sons, \lftom 
 he left at the college of Professor Ilohagen, in Frankfort- 
 on-the-Main, where they remained three years for the pur- 
 pose of completing their education. He then visited his 
 former employers, with whom he now sustains business 
 relations of an important nature, and also the home of his 
 childhood, which was marred only by the demise of his 
 father, who, at the age of eighty-nine years, had passed 
 away in 1855. The banking-house of Seasongood, Notter 
 & Co. was formed January 15th, 1870, and, having speedily 
 outgrown its original quarters, was, in February, 1873, re- 
 moved to the handsome building, erected by the firm to 
 meet its wants, at 74 West Third street, where the business 
 is now successfully prosecuted. He has been for nearly a 
 quarter of a century a Director of the Hebrew Relief 
 Society, and for many years Director of the Jewish Hospital, 
 and Trustee of the Mound Street Temple and Broadway 
 Synagogue. Over the latter institution he presided for two 
 terms, having been the first President under the Reform 
 movement, inaugurated by Rev. Dr. Max Lilienlhal. He 
 now enjoys the legitimate fruits of enterprise and honest 
 labor, and is happy as the patriarch of an affectionate family, 
 whose rev’ered centre he is, each of his married daughters 
 residing in houses adjoining the homestead on Eighth 
 street. He Is unassuming but liberal in his chaiitable 
 works, and has, on many occasions, given generously of 
 his means to denominational and public charities; and to 
 his encouragement and material assistance many of his 
 countrymen, now prosperous merchants, owe their present 
 business success. He was married, April 3d, 1839, to 
 Lena Kiefer, a lady of excellent attainments, by whom he 
 has had eight children ; of those six survive : Emma, the 
 wife of his partner, Lewis Seasongood; Laura; Jennie, the 
 wife of Joseph Bohm, of Bohm, Mach & Co. ; Julia, the 
 wife of Julius Reis, of Reis Brothers & Co., President of 
 the Cincinnati Board of Aldermen ; and Adolph and 
 Charles, who are associated with him in business. 
 
 .MES, WEBSTER, Chief Clerk of the Office of 
 the Solicitor of United Slates Treasury, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Ohio, October 6th, 1834. His 
 parents were Lazel and Mary E. (Candler) 
 Elmes. Having graduated at the High School 
 of Philadelphia, at the age of eighteen he re- 
 turned to Cincinnati and entered the law office of Salmon 
 P. Chase and Flamen Ball. Here he rpialified himself for 
 legal practice, was admitted to the bar in 1858 and engaged 
 
 52 
 
 in the duties of his profession until the breaking out of the 
 war. During his residence in Clifton, a suburban town of 
 Cincinnati, he was honored by being chosen Mayor of the 
 town. In 1861 he removed to Washington to accept a posi- 
 tion under the government. January, 1S71, he was ap- 
 pointed Chief Clerk of the office of the Solicitor of the 
 Treasury, the duties in this position being more conge- 
 nial and in keeping with his professional training as a law- 
 yer. His continuance in positions of honor and trust for a 
 period of fifteen years bears ample testimony to his ability 
 and integrity as a public servant. He was married in June, 
 1864, to Rosa E. S. White, daughter of Littleton S. White, 
 of Maryland. 
 
 ERION, NATHANIEL, was born in Franklin- 
 county, Ohio, February l6lh, 1814, of French 
 descent. His father was William Merion, of 
 Massachusetts : his mother, Sally Wait, of Dex- 
 ter, New York. He received his education 
 principally in log-cabin school -houses near his 
 home, south of Columbus. He remained with his father 
 on the farm until that parent’s death, in 1837, and then with 
 his mother until he was thirty-three, with the exception of 
 a short period of independence. When about twenty years 
 old he, like many boys, felt equal to the task of taking care 
 of himself, and left his home, with the knowledge of his 
 parents. They, wisely, made no effort to retain him or 
 bring him back ; and after visiting Cincinnati and Ports- 
 mouth, and being left without money at the mercy of 
 strangers, <luring a spell of sipkness, he willingly, of his 
 own accord, returned to his home. His coming, as his 
 going, excited no comment, and affairs went on as usual, 
 until November 8th, 1846, when he married Madeline 
 Watkins. He was for over ten years Superintendent of 
 Wood’s Starch h'actory, and for several years engaged in 
 real estate business. In August, 1861, he was appointed 
 Commissary of Subsistence by President I.incoln, and held 
 this position until June, 1862, under General Rosecrans 
 and General Milroy, at Beverly, West Virginia. At this 
 time he resigned from ill health. He was appointed 
 Warden of the Penitentiary in July, 1862; was legislated 
 out in April, 1863, but afterward reappointed for two 
 years, and served for that length of time. At the ex- 
 piration of this term of office he engaged in and is still 
 carrying on the grocery business, under the style of N. 
 Merion & Co., the Co. being his son Frank. In May, 
 1873, he was elected President of the Central Bank, which 
 position he still holds. In early life Mr. Merion was a 
 Whig, and on the dissolution of that party became, and is 
 at the present time, a Liberal Republican. Mr. Merion has 
 always taken an active interest in the affairs and growth 
 of the city, and justly merits the high esteem and regard in 
 which he is held by his fellow-citizens. 
 
UlUGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOr.KlJIA. 
 
 410 
 
 C'1||||(|IIIPPLE, COMMODORE ABRAHAM, Pioneer 
 fc III I Settler, was born in Providence, Rhode Island, 
 in 1733. He was a descendant of John Whipple, 
 one of the original proprietors of the Providence 
 Plantations, and an associate of Roger Williams. 
 His eaily education was very imperfect, and a 
 seafaring life fell to the lot of his youth. At one time he 
 commanded a privateer, fitted out to prey upon Spanish 
 commerce. He also commanded a vessel in the East India 
 trade. Early in the commencement of the troubles between 
 the mother country and the colonists, he boarded and burnt 
 the British schooner “ Gaspe,” stationed in Narragansett 
 Bay to enforce the maritime laws. In June, I775> 
 appointed to the command of an armed schooner in the 
 cause of the colonists, and soon cleared Narragansett Bay 
 of all British “ floats.” To this gallant officer is given the 
 credit of firing the first naval gun in the cause of American 
 independence. He served in the navy throughout the war 
 of the Revolution, but his exploits in that field find a more 
 fitting place in the history of the L'nited States. He was 
 among the boldest and most successful of America’s naval 
 commanders. On the formation of the Ohio Company he 
 emigrated to Marietta, Ohio, with his wife and son. In the 
 year 1800 he commanded a small vessel, built, rigged, and 
 loaded at Marietta for New Orleans. It was named “ .St. 
 Clair,” in honor of the governor of the Northwest Territory. 
 In May, 1801, he was given command of this vessel, which 
 was loaded with pork and flour. In July he reached New 
 Orleans. The “ St. Clair” was the first rigged vessel ever 
 built on the Ohio river, and he had the honor of conducting 
 her to the ocean. He never attempted another voyage, 
 being now advanced in years. lo early life he was married 
 to Sar.ah Hopkins, sister of Governor Hopkins, of his native 
 .State, who bore him three children. In 1811 Congress al- 
 lowed him half-pay as Captain in the navy, which made him 
 comfortable for the balance of his days. His only son never 
 married, and the family name has not been perpetuated, al- 
 though the descendants of his daughters are numerous. He 
 died at the residence of a widowed daughter near Marietta, 
 May 29th, 1819, after a short illness, the death of his aged 
 partner having occurred about six months previous. They 
 lie buried side by side at Marietta. 
 
 UTNAM, GENERAL RL’FUS, Pioneer Settler and 
 P'ottnder ot Marietta, Ohio, was born in M.assa- 
 chusetts, April 8th, 1738. At nineteen he had 
 learned the trade of millwright, and entered the 
 military service against the French and Indians. 
 At the close of this war he ranked as Ensign, but 
 left the service to follow his trade, at the same time studving 
 mathematics and surveying. In the war of the Revolution 
 he entered the ranks of the colonists, and served with honor 
 all through the contest th.at followed. He was always held 
 
 in high esteem by General Washington, and often took part 
 in military conferences with his distinguished chief. At the 
 close of the war he was created a Brigadier-General for 
 faithful services in the cause. In 1787 he was appointed 
 Superintendent of the affairs of the Ohio Company, and in 
 Apiil, 178S, began the settlement of Marietta. In 1789 
 Present Washington appointed him to a Judgeship in the 
 Northwest Territory, and in 1792 he was made a Brigadier- 
 General to serve against the Indians, but resigned on ac- 
 count of ill health. In 1796 he was appointed Surveyor- 
 General of the United .States, serving in that position until 
 1803. He was a member of the convention that framed a 
 constitution for the new State of Ohio, when age and failing 
 strength admonished him to withdraw from the activities of 
 life. He lived many years thereafter, however, dying at 
 Marietta, May ist, 1824. In person he was tall and com- 
 manding, and his mind was cast in a mould that made him 
 scrupulously exact in the fulfilment of public duties. 
 
 T. CLAIR, GENERAL ARTHUR, First Governor 
 of the Northwest Territory, was born in Scotland 
 in 1734. He received a classical education, and 
 afterwards studied medicine. Having a taste for 
 military life, he obtained the appointment of Sub- 
 altern in the British army. He was under Wolfe 
 at the storming of Quebec, but never achieved any fame as 
 a soldier while in the service of the mother country. After 
 the peace of 1763 he was assigned to the command of Fort 
 Ligonier, in Pennsylvania, and received there a grant of one 
 thousand acres of land. Prior to the war of the Revolution 
 he held several civil offices. When the war broke out he 
 espoused the cause of the colonists, and was appointed a 
 Colonel of Continentals. A month after the Declaration of 
 Independence he was made a Brigadier-General. He after- 
 wards becamea Major-General, and was ordered to take com- 
 mand of Fort Ticonderoga. On the approach of Burgoyne he 
 abandoned it. For this he was charged with everything 
 that would compromise the dignity and character of a sol- 
 dier. Before a court-martial, however, he thoroughly vindi- 
 cated his course, showing that the evacuation of Ticonderoga 
 only hastened the surrender of Burgoyne, and that his 
 strategy contributed no little to that great event in the his- 
 tory of the war of the Revolution. Congress sustained the 
 verdict of acquittal, and he served with credit until peace 
 was declared. In 1785, while residing on his farm at Ligo- 
 nier, Pennsylvania, he was appointed a delegate to the Con- 
 tinental Congress, and soon after chosen President of that 
 august body. After the passage of an act for the government 
 of the Northwestern Territory, he was appointed its Governor 
 in October, 1787. In this position he continued until he 
 was removed by President Jefferson in the winter of 1802-3, 
 a period of some fifteen years. In his official life he was 
 noted for his extreme simplicity of manner and easy address. 
 

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 411 
 
 The most conspicuous event in his military life was the 
 battle which has passed into history as “ St. Clair’s Defeat.” 
 This battle — or massacre, as by some it is termed — took 
 place. November 4th, 1791, within the limits of what is now 
 D.irke county, named after a gallant officer of St. Clair’s 
 command. An expedition had been fitted out having for its 
 object the establishment of a military post at what is now 
 known as Fort Wayne, Indiana.' The army was suddenly 
 attacked by a superior force of Indians, and, after a fierce 
 but unequal fight, retreated in great confusion and disorder. 
 Many historians have censured the general in command, 
 but there is ample testimony that his personal bravery was 
 very conspicuous, and that he did his best to stem the tide 
 of defe.at. Many brave officers were sacrificed, and the gen- 
 eral himself narrowly escaped, having four horses shot. No 
 more horrible tale of butchery is chronicled in the annals of 
 our Indian wars. While the disaster was deplored by the 
 entire country. President Washington did not lose confi- 
 dence in General St. Clair. After his removal from the 
 Governorship of the Territory, he returned to the Ligonier 
 valley, aged and impoverished, and resided with a widowed 
 daughter. The bounty of his friends would not allow him 
 to absolutely want for the necessaries of life, yet he lived for 
 years in poverty. Congress refused to recognize a claim 
 which he deferred pressing until this very emergency, and 
 after spending considerable time in Washington in making 
 vain appeals, the old soldier returned home thoroughly dis- 
 couraged. But the Legislature of Pennsylvania, recognizing 
 his eminent services, granted him an annuity of three hun- 
 dred dollars, which w.as afterwards raised to six hundred 
 and fifty. He did not live long to enjoy it, however. He 
 died August 31st, 1S18, from injuries received by the 
 running away of his horse. 
 
 |.\RRY, GENERAL AUGU.STL'.S C., was born in 
 Trenton, New Jersey, in 1S28. His parents 
 were English people, and removed to Cincinnati 
 while Augu.stus was quite young. Being left an 
 orphan soon after, he was apprenticed to learn the 
 trade of turner, and afterwards established him- 
 self in that business. When the war broke out he entered 
 the volunteer service as Major of the 2d Ohio Infantry. At 
 the first battle of Bull Run he was early in the fight, and in 
 the retreat his regiment repelled the attacks of the enemy’s 
 cavalry. When he returned to Cincinnati with his brave 
 command, he was given an enthusiastic recejition, about a 
 hundred thousand people taking part in the exercises. He 
 entered the three years’ service as Major of the 47th Ohio 
 Infantry, and joined the army under Rosecr.ans. In August, 
 1862, he’ was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel, and in Janu- 
 ary, 1863, to a full Colonelcy, in the meantime having dis- 
 jilayed his soldierly qualities on many hard-fought fields. 
 At Vicksburg he served with credit, at one time being tem- 
 
 porarily in command of a brigade. Twice after this he held 
 commands far above his rank. At Kenesaw Mountain he 
 was severely wounded, but recovered in time to join in 
 “ the march to the sea.” In the assault on Fort McAllister, 
 under General Hazen, he was the first field officer to enter 
 the enemy’s works. At the close of the war he was bre- 
 vetted Brigadier-General. In the fall of 1865 he was 
 elected Treasurer of Hamilton county on the Republican 
 ticket. He died in December, 1S66, of consumption. 
 
 DDEL, THOMAS, M. D., was born in Seneca, 
 Haldimand county, Canada West, October 13th, 
 1843. His parents are natives of the north of 
 Ireland. His literary and preliminary education 
 was obtained in the common schools of Canada, 
 his professional education at the medical depart- 
 ment of the University of Buffalo, and the University of 
 Wooster. Until his twenty-second year was attained he 
 worked on his father’s farm, but having a strong desire to 
 enter the profession of medicine, he went to Buffalo in 1865 
 and became a student in the office of Professor Samuel W. 
 vVetmore, M. D., then Demonstrator of Anatomy in the 
 University of Buffalo. After attending a course of lectures 
 in this institution in’ 1866-67, his health and financial re- 
 sources failing him simultaneously, he was engaged tempo- 
 rarily in travelling through the West in the interests of a 
 life insurance company. In 1870 he attended lectures in 
 the medical department of the W’ooster University, at Cleve- 
 land, Ohio. He then acted as Prosector to the Chair of 
 Anatomy, and on graduating in 1871 was elected valedic- 
 torian of the graduating class. Upon his removal to Char- 
 don, Geauga county, Ohio, he entered upon the practice of 
 his profession, and met with unexpected success. In De- 
 cember, 1873, he settled in Toledo, Ohio, where he now 
 resides engaged in the control of an extensive and growing 
 practice. He is a member of the Ohio State Medical So- 
 ciety, and a member and officer of the Toledo Medical Asso- 
 ciation. In politics he is a Republican. He was married 
 in 1S69 to Lizzie Lawrence, of Iowa. 
 
 r 'I 
 
 IKOFF, HON. ALLEN T., was born in Adams 
 county, Ohio, November 15th, 1825, being the 
 son of John and Nancy (Jones) Wikoff, the former 
 of whom followed the occupation of a farmer. 
 <■0 He was educated in the common schools of his 
 native county, and by private study. He started 
 in life as a farmer, which he followed until 1862, when he 
 entered the army as Lieutenant of Company I, 91st Ohio 
 Volunteer Infantry, and served in the army of West Virginia. 
 He remained in the service three years, and in 1863 was 
 advanced to the position of Captain. In 1871 he was ap- 
 
412 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP-LDIA. 
 
 pointed Chief Clerk in the office of the Secretary of State of 
 Ohio, and discharged the duties of that position until elected 
 himself as Secretary of State on the Republican ticket in 
 1872. In this capacity, fulfilling the trusts devolving upon 
 him, he served from January, 1873, until January, 1875. 
 The Republicans in 1874 renominated him by acclamation 
 for the office. The opposition triumphed at the polls, and 
 Mr. Wikoff suffered the fate of the others on his ticket. 
 He prepared with great care an unusually valuable statistical 
 report relative to the political affairs of the State, the facts 
 and figures of which were collated after troublesome labor. 
 The work presented much that was of use and interest rela- 
 tive to pohtics in a convenient form. Mr. Wikoff, after his 
 service in the army, read law, and was admitted to the bar 
 in 1866. Ever since 1874 he has been Chairman of the 
 State Republican Committee, and in January, 1876, was ap- 
 pointed Adjutant-General on the staff of Governor Hayes, 
 which office he still holds. He was married to Angeline 
 Collier, of Adams county, on December 2d, 1852, by 
 whom he has had seven children, four of whom survive. 
 He now resides at Columbus. 
 
 JRAILEY, MOSES RANDOLPH, Lawyer and 
 Brigadier-General United States Volunteers, was 
 born, November 2d, 1816, at Canandaigua, New 
 , York, of American parents, and of English and 
 
 Irish descent. He received an elementary edu- 
 cation in the common schools of Buffalo, New 
 York, which he supplemented afterwards by close study in 
 leisure hours. After leaving school he was engaged in 
 sailing vessels on Lake Erie, in which he continued for five 
 years, when, on account of the superior abilities he displayed, 
 he was, in the autumn of 1835, 'mde mate of the steamer 
 “ Sheldon Thompson,” which post he filled for two seasons. 
 After leaving tlTe steamer he removed to Ohio, in 1837, w'here 
 he embarked in the lumber business, and also in farrrting at 
 Norwalk, which he continued for five years, during w'hich 
 time he was elected Justice of the Peace for Norwalk, and 
 served as such for a term of six years. While he occupied 
 this position he read law with Hon. E. M. -Stone, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1846, and remained in Norwalk, 
 practising his profession, until 1857. In the fall of 1852 he 
 was elected Prosecuting Attorney for Huron county, Ohio, 
 and re-elected in 1854, his term expiring in 1856. He re- 
 moved to Eulton county in 1857, where he continued his 
 law practice until the autumn of 1858, when he was elected 
 Prosecuting Attorney for that county, and was re-elected in 
 i860. He filled this position until 1861, when the civil 
 war broke out, and he enlisted in the three months’ service, 
 and on August 21st of the same year was named Captain of 
 Company I of the 38th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 
 for three years’ service. He was wounded in a skirmish near 
 Mill Springs, Kentucky, and discharged from the service on 
 
 that account in March, 1862. In the following month of 
 May he was made Captain of Company G of the S5th Regi- 
 ment Ohio Infantry, and on August 28th was transferred to 
 the tilth Ohio, and promoted to the rank of Major, and 
 went to the field in command of that regiment. He partici- 
 pated in the battles of Frankfort and Perryville, Kentucky, 
 and in January, 1863, advanced to the grade of Lieutenant- 
 Colonel. He was in the battles of Rochester and Lenoir, 
 Tennessee, in the autumn of 1863, and was brevetted a 
 Colonel in the regular army and Brigadier-General of Vol- 
 unteers for gallantry on the field, and for services rendered. 
 He was shortly afterwards attacked with hemorrh''ge of the 
 lungs, and discharged from the army on account of the same 
 during the winter of 1863-64. On his return to Ohio he 
 was appointed by Governor Brough, in Tebruary, 1864, 
 Pay Agent, and served in that capacity until the close of the 
 war. He was elected in 1865 Comptroller of the State 
 Treasury of Ohio, re-elected in 1868, and served until 1871, 
 meanwhile being elected a member of the Board of .Soldiers’ 
 Claims for Ohio. He is at present engaged in farming and 
 also in the practice of his profession in Swanton, Fulton 
 county, having the largest and best clientelage of any lawyer 
 in that county. During his life he has been a consistent 
 Whig, and since the dissolution of that party, an unwavering 
 Republican. He was married, April 21st, 1837, to Sarah 
 Jane Maxom, of Buffalo, New York. 
 
 ROSVENOR, GENERAL CHARLES IL, Law- 
 yer, Representative in the General Assembly from 
 Athens county, Ohio, was born in Pomfret, Wynd- 
 ham county, Connecticut, September 20lh, 1833. 
 His parents were Peter Grosvenor and Ana 
 (Chase) Grosvenor, whe removed to Athens 
 county, Ohio, in 1838, and settled on a farm. The Gros- 
 venors are the descendants of an old English family, the 
 founder of the line in America having been John Grosvenor, 
 who died in Roxbury, Massachusetts, in 1690, leaving a 
 family of six sons, from whom, it is believed, are descended 
 all who now bear the name of Grosvenor in this country. 
 The tombstone of John Grosvenor bears the coat of arms of 
 his family. Thomas Grosvenor, grandfather of General 
 Grosvenor, served as a colonel during the revolutionaiy con- 
 flict, and was attached to the staff of General Washington. 
 He afterward became Judge of the Circuit Court of Con- 
 necticut, and for several years was a member of the Gov- 
 ernor’s Council. His father served during the war of 1812, 
 and rose to the rank of major in the militia service. He 
 attended the public schools of the day in Athens' county, 
 Ohio, but for the greater portion of his education is indebted 
 to the care and efforts of his mother, a woman of rare attain- 
 ments and remarkable intelligence. Starting in life on his 
 own resources, he taught in the county public schools for 
 about three years, and in the meantime, by the advice and 
 
BIOGRAPIIICAL ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 413 
 
 under the direction of Lot L. Smith, pursued the study of 
 law. He was admitted to the bar in 1857, and at once en- 
 tered on the practice of his profession in Athens county. In 
 July, 1861, he enlisted as a private in the United States 
 army, but was immediately promoted to the rank of Major, 
 and in June, 1863, was again promoted to a Lieutenant- 
 Colonelcy. At the battle of Nashville he commanded a 
 brigade, and for gallant service on the field was recom- 
 mended for promotion by General Thomas. He was then 
 brevetted Colonel and Brigadier-General. In April, 1865, 
 he was raised, to the full rank of Colonel, with the brevet 
 title of Brigadier-General. At the close of the rebellion, he 
 resumed the practice of his profession, and was nominated 
 for the State Senate, but failed to secure an election. In 
 1873 he was elected on the Republican ticket to represent 
 his county in the House. While acting with this body he 
 has served on the Committees on Judiciary, on Insurance, 
 and on Revision. He is also a member of the select Com- 
 mittees on Express Companies and Telegraphs, and on the 
 Investigation of Public Works. At the election in 1875 
 was re-elected to the House of Representatives, and at its 
 organization, Januai-y 3d, 1876, was chosen Speaker of the 
 House. In his profession he has attained a high standing, 
 and his reputation as a criminal advocate is very extended. 
 He was married, December 1st, 1858, to Samantha Stewart, 
 of Athens county, who died April 2d, i866, leaving issue of 
 one child, a daughter. He was again married. May 2tst, 
 1867, to Louise H. Currier, also a native of Athens county, 
 Ohio. 
 
 I UNLAP, MILTON, M. D., Physician, was born, 
 August 9th, 1807, in Brown county, Ohio, and is 
 the third child of William and Mary (Shepherd) 
 Dunlap. Plis father was a native of Augusta 
 county, Virginia, who removed with his father’s 
 family to Kentucky when a boy. He settled in 
 Brown county, Ohio, in 1796, where he resided until his 
 death in 1848. He was a captain in the war of 1812, and 
 a man who passed through life as a public-spirited citizen. 
 His consort was a daughter of Abraham Shepherd, an early 
 settler in Brown county, and formerly of Shepherdstown, 
 Virginia. She died in 1846. Milton Dunlap was occupied 
 on the farm until he was seventeen years of age, attending 
 the district school during the winter. In 1824 he went to 
 Ripley, Ohio, and studied medicine and general literature 
 under the supervision of Dr. T. S. Williamson for about 
 eighteen months. In 1826 he went to Cincinnati, where he 
 became a clerk in a drug store, and also at the same time 
 studied medicine, and attended upon the lectures delivered 
 at the Ohio Medical College in the winter season, and 
 graduated from that institution in 1829. The following 
 year he located at Greenfield, Highland county, Ohio, where 
 he has ever since resided, engaged in the active control of a 
 large medical practice, and has given a great deal of atten- 
 
 tion to obstetrics, in which branch of the profe.ssion he has 
 been very successful. Up to the present time (Lebruary, 
 1876) he has attended no less than 4650 obstetrical cases. 
 He is a member of the Highland County'Medical Society. 
 Notwithstanding the onerous duties of his profession, he has 
 found the time to contribute literary articles on medical 
 topics to the periodical literature of the day. In politics he 
 is a Republican. He polled his maiden vote for John 
 Quincy Adams, the anti Democratic candidate for the Presi- 
 dency; but, although taking a deep interest in political 
 matters, has never sought nor held any public office of a 
 partisan nature. He has been for forty-eight years a mem- 
 ber of the Presbyterian Church, and was for ten years an 
 elder in that denomination. He is a valuable citizen and 
 respected by all who know him. He was married in 1838 
 to Trances L. Kinkaid, of Ross county, Ohio, and is the 
 father of thirteen children. 
 
 URKHARDT, A. E., Merchant, was born, April 
 20th, 1845, in Herschburg, near Guibrucken, 
 Rhenish Provinces, Bavaria. When he was ten 
 years of age his father died, leaving his widow 
 and two children to contend with the world. 
 One of theSe children was a girl, the other the 
 subject of this .sketch. The broad field offered by America 
 invited the bereft family, and hither they came, settling in 
 Cincinnati. His efforts to secure an education, begun at the 
 age of six years in his native land, were continued in the 
 public schools of Cincinnati until the death of his mother in 
 1859. Left at the age of fourteen, with neither father nor 
 mother, in a foreign land with manners and customs and 
 language all different from his own, the boy had to solve a 
 practical problem of no little difficulty. He made his en- 
 trance into the driving world of business through the furni- 
 ture house of Mitchell & Ramelsberg, Cincinnati, at a salary 
 of one dollar per week. But fortune had better things in 
 store for young Burkhardt. At the end of three months 
 Jacob Theis, retail hatter, offered him one dollar and a half 
 per week. An increase of fifty per cent, on his salary was 
 not to be refused, and he accepted the offer. This proved 
 a judicious step and worked out his future career. P'rom 
 this humble beginning, by hard work and strict integrity, he 
 filled one position after another until his employer had no 
 higher to give him. Mr. Burkhardt remained with Mr. 
 Theis until January, 1867, when he associated himself with 
 his brother-in-law, F. B. Burkhardt, and bought out the 
 business. Under the immediate direction of Mr. A. E. 
 Burkhardt business grew, the firm prospered and soon had 
 to seek larger quarters. These they found in their present 
 sjracious salesrooms at No. 113 West Fourth .street, in Mit- 
 chell’s Block, still occupying as well the old stand on Main 
 street. By the energy and tact of the senior member, the 
 li'-m of A. E. Burkhardt & Co. has built up an extensive 
 
414 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.F.DIA. 
 
 trade, shipping raw skins in large quantities to Leipsic, 
 London, aiul other foreign markets. In tills branch of their 
 business they have over three thousand correspondents. The 
 success of Mr. A. E. Burkhardt from so humble a begin- 
 ning is to be attributed to his untiring industry, perseverance 
 and determination. March ist, iSyi, he married Emma 
 Amanda, only daughter of Mr. Andrew Erkenbrecker, a 
 prominent merchant of Cincinnati. 
 
 fCGREW, J. MILTON, Sixth Auditor of the United 
 States Treasury, was born in Cincinnati, October 
 30th, 1830. Ilis father, a native of Baltimore, 
 Maryl.and, removed with his parents to Cincinnati 
 in l 3 o 6 , wdiile his mother, who was a native of 
 C.rpe May, New Jersey, came to that city in 1S09. 
 Ilis ancestry on the paternal side were Scotch, and on the 
 maternal side English. Both of his grandfathers were sol- 
 diers in the Feileral army during the Revolution, while his 
 father served in the war of l8l'2. lie was educated in the 
 Cincinnati High Schools, and entered a prominent institu- 
 tion for a thorough collegiate training, which, however, he 
 was obliged to leave, when fifteen years old, by the death of 
 his father. He commenced to teach, and for ten years fol- 
 lowed with success this profession. In October, 1S54, he 
 w.as nominated by the American and Republican parties for 
 Clerk of the Conimon Pleas and District Courts of Cler- 
 mont County, Ohio, and was elected to that office by a ma- 
 jority of 1700 over his Democratic competitor. After 
 serving one term he w.as admitted to the bar and practised 
 the profession of the law for four years. In 1S62 he was 
 appointed by Secretary Chase to a clerkship in the office of 
 the Sixth Auditor of the United States Treasury, which 
 bureau settles the accounts of the Post Office Department. 
 Subsequently he served in various other positions of impor- 
 tance, and was honored by promotion through various 
 grades. On November i6ih, 1864, he was appointed by 
 Secretary Fessenden to the Chief Clerkship of the Sixth 
 Auditor’s office. On the first day of July, 1875, he was ap- 
 pointed by President Grant to the Sixth Auditorship, and on 
 the first day of February, 1876, was confirmed by the Senate. 
 His is the only case on record in the Treasury Department 
 in which a person has passed through all the grades from a 
 subordinate clerkship to the position of Chief of Bureau. 
 He has r.ire executive ability, is perfectly familiar with the 
 varied duties of his responsible office, and in eveiy w'ay 
 competent to discharge them. He w'as a member of the 
 first Republican Convention which assembled at Columbus, 
 Ohio, on July 13th, 1S54, and was a delegate to every suc- 
 ceeding State Convention of the party until called to W.ash- 
 ington. In 1860 he was a delegate to the National Repub- 
 lican Convention at Chicago, which nominated Abraham 
 Lincoln for the Presidency. Since his residence in Wash- 
 imnon he has been twice chosen President of the Ohio State 
 
 Republican Association ot the District of Columbia. He is 
 a- man of wide political influence, and an active member of 
 the Republican party. His mature judgment is often de- 
 ferred to in the conduct of campaigns in his State. He is 
 generally esteemed for his fidelity and .skill as an official, 
 and for his liberal views and high social qualities as a 
 private citizen. 
 
 ARDNER, CAPTAIN GEORGE B., Lawyer, w.as 
 born in Russellville, Brown county, Ohio, May 
 2d, 1S28. His father, a native of Ohio, followed 
 through life the trade of a cabinet-maker, and 
 w.as also at different periods a merchant, a trader, 
 .and a hotel keeper. He was an active partici- 
 pant in the war of 1812, and died August 5th, 1873. His 
 mother, Elma S. (Barrere) Gardner, a native of High- 
 land county, Ohio, was a daughter of George W. Barrere, a 
 prominent pioneer of the last-mentioned county. His pa- 
 ternal grandfather, Benjamin Gardner, took an active part 
 in the events of revolutionary days. He moved at an early 
 day from New York to Ohio, and settled in Brown county, 
 where he resided until his decease in 1840. His eariy boy- 
 hood days were passed alternately in working on a farm 
 during the summer season, and in attending school in the 
 winter months. He was subsequently placed as an appren- 
 tice in the printing office of The Political Examiner, at 
 Georgetown, Brown county, Ohio, where he remained for 
 four and a half years. He then attended a select school at 
 Ripley, Ohio, for two years, while his leisure hours and 
 every Saturday were spent in working at the printing office, 
 for the purpose of defraying the expenses of his sustenance 
 and tuition. His life as a irrinterand student in Ripley, Ohio, 
 continued until 1849, " hen he spent a few months in the law 
 office of his uncle, N. Barrere, at Hillsborough, Ohio, and 
 then removed to Washington, Fayette county, Ohio, w’here he 
 purchased the Fayette New Era. In the ediiorship of this 
 paper he was engaged until June, 1856. During those inter- 
 vening years of his experience as editor and publisher, he 
 had, when temporarily at leisure, continued the study of law', 
 and after passing the required examination, was in 1855 
 admitted to the bar. In 1857, upon renouncing the further 
 pursuit of the newspaper business, he entered on the practice 
 of his profession at Washington, Fayette county, where he 
 was engaged in professional labors until the fall of 1861. 
 He then acconqranied the 60th Regiment of Ohio Volunteer 
 Infantry, as Captain of Company C, to the seat of war in 
 V'irginia, and served with his company and as Acting As- 
 sistant Adjutant-General of Brigade until the surrender of 
 Harper’s Ferry, where his regiment was one of the bodies 
 captured. It was then immediately paroled and sent to the 
 Parole Camp, at Chicago, Illinois, and there remained until 
 the expiration of its term of service. In November, 1862, 
 he returned to Washington, Fayette county, Ohio, and in 
 the winter of 1862-63 served as Deputy Assessor of the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOICEDIA. 
 
 415 
 
 United States for Internal Revenue. In April of the latter 
 year he was appointed Commissioner of Enrolment for the 
 Sixth Congressional Ohio District, head-quarters at Hills- 
 borough, and was engaged in the discharge of the duties 
 of that office until the close of the war. In 1S65, still re- 
 maining in Hillsborough, he opened an office for the prac- 
 tice of law, wdiere he yet remains, engaged in the active 
 practice of his profession. .He has been Justice of the 
 Peace since his residence in Hillsborough, has served as a 
 member of the Town Council, and for two years officiated 
 as Mayor of the city. He was chiefly influential in securing 
 the construction of the new city buildings, and also in the 
 purchase of the steam fire-engines. In 1867 he was a can- 
 didate for the position of Prosecuting Attorney. He has 
 always taken a warm interest in public improvements, and 
 is always thoroughly awake to the importance of all measuBcs 
 projected for the profitable development of the true interests 
 of his city and county. Politically, he was a Whig, and 
 afterwards an ardent supporter of Stephen A. Douglas. 
 Upon the breaking out of the war, in 1S61, he joined his 
 fortunes wdth the Union party, and is new a Republican. 
 He was married. May 3d, 1853, to Amanda Robinson, a 
 native of Fayette county, Ohio. 
 
 ADE, BENJAMIN P’., ex-United States Senator, 
 was born on the 27th of October, 1800, in P'eed- 
 ing Hills parish, Massachusetts. He was next to 
 the youngest of ten children, and his father w-as a 
 soldier of the Revolution, who fought in every 
 battle from Bunker Hill to Vorktown. His 
 mother, the daughter of a Presbyterian clergyman, was a 
 woman of fine intellect and remarkable force of mind and 
 character. Benjamin’s school advantages were condensed 
 into seven days’ attendance upon a district school in his 
 early boyhood, for the family enjoyed the distinction of 
 being one of the poorest in New England. But his mother 
 became his teacher, and under her patient and competent 
 tuition he soon learned to read and write. There W'ere a 
 few books in the house, and these he got hold of and read 
 and re-read, becoming thereby, notwithstanding his meagre 
 school opportunities, better informed than the great major- 
 ity of boys of his age. Most of his boyhood was passed 
 working on a farm, for which he received only the most 
 meagre wages ; and when he was eighteen years of age he 
 concluded that he could do better in the West than he was 
 doing at home. So, with seven dollars in his pocket and a 
 bundle of clothing on his back, he started on foot for Oliio. 
 He walked as far as Ashtabula county, Ohio, when he was 
 stopped by a very heavy fall of snow, and concluded to 
 wait until spring before he finished his pedestrian tour. He 
 obtained a job of cutting wood, at fifty cents a cord, in the 
 Ohio forest, and for the rest of the winter his days were 
 occupied with this work. His evenings were spent in read- 
 
 ing the Bible by the light of the fire in the log cabin, and 
 before spring he had read through the Old and New Testa- 
 ments. Spring came, and still he did not resume his jour- 
 ney to Illinois, having been persuaded to remain where he 
 was and spend the spring and summer in chopping, logging 
 and grubbing. The next winter he, who had only attended 
 school as a learner during one single week of his life, en- 
 gaged as a school teacher, and passed successfully through 
 the season in that employment. For two years he remained 
 here, engaged in this manner, and then he undertook the 
 driving of herds of cattle from Ohio to New York. He 
 made six trips of this kind, finding himself, at the end of 
 the last one, in Albany, New York, as winter was coming 
 on. He decided to remain there for a time, and did so, 
 teaching school there that winter. In the spring he hired 
 out to shovel on the Erie canal, and spent the summer in 
 that manner, being, as Governor Seward said in a speech 
 in the United Stales Senate, “ the only American I know 
 who worked with a spade and wheelbarrow on the great 
 improvement.” At the end of the summer he returned to 
 Ohio, and taught school there the next winter. The next 
 spring he commenced the study of law' with Hon. Elisha 
 Whitllesby, and W'as soon afterwards elected a Justice of 
 the Peace. After two years of hard study he w'as admitted 
 to the bar, and then w'aited tw’o wears longer for his first 
 suit. It came at last,.and w'as won, and from that time for- 
 ward his success was assured and steady. Not long after- 
 W'ards he w'as elected Prosecuting Attorney of Ashtabula 
 county, and so took another very important step forward. 
 But it was not as a lawyer that his future was to be W'orked 
 out. He became active in politics, acting with the kVhig 
 party, and in a short time he w'as elected to the Ohio State 
 Senate. There he took the lead of the Whig minority, 
 aided in abolishing the law permitting imprisonment for 
 debt, inaugurated a w’ar against the Ohio “ Black Laws,” 
 and took a bold stand against the admission of Texas into 
 the Union, declaring: “.So help me God! I will never 
 assist in adding another rod of slave territory to this coun- 
 try.” His earnest vigor led him to a position far in ad- 
 vance of that occupied by his party, and as a result of it, 
 he was left at home w'hen the next election took place. 
 After a while, however, people came forw’ard to the point 
 where he stood, and he was again sent to the .State Senate. 
 There he jirocured the jtassage of the bill which founded 
 the Oberlin College, where “persons, without regard to 
 race or color,” could be educated. He led the resistance 
 of the State to the resolution of Congress, denying the right 
 of the people to petition concerning the abolition of slavery, 
 and thoroughly identified himself with those farthest in the 
 advance in .Stale and national reform. In 1847 "■'’s 
 
 elected President Judge of the Third Judicial District, and 
 occupied the bench for four years, earning the reputation, 
 among the members of the bar and the people at large, of 
 being a wise and a just judge. In March, 1851, while he 
 was hearing a case in court, the firing of a cannon in the 
 
4i6 
 
 BIOGRArHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 streets of Akron announced that he had been elected by 
 the Legislature to a seat in the Senate of the United States. 
 He had not sought for the position, and his friends had not 
 labored to secure it for him. Tlie people had determined 
 that a man should be chosen who would fitly and ade- 
 tjuately represent them, and he was selected as that man. 
 He entered the Senate, one of a very few who were opposed 
 to the aggressions of slavery, and he almost, more than any 
 other, caused his opposition to be felt and acknowledged. 
 He showed himself brave against every influence and 
 against all odds, and distinctly announced that he came 
 there especially as the advocate of liberty against slavery. 
 His long career in the Senate was marked by indomitable 
 energy, unfailing courage, and a swiftness of thought and 
 purpose that enabled him to meet every emergency and 
 every form of opposition with wonderfully prompt effective- 
 ness. It was in the conflict with the slave power that his 
 most memorable acts were performed. He reported from 
 the Committee on Territories the first provision prohibiting 
 slavery in all the Territories of the United States to be 
 henceforth acquired, and he proposed in the Senate the 
 bill for negro suffrage in the District of Columbia. His 
 brave and outspoken opposition to their claims won for him 
 the respect of the Southern leaders against whom he 
 arrayed himself, a respect which Toombs, of Georgia, ac- 
 knowdedged, in plain terms, on the floor of the Senate. A 
 notable instance of his nerve and courage was afforded in 
 his dealing with one of the old time “ fire-eaters.” A short 
 time after he entered the Senate, a Southern member 
 grossly insulted a Senator from the North. After the Senate 
 adjourned Senator Wade took occasion to say, openly, that 
 if ever a Southern .Senator made such an attack upon him 
 or Ohio, he would brand him as a liar. This came to the 
 ears of Southern men, and not long afterwards one of them 
 took occasion to speak very pointedly of the people of Ohio 
 as negro thieves. .Senator Wade instantly sprang to his 
 feet and pronounced the Southern .Senator a liar. There 
 was intense excitement, of course, and the hold Ohioan w.as 
 called upon for a retraction or apology. In return, he de- 
 manded an apology for the insult that had been offered to 
 himself and his .State. The next day he w.as called upon 
 by a representative of the Southerner, to ascertain whether 
 an apology or a fight were more to the mind of the Ohio 
 Senator. The latter expressed his conviction that the 
 Southern Senator was “ a foul-mouthed old blackguard,” 
 and requested that the sentiment might be conveyed, in his 
 name, to the Senator aforesaid. This ended the whole 
 affrir, and he was ever afterwards treated with ixiliteness 
 and respect. It was near the close of the Thirty-ninth Con- 
 gress that he was elected President pro tempore of the Sen- 
 ate, at a time when it seemed possible and even probable 
 that his selection to that position would result in his eleva- 
 tion to the Presidential chair, by reason of Mr. Johnson’s 
 impeachment and removal. Mr. Johnson was not removed, 
 and the President of the Sen.ate did not become the Presi- 
 
 dent of the nation ; but the narrow escape of the one, and 
 the near approach of the other, constitute a remarkable and 
 memorable incident in the history of the country. He 
 retired from the Senate on the 4th of March, 1869, when 
 his successor, Allen C. Thurman, elected by a Democratic 
 Legislature, took his seat. Senator Wade has great force, 
 directness and effect as an orator, although he exhibits but 
 little oratorical polish. He is an original and powerful 
 thinker, and, notwithstanding the disadvantages of his 
 youth, he is possessed of a large fund of learning. His 
 manners are plain and unaffected, and his tastes are as 
 simple as in times long gone by. He was married, in 
 1840, to Caroline Rosecrantz, of Middletown, Connecticut. 
 His residence is in Jefferson, the seat of Ashtal ul.r county, 
 Ohio. He has two sons, one of whom is Major James H. 
 Wade, of the 9th Regular Cavalry United States army. 
 
 ONES, JOHN PAUL, Editor and Proprietor of the 
 Toledo Blade, was born in Youngstown, Ohio, 
 June 23d, 1839, descending from Scotch-lrish 
 ancestry. There he passed his childhood and his 
 school days, leaving the high school there in 
 1856. He was a bright scholar, fond of books, 
 but quite as fond of fun. He studied well and attentively 
 in that school, the world, and as a boy was alert, observant 
 and inquiring, gaining a vast deal of practical information 
 where the ordinary boy would have seen no opportunity, 
 and exemplifying in a marked manner the sound sense of 
 the philosopher’s advice, to “go through life with your 
 eyes and ears open.” At the age of seventeen he set out 
 to seek his fortune, and landed in Chicago in 1856, with 
 even a less foundation on which to build it than the tradi- 
 tional half-dollar of Robert Collyer, or the oft-heralded 
 impecuniosity of Horace Greeley. He began his business 
 career as messenger-boy and index-clerk in the office of the 
 old G. & C. U. Railroad, remaining with that company, 
 but constantly earning and receiving promotion, until i860. 
 Having by this time attracted the attention of the officials 
 of other lines, who were not slow to recognize his unusual 
 business qualities, and were shrewd enough to argue the 
 possibilities of the man from the marked characteristics 
 of the boy, he found himself at liberty to make choice 
 among several desirable positions. He became at this time 
 Cashier for the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad 
 Company, and the subsequent history of the several lines 
 that then sought his services abundantly confirmed the 
 sagacity that guided his choice. After three years in this 
 position he was made Chief Clerk of the General Freight 
 Department at Toledo. A year later he was elected Local 
 Treasurer of the company, and continued in that office 
 until the company removed its head-quarters to Chicago, 
 and Mr. Jones elected to engage in a different line of busi- 
 ness. When it became a matter of certainty that the general 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 417 
 
 offices of the Lake Shore Railroad would be transferred to 
 Chicago, Mr. Jones’ standing and popularity in Toledo 
 were at once demonstrated. Several leading citizens, un- 
 derstanding that this movement would probably take Mr. 
 Jones to Chicago, approached him on the subject and in- 
 sisted on his remaining in Toledo. Mr. Jones’ own judg- 
 ment was not averse to their suggestions, provided the way 
 seemed open. Pending the consideration of this matter, 
 Mr. Jones met Mr. Locke socially, and a one-half interest 
 in the Blade coming into the market about this time, the 
 result was that in 1S67 Mr. Jones purchased one-fourth of 
 the Locke (Nasby) taking a one-fourth interest 
 
 at the same time. Mr. Jones became at once its business 
 manager, and by his financial ability and admirable execu- 
 tive talent added to its growth in assisting it to be one of 
 the most profitable newspaper enterprises in the West, 
 placing it in the front rank among the leading journals of 
 the United .States. In 1872 he, with Mr. Locke, bought 
 the other half of the Blade, and in February, 1875, M''- 
 Jones became its sole proprietor. Continuing, as he has 
 always done, to manage its affairs, he also controls and 
 directs its policy, and will undoubtedly make it, if he has 
 not already done so, one of the most powerful and far- 
 reaching political organs of the Northwest. He is a clear 
 thinker, quick to apprehend, ready to take and strong to 
 hold a position, and possesses in an unusual degree the 
 ability to present briefly and tellingly the points which de- 
 termine his advocacy of a measure or his repudiation of a 
 policy. He is exceptionally correct in his intuitions, and 
 following, as he does, his convictions with perfect and 
 straightforward honesty, his success, accomplished or pros- 
 pective, is not problematical. Mr. Jones is a Republican, 
 from political convictions, cast his first vote for Lincoln, 
 and is one among the most active members of that party. 
 He has never held public office, and has neither time nor 
 inclination therefor. He was at one time a member of 
 Chicago Light Artillery, Company A. Mr. Jones married, 
 October ist, 1863, Rosa Bell, of Rock Island, Illinois. 
 
 AYLOR, ALEXANDER D., was born in Hamp- 
 shire county, Virginia, November ist, 1799, and 
 was taken in infancy to Belmont county, Ohio, 
 where he received a common school education, 
 and was married to Sarah Danner, March loth, 
 1825. He farmed, manufactured brick, dealt in 
 real estate, and taught school, prior to his settlement on a 
 farm in Oxford township, fluernsey county, in 1832. Here 
 he served as Justice of the Peace for a number of years, 
 during which time he studied law and military tactics, 
 serving as Captain, Colonel, and afterwards as General of 
 Ohio militia, until the organization ceased, proving himself 
 a thorough tactician and first-rate commander. He was 
 admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of the State, and 
 53 
 
 practised his profession many years in the courts of eastern 
 Ohio, a portion of the time in partnership with the late 
 Benjamin S. Cowen, of St. Clairsville. Being an active 
 local politician, he was chosen as the nominee of the Whig 
 party for State Senator in the days of its adversity in the 
 district, and made a good run. General Taylor tendered 
 his services to the country at the outbreak of the slave- 
 holders’ rebellion, proffering to take a position in the field, 
 but was dissuaded from doing so by Governor Dennison, in 
 a letter commending his spirit of patriotism, on account of 
 age and inactivity caused by corpulency. He died in Cam- 
 bridge, October I5lh, 1863, aged sixty-four years. Sarah 
 Taylor, his widow, survives in good health, residing in 
 Cambridge, aged seventy-three years. They reared and 
 educated on the farm in Guernsey county the following 
 children : William Penn, John Clarkson, Joseph Danner, 
 Alexander Addison, James Byron, George Kennon, Wilson 
 Shannon, Thomas Corwin, David Danner, and Sarah Eliza. 
 All these survive, except William, who died February 
 l8th, 1870, aged forty-four years. Two daughters died in 
 youth. The surviving daughter is the wife of Rev. A. L. 
 Petty, of the Pittsburgh Conference, Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, and Presiding Elder of Cambridge district for four 
 years past. Several of the sons are elsewhere mentioned 
 in this work. 
 
 OTTER, EZRa\, Real Estate Dealer, was born in 
 Butler county, Ohio, on December loth, 1810. 
 He is of \Y4ilsh-Scotch descent, although his an- 
 cestors, on both his father’s and his mother’s side, 
 were, for generations, residents of New Jersey, 
 and were identified with the early history of Long 
 He enjoyed in his youth the meagre educational 
 adv.antages to be obtained in the log school houses of the 
 pioneer settlement in which he was born, obtaining there 
 the mere rudiments of an English education, employing 
 thus the intervals when he could be spared from the work 
 of assisting his father to clear up the wilderness and prepare 
 the land for cultivation. When he was twenty-five years 
 old he embarked in business for himself, opening a general 
 countiy store in Butler county. He continued in this busi- 
 ness for eighteen years, achieving a fair success during that 
 time. His health, however, was delicate, and the confine- 
 ment incident to mercantile business disagreed with him. 
 He gave up storekeeping, therefore, in 1856, removed to 
 Hamilton, and there engaged in the real estate business, 
 which has ever since continued to occupy him. He has 
 mixed but little in politics, but has been identified with all 
 measures, political or otherwise, which had for their purpose 
 the improvement of the city and the elevation of society. 
 He is a man of quiet, equable disposition, but possessing 
 great strength of character and unyielding integrity. His 
 business career has been one of quiet, stea<ly success, atnl 
 his home is one of the most elegant and refined in the city. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 41S 
 
 He has been twice married. His first wife was Mary L. 
 Good, of Butler county, to whom he was married in 1835. 
 She died in 1S41, leaving two children. In 1844 he mar- 
 ried Catherine M. Miller, also of Butler county. Three 
 children have resulted from this union, two of whom still 
 survive. 
 
 IRBY, HON. JOSIAH, Manufacturer and Inven- 
 tor of the first Bung-Making Machine, was born 
 in Baltimore, M.aryland, in 1816. With little 
 schooling and at an early age he was placed to 
 learn the carpenter’s trade. In 1837 he and his 
 father m ved to Cincinnati, and there, relinquish- 
 ing their original intention of settling in .St. Louis, decided 
 to become permanent residents of the city. Here he con- 
 tinued to work at his trade until 1847, when an incident 
 occurred which turned the work of his life into a new 
 channel. His attention was called to the necessity of a 
 machine for making bungs. Upon this long-felt need he 
 centred his thoughts, and before a year had elapsed his 
 idea was perfected and the desired machine completed. In 
 the following year he secured its protection under patent 
 rights. Before he was able to reap any permanent benefit 
 from his invention, however, his entire establishment was 
 consumed by fire. I.eaving the scene of his misfortune, 
 north of the canal, he located his factory on Seventh street, 
 east of Sycamore street, and there at once applied himself 
 to the construction of a new machine. Without funds, and 
 hampered also by various debts, he was placed temporarily 
 in very embarrassing circumstances, and was compelled to 
 ]irosecute his labors at a great disadvantage. But knowing 
 the value of his invention, and placing unlimited faith in 
 the future realization of his hopes, he continued at his toil, 
 persistently and bravely. Becoming dissatisfied with his 
 first and second machines, he produced and patented others, 
 until he had obtained, in all, patents on nine or ten different 
 inventions — bung-making machines. In 1868 he manufac- 
 tured a machine which turned out one hundred bungs per 
 minute, and his most sanguine friends imagined that he 
 had reached the most perfect result possible. In 1875 he 
 completed another whose productive capacity was over 
 thirty thousand perfect bungs per hour. May 31st, 1875, 
 several hundred gentlemen assembled to witness the work- 
 ing of this machine, among them many competent judges 
 of mechanical productions, and all testified in glowing 
 terms to its excellence and thoroughness. On this occasion 
 a generous banquet was provided at the expense of the in- 
 ventor, at which M. Halstead of the Cincinnati Commer- 
 cial, and several other well-known citizens, delivered con- 
 gratulatory speeches. This factory has been, for several 
 years, located on Lodge street, between Fifth and Sixth 
 streets, and has now in constant use five or six bung makers, 
 with s.aws, planing machines, and every mechanical inven- 
 tion designed to increase the value of time and labor. The 
 
 sales and business relations of this house are large and im- 
 portant, their trade connections extending like a net-work 
 over the entire Union and the Canadas, and existing even 
 in Europe. Since 1873 establishment has been owned 
 and operated by a stock company, of which the original 
 head and founder is President and chief stockholder. 
 Probably no other manufacture has brought wealth to Cin- 
 cinnati from a larger area of the country than this, while, 
 with an extension of the patent, the inventor will certainly 
 acquire a very large fortune. Other bung-machines since 
 in use are merely modifications of his invention, and in 
 many points of inferior excellence. In addition to attend- 
 ing to his own private interests, he has been concerned in 
 a more or less intimate relation in many of the more im- 
 portant measures bearing upon the growth and advancement 
 of the city. He was one of the projectors of the Southern 
 Railroad, and for several years was President of the Board 
 of Trade Railroad Committee. To that body he subse- 
 quently submitted several important reports. He became 
 one of the originators of the Board of Trade, and in 1870 
 was elected to occupy its presidential chair. He is now 
 one of its most active and valued members. P'or several 
 years he officiated as President of the Cincinnati, Rockport, 
 & Southwestern Railway Company. In 1863 he was 
 elected, on the Republican ticket, to the State Legislature, 
 and .served through his term of two years with marked 
 ability. He has also been mentioned recently in connection 
 with the Governorship of the State. Peculiarly the archi- 
 tect of his own fortune, he has deservedly acquired the 
 favorable reputation which, bringing him prominently before 
 the public, promises to place him in a high and honorable 
 position. The “ National Union Association,” an im- 
 portant war organization, came into being in his office, and 
 to his efforts and labors its successful existence is mainly 
 attributable. He was a member of its Executive Commit- 
 tee. It was officered by many of the leading citizens of 
 Cincinnati, and was composed of from four to five thousand 
 members, in Hamilton county, with branch organizations 
 throughout the .State. Acting as the people’s medium in 
 contributing toward defraying election expenses, and aiding 
 in every way the cause of the Union, it was free from any 
 aspect of secrecy or taint of nativism, aiming only to sup- 
 port and defend the principles and measures of the Federal 
 government. One of the leading sentiments of the Asso- 
 ciation was : “ Forgetting all past political differences, and 
 placing the salvation of the Union above all party or other 
 predilections, we are for the maintenance of the Federal 
 government against all enemies at home or abroad.” 
 Through this organization, and the zealous and efficient part 
 he took in its action, he first came into political prominence. 
 It remained intact until the close of the war, when the few 
 hundred dollars still remaining in its treasury were given 
 to one of the charitable institutions of the city. Wholly 
 without personal political aspirations, he yet takes an ear- 
 nest interest in the important movements of the day, and is 
 
I " - 
 
 
PuiJ.Cb Bv2<ld°' 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 419 
 
 untiring in his exertions to secure for the local and general 
 governments the services of those best qualified to fill the 
 various offices. He was married in 1837 to Miss Hargy, 
 of Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 OLENSPIADE, JAMES C. C., Merchant and 
 Manufacturer, was born on May 12th, 1828, in 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. He was of Scolch-Irish 
 descent on both sides of his family, although his 
 father was born in Baltimore, Maryland, and his 
 mother at Marysville, Kentucky. His father was 
 an invalid, and the son was ambitious to render himself 
 independent of parental support at the earliest possible 
 moment. When he was only seven years of age he began 
 to work for his own livelihood. It may readily be supposed, 
 therefore, that his educational advantages, during his earlier 
 years, at least, were of the most limited description. But 
 though he gained but a meagre supply of knowledge from 
 books, he put himself, thus e.rrly, in the way of acquiring a 
 practical knowledge which vras to stand him in better stead, 
 later in life, than any amount of mere book-learning could 
 possibly have done. When he was seven years old, he 
 went to work as a breaker of type in the Cincinnati Type 
 h'oundry of Wilson, Guilford & Co. Here he worked 
 through years of patient industry, graduating in every 
 department of the establishment. Then — for it was the 
 
 most natural thing in the world to step from the making 
 of types to the using thereof — he went to work in the 
 printing office of Brooks & Co. Here he remained until 
 he had mastered the details of the business, and then, still 
 following the natural sequence of industrial progress, he 
 entered the book-binding establishment of Cropper & Co. 
 He remained in this business long enough to fit himself for 
 the performance of all the duties of every department. 
 Notwithstanding the fact that he had no school opportuni- 
 ties up to this time, cr perhaps in consequence of that fact, 
 his love and respect for books were intense, and his present 
 occupation served to increase them. The oppf)rtunity to 
 develop and gratify his literaiy taste was what he earnestly 
 desired. Therefore, on leaving the bookbindery, he sought 
 and obtained employment in the book-store of J. C. & W. 
 P. Jones. Here he not only gratified the desire so long 
 felt, but also acquired a thorough knowledge of practical 
 business details. He was prepossessing in manner, and his 
 rare business capacity was manifest to all, and these quali- 
 ties, attracting, as they did, the attention of many, led to 
 his engagement, at a lucrative salary, with one of the lead- 
 ing merchants of the city. For several years after this he 
 was employed in the dry-goods house of John M. Brad- 
 street, and was subsequently engaged in the queensware 
 business with William I.illey, and in both places he won 
 the high regard of employers and jratrons. Still entertain- 
 ing his literary ambition, and having in view a professional 
 life, he took up a systematic course of study, and by dint 
 
 of untiring application, he passed through the course at 
 Woodward High School, Cincinnati, and was rapidly ad- 
 vancing still farther, when failing health compelled him, 
 for the time at least, to give up the severe strain of so much 
 mental labor, and to relinquish his cherished project of 
 professional life. With a view to giving a full share of 
 work to his body as well as his mind, he next took employ- 
 ment in the moulding department of William Resor & Co.’s 
 foundry, in Cincinnati. He possessed great mechanical 
 and inventive genius, and very soon developed rare me- 
 chanical skill, and these qualities were speedily recognized, 
 and won for him rapid promotion. He possessed strong 
 and marked personal characteristics, and these gave him a 
 high degree of influence among those with whom he was 
 thrown in contact. During the remarkable strike of the 
 workmen in the stove manufactories of Cincinnati, in 1848, 
 this influence was shown to be extraordinary, and directed 
 by his cool judgment and his clear perceptions, it enabled 
 him to prevent many an act of hostility and violence. He 
 could not bring himself to remain idle, during the strike or 
 at any other time, so he became salesman for Buss & Shep- 
 hard, on Fifth street. He had long since determined to go 
 into business on his own account, and therefore he re- 
 mained but a short time with this firm, notwithstanding 
 their tempting ofler of fifty per cent, of the profits of a 
 branch establishment, on condition that he would manage 
 it. His sympathy with the striking mechanics was very 
 great, and he became their active and zealous advocate. 
 The workmen, on their part, chose him, a skilled mechanic, 
 a promising merchant, and a man of rare and valuable 
 personal qualities, for their fitting champion. His interest 
 in the workingmen’s movement, and his purpose to estab- 
 lish himself in business in some other capacity than that 
 of employe, led him to develop a plan, striking in its bold- 
 ness and comprehensiveness. In pursuance of this plan, 
 he organized a corporation, the stock of which was to be 
 paid in labor. This work he began and prosecuted on his 
 own personal resources and credit, and the result of his 
 exertions was the erection and the successful operation of 
 th" Moulders’ Union Foundry, at California, Ohio, eight 
 miles above Cincinnati. When the success of this enter- 
 prise had become fully assured, he resigned his position as 
 President and Manager of the association, and engaged in 
 the hardware business in Cincinnati. In this he continued 
 for several years, and achieved great success in it. When 
 the Ohio & Mississippi Railroad was being built, he com- 
 peted with the Eastern establishments for the supply ot 
 bolts, etc., needed in the work. He was awarded a heavy 
 contract, to be fulfilled in thirty days, and, although he had 
 no factory of his own, he was so energetic and enterprising 
 that his full supply of material was forthcoming one day 
 before the time stipulated. Tliis success led to the organ- 
 ization of the firm of Holenshade & Brother, who owned 
 and operated the Great Western Bolt Works, of Cincinnati, 
 for a term of several years, during which their success was 
 
420 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 great and uninterrupted. In lS6o, although only thirty-two 
 years of age, he retired from active business life, and de- 
 voted himself to the culture and improvement of his fruit 
 farm on Colerain turnpike, about six miles from Cincinnati. 
 The breaking out of the war, however, recalled him to the 
 field of active business enterprise. When the first call for 
 army wagons was made, in May, l86l, he determined to 
 secure to his native city the advantages to be derived from 
 meeting that call. He was not in the wagon-making busi- 
 ness, but with the versatility that characterized him, he went 
 into it, and bid for and secured the contract for supplying 
 the needed wagons. Soon he was at the head of an estab- 
 lishment employing from 300 to 600 men, and so great was 
 his executive ability that he reduced his organization to a 
 working system which enabled him to turn out a perfect 
 wagon every thirty minutes. Throughout the war, aided 
 by his personal influence in the departments at Wa'shington, 
 he managed to retain at Cincinnati the depot of supplies for 
 the armies of the West and Southwest. His fitness to meet 
 and master emergencies was well illustrated by his construc- 
 tion of the celebrated pontoon train, consisting of 160 large 
 wagons, 80 boats, and all the needed equipments therefor. 
 This great achievement was accomplished and the entire 
 train in readiness for the army within eleven days after the 
 order was given, just following the battle of Stone River. 
 His inventive genius was no less than his executive ability, 
 and it found fitting acknowledgment in the reports of 
 Admiral D.ihlgren and General Ripley, regarding his Cin- 
 cinnati breech-loading cannon. As an employer he always 
 possessed in an eminent degree the affection and regard of 
 his workmen, the result of his warm and active sympathy 
 with all their efforts; and more than one beautiful and sub- 
 stantial token, presented by those in his employ, testify to 
 the appreciation with which they regarded him. In Uie 
 midst of all his multifarious activities he was an earnest and 
 consistent Christian. From early youth he was a member, 
 and at the time of his death a Ruling Elder of the Presby- 
 terian Church. For nearly a score of years he was the 
 devoted Superintendent of the Sabbath-school of his church, 
 and was active and prominent in promoting all the benevo- 
 lent works of the church, besides giving his influence to the 
 advancement of all societies having a beneficial and benevo- 
 lent purpose. In the orders of Masonry and Odd Fellow- 
 ship he was specially prominent and active. His philan- 
 thropy no less than his patriotism led him during the war to 
 make an offer which was as characteristic as it was practical. 
 He proposed to serve as Treasurer of Hamilton county for 
 two years, and to devote the entire proceeds of the office — 
 approximating ^30,000 per annum — to the benefit of the 
 families of the soldiers in the field. His munificent offer 
 was declined by his party, and his liberality found other 
 modes of expression. He gave freely of money, time, and 
 personal effort. He was one of the most active managers 
 of the great Sanitary Fair of Cincinnati, having charge of a 
 department which netted to the Sanitary Commission 
 
 I ^61,626.33. He was exempted, by reason of physical disa- 
 bilities, from military service; but though not liable to the 
 draft, he furnished not less than four substitutes to the army. 
 For seven years he was an active member of the Cincinnati 
 h ire Department, and did much to bring it to its present 
 high standard. His family residence stands on College 
 Hill, where he did much by his energy and liberality to 
 promote the cause of education. He was the founder and 
 one of the most active promoters of the Ohio Female Col- 
 lege there. When the college building was destroyed by 
 fire he at once undertook its reconstruction, furnishing the 
 means and superintending the work. The new edifice — 
 much superior to the old — was ready for occupancy in a 
 surprisingly short time, and the educational work of the in- 
 stitution was not seriously checked. As funds to reimburse 
 him for his advances — although he generously tendered 
 I about twenty-five per cent, of the outlay as a gift to the col- 
 I lege if the remainder should be raised — were not provided, 
 i he ultimately became the owner of the property, and con- 
 ducted the college as a private affair. The reverses of the 
 panic, united to differences with some of his teachers, 
 tended to diminish the patronage of the college, and an 
 offer to convert the building into a sanitarium for the treat- 
 ment of nervous disorders was accepted in the winter of 
 1873. If "''I' Ifs seen that he was especially interested 
 in the cause of female education; indeed, for over sixteen 
 years he made it his life-work. About this time his health 
 began to fail, and from May 1st, 1875, until his death on 
 January 9th, 1876, he was a constant sufferer, requiring 
 watchers at night. He was upheld through all his suffering 
 by his firm faith, which, producing patience and even cheer- 
 fulness, rendered his sick-chamber a place full of instruction 
 and inspiration to his family and friends. His life was an 
 eminently active one. It is full of encouragement to those 
 who are hemmed about by adverse circumstances; but per- 
 haps the most valuable lesson it teaches is that the best 
 j success is only attained by doing everything thoroughly, 
 ’ from the first step to the last. 
 
 '"'v^'^/^GRNET, JUDGE JACOB, LL. D., was the son of 
 d-T ■ Dr. William Burnet the elder, of Newark, New 
 1^/ Jersey, and the grandson of Dr. Ichabod Burnet, 
 
 ( p 1'^ a native of Scotland, who was educated at Edin- 
 burgh, removed to America soon after his educa- 
 tion was finished, and settled at Elizabethtown, 
 New Jersey, where he practised his profession with great 
 success as a physician and surgeon until his death, in 1773, 
 at the advanced age of eighty. Dr. W’illiam Burnet was . 
 born in 1730, educated at Nassau Hall during the Presi- 
 dency of the Rev. Aaron Burr, and graduated in 1749, 
 before that institution was removed to Princeton. He 
 studied medicine under Dr. Staats, of New York, and prac- 
 tised it with success until the difficulties with the mother 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 421 
 
 counliy became alarmingly serious, when he took an active 
 and leading part in resisting the encroachments of the Brit- 
 ish government. He was a member of the Newark Com- 
 mittee of Safety, composed of himself. Judge J. Hedden, 
 and Major S. Hays, until, in 1776, he was elected a member 
 of the Continental Congress. He resigned that position to 
 accept an appointment as Surgeon-General of the Eastern 
 Division of the American army, which position he filled 
 with distinction until the close of the war. Dr. Burnet died 
 in 1791, in the sixty-first year of his age. Jacob Burnet, 
 his sixth son, was born in Newark, New Jersey, P’ebruary 
 22d, 1770, was educated at Nassau Hall, Princeton, under 
 the Presidency of Dr. Witherspoon, and graduated with 
 honor, in September, 1791. He remained there a year as 
 a resident graduate, and then entered the office of Judge 
 Boudinot, of Newark, as a student of law, and under that 
 distinguished lawyer laid the foundation for his future at- 
 tainments in his profession. He was admitted to the bar 
 by the Supreme Court of the State in the spring of 1796, 
 and proceeded at once to Cincinnati, in the neighborhood 
 of which his father had made consiilerable investments. 
 At that time Cincinnati was a small village of log cabins, 
 including about fifteen rough, unfinished frame houses with 
 stone chimneys. There was not a brick house in it, and 
 only about 150 inhabitants, and the entire white population 
 of the Northwestern Territory was estimated at about 
 15,000 souls. In 1798 it was ascertained that the Territory 
 contained 5000 white male inhabitants, and was entitled to 
 enter upon the second grade of Territorial Government 
 provided for under the ordinance of 17S7. This provided 
 for a General Assembly, consisting of representatives elected 
 by the citizens of the Territory, and a Legislative Council 
 of five persons, nominated by the lower House and ap- 
 pointed by the President.by and with the advice and consent 
 of the United States Senate. Judge Burnet was appointed 
 by President John Adams a member of the first I.egislative 
 Council, together with James Findlay, Henry Vanderburgh, 
 Robert Oliver, and David Vance. He remained a member 
 of this body until the organization of the .State government 
 in 1802-3. The practice of his profession, which obliged 
 him to travel over the whole settled portion of the Territory 
 as far as Detroit, in Michigan, on the north, and Vincennes, 
 in Indiana, enabled him to become acquainted with the 
 Territory and the people by personal observation, and in the 
 Legislative Council he was able to use the information thus 
 acquired to good purpose in shaping legislation to meet the 
 wants of the r.apidly growing population of the Territory, 
 and was himself the author of most of the important meas- 
 ures adopted by the Legislature. When it was proposed to 
 go into a State government. Judge Burnet believed the step 
 premature and opposed the action, and when the .State was 
 formed he retired from active participation in politics and 
 devoted himself to the practice of his profession. His 
 talents, ripe scholarship, and brilliancy as an advocate 
 secured for him from the first an extensive and lucrative 
 
 practice, and enabled him to assume and maintain the fore- 
 most position at the bar, until, in 1817, he retired from the 
 practice of the law. In the year 1821 he was persuaded to 
 accept an appointment by the Governor to the bench of the 
 .Supreme Court of the State, and was subseeiuently elected 
 by the Legislature to the same place. In 1828 he resigned 
 his position on the bench and was elected to the United 
 States .Senate to fill a vacancy occasioned by the retirement 
 of General William H. Harrison, and accepted the position 
 on the condition that he should not be considered a candi- 
 date for re-election, but on the expiration of his term be 
 permitted to carry out his long-cherished purpose of retiring 
 to private life. His term expired in 1833, and from that 
 time until his death, in 1853, at the advanced age of eighty- 
 three years, he took no further active part in public affairs. 
 As a lawyer and legislator Judge Burnet was without doubt 
 the most influential and prominent person in the section of 
 country he represented and with which his interests were 
 identified. Educated amid the stirring scenes of the Revo- 
 lution, and the scarcely less stirring scenes connected with 
 the discussion and adoption of the Federal Constitution ; 
 brought into association with Washington and Hamilton 
 and other leaders of the struggle for independence, through 
 his father’s intimacy with and friendship for them ; with 
 great natural ability united to thorough scholarship, and 
 having with it all strong and decided convictions and great 
 energy and ])ersistence in enforcing them, he was eminently 
 qualified to take the leading part he did in developing the 
 resources of the great Northwestern Territory and in shaping 
 its institutions. As a lawyer he was the acknowledged 
 leader of the bar in the West. Within the period of twenty 
 years — which was about the extent of his practice at the bar 
 — few men have been engaged in more important causes or 
 with more uniform success. His fame as an advocate was 
 coextensive with the West, and the story of his forensic 
 efforts is perpetuated in the traditions of his profession. 
 About the time, also, of his appointment to the Supreme 
 Bench of Ohio, he was elected to fill the Professorship of 
 Law in the University of Lexington, Virginia, and received 
 from that institution the honorary degree of Doctor of 
 Laws, an honor subsequently conferred upon him, also, by 
 his own Alnut Muler, Nassau Hall. It has already been 
 staled th.at while in the Territorial Legislature Tudge 
 Burnet was the author of most of the neces.sary legislation. 
 During the session of 1799 tilone he prepared and reported 
 the following bills : “To regulate the admission and ]uac- 
 tice of attorneys-at-law,” “ to confirm and give force to 
 certain laws enacted by the Governor and Judges,” a bill 
 making promissory notes negotiable, a bill to authorize and 
 regulate arbitrations, a bill to regulate the service and re- 
 turn of process in certain cases, a bill establishing courts for 
 the trial of small causes, a bill to prevent trespassing by 
 cutting of timber, a bill providing for tl* appointment of 
 constables, a bill defining ]irivileges in certain cases, a bill 
 to prevent the introduction of spirituous liquors into certain 
 
422 
 
 BIOGRAFIIICAL ENCYCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 Indian towns, a bill for the appointment of general officers 
 in the militia of the Territory, a bill to revise the laws 
 adopted or made by the Governors and Judges, a bill lor 
 the relief of the poor, a bill repealing certain laws or parts 
 of laws, and a bill for the punishment of arson. He was 
 also appointed to prepare and report rules for conducting 
 the business of the Legislative Council, and an answer to 
 the Governor’s address to the two houses at the opening of 
 the session. Also to draft a memorial to Congress in be- 
 half of purchasers of land in the Miami country, and a 
 complimentary address to the President of the United States. 
 After the formation of the State government he succeeded, 
 by his researches into the laws of Virginia and his lucid 
 demonstration of the same, in settling in favor of the State 
 of Ohio the right which Kentucky controverted of arresting 
 criminals on the river between the two .States. Under the 
 system established for the sale of the public domain by the 
 law of iSoo and acts supplementary thereto, an immense 
 debt was contracted and became due to the government of 
 the United States from the people of the West, exceeding 
 the entire amount of money in circulation in the West. 
 The debt had been accumulating for twenty years, and was 
 swelling daily with increasing rapidity. The first emi- 
 grants to the West, and the greater part of those who fol- 
 lowed them from time to time, were compelled by necessity 
 to purchase on credit, exhausting their means to the last 
 dollar in raising the first payment on their entries. The 
 debt due the government in 1820 at the different Western 
 land offices amounted to $22,000,000, an amount far ex- 
 ceeding the ability of the debtors to pay. Thousands of 
 industrious men, some of whom had paid one, some two, 
 and some three instalments on their lands, and had toiled 
 day and night in clearing, enclosing, and improving them, 
 became convinced that they would be forfeited and their 
 money and labor lost. This appalling prospect spread a 
 deep gloom over the community, and it was evident that if 
 the government attempted to enforce its claims universal 
 bankruptcy w'ould ensue. Serious fears were felt that any 
 attempt on the part of the government to enforce its claim 
 w'ould meet with resistance, and probably result in civil 
 war. Judge Burnet, at this crisis of affairs, gave the matter 
 his most earnest attention, with a view' of devising a plan 
 of relief, and was able to mature and propose a plan which 
 met the approval of all the sufferers, and so commended 
 itself to Congress and the government that it was speedily 
 adopted. The evils threatened were thus averted, and the 
 prosperity and rapid settlement of the county greatly pro- 
 moted. Judge Burnet recognized at a very early period 
 the importance to the trade and commerfe of the West of 
 the unobstructed navigation of the Ohio river, and espe- 
 cially the importance to the trade of the upper Ohio of 
 removing the obstruction caused by the falls in the river at 
 Louisville. He was one of the first to advocate the con- 
 struction of a canal around the falls, and w'as appointed by 
 the State of Indiana one of several commi.ssioncrs for carry- 
 
 ing out this project, in which he took a warm and active 
 part. Considerable progress was made in the W'ork w'hen 
 the rival project of a canal on the Kentucky shore was 
 started, which met with more general favor. This caused 
 the abandonment of the Indiana canal, and the canal on the 
 Kentucky shore was constructed, thus removing one of the 
 most serious obstructions to the navigation of the upper 
 Ohio. "I he construction of a canal from the Ohio river, at 
 Cincinnati, to Lake Erie, at Toledo, Ohio — thus affording 
 water communication between the commerce of the lakes 
 and the Ohio and Mississippi valleys — was another matter 
 that enlisted the warmest support of Judge Burnet. Under 
 an Act of Congress, making a large grant of public land in 
 aid of this project, considerable progress was made in the 
 work, when it was found that certain conditions and re- 
 strictions in the original grant were such as to greatly 
 embarrass, if not to defeat, the completion of the work, 
 which greatly languished and w'as about to be abandoned. 
 Judge Burnet, on taking his place in the Senate, secured 
 the appointment of a committee of the Senate to take into 
 consideration the modification of the original grant so as to 
 remove its objectionable features, and appearing before the 
 committee in behalf of the measure. His representations 
 were so effective that he was requested by the committee to 
 draw up a report embodying the principal facts in support 
 of the claim, and also a bill to carry it into effect. The 
 ccm.-nittee jiresented the report and bill, with a recommend- 
 ation that it should pass. It did pass both houses and 
 became a law during the session, and without doubt secured 
 the completion of the canal. In the Senate he was the 
 friend and associate of Adams, Clay, and Webster, and was 
 especially the friend and admirer of the latter, with whom 
 he occupied a desk in the Senate chamber. When General 
 Haynes of South Carolina made his celebrated speech on 
 nullification, which elicited Mr. W’ebster’s more celebrated 
 reply, Mr. Webster was absent from the Senate, and it was 
 remarked that in his reply he answered General Haynes’ 
 points seriatim, as if he had been present and heard them. 
 Judge Burnet, who heard Haynes’ speech, took full notes 
 of it and gave them to Mr. Webster, who was thus prepared 
 to make his reply as if personally present. No one was 
 more delighted with Mr. Webster’s unanswerable rejoinder 
 than Judge Burnet, who had thus assisted to call it forth. 
 With the close of Judge Burnet’s term in the Senate his 
 public career ended. In full vigor of mind and body, with 
 brilliant prospects of political preferment before him if he 
 would but seek it, he chose rather to spend the remainder 
 of his days as a private citizen. He was not ambitious of 
 place; he was driven to accept office from a sense of duty, 
 and not by ambition. As soon as the duty was discharged 
 he returned to private life. In the year 1S37, at the request 
 of a friend, he wrote a series of letters detailing at some 
 length such facts and incidents relating to the early settle- 
 ment of the Northwestern Territory as were within his 
 recollection and were considered worth preserving. These 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 423 
 
 letters were laid before the Historical Society of Ohio, and 
 ordered to be printed among the- transactions of that institu- 
 tion. A few years later, at the solicitation of many personal 
 friends, he revised and enlarged these letters and put them 
 in a form more convenient for publication, and in 1847 
 published his “Notes on the Northwestern Territory,” 
 which is a very valuable contribution to the history of this 
 region. Judge Burnet was mariied on the second day of 
 January, 1800, at Marietta, Ohio, to Rebecca Wallace, 
 daughter of the Rev. Matthew W'allace, a Presbyterian 
 clergyman, with whom he lived in wedlock fifty-thiee years, 
 and who outlived him fourteen years. By her he had 
 eleven children, five of whom arrived at maturity and sur- 
 vived him at his death. In appearance Judge Burnet was 
 rather above medium height, erect in form, with animated 
 countenance and piercing eyes. His manners were digni- 
 fied and courteous to all. Reared in the school of Wash- 
 ington and Hamilton, he had the manners of that age. His 
 colloquial powers were uncommonly fine. He expressed 
 himself in ordinary conversation with the precision, energy, 
 and polish of an accomplished orator. His opinions were 
 clear, sharply defined, and held with great tenacity. His 
 friendships were ardent and lasting. Time or outward 
 changes made with him no difference. He who once won 
 his friendship, unless proved to be unworthy, enjoyed it for 
 life. It is related of him that when Aaron Burr was in 
 Cincinnati seeking to enlist in his treasonable designs as 
 many prominent persons as possible, he sought an interview 
 with Judge Burnet, who, although unaware of Burr’s de- 
 signs, yet peremptorily refused to receive him, giving as his 
 reason that he would never shake the hand of the murderer 
 of Hamilton, his father’s friend and his own. In morality 
 and integrity he was above suspicion both in his public 
 career and in private life. He was a firm believer in the 
 truth of Christianity and the inspiration of the Bible ; and 
 although a Presbyterian both from conviction and prefer- 
 ence, he was far removed from anything like sectarian 
 bigotry. Ministers of all denominations were at all times 
 welcome and honored guests in his house. On the loth 
 of May, 1853, in his eighty-fourth year, with his mind still 
 vigorous, his memory still unimpaired, and his bodily vigor 
 such as to give promise of still more advanced old age, he 
 died at his home in Cincinnati, of acute disease, after a 
 comparatively short illness. 
 
 ’■’/ifTLY’ JAMES SYKES, M. D., Physician, Surgeon, 
 0. 1 If Druggist, was born near Darlington, Hartford 
 C'Vf I county, Maryland, August 22d, 1832. His par- 
 ents, Jacob Ely and Sarah (Brown) Ely, were 
 members of the Society of Friends. His paternal 
 ancestors came from England to America in the 
 year of the foundation by William Penn of the city of Phil- 
 adelphia, and under the auspices of that famous Quaker. 
 
 He moved with his parents to Ohio when three months of 
 age, settling in Morristown, Belmont county. His early 
 education, necessarily limited in degree and kind, was ob- 
 tained in a common school and in a seminary which had a 
 brief existence in the village of Lloydsville. After the an-e 
 of twelve years his studies were pursued with ardent perse- 
 verance at home, but without the aid of a preceptor. While 
 in his seventeenth year he began the study of medicine 
 under the supervision of Dr. C. Schooley, then of Marlin’s 
 Ferry, Belmont county, C)hio, and finished the standard 
 course, as it was constituted at the time, in three years. 
 Deterred by his extreme youthfulness from entering at once 
 and actively on the practice of his profession, he assumed 
 the role of educator temporarily, and found employment in 
 teaching until 1S56. He then began the practice of medi- 
 cine in Somerton, Belmont county, Ohio, and in the early 
 part of the year 1S62 attended lectures at the Medical 'Col- 
 lege of Ohio, in Cincinnati, graduating in the following 
 June. Upon a call being made for surgeons, for service in 
 the Union army of volunteers, he attended an examination 
 held in Columbus, Ohio, and was commissioned Assistant 
 Surgeon of the 126th Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, No- 
 vember i8th, 1862. He joined the regiment at Cumber- 
 land, Maryland. June 14th, 1863, when that force was 
 driven out of Martinsburg, Virginia, he volunteered to 
 remain with the wounded Union soldiers, and consequently 
 fell into the hands of the enemy, by whom he was paroled 
 and kindly treated. About the 12th of the succeeding 
 August he rejoined his regiment at New York city. While 
 at Martinsburg two corps of Lee’s army passed through the 
 place en route to Gettysburg, and he then counted 256 
 pieces of artillery in their train. On their return he “ had 
 the pleasure of hearing Lee’s troops d — n him for the de- 
 feat.” Following the fortunes of the regiment, he received 
 a commission as Surgeon, February 8th, 1864. In the 
 ensuing March he passed the examination of the United 
 States Board of Examiners, at Washington, District of 
 Columbia, and was commissioned Assistant Surgeon of 
 United States Volunteers by the President, April 21st, 1864. 
 The eve of the inauguration of the Wilderness campaign 
 being at hand, he resolved to hold this commission and 
 remain with the regiment. He was subsequently assigned 
 to the operating staff of his brigade, and there found inces- 
 sant, trying, and exhaustive work. Upon the arrival of the 
 army at Cold Harbor he reported to the head-quarters of 
 the Army of the Potomac, and was assigned to duty with 
 the depot field hospitals at White House, Virginia. In the 
 latter part of June, 1864, these hospitals were removed to 
 City Point, Virginia. He was there on duty for a time with 
 the 6th Army Corps Hospital, and also with the 5th Army 
 Corps Hospital. On December 22d, 1864, he was placed 
 in charge of Cavalry Corps Hospital, principally, however, 
 for the purpose of accomplishing its reorganization. Early 
 in January, 1865, he was placed in charge of the Depot 
 Field Hospital of the 6th Army Corps, and retained that 
 
424 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 position until after Lee’s surrender and all the hospitals at 
 the place were broken up. May 26th, 1865, having re- 
 mained until the last moment, he transferred all the remain- 
 ing hospital inmates aboard the hospital steamer “ Connect- 
 icut,” in charge of J. B. Hood, Surgeon of United States 
 Volunteers, for transit to Washington city. After turning 
 in all medical and hospital supplies, he was ordered to duty 
 at the Camp Dennison Hospital, June, 1865, under Dr. 
 McDermot, Surgeon of United States Volunteers. On the 
 following August 12th he was ordered to take charge of the 
 City General Hospital at Indianapolis, Indiana, where he 
 was eventually mustered out, leaving the service October 
 l6th, 1865. He then returned to his home, and November 
 7th of the same year moved to Barnesville, Belmont county, 
 Ohio, where he has since permanently resided, engaged in 
 the control of a prosperous drug trade. After reaching 
 home he received a brevet promotion from the United 
 States. In 1868 he was appointed United States Examin- 
 ing Surgeon for Pensions. His first votes were cast in 
 favor of the “Free-Soil” party, and since the rise of the 
 Republican party he has uniformly given it a warm and 
 earnest support, and used his best endeavors to contribute 
 to its success. 
 
 TEWART, HENRV C., Proprietor of the Empire 
 Bakeiy, Cincinnati, was born October 3d, 1838, 
 at the village of Mount Washington, Hamilton 
 county, Ohio. On the paternal side he is of 
 Scotch extraction. He worked at farming until 
 he was sixteen years of age, attending the district 
 school during the winter months. He then entered a 
 country store as clerk, where he remained two years, in the 
 meantime devoting his leisure hours to the study of book- 
 keeping, and was quite a proficient when his engagement 
 ceased at this store, having also gained a general knowledge 
 of business. He subsequently found employment as a 
 bookkeeper and salesman in a lumber establishment, where 
 he gave entire satisfaction to the proprietor during the year 
 of his service. At the expiration of his engagement there, 
 it now being the autumn of 1859, he made a trip South 
 with a flat-boat laden with produce, and returned in July, 
 i860. In September of the same year he commenced 
 making preparations for a second trip, and started in 
 November and returned in April, 1861, this venture also 
 proving a successful one. On his return home he was 
 elected to the clerkship of .Spencer township, on the Demo- 
 cratic ticket, and served in that position with satisfaction 
 until the following September, when he resigned and 
 enlisted as a private soldier in the 4Sth Ohio Regiment of 
 Infantry, and soon after — on account of his superior quali- 
 fication for the position — was made a Quartermaster Ser- 
 geant, which office he held until January, 1863, when by a 
 special order, at his own request, he received a discharge 
 and returned to Cincinnati, where he remained until March. 
 
 He then proceeded to Lagrange, Tennessee, to accept a 
 position in the Quartermaster’s Department as clerk, again 
 returning to Cincinnati in the following November, and 
 again entered the Quartermaster’s Department as Auditing 
 Clerk, under Captain D. W. McClellung, which position he 
 held for two and a half years, or until three months after 
 the close of the war, his services being highly appreciated 
 during the whole period. On returning to private life he 
 accepted a position as bookkeeper in a wholesale mercan- 
 tile house on West Front street, where he remained until 
 August, 1870, at which time he purchased a furniture 
 factory north of the canal, and commenced the manufacture 
 of bedsteads. The business, however, did not prove re- 
 munerative, and he disposed of the establishment in 1872, 
 and subsequently opened a flour store at No. 33 Vine 
 street, under the firm-name of H. C. Stewart & Co., and 
 shortly after the house went into operation he established a 
 bakery at 344 West .Sixth street. This latter business soon 
 grew to such proportions as to oblige him to close his busi- 
 ness on Vine street and devote his whole time to the bakery. 
 He accordingly disposed of his interest in the flour store, 
 and has since given all his energy and attention to his last 
 venture. It was not long, however, before his increasing 
 business demanded more commodious quarters. He accord- 
 ingly removed to the large store and bakery in the Murch 
 block, on Sixth street near Central avenue, known as 
 Murch’s Arcade. After two years, again finding the prem- 
 ises too restricted for the business, he was obliged to seek a 
 larger building, and finally secured the commodious struc- 
 ture Nos. 336 to 342 West Sixth street, between Smith and 
 Mound, formerly known as the Central Market. Here he 
 has fitted up the largest and most complete establishment of 
 its kind in the West. He is a thorough business man, 
 affable, polite, and courteous to all. His success furnishes 
 evidence that by industry, energy, and perseverance, with 
 correct principles and integrity of character, a man can 
 raise himself to the highest standing among the business 
 men of a great city. He was married June 22d, 1864, to 
 Irene Roll, of Cincinnati, and is the father of four children, 
 three daughters and one son. 
 
 NDREWS, COLONEL LORIN, ex-President of 
 Kenyon College, was born in Ashland county, 
 Ohio, April 1st, 1819. His early life was passed 
 on his father’s farm, and in obtaining a good 
 common school education. He afterwards took 
 a collegiate course, and spent some time in com- 
 mon school teaching. He became warmly interested in the 
 improvement of the common schools. He was a prominent 
 member and officer of the Ohio Teachers’ Association ; in 
 1853 its choice for State School Commissioner, and in 1854 
 its President. At the height of his influence and labors he 
 was chosen President of Kenyon College, and, as was said 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 425 
 
 by Bishop Mcllvaine in his funeral sermon, “ all the 
 highest expectations of his administration were more than 
 fulfilled.” In April, 1861, when President Lincoln made 
 his call for troops, his was the first name received by Gov- 
 ernor Dennison. He was commissioned Colonel of the 
 4th Ohio Infantry, enlisted for three months. When this 
 organization was changed to one calling for three years’ ser- 
 vice, he was retained in the same command. He fell a 
 victim to the exposure incident to camp life while stationed 
 in West Virginia. His death occurred at Gambier, Ohio, 
 whither he had gone to be cared for, September tSth, 1861. 
 He was a patriot of the purest type, and one of the earliest 
 and costliest offerings of Ohio to the cause of the Union. 
 
 ’eITZEL, colonel lewis. Collector of In- 
 ternal Revenue, P'irst District of Ohio, was born 
 in Cincinnati, August 20th, 1837. He received 
 his education in the common schools of that city, 
 and afterwards served an apprenticeship to the 
 trade of brass. After finishing his trade he went 
 to New Orleans, and remained in the Southwest until the 
 breaking out of the war. Returning home, he enlisted as a 
 private in the 28lh Ohio Infantry. He rose from the ranks 
 to a First Lieutenancy, and then resigned his commission to 
 return home to attend to some interests demanding his at- 
 tention. He re-entered the army as a Captain and Aide-de- 
 Camp on General Butler’s staff, being afterwards transferred 
 to the 25th Corps, commanded by his brother. General God- 
 frey Weitzel. After the fall of Richmond he accompanied 
 his brother’s command to Texas, and was mustered out of 
 the service in March, 1866. A month later he entered the 
 revenue service in a subordinate capacity, and in April, 1869, 
 he was appointed Collector. When the consolidation of the 
 districts took place he was made an Assessor, but was even- 
 tually again appointed Collector. 
 
 REARING, BRIGADIER GENERAL BENJA- 
 MIN D. 4 NA, Merchant, was born in Harmar, 
 Washington county, Ohio, October loth, 1837. 
 His paternal grandfather, Hon. Paul I'earing, 
 moved to the West with the first colony of the 
 Ohio Company, and at the first court organized in 
 the Northwestern Territory, held in the block-house at Cam- 
 pus Martius, now Marietta, Ohio, in 1788, was admitted an 
 attorney, and was the pioneer lawyer of the Territory. In 
 1797, in Cincinnati, he was appointed Judge. He also was 
 the first delegate from the Northwest Territory, then em- 
 bracing the whole of the United .States possessions west 
 and north of the Ohio river, to the national Congress. 
 Through his maternal grandfather, Benjamin Dana, also a 
 member of the Ohio Company, and one of the colony which 
 54 
 
 founded Marietta, General Fearing is the lineal descendant 
 of the fourth generation from General Israel Putnam. His 
 youth was spent in his native place, chiefly in attendance at 
 various schools, and in 1856 he graduated from Marietta 
 College. The following two years he passed in the whole- 
 sale book and publishing house of Moon, Wilstach & Kay, 
 Cincinnati, and the succeeding three years in the wholesale 
 house of Shaffer & Roberts, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 
 While on a visit to Cincinnati in 1861 he received there the 
 news of the firing upon Fort Sumter. Two days later he 
 enlisted in the Zouave Guard, which immediately upon its 
 organization set out for Washington, District of Columbia. 
 At the subsequent organization of regiments at Harrisburg, 
 Pennsylvania, the Guard became Company D of the 2d 
 Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, with which he pro- 
 ceeded to the imperilled capital, and thence to Virginia 
 under the command of General Schenck. On the march, 
 attending the battle of Bull Run, in which his company par- 
 ticipated from the opening to the close, he received his first 
 promotion, being made P'ourth Corporal. After the battle 
 he was offered, at Washington, by the Representatives in 
 Congress from his district, the Adjutancy of the 36th Regi- 
 ment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and again had it urged upon 
 his acceptance at Columbus, Ohio. On both occasions the 
 offer met with a refusal, as it was his intention to enter a 
 regiment then in course of formation in the Quaker City. 
 While with the Zouave company he was under the tuition 
 of a French drill-master, and one of Ellsworth’s best drill- 
 sergeants, then an officer in the guard. He also had the ad- 
 vantage of the instruction given the regiment by Colonel 
 Alexander McCook, and, as he purposed serving until the 
 termination of the contest, he spent every available moment 
 in study and practice, and lost no opportunity to gain infor- 
 mation that could be of service in the eventful future. On 
 the day of his discharge from the army, at the request of 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Clark and Major Andrew, he entered 
 the camp of the 36th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 
 to assist in the instruction and organization of this body. 
 At their urgent request, he accompanied those troops to 
 West Virginia, on a sudden call to the field, serving in the 
 double capacity of Acting Adjutant-General to General 
 Slemmer — then in command of an important exiiedition— - 
 and Adjutant to Major Andrew, then in command of the 
 forces. While in that service he received the appointment 
 of First Lieutenant and Adjutant of the 63d Regiment Ohio 
 Volunteer Infantry. Winning the esteem of General Slem- 
 mer by his zeal and ability, he was recommended by this 
 officer to the Governor of Ohio for appointment to the 
 Colonelcy of the 36th Regiment. Major Andrew, who had 
 left the regiment in order to bear the recommendation to 
 the Governor, met at Rosecrans’ head-quarters Captain 
 George Crook, of the 4th Regulars, the possessor, in propria 
 persona, of the commission applied for. He then served 
 through an im[iortant period as Crook’s AdjutanI, and re- 
 ceived an appointment as Major, with orders to report to 
 
426 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 Colonel Hildebrand, then recruiting the 77th Regiment 
 Ohio Volunteer Infanti-y, at Camp Putnam, Ohio. There, 
 knowing that the call to the front would be sharp and quick, 
 he worked by night and by day to transform the new men 
 fresh from the country into disciplined soldiers. While 
 Grant was in front of Eort Donelson the expected summons 
 came on a Sunday morning : “ Your regiment will move 
 at once to Paducah, Kentucky, and report to General W. 
 T. Sherman. How soon will your command be ready to 
 march?” The superior officer being absent and unattain- 
 able by telegraph, he answered In an hour.” He then 
 departed by the earliest train and boat, and his regiment was 
 the first, out of the nine ordered from Ohio, to report at 
 Paducah, Kentucky, to General W. T. Sherman. Early in 
 April, when Sherman was conducting an expedition for the 
 destruction of the bridges on the railroad near luka, Missis- 
 •sippi, sudden and heavy rains caused a rise in the bayous, 
 which, taking effect upon Yellow creek, threatened seriously 
 to cut off the return of his division to the boats. Fearing 
 rode to the front, and, reporting the situation to Sherman, 
 asked permission to build bridges of boats. Granting the 
 request, Sherman gave him orders to the commodore of the 
 fleet for all the yawls and gangway-planks needed from the 
 fleet, and instructions to construct pontoon bridges. So 
 rapidly and well was this order executed, that the General 
 deemed it fitting to notice him in a highly complimentary 
 manner. Afterward, while with Sherman, he was intrusted 
 with a large share of the bridging opemtions on railroads 
 and over streams, and of the construction of corduroy roads 
 through the great swamp lands. At the battle of -Shiloh, 
 Colonel Hildebrand being in command of a brigade, while 
 the Lieutenant-Colonel was at home, the command of the 
 regiment devolved upon him, with the troops posted at 
 Shiloh Church, the line of the regiment traversing the main 
 Corinth road, which was regarded by Sherman as the key- 
 point of his position. Realizing the importance of his post, 
 he retained it with persistent tenacity and gallantly repulsed 
 the desperate charges of the exultant and confident enemy 
 for the capture of Taylor’s Battery, A, of Chicago. The 
 General commended the conduct of this regiment in its de- 
 termined and protracted struggle for the position of the 
 church, and in baffling the enemy in all his attempts to cap- 
 ture the coveted battery. The brigade commander, in his 
 official report, says : “ Major Benjamin D. Fearing, who com- 
 manded the 77th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, was cool and 
 brave, and acquitted himself with as much skill as an old 
 officer of larger experience, and was not excelled by any 
 other field-officer who came under my observation.” Dur- 
 ing the battle of Shiloh he kept his regiment well into the 
 edge of the fight. Its loss tells the stoiy of its part in that 
 engagement; one officer and forty-nine rank and file killed; 
 seven officers and one hundred and seven men wounded, 
 and three officers and fifty-three men missing ; total killed, 
 wounded and missing, two hundred and twenty. From 
 Shiloh he commanded the regiment in all the active opera- 
 
 tions of Sherman’s division during the siege of Corinth— 
 constructing field-works, roads and bridges, picketing, skir- 
 mishing and fighting, until it rested in Fort Pickering, Mem- 
 phis, Tennessee, July 21st, 1862. He was then promoted 
 to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and, having been mus- 
 tered out of the 77th Regiment to secure the promotion, re- 
 ported to his new command, the 92d Regiment Ohio Volun- 
 teer Infantry, in his native State. Now again eame the 
 arduous labor of urging forward the preparation of his men 
 for the approaching conflict. Spending very little time in 
 the camp of instruction, however, they were soon ordered 
 to the front, and, after a stirring period of marching and 
 fighting in Virginia, moved with General Crook’s command 
 to East Tennessee, where there was an endless round of 
 exciting soldier-life. Here, Colonel Van Voorhes being 
 compelled by ill health to resign his position, Lieutenant- 
 Colonel P'earing was promoted to the vacated Colonelcy. 
 The command then joined the main Army of the Cumber- 
 land, with Crook’s 3d Brigade in 4th Division, 14th Army 
 Corps, and led the advance in the grand movement south in 
 the spring. He was at the head of his regiment in the fight 
 at Hoover’s Gap, which General Reynolds gave him to hold 
 after a magnificent charge, in which the cavalry of the di- 
 vision had driven the enemy through and beyond the por- 
 tion. The forces at his comm.and to relieve the cavalry 
 were the l8th Regiment Kentucky Volunteer Infantry, the 
 92d Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Andrew’s Battery. 
 The enemy made a splendid effort to plant himself in the 
 gap and I'epo-ssess it, but this vantage-ground was steadily 
 held until the 14th Army Corps, under General Thomas, 
 moved through the gap and swept everything before them. 
 Soon after this came an important rcconnoissance u|) to the 
 enemy’s works at Tullahoma, where he gained information 
 of the greatest moment to the General in command. His 
 regiment then fell under the command of that famous fighter. 
 General John B. Turchin, and under him, with Reynolds’ 
 Division, 14th Army Corps, marched to Chickamauga, and 
 was engaged in the very important preliminary skirmishes 
 at Catlett’s Gap, in Pigeon Mountain, the Chattanooga and 
 Lafayette Pike, and at Lane's Church. At the opening of 
 the action at Chickamauga he was sent in command of the 
 1 8th Regiment Kentucky Volunteer Infantry and the gid 
 Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry to recover some lost 
 ground and recapture the lost regular battery (the rest of the 
 brigade moving rapidly to a left point of the field where 
 matters were approaching a crisis). After a sharp and stub- 
 born contest the ground was retaken, the enemy falling back 
 under the persistent pressure. In a third attempt to retake 
 the battery he was severely wounded, a ball passing through 
 the front part of his right and the thick portion of his left 
 thigh. (The battery was eventually recaptured by the 9th 
 Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry in the same charge, 
 which body entered into action on the right of the 92d 
 Regiment.) The enemy on the following day captured the 
 hospital in which Fearing, his officers and men had been 
 
Oaloxv Pub Co. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 427 
 
 placed, but a cavalry dash under Minty recovered the build- 
 ing temporarily, and the greater portion of those installeil 
 there were thus enabled to make good their escape. He 
 and four of his officers were saved by the cool and heroic 
 conduct of his colored servant, who carried them to an am- 
 bulance, and under a continuous fire drove them a distance 
 of two miles, bringing them finally within the protection of 
 the Federal lines. When sufficiently recovered for partial 
 duty, he was detailed on several courts-martial at Cincinnati 
 and Louisville, where he remained on duty until March, 
 1864. His regiment made a name and a splendid record at 
 Chickamauga, under the leadership of Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Putnam, in Turchin’s famous charge, where he hewed a 
 way out for Thomas and Reynolds, and formed a part of 
 the illustrious rear-guard that devoted itself heroically to 
 save the main army. Also it gained distinction at the mem- 
 orable storming of Mission Ridge. Turchin’s lirigade had 
 been manoeuvring in front of the rebel position from the 
 2 1 St until the 25th of November — now' spectators of the stern 
 struggle of Hooker for Lookout Mountain, now on the left 
 watching with eager impatience the mortal combat of the 
 Army of the Tennessee under Sherman. P'inally, bracing 
 themselves for the perilous feat of scaling the ridge, the 92d, 
 36th and nth Ohio, supported by the 31st, 17th and 89th 
 Ohio Regiments and the 82(1 Indiana, moved steadily over 
 the plain and through the woods, swept over the works be- 
 neath and advanced unvaryingly for those on the crest. No 
 position ever presented more difficulties; the Confederate 
 lines, bending back around the head of a ravine that pierced 
 the assaulting lines, breaking them and destroying their im- 
 petus, had their ends terminated in batteries on the advanced 
 knobs. The batteries and supports, as the storming parties 
 rose higher and higher, changed from a front to a flank fire, 
 and as the line struggled, under the crushing storm of grape, 
 canister shot and musketry, through the entanglements at 
 the summit, their guns belched forth terrible havoc. Mid- 
 way up the steep ascent the regiment’s commander, Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel Putnam, was struck down ; near him Lieu- 
 tenant Townsend fell dead, and the color-sergeant and guards 
 met with instant dea h. While rallying the men by the 
 colors, young Captain Whitlesey, a brave and noble officer, 
 was slain. But the men went on ; they needed no leader 
 then. Mingling their tattered flags with those of the 36th 
 and I ith Ohio, they swarmed over the w'orks. While lend- 
 ing the storming party .\djutant Turner received his death- 
 wound. . . . Again at Rocky-Faced Ridge the 92d made its 
 mark ; charging through a retreating Federal line, they 
 valiantly repulsed a charge of the enemy, thus rescuing the 
 color-bearers and colors of an Indiana regiment cut off and 
 at bay. . . . Fearing returned to his command at Ringgold, 
 Georgia, in March, 1864. In the following May he moved 
 south with Turchin’s brigade, and fought with it in that 
 extraordinary campaign which counted one hundred days 
 of continuous fighting, many of the so-called skirmishes 
 swelling into the proportions of grand battles. He took 
 
 part also in the ensuing campaign north, after Hood’s army, 
 also in the march from Atlanta to th,e sea. A\t Savannah he 
 received from President Lincoln a commission as Brigadier- 
 General by brevet, a promotion which was awarded him 
 under the most flattering circumstances. The commission 
 bore date of December 2d, 1864, and was conferred “for 
 gallant and meritorious services during the long campaign 
 from Chattanooga to Atlanta, and from Atlanta to Savan- 
 nah.” He was assigned to duty in Morgan’s division, 2d 
 Division of the 14th Army Corps, and selected the 3d Brig- 
 ade as his command, a body of troops known familiarly as 
 “Colonel Dan McCook’s fighting brigade,” and composed 
 of the following regiments : 85th, 86th, i loth and 125th Illi- 
 nois ; the 22d, Jefferson C. Davis, Indiana, and McCook’s 
 52d Ohio. January 20th, 1865, the brigade marched out 
 of the city of Savannah, crossed the Savannah and “ fol- 
 lowed the eagles into the Carolinas.” Carrying with them 
 ponderous trains and artillery, the troops crossed the Edisto, 
 ■Santee, Broad, .Saluda, Wateree, Catawba, Pedee, Lumber, 
 Cape b'ear and Neuse rivers, and at A verysborough had “a 
 sharp and beautiful fight at close quarters ” with Rhett’s 
 brigade of .South Carolinians, fresh from their defences of 
 Charleston and Sumter. At Bentonville, North Carolina, 
 when the enemy had broken the Union left and centre and 
 was everywhere victi riotts. General Jefferson C. Davis 
 snatched Fearing’s brigade from its post on the right and 
 hurled it impetuously in on ihe right as a forlorn hope, ex- 
 plaining, as the brigade took the charge pace, the great stress 
 and need to General Fearing, in a few sharp and inciting 
 orders : “ Push your w.iy on to their flank at all hazard ; roll 
 it up and cut in as deep as you can ; hang on to it, and give 
 them no rest or time to reform. You must check and hold 
 them for a time, if it cost you the entire brigade.” Lffimask- 
 ing the main line, and putting it abreast on the right (the 
 enemy’s edge) of the heavy line of skirmishers, the charge 
 w.as made with the front of a division. The charge was 
 glorious; square on the tender and sensitive flank. The 
 advancing lines on the left were compelled to inaugurate a 
 new, confused formation, and the sorely-needed check was 
 administered. But what a hornets’ nest the brigade had 
 gotten into in their impetuous onset ! So much ground v\ as 
 gained that their right flank w.as brought into opposition 
 with the enemy’s reserves, and down pounced Hake’s North 
 Carolina division ere the exposed flank could be turned into 
 a front, and then ensued a desperate struggle in the Trouble- 
 Field .Swamps, which resulted ultimately in the defeat of 
 the rebels. During this terrible action Fearing’s horse was 
 shot under him, while a Minie ball carried away the thumb, 
 forefinger, and a part of his right hand. This wound proved 
 a dangerous one, and permanently disabled him for active 
 service in the field. Van Horne, in his “ History of the 
 Army of the Cumberlami,” after describing in detail the 
 battle, thus sums it u]) : “Viewed in relation to the magni- 
 tude of the army successfully resisted by eight brigades of in- 
 fantry and Kilpatrick’s division of cavalry, which held posi- 
 
428 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 tion on the left and rear, the objects and hopes of the enemy | 
 and the character of the fighting by Morgan’s division, the 
 engagement takes rank amongst the great decisive battles 
 of the war. The defence under such unequal conditions 
 was triumphantly successful, and General Johnston here 
 failed in the only special aggressive effort against General 
 Sherman in his march from Atlanta to Raleigh. That the 
 issue turned upon the action of the brigades of Mitchell, 
 Vanderveer and Fearing cannot be doubted. The two 
 former did not give an inch of ground to the enemy, though 
 thrown into single lines, cut off from support, surrounded 
 and compelled to fight in front and rear. The action of 
 Fearing’s brigade was not less important, as it disturbed and 
 defeated General Johnston’s combination to utilize for com- 
 plete success his first advantage. General Fearing fought 
 in complete isolation for some time, without defences, and 
 when his right flank was struck by the enemy, with such 
 force as to shatter it, he changed front upon his left, rallied 
 his shattered troops, and held the ground essential to the- 
 stability of the new line. The later dispositions and re- 
 sistance by the whole command gave a symmetry and bril- 
 liancy to the conflict which have seldom found expression in 
 such urgent improvision.” At the close of the war he re- 
 signed his position, and was then offered the rank of Major 
 in the regular army, which, however, he declined to accept. 
 Having as a private taken part in the first important battle 
 of the war, and as commander of a brigade in the closing 
 action, he resolved to return to his home, gladdened by the 
 reflection that he had assisted in a measure in the saving of 
 the nation’s life. The names of those places where he fought 
 for his country’s flag are now historic : Manassas; the battles 
 of West Virginia, Shiloh, Cation Mountain, luka, Corinth, 
 Carthage, Hoover’s Gap, Tullahoma, Catlett’s Gap, Lane’s 
 Church, Chickamauga, Chattanooga, Buzzard Roost, Rocky- 
 Faced Ridge, Resaca, Etowah, Allatoona Pass, Pine Knob, 
 Kenesaw (June 27th), Nicojack, Peach Tree Creek, Chat- 
 tahoochee (July 20th, 22d and 28th), Utoy Creek, Rough 
 and Ready, Jonesborough, Atlanta; the regions traversed in 
 the march to the sea; Savannah; through the Carolinas; 
 Averysborough, Bentonville. As a field-officer he was ever 
 ready, night and day, for active service; was quick to seize 
 upon all the salient points of a position for defence, attack, 
 or picket ; was admirably careful in the selection of good 
 camping ground ; attended personally to the instruction and 
 comfort of his troops ; knew the men of his regiment by 
 name, and also their qualities ; possessed the ability which 
 organizes rapidly and effectively in the camp or during ac- 
 tion ; was strict in discipline, and under all circumstances 
 w.as extremely wary in his measures to avoid surprises, while 
 incessantly devising new measures to ensure the safety of 
 his command; once engaged, he never hesitated to expose 
 either it or himself, when extremities demanded a sacrifice. 
 Upon his retirement from the service, and before his wounds 
 were entirely healed, he purchased an interest in a manufac- 
 turing company, whose business relations extended through- 
 
 out all the States. The works were at Mansfield, Ohio, 
 Blymyer, Day & Co., and at Cincinnati, Ohio, Blymyer, 
 Horton & Co., with a distributing house in Chicago, Bly- 
 myer, Fearing & Co. He settled in Mansfield primarily, 
 then took the field and devoted himself to the task of 
 establishing a complete system of agencies in all the States 
 for the sale of the machinery manufactured by the houses 
 with which he was connected. -From 1866 to 1871 he 
 travelled from seven to eight months during each year in 
 the South and West assiduously engaged in prosecuting this 
 business. In 1872 he relinquished his former relations and 
 associated himself with T. J. Cochran, one of his old com- 
 rades in the army, in the manufacture and sale of oil, and 
 in a general commission business, under the firm-style of 
 Cochran & Fearing, at Cincinnati, Ohio. The partnership 
 is still in existence, and they are the' proprietors of lire Anchor 
 Oil Works, Cincinnati. 
 
 MITII, RICHARD, Editor of the Cincinnati 
 Gazelle, was born in Ireland, January 30th, 1823. 
 In 1841 he came to America. One of his brothers 
 had preceded him and located in Cincinnati, and 
 through this brother’s instrumentality the other 
 members of his family were brought to this country 
 after the death of their father. Mr. Smith had received a 
 fair education in the old country, but not at once finding 
 anything to suit his inclination, he spent the first three years 
 of his residence in Cincinnati in learning and working at 
 the carpenter’s trade. He was afterwards connected with 
 the Chronicle newspaper, which was subsequently merged 
 into the Gazelle. In 1S46 he became Assistant Superin- 
 tendent of the Chamber of Commerce, and in the following 
 year was appointed Agent of the Associated Press. This 
 position he held until 1850, when he was appointed Super- 
 intendent of the Chamber of Commerce. This he resigned 
 in 1855 on account of his connection with the Gazelle, which 
 had been entered into during the preceding year. He soon 
 acquired a small proprietary interest in and is now the 
 largest individual stockholder and the responsible editor of 
 the Gazelle. In 1867 he received the nomination of his 
 party for Congressional Representative from the Hamilton 
 county district, but was not successful. He has always been 
 a Republican, and through his management the Gazelle has 
 become one of the most reliable and solid organs of the 
 party principles in the country, as well as the most high- 
 toned and safe among secular journals on all questions of 
 the day. He is a writer of more than ordinary ability, and 
 a fine speaker, and although his body is too short and light, 
 yet his large head and general aspect, with his earnest man- 
 ners, will always give him weight and mark him favorably 
 before an audience or in a public body. He is one of the 
 noteworthy successful men of the day, and has, in addition 
 to his fine position as a leading journalist and his high stand- 
 ing in the business community, acquired a comfortable for- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 429 
 
 tune. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church. In 
 1S46 he was married to Mary Quinn, of Kentucky, and has 
 a family of five children. 
 
 ENIG, GEORGE, M. D., Physician and Surgeon, 
 was born in Chambersburg, Franklin county, 
 Pennsylvania, on November 25th, 1785. He 
 received a good English education, and had some 
 knowledge of the classics. His familiarity with 
 drugs, acquired while conducting his father’s 
 store, suggested the study of medicine, and he at once 
 entered upon it with all the ardor of his impetuous nature. 
 His preceptor was Dr. S. D. Culbertson, of his native place, 
 a man of brilliant intellect, large e.xperience, and extensive 
 practice. In 1809 he married and commenced the practice 
 of medicine in Strawsburg, a village in the same county in 
 which he was born. During his residence here, a period 
 of three years, he formed the acquaintance of Dr. William 
 Awl, who was also just entering upon the active duties of 
 life in a neighboring town. Between them arose a sincere 
 friendship and mutual esteem, the social intercourse and 
 kindly offices resulting from which were renew'ed after a 
 lengthy separation, in this city, and continued uninterrupted 
 until his death. On the breaking out of the war of 1812, he 
 was appointed Surgeon’s Mate to a regiment from his own 
 county, of which his preceptor. Dr. Culbertson, was Surgeon. 
 Soon after his return home at the expiration of his commis- 
 sion, he removed to McConnellsburg, Bedford county, a 
 beautiful village situated in one of the most fertile and pic- 
 turesque valleys of the State. Here he spent thirty years in 
 the active and laborious pursuits of a profession to which he 
 was almost idolatrously attached, and of which he was 
 indeed an ornament. During the greater part of the many 
 years the doctor .spent there, he w'as the sole representative 
 of the medical profession within a radius of fifteen or 
 twenty miles. The amount of labor he was compelled to 
 do would be appalling to almost any physician of the present 
 day. Although eminently successful as a practitioner of 
 medicine, his strong bias was toward the department of 
 surgery, and here his mechanical skill was no small element ' 
 in his success. He had extraordinary constructive powers. 
 He made with his own hands, notwithstanding his extensive 
 business, most of his means and appliances for the treatment 
 of fractures, and they were in those days numerous and 
 complicated. He invented, and had constructed, beds for 
 sick and injured persons; easy chairs admitting of every 
 variety of motion ; fine electric apparatuses ; and a great 
 many ingenious addenda calculated to amuse and instruct. 
 In this way his mechanical skill was of much service to 
 him, but especially so in the facility with which it enabled 
 him to perform surgical operations. In the social questions 
 of the day he took an active and influential part, espec- 
 ially in the first temperance movement. Always temperate 
 himself, he was an implacable foe to intemperance. He 
 
 was frequently called out to deliver temperance lectures, 
 many of which found their way into print. He was widely 
 known for his skill in obstetrics, and his aid was sought 
 frequently at distances remote from his own proper theatre 
 of action. He wrote and published a small treatise on this 
 subject. In 1840 Dr. Denig found his health failing, and 
 concluded to go West and engage in some other pursuit. 
 He removed to Columbus, Ohio, in 1841, and established 
 the drug store of Denig & Son. In politics in his young 
 days he was a Jeffersonian Democrat, in maturer life a 
 Whig, and in his declining years an uncompromising Re- 
 publican. During his whole life he was a consistent 
 member of the Presbyterian Church. His death occurred 
 in 1875. John M. Denig, his son, was born on November 
 17th, iSiS, in McConnellsburg, Pennsylvania. Pie went to 
 Illinois in 1837, and resided there four years. Returning 
 to his native place in 1841, he opened a drug store, and re- 
 mained there until 1849, when he removed to Columbus 
 and continued the drug business in that city. He married, 
 in 1858, Ada S. Buck, daughter of William L. Buck, of 
 Truxton, New York. 
 
 ROWN, PL WILSON, was born in Greenville, 
 Mercer county, Pennsylvania, November 9th, 
 1826, and is of Scotch and Irish lineage, a direct 
 descendant of one of the pilgrims of the May- 
 flower, and a relative.of the Wilson who was one 
 of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. 
 He first attended the common school of his native town, and 
 then finished his education in Westminster College, of Law- 
 rence county, Pennsylvania. He removed to Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, in April, 1847, and engaged as shipping clerk for Peter 
 A. Sprigman & Son. In 1849 he obtained a position as clerk 
 of the steamer “ Hoosier State,” one of the Cincinnati and 
 Madison packets. In November, 1852, he became a mem- 
 ber of the firm of Sprigman & Brown, and was appointed 
 P'reight Agent of the Pennsylvania Railroad for Cincinnati, 
 and has been occupied in that department in connection 
 with the “ Star Union ” and “ National ” lines to the present 
 time. He was an active member of the old volunteer fire 
 department until the steam fire-engines were adopted. 
 When the Harmonic Society was organized he assisted in 
 the work, and became one of its original members, and has 
 been its Vice-President nearly all of the time to the present 
 d.ay. During Phe first four years of the Cincinnati Industrial 
 Exposition he was one of its most energetic officers, serving 
 in 1871 as First Vice-President. In 1869 he was elected an 
 elder in the P'ifth Presbyterian Church of Cincinnati, and is 
 one of its most indefatigable workers. Mr. Brown was 
 married, October 7th, 1852, to Louisa Whiteman Coffin, of 
 Madison, Indiana, and by her has had four children, three 
 boys and one girl — two boys and one girl now living. The 
 eldest, Willie Brown, was born August 8th, 1853, and was 
 
430 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 drowned on the steamer “ Pat Rogers,” August 5th, 1874, 
 and was buried on his twenty-first birthday, August 8th, 
 1S74. He was possessed of a lovely character, of pleasing 
 personal presence, and e.igerly sought for in all social and 
 musical gatherings ; his gay and buoyant spirits were tem- 
 pered with an unfailing courtesy that always made him a 
 welcome and favorite guest. He gave bright promise as a 
 musician, and very few can fill his place in the Harmonic 
 Society. 
 
 ®rt|\jELANO, LINCOLN GOODALE, was born at 
 I Columbus, Ohio, November loih, 1828. His 
 (01 I father, Harry Delano, was born in Ohio, and was 
 ■ engaged in the mercantile business at Columbus, 
 
 Ohio, from 1814 until 1841, the time of his death. 
 His mother was Sarah Denny, daughter of General 
 James Denny, of P.ckaway county, Ohio. Lincoln Goodale 
 Delano attemled schools at Columbus, Ohio, until 1840; he 
 was at that time placed under the instruction of the Rev. E. 
 Washburn, of the Blendon Institute, in P'ranklin county, 
 Ohio. During the year 1843 he entered the mercantile 
 business and remained in it until 1846, when he adopted 
 the profession of Civil Engineer. lie was at Kenyon Col- 
 lege during the year 1851, but continued in the business of 
 Civil Engineer until 1855, when he engaged in driving 
 cattle from Texas to the Chicago and New York markets. 
 He has followed the cattle business and agricuilural pursuits 
 up to the present time. Erom 1870 to 1876 he was a 
 member of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture, and Presi- 
 dent of the Board for the years 1873 and 1874. Governor 
 Allen appointed him one of the Board of Commissioners for 
 the construction of the Central Ohio Hospital for Insane in 
 1874, and to the same position in 1875; he resigned the 
 commission in 1876 to accept the office of Commissioner of 
 Railroads and Telegraphs, tendered him by Governor Allen. 
 He was married, January 15th, 1S61, to Martha Crouse, 
 daughter of Hon. John Crouse, of Ross county, Ohio. 
 
 ELLY, WILLIAM CLAY, Lawyer, was born on 
 the 24lh of March, 1840, in Liberty township, 
 Hancock county, Ohio, of Irish ancestry. He 
 received his education at Findley High School, 
 in his native county, and on leaving school in 
 March, 1855, he commenced at once to teach. 
 From that time until 1861 the greater part of his time was 
 spent in teaching. In the month of December, 1859, he 
 commenced reading law with Hon. Henry Brown, of 
 Findley, and continued reading with him until the 23d of 
 July, 1862. Then he dropped his professional studies for 
 the time, and in connection with Captain Pope and Lieu- 
 tenant Hursh, of Findley, he commenced recruiting Com- 
 pany D of the 99th Ohio Infantry. With this company and 
 
 regiment he entered the service, and remained with them 
 until November, 1862, when he resigned on account of 
 sickness, and returned home. In January, 1863, he en- 
 tered the Ohio Union Law College at Cleveland, from which 
 institution he graduated in June of the same year. Imme- 
 diately after his graduation he was admitted as an attorney 
 in the United .States Court for the Northern District of 
 Ohio. In the month of May of the following year he was 
 admitted on the application of the Hon. Morrison R. 
 Waite, in the District Court of Toledo, to practise law in 
 the State of Ohio. On the l6th of March, 1864, he com- 
 menced the practice of his profession at Wauseon, Fulton 
 county, Ohio, and from that time to the present he has 
 continued to reside there, in active practice. His success 
 from the first has been very great, and he speedily attained 
 a large and growing practice. His natural abilities and his 
 high professional attainments have won for him the confi- 
 dence of all, and he now occupies a leading position in his 
 profession, and his services are constantly in demand. In 
 politics he is a Republican, but his constant professional 
 occupation has precluded much active participation on his 
 part in political affairs. He has held no public office except 
 that of Mayor of Wauseon, to which posilion he was elected 
 in the spring of 1874 over the Prohibition candidate. In 
 person he is of medium height, and has a pleasant and 
 agreeable face. His manner is eminently courteous and 
 prepossessing, and he is as popular socially as he is profes- 
 sionally. He w.as married on the 2d of November, 1867, 
 to Minnie L. Ayers, of Burlington, Iowa. 
 
 cMILLAN, URLMI G., Physician and Druggist, 
 was born in York county, Pennsylvania, January 
 29th, 1826, being the son of Enos McMillan, a 
 farmer, who was a native of the same locality. 
 11 is mother, whose maiden name was Sarah 
 Wright, was born in the same State. In 1837 he 
 went with his parents to Columbiana county, Ohio, where 
 his father afterwards cultivated a farm and ran a mill. The 
 education of Dr. McMillan was begun in this section. His 
 summers were employed in assisting his father, and his 
 winters in study at school. In 1844 he entered the high 
 school at New Lisbon, defraying the expenses of his support 
 and tuition by working during his leisure hours. In 1846, 
 having obtained a tolerably comprehensive knowledge of 
 those branches of study mainly needed in business life, and. 
 of others, the usefulness of which by many at that time was 
 regarded as visionary, he started on a novel undertaking. 
 In company with James W. Marshall, he went about to 
 teach the philosophy of electricity, having obtained an appa- 
 ratus with which to illustrate his lectures. In this line he 
 was very successful, and was able to meet all the obligations 
 which he incurred vvhile a student. In the fall of the same 
 year he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. John P. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDI A. 
 
 431 
 
 Gntell, of Gilford, Ohio, and in 1S49 graduated from the 
 Hudson Medical College at Cleveland. While a student 
 in that city he was a pupil of Ur. St. John, now of the New 
 York School of Medicine and Surgery, and became his 
 assistant in the chair of chemistry in the Hudson Medical 
 College. Dr. McMillan graduated as the second in his 
 class, and in the same year commenced practice in Gilford, 
 Ohio. He started on a tour for the purpose of finding some 
 more suit.ahle location, lecturing and practising dentistry 
 while en route; but returned late in the fall of 1849 without 
 having made any satisfactory discovery. During the ensu- 
 ing winter he visited the Eastern States and lectured in 
 some of the leading colleges. In the fall of 1850 he settled 
 in Clinton, Vermillion county, Indiana, and joined PJr. 
 Isaac B. Hedges in the practice of medicine, and so suc- 
 cessfully as a physician and business manager did he conduct 
 the duties of the partnership that he made a practice pay 
 both himself and Dr. Hedges well. On January ist, 1854, 
 he moved to Bowling Green, Indiana, and in connection 
 with Mr. Pinckley established a drugstore and still con- 
 tinued his professional duties. The latter grew in impor- 
 tance very rapidly in this place, and his skill and care made 
 him ample returns. In the ensuing fall he took into part- 
 nership Dr. R. H. Culbertson, and in the following year 
 established a fine dry-goods store, taking upon himself the 
 financial management of the house, and placing it immedi- 
 ately under the charge of his brother, J. W. McMillan. In 
 1857 he opened a bank and issued its paper himself. The 
 public, which had then scarcely any relialde medium, 
 accepted it in confidence, and this confidence was not 
 betrayed, as every dollar was redeemed. Dr. McMillan 
 proved himself a safe and skilful financier, and .secured a 
 reputation scarcely less distinguished than that he had 
 achieved as a physician. In 1858 he speculated in Iowa 
 lands, and in 1859 in Kansas and other State lands, and 
 was in all these ventures uniformly successful. When, in 
 i860, he moved to Cincinnati to make that his future place 
 of residence, he was the owner in fee simple of several 
 thousand acres of rich land in western States. He estab- 
 lished himself in the drug business, and became in a short 
 time a member of the firm of R. Macready & Co. He con- 
 tinued his connection with this house until February, 1873, 
 when he retired from active mercantile and professional 
 life. Soon after he visited Europe with his family, and 
 travelled through all of the important continental cities. 
 Dr. McMillan has earned a fine reputation for business 
 ability. While a member of the firm of Macready & Co., 
 its sales aggregated over a million dollars annually. All 
 his business undertakings, in a life that has been one of 
 unusual activity and variety, have been prosperous, and not 
 by adventitious aids, but by the exercise of judgment as to 
 the immediate wants of communities, and of enterprise to 
 supply them. Dr. McMillan amassed a large fortune, which 
 he enjoys in retirement with his family. He is a man of 
 profound scientific learning, and almost as much of a stu- 
 
 dent to-day as when preparing himself for professional life. 
 A part of his lime he devotes to books of travel, still hoj^ing 
 to travel round the world, and part to the study of law, 
 especially law pertaining to trade-marks and patents. In 
 the study of law he is carrying out his first thought of a 
 profession in his boyhood. He is scholarly in his tastes, 
 generous in his impulses, and public-sjurited in all his rela- 
 tions to the community which surrounds him. He was 
 married in 1S51 to Ann B. Gwathmey, daughter of Dr. W. 
 B. Gwathmey, of Bowling Green, Indiana. She died in 
 1S54, and in 1859 he was married to Mrs. Ross, daughter 
 of General M. K. Alexander, of Paris, Illinois 
 
 RAZER, ABNER L., Civil Engineer, was born in 
 Columbus, Ohio, on January 2Ist, 1821. He was 
 named after his grandfather. Colonel Abner Lord, 
 one of the early settlers of Marietta, who emi- 
 grated there with his family from Connecticut in 
 1794. While he was yet a child, Abner’s father 
 died, and his mother married Hon. Benjamin Tappan, then 
 a Representative in the Ohio Legislature, and removed to 
 her husband’s home at Steubenville. There the boy grew 
 up, receiving his education at the best schools in the town, 
 and receiving instructions from a private tutor in h'rench 
 and Latin. On reaching his sixteenth year he entered the 
 engineering service of the State of Ohio as rodman, receiv- 
 ing as compensation twelve dollars a month, with an allow- 
 ance of two dollars a week for board, and was assigned to 
 the construction of the Miami canal, from Dayton to Troy. 
 This work was completed in the fall of 1836, and the corps, 
 under charge of Andrew Young as Principal Engineer, and 
 Samuel Farrer as Engineer-in-Chief of the State, went to 
 work on the location and construction of the Wabash & 
 Erie canal, from Manhattan and Toledo westward to the 
 State line. After the location had been accomplished, he 
 was placed in charge of the division from Maumee to Provi- 
 dence, along the rapids of the Maumee, Daniel B. Taylor 
 acting as Principal Assistant Engineer. The malarial cha- 
 racter of the climate told severely upon the constitution of 
 Abner Frazer, and he was eventually compelled to abandon 
 his work in that section of country, and return to Steuben- 
 ville, his health shattered. A winter trip to New Orleans, 
 as supercargo of a flat boat belonging to his brother, James 
 A. Frazer, was of great benefit to him, and he returned to 
 Steubenville, much improved in health. On his return to 
 .Steubenville he acted upon the suggestion of Judge Tappan, 
 then a member of the United States Senate and a prominent 
 ])olitician, and purchased an interest in the Democratic 
 newspaper of Jefferson county, and at once commenced 
 editorial work upon it. His paper, the Union, 
 took a radical and uncompromising attitude regarding 
 banks, the tariff, and other topics that were then prominent 
 political issues. Political work and political study went 
 
432 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL encyclop.l:dia. 
 
 together with him, and in his studies he began at the begin- 
 ning, and gave more and deeper thought to the Declaration 
 of Independence than he had hitherto done. This led him 
 gradually, but irresistibly, to the conviction that slavery was 
 wrong; and under the force of this conviction he became a 
 “ Free-Soiler,” and identified himself wdth the Republican 
 party at its earliest organization. In the meantime he 
 bought the only book store in the place, and infused his 
 characteristic energy into the business, in addition to attend- 
 ing to his editorial labors. When the question of latitudinal 
 railroads across Ohio began to be considered, his public 
 spirit became fully aroused. He believed Steubenville was 
 on the direct route between Philadelphia and New York 
 and the West, and in this belief assisted in the reconnois- 
 sance between Pittsburgh and Columbus. He found the 
 open-air exercise greatly beneficial to his health, and when 
 the w'ork of locating and constructing the Pittsburgh, Cin- 
 cinnati & St. Louis Railroad — known as the Panhandle 
 Route — came to be done, he assisted in the execution of it. 
 Then he turned his attention to organizing the Steubenville 
 & Indiana Railroad Company, and for a time he and one 
 or tw'o others in Steubenville bore almost the entire weight 
 of the enterprise upon their own shoulders ; and had they 
 not done so, it is doubtful if that now popular road would 
 ever have been built. In 1856 he abandoned the profession 
 of engineering, on account of the necessity which it en- 
 tailed of being so much away from home, and removed to 
 Cincinnati and entered the wholesale grocery house of his 
 brother James. During six years of his residence in Cin- 
 cinnati he wms a member of the Board of Education, and 
 assisted in organizing the University of Cincinnati under its 
 present laws. He wms for a time one of the Board of Offi- 
 cers in the Chamber of Commerce, and while there urged 
 the annual repetition of the textile fabric exhibition, and 
 so promoted what has since become the Cincinnati Indus- 
 trial Exposition. He w'as brought up in the Protestant 
 Episcopal Church, and was confirmed, when twenty-four 
 years old, by Bishop Mcllwaine. He is, and has always 
 been, a strict temperance man, and is also a member of 
 several beneficial societies. He w'as married, when twenty- 
 three years old, to Martha J. McDowell, daughter of Alex- 
 ander J. McDowell, of Steubenville, and granddaughter 
 of Colonel McDowell, who served on General Washington’s 
 medical staff in the Revolution. 
 
 ITTLE, JAMES, M.D., Physician, was born No- 
 vember iith, 1S18, at Morristown, Lamoille 
 county, Vermont, and is the second of five chil- 
 dren, whose parents were James and Anna M. 
 (Shaw) Little, both natives of the same place as 
 their son. His father followed the profession of 
 meilicine, and removed to Ohio in 1818, locating at first at 
 Roseville, in Muskingum county, where he resided until 
 
 1852, thence went to Zanesville, and afterwards to Colamer, 
 in Cuyahoga county, where he died, in November, 1859. 
 He was of Welsh extraction, and his ancestry active partici- 
 pants in the revolutionary war; his wife was of English 
 descent; she died in June, 1832. James Little, their son, 
 was engaged in farm labor untd he was sixteen years old, 
 attending school during the winter months. In 1833 he 
 entered Marietta College, Ohio, and pursued a course of 
 literary study, which he completed in 1837. In this year 
 he began the reading of medicine at Deavertown, Morgan 
 county, which he pursued with energy and assiduity for 
 four years, meanwhile attending the lectures delivered at the 
 Ohio Medical College in Cincinnati. In 1842 he com- 
 menced the practice of his profession at Roseville, Muskin- 
 gum county, and in the autumn of 1843 located at Oakfield, 
 in Perry county, where he sojourned about eight months. 
 He then removed to Deavertown, where he had commenced 
 his studies, and practised there about three years. In 1847 
 he settled at Beverly, in W’ashington county, where he re- 
 sided for twenty-three years, and controlled an extensive 
 practice. In 1870 he went to Logan, in Hocking county, 
 where he now resides, and likewise enjoys an extended and 
 lucrative practice. He has been remarkable for his success- 
 ful treatment of chronic diseases. He was formerly an old 
 line Whig, and polled his maiden vote for General Harrison 
 for President ; since that party ceased to exist, he has sym- 
 pathized with the Republicans. He was County Commis- 
 sioner of Washington county for four years. He has never 
 been connected with any religious society, but entertains 
 liberal views of Christianity. He has always been a tem- 
 perate man ; temperance in language, action and social in- 
 tercourse has always been with him a rule of conduct. He 
 has been remarkable for quick and generous sensibilities, 
 entirely devoid of selfish motives. He was married, Janu- 
 ary 1st, 1845, to Lurana S., daughter of Hon. Silas H. 
 Jennison, Governor of Vermont — a native of Addison 
 county in that Stale. To them were born two children, 
 ■Silas Jennison, on December nth, 1849, and Mary, on 
 August 31st, 1851. This biography would be incomplete 
 without some notice of the distinguished son. He early 
 showed evidences of no ordinary ability to learn, and his 
 parents gave him every facility to gratify his great desire to 
 improve his mind. The best of teachers were employed in 
 the schools at home so that he might be well prepared for 
 college. At the age of twenty he entered the sophomore 
 class in Marietta College, and graduated with high honors 
 in 1872, when he commenced the study of medicine with 
 his father in Logan. In the same year he began attending 
 lectures at Starling Medical College, and graduated with 
 first honors in the spring of 1874, being the valedictorian 
 of his class. Returning home, he commenced at once 
 with his father the practice of his profession, and rapidly, 
 through his kind, generous and faultless disposition and 
 medical ability, gained friends and patronage, until he was 
 called far and near to relieve the afflicted. In February, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL 
 
 1874, the small-pox broke out in Logan in its most terrific 
 form, and he was called by the Board of Health to minister 
 to the sufferers and to stop the progress of the contagion. 
 Having no fear of self and an overpowering desire to do 
 good, he, on the lith day of that month, entered on this 
 terrible mission, working night and day, and assisting at 
 midnight to bury the dead, for so frightened were the citi- 
 zens that no help would they render. In eleven days the 
 young hero was stricken down with the disease, in its most 
 malignant form, and in four days, on February 26th, he 
 passed away a martyr in the cause of humanity. No event, 
 since the assassination of the martyred Lincoln, had so 
 paralyzed the community as the death of this noble young 
 man. The Board of Health was called at once, and passed 
 suitable resolutions, and urged the Common Council of the 
 village to erect at a suitable time a monument to his many 
 virtues and heroism. 
 
 ;^OALE, SAMUEL CHASE, Attorney-at-Law in 
 the city of Cincinnati, was born in Baltimore, 
 Maryland, August 31st, 1818. He was the 
 eldest of six children, only three of whom are 
 now living, and whose parents were Dr. Skip- 
 with H. Coale and Eliza (Chase) Coale, daughter 
 of Judge Samuel Chase, who was one of the signers of the 
 Declaration of Independence from Maryland, and an Asso- 
 ciate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 
 until June 19th, 1811, when he died. His father. Dr. 
 Coale, died in Harford county, Maryland, which was the 
 place of his nativity, January, 1832, where he was widely 
 and favorably known as a skilful and leading physician. 
 His mother’s decease occurred in the same county, March 
 loth, 1853. The subject of this notice received a liberal 
 college education, though principally reared on his father’s 
 farm, and at the age of twenty-one years commenced the 
 study of law in the office of the Hon. Charles F. Mayer, 
 then a prominent lawyer of Baltimore, and an influential 
 citizen of Mai-yland, he having filled many important 
 public positions. In 1843 Coale was admitted to the 
 bar of Baltimore, and commenced the practice of law, but 
 in 1848 he removed to Cincinnati. He did not remain 
 long, however, in the latter city, but after making several 
 changes of domicile, finally established himself in Stark 
 county, in the northern part of the State of Ohio. In 1875 
 he returned to Cincinnati, and has resumed the practice of 
 his profession with a reasonable prospect of success. In 
 politics Mr. Coale was formerly a Whig, having ca.st his 
 fir.-)t vote for General William 1 1 . Harrison, but he has 
 since been attached to the Democratic party. Religiously, 
 he is a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church ; and 
 socially he is a genial and intelligent gentleman, one of 
 that class of positive men, who, while they occasionally 
 may make enemies, yet have the faculty of securing and 
 retaining many firm friendships. 
 
 55 
 
 ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 433 
 
 VTANBERY, HON. HENRY, Lawyer and States- 
 man, was born in the city of New York, February 
 20th, 1S03. In 1814 he emigrated with his 
 father’s family to Zanesville, Ohio. He had 
 already passed through a preparatory course of 
 education in New York, and accordingly, in 1815, 
 at the age of twelve, entered Washington College, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and in the fall of 1819 graduated. He immediately 
 began the study of the law in the office of Ebenezer Gran- 
 ger, at Lancaster. Three years afterwards Mr. Granger 
 died. He then continued his studies two years under the 
 direction of General Charles B. Goddard, another distin- 
 guished lawyer of Zanesville. He was thus obliged to 
 remain a student of law for five years, as he could not be 
 admitted before the age of twenty-one. In the spring of 
 1824 he was admitted to the bar by tbe Supreme Court of 
 Ohio at Gallipolis, and at once commenced practice at Lan- 
 caster, under the patronage of Hon. Thomas Ewing. Mr. 
 Ewing was practising in the Supreme Court at the time of 
 Mr. Stanbery’s examination, and afterwards cordially in- 
 vited him to locate at Lancaster, proffering his aid and 
 friendship. This offer the young lawyer was glad to accept. 
 In 1846 the Legislature of Ohio created the office of Attor- 
 ney-General, and elected Mr. Stanbery to the position. He 
 then removed to Columbus, and devoted himself to the 
 duties of his office. This term of office lasted five years. 
 In the summer of 1853 he re_moved to Cincinnati, where he 
 continued the practice with the unusual success and popu- 
 larity which had marked his long residence of twenty-two 
 years at Lancaster. In 1850 he was a member of the Con- 
 stitutional Convention, and in 1866 was nominated for the 
 Supreme Bench of the United States; but this nomination 
 was not acted on in Congress, owing to the passage of a law 
 limiting the number of judges to the status of the court at 
 that time. In the same year he was appointed to the 
 Attorney-Generalship of the United States, by President 
 Johnson. This position he resigned in 1868, to become 
 one of the counsel for the President in his impeachment 
 trial. He was subsequently renominated to the same cabi- 
 net position, but the Senate refused to confirm him. He 
 then resumed the practice of the law in the United States 
 courts of Southern Ohio and in the Supreme Court of the 
 United States, and since 1857 has resided at Highlands, 
 Campbell county, Kentucky. Mr. Stanbery has been twice 
 married; first to the daughter of General Beecher, of Lan- 
 caster, Ohio, who died, leaving several children, three of 
 whom are now living, and, in 1841, to the daughter of W. 
 Key Bond, of Cincinnati. Nearly fifty-two years Mr. 
 Stanbery has been practising law, and has taken a front 
 rank in the profession. He has ever been a bard and far- 
 discerning student of law, and his professional habits have 
 been models of fine deportment. He never undervalues an 
 adversary, or suffers from inattention to bis own client ; his 
 briefs are rare .specimens of logic, perspicacity and force, up 
 to the professional standard of any tribunal, however learned 
 
434 
 
 B 1 0 G K A r H 1 C A L E N C V C LO P.-ED I A . 
 
 or exalted. Iir the court he probably appears to the best 
 advantage, M'here, at all times, he presents himself to the 
 eye and ear as the linished advocate. His appearance is 
 admirable, his person tall and straight, his voice mild and 
 clear, his gesture and manner courteous and dignified, and 
 his constitutional vigor extraordinary, all giving assurance 
 of his being equal to any occasion. Ilis adroitness in the 
 investigation of facts, and in bringing the points of law to 
 his own aid and to the distress of his adversary, cannot be 
 excelled. And his defence never fails to heighten the 
 marked interest which he has excited. lie has ever attrib- 
 uted much of his power and resources to his long contact 
 and strife with the late Mr. Ewing and the able bar of 
 Lancaster. Great lawyers, as great men in other intellectual 
 pursuits, appear in groups, because, like physical athletes, 
 they develop one another. Mr. Stanbery’s private life has 
 the same thorough honesty and purity that distinguish his 
 professional career; and consequently he enjoys justly an 
 enviable position among his friends in and out of the pro- 
 fession, and the high estimation of the public, lie has 
 never sought offices in the line of his profession nor in any 
 other field. M'here he has filled and enjoyed them, he has 
 given them more lustre than he received, by his learning 
 and personal character. Mr. Stanbery has acquired a con- 
 siderable fortune, which would enable him to retire, but, at 
 more than threescore and ten, he still pursues the practice 
 of his profession ; and with the example of many great 
 lawyers, who have kept the harne.ss on to a great age, he 
 will probably, as long as his fine constitution gives him 
 strength, devote himself to his accustomed employment 
 with his exceptional great skill, fidelity and success 
 
 i^ALSTEAD, MURAT, Journalist, was born in But- 
 ler county, Ohio, .September 2d, 1829. His father. 
 Colonel Griffin Halstead, was a native of North 
 Carolina, l)eing born at Guilford in that State, 
 but as early as 1805 he emigrated to Butler 
 county, with his parents. His mother was Clar- 
 issa Willits, of Ohio. Until the age of nineteen Murat 
 passed the summers on his father’s farm and the winters in 
 school. In 1851 he graduated at Farmer’s College, near 
 Cincinnati, and immediately afterwards took up his resi- 
 dence in that city. At the age of eighteen he became a 
 contributor to the newspapers, and before leaving college 
 had acquired considerable facility as a writer of fiction and 
 light miscellany. After locating in Cincinnati, he aban- 
 doned his intention of studying law, and began to write for 
 various papers, first for the Caietle, then as local of the 
 Enqiii)er, as news editor of the Atlas, and associate editor 
 of the Columbian . On March loth, 1853, he commenced 
 working on the Commercial, its city editor; in May, 
 1854, bought a small interest in that paper, and in 1866, 
 on the death of M. D. Potter, the principal editor, the 
 
 entire control of the paper passed into his hands. He has 
 ever since been editor-in-chief and leading stockholder in 
 the Commercial. From 1854 to 1866 the good-will of the 
 paper alone, to say nothing of its properly, had quadrupled 
 in value, and it had become, chiefly through his efforts, one 
 of the most influential papers in the West. The Commer- 
 cial is independent in politics. Mr. Halstead is an able 
 writer, attacking with acknowledged force a wide range of 
 subjects. For corruption, whether in high or low places, 
 he knows no charity, and seems to take the greatest pleasure 
 in his bold assaults on rings and wrongs everywhere. He 
 is himself incorruptible. He is not only a fine writer, but 
 also a speaker and lecturer of great force and eloquence, 
 appearing to the highest advantage as an extempore speaker. 
 He inherited great constitutional vigor and endurance, and 
 seems to shrink at no amount of labor. His personal ap- 
 pearance is admirable, together with his manners and ex- 
 tensive and ready knowledge of men and things, giving 
 him the assurance of a pleasant and favorable reception in 
 any company. He does not always take the right side of a 
 question, nor does he always adv'ocate his side in the wisest 
 manner, but his integrity and public spirit are always patent. 
 He has travelled extensively, and acquired much foreign 
 information. All in all, Mr. Halstead is a man of many 
 marked and distinguished traits, and is admittedly one of 
 the first journalists of the country. In March, 1857, he 
 was married, and has a family of sons and daughters. 
 
 LOCKSON, AUGUSTUS P., I.awyer,was born at 
 Zanesville, Ohio, September 14th, 1820. His 
 father was born at Milton, Delaware, and his 
 mother at Paris, Virginia, and both went to 
 Zanesville before their marriage, w hich occurred 
 in 1810. For many years his father was engaged 
 in the iron-foundry business, from which he retired at the 
 age of fifty-five. Augustus P. was educated at what was 
 then called a select private school, w hich he attended until 
 he reached the age of eighteen, when he passed two years 
 in his father’s foundry. In the meantime, from 1834 to 
 1840, during which period his father was postmaster of 
 Zanesville, he acted as clerk in the post-office. At the age 
 of twenty he commenced to read law, under Judge Stillwell. 
 He applied himself to study with great diligence, and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1843. Since then he has practised 
 his profession in Zanesville. In 1853 he w'as elected to the 
 office of City Solicitor, to W’hich he w'as twice re-elected, 
 vacating that office in 1859, when he became a member of 
 the Board of Public Education. This position he held for 
 six years. In 1849 appointed Master Commissioner 
 
 of the Court of Common Pleas, for a term of three years. 
 He discharged the duties of this position so faithfully that 
 he v.'as reappointed at the expiration of his first term, and 
 again in 1855, vacating the office in 1858, having held it 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EAXYCLOP.EDI A. 
 
 435 
 
 for nine consecutive years. Mr. Blockson has built a large 
 and lucrative practice in the civil and in the criminal courts, 
 and has been engaged in most of the important cases before 
 the Zanesville courts. His fees in a single case amounted 
 to eleven hundred dollars. Mr. Blockson and his family 
 have been largely interested in the growth and improve- 
 ment of Zanesville, still owning Blockson’s Row, built by 
 his father. Mr. Blockson stands high in Zanesville as a 
 citizen and as a member of the bar. August 28th, 1846, 
 he married Mary P. Hewitt, whose grandfather was one of 
 the pioneers who landed at Marietta, on the 7th of April, 
 178S. 
 
 ALDEX, JOHN M., Doctor of Divinity, was born, 
 on the nth of Eebruary, 1831, at Lebanon, 
 Warren county, Ohio. He comes of Anglo-Saxon 
 ancestry, and his forefathers were among the early 
 settlers of Virginia. Soon after the settlement 
 of Kentucky, his great-grandfather settled near 
 Boone’s Station, and in the year 1800 his grandfather, 
 Benjamin Walden, removed to Ohio and located in Hamil- 
 ton county. When John was two years old he was left 
 motherless, and after his grandfather’s death, in 1841, home- 
 less ; for although his father married again when the boy 
 was thirteen, it did not prove a happy event for him, and at 
 the age of fourteen years, estranged from his father, and an 
 exile from his father’s house, he became entirely dependent 
 upon his own resources. The next four years of his life 
 were crowded with varied experiences, growing out of his 
 efforts to live “ from hand to mouth.” He had been trained 
 to farm work, and this kind of labor formed, during a por- 
 tion of the time mentioned, his means of support — not his 
 sole means, however. He varied his occupations by 
 peddling, his stock at first being notions, then pictures, and 
 then books. He had a taste for mechanics, and readily 
 acquired “ the use of tools.” After working for a time with 
 an ingenious artisan, the handy-man of the neighborhood 
 to make and repair pumps, harvesting cradles, etc., he went 
 to Cincinnati and turned his hand successively to casting 
 type, roofing flat-boats, plumbing, putting up patent medi- 
 cines, working in a provision store, and finally to carpenter- 
 ing, which he selected as a trade. His apprenticeship at 
 this was sufficiently long for him to acquire a fair measure 
 of skill, and then he returned to the countiy and worked 
 as a journeyman, obtaining journeyman’s wages, although 
 under age. The day he was eighteen years old he entered 
 a store as a clerk, calling into requisition knowledge he had 
 gained. On that day he was the possessor of one plain suit 
 of clothes and a silver half-dollar. He had not been at 
 school for seven years, and for the same length of time he 
 had read but little save some of the novels which had at 
 one time formed his stock in trade. He remained in the 
 store some nine months, and during that time borrowed and 
 read several standard works, tried his hand at a little literary 
 
 work and failed ; tried again and measurably succeeded. 
 The result of his reading and writing was to make him 
 more ambitious than heretofore, and to confirm in him a 
 purpose to secure an education. To this purpose he deter- 
 mined to devote the earnings of his clerkship, and in the 
 month of November, 1849, he entered “ Farmer’s College,” 
 in Ohio. He had money enough to carry him through one 
 session. That ended, he left the college and went to teach- 
 ing common school, to earn the means with which to help 
 himself forward still further in his collegiate course. He 
 continued teaching a year, during which time he kept even 
 pace with his class in all the studies. At the end of the 
 year, in the spring of 1851, he again entered the college, 
 and, by hard study, graduated in June, 1852. Immedi- 
 ately after graduating he was appointed Tutor in the 
 Preparatory Department of his Alma Mater, and labored in 
 that capacity for two years, receiving, in return, more than 
 enough to pay off all the debts he had contracted during 
 his college course, and have a small sum (it seemed large) 
 left. All this time he had been nursing the purpose of 
 being a journalist. While in college he had written a good 
 deal for newspapers, and to some extent successfully. In 
 1854 he resigned his position in Farmer's College, to go 
 into newspaper work in earnest. He revived the Inde- 
 pendent Press, a paper that had been published at Fairfield, 
 Illinois, and pushed it with energy and ability. The course 
 of the paper, however, vvas unjropular. Its editor was op- 
 posed to the Kansas- Nebraska policy that then prevailed, 
 and was an earnest advocate of temperance. The jrrinci- 
 ples he supported did not win very hearty patronage in 
 “ I^gypb” ^"tl his journalistic enterprise failed. He closed 
 it out in the spring of 1855. In May of the same year he 
 commenced reporting for the Cincinnati Daily Commercial, 
 and continued his connection with that paper as reporter 
 and correspondent, until November, 1856. During the 
 campaign of that year he travelled over Ohio and Indiana, 
 reporting meetings for the Commercial, and occasionally, in 
 both those States, was called to the stump in support of 
 Fremont; and even in Kentucky he made two Fremont 
 speeches. In the spring of 1857 he went to Kansas, to 
 devote himself more fully and directly to the promotion of 
 Free-State principles, and in April of that year, at Quin- 
 daro, on the Missouri river, ten miles above Kansas City, 
 he, in company with Edmund Babb, started a paper called 
 the Chindoiuan, which word is the Wyandotte for “ Leader.” 
 The paper, in national politics, was Republican, and in 
 local politics was an ardent advocate of the radical Free- 
 State doctrines. It was ably conducted, and exercised no 
 small degree of influence. Its editor was soon assigned a 
 place in the Free-State ranks, and was earnestly active in 
 every way in the promotion of the principles he espoused, 
 and in March, 1858, he was elected a delegate to the 
 Leavenworth Constitutional Convention, and as Chairman 
 of the Committee on Address was the author of the 
 “.Address of the Convention to the American People.” He 
 
436 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOICKDIA. 
 
 was already a member of the Topeka Legislature, and in i 
 May, 1858, was elected State Superintendent of Public In- j 
 struction, under the Leavenworth Constitution. On the 
 1 2th of June following, his connection with the Chindoiuan 
 ceased, and during July he canvassed the territory, under 
 the direction of the State Central Committee, in opposition 
 to the Lecompton (pro-slavery) Constitution. The defeat 
 of that instrument practically settled the question of free- | 
 dom in Kansas, and he felt at liberty to turn his efforts in 
 another direction. lie had been active and earnest in 
 political work, but it was because political work was, for 
 the time being, the work of duty. Now he turned away 
 from promises of rapid and brilliant political promotion, 
 and went back to Ohio. There he made application to the 
 Cincinnati Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 
 and in September, 1858, he was admitted as a minister on | 
 trial, and appointed to North Bend Circuit. After two j 
 years of circuit work he was appointed to a charge in Cin- 
 cinnati. Fur four years he did pastoral work there. While 
 pastor of the Ladies’ Home Mission, he also became Corre- 
 sponding Secretary of the Western P'reedmen’s Aid Society, 
 to which he was exclusively assigned in 1864. He was the 
 chief mover in the organization of the Ereedmen's Aid 
 Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1S66, and 
 was its first Corresponding Secretary. In 1867 he was 
 elected to the General Conference, and was the youngest 
 delegate ever chosen by the Cincinnati Conference. In the 
 same year he was appointed Presiding Elder of the East 
 Cincinnati District, and in May, 1868, was elected by the 
 General Conference Assistant Agent of the Western Meth- 
 odist Book Concern, the duties of which position he per- 
 formed in the earnest and indefatigable way by which he 
 achieved success in other work. So satisfactory was his 
 performance of his duties here that he was re-elected to the 
 position in 1872, when the agents were made co-equal; 
 and at the General Conference of that year he receiv'ed the 
 highest number of votes (160) for the Episcopacy of any 
 one not elected. His Conference has placed him at the 
 head of its delegation for the General Conference of 1876. 
 He took a prominent part in the temperence movement in 
 Ohio in 1874. P'or the p.ast ten years he has been promi- 
 nently active in the Sunday-school work in Cincinnati and 
 southwestern Ohio ; and for more than fifteen years he has 
 been closely identified with the moral and religious history 
 of Cincinnati. During the years of his residence there, he 
 has been honorably prominent in the work of education. 
 I le was a member of the Board of Education in the city, 
 and as Chairman of the Library Committee he was promi- 
 nent in securing to the Free Public Idbrary the legal pro- 
 visions through which it now receives annually 517,000, 
 to be expended in the purchase of books. Although he has 
 had a prominent part in the stirring events of the last twenty 
 years, and holds positions of honor and responsibility, which 
 the Methodist Episcopal Church has usually only intrusted 
 to men of ripe years, he is not yet forty-five, with physical 
 
 powers unimpaired, and capable of an amount of labor that 
 few can endure. To sum up his character and career, it 
 may be said that he is a representative example of the 
 energy and success of the best class of Western men. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 ORTON, HENRY VICTOR, Grand Scribe of the 
 Sons of Temperance of Ohio, was born, August 
 22d, 1804, in Union Village, Washington county. 
 New York, and is a lineal descendant of Barna- 
 bus Horton, who was born in Mourley, Leicester- 
 shire, England, in 1591, and died at Southamp- 
 ton, Long Island, July 13th, 1686. Of the second 
 
 generation there is no account, but of the third generation 
 It is recorded that lonathan Horton, grandson of Barnabus, 
 was born December ist, 16S3, and married Mary Tuthill, 
 who was born Ajiril 3d, 1683. They were the parents of 
 eight children. In the fourth generation Jonathan Horton 
 was born April 24th, 1713, and married Eunice Forster, 
 who was born December 23d, 1721. They were the 
 parents of seven children. In the fifth generation Jonathan 
 Horton was born May 5th, 1745, was married I''ebruary 
 29th, 1768, at eleven o’clock p. M., and died May 241!), 
 1777. His wife, Elizabeth King, was born July, 1749, 
 and died October 5th, 1823. Their children consisted of 
 four girls and one boy, Jonathan K. In the sixth genera- 
 tion Jonathan K. Horton was born June nth, 1777, and 
 married Elizabeth Tice, November 13th, 1803; three boys 
 and one girl were born of this union, viz. : Henry Victor, 
 George, Eliza, and Lewis. In the seventh generation 
 Henry Victor Horton was born August 22d, 1804, married 
 in Oswego, New York, December 25th, 1829, and died 
 January 3d, 1871. His wife, Sojihia Matilda Dougherty, 
 was born, March 7th, 1812, in Manlius, New York. Of 
 the children born of this union, eight are now living, as 
 follows : Lewis V., born in Cincinnati, Ohio, September 
 llth, 1834. Elizabeth T., born in Cincinnati, Ohio, Feb- 
 ruary 10th, 1836. Alonzo C., born in Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 January 1st, 1S38. Angeline G., born in Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 September 14th, 1841. Harry K., born in Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 November loth, 1842. Thomas C., born in Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, August 3d, 1848. Maria J., born in L’nion Village, 
 New York, August 3d, 1850. Samuel C., born in Cincin- 
 nati, Ohio, April 30th, 1855. Jonathan K. Horton, the 
 father of the subject of this sketch, was a man of respecta- 
 ble attainments. During sever, al years he was a representa- 
 tive in the New York Legislature, and to the close of his 
 life enjoyed the fullest confidence and respect of the com- 
 munity in which he resided. The mother, Elizabeth Tice, 
 was a daughter of Katrum Van Tassel, made illustiious in 
 Washington Irving’s legend of “ The Sleepy Hollow.” Sl.e 
 was a woman of sterling character, and from her Duteh 
 (ancestors inherited principles of industry, thrift, persever- 
 ance, piety, and uprightness, which she so strongly stamped 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCL 0 P.L;DIA. 
 
 437 
 
 upon the impressible mind of her eldest son, Henry Victor, 
 that they became prominent and permanent traits of his 
 character. He was ever noted for his honesty and inflexi- 
 ble will. Notwithstanding his stern and severe judgment, 
 concerning himself as well as others, at the slightest vari- 
 ance from a rectitude whose standard would admit of no 
 deviation, he had a heart full of kindness, and gathered 
 friends around him wherever he went. After his marriage 
 he removed, in November, 1S34, to Cincinnati, Ohio, where 
 the largest part of his life was spent. About this time the 
 Washingtonians were storming the strongholds of Bacchus, 
 tearing his victims from the chuches of death, and return- 
 ing them to their homes and families, washed, clothed, and 
 in their right minds. Mr. Horton at once united with that 
 band of temperance reformers, and did not cease to work so 
 long as he lived, for the despised and degraded drunkard. 
 Possessed of an ardent temperament he threw his whole 
 soul into the labor of reclaiming the fallen. With him it 
 was a work of love, and his zeal was unbounded. Though 
 others failed he never grew weary, and often said, “ This 
 cause is a righteous one, the handmaid of religion;” and 
 he carried that standard while his right hand gave him 
 strength. He made it a duty to look up the poor slaves to 
 intoxicating drinks, and to endeavor to place them on their 
 feet again. The church at this time had not seen the im- 
 portance of this great reform ; and a minister rebuked him 
 upon a certain occasion, for going out on the Sabbath day 
 to visit drunkards, instead of devoting it to worship in the 
 house of God. He replied, “ My good brother, I go to 
 clothe them in their right mind, that they m.iy receive the 
 words of your preaching.” To save the drunkard and 
 overthrow the rumseller was his great idea : he was full of 
 sympathy for the former, but on meeting the latter could 
 not restrain his scorn and indignation, and would not listen 
 to an apology for the dealer in the “accursed stuff.” He 
 regarded the rumseller as a crimin.al against the laws of 
 God and man, and ranked him with the thief and assassin. 
 There are thousands to-day in all parts of the State of Ohio, 
 who are ready to bear testimony of the tenderne.ss and love 
 he ever cherished for the deluded victim of drink; but no 
 person ever found him merciful toward the man who dealt 
 out the poison behind the screen ; such an one was to him 
 a polluter of .society, a blot upon our civilization. He 
 never spared his time or money in saving a brother man 
 from that lowest depth of degradation — a drunkard’s grave. 
 When the Order of the Sons of Temperance was first 
 organized in New York city, Mr. Horton at once made 
 arrangements to have the order transplanted to Ohio; and 
 after securing the required number of applicants, succeeded 
 in obtaining tha charter of Ohio Division, No. i, which 
 bears date of August ist, 1844. By his untiring energy, 
 a.ssisted by many noble men, the Grand Division of Ohio 
 was, on the 12th day of May, 1845, instituted, and he was 
 elected Grand Conductor. On the nth of October of that 
 year the first session was held, and Mr. Horton was elected 
 
 Grand Scribe, which position he occupied for nearly seven- 
 teen years. The following extracts are from the report of 
 his death, prepared by the efficient and life-long temperance 
 reformer, Evan J. Morris, the present Grand Scribe of 
 Ohio: “ When I removed to Cincinnati in 1S67, and called 
 upon him first, it was a pleasant meeting, for, some time 
 before I saw him personally, I had learned to respect and 
 love him. We continued devoted friends until his death. 
 I know of no person, in the whole list of our membership, 
 for whom I had a higher regard. For many years Brother 
 Horton occupied a seat in the National Division, and was 
 highly esteemed by the entire membership. He was looked 
 upon as the head and life of the whole order in Ohio; and 
 for many years w.as counselled by all in prosperity and ad- 
 versity. When difficulties arose in divisions, a letter from 
 Brother Horton was considered sufficient to settle all dis- 
 putes. During the last year of Brother Horton’s life, his 
 ; sufferings were very great, so much so that he was not able 
 to attend to the duties of his office with that promptitude 
 j which had hitherto characterized his business life. He 
 was, however, always found at his post when he was able 
 to walk. His strong will, energy, high sense of responsi- 
 bility, and devotion to tbe order, would not allow him to 
 be idle. Those who were present at the annual session of 
 the Grand Division of Ohio, in 1870, will never forget the 
 feeble condition of our departed brother. Though weak 
 and emaciated, he appeared before that grand body and 
 presented the business of the session in an able manner. His 
 ! voice was weak but firm, and his conduct commanded the 
 i attention, sympathy and respect of his fellow members, who 
 ^ felt that it would be the last time he would meet them in 
 j annual convocation. Later, the Executive Committee often 
 I gathered around his bed to receive words of direction and 
 advice. We could scarcely think him a dying man, he was 
 so cheerful, so full of hope and energy. His attachment 
 to the great cause of his life was so great, that almost his 
 last words were ‘ The Order,’ ‘ The Sons of Temperance.’ 
 Before he died he said to me (E. J. Morris), ‘ I have lived 
 to a good old age; I have been called for a purpose ; my 
 days are numbered; I know that my Redeemer liveth.’ 
 The look he gave me into his heart, the frank expressions 
 of his deep convictions, so firm, but earnestly spoken, rested 
 like a beacon star upon my sorrowing heart. A few days 
 before his death, his wife requested him to dismiss all cares 
 and anxieties from his mind, but it was impossible, and iqr 
 to his last hour he was actively interested in the great re- 
 form so dear to his heart.” He died in Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 January 3d, 1871. His funeral was one of the largest and 
 most impressive ever attended by the .Sons of Temperance. 
 The services were held in tbe Fifth Presbyterian Church, of 
 which he was a member. The members of the Grand and 
 subordinate Divisions, in full regalia, were under the com- 
 mand of the Grand Marshal, E. J. Morris, and escorted the 
 remains to the church, and thence to Spring Grove Ceme- 
 tery. At the grave the ceremonies in behalf of the order 
 
433 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 were conducted by Rev. J. F. Forbus. After which Gen- 
 eral Samuel F. Cary delivered a brief and eloquent eulogy 
 upon the character of the deceased. Day after day for 
 nearly forty years had he carried within his breast a heart 
 full of the tenderest pity for the fallen drunkard, and an in- 
 llexible hostility to the traffic in all kinds of intoxicating 
 drinks. Now it had ceased to beat; and as we laid him to 
 rest we felt that we consigned to the grave a warrior who 
 had fought a good fight. The Grand Division of Ohio 
 adopted, April 29th, 1S75, a resolution, an extract of which 
 is: “For the erection of a suitable order monument in 
 Spring Grove Cemetery, Hamilton counly, Ohio, to the 
 memory of our late Grand Scribe, H. V. Horton, in token 
 of our respect for him as a man and Son of Temperance, 
 and our appreciation of the services which he rendered this 
 Grand Division as Grand Scribe, during a period of some 
 seventeen consecutive years.” 
 
 ROS.SIUS, JOHN, Inventor, Patentee, and Manu- 
 facturer of the School-house Ventilating Stoves, 
 Hot Air Furnaces, and Stove Dealer, was born in 
 Speyer, Rheinpfalz, Germany, in 1833. After 
 passing eight years at school, according to the 
 laws of that country, and acquiring a fair educa- 
 tion, he went into his father’s shop, where he learned the 
 trade of a tinner and stove manufacturer. Like many of 
 the youth of his country, he had determined to make the 
 United States his home, and having become a thorough 
 master of his trade, he left home and landed at New York 
 when seventeen years of age, and in the following year 
 (1S51) arrived in Cincinnati, where he has ever since re- 
 sided. P’or four years he worked as a journeyman at his 
 trade; but following the true German type of thrift, and 
 having laid by a few hundred dollars during these four 
 years, he started in business for himself in 1855. With 
 some changes in location, demanded by the exigencies of 
 his trade, he has steadily moved onward, his business rap- 
 idly increasing every year. His success had been so great, 
 and the demand upon his resources so pressing, that in 1871 
 he w.as obliged to erect his present large establishment on 
 Miin street opposite the Court House. Departing some- 
 what from the ordinary routine of the tin and stove trade, 
 he has for many years made a specialty of warm air fur- 
 naces and itchool-house ventilating stoves, and on these he 
 has received several letters patent from the United States 
 government. These improvements combine those essentials 
 that are mostly requisite for both heating and ventilating 
 houses of assembly, and thus securing and maintaining the 
 best possibie condition of health of mind and body. After 
 having tested these thoroughly for ten years in the public 
 schools, the Board of Education in Cincinnati has recently, 
 in a most flattering manner, pronounced these furnaces and 
 stove^ tc be the best now in use for the purposes for which 
 
 they are designed. He has also received from various 
 parts of the United States numerous emphatic indorsements 
 of the value of these heating appliances. In all of the Cin- 
 cinnati Industrial Expositions his wares in this line have 
 j taken the tirst premium ; and at the great Vienna Exhibi- 
 tion of 1873, "'here lis laudable enterprise had led him to 
 make a fine display at a great outlay, he was awarded the 
 gold medal. From the smallest of beginnings twenty years 
 ago, he has risen to be one of the most successful and sub- 
 stantial tradesmen and manufacturers of the kind in the 
 country. His reputation and success are certainly the result 
 of hard labor, careful study, long-continued experiment, 
 and straightforward dealing. In this latter connection it 
 may be remarked that throughout his entire career in busi- 
 ness he has never given his note or purchased more mater- 
 ial than he could pay for on demand ; nor has he ever 
 appeared in court as defendant in any suit. He is one of 
 those men who take time during their business successes to 
 devote themselves largely to the public and social affairs of the 
 community. He is President of the Workhouse Board of 
 Directors ; is a member of the Board of Trade, and of a 
 very large number of the social and business organizations 
 of the city. He has been concerned in all the expositions 
 held in the city, and has been prominent in most of the 
 enterprises which have been instrumental in promoting the 
 welfare and prosperity of Cincinnati. During the late civil 
 war he served for a few months in the field, in the 6th Cin- 
 cinnati Volunteer Militia, and in various ways displayed liis 
 attachment to his adopted country. Some w hile after his 
 successful business life commenced his father joined him 
 with the rest of the family, and was connected with him in 
 business. During his absence at the Vienna Exposition of 
 1873, 'lis father died. Personally Mr. Grossius is a man of 
 fine appearance, in the very prime of life, and is certainly 
 one of Cincinnati’s most noteworthy and successful self- 
 made men. He was married in 1856 to Paulina Keschner, 
 formerly of Prussia. 
 
 *'OMLEY, JAMES M., Journalist and Postmaster 
 of Columbus, son of Bezaleel and Margaret 
 (Stewart) Comley, was born in Perry county, 
 Ohio, March 6th, 1832. His parents were Penn- 
 sylvanians — his father of Englisli, his mother of 
 Scotch-Irish descent — and came to Ohio in 1804. 
 He was educated in the public schools of Columbus, and 
 studied law' with Attorney-General Wolcutt. He was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1859, and practised law until the 
 breaking out of the war. He entered the United States 
 service in June, 1861, and on the 12th of August W'as ap- 
 pointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the 43d Ohio Infantry. 
 After some time spent at Camp Chase, he gave up the 
 Lieutenant-Colonelcy of the 43d for the appointment of 
 Major of the 23d Ohio Infantry, then in the field, for the 
 sake of getting more speedily into active service. He was 
 
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15I0GRAFIIICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 439 
 
 mustered as Major on the 31st of October, 1861, and com- 
 manded the regiment in every action in which it was sub- 
 sequently engaged, except for a short time in the morning 
 at the battle of South Mountain. He was eventually made 
 Colonel of the regiment and Brevet Brigadier General, to 
 date from March 13th, 1865 — the latter position having 
 been earned by gallant and faithful service in the field. 
 Ills history in the field may best be read in the history of 
 the regiment he commanded so long and led to so much 
 honor. General Comley, after the war, became editor and 
 part ow'ner of the Ohio State yournal, in which position 
 he has displayed mai'iced ability as a writer and politician, 
 making that paper one of the most able and popular journals 
 in the State. During the war he married Elizabeth Marion 
 Smith, daughter of Surgeon General Smith, of Columbus. 
 He was appointed Postmaster of Columbus by General 
 Grant in 1870, and reappointed in 1874. He still holds the 
 position 
 
 ’EIDELBACH, PHILIP, Merchant and Banker of 
 Cincinnati, was born at Pfarrweisach, Bavaria, 
 June 2?th, 1814. He is the son of David and 
 Heffe Heidelbach. His parents were unable to 
 give him a school education, and he was early 
 inured to a life of toil. At thirteen he was ap- 
 prenticed to a butcher for two years, then worked as a 
 journeyman until he came of age, in 1835. During this 
 time he had, besides assisting in the support of his parents, 
 saved enough to purchase a passage ticket to New York, 
 where he landed in 1836. He was now without money or 
 friends; but finding a person who was willing to vouch for 
 his honesty, he bought eight dollars’ worth of goods on 
 credit, and commenced peddling on the street. He was, 
 of course, totally ignorant of the English language and the 
 customs of the country, but in three months he had dis- 
 charged his indebtedness and had a capital of $150. One- 
 third of this he sent to his parents, and invested the rest in a 
 stock of goods, with which he started to what he thought a 
 more profitable field in the West. He made this trip on 
 foot, candying his goods on his back, staying of nights at 
 farm-houses, where his fare for .supper, bed, and breakfast 
 was pretty generally “a quarter,” and finally, in the spring 
 of 1837, arrived in Cincinnati, having had a very prosper- 
 ous business season. He now engaged wdth great energy 
 in his wandering business over parts of Ohio and Indiana 
 adjacent to Cincinnati, and by the following autumn had 
 accumulated a capital of nearly $2000. He then met 
 Jacob Seasongood, who was engaged in the same business, 
 and they united their capitals under the name of Heidel- 
 bach & Seasongood, and pushed forward with great energy, 
 until their accumulations became so large that in March, 
 1840, they abandoned peddling and established their cloth- 
 ing house in Cincinnati. Their business grew beyond their 
 expectation, and in 1842 they were compelled to open an- 
 
 other house on Main and Pearl streets, where they carried 
 on a jobbing and retail dry-goods trade. Max and Simon, 
 his brothers, now arrived from Germany, and were admitted 
 as partners m the Rouse, under the firm-name of Heidel- 
 bach, Seasongood & Co. In 1849 Simon died of cholera. 
 They soon removed their Main street house to 18 Pearl 
 street, and built a wholesale clothing establishment and 
 warehouse on Front street. They afterw’ards united their 
 two houses in one at Third and Main streets, where they 
 remained with their usual success until in 1S60, w hen they 
 took possession of the elegant block of buildings which they 
 had erected on Third and Vine streets. In 1862 he be- 
 came associated in the banking house of Espy, Heidelbach 
 & Co., in wdiich he still continues, and which is knowm as 
 one of the leading private banking firms of the West. 
 After a rarely successful and harmonious partnership ex- 
 tending over thirty years, the firm of Heidelbach, Season- 
 good & Co. was dissolved by mutual consent, Mr. Heidel- 
 bach retiring. His life presents one of the exceptional 
 instances of thrift and money-getting. He is now one of 
 the wealthiest men of Cincinnati. He has, moreover, 
 acquired a good education, and a reputation for business 
 shrew'dness, integrity, and strong practical common sense of 
 which he may well be proud. He is not behind other 
 wealthy men in a liberal display of public spirit and benev- 
 olence, and wdll ahvays stand prominent as one of the 
 notew'orthy self-made men- of the century. January rst, 
 1840, he w'as married to Hannah Sweser, whose acquain- 
 tance he had enjoyed in Germany. They had six children. 
 Two died in infancy; Henrietta is now the wife of Louis 
 Rindskopf, of New' York; Louis is in the bank with his 
 father; Jennie was the W'ife of Isaac Ickleheimer, of New' 
 York; and Ida was recently married at their residence on 
 Fourth street. 
 
 \OOMIS, BENNET J., Lawyer and Journalist, son 
 Jonathan and Cynthia (Spencer) Loomis, was 
 S born on June 8th, 1831, in Jefferson, Ashtabula 
 county, Ohio. He received a good public school 
 education, and commenced p)reparatory studies 
 for college in Kingsville Academy, and afterward 
 in Grand River Institute, Austinhurg. His health failing 
 here, his studies were discontinued and never resumed. So 
 well had he improved his advantages that when but a boy 
 of seventeen he took charge of a district school, filling the 
 position w'ith entire satisfaction to the people. He cast his 
 first vote in 1852 for Franklin Pierce, and in 1853 he estab- 
 lished a Democratic journal in his native town, but was in- 
 duced by the liberality of the citizens of Geneva to remove 
 his office to their village during the following fall. He 
 came into public life during the political storm that sweprt 
 over the country, occasioned by the passage of the Kansas- 
 Nebra.ska bill by Congress in 1854. Having from strong 
 convictions of duty opposed the act, and his course not 
 
 
440 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 meeting with the approbation of either ot the parties or that 
 ' day, he sold his press, and in 1855 removed to Cleveland. 
 He acted as City Editor of the Leader tor nearly a year, 
 and subsequently for a short time occupied a similar posi- 
 tion on the Plaindealer. He was elected Enrolling Clerk 
 of the Ohio House of Representatives in 1S5S. Having 
 read law under the tutorship of Hons. D. K. Cartter and J. 
 J. Elwell, of Cleveland, he was admitted to the bar in 
 1859, and followed the profession in Cleveland until 1863, 
 during which time (January, 1862,) he was chosen Journal 
 Clerk of the Senate. In 1864-65 he occupied the same 
 position in the House. In 1866, and again in 1872, he was 
 chosen to the Chief Clerkship of the House. He married, 
 October lyih, 1854, Julia E. Slater, of Geneva, Ohio, and 
 she dying in November, 1868, he married, in 1873, Hallie 
 C. Yoeman (Graham) of Chicago. The IVyaadotte Demo- 
 crat, edited by Hon. L. A. Brunner, thus spoke of his 
 public services : “ Mr. Loomis was an efficient public 
 officer, as is indicated by the frequency with which he re- 
 ceived the party’s indorsement for the different clerkships 
 in the Senate and House. The readiness and facility with 
 which he despatched business, his extraordinary industry 
 and fidelity, and the untiring vigilance with which he 
 watched over the details of the department over which he 
 had supervision, was without doubt the reason he was so 
 often called to such responsible positions in the Legisla- 
 ture.” When the Chronicle was established in Cincinnati, 
 in March, 1868, he was connected with it as one of its 
 editors, and afterwards for some months, in the year 1869, 
 held the position of Washington Correspondent for that 
 paper and the Cleveland Herald and Chicago Post. With 
 only an interval of about sixteen months, above indicated, 
 he has been the Columbus Correspondent on the staff of the 
 Cincinnati Commercial since 1865, and has served in like 
 capacity for the Cleveland Herald since January, 1863. 
 Mr. Loomis is an industrious, active, energetic man, and 
 from long acquaintance with public men, and a knowledge 
 of the political measures that have agitated the public for 
 the last twenty years, is entirely competent to discharge the 
 intricate and laborious duties of Correspondent for two of 
 the leading journals in the State. In politics he is a Re- 
 publican of the strictest sort. He is a resident of Colum- 
 bus, a man of family, and a gentleman of standing and 
 integrity. Also a prominent member of the First Baptist 
 Church. 
 
 i' 
 
 c 
 
 C 
 
 CD 
 
 ILIENTHAL, REV. DR. MAX, R.abbi, was born 
 in 1S15 in Municli, the capital of Bavaria, and 
 was from boyhood educated for the Jewish min- 
 istry. After completing a course in the high 
 schools, he entered the university of that city 
 passed with eminence the examinations of the 
 philosophical and theological faculties, and graduated in 
 
 1837 as Doctor of Philosophy. Having contributed several 
 scientific articles to the Jewish periodicals of that time, he 
 received in 1839 a call as Director of the Hebrew School 
 to be opened in Riga, Russia. The Russian Embassy of 
 Munich recommended him highly to the Secretaries of the 
 Interioi and o< Public Instruction in St. Petersburg, and he 
 was received by them in the most encour.aging manner. 
 For his inaugural address at the opening of the new school 
 he was rewarded by the Emperor Nicholas with a costly 
 diamond ring. The schooi under his direction made such 
 rapid progress that the imperial government ordered him to 
 travel through the seventeen western provinces of the 
 empire, to encourage his co-religionists in opening schools, 
 and to prepare them for the plans inaugurated by the gov- 
 ernment for their better secular instruction. He performed 
 this arduous and important mission in 1842, to the entire 
 satisfaction of the Minister of Public Instruction, and was 
 summoned to St. Petersburg as Councillor in this depart- 
 ment. There he stayed until 1845, preparing the plans for 
 primary, intermediate, and Hebrew high schools, and would 
 have remained in the Russian service if Nicholas had not 
 issued some orders tending to the conversion of the Jews to 
 the Greek-Russian Church. To such an undertaking he 
 would not lend a helping hand, as he is an uncompromising 
 advocate of civil and religious liberty. He at once resigned 
 his office, left the empir^, and sailed with his wife for 
 America. He arrived in New York, and was immediately 
 elected Rabbi of three congregations — an office which he 
 resigned for the jiurpose of opening a Jewish boarding- 
 school. He continued at this with great success until the 
 health of his wife failed, and he accepted, in 1855, a unani- 
 mous call as Rabbi of one of the flourishing congregations 
 of Cincinnati, a position which he now occupies. Soon 
 after his arrival in that city he was elected a member of the 
 Public Board of Education. He held that office for four- 
 teen years ; introduced in the public schools instruction in 
 object lessons, published a manual for that purpose, and in- 
 troduced other important improvements both in the inter- 
 mediate and high schools. In 1872 he was elected 
 Director of the Board of the Citicinnati University, in whose 
 future success he takes the liveliest interest. He has been 
 Director of the City Relief Union since 1861. He is 
 widely known as an orator atid lecturer, and as such is 
 highly appreciated. Since 1874 he assumed the editorship 
 of the Hebrew Sabbath- School Visitor, the only organ of this 
 kind in this country. He is at present eng.aged in prepar- 
 ing for publication several volumes on Jewish theology, 
 besides sermons, poems, and lessons on morals for the 
 public schools. Though a classical scholar. Rabbi Lilien- 
 thal sides with those who advocate the scientific courses of 
 itistruction. Progress, liberty, the common Fatherhood of 
 God, and the common brotherhood of men are the leading 
 principles of his life and his writings. Though advanced 
 in years, he is of vigorous health and constitution, and much 
 good m.ay yet be expected of this liberal theologian. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOILLDIA. 
 
 441 
 
 °^^VrAKE, DANIEL, Physician, Professor, and 
 Author, was born at Plainfield, Essex county. 
 New Jersey, October 20th, 1785. Three years 
 later Ohio was settled, and his parents at this 
 time emigrated to Kentucky, settling at Mayslick. 
 Until the age of fifteen he underwent the rudest 
 experiences of backwoods life. At this period he moved to 
 Cincinnati and became a medical student under Ur. Wil- 
 liam Goforth, who was the first to introduce vaccination in 
 the West. Here his good iiianners and easy address ad- 
 mitted him into the best society, but he never allowed the 
 conviviality of the times to interfere with the ambition of 
 his life. He was the first student of medicine in Cincin- 
 nati. In 1804 he became a partner in the business of his 
 preceptor, which was that of apothecary as well as physi- 
 cian. But the business was not successful from a pecuniary 
 view, and after experiencing many hardships, in 1805 the 
 pupil moved to Philadelphia to attend a course of lectures 
 in the leading university there. He had just sufficient 
 means to gain admission, being left with a single cent after 
 paying his expenses. In the spring of 1806 he returned to 
 Cincinnati, and a year later he succeeded to the business 
 of his old preceptor, who had gone to Louisiana. He at 
 once entered upon successful practice, and in the autumn 
 of 1807 was married to Harriet Sisson, niece of Colonel 
 Jared Mansfield, then Surveyor-General of the United .States 
 for the Northwest Territory. This union lasted eighteen 
 years, and was an eminently happy one. At this time he 
 began those researches which made him a writer and a 
 savant. With an ardent enthusiasm he entered into the 
 investigation of the trace of an ancient civilization in the 
 Ohio valley. His researches into the botany of the Miami 
 valley were also very valuable. In 1810 he published a 
 pamphlet entitled “ Notices of Cincinnati ; its Topography, 
 Climate, and Diseases.” The success of this work, though 
 but a small edition was issued, led to his more elaborate 
 and complete “ Picture of Cincinnati and the Miami 
 Country,” in 1815. This work is now very rare and highly 
 valued. In 1814 he associated his brother Benjamin with 
 him as a partner, and added the business of grocer to that 
 of druggist. He was also much interested in the Lancaster 
 
 .Seminary, which was the original foundation of the Cincin- 
 n.ati College. After his “ Picture of Cincinnati ” was 
 published he again visited Philadelphia to attend a course 
 of lectures, accompanied by his wife. In May, 1816, he 
 returned to his home, being the first resident of Cincinnati 
 to receive a diploma from the East. He now increased his 
 business, his father becoming a member of the firm. In 
 1817 he accepted a professorship in the medical college at 
 Lexington, Kentucky, and .soon after entered upon his 
 long and distinguished career as a public teacher of medi- 
 cine. In 1818 he devised the plan of the Cincinnati Col- 
 lege, the Medical College, and the Commercial Hospital. 
 The Medical College of Ohio became an established fact 
 in 1820. In the next two years he met with reverses in 
 
 business, and his affairs had to be wound up. In the sum- 
 mer of 1823 he was appointed to a professorship in the 
 Transylvania University, at Lexington. In the winter of 
 1823-24 he wrote a series of political articles for the Cin- 
 cinnati Gazette, warmly advocating the nomination of 
 Henry Clay for the Presidency. He was a very active pol- 
 itician, but not of the office-seeking class. He was a great 
 admirer of Clay and Adams. In 1825 he had the misior- 
 tune to lose his wife, to whom he was devotedly attached. 
 He soon after returned to the college at Lexington, but re- 
 signed in the spring of 1826. In 1827 he established the 
 Western Journal of Medical Sciences and the Cincinnati 
 Eye Infirmary. In a very short time he was a well-known 
 writer on medical subjects — a journalist and author of high 
 reputation. After three years in this field he was elected a 
 Professor in the Jefferson Medical College, of Philadelphia, 
 and arrived there for the third time. When the cholera 
 epidemic had broken out he had returned to the West, and 
 he was an incessant laborer among its victims. He wro'e a 
 work about this time entitled “A Practical Treatise on the 
 History, Prevention, and Treatment of Epidemic Cholera.” 
 In 1835 he became interested in the construction of the 
 Cincinnati & Charleston Railway. He originated the 
 scheme. He also took steps to reorganize the Medical 
 College of Ohio. A few years later he removed to Louis- 
 ville, and in 1849 was called again to a chair in the Medi- 
 cal College of Ohio. He was cut off in the midst of his 
 labors here, dying November 5th, 1852, after an illness of 
 about a fortnight. His last appearance in public was at a 
 meeting to honor the memory of Daniel Webster. His life 
 had been one of varied labor and much hardship, but he 
 ever maintained an attachment for the purest of princi])les, 
 and his intimates say that he was never po,ssessed of a single 
 vice. Although he was long poor, he paid his debts to the 
 uttermost farthing, and “ pay what thou owest ” was with 
 him a golden maxim. 
 
 e 
 
 ITT, STILLMAN, Railroad President and Capital- 
 ist, was born in Worcester county, Massachusetts, 
 Jatwary 4th, 1808. His father being poor, he 
 received only a common school education. When 
 a thirteen years of age he was taken to Troy, New 
 
 York, where he was employed to run a skiff ferry 
 at fen dollars per month. Canvoss White, of the United 
 States Engineer Corps, crossed the ferry often, and, sur- 
 prised by the interest he manifested in construction, ob- 
 tained permission from the boy’s father to educate him in 
 his own profession. He was soon able to master the jtrin- 
 ciples of engineering and to apply them. He was then 
 sent by his friend and employer to take charge of the 
 Cohoes Manufacturing Company. He surveyed and laid 
 out the village and arranged the water power. This work 
 accomplished, he was despatched to construct the bridge 
 across the Susquehanna at the mouth of the Juniata river. 
 
442 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP/LDIA. 
 
 He then went to Louisville, \\ here he spent a year and a 
 half in building the Louisvdle & Portland Canal. Still re- 
 taining his connection with Mr. White, he removed to 
 Albany, where he became Agent of the Hudson River 
 Steamboat Association. Subsequently he was appointed 
 Manager of the Albany & Boston Railroad Company, and 
 retained the position eight years. He then visited Cleve- 
 land, where efforts were being put forth to construct a rail- 
 road to Columbus. There were difficulties in the way of 
 finding experienced builders who would contract to build 
 the road and take the greater part of their pay in stock. 
 P'inally the firm of Harbach, Stone & Witt was formed for 
 building the road. The road was completed and opened 
 in 1851. A contract for the construction of the Cleveland, 
 Painesville & Ashtabula was theti made, and the road fin- 
 ished Iry Stone & Witt after the death of Mr. Harbach. 
 'Phe same firm next constructed the Chicago & Milwaukee 
 Railroad, and operated it some time after its completion. 
 He was at different times chosen Director in the Michigan 
 .Southern ; Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis; 
 Cleveland, Painesville & Ashtabula; Chicago & Milwaukee, 
 and Bellefontaine & Indiana Railroad Companies. He had 
 large investments in the last-named road, but for a long 
 time it was unremunerative, and it was only by his great 
 efforts that it did not go into bankruptcy. The stock was 
 unsalable at any price ; but he had faith in its final success, 
 and his faith and works were finally rewarded, as the stock 
 rose considerably above par. Subsequently it was consoli- 
 dated with the Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati Railroad. 
 John Brough had been made President of the company, and 
 was his trusted aid in carrying out his measures. Iti 1S63 
 the political situation in Ohio was veiy grave, the sympa- 
 thizers with the secession war having become numerous 
 and defiant. He urged Mr. Brough — who had been a 
 very prominent Democrat, but had abandoned politics in 
 disgust — to accept the nomination for Governor of the 
 Union party, and offered to perform his duties in the rail- 
 road company and transfer the salary to Mr. Brough, who 
 was too poor to sacrifice his position for the inadequately 
 paid office of Governor. The promise to Mr. Brough was 
 kept, and in every way possible he manifested his regard 
 for him. On the death of Governor Brough, in 1S65, 
 which occurred in Cleveland, he took charge of his de- 
 ceased friend’s affairs, and the $20,000 which he had orig- 
 inally given to Governor Brough became, by careful man- 
 agement for his family, upwards of $66,000. The affection 
 of these two men for each other was strong and lasting. 
 Not less so was the regard in which he held, and was held 
 by, the late .Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton. He was 
 active in aiding Stanton and giving him moral and material 
 encouragement when he greatly needed both in his onerous 
 position. When Stanton retired from office, broken down 
 in health and spirits, and poor in purse, he forced upon him 
 a gift of $5000, that he might find much-needed rest and 
 recuperation in travel. On the death of Governor Brough 
 
 he was elected President of the Bellefontaine & Indiana 
 Railroad, and retained that position until the consolidation. 
 Besides his position on the directory of the different tail- 
 roads in which he was interested, he was Director of the 
 Second National and Commercial National Banks of Cleve- 
 land, and President of the Sun Insurance Company, Union 
 .Steel Screw Company, and Cleveland Box Machine Com- 
 ])any. He was justly 'ranked among benevolent, public- 
 spirited citizens of Cleveland, and deservedly enjoyed the 
 esteem and gratitude of the community at large. Integrity 
 and industry were leading traits in his character. He died 
 at sea, April 29th, 1875, while on his way to Europe for the 
 benefit of his health. He was married in June, 1834, to 
 Eliza A. Douglass, of Albany. Of his two surviving daugh- 
 ters, Mary was married to Daniel P. Eells, of Cleveland, 
 and Emma to Colonel W. H. Harris, of the United States 
 army. 
 
 OYT, FRANCIS SOUTHACK, A. M., D. D., 
 Editor of the IVesicm Chriitian Advocate, and 
 one of the most scholarly, enthusiastic, and suc- 
 cessful business ministers in the Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church, was born November 5th, 1822, in 
 Lindon, Vermont. His father, Benjamin R. 
 Hoyt, who died at the age of eighty-four, was one of the 
 pioneer preachers of Methodism in the New England 
 States, was at one time Presiding Elder over the greater 
 part of those States, and one of the Trustees of Wesleyan 
 University at the time his sons were students in that institu- 
 tion. Dr. Hoyt is brother to Benjamin Thomas Hoyt, 
 A. M., deceased, late Professor of Latin, Belles Lettres, 
 and History in Asbury University, at Greencastle, Indiana; 
 also brother of Colonel Albert Harrison Hoyt, editor of the 
 “New England Historical and Genealogical Register.” 
 These brothers are graduates of the Wesleyan University, 
 at Middletown, Connecticut, the subject of this sketch 
 graduating in the class of 1844. In 1847 he received the 
 degree of Master of Arts from that college. Dr. Hoyt's 
 early years were spent on his father’s farm. Here he 
 worked and prepared for college. At the age of seventeen 
 he commenced his college career. Two years after his 
 graduation Dr. Hoyt entered the mini.stry, preaching and 
 continuing to teach until 1850, when, under the auspices of 
 the mission society of the church, he was sent to Oregon to 
 take charge of. the school at Salem. After the Indians 
 passed away the old mission school was converted into a 
 select institution for the incoming civilized tide. This was 
 soon known as the Oregon Institute, and during Dr. Hoyt’s 
 connection with it it developed into the Willamette Uni- 
 versity. It now has a medical and law department, and is 
 the most successful educational in.stitution on the Pacific. 
 Here Dr. Hoyt remained until i860, being elected Presi- 
 dent in 1854, and filling this office until he was called to 
 represent the Oregon Conference in the General Conference 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 443 
 
 at Buffalo, New York, in i860, at which time he was chosen 
 Professor of Chemistry in the Ohio Wesleyan University at 
 Delaware. This position he accepted and removed to Dela- 
 ware. Bor nearly twelve years Dr. Hoyt’s connection with 
 this institution remained uninterrupted. In 1865 he was 
 transferred to the department of Biblical Theology in the 
 University. In 1872 he was again sent as delegate to the 
 General Conference. At this time.he was made Editor-in- 
 Chief of the Western Christian Advocate, and consequently 
 removed to Cincinnati. This position he still occupies. 
 The Advocate, of which Dr. Hoyt is editor, is one of the 
 most popular and ably conducted papers under the auspices 
 and patronage of the Methodist Church. Few denomina- 
 tional papers in the country have a larger circulation. After 
 Dr. Hoyt’s retirement from Wesleyan University he received 
 the degree of D. D. from Baldwin University. Although 
 Dr. Hoyt i.s fifty-two years of age, he seems to be in the 
 very prime of life. He is a man of great and true powers 
 of mind, full of the milk of human kindness, incapable of a 
 mean sentiment, and still full of enthusiasm in his life of 
 well-doing. 
 
 ' RE.SEL, HON. OTTO, Lawyer, of Columbus, 
 Ohio, has a peculiar histoiy, marked with a 
 variety of striking events. In the ordinary inter- 
 courses of life a man of his marked ability, with 
 positive convictions, and great moral and physical 
 courage, will necessarily encounter sharp conflicts 
 with those of opposite views. Though a man of great firm- 
 ness, he is courteous and gentlemanly, recognizing in all the 
 full right of personal independence in the maintenance of 
 their opinions. But aside from the ordinary conflicts of 
 opinion, Mr. Dresel has encountered some trying ordeals in 
 the advocacy of his principles, as will appear in the follow- 
 ing sketch. He was born in the year 1824, in Detmold, the 
 capital of Lippe, only two miles from the battle-field, where, 
 about the time of the .Saviour’s birth, Arminius delivered 
 Germany from the Roman yoke by a most signal defeat of 
 the invading foe. This fact may have been to him an 
 inspiration in the cause of civil liberty. After closing a 
 thorough collegiate course, in which he made great profi 
 ciency in scholarly attainments, he studied law, and in due 
 time entered upon the practice of the profession with the 
 most flattering prospects. About this lime the revolutionary 
 movement of 1848 was inaugurated, in which Mr. Dresel 
 very naturally became an active participant; and in the fur- 
 therance of the cause of Republicanism took the editorial 
 management of a political journal in which certain features 
 of the government were violently assailed, and the tocsin 
 of war was sounded. As Mr. Dresel was prominent in the 
 movement, efforts were made for bis arrest and punishment. 
 Had his enemies succeeded, it would have subjected .him to 
 a long and humiliating imprisonment, from which he barely 
 escaped by a precipitate flight and the use of various dis- 
 
 guises, He finally took refuge in the first vessel he reached, 
 not knowing its destination. His pursuers were close on 
 his track and searched the vessel with all diligence, but by 
 the kindness of the captain he was effectually concealed. 
 Fortunately the ship was bound for the United States, and 
 thus by what would seem to be a mere accident, he reached 
 a country that recognized the great principles for the main- 
 tenance of which he had become a fugitive from his native 
 land. In November, 1849, Lresel reached Baltimore, 
 a stranger, poor, and friendless, but he had talent and edu- 
 cation and energy, and was equal to the emergency. He 
 went West. Prior to his naturalization he was, by special 
 act of the Ohio Legislature, allowed an examination before 
 the Supreme Court of this .State and admitted to the prac- 
 tice of the law. In 1853 he moved to the city of Columbus, 
 where in due time he attained a prominent position at the 
 bar, and secured a remunerative practice. In 1855 he was 
 married to Louise M. Silbernagel, a daughter of an influen- 
 tial citizen of Columbus, by whom he has had five children, 
 the eldest of them being at this date a promising student in 
 the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Ohio. In the 
 troublous times of 1861 Mr. Dresel was elected a member 
 of the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, from Franklin 
 county. The late war of the rebellion had culminated in an 
 open conflict. Very rigid measures were adopted to fill up 
 the ranks and supply material aid to the government, some 
 of these being regarded by many as usurpations of power, 
 endangering the liberties of the people. These are among 
 the things of the past, and are only alluded to as bearing on 
 an important portion of Mr. Dresel’s history, for, following 
 out his convictions, he introduced into the Legislature a 
 series of resolutions denouncing some of these measures as 
 usurpations of power. After a most animated and bitter 
 discussion a resolution to expel him from the body was de- 
 feated, and a mere vote of censure was passed. At the 
 ensuing election Mr. Dresel was renominated by acclama- 
 tion, and elected by an overwhelming majority, indicative 
 of his full vindication in the hearts of the people he repre- 
 sented. Being a zealous advocate of the principles of the 
 Democratic party, Mr. Dresel took an active part in many 
 Presidential and State campaigns, and was one of the most 
 popular and successful German “stump” orators in the 
 West. On the 14th of December, 1864, he resigned his 
 seat in the Legislature, that he might be enabled to more 
 fully devote himself to the practice of the law. Although 
 he has been fully occupied in professional and private 
 duties, few have manifested greater public spirit or accom- 
 plished more in the advancement of the educational and 
 other important enterprises of the city. P'or many years he 
 seiwed as a member of the Board of Education, and as 
 chairman of the Committee on Rules ami Regulations 
 drafted the first manual of the Board, and of the Public 
 .Schools, which is .still in force and forms the basis for the 
 action of the former, and the government of the latter. He 
 has also been an active member of the Board of Trustees 
 
444 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOPA£I)IA. 
 
 of the Public Library and Reading Room of the city 
 of Columbus, and has served as the Secretary from the time 
 of its first organization to the present. He has exercised a 
 thoughtful oversight of the institution generally, and espec- 
 i.rlly of the German department, making selections of the 
 books, classifying and registering them with his own hand, 
 and providing the reading room with the choicest papers 
 and magazines. In these qs well as all other positions he 
 has shown himself capable and faithful. Besides being a fine 
 general scholar and a man of very unusual literary culture, 
 Mr. Diesel is a great admirer of the fine arts, and possesses 
 a natural and highly cultivated taste for music, and is an 
 amateur performer on several instruments. P'or some years 
 he occupied the position of Musical Director of the Maenner- 
 chor, the leading German glee club of Columbus. Under 
 his leadersliip the society gave in 1867 and 1868, during 
 two successive winter seasons at Naughton Hall, a series 
 of what may be called fashionable concerts, attended by 
 ci'owded and appreciative audiences, consisting of the elite 
 of the city. Since August, 1S75, Mr. Dresel has taken 
 charge of the Ohio State Agency for the Protection Life 
 Insurance Company of Chicago. Mr. Dresel is .so well- 
 preserved that he would not be taken for a semi-centenarian. 
 He is active in his movements, stands or walks erect, is at 
 least six feet high, and though slender is well-proportioned. 
 His expressive countenance and blue eyes, when in repose, 
 indicate a gentle nature and a kind heart, but when aroused, 
 his contracted brows and flashing eyes reveal that hidden 
 energy and enthusiasm which have characterized and sus- 
 tained his eventful and checkered career throughout. 
 
 f OXLEY, NATHANIEL K., M. D., was born 
 Tunbridge, Orange county, Vermont, Febi'uary 
 8th, 1818, and was the ninth child in a family of 
 ten children, whose parents were Thomas Moxley 
 and Asenath (Flint) Moxley. His father, a native 
 of Stonington, Connecticut, followed through life 
 the profession of medicine, and died in 1846 at Tunbridge, 
 Vermont, where he had been for many years engaged in 
 professional labors. His mother, also a native of Stoning- 
 ton, Connecticut, died in Tunbridge, Vermont, in 1869, at 
 the advanced age of ninety-two years. On the paternal 
 side he is of English extraction, and related to various active 
 participants in the revolutionary conflict, notably four uncles. 
 On his mother's side he is of Danish origin, and also finds 
 there several ancestors who took an active part in the stir 
 ring events preceding and following the vear 1776. Until 
 his fifteenth year was attained, his days were passed alter- 
 nately in attending school during the winter months, and in 
 laboring on a farm through the summer seasons. In 1834 
 he commenced an academical course of studv at Royalton, 
 Vermont, and remained there as a student for about four 
 years. He then returned to Tunbridge, Vermont, and 
 
 began the reading of medicine under the supervision of C. 
 B. Chandler, a prominent physician of his new location. 
 At the expiration of two years consumed in diligent research, 
 he moved to Randolph, Vermont, where he continued the 
 study of medicine until the fall of 1841, and after attending 
 medical lectures at Dartmouth College, and at Woodstock, 
 Vermont, graduated at the Vermont University, in Burling- 
 ton. In the course of the same year he removed to Ohio, 
 and practised about eighteen months in Wheelersburg, 
 Scioto county. In July, 1843, settled at Pine Grove 
 P’urnace, Lawrence county, where he remained until 1847, 
 when, on account of impaired health, he returned to .Scioto 
 county, and there continued employed in professional labors 
 until January, 1852, when he moved to fronton, Lawrence 
 county, where, while sustaining unabatedly the practice of 
 medicine, he opened also a commodious store for the sale 
 and dispensing of drugs. At the present time he is recog- 
 nized as one of the leading physicians of fronton, and in 
 addition is known as the reliable and successful head of a 
 large drug business. In February, 1873, the Miami Uni- 
 versity of Ohio conferred upon him the honorary degree of 
 ad entidem, and in 1868 the Ohio Wesleyan University 
 conferred upon him the honorary degree of A. M. P'or 
 seven years he has been a member of the City Council of 
 fronton ; for twenty-five years has been a member of the 
 Board of Education of the fronton schools; and since 1859 
 has served efficiently on the County Board of School Exam- 
 iners. Also for many years he has been a valued and prom- 
 inent member of the I-awrence County Medic.al Society, 
 and of the Ohio Valley Medical Association. During the 
 progress of the rebellion, he officiated as County Surgeon 
 of Lawrence county. For many years also he has been a 
 prominent member of the Masonic and Odd Fellow frater- 
 nities; for six years has served as Master of Lawrence 
 Lodge, F. and A. M., and is the present King of the Chap- 
 ter ; and Noble Grand of Ironton Lodge, 1 . O. O. F. His 
 initial vote was cast in favor of General Harrison. Relig- 
 iously he is a Congregationalist, and is a deacon of his 
 church. His integrity of character, entirely unassailable, 
 is admirably paralleled by his tireless and well-directed 
 energy and industry. He was married in November, 1848, 
 to Sophia McConnell, a native of Scioto county, Ohio, and 
 has four children — three daughters and one son. 
 
 j'uARV, DANIEL B., Lawyer, Zanesville, Ohio, 
 was born in Brandon, Vermont, April 12th, 1823, 
 his parents being natives of New Hampshire, to 
 which they returned when he was ten years old, 
 settling at Keene, where he attended school until 
 eighteen years of age. He then commenced to 
 learn the trade of cabinet-m.aker under Abel Wilder, with 
 whom he served not quite three years, and then as a jour- 
 neyman worked at his trade for about five years. In 1847 
 
REPRESENTATIVE FROM OHIO 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENX'VCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 445 
 
 he went to Worcester, Massachusetts, and worked at car- 
 building in the factory of Bradley & Rice, where he re- 
 mained until 1850, when he went to Columbus, Ohio, and 
 continued his trade in the car-shops of Ridgway & Kimble 
 until May 13th, 1851, when he went to Zanesville, Ohio, 
 where he has since resided. At first he found employment 
 in the car-shops of Douglas Smith & Co., and there stayed 
 four years. In the latter part of 1855 he commenced the 
 study of law with James Harper, and under Colonel Wil- 
 liam H. Ball he finished reading, March 30th, 1857, at 
 which date he was admitted to the bar as a practising law- 
 yer. He has been engaged in active pursuit of his profes- 
 sion ever since, with the exception of the period of his ser- 
 vice in the army. He joined and was mustered into service 
 October 22d, 1862, as Captain of Company I, I22d Ohio 
 Volunteers, and held the position for seventeen months, 
 when he was honorably discharged on account of sickness 
 which rendered him unfit for duty. In 1843 he was married 
 to Sophronia C. Thatcher, who died P'ebruary 2d, 1851. On 
 October l6th, 1851, he was married to Mary Little, who 
 was killed by the falling of the market-house, January 24th, 
 1863. He was married a third time, on November l6th, 
 1865, to Roxanna M. Helmick. He has held the position 
 of Prosecuting Attorney for the county. At present he is 
 engaged in a large and lucrative practice, and is highly 
 esteemed for his many good qualities. 
 
 i IGELOW, ASA, Physician, was born. May 2d, 
 1820, in Peru, Bennington county, Vermont. 
 His parents, Reuben Bigelow and Abigail 
 Brooks, were Americans of \Velsh ancestry. 
 His father settled in Peru about the year 1798, 
 purchasing two farms for fifty cents. One of 
 these farms he afterwards sold, and on the other raised 
 twelve children. Reuben Bigelow was a man of force and 
 prominence, and served several years in the Legislature of 
 Vermont. In 1822 a family meeting was held, at which 
 eleven children were present. P'ifty years later the family 
 had a second reunion, but three had passed away. Seven 
 of the children were girls and five boys, of whom Asa is the 
 youngest. Their ages average sixty-four years and their 
 weight one hundred and eighty-four pounds. Eight of the 
 children are still living. Asa laid the foundation of his 
 education at the academies in Chester and Braltleborough, 
 Vermont. Leaving school, he read medicine with Dr. L. 
 G. Whiting, at Londonderry. Vermont, graduating at Wood- 
 stock, in that State, March loth, 1840. P'or three years and 
 a half after leaving college he practised medicine in Wind- 
 ham, and then joined his old preceptor in Londonderry. 
 In the spring of 1845 he went to .Attica, P'ountain county, 
 Indiana, where he pursued his profession with gratifying 
 success for twenty-six years. His skilful surgical operations 
 gave him wide fame. In January, 1862, he was commis- 
 
 sioned Surgeon of the 3d Illinois Cavalry ; was at the battle 
 of Pea Ridge, and left the army in October of the same 
 year to settle in Toledo, Ohio, where he has since resided. 
 His large practice in medicine and surgery has come as the 
 result of a mind fitted for the work, added to a zealous love 
 for his profession. His medical brethren have not been slow 
 to recognize and acknowledge his ability and skill. Dr. 
 Bigelow is an active and useful member of the Medical As- 
 sociation of Toledo. February 14th, 1848, he married Mary 
 E. Lamont, at Attica, Indiana, who died December 2d, 1850, 
 leaving an infant boy, who soon followed his mother. Oc- 
 tober 4th, 1853, Dr. Bigelow married Martha A. Scott, of 
 P'ountain county, Indiana; of this union four children were 
 born, three of whom, one girl and two boys, are now living. 
 
 SHLEV, JAMES M., Editor and Lawyer, ex- 
 member of Congress and ex- Governor of Mon- 
 
 tana, was born in .Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, 
 November 14th, 1824. His parents were natives 
 of America, of English and Scotch extraction. 
 His early education was acquired at home, under 
 the guidance of his father and mother. In 1841 he entered 
 the printing office of the Sciola Valley Republican, edited 
 by William P. Camden, and subsequently was employed in 
 various printing offices until he became in 1848 editor and 
 proprietor of the Democrat, in Portsmouth, Ohio. During 
 his experience as an editor he studied law with Charles 
 Oscar Tracy, under whom he prosecuted his studies until 
 he was admitted to the bar in 1849, shortly after which he 
 relinquished hrs connection with the Democrat. The en- 
 suing two years were passed in Portsmouth in the office of 
 his former preceptor in the practice of his profession. In 
 the fall of 1851 he moved to Toledo, Ohio, and there, with 
 the exception of temporary absences on official business, he 
 has permanently resided. In 1858 he was elected as a radi- 
 cal anti-slavery man to the Thirty-sixth Congress from the 
 then P'ifth District of Ohio. To this honorable position he 
 was consecutively re-electeo in i860, 1862, 1864 and 1S66. 
 While in Congress, during Buchanan’s administration, he 
 delivered two speeches which dealt ably with the momentous 
 questions of the hour. In the second speech, after the elec- 
 tion of Mr. Lincoln, he anticipated the great events of the 
 approaching war, and drew attention to the vital issues pre- 
 sented. It stands recorded as a masterly, an eloquent oration 
 in the interest of unity and peace, and was recognized as a 
 statesmanlike view of a political situation. In 1863 and 
 1864 he had charge in the House of Representatives of the 
 Constitutional amendment for the abolishment of slavery in 
 the United .States, which was, as history tells, carried in the 
 House of Representatives by the aid of Democratic votes 
 and became part of the Constitution. While that amend- 
 ment was under consideration he delivered a speech in its 
 favor, which added in no small degree to his reputation for 
 
446 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 ability and broad, liberal views. March I2th, 1863, he re- 
 ported from his committee the first reconstruction bill intro- 
 duced in either House of Congress, and subsequently de- 
 livered several speeches in favor of the plan of reconstruction 
 which he provided for in his first bill. In 1866 he introduced 
 the original resolution for tlie impeachment of Andrew John- 
 son, President of the United States, which was referred to 
 the Judiciary Committee. The evidence presented to the 
 committee was reported upon, and finally a resolution was 
 passed by the House impeaching the President. In 1869 
 he was appointed by General Ulysses S. Grant Governor 
 of Mont.ma, but in 1871 was removed by him for alleged 
 unfriendly criticism of his administration. At the present 
 time he is engaged in the practice of law in Toledo, Ohio. 
 In 1872 he voted for Horace Greeley, and has acted since 
 with the Democrats and liberal Republicans. He was mar- 
 ried, in November, 1851, to Emma J. Smith, of Kentucky. 
 
 ORRIS, REV. ROBERT DESHA, D. D., Clergy- 
 man, was born in Washington, Mason county, 
 Kentucky, August 22d, 1814. He is the eldest 
 son of Colonel Joseph Morris, who removed from 
 New Jersey to Kentucky in 1794. The Morris 
 family — Maur-rwyce: literally, “warlike, power- 
 ful ” — trace their descent from a chieftain primogenitor in 
 Wales in 933. In later times, they had important com 
 mands, and fought in the battles of the Parliament against 
 Charles I.; but after the death of Cromwell they were ob- 
 liged to flee from Monmouthshire to escape the vengeance 
 of Charles II., and took refuge in the Island of Barbadoes. 
 P'rom this island his fourth grandfather, Lewis Morris, soon 
 after sailed for New Jersey, and settled in that part now 
 termed Monmouth county, where he was one of the Judges 
 of the first Monmouth court. Another branch of the family, 
 about the same time, settled at and gave the name to 
 Morrisania, New York, and have become famous in the 
 history of the country. His paternal grandfather was in 
 the revolutionary war, and having been taken prisoner, 
 was confined with many other patriots in the “ Old Sugar 
 House,” in Liberty street, New York, where they endured 
 untold sufferings, pounded glass being sometimes mingled 
 with their miserable food. Ills maternal ancestors, the 
 Deshas, fled from La Rochelle on the Revocation of the 
 Eilict of Nantes by Louis XIV. in 1685, and came to New 
 Rochelle, New York. They subsequently settled on the 
 Delaware, above the W'ater Gap, where they lived many 
 years. In 1784 the Deshas and the Overfields emigrated 
 to Kentucky. They were with the Kentons, .Simon and 
 John, in their stations, and shared in their struggles with 
 frontier life and the merciless Indian. His mother being 
 descended from the Huguenot stock, held tenaciously to 
 the Reformed or Calvinistic faith. Her only son early im- 
 bibed these tenets, to which he has steadfastly adhered. 
 
 Having been prepared at Bracken Academy, Augusta, Ken- 
 tucky, he entered Augusta College in the same place, and 
 after a four-years’ course graduated August 7th, 1S34. He 
 then went to the Theological Seminary, Princeton, New 
 Jersey, where he completed another four-years’ course, Sep- 
 tember 24th, 1838. During vacations he attended lectures 
 at the theological department of Yale College, and travelled 
 extensively over the country. He was licensed to preach 
 by the Presbytery of Philadelphia, in that city, April l8th, 
 1838. His first sermon was preached in the Presbyterian 
 Church at Newtown, Bucks county, Pennsylvania, April 
 22d, 1838, and his second discourse was delivered on the 
 afternoon of the same day in the old Ben Salem Presbyterian 
 Church, near the Philadelphia line. Having been called to 
 Newtown, in August following he was ordained and installed 
 pastor of that church by the Second Presbytery of Philadel- 
 phia, October 23d, 1838, and sustained that relation for 
 eighteen years. He removed thence to Oxford, Ohio, where 
 he has been for over sixteen years President of Oxford Fe- 
 male College. He received the honorary degree of D. D. 
 from Centre College, Kentucky, June, 1870. He was mar- 
 ried, May 3d, 1842, to Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of 
 Matthew L. Bevan, an eminent merchant and Christian 
 gentleman of Philadelphia. The old Newtown Church was 
 built before the Revolution, and had many historic associa- 
 tions. Washington’s head-cpiarters were near by, and when 
 the Hessians were captured over at Trenton, almost in sight, 
 many of them were lodged within the solid stone walls of 
 the old church. A British officer, annoyed at the curious 
 crowds, took a piece of charcoal and wrote on the wall op- 
 posite the pulpit : 
 
 In times of war, and not before, 
 
 God and the soldier men adore ; 
 
 When the war is o’er, and all things righted, 
 
 The Lord’s forgot and the soldier slighted. 
 
 These memories aided not a little to increase the zeal of 
 the young pastor; and the old church was renovated and 
 enlarged, and continues to flourish. Besides diligent atten- 
 tion to his pastoral duties, he was abundant in labors and 
 in preaching and planting churches in other places. Several 
 important churches in Bucks county owe their formation to 
 his persistent efforts. He was uniformly prompt and active 
 in his attendance upon the judicatories of his denomination, 
 and was several times elected by his Presbytery to represent 
 them in the highest court of the Presbyterian Church. He 
 was a member of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian 
 Church at Louisville, Kentucky, in 1844; at Cincinnati in 
 1850; at New Orleans in 1858, and at Philadelphia in 1870. 
 In general improvement, in temperance and educational 
 movements, he was very active, having been President of 
 the Pennsylvania State Temperance Convention at Harris- 
 burg in 1846. He served as Director in the common schools, 
 and established a superior Parochial School and Classical 
 Academy, now in successful operation at Newtown. He 
 

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 447 
 
 was for years an energetic and laborious Trustee for Lafayette 
 College, helping to raise her endowment and sending her 
 many promising young men. In Ohio his educational efforts 
 have continued with unabated interest. The 0 .xford Female 
 College, over which he presides, has the well-deserved 
 honor of being one of the best educational establishments in 
 the country. 
 
 RAFF, J. 4 iCOB, late Merchant, was born, Septem- 
 ber 1st, 1802, in Arch street, Philadelphia, Penn- 
 sylvania, and was educated in the schools of that 
 ^ city. He learned the auction business in the 
 house of Pearcell & Gerlon, and when he had at- 
 tained his majority his father started him in the 
 general produce business, in which he continued prosper- 
 ously until the great financial crises of 1833 and 1834, and 
 having also engaged largely in coal-land speculations — the 
 excitement in such investments then running high — he sus- 
 pended payment. Not caring to accept a subordinate posi- 
 tion at that time, he remained out of business until 1836, 
 and in the autumn of that year went to Cincinnati and effected 
 an engagement with the Newport Manufacturing Company 
 as Supervisor and confidential clerk, and occupied those 
 positions until their failure in 1839. He then embarked in 
 the auction business on Main street, under the firm-name 
 of Hutchinson & Graff, and on the death of his partner, 
 which occurred shortly after they commenced, he formed a 
 copartnership with J. J. Wright, and carried on the auction, 
 commission and real-estate business, opening a house on 
 Third street, where they continued until the death of his 
 partner. He next associated himself with Thomas Johnson, 
 their place of business being on Main street, he being chief 
 salesm.an. This firm continued to exist until 1858, when he 
 engaged on his own account on East Fourth street, the firm- 
 name being Jacob Graff & Co., and there he continued until 
 his death. During his long business career in Cincinnati he 
 was regarded by his competitors as an upright and honor- 
 able business man, and one in whose word implicit confi- 
 dence could be placed. The high appreciation in which he 
 was held by the representative citizens of Cincinnati may be 
 under.->tood by the perusal of the subjoined testimonial from 
 the Chamber of Commerce, which was reported by a com- 
 mittee and spread upon the minutes of that association. It 
 is as follows : 
 
 Your committee, appointed to draft a minute upon the 
 death of Jacob Graff, respectfully submit the following as 
 their report: Jacob Graff, Esq., whose recent death we are 
 called upon to mourn, was one of the oldest and most highly 
 respectable members of this body, and in his earlier days 
 one of its most active and influential members. Years ago, 
 when the Chamber of Commerce was comparatively weak 
 in numbers, he was always present, taking an active part in 
 promoting its growth and usefulness in the business com- 
 munity ; but of late years he was seldom seen upon the floor 
 of the Chamber, but retained his membership and his interest 
 
 in the association. No man in this community was more 
 generally known, and wherever known moie highly respected 
 than Mr. Grafl'. His uprightness and strict inlegrily, his un- 
 assuming and consistent Christian character, secured him the 
 confidence of all who knew him. He was frank and genial 
 in manner, affable and courteous to all, and fair and honor- 
 able in all his dealings; and in his death the Chamber loses 
 one of its most estimable and worthy members, and the city 
 of Cincinnati one of its most useful citizens. To the wile 
 of the deceased, who mourns the loss of her companion of 
 nearly fifty years, to the children and grandchildren, we 
 tender our most sincere sympathy. 
 
 Signed, Jacob Burnet, Jr., 
 
 Hugh McBirnev, 
 Richard Smith. 
 
 He was initiated into the Masonic order in 1S40 in La- 
 fayette Lodge, Cincinnati; was exalted to Cincinnati Chap- 
 ter, April 5th, 1843; elected Scribe in 1845; King in 
 1846, holding the latter office two years; in 1S48 he was 
 chosen High Priest, and during the same year was elected 
 by the Chapter Grand High Priest, serving in each capacity 
 four years. He received all the degrees in Masonry to the 
 thirty-second degree, and he served for two years as Presi- 
 dent of the Masonic Octroi Association of Ohio. He 
 also served one year in the commandery as Prelate; one 
 year as Generalissimo, and one year as Captain-General. 
 He waS a consistent Christian, having been a member of the 
 Second Presbyterian Church for many years. His conver- 
 sion was no doubt attributable to the influence of his wife, 
 who has been almost a life-long Christian, and now rejoices 
 in the hope of being reunited with him in an eternal home. 
 He was married, April 17th, 1827, to Mary A., daughter 
 of John McKnight, of Reading, Pennsylvania. He died 
 November 30th, 1875 > father of seven children, 
 
 of whom three are now living, two sons and one daughter. 
 His son. Dr. M. B. Graff, and a grandson, John McKnight 
 Sears, have succeeded him in his business, which they con- 
 tinue in the same place where he passed so many years of 
 his life. 
 
 OORE, WILLIAM E., D. D., Pastor of the Second 
 Presbyterian Church, Columbus, Ohio, was born 
 in Strasburg, Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, 
 April 1st, 1823. At the completion of his course 
 of studies in Yale College, he graduated from that 
 institution in 1847. Later he entered upon the 
 study of theology, and taught in the academy at P'airfield, 
 Connecticut, and in April, 1850, was licensed by the Pres- 
 bytery of Wilmington. In the following October he was 
 ordained and installed pastor of the P'irst Presbyterian 
 Church, West Chester, Pennsylvania, by the Third Presby- 
 tery of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In this field of Chris- 
 tian labors he was engaged until 1872, when he became 
 pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church of Columbus, 
 Ohio, where he is still in charge. His grandfather was an 
 officer in the revolutionary war. His father. Dr. Jacob 
 
448 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 Moore, was a captain of cavalry in the war of 1812-15. He 
 himself served as Lieutenant of Artillery in the Pennsylva- 
 nia militia during the Gettysburg campaign, in 1863. He 
 was married, September 19th, 1850, to Harriet F. Foot, 
 daughter of Rev. George Foot, pastor of the Presbyterian 
 Church at Newark, Delaware. 
 
 ?EIGS, HON. RETURN JONATHAN, was born 
 in Middlebury, Connecticut, in 1765. He gradu- 
 ated at Yale, studied law, and was admitted to the 
 har in his native town. Not long after he de- 
 jtarted for the wilderness of the West, becoming 
 one of the pioneers of the old town of Marietta. 
 In 1S02 he was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of 
 Ohio, but resigned the next year to accept a military ap- 
 pointment from President Jefferson. He was given the 
 command of the Unitetl States troops and militia in the 
 northern district of Louisiana. Soon after he was appointed 
 a ludge in the Territory named above. In 1807 he was ap- 
 pointed a Judge for the then Territory of Michigan, but re- 
 signed the same year, and hecaine a candidate for Gover- 
 nor of Ohio. He was elected by a decided vote, but was 
 debarred from taking his seat through not having resided 
 in the State continuously for four years previous to his can- 
 didacy. The Legislature of 1807-8 sent him to the United 
 States Senate, where he served with credit. In iSio he 
 was again elected Governor, and during the second war 
 with Great Britain was prompt and active in all measures 
 pertaining to the public safety. In 1814 he resigned the 
 Governorship to become Postmaster-General of the United 
 States, in which position he served with distinguished 
 ability under Presidents Madison and Monroe. He retired 
 from the office in 1823, and died at. Marietta, March 29th, 
 1825. In mind and personal appearance he was a states- 
 man of the old school. He- was tall and erect in figure, 
 with a shapely head and aquiline nose, and had altogether 
 a very fine presence. 
 
 C/oV 
 
 HERW'OOD, ISAAC R., ex-Secretary of State, 
 
 ex-Member of Congress, Journalist, and Lawyer, 
 was born, August 15th, 1835. He received his 
 preliminary education at the Hudson River In- 
 stitute, Claverack, New York, subsequently enter- 
 ing Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio. 
 From Antioch he went to the Western Law School, at 
 Cleveland, where he applied himself assiduously to the 
 study of law. Having a taste for journalism, he located at 
 Bryan, Williams county, Ohio, in 1857, where he established 
 the Williams Coun/y Gazitte, a Radical Republican news- 
 paper. He soon showed himself a writer of force, and was 
 brought into prominent notice. In 1859 he was elected 
 Probate Judge of Williams county, which office he filled 
 
 creditably until he resigned to defend his country. He 
 was one of the first to respond to the call to arms. On the 
 1 8th of April, 1861, he enlisted as a private in 14th Regi- 
 ment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. In this capacity he served 
 four months in West Virginia, taking part in the fights of 
 Laurel Mouutain, Cheat River, and Carrick’s Ford. He 
 then received a Lieutenant’s commission in the liith Regi- 
 ment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was appointed Adjutant 
 of his regiment, and served in that position through the 
 Buell campaign of 1862, in Kentucky. On the ist of Feb- 
 ruary, at the unanimous request of the field and line officers, 
 he was commissioned Major of his regiment. He fought 
 against John Morgan and bore a brave part in the East 
 Tennessee campaign. He led the skirmishers of Burnside’s 
 army in the retreat from Huff s Ferry to Lenore. He com- 
 manded his regiment at Huffs h’erry, siege of Knoxville, 
 Campbell’s Station, Blane’s Cross Roads, Dandridge, Straw- 
 berry Plains, Mossy Creek, and Loudon. On February 
 I2th, 1864, he was made a Lieutenant-Colonel, and from 
 that time until the close of the war he was in command of 
 his regiment. After his promotion he was in the engage- 
 ments at Rocky Face, Resaca, Burnt Hickory, Dallas, 
 Pine Mountain, Lost Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain, Chatta- 
 hoochie, Decatur, Peach Tree Creek, Utoy Creek, Atlanta, 
 Lovejoy, Columbia, and Franklin. For gallantry in the 
 latter engagement he was made a Brevet Brigadier-General. 
 He was then transferred to the East, in time to go through 
 the North Carolina campaign. He was in the two days’ 
 fighting at Nashville, and in the last charge, on the l6lh of 
 December, 1864, captured three stands of colors and a large 
 number of prisoners. In the North Carolina campaign he 
 did good service at Fort Anderson, Tom Creek, and Raleigh, 
 being present at the final surrender at Durham’s Station. 
 At the close of the war. General Sherwood was assigned to 
 duty as Commissioner of the Freedmen’s Bureau for the 
 State of Florida, but he immediately resigned. He returned 
 to Ohio, published the Toledo Commercial, sold out to 
 Clark Waggoner in 1866, and accepted a position on the 
 Cleveland Leader, remaining there until 1868, when he 
 was elected Secretary of State, and filled the office for two 
 successive terms. In 1872 he was sent to Congress from 
 the Sixth Ohio District. While in Congress he was a mem- 
 ber of the Committee on Railroads and Canals. At the end 
 of his term he returned to practise law at Bryan, Ohio. 
 
 ^Ir^EARlNG, HON. PAUL, was born in Wareham, 
 Plymouth county, Massachusetts, F'ebruary 28th, 
 1762. His parents were farmers, with no preten- 
 sions to distinction. He graduated from college 
 in 1785, and entered upon a course of legal study, 
 being admitted to the bar in 1787. At this time 
 the most important topic of conversation in New England 
 was the great Ohio Land Company, just forming, and he 
 
BIOGRAI’HICAL ENCVCLOI’.EDIA. 
 
 449 
 
 dee ded to visit the scene of the proposed settlement. lie j 
 arrived at his destination, June i6th, 1788. He was ad- 
 mitted to the bar of the Northwest Territory the same year. 
 In 1795 he was married to Cynthia Rouse, and had also 
 become at this time -one of the leading lawyers of the Terri- 
 tory. In 1797 he was appointed Judge of Probate for * 
 AVashington county. lie was a member of the Legislature ! 
 in iSoo, and was a delegate to Congress the following year. 
 He was among the very first settlers of Ohio to engage in 
 the raising of merino sheep, since become a great industry, 
 and was one of the most successful growers in his section. 
 He held various civil offices after his term in Congress. 
 He died August 21st, 1822, his wife dying the same day. 
 
 EWCOMB, ALEXANDER H.. ex-Mayor of 
 Toledo, was born, August 6th, 1824, in Waterloo, 
 New York. In 1835 he removed with his parents 
 to Toledo, Ohio, where he h.as since made his 
 home. His father, Eleazer Newcomb, was a sol- 
 dier in the war. of 1812, his grandfather was a 
 soldier in the Revolution, and his great-grandfather. Captain 
 Bayes Newcomb, fought in the French war of 1757. His 
 paternal ancestors came to this country from England, in 
 about 1650, and were among the early settlers of New 
 England. His maternal grandfather, Walter Taylor, was a 
 captain in the revolutionary army. In 1856 Mr. Newcomb 
 lost his right hand by the premature discharge of a cannon, 
 at a Whig mass-meeting. When the Whig party ceased to 
 exist, he naturally found a political home in the Republi- 
 can party, to which he still belongs. He is a prominent 
 and zealous Free Mason, having been made in Toledo 
 Lodge in March, 1851. In December of 1854 he was 
 elected Worshipful Master of his lodge, in which capacity 
 he served for twelve years. For thirteen years he was 
 Grand Lecturer for the Third Ohio District. In October 
 of 1867 he was elected Grand Senior Warden of the Grand 
 I.odge of Ohio, being re-elected in the following year. In 
 October of 1869 he was elected Grand Master, and served 
 as such for three consecutive terms. During Mr. New- 
 comb’s administration as Grand Master, the Earl De Grey 
 and Ripon, Grand Master of England, visited Washington 
 on business for his government. A banquet of unusual 
 elegance was given by the Masonic fraternity to the Earl 
 De Grey and Ripon, and at this Grand Master Newcomb 
 was present by invitation. Mr. Newcomb is a member of 
 P'oit Meigs Chapter, Toledo Council, Royal and Select 
 Masons, and of Toledo Commandery, No. 7, Knights Temp- 
 lar. He was a Justice of the Peace from 1857 to i860, 
 when he was elected Mayor of Toledo. Mr. Newcomb has 
 seen Toledo grow from a small village into a busy, thriving 
 city of sixty thousand inhabitants — a growth in which he 
 has borne a creditable part. 
 
 57 
 
 ARFIELI), GENERAL JAMES ABRAM, was 
 born, November 19th, 1831, in Orange, Cuya- 
 hoga county, Ohio. His father, Abram Garfield, 
 belonged to an old Massachusetts family, while 
 eibT'j his mother, Eliza (Ballou) Garfield, was a rela- 
 tive of the celebrated Hosea Ballou, and was 
 from the State of New Hampshire. The father died in 
 1833, leaving a family of four children. He was one of 
 the first settlers of the township of Orange. The widowed 
 mother kept together her fatherless little ones, of whom 
 James A. was the youngest. Hard manual labor fell to his 
 lot at a tender age, for at fourteen he was working at car- 
 pentering, and two years later had a few months experience 
 as a boatman on the Ohio canal. But a love for study was 
 inherent in his nature, and, like the lamented Lincoln, the 
 severest physical labor could not restrain his desire to read 
 the thoughts of great authors. The age of seventeen found 
 him in the Geauga .Seminary at Chester, Ohio, and a little 
 later in the Eclectic Institute, then but recently established 
 at Hiram. True to the experience of many of oiu' public 
 men, he was a teacher in the common schools long before 
 he had completed his education. He taught for several 
 terms, and was then made an assistant in the institution at 
 Hiram. In 1854 he entered the senior class of Williams 
 College, Massachusetts, and took at once high rank as a 
 scholar. His quick discernment and application brought 
 him to the favorable notice’of the venerable President Hop- 
 kins, and when he was graduated, in 1856, he carried off 
 one of the highest honors of his class. In obtaining his 
 education he was entirely dependent upon his own scanty 
 resources. These, with some small loans (subsequently 
 paid in full), placed him among the ranks of the nation’s 
 thinkers. Immediately after graduating, he entered upon 
 the profession of a college tutor, being given the chair of 
 Ancient Languages and Literature in the institution at 
 Hiram. In the following year he was honored by an elec- 
 tion as Principal. Thoroughly devoted to his work, he 
 soon rai.sed the already flourishing school to a much higher 
 standard as an institution of learning, and extended its 
 patronage far and wide. Previous to this lime he had 
 taken no part in politics. But he was naturally a politician 
 in the broad sense of the term, and an era was dawning 
 upon the country that was bound to claim his attention and 
 the activities of his intellect. The Republican party had 
 entered upon its first campaign with P'reniont as its standard 
 bearer. The spirit of its platform enlisted his warmest 
 sympathies, and he followed it and shared in the sorrow of 
 its defeat. In 1859 he was elected by that parly a member 
 of the Ohio Senate, and took his seat as the youngest mem- 
 ber of that body, hut soon earned a reputation as a legisla- 
 tor of ability, industry, and usefulness. Before the close of 
 his legislative labors, the slaveholders’ rebellion broke out. 
 He soon entered the service of his country as a champion 
 of the Union. He was chosen, in the autumn of 1861, 
 Colonel of the 42d Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, largely 
 
450 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 recniited by himself. At its head he entered eastern Ken- 
 tucky in December of the same year, and was immediately 
 assigned to the command of the i8th Brigade of the Army 
 of the Ohio. As comm.ander of this brigade he conducted 
 a very successful wfinter campaign against a force of rebels 
 under Humphrey Marshall. His battles were the first sig- 
 nal successes of the Union forces in the West, and their re- 
 sult was the expulsion of the rebel forces from eastern Ken- 
 tucky. The fame of his achievements spread through the 
 country, and were commented upon in glowing terms by 
 the new'spapers of the day. His personal bravery was con- 
 spicuous on every field, and his services received prompt 
 recognition by his promotion to the grade of Brigadier- 
 General. He now joined the army of Geneial Buell. At 
 the battle of Shiloh, and in the operations around Corinth, 
 Decatur, and Huntsville, he commanded the 20th Brigade. 
 In November, 1862, he was summoned to Washington, and 
 sat as a member of the court-martial that tried General Fitz 
 John Porter. In January, 1863, he was assigned to the 
 Army of the Cumberland, under command of Rosecrans, 
 who at once made him Chief of Staff. Here he rendered 
 distinguished services, and was the confidential adviser of 
 the commander-in-chief. He was in all the engagements 
 of that army in middle and southern Tennessee, and took a 
 prominent part in the bloody battle of Chickamauga. For 
 services in that engagement he received a Major-General’s 
 commission. His military career now closed, for, on the 
 5th of December, 1863, he resigned to enter another field 
 of duty. During his brief but eventful career as a soldier, 
 he made a most brilliant record, and won his epaulettes by 
 hard fighting in the saddle. He had been elected to Con- 
 gress from the Nineteenth Ohio District, and took his seat 
 immediately on leaving the army. The nation lost a sol- 
 dier, but received a patriot into its councils. He has served 
 in every Congress from that date to this, and with distin- 
 guished success. He has served at the head of the most 
 important committees of the House, and his voice has 
 abvays commanded attention whenever an important meas- 
 ure was under consideration. He introduced and carried 
 through the bill creating the National Bureau of Education, 
 and has since defended it against all assaults. His speeches 
 on the country’s finances alone have gained for him a high 
 reputation as a student of national affairs. An exhaustive 
 and able speech on currency and finance, made by him in 
 1868, at the request of the Secretary of the Treasury, and 
 sent to our ministers abroad as a means of strengthening the 
 public credit, w'as so well received that he was elected an 
 honorary member of the Cobden Club of London, Charles 
 Sumner being the only other member of Congress on its 
 list. Congressional and military duties, however, have not 
 claimed all his time and attention since his education was 
 finished. In the spring of 1861, after a full course of study, 
 he was admitted to practise in the Siqireme Court of Ohio, 
 and five years later he obtained the same standing in the 
 Supreme Court of the United States. Also, in the field of 
 
 literature, his papers and addresses have a high degree of 
 merit. Prominent among these we cite “ The American 
 Census,” read before the Suci.rl Science Association ; his 
 addresses on “ College Education,” and “ The Future of the 
 Republic,” and his “Eulogy” on Major-General George 
 H. Thomas. As a public speaker, though not in every 
 sense an orator, he is powerful and convincing. While a 
 teacher at Hiram he occasionally filled the pulpit as a lay 
 member of his chosen church, the Disciples, and was always 
 a favorite with his hearers. This, no doubt, led to his 
 being known during the war, more or less, as the “ preacher- 
 soldier.” In society he is a general favorite, and very 
 popular with both parties in his district. When the Re- 
 publican party met at Waterloo in 1874, and when the suc- 
 cesses of the Democrats were a problem even to themselves, 
 he was one of the comparatively few Republicans re-elected 
 to Congress ; and it may be said that his private character 
 had much to do with this, for whatever criticism may be 
 passed upon his public life by political opponents, his social 
 position is spotless and unsullied. Many efforts have been 
 made to throw discredit upon his acts and motives in con- 
 nection with certain measures before Congress, and these 
 have been to some little extent successful, but only in a 
 party sense. Always enjoying the unbounded confidence 
 of the Republicans, he has succeeded in vindicating him- 
 self in the minds of all but the most blindly partisan of his 
 political opponents. He has met investigation and criti- 
 cism fairly and squarely at every point, and passed the 
 ordeal to the full satisfaction, at least, of his intelligent con- 
 stituents, the great majority of whom have supported him 
 as a politician, and not a few followed him to victory on 
 the field of battle. In 1872 Williams College conferred 
 upon him the honorary degree of LL. D., as a recognition 
 of his scholarly qualities. He was united in marriage in 
 1858 with Lucretia Rudolph, of Hiram, and the union has 
 been, in every respect, a happy one. 
 
 c) ^ CHLEICH, GENERAL NEWTON, Lawyer and 
 Soldier, was born, March 6th, 1828, in Fairfield 
 county, Ohio, and is a son of John D. and Mary 
 ,\cy° (Holderman) Schleich. His father was a native 
 of Frederick county, Maryland, a carpenter by 
 trade, and was also engaged in agricultural pur- 
 suits; his mother came from Chester county, Pennsylvania. 
 General Schleich was educated at the Greenfield Academy, 
 and after leaving school commenced the study of law with 
 Governor Medill, and was admitted to the bar in 1850. 
 He began the practice of his profession in connection with 
 his preceptor, and continued with him a year. He then 
 formed a legal copartnership with Hon. Charles G. Martin, 
 member of Congress, which terminated in 1864, since 
 which time he has practised alone. He was elected a 
 member of the Ohio Senate in 1858, on the Democratic 
 
I’.IOGRAPIIICAL ENCVCLOP.IDIA. 
 
 451 
 
 ticket, and re-elected in i860. He has been prominently 
 connected with the State militia for many years prior to 
 1S61, having filled every office and rank from Orderly Ser- 
 geant to Brigadier-General. On April 17th, 1861, he 
 responded to President Lincoln’s call, and commenced 
 organizing troops for service. At that date he was Briga- 
 dier-General of Militia; but on April 2gth, 1861, he was 
 commissioned Brigadier-General of Volunteers, and pro- 
 ceeded at once to the field. He participated in the battle 
 of Rich Mountain, in West Virginia, and was afterwards 
 transferred to the Army of Virginia, commanded, at various 
 times, by Major-Generals Fremont, Sigel, and Pope. He 
 was present at the battles of Cedar Mountain, Freeman’s 
 Ford, and Second Bull Run. He resigned from the ser- 
 vice early in 1863, and resumed the practice of his profes- 
 sion, which is a leading and lucrative one. He was married, 
 July 24th, 1851, to Margaret Hay, of Fairfield county— a 
 cousin of John Hay, the poet — and is the father of seven 
 children, one son and six daughters. 
 
 3 ^ TORER, HON. BELLAMY, LL.D., Lawyer, was 
 born at Portland, Maine, March 26th, 1796. He 
 prepared for college under the tutorship of Ed- 
 ward Payson, D. D., and Ebenezer Adams, late 
 Professor at Dartmouth College. He exhibited 
 rare natural ability for learning, and was able to 
 enter Bowdoin College at the age of thirteen, in August, 
 1809. But without graduating he entered upon the study 
 of the law under the direction of Chief- Justice Parker, in 
 Boston. He was there admitted to the bar in 1817, and 
 shortly afterwards removed to Cincinnati, was readmitted, 
 and at once commenced the practice in that city. In recog- 
 nition of his literary attainments, Bowdoin College, in 1821, 
 conferred on him the degree of Master of Arts. He soon 
 actpiired a high rank in his profession, as well as among 
 the active and public-spirited men of the city. He belonged 
 to the Whig party, which had long been in the minority in 
 his Congressional District. In 1834 he was selected as the 
 candidate of his party, made the race, under the most ex- 
 citing circumstances, against the friend of the administra- 
 tion, General Robert T. Lytle, and was elected by a large 
 majority to represent Cincinnati in Congress. His career 
 in Congress was noted for that same high integrity of pur- 
 pose which had marked his professional and private life. 
 His vigorous and graceful eloquence won for him a distin- 
 guished position among the public men of the time. His 
 effective support of General Harrison, who had long been 
 his warm personal friend, did much toward the election of 
 that gallant chief as President of the United States. After 
 the expiration of his Congressional term he vigorously re- 
 newed the practice of his profession in Cincinnati. He 
 continued active in all matters of public interest, and fre- 
 quently joined in political contests throughout the State. 
 
 In 1844 he was Presidential Elector on the Whig ticket, 
 and cast his vote for Clay. The new Constitution, which 
 for the first time required the election of judges by the 
 people, having taken effect in 1852, he was without his 
 knowledge put in nomination for the Supreme Bench by 
 the Whig party, and although defeated, led his ticket by 
 several thousand votes. In 1854 he was elected Judge of 
 the Superior Court of Cincinnati, holding the position until 
 1872 — a period of eighteen years — at which time he re- 
 signed. The act creating this court provided that the first 
 judges elected should cast lots for their respective terms — 
 three, four, and five years. O. M. Spencer and William Y. 
 Gohlson were the colleagues, but the short term of three 
 years fell to him. He was continually re-elected, and dur- 
 ing this long judicial career established a degree of profes- 
 sional and personal popularity rarely attained by a lawyer. 
 In 1855 he accepted a Professorship in the Cincinnati Law 
 College, which position he filled honorably for many years, 
 in addition to his other duties. In 1874 he was elected 
 Emeritus Professor in that institution. Bowdoin and Ken- 
 yon Colleges conferred on him the degree of I.L. D., and 
 for a time he was member of the Board of Trustees of Bow- 
 doin. On retiring from the Superior Bench he resumed 
 practice with his son, Bellamy Storer, Jr., who had been 
 admitted to the bar in 1869; but in two or three years he 
 retired from active work, and soon after, on June ist, 1875, 
 died. 
 
 RANE, CHARLES A., was born, January nth, 
 1817, in Boardman township, Mahoning county, 
 Ohio. He worked on his father’s farm and at- 
 tended the district school until he was thirteen 
 years of age, when the family removed to Port 
 Laurence, then a new town on the Maumee, and 
 now' grown into the city of Toledo. When Charles was 
 fifteen years of age he fancied a sailor’s life, and accord- 
 ingly went on the lakes for two years. In 1834 he entered 
 a store in Toledo, remaining in that situation tw'o years, at 
 the end of which time he entered the warehouse of a 
 transportation company and stayed there until 1839. In 
 this year he joined the late l.yman Wheeler, and formed 
 the firm of Wheeler & Crane, rectifiers and grocers, on 
 Monroe street, Toledo. At the end of two years he sold 
 his interest to Mr. W’heeler, and did business on his own 
 account on the jiier. He was again in the transportation 
 business for two years, until 1845, when he acceirted a 
 position in the banking house of Prentice, Due & Co. for 
 two years. He was in the office of Thomas Watkins & Co., 
 on the dock, from 1847 to 1853, when he moved on a farm 
 on the East .Side. For the next ten years he cultivated his 
 farm and dealt in real estate. He now resides in East 
 Toledo, and still operates in real estate. For fifteen years 
 Mr. Crane has been a Managing Director of the Lucas 
 County Infirmary. He was originally a Democrat, but 
 
452 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 since the outbreak of the war has been a Republican. In 
 June of 1S40 he was married to Lorain Eassett, daughter 
 of Dr. Fassett, of Toledo. IIis first wife dying in 1842, he 
 contracted a second marriage, in 1S47, with Mary A. Hill, 
 daughter of Ellis Hill, of Jefferson county. New York. No 
 children have been born to him. 
 
 IFFIN, EDWARD, first Governor of Ohio, was 
 born in Carlisle, England, June 19th, 1766. His 
 parents were in moderate circumstances, and his 
 uncle, Edward Parker, assumed the responsibility 
 and e.xpense of his education. Under the direc- 
 tion of this uncle Edward Tiffin was fitted for the 
 study of medicine, upon which he entered at an early age. 
 Before he had finished his medical course, however, and 
 when he was only eighteen years of age, he came to Amer- 
 ica with his parents, landing in New York. He at once 
 proceeded to Philadelphia, where he finished his course of 
 medical lectures in the University of Pennsylvania. Having 
 graduated, he rejoined his father’s family, who had settled 
 in Charlestown, Berkeley county, Virginia, and there he 
 commenced the practice of his profession when he was only 
 twenty years old. He had been thoroughly trained for his 
 calling, and he speedily became a very successful practi- 
 tioner, with a fine reputation and a large and lucrative 
 practice. His social graces appear to have been equal to 
 his professional attainments, and he became the favorite in 
 the gay and fashionable circles of Berkeley. He married, 
 in 1789, Mary, daughter of Robert Worthington and sister 
 of Governor Worthington, a woman of high intelligence 
 and fine culture, with whom he lived happily for nearly 
 twenty years. In 1796 he removed to Ohio with his family, 
 and in company with Messrs. Lucas, Worthington, and 
 others, settled at Chillicothe, then but recently laid out by 
 General Massie. The whole surrounding country was a 
 vast forest, but the settlements, though few and far between, 
 were rapidly increasing. The doctor selected a four-acre 
 lot at the upper end of the settlement, and thereon built the 
 first house in that region that was covered by a shingle 
 roof. He continued his professional practice and rapidly 
 found abundant patronage. As a physician and surgeon he 
 stood in the front rank of the men of his time. Absorbed 
 as he was in his professional duties, however, he still found 
 time to give keen and broad attention to affairs at large. 
 The people recognized his abilities and elected him to the 
 Territorial Legislature, and so his political life began. The 
 Legislature met in Cincinnati on September l8th, 1799, 
 when Cincinnati was but a straggling collection of frame 
 houses and log cabins, lying under the protection of Fort 
 Washington. Dr. Tiffin was unanimously elected Speaker 
 of the House, a position which he retained to the end of 
 the Territorial government. He frequently took part in 
 the debates, and is described as an eloquent and impassioned 
 
 debater. In the autumn of 1S02 he was elected one of the 
 Delegates from Ross county to a Convention to form a 
 State Constitution. The Convention met iii Chillicothe in 
 the November lol'owing, and he was chosen its President. 
 His eminent qualities in this position so impressed the 
 members of the Convention that at the conclusion of its 
 labors they brought him forward as candidate for Governor 
 of the new State. He was elected to that office in January, 
 1803, without opposition, receiving 4565 votes. In October, 
 1805, he was unanimously re-elected Governor, receiving 
 4783 votes. At the expiration of his second term he was 
 urgently called upon to accept the office for a third term, 
 but he persistently declined. The most notable event of his 
 career as Governor was the arrest of the Burr-Blennerhassett 
 e.xpedition, in 1806. In the latter part of that year Burr 
 collected numerous boats and quantities of stores in the 
 neighborhood of Blennerhassett’s Island, below Marietta. 
 Governor Tiffin learning that the expedition was ready to 
 sail, despatched a courier to the commandant at Marietta, 
 directing him to occupy a position below the island, where, 
 with a field battery, he could command the channel. Burr, 
 seeing that his plans were discovered and that he could not 
 run the blockade, abandoned the expedition and fled. For 
 his prompt and effective action on this occasion Governor 
 Tiffin was warmly praised by the p’^ess of the Eastern 
 States, and President Jefferson, in his letter to the Ohio 
 Legislature, I'ebruary 2d, 1807, highly commends the 
 Governor for his promptness and energy in destroying the 
 expedition. When his term of office as Governor expired, 
 in 1807, he was elected United States Senator, and took 
 his seat in December, John Adams presenting liis creden- 
 tials. While in the Senate he procured the passage of 
 many acts of great impoitance to Ohio. His wife died in 
 1808, and he was so overwhelmed by his liereavement he 
 determined to abandon jmblic life, and therefore, at the 
 close of the session, in March, 1S09, he resigned his posi- 
 tion. Returning home he settled on his farm and devoted 
 himself to agriculture, resuming, also, his medical practice. 
 He was not allowed to remain long out of public life, and 
 at the fall election he was chosen to the Legislature, and 
 was unanimously elected .Speaker of the House, a position 
 which he continued to hold for several successive sessions. 
 In the meantime he married again, uniting himself to Mary 
 Porter, from Delaware, a woman of exceeding personal 
 beauty, pleasing manners, and the most exemplary piety. 
 During the first term of President Madison's administration 
 Congress passed the act creating the office of Commissioner 
 of the General Land Office, and to this newly-created posi- 
 tion Mr. Madison appointed Governor Tiffin. He accepted 
 the position and administered its duties with the highest 
 ability. His desire to be at his home in Ohio induced 
 President Madison eventually to consent to his transfer from 
 the office of General Land Commissioner to that of Sur- 
 veyor-General of the West, with the privilege of locating 
 his office at Chillicothe. This position he continued to 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL E NC \' C LO PA'I D I A . 
 
 453 
 
 hold through successive administrations for nearly fifteen 
 years, and until within a few weeks of his death. Indeed, 
 he was on his death-bed when he made over his office to 
 his successor. He was reared in the Church of England, 
 but in 1790 he and his wife united with the Methodist 
 Church. He was consecrated a lay preacher in that 
 church, and he continued, on occasion, to perform the 
 functions of that office. He retired from the practice of his 
 profession as physician in 1812, but subsequently gave fre- 
 quent gratuitous advice to the poor and to many of his old 
 patients who insisted on consulting him. His own health 
 began to fail in 1820, and from that time he suffered from 
 a most painful disease until the time of his death, which 
 occurred on Sunday evening, August 9th, 1829. His wife 
 followed him in 1832. They left four daughters and one 
 son. Three of the daughters still live. 
 
 i 
 
 ATTIER, JOHN CORING, M. D., was born in 
 Cincinnati, Ohio, October 31st, 1808, of French 
 and English ancestry, his parents being amongst 
 the earliest pioneers of the Miami valley. He 
 received his early education in Cincinnati in the 
 best schools of that day, and was also instructed 
 by the most competent private preceptors to be had at that 
 early period. After leaving school he entered the service 
 of an apothecary, with the view of eventually becoming a 
 physician; commencing the study of medicine in 1827, 
 under the tutorship of Professors Whitman and Cobb, of the 
 Medical College of Ohio. He graduated at that institution 
 in 1830, and in April of that year commenced practising 
 medicine in Indiana; but within twelve months returned to 
 Cincinnati and embarked in the drug business, in which he 
 continued until 1836, when he resumed the practice of his 
 profession, which he has faithfully prosecuted to the present 
 time, except during seven years in which he held a position 
 under the government. He was elected to the State Senate 
 in 1851, serving in that body until 1853, when he was ap- 
 pointed by President Pierce Postmaster at Cincinnati, 
 which position he held under Pierce and his successor until 
 May, 1858, when he w.as superseded, but was reappointed 
 in October, 1859, by President Buchanan; holding the 
 p.isition until Mr. Lincoln became President, when he was 
 removed. He was elected to the State Board of Equaliza- ’ 
 tion in 1859, but resigned the position to accept that of 
 Postmaster tendered him by President Buchanan. He was 
 the first to move in the enterprise of establishing street 
 railroads in Cincinnati, having organized a company as ' 
 early as 1853; but they failed to receive the needfid fran- 
 chises from the city. In 1858 he again organized a com- 
 pany, and after spending much time and money, finally 
 secured a grant which was loaded with such damaging 
 restrictions as to make the enterprise a failure. Dr. Vattier 
 
 is a gentleman of stately appearance, a fine practitioner, a 
 man of large heart and liberal views, and is greatly es- 
 teemed by the community in which he resides. 
 
 ANGDON, OLIVER MONROE, M. D., wa.s 
 born, February 2d, 1S17, near Columbia, one of 
 the suburbs of Cincinnati. Oliver Langdon, his 
 father, was a physician and a clergyman in the 
 Methodist Church. About 1800 he emigrated to 
 Hamilton county and bought a section of land 
 embracing Mount Lookout, and extending beyond the city 
 limits. Oliver Langdon was one of the most esteemed and 
 valued of the early settlers of the county. Dr. Langdon’s 
 mother was a daughter of Colonel William Brown, a soldier 
 of the Revolution, and with her parents settled near Cincin- 
 nati as early as 1789. The first twelve years of Dr. Lang- 
 don’s life were passed in school and at home with his 
 parents. At that age, his parents both being dead, he came 
 to Cincinnati and made his home with his cousin. Here, 
 from choice, he worked to support himself, at the same time 
 attending one of the best schools of the city, there being 
 then no public schools or educational institutions in Cincin- 
 nati. In 1831 he entered the now famous Woodward High 
 School, and remained until in 1832, when, the cholera 
 making its appearance, he went to the old homestead and 
 remained until the scourge had subsided. He then re- 
 turned to Cincinnati and entered the Athenaeum, now St. 
 Xavier’s College, at the same time working as before to pay 
 his way. After finishing a course of two years’ study in the 
 Athenaeum, he commenced the study of medicine in the 
 office of Professor Cobb, of the Medical College of Ohio. 
 In due time he entered that college and graduated in 1838, 
 at the age of twenty-one. Immediately after graduating, in 
 the spring of 1838, he went to Madison, Indiana, then 
 thought to be the prospective great city, it having the first 
 railroad in the West. He remained in association with one 
 of the first physicians of the place until 1842, when he re- 
 turned to Cincinnati and opened his office. Soon after- 
 wards he was appointed Physician for one of the four dis- 
 tricts or townships into which the city was then divided. 
 This position he held until the commencement of the war 
 with Mexico. He was then appointed Surgeon in the 4th 
 Ohio Regiment, under Colonel Brough. He followed the 
 fortunes of his regiment, and returned home with it at the 
 close of the war, in 1848. He was present at the memor- 
 able trial of General Scott in the City of Mexico. After 
 returning home he formed a partnership with Dr. Jesse 
 Judkins and renewed his private practice. This connection 
 continued unbroken until 1859. Soon after his return from 
 Mexico he was appointed Physician to the House of Refuge, 
 and afterwards Physician to the lunatic asylum at Lick 
 Run. Both of these positions he held until 1856. In 1859 
 Dr. Langdon was appointed Superintendent and Physician 
 
4 S 4 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 of Longview A'jyhim, the new institution for the insane 
 juit completed. 11c then, ol course, removed to the asylum, 
 le.iving oif ad private practice. This important tnust he 
 h;id u.itil 1S70, when he resigned on account of long con- 
 fi.iement and failing health. About this lime, during a 
 trip made to California, he was made honorary member of 
 the California State Medical Society. He has since almost 
 retired from business, being one of the most wealthy physi- 
 cians of Cincinnati. Dr. Langdon was one of the origin- 
 ators of the Miami Medical College, and one of the instiga- 
 tors of the humane movement which took the lunatics from 
 the Old Commercial Hospital to Lick Run, and finally re- 
 sulted in the building of Longview. He was the first 
 Superintendent of Longview, and to him is due the credit 
 of organizing and putting that institution in the condition it 
 now occupies as one of the first asylums for the insane in 
 America. He organized and put in operation the first 
 American asylum for the colored insane. This was estab- 
 lished in 1S66, and made a separate department at Long- 
 view. All the colored insane of Ohio are now sent into 
 this institution. Before this they were accommodated in the 
 ]irisons over the Slate. As the trustees of Longview could 
 not buy and own this negro institution, it was purchased in 
 the name of Dr. Langdon, and is still held in trust for the 
 county by him. The Legislature passed an act enabling 
 the trustees of the asylum to relieve Dr. Langdon of his 
 trust; but for some cause this has not been done. He has 
 been one of the movers and active workers in nearly all the 
 medical reforms of his time. His conduct of Longview 
 was eminently successful and of invaluable service to the 
 State and country. This position threw him more into rela- 
 tions with the philanthropic and best men of the age, and 
 their testimonials from Europe and our own country show 
 the value they put on the work he himself was doing. 
 This institution was originally styled “The Southwestern 
 Lunatic Asylum;” but in 1S61, in a bill passed by the 
 I.egislature for the government of the asylum, drawn up by 
 Dr. Langdon, this name was changed to Longview. Dr. 
 Langdon has been one of the Trustees of the Miami Medi- 
 cal College since its foundation. He is a member of the 
 American Medical Association, of the Ohio State Medical 
 Society, of the Cincinnati Medical Society, of the Cincin- 
 nati Medical and Chirurgical Society, and of the American 
 Medical and Psychological Associ.ations. 
 
 Lorain 
 
 BRIEN, REV. PATRICK, was born in Pilltown, 
 county Wexford, Ireland, February 14th, 1S45. 
 His parents belonged to the peasant class. He 
 emigrated with his family to this country at the 
 age of thirteen. They landed in Quebec, June 
 2d, 1857, and immediately proceeded to Elyria, 
 county, Ohio. He attended school at the latter 
 
 place for three years, and on completing his sixteenth year 
 was apprenticed to a tailor. At the age of twenty-one he 
 entered the preparatory seminary at Louisville, Stark 
 county, Ohio, where he remained for a period of four years. 
 During his collegiate course he worked at the tailoring 
 business part of the time for the purpose of raising kinds to 
 pay his expenses. In 1869 he w'as admitted into the Cath- 
 olic Theological Seminary, at Cleveland, Ohio, and was 
 ordained to the Catholic priesthood by Right Rev. Richard 
 Gilmour, July 2lst, 1872. Since his ordination he has offi- 
 ciated in the Diocese of Cleveland, fir.st at Youngstown, 
 ■Mahoning county, where he remained one year, and then 
 at Rockport, Cuyahoga county, where he spent two years. 
 Now (March, 1876) he is Pastor of the Church of the 
 Good Shepherd, Toledo, Ohio. Since his arrival in Toledo, 
 which was in August, 1875, made many friends, and 
 
 as a preacher and orator he is very popular among all classes 
 of its citizens. Though a young man, he is placed by com- 
 petent critics in the front ranks of pulpit orators and lyceuni 
 lecturers. He is fairly idolized in Toledo by the people 
 belonging to his own denomination, and especially by the 
 Irish Catholics. He has never taken an active part in pol- 
 itics, but he was an abolitionist before the emancipation of 
 the slaves. The first vote he ever cast, after declaring his 
 allegiance to the United States government, was for an 
 abolition candidate, nominated, of course, by the Repub- 
 lican party. He voted with the latter party during the war 
 because he honestly believed its policy towr.rds the South 
 was the best and most practicable for the preservation of 
 the Union. Born in a land that was subject to the grinding 
 laws of England, and imbibing in his very childhood a 
 hatred of oppression and oppressors, he naturally sympa- 
 thized with the poor oppressed negro slaves of the United 
 States, hence his union with the Republican party. Since 
 his ordination he has not voted ; but he possesses the right, 
 as a naturalized citizen, to vote whenever and for whomso- 
 ever he pleases. Though born in Ireland, and loving the 
 land of his nativity, he is nevertheless proud of his Ameri- 
 can citizenship, and is grateful to the noble land that gave 
 him and his downtrodden countrymen an asylum, and not 
 only that, but conferred on them the grand title of American 
 citizenship, a title which he considers superior to that of 
 lord or duke. He is ardently devoted to the duties of his 
 profession, and looks upon his church as the grandest insti- 
 tution in the world; and in the course of a lecture delivered 
 in Toledo, February 6th, 1876, on the “American Centen- 
 nial,” before a crowded house of Protestants and Catholics, 
 including the mayor and a number of the most prominent 
 men of the city, in referring to the Catholic Church in the 
 United States, he rose to one of the grandest flights of elo- 
 quence it was ever the pleasure of the writer to listen to, 
 recalling to the minds of his hearers the historic orators of 
 olden time. The foregoing sketch may not be as minute in 
 its details as the admirers of the subject would desire; but 
 as the gentleman would only give the bare facts of his his- 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 455 
 
 tory, the work had to be completed by a friend, who, 
 (hough dilTering with him in religious matters, admires 
 him as a patriotic and eloquent clergyman. 
 
 EET, DANIEL W., Lawyer and Politician, was 
 born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, on 
 September 8lh, 1835. His parents were natives 
 of that State, his father being a farmer and a man 
 of prominence therein. He is a cousin of Jona- 
 than Leet and of Hon. Isaac Leet, a member of 
 the Twenty-fourth Congress, and is a descendant on his 
 mother’s side of Robert Fullerton, who fought in the war 
 of 1S12, as did also his grand-uncle, Daniel Leet, who 
 served as a major in that war. Daniel W. first attended 
 the country school, in the summer season assisting on the 
 farm, until he reached the age of sixteen, when he started 
 to Buffalo Academy, at Buffalo, near Washington, Pennsyl- 
 vania. He remained here for two years, and then attended 
 Washington College, where, at the expiration of three years, 
 he graduated in 1856. From colleg; he returned to the 
 farm, and for the next four years was engaged in farming, 
 raising and dealing in sheep and cattle. In i860 he re- 
 moved to Wellsburg, West Virginia, and commenced the 
 study of law with O. W. Langfitt, and after three years’ 
 diligent application, was admitted to the bar in September, 
 1863. In the campaign of 1863 he took an active part, 
 doing much service to the party by his eloquence. During 
 the spring of 1864 he removed to Barnesville, Ohio, where 
 he engaged in the practice of law with success until the fall 
 of 1865, when he was taken sick and was unfitted for busi- 
 ness for one year. In the spring of 1867 he moved to New 
 Martinsville, West Virginia, and formed a partnership with 
 Hon. L. S. Hall, which lasted until the early portion of 
 1868, when he removed to Washington county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and remained until the latter portion of 1869, when 
 he came to Bellaire, where he has since resided. Shortly 
 after his removal to Bellaire he commenced the publication 
 of the Bellaire Standard, in connection with J. R. Nuzum, 
 which he conducted very successfully, both from a mone- 
 tary point of view and as to ability, until the spring of 1872, 
 when he sold out. About that time he invented and 
 patented a slate washer, but as yet has not put it upon the 
 market. After selling out his paper he was engaged in 
 codifying and arranging the laws of the city, which occu- 
 pied him till the spring of 1873, since which time he has 
 been connected with the Wheeling Register. In 1862 he 
 was elected to the Legislature of West Virginia, but was 
 ineligible owing to not having resided in the State for a 
 year. In 1874 he was appointed Gas Inspector of Belmont 
 county. On August 6th, 1864, he was married to Jennie 
 E., daughter of James Nuzum, a large tobacco dealer of 
 Barnesville, Ohio. Mr. Leet is the most ])rominent Demo- 
 cratic politician of Bellaire, is a fluent and able speaker. 
 
 eloquent in his speeches, and seems to hold his audience 
 at his pleasure. By his eloquence he has given great aid 
 to his party, not only in Ohio, but especially in the cam- 
 paign prior to the formation of West Virginia, when lie 
 traversed that section of the then old Virginia, working 
 against the separation. He has the credit of being one of 
 the best party organizers in the State of Ohio. Personally 
 he is a pleasant, sociable gentleman, and one eminently 
 calculated to make friends. 
 
 APE, EDWARD W., Manufacturer, was born in 
 1829, in the Principality of Lippe-Detmold, Ger- 
 many. He went to school until he was fourteen 
 years of age, in accordance with the legal require- 
 ments of the fatherland, and was afterwards 
 apprenticed to a dry-goods merchant. He was 
 early imbued with the idea of making his home and fortune 
 in the New World, and in 1850 emigrated to the United 
 States, landing in New York city. lie there entered one 
 of the olde.st established gilt-moulding factories in the 
 country for the purpose of learning the trade. He remained 
 in the establishment five years, during which time he 
 gained a thorough knowledge of the business in all its de- 
 tails. Being joined by his brother Theodore, they went to 
 Cincinnati in 1S55, and commenced what was truly the 
 first establishment for the exclusive manufacture of gilt 
 mouldings west of the Allegheny mountains. It should be 
 observed that mouldings of every description then used 
 were imported, and of course the new enterprise met with 
 decided opposition from those who had hitherto controlled 
 the trade. The growth of their business was necessarily 
 slow, but nevertheless it gradually increased. They soon 
 enlarged their line of products by manufacturing walnut, 
 veneered, and all descriptions of domestic wood mouldings. 
 Being without machinery during the first years of their 
 adventure, they were obliged to have their material cut in 
 the rough — from patterns made in their own shop — by 
 establishments which were engaged in an entirely different 
 line of business. This difficulty was obviated in 1863 by 
 their having introduced into their own factory the necessary 
 machinery, operated by steam power. As the demand for 
 their products increased they correspondingly augmented 
 their business facilities, and they have recently erected and 
 finished their extensive factory building on West Canal 
 street, which is one of the largest of its kind in the Union. 
 The material used in their works was formerly obtained in 
 the city yards; but they now procure the rough lumber 
 from the mills of Lake Siqierior and other northern ])oinls, 
 and from this stock every variety of mouldings used in 
 buildings is now manufactured by the brothers. These 
 mouldings include the cornice, wall, window, and house 
 ornamentations of gilt and fine woods so extensively em- 
 ployed at the present day. They also arc engaged in the 
 
456 
 
 EIOGKAFIIICAL EXCYCLO^.^:DIA. 
 
 manufacture of frames for pictures, glasses, etc. Thus from 
 the humble beginning, with a capital of a few hundred dol- 
 lars, the business of the house has increased to avast extent, 
 and their goods are shipped to all points of the East and 
 West, literally from Maine to California, and the establish- 
 ment is one of the most prosperous in the country. Since 
 the inauguration of this industry, Edward W. Pape has 
 made four visits to Germany, revisiting his home and kin- 
 dred ; on one of these occasions he was shipwrecked in the 
 English Channel. He has taken but little interest in politi- 
 cal matters, or any of the excitements of public life. He is 
 a member of the Board of Trade of Cincinnati. He is now 
 in the prime of life, with an enviable business reputation. 
 He has many friends and no enemies, and ranks as one of 
 the wealthy manufacturers of the West. He was married, 
 1865, in Germany, to .Sophia Keysser. 
 
 I EAVITT, REV. .SAMUEL K., son of Thomas C. 
 Leavitt, was born in Levant, Maine, June 23d, 
 1830. His early life was spent on a farm in hard 
 laljor, with no educational advantages except 
 those of the district school a few weeks each 
 year, until he was fourteen ye.ars of age; after 
 which time, for several years, there was added a part of the 
 spring and fall terms at the East Corinth Academy, five 
 miles distant. There all the children of the family, four in 
 number, would rent rooms and keep house by themselves, 
 to save expense during the few weeks they could be spared 
 from the farm. With these limited advantages he made 
 good proficiency in the natural sciences, the higher mathe- 
 matics, and the classics, so that he commenced teaching 
 school at sixteen years of .age, and followed this employ- 
 ment every winter thereafter during his minority, working 
 on the farm in the summer. At home he spent all his 
 spare hours in hard study, often working till late in the 
 night, and sometimes going a few miles twice each week to 
 recite. Having a little money, saved from teaching and 
 other kinds of labor occasionally performed, he entered 
 Colby University in 1851, where he graduated in 1855, 
 having completed the regular college course of study. 
 Employing his winter vacations, and occasionally a college 
 term, in teaching at a good salary, and practising rigid econ- 
 omy, he managed to support himself, and nearly meet the 
 expenses of his education, leaving only a small debt to pay 
 afterwards. During the first year of college life he was 
 converted, and became deeply interested in the study of 
 the Bible. After a long and hard struggle to find the truth, 
 with strong prejudices to overcome, his mind settled upon 
 the views and practices of the Baptist denomination, and in 
 the early part of 1855 he was baptized in the Connecticnl 
 river, and united with the Second Baptist Church in 
 Plolyoke, Massachusetts, where he was then teaching. 
 Leaving college, he commenced studying law with the 
 
 Hon. Josiah H. Drummond, at Waterville, Maine, but 
 after a few months left the law office to teach the Tifgh 
 school at Hallowell. In the summer of 1857 he went to 
 Evansville, Indiana, where for several years he taught and 
 studied law at the same time, in the office of H. Q. Wheeler. 
 There he was admitted to the bar, and commenced the 
 practice of law under very favorable circumstances, holding 
 at the same time an important office in connection with the 
 public schools, and soon after forming a law partnership 
 with S. R. Hornbrook. In 1S62 they assisted in recruiting 
 the 65th Regiment Indiana Infantry Volunteers, in which 
 they both received commissions as officers, and served to 
 the end of the war. During this service Mr. Leavitt was 
 several times appointed Judge Advocate, to conduct impor- 
 tant trials at courts-martial, and was detached as P( st- 
 (Juartermaster and Commissary at Smithland, Kentucky, 
 and afterwards as Division Commissary in the cavalry com- 
 mand under General Israel Garrard. In the Georgia and 
 North Carolina campaigns, under General Sherman, he 
 commanded his company, and was mustered out of service 
 with the regiment as Captain in July, 1865. Returning to 
 Evansville, he resumed the practice of law, holding also for 
 a while the office of City Treasurer, to which he was twice 
 elected ; and the law partnership between him and S. R. 
 Hornbrook was .afterwards renewed. In the spring of 1870, 
 feeling called to the ministry, he closed up his law business, 
 sold his possessions, and was ordained to preach by the 
 First Baptist Church in Evansville, where he had long been 
 a member, and for several years an ordained deacon. He 
 was immediately called to the charge of the First Baptist 
 Church in Keokuk, Iowa, where he enjoyed a pleasant and 
 successful p.astorate, till December, 1872, when he became 
 pastor of the First Baptist Church in Cincinnati, where he 
 has since labored. He has been twice married : in August, 
 1859, to Mary E. Armstrong, of Niagara Falls, New A'ork, 
 who died in a month afterwards, and in .September, 1866, 
 to Abbie A. P'lsher, of Bangor, Maine, who is still living. 
 
 r,/.>if!liOWEN,WILLIAM MEADE, member of the Legis- 
 lature, was born in Logan, Ohio, April 13th, 1830. 
 His father was a mechanic, from Maryland ; his 
 mother a Virginian and a descendant of Sir 
 Thomas Drake. William Meade attended the 
 district school at Logan until he was sixteen years 
 of age, when he entered a dry-goods store as clerk, remain- 
 ing there for five years. He pursued this vocation until 
 1854, when he graduated from the Commercial College at 
 Columbus, where he took charge of the Five-Mile Furnace. 
 There he remained until the furnace suspended operations, 
 in the financial crash of 1857. For the next year he con- 
 ducted a drug store in Logan, closing out that business to 
 accept the position of Cashier of the Citizens’ Bank. He 
 remained in the bank until July of 1861, when he recruited 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 457 
 
 Company B, 31 si Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and 
 was elected Captain. In 1862 he was obliged to resign his 
 commission, on account of failing health. He next went to 
 the oil regions of Pennsylvania, where he operated with 
 success. He was Cashier of the Venango Bank of P'ranklin, 
 Pennsylvania, until the fall of 1864, after which he held a 
 like position in the First National Bank of Corry, Pennsyl- 
 vania, until the summer of 1865. He then bought a con- 
 trolling interest in the First National Bank of Logan, Ohio, 
 of which he was President until 1867, when he turned his 
 whole attention to a hardware store which he had opened a 
 short time previous. This he conducted until 1S72, when 
 he engaged in agriculture on a large farm which he owned, 
 near Logan, and which he .sold in December, 1874- Iti 
 1874 he was elected to fill a vacancy in the Ohio House of 
 Representatives, caused by the death of Mr. Case, being re- 
 elected in 1875. In that year Mr. Boweti organized a stock 
 company, under the name of the Logan Fire-Brick and 
 Hollow-Ware Manufacturing Company, of which he is 
 President. He is a public-spirited man, of varied practical 
 experience and safe busitiess habits. He is extensively 
 engaged in building operations. He was one of the original 
 projectors of Venango City, now part of Oil City, Pennsyl- 
 vania. December 25th, 1851, Mr. Bowen married E. Crook, 
 of Logan, Ohio. 
 
 JUTT, SPENCE ATWELL, M. D., was born, Sep- 
 tember 19th, 1824, in Ross county, Ohio. He 
 was one of seven children of Nimrod Hutt and 
 Fanny B. Atwell. Ills father was a Virginian 
 who followed mercantile pursuits for the greater 
 part of life, and in his latter days was proprietor 
 of a hotel in Bainbridge, Ross county, Ohio. About 1805 
 the senior Hull left his Virginia home, and settled in Circle- 
 ville, Ohio. From there he moved to Chillicothe, and 
 thence to Bainbridge, where he died in 1849. S. Hutt’s 
 mother died June 3d, 1875, at Hillsborough, Highland 
 county, Ohio. He worked as a farmer’s boy, and while so 
 employed, thought of a trade, and accordingly went to work 
 at blacksmithing, in Bainbridge, Ross county, where he 
 worked at the forge for about two years and a half. From 
 here he went to New Petersburg, Highland county, where 
 he was engaged as a clerk until about 1845, when he took 
 a position in a Chillicothe store. Returning to New Peters- 
 burg, he was again employed as clerk in a store. He now 
 began to read medicine with Dr. James D. Miller, devoting 
 his days to business and his nights to study. In the fall of 
 1848 he matriculated at the .Starling Medical College, at 
 Columbus, Ohio, and in the spring of 1849 he began the 
 practice of medicine at Sharonville, Pike county, Ohio. In 
 the following fall he took up his residence in Waverly, in 
 the same county, where he has since lived in the enjoyment 
 of the fruits of industry applied to the practice of his pro- 
 fession. Although a Democrat of pronounced views his 
 
 modest and retiring nature has kept him out of political 
 strife. He is a genial, companionable, energetic, and irre- 
 proachable character. On the I3lh of July, 1852, he mar- 
 ried Kezia Hinson, of Waverly, Pike county, Ohio. 
 
 AILEV, EZR.\, Retired Lumber-Merchant and 
 Builder, was born, August l8th, 1S02, in Chester 
 county, Pennsylvania, and is a son of Emmor 
 Bailey, a member of the Society of Friends, and 
 of English descent, his mother being of Welsh 
 ancestry. His father was originally a clock and 
 watch maker, but afterwards became a farmer in Maryland, 
 having removed thither in 1808, and settled near Baltimore. 
 Ezra attended first a country school, and afterwards one in 
 the city. In 1814 his parents removed to Ohio, and settled 
 near Mount Pleasant, in Jefferson county. He soon com- 
 menced learning the carirenter’s trade, and also mill-wright- 
 ing, attending school during the winter months. About 
 the year 1820 he left his father's residence and proceeded 
 to Baltimore with a view of perfecting himself in the avoca- 
 tion he had chosen. He contented himself with receiving 
 low wages for the work he performed, for while so occupierl 
 he was a learner, and attended a school where architecture 
 was taught. He remained at Baltimore altogether about 
 three years, and believing himself a proficient in his calling, 
 returned to his father’s house, first making a trip to Old 
 Point Comfort, \’irginia. He remained at home about a 
 year looking after his father’s interests. In the spring of 
 1828 he commenced the builder’s business at Steubenville, 
 Ohio, being a master builder, and remained there three 
 years, steadily pursuing his calling. Early in 1831 here- 
 moved to Cincinnati, where he rented a house and sho]> 
 and resumed his business with a view to permanency and a 
 successful career. At that time cornfields were cultivated 
 where lordly mansions now rear their lofty walls, or more 
 unpretentious homes give shelter to a motley crew. This 
 was prior to the railroad era, and the Miami canal was the 
 only great internal highway. At that date architecture was 
 in a most ]uimitive and incipient condition. He soon made 
 the acquaintance of the late Nicholas Longworlh, the great 
 real-estate monarch, who was generous to a fault, and useful 
 beyond estimate in the early history of Cincinnati. He 
 [ purchased from him a lot on Smith street, to be paid for in 
 I ten regular annual payments. He also was furnished with 
 I lumber by Mr. Longworth, or with the necessary security to 
 obtain it, as he was anxious to possess a home of his own. 
 He was enabled to discharge his debt in seven years time, 
 1 paying no money whatever, but giving the equivalent in 
 I work and designs. He resided in that house, so erected, 
 for thirty years, up to the outbreak of the rebellion in 1861, 
 j when he disposed of the same and purchased the property 
 i where he now resides. In 1842, owing partly to failing 
 ! health, he engaged in the lumber and saw mill business in 
 
458 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL EAX’VCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 copartnership with Janies Langstaff, the mill then occupying 
 the site of the present depot of the Ohio & Mississippi 
 Railroad. Tliis partnership terminated in 1854, when he 
 removed his business to the foot of Main street in Coving- 
 ton, Kentucky, but the enterprise did not equal his expecta- 
 tions, and owing to unforeseen circumstances did not prosper. 
 He soon after returned to the Ohio side of the river, where 
 he resumed the lumber and saw mill business, and continued 
 the .same prosperously until about 1871, when he in a great 
 measure retired from business. He has always been most 
 successful In all operations, and was constantly accumulating. 
 Having realized a handsome competence, he retired from 
 active pursuits. He was a member of the City Councils in 
 1836, and was opposed to the license system. One of his 
 colleagues was the late Chief- Justice Chase, who finally 
 voted with him on this subject, he at the first being the sole 
 opponent of the traffic. He was for many years a member 
 of the old volunteer fire department of the city. In religious 
 belief he follows in the footsteps of his parents, never fail- 
 ing to be found in the meeting-house on the first day of the 
 week, or at the week-day gatherings. He was married, 
 December 27th, 1827, to Eliz.abeth Rye, of Columbiana 
 county, Ohio. 
 
 USHNELL, REV. EBENEZER, D. D., was born 
 in Granville, Licking county, Ohio, November 
 i8th, 1822. He is the son of Thomas H. and 
 Charlotte S. Bushnell, natives of Norwichtown, 
 Connecticut, who emigrated to Ohio in 1816, 
 making the trip through Pennsylvania in wagons, 
 in company with a party of friends, being seven weeks on 
 the road. The paternal grandfather of our subject graduated 
 from Yale in the class of 1777, with Noah Webster. Rich- 
 ard and Mary Bushnell, married October iith, 1648, at 
 Saybrook, Connecticut, were ancestors on the paternal side. 
 When the subject of this sketch was fifteen years old, his 
 father died, leaving him on his own resources. He had 
 laid the foundation of a good education, but he desired a 
 collegiate course. He went to learn carpentering, at which 
 trade he remained two years and nine months, until, to use 
 his own homely but happy expression, he had “planed 
 and sawed his way through college.” He graduated at the 
 Western Reserve College in 1S46, receiving his second 
 degree in 1849. After graduating he taught Greek for two 
 years in the preparatory department at Hudson. The next 
 year he had charge of this department, and the following 
 year he taught mathematics in the college. He then went 
 to Burton, Geauga county, Ohio, where he supplied the 
 pulpit of the Presbyterian Church for one year. In June, 
 1851, he was ordained and installed as pastor of this church. 
 He remained at Burton until April ist, 1857, when he 
 assumed pastoral charge of the Presbyterian Church at 
 Fremont, Ohio, remaining there till now, firmly fixed in the 
 affections of his flock. In 1871 the degree of Doctor of 
 
 Divinity was conferred upon him by Marietta College. 
 From i860 to 1863 Dr. Bushnell was Superintendent of 
 Public Schools in Fremont. In 1865 he joined the armv, 
 at Petersburg, Virginia, in the interests of the Christian 
 Commission. He has been a Trustee of the Western Re- 
 serve College since 1861. At Hudson, in April, 1850, he 
 married Julia E. Baldwin, who died in September, 1856. 
 In April, 1858, he married Cornelia K. Woodruff, in San- 
 dusky. 
 
 ' '*^ILL, PHILIP W., M. D., Physican and Druggist, 
 was born, February 27th, 1824, in Warren county, 
 Ohio, and is the fifth of ten children, whose 
 ])arents were James and Amelia (Harris) Hill. 
 His father was a native of North Carolina, and 
 through life was engaged in agricultural pursuits. 
 In 1804 he removed to Ohio and settled in Hamilton town- 
 ship, Warren county, where he opened a farm and resided 
 on it until his death, which occurred in July, 1863. He 
 was a soldier of the war of 1812, attached to General Har- 
 rison’s command, and participated in a number of sorties 
 and skirmishes with both the British and Indians during 
 the campaign. He married Amelia, daughter of Isaiah 
 Harris, a native of Campbell county, Virginia, who was one 
 of the first settlers of Warren county, Ohio. Dr. Hill's 
 early education was a limited one, but he supplemented the 
 rudiments he acquired at the village school by study at 
 home during his leisure hours, laboring on his father’s farm 
 until he attained the age of seventeen years, u'hen he again 
 attended school, devoting two years for that purpose. In 
 1844, having acquired a liberal education, he commenced 
 teaching school, and was thus engaged for three years, de- 
 voting his unoccupied time to the study of medicine under 
 the supervision of Dr. Alfred Noble, of Goshen, Ohio, com- 
 pleting the same in 1849, having during the two preceding 
 years attended the usual course of lectures in the Ohio 
 Medical College. Having received his diploma, he com- 
 mence<l the practice of medicine in the spring of 1849 
 Middleborough and Osceola in Warren county, where he 
 continued for seven years. In 1856 he went to Kansas, 
 where he passed two years in prospecting and travelling, 
 and during his sojourn in that region was a voluminous cor- 
 respondent of Eastern papers, giving full particulars of the 
 resources and condition of the then Territory, which was 
 passing through the troublous times familiarly known as the 
 “ border ruffian ” difficulties. He returned to Ohio in 1858, 
 and located at Madisonville, Hamilton county, where he 
 has since resided, atid resumed the practice of his profession. 
 In 1873 he opened a drug store, since which time he has 
 not been actively engaged in professional calls, but gives 
 advice in connection with the dispensing of drugs and 
 medicines, and the carrying on of an extensive apothecary 
 store. He has also given considerable attention to building, 
 and has designed and erected some of the finest residences 
 
BIOGRAPIIICAI. ENCVCLUIVEDIA. 
 
 459 
 
 in the town of Mailisonville. Me is a devoted and earnest 
 member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and has been 
 for the past twenty years a prominent member of the 
 Masonic order. In political feeling he is identified with the 
 Republican party, but although solicited to accept a nomina- 
 tion has never consented to allow his name to be presented 
 before a political convention. He has been tbrice married. 
 Mis first wife was Amelia Conover, of Hamilton county, 
 Ohio, who died in 1854, leaving two children. He was 
 subsequently married to Maiw Myers, also a native of 
 Hamilton county, who died in 1866. He has since been 
 united to Nancy Freeman, who was born in Pennsylvania, 
 and widow of the late John \V. Langdon, by whom he is 
 the father ol five children. 
 
 ILl.ING.S, JOHN K., Lawyer, was born, January 
 I2th, 1815, in Saratoga county. New York. He 
 is the second of three children born to Ezra Bil- 
 lings and Elizabeth Slocum, nee Himpland. His 
 father, a native of Connecticut, was an agricul- 
 turist all his life; he settled in Michigan in 
 1831, and died there in the fall of that year. Mrs. Billings, 
 a native of Vermont, died in May of 1861. On the paternal 
 side the family is of English, and on the maternal side of 
 Irish origin. On both sides they were patriots in the great 
 struggle for colonial independence. The subject of this 
 notice was taught lessons of morality and industry from his 
 early days. He worked on a farm continuously until his 
 sixteenth year, with the exception of one summer spent in a 
 confectionery store at S.iratoga Springs. His early educa- 
 tion was received in the ordinary county school and was 
 quite limited. At the age of sixteen his aggregate attend- 
 ance at school amounted to about one year. At this time he 
 was sick in Michigan, suffering a whole year from fever and 
 ague. But he did not allow the time to be wasted. He 
 addressed himself to study with great profit. He not only 
 stored his mind with valuable knowledge, but he created an 
 ajrpetite for .study which he has not yet satisfied. Recover- 
 ing from his illness he worked on a farm for about six 
 months at eighteen dollars a month, which would indicate 
 that he was a good farm hand. He next went to a common 
 school for about four months, working morning and night 
 to pay his way. The following summer he went to Detroit, 
 Michigan, and did general work in a hotel for about three 
 months. The next winter he cut and chojjped wood at five 
 dollars an acre. During the next year he was again em- 
 ployed at farm work. Still dissatisfied with the education 
 he had been able to get, he determined to have a better one, 
 and he could only hope to secure it by hard work. He 
 therefore went to Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 1833, and was 
 the first to enter the Manual Labor Seminary at that place, 
 an institution organized under the auspices of the Presby- 
 terian Church. Having worked and studied here for about 
 
 eight months, he began teaching school about seven miles 
 from Ann Arbor. At the close of the school term he went 
 to Ashland, Ohio, ami there attended the academy for about 
 three months, after which he resumed teaching. In 1843 
 he moved to Adams county, Ohio. In 1851, after an exten- 
 sive course of legal reading, and some general experience 
 and practice, he was admitted to the bar. He immediately 
 began the practice of his profession at West Union, where 
 he has since resided. Close attention to business and un- 
 swerving integrity have drawn to him a large clientage and 
 a paying practice. In 1851, shortly after his admission to 
 the bar, Mr. Billings was elected Prosecuting Attorney of 
 Adams county, holding the office for two years. He was 
 afterwards elected to the same office in 1861, 1873, and 
 1875. Mr. Billings is a Democrat. In religion he is a 
 member of the Christian Church. He is a man of sterling 
 character, pleasing and affable in his social relations. His 
 success in life under circumstances far from favorable at tbe 
 outset bespeaks for him strong resolution and industry that 
 does not tire. He may well be regarded as a self-made 
 man. In June, 1844, he married Elizabeth H. Burly, a 
 native of Adams county, by whom ten children have been 
 born to him. 
 
 mouth. 
 
 ’OOKE, HON. ELEUTHEROS, Lawyer, was 
 born, 1780, in Granville, Washington county. 
 New York. His ancestry on the paternal side 
 were among the first settlers of Massachusetts, 
 P'rancis Cooke being one of the original Pilgrim 
 fathers, and who erected the third house in Ply- 
 ile received a liberal education at the academy in 
 his native town of Granville, and some time after leaving 
 school commenced the study of law. He pursued his read- 
 ings with such diligence and earnestness, that he was en- 
 abled to pass bis examination before Chancellor Kent, with 
 great credit to himself. He was admitted to the bar in 
 13, and commenced the practice of his profession early in 
 the same year in western New York, where he remained 
 for about two years, and thence removed to Madison, 
 Indiana. He continued his professional duties in that 
 place, occasionally appearing in the courts of the adjoining 
 State of Kentucky. While passing through Ohio in his re- 
 moval to his new home from New York State, he traversed 
 that portion of the State where the present city of Sandusky 
 is situated, and also its vicinage, and was so charmed w ith 
 its general appearance that he removed in 1818 to Bloom - 
 ingville, Ohio, a short distance from Sandusky, and remained 
 there in the practice of his profession until the latter place 
 w'as laid out, when he at once commenced the erection of a 
 residence and became one of its residents in 1819, and so 
 continued until his death. He was promincnily identified 
 with all the early enterprises of Sandusky and especially of 
 that portion of the State, taking a particular interest in the 
 first railroad projected in the State which connected the 
 
460 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 Ohio river with Lake Erie, from Cincinnati to Sandusky. 
 He was for many years a member of the Ohio Legislature, 
 and was elected to the Twenty-third Congress, 1833, from 
 the Sandusky District. He was successively a member of 
 the P'ederal, Anti-Jackson and Whig parties, and towards 
 the close of his life was aftiliated with the Republicans. In 
 1840, during the Harrison campaign, he was the orator of 
 the day in the great celebration ol the Battle of P'ort Meigs. 
 He was a prominent member of the Masonic order, and 
 was for many years Grand Orator of that fraternity in the 
 State of Ohio. As an advocate he was eminently success- 
 ful, whether in his appeal to the jury or in his argument 
 before the bench. He was married to Martha Caswell, of 
 Salem, Washington county. New York. He died in San- 
 dusky, December 24th, 1864, leaving three sons, Pitt, Jay, 
 and Henry 1 ). Cooke, born respectively in 1819, 1821, and 
 1825. They were members of the well-known firm of Jay 
 Cooke & Co., so favorably and prominently identified with 
 the negotiations of the national loans from 1861, and dur- 
 ing and after the termination of the civil war; having their 
 main house in Philadelphia, under the control of the founder 
 of the firm. Jay Cooke; the branch house in New York city, 
 with Pitt Cooke as the resident partner, while the Washing- 
 ton city office was under the direction of Henry D. Cooke, 
 who was also the first Governor of the District of Columbia, 
 and who still resides in Georgetown. Pitt Cooke is now a 
 resident of Sandusky, and Jay Cooke continues in Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 WING, HON. THOMAS, Lawyer and Statesman, 
 was born in Ohio county, in what is now WTst 
 Virginia, December 28th, 1789. His father. 
 Lieutenant Thomas Ewing, was a native of New 
 Jersey, and served in the patriot army during the 
 war which resulted in the independence of the 
 colonies. Soon after the treaty of peace was concluded he 
 removed to the frontier, where Thomas was born, and from 
 there, in 1798, to Ames township, Athens county, Ohio, of 
 which section he was the first white settler. During his 
 residence here he was a man of local prominence, anil held 
 several positions of trust. In 1818 he removed to Perry 
 county, Indiana, where he died in 1830, at a green old age. 
 Thomas was raised amid the rude experiences of pioneer 
 life, and had but few educational advantages in early life, 
 but these he absorbed with a precocious avidity. He was 
 very fond of reading, but had few books to select from, and 
 so read everything that came in his way. His constitution 
 and intellect were alike vigorous, and he soon became 
 known as a youth of uncommon hardihood and intelligence. 
 It was his pleasure to read to the field hands employed by 
 his father, and they, no doubt, returned the favor by flatter- 
 ing the smartness of the lad. In 1800 the little settlement 
 raised a fund — about one hundred dollars — to purchase the 
 nucleus of a library, and Thomas contributed his, share in 
 
 the shape of ten coon-skins. Sixty books were purchased, 
 and, to quote his own words, “ I'he library of the Vatican 
 was nothing to it, and there never was a library better read.” 
 Through this library and the primitive schools of the neigh- 
 borhood he obtained a sufficient knowledge to warrant the 
 prediction of his elders that he would become a scholar and 
 a man of learning. But his appetite for knowledge was far 
 from being appeased, and at the age of nineteen he was 
 somewhat discouraged at the prospect of further advance- 
 ment. He now resolved to make a bold effort to obtain a 
 collegiate education, and accordingly engaged himself as a 
 boatman on the Ohio river, and after a time saved enough 
 money to attend the academy at Athens for three months. 
 His novitiate over, he returned to work in the salines of 
 Kanawha. At the end of the third year he had saved 
 enough money to enter upon a regular course of study at 
 Athens, where he remained until the spring of 1815, when 
 he considered himself a “ pretty good though an irregular 
 scholar.” During his term at the academy he taught school 
 for .a .short time at Gallipolis, and was also occasionally em- 
 ployed as a surveyor in Athens county. In July, 1815, he 
 went to Lancaster to study law under General Beech, and 
 after a self-imposed discipline of most laborious application, 
 was admitted to practise in August, 1816. His first speech 
 as a counsellor was made at Circleville soon after, and his 
 next attempt was at Lancaster, where he was asked to under- 
 take a case by Mr. Sherman, whose distinguished son, the 
 general, afterwards became a member of his family, and 
 eventually his son-in-law. Some lime after this his pecu- 
 niaiy resources were much reduced, and he was anxiously 
 canvassing his prospects. At this juncture he was offered 
 a small fee to go to Marietta and become counsel for the 
 defendant in a case of larceny. He says of this episode: 
 “ I have had several fees since of |!io,ooo and upwards, 
 but never one of which I felt the value, or one, in truth, as 
 valuable to me as this.” Successful ’n the case, he at once 
 found his time fully employed in criminal practice. This 
 was the starting point from which he rapidly gained promi- 
 nence as a lawyer, and was soon one of the leaders of the 
 Ohio bar. Presently he was appointed Prosecuting Attorney 
 of Athens county, which office he held for several years. 
 His fame had now grown so wide that he became the Whig 
 candidate for the United States Senate, to which position 
 he was elected in 1830. He served one term, and during 
 that time his reputation as a legal reasoner became national. 
 In 1840 he took the stump for Harrison, and when the old 
 soldier was elected President, Thomas Ewing entered his 
 cabinet as Secretary of the Treasury. In the campaign of 
 1844 he was a strong Clay Whig, and in that of 1848 
 warmly advocated the election of Taylor. When the latter 
 was elected, he was again ap|iointed to the cabinet, this 
 time having charge of the portfolio of the Interior. But 
 complications arising, he resigned, and was soon after ap- 
 pointed to the United States Senate to fill the unexpired 
 term of Hon. Thomas Corwin, who had been called lo a 
 

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 461 
 
 place in the cabinet. He resigned office again after serving 
 one session, and resumed the practice of the law. In the 
 crisis of 1S61 he was a staunch patriot and supporter of the 
 administration, and was appointed by Governor Dennison 
 a member of the Peace Commission which sat in Washing- 
 ton. Throughout the war he was unwavering in his loyalty, 
 and President Lincoln had an admiration for him almost j 
 akin to reverence. During the greater part of the war era j 
 he practised law in Washington, but when peace came he I 
 gave up most of his practice. During the latter years of | 
 his life his conservatism alienated him from the administra- | 
 tion, and he acted with the Democratic party. His intellect j 
 was vigorous to. the last. He died at Lancaster, Ohio, j 
 October 26th, 1871, surrounded bv his children and their 
 
 j 
 
 families. ! 
 
 ORTHINGTOX, HON. VACHEL, Lawyer and 
 •State Senator, was born, Eebruary 2d, 1802, near 
 Stanford, Lincoln county, Kentucky. His father, 
 James T. Worthington, was born in Baltimore 
 county, Maryland, and his mother, Margaret P. 
 (Stade) Worthington, was a native of North Caro- 
 lina. He remained with his parents until he was eight 
 years old, when he went to live with his uncle near Dan- 
 ville, attending the academy in the latter town about two 
 years, and then became a student in the academy at .Stan- 
 ford, where he commenced a classical course. When he 
 was sixteen years old, his father purchased Boone Station, 
 but Vachel remained at Stanford, afterwards returning to 
 his uncle and resumed his studies at Danville. At the age 
 of seventeen years he entered the Transylvania University 
 at Lexington, where he remained but a short time, having i 
 determined to allow a year to lapse, and returned to Dan- 
 ville, where he passed through a more thorough preparatory ^ 
 course of study. He then re-entered the university as a 
 member of the junior class, and remained there until July, 
 1822, when he graduated, taking the third honor in his 
 class, being ranked as the best mathematician, and also as 
 first in moral science and philosophy. In 1825 his Alma 
 Mater conferred on him the degree of Master of Arts. 
 Shortly after his graduation he went to Maryland, where 
 he passed about a year with his relatives, returning to Ken- 
 tucky in 1823, when he commenced the study of law with 
 Hon. C. J. Boyle, who was then on the bench, and who 
 examined him monthly as to his proficiency in his readings. ; 
 He was never in a law office until he established his own, ‘ 
 which he did after passing his final examination at Cincin- i 
 nati, in which he gained for himself and for his preceptor 
 also great credit for his thorough acquirements in his pro- ' 
 fession. At the commencement of his practice, as well as 
 through his long career of over half a century, he has con- 
 fined his attention entirely to the civil courts. After a 
 period of five years, being eminently successful in the diffi- 
 cult and intricate cases committed to his charge, he became 
 
 associated with the late Nicholas Longworlh, and the 
 nephew of the latter, Thomas Longworth, as a partner in 
 the firm of Longworths & Worthington, attorneys and 
 counsellors at law. On the retirement of Nicholas Long- 
 worth from the firm, after a long and highly prosperous 
 course of practice, he attended to all the law business of the 
 senior member until his death, and then took charge of the 
 estate, which he managed until 1866. He has been one of 
 the most indefatigable workers ever known to the bar of 
 Cincinnati ; and his hand is seen on all the court records, 
 as also in the establishing of wholesome municipal and 
 State laws. During this long period of over half a century, 
 having been admitted to the bar in 1825, he has been con- 
 stantly occupied in the practice of his profession, and the 
 great amount of labor that he has performed can hardly be 
 estimated. His writings have been and are very volumi- 
 nous ; and all his manuscripts are neatly and legibly executed. 
 Although better on paper than in oral argument, he has 
 made many long and excellent speeches, in which his line 
 of argument and his deep and abstruse reasoning has not 
 been appreciated by the jury or even by the court, perhaps 
 from their inability to grasp it. He was for several years 
 of counsel for the Ohio Life and Trust Company, although 
 not at the time of its failure in August, 1857; but he has 
 also represented other leading banks and incorporated in- 
 stitutions. In real estate law he has always held the high- 
 est ground, and in these has won his best trophies ; and is 
 perfectly at home in that highest department of jurispru- 
 dence, and has realized an ample fortune from that practice. 
 His legal learning is undoubtedly his best distinction, and 
 he has ever taken a high rank as a counsellor; but he finds 
 time to inquire into philosophy and all the problems con- 
 nected with man’s present and future existence. To these 
 studies, and especially to the views of the ablest modern 
 thinkers, he has, for several years past, given a large share 
 of attention, probably even more than the average profes- 
 sional man allows to reading the daily press and other 
 ephemeral literature. He delights in grappling with large 
 interests and difficult ([uestions, and is a most safe, enlight- 
 ened and conscientious adviser and counsellor ; and has been 
 of great assistance to those wlio placed reliance upon his 
 judicious advice in regard to business enterprises and 
 speculative undertakings. In all his intercourse with men 
 and their affairs, he is earnest, honest, zealous, and courage- 
 ous. He neither courts nor fears any one, and is utterly 
 above dissimulation, hypocrisy, or any kind of deception. 
 No means could be emjdoyed to coerce him from the posi- 
 tion he takes, and while he respects those who honestly 
 differ from him in sentiment, he maintains his own views at 
 all hazards. For two years past he has been a member of 
 the .State Senate, having been elected on the Democratic 
 ticket in 1873, and his career so far has been of great ser- 
 vice to the State. In the committees on the Judiciary and 
 on Finance, and in open session, he has been heard often 
 and with edification. The members were wise enough to 
 
402 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 know that he could instruct them more than they could ac- 
 quire without him, that he told them the truth, and advo- 
 cated nothing but justice and equity; and there was no 
 danger in following one so faithful and intelligent. He has 
 rendered a great service to his adopted city of Cincinnati, 
 and which is daily appreciated more and more. This is the 
 result of what is known as the “Worthington Bill,’’ which 
 requires cash payment in all city dealings; he would eveta 
 have effected more, but his colleagues required to be edu- 
 cated to the task, and perhaps might not have supported 
 him. The .Southern Railroad scheme, to the building of 
 which into Kentucky and Tennessee, Cincinnati has been 
 committed by an evasion of the Ohio State Constitution, had 
 a sleepless and most formidable opponent in him. He is a 
 thorough master of the principles involved, and has elab- 
 orately considered the facts and consequences of that heavy 
 expenditure. The first appropriation of ten millions of dol- 
 lars provided for by the Act of 4th May, 1S69, he terms the 
 entering wedge for at least as much more, and a consequent 
 heavy if not fatal indebtedness of the city. He struggled 
 for an act of the Legislature to amend or repeal the law of 
 1S69, on the ground of its unconstitutionality, and because 
 the so-called ancillary legisl.ition of Kentucky and Tennes- 
 see was a heinous contradiction of the Ohio statute, by 
 divesting the city of its road, and vesting it in the trustees 
 under the statutes of both the other States. His arguments 
 were able, exhaustive, vehement, overwhelming, and unan- 
 swerable. No one was prepared to reply to them, and they 
 have created a profound impression on all thoughtful men 
 throughout the Stale, leading them to oppose the scheme 
 for the construction of this road ; in fact, so perfect and con- 
 sistent has his reasoning been, that public opinion in Cin- 
 cinnati has been reversed. Of all the old Hamilton county 
 bar, he is the last survivor yet in practice, except Charles 
 P'ox, who is some years his senior in age, and of the same 
 upright character and laborious professional habits. Per- 
 sonally, he presents the figure of a student, thin face, blue 
 eyes, and head slightly bald. He is about five feet ten 
 inches in height, but not robust. He has been twice mar- 
 ried ; first, in 1825, to Mary, the eldest daughter of Judge 
 Burnet; and in 1839 to Julia Wiggins, both of Cincinnati. 
 He has had three sons, and William is his law partner, and 
 worthy of his position. 
 
 ELAM.LTER, JOHN, M. D., LL. D., was born, 
 April 1 8th, 1787, in Chatham, New York, and 
 died, March, 1867, in Cleveland, Ohio. As his 
 name indicates, his family were of I'rench origin, 
 his ancestors having been Huguenot exiles who 
 found a refuge in Holland. They were inter- 
 married with the people of the country, and traces of that 
 Dutch descent were seen in the features of his face. He 
 was originally destined to follow the occupation of his father, 
 that of farming. But a slight injury from over labor, when 
 
 a lad, rendered him unfit for farm work, and so it was de- 
 cided to fit him for the ministry. The family removed to 
 Duanesburg, Schenectady county, where he was taught by 
 a finely educated clergyman, w'h'o had himself been edu- 
 cated abroad. His owu inclination was for the law, but to 
 please his father he gave it up and began the study of 
 medicine. When nineteen years of age the Medical Society 
 of Otsego licensed him to practise, and he at once entered 
 into partnership with his uncle. Dr. Dorr, a physician in 
 Ch.atham. Three years later he removed to Florida, a town 
 in Montgomery county; later, after a year spent in Albany, 
 in 1S15, he established himself in Sheffield, Berkshire 
 county, Massachusetts. At the expiration of eight years in 
 that place, in 1823, he w'as invited to a professorship in the 
 Berkshire Medical Institute at Pittsfield, Massachusetts. In 
 1827, when a new medical college was opened by the Re- 
 gents of the .State of New' York, for the benefit of the West- 
 ern District, at Imirfield, Herkimer county, he was invited 
 to a leading position in the faculty. He remained at Fair- 
 field eight years, and had acquired a reputation as a physi- 
 cian of the first rank. At that time Dr. Jackson, of Boston, 
 considered one of the ablest physicians in the United States, 
 said, in reply to a gentleman in Utica, who had sought his 
 advice in a peculiarly grave and obscure malady : “ You 
 have no need to write to me. You have Dr. Delamaler 
 near at hand, than whom there is no abler practitioner in 
 the country.” At this lime he was forty years of age. From 
 Fairfield he removed to Willoughby, Ohio, having previ- 
 ously visited that Slate, and delivered a cour.ie of lectures 
 in Cincinnati, wdiere he was urgen.tly invited to remain as a 
 permanent instructor. He how'ever preferred the Medical 
 Institute at Willoughby, and remained at that place six 
 years. In 1842 he removed to Cleveland, and with able 
 coadjutors organized and established the Cleveland Medical 
 College, the medical department of the Western Reserve 
 College. Notwithstanding the professorship in his college, 
 he found time to deliver full courses of lectures at Bowdoin 
 College, Dartmouth, Geneva, and at Cincinnati. His 
 manuscript notes show that he had delivered not less than 
 seventy courses of lectures, treating almost every subject 
 which belongs to medical science. At seventy-five years 
 of age, in i860, he closed his labors, having aided in the 
 instruction of more young men, in the science of medicine, 
 than any other man at that time. On resigning his active 
 duties at this period, he received the title of Doctor of 
 Laws and was made Professor Emeritus. Subsequently he 
 practised all that his infirmities would permit, and in doubt- 
 ful and obscure cases his opinion was sought. One of the 
 professors being temporarily absent on duties relating to the 
 war of the rebellion, he consented to take the chair thus 
 temporarily vacant, and delivered fifty lectures, which 
 proved to be his last jiuhlic instructions. He was a man of 
 rare refinement and of high cultivation; and had few if any 
 indulgences. While he was speaking, few appreciated how 
 well and how thoroughly he was speaking; but when he 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.HDIA. 
 
 463 
 
 had concluded it was clear that the subject was exhausted ; 
 nothing of importance omitted. In every condition of life 
 —as a teacher, as a colleague, as a friend, as a citizen, as 
 an office-bearer in the church — the only question with him 
 was of simple justice. He once said : “ Through my most 
 active years I never went to bed without the consciousness 
 that I had done that day all that any man could require of 
 me, professionally or otherwise.” He was one of the most 
 generous men, both with his professional services and with 
 his money, who has ever lived in this country. An early 
 and decided advocate of temperance, he often lectured on 
 that subject with great force and eloquence. He made a 
 public profession of religion at the age of twenty-five, and, 
 like everything else about him, it was genuine. He never 
 entered on any critical operation in surgery without first 
 making it a subject of prayer; and his family devotions 
 never were omitted, whatever might be the pressure of his 
 professional calls. In politics he was always interested; 
 first as a Jefferson Republican, then an Adams F'ederalist, 
 then a strong supporter of the rising Democrat parly. While 
 Jackson was President he changed his views, becoming a 
 Whig, and later a Republican. He was from the first an 
 opponent of slavery ; yet the treatment he received at the 
 hands of colored men in Sheffield, in repayment for volun- 
 tary services as a physician, and his liberal gifts of what 
 money he had, with base ingratitude, formed in him the 
 deeply-rooted conviction that the negro is by nature unfit 
 for citizenship. This opinion he maintained until his death. 
 
 ONKLING, WILLIAM M., was born, March 
 nth, 1815, in Butler county, Ohio, near the vil- 
 lage of Reily. He is the first of nine children 
 of Isaac Conkling and Rebecca (Marsh) Conk- 
 ling, both natives of New Jersey. Isaac Conkling 
 was a blacksmith and farmer, who moved to 
 Ohio in 1805, in company with his father, Joseph Conkling, 
 and his uncle, Stephen Conkling. They settled in Hamil- 
 ton county, at the point now known as East Walnut Hills, 
 near Cincinnati. The Conklings were among the best as 
 well as earliest settlers of Hamilton county. William M.’s 
 mother was a daughter of John Marsh, who settled in 
 Hamilton county in 1794. The subject of this sketch re- 
 ceived his early education in the schools of Cincinnati, 
 under the instruction of John L. Tolbert, a prominent edu- 
 cator of that city. He was bred a farmer, working with 
 his father until his twenty-fourth year, when he rented a 
 farm from his father in Sycamore township. At the end of 
 ten years, in 1849, ^7 industry and frugality he had accu- 
 mulated enough to enable bim to buy a home. He pur- 
 chased the farm upon which he now resides, in Sycamore 
 township. He has always taken great interest in the affairs 
 of his township, especially in its educational interests. For 
 fifteen years he has been a Supervisor. He has been an 
 
 active member of the Presbyterian Church for many years. 
 Politically he is a Republican. He is held in high esteem 
 in his locality, where he has lived the life of an honest, 
 public-spirited citizen. In 1839 Mr. Conkling married 
 Elizabeth D. Glenn, daughter of Isaac Glenn, a prominent 
 farmer of Hamilton county. Six children have been born 
 of this union. 
 
 VANS, HON. NATIL\N, Lawyer, was born, June 
 24th, 1S04, in Belmont county, Ohio. His par- 
 ents emigrated to Ohio in 1803, from Loudon 
 county, Virginia, where his father was a farmer. 
 Until 1830 Nathan attended the county school in 
 winter aiul worked on the farm in summer, acting 
 as County Clerk in 1827 and the following year. After 
 teaching school for a short time, in 1830 he read law with 
 General James Weir, at St. Clairsville. At the end of one 
 year he was admitted to the bar and opened his office at 
 Hillsborough. Here he remained one year ; but being at- 
 tacked by typhoid fever, he left for Cambridge. Here he 
 recovered his health and was elected Prosecuting Attorney 
 for Guernsey county, holding the office for four years. In 
 1S46 Mr. Evans was elected to represent the district com- 
 posed of Guernsey and Belmont counties. He served a 
 second term with credit to himself and satisfaction to his 
 constituents, and then resumed practice in Cambridge. In 
 1858 he was elected a Judge of the Court of Common 
 Pleas for a term of five years. He continued the jiraclice 
 of law until 1873. April l5lh, 1834, he married Elizabeth 
 Jane Way. January 9th, 1855, he married Susan M. Lap- 
 land; and January 9th, 1865, he was joined to Tirseh 
 Duvall. 
 
 j^'AMBLIN, EMMETT, Coal Operator, was born in 
 Madison county, New York, August 31st, 1826. 
 His father and mother were both natives of New 
 York. His parents moved to Pennsylvania in 
 1829; thence to Steuben county. New York, in 
 1834; and finally settled in Hocking county, 
 Ohio, in 1838. Emmett received his education in the 
 schools of Hocking county. His father dying January 20lh, 
 1839, the support of his mother and sister devolved upon 
 young Emmett. He assumed the charge willingly and 
 with stout heart, determined to make the best of his ojrpor- 
 tunities. He secured work ns a laborer on the Hocking 
 Canal, and was so employed for six years. P'rom 1845 
 until 1847 he was engaged on a farm. In the latter year 
 he rented a farm, which he tilled until i860, when he pur- 
 chased a farm in Hocking county. In this year he was 
 elected Treasurer of Hocking county, being re-elected at 
 the expiration of his term, in 1862. He vacated this office 
 in 1865. In the meantime he continued farming and stock 
 raising until 1869, when he sold his land to the county for 
 
464 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 an infirmary, and resigned the County Conimissionership to 
 which he had been elected in 1867. Since then he has 
 been engaged in operating and speculating in coal lands in 
 Hocking and Perry counties. He was the first in his sec- 
 tion to turn his attention to the valuable deposits of coal 
 which had lain there awaiting the energy and enterprise 
 that shouhl develop them. A life of thrift and industry has 
 enabled him to become possessed of some of the best coal 
 lands in Ohio. Mr. Hamblin now makes his home in 
 Logan county. May i6th, 1847, Mr. Hamblin married 
 Calistia Cook, of Hocking county, who has borne him four 
 boys, all living. 
 
 ’'SHELMAN, HON. EPHRAIM B., was born, 
 December 8th, 1830, in Lancaster county, Penn- 
 sylvania. He is the son of Peter Eshelman and 
 Mary (Carlysle) Eshelman. He began his edu- 
 cation in the common schools of his native State, 
 and finished at a select boarding-school. He 
 learned his trade as a printer in the office of The Intelli- 
 gencer, at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Shortly after reaching 
 his majority he went to Ohio and worked a few years at his 
 trade in Trumbull county. In 1853 he purchased the 
 Chillicothe Advertiser, which he e<lited and published until 
 January ist, 1865, when he became connected with the 
 daily Ohio Statesman, as part owner and editor-in-chief. 
 He retained this connection until P'ebruary, 1869, since 
 which time he has been editor and half owner of the ll’ayne 
 County Democrat, published at Wooster. Mr. Eshelman 
 was Postmaster at Chillicothe under Buchanan’s admitiistra- 
 tion. In 1873 he was elected from Wayne county, as a 
 Democrat, to the Ohio House of Representatives. He was 
 Chairman of the Committee on Einance and a member of 
 the Committees on h'ederal Relations and Public Printing. 
 Mr. Eshelman is a forcible writer and an effective speaker. 
 
 In the latter year he commenced the study of law in George- 
 town, Brown county, under the supervision of Grafton B. 
 White and Hamon L. Penn, prominent attorneys of that 
 place. He pursued his studies with great industry and 
 application, and having passed the requisite examination, 
 was admitted to the bar April ist, 1846. During his first 
 year his receipts were actually less than one dollar; but his 
 practice began to increase, and he has continued to reside 
 in Georgetown until the present time, and has been con- 
 stantly occupied with professional duties, except when in 
 the service of his country as a soldier in the field. In 
 June, 1847, he joined the 4th Regiment Ohio Volunteers, 
 and accompanied that command to Mexico. He was an 
 active participant in numerous skirmishes and minor engage- 
 ments in that country. Shortly after his enlistment he was 
 promoted to a Second Lieutenancy in Company G. His 
 term of service was about thirteen months, until the close 
 of the war. In 1862 he was commissioned Colonel of the 
 89th Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served with 
 his command about three months in Kentucky, when he 
 resigned, and returning to Georgetown, resumed the duties 
 of his profession. He was Prosecuting Attorney of Brown 
 county for two years, and a member of the lower branch of 
 the Legislature for a like period. He has, in general, 
 neither sought nor accepted public offices of a political or 
 partisan nature. He was a Whig until the disintegration 
 of that party, and has since co-operated with the Demo- 
 crats. He was enthusiastic in his admiration of, and in his 
 friendship for, the late Senator Stephen A. Douglas. Re- 
 ligiously his views are not circumscribed by the doctrines 
 of any particular church. He is agreeable, affable, and 
 courteous in manner, and of unimpeachable honesty and 
 integrity. He was married in 1849 1 ° -^fn B., sister of 
 Hon. Chilton White, of Cincinnati. She died in 1863. 
 During the following year he was united in marriage to 
 Amanda Jenkins, a native of Brown county, Ohio. 
 
 JOHN G., Soldier and Lawyer, was 
 ^Tll I Trumbull county, Ohio, 
 
 olj!| I and is the fourth of six children, whose parents 
 were John and Margaret M. (Grant) Marshall; 
 « the latter being a sister of Jesse Grant, an early 
 pioneer of Clermont county, and father of General 
 Ulysses S. Grant, now President of the United .States. She 
 was born in Pennsylvania. John Marshall, her husband, 
 was a native of Virginia who settled in Trumbull county at 
 an early day, and who followed through life both agricul- 
 tural and trading pursuits, john G. Marshall was early 
 trained to industry. P'rom the age of nine until he was 
 fourteen years old he worked in the tannery of his uncle, 
 Jesse Grant, and then entered a printing office, where he 
 learned the mysteries of that art, and worked at this occu- 
 pation in various parts ' of Ohio and Kentucky until 1845. 
 
 ERRIE, WILLIAM, Physician, was born, March 
 15th, 1817, in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. 
 Pie is the youngest of six children of John Ferrie 
 and Catherine (Friel) Ferrie. His father was a 
 £ native of France and a civil engineer by profes- 
 
 sion, who settled in Lancaster county and lived 
 there until his death, about 1820. His mother, Catherine 
 Friel, was a native of Ireland, and died in 1835. William’s 
 early education was liberal, being received in the common 
 schools and at the Moravian Academy in his native county. 
 In the meantime he labored industriously to support him- 
 self and his widowed mother, as well as to accumulate 
 something for his start in life. At the age of twenty-five he 
 had secured a liberal general education, and was ready to 
 begin a professional course. In 1843 he commenced to 
 read medicine under Dr. P. W. Melone, of Cornwall, 
 
BIOGRAl’lIICAL ENCYCLOlAliDIA. 
 
 465 
 
 Lebanon county, Pennsylvania. He read with Dr. Melone 
 for three years, in the meantime attending lectures at the 
 Jefferson Medical College, at Philadelphia. Having re- 
 ceived his diploma as Doctor of Medicine, he located at 
 Farmersville, Montgomery county, Ohio, where he prac- 
 tised for about five months. In the fall of 1846 Dr. Ferric 
 removed to Mount Plea.sant, Hamilton county, where he 
 has since remained. By the same industry and energy as 
 enabled him to acquire his profession, he has worked him- 
 self into an e.xtensive and profitable practice. After thirty 
 years of active professional labor Dr. Ferric is blessed with 
 the full enjoyment of his physical and mental faculties. 
 His first wife was Mary Ginley, of Lancaster county, Penn- 
 sylvania, who died in the spring of 1S47. He married, in 
 1850, for his second wife, Mary Martin, of Hamilton county, 
 daughter of Samuel Martin, a pioneer and for several years 
 Treasurer of Hamilton county. 
 
 
 A 
 
 >5 
 
 i' 
 
 
 (s' 
 
 
 'OOPER, SPENXER, M. D., Physician and Con- 
 tractor, was born, October 8th, 1816, in Mill- 
 creek township, Hamilton county, Ohio, and is 
 the third of ten children, whose parents were 
 Thomas and Hannah (Steward) Cooper. ^ His 
 father was a native of Greenbrier county, Vir- 
 ginia, who was a farmer by occupation. He removed to 
 Ohio as early as 1792, locating first at Fort Washington — 
 now Cincinnati — and subsequently removing to Millcreek 
 township, where he settled temporarily on a farm, and 
 finally purchased a plantation near Reading, where he re- 
 sided until his death, which took place on June 5th, 1851. 
 During his long life he was identified with the public inter- 
 ests in various capacities, and served as County Commis- 
 sioner of Hamilton county for sixteen years. He was also 
 a Captain in the army during the war of 1812. Dr. Cooper’s 
 early education was obtained in the common schools; but 
 he has, however, been through life a close reader and a 
 keen observer. He was early taught to labor, and at the 
 age of twenty years began life on his own resources as a 
 farmer.- He had already entered upon a course of reading 
 in order to qualify himself for the profession of medicine, 
 but subsequently had renounced the idea of prosecuting his 
 studies, at least for a time. From 1836 to 1840 he was 
 assiduously engaged in farming, and was also a contractor 
 on various public works. He next resumed his medical 
 studies, and in 1844 graduated from the Ohio Eclectic 
 Medical College with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. 
 He commenced the practice of his profession in the State 
 of Missouri, and thence removed to New Orleans. Having 
 his health much impaired, he abandoned medicine and re- 
 turned home, having been absent about five years. He 
 recommenced his old occupation of farmer and contractor 
 near Reading, Hamilton county, where he has ever since 
 resided. He is now principally engaged as a contractor on 
 59 
 
 the Southern Railroad, running from Cincinnati to Knox- 
 ville and Chattanooga. He adheres to the measures of the 
 Republican party, although he is no politician, nor has he 
 ever held any office whatever. He is a Baptist in religious 
 faith. Socially he is pleasant and courteous, has a firm 
 demeanor, and is a man whose life has been one of rugged 
 and varied experience. 
 
 EACH, HON. ALLEN J., representative from 
 Knox county in the Sixty-first General Assembly 
 of Ohio, was born, September 23d, 1830, in 
 Livingston county. New York, and is a son of 
 Allen and Amanda (Root) Beach. He received 
 his education in the common schools of Knox 
 county, Ohio, and was early trained in habits of industry. 
 When twenty years of age he began business on his own 
 account as a butcher and victualler, and carried it on very 
 successfully for twenty years. He has taken a great inter- 
 est in political matters, and has ever been an unwavering 
 and consistent Democrat, serving as a member of the 
 County Democratic Ccmmittee for a number of years, and 
 has repeatedly been a delegate to various conventions of 
 that party. In 1862 he was elected Sheriff on the Demo- 
 cratic ticket, and was renominated in 1864, but failed of an 
 election. In 1868 he was again nominated, and received a 
 majority of the votes cast, and was re-elected in 1870, thus 
 serving in that office for a period of six years in all. In 
 1873 he was elected to the lower branch of the Legislature, 
 and during the sessions of that body served on the Commit- 
 tee on Federal Relations, and also on that of the Peniten- 
 tiary, being Chairman of the latter. His earnest manner 
 and sterling honesty have gained him many friends, and he 
 has a decided influence in the house of which he is a mem- 
 ber. He was married, January ist, 1850, to Matilda 
 Buckland, of Knox county, by whom he has had five chil- 
 dren, all of whom have died. 
 
 flllPLEY, WILLIAM S., M. D., Phy.sician and 
 Superintendent of the Cincinnati .Sanitarium, 
 located at College Hill, was born, October iSth, 
 f • 1810, at Lexington, Kentucky. He is the third 
 
 of seven children, whose parents were Rev. 
 Stephen and Amelia (Stout) Chipley. His father 
 was a native of Maryland, who was but seven years old 
 when he removed to Kentucky, and where he resided until 
 his death, in 1852. He was a zealous Methodist clergy- 
 man. Dr. Chipley’s mother was a native of Lexington, 
 Kentucky, where she was born in 1788, and is yet living 
 with her son at the Sanitarium. He received a liberal edu- 
 cation at the Transylvania University, and in 1829 com- 
 menced the study of medicine under the supervision of that 
 eminent surgeon. Dr. B. W. Dudley, of I.exington. He 
 
466 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOPHiDIA. 
 
 graduated in 1832 from the medical department of the 
 Transylvania University, and m the same year located at 
 Columbus, Georgia, where he practised his profession until 
 1844, when he returned to Lexington, and was there engaged 
 in the general practice of medicine until 1855, and from 
 1S53 to 1855 was Professor of the Theory and Practice of 
 Medicine in the university. In the latter year he was elected 
 Superintendent of the Kentucky Eastern Lunatic Asylum, 
 at Lexington, which he accepted, and these duties engaged 
 his attention for fifteen years. He resigned this position in 
 1870, and founded a private institution for the cure of mental 
 and nervous disorders, which was situated near Lexington. 
 He continued there two years, when the building was de- 
 stroyed by fire. He then opened a similar establishment 
 within the city limits, which he operated for another period 
 of two years. In July, 1875, he accepted the position of 
 Superintendent of the Sanitarium, at College Hill, near Cin- 
 cinnati. This institution is the only one of its kind in the 
 West, and its character is dwelt upon sufficiently in the 
 biographical sketches of Dr. S. R. Beckwith and Professor 
 Peck in another part of this volume. Dr. Chipley has the 
 exclusive management of the Sanitarium, both in its entire 
 medical and moral methods of treatment. 
 
 r,% 
 
 HEELER, BENJAMIN D., D. D. S., Surgeon- 
 II 1^6ntist, w'as born, July, 1815, in the town of 
 i III Orange, Massachusetts. His parents were of 
 English descent ; his mother w'as a member of the 
 'i Dexter family. His education was only that 
 
 afforded by the winter schools of those days. He 
 left home when but fourteen years old, and engaged in such 
 pursuits as suited his boyish fancy, and were followed in 
 various localities from Massachusetts to Missouri. Previous 
 to 1839 he returned home, and early in that year his uncle, 
 Jonathan Wheeler, shipped a cargo of wooden buckets to 
 Cincinnati via the Atlantic ocean to New Orleans, and de- 
 spatched him across the country to take charge of the stock 
 when it should reach its destination. On this trip he trav- 
 elled by railway to Philadelphia and Columbia, Pennsyl- 
 vania, thence by canal to Pittsburgh, and by the river to 
 Cincinnati. The Oliio river being very low, the buckets 
 were delayed, and being out of employment, he began to 
 look for something wherewith to occupy his time. Strolling 
 about one day he chanced to enter a book auction store, 
 somewhere on Fourth street, and there discovered a copy of 
 “ Bell on the Teeth.” The thought immedi.ately arose as to 
 the feasibility of his becoming a dentist; whereupon he left 
 the book and the store at once and started to put the thought 
 into effect. At that time there were but five dental offices 
 in Cincinnati. In his tour of investigation he called on Dr. 
 John Allen, and soon made a contract whereby the latter 
 was to teach him the mysteries of the lancet, key and forceps 
 for the sum of two hundred dollars, that amount to be paid 
 
 Dr. Allen for the privilege of working in his office and 
 learning what the doctor could teach him in two years. He 
 passed that period with his preceptor, and at the expiration 
 of his apprenticeship opened an office at Mount Sterling, 
 Kentucky. He did a very successful business while he so- 
 journed there, and formed many acquaintances, but he soon 
 returned to Cincinnati and joined Dr. Allen. He established 
 offices, at various times, at Xenia, Springfield and other 
 towns ; for dentists in those days were in the habit of trav- 
 elling from town to town, a custom which yet obtains in some 
 parts of the Union. In 1848 he permanently located in his 
 own office in Cincinnati, where he still continues in the 
 practice of his profession. However, he has visited other 
 towns, among them Urbana, where he made no inconsider- 
 able practice. He was present when the Mississippi Valley 
 Association originated. This is the oldest dental organiza- 
 tion west of the mountains, if not in the world. It was first 
 designed purely as a “ social ” for Cincinnati dentists, but 
 was really the germ of the valley organization into which it 
 soon developed. In this not very social group also the Ohio 
 College of Dental Surgery was conceived, of which he has 
 been for many years a member of its Board of Trustees. 
 Several years after its establishment he received a diploma 
 from the college, which had conferred on him the honorary 
 degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery. He keeps pace wdth 
 all the advances in his profession, and has made a specialty 
 of the beautiful continuous gum-w'ork, first introduced and 
 perfected by his old preceptor. Dr. Allen, now of New York. 
 Although no politician, he has served a three-years’ term as 
 a Republican member of the School Board. He is a prom- 
 inent Mason, having been a member of one lodge for over 
 thirty years, and is also a Sir Knight of the Templars. So- 
 cially he is courteous and affable, and in his office contracts 
 many friendships ; liberal and generous everywhere, he en- 
 joys the esteem of all who know him. He was married, 
 March, 1843, Eliza Allen, a sister of Dr. John Allen, his 
 old preceptor. 
 
 ALLACE, HON. WILLIAM PITT, Merchant 
 and Senator from the P'irst District, Hamilton 
 county, was born, September 25th, 1831, in the 
 county of Down, Ireland, and is a son of Hugh 
 and Matilda (Gibson) Wallace, formerly inn- 
 keepers in said county. The family is of Scotch 
 origin. He was educated in the public schools of Belfast, 
 and accompanied his parents in their emigration to the 
 United States in 1846. The family at first located in Pitts- 
 burgh, Pennsylvania, where he finished his education at a 
 night-school. In 1850 the family removed to Cincinnati, 
 and his father engaged in the wholesale grocery business, 
 but only carried it on for a year, when he abandoned it and 
 commenced the w'holesale hat and cap trade. William him- 
 self embarked in the same trade on his own account in 1858, 
 and in which he has ever since continued, the present firm 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 467 
 
 being Wallace & Ringel. He has been a most successful 
 merchant, which is due to his business tact, untiring energy 
 and industry. He has ever taken a great interest in the 
 cause of public education, and has served as a member of 
 the School Board in the village of Avondale, where he re- 
 sides. His political creed is that of the Llemocratic party, 
 but he is no politician and never sought a public office. He 
 accepted, however, the nomination by the Democratic party 
 in 1873 Senator from the Hamilton District, which was 
 tendered him without solicitation for that honor on his part, 
 and was elected in the autumn of that year. On taking his 
 seat in that body he was named to and has served on several 
 of its most important committees, including Manufactures 
 and Commerce, of which he was made Chairman ; on 
 Municipal Corporations, Railroads and Turnpikes, .Soldiers’ 
 and .Sailors’ Orphans’ Home, Insurance and on S.anitary 
 Laws. He was married, June, 1S59, to Mary Emma Mor- 
 gan, of Philadelphia, with whom he has had ten children, 
 eight of whom survive. 
 
 or projector of several other inventions of importance, but 
 on which he has neglected to secure patents. Prominent 
 among these are the universal feed for boring-mills and drill- 
 presses, also an engine for cutting and automatic-counting 
 the teeth of wheels. The drill-feed has come into general 
 use, and would have been the source of a handsome revenue 
 if he had not neglected to secure a patent. From the above 
 recital of the principal events of his career, it is scarcely 
 needless to observe that he is emphatically a self-made man. 
 The success of his life affords a very encouraging example 
 to the young mechanic who is desirous and ambitious of 
 rising above the sphere and position of a mere journeyman. 
 Although he is a man of established business and large 
 means, the unblemished integrity of his character will be the 
 best portion of his children’s inheritance. He was married, 
 April 6lh, 1S53, to Sarah Ann, daughter of Henry Reddick, 
 of Preble county, Ohio ; they have two sons living, two 
 daughters and one son having died in infancy. 
 
 ^EMPLE, JOHN, Inventor and Manufacturer, was 
 
 % 
 
 rr% 
 
 born, February 3d, 1S21, in Aberdeenshire, Scot- 
 land, and is a son of Robert and Christina (.-kllen) 
 Temple, people in moderate circumstances who 
 followed the quiet occupation of farming. His 
 father was a captain in the militia, and his mother 
 was the daughter of Captain Robert Allen, of the royal 
 navy. John enjoyed the educational advantages of the paro- 
 chial schools of his native county until he was seventeen 
 years old, when he was apprenticed to learn the trade of 
 machinist and mechanical engineer at the town of Cuba- 
 dona. He served five years at his trade, and after attaining 
 his majority was employed for one year as a journeyman in 
 Scotland. In .-\pril, 1843, he left home to seek his fortune 
 in America, and having a natural proclivity for general 
 mechanics he soon became familiar with the details of mill- 
 building, which he carried on in Canada until the year 1848, 
 when he entered the States, first at Buffalo, and afterwards 
 resided at Sandu.sky. In July, 1851, he arrived at Dayton, 
 where he followed mill-building along the valley of the 
 Miami, and in 1854 became associated with two partners, 
 under the firm-name of Stout, Mills & Temple, in the manu- 
 facture of mill-machinery, which firm has long been widely 
 known as among the most extensive and enterprising manu- 
 facturers of mill-machinery in the West. In 1859 he ob- 
 tained a patent for the American turbine wheel, an invention 
 whose importance may be inferred from the fact that although 
 it w.as followed by a great number of imitations as close as 
 the law would permit, continued for more than a decade to 
 almost monopolize the market, and of which over three 
 thousand have been manufactured at the shops of the firm. 
 The case as well as the wheel is his invention and the sub- 
 ject of a patent. In 1873 both these patents were renewed 
 by the government for seven years. He is also the author 
 
 ’NEIL, WILLL'VM J., Merchant and President of 
 the Board of Education of Cincinnati, was born, 
 October 23d, 1841, in Milford, Clermont counly, 
 Ohio. He is of Irish descent, his parents having 
 left the old country in 1832 and located originally 
 at Cincinnati. He was educated at St. Francis 
 Xavier College in that city, whither his parents removed 
 from Milford in 1845, where he has ever since resided. 
 He entered Appleg.ate & Co.’s book store in 1855, and re- 
 mained with them until the outbreak of the civil war in 1861, 
 when he enlisted in the militia, and was for three months 
 engaged in guarding bridges on the line of the Marietta & 
 Cincinnati Railroad, at the expiration of which time he 
 enlisted in the loth f)hio Regiment for three years’ service. 
 He was connected with that command in various capacities 
 until September, 1863, when he was honorably discharged 
 and returned to Cincinnati. He engaged in the stationery 
 trade with James Y.ates, w’ilh whom he remained until that 
 gentleman retired from business, when he effected an en- 
 gagement with .Stone & Stewart, and finally in 1867 became 
 a clerk in the store of J. R. Mills, continuing in that capacity 
 until January, 1872, when he w'as admitted to a partnershiji, 
 under the firm-name of J. R. Mills & Co. His political 
 creed is that of the Democratic party. In 1868 he was 
 elected a member of the Board of Education from the Tdrst 
 Ward, in which he has served with distinction, having been 
 from time to time re-elected, and now represents the Fourth 
 Ward in that body ; he w.as elected to the office of President 
 of the Board in April, 1875. a member of 
 
 the Board of Managers of the Public Library since 1873, and 
 President since July, 1874. He has been a member of the 
 Democratic State Central Committee from the First District 
 since 1871. He is no office-seeker, and has three times de- 
 clined nominations to office tendered him by the citizens of 
 
468 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 his ward. He is a public-spirited citizen and an earnest 
 and vigorous promoter of building societies and other insti- 
 tutions for the advancement of workingmen. He has been 
 President of the St. F'rancis Xavier Society for a number of 
 years, and is prominent in all the benevolent work of the 
 Roman Catholic Church, of which he is a devoted and 
 faithful member. 
 
 AGE, WILLIAM IL, Shirt Manufacturer, was 
 born, July 29th, 1830, in the city of Philadelphia, 
 Pennsylvania. His father was a native of New 
 Jersey, while his mother was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania. He received but a limited education in 
 the public schools of his native city, and then 
 learned the trade of brush-making, continuing in that avoca- 
 tion for seven years. He subsequently removed to Erie, 
 Pennsylvania, where he embarked in the hat, cap, fur and 
 furnishing goods business. He eventually relinquished this 
 enterprise and proceeded to Cleveland, Ohio, which he 
 reached in January, 1S60, and became interested in a shirt 
 manufactory which he established, and which is now the 
 oldest of its kind in that city, its business having progressed 
 most favorably. His political faith is that of the Republican, 
 but he has neither sought nor held any public office. He 
 was married, October, 1857, to Lizzie D., daughter of R. T. 
 McCarter, flour inspector, of Philadelphia. 
 
 ARROUN, CHESTER HANNU.M, D.D.S., was 
 born at Corfu, Genesee county. New York, July 
 17th, 1829, of Scotch-Irish and Italian e.xtraction. 
 He received his preliminary education at an 
 academic school in Sylvania, Lucas county, Ohio. 
 In youth he evinced a decided taste for the study 
 of medicine, which profession he determined to adopt. He 
 began to read with Dr. F. E. Bailey, .Sylvania, Ohio, in 
 1849 (now in Santa Cruz, California), but failing health 
 soon obliged him to choose another voc.ation. He applied 
 himself to dentistry, and began to practise in .Sylvania in 
 1851. After remaining here for two years he moved to 
 Toledo, forming a partnership with Dr. John Estele, now 
 deceased. At the end of a year he dissolved his connection 
 with Dr. Estele, and has since practised in Toledo, with the 
 exception of two years, when he travelled in the West, 
 locating in Elkhart, Indiana, one year. L^pon his return to 
 Toledo he pursued his profession alone until 1857, when he 
 was joined by Mr. R. L. Evans. This partnership continued 
 until September of 1864, conducting business by himself 
 until March, 1875, wdien he was joined by Dr. J. M. Porter, 
 forming the present firm of Harroun & Porter. Dr. Harroun 
 has been eminently successful through all these years, and 
 bears the reputation of being one of the first dentists in 
 
 Toledo. He is a member of several dental associations, and 
 a charter-member of the Ohio State Dental Society. Orig- 
 inally a Whig, Dr. Harroun’s affiliation is now with the 
 Republican party. He was married, September 20th, 1854, 
 to Emily J. Cadwell, of Sylvania, Lucas county, Ohio. 
 
 IGIN.S, THOMAS W., Lawyer, was born, June 
 i8th, 1825. He is the second son of four children, 
 the issue of John Pliggins and Parnelle Ashley. 
 11 is father was a native of Vermont, an agricul- 
 turist and lawyer, who settled in Knox county, 
 Ohio, in 1810. Here he accumulated consider- 
 able property, was prominently identified with public enter- 
 prises, and died March 1st, 1874. The mother of our sub- 
 ject was born in New Hampshire, and died in 1831, while 
 Thomas was but six years of age. Deprived so early in life 
 of a mother’s tender care, it wouUl not have been surprising 
 if he had grown up with a less vigorous moral constitution. 
 Happily the wise guidance of his father gave bent and force 
 to his good inclinations and fitted him for a useful part in 
 life. Until his seventeenth year he alternated between the 
 farm in the summer and the district school in the winter. 
 He did not confine himself to the restricted curriculum of 
 the country school, but extended his course 'of reading to 
 works of a higher order. In 1S45 he entered Oberlin Col- 
 lege, where for several years he applied himself industriously 
 to the classics and general literature. During his collegiate 
 course he taught school for one term. In 1850 he went to 
 the law school at Balston Spa, New York, and was subse- 
 quently admitted to the bar at Albany, New York. He next 
 located at Buffalo, pursuing his profession for about one year, 
 when he went to New York city, remaining there for three 
 years. In 1S55 Mr. Higgins went abroad and spent one 
 year in travelling through Great Britain. In Dublin he met 
 Miss Isabella Wade, daughter of Mr. Samuel Wade, a prom- 
 inent wool merchant of that city. Shortly before leaving 
 for home in 1856 he was united in marriage with Miss 
 Wade. Returning to this country, he wrote and published 
 “ The Crooked Elm, or Life by the Wayside,” a book which 
 was well received and met with a large sale. In 1858 Mr. 
 Higgins took up his residence at Toledo, Ohio, where he 
 practised law until i860, when he removed to Waverly, 
 Pike county, his present home. In 1861 he recruited Com- 
 pany B, 73d Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and went to the front 
 with a captain’s commission. He bore a creditable part in 
 the memorable battles of Cross Keys, Chancellorsville, 
 Gettysburg, Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Raccoon 
 Ridge, Missionary Ridge, Peach Tree Creek and Atlanta, 
 and marched with Sherman to the sea. At Resaca he was 
 wounded in the left side by a Minie ball, and in the head 
 in the last battle in North Carolina. His gallantry on the 
 field secured him first a Major’s and then a Lieutenant- 
 Colonel’s commission. During part of his service he com- 
 
BIOGRAPiilCAL ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 469 
 
 mnnded his regiment. He was mustered out in 1865, and 
 returned to his home in Waverly. He has achieved an 
 enviable reputation as a lawyer and literateur. He takes 
 great interest in popular education, and has been more or 
 less identified with the schools of Pike county. Whether 
 as a lawyer, writer, or soldier. Colonel Pliggins has dis- 
 played a character remarkable for industry and integrity. 
 Frank and affable of manner, he has gained the respect of 
 all who know him. In politics he is a Democrat. In re- 
 ligious feeling he is bound by no particular church limita- 
 tions. He is one of Pike county’s most prominent citizens. 
 
 W /f>UBBARD, WILLIAM BLACKSTONE, Lawyer, 
 Bank President, Railroad President and States 
 man, was born at Utica, New York, August 26lh, 
 1795, and after receiving an academical educa- 
 tion studied law with Silas Storr, a maternal 
 uncle; and, having completed his studies accord- 
 in<T to the then custom prevalent in the profession, removed 
 to St. Clairsville, Ohio, and commenced the practice of his 
 profession in 1816. His location and rapidly increasing 
 business soon brought him into contact and competition 
 with some of the best minds of his profession then west of 
 the Allegheny mountains. It w'as not long until, by his 
 talents, industry and energy, he placed himself abreast 
 with and became the rival and compeer of such distin- 
 guished lawyers as Charles Hammond, of St. Clairsville, 
 Benjamin Tappan, John C. W’right and John M. Gooden- 
 ough, of Steubenville, and Philip Dodridge, of Wheeling, 
 Virginia. His ability and success at the bar were so 
 marked as to commend him to popular favor, and he was 
 repeatedly chosen to represent the people of his county and 
 district in the House of Representatives and Senate of the 
 State, and was one time chosen to preside over, the House 
 of Representatives, in which position his readiness, in- 
 dustry, skill and impartiality in the discharge of his duties 
 secured for him the unanimous approval of that distin- 
 guished body of representative men. In 1817 he married 
 the beautiful and interesting daughter of Sterling Johnston, 
 Esq., of St. Clairsville, who proved to be a judicious and 
 faithful companion, and by whom he had eight children, 
 five of whom survived at the time of his decease. Mr. 
 Hubbard was an ardent and enthusiastic F'ree Mason ; he 
 was Master of a lodge at St. Clairsville and at Columbus, 
 representing each at various times in the Grand Lodge of 
 the State, in which he was elevated to the Oriental chair, 
 and served with distinction for many years. Previous to 
 his election as Grand Master of the Grand Lodge its affairs 
 had fallen into a state of demoralization and disorder, but 
 during his administration it was resuscitated, and order, 
 activity and prosperity assumed the places of confusion, 
 lethargy and embarrassment. His eminent success as 
 
 Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ohio designated him 
 as a suitable person for the highest office in Templar 
 Masonry in the United States. He was elected Grand 
 Master of the Grand Encampment of the United States in 
 1847, which capacity he served with great distinction for 
 twelve years. When he was elected to preside over the 
 Grand Encampment it was weak in numbers and its inllu- 
 ence insignificant. By his talent, knowledge and industry 
 he soon raised it to the highest state of organization, pros- 
 perity and influence. He was eminently qualified for 
 financial pursuits, to which he gave much attention and in 
 which he met with great success. . He was President of a 
 local bank in St. Clairsville; President of the Exchange 
 Bank of Columbus, under what was known as Kelly’s 
 banking law ; President of the F'irst National Bank of 
 Columbus (the first national bank organized in the capital 
 of Ohio), and died in the occupancy of that position. The 
 Hon. S. P. Chase, while Governor of Ohio, and afterwards 
 as Secretary of the 'Treasury of the United States, consulted 
 Mr. Hubbard upon financial questions, and held his opin- 
 ions in high estimation. In science, literature, philosophy 
 and the arts he was as well versed as any man of his time. 
 He was a close student, and there were few subjects of in- 
 terest that he did not make himself thoroughly master of. 
 His memory was remarkable and retained everything he 
 read; his fund of information was, therefore, large, varied 
 and ready at command ; his conversational powers were of 
 a superior order, and in his hours of relaxation from study 
 and business he was a most genial and interesting com- 
 panion. He was a Trustee of the Ohio University, from 
 which he received the degree of LL. D.; was President 
 of the Columbus & Xenia Railroad Company; founder and 
 first President of Green Lawn Cemetery; and was appointed 
 on the committee that visited Washington City in the in- 
 terests of Columbus, to procure the location of the United 
 States Arsenal at the capital of Ohio. Of large public 
 spirit, he was connected with and fostered all the railroads 
 entering at Columbus and all the local improvements of his 
 day. He died January 5th, 1866. 
 
 .ANNEY, JOHN JAY, was born near Goose Creek 
 Meeting House, Loudon county, Virginia, on 
 April 25th, 1812. His parents were members of 
 the religious Society of Friends. The founder 
 of the family emigrated to tliis country with 
 William Penn, in 1683, and his descendants 
 have constituted a large and infiuential portion of the 
 Society of P'riends since that time. It is believed that the 
 immediate line of descent of the subject of this sketch has 
 been an unbroken one of farmers from its beginning in 
 this country. His father dying when he was but one 
 month old, both mother and child returned to her father’s 
 
4/0 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 house, in whose family lie lived until his twentieth year. 
 He commenced attending the Friends’ school at Goose 
 Creek Meeting House when about six years old, and con- 
 tinued in said school until his fifteenth year, and during 
 the winter until his nineteenth, working on the farm during 
 the summers of the last four years. In his twentieth year 
 he attended a day school in Alexandria six months, de- 
 voting his time to “ Euclid’s Elements,” beyond which and 
 algebraic equations of the third degree his school studies 
 never went. In his twentieth year, becoming dissatisfied 
 with slavery and its influences, he left his native State and 
 removed to Warren county, Ohio, where he spent fifteen 
 years, from 1833 to 1848, being engaged in teaching a 
 country and village school and land surveying, with a short 
 experiment at merchandising. During the winters of 
 1844-45-46-47 he served as Assistant Clerk in the House 
 of Representatives of Ohio, during his service becoming 
 acquainted with and gaining the friendship of many of the 
 leading men of the State, and he has been often heard to 
 express great gratification at never having had anything to 
 interfere with the friendships so formed. In the fall of 
 1847 the Hon. Samuel Galloway, then Secretary of State, 
 offered Mr. Janney the position of chief clerk in his office, 
 which was accepted and held during Mr. Galloway’s term, 
 at the expiration of which his successor, Hon. Henry W. 
 King, wished him to continue in the position he held, but 
 he had been elected, without his owm knowledge. Secretary 
 of the Board of Control of the State Bank of Ohio, which 
 position he accepted May 1st, 1851, and held until the ex- 
 piration of the charter, in 1865. He then served as Chief 
 Clerk in the Columbus Post-office one year, when he was 
 elected Secretary and Treasurer of the Columbus & Hock- 
 ing Valley Railroad Company, which position he now 
 holds. In his youth he was noted among his playmates 
 and acquaintances for his fondness for study. He read 
 everything he could get hold of, and has been heard to 
 regret that he was not born twenty-five years later, so that 
 he could have read the Atlantic or Scribner in his boyhood. 
 His mind at an early age was deeply interested in science, 
 and without ever having devoted himself to any particular 
 branch, so as to become in any sense a scholar, he has 
 acquired a superficial acquaintance with nearly all branches 
 of natural science. He has always been an active and 
 earnest friend of ])ublic schools. He wrote and published, 
 soon after removing to Ohio, an address in favor of free 
 public schools, and of requiring every child of suitable age 
 and organization to spend a portion of its time in them. 
 He aided in establishing a circulating library in Spring- 
 borough, where he first resided after his removal to Ohio, 
 which is still in successful existence, and, upon his removal 
 to Columbus, aided in establishing the Athenaeum Library 
 and Reading-room, and drafted and had passed through 
 the City Council the ordinance establishing the now flour- 
 ishing Free Public Library and Reading-room of that city. 
 He has been repeatedly elected and appointed to municipal 
 
 offices, village, township, city and corporation, having been 
 a member of the Board of Health, Board of Education, 
 Board of Police Commissioners, Director of the Ohio Peni- 
 tentiary, member of the City Council and Secretary of the 
 Republican State Committee. He has held some public 
 trust, he has occupied some public position, involving 
 some degree of trust, during forty years of his life, and has 
 always fulfilled his duty with fidelity. He was raised a 
 Whig, inheriting anti-slavery sentiments, and therefore 
 needed no conversion to become a Republican. He has 
 been, since his boyhood, a warm advocate of the temper- 
 ance cause, having spoken and written freely on the sub- 
 ject. He wrote and distributed ten thousand copies of a 
 tract against the license to retail intoxicating drinks, at the 
 time that question was last submitted to the people of 
 Ohio, in 1874. Mr. Janney was married in 1835 to 
 Rebecca Anne Smith, then a citizen of Pennsylvania, but 
 a native of the same county as himself. 
 
 ;LACKBURN, JOSEPH MARTIN, Architect and 
 Builder, was born, November 25th, 1820, at 
 Cudworth, West Riding, Yorkshire, England. 
 He was educated at the national schools of his 
 native place. At the age of fourteen years he 
 left school and "home to learn the trade of archi- 
 tect, carpenter and builder. He entered himself for in- 
 struction with William & Thomas Topam, at Ackworth, 
 near Pontifract, Yorkshire. Here he served an apprentice- 
 ship of seven years, thoroughly mastering the practical 
 details of his trade and devoting his leisure hours to study- 
 ing the theory of architecture. At the close of his appren- 
 ticeship Mr. Blackburn spent about four years at Ackworth, 
 being empioyed as architect and superintendent in the con- 
 struction of the most prominent buildings there at that 
 time. Impressed with the belief that the new world 
 offered a broader and better field than the old for ability 
 and industry, he resolved to come to America and try his 
 fortune. He landed at New York, July 4lh, 1850. On the 
 15th of the same month he went to Cleveland, Ohio, 
 where he has since resided. Mr. Blackburn has been the 
 architect and builder of many of the finest private and 
 public structures in Ohio, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Illinois, 
 Wisconsin and the District of Columbia. He planned and 
 built the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, at Columbus, Ohio, one 
 of the largest and finest public buildings in the country. 
 He was also the architect of the Central Ohio Insane 
 Asylum. Mr. Elackburn has made it the rule of his life to 
 give his strict and personal attention to the execution of 
 every commission intrusted to him. His works stand as so 
 many monuments of faithful, conscientious discharge of 
 duty. By pursuing an upright, straightforward course he 
 has earned an enviable reputation as a correct business 
 man and a citizen of high standing. January 1st, 1848, he 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.'EDIA. 
 
 471 
 
 married Elizabeth Ann Walls, at Pontifract, Yorkshire, 
 England, by whom he has had nine children, five now 
 
 livins 
 
 ' " 'Riddle, william P., Law'yer, W'as born, April 
 3d, 1837, in Hamilton county, Ohio. He is the 
 son of William P. Biddle and Mary C. Parker, 
 and the grandson of Rev. William H. Biddle, 
 who settled in Hamilton county in 1822, where 
 William P.’s parents now reside. The subject 
 of this sketch attended school in winter and worked on a 
 farm in summer until the fall of 1854, when he entered the 
 P'armer’s College of Ohio, then at its best. He remained 
 at the Farmer’s College until the fall of 1857, when he 
 taught in the schools of his native county. In 1858 he 
 entered Gundry’s Commercial College, then the leading in- 
 stitution of its kind in the Western States. Graduating 
 from here in October of the same year he immediately be- 
 came an instructor in that institution. In the meantime he 
 read law, and, October 1st, 1859, entered the law office of 
 Hon. Bellamy Storer, at the same time beginning a course 
 at the Cincinnati Law' School. He graduated frrnn the 
 law school in April, i860, and was admitted to the bar in 
 the same month. He opened a law office in Cincinnati 
 and continued studying at the law school. He has since 
 practised his profession in Cincinnati, receiving business of 
 an important character and establishing a reputation as a 
 safe and capable attorney. In April, 1875, he w'as elected, 
 as a Democrat, to the Board of Aldermen from the Twenty- 
 second Ward, which had been largely Republican. Pie is 
 Chairman of the Committee of Investigation on the Water- 
 works and a member of several of the most important 
 standing committees of the Board of Aldermen. March 
 4th, 1861, he married Abba E., daughter of Hiram and 
 Cordelia Rogers, of Cincinnati, w'ho died .September 4th, 
 1864, leaving a son and daughter. July 13th, 1871, he 
 married Lavinia, daughter of Christopher Wardal, of Ham- 
 ilton county, Ohio. 
 
 ANNEY, RUFUS P., LL. D., Law'yer and Jurist 
 W'as born at Blandford, Hampden county. Mas 
 sachusetts, October 13th, 1813, and is the sot 
 of Rufus Ranney, a farmer of Scotch descent 
 and of Dottie I). Blair, of revolutionary stock 
 The family moved to P'reedom, Portage county 
 Ohio, in 1824, and w'ere among the pioneers of the “ Nev 
 Connecticut,” then a western frontier covered with at 
 almost unbroken forest. His early life was thus spent it 
 the log cabin, and he assisted in felling the primitive fores 
 trees of the wilderness of the new home. His early oppor 
 tunities for acquiring an education were very limited. Ye 
 he managed, by great perseverance, manual labor ant 
 
 school teaching, to enter, before he was of age, the 
 academy at Nelson, Portage county, w'here he fitted for 
 college. To obtain a suit of clothes of respectable appear- 
 ance to enter college he cut cord wood at twenty-five cents 
 per cord. Pie entered the Western Reserve College, but 
 circumstances prevented him from graduating. When 
 twenty-two years of age, with only his clothing in which he 
 was dressed and one extra shirt, which he carried in the 
 top of his hat, he w'alked to Jefferson, Ashtabula county, 
 and commenced reading law’ in the office of Messrs. Joshua 
 R. Gicldings & Plenjamin F. Wade. One year later he was 
 admitted to the bar and into partnership with Mr. Wade, 
 Mr. Giddings having been elected to Congress. Wade & 
 Ranney were eminent law’yers until 1845, "hen Mr. Ran- 
 ney removed to Warren, Trumbull county. He w'as nomi- 
 nated, by the Democrats, to Congress in 1846, and again in 
 1848, but the Whigs being so largely in the majority he 
 was defeated each time. In 1850 he w'as elected to repre- 
 sent Trumbull and Geauga counties in the Constitutional 
 Convention, which W’as held in Columbus and Cincinnati 
 in 1850-51. He served with distinction on the Judiciary, 
 Revision, Amendment and several other committees. Al- 
 though but thirty-six years of age, the debates show' that his 
 speeches were as pow’erful as those of the oldest and ablest 
 membel'S. The counties he represented warmly approved 
 of his course in the convention. The Legislature elected 
 him to the bench of the Supreme Court, and w'hen the new 
 constitution w'ent into effect he was re-elected Judge of the 
 same court by a large vote. In 1857 he resigned his place 
 on the bench of the Supreme Court. In 1S56 he was a 
 member of the National Convention, in Cincinnati, which 
 nominated James Buchanan for President, and that year 
 removed to Cleveland and became a member of the law 
 firm of Ranney, Backus & Noble, and soon after was ap- 
 pointed by the President to fill the office of United States 
 District Attorney. The office he did not .solicit, and, not 
 pleased with its duties, resigned it in a few months. In 
 1862 the Democratic party nominated him as a candidate 
 for Supreme Judge; he declined, but the convention posi- 
 tively refused to accept his resignation, and he w'as elected 
 in spite of his ow’n wishes. His partner, P'ranklin T. 
 Backus, was the candidate of the Republicans, and as that 
 party were in the majority he expected Mr. Backus to be 
 elected — indeed he w'ould have been willing to have gone 
 into the canvass for his partner, had he supposed it neces- 
 sary, but none rejoiced at his success more than his op- 
 ponent, Mr. Backus. He resigned the Judgeship in 1864. 
 His decisions gave him a national reputation, and can be 
 found in XY. “ Ohio Reports,” running to and including 
 V. “Ohio State,” and beginning in the XIV. “Ohio 
 State” and continuing to and including XV. “Ohio 
 .State.” In 1864 he was a member of the convention 
 which nominated General George B. McClellan for the 
 Presidency. His physical and mental strength w'as re- 
 markably great, and enabled him to master the greatest 
 
472 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 difficulties by long continued efforts. Although his oppor- 
 tunities to acquire a classical education were meagre, yet in 
 later life he became a fine classical scholar. Nearly all the 
 accessible books on science and art he became almost as 
 familiar with as their authors. The Codes Justinian and 
 the Code Napoleon he perused in their own languages. Plis 
 mind was so richly stored he had no trouble in retaining the 
 closest attention of his audiences. His best monuments are 
 his decisions, which are so clear and sound iii law that they 
 will ever be referred to with pride hy every legal citizen of 
 Ohio. In 1S71 he received from the Western Reserve Col- 
 lege the degree of Doctor of Laws. It was unexpected and 
 unsolicited, and at that time was the only instance in which 
 such an honor had been conferred. In politics he has ever 
 been a Democrat in the best sense of that word — never a 
 politician, as it was with the greatest difficulty that he could 
 be persuaded to accept an office. In 1862, by request of 
 Governor Tod, he travelled through a portion of central 
 Ohio to persuade the people to fill the quotas of the Federal 
 troops called for by the President. He entered into this 
 work with his whole soul, and with his great eloquence told 
 the people that the American institutions were at stake. No 
 man in Ohio has a larger number of acquaintances and 
 friends, the result of his great kindness, courtesy and benevo- 
 lence. He is now engaged in all the great railroad, com- 
 mercial and patent cases which involve severe and contested 
 litigation. He has been spoken of as a candidate for the 
 Presidency. 
 
 S OWNSHEND, HON. NORTON S., M. D., was 
 born, December 25th, l8i5,at Clay Coaton, North- 
 amptonshire, England. At an early age he was 
 placed in a boarding school at Bitteswell, near Sut- 
 terworth, where he made good progress in element- 
 ary English studies. In the spring of 1830 his 
 father and mother, Joel and Rebecca (Norton) Townshend, 
 emigrated to the United States, and bought a farm in Avon, 
 Lorain county, Ohio. Here he remained at work on the 
 farm, with the exception of a winter term spent in teach- 
 ing the district school, until he attained his majority. In 
 1837 he commenced the study of medicine in the office of 
 Dr. R. L. Howard, of Elyria, subsequently professor of 
 surgery in Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio. 
 The winter of 1837 was spent in attendance on medical 
 lectures at Cincinnati Medical College; the winter of 1839 
 at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, 
 where he took his degree at the close of the term in 1840. 
 From New York he went to London, Paris, Edinburgh and 
 Dublin, spending in medical studies in those cities .some- 
 thing more than a year. Returning to Ohio he commenced 
 the practice of medicine and surgery in Elyria in 1843, and 
 in the same year was married to Harriet N., daughter of 
 James B. Wood, PNq., of Avon, Ohio. Politically, Dr. 
 Townshend was identified with the Liberty party. In 1848 
 
 he was elected to the lower branch of the Ohio Legislature, 
 and was one of those who secured the repeal of what were 
 known as the “ Black Laws,” and the election of Hon. S. 
 P. Chase to the United States Senate. In 1850 he was 
 elected to the Constitutional Convention that framed the 
 present Constitution of the State, and soon after was chosen 
 a member of the Thirty-second Congress. Before going to 
 Washington, Dr. Townshend had discontinued the practice 
 of medicine and removed his family from Elyria to the old 
 home in Avon. In 1853 he was elected to the State Senate, 
 but had scarcely taken his seat before he was called home 
 by the illness and death of Mrs. Townshend. During that 
 session he introduced a bill to establish a State institution 
 for the education and care of imbecile and feeble-minded 
 youth. Two years afterwards, when a similar bill was 
 passed, he was appointed a trustee of the institution, a trust 
 he continues to hold by virtue of subsequent appointments. 
 Toward the close of 1854 he was married to Margaret A. 
 Bailey, of Columbus. In 1855-56-57 he was associated 
 with other gentlemen in the endeavor to establish an Agri- 
 cultural College in northern Ohio, an undertaking which 
 did not prove a permanent success. In 1858 he w'as chpsen 
 a member of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture, was three 
 times re-elected, and was twice President of the Board. In 
 1859 he was a Delegate to the Convention at Chicago, 
 w’hich nominated Mr. Lincoln for the Presidency. Early in 
 1863 he received the appointment of Medical Inspector 
 United States Army, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, 
 and discharged the duties of that office to the end of the 
 war. In 1867 he accepted a Professorship in the Iowa 
 State Agricultural College, but resigned the place at the 
 end of the succeeding year. About this time he became a 
 member of the American Association for the Advancement 
 of Science. The Ohio Legislature in 1S70 having deter- 
 mined to establish an Agricultural and Mechanical College, 
 in accordance with the law of Congress donating lands to the 
 States for that purpose. Dr. Townshend was one of the trus- 
 tees chosen to carry the measure into effect. When the 
 college W'as opened at Columbus in 1873, he w'as appointed 
 to the Professorship of Agriculture, to which department 
 botany and veterinary medicine were temporarily attached. 
 The acceptance of this appointment necessitated his removal 
 to Columbus, of which city he is now a resident. 
 
 PPLEGATE, JOHN WALL, Attorney- at-Law, 
 was born in Princeton, New' Jersey, February 23d, 
 1818. His father, engaged through life in agri- 
 cultural pursuits, was an active participant in the 
 war of 1812. He received a liberal general edu- 
 cation at Genesee Falls, New York. He subse- 
 quently followed the trade of carriage-making in his native 
 State until he had attained his tw'enty-third year. He then 
 pursued for about three years a course of literary study in 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 473 
 
 Genesee P'alls College, and upon graduating from that insti- 
 tution was appointed as one of its tutors, and was engaged 
 in teaching during several succeeding years. In 1841 he 
 removed to Ohio, and after applying himself for a time to 
 the study of law under the instructions of Judge Timothy 
 Walker, of Cincinnati — always his warm and intimate friend 
 — began the practice of his profession in this city in 1844. 
 From that time until 1874, the date of his demise, he was 
 constantly and successfully engaged in professional labors, 
 lie always manifested a persistent aversion to office-holding, 
 his practice being too extensive, moreover, to allow him 
 leisure for political operations. Through life he was noted 
 for his zealous interest in the cause of educational reform, 
 and for many years was prominently identified with the ac- 
 tions of the local School Board. A love of family associa- 
 tions and domestic life characterized him socially; and at 
 an early age he became an earnest and devout member of 
 the Methodist Church. For many years he was an esteemed 
 member of the Wesley Chapel, of Cin:innati. Politically he 
 was an uncompromising “Jackson Democrat,” but during 
 the war of the rebellion distinguished himself as an active 
 opponent of that branch of the Democratic party, known as 
 “the Peace Party.” He was a man of quick and generous 
 sensibilities, fond of intellectual conversation, and possessed 
 a well-balanced mind, stored with varied and valuable 
 learning. He was married in 1848 to Mary Williams, of 
 Cincinnati. Six children were born of this marriage, and 
 at the time of his decease the four youngest were living. 
 
 EGUR, D.VNIEL, Merchant and Real Estate 
 Dealer, was born, 1812, in Herkimer county. New 
 York, and is the fourth of a family of eight chil- 
 dren. His paternal ancestry were of French ante- 
 cedents, having emigrated to Rhode Island in the 
 early part of the seventeenth centuiy, to escape 
 the persecutions levelled against the Huguenots. His 
 grandfather was a Brigadier-General of the Rhode Island 
 Colonial Militia under George HI., and was one of the first 
 colonial officers who declared for the independence of the 
 colonies after the promulgation of the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence. Being a man of means he invested his property 
 in continental scrip, to aid the Congress to carry on the revo- 
 lutionary war, and although he was the owner of landed 
 estates, he fell into straitened circumstances, in consequence 
 of the repudiation of the continental currency. With him 
 the parents of Daniel removed from Rhode Island to Herki- 
 mer county. New York, where he died, after suffering years 
 of invalidism consequent upon wounds received during the 
 revolutionary conflict. In t8l5 Daniel’s parents removed to 
 Oneida county in the same State, where his father engaged 
 in farming and miiling. At that period Oneida county was 
 an unsettled wilderness, the Indians from whom it derived 
 its name had not been removed to Western reservations, and 
 60 
 
 Daniel, in his infancy and early childhood, became inured to 
 the adventurous life and the hardships and privations every- 
 where incident to pioneer life; and he was thereby pecu- 
 liarly well fitted to encounter them again in his early man- 
 hood, in the newly settled districts of Ohio. The severe 
 labors and hardships that he was obliged to endure in a new 
 country, as well as the maintenance of a large family, ren- 
 dered his father prematurely aged ; and he succumbed to 
 disease in his forty-fifth year. Upon Daniel the support of 
 his mother, of an invalid sister, and numerous younger 
 brothers, chiefly devolved. Having evinced talent for the 
 legal profession, it had been the wish of his father to edu- 
 cate him therefor, but the early death of his parent rendered 
 it necessary for Daniel to leave school, and give all his at- 
 tention, time and energy to immediate remunerative labors. 
 When but fifteen years of age he took leave of the family, 
 and went to Utica, where he found employment in a hotel. 
 Reserving a scanty pittance for his own wants, he remitted 
 monthly the greater part of his earnings to his mother. His 
 industry, perseverance and sobriety attracted the attention 
 of Henry Huntington, a wealthy and influential citizen of 
 Rome, New York, who was at that time President of the 
 Bank of Utica. This gentleman offered to send him to 
 school, and take him under his patronage, but his elder 
 brother, who had established himself in business at Buffalo, 
 had written to Daniel to join him there, and, imbued with a 
 desire of going farther West, he removed to Buffalo, and 
 became clerk of the Mansion House, at that period its lead- 
 ing hotel. The Mansion House was a favorite resort with 
 the travelling public, who, in those days of stage-coaches, 
 frequently rested there for days, before resuming their jour- 
 neys. The then prominent men of Buffalo also passed many 
 of their evenings within its portals. Among those of its 
 guests whose names have become historical was Joseph 
 Smith, the Mormon prophet. Mr. Segur’s reminis- 
 cences of the great impostor may be appropriately men- 
 tioned. He relates, that during the autumn of 1830, while 
 a convivial company of Buffalo’s leading social spirits were 
 gathered in the office of the Mansion House, among whom 
 he remembers George P. Barker, subsequently Attorney- 
 General of New York, Stephen K. Grosvenir, John G. 
 Camp, and Henry Miller, the door opened, and Ira Bird, 
 the proprietor of a line of stages from Westfield, entered with 
 a quaint, antiquated-looking man, whose eyes, “ in a fine 
 frenzy rolling,” gave the company the idea that he was an 
 escaped lunatic. Bird introduced him as a “ natural cu- 
 riosity,” named Joseph Smith ; and “ why a natural 
 curiosity? ” was the query. “ Because,” replied Bird, “ he 
 has a new revelation, which is going to turn all sinners into 
 saints. He has a manuscript which will explain itself.” 
 The company manifesting curiosity to see the manuscript, 
 Joseph Smith was induced to produce it. Itrawing it from 
 his coat pocket, it was handed to Attorney Barker, who, 
 from a mischievous inclination to create merriment at the 
 I expense of its owner, began reading therefrom. The re- 
 
474 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 semblance of its composition to the Bible caused several 
 members of the company to regard it as a blasphemous 
 work, while others believed Smith to be an escaped lunatic 
 or a religious monomaniac, who had written it himself. 
 Barker, taking the latter view, threw it towards the fire, 
 with an exclamation of contempt, and as it fell immediately 
 before the grate. Smith grew frantic and screamed out, 
 “ Oil ! for God’s sake, do not burn my jirecious book ; it 
 has been written from tablets of stone, found buried at my 
 farm at Palmyra, and discovered in a miraculous manner 
 tlirough dreams. I was led by the angels of the Lord to the 
 place where the stone tablets were found buried in a quarry. 
 The tablets were written in Greek, and I have mortgaged 
 my farm to obtain money to search for a Greek scholar to 
 translate and transcribe thein.”" Barker replied to him, 
 “ Oh, the same stones will be just as good to write another 
 similar humbug of a book;” and he took up the manu- 
 .script before Smith could reach it, and feigning to throw it 
 into the fire again, “ The .stone tablets dissolved the instant 
 they were copied,” shouted Smith, in apparent agony, run- 
 ning towards Barker with outstretched arms — “ and can 
 never be replaced. Oh ! gentlemen, give me my precious 
 manuscript, or I shall be ruined, and the world will lose the 
 revelation which will make all sinners saints.” Barker was 
 now threateningly holding it over the fire, when Smith ap- 
 pealed to Segur, saying, “ Young man, you appear quick 
 and nimble ; give me my precious papers, and I will begone 
 from this company of accursed heathen.” A pretended 
 scuffle for its possession ensued between Barker and Segur, 
 which ended by the former yielding it to the latter, who 
 restored it to Smith, and advised him to retire and avoid 
 further trouble. The next morning Smith left Buffalo, and 
 in the following spring returned with a large bag filled with 
 Mormon Bibles; he had succeeded in having them pub- 
 lished in the East, and was returning home. When he 
 reached Westfield, Ira Bird, who had figured so conspicu- 
 ously in the scene at the Mansion House, just referred to, 
 either removed the books himself, or caused them to be re- 
 moved, and filled the bag with blocks of wood. Smith 
 failed to discover the deception until he reached Erie, when 
 he was forced to retncc his journey as far as Westfield, 
 where he succeeded in finding his missing property. Little 
 did the mischief-loving revellers, who so tormented Joseph 
 Smith at this period, think of the power and influence for 
 evil which the manuscript, they came so near destroying, 
 compassed. They regarded him as a harmless old fanatic, 
 about whose idiosyncrasies it was perfectly safe to joke, who 
 would never be heard of save in their own little social 
 sphere. It was afterwards ascertained that Smith had found 
 the manuscript in the garret of a house, in which some of 
 his friends had resided in Conneaught. The house had 
 been previously inhabited by a clergyman of literary ability, 
 who had beguiled his leisure hours in its production, and 
 subsequently had cast it aside as worthless amid a barrel of 
 old sermons. In 1832 Daniel removed to Cleveland, where. 
 
 with his eldest brother, he kept the Mansion House, pros- 
 pering pecuniarily, until the autumn of 1835, when the 
 hotel was destroyed by fire. In the following spring he re- 
 moved to Toledo, and began keeping a hotel in what was 
 then known as the “Mansion House,” a large wooden 
 building, situated between Lagrange and Locust streets. 
 At this period the speculative mania was at its height. 
 Many Eastern people with plethoric pocket-books filled with 
 Van Buren’s pet bank-notes, looked upon Toledo and 
 vicinity as a modern El Dorado for investments, and en- 
 tered the public lands for many miles around it, believing 
 that in so doing they had secured a gold mine. As money 
 seemed abundant, hotel-keeping was a remunerative occu- 
 pation, and Mr. .Segur acquired a comfortable compe- 
 tence. Lhifortunately for him, however, he was induced to 
 embark in a more extensive and pretentious hotel enterprise, 
 and leaving the Mansion House, he completed a new hotel 
 then being erected, known as the “American,” at the corner 
 of Elm and Summit streets, and removed thither. The 
 financial depression consequent upon the specie circular of 
 General Jackson was a severe blow to the prosperity of 
 Toledo. The speculative mania ended, and through the 
 inability of some to meet their pecuniary engagements, and 
 the dishonesty of others, together with the general business 
 depression, Mr. Segur lost every dollar he had amassed, 
 and again began life as poor in purse as when he left his 
 home in New York State. In 1838 he served his first term 
 as a member of the City Council of Toledo, and from that 
 time to the present has been, with but l)rief interruptions, 
 connected with municipal affairs, and has also held numerous 
 minor city and county offices. In 1842 he was elected 
 Street Commissioner, and during that year Cherry street was 
 opened under his supervision, through morasses, swamps, 
 and a wilderness of jungles, from the Manhattan Canal to 
 Tremainsville. He was re-elected two years subsequently 
 to the same office, and under his supervision a very exten- 
 sive series of grades were projected and executed, which at 
 that time was regarded as a herculean undertaking. Water 
 street was graded from Monroe street to La Grange ; and 
 ■Summit street from Perry to Elm, including the grading of 
 the intervening and cross streets from Summit to Water 
 street, as far as La Grange street. The Whig party, of 
 which he had been a prominent member, had now come 
 into power, and he received in 1845 the appointment of 
 Collector of Canal Tolls, a position which he held for six 
 years. During this period his salary was about fifty dollars 
 per month, and scanty as it was he contrived, aside from 
 supporting his mother and younger brothers, to invest small 
 sums in real estate in Toledo and vicinity; and from this 
 humble beginning has now grown a comfortable competence. 
 Unlike many dealers in real estate, he never oppressed. the 
 poor nor the laboring classes, nor did he take advantage of 
 their misfortunes when tliey were unable to meet their pecu- 
 niary engagements; frequently waiting ten years after mort- 
 gages were due, and after the law gave him power to fore- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 475 
 
 clvose them. To this lenity many a now prosperous citizen 
 of the Fifth ward can bear witness. In the si.\ years during 
 which he held tlie office of Collector of Canal Tolls he had 
 handled nearly half a million dollars of State funds, and in 
 less than a week after resigning the position to his successor 
 his accounts were settled without a deficit of a single penny. 
 Having always entertained conservative views upon the 
 slavery question, when, in 1855, the Whig party embraced 
 an anti-slavery platform, with .Salmon P. Chase as one 
 of its leaders, he united with the Democratic party, to 
 which he has since ailhered ; although whenever he has 
 been a candidate for any municipal office he has com- 
 manded a majority of the suffrages of the Republican, Demo- 
 cratic and Prohibitionist parties, all seeming to forget politi- 
 cal doctrines and sympathies, and to take into account his 
 efficiency and fitness for the position. In 1858 he was ap- 
 pointed Deputy Collector of Customs, a position which he 
 held until the close of the administration of President 
 Buchanan. Since that date he has held no remunerative 
 office, although connected for the past six years with the 
 municipal government. He has been engaged in various 
 industrial pursuits, including farming, the dairy business, to- 
 bacco culture, real estate dealer, and merchandise; at 
 present he carries on a retail boot and shoe store, also 
 merchant tailoring, ready-made clothing and furnishing 
 goods. Whenever he returned from his temporary removal 
 beyond the city limits for the purpose of farming, he 
 was unanimously elected to the Council or Aldermanic 
 Board, and is now the presiding officer of the latter. In 
 1872, when the present system of water works was inau- 
 gurated, he, being in favor of the direct supply system, met 
 with most determined opposition from the advocates of the 
 stand-pipe scheme, a portion of the local press became 
 bitterly opposed to him, and accused him of being engaged 
 in a “ring” for personal purposes. He demanded an in- 
 vestigation, and the one who had been his chief accuser 
 acknowledged that he had been mistaken. Though unsuc- 
 cessful in relieving the city from a useless expenditure, as 
 he believ'ed, of half a million of dollars, his constituents re- 
 turned him to the Council by a handsome majority of the 
 votes of all parties. He has been repeatedly urged to be- 
 come a candidate for offices of more distinction, but he has 
 preferred to devote his time and energies to the develop- 
 ment and progress of the city, where he hasn esided for forty 
 years. Although somewhat enfeebled with the effects of 
 the malaria — which was one of the greatest obstacles the city 
 had to contend with in its infancy — he bears his age remark- 
 ably well, and is very active in the prosecution of both 
 public and private business, and from present indications 
 can still reasonably hope for years of future usefulness. 
 He was married in 1841 to Lucy Keeler, daughter of one 
 of the pioneers of Toledo. She died childless after a brief 
 union of one year. Ten years subsequently he was united 
 in marriage to Rosa L. Klinge, who had acquired some 
 local reputation as a journalist, which has been subsequently 
 
 increased by years of editorial contribution to the Toledo 
 Commercial, the Toledo Blade, and several local monthlies. 
 By this union he has two surviving children, a son and a 
 daughter. 
 
 C,- 
 
 ^(.WiVORIMORE, ANDREW J., M. D., was horn, Oc- 
 tober 24th, 1824, in Wooster, Ohio. He is the 
 son of James and Martha Lorimore, both natives 
 of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania. His fa- 
 ther, who was of Irish descent, was born in the 
 last year of the Revolution. His mother, who is 
 of Scotch ancestry, is now living in her eighty-fifth year. 
 His father and uncle, Samuel Lorimore, were in the war 
 of 1812, and were with General Harrison in all his cam- 
 paigns. Dr. Lorimore was educated at Vermillion, In- 
 diana. He began the practice of medicine in Monticello, 
 Indiana, in October of 1853. After residing in Indiana for 
 nine years, he located at Bryan, Williams county, Ohio, 
 where he remained for nine years more, at the end of which 
 time he settled permanently in Toledo. He has won suc- 
 cess by deserving it. After twenty-six years of active life. 
 Dr. Lorimore confines himself mostly to office practice, 
 which is sufficiently taxing. He has not taken an active 
 part in party politics, but is a close observer of the progress 
 of events. He has married three times. His first wife was 
 Sarah, daughter of Hugh McKibben, of Ashland, Ohio; his 
 second, Anna M., daughter of Samuel Stern ; and his 
 present wife, a daughter of William Morris, of Stark counly, 
 Ohio. 
 
 |EECHER, LUCAS S., Lawyer, was born in New 
 Haven county, Connecticut, March 31st, 1798. 
 He is the son of Lines and Orpha Beecher. With 
 them he went to Madison counly at the age of five 
 years, remaining there until 1816, when the family 
 moved to Genesee county. When Lucas was 
 about fourteen years of age, a hired man, with whom he was 
 working, let an axe fall on his foot, wounding him -so se- 
 riously that his left leg had to be amputated. His early 
 education was a matter of special solicitude with his parents, 
 who gave him all the advantages within reach. In the winter 
 of 1815-16 he taught school, and in the spring of the latter 
 year attended the academy at West Bloomfield, New York, 
 for one year. In 1818 he returned to Madison counly and 
 read law with Hopkins & Beecher, of Canaseraga, New York. 
 He was admitted to the bar in 1826. He began the prac- 
 tice of his profession the same year in Williamsport, Ly- 
 coming county, Pennsylvania, where he remained until 
 October, 1828, during which time he married Jane W. 
 Turk, daughter of John and Mary Turk. In 1828 he 
 moved to Sandusky, Erie county, Ohio, forming a law part- 
 nership with Hon. Eleutheros Cooke, since deceased. He 
 
476 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 subsequently joined John F. Camiibell, Esq., in the practice 
 of law, and next associated himself with Pitt Cooke, Esq., 
 of the late firm of Jay Cooke & Co. In later years he was 
 associated with Cuyler Leonard, Esq. During all these 
 years he has been a prominent man at the Sandusky bar, 
 where he is now practising at the advanced age of seventy- 
 seven years, in connection with his son, John T. Beecher. 
 Mr. Beecher’s active life is the more remarkable, since he 
 had the misfortune to lose his eyesight in 1829. He has 
 conducted many cases of importance in the course of his 
 long and useful professional career. He assisted, as an 
 attorney, in securing the charter of the old Mad River & 
 Lake Erie Railroad Company, the first railroad west of the 
 Allegheny mountains, and obtained most of the rights of 
 way for that corporation. He aided materially in having 
 Sandusky selected as the county-seat of Erie county. Mr. 
 Beecher enjoys the respect of his brother practitioners and 
 the high regard of his fellow-citizens. 
 
 ELLS, J. D., Pharmacist, and Member of the Board 
 of Aldermen of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born on a 
 farm near Marion, Ohio, June 22d, 1835. His 
 aversion to agricultural pursuits led him, in 1849, 
 though still a youth, to come to Cincinnati with 
 the purpose of entering the business arena of the 
 Queen City. Shortly after his arrival he secured employment 
 in a drug store, which in common with other pharmaceutical 
 establishments of that day was conducted in accordance 
 with the crude principles then extant. By dint of industry 
 and application, he advanced steadily in his chosen profes- 
 sion, and by close economy for years, saved from his earn- 
 ings a sum sufficient to enable him to enter upon a special 
 course of study at the college at College Hill, Ohio. Here 
 he devoted his energies to the mastery of chemistry, Latin, 
 and bookkeeping, the three great essentials for future suc- 
 cess. He kept pace with the wondrous progress of phar- 
 macy during that period, and at the present day when it has 
 developed into one of the leading and most elegant sciences 
 he is recognized as one of its most thorough and conqdete 
 devotees. His first business venture on his own account 
 was in 1859, when he opened a drug store at the corner of 
 PMurth street and Central avenue, occupying a part of the 
 present site of the Grand Hotel. In this location he steadily 
 increased his business by a rigid adherence to and enforce- 
 ment of professional rules and strict business principles. On 
 August 27th, i8bG, he was married to E. J. Coon, daughter 
 of the well-known citizen, George Coon, Esq., who has for 
 years past retired from active business. From this union 
 four children have been born — two sons and two daughters, 
 three of whom, two daughters and one son, are living. In 
 1865 Mr. Wells found it necessary to seek more ample 
 accommodations for his enlarged trade. Accordingly he 
 erected the elegant four-storied block of buildings on the 
 
 ^ northeast corner of the same streets, reserving for his own 
 ; use the corner one which he has since occupied. It is fitted 
 up with every necessary appliance and convenience for suc- 
 cessful business operations. He had been accustomed to 
 devote his whole time to his private business, but in 1873 
 he was induced to accept the nomination for Councilman 
 from his ward, and was elected to that body, where he de- 
 voted himself with such zeal to the best interests of the city, 
 that in 1875 was elected a member of the Board of 
 j Aldermen by an increased majority. His success in life, 
 j both public and private, is the legitimate result of the strict- 
 I est adherence to true economical principles, and a fearless 
 advocacy of right and justice. 
 
 i^IC KS, DAVID, Coal Merchant, was born. May 
 5th, 1819, near the town of Morrow, Warren 
 county, Ohio, and is the oldest son of .Samuel and 
 Elizabeth (Ireland) Hicks. His father was a 
 native of Kentucky, who removed to Ohio about 
 the year 1812, and settled near Hopkinsville, on 
 He had originally been a carpenter by trade, but 
 in the main he followed agricultural pursuits through life ; 
 he died on his farm near Morrow, December l6th, 1839. 
 
 [ David’s mother was a Virginian, the daughter of Thomas 
 Ireland, also one of the pioneer settlers of Warren county, 
 where he located about 1812. He was a man of sterling 
 integrity of character, and a public-spirited citizen. He 
 participated in the second war with England. Thus it will 
 be seen that the ancestors of David 1 licks were early settlers 
 in the Miami valley, and shared the dangers and vicissitudes 
 I that the pioneers of those days had to encounter. His early 
 ■ education was limited, being only that taught in the primi- 
 tive log school-house, but he has been a close reader and a 
 keen observer, and may be termed a self-educated man. 
 When not attending school he was employed on his father’s 
 farm, and when he attained his majority he commenced 
 farming on his own account, being engaged in the same 
 some two years. In 1844 he became interested in several 
 patent rights and was occupied about one year in that busi- 
 ness. He then located at Rochester, Warren county, where 
 he followed the butchering business for four years, and 
 thence removed to Morrow, where he carried on a livery 
 stable from 1849 1 ° 1852. During the last-named year, he 
 was a contractor engaged in building a portion of the Zanes- 
 ville Railroad. In 1853 he purchased a farm on the line 
 of that great improvement, and the place was named in his 
 honor I licks’ Station. He remained on the farm, constantly 
 engaged in agricultural pursuits, until 1856, when he returned 
 to Morrow, and resumed the livery Irusiness. In 1857 he 
 purchased the Virginia Hotel in that town, and in 1859 en- 
 gaged in other pursuits of a laborious nature. At the out- 
 break of the civil war in 1861 he accompanied the 4th 
 Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry to the field as Master 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 477 
 
 of Transportation ; and in 1863 filled the same position for 
 the staff train of General Burnside’s division. During the 
 remainder of the war he was stationed at Camp Nelson, 
 Kentucky, as Superintendent of the general designs of the 
 camp. He returned to Ohio in 1S65, and purchased the 
 Tremont House, Cincinnati, of which he continued the pro- 
 prietor for four years, meanwhile carrying on for a short 
 period the real estate business. In 1869 he purchased a 
 coal yard in the Twenty-fifth ward of Cincinnati, which he 
 has successfully man.aged in connection with other pursuits 
 to the present time. His political faith is that of the Demo- 
 cratic party, having given his first vote in 1840 in favor of 
 Martin Van Buren for the Presidency. From the above 
 brief statement of particulars, it will be seen that his life 
 has been an unusually varied and at the same time an active 
 one. He has been twice married. His first wife was Re- 
 becca J. Worley, a native of Warren county, Ohio, to whom 
 he was united August 14th, i860; she died November 28th, 
 1862. After a widowerhood of nearly three years, he was 
 married, November loth, 1865, to Harriet McGaughey, of 
 Dayton, Ohio. 
 
 ORBES, SAMUEL FRANKLIN, Physician and 
 Surgeon, was born at Canton, Hartford county, 
 Connecticut, June 8th, 1829. He is the son of 
 Guy Forbes and Harriet (Sage) Forbes. For 
 more than a hundred years his ancestors have 
 lived in Connecticut. Squire P'orbes, of Litch- 
 field, his great-grandfather, cast cannon for Washington’s 
 army during the war of independence, and was among the 
 first to develop the coal and iron mines of Pennsylvania, in 
 which State he had large interests. The subject of this 
 sketch laid the foundation of his literary education in the 
 common schools of Connecticut and New York, and from 
 private tutors. His father and mother dying when he was 
 about fourteen years of age, he went to live with his brother- 
 in law, Dr. S. L. Heath, of Ulster county. New York, with 
 whom he began to read medicine at the age of si.xteen years. 
 He attended two full courses of lectures at the University 
 of New York, graduating from that institution in March, 
 1850. Shortly after graduating he attached himself to the 
 Emigrants’ Hospital on Ward’s Island, New York, spend- 
 ing most of the years 1850 and 1851 in that institution, 
 where he h.id ample opportunity to add practical skill to 
 technical education. Leaving New York he settled perma- 
 nently at Toledo, Ohio, and entered upon the practice of 
 his profession in that city in January of 1852. In 1853 he 
 was appointed Deputy Collector and United .States Marine 
 Hospital Physician for Toledo. The former office he re- 
 tained for but one year, as it interfered with the practice of 
 his profession. In 1855 appointed County Physician, 
 
 which office he held until he entered the army in 1861, as 
 Surgeon of the 67th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He arose to 
 be brigade, division, and acting corps surgeon. After two 
 
 years of active service an exhausting disease compelled Dr. 
 Forbes to resign, much to the regret of his superior officers. 
 While in the army he performed among others a diffi- 
 cult operation on Corporal Henry Gibbs, of Company K, 
 67th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Dr. Forbes re- 
 moved the whole lower jaw so skilfully that the patient 
 entirely recovered in four weeks without external deformity. 
 Dr. George A. Otis, Assistant Surgeon-General of the United 
 States Army, considered this an extraordinary operation, 
 reflecting great credit upon Dr. Forbes, and establishing his 
 reputation as a surgeon of high order. (See “ Medical and 
 Surgical History of War of the Rebellion,” part 1st, pages 
 370 and 379.) Dr. Forbes is the author ot “ A new Ampu- 
 tation through the P'oot,” a descriyUion of which was read 
 before the Ohio Medical Association and accorded high 
 praise by Dr. Mussey, of Cincinnati, and other prominent 
 surgeons. After leaving the army Dr. Forbes was elected 
 Health Officer for Toledo in 1866. His efficient service in 
 this position secured for him the thanks of the City Council 
 and the commendation of his fellow-citizens generally. His 
 annual report was made the basis of the present excellent 
 health law of Ohio. In 1871 he resigned the office of City 
 and County Physician, to which he had been a second time 
 appointed in 1865, and accepted the position of Surgeon to 
 the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad Company, 
 which he now holds. Dr. P'orbes has made a special study 
 of surgery, in which branch of the profession he has built 
 up a large practice. In 1855 he married Mary De Forest, 
 eldest daughter of the late Hon. N. H. De Forest, of Kings- 
 ton, Ulster county. New York, of which union two children, 
 a girl and a boy, still living, were born. 
 
 fft^ODDSWORTH, THOMAS, Coal Merchant, was 
 born, P'ebruary 24th, 1822, in England, and is a 
 son of the late Mannaduke Doddsworlh. The 
 latter came to the United States in 1832, and 
 located in Cincinnati, his family following him 
 one year thereafter. He engaged in the coal 
 business, and was assisted therein by his sons. Thomas 
 had the advantages of such schools as the city then afforded, 
 but like most business men of his age, acquired the greater 
 part of his education in the actual business of life. He was 
 early put to work, driving teams and doing such other 
 tasks as could be performed by a boy twelve years old. He 
 continued with his father until 1847, when in connection 
 with his brother, Marmaduke, Jr., he purchased his father’s 
 establishment, and the old house of T. & M. Doddsworlh 
 was formed, and their main office became one of the land- 
 marks of Cincinnati, having been placed at the corner of 
 Lawrence and P'ront streets in 1831, where it yet remains 
 after a lapse of forty-five years. After the death of Marma- 
 duke, the younger, the business passed entirely into his own 
 hands, and the name of Thomas Doddsworth is one of the 
 
478 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 oldest and most reliable of the coal merchants of Cincinnati. 
 Probably no other dealer carries such a large amount of 
 stock or assumes such great risks in the uncertain coal trade 
 of the Ohio river, lie has passed unscathed through all 
 the great fluctuations of this trade, and is now doing a busi- 
 ness of between two and three million bushels yearly. Of 
 the sixty-two million bushels of coal and coke shipped by 
 river from Pittsburgh during the year 1875, at least one- 
 third was left in the hands of the Cincinnati merchants. 
 He is not connected with any fraternal organizations, nor 
 is he any politician ; nevertheless during the civil war he 
 gave unwavering support to the cause of the Union, and 
 although unable to go to the field himself was represented 
 there by one whom he selected and equipped for service. 
 During his long residence in the city, he h.as been domiciled 
 for the greater part of the time in the old Third ward. He 
 was married in 1847, at Cincinnati, to Susan Bean, and is 
 the father of nine children. 
 
 WINE, JOHN, Constable of the Second Ward of 
 Cincinnati, was born. May 21st, 1829, in the 
 kingdom of Bavaria, Germany, and is the third 
 of six children whose parents were Conrad and 
 Anna M. (Renner) .Swine, both formerly of that 
 country. His father came to the United States in 
 1835 and settled in Cincinnati, where he followed his trade, 
 that of a master mechanic, his specialty being blacksmithing, 
 until his death. John received his education in the common 
 schools of the city, and at fourteen years of age began life 
 on a steamboat on the (.)hio river. He continued in this 
 calling for about four years, and then was engaged in Nash- 
 ville, Tennessee, in mercantile pursuits, for a period of two 
 years. He thence went to New Orleans, but only remained 
 a few days, returning to Cincinnati, where he found employ- 
 ment for a while and then embarked in the meat and pro- 
 vision business, wliich he carried on for some four years. 
 He next went to Louisville, Kentucky, where he tarried for 
 two years, chiefly engaged in mechanical pursuits; returning 
 again to Cincinnati, he effected an engagement with A. D. 
 Bullock & Co., where he remained two years. In 1S58 he 
 went to Baltimore, where he worked for William Wilkins 
 & Co. of that city for about a year. T.a 1859 he purchased 
 a hotel on Piith street, Cincimrati, which he carried on for 
 six months, but as the enterprise did not succeed very well, 
 he disposed of the same and then opened and operated a 
 meat and provision store for a year. In 1861 he went to 
 New York city, where he was employed by Amasa Leonard 
 & Co. for about two years. In 1863 he returned once more 
 to Cincinnati and embarked in the hair and bristle business, 
 in which he was engaged for about a year, when he aban- 
 doned it and became a general trader and speculator. In 
 1S67 he was elected Constable of what was then the Twen- 
 tieth Ward of Cincinnati, and was seven times re-elected ; 
 
 he now acts as Constable of the Second Ward. He is 
 eminently adapted for the responsible duties of that position, 
 which as an elective office is one of the most honorable in 
 the gift of the people. His political faith is that of the Re- 
 publican party. He is a man of temperate habits and of 
 much general reading and observation. He is faithful in 
 the discharge of the duties of his office, and is pleasant and 
 affable, and of firm and determined manners. He was 
 married, October 1st, 1851, to Ellen E. Hyndman, a native 
 of Ireland. 
 
 
 
 g;V -d 
 
 gD 
 
 ARSONS, GENERAL SAMUEL HOLDEN, was 
 born at Lyme, county of New London, Connecti- 
 cut, May 14th, 1737. He was the third son of 
 Rev. Jonathan Parsons, a distinguished clergyman ' 
 of New Englanil. His mother was a sister of 
 Governor Matthew Griswold. Among his early 
 friends was John Adams, afterwards President. He gradu- 
 ated at Harvard, studied law, and was admitted to the bar. 
 In 1761 he married the daughter of Richard Mather, of 
 Lyma. He took an active interest in politics, and at the 
 outbreak of the revolutionary war at once became conspicu- 
 ous as a patriot. Throughout the war he was one of the 
 boldest of the American generals, and was one of the board 
 of officers which tried General Andre of the British army, 
 charged with being a spy. In 1785 he was appointed by 
 Congress one of a board of commissioners to treat with the 
 Indians for the cession of a large tract of territory, a portion 
 of which afterwards became the site of Cincinnati. In 1787 
 he was appointed Judge in and over the territory of the 
 United .States northwest of the Ohio river, and in 1789 
 Chief Judge of the .same, with Hon. John Cleves Symmes 
 and General James Varnum as associates. In November, 
 1789, while returning to Marietta, on his way back from 
 negotiating a treaty with the Indians, he was drowned in 
 the rapids of the Big Beaver river. 
 
 
 
 
 MNKER, CAPTAIN HENRY IL, Soldier, was 
 born, April 15th, 1836, in New York city, and is 
 the fourth of five children, whose parents were 
 Jeremiah and Mary (Clark) Tinker. His father 
 was a merchant; he died in New London, Con- 
 necticut, in 1841. His mother survived her hus- 
 band eight years; she died in 1849, in Edgartown, Martha’s 
 Vineyard. Henry received a liberal education in Connect- 
 icut, and in 1851 entered a mercantile house in New Lon- 
 don. In the following year he went to Cincinnati, where 
 he found employment in a dry-goods house, and so remained 
 until the civil war broke out. He had been a member for 
 some time of the old Guthrie Grays of Cincinnati, and he 
 immediately enlisted in the 6th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 
 and as Captain of Company H, accompanied this regiment 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP-'LDIA. 
 
 479 
 
 for three years. The command participated in the heaviest 
 and hottest battles of the war. At Stone River Captain 
 Tinker was shot through the head, and at Chickamauga 
 was wounded in the right knee and incapacitated for future 
 service. He was confined to his bed for one year before 
 he could walk with crutches ; and these latter have been his 
 aids and companions ever since. In 1870 he was appointed 
 Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas for one year, and in 
 the autumn of that year was elected for the full term of 
 three years. Notwithstanding his severe e.xperience as a 
 soldier, and the active duties of his life, he enjoys uninter- 
 rupted good health, and bids fair to reach the limit of three- 
 score years and ten. 
 
 Qjt^^RIFFITH, JOHN S., Lawyer, was born, July 2d, 
 Bucks county, Pennsylvania. He was 
 I the first of eleven children of James Griffith and 
 <75^^ Mary (Simpson) Griffith. James Griffith, a native 
 of Bucks county, and a blacksmith by trade, 
 moved to Ohio in 1817, in Bethel, Clermont 
 county, where he farmed during the latter years of his life, 
 and died in 1864. The mother of the subject of this notice 
 was also a native of Bucks county, and a daughter of John 
 Simpson, who settled in Clermont county in 1818, where he 
 was a leading agriculturist until his death, in 1837. Plan- 
 nah, daughter of John Simpson, was married to Jesse R. 
 Grant, father of General Ulysses S. Grant. The ancestors 
 of John Simpson were identified with the Revolution and 
 the war of 1812. His preliminary education was limited and 
 received at the common schools. In early life he worked 
 on his father’s fami and in the blacksmith shop, alternating 
 with speculating on the river, until he was about twenty- 
 five years old. In 1839 he began reading law under 
 Thomas J. Buchanan, a prominent attorney of Batavia, 
 being admitted to the bar in 1841. He immediately en- 
 tered upon the practice of his profession in Bethel, Clermont 
 county, laboring industriously there until 1852, when he 
 moved his office and residence to Batavia. Mr. Griffith has 
 since remained in Batavia, having built up a large and pay- 
 ing practice. In 1857 he was elected Clerk of the Court 
 of Common Pleas of the h'ifth Judicial District of Ohio, 
 serving for three years, at the end of 'which time he was 
 renominated and defeated by the Know Nothing party. In 
 1857 he was again elected Clerk of the Court of Common 
 Pleas. He was the first in his district to be elected Clerk 
 under the new Constitution, the office having been pre- 
 viously filled by appointment. With the exception of this 
 one public office, Mr. Griffith has always refused to accept 
 political preferment, notwithstanding frequent solicitation. 
 He ca.st his first vote for Andrew Jackson, and has acted 
 with the Democratic party since then. He is a man of strict 
 integrity, and enjoys the respect and confidence of all who 
 know him. In the course of a long professional career he 
 has established a reputation as an able lawyer and a useful 
 
 citizen. He has found time from his professional labors to 
 read the best current literature and cultivate the refining in- 
 fluences of life. In 1S43 he married Ann Amelia Harris, 
 of Berks county, Pennsylvania, by whom he is the father 
 of seven children. 
 
 
 VANS, EDWARD P., Lawyer, was born. May 
 31st, 1816, near Russelville, Brown county, 
 Ohio. He was the oldest of ten children born 
 to William Evans and Mary (Patton) Evans. 
 His father, who was of Welsh descent, was a 
 native of Pennsylvania, who emigrated to Ken- 
 
 tucky at an early date, subsequently settling in Brown 
 county, Ohio, about 1808, where he resided as a farmer 
 until his death, ia 1873, at the advanced age of eighty-six 
 years. William Evans was an active participant in the war 
 of 1812, passing through the scenes of that .struggle in the 
 Northwest. He was an upright man and a zealous Chris- 
 tian. He was an elder in the Presbyterian Church. The 
 mother of the subject of this sketch was of Scotch descent, 
 a native of Rockbridge county, Virginia, and a daughter of 
 John Patton, a prominent V’irginia fanner, and a character 
 honorably mentioned in the history of that State. Edward 
 P. passed the first eighteen years of his life working on a 
 farm at eight dollars a month during the summer, and at- 
 tending the country school in winter. At the age of twenty 
 he had, by industry and economy, saved a little money. 
 With this he went to Ripley and took a course of study 
 under a private tutor. After about four months so spent, 
 he went to Decatur, Ohio, and studied under the super- 
 vision of Professor Wright for about five months. By this 
 time he had acquired an unusual education for his day and 
 locality, and Mr. Evans began teaching school and reading 
 law in Brown county. He taught school at intervals for 
 the next five years. In 1844 was admitted to the bar, 
 after which he taught school for one term in order to pro- 
 cure the funds necessary to start him in his profession. 
 When he was admitted to the bar he had been living at 
 Sardinia, on the line of Highland and Brown counties, 
 having been practising in the minor courts for two years. 
 He now moved to West Union, seat of justice of Adams 
 county, where he has since resided in the control of an ex- 
 tensive practice. Mr. Evans has always taken a deep 
 interest in public affairs, but has never sought or accepted 
 office. In 1856, during the Fremont campaign, he stumped 
 the southern counties of Ohio, in company with Caleb R. 
 ■Smith, R. W. Clarke, and R. M. Corwine. He took an 
 active interest in Mr. Lincoln’s election, and stumpeil sev- 
 eral counties in his behalf. During the rebellion he was 
 Chairman of the Military Committee of Adams county. 
 Mr. Evans was an intimate friend of Salmon P. Chase, and 
 like him was an early opponent of .slavery. Since 1862 he 
 has been a partner in the banking house of G. B. Grimes & 
 Co., of West Union. In religion Mr. Evans is a Calvinist. 
 
480 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP/^EDIA. 
 
 He is a man of forcible character and affable manner, cour- 
 teous in his social relations and respected by the community. 
 In May, 1839, Mr. Evans married Amanda J. King, a na- 
 tive of Brown county, by whom he is the father of three 
 children. 
 
 g)^WIEI'ERT, HON. JOSEPH, was born, December 
 llth, 1810, in the towm of VValdburg, Ettenheim, 
 Germany. His father was a gunsmith in the 
 Dukedom of Baden, and died when Joseph was 
 seven years of age. The subject of this sketch 
 attended the common schools until he was four- 
 teen years of age, when he began a three years’ apprentice- 
 ship as a stone-cutter and mason. Having finished his 
 apprenticeship, he worked for three years as a journeyman, 
 when, in the military draft, he drew number five and w'as 
 booked for six years. After serving three years in the 
 army, from 1831 to 1833, he found a way to leave the ser- 
 vice. His mother advanced him a little money, which he 
 added to his scanty savings, hired a substitute for the equiv- 
 alent of a hundred American dollars, and left home, April 
 loth, 1834, en route for America. He took ship at Havre, 
 and after being forty-eight days out, landed at Baltimore. 
 Soon after landing he started with three others for Cincin- 
 nati, making the journey on foot, via Wheeling and Ports- 
 mouth. When Mr. Siefert reached Cincinnati his cash 
 account showed just five five-franc pieces — about five 
 dollars — in hand. Within half an hour after arriving in 
 Cincinnati he was at w'ork, wdth hammer and trowel, laying 
 stone for Mr. Hickock, to wLom he had engaged himself at 
 one dollar and seventy-five cents a day. At the end of six 
 months Mr. Siefert obtained a contract on his own account 
 from Mr. William Doman, building agent of the United 
 States Bank. From this small beginning he went on build- 
 ing up a rapidly increasing business. Cincinnati was 
 glowing as a trading and manufacturing centre, and there 
 was no lack of work for builders. Mr. Siefert secured a 
 large share of this business, and within a few years em- 
 ployed 150 men. In 1847 he built a bridge over Congress 
 street. He contracted for the construction of sewers, 
 public buildings, and public work generally. He built the 
 Little Miami Depot, the first large tank for the gas com- 
 pany, Langworth’s nine cellars, and a number of brewers’ 
 vaults. P'or ten years he was a member of the Soldiers’ 
 Relief Union for the Tenth Ward, and for eight years 
 represented that ward . in the City Council. For seven 
 years he was Chairman of the Sew.age Committee, and 
 headed the Committee on the City Infirmary for four years. 
 He was a Director of the Longview Asylum for nine years. 
 During the war Mr. Siefert, with the aid of two others, 
 raised $11,000 within two hours, and thus relieved the 
 Tenth Ward of his city from the draft. He was Captain 
 of a company during the Kirby Smith raid. Since coming 
 to this country Mr. Siefert has made two trips to Europe. 
 
 The first he made in 1853, to bring home with him the six 
 sons of his brother, who had died in the fortifications of 
 Rastadt, where he had been confined for taking part in the 
 revolution. In 1872 Mr. Siefert, accompanied by his wife 
 and youngest son, made the grand tour of Europe. The 
 City Council saw him off with a band of music, and on his 
 return he was welcomed by that body and the German 
 Pioneer Association, of which he was one of the projectors. 
 In addition to the public buildings which Mr. Siefert has 
 erected, he has built a number for himself, which he still 
 holds. Though his life has been a busy one, he has all 
 of his faculties well preserved, with a good prospect of more 
 years of usefulness. December 28th, 1837, he married 
 Elizabeth Brosmer. 
 
 AGGONER, MARSHALL O., Lawyer, was born, 
 October 8th, 1826, in Huron county, Ohio. His 
 father, Cyrus Waggoner, was a son of George 
 Waggoner, who served for more than seven years 
 in the revolutionaiy army, under the direct com- 
 mand of General George Washington, and who 
 died at the advanced age of eighty years. The paternal 
 side of the family is of German origin. The maternal 
 grandfather, Joseph Ozier, a worthy representative of an 
 old Vermont family, was a great sufl'erer during the war of 
 1812, on account of aid given to American soldiers on Can- 
 adian soil, where he then resided. Marshall O. attended 
 school in Huron county until his sixteenth year, which 
 comprised all the advantages then afforded him. He went 
 to work at an early age, first at wagon and carriage manu- 
 facturing, then at the undertaking business, and was subse- 
 quently engaged for a number of years in the sale of 
 groceries, provisions, and drugs at Norwalk. This business 
 had assumed large proportions when the panic of 1857 
 came upon the country ; but so well had he managed his 
 affairs, so carefully had he husbanded his resources, that, 
 notwithstanding the many who suffered in his section, his 
 name was among the few untarnished ones who did not 
 fail in business. Soon after this event he abandoned mer- 
 cantile pursuits and read law. Upon admission to the bar 
 he commenced practice, connecting therewith fire and life 
 insurance, in Which he was successful beyond expectation. 
 His talents and industrious habits attracted the attention of 
 insurance men, and in January of 1869 he was appointed 
 Superintendent of Ohio, Michigan, and Indiana for the 
 Guardian Mutual Life Insurance Company, at Toledo, 
 Ohio. To this position he brought an already established 
 reputation as a competent insurance man and a judicious 
 manager. To this he added materially by successful opera- 
 tions in his new field. July ist, 1871, two years and a half 
 from the date of his appointment, Mr. Waggoner sold out 
 the business, which his own energy had built up, for the 
 handsome sum of $30,000. The next year Mr. Waggoner 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.HDIA. 
 
 481 
 
 spent on the European continent. Returning to this coun- 
 try, he spent most of the year 1S72 in Independence, 
 Montgomery county, Kansas, in the practice of law, in 
 partnership with L. \V. Humphrey and A. M. York. The 
 latter played a prominent part in the Legislature of Kansas, 
 during the session of 1873, damaging exposures impli- 
 cating Senator S. C. Pomeroy, then a candidate for re- 
 election, and whom he charged with bribery and corruption. 
 In 1874 Mr. Waggoner returned to Ohio and entered into 
 partnership with Ira E. Lee, an old member of the Toledo 
 bar engaged in the practice of his profession. The firm of 
 Lee & Waggoner still lives, thrives, and is regarded as one 
 of the ablest in the city of Toledo. Mr. Waggoner is a 
 leading member of the Masonic fraternity, and one of its 
 most active workers. He was travelling manager for the 
 World's Masonic Register, and chiefly instrumental in 
 making it so popular during the years 1857-58-59-60, 
 when the Register was published by Leon Hineman, at 
 Philadelphia. By virtue of being one of the pioneers of 
 the Western Reserve, Mr. Waggoner is a member of the 
 Firelands Pioneer Society. Successful in business, he is 
 exact in the discharge of his obligations as citizen, and held 
 in high respect in his social relations. July 4th, 1871, Mr. 
 Waggoner married his present wife, Harrie A. Boutelle, of 
 Onondaga county. New York. 
 
 AVIS, HENRY IL, was born. May 9th, 1822, 
 Canada East. He is the fifth of eleven children 
 of Edmond Davis and Elizabeth (Smith) Davis, 
 both natives of New Hampshire. His father 
 was a farmer all his life, ending his days on his 
 farm in Canada East. Henry’s early education 
 was very limited, but he has been a constant reader and 
 close observer of men and things, adding constantly to a 
 valuable store of practical knowledge. He remained on 
 the home farm, a-ssisting his aged parents, until he was 
 about twenty-two years old, when he went to New Hamp- 
 shire, spending a year in Manchester as a hard-working 
 teamster. Going to Boston, he engaged in the same busi- 
 ness in partnership with J. C. Batchelder, retaining tliis 
 connection for two years. He then went into a shoe and 
 leather store, where he was employed for about six months. 
 He then turned his attention to the hotel business, to which 
 he has since devoted his attention. He was interested in 
 the Albany Hotel, of Boston; Linfield Hotel, near Salem; 
 and the Essex House, of Salem, Massachusetts. He moved 
 to Cincinnati in 1853, and from that time until 1856 the 
 Broadway Hotel was under his superintendence. From 
 1856 to 1859 Captain Davis was proprietor of the Taylor 
 House, at Cairo, Illinois. I his hotel was nearly destroyed 
 by the great inundation of the Mississippi river, and com- 
 pletely destroyed by fire while Captain Davis was conduct- 
 ing it. During the inundation he was obliged to take his 
 61 
 
 wife and children out of the second-story window, and row 
 them in a boat to a place of safety. In the fire he nearly 
 lost his life in his efforts to save his guests. He was finally 
 left in the second story, with no means of escape save by 
 jumping from the window. This he did with no more 
 serious result than a severe shock. In i860 Captain Davis 
 joined William Marsh in the management of the Walnut 
 .Street House, Cincinnati, where he remained until the fall 
 of 1864. He then bought the Palmer House, at Indianapo- 
 lis, Indiana, selling it at the end of six months. His next 
 venture was the purchase of the Broadway Hotel, Cincin- 
 nati, which he sold in 1867, buying the Walnut Street 
 House and disposing of that in 1873. I” 'S74 he took 
 charge of the Avenue Hotel, on Spring Grove avenue, near 
 Cincinnati — a fine building and a popular house. Here he 
 conducts a first class hotel, complete in all of its appoint- 
 ments. No host in Hamilton county is more popular than 
 Captain Davis. In Cincinnati, 1854, he married Laura 
 Goldsmith, of Salem, Massachusetts, by whom he is the 
 father of seven children. 
 
 laborer. 
 
 ’ARTHUR, GENERAL DUNCAN, Pioneer and 
 Governor of Ohio, was born of Scotch parentage, 
 ill Dutchess county. New York, in 1772. In 
 1780 his father, a man in poor circumstances, re- 
 moved to the frontiers of Pennsylvania. When 
 of sufficient age Duncan hired out as a farm 
 At the age of eighteen he was a volunteer in 
 Harmer’s Indian campaign, and on one occasion acted with 
 so much gallantry as to ever afterwards secure the confi- 
 dence of the frontiersmen. After the war he labored in the 
 salt works near Maysville, Kentucky, and in the years fol- 
 lowing accompanied General Massie on his surveying expe- 
 ditions. He also was engaged as a spy against the Indians, 
 and in this capacity had more than one hairbreadth escape. 
 He studied surveying, became an assistant to General 
 Massie, and helped to lay out the town of Chillicothc. In 
 1805 he was a member of the Legislature from Ross county, 
 and in 1806 he was Colonel, and in 1808 Major-General of 
 the State militia. In the war of 1S12 he was a Colonel of 
 Ohio volunteers, and at Detroit he and his regiment were 
 included in IIuU’s surrender. He was second in command 
 on this unfortunate expedition. After his return on parole 
 the Democratic party elected him to Congress by an over- 
 whelming majority. After his exchange he was made a 
 Brigadier-General, and resigned his scat in Congress. He 
 served with distinguished gallantry throughout the ivar, and 
 at its close was in command of the American forces in the 
 Northwest. In 1815 he was again elected to the Legisla- 
 ture. During the next three years he was commissioned to 
 negotiate several treaties with the Indians. In 1817 he 
 was elected Speaker of the Legislature. Several times a 
 member of this body, he was again elected to Congress in 
 
482 
 
 yiOGRArillCAL EXCVCLOP.RDIA. 
 
 1822. After serving two sessions he declined a re-election, 
 and devoted himself to his land business. In 1830 he was 
 elected Governor of Ohio, and on the expiration of his 
 term was again a candidate for Congress. Losing the elec- 
 tion, he quit politics. In June, 1830, he was badly injured 
 by an accident, and never recovered. Ilis physical and 
 mental powers declined, though he lingered several years. 
 He died about the year 183S. He was a hospitable man, 
 but close in business transactions. His life was an exam- 
 ple of what an iron will can accomplish. From the ob- 
 scurity of a backwoodsman he rose to the highest ofirce in 
 the gift of the people of Ohio. His last residence was 
 known as “Fruit Hill,” near Adena, Ross county. He 
 was the father-in-law of Hon. William Allen, ex-Governor 
 of Ohio. 
 
 ARRERE, HOX. NELSOX, Lawyer, was born, 
 April 1st, 1808, at New Market, then the county- 
 seat of Highland county, and is the seventh of 
 twelve children whose parents were George W. 
 and Abigail (Mills) Barrere. His father was a 
 native of what is now Wheeling, West Virginia; 
 but when he was born — March l6th, 1770 — it was known 
 as Red Stone Fort. He followed agricultural pursuits 
 mainly through life, although for some years he devoted 
 particular attention to surveying and trading. He removed 
 to Highland county in 1803, and was the first Deputy Sur- 
 veyor in the military district of which Highland county 
 formed a part. He held various public offices during his 
 long residence there, having been a Justice of the Peace for 
 many years, a member of the Ohio Senate for nine years, 
 and was one of the Associate Judges for fourteen years. 
 He had been in the Indian wars from 1791 to 1795; he 
 was present at St. Clair’s defeat, and was under General 
 Wayne at the battle of Fallen Timber. He also partici- 
 pated in the war of 1812, and witnessed the surrender of 
 Hull. He was prominently identified with the various 
 public enterprises of Highland county until his death, 
 which occurred October 31st, 1829. X’elson’s mother was 
 a native of Fleming county, Kentucky, a daughter of Thomas 
 Mills, an early pioneer of that county, then known as Mason 
 county. He built Mills .Station, an early Indian fort. 
 X’elson was early taught industrious h.abits; he worked on 
 a farm until he was eighteen years old, going to school 
 during the winter months. He then passed a year at the 
 High School of Hillsborough, and in 1827 entered the 
 freshman class of Augusta College, Kentucky, a prominent 
 institution of learning at that time, and whose graduates are 
 numbered among some of the most distinguished gentlemen 
 of Kentucky and Ohio. He graduated from that institution 
 in 1830, having by extra study completed the whole course 
 of four years in three years and a half. He was enabled to 
 effect this by studying through vacation. After a year of 
 leisure he commenced, in 1831, the study of law in Hills- 
 
 I borough under the preceptorship of the late Judge John W. 
 
 Price. He read assiduously for some two years, and after 
 ^ a most thorough and searching examination was admitted 
 to the bar on December 23d, 1833. He immediately 
 opened an office in Hillsborough, and remained there about 
 nine months in the practice of his profession. As there 
 seemed, however, to be a paucity of clients, he removed to 
 West Union, in Adams county, in October, 1834, and there 
 formed a legal copartnership with Samuel Brush, and en- 
 tered upon his professional duties forthwith. The partner- 
 ship lasted but a single year, yet he continued at West 
 I Union, and was very successful, he having a large and 
 lucrative practice during the twelve years he resided there. 
 During this period he was elected a representative to the 
 General Assembly, and served in that body during the 
 session of 1837-38. Owing to climatic influences, by which 
 his health became somewhat impaired, he left West Union 
 in 1846 and returned to Hillsborough, where he has ever 
 since resided, engaged in the control of an extensive legal 
 practice, and is now the leading as well as the senior mem- 
 ber of the bar of Highland county. In 1850 he represented 
 the district composed of Brown, Highland, Adams, and 
 Clermont counties, in the Thirty-second Congress. During 
 his term of service in that body he was conspicuous for his 
 opposition to the land swindles at that time being initiated. 
 He defended the action of the committee appointed to in- 
 vestigate the slanders aspersing the character of Governor 
 ‘ and Senator Thomas Corwin, with reference to the cele- 
 brated “Gardner claims” — an investigation influenced 
 strongly by Xelson Barrere, and which exonerated Governor 
 Corwin from its charges, and, so far as the action of Con- 
 I gress was concerned, was decisive and satisfactory. He 
 has been intimately identified, more or less, with all the 
 ! public enterprises affecting the interests of his native county, 
 
 1 and has ever been conspicuous for public spirit. In politi- 
 ' cal belief he is now a Democrat, and his first vote was 
 i polled for Henry Clay. His religious faith is that taught 
 by the Methodist Church. He is most agreeable and 
 courteous in manners, and his private character is unim- 
 peachable. He has ever been an energetic and industrious 
 ! worker, a safe and reliable counsellor, and a persevering 
 and successful advocate. He has never been married. 
 
 MITH, CHARLES, President of the Trumbull 
 National Bank, Warren, Ohio, was born, August 
 I2th, 1803, in Washington county. New York 
 State, and is a son of Justice and Charlotte 
 (Delemater) Smith. He accompanied his parents 
 when they removed to Ohio, in 1811, and .settled 
 in the town of W’arren, where his father purchased a saw 
 and grist mill property. Charles received his education at 
 the common school of Warren. When he was fourteen 
 years old, together with an elder brother, he took the con- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 483 
 
 tract to carry the United Stales mail between Warren and 
 Pittsburgh. In this occupation he continued four years, 
 traversing on horseback, in all kinds of weather, the rough 
 roads of that region, which passed through long stretches of 
 the primeval forest. At the age of nineteen he engaged in 
 mercantile pursuits in Warren, in which he continued until 
 i860, having a long and successful career of commercial 
 enterprise. He was one of the principal projectors of the 
 Trumbull National Bank, founded in 1866, and has been 
 its President from its organization until the present time. 
 The institution over which he presides has always been 
 conducted on those conservative principles which a long 
 acquaintance with commercial enterprises has convinced 
 him to be the ti'ue policy of bankers, whose highest aim is 
 to afford unquestionable security for their trusts. 
 
 (PU 
 
 '^ll •, ANNIN, EI)\NARD, Pastor of the St. Patrick’s 
 Congregation in Toledo, was born on December 
 22d, 1825, in Ballymole, .Sligo county, Ireland. 
 He is the son of Barclay and Margaret (Tighe) 
 Hannin, his father being a farmer near Ballymole. 
 
 He received an education fitting him for a civil 
 engineer and mercantile business. At first he engaged in 
 civil engineering until he became twenty years of age, being 
 at that age employed by the government as Superintendent 
 of Public Works. He moved to Liverpool in 1847, em- 
 barking in mercantile life, but returned home in 1849, dur- 
 ing the depression of the affairs of the country. Subse- 
 quently he sailed for the United States, and soon after 
 landing was persuaded by clergymen with whom he became 
 acquainted to study for the ministry. He made his 
 preparatory studies of Latin and Greek in Geneva, New 
 York. Entered St. Mai7’s Theological Seminary, Cleve- 
 land, in 1853, and was ordained, June 1st, 1856, and placed 
 at the Cathedral in Cleveland. Becoming interested in the 
 temperance cause, he at once organized societies which 
 have since become famous, also organizing sister societies 
 in Cleveland and adjoining towns. In 1862 he moved to 
 Toledo, Ohio, taking charge of a congregation in the south- 
 ern part of the city, having up to this date formed a part of 
 the only Catholic congregation in the city. In 1862 he 
 built St. Patrick’s Church. The following year he erected 
 a large hall in the rear of the church, for the accommoda- 
 tion of the temperance societies, using it also for a school 
 room for the children of his parish. In 1864 he erected 
 •St. Patrick’s Academy, and in the following year a wing to 
 the building which is used for his residence. In 1866 he 
 purchased grounds in the Fifth ward, and built a church 
 there. Four years later, upon the resignation of Bishop 
 Rappe, of Cleveland, he was appointed Administrator of the 
 diocese, and moving to the above-named city remained 
 there until the consecration of Bishop Gilmore. In 1872 
 he returned to Toledo and assumed charge of St. Patrick’s 
 
 Parish. The following year he purchased grounds and 
 erected St. Patrick’s Institute, immediately opposite the 
 church ; the institute being dedicated the 17th day of March, 
 1874, in the presence of Governor Allen and staff, and 
 many of the leading men of the State. The institute is 
 furnished with billiard tables, bowling-alley, a gymnasium, 
 library, and reading-room, for the entertainment of young 
 men. There is also an audience hall capable of seating 
 one thousand people. In the academy are some five hun- 
 dred children, and eight first-class teachers paid by the 
 congregation. There are three temperance organizations 
 connected with the parish. Father Hannin, since his resi- 
 dence in Toledo, Ohio, has always been foremost in pro- 
 moting the interests and welfare of his parishioners, and has 
 ever taken an active part in everything tending towards the 
 welfare of Toledo, Ohio. 
 
 (^/HOMSON, EDWARD, D.D., LL.D., Bishop in the 
 Methodist Church, was born at Portsea, England, 
 in October, 1810. His parents belonged to the 
 wealthier of the middle class of the English popu- 
 lation. The family emigrated to this country in 
 1819, and settled at Wooster, Ohio. The parents 
 were able to give their children all the educational adv'an- 
 tages attainable in that section at that time. When still a 
 youth Edward commenced the study of medicine, and in 
 1829 he received his degree from the University of Penn- 
 sylvania. He practised his profession at Wooster for a 
 comparatively short time. At this period he was not a reli- 
 gious man in the strict sense of the term, though he had 
 been raised by a Christian mother, and was a moral and 
 well-behaved young man of good address and polished 
 manners. But there were influences surrounding him tend- 
 ing to drift him into the troubled sea of doubt and skepti- 
 cism. Before these influences had obtained a very strong 
 hold upon him, he attended a camp-meeting service, and 
 listened to a sermon from the lips of Rev. Russel Bigelow. 
 This sermon wrought such a change in him that he at once 
 became a professing Christian, and soon after an aspirant 
 for ministerial labor. In 1833 he was admitted on trial in 
 the Ohio Conference, and appointed to the Norwalk Cir- 
 cuit. His next appointment was at Sandusky City. In 
 I 1835 his name appears, with that of J. M. Trimble, at the 
 Fourth Street Church, Cincinnati. In 1836 he was fully 
 admitted to the ministry, and in 1837, through a division of 
 the conference, he was found in the Michigan Conference, 
 and .stationed at Detroit. In this city he labored with zeal, 
 and was rewarded with abundant success. In 1838 he was 
 made Principal of the Norwalk Academy, and remained 
 there several years, when, in 1844, the General Conference 
 elected him editor of the Ladies' Repository. To this posi- 
 tion he brought .su|ierior abilities, and his sphere of useful- 
 ness was considerably enlarged. When the Ohio Wesleyan 
 
484 
 
 lilOGRAI'IIICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 University was founded at Delaware, he was chosen its first 
 President, and entered upon his duties in the spring of t847. 
 In this new field of labor his ripe scholarship found full 
 play, and his faculties were brought into vigorous maturity. 
 In 1S60 he was elected to the editorial chair of the Chris- 
 tian Advocate, at New York, and, although the change was 
 not of his choice, he accepted the position and (juitted the 
 college regretfully. In 1844-116 had been created a Doctor 
 of Divinity, by Augusta College, and in 1855 the degree of 
 Doctor of IaUws had been conferred by the Wesleyan E^ni- 
 versity. The General Conference of 1S64 created him a 
 Bishop, and he soon after made a visit to all the foreign 
 missions of the Methodist Church, and organized the India 
 Mission Conference. Upon his return he made a tour of 
 the Southern States, and organized a conference at New 
 Orleans. His episcopal labors were continuous, and every- 
 where acceptable. lie was married in 1837 to Maria 
 Louisa, daughter of lion, M. B.irtley, afterwards Governor 
 of Ohio. Slie died in 1S63, and in 1865 he was united in 
 marriage to Annie E. Howe, of Delaware, Ohio, who sur- 
 vives him. His last sickness was short, and his loss an un- 
 expected one to the church. He died, March 22d, 1870, 
 at Wheeling, W'est Virginia, where he was temporarily 
 stopping. He was liuried with imposing services at Dela- 
 ware, Ohio, the scene of his most successful labors. 
 
 
 ^'OLEINS, REV. JOHN, Minister of the Pioneer 
 Methodist Episcopal Church in Ohio, was born, 
 November 1st, 1769, in New Jersey. Early in 
 life he became an earnest and devout member of 
 the Methodist Church, and determined to become 
 a preacher, a resolution which he carried into 
 effect with characteristic energy, His earlier efforts in his 
 chosen vocation as preacher gave little promise of his future 
 eminence. So small was the evidence they gave of special 
 qualification, that his wife, solicitous for his reputation and 
 usefulness, advised him to desist, believing that he could 
 never succeed. He replied to her, in all candor, that he 
 thought her predictions quite likely to be correct, but never 
 theless, although he might never be a successful preacher 
 himself, he purposed to continue trying until he should be 
 instrumental in converting some one who would be a 
 preacher. His subsequent career showed how unfounded 
 were his wife’s misgivings, and how wise was his own de 
 termination. In the year 1801 he visited the Northwestern 
 Territory, now the State of Ohio, and in the following year 
 he removed his family to the West, and settled on a farm in 
 Clermont county, Ohio, on the east fork of the Little Miami 
 river, about twenty five miles east of Cincinnati. In 1S04 
 he preached the first Methodist sermon ever preached in 
 Cincinnati. The meeting was held in an upper room, and 
 the congregation comprised twelve persons. He also 
 preached the first Methodist sermons heard in Ripley, Day- 
 
 ton, and Urbana. In 1807 he travelled the Miami Circuit, 
 in connection with B. Larkin, an excellent preacher. In 
 iSoS he travelled the Scioto Circuit, and in 1809 and 1810 
 the Deer Creek Circuit. He was next assigned to the 
 Union Circuit, which embraced the towns of Lebanon and 
 Dayton. In the years 1819 and 1820 he was Presiding 
 Elder of the Scioto District. In 1821 and 1822 he was 
 stationed in Cincinnati. The following year he was 
 stationed in Chillicothe, and in 1824 he was appointed to 
 the Cincinnati District, and afterwards to the Miami Dis- 
 trict. He continued to travel in this district during the 
 years 1825, 1826, and 1827. Next he was transferred to 
 the .Scioto District, where he labored from 1828 to 1831. 
 In 1832 and 1833 he was on the New Richmond Circuit. 
 He returned to the Cincinnati Station in 1834, and in 1835 
 he travelled the White Oak Circuit. This was the last cir- 
 cuit he ever travelled. On the minutes of the Ohio Annual 
 Conference of 1836 he was returned as superannuated, 
 which relation remained unchanged until his death. He 
 died at M.aysville, Kentucky, at the residence of his son. 
 General Richard Collins, August 21st, 1845. His last 
 words were, “ Happy, happy, happy!” On his death the 
 official members of the church at Maysville passed resolu- 
 tions expressive of their grief at his loss, and of the highest 
 appreciation of his labors and eminent qualities as a gospel 
 minister. It may truly be said of him that he was one of 
 the most eminent and eloquent jireachers in the early days 
 of Methodism in southern Ohio. He married Sarah Black- 
 man, a woman of great energy and force of character, and 
 whose life was an embodiment of the Christian virtues. 
 She was a sister of Leander Blackman. In the spring of 
 1797, shortly after her husband assured her of his determina- 
 tion to “ keep trying to preach until he had converted some 
 one who would preach successfully,” her brother Leander 
 was converted through the preaching of her husband. This 
 was in 1800, and the new convert at once entered the 
 ministry and worked in it with extraordinary power, earnest- 
 ness, and success until his death, some fourteen years later. 
 No more devoted, zealous, eloquent, or successful preacher 
 labored in the church than he. His eloquence is described 
 as something wonderful. His presence was commanding 
 and attractive, his voice rich, melodious, and greatly ex- 
 pressive, and the fervor of his utterances almost irresistible. 
 None could listen to him unmoved, and during the time of 
 his ministrations thousands were converted through his 
 agency. As early as 1809 he was Presiding Elder in the 
 Cumberland District of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 
 embracing all of West Tennessee, ])art of Middle Tennessee 
 on the Elk and Duck rivers, Madison county in the Missis- 
 sippi Territory, and all of Kentucky below the mouth of 
 Green river, with the counties of Ohio and Breckinridge 
 above Green river. To this day many an old pioneer re- 
 members the sympathy excited and the profound sorrow felt 
 in Cincinnati and throughout the Methodist Church, when 
 his death occurred in 1S15. It was a few days after the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 485 
 
 adjournment of conference in Cincinnati. He and his wife 
 were crossing the Ohio river in an open ferry-boat. The 
 horses on the boat became frightened, and, running to- 
 gether, forced several of . the passengers overboard into the 
 river. Leander Blackman was among the number. He 
 swam for some time, but before help reached him he sank 
 and was drowned in full view of his agonized wife. His 
 body was recovered and followed to the grave by a vast 
 concourse of friends. 
 
 G" 
 
 
 I 
 
 to '! <!/ >1? 
 
 c 
 
 REES, D.WID, Physician, was born, March 15th, 
 1S09, in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, and 
 was the third of the thirteen children of Henry 
 and Magdalena (Henney) Crees. His father, a 
 native of Pennsylvania, although of German ex- 
 traction, was a carpenter and cabinetmaker by 
 trade. He died in Iowa, in 1847. The mother, a native 
 of Fairfield county, Pennsylvania, was also of German ex- 
 traction. The early training of David was of the most 
 wholesome description, and established him securely in 
 those habits of strict integrity, rigid temperance, energy and 
 untiring industry which have been his marked character- 
 istics through life. He worked, until he was seventeen 
 years of age, upon a farm, attending school as he found 
 opportunity at the district schools in his neighborhood, 
 These opportunities were not frequent, however, and he 
 was obliged to be content with but little schooling. He 
 made up in a measure for this deprivation by industrious 
 and intelligent reading in his leisure hours. When he had 
 reached the age of seventeen he went to Pittsburgh, to 
 learn the trade of carpenter. He mastered the trade with 
 the thoroughness and worked at it with the industry which 
 characterized whatever he undertook. His trade, however, 
 did not monopolize all his attention and energy, and was 
 regarded by him as merely the stepping-stone to something 
 else. His inclination had early been towards the medical 
 profession, for which he developed a remarkable talent. 
 In 1830 he began reading medicine, pursuing a regular 
 course.of study in such leisure hours as he could command. 
 He had selected the homoeopathic school of medicine, and 
 his studies were guided by strong faith in the principles of 
 method he had chosen. He continued working at his 
 trade, but eventually, after studying assiduously until he 
 felt himself qualified to apply the principles he had mas- 
 tered, and then from time to time, as occasion offered, he 
 gave advice as a medical practitioner, and from the first 
 with very marked success. He remained at Pittsburgh 
 until March, 1838, when he removed to Ross county, Ohio. 
 There he stayed until 1841, and in February of that year 
 he removed to Portsmouth, Scioto county, Ohio, where he 
 has ever since resided. He continued to work at his trade 
 as carpenter until 1850, keeping up his medical studies 
 meanwhile and practising medicine from time to time. In 
 1850 he began to give his attention almost exclusively to 
 
 medical practice, and in 1851 he finally renounced his trade 
 as carpenter, and has ever since devoted his entire time and 
 energy to the practice of his self-acquired profession. He 
 has practised with untiring industry and with almost uni- 
 form success in and around Portsmouth, and has long 
 occupied an acknowledged position in the very front rank 
 of the profession in that community. Politically he is a 
 Republican, but he has never sought or held a political 
 office of any description. He is a member of the Presby- 
 terian Church, and he is not only a Christian in profession, 
 but in his unblemished integrity of character. .Socially he 
 is pleasant and affable, and is liked for his agreeable 
 qualities no less than esteemed for his sterling traits of 
 character. He is essentially a self-made man, and through 
 his own efforts has risen to deserved and enduring promi- 
 nence. He was married in 1835 to Isabella Jane Fleming, 
 of Chester county, Pennsylvania, and this union has 
 resulted in seven children. 
 
 ULLIVANT, JOSEPH, was born in Ohio, De- 
 cember 3d, 1809. He is a son of I.ucas Sullivant 
 and Sarah Starling, and brother to Michael Sul- 
 livant, the famous American farmer. William 
 Sullivant, LL. D., an author of celebrity (now 
 deceased), was also his brother. From his early 
 years Joseph was an eager devourer of books. At school 
 his desire to learn and his retentive memory made the 
 ordinary tasks easy of accomplishment. He attended the 
 two first classical schools established in Columbus, and was 
 afterwards sent to the boarding school at Washington, Ohio, 
 then under the management of Rev. Philander Chase, 
 Bishop of the Diocese of Ohio. From Washington he went 
 to the Ohio University, and finally to Centre College, 
 Kentucky. An early taste for the natural sciences, which 
 was stimulated by his father, a lover and close observer of 
 nature, Joseph entered on a regular course of scientific 
 study, and with good results. Before he had reached his 
 majority he was appointed, by the Legislature, one of the 
 corporators of the Philosophical and Historical Society of 
 Ohio, of which for several years he was Corresponding 
 Secretary and Curator. He was the originator of the 
 Columbus Lyceum, a free literary, scientific and library 
 association, of which he was President. He was also a 
 member of the Athenaeum, an institution similar to the 
 lyceum. For forty years Mr. .Sullivant has taken an active 
 interest in all the scientific and literary enteiqirises of 
 Columbus. He has been a frequent lecturer on scientific 
 topics before the associations of that city. He has long 
 been devoted to the interests of the public schools, and for 
 twenty years was a member of the Board of Education, 
 being President thereof for part of the time. Upon retiring 
 from the Board he was requested to sit for his bust, which 
 has been placed in the High School hall. As another 
 
486 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 mark of esteem, and in recognition of efficient and gratui- 
 tous services, the largest and finest school building in 
 Columbus has beyn named “ Sullivant School.” Mr. Sul- 
 livant has long been a member of the American Scientific 
 Association; Treasurer of the Ohio State Board of Agricul- 
 ture; Trustee and President of the Starling College; and 
 Trustee and Secretary of the Mechanical College of Ohio. 
 He has been a frequent contributor to the press. Mr. Sul- 
 livant was originally a Henry Clay Whig, often serving on 
 the Whig County and State Central Committees. Of recent 
 years he has been a Republican. He has been married 
 three times: first, to Margaret Irvin McDowell, daughter 
 of Colonel Joseph McDowell, of Danville, Kentucky, who 
 died in giving birth to an only daughter. His second wife 
 was Mary Eliza Brashear, granddaughter of Judge William 
 McDowell and Peggy Madison, sister to James Madison, a 
 President of the United States. The third wife of Mr. 
 Sullivant was Elizabeth Underhill, a descendant of Captain 
 Sir John Underhill, who figures in the annals of New 
 England. 
 
 
 (C, 67 fOHN.STON, STEPHEN, Lawyer, was born, Sep- 
 tember 29th, 1812, at Piqua, Ohio. His an- 
 
 cestors were from the north of Ireland. His 
 father, Stephen Johnston, was government store- 
 keeper at Fort Wayne, in the war of 1812, and 
 in August of that year was killed by the Indians. 
 Stephen, the elder, and his brother. Colonel John Johnston, 
 were among the early pioneers of Ohio, to which they emi- 
 grated in 1805. The mother of the subject of this sketch 
 was Mary Caldwell, born at Bryan Station, Kentucky, and 
 one of the remarkable women of her day. She was inti- 
 mately acquainted with Daniel Boone, Little Turtle and 
 Tecumseh. The position which she occupied in pioneer 
 life was alike creditable to herself and of great service to 
 the white population of her section. She died in September 
 of 1861, at the ripe age of seventy-three years. She was 
 married to Stephen Johnston, .Sr., in 1810, in Miami 
 county, Ohio. At the age of thirteen the subject of this 
 sketch, having attended the country schools, was apprenticed 
 to a saddler, working at the bench fourteen years. He was 
 then elected Sheriff of Miami County, serving four years. 
 During this time he began to read law. In 1845 
 elected to the I.egislature from Miami county. At the ex- 
 piration of the session he engaged in farming and lumber- 
 ing, and was thus employed for the following five years. 
 In 1850 he was admitted to the bar, and opened a law 
 office in Piqua, where he has since remained in the practice 
 of his profession. In 1861 he entered the army as a Cap- 
 tain in the nth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and 
 served until he resigned his commission, in September of 
 that year. Mr. Johnston was early identified with the 
 Columbus, Piqua & Indiana Railroad Company, now the 
 Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railroad Company. He 
 
 drew its first charter, in 1849, and was for twenty years 
 attorney for the road. In 1868 he was elected President of 
 the Piqua Hydraulic Company, an organization formed to 
 carry out a project which had been in contemplation for 
 more than thirty years. At the time Mr. Johnston accepted 
 the presidency of the company the whole country was suf- 
 fering from financial embarrassment, and the scheme of 
 furnishing Piqua with water was not deemed practicable at 
 that time. Under Mr. Johnston’s supervision, and in large 
 measure owing to his tact and energy, the water-works 
 were built, and give promise of being second to none in the 
 State. Originally an old-line Whig, Mr. Johnston was 
 among the first to join the Republican party. In 1S64 he 
 was a Presidential Elector for the Fourth District of Ohio, 
 on the Lincoln ticket. Since 1870 he has voted the Dem- 
 ocratic ticket. An episode in the life of Mr. Johnston 
 somewhat resembles the cases of claimants in the Chancery 
 Court. His father having been killed by Indians, as above 
 related, the savages afterwards made what atonement they 
 could by providing, in a treaty with the government, that 
 the children of the murdered man .should have a certain 
 l>iece of land. The government ignored the treaty stipula- 
 tion and resisted the claim. For thirty years Mr. Johnston 
 spent much of his time in Washington, fighting the depart- 
 ments single-handed. Three bills were passed m his 
 favor, but each failed to become a law. At last, in 1863, 
 after a thirty years’ struggle, he accepted a conqiromise. 
 Mr. Johnston has been a valuable man to his native city, 
 taking a leading part in every enterprise of importance. 
 In 1837 he married Uretta Garnsey, of Piqua. 
 
 ASSON, JOHN H., was born in Preble county, 
 Ohio, April l8th, 1827. His father, a native of 
 Tennessee, was a farmer by occupation. His 
 mother was a native of Ohio. The subject of 
 this sketch attended school until he was nineteen 
 years of age, working on a farm during the 
 summer months. From the time he left school until he 
 reached -manhood he continued to follow farming chiefly, 
 also working in a mill and teaching school. At the age 
 of twenty-one he rrjoved to Wayne county, Indiana, where 
 
 he leased a saw-mill and engaged in the lumber business 
 for three years. He then went into the grain trade with S. 
 Thomas & Co., remaining with that firm until the panic of 
 1857. From 1858 to 1871 he was in the general commis- 
 sion and salt business, being agent for the Ohio River Salt 
 Company. In 1871 Mr. Wasson moved to Columbus and 
 organized the Central Ohio Salt Company, of Muskingum 
 and Hocking valley. He was appointed general agent of 
 this company, in which position he has since continued. 
 He has been eminently successful as a business man, the 
 result of his own energy and perseverance. In whatever 
 position he has been placed he has made the best of his 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 4S7 
 
 opportunities, maintaining through life a strict integrity. 
 He is an active and influential member of the Odd Fellows. 
 In December, 1857, he married Re.xabel E. Braffett, of New 
 Paris, Ohio. 
 
 UNLAW, HON. FRANCIS, was born in Vir- 
 ginia in 1761. When he had reached the age 
 of ten years his parents removed to western 
 Pennsylvania, where he grew to manhood. At 
 
 wars, continuing therein until the close of the 
 Revolution. He assisted in the building of Fort McIntosh, 
 in 1777, and was present at the defeat of Crawford. By 
 great perseverance he acquired a good education, without 
 the aid of instructors, and for many years followed school- 
 teaching and land-surveying. In 1797 he removed to what 
 afterwards became Warren county, Ohio. He was a mem- 
 ber of the convention which framed the constitution of the 
 new State, and also of the first Legislature. On the organi- 
 zation of the State judiciary he was made Ji'dge of the First 
 Circuit, in which position he continued for fourteen years. 
 He never missed a sitting of the court during his whole 
 term of service, and he frequently swam the Miamis on 
 horseback when other ferriage failed him. After leaving 
 the bench he practised law for fifteen years, and then re- 
 tired from active life, dying a few years later, in 1839. 
 His public career was pure and honorable, his private char- 
 acter without a stain, and his whole life one of usefulness. 
 
 f 
 
 ' 3 ' 
 
 Cl) 
 
 RKEL, HENRY, Lawyer, was born, October 19th, 
 1825, in Wiesbaden, Germany. He is the oldest 
 of three children of Rheinhart Plrkel and Maria 
 E. Hoehn. His father, a farmer through life, 
 died, December 16th, 1834, in Germany. His 
 mother subsequently was married to Conrad 
 Mentz, with whom she came to America, and settled in 
 Cincinnati, July flh, 1854. Henry received a liberal edu- 
 cation in his native country, and was taught to labor for 
 his living. Having served his apprenticeship as a painter, 
 he sailed for America in 1846, in company with some 
 relatives, landing at New York. This was nine years 
 before his mother and her family came to this country. 
 Remaining in New York city a few days only, Henry went 
 to Buffalo, worked at his trade for a few months, left there 
 and reached Cincinnati September lyih, 1846. Since then 
 he has made Cincinnati his home. He worked as a jour- 
 neyman painter until 1850, when he started in business on 
 his own account as a master painter, carrying on a large 
 business until 1861. The rebellion having begun, he ac- 
 companied General Sigel, in a responsible position, in 
 Fremont’s campaign in Mi.ssouri. He was obliged to re- 
 
 turn home in 1862, in consequence of sickness. In 1864 
 he enlisted in Company E, 183d Ohio Volunteer Infantry. 
 He accompanied his regiment to the field, and in two 
 weeks was promoted to a Second Lieutenancy. After the 
 battle of Nashville he was made a First Ideutenant, and 
 was finally given a Captain’s commission. He was in the 
 heavy fighting in Tennessee, and accompanied his regiment 
 through the North Carolina campaign. July 29th, 1865, 
 he was honorably discharged by reason of expiration of his 
 term of service. In 1865 he was appointed Deputy Sheriff 
 of Hamilton County, holding this office until he was elected 
 Magistrate, in the fall of the following year. In this po- 
 sition he remained until May, 1871, when he was appointed 
 Lieutenant of Police, and served in that capacity until May 
 of 1873. Since that time Captain Erkel has been practising 
 law with satisfactory success and discharging the duties of 
 Notary Public. He is a man of good habits, thrifty and 
 industrious. In politics he is a Republican ; in religion a 
 Protestant. March loth, 1850, he married Margaret Ochs. 
 
 (j^UNKINS, MILTON W., Physician, was born in 
 Cadiz, Harrison county, Ohio, February 25th, 
 1834. His parents were natives of Ohio. His 
 father was a cabinetmaker. The subject of this 
 sketch attended the common and high schools of 
 his native place until he was seventeen years of 
 age, when he took a clerkship in a drug store at Bridge- 
 port, Ohio. ^Yhile thus employed he read medicine with 
 Dr. McConnaughty and attended a course of lectures at 
 the Miami Medical College, Cincinnati. In February of 
 1855 he received his diploma, and in the following August 
 began to practise in Bellaire. He has remained there ever 
 since, and is now the oldest physician in the city. In 1861 
 
 Dr. Junkins was commissioned a Lieutenant in the 6ist 
 Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served in that 
 capacity for about one year, at the end of which time a 
 severe attack of asthma obliged him to resign. Having re- 
 covered somewhat from his malady he again entered the 
 army as Major of the 170th Regiment Ohio Volunteer In- 
 fantry. At the expiration of his term of service he returned 
 to Bellaire and resumed practice. Dr. Junkins is widely 
 known and is the most prominent politician in Bellaire. 
 He began to take an active interest in politics during Mr. 
 Lincoln’s first campaign. He is an ardent Republican, and 
 was the first to vote for a colored man in his city. He was 
 President of the Hayes Club of Bellaire during the last 
 State contest. While the water-works of Bellaire were in 
 process of construction Dr. Junkins acted as Preasurer of 
 the city. He has been President of the Medico-Chirurgical 
 Society of Eastern Ohio since its organization. He has 
 been associated with the press of Bellaire from the earliest 
 publication of a newspaper in that locality. He has exten- 
 sive real estate and manufacturing interests in Bellaire, is 
 
488 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 part owner of a line of steamers plying between Wheeling 
 and St. Louis, and is interested in a mercantile house of 
 Bridgeport. Dr. Junkins has done much to advance the 
 prosperity of Bellaire, and still takes a leading part in what- 
 ever promises to benefit his city. In private life he is an 
 affable, unassuming gentleman, sociable and hospitable. 
 February 1st, 1865, he married Jennie Todd, only daughter 
 of Dr. M. L. Todd, of Bellaire, from whom death separated 
 him on the 2d of October, 1873. 
 
 LEASON, ALFRED W., Lawyer, was born, Octo- 
 ber 15th, 1834, at Mohegan, New London county, 
 Connecticut. He is the son of Rev. Anson 
 Gleason, for many years pastor of the Mohegan 
 Indians. His early education was received at the 
 Mohegan district school, among the Indians. 
 Graduating from the academy at St. Johnsville, Vermont, he 
 began life as a merchant in the town of Hartley, Connecti- 
 cut. Here he passed several years in successful business, 
 when he moved to Buffalo, New York, engaging in the 
 same business. Buffalo was not to his liking, and he lo- 
 cated himself at Toledo, Ohio, where by close attention and 
 perseverance he met with good success. Retiring from 
 mercantile life he connected himself with the law firm of 
 Bissell & Co., forming the firm of Bissell, Gleason & Co. 
 He still retains this connection, and is, besides, a member 
 of Bissell & Gerrill, real estate agents. The possession of 
 the only set of abstract books in Lucas county has afforded 
 this firm superior facilities for dealing with cases of disputed 
 title, and enabled them to build up a large business. Mr. 
 Gleason is also a member of the United States Law Associa- 
 tion and Collection Union. He is a staunch Republican, 
 but has steadily declined political office. He has been 
 President of the Young Men’s Christian Association of 
 Toledo, and of the Toledo Library Association. July 7th, 
 1857, he married a daughter of the Hon. Edward Bissell, 
 one of the founders of the city of Toledo, and at one time 
 an owner of a great deal of real estate within its limits. 
 
 ’ARPER, RICE, retired from active business, was 
 born, November 28th, 1803, at Unionville, Lake 
 county, Ohio. He is the son of John A. Harper 
 and Loraine Miner. He attended the district 
 schools, but is mainly indebted to his parents for 
 his education. He studied Latin with Alexander 
 R. Chase, a brother of Chief Justice Chase. He was for 
 some time a pupil in the school of James Noyes, at Perry, 
 Lake county, Ohio. At the end of his school days he be- 
 came a clerk in a store at Ashtabula, where he remained 
 one year. He then read law with Messrs. Wheeler & 
 McClung at Unionville, being admitted to the bar in 1827. 
 
 He practised his profession until obliged by failing health to 
 seek another pursuit. In the spring of 1832 he went into 
 business at Madison, Ohio, remaining there until 1S36, 
 when he sold out and went to Painesville. Fie was the 
 originator of the Ohio Railroad, now known as the Lake 
 Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad. He helped to or- 
 ganize Erie county, Ohio, by being appointed Clerk of the 
 Court of Common Pleas, December 14th, 1838. He was 
 also appointed Clerk of the .Supreme Court for Erie county, 
 Ohio, in the year 1839. He remained at Sandusky and 
 held these two offices until February, 1855. Close confine- 
 ment and hard work had again impaired his health, and he 
 went to Iowa in the hope of regaining his strength. There 
 he became an agent and attorney for entering government 
 land, continuing his residence, however, at Sandusky, Ohio. 
 He now has the care of about 55,000 acres of land in 
 Western States, upon which he pays taxes for the owners 
 thereof. During the war of the rebellion he was a member 
 of the Board of Enrolment for a district comprising about 
 six counties. Mr. Harper makes his home in Sandusky, 
 where he has at different times since the year 1845 field tfie 
 office of City Councilman. He now is the Senior Warden 
 of Grace Church, and has been a vestryman in said church 
 for about thirty years. He is known as a man of business 
 capacity and solid worth. He is a Republican in his politi- 
 cal attachments. January 5th, 1830, Mr. Harper married 
 Susanna Montgomery, at Unionville, Lake county, Ohio. 
 
 r|t\)UDLOW, JAMES CHAMBERS, was born in 
 1798, at Ludlow Station, now part of Cincinnati. 
 He was descended from a family of Shropshire, 
 England, one of whom became noted as one of 
 the judges who passed sentence of death on 
 Charles I. This ancestor was Lieutenant-General 
 of Ireland under Cromwell, was banished after the Restora- 
 tion, and died in Vevay, Switzerland. Other members of 
 the family came to this country and settled at New Provi- 
 dence, New Jersey. The subject of this notice was the son 
 of Israel Ludlow and Charlotte Chambers, daughter of 
 James Chambers, of Chambersburg, a colonel in the revo- 
 lutionary army. James C. Ludlow passed his y'outh amid 
 the wildness and dangers of pioneer life, where Indians 
 and savage beasts were more plentiful than agreeable. He 
 grew into manhood with a robust constitution, a graceful, 
 stalwart form, and winning address. He was six feet 
 three inches in height. His was a superior education for 
 the time and place, and a good beginning he improved 
 throughout his years. He inherited a large estate, enabling 
 him to devote much time and money to philanthropic work. 
 He was the beloved elder brother of the family, and the 
 stay of his widowed mother. He was fortunate in his mar- 
 riage, and with the hearty co-operation of his noble wife 
 Josephine, he was the beneficent genius of his neighborhood. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 489 
 
 He was among the early abolitionists, being president of the 
 first anti slavery society in the ^Vest. He gave the best 
 years of his life to the cause of freedom, working with tongue 
 and pen and ready purse for the abolition of slavery. He 
 aided in starting the anti-slavery ])aper, edited first by James 
 G. Birney, and subsequently by Gamaliel Bailey. His 
 sister, Sarah Bella, who was devoted to the same cause, was 
 the wife of Judge John McLean, Postmaster-General under 
 the Jackson administration afterwards, and until his death 
 Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. 
 Mr. Ludlow’s eldest daughter, named Sarah Bella for her 
 aunt, was married in 1846 to Salmon P. Chase, late Chief- 
 Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Mrs. 
 Chase’s firm religious principles and lovely Christian charac- 
 ter had a lifelong influence upon her husband. 
 
 LEMONS, PHINEAS HARRISON, M. U., Phy- 
 sician and Surgeon, was born, February l6th, 
 1832, in San<lusky, Ohio, of American parents, 
 and of French and English ancestry. He was at 
 Oberlin for five years, and removed thence to 
 Antioch, where he received his degree of A. B., 
 being in the first class that gradualed at that college under 
 Professor Mann, and took the second degree, A. M., under 
 Dr. Thomas Hill, who is now President of Vale College. 
 On leaving Antioch he studied medicine, completing the 
 same in the medic d department of the University of Michi- 
 gan at Ann Arbor, and attended an additional course of 
 lectures in Cincinnati. He commenced the practice of his 
 profession at Detroit in 1859, where he remained only fora 
 short time. His health becoming impaired, he broVte up 
 his establishment there, and removed to Ohio, locating in 
 Van Wert county, where he practised, and in the adjoining 
 counties, for about two years and a half. In 1862, upon a 
 call being made for surgeons from Ohio, he went to Colum- 
 bus, where he was examined and approved, and was there- 
 upon assigned to the 99th Regiment of Ohio Volunteer In- 
 fantiy. He accompanied that command to Kentucky, and 
 served as Field Surgeon throughout the campaign in that 
 ■State. While in command of a sick brigade he was taken 
 sick on the road to Louisville ; he left his regiment at Jeffer- 
 sonville, having been ordered by his physician to go North 
 as soon as he was able to travel. He did so, and while 
 convalescing got married, and returned to his regiment im- 
 mediately afterwards, rejoining the command at .Silver 
 Springs, and remained with them until the advance on Mur- 
 freesboro’, being the only field surgeon with the regiment. 
 While on duty, the surgeon in charge of the 3d Division 
 Hospital sent him a written report stating that the wounded 
 who had previously been under his (Dr. Clemon.s’) charge were 
 the best dressed wounded sent from the battle field. He was 
 subsequently left in charge of the sick of the division, while his 
 regiment marched on Chattanooga with the rest of the army. 
 
 62 
 
 He w’as next assigned to the charge of the Divi^ion Hospital 
 at McMinnville, and while engaged in his duties there was 
 captured by General Wheeler’s cavalry, his wife being with 
 him at the time. He was, however, a prisoner only a few 
 days, as the Union cavalry were soon on hand, and drove 
 the rebels away. He remained there between four and five 
 months, and was then promoted to Surgeon of Volunteers. 
 He was then ordered to Murfreesboro’, where he examined 
 some six thousand recruits and assigned them to various 
 branches of the service. After the organization of the 
 colored troops, he was assigned as Surgeon to the 17th 
 United States Colored Regiment. Leaving these in 1865 he 
 was made Post Medical Director of Nashville, and while in 
 that position was present at the execution of the notorious 
 Champ Ferguson, the rebel guerilla. During the engage- 
 ment at Nashville, he was made Division Surgeon under 
 General Morgan, marching with this command in pursuit 
 of Hood while retreating from Nashville. He was mustered 
 out of the service in April, 1866. He has been engaged in 
 practice altogether about sixteen years. Upon the removal 
 of Dr. Agard from Sandusky, Dr. Clemons succeeded him 
 in his business, and since his residence in that city, owing 
 to his skill as a physician and his past excellent military 
 record as a surgeon, has become one of the leading medical 
 [jractitioners of Sandusky. 
 
 
 'll 
 
 I 
 
 ’•>/ 
 
 ;OUNG, S.LMUEL M., Lawyer and Banker, was 
 born, December 29th, 1806, in Grafton, Lebanon 
 county. New Hampshire. His parents were na- 
 tive America..s of English and Irish descent. 
 His father was an architect, builder and civil en- 
 gineer. .Samuel M. received the first of his 
 schooling in the district school at Plainfield, New Hamp- 
 shire. He next took a full course in the high school at 
 Sharon, Vermont, and subsequently passed with credit 
 through the academy at Burlington, Vermont. Leaving 
 this institution he read law with the Hon. J. M. Pomeroy. 
 In 1835 he moved to Maumee City, Lucas county, Ohio. 
 In the same year he was elected Auditor of Lucas county, 
 being the first to hold that office. In 1838 Mr. Young took 
 into his office, as a student at law, Morrison R. Waite, now 
 Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. 
 At the end of one year Mr. Young associated himself in 
 practice with Mr. Waite, the two practising together in 
 Maumee City until 1850, when Mr. Waite went to Toledo 
 and started a branch office. The firm did a successful 
 business until its dissolution in 1854- In 1856 Mr. Young 
 was elected President of the Branch of the Commercial 
 Bank of Ohio, holding this position until that institu- 
 tion consolidated with the Bank of Toledo, which merged 
 into the National Bank of Toledo in 1865. Mr. Young 
 has never as]nred to political office. Originally a Whig, 
 he has acted with the Republican party since its birth. 
 In 1842 he was Adjutant of the Ohio militia. He was 
 
490 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOIALDIA. 
 
 one of a company formed to build a bridge over the 
 Maumee river. Among the other hindrances with which 
 the company met was the washing away of the work as it 
 progressed. This occurred three several times, to the great 
 discouragement of most of the gentlemen interested. Mr. 
 Young had firm faith in the success of the project, and by 
 his persistence and wise counsels had the bridge completed 
 in 1S49. He is now one of the principal owners cf the 
 bridge. From 1S61 to 1863 he was one of a company which 
 leased the canals of the State, embracing about 850 miles 
 of canal property, including within the lease the Ohio and 
 the Wabash and Erie canals. In 1S62 Mr. Young asso- 
 ciated himself with Mr. Abner L. Backus and built some 
 of the extensive elevators at Toledo, which business proved 
 successful beyond expectation. For eight years Mr. Young 
 was President of the Toledo Coke and Gaslight Company. 
 In 1S58 he was elected a Director of the Cleveland & To- 
 ledo Railroad Company, holding the position for ten years, 
 until the Cleveland & Toledo was consolidated with the 
 Michigan Southern Raihoad Company. Mr. Young is one 
 of the Directors of the narrow gauge railroad now' being 
 constructed from Toledo to Columbus. He is also one of 
 the principal stockholders in the Boody House, Toledo, and 
 President of the company. Many obstacles were encoun- 
 tered in the construction of the Boody House, but Mr. 
 Young’s energy swept them all away, and he had the satis- 
 faction of seeing finished one of the finest hotels in the 
 country. June 9lh, 1841, Mr. Young married Angeline L. 
 I’pton, at Maumee City. Mrs. Young’s parents were natives 
 of New York. Her father dying when she was but a child, 
 her mother moved to Ohio and married Dr. Horatio Conart, 
 one of the founders of Maumee City. 
 
 ^'RTON, EDWARD, President of the Ohio Agri- 
 cultural and Mechanical College, was born, March 
 9lh, 1829, at Deposit, Delaware county. New 
 York. He is the son of Rev. .Samuel G. Orton, 
 D. D., who graduated from Hamilton College, 
 New York, in 1822. His mother was Clara 
 Gregory, of .\lbany. New York. Edward attemled the 
 academy at Fredonia, but is chiefly indebted to home influ- 
 ences for the carefully laid groundwork which fitted him to 
 enter college and assume a creditable standing at the outset. 
 In 1848 he graduated from Hamilton College, Clinton, New 
 York, twenty-six years after his father had taken a diploma 
 from the same institution. On leaving college he was for 
 one year engaged as assistant teacher in the academy, Erie, 
 Pennsylvania. In 1849 ^6 joined Lane Seminary, Cincin- 
 nati, Ohio, but withdrew at the end of one year on account 
 of failing eyesight. The following year he devoted to trav- 
 elling through Pennsylvania and New York, making most 
 of the journey on foot. In 1850 he accepted a position as 
 assistant teacher in the Delaware Literary Institute, at 
 
 F'ranklin, New York, where he remained for three years. 
 He spent six months of study in the Lawrence Scientific 
 School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and in 1856 was called 
 to the Professorship of Natural Sciences in the State Normal 
 School, Albany, New York. This he resigned in 1859 to 
 become Principal of Chester Academy, Clrange county. New 
 York. He remained here until 1865, when he took charge 
 of the preparatory department of Antioch College, Yellow 
 .Springs, Ohio, where he was made Professor of -Natural 
 .Sciences in 1S66. In 1869 he was appointed by Governor 
 Hayes, Assistant Geologist on the Ohio Geological Survey. 
 In 1S72 he was elected President of Antioch College, and 
 in 1873 ^’'6 became President of the Ohio Agricultural and 
 Mechanical College at Columbus, which position he has 
 since filled with great credit. Mr. Orton was originally a 
 \Yhig, next a Free-Soiler, and has for many years been a 
 Republican. In 1855 he married Mary M. Jennings, at 
 Franklin, New York, who died at Yellow Springs in 1873. 
 He married Anna D. Toney, of Millbury, Massachusetts, 
 
 IITH, BENJAMIN, was born, October 5th, 1787, 
 in the county of West Chester, New York State, 
 in a little town then called East Chester. He 
 was the youngest of two children whose parents 
 were Jacob and .Sarah Smith. His father was an 
 early settler of the section where he resided, was 
 participant in the war of the Revolution, and died 
 I from wounds received in one of the last battles of that 
 struggle. His mother was a native of New York State, and 
 her family were likewise intimately identified with the 
 patriot cause of ’76. At the age of twenty Benjamin began 
 life on his own resources as a shoemaker. Up to this time 
 his education had been very limited, and he had been early 
 taught to labor. He began his occupation in Westchester 
 county, and remained there about five years constantly 
 eng.agcd in the pursuit of his avocation. In 1S12 he re- 
 ; moved to Cincinnati and embarked in the grocery business, 
 i which he carried on for three years. Meanwhile war with 
 Great Britain was declared by the Lurited States, and he 
 became a volunteer, and was in New Orleans when the 
 great victory was gained by General Jackson over the 
 British forces under General Pakenham. On quitting the 
 grocery business he became a pilot on the Ohio and Missis- 
 sippi rivers for some three years. He next returned to 
 Cincinnati and resumed his original trade of a shoemaker, 
 which he pursued until 1832, when he was made Constable 
 of the Fourth Ward, and performed its duties about four 
 years. On vacating that office he returned to his bench, 
 and carried on the shoemaking business until the autumn 
 of 1849, when he was appointed a policeman, and performed 
 the duties of that station more or less for about twenty years, 
 when he retired from the force. Since that time, with the 
 exception of some seven months passed at the Hot Springs, 
 
BIOGRAPIIICAL ENCVCLOP.^IDIA. 
 
 491 
 
 Arkansas, he has been leading a quiet life at his residence, 
 No. 4S3 West Seventh street, Cincinnati. Although he is 
 in the eighty-ninth year of his age, his constitution is more 
 robust, his step lighter, and his faculties in general less im- 
 paired than the majority of those who have reached so great 
 an age. He is well known to all the old citizens of Cin- 
 cinnati, and his knowledge concerning the early days and 
 subsequent progress of his adopted city is full and precise. 
 When .he first arrived, sixty-four years ago, the population 
 was only in the hundreds ; he has witnessed its growth to 
 the hundred thousands. At that time the greater portion 
 of the present city was in fields, and Main street was opened 
 only a little above the canal. Then, the banks of the river 
 were nothing but bold bluffs, and the only means by which 
 passengers could land from boats and pass up to Main 
 street was by a plank gangway, built by some enterprising 
 indivi<luals engaged in the flatboat trade. This gangway was 
 near the old nine-story steam mill on the bank of the river a 
 short distance above the present line of Broadway. He 
 also remembers that beyond Main street to the eastward of 
 the site of the old Lytle mansion, but two houses had been 
 built ; one of these was at the corner of Sycamore and Fourth 
 streets, and the other at a short distance beyond. As 
 already remarked, he retains an amount of vigor and good 
 health wonderful in so aged a man, and he is now enjoying 
 the competence which he has acquired through a long and 
 careful husbanding of hard-earned labor. The venerable 
 few that connect us with the past are passing away rapidly; 
 but few of the original pioneers remain. He was married, 
 August, 1812, to Nancy Horton, a native of Westchester 
 county. New York, and is the father of thirteen children, 
 of whom six are yet living. 
 
 
 jjROWN, LLOYD SMETHURST, Retired Mer- 
 chant and Capitalist, was born, October 24th, 
 1S12, in Canand.aigua, New York. He is the 
 second of five children of John Oliver Brown and 
 Elizabeth Smethurst. His father was a shoe- 
 maker. At an early date the family settled in 
 Columbia, Hamilton county, Ohi >. After remaining here 
 for a while they removed to New America (now Cairo), 
 Illinois. From New America they went to Veray, Indiana, 
 and thence to Evansville, in the same State, where the father 
 died in 1819 and the mother in 1822. Left an orphan at 
 an early age, the subject of this sketch went to live with his 
 uncle, Lloyd Smethurst, near Montgomery, Hamilton county, 
 Ohio. At the end of two years he went to learn tinsniith- 
 ing, at Montgomery. His early education having been 
 meagre, he devoted his leisure hours to study, strengthening 
 his mind and storing it with knowledge that stood him in 
 good stead in after years. After two years spent at his trade 
 he entered a store in Montgomery, remained there until 
 October of 1840, and then embarked in business for himself 
 
 in the same place. At the expiration of four years he opened 
 a dry-goods store in Cincinnati, remained there less than a 
 year, and returned to Montgomery, where, until 1846, he 
 was engaged in general mercantile pursuits. In the fall of 
 1846 he moved to Lockland, and there confined his atten- 
 tion to merchandising until 1S61, when he bought an 
 interest in the Cincinnati &; Xenia Turnpike Company, and 
 was elected its Secretary and Treasurer. He has since 
 devoted his time chiefly to the advancement of this public 
 enterprise, to the settling of estates and to the insurance 
 business. In 1839 Mr. Brown was elected Treasurer of 
 Sycamore township, which position he held for fifteen years. 
 In 1875 he accepted the Democratic nomination for the 
 Ohio Legislature. Mr. Brown's sterling worth and energy 
 have won him the respect of the community. Socially he 
 is an affable and pleasing gentleman. October ist, 1840, 
 he married Margaret A. Weaver, a native of Rockingham, 
 Yirginia. 
 
 ^^I^U.STON, J.LMES, Jr., Farmer and Teacher, was 
 born, November 20th, 1S19, in Cumberland 
 county, near Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He was the 
 oldest of the twelve children of Paul and Mary 
 (Carruthers) Huston. His father, a native of the 
 north of Ireland, accompanied his parents to 
 America when he was about four years of age. The family 
 settled near Carlisle, Pennsylvania, where Paul Huston 
 grew to manhood, and married Mary Carruthers, a native 
 of Cumberland county, though of Irish descent. In 1823 
 the couple removed to Hamilton county, Ohio, with their 
 family. They lived there for about seven years, and then 
 removed to Logan county, Ohio. There the father, who 
 was a farmer, continued to reside engaged in agricultural 
 pursuits until his death, and there, too, the mother died. 
 When the family removed to Ohio, James Huston was four 
 years of age. His education was received in the common 
 schools of the frontier settlements of that day. His training 
 at school was supplemented by a still better training at 
 home, where habits of industry, temperance, and morality 
 were formed, which constituted the foundation of his future 
 career. In the year 1837 he removed to Hamilton county, 
 Ohio, and found work on a farm there. Notwithstanding 
 his limited education, he possessed keen and well-cultivated 
 powers of observation, and these powers he had used to 
 good effect. He was, withal, an industrious and intelligent 
 reader, so that he was really better educated than many a 
 youth who had possessed far greater opportunities for school 
 attendance. In 1838, when he was nineteen years old, he 
 began to teach school in Warren county, near Mason, and 
 continued leaching there for about a year. In 1840 he 
 went to New Orleans. He had visited the city several times 
 before, both by steamer and flatboat, but after each of these 
 trii)s he had returned directly to f)hio. On this occasion, 
 after remaining in New Orleans about a week, he went to 
 
 
492 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 Tennessee and remained near Lebanon, in that State, for 
 about six months teaching. In the summer of 1841 here- 
 turned to Hamilton county, Ohio, and resumed his work of 
 teaching there. He continued teaching and prosecuting 
 his literary studies until the year 1850. In that year, being 
 infected with the gold fever, lie went to California via 
 Panama, the trip occupying over four months. He remained 
 in California about two years, engaged in mining during that 
 time, and in 1852 returned by steamer, coming back by way 
 of Panama and New York. Returning to Hamilton county, 
 he resumed his old work of teaching, and continued en- 
 gaged in that business and the business of farming until the 
 breaking out of the war of the rebellion, when he entered 
 the army as Captain of Company I, 138th Regiment Ohio 
 Volunteer Infantry. His political record is that of a liberal 
 Democrat. In 1861 he was elected a member of the State 
 Legislature, and was re-elected in 1863. Dining his second 
 term he was Chairman of the Committee on Schools and 
 .School Lands. In 1870 he was appointed Assistant in the 
 County Treasurer’s office. Since 1865 he has devoted him- 
 self mainly to farming in Sycamore township, Hamilton 
 county. He has for years past been a member in high stand- 
 ing of the Masonic fraternity, and is closely identified with 
 the order of the Patrons of Husbandry. He was brought 
 up in the Presbyterian Church, but, though of religious tem- 
 perament and convictions, his views are not circumscribed 
 by the creed of any particular church. He has an abiding 
 faith in practical religion, believing that we are on the verge 
 of a change when its vast importance to man in this life, and 
 its benign influence on his actions here rather than his con- 
 dition hereafter will be justly appreciated. Socially he is 
 pleasant and affable, a man of much popularity among all as- 
 sociated with him, Possessing quick and generous impulses, 
 he is yet characterized by a mathematical mind, basing con- 
 clusions on strictly logical premises. He was married, July 
 3d, 1S44, to Rebecca Voorhees, a native of Hamilton county, 
 and daughter of Samuel Voorhees, one of the earliest and 
 best settlers of the region. 
 
 'ARES, SEBASTIAN, Merchant, was born in Ba- 
 varia in 1825. At the age of six, according to 
 the requirements of the strict compulsory school 
 laws of Germany, he started to school, remaining 
 until the age of ten, when his whole family sailed 
 for America. In 1S35 they arrived in Auglaize 
 county, Ohio, his brother having jrreceded them one year 
 and decided on this location for the family. Here the sub- 
 ject of this sketch remained and worked on the farm two 
 years with his father. Leaving home at the early age of 
 twelve, young Fares began life for himself as a messenger 
 and supply-boy to men working on the Miami canal. On 
 different parts of this canal he worked in various capacities 
 for .seven years. At the age of nineteen, in 1S43, he came 
 to Cincinnati, where in a few months he commenced his 
 
 career as a stove dealer, in the house of William E. Childs, 
 on Fifth street. After five and a half years spent with Childs, 
 he found it to his advantage to enter the house of French, 
 Strong & Feine, remaining as a clerk in this house seven 
 years, at the end of which time, there already havtng been 
 several changes in the firm, he, with Mr. Miller, bought out 
 the establishment, which then became the house of Fares & 
 Miller. Now Mr. P’isher is a member of the partnership. 
 Since the time of entering the store of Mr. Childs in 1843 
 Mr. Fares has been in the stove business thirty-two years. 
 During this lifetime in business he has never left Fifth street, 
 and has been continually prosperous. Some years the busi- 
 ness of his house has run as high as ^5150,000 — in fact he 
 has done the largest retail stove trade of the city. There 
 are represented in his vast variety of stoves, ranges and fur- 
 niture more first-class Eastern manufactories than all other 
 retail establishments in the city. On a great deal of this 
 valuable collection he has received yearly first premiums at 
 the Cincinnati Exposition. Although he has been too busy 
 to dabble in politics, yet during the great rebellion he was 
 not behind scores of busy men who were always ready to 
 lend a helping hand to the cause of the nation. While not 
 one of the wealthiest men of Cincinnati, still he has gathered 
 a competency, and enough to put him beyond the chances 
 of the future. He is a Congregationalist in his religious 
 affiliations and a Christian tradesman, who believes that 
 honorable dealing with his fellow-men is the only road to 
 permanent success. In 1856 he was married to Alma C. 
 Bacon, of Vermont. 
 
 EED, WILLIAM P., Boot and Shoe Manufacturer, 
 was born, P'ebruary 14th, 1839, in the city of 
 Worcester, Massachusetts, and is the son of John 
 and B. (Andrews) Reed. He is of Welsh de- 
 scent, the family having emigrated to America at 
 an early day and were numbered among the Puri- 
 tans of Massachusetts colony. His educational advantages 
 were meagre in the extreme, for he was taken from school 
 at the early age of ten years and sent to a boot and shoe 
 factory to learn the business and earn a livelihood. In his 
 thirteenth year he was engaged by E. A. Goodenow, the 
 well known and successful manufacturer of Worcester, and 
 remained with him about three years. He then removed to 
 the West, and was employed in a shoe store in Rockford, 
 Illinois, until 1856, when he proceeded to Columbus, Ohio, 
 and effected an engagement with Mr. Kimball as a clerk in 
 his store. Twenty years ago he entered that city penniless, 
 but possessing a good knowledge of his business, indomit- 
 able perseverance and untiring industry. These qualities 
 soon showed themselves, and have led him on to fortune. 
 In about three years after his arrival in the capital city of 
 Ohio he had obtained a one-third interest in the store. The 
 retail business failing to give sufficient scope to his enter- 
 prise, he associated himself with Mr. Jones in 1864, and com- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 493 
 
 menced the manufacture of boots and shoes, thus establish- 
 ing the first factory of the kind in Columbus. The capital 
 invested at the outset was fifteen thousand dollars. Under 
 good management the concern has so prospered that the 
 sales during the past year, although a year of financial de- 
 pression, reached the sum of six hundred thousand dollars, 
 and the profits of the firm for the past eight years amount to 
 over a quarter million dollars. At present there are from 
 one hundred to one hundred and twenty-five persons em- 
 ployed in the factory, of whom about one-third are women. 
 He was married in 1869 to Grace Kimball, daughter of his 
 first employer and partner, and is the father of two children. 
 
 E.UNS, THOM.US W., Iron Manufacturer, was born 
 in Spartansburg, South Carolina, November 23d, 
 1803, being the third child in a family of six, 
 whose parents were John and Anna (Williamson) 
 Means. The father, a native of Union county. 
 South Carolina, was chiefly engaged in agricul- 
 tural pursuits. In 1819 he moved to Ohio, settling in 
 Adams county, near Manchester, where he resided until his 
 death. He won distinction, and in some cases great hos- 
 tility, through his strong anti-slavery views, and upon re- 
 moval to Ohio took with him his slaves and there set them 
 at liberty. He was a member of the Legislature in .South 
 Carolina, and also in Ohio, and was Colonel of militia in 
 his native State. He was of Scotch-Irish extraction, of the 
 Presbyterian faith, and was brother to four patriots who were 
 active participants In the struggles of the revolutionary con- 
 flict. The mother, a native of North Carolina, was of Eng- 
 lish extraction, and of a family distantly connected with Sir 
 Isaac Newton. The subject of this sketch became in his 
 tenth year a student in a select educational establishment 
 located near his home, where he remained only six years, 
 but through diligence in stuily he acquired in this short time 
 not only a knowledge of the various ordinrry branches 
 taught at that period, but also a considerable acquaintance 
 with the classics. He spent his first two years in Ohio upon | 
 his father’s farm, and in 1821 entereil a store in West Union, j 
 Adams county, where he remained until 1830, excepting 
 two years spent in merchandising at Union Furnace. Dur- 
 ing this period Mr. Means made numerous trips to the East, 
 as was the custom with merchants of the time, in order to 
 procure and personally forward their merchandise, and his j 
 narratives of those early travels are full of interest and in- 
 struction, forming no little part of his vast and entertaining 
 store of anecdotes. He returned to Lawrence county in 
 1830 and became Assistant Manager of Union Furnace, 
 where he resided un'il 1833, and then moved to Union ! 
 Landing. Here he may be said to have spent the prime of j 
 life, devoting himself diligently to his favorite pursuit, the j 
 manufacture of iron. In 1866 he purchased a farm near ; 
 Hanging Rock, Lawrence county, since his place of resi- ! 
 
 dence. During the last ten years he has been engaged 
 mainly in the iron interests of the Hanging Rock iron re- 
 gion as a vei-y large and influential stockholder. He now 
 owns large interests in the Buena Vista, Bellefonte, Pine 
 Grove and Ohio P'urnaces, and in the Norton Iron Works, 
 of Ashland, Kentucky. He is also the holder of extensive 
 properties and of bank stock in Ashland, and is the President 
 of the Second National Bank of Ironton, Ohio. His political 
 creed finds expression in the doctrines of the Republican 
 party, and his initial vole at a PresideiUial election was cast 
 in favor of John Quincy Adams. In religion he is a Con- 
 gregationalist. His present fortune is the result, not of lucky 
 turnings and accidents, or precarious investment of specula- 
 tion, but of careful and far-seeing legitimate business opera- 
 tions, based upon economy, integrity and industry. Now in 
 the calm sunset of a successful life, surrounded by hosts of 
 loving and revering friends and kindred, he may conjure up 
 fearlessly the records of his many years, and leave them to 
 his survivors as an honorable, as a valuable legacy. He was 
 married, December 4th, 1828, to Sarah Ellison, a native of 
 Adams county, Ohio, daughter of John Ellison, an early 
 settler of Manchester, Adams county; she died in April, 
 1871, having given issue of nine children. 
 
 j^AZEN, GENERAL WILLIAM BABCOCK, was 
 born at West Hartford, Windsor county, Vermont, 
 September 27th, 1830. His parents were Still- 
 man and Ferone (Fenno) Hazen. Their ances- 
 tors were from Connecticut, and members of the 
 Plazen family, serving with distinction in the war 
 of the Revolution. Stillman Hazen removed to Huron, 
 Portage county, Ohio, in 1833. Of his family of three sons 
 and three daughters, William B. was next to the youngest. 
 After receiving a good common school education, he was 
 made a cadet at West Point, entering there about the time 
 he came of age. After he was graduated, in June, 1855, he 
 was made a Brevet Second Lieutenant in the 4th Infantry, 
 and sailed in September to join his regiment, at P'ort Read- 
 ing, on the Pacific coast. He served throughout the Indian 
 troubles in Oregon, and in 1856 built Fort Yamhill. Being 
 promoted to a Second Lieutenancy in the 8th Infantry, he 
 proceeded to Texas in the fall of 1856 to join his regiment 
 at I'ort Davis. During the Indian troubles in western Texas 
 and New Mexico he served with great credit, and was several 
 times complimented in general orders. In the fall of 1859, 
 while in a hand-to-hand encounter with a Camanche brave, 
 he received severe gunshot wounds. After this, and while 
 convalescent, citizens of Texas presented him with a sword 
 for services rendered on the frontier. Early in i860 he left 
 Texas, and the same year was brevetted a First Lieutenant 
 for gallant conduct in that department, and in the following 
 spring was promoted to a full Lieutenancy. When he had 
 sufficiently recovered from his wounds to go on duty, he was 
 
494 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 made Assistant Professor of Infantry Tactics at West Point. 
 In September, i86l, after repeatedly recjuesting to be sent 
 into active service, he was given leave of absence with 
 authority to take command of the 41st Ohio Infantry. After 
 being stationed for a few weeks at Gallipolis, he reported to 
 General Buell at L.ouisville, and on the 6th of January, 
 1S62, was appointed to command the 19th Brigade, Army 
 of the Ohio. In the succeeding April he took part in the 
 battle of Pittsburgh Landing, and in a charge at the head 
 of his troops captured two batteries and a large number of 
 prisoners. He moved with tlie army to the siege of Corinth, 
 and afterward served in northern Alabama until ordered to 
 take command of the post at Murfreesboro’. His brigade 
 made a dettrmiiied stand in the battle at this point, and for 
 this and other soldierly qualities, its commander was made 
 a Brigadier-General. During 1S63 he was very active in 
 the military district, and at Chickamauga was in the hottest 
 part of the battle, his being the last organized command lo 
 leave the field. IBs brigade was engaged in several suc- 
 cessful military operations after this, and his personal cour- 
 age was conspicuous on many occasions. In August, 1S64, 
 he was transferred to the Army of the Tennessee, and 
 jdaced in command of the 2d Division of the 15th Army 
 Corps. He commanded this division in the “ march to the 
 sea,” and was detailed by Sherman to storm Fort McAllister, 
 near Savannah. This he accomplished successfully, cap- 
 turing the garrison, ordnance, and everything connected 
 with its armament. In Janu.ary, 1865, he was sent with his 
 division to South Carolina, and participated in several en- 
 gagements in that campaign. For bravery displayed in the 
 capture of P'ort McAllister, he was created a Major-General, 
 and soon after appointed to command the 15th Army Corps. 
 Since the war he has been in continued service, and in the 
 army holds the rank of Colonel and Brevet Brigadier 
 General. 
 
 i. 
 
 
 
 
 cD 
 
 JLTE, JOSEPH HVPPOLYTE, M. D., was born 
 in Meschede, Westphalia, October 6th, 1811. His 
 father, Hermann Joseph Pulte, M. D., was the 
 Medical Director of one of the government institu- 
 tions for the education ol midwives, and as these 
 had to be organized all over the newly acquired 
 provinces, he was especially deputed for that service, besides 
 presiding over those confided to his care. He was a man 
 of great strength of character, and left a noble example, 
 which his son labored to imitate. After he had completed 
 his classical course at the Gymnasium of Soest, and his 
 medical studies at the University of Marburg, he accepted 
 an tnvitation from his oldest brother to accompany him to 
 America. Eagerly embr.vcing the opportunity thus opened 
 to him, he sailed for the United States in the spring of 1S34. 
 Landing at New York, he started for St. Louis to meet his 
 brother who had preceded him, and passing through Penn- 
 sylvania, was induced by a personal friend to remain at Cher- 
 
 : ryville, Northampton county. Here he formed the acquaint- 
 ance of Dr. Williatri Wesselhoeft, who, at that time, resided 
 a few miles distant. F'rom httn he learned of the system of 
 Hahnemann, and its wonderful success, and on his sugges- 
 tion was led to test its merits by actual experiments. The 
 results were so remarkable that he_ warmly embraced the 
 new .system, and became enthusiastic in his devotion to it. 
 He gave to its study the whole of his energy, and shrank 
 from no hardship or expense necessary to complete acquaint- 
 ance with it. At that time the labor of attaining a thorough 
 knowledge of homoeopathy was very great. There were no 
 books upon the subject to be had. Text-books and reper- 
 tories were not known. A large part of the facts and 
 ))ractical knowledge existed only in manuscripts sent from 
 Europe, and here extensively copied and circulated; these 
 he thoroughly studied. It was by these means that the first 
 attempt at a more .systematic and fixed treatment of Asiatic 
 cholera was transmitted to the Northampton County Society 
 of Homoeopathic Physicians, and piously studied and rever- 
 entially copied by its members. Slow and tedious as was 
 this process, it proved effective in keeping alive the zeal of 
 the adherents of the system, and probably made a deeper 
 impression upon their minds. Knowledge thus acquired 
 was not easily forgotten. Dr. Pulte soon joined the band 
 of homoeopathists n ho had formed the society in Northamp- 
 ton county — the first one of the kind in this country. It 
 registered among its members some of the most eminent 
 practitioners whom the State has ever known, and many 
 clergymen who gave the influence of their position and cul- 
 ture to the advancement of the cause. The most valuable 
 accession to the society was Dr. C. Hering, who had taken 
 up his residence in Allentown to preside over the academy 
 which had been formed by the little band of homcEopathists. 
 Dr. Pulte recognized in Dr. Hering a man of power and of 
 admirable administrative abilities, and submitted gladly to 
 the moulding influence of his genius. Having assisted to 
 organize the academy, he now gave his best energies to sus- 
 tain its reputation, and advance its prosperity. After six 
 years of increasing activity, and on the dissolution of the 
 academy, he went' to Cincinnati in 1S40, on his way to meet 
 his brother in St. Louis. He travelled in company with an 
 intelligent Englishman, Mr. Edward Giles, who, converted 
 to the theory of homoeopathy, needed j.ractical proof if it 
 could be had. On the steamer he met with the lady who 
 was destined to be his wife, and to nhom he was married 
 in 1S40. Remainitig in Cincinnati long enough to give Mr. 
 Giles an opportunity of witnessitig cures by homoeopathy, 
 he opened a private dispensary, where soon the sick chil- 
 dren of the poorer classes gathered for relief. It was sum- 
 mer, and the usual complaints of the season were prevalent. 
 Mr. Giles was witness to the marvellous cures performed, 
 and yielded to the force of the evidence thus furnished. 
 The news of his success soon spread over the city, and rich 
 and poor applied to him for help; and, in less than six 
 weeks from the time of his arrival, he was in full practice. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EN'CYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 495 
 
 and obliged to relinquish his contemplated visit to St. Louis. 
 In 1846 he published a work on history, entitled “ Organon 
 of the History of the World.” This volume, altogether 
 original in its mode of dealing with its subject, gained for 
 him the esteem and friendship of such men as Humboldt, 
 Guizot, Schelling, Bunsen, Lepsius, and W. C. Bryant. In 
 1S48, having originated a plan for carrying the electric 
 telegraph around the world, via Behring’s Straits, or the 
 Aleutian Islands, to Asia, and thence to Europe, he visited 
 Europe to submit his well-matured plans to the governments 
 immediately interested. His efforts were not successful; 
 but the same project, with the same detailed data, is now 
 carried into effect. He returned to America promptly, as 
 the Asiatic cholera was making rapid strides toward this 
 continent. During the prevalence of this fearful scourge in 
 184^ he had the satisfaction of seeing the homoeopathic 
 treatment triumphant over all others. It was by his e'xer- 
 tions and counsel that a uniform prophylactic and curative 
 system was recommended to the Homoeopathic Society, and 
 generally adopted by the people. Aftet this memorable 
 encounter with the most terrible scourge of the world, he 
 had the gratification of seeing homoeopathy firmly estab- 
 lished in the West and South, and receiving to its fold large 
 numbers of the ablest allopathic ptactitioners. In 1850 he 
 published his “ Domestic Practice,” a work that, entirely 
 original in its arrangement, has rendered, by its immense 
 popularity, many works on the subject unnecessary to the 
 present time. Reprinted in London, it has passed through 
 several editions; and, translated into Spanish, has become 
 the received authority in Spain, Cuba, and the South Ameri- 
 can republics. In 1852, in connection with Dr. H. P. 
 Gatchell, he commenced tlie publication of the American 
 Magazine of Ilonmopathy and Hydropathy. It continued 
 two years as a monthly ; in the third as a quarterly, under 
 Dr. C. D. Williams, and was then discontinued. During 
 this time. Dr. Pulte filled with great acceptance the chair 
 of Clinical Medicine in the Hoinoeopathic College in Cleve- 
 kxnd, and afterwards that of Obstetrics. While lecturing 
 on this latter subject, he prepareil for general use a work on 
 the diseases of women, entitled “ The Woman’s Medical 
 Guide.’’ It appeared in Cincinnati in 1853. This little 
 work gained a very rapid popularity in this country and in 
 England, and was translated into Spanish in Havana, where 
 it has an extended circulation. When di|rhtheria appeared 
 as an epidemic, he embodied in a monograph his views, 
 with the results of his experience, anr) his mode of treat- 
 ment. It was widely spread throughout the West. In 
 1S55, the centennary of Hahnemann’s birth, he delivered 
 the address before the American Institute of Homoeopathy 
 in Buffalo, New York. Full of years and of honors. Dr. 
 Pulte has made the most valuable contribution to the cause 
 of homoeopathy in the endowment of the college which 
 bears his name. It was opened in Cincinnati, September 
 27th, 1872, and is one of the most valuable schools for the 
 advancement of homoeopathy. 
 
 cBRIDE, JAMES, Author and Scientist, was born 
 near Greencastle, Franklin county, Pennsylvania, 
 November 2d, 17S8. His grandparents on both 
 sides were Scotch. His father was killed by the 
 Indians while he was an infant. The son emi- 
 grated to Hamilton, Butler county, Ohio, in 1806. 
 and at once took prominence among the pioneers of those 
 days. P'or many years he devoted his attention to the sur- 
 vey and investigation of supposed ancient fortifications in 
 southern Ohio and Indiana, and he contributed abundant 
 material to the work issued by the Smithsonian Institute, 
 entitled “Ancient Monuments of the Mississijipi Valley.” 
 From its fiist organization he was a foremost patron of the 
 Miami University at Oxford. At his death he left behind 
 an immense quantity of valuable manuscripts relating to the 
 early settlement of Ohio, and the books published from them 
 have been of incalculable benefit to the historian and biog- 
 rapher. During life he was a large contributor to various 
 journals, but he was not a journalist in the strict meaning of 
 the term, for all he wrote took the shape of communica- 
 tions. He was married early in life to Hannah, daughter 
 of Judge l.ylle, of Butler county. He died October 3d, 
 1859, the decease of his wife occurring but ten days previ- 
 ous, and his own end being hastened by inconsolable grief. 
 
 'OOPER, WILLIAM C., Lawyer, was born, De- 
 cember i8th, 1832, at Mount Vernon, Knox 
 county, Ohio, of American parentage, and of 
 Scotch-Irish lineage. His father, and also his 
 mother, were from Washington county, Pennsyl- 
 vania ; the former followed agricultural pursuits 
 through life, and was a man of influence in the county, and 
 filled the office of Mayor of the town. William attended 
 the Mount V’ernon Academy and other private schools until 
 he was nineteen years of age, working on the farm during 
 vacation. He then commenced the study of law with Col- 
 onel J. W. V’ance and J. Smith, Jr., and was admitted to 
 the bar when twenty-two years old. He afterwards passed 
 some eighteen months in travelling, and on his return home 
 
 became associated with one of his preceptors. Colonel Vance, 
 and practised his profession in that connection until 1864, 
 when the firm was dissolved by the death of Colonel Vance 
 on the battle-field. During the continuance of this co- 
 partnership they had the largest practice in Mount Vernon. 
 At the outbreak of the war the junior partner had enlisted 
 in the 4th Ohio Volunteer Infantry and was elected First 
 Lieutenant of Company B. He served with that command 
 until January, 1862, when he resigned and returned home 
 to take charge of his business. In 1864 he was appointed 
 Colonel of the I42d Regiment Ohio Volunteers, and served 
 at Petersburg during the period of the one hundred days 
 service; this was immediately after the death of Colonel 
 Vance. He then returned to Mount V’ernon, where he 
 
496 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDl A. 
 
 passed a year in real estate operations, and then resumed 
 the practice of law for another year, alone. He afterwards 
 associated himself with H. D. Porter, with whom he prac- 
 tised for two years, when L. H. Mitchell was added to the 
 firm, the name and style of which became Cooper, Porter & 
 Mitchell. This copartnership was dissolved in June, 1875, 
 since which time he has practised alone, and enjoys an ex- 
 tensive and lucrative patronage. He has filled several 
 offices, having been elected Prosecuting Attorney in 1858, 
 and re-elected in i860, his term expiring in 1862. In i860 
 he was also elected Mayor of Mount Vernon, and re-elected 
 in 1862, his official term expiring in 1864. In 1871 he was 
 elected a member of the Ohio Legislature, where he served 
 two years, but declined a re election. In political views he 
 is a Republican, and has been a member of the Stale Cen- 
 tral Committee for several years. He was also a delegate 
 to the National Republican Convention, in 1872, wherein 
 he was a member of the Committee on Resolutions. Per- 
 sonally he is of a social and pleasant disposition, and en- 
 joys the respect and esteem of the community wherein he 
 resides. He was married, January Sth, 1864, to Eliza, 
 only daughter of Dr. Russell, of Mount Vernon. 
 
 AND, SYLVESTER, Manufacturer of Marbleized 
 Iron and Slate, Dealer in Slate, Contractor and 
 Builder, was born, October 15th, 1818, in Butler 
 county, Ohio, and is a son of Gideon Hand, who 
 removed from New Jersey in 1812 to Ohio, 
 where he nnrried, resided and died on his fiirm, 
 in Butler county. After a short time passed at school 
 young Hand went to Cincinnati, in 1835, and at once 
 began to learn the trade of a carpenter, at which he 
 worked for three and a half years as an apprentice, never 
 receiving during this period over fifty dollars a year. 
 When he reaxthed the age of twenty-one years he had suc- 
 ceeded, by means of working at night, in earning enough 
 to purchase a chest of tools ; and, being a thorough master 
 of his business, commenced to work on his own account, 
 taking contracts for building. For the period of sixteen 
 years he continued as a master contr.actor and builder, and 
 with the most gratifying success, having by this time 
 amassed a very considerable fortune ; indeed, as a car- 
 penter and builder, his successes were surprising and un- 
 paralleled. Dealing principally with men of considerable 
 means, who preferred to be relieved of the division and 
 superintendence of their work, he took contracts for the 
 masonry, plumbing, and in fact of the entire construction 
 of the buildings, superintending the whole himself, thus 
 becoming thoroughly master of all mechanical branches 
 connected in any way with building operations; thus emi- 
 nently qualifying himself for giving his attention to the 
 business in which he has been engaged for the past twenty 
 years with still greater success. Desirous of pursuing a less 
 
 arduous mechanical vocation than that which during his 
 early manhood occupied his time, he purchased, in 1856, 
 the marbleizing works of ^dward Taylor, then in an un- 
 favorable and imperfect condition. His friends considered 
 this the wild, ruinous step of his life, one which would 
 soon surely absorb the accumulations of m.any years of hard 
 effort ; but the result showed his better judgment. The 
 marbleizing of iron was not yet successful, and public con- 
 fidence had not been given to it. The original marbleizer, 
 Whlliams, had just failed to produce perfect work at his 
 establishment in New York city. Not only had he this to 
 contend against, at the lime of his taking hold of the enter- 
 prise in Cincinnati, but the bitter opposition of marble and 
 slate dealers was levelled against him. Notwithstanding 
 these drawbacks, he saw in it a valuable and beautiful art, 
 and believed it could be rendered perfect and durable by a 
 little determined chemical and mechanical skill; and this 
 being accomplished, all opposition would spontaneously 
 cease. Accordingly in a short time, in the process of ex- 
 perimenting, with the so-called skilled workmen employed 
 by his predecessor, he succeeded in producing perfect work, 
 and the whole process of marbleizing iron was made abso- 
 lutely perfect in his hands. He was thus the first in the 
 whole world to bring the process to a perfect and satisfac- 
 tory working condition. To him the country is largely, if 
 not wholly, indebted for the beautiful marbleized iron 
 mantels of every possible variety of color and finish ; and 
 no real marble work can be so beautiful, or in any degree 
 so durable, as the marbleized .iron. With great profit to 
 himself, he has succeeded in introducing this work over the 
 entire country, and not only breaking down all opposition 
 from nlarble and slate dealers and the people, but, after 
 twenty years of persistent labor and success, has seen a vast 
 interest in the same line spring up in the hands of others 
 throughout the Union. There are in Cincinnati alone no 
 less than six houses engaged in the same business. He 
 thus created a vast industry from the small beginnings of 
 twenty years ago, and at the same time a great business 
 competition throughout the land. But no one has been so 
 long and so persistently connected with this beautiful work 
 as himself, and it may be doubted if any have been so suc- 
 cessful as he in every point of view. He has established a 
 branch house in St. Louis, in charge of a partner and one 
 of his own sons; the firm-name is Sylvester Hand & Co. 
 This house controls the entire trade of that portion of the 
 West. The establishment in Cincinnati is under his sole 
 control and management, and the greater part of the 
 marbleizing is there done under his direct supervision, and 
 there also all the grates, mantels and oilier iron fixtures are 
 cast from models of his own design and make. In Chicago 
 he has organized a vast business connection, which controls 
 the trade of the Northwest. This company, or house, is 
 composed of the following parties: Sylvester Hand, J. I,. 
 Schureman, S. B. Vowell and W. IL De Camp. The busi- 
 ness of this corporation also includes the importing and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 497 
 
 manufacturing of marble and granite, and they carry on the 
 largest monumental and other marble work in the ^Vest, 
 importing their foreign marble from Italy and their do- 
 mestic marble, etc., direct from the quarries of the United 
 States. This company, of which he is the President, is thus 
 composed of some of the most thorough and energetic 
 business men of the country. In the Illinois State Peni- 
 tentiary they own a vast steam marble works, operated by 
 the convicts, by contract with the State government for a 
 series of years. In each of these establishments hundreds 
 of hands are employed, and the amount of work annually 
 produced can be better imagined than named. Although 
 Sylvester Hand may be ranked as one of the wealthy men 
 of Cincinnati, and one who has done a vast amount of suc- 
 cessful business, yet the greater portion of his wealth is 
 owing to the increase in the value of real estate acquired 
 and disposed of from time to time. He has devoted his 
 time and attention chiefly to his business, consequently he 
 has had little to do with politics or social organizations. 
 He is yet a vigorous and enthusiastic business man, using 
 his means to advance his better interests and those of 
 society, being a liberal patron of many of the city charities 
 and benevolent enterprises, as he deems this but a reason- 
 able service and duty of an able citizen. He began his 
 career without means, friends, and with but little education. 
 Throughout his busy life he has taken occasion to add, in 
 every possible way, to his stock of knowledge. He cer- 
 tainly ranks as one of the most remarkably successful self- 
 made men of his day, if business, wealth and honorable 
 standing constitute a successful life. He was married in 
 1845 to Margaret Innis, formerly of Scotland. He has 
 three children, two sons and one daughter. One son is in 
 his .St. Louis house, and the other with him in Cincinnati ; 
 while his daughter is the wife of Hannaford, the Cincinnati 
 architect. 
 
 <0 
 
 U'l^HNAXS, JAMES J., 
 I I 1818, at Maysville, 
 I I in 1791, was a coi 
 
 Lawyer, was born, June 7th, 
 Kentucky. His father, born 
 commission merchant at Mays- 
 ^< 5, ville, and moved to Greene county, Ohio, in 
 1819. Here he first embarked in merchandising. 
 He afterwards practised medicine, in which he 
 was engaged for twenty-five years in Greene county. Dr. 
 Winans died July 7th, 1849. The early education of our 
 subject was received in the common schools. In 1840 he 
 began to read law with John B. Houston, then of Win- 
 chester, now of Lexington, Kentucky. He completed his 
 professional course under Judge Simpson, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1841. In the spring of the following 
 year he commenced practice in Indiana. In February of 
 1843 Mr, Winans returned to Ohio, was admitted to the 
 bar of this .State, and settled in Xenia, where he has since 
 remained. In June, 1845, appointed Clerk of the 
 
 Greene county courts, serving until he resigned, in 1851. 
 
 In 1857 he was elected to the State Senate, remaining there 
 one term. In 1863 he was elected to the lower House of 
 the Legislature. In February, 1S64, he was appointed 
 Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, to take the place of 
 Judge White, appointed to the Supreme bench. In the 
 following fall he was elected to fill the unexpired term, and 
 in 1866 he was elected for the full term of five years. In 
 August of 1868 Judge Winans was nominated for Congress 
 by the Republican party. He resigned from the bench, 
 and was elected, serving with credit until the expiration of 
 his term, in 1871, when he resumed his practice in Xenia. 
 In 1872 he was nominated for Congress by the Liberals 
 and Democrats, but was defeated by Mr. Gunckel, of Day- 
 ton, tbe Republican nominee. In 1840 Judge M'inans 
 voted for General Harrison, for Henry Clay in ’44, for 
 Martin Van Buren in ’48, for John P. Hale in ’52, for John 
 C. I'l-emont in ’56, for Lincoln in ’60 and ’64, for Grant in 
 ’68 and for Greeley in ’72. Judge Winans was one of the 
 founders of the Xenia Gas Company, and has been active 
 in the promotion of all local enterprises. September, 1843, 
 he married Caroline E. Morris, of Xenia, niece of William 
 ElLsberry, Esq., one of tbe pioneer lawyers of soutbern 
 Ohio; also a niece of Hon. Thomas Morris, formerly 
 United States Senator from Ohio. 
 
 MITH, JOSEPPI B., Lawyer, was born, March 
 29th, 1829, in Columbia county, Ohio. His 
 father was a native of Ireland, who came to this 
 country when a child and passed his life as a 
 farmer. His mother was a native of Carlisle, 
 Pennsylvania. Joseph attended the district 
 school in winter and worked on the farm in summer 
 until he was twenty years of age. The year following he 
 spent at the Manual College of Pennsylvania, defraying his 
 expenses by the work of his hands. When at college he 
 cut his leg while lumbering, and has since been lame. At 
 the age of twenty-one years he accepted a position as 
 teacher of a school in Kentucky, where he remained for 
 one year. The next three years he passed chiefly in teach- 
 ing school, in the meantime reading law with Judge Clark, 
 at New Lisbon, Illinois. Mr. Smith was admitted to the 
 Cincinnati bar in the spring of 1851. He began the prac- 
 tice, of his profession in Columbia county, Ohio, remaining 
 there until the spring of 1857, when he went to Kansas. 
 Here he made many friends, attracted public attention, and 
 in tbe fall following his arrival was elected to the State 
 Senate. He served his constituents well until tbe spring 
 of 1858, when he returned to Ohio, locating in Bellairc, 
 Belmont county. He has since made his home in Bellaire, 
 and is the oldest resident lawyer in the town. By close 
 attention to business, and fidelity to the interests of his 
 clients, Mr. Smith has acquireil an extensive and lucrative 
 practice. In the fall of 1865 he was appointed, by the 
 
498 
 
 DIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 Governor of Ohio, a Commissioner to the army in Texas, 
 lie has been for many years attorney for the Cleveland & 
 Pittsburgh Railroad Company. In the course of his long 
 professional career Mr. Smith has had many important cases 
 intrusted to him, all of which he conducted to the satisfac- 
 tion of his clients, October loth, 1865, he married Eliza 
 R. Preston, of Columbia county, Ohio. 
 
 ARCIIET, MOSES, was born, April 17th, 1803, 
 on the island of Guernsey, British Channel. Ills 
 parents came to this country in 1806 and settled 
 in Cambridge, Ohio. Ilis father was a farmer. 
 Moses attended a country school kept by Thomas 
 Campbell, under whom he made good progress 
 and laid the foundation of a serviceable education. lie 
 was obliged to leave school at the age of fourteen years, in 
 consequence of delicate health. He entered the office of 
 the County Clerk, and remained there until he reached his 
 majority. He then farmed for three years, at the end of 
 which time he was appointed Clerk of the Court of Common 
 Pleas, filling this position as well as that of Clerk of the Su- 
 preme Court for seven years. For this latter position he was 
 examined at Lancaster by Judge Sherman, father of the gen- 
 eral of the army. In 1834 he was reappointed Clerk, hold- 
 ing that office until 1841. Since 1859 he has been Master 
 Commissioner of the Court of Common Pleas, being succes- 
 sively reappointed for terms of three years each. Mr. Tar- 
 chet has been a Justice of the Peace since 1864, with the 
 exception of an interval from August, 1870, to 1S73. 
 and his family have been identified with the growth of 
 Guernsey county, which, upon its organization, in 1810, 
 took its name from the native place of several pioneer 
 families. Mr. Tarchet was married, March, 1825, to 
 Martha Bichard, also of Guernsey, who still lives. 
 
 COTT, WILLIAM, Banker, was born, September 
 25th, 1801, in Jessamine county, Kentucky. He 
 is of Scotch Irish extraction. His father was a 
 native of North Carolina and his mother a Vir- 
 ginian, who settled in Ohio in November of 1808, 
 being among its earliest pioneers. William at- 
 tended such schools as were within the reach of the youth 
 of that day. In 1823 he engaged in merchandising in 
 Piqua, Ohio, with a capital of only a little more than one 
 hundred dollars. Without friends or credit, but with econ- 
 omy, application and industry, he was soon able to extend 
 his business, including within his scope all that pertains to 
 a complete frontier trading store. For twelve years he 
 bought and sold all the pork raised in his county, making 
 large shipments to the best markets. In 1847 he engaged 
 in banking, and became President of the Piqua branch of I 
 
 the State Bank. He held this position until 1864, when his 
 bank became the Piqua National Bank. Of the old insti- 
 tution under a new name he was also elected President. 
 In addition to his regular business Mr. Scott has also been 
 engaged in large real estate ventures. He is one of the 
 leading men in his county. October 4th, 1827, Mr. Scott 
 married Jane Morrow, of Piqua, by whom he has had four 
 children, two sons and two daughters. His sons are enter- 
 prising business men of Piqua. 
 
 i^HIDLAW, REV.- BENJAMIN W., Clergj’man, 
 was born, July 14th, 1811, in the town of Bala, 
 county of Merioneth, North Wales, and is of 
 French Huguenot lineage on his father’s side, 
 and on his mother’s of Welsh descent. He re- 
 ceived his primary education in a log school 
 house in Delaware county, Ohio, where he was taught the 
 English language; he subsequently entered Miami Uni- 
 versity, at Oxford, Oliio, from which institution he gradu- 
 ated in 1833. After leaving college he commenced study- 
 ing for the ministry, in which he was engaged three years, 
 revisiting his native country in 1835. Shortly after his 
 return to the United States he was ordained a pastor by the 
 Presbytery of Oxford, and was settled over a Welsh Con- 
 gregational Church in Butler county, Ohio, where he 
 preached and taught in Welsh and English for five years; 
 beginning with the children in other outlying districts, and 
 organizing Sunday-schools, he succeeded in building up 
 congregations as time rolled on. The pecuniary support 
 he received, however, was inadequate to his wants, and he 
 was about to accept the kind offer of an aged farmer, who 
 offered him, rent free, several acres of his rich alluvial soil 
 for cultivation, when he providentially formed the ac-. 
 quaintance of B. J. Seward, agent of the American Sun- 
 day-school Union in Cincinnati, by whom he was intro- 
 duced to the secretary of that society, and in the course of 
 a few months entered into its employment. During his 
 
 long continuance with that organization he was enabled, 
 directly and indirectly, to establish hundreds of Sunday- 
 schools and to preach the gospel in numerous localities, 
 where it had been seldom or never heardr In many in- 
 stances these labors, in organizing the union Sunday- 
 schools, combined the feeble religious elements in the 
 .village and settlement, followed by a meeting for prayer, 
 praise and Christian conference, then the gospel ministry 
 and the organization of a Christian congregation. Among 
 the first schools he established was the Pike Run Union 
 Sunday-school, in Allen county, then a new and sparsely 
 settled neighborhood, enjoying no religious privileges. 
 This school prospered, and during the following year a 
 prayer-meeting followed the Sunday-school held in the 
 morning ; and before its close a church was constituted and 
 a log meeting house built. He paid a visit in 1869 to this 
 
LIOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOP-’liDIA. 
 
 499 
 
 locality, aiul was cordially welcomed by the old people, 
 who well remembered his advent among them over thirty 
 years before, and his efforts to advance the cause of religion 
 among them. He found a church with a membership of 
 over three hundred, and four large and flourishing Sunday- 
 schools; and in this, and other localities which he visited at 
 that time, he discovered many of the scholars of former 
 years had become teachers in the Sunday-school, superin- 
 tendents and ministers of the gospel; During the late civil 
 war he was Chaplain of the 39th Regiment Ohio Volunteer 
 Infantry, and was also engaged in the work of the United 
 States Christian Commission. He was appointed, in 1866, 
 a Commissioner of the Ohio Reform Farm School, contain- 
 ing 500 hoys. He held this position for nine years. He 
 received his commission as a Missionary of the American 
 Sunday-School Union, February 12th, 1836, which he still 
 retains, thus having been connected with that society over 
 forty years. He was married in May, 1843, to Rebecca 
 Hughes, and has a family of six children living. 
 
 ULLIVAX, JOHN T., Tobacco Planter, was born^ 
 August 25th, 1822, on a farm, near the village of 
 Dover, Mason county, Kentucky, and is a son 
 of Randolph Sullivan, formerly of Virginia. He 
 is of Irish lineage, his paternal ancestors having 
 emigrated at a very early day to America, and 
 settled in Virginia. One of the Sullivans intermarried with 
 the celebrated Randolph family of that colony, from whom 
 his father acquired his patronymic. The latter removed to 
 Kentucky, which he made his future home, and where his 
 children were born. John T. acquired all the education it 
 was possible to obtain in the schools of the neighborhood, 
 and then entered college with a view of preparing himself 
 for becoming a physician; but the confinement and require- 
 ments of study proved irksome to one possessed of his 
 active habits, and having abandoned the idea, returned in 
 poor health to his father's farm, where he employed him- 
 self in the culture of tobacco until he attained his majority. 
 Soon after this he married and removed to the adjoining 
 county of Bracken, where extra inducements were offered 
 to tobacco grwwers by new and cheap lands. Here he en- 
 gaged extensively in business as farmer, storekeeper, and 
 tobacco dealer, and by his activity, enterprise, and constant 
 business intercourse with the people, soon acquired great 
 influence with them; and by personal effort, as well as by 
 furnishing the latest and most reliable ijiformation as to the 
 growth, packing, and handling of tobacco, beside a market 
 at their very doors, at the highest price for all they grew, 
 he succeeded in the development of that interest in Bracken 
 county until it became the banner county of the district for 
 fine tobacco. He remained there f.r many years, all the 
 time being engaged — in addition to his farming and store- 
 keeping — as the head of a large tobacco firm, composed of 
 
 bankers and merchants, at Ripley, Ohio, and packed and 
 shipped a thousand hogsheads of tobacco yearly to all the 
 markets of the United States. Although residing in a com- 
 paratively obscure rural district, he was as widely and 
 favorably known to the shipping markets of New Orleans, 
 Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York, and the cutting 
 men of Rochester, Buffalo, Cleveland, Toledo, Detroit, 
 Milwaukee, and Chicago, as to the most prominent city 
 dealers. The appetite for business “ growing by that upon 
 which it fed,” and the war between the South and the gen- 
 eral government having closed one of the jirominent sea- 
 ports — New Orleans — to shipments from the North, he 
 sought a new field for his enterprise, and about that time 
 removed to Cincinnati and engaged in the leaf tobacco job- 
 bing and commission business. To this point his old neigh- 
 bors and acquaintances from the Mason county district 
 followed him with their fine tobacco, and he was soon in 
 the front rank of commission men and dealers. Quick to 
 discover the demands of the cutting trade for sweet tobacco, 
 he established a system of re-handling and re-drying all his 
 tobaccos, which insured their sweetness beyond all contin- 
 gency, and soon made them a necessity to cutters; which 
 fact gave him the control of the cutting trade, and was the 
 source of a considerable addition to his fortunes. Country 
 dealers, stimulated by his success in sales and profits, took 
 greater pains in the preparation of their tobaccos, which 
 were all shipped to Cincinnati. This contributed largely to 
 the tobacco trade of the city, and, in turn — on the principle 
 that, “ where the carcass is, there will the eagles be gath- 
 ered ” — cutters from all parts of the United Stales and 
 Canada were brought together, and thus by his efforts a new 
 era was inaugurated in the tobacco trade of Cincinnati, and 
 that city was made, as she is to-day, the principal market 
 for the cutting stock of the United State.% not to say the 
 world. Having now accumulated a handsome capital, in 
 connection with his brothers and brothers-in-law, he erected 
 a mammoth warehouse in Covington, Kentucky, and began 
 a warehouse business. For these purposes the building 
 was a mistake as to location (though admirably adapted to 
 the business in other respects) ; yet by indomitable energy 
 and perseverance it was made a success pecuniarily, and 
 added, in the effort to get business for this house, largely 
 to the receipts of tobacco from fields that, up to this time, 
 were comparatively unknown to Cincinnati. His hands 
 being now full of outside business — operating a large farm 
 in Illinois, a gold mine in North Carolina, and divers and 
 sundry individual enterprises in and around his home — he 
 relimjuished the warehouse and allowed it to pass into 
 other hands, and contented himself with a smaller business 
 requiring less of his individual efforts. He remained, how- 
 ever, as much interested as ever in the tobacco interest, and 
 took an honest pride in the continuance of the success of 
 the market with which he had effected .so much in enlarg- 
 ing its sphere of operations, and he omitted no opportunity 
 to extend the area of its influence by the distribution of 
 
500 
 
 lUOGRAPIIICAL ENCVCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 “ white seed ” in addition to personal visits and counsel to 
 growers in new districts. He is now engaged in a most 
 interesting experiment, having for its object the .extension 
 of the territory in which cutting tobacco may be grown. 
 This experiment is in connection with an enterprising cut- 
 ting house in Dayton, and is an effort to introduce and 
 grow the Mason county w'hite tobacco in a district of Ohio 
 on the Miami and Mad rivers, adjacent to Dayton and 
 Miamisburg, and hitherto devoted entirely to the growth of 
 Ohio seed leaf. At the same time he desires to demon- 
 strate the fact that by growing and curing this Ohio seed 
 leaf in the same manner as the Mason county tobacco is 
 grow'n and cured, that it will be just as good for cutting as 
 the Mason county variety. This is a very important move- 
 ment, and he, wdth his friends, have largely invested in this 
 enterprise. He has received many evidences of the esteem 
 in which he is held, and the value of his labors, by being 
 chosen, as long as he desired to hold the position, Vice- 
 President of the Tobacco Board of Trade. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Council of Covington, and Chairman of the 
 P'inance Committee of that body; and is also a member of 
 the School Board of that city. He holds at present the 
 position of President of the Covington, Flemingsburg & 
 Pound Gap Railroad Company — a very important line, 
 penetrating the coal fields of Kentucky, and a road which 
 will add much to the wealth of that section and the region 
 through which it passes. He is unceasing in his efforts' in 
 its behalf, and if it is a success it will be mainly due to his 
 exertions. In personal appearance he is about five feet 
 ■eleven inches high, of dark complexion, black hair, flat and 
 rather loosely built, with a shambling, striding gait in his 
 walk, and indifferent as to his apparel. He is of a modest 
 and somewhat retiring disposition, of unceasing energy and 
 tireless industry ; hopeful in his temper of mind; enthusias- 
 tic in his advocacy of new measures; of the strictest integ- 
 rity; prompt to adopt new ideas, and always ready and 
 willing to back his view's with his labor and capital. Of 
 positive opinions, and tenacious in adhering to them, he is 
 sometimes unfortunate in offending by speech, without the 
 remotest intention of doing so. He is a good friend, 
 liberal in his charities to the poor and his donations to the 
 church; possesses a kind heart, and is a good husband, 
 father, and citizen, and one of whom the leaf tobacco trade 
 of Cincinnati may well feel proud. 
 
 ERGEN, SVMMES HENRY, M. D., Physician, 
 w’as born, July 15th, 1826, near Princeton, New 
 Jersey, and is a son of Christopher Bergen, an 
 officer in the war of 1812. His paternal grand- 
 father was an officer in the revolutionary army. 
 He received a thorough classical education in a 
 private collegiate school in Freehold, New Jersey, and sub- 
 sequently, in 1844, commenced the study of medicine with 
 
 his brother. Dr. Alfred Bergen. He attended two courses 
 of lectures in the Berkshire Medical College, at Pittsfield, 
 Massachusetts, and also one course at the College of Physi- 
 cians and Surgeons, in New York city. Having become a 
 private pupil of Professor Alonzo Clark, he accompanied 
 the latter to Woodstock, Vermont, in the spring of 1848, 
 and in the month of June of the same year received a 
 diploma and the degree of Doctor of Medicine from the 
 Vermont Medical College. In the course of the following 
 autumn he also received a diploma from the Berkshire 
 Medical College. He commenced the practice of his pro- 
 fession at North Bay, Oneida county. New York State, July 
 15th, 1848, where he remained seven years, and then re- 
 moved to Toledo, Ohio, where he has since resided. His 
 political sentiments were originally those of the old Whig 
 party, and since its disintegration he has allied himself with 
 the Republicans. In 1861 he w'as elected Coroner of Lucas 
 county, and re-elected in 1863 and 1864, serving in that 
 office for four years. At present he is a member of the 
 Board of Health ; he is also a member of the Toledo Medi- 
 cal Association, and President of the Toledo Mutual Life 
 Insurance Company. He was married, November 28th, 
 i860, to Mary S. Lalor, of Trenton, New Jersey. 
 
 ^3 
 
 ""^ARRIS, JOSEPH ALBERT, Journalist, born in 
 Becket, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, January 
 ■?vjl|| 15th, 1808. He W'as early taught industrious, 
 
 studious, truthful habits. In 1S18 his parents 
 O' removed to the Connecticut Western Reserve, 
 
 and built a log cabin in the sparsely settled woods 
 of the lake region, thirty miles from Cleveland. Until near 
 twenty years of age he assisted in clearing and cultivating a 
 farm, the site of the flourishing Village of North Amherst. 
 His educational advantages w'ere the district winter school, 
 the few books brought from the East, and the lVee/;ly 
 Cleveland Herald. The books and paper were studied by 
 the evening fire, fed by hickory bark, or the primitive lamp 
 of the settlers. When seventeen years of age he taught in 
 the log school-house near his father’s farm, at ten dollars 
 per month and “ boarded around,” and for three winters 
 continued to teach in other districts at but a slight advance 
 in pay. At twenty he entered a law office in Elyria and 
 began the study of law. In one year he gave up law for 
 the position of Constable and Deputy Sheriff. On the 
 death of the Sheriff he was appointed to fill the vacancy, 
 and then elected and re-elected to that office. In 1832, in 
 partnership with two printers, he purchased the defunct 
 Lorain Gazette, and started the Ohio Atlas and Elyria Ad- 
 vertiser, Mr. Harris being the editor. Before the close of 
 his second official year as Sheriff he accepted an offer of 
 ?300 per year, without hoard, with a prospect of much 
 travel in the South, and sold the Atlas, resigned his office, 
 and removed to Columbus. At one time he was tempted to 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 501 
 
 purchase a plantation stocked with negroes; but after in- 
 vestigating the system he concluded it would be better to 
 saw wood in free Ohio than to accept the plantation, 
 negroes and all, as a present. In 1837 he removed to 
 Cleveland and became proprietor, with the late Judge 
 Whittlesey, of the Herald — the Daily Herald and IVhig, 
 rival papers, had been consolidated in one journal. At the 
 end of the first year Judge Whittlesey became so discour- 
 aged by the ill success that he withdrew and left Mr. Harris 
 sole proprietor. He had a hard struggle during that finan- 
 cial crisis, but with his new rule — pay as you go — he soon 
 p.rid off the old debts, and the Herald had money in bank. 
 He allowed no husband to advertise his absent wife, warn- 
 ing the public not to trust her; masters were not allowed to 
 advertise their runaway slaves ; and quack medical notices 
 of a vicious tendency were carefully excluded. In reading 
 matter, only that which he would read aloud in the pres- 
 ence of his daughter and ladies was admitted. He pub- 
 lished free all marriages, deaths, obituaries, religious, 
 society, benevolent, temperance. Masonic, Odd Fellow, and 
 in short, all notices of public interest, including political 
 meetings, conventions, and nominations of all parties; and 
 also sent a free copy to the clergy of every denomination. 
 This original, liberal policy endeared the Herald to the 
 public and made its success permanent. In 1850 Mr. A. 
 W. P'airbanks, of the Toledo Blade, removed to Cleveland 
 and became joint owner of the Herald by adding a job 
 office, and took charge of the business and printing depart- 
 ments in the firm of Harris & Fairbanks. In the spring of 
 1853 Mr. George A. Benedict became one of the proprie- 
 tors and associate editor of the Herald. The paper was 
 thus owned and edited until the senior partner withdrew 
 from the concern. At the close of the war of the rebellion 
 Mr. Harris dissolved his long connection with the press. 
 His characteristics were industry, sound judgment, and in- 
 flexible integrity. Early in life, when it was fashionable 
 for every one to drink whiskey, wine, and beer, Mr. Harris 
 resolved to never taste again anything which intoxicates. 
 This pledge he always kept sacredly. Soon he abandoned 
 tobacco in all its forms; and later, tea and coffee were dis- 
 carded. As he looks back over his hapjw, healthful life, 
 nothing gives him more satisfaction than the thought that 
 he has been able to keep this pledge of his boyhood, and to 
 set the example of total abstinence to all the young people 
 of his acquaintance. After withdrawing from the Herald 
 he secured a tract of land a few miles west of Cleveland, on 
 Lake Cliff, and soon had it under cultivation. Choice 
 t.ible grapes have been a specialty, and he has been hon- 
 ored with many first premiums. In the Cincinnati Indus- 
 trial Exposition of 1872 he took all the principal ])remiums 
 on hardy grapes. Sixty-three varieties were exhibited, and 
 were pronounced the finest and largest collection ever shown 
 in Ohio. Of his crop of 1874, more than thirty-four tons of 
 grapes, for table use, were sold by a commission house in 
 Detroit. In 1846 he was an Alderman of Cleveland, and 
 
 in 1847 elected Mayor. Those were the only official 
 positions he ever held in Cleveland. During the session 
 of 1856-57 he was the Reporting Clerk of the Ohio House 
 of Representatives. He was frequently a delegate to con- 
 ventions. He was a member of the Presidential Conven- 
 tions which nominated General Winfield Scott and John C. 
 Fremont. Early in his term of office as Sheriff of Lorain 
 county, he married Esther 1 \I. Race, who was a native of 
 Berkshire county, M.assachusetts. They began housekeep- 
 ing in the log county jail. She has proved a true wife and 
 helpilieet — an active and devoted friend of the poor, the 
 sick, the orphan — and was engaged in the woman’s sanitary 
 work for the soldiers of the Union during the war of the 
 rebellion. To her Mr. Harris attributes much of the suc- 
 cess and happiness of his life. P’our sons and a daughter 
 were born to them. 
 
 ';UDSON, HON. JOHN IL, Grain Dealer and 
 Senator from the Thirtieth District of C)hio, was 
 born, July 5th, 1824, in Auburn, New York, and 
 is the son of Emmanuel D. and Margaret (Boyd) 
 Hudson, his father being a produce dealer and a 
 contractor on the jiublic works of the State. He 
 was educated in the common schools of his native city, 
 completing his studies in the higher academy. When 
 twenty years of age he began the study of law ; but becom- 
 ing dissatisfied, withdrew after a short time, to accept the 
 position of Conductor on the Auburn & Syracuse Railroad, 
 where he was so occupied for about three years. Subse- 
 quently, in 1852, he became the Assistant Superintendent 
 of the Buffalo & Erie Railroad, and finally General Super- 
 intendent of the same, continuing therein until 1856. In 
 the autumn of the last-named year he accepted the position 
 of Superintendent of the Mad River & Lake Erie Railroad 
 — now known as the Cincinnati & Sandusky Railroad — 
 which he retained until the spring of 1861. In the same 
 year he contracted with the United States government to 
 ship Indian goods to all the Western reservations, and was 
 engaged in that service for two years thereafter. In 1863 
 he was appointed a special agent of the United States 
 Treasury Department, and held the same for one year. He 
 was next commissioned, in 1864, Collector of the Customs 
 for the port of Norfolk, Yirginia, which had been reopened 
 for business, and remained in that office until July, 1865, 
 when he was appointed Assessor of Internal Revenue at 
 Richmond, in the same State. He held that position until 
 January, 1870, when he removed to his old home at San- 
 dusky, Ohio, and engaged in the grain trade, in which he 
 is still largely interested. He was elected, on the Itemo- 
 cratic ticket, in 1873, to the State Senate, and during his 
 service in that body has been a member of many important 
 committees, including those of Manufactures and Com- 
 merce, Railroads and Turnpikes, F'inance, Benevolent 
 Institutions, State Buildings, and is the Chairman of the 
 
502 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL encvcloill;dia. 
 
 Committee on Corporations otlier than municipal. Al- 
 though tilling so large a number of positions, he has never 
 been a seeker of office; his well-known ability of ad- 
 ministration and supervision being reeognized, he was ap- 
 pointed to the several public stations without solicitation on 
 his part. He was married, October, 1852, to Elizabeth A., 
 daughter of the Reverend Samuel G. Orton, D. D., of 
 Chautauqua, New York, and is the parent of but one child, 
 Henry I'. Hudson. Mr. Hudson was re-elected to the 
 State Senate of Ohio in 1S75, on the Democratic ticket, for 
 two years, although his party was in a minority. lit was 
 again appointed on the Finance Committee, and also on 
 those of Currency, Library, Manufactures and Commerce, 
 Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Orphan Home, Schools for Imbecile 
 Youth, and Temperance. 
 
 'ATHAWAY, WILLIA.M E., Author and Lecturer, 
 was born, August 23d, 1844, Milan, Erie 
 county, Ohio, his parents being Caleb and Rachel 
 (Wood) Hathaway. His father was a native of 
 New Bedford, Massachusetts, the son of a sea- 
 captain, and received his education in Philadel- 
 phia, residing there for several years before removing to 
 Ohio, where he settled on the Western Reserve ; his mother 
 was a native of the State of New York. Caleb Hathaway 
 was of English descent, and was a man of very considerable 
 culture and of great refinement, added to sound judgment. 
 He was deeply interested in everything pertaining to the 
 cause of education and the social advancement of the com- 
 munity. From him his son inherited his studious habits 
 and literary tastes. William was the youngest of nine 
 children. When he was seven years of age his father died, 
 leaving to his family a comfortable estate. Three years 
 thereafter Mrs. Hathaway married again, her second hus- 
 band being, although a gentleman of respectability and 
 ample means, widely different in character and habits from 
 her first husband. William went to his step-father’s home 
 to reside, and remained there for three years. His change 
 of home and surroundings appears to have been disadvan- 
 tageous to him, and at the end of three years, being then 
 thirteen years old, he left his step-father’s home, and returned 
 to Milan, where he lived with an elder brother. He 
 worked with his brother on his farm, assisting in the work 
 of clearing new and heavily timbered land, giving mean- 
 while as much of his time as possible to reading, of which 
 he was always passionatelyTond. Heretofore his winters 
 had been devoted to attendance upon district school, but 
 now he was enabled to avail himself of the advantages of an 
 excellent normal school at Milan. The course of study 
 here, together with one year at a high school, conducted by 
 the Society of Friends, at Adrian, Michigan, comprised his 
 opportunities in the way of school education. It had been 
 his purpose to pursue a collegiate course, but this was ren- 
 dered impossible by the death of his brother. In the spring 
 
 of 1863 he went to Chicago, and entered the grocery store 
 of another brother there. He had little taste for this busi- 
 ness, however, and before very long became employed in the 
 insurance business. In 1866 he found an occujration con- 
 genial to his tastes, and in some measure suited to his liter- 
 ary talents, in the publication of the Herald of Peace. This 
 was a semi-monthly paper, designed to be in some sense the 
 organ of the Society of F'riends, of which body he is still a 
 member. The publication was continued for two years, 
 but, although the paper was well received and was acknowl- 
 edged by all as a, valuable publication, it was pecuniarily 
 unprofitable, and hence it was discontinued. In the mean- 
 time he continued to prosecute his studies, particularly his 
 literary studies, with much zeal, and employed private tutors 
 to instruct him in the languages, both ancient and modern, 
 a practice which he has continued for several years. After 
 three years of such unceasing labor and study, his over- 
 taxed strength gave way, and for another period of three 
 j years he was obliged to rest from all serious exertion. He 
 I read much in the interval, however, and did a very consid- 
 erable amount of writing, mostly relating to social science, 
 prison reform, etc. He had prepared a great deal of manu- 
 script with a view to the publication of a volume, when the 
 I great Chicago fire occurred, and all his manuscript and notes 
 were swept away. After the fire he removed to Cincinnati, 
 where he entered upon literature as a profession, connecting 
 himself in the meantime with the Children’s Flome of that 
 city, and conducting for the institution a small monthly pub- 
 lication. His literary work has been voluminous and com- 
 prehensive, embracing fiction and poetry as well as a large 
 variety of special articles contributed to the daily press, and 
 no small amount of service as a reporter and correspondent. 
 As a lecturer he is perhaps better known than as a writer, 
 and his frequent addresses, particularly on temperance and 
 in behalf of charitable enterpj ises, have been able and effec- 
 tive. He regards himself as still merely a student, and 
 studies as earnestly as ever to prepare himself for the work 
 his ambition aims at. He has been twice married. In 
 1866 he married Hannah Roberts, of Lafayette, Indiana. 
 She died about three years later, and in F'ebruary, 1874, he 
 married Martha T. Ashley, of Milan, Ohio. 
 
 HEELER, LYMAN, was born in Winhall, Ver- 
 mont, August I ith, 1804. He was the son of 
 Beriah Wheeler, a native of lingland, who came 
 to this country in early life and settled at Win- 
 hall. Lyman was one of eleven children, six 
 boys and five girls. His boyhood was passed at 
 home, working on his father’s farm in summer and attend- 
 ing the district school during the winter montlis. In this 
 district school he laid the foundation of an education upon 
 which he continued to build during the succeeding years of 
 his life. He taught school for one winter, while yet a boy. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.'EDIA. 
 
 503 
 
 and at the age of sixteen entered college at Litchfield, Con- 
 necticut. He maintained himself and defrayed the expenses 
 of his collegiate course by teaching school during his vaca- 
 tions. At the age of twenty he had completed his collegiate 
 course. With a good education, energy, determination, 
 and the strong impulse of necessity as his capital, he set out 
 to battle with the world. lie went to Buffalo, New York, 
 where he was variously employed until 1832, when he de- 
 termined to go into business on his own account. He 
 opened a book and stationery store in Buffalo, and in this 
 continued until 1835, when, having been impressed with the 
 advantages which the West offered to industrious young 
 men, he closed up a business which is supposed to have 
 been remunerative, and removed to Toledo, Ohio. While 
 in Buffalo Mr. Wheeler had earned an enviable reputation 
 as a man of systematic business habits and an upright citi- 
 zen. He invested in Buffalo real estate to good advantage. 
 When he settled in Toledo (then Port Lawrence) the town 
 was small and of comparatively new birth. He felt, how- 
 ever, that advantageous loc.ation, with the development of 
 the tributary country, gave promise of a prosperous future, 
 and he made haste to identify himself with its interests. 
 Soon after his arrival he bought real estate, including the 
 lot at the corner of Monroe and St. Clair streets, where the 
 Wheeler Opera House now stands. He also associated 
 himself with a Mr. Law, and opened a small rectifying es- 
 tablishment on the corner of Perry and Swan streets. At the 
 end of one year the firm of Wheeler & Law was dissolved, 
 Mr. Wheeler conducting the business alone for the next two 
 years. In 1835 he purchased a lot on Monroe street, on 
 which he built a store and two small dwellings, where, in 
 partnership with Mr. Charles A. Crane, he carried on in the 
 store a grocery and rectifying trade. In 1840 he again 
 thought it well to do business exclusively on his own ac- 
 count, and accordingly bought Mr. Crane’s interest. In 
 1843 he formed a copartnership with Mr. Mathias Boos, of 
 Toledo, which continued for about twenty-two years. The 
 new firm opened a ship chandlery store on the dock near 
 Jefferson street. This they sold out at the end of five years 
 and turned their attention to rectifying. They did a large 
 business and prospered. In a few years they built the 
 Brick Block, on Monroe street, Toledo, which they occu- 
 pied till 1865. Years of hard work were beginning to tell 
 upon a frame on which disease had already fastened itself. 
 Mr. Wheeler therefore thought it wise to dissolve the part- 
 nership with Mr. Boos, and associate with himself his son, 
 under the firm-name of L. Wheeler & Son. At the end of 
 a year the business was sold to Mr. Boos, and Mr. Wheeler 
 sought rest and relief after an active and busy life. The dis- 
 ease which had slowly hut surely been wearing his life away 
 developed into cancer of the liver. Though at times suf- 
 fering intensely, he bore his ills with patience and fortitude, 
 until death came to bring a final release. He passed away 
 September 27th, 1867. His remains rest in Forest Ceme- 
 tery, Toledo. He was married at Chicago, August 25th, 
 
 1836, to Maria L. Aikin, who was one of his pupils while 
 he taught school in Oswego, New York. Ot this union 
 were born nine children, three of whom, together with their 
 mother, still live. Helen, the elder daughter, is the wife 
 of Mr. Louis Wachenheimer, of Toledo. Sarah Mande- 
 ville, the younger daughter, resides with her mother in the 
 family mansion, built by Mr. Wheeler in i860. The son, 
 Robert Jeffrey, born in Toledo, .September 25th, 1843, has 
 for several years been a member of the firm of Thomas & 
 Wheeler, lumber dealers. Although actively engaged in 
 business all his life, Mr. Wheeler found time to cultivate an 
 innate literary taste, and those social graces which made 
 him a courted companion. He was fond of the English 
 poets, and gave much of his leisure time to Shakespeare. 
 To commemorate his love for the dramatic bard of Avon^ 
 his heirs erected in 1870 the Wheeler Opera House, at a 
 cost of 1125,000. It is a handsome structure and elegantly 
 fitted, and stands on the site of his old store. As a member 
 for several successive years of the Toledo City Council, his 
 fellow-citizens bear testimony to his faithful service. As a 
 Director of the First National Bank of Toledo, from the 
 time of its organization to the day of his death, he proved 
 himself a carel'ul and safe adviser. In social and in business 
 circles Mr. Wheeler’s upright character, kindly disposition, 
 and suavity of manner, were conspicuous and attractive 
 traits. His friend and partner for twenty-two years told the 
 story of his life in brief when he said, “ No courts would be 
 needed if all men were like Lyman Wheeler.” It is 
 worthy of note, as bearing additional testimony to the high 
 confidence and esteem which Mr. Wheeler enjoyed, that, 
 from the financial crash of 1837-38 until 1840, the checks 
 of Wheeler & Crane were more readily accepted than the 
 notes of any bank in Toledo. Mr. Wheeler’s memory is 
 held in tender regard by the large Circle of friends which he 
 drew to him in life. 
 
 DAE, CARL F., Banker, of Cincinnati, was born 
 in Geislingen, Wurtemberg, March I2lh, 1815. 
 He received a fair education at Goppingen, and 
 at the age of fourteen was apprenticed to a mer- 
 chant at Stuttgardt in a dry-goods business. After 
 completing his apprenticeship according to the 
 strict usages of Germany, he determined to try his fortunes 
 in America. Accordingly in 1836, at the age df twenty- 
 one, he started for this country, and during the same year 
 landed in Cincinnati, where he continued to reside until his 
 death. After arriving in Cincinnati, he em])loyed himself 
 at first in teaching the German language. But his inclina- 
 tions lay wholly in a mercantile direction, and hence on the 
 first opportunity he entered a store as a clerk. For a few 
 years he engaged in various businesses; among others was 
 bookkeeper in the store of Joshua Yorke, and in the Com- 
 mercial Bank. Finally, in 1846, he started a general com- 
 mission and grocery business in connection with A. Labrot. 
 
504 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 This connection continued many years, and was marked by 
 the greatest prosperity. In 1848 he was appointed Consul 
 at Cincinnati I'or W'urtemberg, and afterwards tilled the con- 
 sulate successively for Bavaria, Baden, Prussia, and finally 
 for the remaining German powers. These consulships he 
 filled without interruption from 1848 to 1868, probably a 
 longer time than such office has ever been held by another 
 in the history of these affairs. In 1857 he organized the 
 “ German .Savings Institution,” or bank, and remained 
 President and Manager of this until his death, March 28th, 
 1S68. Under his management the institution became one 
 of the most substantial, beneficial and successful banking 
 establishments of its kind in the country. Under his suc- 
 cessors it remains one of the most reliable and flourishing 
 houses of the city. Mr. Adae was married to Ellen Woods, 
 of Cincinnati. He left a large family, of whom his oldest 
 son, Charles A. Adae, an energetic young business man, is 
 partner in the banking house established by his father. Two 
 other sons are also engaged in the same house. Mr. Adae 
 was of the more scholarly and better class of business men, 
 extremely methodical and economical, and with the great 
 faculty of thrift characteristic of his nationality, he managed 
 to amass a comfortable fortune. He I'anked as one of the 
 most thorough, active and successful business men of 
 Cincinnati, and besides leaving to his family a compe- 
 tency, he left them a private and business reputation of 
 which they may well be proud. 
 
 ’iCKINSOX, HOX, RODOLPHUS, was born, De- 
 cember 2Sth, 1797, at Whately, Massachusetts. 
 Having graduated at Williams College he located 
 in Columbus, Ohio, teaching school for a time, 
 and afterwards reading law with Gustavus Swan. 
 After his admission to the bar he opened a law 
 office at Tiffin. In 1824 he was appointed Prosecuting 
 Attorney at the first term of the Court of Common Pleas 
 held in Seneca county. In May of 1826 he took up his 
 residence at P'remont, then Lower Sandusky, and in the 
 following year married Margaret Beaugrand, daughter of 
 John B. Beaugrand, one of the original settlers of Lower 
 Sandusky. Mr. Dickinson was a member of the Board of 
 Public Works of Ohio from 1836 to 1845. 
 leading spirit in the several schemes of internal improve- 
 ment, especially in the matter of the Wabash and Erie 
 Canal, the Western Reserve and Maumee Road. During 
 the era of financial depression in 1837-38, his prudent 
 counsels contributed largely to save the progress on the 
 public work from indefinite suspension. In 1846 Mr. 
 Dickinson was elected to Congress, and was re-elected in 
 1848. During his second term he died, at Washington, 
 District of Columbia, March 20th, 1849, leaving a widow 
 and seven children. 
 
 C' ':’/r^ERRICK, HON. WALTER F., Attorney-at-Law, 
 was born in Leroy, Genesee county. New York, 
 October 22d, 1822. His father was a native of 
 Berkshire county, Massachusetts (where the 
 family of the previous generation resided), but 
 removed to Wellington, Ohio, in 1827. His an- 
 cestors were active participants in the revolutionaiy war of 
 1776. The family trace their lineage back to a famous 
 Danish prince of the ninth century. The coat of arms, sur- 
 mounted by a bull’s head regardant, and bearing the words 
 “ Virtus Nobilitat Omnia,” is still in the family. Mr. Her- 
 rick was educated at the schools of the village, and at the 
 academy at Ashland, Ohio. He was engaged in clerking 
 from 1845 to 1848, when he engaged in business for him- 
 self with fair success, and rapidly won attention by his 
 energy, integrity and general ability. In 1854 and 1855 he 
 served as a member of the Ohio Legislature, still continu- 
 ing his business until the fall of 1859, when he was again 
 elected to the Legislature for the years i860 and 1861. 
 When the war of the rebellion broke out he, with other 
 members of the Legislature, among whom were Generals 
 Garfield and Cox, commenced drilling preparatory to en- 
 tering the army to maintain the Union. August 9th, 
 1861, he was appointed by Governor Dennison Quarter- 
 master of the 43d Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry. 
 In January, 1S62, was commissioned Major of the same 
 regiment, and soon after was ordered into active service in 
 the field in Missouri and other States. For nearly three 
 years more he was with the regiment in camp, on the 
 march, or leading its columns on the battle-field. He as- 
 sisted at the capture of New Madrid and Island No. 10, 
 then went with the army as it advanced upon Corinth, 
 Mississippi, remained there fighting almost daily, until the 
 evacuation of the place by Beauregard early in the summer 
 of 1862. He was with his command at the battles of luka 
 and Corinth, October 4th, 1862, at which time nearly one- 
 half the officers of the regiment, including the gallant J. L. 
 Kirby Smith, were killed. He was promoted to a Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonelcy October I2th, 1862, and remained in active 
 service in Mississippi and Alabama during the remainder of 
 1862-63, General Fuller’s division at the cap- 
 
 turing of Decatur, Alabama, in March, 1864. He was with 
 the Army of the Tennessee, under General McPherson, .at 
 Snake Creek Gap, Resacn, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain ; 
 with General Dodge when the advance was made upon 
 Atlanta, and in the engagements thereon the i8th, 22d and 
 28th of July. His health becoming so impaired by three 
 and a half years of active service, he was under the neces- 
 sity of leaving the army, which he did about the year 1864. 
 He was brevetted Colonel and Brigadier-General, March 
 13th, 1865, for “gallant and meritorious conduct during the 
 war.” From 1869 to 1873 he was acting as Confidential 
 Agent of the Internal Revenue Department. Since then he 
 has been in the practice of his profession. He was first 
 connected with the Free-Soil party, then with the Repub- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LHIA. 
 
 505 
 
 lican, rendering liis best service to each. As a legislator he 
 was possessed of a varied fund of valuable and apposite 
 knowledge, which made him trenchant and able in debate, 
 ever sustaining temperance, free-soil. Republicanism and 
 the Union cause. 
 
 AL'XDEKSON, THOM AS W., Lawyer, was horn, 
 October 17th, -1829, in Indiana, Indiana county, 
 Pennsylvania. M'hen he was seven years of age 
 his father, Matthew D. Saunderson, removed 
 with his family to Youngstown, Ohio. Here 
 Thomas received the basis of his education. For 
 three years after leaving school lie devoted himself to civil 
 engineering. At the end of that time he resolved to follow 
 the advice of friends and the bent of his inclination by 
 adopting the law as his profession. The result verified the 
 wisdom of this step. After his admission to the bar his 
 talent and industry won a speedy recognition. He took an 
 active part in politics, and in 1856 was elected Prosecuting 
 Attorney of Mahoning County. In September of 1861 he 
 was commissioned a Lieutenant in the 2d Ohio Cavalry, 
 remaining in the service until the close of the war. He 
 served under Generals Elount, Rosecrans, Thomas and 
 Sherman, being in the engagements at Franklin, Chicka- 
 mauga, Chattanooga, the battles about Atlanta, Waynes- 
 borough, Resaca, Averyshorough, Bentonville, and the last 
 scenes in the realistic panorama of the rebellion. Passing 
 through the intermediate grades of rank, he was honorably 
 discharged, August 8th, 1865, as a Brigadier-General. He 
 returned to Youngstown and resumed the practice of his 
 profession, in which he has been eminently successful. 
 General Saunderson was a delegate at large to the National 
 Republican Convention at Philadelphia, in 1872, and is 
 prominently known in the politics of the State. He mar- 
 ried Elizabeth Shoemaker, of Pennsylvania, December 
 19th, 1854. 
 
 the war, and joined the 15th Regiment Kentucky Yolunteer 
 Infantry, and during the four years following held the suc- 
 cessive ranks of Captain, Major and Lieutenant-Colonel, 
 besides serving as Engineer and in other responsible official 
 positions. After lie was mustered out, in 1865, he went to 
 Europe, and on his way back to the United States, July 
 4th, 1867, he was arrested on board the steamship “ City 
 of Paris,” in the Bay of (Queenstown, and taken to Dublin. 
 He was there kept in close confinement for five months, 
 without trial or investigation, and then arraigned for a 
 crime known only to British law, and called “ treason 
 felony.” Having been convicted, on false testimony, he 
 [ was sentenced to fifteen years’ penal servitude. He spent 
 I four years in solitary confinement at London and Chatham, 
 and was then released, when he immediately instituted pro- 
 ceedings against Great Britain through the United States 
 j government for the recovery of 5 1,000,000 damages for 
 j false imprisonment. After his return to the L'nited Slates, 
 j in 1S71, he was employed to superintend the building of a 
 j stone arch bridge by the city of New York, whence, after a 
 ! residence of fifteen months, he returned to his old home at 
 I Cincinnati and engaged again in private professional duty, 
 which he continued until elected City Engineer, in April, 
 
 iS7S- 
 
 ^ALPIN, ^YILLL\M G., Civil Engineer, was born 
 in county Meath, Ireland, May 30lh, 1825. He 
 belonged to the agricultural class, and was edu- 
 cated at private academies in Ireland and Eng- 
 land. In 1839 he was appointed Assistant in 
 the Ordnance Survey of Ireland and England Iry 
 the British government, and continued in that employment 
 until 1845, when he engaged in railroad engineering, 
 which he continued until he emigrated to the United 
 States, in 1847. settled in Cincinnati in November of 
 the latter year, and pursued the private practice of his pro- 
 fession until f849, when he was appointed City Surveyor. 
 After the creation of the office of City Civil Engineer he 
 was for many years Assistant to that officer. In r86l he 
 raised a company of volunteers, for three years, or during 
 64 
 
 i[EID, SAMUEL VENABLE, Merchant of Cin- 
 |f\f cinnati, was born at Lynchburg, Virginia, July 
 19th, 1833. His father. Rev. William S. Reid, 
 D. D., a native of Chester county, Pennsylvania, 
 and a graduate of Princeton College, was called 
 to the Presidency of Hampden Sidney College, 
 in Prince Edward county, Virginia, at the age of twenty- 
 two years. Having there married the daughter of Colonel 
 Samuel Venable, then one of the most prominent and influ- 
 ential citizens of the Stale, he removed to Lynchburg in 
 1808, where he resided during the remainder of his life 
 and established the First Presbyterian Church of that city, 
 in which arose the first difficulty which finally led to the 
 rupture of the church into the two branches of Old and 
 j New School. Samuel Venable Reid attended the grammar 
 school of Lexington, Virginia, and passed thence to the 
 I Washington College, now known as the Washington and 
 ‘ Lee College, but afterward matriculated at the University 
 ' of Virginia, whence he graduated in 1855. He spent two 
 years at his home in Lynchburg, and then in the fall of 
 1857 removed to Cincinnati, where he associated in part- 
 nership with William B. Williams, under the firm-name of 
 I Williams & Reid, and engaged in the provision business. 
 
 I The outbreak of the war, in 1861, found this firm engaged 
 in pork-packing, but he immediately raised a company of 
 volunteers in Kentucky, which he armed and ef|uip)ied at 
 his own expense, and with them returned to his native 
 State, where he joined her army, afterward known as the 
 
5o6 
 
 BlOGRAFIilCAI. ENC VCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 Confederate army. His company being assigned to the 1st 
 Arkansas Regiment of Infantry, he held the rank of Captain 
 for about two years. He was then promoted to Major and 
 transferred to the staff of Major-General Ransom, then 
 Chief of Cavalry in Tennessee, and afterward in command 
 of troops around Richmond. In June, 1S64, he was trans- 
 ferred, by order of the M'ar Department, to Wilmington, 
 North Carolina, where he became Chief of Provision Sup- 
 plies, both foreign and domestic, and was also assigned to 
 special duty on the staff of Major-Gener.al Whiting. When 
 General Bragg became Chief of the Department of the 
 Carolinas, in Februaiy, 1865, with head-quarters at Wil- 
 mington, Major Reid was assigned to his staff, and re- 
 mained thereon until the surrender of General Joseph E. 
 Johnston to General W. T. Sherman, at Greensborough, 
 North Carolina. Being released on parole, he returned to 
 Lynchburg, and in the fall of 1865 engaged in planting 
 cotton on a plantation in Arkansas, below Helena. The 
 speculation proved unsuccessful, and in the fall of 1866 he 
 returned to Cincinnati, where he resumed his business as a 
 pork-packer. He relinquished the packing in 1868, and 
 since that date has given his whole attention to dealing in 
 provisions. In 1872 he was elected Vice-President of the 
 Chamber of Commerce, and was re-elected in 1873. At 
 the close of the latter term he was appointed one of the 
 Commissioners to represent the Chamber of Commerce at 
 the Industrial Exposition, and still fills that position. He 
 has been one of the most energetic and active among the 
 originators of the Haddock Nail Machine and Nail Manu- 
 facturing Company of Cincinnati, and of which he is now 
 Vice-President. 
 
 ^CKERT, MICHAEL, was born at Scheidt, Rhein- 
 fals, Bavaria, November 15th, 1815. He is the 
 youngest son of Christian and Margaret Eckert. 
 His father was a miller, farmer and lumber- 
 dealer, who was able to provide liberally for the 
 education of his children ; although he died 
 when the subject of this sketch was but four years of age, 
 the boy’s education was fully arranged for, and not until he 
 was thirteen did he leave school to begin the earnest work 
 of life for himself. For a few years after finishing his 
 schooling he worked on the farm and in the mill. At the 
 age of seventeen, having decided upon a business for him- 
 self, he was apprenticed to learn the tannery trade. In 
 two and a half years he found himself so skilful in his trade 
 as to fit him to take a position in any tannery as a journey- 
 man. Accordingly for a while he worked in that capacity, 
 until the stories he heard of life and fortune in America 
 determined him to emigrate to this land of golden dreams. 
 After passing through the usual troubles of young able- 
 bodied men subject to military servitude, when attempting 
 to migrate from the “ Fatherland,” at last, in August, 1835, 
 
 he set sail from Havre, and in the following September 
 landed in New York city. He repaired at once to Phila- 
 delphia upon the recommendation of his brother, who had 
 preceded him. Here he worked at his trade for a year and 
 a half, when he was induced to try his fortune in the Queen 
 City of the West. Accordingly, in 1837, he arrived in 
 Cincinnati. One year and a half after arriving in that city 
 he spent in the" tannery of Abraham Fullwhiier, on Deer 
 creek. Vet being unsettled, about this time he made a trip 
 to Missouri, with the design of locating a tannery for him- 
 self. Not finding things to suit him out West, he returned 
 to Cincinnati in 1839 and resumed work with the old firm. 
 Here he continued until 1841. In this year he formed a 
 partnership with Girard Dickman, opened a small leather 
 store on Main street and established a tannery on Central 
 avenue, where his establishment, the Western Tannery, 
 now is. Mr. Eckert himself took charge of the tannery 
 and Mr. Dickman of the store. This partnership lasted 
 seventeen years. In 1858, by mutual consent, a division 
 of the property w'as made, the tannery, of course, falling to 
 Mr. Eckert. These had been seventeen years of uninter- 
 rupted prosperity, but the more adventurous and progres- 
 sive tendencies of Mr. Eckert made this separation a 
 necessity. Only tw'o years after the dissolution of the 
 partnership he found it necessary to open a store for his 
 trade on Main street above Fourth ; this was soon after re- 
 moved to his present place, on Main between Fifth and 
 Sixth streets. He is now numbered among the w'ealthy 
 men of Cincinnati, with a large and profitable business in 
 its most prosperous period. No man in the community 
 stands higher than Mr. Eckert. His whole business career 
 has been an honorable and an enviable one, and he ranks 
 deservedly high among the successful men of the country. 
 In 1843 he was married to Elizabeth Reice, of Cincinnati. 
 Mrs. Eckert is a native of this counti-y, and w'as born in 
 1824. Her father, John Reice, came to America in 1817, 
 and the same year located in Cincinnati. He w'as one of 
 the first pork dealers of Cincinnati. Mrs. Eckert is a 
 woman of uncommon strength of mind and character, and 
 has been most emphatically a “help-meet” to her husband. 
 
 ’OHNSON, JOHN T., Merchant, was born in 1815, 
 in Lynchburg, Virginia. The death of his par- 
 ents, which occurred when he was between seven 
 and eight years of age, left him, like his brothers 
 and sisters, to be cared for by relatives. The 
 subject of this sketch had the good fortune to be 
 well raised and afforded the usual educational facilities of 
 the time. Of an active and energetic disposition, young 
 Johnson soon became restive under dependence, and re- 
 solved to strike out for himself. He engaged in the manu- 
 facture of plug tobacco, an important industry in his native 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 507 
 
 •Slate. He plodded on for several years, but discovered 
 that Ids industry and perseverance, unaided by capital, 
 could not compete successfully with the established firms. 
 Mr. Johnson was compelled to retire from business in a 
 straitened financial condition. His venture, however, had 
 not been without good results. It gave him an opportunity 
 to show himself a young man of industrious habits and 
 high moral character. After be had wound up his aftairs 
 in Virginia, Mr. Johnson determined to go West and 
 settle. As the result of careful prospecting he fixed upon 
 Cincinnati, where he located permanently in 1847. With- 
 out loss of time he began the manufacture of plug tobacco. 
 He subsequently formed a partnership with Mr. Joseph E. 
 Roberts, under the now well-remembered firm-name of 
 Roberts & Johnson, whose plug tobaccos attained a wide 
 celebrity. The firm prospered, and Mr. Johnson was en- 
 •abled to pay off the indebtedness he had contracted in 
 Virginia, dollar for dollar and with interest. Mr. Johnson 
 aided materially in bringing about the establi>bment in 
 Cincinnati of a warehouse for the sale of leaf tobacco at 
 auction, and immediately his firm added a leaf department 
 to the manufacturing business, Mr. Johnson being the prin- 
 cipal buyer and seller for bis firm. His face and voice 
 were well known in the salesroom, where he was sure to be 
 when there was business to be done. He did many a poor 
 seller a good turn by bidding his tobacco up to fair figures. 
 No tobacco was too good nor any too ordinary for Mr. 
 Johnson to buy. His firm had custom for alt sorts, and he 
 bought freely, thus helping to make Cincinnati an im- 
 portant tobacco market. The leaf business of the firm 
 reached such proportions under Mr. Johnson’s skilful 
 direction that it was thought expedient to confine the 
 operations of the house to that specialty. During the war, 
 and for a year or two after its close, Messrs. Roberts & 
 Johnson did an immense trade, realizing large profits, a 
 satisfactory state of affairs which continued until the firm 
 was dissolved. The division of the assets gave to each 
 partner a handsome competency. Mr. Johnson continued 
 the business in his own name, until within a year or two 
 since, with all his old time energy. His health began to 
 give w.ay under the strain ; he was not disposed to go “ on 
 the road ” to solicit custom, as his younger competitors 
 were doing, and he resolved to withdraw from active 
 business as soon as he could bring it to a satisfactory close. 
 He has since been gradually disposing of bis large stock 
 with a view to an early retirement. Mr. Johnson resides in 
 the Sixteenth ward of Cincinnati, in a handsome residence, 
 surrounded by the comforts which he has earned by years 
 of unremitting toil. For one term he represented his ward 
 in Council, but the course of municipal legislation was not 
 to his liking, and he declined to take any further part in 
 politics. He is an earnest and exemplary member of the 
 Methodist Church and a faithful laborer in the Sunday- 
 school cause, to both of which he has contributed liberally 
 of his time and means. He is strictly temperate in all 
 
 things, and a man who has the respect of the community. 
 As husband and fixther he is the well-beloved head of a 
 happy family circle. 
 
 ■ cKINNEY, SAML'EL S., Lawyer, was born, 
 August 31st, 1818, on a farm two miles north 
 of Piqua, Miami county, Ohio, of American par- 
 entage. His father was a Pennsylvanian by 
 birth, and removed to Ohio towards the close of 
 the last century, thus becoming one of the pioneer 
 settlei-s of the State, and settled on the farm where his chil- 
 dren were afterwards born. Samuel lived gn the farm until 
 he was twenty-two years old. He received a good common 
 school education, and then commenced the study of law 
 with Gordon N. Mott, of Piqua, afterwards Territorial 
 Judge of Nevada. He was admitted to the bar in 1842, 
 and commenced the practice of his profession in Piqua, 
 where he has ever since resided. In 1850 he took his 
 brother, Hon. J. !•'. McKinney (whose biographical sketch 
 appears in this volume), into partnership with him, w hich 
 firm still continues, their practice being large and very 
 lucrative. He has alw.ays beeil a Democrat, but has uni- 
 formly declined office. He was Mayor of Piqua in the 
 early part of his career, excepting which he h.as held no 
 offices. He married, 1848, Elizabeth Manning, of Piqua, 
 who died in the following year. He was again married, in 
 1854, to Caroline, daughter of Rev. Joshua Boucher, well 
 known thi-oughout the State for his services in the pulpit. 
 She died in the year succeeding her marriage. He has 
 never married again. 
 
 I 
 
 c>c,, 
 
 ;,(a ONE.S, AQUILA, Physician, was born, April 12th, 
 1807, at Bean Station, Granger county, Tennes- 
 see. He is the eighth of ten children, the issue 
 of Villiam Jones and Deborah MeVey. His 
 father was a native of North Carolina, and by 
 trade a housebuilder. William Jones moved to 
 Ohio, March 4th, 1810, locating near Wilmington, Clinton 
 county, where he resided until his death, August yih, 1841. 
 The mother of our subject was a Virginian. She died in 
 1849. A<iuila received careful training at home, and at- 
 tended the best schools until he was sixteen years of age, 
 in the meantime teaching one year at Wilmington, Clinton 
 county. In 1825 he was appointed by the Commissioners 
 of Clinton county to fill the office of County Auditor, which 
 he held for two years. While teaching school he had read 
 ' Blackstone,” with a view to adopt the law as his profes- 
 sion. He afterwards ab.andoned this design, and in the 
 fall of 1824 began reading medicine under Dr. Loami 
 Rigdon, of Wilmington. P'or the next four years he was a 
 close student under good instruction. In 1829 he entered 
 the Ohio Medical College, and attended lectures faithfully. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 SoS 
 
 In 1830 he began practice at Washington Court House, 
 Fayette county, Ohio, remaining there about one year. In 
 1831 he moved to Bainbridge, Ross county, where he pur- 
 sued his profession until the winter of 1834-35, when he 
 •took up his residence at Wilmington, Clinton county. Dr. 
 Jones has since lived in Wilmington, where he has built up 
 a large practice. He has been a frequent contributor to 
 medical journals, his articles attracting considerable atten- 
 tion from the profession. For many years he has been an 
 active member of the Ohio Medical Association. In poli- 
 tics Dr. Jones is a Democrat. He cast his first vote for 
 Henry Clay. His temperate, upright life and courteous 
 a<ldress, have merited the regard of the community in which 
 he lives. November 2d, 1S30, he married Caroline A. 
 Dawson, of Frederick county, Virginia, by whom he is the 
 father of si.x children. 
 
 p^felDDINGS, JOSHUA REED, Lawyer and States- 
 iii-T''. was born, October 6th, 1795, Athens, 
 ^ 'll f] Rradford county, Pennsylvania. In infancy his 
 parents removed to Canandaigua, New Vork, 
 j’ where they remained until he was ten years old, 
 when they emigrated to Ashtabula county, Ohio, 
 among the first settlers in that part of the Western Reserve. 
 His only opportunities for study were such as he could 
 command in the family circle, and in the intervals of hard 
 labor upon his father’s farm. In 1812, when less than 
 seventeen years old, he enlisted as a soldier for active ser- 
 vice, being accepted as a substitute for an older brother. 
 He was one of •the e.\pedition sent to the peninsula north 
 of Sandusky bay, where, in two battles on one day with a 
 superior force of Indians, it lost nearly one-fifth of its num- 
 ber in killed and wounded. At the close of his short term 
 of service as a soldier, he commenced teaching school. In 
 1817 he began the study of law with Hon. Elisha Whittle- 
 sey, and was admitted to the bar in 1820. In 1826 he was 
 chosen a Representative to the State Legislature, and after 
 serving one term, declined a re-election, and devoted him- 
 self to his profession until 1838, when he was elected to 
 Congress as the successor of his instructor, Hon. E. Whittle- 
 sey. Having been for some years an active abolitionist, 
 and entering the House at a time of great e.xcilement on 
 the subject of slavery, he not only took his stand by the 
 side of John Quincy Adams as a supporter of the right of 
 petition, but became at once a prominent champion of the 
 abolition of slavery, and also of the slave trade in the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia as well as in the Territories under the 
 jurisdiction of the national government; and he became 
 distinguished chiefly by the zeal and pertinacity of his 
 opposition to slavery. His first attempt to speak against 
 the slave trade in the District of Columbia was made Feb- 
 ruary nth, 1839, when he was silenced by the enforcement 
 of a nde enacted for the purpose of jireventing the discus- 
 sion of that and kindred topics. On February 9th, 1841, 
 
 he delivered his first anti-slavery speech upon the Indian 
 war in Florida, which, he contended, was begun and car- 
 ried on in the interest of slavery. In the autumn of 1841 
 the “ Creole,” an American vessel, sailed from Virginia for 
 New Orleans, with a cargo of one hundred and thirty-six 
 slaves. The slaves rose upon the master and crew, and 
 after a brief struggle, in which they killed one man, took 
 posse.ssion of the vessel, and entered the British port of 
 Nassau, where their right to freedom was recognized and 
 protected. This event created an intense excitement in the 
 United Slates, and the Secretary of .State, Hon. Daniel 
 Web.ster, in a letter addressed to Edward Everett, Unite<l 
 States Minister at London, avowed the intention of the 
 government, in the interest of the owners, to demand in- 
 demnification for the slaves. On March 21st, 1842, Mr. 
 Giddings brought the subject before Congress in a series of 
 resolutions, in which it was declared that, as slavery was- 
 an abridgment of natural right, it could have no force 
 beyond the territorial jurisdiction that created it; that when 
 a ship left the waters of any State, the persons on board 
 ceased to be subject to the slave laws of such State, and 
 thenceforth came under the jurisdiction of the United States, 
 which had no constitutional authority to hold slaves; that 
 the persons on board the “ Creole,” in resuming their natural 
 rights of personal liberty, violated no law of the United 
 States, incurred no legal penally, and were justly liable to 
 no punishment ; and that any attempt to re-enslave them 
 was unauthorized by the constitution, and incompatible with 
 the national honor. These resolutions created so intense 
 an excitement that, yielding to the importunities of some of 
 his party friends, who thought the time unfavorable for 
 their consideration, he withdrew them, declaring his inten- 
 tion to present them on a future occasion. Whereupon 
 John Minor Bolts, of Virginia, introduced a resolution de- 
 claring th.at the conduct of Joshua R. Giddings in offering 
 the resolutions to be “altogether unwarranted and un- 
 warrantable, and deserving the severe condemnation of the 
 people of this country, and of this body in particular.” The 
 previous question being moved, he was thus denied the 
 right of self-defence, and the resolution was adopted by 125 
 yeas to 69 nays. He instantly resigned his seat, and called 
 upon his constituents to pronounce their judgment in the 
 case, which they did by re-electing him by a large majority. 
 He resumed his seat May 5th, after an absence of six weeks, 
 and held the post by successive re-elections until March 3d, 
 1861, making his whole period of service twenty-two years. 
 He was one of the nineteen members of Congress, who, in 
 1843, united with John Quincy Adams in an address to the 
 people of the United States, warning them against the an- 
 nexation of Texas, and declaring that its consummation 
 “ by any act or proceeding of the Federal government, or 
 any of its departments, would be identical with dissolution.” 
 In 1844 he united with the same gentleman in submitting a 
 report (upon a memorial from the Legislature of Massachu- 
 setts) in which it was distinctly declared that the liberties 
 

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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 of the people had their primary foundation in the truths of 
 Christianity. In 1849 'ts made an elaborate speech, in 
 which he maintained that man could not be property, and 
 that to treat him as such is a crime. In the same year, the 
 Senate having amended an appropriation bill, by inserting 
 a provision extending the laws of the coasting trade to Cali- 
 fornia, with the intention, as was believed, to legalize the 
 trade in slaves between the .Atlantic and Pacific coasts, he 
 called attention to the matter on the last night of the session, 
 and succeeded in getting the provision removed. In the 
 Oregon controversy, he maintained the right of the United 
 States to the whole Territory, declaring that that right 
 would be sacrificed by the administration for fear that a war 
 with Great Britain would lead to the abolition of slavery. 
 In the celebrated case of the “.-Vrmistad,” he maintained the 
 right of the negroes to take their freedom, and zealously 
 opposed the effort to induce Congress to indemnify the 
 Spanish claimants. In 1847 he refused to vote for Robert 
 C. Winthrop, the Whig candidate for Speaker, deeming him 
 unsound on the slavery question. He acted generally with 
 the Whig party till 1848, giving his hearty support to Gen- 
 eral Harrison and Henry Clay, but refused, on anti-slavery 
 grounds, to support General Taylor. In the election of 
 1S48 he acted with the Free- .Soil party. In 1849 he united 
 with eight other members of the House in refusing to vote 
 for any candidate who would not pledge himself to such a 
 construction of the standing committee, as would secure a 
 respectful consideration of petitions relating to slavery, in 
 consequence of which, the Whig candidate for .Speaker, 
 Robeit C. Winthrop, after a struggle of three weeks, failed 
 of his election, Howell Cobb, the Democratic candidate, 
 being chosen by a plurality of voles. In 1850 he took a 
 prominent part in opposing the enactment of the “ com- 
 promise measures,” so termed, especially the fugitive slave 
 law. He w.as also conspicuous in the debates upon the re- 
 [leal of the Missouri Compromise, and in those upon the 
 subsequent troubles in Kansas. In July, 1850, he was dis- 
 tinctly charged with the abstraction of important papers 
 from the general post-office. A committee composed chiefly 
 of his political opponents, after a rigid examination, ex- 
 onerated him entirely, it being conclusively shown that the 
 charge was the result of a conspiracy against him. On 
 May 8th, 1856, while addressing the House, he suddenly 
 fell to the floor in a state of unconsciousness, from which, 
 however, he soon revived, though in a condition of great 
 weakness. On Januai-y 17th, 1858, the same accident 
 occurred, and for some moments he wxs supposed to be dead. 
 He slowly returned to consciousness, but was compelled for 
 a time to be absent from his post; his disease was an affec- 
 tion of the nervous system acting upon the heart. Having 
 declined a renomination by his constituents, he was ap- 
 pointed, by President Lincoln, Consul-General for Canada, 
 the duties of which office he discharged at Montreal until 
 his death. In 1843 he wrote a series of political essays, 
 signed “ Pacificus,” which attracted considerable attention. 
 
 509 
 
 volume of his speeches in Congress was published in 
 Boston in 1853; and an interesting narrative of the oppres- 
 sion exercised by the slaveholders of Florida over the 
 negroes, Indians, and mixed races of the peninsula, under 
 the title of “ The Exiles of Florida,” was published in 1858, 
 at Columbus, Ohio. “.A History of the Rebellion, its 
 .Authors and Causes,” which is mainly a history of the anti- 
 slavery struggle of the last twenty-five years — antecedent to 
 the civil war — in Congress, was published just after his 
 death, which occurred at Montreal, Canada East, May 27th, 
 1864. 
 
 ELACOURT, I.OUIS B., Editor and Proprietor 
 of the A^ational Zef/inig, and son of Charles A. 
 W. and Scraphine ( Haacke) Delacourt, was born 
 at Colmar, France, January 25lh, 1830. He is, 
 as the names of his parents would plainly indi- 
 cate, of mixed German and French descent. The 
 family of Delacourt, or, to follow the original orthography, 
 de la Cottr, is one of ancient French pedigree, and being 
 royalists in politics, its members fled across the Rhine oil 
 the breaking out of the French revolution, and found safety 
 in one of the German states till the carnage of that terrible 
 epoch was concluded by the triumphs of Napoleon the First. 
 The parents of Mr. Delacourt removed to Magdeburg, 
 Saxony, the year following his birth, and he received his 
 education at the renowned polytechnic school of that city, 
 graduating from the Department of Engineering in 1846. 
 At the age of eighteen Mr. Delacourt came to New A'ork 
 and devoted one year to acquiring a perfect knowledge of 
 the English language, after which he engaged in the tobacco 
 trade, dealing principally in imported cigars. In 1850 he 
 removed to Charleston, South Carolina, where he remained 
 five years in the same line of trade as in New A^ork, and 
 during the last year of his residence occupied the editorial 
 chair of the CJiarleslon Zei/ttng, the first German [laper 
 established in the State. Leaving Charleston in 1855, he 
 engaged in the dry-goods trade at New Orleans till the 
 breaking out of the rebellion in 1861, when he went to 
 Hav.ana and remained a year, coming, in the fall of 1S62, 
 to Hamilton, where he soon afterwards established the 
 A^ational Zeitutig. A man of nervous temperament and 
 quick perceptions, with varied experience and an education 
 that gave him perfect command of three languages, Mr. 
 Delacourt was not long in making his paper a power in the 
 community. Being also a good public .speaker, he came 
 frequently before the people in the political campaigns, and 
 soon had acquired an acquaintance and an influence second 
 to no country editor in the .State. His paper reaching a 
 large class of native Germans in Butler county and the val- 
 ley of the Miami who cannot read English, has the advan- 
 tage of appealing to them in their native tongue, and as the 
 organ of the Democratic party, has an influence that is very 
 pronounced. Mr. Delacourt has been a member of the 
 
510 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 School Board for the city of Hamilton, for nearly ten con- 
 secutive years, and has been inslrunaental in elevating the 
 tune of the public instruction and ingrafting some of the 
 most useful features of the German system. These reforms 
 may not make their proper impression at once, but they 
 cannot fail of securing an ultimate recognition and the 
 gratitude of an intelligent public. In 1852 Mr. Delacourt 
 was married to Emily Ileimpz, then of Charleston, South 
 Carolina, but a native of Zweibrucken, Bavaria, in which 
 .State her brother, Philip Heimpz, a criminal lawyer of 
 great renown, was a member of the Landtag. . Dela- 
 court has had five children, only three of whom survive, 
 two sons and a daughter. 
 
 A^TEY, HON. JOHN WATERMAN, Lawyer and 
 Jurist, was born, January 3d, 1827, at Woodsfield, 
 Monroe county, Ohio, and is a son of Cornelius 
 Okey, for a long time representative from that 
 county in the General Assembly of the State; and 
 his grandfather, Hon. Leven Okey, was one of 
 the Associate Judges of the same county for many years. 
 He was educated at the Monroe Academy, and also received 
 private instruction. Having selected the law for his future 
 calling, after a due course of reading, he was admitted to 
 the bar by the Supreme Court of Ohio, at Cambridge, on 
 22d October, 1849, and at once entered upon the practice 
 of his profession. He was appointed Probate Judge of 
 Monroe county in October, 1853, and was elected to the 
 same office in October, 1854. Two years thereafter he was 
 elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and having 
 held that position for the term of five years, was re-elected 
 in October, 1861. In March, 1865, he removed to Cincin- 
 nati, where he now resides. He assisted in the preparation 
 of Gholson and Okey’s Digest of Reports, published in 
 1867, and in Okey and Miller’s Municipal Law, issued in 
 ■ 1869. He was appointed, March 27th, 1875, in connection 
 with Hon. M. A. Dougherty and Judge Day, Commissioner 
 to revise and codify the general laws of the State, on which 
 work they are at present engaged (December, 1875). 
 political creed is that taught by the Democratic party. He 
 was married, March, 1849, to Miss Bloor, of Belmont 
 county, Ohio. 
 
 ING, JOHN M., Inventor and Manufacturer, was 
 ' ' born in Prussia, October I4lh, 1824. Plis parents 
 
 were William and Mary (Morham) Long, and 
 his father was by occupation a miller. They 
 came to America when their son was ten years 
 old, and settled in Cincinnati, where he received 
 a limited education in the public schools, and at the age of 
 sixteen was apprenticed to the trade of machinist. While 
 learning his trade young Long took occasion to improve his 
 
 education by attending the evening schools and by private 
 study. He followed his trade in the capacity of journey- 
 man till the age of twenty-four, when he was induced to 
 venture into mercantile pursuits. The enterprise proved 
 delusive, and after two years he resumed his trade, and for 
 a year or two'did journeywork in Cincinnati. In 1855 he 
 came to Hamilton as Superintendent of the shops of Owens, 
 Lane & Dyer, but in the following year resigned the posi- 
 tion, intending to return to Cincinnati. He was, however, 
 prevailed upon to stay in Hamilton and go into partnership 
 with Messrs. Block & Allstatter, in the manufacture of 
 iron and agricultural implements. Without any other capi- 
 tal than the munificent endowment of their skill, the adven- 
 turous trio formed a partnership under the style of Long, 
 Black & Allstatter, and embarked in the manufacture of 
 agricultural implements. Early in the history of their 
 enterprise, Mr. Long made valuable improvements on the 
 mower and reaper, which was one of the principal articles 
 of their manufacture, and the value of these inventions by 
 Mr. Long, as well as nearly two dozen subsequent ones on 
 different implements, was secured by patents. Among the 
 more important inventions of Mr. Long are the sulky rake, 
 the self-rake, the improvements on the mower and reaper, a 
 punching machine, and an elastic-stroke power hammer — 
 the last two, though not in the agricultural line, are machines 
 used in their own works, and are of great importance. In 
 the course of a business life like that of Mr. Long, filled 
 with projects and crowded by competition, there has been 
 little time and less desire to indulge the airy ambition for a 
 public career. His thoughts and inclinations have, fortu- 
 nately for the community, taken a different direction, and 
 the city reaps a substantial benefit from the great manufac- 
 turing enterprise which he has been instrumental in found- 
 ing. He has, however, served in the City Council several 
 terms, and organized and has taken a leading part in bring- 
 ing the steam fire department of the town to its present ex- 
 cellent condition. In building associations he has taken an 
 unusual interest, regarding them as a great boon to the 
 mechanic who desires to secure a home of his own. He is 
 President of not less than three of these societies, and their 
 influence has been marked in the exceptionally favorable 
 condition of rents in Hamilton. Mr. Long w'as married, 
 July 2d, 1848, to Mary Mither, of Cincinnati, and with her 
 he has had eleven children, ten of wdiom survive. 
 
 ESBITT, BENONI, Law'yer, was born, October 
 l8th, 1812, in Washington county, Maryland, of 
 American parentage. While yet an infant, his 
 parents removed to Ohio in 1814, and settled in 
 Greene county, where they engaged in farming. 
 His education was such as the common school 
 afi'orded ; and after leaving school he engaged in farming 
 until he was twenty-two years of age, when he became 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOILKDIA. 
 
 occupied in mercantile pursuits for some seven years. 
 Having determined to adopt the profession of the law, he 
 entered the office of Judge R. F. Howard, under whose 
 supervision he went through the usual course of study, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1845. ’’OW' ranks as second 
 
 or third oldest of the active practitioners of the Xenia bar. 
 On being adn.itted to practise he immediately located in 
 Xenia, where he has ever since resided. His practice is a 
 large and lucrative one, and his standing as a professional 
 man is among the first in southern Ohio. In 1859 and 
 i860 he was a member of the Board for equalizing the val- 
 uation of landed property for the State. In 1864 he en- 
 tered the army, and was appointed Provost Marshal for the 
 ■Seventh District of Ohio, and served until 1866. On his 
 return home he resumed the practice of the law, in which 
 he continues. He was married, January, 1839, to Rachel 
 Crosby, of Xenia, Ohio. 
 
 EM BERRY, J. S., M. D., LL. D., Geologist, was 
 born in Windsor, Connecticut, and comes of old 
 Puritan stock, his family having resided at Wind- 
 sor since 1635, when the town was founded by a 
 colony from Dorchester, Massachusetts, and had 
 during the two centuries of residence there fur- 
 nished several representatives to the local and State govern- 
 ments, and to the defence of the settlement, colony. State, 
 and Union. In 1824 his father, Henry Newberry, removed 
 with his family from Connecticut to northern Ohio, where 
 he had large landed estates, inherited from Hon. Roger 
 Newberry', a member of the Connecticut Land Company, 
 and settled in Summit county, where he founded the town 
 of Cuyahoga Falls, and died in 1854. Dr. Newberry was 
 quite young when he was brought into Ohio, and conse- 
 quently received his education entirely in that State. He 
 graduated at Western Reserve College, in Hudson, in 1846, 
 and choosing medicine a.s a profession, graduated from the 
 Cleveland Medical College in 1848. The next two years 
 were spent in scientific studies at home and in Europe. 
 At the close of 1850 he returned from travel, and the next 
 spring began the practice of medicine in Cleveland, where 
 he continued with success until 1855; but was much dis- 
 satisfied, as he had no time to pursue his scientific studies. 
 In May he accepted an appointment from the War Depart- 
 ment as Acting Assistant Surgeon and Geologist to the 
 United States Exploring Expedition, .under command of 
 Lieutenant R. S. Williamson, whose object was the exam- 
 ination of the country between San Francisco and the 
 Columbia river. The results of this trip are published in 
 the sixth volume of “ Pacific Railroad Reports.” Dr. New- 
 berry’s own report on the “ Geology, Botany, and Zoology 
 of North California and Oregon,” was published in a separ- 
 ate quarto volume of three hundred pages, with forty-eight 
 plates. In 1857-58 he accompanied Lieutenant J. C. Ives, 
 
 5H 
 
 in the exploration and navigation of the Colorado river ; the 
 object being to open a navigable route of communication 
 with the United States troops in Utah. An iron steamer, 
 built in sections, was taken from Philadelphia to the head 
 of the Gulf of California, and there put together and 
 launched. In this steamer they navigated the river 500 
 miles above its mouth, when they were stopped at the lower 
 end of the Great Canon, an immense chasm through which 
 the river pursues its way for hundreds of miles between 
 nearly vertical banks ranging from 30x00 to 6000 feet in 
 height. One year was spent in exploring the country bor- 
 dering on the Colorado; the information obtained regarding 
 it being entirely new and of absorbing interest. Dr. New- 
 berry’s report occupies about one-half of the entire space, 
 and was declared by the commanding officer, in his intro- 
 ductory report, to contain “ the most interesting material 
 gathered by the expedition.” In 1859 he was assigned to 
 another exploring expedition, and took command of a party 
 ordered to report to Captain J. N. Macomb, Topographical 
 Engineer United States army, to explore the San Juan and 
 upper Colorado rivers. The work of this expedition took 
 him over a large part of southern Colorado, Utah, northern 
 Arizona, and New Mexico, which were found to be rich in 
 natural beauties and mineral wealth. This expedition 
 found the point of junction of the Grand and Green rivers, 
 the paVent streams of the Colorado, and explored the valley 
 of the San Juan, the Colorado’s largest tributary, which is 
 as large as the Connecticut, and once flowed by the popu- 
 lous towns of a semi-civilized people, the ruins of whose 
 homes now border the banks for hundreds of miles. Be- 
 fore this most interesting report w.as published the war of 
 the rebellion broke out, and the manuscript still remains in 
 the War Dei)artment. In .September, 1861, he accepted 
 the pc-. lion of Secretary of the Western Department of the 
 .Sanitary Commission, and continued to have the manage- 
 ment of it until its work was closed and the soldiers had 
 returned to their homes. His head-quarters were first in 
 Cleveland, and then in Louisville, Kentucky. At one 
 time there were more than 5000 societies tributary to it in 
 the loyal States of the Northwest ; and hospital stores to the 
 value of more than ^5,000,000 were distributed by it in the 
 valley of the Mississippi, and over 850,000 names were on 
 the records of its “ Hospital Directory,” at Louisville, and 
 1,000,000 soldiers, for whom no adequate provision was 
 made, were fed and sheltered in its homes. The Sanitary 
 Commission at the West w’as an elaborate and extensive 
 organization for the perfect connection and mutual assist- 
 ance of benevolent patriotism at home and fighting patriot- 
 ism in the field. The great success to which it attained 
 was largely due to Dr. Newberry’s talent as an organizer 
 and his executive ability. In 1866 he assumed the duties 
 of Professor of Geology in the School of Mines of Colum- 
 bia College, New' York city, a position tendered to him 
 before the Sanitary Commission had closed its work. In 
 1869 he accepted an invitation of the State of Ohio to take 
 
512 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 cliaige, as State Geologist, of the Geological Survey of the 
 State, which had been determined upon. This work con- 
 tinued five years, and was completed in 1875. The several 
 volumes, with the maps, render this one of the most valu- 
 able of any work of its kind e.xtant. Dr. Newberry is 
 enrolled among the members of most of the learned socie- 
 ties of this country and many in Europe. He was one of 
 the original corporators of the National Academy of Science, 
 and President of the New York Lyceum of Natural History. 
 
 ^OODBRIDGE, TIMOTHY, M. D., Physician, 
 was born, F'ebruary 19th, 1810, at Youngstown, 
 Ohio. He is a great-grandson of President Jon- 
 athan Edwards. His grandfather, Joseph Wood- 
 bridge, and also his father, were natives of Stock- 
 bridge, Massachusetts, where they were educated 
 and resided many years. They removed to Ohio in 1808. 
 Dr. Woodbridge received his primary education in the imb- 
 lic schools of Youngstown, and subsequently attended the 
 academy at Burton, Ohio. He afterwards commenced the 
 study of medicine at Youngstown, which he completed at 
 the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, graduating 
 from that institution in the spring of 1835. He has been 
 engaged in the practice of his profession ever since, with 
 the exception of two years passed in Brazil with Governor 
 Tod, who was Minister Resident in that emirire from 1847 
 to 1851. During the late civil war he served in the army 
 as Post Surgeon at the depot for prisoners of war, at John- 
 son’s Island, Lake Erie. He has also been a member of 
 the Town Council, and tilled the office of Justice of the 
 Peace for a number of years. He was married, in 1844, to 
 Isabella McCurdy. 
 
 jLE.\N, JOHN, LL. D., Lawyer, Statesman, and 
 Jurist, was born, March llth, 1785, in Morris 
 county, New Jersey. When he was four years 
 old his father removed to the West. He re- 
 mained one year at Morgantown, Virginia, and 
 thence proceeded to that part of the State since 
 known as Kentucky, where he sojourned about seven years. 
 In 1797 he removed to the then Northwest Temtory — now 
 Ohio — and settled on a farm. John was sent to school 
 when quite young, and made unusual proficiency for one 
 whose general opportunities were so limited. He labored 
 on the farm until he was sixteen years old, and then placed 
 himself successively under the instruction of Rev. Matthew 
 G. Wallace and Mr. Stubbs, by whose assistance he made 
 great progress in the study of the languages. During this 
 period his expenses, both for board and tuition, were de- 
 frayed by himself, as his father’s means were very limited, 
 
 and he generously refused any assistance from him. When 
 he was eighteen years of age, young McLean went to write 
 in the clerk’s office of Hamilton county. This employment, 
 while it would enable him to support himself, would also 
 initiate him into the practical part of the law, the profession 
 he had chosen for his future career. The arrangement was 
 that he should write in the office for three years, but reserv- 
 ing a portion of each day for study; the latter to be under 
 the direction of that eminent counsellor-at law, Arthur St. 
 Clair, son of the illustrious general of the same name. 
 During his continuance in the office he was indefatigable in 
 the prosecution of his double duties. He also became a 
 member of a debating society — the first ever formed in 
 Cincinnati — in which he took an active part. He was ad- 
 mitted to the practice of the law in the autumn of 1807, and 
 settled at Lebanon, Warren county. He immediately 
 attracted notice, and soon rose into a lucrative practice at 
 the bar. In October, 1812, he was elected to Congress in 
 the district in which he resided, by a very large majority 
 over both his competitors. From his first entrance into 
 public life he was identified with the then Democratic 
 party. He was an ardent supporter of the war and of the 
 administration of President Madison ; but his votes were not 
 given in favor of every measure because it was proposed by 
 his party, but solely iu reference to principle; and the idea 
 of supporting a dominant party, merely because it was 
 dominant, did not influence his judgment, or withdraw him 
 from the high path of duty which he had marked out for 
 himself. He often voted against his political friends; and 
 so highly were both his integrity and judgment estimated, 
 that no one of the Democratic party separated himself from 
 him on that account, nor did this independent course in the 
 smallest degree diminish the weight which he had acquired 
 among his own constituents. The first session which he 
 attended was the extra session after the declaration of war, 
 when the tax bills were jiassed to sustain the war. The 
 law which was passed to indemnify individuals for property 
 lost in the pulrlic service was originated by him, and very 
 naturally contributed to add to the reputation with which 
 he had set out in public life. At the ensuing session he 
 introduced a resolution instructing the proper committee to 
 inquire into the expediency of granting pensions to the 
 widows of the officers and soldiers who had fallen in the 
 military service, which was afterwards sanctioned by law. 
 At thi.s session he also delivered a very able and effective 
 speech in defence of the administration in the prosecution 
 of the war. This was published in the leading journals of 
 that day, and gave an earnest of the future eminence which 
 he was destined to attain. He was a member of the Com- 
 mittees of Foreign Relations, and on the Public Lands. In 
 the fall of 1815 he was re-elected to Congress with the same 
 unanimity as before. During the same year he was solicited 
 to become a candidate for the Senate, but declined, as the 
 House seemed at that time to present the widest arena for 
 the display of talents and for the acquisition of public fame. 
 
Eng.by H.B.HalL. from a Pliotogi.-aph 
 
 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.KDIA. 
 
 5'3 
 
 He was elected in lSl6, unanimously, Judge of the Supreme 
 Court of the State, and discharged the duties of that station 
 with fidelity. His mind seemed to combine all the leading 
 qualities which are requisite in a Judge, and his advance- 
 ment to the office was felt to be a public advantage to the 
 whole State. In the summer of 1S22 he was appointed, by 
 President ^lonroe. Commissioner of tiie General Land 
 Office, and he removed to \\ashington. He filled that 
 station for only about one year, when he was named I ost- 
 master-General, July 1st, 1823. Many of his fiieiids urged 
 him not to accept this post, as former incumbents had found 
 its duties exceedingly arduous, while at the same time they 
 were not exempt from a large share of that abuse and cal- 
 umny so often wantonly and indiscriminately heaped upon 
 public servants. It was said none could acquire reitutaiion 
 in that office; but he went into the office with the deter- 
 mination of devoting his w hole time, day and night, to the 
 discharge of his duties. He found the finances of the de- 
 partment in a low condition, and it did not possess the pub- 
 lic confidence ; but order was restored at once and public 
 confidence revived. In a short time the finances of the 
 department w'ere in a most flourishing condition ; despatch 
 and regularity were given to the mails, and the commercial 
 intercourse of the whole country was i)rosecuted with the 
 utmost celerity and ease. Inefficient contractors were dis- 
 missed, and the same course was adopted with regard to 
 the postmasters and other agents of the department. He 
 controlled its entire action. The whole correspondence 
 was superintended and directed by him, and he gave his 
 undivided and personal attention to every contract which 
 w-as made or altered. All appointments, all charges 
 against postmasters, w'ere acted on by him. In fact, there 
 was nought done, involving the efficiency or character of 
 the department, which was not done under his immediate 
 sanction. During the whole period that he presided over 
 the affairs of this department, which embraced nearly two 
 years of President Monroe’s administration, and the four 
 years’ term of President John Quincy Adams, the country 
 was divided into two great parties, animated by the most 
 determined spirit of rivalry, and each bent upon advancing 
 itself to the lead of public affairs. A question of great im- 
 port was then started, whether it was proper to make 
 political opinions the test of qualification for office. It had 
 never become the settled and systematic course of conduct 
 of any public officer. That which Judge McLean pursued 
 was marked by the greatest wisdom and moderation. Be- 
 lieving that every public officer held his office in trust for 
 the people, he determined to be influenced by no ofher 
 principles in the discharge of his public duties than a 
 faithful performance of the trust committed to him. No 
 person was removed from office on account of his political 
 opinions. In making appointments, where the claims and 
 qualifications of individuals were equal, and at the same 
 time one was known to be friendly to the administration, 
 he felt himself bound to appoint the one who was friendly ; 
 
 but when persons were recommended to office, it was nut 
 the practice to name as a recommendation that they were 
 friendly to the administration. In all such cases the man 
 who was believed to be the best qualified was selected by 
 the department. In 1829 General Jackson, at the com- 
 mencement of his first term, recognizing the superior ad- 
 ministrative ability of the Postmaster-General, tendered him 
 first the War and then the Navy Department, but he 
 declined them both. He was determined to leave Wash- 
 ington, as the spirit of party had become unusually .bitter 
 and acrimonious, and threatened to overleap all the fences 
 with which it had been hitherto confined. He believed 
 that it would be difficult, if not impossible, for him to 
 pursue the even and measured course w hich he had hith- 
 erto followed with so much credit to himself and advantage 
 to the nation. Retirement from political life seemed, under^ 
 such circumstances, most desirable. The President, how- 
 ever, wishing to avail himself of abilities which had been 
 exerted so long in behalf of the public welfare, tendered 
 him the position of Judge of the Supreme Court, the highest 
 judicial station in the country; and on his signifying that 
 he would accept, he was immediately nominated, and the 
 nomination ratified by the Senate. This position he held 
 until his death. His name was brought forward several 
 times as a candidate for the Presidency, first in 1S32 and 
 again in 1836; and even as late as 1856 and in i£6o, there 
 were those who believed that his conservative views would 
 tend to harmonize the conflicting interests and the antagon- 
 ism which existed between the North and the South, which 
 culminated at last in the civil war of 1861-65. During his 
 occupancy of the bench he was industriously and labor- 
 iously engaged in the manifold duties of his high position. 
 Rarely absent from the sessions of the court — less so, in- 
 deed, than any of his associates during the first quarter 
 century of his high office — he took a prominent part in all 
 the leading questions, constitutional or otherwise, which 
 were decided between 1830 and 1853. In some of them 
 he delivered the opinion of the court, in others he gave his 
 individual opinion, while in others again he dissented and 
 assigned his reasons for doing so. As an evidence of the 
 high esteem in which he was held by those most competent 
 to judge of his intellectual and moral excellencies, it may 
 be stated that the honorary degree of Doctor of I.aws was 
 conferred upon him by Harvard University, the Wesleyan 
 University, and by two other colleges in the United .States. 
 He Was for many years a communicant member of the 
 Methodist Church, and his public and private life was in 
 perfect harmony with his profession. He was also for sev- 
 eral years the President of the American .Sunday-School 
 Union. He was married, 1807, to Rebecca, daughter of 
 Dr. Edwards, formerly of South Carolina. She died in 
 December, 1840. After a widowerhood of three years he 
 was united in marriage to Sarah Bella Garrard, a daughter 
 of Israel Ludlow, one of the founders of Cincinnati. He 
 died in the latter city, April 4th, 1861, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOl'.EDIA. 
 
 ?Mrni, CHARLES J. W., Real Estate Operator, 
 was born, September 19th, 1813, at Bedford, 
 Pennsylvania. His elementary education was 
 obtained at Boone’s Academy, whence he passed 
 to a more advanced grade of schools, and attained 
 a proficiency in the classics and higher branches 
 of English with Alexander Kimmick, of Bedford, and later 
 of the Cincinnati College. His tastes inclined him to a 
 military life, and he urged his guardian, the late Judge 
 Todd — then one of the Judges of the .Supreme Court of 
 Pennsylvania — to secure for him an ajipointment at the 
 United States Military Academy at West Point. Death 
 called away his protector without the accomplishment of 
 this desire, and he was left at sixteen years of age to make 
 his own way through life. His adventurous disposition led 
 him to seek a home in the undeveloped Western country, 
 and he landed at Cincinnati, May ist, 1830. Being ofilered 
 a position in the dry-goods and grocery store of A. C. 
 Brown, he accepted the same, and was for three years 
 clerk in that establishment. His employer having suc- 
 cumbed to financial pressure, he remained with M. P. 
 Cassidy, the assignee, and closed up the business in 
 manner acceptable and praiseworthy. He next engaged 
 with R-. & J. Atkinson, of Louisville, Kentucky, in the 
 capacity of bookkeeper, with whom he remained until 
 1834, when he returned to Cincinnati and engaged in the 
 grocery business on his own account, on Fifth street be- 
 tween Walnut and Vine streets, being the first occupant of 
 the block of buildings erected by Elmore Williams. Here 
 he struggled manfully and energetically; but finally, in 
 1839, was overcome by adverse circumstances, although, in 
 Yielding, he sacrificed no particle of the confidence and 
 esteem of the business community. From early manhood 
 he had been an advocate of the principles of the Democratic 
 party, but never engaged in active political life until 1841, 
 when he was nominated for Constable in the Second Ward, 
 and though the district was largely Whig, he was elected. 
 In 1842 he w'as re-elected in conjunction with James L. 
 Ruffin, the Whig candidate; but during the following year 
 the number being reduced to one, and the struggle having 
 become a party contest, and as many influential Whigs were 
 impressed into the electioneering service to secure Smith’s 
 defeat, he then accepted an appointment as Deputy from 
 Sheriff John H. Gerard, and so continued until 1846, when 
 he was brought before the Democratic Convention with 
 Joseph Cooper, Thomas Weaver, and others. .Vfter leading 
 all others in five consecutive ballots, he withdrew' in favor 
 of Weaver, who w'as nominated and subsequently elected, 
 and by whom Smith was retained as his Chief Deputy. In 
 1848, by a fusion of parties against Weaver, Cooper w'as 
 elected, when Smith then left the office and formed a co- 
 partnership with William Winters, and embarked in real 
 estate operations, which association continues until the 
 present time. In 1850 he was the nominee of the Demo- 
 cratic party for the Sheriffalty, and despite the desperate 
 
 efforts of Joseph Cooper, the fusion candidate, was elected 
 by nearly 5000 majority. About this period occurred one 
 of the most characteristic incidents of his career; for al- 
 though not legally responsible to the creditors with whom 
 he had settled by passing through bankruptcy, in 1842, he, 
 with that delicate sense of honor so rarely found, took upon 
 himself the payment, dollar for dollar, of all deficiencies, 
 and this from the earnings of years of frugality and unre- 
 mitting labor. In 1854 he was defeated for Mayor by N. 
 W. Thomas, the fusion candidate. P'rom that time he 
 escheu'ed public office until appointed by Mayor Johnston 
 P’ire Commissioner, in 1S74. He has been a prominent 
 member of the Independent Order of Odd Pjellows since 
 1835, being Grand .Secretary in 1838, and made out the 
 seventh charter of the Grand Lodge. He has ever taken 
 an active interest in the furtherance of all the benevolent 
 work of the order. He w'as one of the prime movers and 
 most energetic w'orkers in the obtaining of the charitable 
 fund for the widow's and orphans of deceased members. 
 To him, also, the city probably ow'es a greater debt than to 
 any other man in the matter of street railways, which he 
 advocated with his accustomed ability and vigor. He was 
 President of the Farmers’ and Mechanics' Insurance Com- 
 pany, which he managed successfully and efficiently; but 
 became convinced that it? would prove more advantageous 
 to all parties to transfer all policies to an older company : 
 its affairs were settled in a highly satisfactory manner. He 
 is still in active business, and lacking nothing of the energy 
 of former years, although time has left his seal upon him. 
 He presents to-day a fair specimen of a man who has 
 carved his own destiny, and who, from obscure youth, has 
 triumphed over adversity, emerging from the dark shadows 
 of financial distress, and stands forth to challenge the ad- 
 miration of every appreciator of integrity, geniality, and 
 true benevolence. He is emphatically a fine representative 
 of the self-made men of the day. 
 
 'HAMBERS, HON. ROBERT E., Lawyer and 
 Jurist, was born, June 24th, 1827, in Richland 
 tow'iiship, Belmont county, Ohio, of Irish parent- 
 age, his father having arrived in America in 
 1798, and his mother two years later. His 
 father followed agricultural pursuits through life. 
 Robert attended the district school during the winter 
 months, laboring on the farm the balance of the year, and 
 until he attained his majority. He then worked at the car- 
 penter trade for about a year, after which he taught school, 
 and at the same time w'as a jiupil in an academy which pre- 
 pared him for college. He graduated from Franklin 
 College, Harrison county, Ohio, in 1853, and subsequently 
 resumed his avocation as a teacher, being employed as such 
 in the district schools for three years, and taught the high 
 schools of St. Clairsvilie, Ohio, for two years ; likewise 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 515 
 
 having supervision of the public schools of that place. He 
 commenced the study of law in 1S58, with Judge William 
 Kennon, of St. Clairsville, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1 j6o, and at once entered upon the practice of his profession. 
 In 1S62 he was elected a member of the lower House in 
 the General Assembly, and served for one year. On his 
 return home he resumed his legal duties, and so continued 
 until 1871, when he was elected Judge of the Court of 
 Common Pleas for the term of five years. He was a candi- 
 date for Congress in 1870, in opposition to Hon. John A. 
 Bingham, but failed of an election. His present position as 
 Judge is due to his acquirements, and these were only ob- 
 tained through his indomitable energy, perseverance and 
 industry. 
 
 YARKER, BENAJAH, was born in Portsmouth, 
 V Rhode Island, July loth, 1805. His father, Cap- 
 I tain Peter Barker, did good service in the revolu- 
 ^ tionary army, and in 1811 emigrated from Ports- 
 mouth to settle in New York .State, where he died 
 in 1830 at the advanced age of eighty-eight years. 
 ILnajah is descended from one of three brothers who came 
 to this country with the Pilgrim Fathers, one settling in 
 Vermont, one in Connecticut, and the other in Rhode Island, 
 the latter being his ancestor. His mother was Ruth Cook, 
 d.iughter of Captain Matthew Cook. When but twenty 
 years of age young Barker secured a large contract on the 
 Delaware canal, running from Easton, Pennsylvania, to 
 Bristol, Pennsylvania. Although he had but $500 capital, 
 saved from his daily earnings, by shrewd financiering he 
 fulfilled his contract and cleared $7000. On his return 
 home his phenomenal success was the subject of general 
 discussion, and he became a hero among the lads of his 
 neighborhood. Again in 1857 he was awarded another 
 large contract, this time on the Wabash canal. In 1848 he 
 emigrated to Cleveland, where he built the present gas 
 works, of which he held the greater part of the stock for 
 some time. He subsequently organized a gas company, of 
 which he was President for five years. In 1852-53 he was 
 engaged in Iniilding the gas works at P'oit Wayne. In 
 1854-55 he constructed the gas works at Adrian, Michigan. 
 In 1838 Mr. Barker accompanied a colony from Boston to 
 Iowa, where he purchased twelve thousand acres of land at 
 one dollar per acre, selling his land in less than a month 
 for two rlollars and a half the acre. On part of this ground 
 Thornsville is now located. Mr. Barker was for many 
 years a Director of the P'orest City R.mk. He has never 
 been a politician in the general acceptation of the term, but 
 he has always faithfully discharged his duties as a citizen of 
 a republic. He took a decided stand against slavery. Many 
 a poor slave owed his freedom to Mr. Bttker, whose kind 
 heart and open purse were never appealed to in vain. He 
 has sent many fugitives on their way rejoicing to Canada or 
 other safe asylum where freedom avr ailed them. Part of 
 
 his general crusade against slavery was the building of a 
 church edifice where Plymouth Congregational Church now 
 stands. He purchased the lot, giving his check for four 
 thousand dollars, contributed to the building fund, and per- 
 sonally superintended the erection of the building. When 
 the congregation was organized it took a bold, positive stand 
 against slavery, and bore a noble part in moulding public 
 opinion in favor of emancipation. Mr. Barker was also one 
 of the founders of an anti-slavery newspaper then known as 
 the Democrat, now the Cleveland Daily Leader. Mr. 
 Barker has always enjoyed the respect and confidence of his 
 friends and the public. He has been active in benevolent 
 works. Churches and charities have found him willing and 
 anxious to contribute his time and money in their aid. He 
 has retired from business, and now in the autumn of his 
 years enjoys the fruits of a well-spent life. In 1853 he 
 married Elizabeth, daughter of James Vanderwerker, of 
 Saratoga county. New York, who has borne him three chil- 
 dren now living — one son, much esteemed in the community, 
 and two daughters. 
 
 ,f'^^ILLMORE, GENERAL QUINCY ADAMS, was 
 born at Black River, Lorain county, Ohio, P'eb- 
 ’ll I ruary 28tli, 1825. His parents were of mingled 
 .Scotch-Irish and German extraction. His father, 
 Quartus Gilhnore, was a native of Massachusetts, 
 
 (9 ^ * 
 
 and the son of a farmer there. This farm was 
 exchanged for a tract of one thousand acres on the Western 
 Reserve, and at the age of twenty-one (Juartiis went thither. 
 In 1824 he was married to Mrs. Elizabeth Smith, maiden 
 name Reid. Both have lived to enjoy the fame of their 
 distinguished son. Quartus Gillmore was a strong Whig, 
 and his son was born on the day the news of John Quincy 
 Adams’ election to the Presidency was received. These 
 two happy events coming together, it was thus that he came 
 to be a namesake of the illustrious statesman. The boy 
 grew up amid pioneer surroundings, working on the farm 
 in the summer, and receiving the customary schooling in the 
 winter. He was a very apt scholar, and made rapid 
 progress. After entering his teens he was sent for a winter 
 to Norwalk Academy, twenty-five miles from his home. 
 At the age of seventeen he became a school-teacher, and for 
 three years he followed this occupation, spending two vaca- 
 tions at a high school in Elyria. But he never liked school- 
 teaching, and longed to change it for some other occupation. 
 In the spring of 1845 the pupils of the Elyria High School 
 gave an “ exhibition,” at which the young pedagogue read 
 an original poem entitled “ Erie,” which was afterwards 
 published in the county newspaper, and which possessed 
 such merit as to be copied into many other journals. About 
 this time he commenced the study of merlicine in the office 
 of Dr. Samuel Strong, at Elyria. Meanwhile the represent- 
 ative in Gongress from the district. Hon. E. S. Hamlin, 
 was casting about for a suitable youth to fill an appointment 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 S>6 
 
 to West Point. Of two selected, one had failed, and the 
 other proved too old. The advice of the editor of the 
 Elyria Democrat being asked, he at once pointed to the 
 author of “ Erie,” and urged that the author of such verse 
 had something in him above the average. The appointment 
 was given him, and he set out for home to acquaint his 
 parents with the change in his prospects. They were not 
 at all pleased, but eventually his father consented to furnish 
 him with money for an outfit, saying, “ I will give it to you 
 if you will promise to come out at the head of your class.” 
 He made and kept this promise. In the year of his gradua- 
 tion he married Mary O’Magher, only daughter of the 
 Academy Treasurer of Cadets. His high rank in gradua- 
 tion made him a member of the Corps of Engineers. As a 
 Brevet Second Lieutenant he was ordered to duty on the 
 fortifications at Hampton Roads. Serving here three years 
 he returned to the Academy as an instructor, and remained 
 there four years, the last year as Treasurer and Quarter- 
 master at the Academy. While here he devoted much time 
 to the study of the theory and science of cannon projectiles, 
 and their effect upon earthworks and masonry. In 1856 he 
 was promoted to a P'irst Lieutenancy of Engineers, and or- 
 dered to New York city to take charge of the Engineer 
 Agency there established. The outbreak of the war found 
 him here, and it was while occupying this post that he ])ub- 
 lished a work which has since become a standard authority 
 among engineers, on “ Limes, Hydraulic Cements, and 
 Mortars.” A paper on mathematics, which he published 
 during the same time, caused the faculty of Oberlin College 
 to confer upon him the degree of Master of Arts. His pub- 
 lished suggestions as to the defence of the Lake coast 
 attracted the attention of scientific men and the War De- 
 partment. When the war broke out he was in his thirty- 
 sixth year and a widower, having lost his estimable wife in 
 1S60, and being left to the care of four sons. In August, 
 i 36 i, he asked to be placed in active field duly, and Gover- 
 nor Dennison offered him the command of a regiment. 
 This he declined, and proposed to organize a brigaile of 
 sappers, miners, and pontoniers for service in the West. 
 The Governor favored this, hut the War Department did 
 not. The Governor urged his appointment as a Brigadier- 
 General of Volunteers, but this also fell through. An expe- 
 dition destined for the coast of South Carolina was being 
 organized, and his experience as agent at New York pecu- 
 liarly qualified him for fitting out this expedition. He w.as 
 promoted to a Captaincy in his corps, and made Chief En- 
 gineer to General W. T. Sherman, then about to set out for 
 Port Royal. This was on the 3d of October, 1S61. A 
 month later he was present with the staff, and after the 
 bombanlment by Dupont and the descent upon Hilton 
 Head Island by the troops, he was engaged for the next 
 two months in fortifying the positions secured. Einally 
 attention was directed to Fort Pulaski, and the possibility 
 of its reduction. The chief of engineers said it could be 
 accomplished, hut he could point to no authorities but his 
 
 own theories to sustain him. His views were a matter of 
 astonishment to the older engineers, as breaching a wall at 
 five or six hundred yards was considered the’ limit by the 
 wisest military men. His scheme was not favored by lead- 
 ing engineers, and was looked upon as wild and impracti- 
 cable. The spot where he proposed to place his batteries 
 was seventeen hundred yards distant from the fort, three 
 times the distance considered practicable. But his com- 
 mander indorsed his plan, and forwarded it to Washington 
 for approval. Through various causes of delay, and the 
 great difficulty in ])lacing the batteries in position on the 
 marshy coast of Tybee Island, the spring was far advanced 
 before the bombardment commenced. In the meantime 
 General W. T. -Sherman had been relieved, but not before 
 he had given his Chief of Engineers authority to act as 
 Brigadier-General pending his appointment. His successor 
 did not interfere with the plans. Eleven batteries were in 
 position at last, and on the loth of T'chruary firing com- 
 menced. After two days’ firing a breach was made, and 
 the magazine of the fort was in danger. The garrison sur- 
 rendered at this crisis. The loss on the Union side was but 
 one man killed. The garrison lost ju-obably twenty-five, 
 and the prisoners numbered three hundred and sixty. The 
 victor had demonstrated the enormous power of the new 
 heavy rifled artillery, for the mortars and columbiads proved 
 almost useless. He was soon after made a Brigadier-General 
 of Volunteers, but the malaria of the marshes had brought 
 on a fever which incapacitated him for the next two months. 
 On his recovery he was sent to New' Yoik to assist the Gov, 
 ernor to equip and forward troops being raised there. 
 When Kentucky was invaded by Bragg and Kirby Smith 
 he was ordered at once to Cincinnati. He w'as assigned to 
 the advance against Kirby -Smith, but he was not particu- 
 larly conspicuous in any operations in the West. He fought 
 and won a battle at Somerset, and for this success w'as 
 brevetted a Colonel of Engineers. He had just been re- 
 lieved in Kentucky when news came of Dupont’.s failure to 
 reduce Fort Sumter. He employed his leisure in submit- 
 ting his views to the War Department. He was summoned 
 to Washington for consultation, and his opinions were re- 
 ceived as final authority. The matter ended in his being 
 given command of this department, with Rear Admiral 
 Foote in command of the naval operations. Tlie history of 
 ihis campaign makes a large volume in itself, and only the 
 merest outline can be expected here. The undertaking was 
 a most hazardous one, and arrested the attention, not only 
 of the North, but of all military Europe. Forty-seven ])ieces 
 of artillery with all their adjuncts w'ere planted on the ex- 
 tremity of Folly Island, within speaking distance of the 
 enemy’s pickets, and without discovery or suspicion. On 
 the loth of July, 1863, these liatteries belched forth upon 
 the enemy across the inlet. The astonished enemy retreated, 
 and a landing on Morris Island was effected. Soon three- 
 fourths of the island was in possession of the storming party, 
 and Fort Wagner was within musket range. Resting until 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCL 0 P.^;DIA. 
 
 5'7 
 
 next clay, an unsuccessful assault was made upon Wagner, 
 the slaugliter to the Union troops being great. Siege was 
 laid to it, and in a week another assault was made, but it 
 was handsomely repulsed again. This second failure de- 
 cided the commander to turn his attention to Sumter. His 
 defensive line was between four and five thousand yards 
 from the fort, considerably over two miles. He at once 
 began the construction of breaching batteries consisting of 
 one, two, and three-hundred-pounder Parrott guns. Finally, 
 after overcoming great difficulties, the fire upon Sumter was 
 opened on the morning of August 17th. For a week the 
 fire was kept up, and in a few days great gaps were made in 
 the wall. Wagner kept up a fierce fire, and came near dis- 
 mantling some of the breaching guns. But Sumter began 
 to present the appearance of a shapeless ruin, and the work 
 of reduction was nearly accomplished. At this juncture the 
 great artillerist called upon Beauregard to surrender, adding 
 that if he did not comply within four hours, he would shell 
 Charleston. The Confederate treated the demand with 
 contempt. In the middle of the night a shell, from an un- 
 known quarter, burst in the streets. Shell after shell fol- 
 lowed, shattering the costly residences of the aristocratic 
 quarter. Where they came from was a mystery. Beaure- 
 gard said it was barbarous, and a viol.ation of the rules of 
 war. The shells came from an oozy marsh, where the 
 Union General had placed a gun with the greatest difficulty 
 and with the utmost secrecy. The placing of this gun in 
 this marsh was a remarkable exploit, from the great difficulty 
 in securing a foundation. The continuous firing upon 
 .Sumter had made it almost untenable, and this and the 
 shelling of the town had struck terror to the very heart of 
 Charleston. But in the midst of it all came a lull. The 
 navy was accompli.shing nothing, although .Sumter was 
 silenced and the early capitulation of the city seemed a cer- 
 tainty. Failing to secure the co-operation of this arm of the 
 service, Gillmore again turned his attention to Wagner, as 
 yet defiant. Opening a fire upon it which lasted for two 
 days and nights, he prepared for another assault. But the 
 enemy (juietly evacuated, and the fort was entered without 
 opposition. Great was the praise bestowed upon him in 
 this country and in Europe. An editorial in the Tribune 
 was concluded as follows : 
 
 Pulaski, Somerset, the landing at Morris Island, the de- 
 molition of .Sumter — WAGNftR. “ The greatest is behind ! ” 
 Whatever may be thought of the many deeds which may 
 illuminate the sad story of the Great Rebellion, the capture 
 of Wagner by General Gillmore will be regarded as the 
 greatest triumph of engineering that history has yet recorded. 
 
 But after all these successes the fall of Charleston did not 
 take place until eighteen months afterward. General Gill- 
 more now organized a movement to invade Florida, and 
 despatched General Seymour there. The latter was met by 
 the rebels and disastrously defeated. Operations around 
 Charleston being at a standstill, he asked to be relieved 
 there and sent to another field. He was ordered to report. 
 
 with the Tenth Army Corps, to General Butler, at Fortress 
 Monroe. But he soon had a disagreement with Butler, and 
 this continuing, Grant removed him to another department. 
 He was given a command to oppose Early, who was operat- 
 ing in Maryland. Three days after assuming command, he 
 was severely injured by a fall from his horse, and was un- 
 able to report for duty until the latter part of August. 
 When he did so, he was appointed by Mr. Lincoln President 
 of a board to test the Ames gun. After this service had 
 been performed satisfactorily, he was appointed Acting 
 Inspector General of Fortifications for the Military Division 
 of the West Mississippi, and he spent a couple of months in 
 an extended tour of inspection. In the latter part of January, 
 1865, it was decided to again place him in command of the 
 Department of South Carolina, the field where he had 
 achieved his fame. He assumed command on the 9th of 
 February, and a w’eek or so later he was steaming into the 
 harbor of Charleston. His government of the department 
 was wise and judicious, but he longed for his old familiar 
 work in the Engineer Corps. Accordingly he was mustered 
 out of the volunteer service at his own request, at the time 
 holding the rank of Brevet Major-General in the United 
 States army. A distinguished writer has said of him : 
 
 .... In his proper province 'as engineer and artillerist, 
 he was as bold as in the field he was cautious. He ignored 
 the limitations of the books. He accepted theories that 
 revolutionized the science, and staked his professional 
 standing on great operations based upon them. He made 
 himself the great artillerist of the war. If not also the fore- 
 most engineer, he was second to none, and in the boldness 
 and originality of his operations against Wagner, he sur- 
 passed any similar achievements, not only in this, but in any 
 war; so that now .... when men speak of great living 
 engineers, they think as naturally of Gillmore in the new 
 world, as of Todleben in the old. 
 
 In appearance General Gillmore is one of the handsomest 
 officers in the army. He is above the medium height and 
 compactly built. In society he is found to be refined and 
 accomplished. In common with most of the army officers, 
 he is a conservative in politics. Since the close of the war 
 he has been constantly employed in the engineer service, 
 and his head-quarters at present are in New York, where 
 he has charge of a large amount of important work, includ- 
 ing the construction of forts and batteries, and the testing of 
 metals submitted to a board of examiners of which he is a 
 member. 
 
 ALM, JEFFERSON, Lawyer, was born, Novem- 
 ber 22d, 1821, in Cufnberland county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and is a son of Adam and Nancy (Askew) 
 Palm. The founder of the family in America- 
 was John Palm, who emigrated from Germany in 
 1760, and settled in New Jersey. While Jefferson 
 was but an infant his father removed to Ohio in 1822, and 
 settled in Trumbull county. He there attended the common 
 
5i8 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAI, EXCVCLOIVBlJl A. 
 
 school until he was nineteen years of age, when he com- 
 menced the study of law with William L. McKnight, of 
 Warren, and finished his readings with John M. Edwaids. 
 lie was elected Justice of the Peace for Warren in 1851, 
 and held the office for nine successive years, terminating in 
 i860. In 1863 he was again elected to that position for a 
 term of three years. In 1862 he commenced the publica- 
 tion of the IVarren Constitution, which he edited for five 
 years, and then disposed of it to Judge Birchard. lie was 
 commissioned Postmaster of Warren by President Johnson, 
 and served in that position during his administration. He 
 is now in the enjoyment of a good legal practice. 
 
 ECK, JOHN CRAFTON, M. D., Physician, was 
 born in Vienna, Scott county, Indiana, January 
 19th, 1822. Idis father, Samuel Beck, was third 
 in descent from the emigrant, James Beck, first 
 surveyor of Prince George county, Maryland. 
 James Beck was cousin to John Beck, once gov- 
 ernor of Luxemburg. This family is traceable down to the 
 mailed horseman of the same name who joined the fortunes 
 of Coeur-de-Lion in the Crusades. Dr. Beck began the 
 study of medicine at the age of eighteen, having until this 
 time worked on the farm and in the carpenter’s trade. 
 He commenced practice before reaching his majority in 
 Azalia, Bartholomew county, Indiana; entered the Medi- 
 cal College of Old), at Cincinnati, in 1848, and graduated 
 in the spring of 1849, previous four years’ practice en- 
 abling him to dispense with one course of lectures. In 1847, 
 before entering the medical college, he was married to 
 Vashti Davis, daughter of Ransom Davis, of New’.nirn, In- 
 diana. After graduating. Dr. Beck located in Cadiz, Henry 
 county, of the same State, where he soon made a large and 
 profitable practice. In 1858 he accepted the Professorship 
 of Medical Jurisprudence in the Cincinnati College of Med- 
 icine and Surgery, and was afterwards elected by the Board 
 of Trustees to fill the Chair of Anatomy and Physiology in 
 the same institution. This position he resigned about the 
 beginning of the rebellion to accept the appointment of 
 Surgeon in the army. In 1862 he h.id the pleasure, though 
 a noncombatant, of encountering and capturing, near Mur- 
 freesboro’, Tennessee, the rebel Captain Charles M. Beck- 
 with. He served in various regiments, as .Surgeon in the 
 field, until the close of the war. After the war he opened 
 his office in Newport, Kentucky. At this time he served 
 two years as President of the Newport Board of Education. 
 During his residence in Newport, Dr. Beck made three 
 unsuccessful races, as the candidate of his party, for the 
 Legi.-.lalure. In 1870 he again returned to Cincinnati, 
 where he has since devoted himself solely to his profession. 
 He is in the prime of life and possessed of a vigorous ci n- 
 stitution, and, unlike too many in his noble profession, is a 
 close student, keeping fully up with the medical literature 
 
 of the day, to which he is frequently a contributor. For 
 several years he edited, with recognized ability, the Cincin- 
 nati Medical and Surgical A'etos, and h,as just published his 
 “ Notes on the Early Settlement and History of Bartholo- 
 mew County, Indiana.” He is a Royal Arch Mason; also 
 a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and 
 was originally a member of the Christian or Disciples’ 
 Church, preaching as an evangelist in that church, until in 
 the early days of his settlement in Cincinn.ati, when he be- 
 came a convert to the Roman Catholic faith, and entered 
 that church. 
 
 ICKINSON, HON. EDWARD F., Lawyer, son 
 of Hon. Rudolphus Dickinson, w'as born at Fre- 
 mont, Ohio, January 21st, 1829, graduated at St. 
 Xavier College, Cincinnati, and read law with 
 Hon. L. B. Otis. He w'as admitted to the bar in 
 1850. He W'as for two terms Prosecuting Attor- 
 ney for .Sandusky county. He was a Delegate to the Na- 
 tional Democratic Convention, which met first at Charleston 
 and then at Baltimore, in i860. He served for three years 
 as I'irsl Lieutenant and Regimental Quartermaster of the 
 8th Ohio Infantry in the late war. In 1866 he was elected 
 Judge of the Probate Court of Sandusky county. He was 
 elected to the Forty first Congress, in 1868, from the Ninth 
 Ohio district, composed of Erie, Huron, Ottawa, Sandusky, 
 ■Seneca, and Crawford counties. In 1871 he w’as elected 
 Mayor of the city of Fremont, being re-elected in 1873 and 
 1875. On the I2th of September, 1852, Mr. Dickinson 
 married Henrietta R. Mitchener, daughter of Rhyner 
 Mitchener, late of Philadelphia. 
 
 RIGHT, 'rHOM.\S, M. D., w'as born in March, 
 C J I I * 797 ’ county Tyrone, province of Ulster, north 
 (■ I J; I of Ireland. He was the youngest of seven chil- 
 r. dren, named as follows: Jane, who died of 
 ^ dropsy; Robert, who w'as killed on the plains of 
 
 Albuora, in .Spain ; John, who died in Vermont ; 
 Quintin,who died on the old homestead; George, who died 
 in Craftshury, Vermont; Alexander, who died in Barton, 
 Vermont ; Nancy, who died in Rochester, New' Vork ; and 
 Thomas, the only living representative of the family. Both 
 his parents w'ere natives of Ireland. His father, John 
 Wright, being of English, and his mother (maiden name, 
 Elizabeth Lee) of Scotch extraction. His father followed 
 through life the occupation of a farmer and lived in com- 
 fortable circumstances, so that he was enabled to give his 
 son a very complete and liberal education. In the fall of 
 1812 Thomas went to the Apothecary’s Hall, in Dublin, 
 j and passed an examination in Greek and Latin previous to 
 I his entering college. November, 1813, he entered the cele- 
 1 brated University of Glasgow, Scotlaml, filling the following 
 
BIOGKArillCAL ENX’VCLOIVEIJIA. 
 
 519 
 
 classes : anatomy, under Dr. Jeffries ; surgery, also obstetrics, 
 under Dr. Towers ; chemistry, under Dr. Cleghorm ; also 
 the dissecting-room. In April he returned home, and 
 through his father’s influence, the Earl of Caledon had him 
 appointed assistant to Dr. John Crozier, who was then phy- 
 sician to three dispensaries, one in the county of Tyrone, one 
 in county .Armagh, and the third in the county of Monahan. 
 The counties cornered, and were three miles apart; each 
 was open two days in the week, and so the whole week 
 was occupied. He continued in this position until the fall 
 of 1S17, when he returned to the University of Glasgow, 
 filling the following classes; theory and practice, under Dr. 
 Fruier; chemistry, under Dr. Thompson ; materia medica, 
 under Dr. Miller; anatomy, under Dr. Jeffries; surgery, 
 under Dr. John Burns (brother of the famous Allen Burns, 
 who has written on obstetrics). This session he attended 
 the Hospital and Lying-in Infirmary, consequently he pos- 
 sessed all the tickets entitling him to a diploma of Bachelor 
 of Surgery. Dr. Crozier was dismissed by favorites of the 
 managers, consequently Dr. Wright lost his place. In 1815 
 -16 the army was reduced, and the army surgeons sent home 
 on half pay; no young man could compete with them. He 
 then resolved to visit America, and engaged with the ship 
 “ Prince,” of Waterloo, in the spring of 1820, as Surgeon, 
 going out to Quebec from Belfast, with three hundred pas- 
 sengers (at that time no vessel with passengers could sail 
 for America without an approved surgeon). From Quebec 
 he proceeded up the St. Lawrence river to Montreal, and 
 from there to Burlington, Vermont, whence he went to the 
 town of Craftsbury, Orleans county, where he had three 
 brothers living. He resided in Vermont until, in conse- 
 quence of the severe winters, he resolved to remove West. 
 Accordingly, in 1823, he moved to Ohio, settling in Read- 
 ing, Hamilton county, of that .State. He remained there 
 until he contracted an intermittent fever, caused by the ma- 
 laria arising from the creeks, and in order to regain his 
 health he resolved to visit his father-in-law’s place in Ver- 
 mont. He stayed in Vermont until his health was restored, 
 and then started for the West. During his journey he pur- 
 cha.sed a place in the Western Reserve, and stayed there 
 three years, in which time he established a large practice. 
 But receiving many written invitations to return to Cincin- 
 nati, he concluded to do so, and accordingly started for that 
 place in 1832. During this last Journey he lost all his 
 valuable papers and books, which he had brought with him 
 from Europe. Politically he is a staunch Jackson Demo- 
 crat, and entered the Legislature as such, but finding the 
 Democracy there, with the exception of about thirty, were 
 Calhoun men, and thinking that Abraham Lincoln and 
 Stonewall Jackson were both Democrats, he voted for Lin- 
 coln, and is now a staunch Union man. He asserts that the 
 Democrats now are all Calhoun men, who believe that each 
 individual State has a right to secede, and he utterly abhors 
 such a theory. As to religion, he is a Protestant, and a 
 member of the Church of Disciples. He was married 
 
 during his residence in Craftsbury, Vermont, to Sophie 
 Huntington, daughter of Dr. Samuel Huntington, of 
 that place. She died in the year 1S69, leaving six chil- 
 dren. Of these, Noah D. Wright, the eldest, is an en- 
 gineer. Thomas, tiie second son, is now practising medi- 
 cine in Beliefontaine. Elizabeth, the third child, is married 
 to a citizen of Chicago. Sophie Wright Williams (deceased) 
 was the fourth child. Samuel, the fifth child, is a lawyer in 
 Nevada. The sixth child is named Mary. John, the 
 seventh, is a lianker in Cincinnati. Thomas Wright lias a 
 degree from the Miami Medical College of Cincinnati, and 
 is a member of the Eighteenth Medical District, of Warren, 
 Trumbull county, Ohio. 
 
 LLISON, RICHARD, M. D., the first Physician 
 to practise in Cincimiati, was born near Goshen, 
 New York, in 1757. He was not a graduate in 
 medicine, but was a Surgeon’s Mate in the army 
 of the Revolution. He must have acquired con- 
 siderable knowledge of medicine, and especially 
 of surgery, however, for he was afterwards Surgeon-General 
 in the Indian campaigns of Harmer, St. Clair, and Wayne, 
 and in this important position acquitted himself with marked 
 acceptability. At St. Clair’s defeat he narrowly escaped 
 death.- He eventually resigned, and commenced private 
 practice in Cincinnati, and, considering the comparatively 
 insignificant proportions and population of the city at that 
 period, secured a considerable practice, increasing it steadily 
 year by year. He lived in Cincinnati and vicinity more 
 than a quarter of a century, and died there, March 22d, 
 1816. There was nothing remarkalile about him, except 
 that he was the first physician to practise in Cincinnati, 
 and the first to die within its limits. At death he be- 
 queathed no records to his brethren, but one of them, an 
 eminent writer, describes him as ” the father of the pro- 
 fession in Cincinnati.” 
 
 ’HOMMEDIEU, STEPHEN S., late Editor, Pub- 
 lisher, and Railroad President, was born, January 
 5th, 1806, at Sag Harbor, Long Island, New 
 York, and was a son of Captain Charles L’Hom- 
 medieu, formerly of that place. He was of 
 Huguenot descent, his ancestors having fled from 
 France after the siege of La Rochelle and settled in 
 America. When he was four years of age he acccompanied 
 his father, who removed to Cincinnati, at that time (iSio) 
 but a small village of a few hundred inhabitants. His 
 father eng.aged in the mercantile liusiness and also in manu- 
 facturing, which he carried on for three years, and died in 
 1813, leaving five children. Previous to his death he had 
 purchased the land now bounded by Central avenue. Mound, 
 George and Seventh streets, for pasturage and other purposes. 
 It was then somewhat remote from the village, but is now 
 
$20 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOF.-EDIA. 
 
 the centre of a great city. This property was kept intact, 
 and divided between the live children. In iSiS Stephen S. 
 L' Hommedieu, being now twelve years old, wa.s placed in 
 a store with his uncle, John C. Avery, and three years after 
 he changed to the Liberty Hall, where the Cincinnati Gazette 
 was published. At that period the paper was a semi-weekly, 
 and dependent upon the government patronage for the post- 
 office and other official advertising ; moreover, the paper wa.s 
 “ Federal ” in its political leanings. In the course of years 
 it so continued under the able management of Charles Ham- 
 mond, its editor, who had conducted the Gazette for some 
 years previous. In 1S28 General Andrew Jackson was 
 elected by the popular vote President of the United .States, 
 and the publishers of the paper having consulted with the 
 editor, it was determined to make the Gazette in every re- 
 spect an independent paper — not, however, what is now un- 
 derstood as neutral in jrolitics — believing that that course 
 would bring a better reward than all the patronage the gov- 
 ernment had to bestow. The result showed the wisdom of 
 taking such an independent position. In 1829 the firm of 
 L’ Hommedieu, Morgan & Fi.dier issued the Gazette as a 
 daily paper, commencing with only one hundred and twenty- 
 five subscribers, but few of whom are now living. It was 
 the first daily paper published west of the Allegheny moun- 
 tains or the great valley of the Ohio and Mississippi — with 
 the exception of a small sheet that had been issued by S. .S. 
 Brooks the year previous and had only survived but a few 
 weeks. The reputation of the Gazette from 1827 to 1840, 
 under the principal editorial management of Charles Ham- 
 mond, is well known to the public. In 1848 .Stephen S. 
 LTIommedieu closed his connection with the Gazette, after 
 having been in its service for twenty-seven years, and was 
 soon after elected President of the Cincinnati, Hamilton & 
 Dayton Railroad Company. This corporation had been 
 chartered in 1S46, with a capital of only $500,000. He re- 
 mained as the executive head of this company for a period 
 of twenty-two years, when he resigned his position, July 4th, 
 1871. A few days thereafter, accompanied by his wife, he 
 sailed for Europe, and made an extended tour through the 
 various countries, and also visited the Holy Land. His 
 political faith was of the old-line Whig of the Henry Clay 
 school. After his retirement from the editorial manage- 
 ment and the publication department of the Cincinnati 
 Gazette he held aloof from politics; in fact, he never sought 
 an office of any description. His last appearance as an 
 actor in any political body was at the National Convention 
 of 1848, at Philadelphia, when General Zachary Taylor was 
 nominated for the Presidency, and his favorite — Henry Clay 
 — defeated. After the dissolution of that great party he 
 acted with the Reirublicans, and was ever zealous in main- 
 taining the honor and integrity of the Union. His life was 
 one of usefulness and ceaseless activity. The period during 
 which he achieved his greatest success was marked with un- 
 paralleled progress. The changes that took place during 
 his recollection were wonderful to contemplate ; and he con- 
 
 tributed largely to the building up and the extension of 
 Cincinnati from the little village of a few hundred inhabi- 
 tants to the great city of over three hundred thousand souls. 
 He united great physical strength with mental activity, 
 laboring industriously in the enterprises of a useful and 
 honorable life. He married in 1830 a daughter of Charles 
 Hammond, one of the earliest and most famous of Cincin- 
 nati journalists, With her he lived forty-five years, and 
 twelve children blessed this union. He died. May 25th, 
 1875, at West Point, New York, sincerely mourned by his 
 townsmen and numerous circle of friends and acquaintances. 
 
 NGALLS, HON. MELVILLE EZRA, President 
 of the Indianapolis, Cincinnati & I.afayette Rail- 
 road Company, was born in Harrison, Maine, 
 September 6lh, 1842. Like the majority of the 
 boys of New England, and especially of Maine, 
 his education was commenced in the common 
 schools, which he attended during the long cold winters, 
 while in the summer time he learned to work on a farm. 
 This most excellent training for boys gave him in early life 
 a remarkably vigorous constitution both physically and men- 
 tally. When a mere youth he presented himself to the 
 superintending School Committee of his town, and on an 
 examination received a certificate as teacher. He at once 
 assumed the arduous and important, though rarely appre- 
 ciated, duties of the schoolmaster, which he continued to 
 discharge faithfully each winter for about six years. In the 
 meantime he fitted for college by graduating from Bridgeton 
 Academy. He entered Bowdoin College, but, preferring 
 to commence his professional studies, did not remain to 
 graduate, but became a .student in the Harvard Law School, 
 from which he graduated in 1863. Early in 1864 he re- 
 turned to the State of Maine and opened his taw office in 
 the town of Gray, having been admitted to practise at the 
 bar of Cumberland county. At a later period of the same 
 year he removed to Boston, Massachusetts, and resumed 
 the practice of his profession in that city. In 1867 he was 
 elected a Senator of the .Sixth Massachusetts Senatorial 
 District, and served one year, declining a re election which 
 was urged upon him. With his popularity in the Senate 
 his professional work increased so rapidly that he enjoyed 
 a very large and profitable business until 1871, when he 
 left the law and politics and removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 to accept the receivership, and subsequent presidency, of 
 the Indianapolis, Cincinnati & Lafayette Railroad. It was 
 an empty honor, however, as the company had failed and 
 was soon forced into bankruptcy. Mr. Ingalls obtained 
 money of the stockholders by voluntary subscriptions and 
 paid off the debts, and procured the release of the railroad 
 from litigation and the hands of the court in July, 1873,-and 
 immediately upon the reorganization of the company was 
 elected President, which office he continues to hold to the 
 
 a I 
 
 
^OlciXyPuh Co " 
 

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 t ' * 
 
 « Ks'* i 
 
 
 I •’* 
 
 •f^‘A‘. 
 
 Aii'.f. 
 
 
BIOGUAPHICAL ENX'VCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 521 
 
 entire sntisfaction of the stockholders. lie has devoted 
 Ids undivided time to acquiring a thorough knowledge 
 of railroading in all its details; and the Indianapolis, Cin- 
 cinnati & Lafayette Railroad under his management has 
 been entirely reorganized and its works placed in first-class 
 condition. He has shown remarkable e.xecutive capacity 
 and foresight. He is characterized by quick perception, 
 acute, penetrative and great intellectual powers. With a 
 sanguine and enthusiastic temperament and a willingness to 
 take his full share of labor, he has infused his own spirit 
 into the entire working force of the road until it has become 
 one of the best managed railroads in the West. He is al- 
 ways accessible to the humblest employe of the road, and 
 promptly investigates every grievance presented to him. 
 His remarkable energy, power of organization and ceaseless 
 activity, have been of invaluable service to the Indianapolis, 
 Cincinnati & Lafayette Railroad, and have placed him in 
 the first rank of the leading railroad men of this country. 
 He was married to Abbie M. Stimson, of Gray, Maine, on 
 January 19th, 1867. 
 
 V/flll AXWEI.L, SIDNEY DENISE, Superintendent 
 '■'IT I Merchants’ Exchange, Cincinnati, was 
 
 I I born, December 23d, 1831, in Centreville, Mont- 
 gomery county, Ohio, and is the son of Nathaniel 
 j Van and Eleanor (Denise) Maxwell, who were 
 born in the same county and State. Sidney first 
 attended the public schools of his native village, and sub- 
 sequently the select schools and academy, for which that 
 place was at one time noted. His father commenced mer- 
 cantile life in 1842, and his son’s educational course was 
 interspersed with a practical business training in his father’s 
 store, which doubtless did much to mould his future course 
 and prepare him for the w ider field to which he was to be 
 subsequently called. Prior to the war of the rebellion he 
 determined to study law, and accordingly placed himself 
 under the instruction of Hon. Lewis B. Cunckel and 
 Colonel Hiram Strong, of Dayton, Ohio, and spent a por- 
 tion of his time in their office to obtain a knowledge of the 
 practical duties of the jrrofession. Through a recom- 
 mendation of Mr. Gunckel, Colonel Maxwell was offered 
 by M. D. Potter, the proprietor of the Cincinnati Com- 
 /uercial, the position of correspondent of that paper in 
 the Army of Central Virginia, then commanded by General 
 Fremont. In May, 1861, he joined the forces of Fremont, 
 lying at Franklin, Virginia, and followed the fortune* of 
 that army through its various vicissitudes. Earlv the fol- 
 lowing spring he was sent by the same paper to Kentucky, 
 and remained with the command of General S. P. Carter in 
 their advance upon Tennessee. Eater in the summer he 
 attached himself to the Army of the Cumberland, returning 
 after the battle of Chickamauga. His return to Ohio at this 
 time led to his election, in January, 1864, to the Second 
 66 
 
 Assistant Clerkship of the Senate of Ohio. During his in- 
 tervals at home he used his personal influence largely in 
 Montgomery county for the organization of the National 
 Guards. The call came in May, 1864, fi-nding him a pri- 
 vate in the 12th Regiment, and subsequently, Iry consolida- 
 tion, in the 131st Regiment, under Colonel John G. Lowe. 
 He was detailed as Sergeant-Major at Federal Hill, Balti- 
 more, in 1864, and was at a later period detailed for more 
 responsible duties in connection with Camp Distribution at 
 Baltimore, by General Wallace, then in command of that 
 department, from which he requested to be relieved, pre- 
 ferring to remain with the men whose enlistment he had 
 been instrumental in securing. In August, 1864, he was 
 appointed the Aide-de-Camp, etc., with the rank of Colonel, 
 to John Brough, Governor of Ohio, at once entering upon 
 the duties of that office, and remaining with the Governor 
 until his death, which occurred before the expiration of his 
 term of office. He continued the same relation with Gov- 
 ernor Charles Anderson, who filled the unexpired term of 
 Governor Brough. After the conclusion of the war Colonel 
 Maxwell again turned bis attention to the law, and while 
 engaged in arranging for his admission and practice at 
 Dayton he received a letter from Richard Smith, of 
 the Cincinnati Gazette, asking him to come to Cincinnati 
 for an interview, which proved to be for the purpose of 
 offering him a place on that paper. This was accepted, and 
 he became the Assistant City Editor in March, 1868. In 
 February, 1870, he also became the Cincinnati agent for 
 the Western Associated Press, discharging the duties of 
 this as well as those upon the paper. Later, without his 
 knowledge, he was elected to the agency of the Western 
 Associated Press, at New York city. This offered him a 
 wider new.spaper field and much larger pecuniary induce- 
 ments ; but having decided to make Cincinnati his home 
 he declined the proposition. On the 28th day of October, 
 1871, he was elected by the Board of Officers in the Cin- 
 cinnati Chamber of Commerce to the position of Superin- 
 tendent of the Merchants’ Exchange, and on the 1st day 
 of November following assumed the duties of that office, 
 becoming the successor of William Smith, Esq., who, after 
 a long and honorable service, had resigned that office. 
 Colonel Maxwell retired from the Gazette, \m\. continued his 
 connection with the Western Associaled Press until January, 
 1874, when he resigned that position, and has since devoted 
 his attention solely to the duties of his office. He has 
 charge, under the direction of the Board of Officers, of the 
 affairs of the Merchants’ Exchange, and is the Statistical 
 Officer of the Chamber of Commerce. His reports of the 
 trade and commerce of Cincinnati and of the pork-packing 
 of the country are well and favorably known throughout 
 this and other countries. In politics Colonel Maxwell has 
 been a Republican from the organization of that parly. He 
 united with the Presbyterian Church while he was reading 
 law, and still retains his membership. ("In Wednesday, June 
 30th, 1875, Colonel Maxwell w as married to Isabella Neff, 
 
522 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOIL-EDIA. 
 
 daughter of Colonel Peter Rudolph Neff and granddaughter 
 of Peter Neff, whose biography appears elsewhere in this 
 work. 
 
 TIEBEL, HENRY G., was born, March 12th, 
 1825, in Homberg, on the Ohm, by Gessen, Ger- 
 many. He attended the common schools of his 
 native city, and subsequently studied surveying 
 at the University of Giessen, with a view to fol- 
 low it as a profession. At the age of seventeen 
 years, however, he entered a mercantile house in West- 
 halpen, where he remained for two years and a half, at the 
 end of which time he concluded to try his fortune in 
 America. Accordingly, in the early spring of 1845, he set 
 out to take ship at Bremen. Arriving at that city he found 
 tlie port blockaded by ice, vessels were unable to go out, 
 and he was compelled to pass six months in Bremen. 
 During his sojourn here the blockade was broken, the 
 entire city was inundated, and the young emigrant lost all 
 of his personal effects, including his clothing, barely escap- 
 ing with his life. The blockade having been removed, he 
 set sail for America, arriving in due time at New York. 
 A stranger in a strange land, without friends or money, and 
 unacquainted with the language of the country, he felt him- 
 self alone, with no arm but his own to lean upon. With a 
 stout heart and a determined spirit, he set out to look for 
 something by which he could earn a dollar. Chance threw 
 in his way a young man whom he had known seven years 
 before in Europe. From him young Stiebel obtained a loan 
 of one dollar and a half. This he invested in half a dozen 
 pairs of suspenders, selling them at good profit, re-investing 
 in the same article, and again disposing of his stock with 
 profit. He continued thus for about four months, realizing 
 a snug sum, with which he purchased notions, and started 
 out to peddle his wares through the country. This did not 
 suit him, and he resolved to conduct business on a different 
 scale. He purchased a stock of fine dry goods and shipped 
 them to New Town, Georgia, where he opened a store, and 
 did a good business for one year and a half. At the end 
 of this time he disposed of his business, and accepted an 
 invitation to join his brother-in-law in Pennsylvania, the 
 latter having come to this country and settled in that State. 
 Mr. Stiebel purchased a stock of groceries and joined his 
 brother-in-law in that business. He remained here one 
 year, when he removed to Cooper’s P'urnace, near Philips- 
 burg, New Jersey, where he conducted a successful busi- 
 ness in a general country store, for nearly three years. He 
 then purchased the patent right for a street sweeper. With 
 this he went to Cincinnati and obtained a contract to keep 
 the streets of the city clean. He had a similar contract 
 with the city of Louisville, Kentucky, which he abandoned, 
 in order to devote the whole of his attention to business in 
 Cincinnati. Unfortunately for Mr. Stiebel, about the time 
 that success seemed certain, the Know-Nothing excitement 
 
 broke out, and, the city government being in the hands of 
 that party, the result operated against Mr. Stiebel, because 
 of his foreign birth. Being already weakened by losses in 
 Louisville, and the failure of the parties with whom he was 
 connected in Philadelphia, Mr. Stiebel was compelled to 
 give up his contract in Cincinnati. This involved the loss 
 of the greater part of his investment. By this time, how- 
 ever, he had made many friends, who came to his assistance 
 and enabled him to meet all his engagements, including 
 large amounts contracted by the company in Philadelphia. 
 Mr. Stiebel’s next contract in Cincinnati was for sprinkling 
 the streets, commencing with a one-horse cart and a box- 
 tank, which business increased from year to year until 1872, 
 when, after experimenting for five or six years, he patented 
 a sprinkling apparatus, now in successful operation in Cin- 
 cinnati and St. Louis. This sprinkler consists of a horizon- 
 tal tank, larger in the rear in order to keep up the pressure 
 as the water recedes. The driver’s seat is placed on top 
 to guard against approaching danger. On the top and in 
 the centre of the tank is a turret to prevent the water from 
 running over when the wagon is in motion. On the side, 
 about eighteen inches from the bottom, is a check valve, by 
 which the tank is filled, obviating the necessity of the driver 
 climbing on top. The running gear is so constructed that 
 the wagon will turn on the ground upon which it stands. 
 From the small beginning which we have related, Mr. 
 Stiebel has established a business which, in magnitude, is 
 second to none of its kind in the country. At this time he 
 has in operation, in Cincinnati alone, no less than eighteen 
 of his large wagons, requiring nearly forty head of horses to 
 run. Besides these, he has just concluded a contract with 
 the city of St. Louis, which, when in full working order, 
 will require about fifty wagons, with one hundred horses. 
 In addition to his sprinkling business, Mr. Stiebel runs a 
 line of drays requiring as many horses as he has employed 
 in his other interests. December 25111, 1849, Stiebel 
 married Jennett Schuler. To this union have been born 
 six children, four sons and two daughters, all living. 
 
 ALONE, EDWARD, Architect and Builder, was 
 born, P’ebruary 1st, 1825, in Kings county, Ire- 
 land. He labored on his parent’s farm until he 
 attained his majority, and then became interested 
 in sheep dealing, and also followed the trade of a 
 carpenter, until 1850, when he emigrated to the 
 United States. He worked in Philadelphia for about a 
 year, and then removed to Toledo. When he reached that 
 city he was without any capital whatever, nor was he ac- 
 quainted with a single individual ; hut being possessed of 
 industry, energy, and a practical knowledge of his business 
 as a carpenter, builder, and architect, he at once made 
 manifest his capabilities in designing and erecting some of 
 the finest business blocks and private residences in the city. 
 
BIOG’RAPIIICAL ENCVCLOP.^iDIA. 
 
 523 
 
 among whicli may be named the Boody House, Oliver 
 House, High School, etc. While at work on the Oliver 
 House he formed the acquaintance of the late Hon. J. C. 
 Hall, which led to results that showed the wisdom of the 
 latter, as well as the practical work of the former. This 
 acquaintance lasted through Mr. Hall’s life, and, it may be 
 added, that the trust reposed in Etiward Malone by his 
 patron received the indorsement of the leading citizens of 
 Toledo. His talents as an architect, his skill as a builder, 
 and his workmanship, are all meeting with the success that 
 every superior mechanic deserves. He was elected a 
 Police Commissioner for the term ending April, 1869; in 
 the following May he was chosen a member of the Board 
 of Education, and was made Chairman of the same, and 
 was also a member of its Building Committee; his term e.\- 
 pired in April, 1872. In the following month of June, he 
 was nominated as an independent candidate, in connection 
 with J. R. Freeman and Carl Schon, for the Board of 
 Water Works, and was elected for two years ; and upon the 
 e.xpiration of that term was renominated by both parties and 
 elected for the term of three years. He was married, No- 
 vember 23d, 1853, to Eliza Maden, of Banhew, Kings 
 county, Ireland, and is the father of fifteen children, of 
 whom nine are now living. 
 
 RMSTRONG, ELLIOTT BRUCE, Chairman of 
 the Trustees of City Water W’orks, Columbus, 
 Ohio, was born in Troy, Miami county, Ohio, 
 May 5th, 1822. His father, Richard Armstrong, 
 was an old and influential citizen, and published 
 the first newspaper in that place. The subject 
 of this sketch was educated in the common schools, and in 
 1840, when in his eighteenth year, he located in the city 
 of Columbus, Ohio, and engaged, with Chauncy and Leon- 
 ard Humphreys, then doing business under the firm-name 
 of L. Humphreys & Co., to learn the tinning and stove busi- 
 ness. He continued in the employ of this house for ten 
 years, serving them in the capacities of apprentice, journey- 
 man, and foreman. In 1850 he purchased of L. Hum- 
 phreys & Co. their stock and tools, and embarked in business 
 for himself, a vocation which he has successfully followed 
 to the present time, having had several partners. He is 
 now conducting a leading business in the stove, tinware, 
 and house furnishing goods, under the firm-name of E. B. 
 Armstrong & Co. In politics he is of the old-school 
 Democracy, and although not a politician nor office seeker, 
 yet he has held many positions of honor and trust. He 
 was a member of the City Council of Columbus, Ohio, for 
 six years, as a representative of the Eighth wanl, and dur- 
 ing that time served on many of its most important com- 
 mittees, among them the committee on water supply, of 
 which he was made Chairman, and was retained in that 
 position until, ihiough the efficiency of that committee, the 
 
 city of Columbus obtained its present effective water-works. 
 This having been accomplished he retired from the City 
 Council, but was soon called upon by the votes of the elec- 
 tors of the city to fill the position of Trustee of Water Works, 
 which place he now holds, having the honor of being the 
 President of the Board. He is a member in good standing 
 of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and has the dis- 
 tinction of being the oldest member of Excelsior Lodge, 
 No. 145. Deacon Armstrong, as he is familiarly known 
 and called, is a gentleman of integrity in all his transactions, 
 genial and affable to his companions. He manifests a 
 marked love and veneration for the trite and terse sayings 
 of Shakespeare and Burns. 
 
 O.STER, WILI.IAM IL, Publisher and Paper 
 Manufacturer, was born, P'ebruary 4th, 1828, in 
 Warren county, Ohio, and is a son of Charles 
 P'oster, a native of Cape May, New' Jersey, w'ho 
 removed to Ohio in 1823, and settled near 
 Lebanon, in Warren county. He was a lawyer 
 by jirofession, but devoted the greater portion of his life to 
 educational interests. William was liberally educated, first 
 in the. common schools, and subsequently attended the 
 Oxford University. In 1846 he commenced the study of 
 medicine in the office of his brother. Doctor H. C. P'oster, 
 then located at Springfield, Ohio, and after pursuing the 
 usual course of study in that profe.ssion, practised for two 
 years. On the expiration of that period, he formed an en- 
 gagement with two older brothers, Charles and James P'os- 
 ter, anrl located in Cincinnati, where they carried on the 
 printing press and type business, in which he continued 
 until 1858, when he purchased and published the Brook- 
 ville American, a journal of that city; and under his 
 management that paper became an ardent supporter of 
 Abraham Lincoln for President, in i860. In 1862 he 
 located at Columbus, Ohio, and became identified with the 
 interests and publication of the Ohio Stale Journal, w'hich 
 position he retained until December, 1865. During the 
 time of his connection with the latter paper, he established, 
 October ist, 1863, upon his own account, the Columbus 
 Daily Express, an evening paper, which advocated with 
 great earnestness the suppression of the rebellion, which 
 w'as then in progress. It w'as a journal conducted with 
 ability, having for one of its editors the venerable William 
 B. Thrall, since deceased. In 1863 he was appointed by 
 Governor Brough Sujierintendent of Public Printing for the 
 State, which position he held for a period of about three 
 years. In 1866 he associated himself w'ith N. 1 ). Perry, 
 Hiram G. Andrews, and James Andrews, of Delaware, 
 Ohio, under the firm-name of Andrews, Perry & Co., 
 and engaged in the manufacture and sale of pajier at the 
 last named jtlace, w'ilh a paper w arehouse at Colunduis, now 
 known as the Columbus Paper Company, and which is 
 
524 
 
 HIOGRArillCAL E^XVCLOPrEDIA. 
 
 doing, at tlie present time, an extensive and successful busi- 
 ness. He has always been a man of strictly temperate 
 habits, and a warm advocate of temperance. In 1873 he 
 was, against his own solicitation, made a candidate for 
 Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio, on the Prohibition ticket, and 
 had the honor of receiving nearly eleven thousand votes, a 
 greater number than was given to any other candidate on 
 that ticket. He is a gentleman of firm integrity in all 
 transactions with his fellow-men, active and devoted to 
 business — a man whose kind words and genial affability 
 endear him to his numerous friends and acquaintances. 
 
 r EITMANN, JOHN HENRY, Lawyer and Mayor 
 of Columbus, Ohio, was born at Heiligenfelde, in 
 the province of Hanover, Prussia, on September 
 nth, 1842. He was educated in the common 
 schools of the country, and also attended a nor- 
 mal school held at Hanover, to prepare himself 
 as a teacher. This being accomplished, he devoted two 
 years of his life to private teaching (a system of education 
 common in that country), and three years more in the 
 capacity of a public teacher. In his early youth he formed ; 
 the determination to select either England or the United j 
 States of America as his future and adopted home, and in i 
 order to be successful in this undertaking, he applied a good ^ 
 portion of his time diligently to the study and mastery of j 
 the English language. This having been accomplished, in 
 1866 he came to this country and located in the city of 
 Cincinnati, Ohio, where he was engaged as teacher in the 
 Ninth School District for the period of two years. At the 
 end of this time he located in Columbus, Ohio, where he ' 
 devoted the first three years of his residence to teaching and j 
 acting in the capacity of Principal of the German schools | 
 of that city. In the meantime, having selected the profes- 
 sion of law as his future vocation, he had applied himself 
 with diligence and energy to its study, so much so, that in 
 the spring of 1871 he was admitied to the bar, and per- 
 mitted to practise the profession of his choice. In politics 
 be is a Democrat, and in 1873 he, with the Hon. George 
 L. Converse, was elected to represent Franklin county in 
 the Sixty-first General Assembly of Ohio, which position 
 he filled with credit to himself and honor to his constituents. 
 In the spring of 1875 he was elected Mayor of the city of 
 Columbus, Ohio, a position that he fills with ability and in- 
 tegrity, dispensing justice with promptness and inqiartiality, 
 protecting virtue, alleviating misery, and punishing vice. 
 He is also an active and zealous Mason ; he was initiated, 
 passed, and raised to the degree of Master Mason, in 
 Magnolia Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, No. 20. On 
 the organization of a German lodge in Columbus, Ohio, 
 (Humboldt Lodge, No. 456,) he was one of the charter 
 members, and was appointed, by the Most Worshipful 
 Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, the first Senior 
 
 Warden of that lodge, but owing to his superior knowledge 
 of the German language, it was imposed upon him to pre- 
 side over the work of the lodge from the beginning; he has 
 now served the lodge for two years as Worshipful Master, 
 and devoted much time to the perfect translation of the 
 English ritual into the German. 
 
 j„EGHAN, HON. JOHN J., was born in Ireland, 
 May pih, 1845. came to this country in 
 
 1854 with his father and mother, who settled in 
 Cincinnati. John began his education in the 
 common schools of Cincinnati, but was obliged 
 to leave at the age of thirteen to do his share 
 toward the support of the family. He first went to work in 
 a tobacco factory, learning a business which he has since 
 followed. Though he had to leave school, young Geghan 
 did not relinquish the idea of obtaining a good education. 
 He improved his leisure hours by study, and gradually 
 fitted himself for the position he has since been called to 
 fill. He benefited himself gre.atly by attending a commer- 
 cial college when time allowed. He worked at the tobacco 
 business until he had reached his nineteenth year. He 
 then organized the Tobacconists’ Association of Cincinnati, 
 of which he was chosen President. This action displeased 
 the employers, and they gave young Geghan to understand 
 that he was not in favor with them. The effect of this dis- 
 crimination was to move Mr. Geghan to go into business on 
 his own account. Accordingly, in March of 1865, he asso-" 
 dated himself with two others, and formed the firm of 
 Geghan, Porter & McHugh, for the manufacture of tobacco. 
 In the latter part of the same year, he bought the interests 
 of his partners, and connected himself with Joseph Bras- 
 hears, under the firm-name of Geghan & Brashears. His 
 partner dying in May of 1866, Mr. Geghan disposed of his 
 entire interest in the concern, and temporarily turned his 
 attention to pursuits of a different nature. He organized a 
 company of volunteers for the Fenian raid on Canada. He 
 was elected c.nptain of the company, and took part in the 
 fights at Ridgway and h'ort Erie. He returned to Cincin- 
 nati at the close of the demonstration, having lost all his 
 means, and became foreman in a leading tobacco factory. 
 He continued to be employed in various branches of the 
 tobacco business until 1870, when he formed a partnership 
 with James W. Murphy, and established the Red Cloud 
 Tobacco Works. The firm of Geghan & Murphy has been 
 successful. It was not long after the beginning before 
 more roomy quarters were found to be necessary, and 
 Messrs. Geghan & Murphy moved to No. 54 East Third 
 street, where they now conduct a large and growing busi- 
 ness. From early manhood Mr. C»eghan has been active 
 in politics. His first connection was with the Repub- 
 lican party. During the Grant campaign in 1868, he and 
 the Hon. L W. Fitzgerald organized the Irish Grant 8: 
 
LIOCRAPHICAL EN’CYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 525 
 
 Colfax Club, of Cincinnati. lie was among the originators 
 of the Liberal movement in Cincinnati, and helped to 
 organize one of the first Greeley clubs. Mr. Geghan was 
 President of the Greeley and Brown Club of the Sixth 
 Ward. In 1873 he was nominated and elected to the Ohio 
 House of Representatives by the Democratic party, since 
 which lime he has taken a prominent and leading part in 
 the work of the Legislature, and has kept himself constantly 
 before the public. Among the many measures introduced 
 by Mr. Geghan are the amendment to the Adair liquor law, 
 the padrone bill, the new militia law, and the now cele- 
 brated Religious Liberty Bill, known as Geghan’s bill. He 
 is a public-spirited man, active in the promotion of every 
 cause which commends itself to his good judgment. 
 
 OTT WIFT, ISAAC, Physician, was born in Cornwall, 
 Litchfield county, Connecticut, January 30th, 
 1790. He was the youngest son and fourth of 
 five children of Dr. Isaac Swift, who served as a 
 surgeon in the revolutionary army, and died in 
 1802. The mother of the subject of this sketch 
 — a woman of most estimable qualities — died about six 
 years after her husband, and when Isaac was in his eigh- 
 teenth year. The son resolved to adopt his father’s profes- 
 sion. He entered upon a course of medical reading, and 
 attended lectures in New York city. Having finished his 
 course he was admitted to practise in New Jersey. As far 
 back as Dr. .Swift’s early manhood the East was thought to 
 be overstocked with laborers in every field, and the fast- 
 opening West invited young ambition. Dr. Swift deter- 
 mined to follow the tide of emigration rolling westward. 
 Little time was consumed in preparation. His interests in 
 New Jersey were not large. He had only to saddle his 
 horse, strap on his personal effects, mount, and march. Pie 
 set out in the spring of 1815. Passing through Palmyra, 
 Rochester, Niagara Falls, and Buffalo, he reached Cleve- 
 land City, which may have had as many as two hundred 
 inhabitants. After a short rest in Cleveland he moved on, 
 bringing up in the village of Ravenna in June, 1815. His 
 object in calling here was to consult one Dr. Carter, whom 
 he had known in Connecticut, with reference to locating 
 permanently in New Albany, Indiana. Upon inquiry he 
 found that Dr. Carter had returned to Connecticut. Though 
 weary and travel-worn after his thousand miles’ ride on 
 horseback, he would still have pushed on had not his 
 means of transportation been deranged. In swimming the 
 Grand river, at Painesville, Dr. .Swift’s horse had taken 
 Cold, and by the time he reached Ravenna the animal stood 
 in pressing need of lest and good treatment. So it came 
 about that young Dr. Swift was obliged to stop over night 
 in Ravenna. At that time Salmon Carter was building a 
 tavern on the corner of Main and Chestnut streets, where 
 the Empire Building now stands. Dr. Swift became the 
 
 guest of Salmon Carter. It so happened that the good 
 people of Ravenna and vicinity were suffering much from 
 sickness, and before the doctor had been many hours in 
 town he received a call. He suddenly realized that he had 
 a good practice without going further. He remained in 
 Ravenna until death removed him half a century later. In 
 1816 Dr. Swift formed a partnership for five years with 
 Seth Day, now deceased. They bought out a store kept 
 by one Hazlipp, and added medicines to the stock. Mr. 
 Day gave his attention to the general store business, and 
 Dr. Swift continued his practice. In 1S19 Mr. Day was 
 appointed Clerk of the court and Recorder of the county, 
 and in the following year the partnership was dissolved. 
 The store passed again into Mr. Hazlipp’s hands, and Dr. 
 Swift retaineil the medicines, continuing the drug business 
 for a time in Hazlipp’s store, and afterwards, from 1822 to 
 1825, in the store of Cyrus Prentiss, upon the site of which 
 now stands the First National Bank. In 1825 he erected a 
 building on the east corner of his Chestnut street lot, and 
 here he established his drug store permanently, as he then 
 thought. But Ravenna grew and business increased, and 
 in 1842 the drug store was moved into the brick building 
 known as Swift’s Block, on Main street. Then followed a 
 partnership with the late Curtiss Hatch, which continued 
 until 1859, when Dr. Swift retired from active business and 
 left the store in the hands of his son. Dr. Charles E. .Swift. 
 In 1824 Dr. Swift was elected Treasurer of the county, 
 which office he held until 1832. In 1846 he was appointed 
 by the Legislature to be an Associate Judge of the Court of 
 Common Pleas of Portage county. Dr. Swift discharged 
 the duties of this position for five years with intelligence 
 and dignity, retiring from the bench when the associate 
 judiciary was abolished by the adoption of the new Consti- 
 tution. For some time after Dr. Swift settled in Ravenna 
 there was no church, no regular preaching, and but three 
 church members in the place. Religious meetings were, 
 however,*instituted and held with tolerable regularity by 
 Daniel Dauley, Dr. Isaac Swift, and Seth Day, all young 
 men and not one a jirofessor of religion. “Deacon” 
 Dauley read the prayers; Dr. Swift led the singing and 
 read the sermons. These meetings were continued until 
 the organization of the Congregational Church of Ravenna, 
 in 1824. In 1831 Dr. Swift joined the church, of which 
 Rev. Abram Nash was pastor, and immediately took an 
 active interest in all of its affairs. P'or more than forty 
 years he was Church Treasurer. January 15th, 1818, Dr. 
 Isaac Swift was joined in marriage to Eliza Thompson, at 
 the house of the bride’s father, the ceremony being per- 
 formed by Rev. Caleb Pitkin, then pastor of the Congrega- 
 tional Church of Charlestown. The wedding was largely 
 attended, and was considered a social event of more than 
 ordinary im|)ortance. The young couple began housekec])- 
 ing in a dwelling which stood upon the site now occiqiied 
 by the .(Elina Block. In 1824 the .Swift homestead, on 
 Chestnut street, was completed, and since then has been the 
 
526 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 family residence. Here, after a life of usefulness and 
 honor, Dr. Isaac Swift passed away on the evening of 
 Tuesday, July 14th, 1874, having reached his eighty-fifth 
 year with unimpaired faculties. He was a jiioneer of w'hom 
 Portage county is justly proud. Dr. Sndlt is survived by 
 his aged wife and three children, viz. : Dr. Charles E. 
 Sw'ift, of Ashtabula, Ohio; Mrs. E. R. Wait, of Ravenna; 
 and Mrs. Emily Morrison, of New York city. The late 
 Governor Henry A. Swift, of Minnesota, w'as a son of the 
 subject of this memoir. A native of Ravenna, where he 
 was born, March 23d, 1S23, Henry A. graduated at the 
 Western Reserve College, read law, became clerk of the 
 Ohio House of Representatives, w'as a member of the Min- 
 nesota Legislature, one of the defenders of .St. Peter, 
 Minnesota, in the Indian massacre of 1S62, and Idled the 
 chair of the Chief Executive of the commonwealth of Min- 
 nesota. He died February 26th, iSbg. 
 
 ||OODWARD, CHARLES, M. D., Physician, was 
 born, 1804, in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsyl- 
 vania. After receiving a thorough classical and 
 academical education, he entered the College of 
 New' Jersey, at Princeton, and graduated from 
 that institution in the class of 1823, receiving the 
 degree of A. B. Having selected the medical profession 
 for his future career, he became a student in the Philadel- 
 phia Medical Institute, and in 1826 received the degree of 
 M. D. from that institution. Almost immediately after 
 graduation he removed to Cincinnati, and commenced the 
 practice of medicine in that city, which he only relinquished 
 early in 1874, owing to impaired health. It is a very 
 remarkable fact that he never lost a day of active service in 
 his profession, by reason of ill health, until attacked by the 
 disease of which he died. Wonderful buoyance of feeling, 
 great energy, constant endurance in a very large* practice, 
 were doubtless the results of such extraordinary health. 
 He was in rather straitened circumstances when he first 
 entered his profession. A speculative venture resulting 
 successfully gave him means to equip his office, get married, 
 and abide the time of his success. Prosperity soon follow’ed 
 skilful efforts in his work, and he acquire<t enviable distinc- 
 tion for family practice. He was especially noted for a 
 keenly sympathetic, gentle nature, that made him a most 
 acceptable visitor to the sick-chamber. His patrons became 
 attached to him with something akin to filial or fraternal 
 love. They had comfort in his soothing manner, faith in 
 his skill, and confidence in his ever gentlemanly bearing. 
 A singular fact in his professional career was his steadfastly 
 declining to take a professorship in colleges. He also 
 avoided successfully the quarrels, jealousies, and strange 
 differences into which members of the profession are so 
 prone to fall. While habitually courteous and friendly, he 
 was unvaryingly dignified and polite. His near a half 
 
 century of work in his profession brought him a fair compe- 
 tency; not so directly from his earnings — which alone will 
 make a conscientious and faithful physician rich — hut much 
 of what he gathered together resulted from a habit he stead- 
 ily adhered to ol buying real estate whenever his accumula- 
 tions warranted an investment. His w'armly sympathetic 
 disposition made him generous not only in giving, but also 
 in a charity practice, a large amount of attention having 
 been given the poor without charge. He was married, 
 1828, to Amelia Roe, sister of the late Charles Roe and 
 of Mrs. Josiah Lawrence, and there were horn to him six 
 sons and two daughters, all of whom survive him. He 
 died in Cincinnati, August l6th, 1874. 
 
 ^(^ONES, WILLIAM FRANCIS, Boot and Shoe- 
 ^ Jj maker, was born, August l2lh, 1S24, in Nash 
 county. North Carolina, of American parentage. 
 0 /^^ When liut five years of age he was indentured to 
 learn the trade of a shoemaker, and worked until 
 he attained his majority. He then commenced 
 business for himself, his cash capital being fifty cents, and 
 his tools consisting only of a hammer, a pair of pincers, a 
 peg awl, a sewing awl, and a knife. From this small be- 
 ginning he has prospered and gained a comfortable liveli- 
 t hood, beside having laid by a store for the “rainy day.” 
 In 1858 he removed to Cleveland, where he has ever since 
 resided. During the war of the rebellion he served one 
 year and was honorably discharged. He has always been 
 Republican in political feeling, but has never held a public 
 office of any kind. In religious belief he is a Methodist. 
 He was converted at the age of twenty-four, and up to that 
 time had never heard a sermon preached. Soon after his 
 arrival in Cleveland he engaged earnestly in the cause of 
 religion, and was a zealous laborer in the field before him, 
 insomuch that the church asked for his promotion. He was 
 accordingly ordained a Deacon by the Annual Conference, 
 at Columbus, April 30th, 1 868. He was married. May 22d, 
 1847, to Malindia Mayo, of North Carolina. 
 
 ILLER, SAMUEL A., I.awyer, Geologist, and 
 Scientist, was born, August 28th, 1S37, in Cool- 
 ville, Athens county, Ohio. After a due course 
 of preparatory education, and the requisite study 
 of the law, he was admitted to the bar, at Cincin- 
 nati, in April, 1S60. He at once commenced the 
 practice of his profession in that city, which has since be- 
 come both extensive and lucrative. Few advocates stand 
 so high in the estimation of their professional brethren and 
 the community as to business integrity and private charac- 
 ter as himself and his brother, 1 . J. Miller, being often 
 termed by their brethren of the bar y>irr 7 iobile fiatiiiin 
 He has annotated and prepared for the press the entire 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP.LDI A. 
 
 527 
 
 statutes and laws of Ohio, a work covering 3600 pages. 
 He is the author of the resolution to exclude the Bible and 
 religious instruction from the public schools of Cincinnati, 
 so that these schools may be free and equal to all children 
 alike. As a member of the Board of Education, he intro- 
 duced the above-named resolution in September, 1869, and 
 it was adopted on November ist in the same year. The 
 ■Superior Court of Cincinnati enjoined the enforcement of 
 the rule, but the Supreme Court of Ohio reversed the action 
 of the lower court, since which time it has been enforced in 
 the pulrlic schools, and is now universally regarded as a 
 permanent regulation. In January, 1874, lie commenced 
 the publication of the “ Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of 
 Science.” He has written several monographs on the sub- 
 ject of the lower Silurian fossils in and about Cincinnati, 
 described many new species, and formed some new genera. 
 In .\pril, 1875, elected President of the Cincinnati 
 
 ■Society of Natural Ilistoiy^ He is quite well known as an 
 original discoverer in geological and paleontological mat- 
 ters. 
 
 i 
 
 ILLEY, IION. JOHN WHEELOCK, Lawyer 
 and Legislator, was born in New Hampshire in 
 1797, and died in Cleveland, Ohio, in June, 
 1S41. He received a good preparation for col- 
 lege, and then was sent to Dartmouth, where he 
 was under the special care of President ^Yheel- 
 ock, for whom he had been named. After graduating he 
 went to New York to complete his studies of the legal jiro- 
 fession. In 1822, after being admitted to the bar to prac- 
 tise, he started for the West and settled in Cleveland, then 
 a small but thriving village. In the sharp struggle for 
 reputation and fortune between the many able lawyers then 
 at the bar of northern Ohio, he more than held his own, and 
 soon gained an enviable position. In 1827 he was elected 
 to represent Cuyahoga county in the House of Representa- 
 tives of Ohio, where he served his constituents ably for 
 three years. He was then chosen a .Senator for Ohio, 
 which office he held for three years, and closed his legisla- 
 tive career in 1832. On leaving the .Senate he resumed 
 the practice of his profession until 1836, when he was 
 elected the first Mayor of Cleveland. The term being for 
 only one year, he was re elected by a very large majority. 
 The original laws and ordinances of the city government he 
 drafted, and tl.ey proved, when reduced to practice, com- 
 prehensive and effective. Before the financial distress of 
 1837 he was actively interested in the original schemes for 
 the construction of railroads from Cleveland to Columbus 
 and Pittsburgh. In 1840 he was ajipointed Judge, and on 
 the bench exhibited strong memory, power of analysis, 
 promptness of decision, and strict impartiality. Ilis instruc- 
 tions to juries were models of addresses, as he always made 
 every point clear, and without wearying his listeners always 
 placed them in possession of every fact. He was always of 
 
 a cheerful disposition, and while practising at the bar and 
 while sitting on the bench was often in the haliit of telling 
 little anecdotes which made judge, jury, and prisoners 
 smile. He died while holding the itosition of President 
 Judge of the Fourteenth Judicial District. His many vir- 
 tues in private and professional life, his dignity of character, 
 and his unostentatious manner, endeared him to a very 
 large circle of profe.^sional and lay friends. 
 
 ECK, HON. HIR.^M D.WID, I.awyer, and City 
 Solicitor of Cincinnati, was born in Harrison 
 county, Kentucky, March 23d, 184). His pater- 
 nal ancestors^are from an old Vermont family, 
 while his mother springs from the early settlers 
 of Virginia. Having received his preparatory 
 education at the High School of his native county, he en- 
 tered the sophomore class at the Miami University, at 
 Oxford, Ohio, whence he graduated in 1862. In May of 
 that year he, with his fellow-students, formed a company of 
 volunteers, which was placed under the command of Pro- 
 fessor McFarland, and became Company A, 86th Ohio 
 Volunteers. They served in West Virginia until Septem- 
 ber following, when, their term of enlistment having expired, 
 he returned to find his home in the possession of the rebels. 
 They were shortly afterward driven from that portion of the 
 .State, and he returned home, where he was appointed by 
 Hon. Salmon P. Chase, then Secretary of the Treasury, 
 Assistant Assessor of Internal Revenue for his district. 
 During his occupancy of this office he studied law under 
 the direction of Hon. W. W. Trimble, of Cynthiana, Ken- 
 tucky, and was admitted to the bar at Lexington, Kentucky, 
 in August, 1864. He resigned the Assistant Assessorship 
 in September, 1864, and matriculated at the Harvard Law 
 School, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, whence he graduated 
 LL. B. in the summer of 1865. He remained at his home 
 in Cynthiana until the spring of 1866, when he engaged in 
 practice in Cincinnati. He was jirominently named before 
 the Republican Convention for the Legislative nomination 
 in 1871, but he declined. Being a delegate to the Repub- 
 lican .Slate Convention in 1872, he moved to strike out the 
 resolution indorsing Grant for the Presidency, and warmly 
 discussed the matter. He joined the Liberal movement, 
 and was a member of the National Liberal Republican 
 Convention, at Cincinnati, which nominated Horace 
 Greeley. He became one of the leading s|ririts in the 
 exciting campaign which followed, and by a coalition with 
 the Democrats for the campaign, they, by indefatigable 
 efforts, carried Hamilton county for Greeley. In the spring 
 of 1873 he was nominated by the Liberals and Democrats 
 for City .Solicitor, against J. W. Warrington, Republican. 
 In the election which followe.l his competitor received a 
 majority of 36 in a vote of 32,000; but to avoid a contest 
 the matter was compromised by his appointment as First 
 
5^8 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 Assistant to Mr. Warrington. When the latter was suc- 
 ceeded, in April, 1875, by lion. Robert O. Strong. Mr. 
 Peck was retained in the position which he had filled so 
 ably and acceptably. On January 8th, 1S75, Strong 
 
 died, and Mr. Peck was unanimously no'minated by the 
 Democrats to fill the vacancy. Shortly afterwards the Re- 
 publican committee met and refused to pul any candidate in 
 the field against him, and he was elected almost without any 
 opposition at the special election held on the 22d of January 
 following. He was married, November i8th, 1868, to Har- 
 riet E., daughter of George M. Weld, of Boston, Massachu- 
 setts, and has two children. 
 
 ARNETT, GENERAL JAMES, Merchant and 
 Soldier, was born, June 21st, 1S21, in Cherry 
 Valley, Otsego county. New York, and is the son 
 of Melancthon Barnett, w'ho removed with his 
 family to Cleveland w'hen James was but four 
 years of age. In his childhood he attended the 
 common schools of the city, and subsequently entered a hard- 
 ware store. In a few years he was admitted to partnership 
 in the hardware firm of George Worthington & Co., where 
 he remained many years. He always was interested in the 
 military organizations of the city and State. Of an artillery 
 company, organized in Cleveland in 1840, he was a member 
 more than eighteen years, until a change in the law govern- 
 ing military organizations, when this company became the 
 1st Regiment Light Artillery, Ohio Volunteer Militia, and 
 he was chosen Colonel. In 1S60 this regiment tendered its 
 services to the Governor of Ohio and was accepted. Within 
 five days after the fall of Fort Sumter this regiment was 
 ordered to the river boundary fronting West Virginia. In 
 two days it w'as in Marietta preparing to go into camp. 
 After a month in that encampment it was ordered to cross 
 the river into Virginia. A detachment with two guns crossed 
 to Parkersburg, and Colonel Barnett took the remainder 
 over at Benwood and proceeded to Grafton, tvhere he 
 awaited the arrival of the detachment, which passed up the 
 Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to Philippi. This regiment 
 took an active part in the fight there, it being noted as the 
 first artillery fired in the field by the United States forces 
 during the war of the rebellion. The regiment was reunited 
 in season to t.rke part in the attack on the rebels at Laurel 
 Hill, and the enemy fled before it. A detachment with two 
 guns pursued the rebels two days through a terrible rain and 
 over almost impassable mountain roads, which the foe had 
 obstructed with felled trees. The pursuit ended at Garrick’s 
 Ford, where the rebels made a stand, but were quickly 
 driven from their position with the loss of one gun, which 
 was taken to Cleveland as a trophy. At the close of this 
 campaign Colonel Barnett was ordered to report to General 
 McClellan at Beverly, where a consultation was had on 
 taking the artilleiy up the Kanawha to attack General Wise, 
 
 But the regiment had never been recognized by the United 
 States, as it had thus far acted under the orders of the State 
 of Ohio, and its services in Virginia were considered neces- 
 sary for the safety of Ohio. Their position was now some- 
 what doubtful, as there was no longer an excuse for their 
 being in Virginia. While this discussion was being held 
 the battle of Bull Run was fought. General McClellan was 
 summoned to Washington, and the regiment was recalled to 
 Ohio ami dismissed. Its campaign was brief and brilliant, 
 and preserved West Virginia to the Union. Its reception as 
 it entered Cleveland with Colonel Barnett at its head and all 
 its guns, and in addition the one captured at Carrick’s Ford, 
 was most enthusiastic, and the City Council gave them a 
 unanimous vole of thanks. In August, 1861, a month after 
 his return, he was commissioned by Governor Dennison to 
 raise a twelve-battery regiment of artilleiy, which the Gov- 
 ernor had prevailed on the United States to authorize. As 
 fast as the batteries were organized and equipped they w’ere 
 sent into the field. Two reached General Thomas in season 
 to join in the battle of Mill Springs, Kentucky. The other 
 batteries were sent to different commands in West Virginia 
 and Kentucky. When he had completed this work, in the 
 spring of 1862, he took a portion of his command and re- 
 ported to General Buell in Louisville. In March, w hen the 
 army arrived in Nashville, he was placed in command of 
 the artillery reserve of the Army of the Ohio, and partici- 
 pated in the battles of Pittsburgh Landing, Corinth and other 
 actions, until the occupation of Huntsville liy Buell’s army. 
 In July, 1862, he was ordered to Ohio on recruiting service, 
 and W'as very successful. In September he returned with 
 his full quota of recruits and w'as assigned to duty on the 
 staff of General C. C. Gilbert, then in command of the centre 
 corps of the Army of the Ohio. After the battle of Perry- 
 ville he was transferred to the staff of Major-General Mc- 
 Cook as Chief of Artillery until November 24th, 1862, when 
 General Rosecrans appointed him Chief of Artillery of the 
 Army of the Cumberland. His great services in the battles 
 of Stone River, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge and the many 
 other battles of the Cumberland, W'ere so important as to be 
 specially mentioned with strong commendation by General 
 Rosecrans. I.ater, when General Thomas w'as in command, 
 his valuable services were appreciated by that model of a 
 General. When the operations around Chattanooga closed 
 he W’as placed in command of the artillery requiring reor- 
 ganization and remounting. Two divisions of six batteries 
 each were formed — one composed of batteries in the regular 
 United States service and the other of volunteer batteries, 
 principally those of the 1st Ohio Artillery Regiment. These 
 were camped near Nashville, drilled, reorganized and 
 equipped, and held in readiness for the field. On the 20th 
 of October, 1864, the need for his services having ceased, 
 he W'as mustered out of the service. But before he had re- 
 tired from Nashville the battle of that place w'as fought, and 
 he rendered valuable aid in the engagement, though acting 
 in an independent capacity. Later he w’as made Brigadier- 
 

 V .'4. 
 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 1 ^.. 
 
 \ 
 

BlOGRAl’lllCAL E.\CVCL01AED1A. 
 
 529 
 
 General by brevet, in consideration of his distinguished ser- 
 vices. On his return home he resumed business in the firm 
 of which he had continued a member throughout the war. 
 In 1874 Governor Allen appointed him one of the three 
 trustees for the management of the Northern Ohio Hospital 
 for the Insane. He has been a member of the Republican 
 party since its organization, and is highly esteemed by people 
 of all parties and creeds for his honor in all matters of busi- 
 ness, his patriotism and his courteous manners towards all 
 with whom he has dealings. 
 
 f 
 
 l|OODS, HON. JOHN, Lawyer and Member of 
 Congress, son of Alexander and Mary (Robinson) 
 Woods, was born in Dauphin county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, October l8th, 1794. His father was a 
 native of county Tyrone, Ireland, and came to 
 America in 1 790, settling in Pennsylvania, where, 
 in 1 793, he married. A few years later he emigrated to Ken- 
 tucky, and thence in 1797 to Warren county, Ohio, where he 
 raised a family of eight children. John, the oldest, received 
 such slender advantages of schooling as the country afforded, 
 and since he seems to have been at least a good English 
 scholar, it is probable he received much of his instructions 
 from his father. He served in the last months of the war 
 of 1812, after which he taught school for a couple of years, 
 meanwhile pursuing the study of law under the direction of 
 the Hon. John McLean, then member of Congress, and 
 afterwards one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the 
 United States. In 1819 he was admitted to the bar and be- 
 gan practice in Butler county. Possessing energy and talent, 
 he soon distinguished himself in his profession, and in 1824 
 was elected to Congress, and re-elected in 1826. \Yhile 
 there he established a creditable reputation, and obtained 
 appropriations of land from the general government to aid 
 improvements in his section ; this brought him popularity at 
 home, but taking strong grounds against the election of 
 Jackson in 1828, he was defeated for another term, and for 
 the following seventeen years gave his attention to the routine 
 of private affairs. He established, and for seven years edited, 
 the Haniilton Intelligencer', which afterwards passed into the 
 management of L. I). Campbell. Besides the pursuit of 
 his profession he engaged in numerous financial enterprises, 
 and was President of the old Bank of Hamilton. He pro- 
 jected and, in connection with a few other enteqirising men, 
 built tbe Hamilton Hydraulic, a thing that, utilizing the 
 water-power of the Miami river, has been of incalculable 
 advantage to the town. In 1845 he was elected Auditor of 
 State for Ohio, and served till 1851, revising the accounts 
 of State and directing its financial policy. In this cajiacity 
 he is said to have displayed abilities of the highest order, 
 and to have rescued the State from impending bankruptcy 
 or repudiation. After retiring from office he became Presi- 
 dent of the Hamilton & Eaton Railroad, and afterwards of 
 
 67 
 
 the Hamilton & Indianapolis Junction road, in which office 
 he remained till death, on July 30th, 1855. 
 
 -'/iry OLLAND, JOHN, Gold-Pen Manufacturer, was 
 born, August 25th, 1838, in the parish of Kil- 
 crohane, in the county of Cork, Ireland, and is a 
 son of the late Patrick Holland. His parents 
 G emigrated to America in 1848, and settled in Cin- 
 
 cinnati, where his father followed the business of 
 a stone-mason until his death, which occurred in 1854. 
 John received his early education in St. Xavier’s Parochial 
 School ; he also attended a night-school for about five years, 
 during which time he studied the classics with a view of 
 adopting a profession, but on the death of his father, finding 
 the charge of his mother and the younger children devolved 
 on him, he concluded to finish learning the trade to which 
 his father had indentured him, that of gold-pen manufactur- 
 ing ill the establishment of Ggorge \V. Shejipard, so favor- 
 ably known to the trade. He served the specified four 
 years’ apprenticeship, and at the expiration of this term re- 
 ceived the position of foreman of the factory, wdiich he held 
 for tw'o years. He then purchased a one-third interest in 
 the business, which he retained until iS62,tind then bought 
 the other two-thirds, since which time he nas conducted the 
 establishment in his owm name. M’hen he first took charge 
 of the factory the products were comparatively small, being 
 but about $Sooo per annum and giving employment to five 
 hands. In 1866 he added to the business the manufacture 
 of gold and silver pencils, fine ebony and ivory pen-holders 
 and gold tooth-picks. The business now amounts to over 
 $100,000 yearly, and forty persons are constantly employed 
 in the works. His store and factory, which is six stories 
 high, is entirely occupied by the business, with the exception 
 of the second floor, which is rented for offices. His ma- 
 chinery is all propelled by steam-pow'er, the rolling-mill 
 alone weigbing over two tons. A thorough mechanic of an 
 j inventive genius, he has taken out ten patents for pen and 
 I pencil-cases, also one for alloying gold for pens. The nia- 
 j terial employed in the manufacture of the various articles 
 j are gold and silver bullion, and he imports his ebony direct 
 from Africa, and the ivory from the same country, and also 
 from the East Indies. His products find a ready market in 
 the United States and Europe, as also as far cast as China 
 and Japan. Eor the past five years he has received the 
 contract for supplying the Treasury Department at Wash- 
 ington, and has been awarded medals at several fairs and 
 exposition.s, including that at Vienna, in 1873. The es- 
 tablishment is the largest in the country west of New' York 
 city, and there is but one even in that city which produces 
 as large and varied a stock. Since he commenced business 
 he has only been idle one month, during the time of Kirby 
 .Smith’s raid through Kentucky and Ohio, he being at that 
 
530 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL EAXVCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 time Captain of a company in the nth Ohio Reserves, 
 which was called into the service for thirty days. He is 
 the owner not only of the valuable property No. 19 West 
 h’ourth street, where his factory is located, but also of the 
 fine edifice where he resides, besides other properties in 
 various parts of the city, amounting in value to over 
 $100,000, being his accumulations during the fourteen years 
 of his business career. His unusual success in his avoca- 
 tion may he attributed in part to the fact that his goods are 
 ever found to be of the most superior quality, and always as 
 represented. He was one of the incorporators of the 
 Miami Valley .Savings Bank, and of which he has been 
 Vice-President since its organization. He was married, 
 July 7th, 1870, to Kate, daughter of James Ohlen, the well- 
 known saw manufacturer, and is the father of three chil- 
 dren, all living. 
 
 YASK, LEON.VRD, Landowner, was horn in West- 
 moreland county, Pennsylvania, July 29th, 1786, 
 and died, December 7lh, 1864, in Cleveland, 
 Ohio. He w’as the son of Meschach Case, a 
 farmer of the place of Leonard’s nativity. This 
 family in 1788 removed to Washington county, 
 and in 1800 made another removal to Warren, Trumbull 
 county, Ohio. While in Washington county he attended 
 school in winter and worked on the farm in summer, but 
 when they reached their Ohio farm his entire time was 
 t.rken up with labors on the farm, as his father was in ill 
 health and he w'as the eldest of the children. In 1801 his 
 lower limbs became inflamed so as to confine him to the 
 bed for one and a half years, and then he arose a cripple, 
 without hope of recovery. During this illness he had for- 
 gotten nearly all that he had learned at school, and his first 
 object was to regain the lost treasure, and to add to it if 
 possible. But his family were very poor, and he could only 
 obtain an old arithmetic from Pittsburgh, and a fragment 
 of a book on surveying. He studied these diligently for 
 three years, at the same time earning his living by bottom- 
 ing chairs, making sieves, etc. In March, 1806, he obtained 
 a place to write in the office of the Clerk of Common Pleas. 
 He soon mastered the statutes of Ohio so as to be able to 
 make prompt reference to any information required. The 
 following spring he obtained some work in the land agency 
 office of General Simon Perkins. August 21st, 1807, he was 
 appointed Clerk of the .Supreme Court in Trumbull county, 
 and was reappointed to that position in 1814, and in 1816 
 he resigned the clerkship. Very soon after his first appoint- 
 ment, in 1807, he was also appointed Deputy Collector of 
 non-resident ta.xes for the Sixth District of Ohio. He per- 
 formed the duties with promptness and accuracy. In that 
 same winter he made a list of the owners and of lands 
 drawn in the drafts of the Connecticut Land Company, 
 which proved subsequently to be of great value in tracing 
 the records of property. He also found some employment 
 
 in the Recorder’s office, but all of his leisure time was de- 
 voted to reading law, so that he was admitted to practise in 
 the State courts in 1814. In August, 1S09, he was elected 
 Justice of the Peace, and was re-elected in 1812, and again 
 in 1815. P'rom 1812 to 1816 he also held the position of 
 Collector of the Sixth District, receiving his appointment 
 annually from the Legislature. The responsibility and 
 labors increased rapidly so that the last year he filled the 
 office his collections were more than fifty-eight thousand 
 dollars, and his compensation but four hundred and fifty 
 dollars and travelling expenses. In 1816 he removed to 
 Cleveland to take the position of Cashier of the new Com- 
 mercial Bank of Lake Erie. In a few years the bank failid 
 and he resumed the practice of law in Cuyahoga and other 
 counties, and continued in his professional duties until 1833, 
 when his physical infinnity compelled him to relinquish 
 active practice, which for thirteen years had been in the 
 United .States as well as .State courts. In 1S20 he was ap- 
 pointed Auditor of Cuyahoga county, and while in that 
 position he made a new list of lands and also acted as Clerk 
 of the County Commissioners. The following year he was 
 reappointed, and two years thereafter was elected to the 
 same position. When he entered the office the county was 
 fifteen hundred dollars in debt; four years later when he left 
 it all the debts were paid and there were two thousand 
 dollars in the treasury; his compensation for the entire time 
 was six hundred and fifty dollars. In 1824 he was elected 
 to the Legislature, and while a member of that body aided 
 in the location of the Ohio canal, and in devising a new 
 system of taxation. His constituents returned him to the 
 Legislature for the next two years. March 20th, 1832, the 
 Commercial Bank of Lake Erie was resuscitated. He 
 settled the accounts of the old corporation and was made 
 President of the new organization. Some time prior to this 
 he had been appointed agent of the State of Connecticut to 
 take charge of the lands and debts belonging to its school 
 fund. It proved a long and most difficult task, requiring 
 more than thirty years. He sold land in more thati four 
 hundred contracts, had long and tangled mortgage demands 
 to settle with purchasers of the mortgaged lands, and col- 
 lected and paid over about five hundred thousand dollars in 
 money without having more than one lawsuit growing out 
 of the contracts. The final settlement was made with the 
 land company’s commissioners in November, 1855, without 
 the changing or questioning of a single figure. From 1S21 
 to 1825 he was President of the village of Cleveland. He 
 w.as ever interested in beautifying the city, and suggested 
 and greatly aided in carrying forward the work of ornament- 
 ing the streets with shade trees, so that it is now widely 
 known as the Forest City. He headed the subscription list 
 with five thousand dollars to build the first railroad to 
 Cleveland, and was chosen one of the Directors of the com- 
 pany. He invested all the money he could obtain beyond 
 his immediate wants in lands within or near the city’s 
 limits, and thus laid the foundation for great wealth. His 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOPyEDIA. 
 
 land purchases were made so that a debt could not stand, at 
 the furthest, more than two years, and was so managed as 
 to be paid without the sale of property. Generous and just 
 in all of his dealings, he was never guilty of an act o( un- 
 kindness or oppression. He died in the seventy-ninth year 
 of his age. He had two sons, Wdliam and Leonard. The 
 former was born in Cleveland in i8l8, and died in the same 
 city on April 19th, 1862, and will long be remembered for 
 the goodness and usefulness of his pure life. When quite 
 young he was elected to represent the Second ward in the 
 City Council. He was so useful that he was re-elected and 
 continued a member until 1S50, when by a large majority he 
 was elected Mayor, and in the following year was re-elected 
 by a still larger majority. In 1852 he was nominated for 
 Congress by the Whigs, but was defeated by a small 
 m.ajority; the anti-slavery element was successful in elect- 
 ing the Pree-.Soil candidate. After that event he took no 
 active part in politics. In 1853 he was elected President 
 of the Cleveland, Painesville & Ashtabula Railroad Com- 
 pany, and contined to preside over the affairs of the road 
 until 1858. During these years the road proved to be most 
 juofitable and prosperous, and was considered one of the 
 liest managed roads in the country. He advocated and 
 aided in the construction of the water-works in Cleveland. 
 When the Sinking P’und Commission was established by 
 legislative enactment, he was appointed one of the Com- 
 missioners, and retained that position until his death. The 
 Case Block at the time it was built was by far the largest 
 and finest in the city; he projected it and nearly completed 
 it before his death. He was a man of a fine literary educa- 
 tion, warm-hearted, and beloved by all within the circle of 
 his acquaintance. Leonard, the second and only surviving 
 son, was born in Cleveland in 1820, and graduated from 
 Yale College in 1842. On the death of his brother William 
 he was chosen to fill the vacancy thus created in the Sinking 
 P'und Commission, which position he still retains. The 
 construction of the Case Block, unfinished at the death of 
 his brother, was completed under his management, and at a 
 subsequent date the larger Case building was erected by 
 him. At the death of his father he became sole proprietor 
 of the estates in the city and suburbs of Cleveland, and their 
 management requires his close attention. He has ever 
 avoided publicity. 
 
 lURKHALTER, SOLOMOX, Retired Merchant, 
 was born, March 15th, i8ii,in Lehigh county, 
 Pennsylvania. He was the fourth of eleven chil- 
 dren, the issue of Peter Burkhalter and Catharine 
 Berry, both natives of Pennsylvania, their ances- 
 tors being among the original settlers of that 
 State. Peter Burkhalter was a farmer, and died in Tippe- 
 canoe county, Indiana, where his wife also passed away. 
 Solomon’s early education was of the limited character 
 received at the country schools during his boyhood. In 
 
 S3I 
 
 1824 he accompanied his parents from Pennsylvania to 
 Butler county, Ohio. At the age of seventeen year's he was 
 apprenticed to the trade of wagon and plow making, at 
 Reading, Ohio, where he has since made his home. After 
 a four years’ apprenticeship he took a course of advanced 
 studies at Dayton, and for the next seven year's carried on 
 business for himself. The following five years he devoted 
 to farirring and brickrrrakirrg. This latter business he con- 
 ducted in connection with contracting for the construction 
 of churches and other buildings, for twenty-one years. 
 During this tiirre he served a terrrr of five years as Mayor 
 of Reading. P'or six years he has been Magistrate and 
 Notar-y Public for .Sycamore towrrship. Since 1856 he has 
 been President of the Cincinnati & Xenia Turnpike Com- 
 pany, which owns the finest turnpike road in the State. 
 For the last ten years Mr. Burkhalter has given his attention 
 exclusively to educational, social, and political affairs. In 
 politics he is a Republican ; in religion an Universalist. He 
 is a man of large experience, forcible character, generous 
 impulse and kindly disposition. He is one of the foremost 
 citizens of Reading, taking a deep and active interest in 
 whatever promises to promote the city’s welfare and pros- 
 perity. 
 
 ^HEIS, CIL\RLES, Hardware Merchant, was born, 
 July 15th, 1834, in the kingdom of Bavaria, Ger- 
 many, and is a son of Jacob and Charlotta (Jacki) 
 Theis. His father was a farmer, and also fol- 
 lowed the grocery business. He emigrated to the 
 United States with his family in 1847, locat- 
 ing at Plillsborough, Highland county, but the following 
 year removed to Higginsport, and now resides with his son 
 Charles at Georgetown. Charles received a good education 
 in his native country, and worked on a farm until his four- 
 teenth year, both at Hillsborough and Higginsport, and then 
 assisted his father as a clerk in his grocery store in the latter 
 town, remaining with him about two years. In 1851 he 
 went to Cincinnati, where he was employed in the same 
 capacity in a hat store for one year, returning to Hillsbor- 
 ough, where he started on his own account in that business. 
 He remained there a year and then removed again to Cin- 
 cinnati, where he embarked in a similar business on Central 
 avenue. He pursued his calling with assiduity for some 
 eight months, when he disposed of his stock, and became 
 an assistant in the American Restaurant of Cincinnati, where 
 he continued for three years. In 1858 he removed to 
 Georgetown, Brown county, where he embarked in the 
 grocery business, and conducted the same exclusively for 
 two years, and then added hardware to his stock, which 
 latter has expanded, together with the further addition of 
 agricultural implements, until he may Le properly termed a 
 hardware merchant, although he still continues keeping a 
 line of select groceries, and has greatly prospered in liis 
 career. In religious faith he is a I’rolestant. His political 
 
532 
 
 LIOGRArillCAI. ENCYCLOP.RDIA. 
 
 creed is that of the Democratic party, although he has 
 neither sought nor held any office of a political character. 
 Socially he is pleasant, affable and courteous, possesses a 
 lirm and determined demeanor, and is remarkably untiring, 
 energetic and industrious. Ilis reputation and standing as 
 a business man and public-spirited citizen is unquestionable, 
 lie takes great interest in the order of Odd Fellows, of 
 which fraternity he is a prominent member. He was mar- 
 ried in 1858 to Fanny, daughter of F. J. Kroetzer, formerly 
 of Bavaria, and is the father of eight children. 
 
 HEPHERD, WILFIAM WALLACE, M. D., was 
 born in Highland county, about eight miles south 
 of Plillsborough, Ohio, December i6th, 1837. He 
 was the second child in a family of six children 
 whose parents were William A. Shepherd and 
 Frances A. (Rogers) Shepherd. His father, a 
 native of Philadelphia, followed through life the profession 
 of medicine. At an early day he moved to Ohio with his 
 father’s family, and settled in Highland county. There, and 
 in the adjoining county of Clinton, he was engaged in pro- 
 fessional labors until his demise in May, 1871. His mother, 
 a native of Frederic county, Virginia, was the daughter of 
 William Rogers, an early pioneer and settler of Highland 
 county, Ohio. His preliminary education was liberal, and 
 received in the common and high schools of his native 
 county. In 1S52 he began the reading of medicine in 
 Highland county, under the tuition of his father, and 
 remained with him as a .student, engaged in zealous study, 
 until the year 1855, when he removed to Cincinnati and 
 completed his medical education under the supervision of 
 Dr. E. H. Johnson, now deceased, at that time a prominent 
 physician practising at 139 West Sixth street. He then 
 attended medical lectures, and in 1857 graduated with 
 honor from the Medical College of Ohio. He then, during 
 several mouths, practised his profession in conjunction with 
 his father, and subsequently for one year, at Cenlrefield, 
 Highland county. On his return to .Samantha, in the same 
 county, he practised in association with his parent until the 
 fall of 1861, the date of the latter’s removal to New Vienna, 
 Clinton county, Ohio. In the fall of 1S63, having been 
 occupied up to this period in Samantha, he est.iblished his 
 office in Hillsborough, Highland county, where he has 
 since resided. He devotes a great deal of attention to sur- 
 gery, and has repeatedly and successfully performed the 
 most important capital operations. He is incessantly occu- 
 pied in attending to the calls and duties connected with an 
 extensive business, and is to-day one of the leading practi- 
 tioners of the place. He is a member of the Ohio State 
 Medical .Society, and for a number of years has officiated as 
 Secretary of the Highland County Medical Society. His 
 various contributions to the current medical literature .are 
 characterized by .ability and studious research, while his 
 
 general as well as his professional attainments are of an 
 enviable extent^ and variety. Although a supporter of the 
 Democratic party, he has uniformly refrained from taking 
 any active part in the partisan movements of the day, and 
 has neither sought nor accepted any office of a political 
 nature. His religious views are not circumscribed by the 
 doctrines of any particular church. He was married, March 
 26th, 1863, to Mary F. Harding, of Ripley, Ohio. 
 
 NDERWOOD, REV. JOHNSON P., Clergyman, 
 was born, September 2Sth, 1824, at Mount Pleas- 
 ant, Jefferson county, Ohio, of American parent- 
 age, his father being a native of Virginia, while 
 his mother was a Pennsylvanian by birth. He 
 received but a limited education in his native 
 place, and after leaving school commenced to earn his live- 
 lihood on a farm, devoting his evening and other leisure 
 hours to study. He is indebted to the Friends for his early 
 training, and for the assistance they rendered him in quali- 
 fying himself to become a minister of the gospel. He is 
 now a clergyman of the African Methodist Episcopal 
 Church and also Secretary of the conference, to which he 
 was elected, in Detroit, August 2Sth, 1858. He had charge 
 of the Wylie Street African Methodist Episcopal Church of 
 Pittsburgh in 1865, in which year also he held a great 
 revival meeting, during which the membership was greatly 
 increased. He was subsequently assigned to the pastorship 
 of the church in Xenia, where he met with the same success 
 in building up the congregation over which he was appointed 
 to minister, not only spiritually, but literally, as the new 
 edifice erected during his incumbency was far superior to 
 the original structure, and its worth is estimated at twelve 
 thousand dollars. He also was pastor at one time of the 
 congregation in Columbus, and the church building there 
 was planned and designed by him. At present he is pastor 
 of the African Methodist Episcopal Church in Cleveland. 
 In political belief he is a sterling Republican, lending all 
 his influence to the success of that party. He was married, 
 1850, to Henrietta M. Clanton, of Virginia. 
 
 EWIS, BUSHROD HAMILTON, Lawyer, was 
 born, August 1st, 1839, in the town of Jefferson, 
 Madison county, Ohio, and is a son of George W. 
 I.ewis, a farmer, and grandson of Philip Lewis, 
 one of the early settlers of the county, who 
 assisted to lay out the towm, and who represented 
 the district in both houses of the General Assembly of the 
 State. He first attended school in West Jefferson, and sub- 
 sequently became a student in the London High School, 
 where he remained until he attained the age of eighteen 
 years. He then passed a year as clerk in a warehouse in 
 
GoXqj^ Afe. Co. PivXo^‘^ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 533 
 
 London, and afterwards taught school for three terms of 
 four months each. During the late civil war he enlisted in 
 the 95th Ohio Volunteer Infantrv', August 14th, 1862, and 
 was an Orderly Sergeant, and afterwards Sergeant-Major 
 of the regiment. He served in that command for the full 
 term of three years, being honorably mustered out in Au- 
 gust, 1865. In the autumn of the same year he was elected 
 Sheriff of Madison county, and re-elected in October, 1867, 
 serving four years in that office. During this time he was 
 also Deputy United States Marshal, for Madison county, 
 under A. Heickenlooker, Marshal of the Southern District 
 of Ohio. After his term of service in the sheriffalty had 
 terminated, he commenced the study of law, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar. May 12th, 1872. He ojiened an office in 
 London, and practises his profession in Madison and ad- 
 joining counties. He was elected in April, 1875, the City 
 Solicitor of London for a term of two years. His progress 
 so far in life is entirely due to his own energy and perse- 
 verance, combined with unremitting patience and industry, 
 never having received assistance from any quarter whatever. 
 He was married, October 14th, 1875, Nannie, daughter 
 of Dunkin, of London, and granddaughter of Simon Kent, 
 of Madison county, Ohio. 
 
 HERMAN, JOHN, United .States Senator, like so 
 many other of the representative men of Ohio, 
 comes of sterling old New England stock. He is 
 descended from one of the three Shermans who, 
 in 1634, emigrated from Essex, England, and 
 settled in the new colony of Massachusetts Bay. 
 One of these three founded the Connecticut branch of the 
 family., and one of his great-grandsons, who had become a 
 judge in one of the Connecticut courts, died in 1815, leav- 
 ing a son, Charles Robert .Sherman. This son was himself 
 a thoroughly accomplished lawyer, and thinking that the 
 West offered better opportunities than the East for success 
 in his profession, he emigrated to Ohio, and there rapidly 
 acquired an exten.sive practice, and in 1823 became one of 
 the judges of the Supreme Court. In 1829 he died very 
 suddenly of cholera, leaving his family in destitute circum- 
 stances. He had married young, and at the time of his 
 death his family consisted of eleven children. One of these 
 children was John Sherman, now a member of the United 
 States Sen.ite, and another was William Tecumseh Sherman, 
 General of the United .States Army. John, the eighth child 
 of the family, was born in Lancaster, Ohio, on May loth, 
 1823. The poverty in which his father’s death left the 
 family did not prevent his being sent steadily to school at 
 Lancaster and Mount Vernon, up to the time when he was 
 fourteen years of age. Then he left school and was sent to 
 the Muskingum Improvement to become a civil engineer 
 and earn his own livelihood. There he was placed under 
 the care of Colonel Samuel R. Curtis, the resident engineer 
 of the work, and with him he remained two years. These 
 
 trvo years were very valuable to him, for he not only learned 
 much of the profession that had been chosen for him, but he 
 familiarized himself with the forms and methods of busi- 
 ness, and acquired habits of • self-reliance and industry 
 which have been invaluable to him in his subsequent 
 career. In 1838 the Democratic party came into power. 
 Colonel Curtis w’as removed from his position, and John 
 Sherman was without employment. His brother, Charles 
 T. Sherman, since United States District Judge in Ohio, was 
 then a practising lawyer in Mansfield, and with this brother 
 the displaced youth commenced the study of law. He 
 studied assiduously in this new direction, and made ra]iid 
 progress, and by the time his majority was attained he was 
 qualified to enter upon the legal profession. The day after 
 he was twenty-one years old he obtained a license to prac- 
 tise, and immediately entered into partnership with his bro- 
 ther. He entered at once upon an extensive practice, and 
 rapidly achieved a reputation as an honest, laborious, thor- 
 oughly able and remarkably successful lawyer. His part- 
 nership with his brother continued eleven years, and was a 
 most prosperous one. His -activity in his profession did not 
 prevent his being equally active in the field of politics, in 
 which he took an earnest and profound interest. He was 
 an ardent Whig, and the district in which he lived was 
 strongly Pemocratic, so he had no hope of obtaining office, 
 but without that incentive to move him, he worked indus- 
 triously and effectively in behalf of his party. In 1848 and 
 again in 1852 he was sent as a delegate to the Whig Na- 
 tional Convention, and in the latter year was chosen a 
 Presidential Elector. In 1854, when the Nebraska issue 
 came up, he labored earnestly in opposition to the further 
 extension of slavery, and to build up the political organiza- 
 tion which soon developed into the Republican party'. 
 He accepted a nomination for Representative in Congress 
 from the Thirteenth Ohio District, and was surprised to find 
 himself elected. He entered the House of Representatives 
 of the Thirty-fourth Congress, and there commenced the 
 career which is so widely and familiarly known throughout 
 the country as to hardly need recapitulation. He jiroved 
 himself to be sjiecially fitted for the duties of the position in 
 which he had been placed. He was laborious in investiga- 
 tion, patient in dealing with details, cautious and accurate 
 in drawing conclusions, conciliatory in disposition, yet full 
 of the “ courage of his opinions,” and fluent and able in de« 
 bate. In the first session of the Thirty-fourth Congress he 
 was a member of the Kansas Investigating Committee, and 
 it was he who prepared the memorable report presented by 
 the committee to the House and to the country. At the 
 close of the session the Republican members of the House, 
 through his influence, adopted the amendment to the army 
 bill, denying the validity of the slavery-extending laws of 
 Congress, and he wrote an address to the people of the 
 country, elaborating the principle contained in that declara- 
 tion. Mr. Seward and other senators dissented from it, 
 and the doctrine was not promulgated. He took an active 
 
534 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 part in the contest over the Lecompton Constitution and the 
 Ihiglish Bill in the Thirty-fifth Congress, and made many 
 speeches full of power and force. He served as Chairman 
 of the Naval Investigating' Committee, which exposed the 
 complicity of Buchanan and Toucey in the actions of the 
 propagandists of slavery ; and he made a speech upon the 
 public expenditure, which was widely circulated as a cam- 
 paign document. The contest for Speaker whidi marked 
 the opening of the Thirty-sixth Congress was a most mem- 
 orable one. He was the candidate of the Republicans, and 
 his election was violently opposed by the Southern members 
 because he had signed a recommendation of Hinton Rowan 
 Helper’s book, “ The Impending Crisis.” Through a long 
 series of ballots he lacked but one or two votes of election ; 
 but at last, in order to end the “ dead-lock ” and secure an 
 organization, his name was withdrawn. He was at once 
 made Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means, and j 
 so became the leader of the House. As chairman of this j 
 committee he distinguished himself by putting through the ; 
 House the Morrill Tariff. In February, i86i, in rej ly to 
 Mr. Pendleton, he made an important speech, displaying a 
 clear and statesmanlike perce])tion as to the result of the con- j 
 flict that was then being precipitated upon the country, and ' 
 predicting the destruction of slavery as one of the results of | 
 that conflict. He was elected to the House again for the 
 Thirty-seventh Congress, but when Mr. Chase resigned his ! 
 position as United States Senator, he was elected by the 
 Legislature of Ohio to fill the vacancy thus caused in the 
 Senate, and he has ever since continued to occupy a seat in 
 that body. He was placed upon the Committee of Finance, 
 the most important of all the Senate committees, and intro- 
 duced the National Bank Bill, of which measure, as well as 
 of the Legal Tender Acts, he had charge on the floor and 
 in the debates. His labors were principally confined to 
 finance and taxation, maintaining credit and providing 
 money to carry on the war. In January, 1863, he made a 
 speech against the continuance of the State banking system, 
 and one in favor of the national banks, both of which were 
 greatly effective. In the Thirty-ninth Congress he intro- 
 duced a bill for funding the public indebtedness, but the bill 
 was mutilated in the Senate and defeated in the House. 
 In the second session of the same Congress he jiroposed a 
 substitute for the Reconstruction Bill, which finally became 
 a law. In the Fortieth Congress he was again Chairman of 
 the Senate Finance Committee, and in the second session he 
 reported a new bill for funding the national debt and con- 
 verting the notes of the United States, and supported the 
 bill in a speech of remarkable power. Fventually the re- 
 funding act — known as the law of 1870— under which the 
 six per cent, bonds are being retired, was passed. Since 
 1855 he has devoted his attention principally to the solution 
 of the financial problems presented by the condition of the 
 nation, and the series of measures he has introduced have 
 alt been designed to strengthen the public credit and to 
 place the national finances on a permanently sound basis. 
 
 One of the most important of these, preparing for the re- 
 sumption of specie payments in 1879, been a prominent 
 topic of discussion during the present (1876) session of 
 Congress. 
 
 ^ANS FIELD, HON. JARED, Surveyor and 
 Teacher, was born in New Haven, Connecticut, 
 about the year 1759. He was graduated at Yale 
 in 1777, and afterwards taught school in his na- 
 tive city and Thiladelphia. His scholarly attain- 
 ments becoming known to Thomas Jeft'erson, he 
 was appointed Professor of Natural Philosophy at West 
 Point. About this time the publication of his “ Mathe- 
 matical and Physical Essays” brought him considerable 
 reputation, and he took a prominent place among the scien- 
 tific men of the nation. About the time the State of Ohio 
 was created. President Jefferson appointed him Surveyor- 
 General of the Northwestern Territories, to succeed General 
 Rufus Putnam. He introduced many improvements in the 
 mode of effecting surveys by rectangular co-ordinates, which 
 subsequently received the sanction of law. He afterwards 
 resumed his position at West Point, where he remained 
 until a few years previous to his death, when he retired to 
 Cincinnati. He died while on a visit to his native city, 
 February 3d, 1830. He was a man of extraordinary mathe- 
 matical genius and varied abilities. Flis character wa-s 
 pure and his disposition generous and sincere. Dr. 
 Daniel Drake, of Cincinnati, was his son-in-law. IMans- 
 field, the county-seat of Richland, laid out in 1808, was 
 named in honor of him. 
 
 INSLEY, THOMAS RICHARD, Architect, was 
 born, August 23d, 1849, in Clonmel, county of 
 Tipperary, Ireland, and is the sixth son of Wil- 
 liam Tinsley, architect (whose biographical sketch 
 appears elsewhere in this volume). He was two 
 years old when his parents removed to the United 
 States. Owing to a peculiar impediment he could not 
 speak until he was ten years old, and consequently at that 
 time had not mastered the alphabet. The impediment, 
 however, totally disappeared. His early education was ob- 
 tained in the common schools of Indianapolis and Cincin- 
 nati, and in 1862 he went to the Ohio W’esleyan University, 
 at Delaware, where he passed but a single year, as his 
 health had become impaired. His educational attainments 
 are self-acquired, he being a home student. He subse- 
 quently passed some years in his father’s office, qualifying 
 himself for his future professional career. In the spring of 
 1870 he was appointed .Superintendent of Construction of 
 the Ohio State Blind Asylum, at Columbus. While still 
 holding that position, he was, early in 1871, appointed Su- 
 perintendent of the great Public Fountain, Cincinnati. In 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 S 3 S 
 
 1S72 he was taken into partnership with his father; this 
 was shortly afterwards dissolved, and, resigning his position 
 at the Blind Asylum, he went to Chicago in August of that 
 year, and was immediately appointed General Superintendent 
 of the McCormick Reaper Works, the largest of its kind in 
 existence. This building was finished in December, 1872. 
 Having contracted a severe cold, he entertained ideas of 
 relinquishing his profession and entering some other; hut 
 upon the urgent request of the authorities connected with 
 the Blind Asylum, he returned to Columbus in June, 1873, 
 and w.as appointed Assistant Architect and Superintendent, 
 being given full charge of the building and its finances. 
 During this year, he also had charge of the Ohio St.ate 
 Library enlargements, etc. He was appointed, April 13th, 
 1S74, Chief .-Vrchitect of the Central Ohio Lunatic Asvlum. 
 This .appointment was indeed a success; for he was not yet 
 twenty-five years old, and withal a Republican, yet he was 
 choseii over more than twenty competitors, by a Demo- 
 cratic commission, and was confirmed by Governor Allen. 
 Moreover, this building was made a point of issue in the 
 campaign between the Republicans and Democrats. At 
 one of the subsequent great ratification meetings at the State 
 House, several of the Democratic speakers — one being 
 General S. F. Cary — paid him the compliment by saying 
 that “ his appointment was owing strictly to the ability, 
 economy, and enterprise, exhibited by him at the Blind 
 Asylum.’* The Lunatic .Asylum is an immense structure, 
 having a frontage of nearly 1200 feet, and in its construction 
 requiring Well nigh 45,000,000 bricks, is fire-proof, and will 
 cost, completed, about $2,250,000. At the time of Mullett’s 
 removal as Lnited .States Architect, Thomas’ name was 
 favorably tnentioned by the Ohio press in connection with 
 the office. He now has full control of his father’s business, 
 the latter having retired from active pursuits. Beside his 
 State office, he carries on his business in both Columbus 
 and Cincinnati. He now has charge of the new buildings 
 of the Institution for the Blind, the State House improve- 
 ments, besides other buildings. He was the designer and 
 author of the steam heating and ventilation plans of the 
 Lunatic Asylum, the cost of the apparatus being $100,000. 
 He is one of the incorporators and stockholders of the Ohio 
 Silver Mining and Smelting Company of Utah. He is yet 
 unmarried. 
 
 ^UI )I\ IN’S, \\ ILI.LAM, M. D., was born in Guilford 
 county. North Carolina, .September 1st, 1788, and 
 was consequently in his seventy-third year at the 
 time of his decease, on June 22d, 1861. In 1806 
 he emigrated to Ohio, and at the age of twenty- 
 two, in 1811, commenced the practice of medi- 
 cine in Jefferson county, in that State. After twenty-one 
 years of successful practice in that county, he removed to 
 Cincinnati in 1832, where he ever after resided and prac- 
 tised, with the exception of a few months’ residence in the 
 
 country. He was one of the oldest physicians in the profes- 
 sion, and few persons had lived longer, uninterruptedly, in 
 the city. As a physician and surgeon his standing and 
 reputation were exceptionally high. Few men in his pro- 
 fession, probably, possessed a clearer and more comprehen- 
 sive view of diseases, and arrived so readily at a conclusion 
 with a prompt and simple treatment. He continued his 
 professional readings to within a few months of his death, 
 and, unlike most old physicians who entered the profession 
 early in the century, he was able to advance with the tide of 
 scientific and medical progress. He was in his last years a 
 young old man, keeping fully abreast of his age. As early 
 as 1822 he performed some remarkable surgical operations, 
 accounts of which were published in the journals of the day. 
 On account of these he received the degree of M. D. from 
 Transylvania Medical College, at Lexington, Kentucky. 
 As medical journals sprang up over the AVest during his 
 long professional career, he became a frequent contiibutor 
 to their columns, and in every way tried to advance the 
 cause in which he spent nearly his whole life. He was a 
 member of the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine. He was 
 by birth a member of the .Society of Friends, and remained 
 during his life in that connection, conforming to its customs 
 in dress and language. His manners w'ere gentle, cour- 
 teous and pleasing, although his early education was defi- 
 cient. This deficiency he largely corrected during a long 
 life of careful reading and study, and came to stand de- 
 servedly high in his profession, and lived and died a Chris- 
 tian, universally esteemed. He left five children, two 
 daughters and three sons. His sons, David, Charles Tahncr 
 and William, are all practising physicians of Cincinnati. 
 
 ‘EVEREUX, JOHN HENRY, Civil Engineer 
 and Railroad President, was born in Boston, 
 Massachusetts, April 5th, 1832, and is the son of 
 Captain John Deveretix, of the merchant marine, 
 whose family was one of the first settlers of the 
 colony of Massachusetts Bay, in New Ifngland. 
 His ancestors were of the aristocracy of England, he being 
 of the twenty-sixth generation in England and of the seventh 
 in this country, in a direct line, from Robert de Ehroicis or 
 Robert D’Evreux, known' in history as one of the Norman 
 conquerors of England of 1066. The subject of this sketch 
 was educated in Portsmouth Academy, New I lampshire, 
 and removed to Ohio early in 1848, when but sixteen years 
 of age, and ns a civil engineer found employment on the 
 Cleveland, Cincinnati & Columbus Railroad. After that 
 road was completed he was engaged on the Cleveland, 
 Painesville & Ashtabula Railroad as Constructing Engineer. 
 From 1852 to 1861 he was engaged in Tennessee as civil 
 engineer, in constructing railroads. He intended to make 
 the South his permanent home, but the war drove him to 
 
536 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 the North, as he could not be a rebel. In the spring of 
 1862 he was appointed Superintendent of Military Railroads 
 in Virginia. This was the hardest office to fill in the entire 
 war department. There were no shops, no tools, cars out 
 of repair, and enemies constantly destroying the roadbeds, 
 officers of the army ever ready to find fault, spies and ped- 
 dlers filling all the trains, and other obstacles too numerous 
 to mention. Mr. Devereux at once drove every peddler, 
 spy and thief from his lines. His army of trained em- 
 ployes had the fullest confidence in his management, and 
 would at any time and at the greatest peril take a train 
 through on time. Major-General Meade said he had never 
 been “so magnificently” served in rations and forage. 
 Very soon his herculean labors were appreciated by Abra- 
 ham Lincoln and Pidwin M. Stanton, and no power of 
 “ shoulder-straps” could effect his removal. Stanton’s first 
 despatch to him at Alexandria, one spring night, not far 
 from midnight, was : “ How soon could transportation be 
 upon Maryland avenue, sent from Alexandria, for ten thou- 
 sand men ? ” Before the message was completed on paper, 
 he gave the reply in three words, “ Within sixty minutes.” 
 Mr. Stanton was surprised, and expressed his incredulity, 
 but again telegraphed, “ Send them on.” In an instant the 
 Secretary was surprised by another despatch, “ They are al- 
 ready on the way.” The headlight of the first engine was then 
 shining towards Long Bridge, and the entire convoy was 
 upon Maryland avenue within the designated “ sixty min- 
 utes.” In the spring of 1864 he resigned his position as 
 Superintendent of Military Railroads, and received the ap- 
 probation of all with whom he had had bilsiness relations. 
 On his return to Ohio he accepted the management of the 
 Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroad, and was its Vice-President 
 and General Superintendent for five years. In 1866 he was 
 made Vice-President of the Lake Shore Railroad Company, 
 and soon after was made its President. When all the lines 
 were consolidated between Buffalo and Chicago, under the 
 name of Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad Com- 
 pany, he was appointed General Manager, and had execu- 
 tive control of this great line, with its important branches 
 and leased connections. In June, 1873, he accepted the 
 position of President of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincin- 
 nati & Indianapolis Railroad Company, and in the same 
 year was elected President of the .\tlantic & Great Western 
 Railroad Company, holding both positions; and at the same 
 time was President of other railroad companies whose lines 
 formed part of the system of the larger companies under 
 his direction. When he accepted the presidency of the 
 Atlantic & Great Western Railroad, it was nearly bankrupt 
 though mismanagement. He endeavored to regain that 
 which had been lost, but was unable under its financial 
 management, and in the first of the year 1875 6e resigned 
 the positions of President and Director and was appointed 
 its Receiver. All parties were entirely satisfied with this 
 appointment, for they knew his were safe anrl honorable 
 hands. In the spring of 1875 he was again elected Presi- 
 
 dent of the Atlantic & Great Western Railroad Company, 
 and is actively engaged in the duties of his official positions. 
 He has never been a politician, but before the war made 
 speeches in Tennessee for the Union. Twice he has been 
 tendered a nomination to Congress, but declined. He is 
 an active member of the Episcopal Church. In i860 he was 
 elected Thrice Illustrious Grand Master of the Grand Ma- 
 sonic Council of Tennessee, which shows how high he 
 ranks in the Masonic order. In 1853 he married Antoinette 
 C. Kelsey, daughter of Hon. Lorenzo A. Kelsey, former 
 Mayor of Cleveland, and has four children. 
 
 UCKLAND, HON. RALPH POMEROV, Law- 
 yer, was born in Leydon, Massachusetts, Januaiy 
 I2th, 1812. He is the son of Ralph P. Buckland, 
 born at East Hartford, Connecticut, and Ann 
 Kent, born at Middletown, in that State. His 
 father went to Portage county, Ohio, in 1810, 
 as a surveyor. The senior Buckland was a soldier in the 
 war of 1S12, and surrendered at Detroit with IIull’s army. 
 The family moved to Portage county in the spring of 1813, 
 where the father soon died. The subject of this sketch at- 
 tended common and academic schools, and passed the 
 scholastic year of 1834-35 at Kenyon College, Ohio. Before 
 he had completed his education he went down the Missis- 
 sippi to Natchez, and from there to New Orleans, in charge 
 of a flatboat loaded with flour. He was for some time em- 
 ployed as a clerk in the cotton house of Harris, Wright & 
 Co. After leaving Kenyon College he began to read law 
 with Gregory Powers, Esq., at Middlebiiry, Ohio, finish- 
 ing his course in the office of Whittlesey & Newton, 
 at Canfield. In the spring of 1837 he was admitted to the 
 bar. On the ist of June, 1837, he opened a law office at 
 Lower Sandusky (now Eremont), where he soon acquired a 
 large practice. In January, 1838, he was married to Char- 
 lotte Boughton, of Canfield. Mr. Buckland took a deep 
 interest in political affairs, being a Delegate to the Whig 
 National Convention of 1848. In 1855, and again in 1857, 
 he was elected to the Senate of Ohio, in which position he 
 performed faithful service for bis constituents and his State. 
 He entered the army in January of 1862 as Colonel of the 
 72d Regiment of the Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was 
 commandant of Camp Chase in P’ebruary, 1862. He com- 
 manded a brigade in Sherman’s army at the battle of Shiloh, 
 in April of 1862, and in Grant’s Mississippi campaign, in 
 December of the same year, he led an expedition against 
 Forrest in West Tennessee, and commanded a brigade in the 
 campaign and siege of Vicksburg. For valiant service in 
 the field he was commissioned a Brigadier, and at the close 
 of the war was commissioned a Major-General. His gallant 
 bearing at the head of his brigade in the siege of Vicks- 
 burg attracted special attention. He commanded the dis- 
 trict of Memphis in 1864, and repulsed Forrest’s attack on 
 the city of Memphis. In this year he was elected to Con- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 537 
 
 giess, being re-elected in 1866. While in Congress he was 
 a member of the Committee on Banking and Currency. 
 In 1869 he was appointed by Governor Hayes a member 
 of the Board of Managers of the Ohio Soldiers’ and Sailors’ 
 Orphans’ Home. He served as President of the Board for 
 four years. Since the war General Buckland has resided 
 at his old home, Fremont, Sandusky county. In the winter 
 of 1875 he made the tour of the West Indies in the sailing 
 yacht “ Tarolinto,” as the guest of the owner, Henry A. 
 Kent, of New York, in company with Judge Ranney and 
 Dr. .Streeter, of Cleveland, sailing over 7000 miles and 
 touching at the islands of Barbadoes, Trinidad, Grenada, 
 Martinique, Santa Cruz, St. Thomas, Porto Rico, St. 
 Domingo, Jamaica and Cuba. 
 
 
 .\RUS, CARL, Professor of Music, was born, Oc- 
 tober I2th, 1823, in Schurgart, Silesia. 'He was 
 sent to school in Oppeln at the age of six years. 
 In 1833 he entered the Gymnasium and began 
 the study of music. In 1838 he went to Bireg, 
 to receive instructions on the organ under Pro- 
 fessor Forster, and in vocal music under Professor Fisher. 
 From 1841 to 1844 he studied thorough bass under Professor 
 Hesse, and received instructions on the piano-forte under 
 Professor Richter, at the Royal Seminary in Breslau. In 
 1844 he entered the Royal School of Architecture. He 
 was about to stand his examination for Royal Architect 
 when the revolution of 1848 disturbed the country and 
 obliged him to come to America, where he landed in May, 
 1849. He purchased a farm near Saginaw City, Michigan, 
 and devoted his leisure hours to training a singing society 
 of forty-five male voices. In 1851 Professor Bams con- 
 ceived the idea of organizing a concert troupe,. in connec- 
 tion with a friend, Mr. Dickmann. Professor Barus went 
 to Cincinnati and Mr. Dickmann to New York to secure 
 talent. The former found an engagement to keep him in 
 Cincinnati and the latter met with equal good fortune in 
 New York, and that put an end to the concert troupe 
 jiroject. Professor Barus’ first engagement in Cincinnati 
 was as Leader in the German Theatre. In 1852 he was 
 employed as Leader of the Germania Liedertafel and Di- 
 rector of the Turner .Singing Society. In 1856 he took the 
 I.eadership of the Philharmonic Society, composed of forty- 
 five skilled musicians who performed the symphonies of the 
 best composers. In 1858 he accepted the Leadership of 
 the Cincinnati Maennerchor, and played in concert and 
 opera besides. In the following year he became Director of 
 the new Orpheus Society, which at first performed in opera 
 and then devoted itself to classical concerts. He organized 
 the Harmonic Society, composed of Americans, in i860, 
 which under his leadership produced the most popular of 
 the oratorios. In addition to his other labors Professor 
 Barus led the singing festivals of all the societies in the 
 68 
 
 W'est, viz. : at Canton, in 1854; at Indianapolis, in 1858; 
 at Lafayette, in 1859; at Terre Haute, in i860; at Colum- 
 bus, in 1865 ; and again at Indianapolis, in 1867. He has 
 been organist in the Jewish Tenqile on Plum street, Cin- 
 cinnati, performing a like service in several Christian 
 churches in that city. Since 1858 he has been Professor 
 of Music in the Wesleyan College. 
 
 6 
 
 AMNITZ, JOSIAH UPTDEGRAFF, Engineer, 
 •was born, April 4th, 1815, at Wheeling, Virginia, 
 of German parentage. Early in life he went to 
 Gallipolis, where he received as fair an educa- 
 tion as could be obtained in the schools of that 
 place. He lived at home and was variously em- 
 ployed until 1834, when he started out to make his own 
 way in the world. Starting with a natural inclination for 
 mechanical pursuits, he had acquired considerable valuable 
 knowledge of machinery by close observation. He was 
 thus fitted to accept an opening which offered at Cincin- 
 nati, where he engaged as .Second Engineer of the steamer 
 “Potomac.” Without any apprenticeship or previous train- 
 ing he entered upon his new duties and discharged them 
 satisfactorily. For a period of four years Mr. Camnitz was 
 employed as Second Engineer on different steamboats. In 
 1838 he became Chief Engineer of the steamer “ Dayton.” 
 He ran on the Ohio continuously for several years, until he 
 became well known as a trustworthy engineer and had ac- 
 cumulated some means. There came a time when business 
 on the Ohio was slack, and Mr. Camnitz thought he saw a 
 good opening on the Miami canal. A few months demon- 
 strated his error, and he returned to the river, soon securing 
 a good situation as engineer. During his long career Mr. 
 Camnitz has boated on every navigable stream, except the 
 Kentucky, from Pittsburgh to the mouth of the Mississippi. 
 During the war he was Captain of the “ Peerless,” which 
 lay in Mobile bay on the day of President Lincoln’s assas- 
 sination. After the declaration of peace Captain Camnitz 
 returned to Pittsburgh and bought the “ Nynq.ih No. 2,” 
 with which he engaged in the Mobile trade. In an ex- 
 perience of forty years Captain Camnitz had not a single 
 accident by which human life was sacrificed or placed in 
 jeopardy. This was the result of care, sobriety and skill 
 in the days when the gauge-cock, safety-valve and old- 
 fashioned supply-pump had not yet given way to the im- 
 proved steamboat engines of modern construction. The 
 fame of this exjierienced engineer and boatman went up 
 and down the valleys of the Ohio and the Mississippi, and 
 in 1874 he was called to an easier life. The directors of 
 Long View Asylum, regarding him as well for his care as 
 his skill, appointed him Engineer at that institution. He 
 now holds that position, and is as active in the discharge 
 of his duty as when he first laid hold of a valve. In 1840 
 he married 11 . Jane Lytle, of Lebanon, Ohio. In 1863 he 
 
538 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 married his present wife, Mrs. Mary K. Sutherland, 
 daughter of Charles Oscar Tracy, a prominent lawyer 
 of Portsmouth, Ohio. 
 
 'ELLEBUSII, CLEMENS, Wholesale Jeweller, 
 was born, December l8th, 1832, in the village 
 of Boeringhausen, near Uamine, in the southern 
 part of the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, Ger- 
 many, and is a son of Hermann and Elizabeth 
 Helle.bush. His father, as well as his two elder 
 brothers, were school teachers, the former having followed 
 that calling for over half a century. From these he re- 
 ceived a good German education, and when fifteen years 
 old concluded to seek his fortunes in the United States, 
 whither his brother Frank had already preceded him, and 
 was at that time teaching a school in Cincinnati. On his 
 arrival in the latter city he joined his brother, with whom 
 he remained a year in the capacity of pupil and assistant 
 teacher; he also learned music, his brother being a cele- 
 brated composer, and for thirty years organist in the Church 
 of the Mother of God, in Covington, Kentucky. Clemens 
 was also educated with a view of becoming a teacher, but 
 he elected to enter into mercantile pursuits. When seven- 
 teen years old he entered the house of Messrs. Storch & 
 Co., Cincinnati, where he remained nine months, and then 
 obtained a situation as clerk in the dry-goods house of J. 
 L. Boutellier, the largest retail house on Fourth street. 
 He there occupied the responsible position of cashier, 
 handling large sums of money daily, the duties of which he 
 performed to the entire satisfaction of his employer. He 
 here acquired a knowledge of business which has been of 
 great advantage to him throughout his career; but the 
 wages he there received did not appear to him enough 
 compensation for the services he rendered, and at the end 
 of eighteen months he entered the jewelry house of Theo- 
 dore Oskamp, who had recently started in the wholesale 
 trade. In about four years after his employment com- 
 menced the proprietor died, leaving the business in the 
 
 hands of his brother, Clemens Oskamp, who gave to 
 Clemens Hellebush an interest in the business under a 
 contract which had five years to run; and, at the expiration 
 thereof, renewed the said contract for another term of five 
 years, and increased his interest to one-third of the profits. 
 At the expiration of the second term of five years of the 
 partnership, having now been fourteen years connected 
 with the house, he saw other fields in which he could 
 better his condition and build up a business of his own, and 
 which he thought, in the end, would be more profitable, 
 and certainly pleasanter. Accordingly, not only from his 
 own conviction, but acting on the advice of his friends, and 
 also upon the solicitations of the many customers which he 
 had made, he opened, in January, 1866, a wholesale jew- 
 elry house at the northeast corner of Pearl and Main 
 streets, where he yet remains and where his business has 
 
 steadily increased from year to year, until, for the past 
 three years, he has surpassed all others in the same line, 
 not only in the city, but west of the Alleghenies. It has 
 been a matter of surprise and astonishment to importers 
 and manufacturers in the East that his business has grown 
 to such enormous proportions. He employs no travelling 
 agents, but relies upon strict integrity and honorable deal- 
 ing as the best advertisement ; a customer once secured, 
 rarely ever leaves him. He has effected arrangements with 
 the manufacturers by which he monopolizes his own 
 specialties in articles of jewelry, silver and plated ware; so 
 that the same patterns cannot be found in any other house. 
 He also has special contracts for the celebrated Seth Thomas 
 clocks and the Longine watch. He is also constantly in 
 the receipt of large importations of French clocks and other 
 goods from Paris, and also from Pforzheim, the most ex- 
 tensive jewelry manufacturing place in Baden, Germany. 
 He employs a large number of first-class jewellers, who 
 manufacture to his own taste and design the greater portion 
 of his domestic goods, and who do work to order, such as 
 setting diamonds, also solid gold and silver work. During 
 the past year his sales amounted to ^325,000; and are in- 
 creasing at the rate of $25,000 per annum. His residence 
 is at Walnut Hills, one of the most beautiful suburbs of 
 Cincinnati, and is surrounded with large grounds, five acres, 
 elegantly laid out, the value of this property being over 
 $50,000. He is also the owner of other real estate in Cov- 
 ington, Kentucky, his former place of residence, which is 
 also worth over $50,000. He was prominent as one of the 
 Building Committee and also as Trustee in the erection of 
 the beautiful edifice on Sixth street, Covington, called the 
 Church of the Mother of God, which is built after the style 
 of St. Peter’s Church, Rome, and is one of the finest eccle- 
 siastical structures in the Western country ; and great credit 
 is due him for the assistance he rendered Rev. Father Fer- 
 dinand Kuehr, as well as the congregation, for the interest 
 he manifested in its erection. From the foregoing remarks 
 it will be seen that he is the architect of his own fortunes, 
 emphatically a self-made man ; and no one in the com- 
 munity is more respected and no business man stands 
 higher than himself. He was married in Cincinnati, May 
 8th, 1855, to Elizabeth Specker, and is the father of eleven 
 children, ten of whom are living. 
 
 •RKENBRECKER, ANDREW, Starch Manufac- 
 turer, of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born at Heilgers- 
 dorf, near Saxe-Coburg, Bavaria, July 4th, 1821. 
 He enjoyed the best educational advantages until 
 he emigrated to the United States with his father, 
 Henry Erkenbrecker, his mother and sister Mary. 
 They landed at New York, July l8th, 1836, and thence 
 ])roceeded westward ; after a journey of four months they 
 reached Cincinnati, and there settled on the farm of Major 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.'EDIA. 
 
 539 
 
 Daniel Gaw, near Carthage, the whole family being em- 
 ployed at twenty dollars per month. With the aid of Mrs. 
 Tiley and daughter, who resided at the farm, Andrew set 
 about the acquirement of a knowledge of the English lan- 
 guage ; and, having attained some proficiency, moved to 
 Cincinnati and entered the store of John Myers, a candy 
 manufacturer, on Main street. He subsequently served as 
 clerk in the old Mansion House, and afterward in the 
 grocery store of Charles Remelin, on Fifth street, opposite 
 the present site of the Fountain Boulevard. By rigid 
 economy he had saved from his earnings an amount suf- 
 ficient to enable him to embark in business on his own ac- 
 count in 1843. He took a small mill on Lock street, near 
 Fifth, where he commenced the manufacture of flour, feed 
 and pearl barley, to which he soon added starch ; in the 
 latter’ branch he only consumed about thirty bushels of 
 grain per day, the product being entirely consumed in the 
 home retail trade. As necessity required he increased the 
 capacity of his works, and finally, in 1851, erected a factory 
 at Morrow, on the Little Miami Railroad, capable of con- 
 suming one hundred bushels of grain per day. This quan- 
 tity was increased with the demand, having reached three 
 hundred bushels per day, when the building with all its 
 contents was destroyed by fire, April 13th, i860. He thus 
 lost the greater portion of the accumulations of years of in- 
 defatigable labor ; but, nothing daunted, he set about a 
 reparation of his loss. Purchasing the site of his present 
 works, upon which there then stood an old starch factory, 
 he resumed operations. He had given years of study and 
 patient labor to the perfection of his work, and in April, 
 1 865, commenced the erection of his present capacious fac- 
 tory, which is built upon- plans which have been the results 
 of diligent research, and upon the various features of which 
 he holds patents. It is four stories in height, with a front- 
 age of 201 feet on the Miami canal and an average depth 
 of 165 feet. It has a capacity for the production of about 
 22 tons of starch per day, which consumes about 20Cxd 
 bushels of corn. Of the internal arrangements, which are 
 most complete, the most noteworthy are the tanks of stone 
 and cement, which have entirely superseded all wooden 
 vessels as receptacles of the starch in a fluid state. All the 
 unloading is done by means of elevators patented by him. 
 In addition to the building above mentioned capacious 
 warehouses have been added, as required. A switch from 
 the railroad, together with the canal, affords abundant 
 facilities for transportation. The goods are shipped direct 
 to all parts of the world, without intermediate handling by 
 agents, an average of about fifteen thousand boxes being 
 shipped monthly to foreign countries. The factory took 
 the Medal of Progress, as the model factory of the world, at 
 the Vienna Exposition, in 1873; also the highest medal 
 for starch over one hundred and forty-nine competitors. 
 Though engrossed in business affairs, he has given time to 
 the furtherance of the public interests. He originated the 
 Cincinnati Acclimatization .Society, in 1871, which has 
 
 for its object the introduction to this country of all useful, 
 insect-eating European birds, as well as the best singers ; 
 and to see to it that the imported as well as the domestic 
 birds have a better protection against the attacks of heart- 
 less men and thoughtless boys ; that the shooting of useful 
 birds be prevented and the destruction of birds’ nests be 
 stopped, with all legal means at the disposal of the society. 
 Of this he has been President since its organization. In 
 1873 1’® organized the Zoological Society of Cincinnati, a 
 joint stock company, which has for its object the establish- 
 ment and maintenance of a zoological garden at Cincinnati, 
 and the study and dissemination of a knowledge of the 
 nature and habits of the creatures of the animal kingdom. 
 Of this society he is the Treasurer, and to both he has been 
 a liberal contributor in money and labor, being indefatigable 
 in his efforts to achieve for them the success they so richly 
 deserve. He was married in 1845 to the daughter of John 
 Myers, of Cincinnati, Ohio; she died in 1866, and he was 
 again married in 1871 to Matilda Cunningham, of Cincin- 
 nati, Ohio. 
 
 "CKERT, HON. THOMA.S F., Engineer, Legis- 
 lator and President of the Western Insurance 
 Company of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born near 
 Alexandria, Campbell county, Kentucky, July 
 I2th, 1809. His grandparents, George and 
 Susan Eckert, were natives of Berlin, Prussia, 
 where the former was a successful and opulent merchant. 
 Deeming the new vyorld better adapted to the raising of a 
 family, and to offer greater inducements to capitalists, he 
 loaded a brig at Hamburg with merchandise and 200,000 
 bricks, and with his brothers, Leonard and Jacob, and his 
 sister Susan, sailed for the United States. He landed at 
 Philadelphia, built a house of his bricks and engaged in 
 business as a merchant. After some years he removed to 
 Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where he erected the first brick 
 house, and in it Leonard, the father of Thomas F., was 
 born. When Leonard was twelve years of age his father 
 died, leaving a large estate. He and his sister Susan were 
 left to the care of their mother, who married again in a few 
 years', and one of the uncles was appointed guardian to the 
 children. Upon attaining their majority they found a large 
 part of their property squandered, and were obliged to ap- 
 peal to the courts for the possession of what remained. 
 After the accomplishment of this and the marriage of both 
 they left Lancaster to seek a home in the West. Leonard 
 married Mary, daughter of Colonel William Cheshire, the 
 revolutionaiy hero, who was killed by the fall of a tree 
 while on duty near Bunker Hill. She was first cousin to 
 Richard M. Johnson, Vice-President of the United .States 
 under Van Buren, who killed Tecumseh, and sustained the 
 .same relation to Daniel Boone, the distinguished Kentucky 
 pioneer, as well as to General Squire and Elijah Grove, 
 
540 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 distinguished officers of the war of 1812. She was the step- 
 daughter of John Nornavill, Washington’s patriotic drum- 
 major, who, though an Englishman by birth, warmly es- 
 poused the cause of the colonies, and finally died, after 
 years , of suffering, from wounds received at Bunker Hill, 
 having declined to receive any pension, saying, “ Gentle- 
 men, I did not fight for money; we have accomplished 
 what we fought for; I am well paid.” The party left Lan- 
 caster, June 2d, 17S9, and with a single wagon and four 
 pack-horses journeyed westward through an almost un- 
 broken forest. Arriving at Port Pitt (Pittsburgh), August 
 17th, thej^ sold their horses and wagon, and having pur- 
 chased and fitted up a family boat, which they named the 
 ” Little Mary,” started with a party of eight, comprising the 
 families of Leonard Eckert, Daniel Peck and Daniel Light, 
 down the Ohio, October 12th. They floated slowly down 
 the river, occasionally grounding, until they reached the 
 mouth of the Sun Fish, below Wheeling, October 28th ; 
 they were there attacked at sunset by a party of Indians in 
 eight canoes; the sav.ages were gallantly repulsed at the 
 first onslaught, with the loss of two of their number, but 
 soon returned to the attack, which they kept up until near 
 midnight, when they were finally driven off, the darkness 
 precluding a knowledge of their loss in the final repulse. 
 Other hostile Indians frequently gave chase, but were, by a 
 shot or two, put to flight. They landed at Marietta, whence, 
 after a few days’ rest, they proceeded to their destination, 
 “ Limestone Old Fort” (Maysville, Kentucky), where they 
 arrived on Christmas eve, and were warmly welcomed. 
 Leonard Eckert and Daniel Peck entered land back of 
 Maysville, and laid out the town of Washington, Fleming 
 county. After two years’ residence they sold this property. 
 Peck entering land farther back in the same county, where, 
 with his wife Susan, he raised a numerous family and lived 
 to a good old age; the latter reached the age of ninety. 
 Leonard Eckert removed to Fort Washington (Cincinnati). 
 After a time he purchased land in Campbell county, where 
 he lived till his death, in his fifty-fourth year, leaving a wife 
 and ten children. Thomas’ educational advantages were 
 limited, being confined to attendance during the winter at a 
 school two miles distant; but he laid the foundation upon 
 which he has built, by reading and practical study, until he 
 is recognized as a most thorough and systematic business 
 man. He moved to Cincinnati on his fifteenth birthday, 
 ostensibly for a visit, but really to seek an opportunity for 
 an indulgence of his taste for mechanics. He engaged as 
 an apprentice with Loader & Demint, then the largest 
 engine builders west of Pittsburgh, and soon became a 
 skilful workman. Plis residence now stands on the spot 
 then occupied by their works. After the expiration of his 
 term of apprenticeship he entered the finishing shop of 
 Green & Hatch, where he assisted in the fitting out of a 
 large number of boats, including the “ Robert Fulton,” 
 “Crusader,” “Amulet,” “Native,” “Fairy” and “Walter 
 Scott,” on the latter of which he engaged as engineer. He 
 
 left Cincinnati with Captain Fay, despite the opposition of 
 his friends. May 28th, 1S2S, to enter upon the St. Louis 
 and New Orleans trade. On his second and last trip his 
 boat, which had been lying in port twelve days, with the 
 mercury at 1 10 degrees and the yellow fever sweeping off 
 over four hundred per day, left New Orleans, September 
 1st, so densely crowded by those fleeing from the scourge 
 as to leave scarcely standing room. During the fearful run 
 which followed, the dead and dying were put ashore at 
 almost every landing, and when they reached the mouth of 
 the Ohio there were le.ss than fifty souls on board, three 
 officers, including the captain, five deck hands and four 
 firemen having fallen victims to the terrible malady. In 
 August, 1828, he invented a “stop-valve,” in the supply- 
 pipe for the relief of the pressure of steam on the force- 
 pump, which has proved very efficacious and valuable. 
 He also introduced the use of derricks, now considered an 
 indispensable part of a boat’s equipment, in 1829. After 
 the death of Captain Fay he returned to the establishment 
 of Green & Hatch, where he continued as foreman for two 
 years. In 1831 he became engineer of the “ I’hiladelphia,” 
 commanded by Anderson Miller, the friend of Henry Clay 
 and bitter enemy of Andrew Jackson. This boat was then 
 the largest on the Western rivers, being 183 feet long, with 
 a carrying capacity of 450 tons. Tiie name of Thomas F. 
 Eckert had now become widely known among river men as 
 one of the most skilful engineers and mechanics on the 
 Western waters, and in the winter of 1832-33, when Colonel 
 Robert Beveridge, of Florida, took a contract for carrying 
 the mail three times a week from Appalachicola to Colum- 
 bus, Georgia, he selected him to superintend the mechan- 
 ical arrangements of his six boats. After six months in this 
 service he was detailed to go North to build a new boat; 
 and, finding the yards and shops at Cincinnati already over- 
 run, he proceeded to Vfheeling, where he completed his 
 task in the allotted time, and produced in 1833 the beauti- 
 ful steamer “Andrew Jackson.” At the expiration of the 
 year he was commissioned to build the “ Floridian ; ” in it he 
 had one-fourth interest, and ran her a season on the Appa- 
 lachicol.a and Chattahoochee rivers. Returning to Cincin- 
 nati in 1834 he built the “ Hyperion,” which he ran a 
 season ; and then followed the “ Paul Jones,” on the Ohio 
 and Mississippi rivers, the “ President,” “ Commodore,” 
 the second “ Paul Jones,” the second “Andrew Jackson ” 
 and the “ Walnut Hills.” He left the latter in 1852 to 
 retire to private life, having been eng.aged in steamboating 
 twenty-two years, four as engineer and eighteen as captain; 
 but he was not permitted to remain idle, for the Democrats 
 elected him to the State I.egislature in 1852 by an over- 
 whelming majority. Among his distinguished services in 
 that body was his authorship of “ The Ten Hour System of 
 Labor.” After the expiration of his term he was elected 
 President of the Western Insurance Company, then in its 
 infancy, but which, under his man.agement, has taken rank 
 among the best in the country. To him the city is indebted 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 541 
 
 for the magnificent avenue connecting it with Carthage, 
 which, after years of patient labor, was thrown open to the 
 public in 1S61. Ilis public spirit and indomitable enter- 
 prise has materially advanced the interests of the city, and 
 he has done much to promote and perpetuate the river 
 trade, so essential to the vitality of the mercantile interests 
 of Cincinnati. During all his river e.xperience he never 
 lost a life or a dollar by accident, and has persistently used 
 his influence to make common carriers responsible for loss 
 of life or property, and thus to insure greater caution and 
 care in the selection of engineers and the construction of 
 boilers. 
 
 ONES, WEL.LS S., was born, August 3d, 1S30, in 
 Ross county, Ohio, the third of a family of eight 
 children. His parents, R. P. Jones and Nancy 
 Smith, are both natives of Berkeley county, Vir- 
 ginia, from which they emigrated to Ohio in her 
 early history, his father settling on a farm in Pax- 
 ton township, Ross county, where they still live. He had 
 the benefit of pious practical training and education, till he 
 reached his majority, his boyhood being spent on his father’s 
 farm. In the year 1851 he went to McLean county, Illi- 
 nois, there following his old avocation, connecting teaching 
 therewith for about two years, when he returned to. his old 
 home. He chose the medical profession and at once 
 entered upon his studies with that energy and assiduity 
 which characterize all his undertakings. He attended the 
 Starling Medical College in 1855, and began the practice 
 of medicine in Jasper, Pike county, in 1856, where he re- 
 mained only a few months, removing to Waverly, where he 
 industriously and successfully practised his profession for 
 one year and a half. Returning to Jasper, he secured a 
 large and lucrative practice by industiy and application. 
 In the fall of l86l he entered the service of his country. 
 Recruiting a full company, he was commissioned Captain, 
 Company A, 53d Ohio Volunteer Infantry, being the first 
 full company taken to camp from Pike county. His regi- 
 ment joined General .Sherman’s army at Paducah, Kentucky, 
 in February, 1862. He was in every engagement in which 
 his regiment participated, and several battles in which his 
 regiment was not engaged. He was in the heavy fighting 
 at Shiloh, Corinth, Vicksburg, Jackson, Missionary Ridge, 
 Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, and Jones- 
 boro’, and was in General Sherman’s famous march to the 
 sea. General Jones, with his brigade, the 2d, of the 2d 
 Division, 15th Army Corps, made the memorable assault on 
 Port McAllister near Savannah. In this engagement he 
 was wounded by a Minie ball ; disabling him for active ser- 
 vice about one month. His gallant bearing before Shiloh 
 won for him a Colonel’s commission. On the 13th of 
 March, 1865, he was made a Brigadier General for brave 
 and meritorious conduct on the field, having been strongly 
 recommended by both General -Sherman and General Logan. 
 
 His services earned for him a still higher rank, but owing 
 to a personal difficulty with Governor Brough, his promo- 
 tion was prevented. After the grand review in Washing- 
 ton city, he served with his brigade in Arkansas, and was 
 mustered out m Septendrer, 1865, having given four years 
 to the service of his country. He returned to civil life 
 carrying with him the respect and confidence of all who 
 knew him. Resuming his professional studies he graduated 
 at Starling Medical College in 1866, and took up the prac- 
 tice of medicine in Waverly, where he now resides. Gen- 
 eral Jones is strongly identified with the Republican party, 
 and is a leading politician in his district. In the fall of 
 1866 he was the candidate for Congress in the Twelfth Dis- 
 trict. The following year he was the candidate for State 
 .Senator. He was appointed Internal Revenue Assessor of 
 the Twelfth Congressional District in 1869, which position 
 he held four years, when the office was abolished. While he 
 is actively engaged in his profession he is also largely in- 
 terested in mercantile and agricultural business. General 
 Jones is active in all public affairs that promote the general 
 good, political, social, or religious. He is a member of the 
 Methodist Flpiscopal Church. Socially he is a man of 
 pleasing address and of unquestioned integrity. By untiring 
 industry he is making life a success. His wife was E. H. 
 Kincaid, the daughter of Wdlliam M. Kincaid and Harriet 
 Prather, who came of early pioneer families from Virginia 
 and Maryland. 
 
 MEAD, GEORGE LEWIS, Superintendent of the 
 Ohio Institute for the Education of the Blind, 
 was born at Greenfield, Massachusetts, on Janu- 
 ary l8th, 1834. His early education was received 
 at the common schools of that day, and such was 
 his proficiency, that at the age of seventeen he 
 was qualified as a teacher, and followed that profession 
 until he was twenty-one years of age, when he entered 
 Amherst College, at Amherst, Massachusetts. Pursuing the 
 usual course of studies, he graduated from that institution 
 in the year 1859. In the fall of the same year he located 
 in Columbus, Ohio, and engaged as a teacher in the Insti- 
 tute for the Education of the Blind of that State. July l6tb, 
 1863, Professor Smead was united in matrimony to Hattie 
 Wilson, of Francestown, New Hampshire, daughter of 
 Alexander Wilson, an influential citizen of that place; she 
 died May loth, 1870. The position of teacher held by 
 Professor Smead for a period of about nine years was filled 
 with skill and ability, so much so, that when in August, 
 1868, Dr. A. D. Lord, who had served the institute for a 
 long period of years, resigned his position as superintend- 
 ent, Professor Smead was appointed to fill his place, which 
 position he has successfully held to the present time. The 
 Institute for the Education of the Blind is a Slate establish- 
 ment, and by reason of its large, commodious, and beauti- 
 ful building, and the advantages of education it affords to 
 
542 
 
 BIOGRAPIIICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 that unfortunate class, deservedly ranks as one of the first 
 in the country. Much of its present standing and pros- 
 perity is due to Professor George L. Smead, who has 
 labored long and faithfully for the unfortunate blind of 
 Ohio. August 29th, 1871, Professor Smead was united in 
 matrimony to Sarah E. Emerson, of Erancestown, New 
 Hampshire. 
 
 -PUTNAM, JOHN 11 ., Editor, Legislator, and Pri- 
 vate Secretary to Governor William Allen, during 
 
 his late administration, was born, April ^d, 1835, 
 in South Charleston, Clark county, Ohio. His 
 great-grandfather was General Rufus Putnam, who 
 greatly distinguished himself in the war of the 
 Revolution, and who afterwards emigrated to the Territory 
 of Ohio and established the first colony at Marietta. His 
 grandfather. Judge Edwin Putnam, was the founder of the 
 town of Putnam, on the Muskingum river, and served in a 
 judicial capacity for many years. His father. General 
 Rufus Putnam, was a conspicuous figure in the early mili- 
 tary history of the State. He was in command of a brigade 
 of Ohio militia at the commencement of the Mexican war, 
 and by a vote of his command, tendered its services to the 
 government, but Ohio’s quota being declared full by the 
 general government, the offer was not accepted. John IL, 
 the subject of this sketch, has been in public life from early 
 youth. A printer by profession, at the age of seventeen he 
 commenced the publication of a daily paper in Dayton, and 
 has been almost continuously engaged in his favorite pur- 
 suit ever since, having published and edited papers at Day- 
 ton, Greenville, Union City, Galion, Newark, and Chilli- 
 cothe. He is now the editor and one of the proprietors of 
 the Daily Evening Dispatch at Columbus. Although a 
 Democrat, in 1861, through his paper at Newark, and by 
 his personal influence, he gave great assistance to the friends 
 of the war in rallying his political adherents to its support. 
 He assisted in raising several companies and then took 
 command of one in person and went into the field, where 
 he remained about two years, participating with his regi- 
 ment, the 31st Ohio, in the Mill Springs campaign, the 
 siege of Corinth, the campaign along the line of the Charles- 
 ton & Memphis Railroad, Buell’s memorable march from 
 Dechard to Louisville, after Bragg, and the five days’ battle 
 of Stone river. Returning home in the fall of 1863, he 
 was nominated by the Democrats and elected to the Legis- 
 lature, and participated in the fiery struggles in that body 
 during the se.ssions of 1864 and 1865. Being an apt parlia- 
 mentarian and a good debater, he at once took a position 
 as one of the leaders of the body, which he held during the 
 remainder of his legislative career. At the end of his term 
 he was renominated and re-elected, serving his Licking 
 county constituency for the period of four years. During 
 his second term he moved to Chillicothe, and in the fall of 
 1 87 1 was nominated by his party to represent the district 
 
 composed of the counties of Ross and Highland, in the 
 .State Senate. He was elected and served his constituency 
 with such acceptability that he was tendered a renomination, 
 which he declined. He was largely in.strumental in bring- 
 ing about the nomination of Governor Allen in 1873, and 
 made the canvass of the State with that gentleman, giving 
 much assistance in directing the campaign in addition to 
 his labors on the stump. After the election. Governor 
 Allen tendered him the position of Private Secretary, which 
 he accepted and filled in a manner highly creditable to 
 himself and his chief. He was united in marriage, on the 
 14th of October, 1867, with Ella Gertrude Ewing, of 
 Chillicothe. 
 
 OSECRANS, RIGHT REV. S. H., Bishop of 
 Columbus, Ohio, was born at Homer, Licking 
 county, Ohio, on February 5th, 1827. His 
 parents were Crandall and Jane (Hopkins) Rose- 
 crans, and both came from Wilkesbarre, Penn- 
 sylvania. His father followed agricultural pur- 
 suits, and also engaged in contracts for public works. In 
 the Bishop's veins flows eminently patriotic blood, his mother 
 being a granddaughter of Timothy Hopkins, who signed 
 the Declaration of Independence. He was educated at 
 Kenyon College, Ohio, and St. John’s, P'ordham, New 
 York, graduating from the latter in 1846. After graduating, 
 feeling impelled to the priesthood, he went to Rome to 
 study theology at the Propaganda, where he remained five 
 years. He was ordained priest in Rome, in July, 1852, 
 and returned at once to his native land, where he began to 
 exercise the priestly office at the Cathedral in Cincinnati. 
 In the discharge of this duty he continued for ten years, 
 becoming also Professor of Theology in Mount St. Mary’s 
 Seminary, and Editor of the Catholic Telegraph. On 
 March 25th, 1862, he was consecrated auxiliary Bishop 
 of Cincinnati, and rendered efficient aid in the administra- 
 tion of the diocese until 18C8. In that year, Columbus 
 having been erected into a separate diocese, he was trans- 
 ferred to that city, being installed on March 3d, 1S68. 
 Since entering upon this important charge, he has carried 
 through many important undertakings, among which may 
 be mentioned the building of a fine cathedral, at a cost of 
 about ^150,000, the establishment, in 1874, of orphan asy- 
 lums at Pomeroy and Columbus. In 1870 he devoted much 
 time to the superintendence of the .Sisters’ Seminary of St. 
 Aloysius, designed for higher and theological studies. He 
 comes of a Protestant family, but became a Catholic prose- 
 lyte in 1845, while a student at Kenyon College. This 
 it was which led to the transfer of his scholastic alle- 
 giance to .St. John’s, a Catholic institution. His mother 
 joined the Catholic Church before her death, but his 
 father did not. General Rosecrans, brother of the bishop, 
 was converted while a Professor at West Point, and it 
 
BIOGRArmCAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 543 
 
 was partly through his influence that the Bishop became a 
 neophyte. The Bishop is greatly beloved in his diocese, 
 and wields a large influence for good outside of the pale of 
 the church. 
 
 ;EMPSTEAD, G. S. B., a. M., M. D., was born, 
 June 8th, 1794, in New London, Connecticut. 
 Ilis father, Giles Hempstead, and mother, Lucre- 
 tia .Saltonstall, moved to Marietta, Northwestern 
 Territory, in 1802. At Marietta, the subject of 
 this sketch was placed in school, remaining there 
 until 1810, when he entered the law office of Governor R. 
 
 J. Meigs, studied law one year, and in l8ll was sent to 
 the Ohio University. Here he matriculated and entered 
 the Junior class. In 1813 he received the degree of A. B., 
 and in the same year commenced the study of medicine 
 under Dr. John B. Regnier. He remained under the tutor- 
 ship of Dr. Regnier until the spring of 1816, when he was 
 licensed to practise medicine by the Board of Censors under 
 authority of the State. During 1816 he located four several 
 ‘imes ; first at Waterford, between Marietta and Zanesville, 
 next at Athens, and then at Guyandotte, West Virginia, and 
 finally settled, in the month of October, at Portsmouth, 
 Scioto county, Ohio. Here he practised medicine, covering 
 a territory of thirty-five miles, reaching in all directions ex- 
 cept south from Portsmouth. Two months before going to 
 Guyandotte he had travelled through portions of Ohio, Ken- 
 tucky, Indiana and West Virginia. In 1858, in conse- 
 quence of declining health. Dr. Hempstead moved to 
 Hanging Rock, where he remained until 1872. In that 
 year he returned to Portsmouth, where he has since 
 made his home. Dr. Hempstead was engaged in full 
 practice from 1816 to 1858, and in a select practice until 
 1865. Since then he has only consented to accept the cases 
 of old patients and personal friends, devoting his time al- 
 most exclusively to the study of the natural sciences. In 
 the winter of 1821-22 he attended a course of lectures at 
 the Medical College of Ohio, receiving the degree of Doctor 
 of Medicine. In 1822 the Ohio University conferred on 
 him the degree of Master of Arts. In 1821 Dr. Hempstead 
 married Elizabeth Peebles, daughter of John and Margaret 
 Peebles, by whom he had two daughters and one son, the 
 latter dying in 1873. 
 
 « URPHY, JOHN, A. M., M. D., one of the most 
 distinguished and successful physicians of Cin- 
 cinnati, was born in Hawkins county. East Ten- 
 nessee, January 23d, 1824. He received a liter- 
 ^ ary education in the old Cincinnati College, and 
 in April, 1843, began the study of medicine in 
 the office of Dr. John P. Harrison, of Cincinnati. He in 
 the meantime entered the Medical College of Ohio, and 
 graduated in the spring of 1846. Immediately after gradu- 
 
 ation, he was elected one of the resident physicians to the- 
 Cincinnati Hospital. This position he held one year, and 
 in 1847 opened his office for private practice. Being very 
 successful, and wishing to increase his professional knowl- 
 edge, in 1853 he made a trip to Europe for that purpose. 
 There he spent nearly two years attending the lectures and 
 clinics of the most distinguished men of his profession, in 
 Paris and other medical centres. He was one of the foun- 
 ders of the Miami Medical College, of Cincinnati. At the 
 organization of this institution he was made a member of the 
 faculty, and Professor of Materia Medica. When, in 1857, 
 the Miami and the Medical College of Ohio were consoli- 
 dated, he was again elected to the Chair of Materia Medical 
 On the independent reorganization of the Miami Medical 
 College, in 1865, he was elected Professor of the Principles 
 and Practice of Medicine. This position he still holds, 
 with a degree of popularity to which few medical lecturers 
 attain. In connection with Drs. George Mendenhall and 
 E. B. Stevens, he established and edited the Medical Ob- 
 server, and after the union of this journal with the Wester?! 
 Lancet, he still remained one of its editors. During the 
 war of the rebellion he was a member of the Board ap- 
 pointed'by Governor Tod to examine candidates for medi- 
 cal positions in the State regiments. He was also Surgeon 
 of the Board of Enrolment for the Second District of Ohio, 
 and for three years Acting Assistant Surgeon in charge of 
 the Third Street Cincinnati United States Military Hospi- 
 tal. Dr. Murphy is a member of the medical staff of the 
 Cincinnati Hospital, member of the Cincinnati Medical 
 Society, the Ohio State Medical Society, and the American 
 Medical Association. His private practice is extensive and 
 valuable, few medical men of the West occupying a more 
 enviable place in the confidence of the people, or more 
 justly bearing a widespread reputation. 
 
 ULBERT, HIRAM, was born, September 2d, 1806, 
 at Great Barrington, Massachusetts. He is the 
 seventh of eight children born to Elisha Hulbert 
 and Cloah Savage. His father was a native of 
 Massachusetts and a farmer. Elisha Hulbert 
 emigrated to Ohio in 1810, settling on the Big 
 Hocking, seven miles from Athens, in the Ohio Company’s 
 purchase, where he lived until his death in 1813. Hiram’s 
 mother was also born in Massachusetts and died in 1813. 
 The, subject of this sketch worked on a farm and attended 
 school when he could until he was twenty years of age, at 
 which time he had progressed so far as to be able to spell a 
 few monosyllabic words. Leaving the farm he engaged to 
 work for Daniel Stewart, on the Hocking, thirteen miles 
 from Athens — wages, three dollars a month. At the end 
 of two months his employer thought his services worth more 
 money, and accordingly advanced his wages to eight dollars 
 per month. At the end of another month Hiram went on 
 
544 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 the Ohio river, and for forty days rowed on a keel boat, at 
 the rate of nine dollars a month. In the latter part of 1826 
 he rowed a keel boat from Cincinnati to the mouth of the 
 Kentucky river, making the trip in sixteen days, and re- 
 ceiving one dollar a day for his services. After this he re- 
 turned to Athens, attended a common school for about six 
 months, learning to read, write and cipher as far as the rule 
 of three. In 1827 young Ilulbert went into a grocery store 
 in Athens, remaining there six months, at three dollars a 
 month salary. But fortune had better things in store. Me 
 conceived the idea of peddling clocks about the country, 
 and immediately set about it. He was so successful that in 
 .1 few weeks he had made four liundred and fifty dollars 
 clear of all expenses, in those days a small fortune for a 
 young man. In this venture he had shown business tact 
 and caution which attracted the notice of his friends, who 
 assisted him to start business on his own account. In June, 
 1830, he opened a store at McArthur, Vinton county. He 
 started with a well-selected stock of goods, and immediately 
 began to do a good business. Since that time he has re- 
 sided in McArthur, being engaged in business and promi- 
 nently identified with the material growth of that place. 
 He was in the grocery and dry-goods business until 1852, 
 when he became involved in difficulties through his partner, 
 and about all he had in the world was swept away. His 
 friends came to his relief, and through their assistance he 
 was able to buy back his property. He then went into 
 the hotel business, carrying on a farm at the same time. 
 His efforts to retrieve his loss were so successful that, in 
 1869, he paid the last dollar of his indebtedness, amounting 
 to over nine thousand dollars. Mr. Hulbert was Captain, 
 Quartermaster, and Adjutant in the 2d Division of the 
 Ohio Militia under the old law. He is a Republican, but 
 has never sought any office. For forty years he has been a 
 member of the Methodist Church. At the age of three- 
 score years and ten, and after a life of industry and toil, 
 Mr. Hulbert enjoys the nseof his mental and physical facul- 
 ties unimpaired. He is a leading and highly respected 
 citizen of Vinton county. 
 
 CHAEFER, I.OUIS, Lawyer, was born, 1815, in 
 the Department of Moselle, France, and is a son 
 of Phillip and Catharine (I.oehr) Schaefer. He 
 was educated chiefly at the public schools of his 
 native place, but also received much valuable in- 
 struction from his father, who was a teacher by 
 profession. He accompanied his parents in their emigra- 
 tion to the United St.ates in 1830, locating in Stark county, 
 Ohio. Having selected the legal profession for his future 
 career, he entered the ofiice of Griswold & Grant, counsel- 
 lors and attorneys-at-Iaw at Canton, in 1840; and after the 
 usual preparatory course, was admitted to practise in 1842, 
 
 and has since been actively engaged in the duties of his 
 profession, having succeeded in placing himself among the 
 leaders of the bar in that vicinity. While he has closely ap- 
 plied himself to his legal labors, he has also found time to 
 promote the public interests of Canton in vr.rious directions. 
 Recognizing the vital importance of education, he has been 
 for many years identified with the Board of Education of 
 that town, and has devoted much of his time to its public 
 schools. In 1 863 the members of the board saw fit to pass 
 a rule prohibiting any and all religious exercises in the 
 schools, believing that, as the parents and guardians of the 
 pupils, as well as the children themselves, were composed 
 of numerous denominations and creeds, conflicting with each 
 other in opinion, and as the spirit and intention of the 
 public-school laws were adverse to the introduction, either 
 directly or indirectly, of any religious dogmas or views, it 
 was wise to leave the same outside of the school room. The 
 action of the board, wdiich w'as composed of gentlemen of 
 various creeds, on this subject, brought forth a protest from 
 a number of the clergymen in Canton, who requested the 
 rule to be rescinded. Their petition w'as respectfully re- 
 ceived by the board, and replied to, point by point, by 
 Louis Schaefer, w'hose sound view's on the subject were 
 unaniarously indorsed by the board, and the rule w'hich 
 emanated from him became a law'; and it is but justice to 
 say that, after years of trial of its operation, the morals of 
 the children attending the Canton schools w'ill bear com- 
 parison with those of any school in the country, and that by 
 leaving these tender questions to the parents of the children, 
 the cause of education has not suffered with any class, and 
 harmony has prevailed among all. In the establishment of 
 water-works he w'as the leading spirit. Appreciating the nu- 
 merous benefits w'hich Canton w'ould derive from having good 
 and reliable water-works, he agitated the matter for a long 
 time, and though he met with much opposition from some 
 who were not alive t'v the demands of a grow'ing borough, 
 he overcame these obstacles, and, on March 27th, 1869, and 
 in connection with others, he was instructed to proceed in 
 the construction and completion of the Canton City Water- 
 Works. This improvement w'as finished to the credit of the 
 committee, and the entire approval of the citizens. Owing 
 mainly to his efforts, several large manufacturing establish- 
 ments, employing over 6cxd hands, were added to the indus- 
 tries of Canton within five years past. He has also added 
 to the beauty of the place by the erection of a fine business 
 block, which includes a first-class Opera House. Aiming, 
 as he has ever done, to promote the welfare of the com- 
 munity at large, he enjoys their respect and esteem. He 
 has been connected w'ith the Board of Education for nine 
 years past, and has served as one of the City Council for 
 twelve years. In 1866 he was a candidate on the Demo- 
 cratic ticket for Congress, although, as a rule, he has 
 eschewed politics. He was married, in May, 1S49, to 
 Catharine Anna, a daughter of Rev. Stephen A. Mealy, of 
 Savannah, Georgia. 
 
BIOGRAPIITCAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 545 
 
 f ASH, HON. SIMEON, was born at South Hadley, 
 Massachusetts, September 2ist, 1S04. He was 
 the son of a millwright, whose wife was of more 
 than common mind and force of character. Our 
 subject received his early education at the district 
 school near his home, thoroughly grounding him- 
 self in the elementary branches. During his school days he 
 was an eager devourer of books of a solid character, mainly 
 such as dealt with history. He was fond of tracing the 
 marches and battles of armies ; among the favorite books of 
 his early days were Goulon’s “ History of the War of our 
 Revolution ” and Campbell’s “ Lives of the English Ad- 
 mirals.” In his efforts to store his mind with useful knowl- 
 edge he was greatly encouraged and stimulated by his 
 mother. Plaving tasted the sweets of learning, he was filled 
 with a desire for increased knowledge that no obstacle could 
 repress. He spared no effort, wasted no time in improving 
 his mind. He read, digested and put on paper whatever 
 impressed him as being of value. This plan he has pursued 
 through life. In the practice of the law he has found this 
 system of great value, enabling him to analyze and arrange 
 evidence rapidly, and adding strength to his arguments. 
 This has made him a ready and effective speaker, often, 
 when called upon suddenly to discuss some question, receiv- 
 ing credit for what appeared to be e.xtemporaneous, but which 
 was in reality the result of long and intense thought. At the 
 age of seventeen years he went to Hopkins Academy, in 
 Old Hadley, where he remained six months, beginning his 
 immediate preparations for college. In 1825 he entered Am- 
 herst College. He had not the means to meet all expenses, 
 and was therefore obliged to teach school during the winters 
 of his collegiate life. After graduating at college in 1829, 
 he returned to South Hadley and remained there two years, 
 during which time he read law with the late Edw'ard 
 Hooker, Esq., and taught part of the time in a school for 
 boys at South Hadley. He read law as he did everything, 
 thoroughly and systematically. Having finished his law 
 course, he accepted an invitation from the late Hon. S. P'. 
 Vinton, a native of South Hadley, to take up his residence 
 in Gallipolis, Ohio. He made the journey from South Had- 
 ley to Gallipolis by stage, arriving there January 9th, 1832, 
 where he has since made his home. It was necessary to re- 
 side one year in Ohio before he could be admitted to the 
 bar, and this year he passed with his friend, Mr. Vinton, to 
 whom he was indebted for much good counsel. He was 
 admitted to practise in April, 1833. There was not a rush 
 of business when he opened his law office in Gallipolis, and 
 he had amjde time to improve his mind. This he did by 
 devoting his leisure hours to reading law and miscellaneous 
 books of value. As he began to gain a little money from 
 his practice, it was his habit to buy a book and read it thor- 
 oughly. In this way he has accumulated a law library of 
 nearly eight hundred volumes, and a miscellaneous library 
 of over a thousand. While at college Mr. Nash began the 
 study of French, in which he has since perfected himself, so 
 O9 
 
 that he now reads it as readily as he does his mother tongue. 
 In 1839 he was a successful Whig candidate for the State 
 Senate, representing his district in that body for two succes- 
 sive terms of two years each. They were stormy years. 
 Party politics ran high and questions of great moment were 
 under discussion, among them the tariff and the currency. 
 The Democrats, under the leadership of Benton, advocated 
 a currency exclusively of coin. The Whigs, following Clay 
 and Webster, favored a currency composed of bank notes 
 and coin. While Mr. Nash was in the State Senate the 
 financial question was fully discussed. By law the charters 
 of the Ohio banks expired January 1st, 1843, 
 session of 1840-41 an effort was made to extend the time 
 for winding up the banks in order to keep their paper at par 
 until redeemed. Mr. Nash advocated this policy, and wrote 
 an elaborate speech in its favor. In the following summer, 
 after the banks had gone into liquidation, he wrote an article 
 showing the disastrous results to the people of forced resump- 
 tion. These two documents were largely circulated in the 
 summer of 1S42, and were thought to have aided in bring- 
 ing about a change in the Legislature and in the policy of 
 the State on the banking question. In the session of 1842 
 he made a strong speech against the Democratic hard-money 
 doctrine, thereby adding to his reputation as a financial 
 economist. At the close of his second term, in 1843, he de- 
 clined a re-election, feeling that he could not afford the pro- 
 fessional sacrifice. In the winter of 1844 the Legislature 
 elected him one of a commission of three to investigate the 
 expenditures on the public works of Ohio, which were then 
 completed. This preferment came without Mr. Nash’s 
 knowledge, and it was only at the earnest solicitation of his 
 friends that he was induced to accept. The investigation 
 proved to be a laborious work, and lasted from May, 1845, 
 to January, 1847. Beside two voluminous reports made by 
 the commission, Mr. Nash prepared a separate report on 
 the debt contracted in constructing the National road, rec- 
 ommending a just course to be pursued in paying claims. 
 The Legislature adopted his suggestion and closed up the 
 matter. Money, which would otherwise have been lost, was 
 recovered by the commission, and was more than sufficient 
 to pay all the expenses of investigation. Mr. Nash was 
 elected a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1852, 
 in which his ripe experience in public affairs proved of great 
 value. The new Constitution having been adopted, he w'as 
 elected Judge of the Third Subdivision of the Seventh Dis- 
 trict, composed of Gallin, Meigs, Athens and Washington 
 counties. He w'ent on the bench in February, 1852, and 
 remained there for ten years, at a salary of ^1500 per an- 
 I mini. Retiring from the bench he resumed his practice at 
 the bar. In his early days he practised in the counties of 
 j Lawrence, Gallin, Meigs, Athens, Washington, and occa- 
 sionally in Scioto and Jackson ; now he limits his practice 
 mainly to Gallin and Meigs counties, with an occasional 
 visit to other counties in Ohio and West Virginia. He also 
 ! appears in the United States courts at Cincinnati. During 
 
54 ^ 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOr.^;DIA. 
 
 the years of a busy professional and public life Judge Nash 
 has found time to do a great deal of literary work and legal 
 reporting. He is the author of a digest of the twenty volumes 
 of the “Ohio Reports,” published by H. N. Derby in 1853; 
 of a digest of the first ten volumes of the “ Ohio Reports,” 
 published in 1861 by Follet Foster & Co.; of “ Nash’s Plead- 
 ing and Practice under the Civil Code,” published in 1856 by 
 H. N. Derby, of Cincinnati, which ran through three editions, 
 the two latter, with additions, being published by Robert 
 Clarke, of Cincinnati. In 1875 he rewrote most of his 
 “ Pleading and Practice,” adding largely to it, making two 
 volumes of the work, which was also published by Robert 
 Clarke & Co. Judge Nash is the author of a work on 
 “ Morality and the State,” and has been a frequent con- 
 tributor to the Western Law Journal, the IFestern Law 
 Monthly and other periodicals. In the August number of 
 the Boston Lata Motithly of 1864 appeared an able article 
 from his pen on the status of the Southern States before and 
 after the rebellion. The blessings of constant health and a 
 well-preserved constitution have enabled Judge Nash to ac- 
 complish all that we have recounted, and yet retain the full 
 mental vigor of his earlier days. He is still in active prac- 
 tice, and is capable of doing as much work now as ever. 
 December l6th, 1831, he married Cynthia Smith, of Granby, 
 Massachusetts, who lives to enjoy with him the result of his 
 life of toil. 
 
 t'OCHRAN, HON. WILLIAM R., was born in 
 Adams county, Pennsylvania, March 17th, 1811. 
 His parents were William and Rebecca (Morrow) 
 Cochran. His mother was a sister of the late 
 Hon. Jeremiah Morrow, Governor of Ohio from 
 1822 to 1826; member of the United States 
 Senate from 1813 to 1819, and Representative in Congress 
 from 1803 to 1813, and again from 1840 to 1843. The 
 parents of Mr. Cochran immigrated to Ohio in 1814, settling 
 in Harnilton county. In 1825 they removed to Butler county, 
 where their son attended the Miami University, graduating 
 in the class of 1831. It was the singular felicity of this 
 school, now fallen into obscurity and disrepute, to have 
 graduated at about this period of its history a greater num- 
 ber of young men who achieved a contemporai’y fame in 
 the history of their country than any other institution of 
 learning in the United States. During the period of the 
 civil conflict, besides several officer? of high reputation in 
 the volunteer army, there were at one time not less than 
 four Governors of States and fifteen members of Congress 
 who claimed the institution for their Alma Mater. After 
 leaving school Mr. Cochran read law with the Hon. John 
 Woods, of Hamilton, and was admitted to the bar in 1834. 
 He at once began practice in Hamilton, but the failure of 
 his health soon compelled him to relinquish all thoughts of 
 a professional career, and he engaged in farming, at which 
 he continued up to 1S72, when he was elected to the office 
 
 of Probate Judge. He has for ten years been the Secretary 
 of the Butler County Agricultural Society, and also a mem- 
 ber of the Democratic Central Committee. 
 
 J ll OHNSTON, WILLIAM S., one of the early and 
 I successful business men of Cincinnati, was born in 
 I Middletown, Connecticut, March 13th, 1791, and 
 JJZ died at Lake Forest, Illinois. He received a fine 
 education, and with fair prospects started for the 
 West. He located in Cincinnati, where he lived 
 for nearly fifty years. Soon after his arrival in that city he 
 began business as a dry-goods merchant, and was very suc- 
 cessful. But in a few years he abandoned mercantile pur- 
 suits entirely, and devoted his attention to investments in 
 real estate. He made large purchases in Covington, Ken- 
 tucky, and in the western parts of Cincinnati ; and when 
 Chicago first began to attract attention as presenting fine 
 opportunities for real estate speculations, he invested largely 
 there. In his various real estate investments of thirty or 
 forty years ago, Mr. Johnston displayed rare judgment and 
 foresight. He acted on the principle that the time to sell 
 was when others wanted to buy, and the time to buy was 
 when everybody wanted to sell. But as a rule he was a 
 buyer. He believed that money in real estate in growing 
 Western cities would, in the end, yield a larger return than 
 if invested in any other species of property ; so that, in 
 times of commercial revulsion or temporary depression in 
 prices, he would never sacrifice his real estate. The result 
 showed his wisdom. Most of his investments were in 
 Chicago, which, from a struggling village of three thousand 
 inhabitants, in his time became a proud- metropolis. Cin- 
 cinnati, too, has increased more than ten-fold in population 
 and value of property since Mr. Johnston began his career 
 in the West. Many years ago he owned the property on 
 which the Grand Hotel of Cincinnati now stands; and the 
 greater part of his life in that city was spent with his family 
 in the old homestead on the southwest corner of Fourth and 
 Vine streets, now the Custom House property. In 1825 he 
 became a member of the Cincinnati Water Company, which 
 was composed of William Greene, John P. Foote, George 
 Graham, D. B. Lawler and himself. He retained his 
 membership and interest in the stock of the company 
 for fifteen years. Finally, after a long negotiation, the 
 water works were sold to the city in 1840, on the most fa- 
 vorable terms to the people, the company operating the 
 works one year free of charge. This property is worth now 
 nearly twenty-fold more than the city paid for it. Mr. 
 Johnston was concerned in most of the business and social 
 movements of his times, and in a very wide sense was one 
 of the pioneers of the West. Few men were more generous 
 and princely in their gifts and charities, and none were 
 more indifferent to public recognitionr Among the early 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 547 
 
 founders of the commerce and prosperity of Cincinnati, he 
 will ev'er hold a prominent place. Ills advanced age at the 
 time of his death attests his exceptionally good personal 
 habits, and his long life of business successes was marked 
 by the strictest honor and integrity in all his dealings with 
 his fellow-men. In 1821 he was married to Clarina Bartow, 
 of West Chester, New York. From this union five chil- 
 dren remain — two sons and three daughters : William, who 
 lives in Chicago, was married to Jane Butterfield; Samuel, 
 a bachelor, also resides in that city ; Cornelia married 
 Simeon B. Williams ; Emily married Rpbert L. Fabian, 
 and Augusta married Horatio- G. Shumway, a prominent 
 lawyer of Chicago, and after his death she was married to 
 Henry D. Huntington, one of the most respected and suc- 
 cessful retiied business men of Cincinnati. 
 
 |||ARIMKE, HON. FREDERICK, Lawyer, Jurist 
 and Author, was born, September ist, 1791, in 
 the city of Charleston, South Carolina. He com- 
 pleted his education at Yale College, graduating 
 in the class of 1810, and subsequently studied law. 
 He removed to Ohio in his early manhood, and 
 engaged in the practice of his profession. He subsequently 
 served for several years as Presiding Judge in one of the 
 circuits of that State. In 1836, without any solicitation on 
 his part, he was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court, 
 which position he held for the next seven years, discharging 
 his duties with ability and inflexible integrity. He pub- 
 lished a work entitled “ Considerations upon the Nature and 
 Tendency of Free Institutions” (Cincinnati, 1848), and 
 “An Essay on Ancient and Modern Literature.” He left 
 a fund to his executor to provide for the publication of a 
 collection of his various writings in two volumes. He died 
 in Chillicothe, Ohio, March 8th, 1863. 
 
 ^ITZGERALD, HON. JAMES W., Lawyer, was 
 born at Queenstown, Ireland, February 15th, 
 1836. He attended the schools of his native city, 
 and was a student of the college at that place 
 when he embarked for Canada in 1851. He re- 
 mained in Quebec until the fall of 1853, when he 
 removed to Cincinnati, where he became a clerk in a grocery 
 store. In 1854 he engaged as bookkeeper for tbe well- 
 known marble firm of Charles Rule & Co., at P'ifth and 
 Broadway, and entered upon a systematic course of reading 
 and study, devoting much of his spare time to the law. He 
 began the grocery business on his own account in 1861, but 
 still pursued his studies, and was admitted to the bar in 1864. 
 He at once engaged in practice in Cincinnati, where he has 
 continued to the present time, except as interrupted by 
 offici.al duties, being especially devoted to the criminal 
 
 branch, for which he is eminently qualified by his native 
 genius and quick perception. His public career began by 
 his election to the City Council in 1861, when only twenty- 
 five years of age, and, except for a brief period, he has since 
 been a member of that body by successive re-elections. He 
 was elected County Commissioner of Hamilton county in 
 1864, and in 1868 was elected a Representative in the State 
 Legislature. He was elected President of Council in the 
 spring of i86g, and was confirmed as Assistant Prosecuting 
 Attorney of Hamilton county in the fall following. Under 
 the new law he was elected President of the Board of Coun- 
 cilmen in 1872; served as Vice-President of the same body 
 in 1874, and was re-elected President in 1875. That was 
 his seventh term in Council, and he has served the city in 
 that body for a longer period than any one of the seventy- 
 two members of which the Council is composed. His pres- 
 ent prominence and influence may be attributed to the early 
 political training he received from his employer, Charles 
 Rule, who was one of the prominent Democratic politicians 
 of the West. He was the nominee of the Democratic party 
 for Police Judge in 1875, and few men of his age have 
 received more marks of the confidence and esteem of his 
 party and the general public. 
 
 OORHES, RICHARD M., Lawyer and Soldier, 
 was born, October 6th, 1838, in Harrison county, 
 Ohio. His parents were both natives of Pennsyl- 
 vania, his father being a farmer by occupation. 
 He received his preliminary education in the 
 Normal School at Hopedale, and also attended 
 the Damascus, Ohio, Academy until he was nineteen years 
 old. He then taught school in Holmes county for two terms, 
 reading law in the vacation with the firm of Barcroft & 
 Voorhes, of Millersburg, and was admitted to the bar in that 
 town July 6th, i860. He commenced the practice of his 
 profession during the same month, being associated with 
 Thomas Campbell, of Coshocton, and so remained until 
 .-\pril.15th, 1861, the date of President Lincoln’s proclama- 
 tion calling for 75,000 men to suppress the rebellion. He 
 was the first person to sign enlistment papers in Coshocton 
 as a private, and was assigned to Company A, i6th Regi- 
 ment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was also among the first 
 body of troops that crossed the Ohio river into Virginia, 
 acting as Orderly Sergeant. These troops were under the 
 command of General McClellan. He was mustered out of 
 the service in August, 1861, and on his return home re- 
 enlisted m the three years’ service, October 28th, 1861, as a 
 private in Com] 4 any F, 56th Ohio Volunteers, under Colonel 
 Charles Harker. On November 6th following he was 
 elected First Lieutenant, and on the 30th of the same month 
 was promoted to the rank of Captain. He was subsequently 
 transferred to the United States service, being commissioned 
 by President Lincoln, and served until November, 1865. 
 
548 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOILEDIA. 
 
 He was an active participant in the battles of Pittsburgh 
 Landing (or Shiloh), Corinth, Mississippi, Perryville, Ken- 
 tucky, and Stone River, Tennessee. In this latter engage- 
 ment he was wounded in the hip, which disabled him from 
 active service in the field. He was appointed Postmaster 
 of Coshocton in 1867 by President Johnson, and held that 
 position until 1S69. He was elected, in 1S6S, Prosecuting 
 Attorney of Coshocton County, and re-elected in 1870, 
 holding that position for four years. In December, 1875, 
 he was admitted to practise in the United States Courts of 
 Ohio. He has been a zealous and consistent member 
 of the Presbyterian Church since July, 1 866. He was 
 married, November 27th, 1S62, to Georgeanna, second 
 daughter of Washington Burt, of Coshocton, and is the 
 father of two sons. 
 
 |EWIS, HON. EDWARD C., M. D., Senator from 
 the Eighteenth District to the Sixty-second Gen- 
 eral Assembly of Ohio, was born in Holmes 
 county, Ohio, December 26th, 1838. He is the 
 son of William Lewis and Nancy (Crawford) 
 Lewis. His father, a native of Pennsylvania, 
 and a descendant of Major Lewis, of revolutionary fame, 
 moved to Ohio in 1831, and there engaged in agricultural 
 pursuits ; his mother belongs to the celebrated Canby 
 family. He received his preliminary education at the 
 Berlin High School, in Holmes county, Ohio, was placed 
 in the Fredericksburg Academy, in Wayne county, Ohio, at 
 the age of fourteen, and finished his education at New 
 Wilmington, Delaware. He subsequently commenced the 
 study of medicine, and for four years remained as a student 
 under the renowned Professor J. W. Hamilton, of Colum- 
 bus, Ohio, having also the daily clinical advantages of the 
 hospital in the Ohio Penitentiary. The succeeding two 
 years he was a pupil of the eminent Professor Joseph Pan- 
 coast, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he also gradu- 
 ated with first honors at Jefferson Medical College, in 1862. 
 While studying at that institution the opportunities fur- 
 nished him for clinical instruction were exceptionally ^ood. 
 The hospitals of the city were crowded with sick and 
 wounded soldiers and every description of physical disease, 
 and surgical operation came under his observation ; and it 
 is doubtless in a great measure to the experience then ac- 
 quired, under the guidance of his renowned instructor, that 
 he owes the great success which has attended his practice 
 and given him so distinguished a place in the profession. 
 In the spring of 1862 he passed a successful medical and 
 surgical examination before the United States Navy Board, 
 in the city of New York. After leaving Jefferson Medical 
 College, in 1862, be was offered, and declined, the position 
 of Surgeon to a regiment of Ohio volunteer infantry. In 
 the same year he accepted the commission of Surgeon to 
 one of the United States army hospitals at Louisville, Ken- 
 tucky, but, after a brief experience with hospital gangrene. 
 
 resigned the place and established himself at New Phila- 
 delphia, Tuscarawas county, Ohio. While there he was 
 Physician to the County Infirmary, whence, at the expira- 
 tion of two years, he removed to Canal Dover, in the same 
 county, where he still resides. He has officiated as Presi- 
 dent of the Tuscarawas County Medical Society, and is a 
 member of the Ohio State Medical Society. He has aided 
 the Democratic party by serving as Chairman of the County 
 Democratic Central Committee, and has always furnished 
 labor and means for the honest advancement of his friends. 
 As a literary essayist Senator Lewis has acquired an envi- 
 able reputation, while his many valuable contributions to 
 the medical journals of the country reflect great credit upon 
 his scientific and professional attainments. Having an as- 
 sociate in practice, and living in the enjoyment of ample 
 means, he has been enabled to take an active part in public 
 aft'airs, and his name has been identified, consequently, 
 with every recent project of importance designed and pro- 
 jected in order to further the developments of his county. 
 For the past ten y’ears he has served as a member of the 
 Agricultural Society of Tuscarawas County, is Surgeon for 
 two of her important railroads, and has given effiuent sup- 
 port to the important lines of railway connecting the county 
 with the Cleveland and Ohio river markets. In 1873 he 
 was nominated by acclamation, and elected on the Demo- 
 cratic ticket, to represent his county in the Sixty-first 
 General Assembly, where he was a member of several 
 important standing committees, and was Chairman of the 
 ■Standing Committee on Benevolent Institutions. Declin- 
 ing the renomination to the House of Representatives, in 
 1875, nominated by acclamation in the Joint Con- 
 
 vention of the Eighteenth Senatorial District, and elected 
 by a larger majority than was given to any one upon .State 
 or county ticket in his district. He is the author of several 
 important reformatory measures, and, as a .Senator, has won 
 a reputation .and an influence which must be as gratifying 
 to his constituency as creditable to himself. He was mar- 
 ried, October 22d, 1862, to Mary E. Slingluff, the highly 
 accomplished and only daughter of the late lamented Dr. 
 Joseph Slingluff, of Canal Dover, by whom he has two 
 daughters, Anola and Josie Lewis. 
 
 ILSON, GEORGE W., Lawyer, was born, Febru- 
 ary 22d, 1840, at Brighton, Clarke county, Ohio, 
 and is the third son of Washington and Mary A. 
 Wilson; his father is a successful farmer and live 
 stock dealer, and a man of influence in his sec- 
 tion. George received his preliminary education 
 in the district school, and subsequently attended Antioch 
 College for three years. In 1861 he commenced the study 
 of law in the office of Hon. R. A. Harrison, at London, 
 Ohio, which, however, he relinquished for a season to en- 
 list in the army, the civil war having broken out. He 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 549 
 
 joined the 94th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infuntiy on 
 August 8th, 1862, and was elected Second Lieutenant by 
 his company. He received his commission and was mus- 
 tered into the service on the 23d of the same month, and 
 served with that command until J.anuary 20th, 1864, when 
 he was promoted to the rank of First Lieutenant of Com- 
 pany G. He remained with that regiment until August 
 25th, 1864, when he was mustered out to accept a commis- 
 sion from President Lincoln as P'irst Lieutenant of the ist 
 Regiment United States Veteran Volunteer Engineers, in 
 which command he served as such until, June ist, 1865, 
 he was appointed to the command of Company L, a new 
 company then added to the regiment. He was honorably 
 discharged from the service on the 26th day of September, 
 
 1865, at Xashville, Tennessee, and returned to Ohio, where 
 he at once resumed his law studies. Having completed 
 his course of reading he was admitted to the bar. May 7th, 
 
 1866, and immediately thereafter commenced the practice 
 of his profession in Madison county. He was elected 
 Prosecuting Attorney of that county in October, 1866, and 
 prior to the expiration of his two years’ term was re-elected, 
 in 1868, to the same office. In 1870 he associated with 
 him S. W. Durflinger, a young attorney who has since 
 made his mark as a promising advocate, under the firm- 
 name of Wilson & Durflinger, which partnership has pros- 
 pered greatly and commands at present a large and lucrative 
 practice. In October, 1871, the senior partner was elected 
 a member of the lower House in the General Assembly of 
 Ohio, as representative from Madison county on the Repub- 
 lican ticket, with which party he has ever been affiliated. 
 Since his legislative term expired he has been constantly 
 engaged in professional duties, in which he has been emi- 
 nently successful. He has at sundry times held several 
 positions in corporations, both municipal and others than 
 municipal. He is a zealous member of the Presbyterian 
 Church. In all his daily walks in life he has always en- 
 deavored to discharge every duty, whether public or private, 
 to the best of his ability and with fidelity to those inter- 
 ested, without reference to personal feelings or predilec- 
 tions. Pie is a valuable citizen in the community where he 
 resides, and enjoys the esteem and confidence of all who 
 know him. Before his enlistment in the army he was 
 married to Martha Lee Rice, an estimable lady, by whom 
 he has three children, Bertha Josephine, William Rice and 
 P' ranees. 
 
 ELLY, HOX. MO.SES, Lawyer and Legislator, 
 was born, January 21st, 1809, in Groveland, Liv- 
 ingston county (at that time Ontario county). 
 New York, and died in Cleveland, Ohio, August 
 15th, 1870. His father, Daniel Kelly, a Penn- 
 sylvanian, of Scotch-Irish descent, removed to 
 New York in 1797. His mother was of German descent. 
 He lived with his father at Groveland, working on the 
 
 farm and attending school until he was eighteep years of 
 age, when he commenced preparing for college at Geneseo, 
 under Cornelius C. I’elton (subsequently President of How- 
 ard University), and entered the freshman class of Harvard 
 College in 1S29, and graduated with his- class in 1833. 
 He then read law for three years in the office of Orlando 
 Hastings, of Rochester, New York. When he was ad- 
 mitted to practise he removed at once to Cleveland, where, 
 in 1836, he formed a law partnership with Hon. Thomas 
 Bolton, who had been his college classmate. The firm was 
 Bolton & Kelly, and was honored with a large practice. 
 In 1839 chosen City Attorney, and in 1841 was 
 
 elected to the City Council, where he did a noble work in 
 enacting a law to protect the city from the encroachments 
 of the lake. He was elected by the Whigs of Cuyahoga 
 and Geauga counties as State Senator for 1S44 and 1845. 
 His service in the Senate was bold and fearless for what he 
 deemed right, regardless of jiarty politics. The bill to re- 
 duce the salaiy of judges to an inadequate amount he 
 resisted to the last; although it w'as carried through by both 
 parties for political effect, it was repealed by the next Legis- 
 lature. The Whig party, to which he belonged, favored 
 the establishment of a Slate bank and branches, and a bill 
 to that effect was introduced ; but he opposed it strongly, 
 and advocated a system of free banking, with currency 
 based on State stocks. All efforts to quiet his opposition 
 were unavailing, and, although the State bank was estab- 
 lished, he secured the addition to the bill permitting the 
 establishment of independent banks with circulation based 
 on State stocks deposited with the State government ; also 
 the addition of checks and safeguards to the bank system. 
 His action was approved by his constituents, and a public 
 meeting was called, without regard to party, which ap- 
 proved his course. The Ohio independent bank system, 
 which he advocated and which proved successful, was the 
 model on which the national bank system of the United 
 States was subsequently constructed. At the same session 
 a bill was introduced to give the Ohio Life & Trust Com- 
 pany authority to issue bills to the amount of $500,000. 
 The arguments in favor of the bill were plausible, and the 
 support promised so great that the success was considered 
 certain. But on its third reading Mr. Kelly opposed it 
 with a speech of so much force that it failed, although it 
 had up to that time the support of both the Whigs and 
 Democrats. At the close of the session he returned to his 
 profession. In 1849 1 ^® Legislature appointed him one of 
 the Commissioners of the city of Cleveland to subscribe to 
 the capital stock, on behalf of the city, of the Cleveland & 
 Pittsburgh Railroad Company. He accepted the trust, and 
 represented the city’s interest in the Board of Directors for 
 several years, until the stock held by the city was disposed 
 of. In 1856 Mr. Bolton, his partner, was elected Judge 
 of the Court of Common Pleas, and the firm was changed 
 to Kelly & Griswold, Mr. O. .S. Griswold having been ad- 
 mitted to the firm in 1851. In 1866 he was a member of 
 
550 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 the Philadelphia convention for the healing of the differ- 
 ences between the North and South. In September, 1866, 
 President Johnson appointed him United Slates Marshal 
 for the Northern District of Ohio. The Senate of the 
 United States refused to confirm the appointment on ac- 
 count of the opposition to Mr. Johnson, and in March, 
 1867, he withdrew from that office. He was a stockholder. 
 Director and Attorney of the City Bank of Cleveland, which 
 was organized under the law of 1845, f> om its establishment 
 to its reorganization as the National City Bank, and until 
 his death. He assisted in organizing St. Paul’s Episcopal 
 Church, and continued one of its most active and liberal 
 supporters. He stood at the head ol his profession, and his 
 character was spotless. He. was married in 1839 to Mary 
 Jane Have, daughter of General Hezekiah Have, of New 
 Haven, Connecticut, and at his death left five children, of 
 whom the oldest, Frank 11 . Kelly, was born in Cleveland, 
 in 1840. This son, after a preparatory education in his 
 native city, entered Kenyon College, at Gambler, Ohio, 
 and upon leaving that institution returned to his home, read 
 law in his father’s office, graduated at the Ohio Slate and 
 Union Law College, in Cleveland, and was admitted to 
 practise law in 1861. He has taken an active interest in 
 politics from that time, and in 1873 was elected to the 
 Council as Trustee from the newly organized Sixteenth 
 ward, and the following year was elected President of the 
 Council. His uniform fairness in decisions and his close 
 attention to business have rendered him very popular. 
 
 ;ARAN, HON. JAMES J., Lawyer and Editor, 
 was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, December 29th, 
 1809. He graduated from Miami University in 
 1832. Immediately after leaving college he en- 
 tered the office of Judge O. M. Spencer, with 
 whom he studied law, and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1834. In the following year he was elected by the 
 Democratic party to the House of the General Assembly of 
 the State of Ohio. He was re-elected to the same branch 
 of the General Assembly in 1837, and again in 1838. Dur- 
 ing the session of 1838-39 he was Speaker of the House. 
 He was now very popular with his party, as an indication 
 of which he was elected to represent Cincinnati in the State 
 Senate, in 1839, and re-elected to the same office in 1841 
 and during the two sessions of the last term he was Speaker 
 of the Senate. In 1844 he was elected to Congress from 
 Hamilton county district, and in 1846 was re-elected, 
 serving four years. In 1855 he was elected Mayor of Cin- 
 cinnati, serving for two years. He was appointed Post- 
 master at Cincinnati by President Buchanan, and after 
 serving during a part of that President’s administration was 
 removed for political considerations. Mr. Faran appeared 
 as a writer while in college, and in- 1834 was one of the 
 editors of the Democratic Reporter, a campaign paper pub- 
 
 lished in Cincinnati during the race for Congress between 
 General Robert T. Lytle and Judge Bellamy Storer. In 
 1844 he became connected with the Cincinnati Enquirer 
 as one of its proprietors, which connection has continued 
 ever since, with but a short intermission ; and during most 
 of the time he has been its editor. Mr. Faran has not ap- 
 peared as one of the editors of his paper for several years, 
 and has long since lost his political aspirations ; but in 
 every field in which he has figured he has been exception- 
 ally successful ; and, although he has acquired a consider- 
 able fortune, he still holds his proprietary interest in the 
 Enquirer, to which he daily gives his attention. His per- 
 sonal appearance is very fine, and his bearing dignified and 
 courteous; and, although long a politician, he is left with- 
 out a scar ; few men assuming so little to themselves and 
 standing so deservedly high in the estimation of the public. 
 
 U |lf|^ORTHINGTON, HENRY, Senior member of the 
 g J' III firm of Worthington, Power & Fee, Leaf Tobacco 
 (bliliP Merchants, Cincinnati, was born in Mason county, 
 Kentucky, on .September 1st, 1826, and for ten 
 c) years past has been a large and successful dealer 
 
 in leaf tobacco in all the American markets for 
 that staple, with head-quarters in Cincinnati. Joseph 
 Power, of the firm, is a native of Bracken county, Ken- 
 tucky ; a young man of great energy and activity, and for 
 his age perhaps the largest operator in tobacco in America. 
 
 ITHERSPOON, REV. ORLANDO, Presbyter of 
 the Protestant Episcopal Church, son of Samuel F. 
 and Eliza Witherspoon, was born in Rochester, 
 New York, P’ebruary 4th, 1837. He graduated 
 at Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, in 
 1856. He studied theology at Berkley Divinity 
 School, in Middletown, Connecticut, and was there or- 
 dained Deacon by Bishop Williams, in May, 1859. From 
 that time until May, i860, he was Assistant Minister at 
 Trinity Church, New Haven, Connecticut, when he became 
 Rector of St. John’s Church, Buffalo, New York. In July, 
 1868, St. John’s Church was partially destroyed by fire, 
 which led to a division of sentiment in the congregation as 
 to the rebuilding of the edifice or its removal to another 
 site. A portion of the congregation separated and formed 
 a new parish, under the name of Christ Church, of which 
 he became Rector in March, 1869. This position he re- 
 signed on E.aster day, 1875, and the following Sunday, 
 April 4th, became Rector of St. Paul’s Church, Cincinnati, 
 Ohio. He was for many years Secretary of the Standing 
 Committee of the Diocese of Western New York. He is 
 the author of a “ Manual on the Canons of the Protestant 
 
BIOGRArmCAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 551 
 
 Episcopal Church;” of “A Course of Sunday-School In- 
 structions,” in eight volumes ; of several musical works ; 
 and of other minor publications. Mr. Witherspoon is a 
 ready and able writer, an elegant conversationalist, and a 
 fluent and eloquent speaker. Standing six feet in his shoes, 
 and weighing two hundred pounds, with a fine face and 
 head, he presents an admirable appearance, at once placing 
 him on good terms with his audience. lie is only in the 
 prime of life, and may reasonably look forward to a long- 
 extended and useful career. On December 12th, i860, he 
 was married to Cora V. Taylor, third daughter of Alexan- 
 der Taylor, of Cardenas, Cuba. 
 
 OLLIER, THOMAS WILLIS, Editor and Pub- 
 lisher, was born, April 22d, 1S44, in Carrollton, 
 Ohio, of American parentage and English lin- 
 eage. In 1852 his parents removed to Cadiz, 
 where he attended school for about a year, and 
 when nine years old went into a printing office 
 to learn the trade, his father having been a newspaper man. 
 He remained so engaged, with the exception of a year, until 
 the outbreak of the civil war. He enlisted as a private in 
 the 1 6th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry — three months’ 
 service — and when honorably discharged re-enlisted as a 
 private for the war, and rose from the ranks to the succes- 
 sive grades of Second Lieutenant, Eirst Lieutenant, and 
 Adjutant, and finally as Captain. He served from Novem- 
 ber, 1S61, until September, 1S65, when he was honorably 
 discharged. On his return home he removed to Coshocton, 
 where, in September, 1866, he purchased the Coshocton 
 A^e, which he has conducted ever since. He has been a 
 Republican in politics, and has been Postmaster of Coshoc- 
 ton since 1869, being appointed to that office by President 
 Grant. He has been a hard worker throughout his life, 
 and has attained his present position by dint of industry, 
 energy, and perseverance. He was married, April 14th, 
 1864, to Kate Rinehait, of New Philadelphia, Ohio. 
 
 URT, ANDREW GANO, Banker, was born at 
 Natchez, Mississippi, May 21st, 1810, while his 
 parents were temporarily residing there. His 
 father came to Cincinnati from Massachusetts, 
 and shortly afterwards was married to Sarah, the 
 oldest daughter of the late General John S. 
 Gano. He was a nephew of the late Major Daniel Gano, 
 also of Cincinnati, to which city his parents returned from the 
 South soon after his birth. He received a fair education in 
 the schools of that city, and commenced business as a Clerk 
 in the County Court. Afterwards he held a position in the 
 office of the Miami Exporting Company. On the failure 
 of this company he established the banking house of Burt & 
 
 Green, and on the dissolution of this firm, about 1856, he 
 organized the banking house of A. G. Burt & Co., taking 
 into partnership Mr. John T. Hooper. This new firm was 
 prosperous for many years, his excellent judgment and 
 .sound sense guiding them through the trying times of 1857 
 and 1861. A year or two before his death the failure of a 
 New York house, of which he was Cincinnati correspond- 
 ent, seriously embarrassed him, and caused him to make an 
 arrangement with his creditors. On this occasion he dis- 
 played many of his most admirable qualities. He was a 
 thorough gentleman, keenly alive to the demands of a most 
 exacting sense of honor, and he bore his troubles with a 
 pride which was born not less of the knowledge that he had 
 done everything which the severest justice could demand, 
 than of a lofty hope and purpose of repairing his broken 
 fortunes. Had he lived there is no reason to doubt that he 
 would have realized his expectations. His judgment of 
 men was rarely at fault; his sense of honor was acute and 
 delicate ; his word was as good as his bond, and he was 
 generous to a fault. He was extremely fond of books, and 
 his reading covered a wide range. He was especially de- 
 voted to art, and many Cincinnati art expositions were 
 enriched by contributions from his collection, which was 
 one of the finest about that city. In his domestic relations 
 he was singularly tender and indulgent. He left a widow 
 — who was Ann Green Thompson, to whom he was married 
 in 1832 — and seven children, five of whom are married, 
 and all but one of whom are residing in Cincinnati. One 
 of his sons is still engaged in the banking house, yet bearing 
 the firm-name of A. G. Burt & Co. Mr. Burt’s personal 
 appearance was very fine; his bearing courtly. He seemed 
 almost to belong to a former age, and might have stepped 
 back into the customs of the last century and found himself 
 at home. He died January 28th, 1874. 
 
 ©?|r INSLEY, WILLIAM, Architect, was born, Febru- 
 ary 7th, 1804, at Clonmel, in the county of Tip- 
 pcraiy, Ireland, and is the son of Thomas Tinsley, 
 a master builder by profession. He is of English 
 extraction, the Tinsleys having left England 
 about the time of Cromwell ; and his father’s 
 maternal ancestry were Irish — the Mocklers of Mocklers- 
 town — who left the country when James the Second fled, 
 W'illiam was educated in the day schools of his native town 
 until he was about sixteen, and he was then received into 
 his elder brother John’s establishment, where he was placed 
 under the various foremen of the different divisions of house 
 and church con.struction. He received instruction from his 
 brother in architectural drawing, and akso in mathematical 
 and landscape drawing from the ])rofessors at the endowed 
 school. When he was about twenty-one years old his 
 brother John died, and he took his ])lnce and turned to 
 account the knowledge and experience he had acquired. 
 
552 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENXYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 The first work he undertook was a design for a large linen 
 hall ; then followed frame houses and offices, cottage resi- 
 dences, and county churches. Some of the latter he built 
 on the plans of the Diocesan architect. Soon, however, he 
 was employed on more important works, e. g., mansions for 
 the gentry in the old English castellated and Italian styles. 
 Among these, Tulamane Castle, Lakefield House, etc. He 
 occasionally submitted his design to the Diocesan architect, 
 and had the benefit of his instruction. He also frequently 
 visited and made sketches of the ecclesiastical and castel- 
 lated remains so plentiful in every part of the country. 
 When he was thirty-eight years old he was appointed by 
 Right Rev. Robert Daly, Bishop of Cashel, etc., to the posi- 
 tion of Diocesan Architect (which post he filled acceptably 
 until his emigration to the United States) ; shortly after- 
 wards Architect to the Marquis of Waterford ; and about 
 the same time a similar position was tendered him by the 
 Earl of Glengale, to rebuild a large portion of the town of 
 Cahir, a few miles from Clonmel. The general stagnation 
 in business succeeding the failure of the crops in 1847, and 
 the attempted rebellion in 1848, caused these noblemen, 
 with others of his patrons, to cease improvements, and this 
 led him to turn his attention to America. With his large 
 family he left Ireland, and reached the United States in the 
 autumn of 1 85 1, settling in Cincinnati. He found, how- 
 ever, the style and character of building so entirely different 
 from that which obtains in the British isles, that he could 
 not be prevailed upon to conform to the tlien American 
 style of false and flimsy construction. When soon after he 
 had an opportunity of submitting a design for the North- 
 western Christian University, at Indianapolis, which was 
 the successful one in the competition, he removed thither, 
 and while a resident of that city was employed as architect 
 and builder of several universities, colleges, churches, and 
 residences, for the period of five years. He then returned 
 to Cincinnati, where he has since resided. Among his late 
 professional works may be mentioned St. Paul’s Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, Cincinnati; the Institution for the Blind, 
 at Columbus; the Knox County Infirmary; beside numbers 
 of churches, residences, etc. While a resident of Ireland 
 his political views were of the liberal conservative party, 
 while in the United States very decidedly Union. Three 
 of his sons aided in the restoration of the Union authorities 
 during the late civil war, two of them as belligerents, and 
 one — Rev. Charles Tinsley — in the hospital service. His 
 religious belief is that taught by the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, although his children were all brought up in the 
 United Church of England and Ireland. He has been 
 thrice married. When about twenty-three years of age he 
 was united to a lady of his own age ; in two years he was a 
 childless widower, her child and herself were interred on 
 the second anniversary of their union. The following year 
 he married the cousin of his first wife, and during the 
 twenty-seven years of this married life thirteen children 
 were born to him. She died in Indianapolis, leaving ten 
 
 children living, two only of whom were capable of helping 
 themselves. Shortly prior to his return to Cincinnati he 
 married a third time, as his young family of children needed 
 care and aid in their education, especially as the nature of 
 his business required him to be frequently absent from 
 home. Three other children have been born to him from 
 this union. He has had the assistance of several of his sons 
 in his office. Among these. Rev. Charles Tinsley aided 
 him until he entered the ministry. His second son gave 
 promise of taste and ability ; but while engaged on a model 
 of the Probasco House, died after a few days’ illness, on the 
 day after he had attained his majority. P'ive other sons 
 were for some time in his office under instructions, of whom 
 four went into other occupations ; one only, Thomas 
 Richard, the sixth son (whose biographical sketch appears 
 in this volume), persevered in the .study of architecture, 
 and is now Architect to the Commissioners of the Central 
 Ohio Lunatic Asylum, and of other buildings in Columbus, 
 Ohio. Of his daughters, one is the wife of the Vicar of 
 Kilrouan, Ireland; a second is married to a lawyer in In- 
 diana; while a third has been for three years past laboring 
 as a missionary at Lucknow, in the East Indies. Three 
 other daughters and one son are at their father’s house on 
 Mount Auburn, Cincinnati. Although he has entered upon 
 his seventy-third year, he is yet capable of producing orig- 
 inal designs, the offspring of his brain and the handiwork 
 of his pencil. 
 
 IHTTLE.SEY, CHARLES, Soldier and Geologist, 
 born in Southington, Connecticut, October 4th, 
 1808, and is the son of Asaph Whittlesey, of that 
 town. When he was but four years of age, dur- 
 ing his father’s .absence in the West, he was sent 
 to the country school “ to be out of harm’s way.” 
 In 1813 his family removed to Talmadge, Summit county, 
 Ohio, where he again attended school and worked on the 
 farm until he was appointed, in 1827, a cadet at W'est Point. 
 In 1S32 he graduated with honor, and was made Brevet 
 Second Lieutenant in the 5th United States Infantry. 
 While a cadet at West Point a cadet from the South was 
 under sentence of death for striking a superior officer, and 
 while waiting the approval of the sentence at Washington, 
 was confined in the prison. Cadet Whittlesey was standing 
 guard outside, and when his back was turned the prisoner 
 sprang out, caught the sentry’s musket, and placed a loaded 
 pistol at his ear ; but Whittlesey disregarded the pistol and 
 the order to keep quiet, called for the corporal of the guard, 
 and wEen the prisoner ran, pursued him, and was about to 
 pierce him with the bayonet, when a relief caught the pris- 
 oner. In 1833 he served in the Black Hawk w'ar, and 
 then resigned to devote himself to civil and mining engin- 
 eering and geology. In 1838, during the Florida war, and 
 again in 1846, during the Mexican war, he offered his ser- 
 vices to the government as a soldier, but they were not 
 
BIOGRAI'HICAL ENCVCLOIGEDIA. 
 
 553 
 
 deemed necessary. In 1S37 he was appointed on the 
 geological survey of Ohio, and fur two years labored assid- 
 uously in the work of ascertaining and locating the mineral 
 resources of the State of Ohio. After two years the Legis- 
 lature was so economical as to have the survey abandoned, 
 but the results attained have been of vast benefit to north- 
 eastern Ohio, by disclosing the rich coal and iron fields 
 which have made that portion of the State prosperous and 
 populous. During five years, commencing in 1847, he was 
 employed by the United States government to survey the 
 country around Lake .Superior and the upper Mississippi, in 
 reference to mines and minerals. I.ater, he spent much 
 time exploring the mineral districts of the Lake .Superior 
 basin. Still later, the State of Wisconsin employed him, 
 from the year 1858 to the breaking out of the war in 1861, 
 to make a geological survey of that .State. In all, he spent 
 fifteen years on the waters of Lake .Superior and the upper 
 Mississippi. All of his work was thorough, and the devel- 
 opment of the mineral resources of the locations he exam- 
 ined furnish the strongest proofs of his scientific ability. 
 When President I.incoln was threatened with violence on 
 his entry into Washington, in February, 1861, Mr. Whittle- 
 sey enrolled himself a member of one of the military com- 
 panies that tendered their services for the occasion. lie 
 urged the State authorities to put Ohio into a state of mili- 
 tary preparation, and two days after the President’s proc- 
 lamation of April I5lh, l 85 l, he joined the Governor’s 
 staff as Assistant Quartermaster-General. He served as 
 State Military Engineer, in western Virginia, with the Ohio 
 three months’ troops, under the command of Generals 
 McClellan, Cox, and Hill. On July 17th, 1861, on the 
 Kanawha, his horse was wounded under him ; but on that 
 occasion he showed the coolness and courage of his cadet 
 days when guarding the prisoner at West Point. At the 
 expiration of three months he was made Colonel of the 20th 
 Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was detailed by 
 General O. M. Mitchel as Chief Engineer of the Depart- 
 ment of the Ohio. His regiment was composed of men of 
 the highest intelligence, and was brought to an exceptional 
 state of discipline without severe measures. They enlisted 
 before there were bounties or drafts. As Chief Engineer 
 he planned and constructed the defences of Cincinnati, and 
 in September, 1862, he volunteered to defend it on the 
 approach of a hostile army. In the winter of 1861 he was 
 placed in command of Owen, Grant, Carroll, and Gallatin 
 counties, Kentucky, which were in danger of rebel out- 
 breaks. He preserved order and at the same time won the 
 respect of both the Union and rebel citizens, as shown by 
 the public expressions of regret when his departure took 
 place. He was present with his regiment at the capture of 
 Fort Donelson, and on the morning of the surrender the 
 prisoners were placed in his charge by General Grant, with 
 orders to convey them to St. Louis. His attention to the 
 unfortunate men evoked from them a letter of warm thanks 
 for his chivalric courtesy and kindness. On the second day 
 70 
 
 of the battle of Shiloh he commanded the 3d Brigade of 
 General Wallace's Division, composed of the 20lh, 56th, 
 76th, and 78th regiments. This brigade and its commander 
 received special and honorable mention in the official 
 reports of that battle. After the battle of Shiloh he sent in 
 his resignation, which his failing health and the critical 
 condition of his wife required. General Grant indorsed his 
 application for resignation with these words: “We cannot 
 afford to lose so good an officer.” Very soon after leaving 
 the army he made further explorations in the Lake Superior 
 and upper Missi.ssippi basins. To his efforts were due the 
 organization and success of the Western Reserve Historical 
 Society, of which he was President, and whose collections 
 of historic relics, geological specimens, and works relating 
 to the early history of the State are extensive and valuable. 
 He is quoted extensively as an authority in most of the 
 standard geological and anthropological works of America 
 and Europe, especially as to the Mound Builders of the 
 Ohio and Mississippi valleys. His published works are 
 “Geological Reports of Ohio,” 1838-39; “ United States 
 Geological Surveys of the Upper Mississipiii,” D. D. Owen, 
 1847, 1849; “United States Geological Surveys of Upper 
 Peninsula of Michigan,” Foster & Whitney, 1850, 1851; 
 “ Life of John Fitch, Spark’s American Biograjihy,” new 
 series, volume vi., 1845; “Fugitive Essays,” mainly histor- 
 ical, 'published at Hudson, Ohio, 8vo., pp. 357, 1854; and 
 in the “ Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge — Ancient 
 Works of Ohio,” 1852; “Fluctuation of Lake Levels,” 
 i860; “Ancient Mining on Lake Superior,” 1863; “ P'resh 
 Water Glacial Drift,” 1866; “An Essay on the Mineral 
 Resources of the Rocky Mountains,” 1863; “The Early 
 History of Cleveland,” in 1866; and forty or fifty essays, 
 reports, and pamphlets, also numerous and valuable articles 
 in newspapers and scientific journals. On whatever subject 
 he has written he has succeeded in enlisting the attention 
 of the reader and in giving him much valuable matter for 
 reflection. He is still President of the Western Reserve 
 Historical Society. 
 
 Hughes. 
 
 ONNER, PHINEAS SANBORN, M. D., Pro- 
 fessor of Anatomy and Clinical Surgery in the 
 Medical College of Ohio, was born at West Ches- 
 ter, Pennsylvania, August 23d, 1839. His parents 
 having moved to Cincinnati, he entered Ccntial 
 High School in 1850. In 1855 he graduated at 
 In August of the same year he entered Dart- 
 mouth College. He remained in Dartmouth four years, 
 and graduated in 1859. In 1858 he attended lectures at 
 the Medical College of Ohio, and in the winter of i860 at 
 Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. In March, 1861, 
 he graduated at the latter institution. On November 25ih 
 of the .same year he was appointed Acting Assistant .Sur- 
 geon in the United States army. April l6lh, 1862, he was 
 appointed Assistant Surgeon. In March, 1S66, he was 
 
554 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 bievetled Captain and Major, and in August of this year 
 resigned his position in the army, and located in Cincinnati. 
 He was appointed Professor of Surgery in the Cincinnati 
 College of Medicine and Surgery for the sessions of 1866 
 and 1867. This position he resigned in 1867, to take that 
 of Professor of Chemistry in the Medical College of Ohio. 
 In 1S69 he was transferred to the Chair of Surgical Anatomy 
 in the same institution, which he held until the regular 
 session of 1875-76, when he was appointed Professor of 
 Anatomy and Clinical Surgeiy. Dr. Conner is one of the 
 surgeons to the Good Samaritan and the Cincinnati Hospi- 
 tals, and member of the American Medical Association, 
 the Ohio State Medical Society, Cincinnati Academy of 
 Medicine, Cincinnati Society of Natural History, Historical 
 and Philosophical Society of Ohio, corresponding member 
 of the Meigs and Mason County Medical Society and of the 
 Gynecological Society, of Boston, Massachusetts. 
 
 TIOMPSON, JAMES HENRV, was born near 
 Harrodsburg, Mercer county, Kentucky, Septem- 
 ber 27th, 1812. He was the third child in a 
 family of ten children, whose parents were John 
 B. Thompson and N.incy P. (Robards) Thomp- 
 son. His parents were both Virginians by birth, 
 and in the latter part of the last century immigrated to Ken- 
 tucky with their parents, John Thompson and George 
 Robbards, who settled at the head-waters of Shawnee 
 Springs, on contiguous farms, and both of whom were ca]3- 
 tains in the revolutionary army. The father of the subject 
 of this sketch followed through life the profession of law, 
 and achieved an enviable reputation as a legal practitioner 
 and as a local statesman in Kentucky; he died at an early 
 age in 1832, leaving surviving him his wife, Nancy P. 
 Thompson, who died in February, 1870. James H. 
 Thompson, on the father's side, was of English and Scotch 
 blood, and on the mother’s side, of Welsh and Huguenot 
 blood. He is the brother of the late Hon. John B. Thomp- 
 son, United States Senator from Kentucky, and Philip B. 
 Thompson, one of the leading spirits of the Harrodsburg, 
 Kentucky, bar. In his seventeenth year, being then well 
 advanced in the classics and mathematics, he assumed the 
 role of educator, and engaged in teaching school in Jessa- 
 mine county, Kentucky, which occupation engrossed his 
 attention for the ensuing three years ; and through these 
 
 years his leisure hours were devoted to the readiirg of law 
 and general literature; and during the time of his teaching 
 he educated O. Singleton, member of Congress from Missis- 
 sippi, and Samuel 11 . Woodson, late member of Congress 
 from Missouri. On the 7th of .'\pril, 183 1, after passing suc- 
 cessfully through the ordeal of an examination, he was ad- 
 mitted to the bar, and in the same year he became Sheriff 
 of Jessamine county, Kentucky, by the purchase of the 
 office from the High Sheriff, according to the laws of the 
 
 State at that time, and thus virtually becoming Sheriff, he 
 discharged the duties of that office for a period of two years. 
 In 1833 he entered upon the active practice of his profe.s- 
 sion at Nicholasville, Jessamine county, Kentucky, and 
 was thus professionally engaged until 1835, ''''hen he was 
 induced to remove to Versailles, Woodford county, Ken- 
 tucky, on account of the devastation of the bar at the latter 
 place by the cholera. In Versailles, and in partnership 
 with the Hon. William B. Kinkaid, he practised his profes- 
 sion with great success until September, 1837, when he was 
 married to Eliza J. Trimble, of Hillsborough, Ohio, the only 
 daughter of ex-Governor Allen Trimble, deceased ; and 
 after marriage, having occupied the winter of 1837-38 in 
 studying the Ohio laws and decisions, he was admitted to 
 practise law in Ohio, at Batavia, Clermont county, Ohio, A- 
 pril 10, 1838, and admitted to practise in the Supreme Court 
 of the United States on the 20th of January, 1854. In the 
 latter part of 1838 he settled in Cincinnati, and opened a 
 law office on Third street, where he remained until 1842, 
 when, on account of his own health and the health of his 
 family, he removed to Hillsborough, Highland county, 
 Ohio, where he has ever since resided, and has con- 
 tinued the practice of his profession. From this point as a 
 centre he has been engaged in a large circuit practice in 
 five surrounding counties, also in the Circuit and District 
 Court of the United States for Ohio, and in the Supreme 
 Court of that State ; in the reports of this court his name 
 and arguments appear, as coi n .el from 1840 to 1876, as 
 many times, if not more, as are the number of the volumes 
 of the reports. His greatest reputation in his profession has 
 been achieved as a land lawyer in the complex titles of the 
 Virginia Military District, and as a criminal lawyer, in 
 which last capacity he has been engaged chiefly in the de- 
 fence of those accused of crime from treason, including more 
 than twenty-five cases of homicide, through the whole cata- 
 logue of criminal offences. In his time he has appeared 
 before moVe than thirty judges, of the various courts, now 
 deceased. He is now Register in Bankruptcy in his dis- 
 trict, and has been since 1S67, by the unanimous solicitation 
 of the bar of his whole district. He is still actively engaged 
 in the practice of his jirofession. In politics an old-line 
 Whig, in 1840 he ardently supported General Harrison. In 
 1S44 he took an active and prominent part in favor of Mr. 
 Clay, su|iported General Taylor, and in the last Whig Con- 
 vention at Baltimore, as a Delegate, urged the nomin.ation 
 of General Scott. After the dissolution of the Whig parly, 
 he sustained Bell and Everett ; then, after the commence- 
 ment of the war, he threw his influence to the Republican 
 party, and throughout the war took an active part as one of 
 the military committeemen of hi's State, in helping to sustain 
 the Union army. Since the war he has acted with the Re- 
 publican party, and h.as been and still is a zealous supporter 
 of President Grant.' He h.as taken an active and liberal part 
 in all public improvements tending to enhance the interests 
 of his county and town, and has contributed liberally 16 
 
EIOGRAPIIICAL ENCYCLOP.^iDIA. 
 
 555 
 
 every public edifice in Ilillsborougli. Mr. Thompson and 
 his family are, in llieir religious faith, adherents to the doc- 
 trines of the Methodist Episcopal Chinch, of which c'liurch 
 his son, the late Allen T. Thompson, was a distinguished 
 minister. Mr. Thompson, after an experience of forty-four 
 years, is now relaxing himself from the pursuit of his pro- 
 fessional duties for a time, and proposes to offer in a year, 
 as a tribute to his profession, a volume to be entitled, “ The 
 Circuit Lawyer of the United States in the Nineteenth Cen- 
 tury.” The materials for this work are at hand, and are 
 now in rapid combination and preparation for the press. 
 
 - 
 
 ILSON, REV. WILLIAM, D. D., LL. D., Cler- 
 gyman, was born, December 25th, 1803, in 
 I' indrum, parish of Raphoe, county of Donegal, 
 Ireland, and was a son of John and Lillie Ann 
 Wilson. The family emigrated to the Lbiited 
 States in 1823, taking up their residence in New 
 York city, and became attendants of the Reformed Presby- 
 terian Church, during the pastorates of Reverend Drs. 
 Alexander and John N. McLeod, having already been 
 members of that communion for many previous years. 
 AVilliam enjoyed the advantages of some of the best classi- 
 cal schools, and he gained the front rank in scholarship. 
 He then entered Union College, and graduated from that 
 institution in the class of 1827. Being early designed for 
 the ministry, he prepared to enter the Theological Seminary 
 of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, and accordingly 
 joined the class of 1827-28, in that institution in Philadel- 
 phia, where he was favored with the instructions of that 
 eminent scholar and divine, the late Rev. Dr. Samuel B. 
 Wylie, who was also distinguished for his varied learning 
 and erudition, and who filled for so many years the Chair, 
 of Ancient Languages in the University of Pennsylvania, 
 and occupied also the office of Vice-Provost in that ancient 
 institution. On June 16th, 1831, he was licensed to preach 
 by the Presbytery of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, and 
 being subsequently ordained to the ministry, he travelled for 
 some time as a domestic missionary. In 1833 he accepted 
 a call from the Reformed Presbyterian Church at Milton, 
 Pennsylvania, to which place he removed, and remained 
 there until the summer of 1837. He labored there abun- 
 dantly, and in addition to the duties of his pastorate, taught 
 the Milton Academy with success, and also edited the 
 American Christian Instructor, a monthly periodical, to 
 which he was an extensive contributor. He resigned his 
 charge at Milton, and returned to New York city, for the 
 purpose of establishing a literary institution of high order 
 on Staten Island. In 1838 he received from the Legisla- 
 ture a charter for and established the Richmond College. 
 By his own exertions a fund of 840,000 was subscribed, and 
 a site for the buildings decided upon. The financial calam- 
 ities of those days finally caused the failure of his plans. I 
 
 He then removed with his family to Cincinnati, where he 
 passed the remainder of his life. He there became the 
 pastor of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, George street, 
 and subsequently took charge of the Church of the Cove- 
 nanters, in which he remained until his death. In 1853 he 
 received the honoiary degree of Doctor of Divinity from 
 Franklin College, Ohio; and subsequently that of Doctor 
 of Laws from another institution. He was a member of the 
 Evangelical Alliance from its origin, and went to the city 
 of London to aid in its organization. He attended the 
 first meeting held there, and made one of the most able 
 speeches delivered on the floor. He was a naturalized citi- 
 zen of the United States, and when the civil war broke out 
 was a firm supporter of the cause of his adopted country. 
 He wrote and spoke for the government under President 
 Lincoln. He was a personal friend of the latter, and often 
 visited him in Washington city during the four years’ war. 
 He was well informed on political matters. On one occa- 
 sion Mr. Lincoln inquired if he could not give him some 
 office, to which Dr. Wilson replied that he already held the 
 highest office on earth — that of the Christian ministry ; but, 
 on November 17th, 1S63, the President made out and signed 
 a commission for him as Chaplain in the army of the re- 
 public. At the close of the war Dr. Wilson remained 
 mostly at home, entirely occupied with his ministerial duties. 
 He possessed a mind of unusual power, and stored with 
 learning. He was stern and resolute, and could with diffi- 
 culty brook opposition to his plans. In the pulpit his ear- 
 nestness and sternness sometimes approached the boisterous. 
 He w'rote much, and made many contributions to various 
 church and literary journals. Among his works may be 
 named the following : ” The Blessedness of the Nation 
 whose God is the Lord ; ” “ Ministerial Heroism ; ” “ The 
 Man for the Hour;” “The Cause of the United .States;” 
 “ The Curse of Meroz; ” “A Nation Nonplussed ; ” “ The 
 Day of .Small Things;” “Democracy versus Doulo- 
 cracy.” He was also a contributor to Ike Presbyterian 
 Witness. During the winter of 1872 he fell and w'as se- 
 riously injured ; .from this he never fully recovered. He 
 died December 9th, 1873, as only a Christian can do, being 
 assured that he would be more than a conqueror. He was 
 married in 1853 to Anne Campbell, who survives him with 
 their only child. 
 
 |ERRY, ARCHIBALD, w.as born in Strafford 
 county. New Hampshire, his ancestors. Berry and 
 Drake, from England, being among the early 
 settlers of the colony. His early education was 
 obtained in the best schools wdlhin reach, and from 
 these he entered D.irtmouth College. In conse 
 quence of ill health he left college in his so]ihomore year 
 intending to spend a year West and .South, and then to rc 
 turn. But he relinqidshed the idea of returning to college 
 and studied dentistry under an able preceptor at Quincy 
 
556 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 Illinois, after which he engaged in the practice of his pro- 
 fession in Hinds county, Mississippi. Having attended 
 lectures at the Ohio College of Dental Surgery, he was 
 graduated at that institution in 1846. A short time subse- 
 quent to his graduation, Dr. Berry and Amelia Looker, 
 daughter of the late J. H. Looker, of Cincinnati, were mar- 
 ried. Resolving to make Cincinnati his home, he shortly 
 after purchased the good-will and office of Dr. P. Knowlton, 
 and associated with him the late W. B. Ross, D. D. S., of 
 Newport, Kentucky, and continued in the old office two 
 years. Dr. Berry then yielding to the fascination of the 
 South, returned there, and resumed the practice of his pro- 
 fession in Mississippi, where he was engaged until 1853, 
 when he returned North. After recruiting his health by a 
 sojourn in the region of Lake Superior, he .spent six months 
 in practice in Covington, Kentucky, and then opened an 
 office in Cincinnati. As before, at urgent requests from 
 his friends and patients in Mississippi, he revisited them in 
 the fall of 1854, and remained there in good practice until 
 the war came on. Now'came trouble on account of loyalty 
 to the Union, but he was kindly succored, when in immi- 
 nent danger, by the citizens of the town of Raymond, where 
 he resided, the Home Guard of which proffered to him pro- 
 tection, which was afterward promptly given, and kept him 
 from passing to the spiritual world, when apparently on its 
 threshold. But he attributes his survival of the peril 
 mainly to his being a member of a fraternity whose princi- 
 ])les inculcate doing right without hope of fee or reward. 
 In 1S63 Dr, Berry found his way to Cincinnati, and again 
 bought the office and good-will of Dr. Knowlton, and has 
 remained there in practice to the present time. He was 
 one of the founders of the Mississippi Valley Dental Asso- 
 ciation, the oldest dental society on the earth, and has 
 zealously continued in his efforts to advance the interests of 
 his profession, through the instrumentalities of associated 
 influence, the press, and educational institutions, 
 
 t 'lBOLL, ALONZO COLLINS, Lawyer, was born, 
 December 3d, 1S22, in Columbia county, Penn- 
 sylvania. He is the third of eleven children of 
 
 Virgil Miller Diboll and Philena Collins. His 
 
 0.’’ V o ^ 
 
 b father was a native of Rensselaer county. New 
 
 ^ York, a physician and surgeon, who moved to 
 
 Ohio in 1834, locating in Brown county. Dr. Diboll went 
 to Hamilton county, Indiana, in 1843, and returned to Ohio 
 in 1852, settling in Adams county. In 1859 he took up his 
 residence in Wilmington, Clinton county, where he died in 
 1870. The mother of the subject of this sketch was a na- 
 tive of Connecticut and a daughter of I.ewis Collins. She 
 died in Adams county in 1856. Alonzo Collins was favored 
 with a home training, which fitted him for the active respon- 
 sibilities of life. He attended school in winter and busied 
 
 himself on the farm in summer. In the meantime he turned 
 his spare hours to profit, reading books of a solid character, 
 and improving his mind with whatever good reading came 
 in his way. At the age of eighteen years he was sufficiently 
 advanced to take charge of a school in Brown county, Ohio. 
 For the next five years he taught and attended school, fitting 
 himself to make a profession of teaching. He subsequently 
 determined to adopt the law as his profession. Continuing 
 to teach, he devoted his leisure to reading law. In 1852 he 
 was admitted to the bar, and immediately entered upon the 
 practice of his profession at West Union, Adams county, 
 Ohio. He remained at West Union until 1854, when he 
 removed to Wilmington, Clinton county, \vhere he has since 
 resided. The energy and perseverance which enabled Mr. 
 Diboll to acquire his profession have made it possible for 
 him to acquire a paying practice. In 1856 he was elected 
 Mayor of Wilmington, being re-elected for the following 
 term. In 1874 he was prevailed upon once more to accept 
 the Mayoralty. For two years he was Prosecuting Attorney 
 for Clinton county. Mr. Diboll is a Republican. P'or fif- 
 teen years he has been a member of the Christian Church. 
 In 1845 he married Rachel Young, daughter of Thomas 
 Young, a Scotch Presbyterian and native of the north of 
 Ireland, and an early pioneer of Brown county. 
 
 p-llUDKINS, JESSE PARKER, M. D., an eminent 
 ' « Surgeon, was born at Mount Pleasant, Jefferson 
 
 ^11 county, Ohio, in 1815. He was a half-brother of 
 
 the late Dr. William Judkins, and was descended 
 from a Quaker family, whose names have been 
 identified with medicine for more than a century. 
 His school and collegiate education was obtained at Can- 
 lonsburg and Steubenville, Ohio, and his medical education 
 in the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati, from which he 
 graduated in 1838. In the following year he accepted, 
 from that institution, an appointment as Demonstrator of 
 Anatomy, at the same time opening his office in Cincinnati 
 for the practice of his profession. In 1847 6e went to 
 Columbus to become Professor of Anatomy in Starling 
 Medical College, which position he filled until 1852, when 
 he accepted the Professorship of Descriptive Surgery in 
 Miami Medical College, and returned to Cincinnati. He was 
 .-.-Ue .-tioTifTPrl fn the denartment of Special Patholony, 
 
 but his connection with that institution remained intact until 
 his death, over fifteen years. In 1853 he visited Euiope 
 for the purpose of giving his attention to the study of suigety 
 among the great lights of the old world, and passed some 
 time in all the famous European hospitals. In 1864 the loss 
 of his elder brother, Robert, preyed so strongly on his mind 
 that his health was seriously affected. From this shock he 
 never seemed to recover, and was consequently never so 
 active in his professional duties. He was eminently suc- 
 cessful, acquired a considerable fortune from an extraordi- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 557 
 
 narily large practice, and stood in the front rank of his 
 profession. On December 6th, 1S67, at the age of fifty- 
 three, he died of softening of the brain. 
 
 ^ MITII, HON. HENRY W., Lawyer, was born on 
 April 6th, 1814, in the town of Whitestown, 
 Oneida county. New York. His ancestors were 
 from Great Britain, and settled in Massachusetts 
 and Connecticut in the early days of our colonial 
 history. He was educated in the common s.hools 
 principally, although he attended the academy at Champion 
 and the Rensselaer Oswego Academy in New York. When 
 he was three years old his father, who was a farmer, moved 
 to Jefferson county, in the State of New York. Henry was 
 raised on a farm, working summers and going to the com- 
 mon schools in the winters. His leisure time w'as spent in 
 study and reading while on the farm. In May, 1838, he 
 emigrated to Ohio, and stopped at Circleville. In June 
 following he commenced the study of law with H. N. 
 Hedges, Esq., with whom he remained about one year. 
 He completed his study of law wdth G. Y.'. Doan, Esq. 
 In June, 1840, he was admitted to the bar by the Supreme 
 Court, at Delaware, Ohio. Shortly afterw'ards he settled in 
 London, in Madison county, Ohio, where he has resided 
 ever since and has been engaged in the practice of his pro- 
 fession. He was elected Prosecuting Attorney in the fall 
 of 1840, in 1842 and in 1844, thus holding the office for six 
 consecutive years, the last term expiring in 1846. In 1858 
 he was appointed to fill a vacancy in the same office, by the 
 court; in the fall of i860 he was again elected thereto for 
 two years, and yet again in 1864. The duties were per- 
 formed by him during all that time to the satisfaction of the 
 court and the people. His business in his profession has 
 been extensive and lucrative; he has acquired a compe- 
 tence and has raised a large family. He commenced poor, 
 without money or friend,?, but he soon acquired both. In 
 his politics Mr. .Smith belonged to the old Whig jrarty as 
 long as it lasted, and in 1856 he became a member of the 
 Republican party, and has always remained a consistent 
 and active member of that parly to the present lime. In 
 the fall of 1848 he w'as elected a member of the House of 
 Representatives of the General Assembly of Ohio, for the 
 counties of Madison, Clarke and Champaign, and was re- 
 elected in 1849. Luring his legislative service, in the 
 winters of 1848-49 and in 1849-50, he was an active and 
 useful member, and originated and carried through a great 
 reform in the law of evidence. Prior to that time, by the 
 law of evidence, neither parties in an action at law, nor 
 any person, having any pecuniary interest, in the event of a 
 suit, could be witnesses. The law seemed to be based on 
 the theory', that a witness who had a pecuniary interest, 
 large or small, in the event of a suit, would be tempted to, 
 and often would, commit perjury, and hence parties to a 
 
 suit could not testify, nor any person having a pecuniary in- 
 terest, in the event of a suit at law. Mr. .Smith, early in 
 the session of 1848-49, introduced a bill “ To improve the 
 law of evidence,” providing that parties to actions at law 
 might call each other as witnesses, and that a pecuniary in- 
 terest, in the event of a suit, should not disqualify a person 
 from being a witness. The bill, after its second reading, 
 was referred to Mr. Smith and the Hon. George E. Pugh as 
 a select committee. On the 21st of February, 1849, 
 Smith of said committee made an elaborate report on the 
 bill, which was ordered to be printed. The report can be 
 found in the “Appendix to the House Journal,” session of 
 1848-49, page 185. This proposed reform was so bold and 
 radical, in striking down rules venerable for their antiquity, 
 that many members hesitated, although the report in fav'or 
 of said measure was unanswerable and absolutely con- 
 vincing. P'inally it was proposed, in order to give the bar 
 time for reflection and consideration, to postpone the 
 measure till the next session, which was done. During 
 the next session, 1849-50, the measure was passed into a 
 law with remarkable unanimity (vide vol. xlviii., page 33, 
 session laws of 1849-50). This was a great advance in 
 law reform. This remained to be the law till the adoption 
 of the Code in Ohio, when the same principle was carried 
 into the Code, extended a little on one point by allowing 
 partfes to volunteer as witnesses. In the session of 1848-49 
 Mr. Smith introduced a bill to amend the law of descents, 
 by providing that husband and wife, in default of children, 
 should be heirs to each other. Prior to that time, and for 
 a short time after, the act regulating descents postponed the 
 heirship of husband and wife to the last degree before 
 property escheated to the State. The bill was referred to 
 Mr. Smith as a select committee, and on the 24th of Feb- 
 ruary, 1849, he made an exhaustive report thereon, which 
 was ordered to be printed. The report is in the “Appendix 
 to the House Journal” for 1848-49, page 198. This bill 
 did not then pass; and, as it proposed such a radical change 
 in the rules of descent, a great many of the members were 
 afraid to support it, not because it was not reasonable and 
 equitable, but because it was a great innovation ; the seeds 
 were sown, however, and produced fruit in due time. In 
 the session of 1851-52 the principle was adopted, and ever 
 since that time husband and wife, in default of children, 
 have been heirs to each other. At the same session he in- 
 troduced a bill to punish the stealing of a will, after the 
 death of the testator, or a testamentary paper before his 
 death. The bill was enacted into a law, February 23d, 
 1849 (vide S. and C. “ Statutes,” vol. ii., page 1632). Thus 
 a great omission in our criminal law was supplied in the 
 State. In the fall of 1853 Mr. Smith was elected to the 
 Senate of Ohio from the district composed of Madison, 
 Clarke and Champaign counties. He made a useful and 
 active member, and assisted in enacting a great deal of 
 useful legislation, including the Liquor law, the Ten Per 
 Cent, law, the Fee bill, etc., etc., and aided in reforming 
 
55S 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 abuses and in reducing taxation. He discovered, at the 
 end of his term in the Senate, in the spring of 1S54, that he 
 could not live very high and support his family by going to 
 the Legislature (as many more have before and since dis- 
 covered), and he determined to abstain therefrom in the 
 future and to devote his time exclusively to his profession. 
 This determination he rigidly adhered to until 1864, when 
 he was nominated and elected a Presidential Elector by the 
 Republicans, when the Hon. A. Lincoln was a candidate 
 for re-election to the Presidency. He met the Electoral 
 College of Ohio at the capital of the State in December, 
 1864, and voted for Mr. Lincoln for President and Andrew 
 Johnson for Vice-President of the United States. In the 
 spring of 1865 he aided in estaldishing the Madison 
 National Bank, of London, Ohio, an'?l he was elected Presi- 
 dent thereof, so continuing for two and one-half years, 
 when he sold his stock and invested the proceeds in land. 
 In 1870 he was appointed Assessor of Internal Revenue by 
 President Grant, and confirmed liy tlie .Senate of the United 
 States, for the .Seventh Collection District of Ohio, and he 
 held tlie office for nearly three years, when, the taxes 
 liaving all been taken off by Congress except upon whis- 
 key, beer and tobacco, the assessors of internal revenue 
 were aliolished liy a law of Congress. During his term as 
 Assessor nearly $2,000,000 internal revenue was raised in 
 the district, comprising the counties of P'ranklin, Madison, 
 Green and Clarke. He administered the office prudently 
 and lionestly, and to the satisfaction of the government and 
 the people. Mr. Smith is still engaged in the practice of 
 law. He supported the war of 1861 strenuously, but did 
 not go into the service, as he was over the military age 
 when the war commenced. He did, however, go into the 
 service for ten d.ays, at Camp Chase, during the Morgan 
 raid, as Captain of a company. He was married in June, 
 1844, to an estimable lady, Jcnnette .Smith, in Whitestown, 
 Oneida county. New York. She is a descendant of the 
 celebrated Otis family, of revolutionary memory, in Massa- 
 chusetts. .She has been a model wife and an ornament of 
 her sex. Mr. Smith is still hale and vigorous, and stands a 
 fair chance to live beyond the allotted age of man. 
 
 w 
 
 
 cKINNEY, HON. JOHN F., Lawyer, w.as born, 
 April 1 2th, 1827, on a farm two miles north of 
 Piqua, Miami county. His jrarents were natives 
 of Pennsylvania; his father had removed to Ohio 
 towards the tlose of the last century, and his 
 mother a few years later; they were married in 
 iSoS, and resided on the farm where their children were 
 born. His father died when he was seven years old, but 
 he resided on the farm until he grew to manhood. He re- 
 ceived his preparatory education at the Piqua Academy, 
 which he attended for three years, and subsequently passed 
 a year at the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaware. He 
 
 afterwards commenced the study of law with his brother, S. 
 S. McKinney, of Piqua, wliose biograiiliical sketch appears 
 in this volume, and was admitted to the bar in 1850, and 
 immediately commenced the practice of his profession, in 
 partnership with his brother, which has continued ever 
 since, the firm enjoying the largest practice in the county, 
 and is a highly lucrative one. In political views he has 
 always been a Democrat, and has been that party’s stand- 
 ard-bearer on several occasions. In 1862 he was nominated 
 and elected to Congress from the Fourth Ohio District, and 
 served two years. In 1870 he was again elected to Con- 
 gress from the same district, and also served two years. 
 In 1864 and 1866 he was a candidate for the same position, 
 but was defeated, the opposing party being in the majority. 
 In fact the district has always been Republican, and each time, 
 when lie was elected, the Republican State ticket was also 
 successful in his district, thus demonstrating his great popu- 
 larity. He has been President of the Piqua School Board. 
 In 1S72 he was a delegate to the Democratic N.ation.al 
 Convention, which ratified the nomination of Horace 
 Greeley, and was a member of the Committee on Resolu- 
 tions, representing his State. He was President of the 
 Piqua Hydraulic Company while it was a private enter- 
 prise; it now belongs to the city. He was also President 
 of the Western Ohio Park and Driving Association. He 
 was married, 1853, to Louise Wood, of Piqua, and has 
 three children living, two daughters and one son. 
 
 ORROW, HON. JEREMIAH, Statesman, was 
 born, 1770, in Pennsylvania. In 1795 he re- 
 moved to the Northwest Territory, and in 1802 
 was elected a delegate to the convention for 
 forming the State Constitution of Ohio. He was 
 the first representative in Congress from that 
 State, and then served as United States .Senator from 1813 
 to 1819. He was elected Governor of the State, and held 
 that office from 1S22 to 1826. He was subsequently ap- 
 pointed Canal Commissioner, and in 1840 again chosen to 
 represent his district in Congress, serving from 1841 to 
 1843. He died in Ohio, March 22d, 1852. 
 
 HITTLESEY, HON. ELISHA, Lawyer and 
 Statesman, was born in Connecticut, but in his 
 early manhood removed to Ohio. In the war 
 of 1812 he served as an Aide-de-camp to General 
 Wadsworth. He was Prosecuting Attorney for 
 sixteen years, and was a member of the Legisla- 
 ture in 1820 and 1821. He served seven terms as a repre- 
 sentative in Congress. He was appointed in 1841, by Presi- 
 dent Harrison, an Auditor of the Post-office Department, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EN’CYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 559 
 
 and also tlie Firet Comptroller of the Treasur)', which posi- 
 tion he relinquished in 1857, but was reappointed by 
 President Lincoln in 1861. His whole public career was 
 marked by an unswerving integrity and untiring devotion to 
 duty. He died in Washington, District of Columbia, Janu- 
 ary 7th, 1863, in the eightieth year of his age. 
 
 |)OCKE, PROFESSOR JOHN, Author, Inventor, 
 Teacher, Physician, etc., was born, February' 
 19th, 1792, in one of the New England States, 
 mo.st probably New Hampshire. His father, 
 Samuel Barron Locke, was a millwright of such 
 skill that his services were in great demand, and 
 he resided successively in Vermont, New Hampshire, and 
 M.iine. In 1796 he removed permanently to Bethel, in the 
 latter State, where he erected buildings still k-nown as 
 “ Locke’s Mills.” His mechanical taste and ingenuity were 
 manifested at an early age, as well as his love for books. 
 Botany became a favorite study. About l8lo he entered 
 an academy at Bridgeport to study languages. About 1816 
 he began the study of medicine and chemistry. Though he 
 had never seen a chemist, nor a piece of chemical appar- 
 atus, his inventive genius led him to construct his own 
 instruments. But a few years previous the experiments of 
 Galvani and Volta had become known, and he could not 
 rest satisfied until he had tested these. Chiselling out a 
 mould in a .soft brick-bat, he cast a set of dishes of zinc, 
 about the size of a silver dollar. Twenty of these, with as 
 many silver dollars, were constructed into a “ pile ; ” the 
 dollars being used for the negative element, and cloths wet 
 in brine for the imperfect conductor. The experiment was 
 a partial success. Thus began his acquaintance with a sub- 
 ject which in after years was to engage .so much of his 
 attention. Some of these zinc plates are still in existence. 
 He found it impossible to confine himself strictly to the 
 study of medicine, and he spent much time in the pursuit 
 of general physics. Turning his steps in the direction of 
 New Haven, he here found all that he could desire in the 
 ])ursuit of knowledge, .\fter a few years spent profitably, 
 and for the most part in the study of botany, he went to 
 Keene, New Hampshire, as a teacher of botany. He also 
 procured plants for the botanical gardens at Cambridge, and 
 enjoyed the counsel and instruction of I'rofessor Bigelow, 
 of Boston. In 1818 he delivered his first public lectures 
 Portland, Maine. Turning his ey'es longingly to the 
 Pacific slope, he obtained an appointment as Assistant Sur- 
 geon in the navy. But he was disappointed in his object 
 and withdrew from the service, returning to New Hav'en. 
 He resumed his medical studies, and received his degree. 
 In 1819 he completed a treatise on botany, for which he 
 made his own engravings. Thus far he had received no 
 pecuniary or other encouragement from his father, and had 
 not received a dollar of patronage or support except that 
 
 created by his own exertions. Nearly sixty years ago he 
 called the attention of the public to the river maple, com- 
 pared with the sugar maple, in the manufacture of sugar, 
 and as a shade tree. After having graduated he tried to 
 establish himself as a physician, but failed, not from want 
 of patronage, but because patients were more ready to be 
 treated than to pay. He went to Windsor, Vermont, as a 
 teacher in a female academy. The principal of this school 
 had conceived the idea of establishing a like institution in 
 Lexington, Kentucky, and the young doctor consented to 
 accompany him. This arrangement was not carried out, 
 and he proceeded West alone, arriving at Lexington in 
 June, 1821. In this field his success was such that he ever 
 alterwards was held in high esteem by his young lady 
 pupils and their kinsfolk. In 1822 he came to Cincinnati 
 on horseback. He received a rather cold reception, from 
 no particular reason except the natural conservatism of the 
 townspeople, and was on the point of abandoning his pro- 
 ject, when he found a friend in Ethan Stone, and friends 
 among the best society thereafter became numerous. “ Dr. 
 Locke’s School” soon acquired a high reputation. He 
 was opposed to sectarian schools, but nevertheless believed 
 in general religious instruction and the cultivation of the 
 social virtues. His method of instruction was conversa- 
 tional, and calculated to interest the pupil and remove 
 timidity. He was among the earliest instructors in the 
 Mechanics’ Institute. Passing over several years, during 
 which he was engaged in teaching the future mothers of 
 Cincinnati and pursuing scientific investigation, the year 
 1835 is reached, at which period he was elected Professor 
 of Chemistry in the Medical College of Ohio. He entered 
 upon his new duties with zeal. He vivfted Europe and 
 purchased apparatus. On his return he found the college 
 divided against itself, and a liberal inducement was made 
 him to join a school in a neighboring State. He refused, 
 and gradually dissension ceased and matters became tran- 
 quil. He had a large acquaintance with the geology of the 
 United States, and while engaged in making a geological 
 survey of Ohio, under the patronage of the State, he 
 discovered one of the largest trilobites known. In 1837 lie 
 made a journey to Europe on purposes connected with 
 scientific investigation. He contributed to science many 
 valuable inventions. All of them are now familiar to the 
 scientific world. The most important of these was the 
 “Electro-Chronograph,” or “Magnetic Clock.” Official 
 notice of this invention was made to the authorities at 
 Washington, in June, 1849. After the observations of Dr. 
 Locke in magnetism had been published, the English gov- 
 ernment forwarded and presented to him a full set of mag- 
 netical instruments, in appreciation of his labors. He 
 found time for the study of astronomy, and if not as 'famous 
 as .some students of this science, his knowledge was as 
 great. He occasionally wrote poetry, and if his verse is 
 not famous and oft quoted, it was inspired in one who wor- 
 shipped Nature. His warm admirer and memorialist, Dr. 
 
56 o 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL 
 
 M. B. Wright, of Cincinnati, says of him: “lie did not 
 carry his taper that he might be seen here and there of 
 men ; but in the solitude of his laboratory he kindled the 
 fires of his genius, and sent out rays as from a grand 
 mirror, that the whole world might be illuminated. 
 
 He had the inspiration and language of a true poet; he 
 understood music as a science; he could sketch the land- 
 scape with the accuracy of a practised artist ; he was a 
 mechanic, a mathematician, an astronomer, a chemist, a 
 philosopher, a logician, a physician. He had studied all 
 things upon the surface of the earth, and penetrated into its 
 hidden depths, and formed an intimate, every-day acquaint- 
 ance with the beauty and glory that surround it.” He was 
 a religious man, but not ostentatiously so. He never 
 attached himself to any church, but shortly before death 
 had decided upon joining the Episcopal Church. In nature 
 he saw the Revelation, and worshipped it. During the 
 winter of 1849-50 the medical college was dragged into 
 the arena of political warfare, and he lost his professorship. 
 P'rom that day he was never the same man, and dissolution 
 slowly proceeded. He was urged by Dr. Wright to again 
 acce[)t the position and consented. In 1854, w’hile in poor 
 health, he accepted the position of Principal in the academy 
 at Lebanon, Ohio. In October, 1855, he returned to Cin- 
 cinnati a much changed man — thin, haggard, tremulous. 
 While in this condition he went to Virginia to examine coal 
 lands, and returned with his infirmities aggravated. Numer- 
 ous symptoms tending to paralysis manifested themselves 
 alarmingly. Memory and vision grew dim, and a paralytic 
 condition set in. After being unconscious five days, he 
 died July loth, 1856. 
 
 • EDARY, HON. SAMUEL, Editor and Politician, 
 was born, 1801, in Ohio. His early advantages 
 of education were very limited. Soon after arriv- 
 ing at man’s estate he joined the Jackson party, 
 and remained a faithful adherent to General 
 Jackson throughout his entire public career. He 
 early became connected with the newspaper press, and was 
 for many years editor of the Ohio Statesman, and his editor- 
 ials, although lacking in polish, were full of vigor. He 
 was for a long time one of the leading men in his party in 
 Ohio. Although he was a warm personal friend of the late 
 .Stephen A. Douglas, he separated from him when the latter 
 opposed Buchanan. During President Buchanan’s admin- 
 istration he was appointed, and served for some time, as 
 Governor of the then Territory of Kansas. During the war 
 of the rebellion he was a “peace Democrat,” though his 
 son was in the war, and of whose career he was very proud. 
 His death was attributed to the remains of the poison in- 
 fused into his system at the National Hotel, in Washington, 
 in March, 1857. He died at Columbus, Ohio, November 
 7th, 1864. 
 
 ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 EEMELIN, CHARLES GUSTAV, Lawyer and 
 Author, was born at Heilbronn, Wurtemberg, 
 Germany, May 19th, 1814, and grew up amidst 
 the stiil subsisting bitterness of the townspeople 
 against the despotic transfer of the old free city 
 to the kingdom of Wurtemberg. His first politi- 
 cal lessons were, therefore, hati'ed of arbitrary conquests 
 and annexations. His father was a wholesale grocer. His 
 mother died when he was two years old. At the age of 
 five he started to school, where he remained until after his 
 fifteenth year — seven year's in his native place and three 
 years at the birth-place of Schiller. He subsequently took 
 a thorough course of study in the natural sciences. Leav- 
 ing school, he spent a year or two in his father’s store, and 
 finally, after having vainly made one attempt to go to 
 America, at the age of eighteen, having obtained his 
 father’s consent, he started for this country, and landed in 
 Philadeljrhia in 1832. He secured employment in a gro- 
 cery at six dollars per month; but at the end of a year 
 determined to go to Wheeling, Virginia. At Hagerstowir 
 he got into serious difficulty for attempting to interfere in 
 the whipping of a slave girl. This caused him to go to 
 Pittsburgh instead of Wheeling, determining never again to 
 enter a slave State. From Pittsburgh he started for St. 
 Louis; but on arriving in Cincinnati, in the fall of 1833, he 
 took the cholera, and after recovering, abandoned the idea 
 of going farther, soon found employment, and has since 
 continued to reside in the city. His first employment was 
 with T. B. & H. B. Coffin, in the grocery business. After 
 one year this house assisted him in starting his own grocery. 
 He was uncommonly prosperous, and in ten years had 
 bought a farm in Green township, and had accumulated a 
 considerable fortune. In 1843 retired from the grocery 
 business and went to live on his farm. He had early taken 
 an active part in the establishment of a Cincinnati German 
 newspaper. In 1836, through his instrumentality, the 
 Volksblatt was started, and during the following year he 
 became sole proprietor. After retiring to his farm, he 
 began the study of the law, and was admitted to the bar by 
 the Supreme Court of the State in 1848. In 1844 he was 
 elected to the lower House of the General Assembly, and 
 in 1846 to the Senate. In 1850 he was a member of the 
 Constitutional Convention. In all of these bodies he took 
 a prominent position. His report on the annexation of 
 Texas, on bank taxation, and his many speeches on various 
 subjects, furnished texts for popular argumentation, and 
 contributed largely towards breaking down the predomi- 
 nance of the Whig party. But he has always been too 
 radical to be a leader in his own party, seldom being in 
 accord with the public opinion of the times. In 1854 and 
 185s he was Bank Commissioner for the free and independ- 
 ent banks of Ohio; and in 1856 he was appointed by Gov- 
 ernor Chase as one of the Commissioners for the State 
 reform schools. To become thoroughly acquainted with 
 this subject he visited Europe at his own expense, and on 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENXYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 561 
 
 his return his plans were adopted in the reform schools of 
 the State, and at the reform farm, at Lancaster, Ohio. In 
 1867 Governor Hayes appointed him one of the Commis- 
 sioners of Mines. His last public service was as member 
 and President of the Board of Control. His numerous 
 literary productions are distributed over various periodicals, 
 both German and English. He has published three books: 
 “ The Wine Trespass Manual ; ” “ The Wine-Makers’ Man- 
 u.tl,” and “ Politics as a Science.” He is decidedly schol- 
 arly, and is still an earnest student. His zeal for knowledge 
 induced him in 1874 to go to Europe to attend lectures on 
 law, history and political economy, at Strasburg and Wur- 
 temlrerg. In 1837 Mr. Reemelin was married to his present 
 wife, Louise Mark, of Cincinnati. They have seven chil- 
 dren, all, excepting one, having been educated in both 
 Europe and America. 
 
 [ EAD, COMMANDER ABNER, an Officer of the 
 United States Navy, was born, 1821, in Ohio, and 
 received his education at the Ohio University, at 
 Athens, which institution he left in his senior 
 year, in 1839, having received a midshipman’s 
 warrant. His first voyage was on the schooner 
 “ Enterprise ” to the South American coast, having been 
 detached from a ship of war destined to the Mediterranean, 
 on account of some little difficulty with the captain previous 
 to the sailing of the vessel. Prior to his examination he 
 passed a year in reviewing his studies at the Naval School in 
 Philadelphia, and stood fifth in a class of forty-eight. He 
 was at once detailed to the duty of Acting Sailing Master, 
 in which cap.acity he made several voy.ages, and soon ac- 
 quired the reputation of being one of the most skilful navi- 
 gators in the service. At the breaking out of the Mexican 
 war he was on the coast of Africa, but returned in time to 
 make a cruise in the Gulf and participate in some naval 
 operations near the close of the war. The progress of naval 
 promotion being slow, he did not reach the rank of Lieu- 
 tenant until 1853, and in 1855 the Naval Retiring Board 
 consigned him to the list of retired officers, but he was not 
 long after reinstated by the Examining Board. Soon after 
 the commencement of the late civil war he was ordered for 
 service to the “Wyandotte,” the command of which soon 
 devolved upon him, and it was this vessel which performed 
 such important service in saving Fort Pickens from falling 
 into the hands of the enemy. In May, 1862, his health was 
 so much impaired that he was relieved from his command 
 for a time, in order to place himself under medical treat- 
 ment. A severe fit of sickness prostrated him for some 
 weeks, and before he fully recovered his strength he asked 
 for sailing orders, and was assigned to the command of the 
 steam gunboat “ New London.” Proceeding at once to Ship 
 Island, he commenced cruising in the Mississippi Sound, 
 and in eight days captured four valuable prizes. The ex- 
 ploits of this vessel won for it from the enemy the appellation 
 
 of the “ Black Devil,” and it soon succeeded in breaking up 
 the trade between New Orleans and Mobile. The “ New 
 London” captured nearly thirty prizes, took a battery at 
 Biloxi, and had several engagements with Confederate 
 steamers on the sound. A short time previous to his death, 
 he lost his left eye in an engagement at Sabine Pass. In 
 June, 1863, he was placed in command of the steam sloop- 
 of-war “ Monongahela,” and soon after participated in an 
 attack upon the enemy’s batteries above Donaldsonville. In 
 this engagement he was fatally wounded, and died July 12th, 
 1863. He was a skilful officer, and a universal favorite 
 throughout the navy. 
 
 OUSE, REV. ERWIN, Clergyman, Editor and 
 Author, was born at Worthington, nine miles 
 north of Columbus, Ohio, February 17th, 1824. 
 His parents, Lyman B. and Sarah House, were 
 natives of New Haven, Connecticut. At the age 
 of thirteen, during a religious awakening in Lock- 
 land, near Cincinnati, where his parents then resided, he 
 joined the Methodist Episcopal Church. In the fall of 
 1841 he entered Woodward College, Cincinnati, where he 
 graduated in 1846. Then Samuel Lewis and Salmon P. 
 Chase were trustees, and old Dr. Ray w.as Professor of 
 Mathematics at Woodward. In 1849 he was granted license 
 to preach as a local minister in the Methodist Church by 
 the Quarterly Conference of Ninth Street, now Trinity, 
 Church, Cincinnati. In 1865 he was admitted into the 
 Cincinnati Conference. As early as 1837 he wrote for the 
 papers, and in 1847 was appointed Assistant Editor of the 
 Ladies' Repository , 7 m old, popular monthly magazine of the 
 church. This position he filled many years, and was one 
 year in entire charge of its editorial work. He afterwards 
 became Assistant Editor of the IVestern Christian Advocate, 
 one of the oldest and most ably conducted weekly papers 
 published by the Methodist Episcopal Church. These edi- 
 torial positions he filled for the period of twenty-five years. 
 He was the author of a number of works, many of which 
 have had a large circulation in the church. Among these 
 the most important are : “ Sketches for the Young; ” “ The 
 Missionary in Many Lands;” “The Homilist;” “The 
 .Scripture Cabinet,” and “ The .Sunday-School Hand-Book.” 
 At least two of these works have been republished in Eng- 
 land. In his editorial work he was associated with some of 
 the finest men of his church. He was an efficient worker 
 and an able advocate for the temperance cause. He was 
 most famous, probably, as a Sunday-school author, speaker 
 and worker. As a speaker to children he had few equals; 
 as a writer he was ready and agreeable ; in the church he 
 filled a wide place well, and in his home and everywhere he 
 lived the life of an educated Christian gentleman. To the 
 la.st hour or moment of his life he was at his post in the office 
 of the Advocate, where he died of heart disease, May 20th, 
 
 71 
 
562 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 1875. House was married in August, 1848,(0 Margaret 
 Davis, sister of Drs. John and \V. li. Davis, of Cincinnati. 
 Of their four children but one survives. 
 
 ILL, BRIGADIER GENERAL JOSHUA 
 WOODROW, Soldier, was born, December 6th, 
 1831, in Chillicothe, Ohio. He received a thor- 
 ough English and classical education, and was 
 appointed in 1849 a cadet in the United States 
 Military Academy at West Point, where he grad- 
 uated third in his class. In 1854 he received an ordnance 
 appointment, and was stationed at Watervliet Arsenal, West 
 Troy, New York. In the following year he was recalled as 
 one of the instructors at ^Yest Point, and after serving two 
 years in that capacity was ordered to the Pittsburgh Arsenal, 
 and from thence in 1858 to Vancouver, Washington Terri- 
 tory, to superintend the building of an arsenal there. P’ind- 
 ing this impracticable, in consequence of the difficulty exist- 
 ing about Vancouver’s Island with the British government, 
 he returned, and soon after was ordered to P'ort Leaven- 
 worth. In i860 he resigned his position in the army, and 
 accepted the Professorship of Mathematics and Civil Engi- 
 neering in the Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute. 
 On the outbreak of the civil war he resigned his professor- 
 ship, and upon offering his services to the Governor of Ohio 
 was appointed Assistant Adjutant-General of that State. In 
 August, 1861, he was commissioned Colonel of the 23d 
 Regiment Ohio Volunteers. He joined General Nelson in 
 his Kentucky expedition, and after his return was placed in 
 command of a brigade, receiving the commission of Brigadier- 
 General July 29th, 1862. He subsequently commanded a 
 division for a time, evincing great courage and skill ; and 
 upon the reorganization of the army under General Rose- 
 crans, he was assigned a brigade in General Sheridan’s 
 division, at the head of which he gallantly fought and fell 
 during the memorable Wednesday of the battle of Stone 
 River, Tennessee, December 31st, 1862. 
 
 tAMPBELL, THOMAS, Lawyer, was born. May 
 2ist, 1816, in Steubenville, Jefferson county, Ohio, 
 of American parentage. His father followed 
 mechanical pursuits, and subsequently became a 
 farmer. Thomas received his preliminary educa- 
 tion in the common schools until he was sixteen 
 years old, when he entered Franklin College, in Harrison 
 county, where he remained until he attained the age of 
 twenty years. He then went to his father’s farm in Co- 
 shocton county, and taught school for a year or more. He 
 was engaged subsequently as a clerk in a store, which he 
 relinquished in 1838 to commence the study of law, under 
 the supervision of James Matthews, of Coshocton. He was 
 
 admitted to the bar in the spring of 1841 at Steubenville; 
 but his health having become impaired, he returned to his 
 father’s farm to recuperate. He commenced the practice 
 of l.aw in 1842 in Coshocton, and was elected the following 
 year Prosecuting Attorney of the county, holding that posi- 
 tion for six years, being re-elected in 1845 1847. He 
 
 was elected in 1851 the first Probate Judge under the new 
 Slate Constitution, and served the full term of three years. 
 In 1865 he associated with R. M. Voorhes, of Harrison 
 county, under the firm-name of Campbell & Voorhes, attor- 
 neys and counsellors at law. He is at present the solicitor 
 of the Building Association. He has ever been a firm and 
 consistent member of the Democratic party, and takes a 
 great interest in the political movements in the county. State 
 and Union. He was married, August 5th, 1842, to Martha 
 Wallace, of Pennsylvania, and is the father of six children. 
 His eldest son, Patrick Steele Campbell, died while in the 
 army. 
 
 UNDY, HON. WILLIAM, Member of the Sixty- 
 second General Assembly of Ohio, was born in 
 Belmont county of that State, October loth, 
 1819. His parents, William and Sarah (Over- 
 man) Bundy, were of German descent. His boy- 
 hood and youth were spent in assisting his father 
 on the farm and in attending school. He was married in 
 November, 1843, to Prudence Wood. She died in 1845, 
 and some years later he was again married to Asenalh 
 Doudna, of the same county. Mr. Bundy was formerly a 
 Whig, and has passed through all the anti-slavery parlies 
 and emerged a staunch Republican. Pie was elected to the 
 Ohio House of Representatives in 1875. is a member 
 of the Wilberite branch of the Society of PYiends, and has 
 always t.aken an active interest in educational and public 
 affairs. Possessed of a competency, with wife and children, 
 he enjoys a comfortable home. 
 
 ^UNCAN, COMMANDER JAMES N., an Officer 
 of the United States Navy, was born, 1820, in 
 the town of Madisonville, Ohio. He entered the 
 navy as a midshipman in 1837, and subsequently 
 passed through a course of study in the Naval 
 School at Philadelphia. He took an active part 
 in the Mexican war, and especially distinguished himself in 
 the contest which preceded the annexation of California. 
 At the commencement of the late civil war he was serving 
 as a Lieutenant on the United States steamer “ Crusader,” 
 then just completing a two-years’ cruise after slavers on the 
 coast of Cuba. In 1862 he was appointed Commander, and 
 assigned to the store-ship “ Relief.” Subsequently he was 
 transferred to the monitor “ Weehawken,” of which he was 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 563 
 
 commander, when she went down in Charleston harbor ; 
 but he was providentially on board of the flag-ship at the 
 time of the disaster. He was ne.xt appointed to the com- 
 mand of the “ Norwich” steam gun-boat, and assisted in the 
 bombardment of Fort Pulaski, and of Jacksonville, Pdorida. 
 During liis seiwice on the Gulf blockade, he contracted a 
 disease of the heart which terminated his life. He died at 
 Brooklyn, New York, August 2ist, 1864. 
 
 ^EDDELL, PETER MARTEN, Merchant, was 
 born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, in 
 1788. It was not until after his father’s death 
 that he was born, and two years later his mother 
 remarried and removed to Paris, Bourbon county, 
 Kentucky, which was at that time inhabited 
 chiefly by the Indians, who were struggling to hold the 
 land in all its wildness from the invading white men. At 
 fourteen he resolved to earn his own living, and with his 
 entire worldly fortune in a little bundle, was employed in 
 a store, in which he promised to perform any kind of work. 
 He was so faithful and successful in everything that, at 
 nineteen years of age, he was made partner. This copart- 
 nership lasted until the death of the senior member, when 
 Peter closed up the business, and with some money and 
 much good judgment, removed to Newark, Ohio, where he 
 opened a store in which he was very successful. In 1820 
 he removed from Newark to Cleveland, and commenced 
 business on Superior street, where he was at once known 
 among the leading business men for his energy, promptness, 
 and integrity. In 1825 a partnership was formed with 
 Edmund Clade from Buffalo, and Mr. Weddell retired from 
 active participation in the business. This partnership lasted 
 until 1828, when it was dissolved, and three years after- 
 wards another firm was organized under the name of P. M. 
 Weddell & Co., the new partners being his two clerks, 
 Greenup C. Woods, his half brother, and Dudley Baldwin. 
 Four years later Mr. Woods removed to Newark, and in 
 1845 the firm of P. M. Weddell & Son was announced, 
 with H. P. Weddell as junior partner. In 1823 he built a 
 brick house and store, on the corner of Superior and Bank 
 streets, then the finest building in Cleveland. In 1845 this 
 was torn down to make room for the Weddell House, which 
 was erected on its site. In 1847, "'hen on his journey home 
 from New York, where he had been to purchase furniture 
 for his new hotel, he contracted typhoid fever and died 
 three weeks afterwards, leaving a large property in real 
 estate in which his surplus funds had been invested. 
 Several years prior to his death he refrained from taking an 
 active part in the business of his store, having resigned the 
 management to his former clerks, who were his partners 
 therein. In 1832 he built a stone cottage on Euclid street 
 for a country residence for his son, 1 1 . P. Weddell, while 
 his own time was chiefly employed in improving his real 
 
 estate, which was rapidly increasing in value. In his clos- 
 ing years he was an active member of the First Presbyterian 
 Church of Cleveland. He was noted for his untiring in- 
 dustry, uniform courtesy, the generosity of his purse for all 
 worthy objects, and his ever ready assistance to young men, 
 who were struggling in their business enterprises. When 
 he died he made valuable bequests to religious and benevo- 
 lent institutions. He was married twice ; first in November, 
 1815, to Sophia Perry, of Cleveland, w ho died in 1823, and 
 in 1824 to Eliza A. Bell, of New'ark, Ohio. By his first 
 marriage he had three children, of whom only one survived, 
 Horace P. Weddell, a prominent banker and capitalist, who 
 resides in his native city, Cleveland. This son was edu- 
 cated in Cleveland and trained to habits of business in his 
 father’s affairs, and, at the age of twenty-two, was the junior 
 partner of P. M. Weddell & Son. On the formation of 
 this partnership in 1845, building of the well-known 
 Weddell House was commenced and finished in 1847, the 
 furnishing being done under his sole management after his 
 father’s death in that year. It W’as then rented, and has 
 since been successfully conducted as a first-class hotel. The 
 management of this, and other valuable property inherited 
 from his father, has occupied a large share of his lime. He 
 formed a copartnership with Dr. A. Everett and Sylvester 
 Everett in the banking business, which is still continued. 
 Although never having taken a prominent part in public 
 affairs, he has always assisted, in an unostentatious way, 
 every public enterprise which he deemed was for the good 
 of all. During the w'ar of the rebellion he contributed 
 liberally to the cause of the United Slates. Hundreds of 
 poor people know of his benevolence, and other hundreds 
 have received of his bounty, wdthout knowing to wdiom they 
 were indebted for the comforts and necessaries of life. 
 
 NNIS, GUSTAVUS S., was born in Franklin town- 
 ship, Franklin county, Ohio, February 4th, 1819. 
 In the spring of 1821 he removed with his father. 
 Rev. Henry Innis, who settled in the eastern 
 ^ (o) part of Clinton township. The Innis family was 
 of Scotch origin. Some of them removed into 
 the north of Ireland and from there into England, where 
 William Innis united with the Friends, or, as they are more 
 commonly called, Quakers. During the early settlement 
 of Pennsylvania he removed his family near to Philadel- 
 phia. He was the captain of a merchant ship, and made 
 several voyages, on one of which commander, crew, and 
 ship were lost at sea, as no tidings were ever heard of them. 
 Captain Innis left a wife and two or three sons, and a 
 daughter or two. Robert, one of the sons, settled in West- 
 moreland county, Pennsylvania, and was a leading elder 
 in the Quaker Church. His second son, Heniy, the father 
 of the subject of this sketch, having enlisted at the age of 
 nineteen in the Northwestern army, under W. H. Harri- 
 
5^4 
 
 BIOURAPIIICAL ENCVCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 son, during the campaign, first saw the plains and valleys 
 of the then West. He determined to make his home on 
 these rich and level lands, and accordingly, after the war, 
 settled in Franklin township, from whence he removed to 
 Clinton, where he lived till his death, which occurred on 
 the 20lh day of May, 1865. Young Innis helped his father 
 on the farm summers and attended district schools winters 
 till he was seventeen years old, when his father sent him to 
 Worthington to a seminary in Masonic Hall, Seth Wash- 
 burn, Principal. Here he studied language and mathe- 
 matics, and made rapid progress. The next seminary or 
 high school he attended was in Blendon township, Ebene- 
 zer and Seth Washburn, teachers. Here he continued at 
 school till Central College was organized. He was one of 
 the first students of this institution, where he continued some 
 four or live years, except that he generally left winters to 
 teach, returning to the college again each spring. He made 
 good progress, taking a thorough course in mathematics 
 and astronomy, calculating most of the jirincipal eclipses of 
 the sun and moon up to the year igoo. After leaving 
 school he engaged in teaching for a few years. In March, 
 1845, he married Sarah G. Morrill, and settled down to the 
 life of a farmer, in Montgomery, now Marion township, 
 .south of and near the city of Columbus. Upon the busi- 
 ness of agriculture and horticulture he entered with all the 
 energy of his nature. .Still he found time to let his views 
 and practice be known through the local and agricultural 
 press. He became a regular correspondent for several 
 agricultural papers, for which he has written as much, or 
 perhaps more, than any other practical farmer in the State, 
 and all without any other reward except having the papers 
 sent to him by the publishers. His articles were exten- 
 sively copied all over the United States. He contributed 
 liberally also to the agricultural and scientific literature of 
 the day. Many of his articles will be found in agricultural 
 books and reports. During the holding of the first State 
 fair in Columbus, Mr. Innis met the late Samuel Medary 
 on the street, and said, “ Why cannot we have a county 
 agricultural society in Franklin?” Colonel Medary an- 
 swered : “ We can. I will advertise to-morrow for a meet- 
 ing.” Soon after the friends of agriculture met and organ- 
 ized the Franklin County Agricultural Society. Mr. Innis 
 was one of the live working members of this society, serv- 
 ing it in almost all c.apacities, until he finally became its 
 President. He has also been an ardent friend of the pub- 
 lic schools, and given much of his time in their man.ige- 
 ment on Boards of Education and visiting committees. In 
 this he has been enthusiastic, doing whatever was necessary 
 to be done cheerfully. He also served for years on the 
 County Board of -School Examiners. Upon the breaking 
 out of the war of the rebellion, he became an active sup- 
 porter of the national cause, and contributed liberally to fill 
 up its armies and for the support of the families of those in 
 the service of their country. In 1864, when the National 
 Guard wasxalled into service, he took the field as Colonel 
 
 of the 133J Regiment of Ohio Volunteers. He served with 
 his regiment in West Virginia, Bermuda Hundreds, on the 
 James river, and in the sieges of Petersburg and Richmond. 
 In politics he was originally a Democrat, casting his first 
 vote in 1840 for Martin Van Buren. During and a little 
 before the war of the rebellion he sometimes acted with the 
 Republicans. At the close of the war, in 1865, he returned 
 in full allegiance to and accord with the Democratic party, 
 believing its principles to be for the best interests of the 
 country generally. In April, 1874, he was appointed War- 
 den of the Ohio Penitentiary, which position he still 
 (December, 1875) bolds. In 1852 he was initiated into 
 the mysteries of Odd I'ellowship, and became a member of 
 Central Lodge, No. 23, and of Capital Encampment, No. 
 6. In 1858 he was admitted a member of Magnolia Lodge, 
 Free and Accepted Masons. To each of these organiza- 
 tions he has ever since had the honor of belonging, and is 
 now in good standing. 
 
 f^ODGE, JOHN ORLANDO, was born, November 
 25th, 1828, in Hamburg, Erie county. New 
 York. He is the son of Alfred Hodge, an early 
 settler of Buffalo, and a descendant of John 
 Hodge, of Windsor, Connecticut, who, on the 
 I2th of August, 1666, married .Susanna Denslow, 
 daughter of Henry Denslow, the first settler of Windsor 
 Locks, Connecticut. The family is possessed of a complete 
 genealogical record, running from 1646 to date. At the 
 age of fourteen years the subject of this sketch was left an 
 orphan. He determined to settle in the West, then so full 
 of promise to young energy and industry. In June of 1842 
 the young fortune-seeker arrived at Cleveland, Ohio, where 
 he took up his residence, spending the first few years in a 
 ]irinting office. In April, 1847, Mr. Hodge, then in his 
 nineteenth year, enlisted for the Mexican war, emharking 
 for the scene of conflict at New York, on the 8lh of the 
 following month. He was destined to pass through hard- 
 ship and peril before he reached the seat of war. On the 
 first evening out, before the transport had got fairly to sea, 
 she collided with a .Spanish man-of-war, and had to put 
 back to New York in a damaged condition. On the 15th 
 of the same month, Mr. Hodge sailed again for Mexico. 
 All went well until the 23d of April, when the vessel was 
 wrecked sixty miles from the island of Abaco. Fortunately 
 the volunteers and crew were saved by a ship bound for 
 Havana and safely landed at that port. After spending a 
 few days in Havana to recruit their health, the troops 
 crossed the Gulf and entered Mexico. Mr. Hodge remained 
 in the enemy’s country until the close of the war, doing 
 creditable service under Generals Zachary Taylor and John 
 E. Wool. Hostilities having ceased, Mr. Hodge returned 
 to New York, and shortly after entered the Geauga Semi- 
 nary, in Geauga county, Ohio. Here he applied himself 
 
LIOGRAPIIICAL 
 
 industriously and made rapid progress. Upon leaving 
 school he taught for some lime to the satisfaction of his 
 patrons. In 1851 he again made his home in Cleveland. 
 In the following spring there was a general election for 
 municipal officers. Mr. Hodge was a candidate for Clerk 
 of the Police Court, to which position he was elected by the 
 largest vote polled for any candidate. At the expiration of 
 a three years’ term Mr. I lodge declined a renominalion, 
 and removed to Chicago, where he opened a printing es- 
 tablishment on his own account. lie remained in Chicago 
 until i860, when he disposed of his printing establishment, 
 went to Connecticut, and there engaged in mercantile busi- 
 ness. In a short time after his arrival he was made Post- 
 master of the village in which he resided, filling the office 
 for six years. He took an active interest in public affairs, 
 and by his intelligence and upright conduct won the con- 
 fidence of all who knew him. In 1862 Mr. Hodge was 
 elected to the House of Representatives of the General As- 
 sembly of Connecticut. In 1864 Mr. Hodge was elected to 
 the State Senate. He served his constituents so faithfully 
 that he was returned to the Senate, of which he was unani- 
 mously chosen the presiding officer. By this time he had 
 become prominent in State politics and was generally 
 respected and trusted. During the war the governor ap- 
 pointed Mr. Hodge on a commission to care for Connecti- 
 cut’s sick and wounded soldiers. He was also personally 
 authorized by the governor to receive the vote of the Con- 
 necticut soldiers in the field, cast for President in 1864. 
 Mr. Hodge discharged the duties of both of these positions 
 with intelligence and fidelity. In 1867 he disposed of his 
 interests in Connecticut and returned to Cleveland, where 
 he engaged in real estate operations. In 1871 he was 
 elected to the City Council, being successively re-elected in 
 1873 and 1875. In the latter year he was the choice of the 
 Republicans for President, but was defeated by one vote, 
 owing to the action of two or three members of his own 
 party. Mr. Hodge has born an active part in the promo- 
 tion of every public enterprise which promised to further 
 the growth and prosperity of Cleveland. He was one of 
 the earliest advocates of the viaduct project, and to him is 
 given the credit of securing the land along the lake for park 
 purposes. He has represented his district in the State 
 Legislature, being elected by a greater majority than any 
 other candidate received. Mr. Hodge is a skilful debater, 
 a forcible speaker, and one of the best parliamentarians in 
 Ohio. Throughout his private and public life he has main- 
 tained a character of strict integrity. He has been success- 
 ful in business as a result of hard work and natural fitne.ss 
 for the conduct of affairs. Several years since, failing 
 health obliged him to retire from business. Since then he 
 has lived on the accumulated fruits of his industry. Mr. 
 Hodge was a Democrat until the outbreak of the rebellion, 
 when he joined the Republican party, with which he has 
 since acted. In October, 1855, he married Lydia R. Doane, 
 by whom he has one son, grown almost to manhood. 
 
 ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 565 
 
 ILL, W. D., ex-Superintendent of Insurance, was 
 born in Virginia, about 1836. In 1848 he moved 
 to Ohio, where he attended the public schools 
 and made use of the remainder of his time on the 
 farm. Having laid a good foundation, he entered 
 Antioch College, at Yellow Springs, Ohio, of 
 which Horace Mann, of Massachusetts, was at that time 
 President. In 1857 Mr. Hill went to Springfield, Ohio, 
 and began a course of law reading with James M. Hunt. 
 Mr. Hill was admitted to the bar in i860. He entered 
 upon the practice of his profession in Springfield, of which 
 city he was elected Mayor in 1863. He discharged the 
 duties of the mayoralty for one year, and 'then became a 
 resident of Defiance county. In 1865 he was elected to the 
 lower House of the Legislature, from Defiance, Williams, 
 and Paulding counties. He was re-elected three succes- 
 sive times, by increased majorities. In 1870 Mr. Hill was 
 defeated for Congress in the Toledo District. For fifteen 
 years he has been actively engaged in the practice of his 
 profession. He has served several years as President of the 
 Defiance County Agricultural Society. In February, 1875, 
 Mr. Hill was appointed by Governor Allen to be Superin- 
 tendent of Insurance. He is at present counsel for the 
 Chicago Division of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. In 
 politics Mr. Hill is a Democrat, and has taken a prominent 
 place in his party. He is a member of the Democratic 
 State Central Committee from the Fifth District. June 3d, 
 1863, he married Augusta B. March, at Springfield. The 
 family residence is at Hickville, Defiance county. 
 
 ALZELL, JAMES M., Lawyer, was born, Sep- 
 tember 3d, 1838, in the city of Pittsburgh, Penn- 
 sylvania, and is a son of Robert and Anna Dal- 
 zell, now of Fayette Springs, Pennsylvania. They 
 are both living {1876), the former aged seventy- 
 four, and the latter seventy-six years; and are 
 both devout members of the Lhiited Presbyterian Church ; 
 they were married, December 25th, 1836, in Pittsburgh. 
 In 1847 the family left that city and took up their residence 
 in Noble county, Ohio, where their son James has ever 
 since remained. He graduated at Duff’s College, in 1856. 
 During the late civil war he served in the ranks of the 
 I i6th Regiment Ohio Volunteers, for three years; and after 
 his return home, received the appointment of a clerkshij) in 
 the Treasury Department at Washington, District of Colum- 
 bia, which he filled for two years. In 1868 he graduated 
 from the Columbian I.aw College, and also from the Co- 
 lumbian College, and commenced the practice of the law at 
 his home, at Caldwell, Ohio, in the same year, and has so 
 continued to the present time. He held the office of Dis- 
 trict Attorney of his county for two years ; and in the 
 autumn of 1875 was elected a member of the Ohio Legis- 
 lature on the Republican ticket, as a Representative from 
 
566 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL EN'CYCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 Noble county. Like his father, he was, prior to the organi- 
 zation of the Republican party, an Abolitionist of the ultra 
 school. For twenty years he has been an occasional con- 
 tributor to all .the leading newspapers in the country, and 
 since the war has generally written over the signature of 
 “ Private Dalzell,” by which name he is probably better 
 known than by his proper signature. He is a member of 
 the Old School Presbyterian Church, and a Ruling Elder 
 in that communion. He was married, November 29th, 
 1867, to Hattie M. Kelley, and is the father of four chil- 
 tlren — three daughters, Nellie Grant, Lena May and Anna, 
 and one son, James Monroe. Mrs. Dalzell has been a 
 member of the Methodist Episcopal Church for over twenty 
 years. She is one year younger than her husband, and 
 is a beautiful and noble woman. 
 
 IIISirOLM, HENRY, Iron Master, was born in 
 Lochgelly, Fifeshire, Scotland, April 22d, 1822. 
 At ten years of age he lost his father, Stewart 
 Chisholm, a mining contractor. He attended 
 school until he was twelve years of age, when he 
 was apprenticed to a carpenter and joiner for 
 five years. At the expiration of his apprenticeship he re- 
 moved to Glasgow and worked at his trade until he was 
 twenty, and then emigrated to Canada, and worked at his 
 trade in Montreal seven years, first as a journeyman and 
 then on his own account. His success was remarkable, as 
 his business became one of the most extensive of the kind 
 in that city. In 1850 he removed to Cleveland and con- 
 tracted to build the breakwater for the Cleveland & Pitts- 
 burgh Railroad Company, where their road terminates at 
 the lake. This work required three years, was from the 
 . first under his immediate supervision, and gave such entire 
 satisfaction that for a long time thereafter he was con- 
 stantly employed in constructing piers and docks along 
 Lake Erie, in front of Cleveland. In 1857, under the firm- 
 name of Chisholm, Jones £; Co., a rolling mill was erected 
 for the purpose of making railroad iron. Soon the firm 
 was changed, so that it was Stone, Chisholm & Jones. The 
 capacity of the mill was about fifty tons per day, and about 
 one hundred and fifty men were employed. The new rails 
 were made of iron from the ores of Lake Superior, which 
 was brought to Cleveland on the lakes ; but a part of the 
 work was re-rolling old rails. In 1859 his company built 
 a blast furnace in Newburg, which proved an important 
 addition to their works ; it was the first of the kind in that 
 part of Ohio. In i860 another furnace was built and ad- 
 ditions made to the rolling mill for the purpose of manufac- 
 turing all kinds of merchant iron as well as rails. He next 
 built a rolling mill in Chicago, and two blast furnaces in 
 Indiana to partially supply Chicago with pig-iron such as 
 was made in Cleveland from the ores of Lake Superior and 
 
 Missouri. His eldest son, William, was appointed general 
 manager of the Chicago mill. In 1864 the firm of Stone, 
 Chisholm & Jones established the Cleveland Rolling Mill 
 Company, into which the partnership merged, and the Lake 
 Shore Rolling Mill w'as added by purchase. In 1865 the 
 company constructed the Bessemer Steel Works, it being 
 the second in the United States and one of the most perfect 
 establishments of its kind in the world. It commenced 
 with twenty thousand tons annually, and enlarged until its 
 capacity was thirty thousand tons of steel yearly, gave em- 
 ployment to about fifteen hundred men and turned out 
 from tw'o to three million dollars worth of .steel each year. 
 Although the steel rails manufactured by the Bessemer 
 works were shipped to all parts of the country, and the de- 
 mand was constant in addition, at least ten thousand tons 
 of other steel, such as tire, merchant and spring steel, were 
 manufactured. A wire mill was added, which made an- 
 nually from four to five thousand tons of steel wire, from 
 the coarsest size to the finest hair. All shapes of steel 
 forging w'ere also produced at the Bessemer works. The 
 company owmed their own mines on Lake Superior, and 
 kept about twm hundred and fifty men employed in produc- 
 ing ore. The annual products of this company amounted 
 to between six and seven million dollars. In 1871 Mr. 
 Chisholm organized, independent of the Cleveland Roll- 
 ing Mill Company, the Union Rolling Mill Company of 
 Chicago, which did a business of about two and a half 
 million dollars. With his Chicago partners he erected 
 another rolling mill at Decatur, Illinois. All of these 
 establishments gave employmen'’ to twenty-five hundred 
 men, and the aggregate of the business was about ten mil- 
 lion dollars per annum. No iron business of this country 
 has ever achieved such enormous growth from such small 
 beginnings in so short a time. Mr. Chi.shohn, when he 
 landed in Montreal, in 1S42, had not a dollar. In 1857, 
 with twenty-five thousand dollars saved in eighteen years 
 from his earnings and contracts, he began the iron business, 
 and in less than eighteen years from that time he had an 
 investment of about ten million dollars. The panics never 
 materially injured his business, but his companies have 
 been able to aid many railroads in times of trouble. He 
 has never taken a prominent part in politics. Alt benevo- 
 lent institutions and those of a charitable and philanthropic 
 character h.ave received large donations from his liberal 
 hands. He was a trustee of four of the charitable institu- 
 tions of Cleveland, and for more than twenty years has been 
 an active member of the Second Baptist Church of the 
 city, and also one of its Deacons and Trustees. He is a 
 heavy stockholder in several banking and manufacturing 
 institutions. Before leaving Scotland he married Jean 
 Allen, of Dunfermline, Fifeshire, and now has five chil- 
 dren. The eldest son, Wdlliam, who exhibits the qualities 
 of his father in a marked degree, is manager of the Chicago 
 works; Stewart, the second son, is in charge of the rolling 
 mills in Cleveland; and Wilson B., the youngest, is in 
 

BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 567 
 
 charge of the works in Newburg, including steel works, blast 
 furnaces and rolling mills. He has two daughters, Kath- 
 arine and Jeannette. 
 
 OTZE, ADOLPHU.S, Manufacturer, was born in 
 the town of Muenden, in the late kingdom of 
 Hanover, August nth, 1812. His parents were 
 respectable Germans of the middle class and the 
 proprietors of an inn. It was during the invasion 
 of the French under the first Napoleon, and while 
 the invaders were quartered in the town, and some of them 
 in his parents’ inn, that Adolphus was born. The name 
 “Lotze”is German for “pilot,” and its representative in 
 Cincinnati has faithfully maintained its significance. At 
 the age of nine he lost his father, but his surviving parent 
 gave him a good education. He attended school until his 
 fourteenth year, and then became an apprentice to a tin- 
 smith in his native town. In this capacity he served four 
 years. Not caring to seek his fortune in a country already 
 overcrowded with skilled labor, and more especially having 
 an aversion to the life of a tramping journeyman, he re- 
 solved to emigrate to America. He embarked at Bremen, 
 October l8th, 1S30, and arrived at Baltimore in the De- 
 cember following. After working at his trade for a .short 
 time he turned his attention to the solving of the scientific 
 problem of heat and ventilation. From Baltimore he made 
 his way to Philadelphia, and thence to Newark, New York 
 and Boston, in all which places he applied himself to the 
 study of heat and ventilation through the agency of warm- 
 air furnaces. The vigorous prosecution of his experiments 
 was destined to make him a prosperous merchant and a 
 benefactor of humanity. In the spring of 1838 he took up 
 his residence in Cincinnati, and in the year following he 
 founded his present large and important manufacturing in- 
 dustry. He was the inventor and maker of the first warm- 
 air furnace manufactured in the Western States. This 
 furnace w.as built in the old residence of the Hon. D. K. 
 Este, at Ninth and Main streets, in 1840. .So well was 
 Judge Este pleased with it that he ordered one of the same 
 pattern for his new and more palatial residence, twenty 
 years later. In 1853 the inventor visited Europe, including 
 his birth-place, but spent most of his time in examining 
 and investigating the methods of heat and ventilation in 
 vogue there, as well as the various kinds of stoves, cooking- 
 ranges, etc., used. On his return he added to his business 
 the manufacture of cooking-ranges, and with a success that 
 far exceeded his expectations. Two years previous to this 
 he had erected his first business house at No. 217 Walnut 
 street, and this he was compelled from time to time to en- 
 large, until it now has a frontage of 33 feet on Walnut 
 street and a depth of 2O0 feet to I.odge street. Up to 1874 
 the firm-name was A. Lotze & Co., but at this date it 
 was changed to A. Lotze & .Sons, although the founder 
 was the only member of the firm. In May, 1875, a.sso- 
 
 ciated his two eldest sons in the business, each equally 
 sharing with himself. Having for two years been a sufferer 
 from a most terrible and insidious disease, he again visited 
 Europe in the summer of 1875, ■''* hope of being able 
 to effect a cure. His disease, known as progressive mus- 
 cular atrophy, has to this day baffled the skill of the most 
 eminent physicians and defied the curative properties of the 
 baths and mineral springs of Europe and America. Al- 
 though a confirmed invalid, his mind is unimpaired, and he 
 is never troubled with low spirits. His visit to Europe was 
 not followed by the least benefit, and he returned to the 
 bosom of his family after seven months’ absence. His af- 
 fliction, though weakening him day by day, is nevertheless 
 painless. But its silent ravages have unfitted him for the 
 activities of life, and his condition is such that he never 
 leaves his home, where he is surrounded by a large and 
 affectionate family. In February, 1840, he was married to 
 Magdalene Bering, a descendant of a noble family of 
 Rhenish Bavaria, and five sons and five daughters are the 
 fruits of this union. Nine of these survive. Several are 
 married. His third son, C. M. I.otze, is an attorney-at-law 
 in Cincinnati. Three .sons have charge of the business, the 
 youngest having succeeded the founder. The business is a 
 very prosperous one, and will ever reflect credit upon the 
 originator. For nearly forty years he devoted himself to 
 the study of the science of heat and ventilation, and he 
 ranks with the greatest men of his class in the world. He 
 succeeded beyond expectation in a city where many others 
 had lamentably failed, and the reputation of his manufac- 
 tures extends over the whole Western country. He has 
 given character to his business and made Cincinnati a 
 centre for the manufacture of heating and cooking ap- 
 paratus. 
 
 •^JEMPEL, FERDINAND FREDERIC, of Logan, 
 Hocking county, Ohio, Merchant, Banker and 
 Real Estate Operator, was born in Bielefeld, 
 Westphalia, Prussia, June 20th, 1824, and is the 
 youngest son of Hieronymus I*'. Rempel. He 
 comes of a family whose members have held 
 many important positions in their native country. His 
 father founded the College of Bielefeld, Prussia, and acted 
 as a professor in and superintendent of this institution until 
 the time of his death ; he was widely known, and highly 
 esteemed for his learning and intelligence. His oldest 
 brother, Frederic Rempel, was a professor at the college in 
 Ham, while another brother, Rudolph Rempel, attained 
 distinction as a politician, and was engaged extensively in 
 manufacturing pursuits in the city of Bielefeld, Prussia. The 
 laboring classes of that city, in acknowledgment of his great 
 and zealous interest in their welfare, caused the erection of a 
 splendid memorial monument in the garden of the Concordia 
 Society. He came to this country with his sister and brother- 
 in-law, G. Sporleder, in 1834, and settled with them, near 
 
568 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL E^XYCLO^.-ED^ A. 
 
 Lancaster, Ohio, on a farm now occupied by lion. J. T. Bra- 
 see. Mere he was subsequently engaged for a time, in the 
 interest of G. Sporleder, in a laboratory. His knowledge 
 of English study and the English language was acquired 
 primarily under the instructions of Captain August Witte, 
 a prominent foreigner of excellent attainments. Through 
 subsequent sedulous application he rapidly mastered the 
 difficulties of the new tongue, and at the present time con- 
 verses fluently in the English language. He remained with 
 his brother-in-law until 1838, when he removed to Colum- 
 bus, Ohio, in company with a distinguished German family 
 whose head was Baron Von Raschkauw, holding the po- 
 sitions of English tutor to the children and assistant to the 
 father. At the expiration of a brief period he relinquished 
 his connection with the family and returned to Lancaster, 
 Ohio, where he found employment as a clerk in a whole- 
 sale grocery store owned by F. 1 . Boving, there remaining 
 for one year, when he was appointed to take charge of 
 a branch store in Logan, Ohio. In 1843 6e became, 
 by purchase, the proprietor of this branch, and since then 
 has successfully conducted it as a general merchandise 
 store. Since 1840 he has been intimately identified as a 
 merchant with the trade interests of Logan and Hocking 
 county, and throughout this section of the State is favorably 
 known as a business man of intelligence, integrity and ability. 
 In 1846 he commenced his operations in real estate, mani- 
 festing from the outset shrewd judgment in his purchases, 
 and unwavering faith in the ultimate development of the 
 locality selected by him as his field of operations. In 1850 
 he returned to Europe, in order to visit his relatives and 
 friends, and there spent one year, travelling during that 
 time in Prussia, France and England. In 1855 he estab- 
 lished a line of stage coaches in the Hocking valley, and 
 conducted this enterprise with great profit until 1868. The 
 line eventually became one of the most extensive in the 
 State, and, through careful and efficient man.agement, con- 
 stantly enjoyed the fullest patronage of the public. Being 
 under the direct superintendency of John Borland, Esq., a 
 veteran stage-route manager, and agent formerly of the 
 Ohio Stage Company, in the selection of employes Colonel 
 Rempel exhibited good judgment, as they principally re- 
 mained in said employment, with him, until the completion 
 of the Hocking Valley Railroad dismissed the enterprise. 
 During the thirteen years of its existence, although its stages 
 traversed about two hundred miles per diem, its record was 
 not marred by a single accident. In politics, prior to the 
 outbreak of the rebellion, he was a supporter of the Dem- 
 ocratic party, but upon the initiation of active hostilities 
 was one of the first to abandon his ancient allies and join 
 the Union party as a war-Democrat. With that organiza- 
 tion he acted during the ensuing struggle. In 1861 he ran 
 as an Independent candidate, against the regular Dem- 
 ocratic nominee, for the Legislature of his State, and was 
 defeated by only five votes in Hocking county, which had 
 during an extended period of time given an average majority 
 
 of seven hundred for the regular Democratic ticket. Colonel 
 Rempel, in politics and representing local affairs, is classed 
 among the independent men of the State; with strong attach- 
 ment to friends, is fearlessly carrying out his own sentiments, 
 if in opposition to local popularity, and supporting with force 
 of character his own conviction of policy in local interests and 
 improvements. December 3d, 1861, he was appointed, by 
 Governor Dennison, Superintendent of Ohio troops in West 
 Virginia, with the rank of Captain of Cavalry; and on the 
 following December 5th was promoted to the rank of Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel of the 58th Regiment of Ohio Volunteer In- 
 fantry. From December 5th, 1861, until his regiment was 
 ordered to the front he was acting Post Commander at Camp 
 Chase. P'ebruary loth, 1862, his regiment was assigned to 
 General Thayer’s brigade, division of General Lew Wallace. 
 On the succeeding February 13th he was with, and in com- 
 mand of, his regiment at the important battle of Fort Don- 
 elson. The following lines, from “ Ohio in the War,” tell 
 their own story : “ Preparations were at once made to take 
 part in the assault on the fort. The colonel being sick, the 
 second officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Rempel, took command. 
 He led the regiment at once toward the enemy. After 
 moving a short distance a furious attack was made by the 
 enemy, but the shock was met with coolness, and ended 
 with the rebels being hurled back into their intrench- 
 ments.” P'ebruary 14th, 1862, he, with his regiment, was 
 the first to enter on the right of the rebel batteries, fronting 
 the Nashville road. There, forming a square, he received 
 the surrender of the confederate artillery commanders, who 
 were afterward sent to Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio. His 
 regiment participated afterward in the battle of Pittsburgh 
 Landing and in several other prominent actions. For his 
 services in the army he received the highest commendation 
 from his superior officers, especially from Generals Thayer, 
 Wallace, Strickland and McClernand, who, in official re- 
 ports, commended his capacity and gallantly. After his 
 promotion to the office of Provost-Marshal of the army, at 
 Pittsburgh Landing, he became prominently connected 
 with the leading officers of the Army of the Tennessee, and 
 acted an important part in the refutation of the malicious 
 charges then preferred against General Grant. On this oc- 
 casion he reported the facts to President Lincoln, and also 
 to the different departments. He held the office of Provost- 
 Marshal until he resigned his commission, in August, 1862, 
 in order to resume the conduct of his extensive business, 
 which had been suffering through his protracted absence. 
 Upon his return from the army he was appointed Provost- 
 Marshal in his district, and held this office until the close 
 of the war. That position, owing to the prevailing senti- 
 ment against the draft in Hocking county, was encompassed 
 with difficulties, but he was constrained to accept it through 
 the earnest solicitations of the best citizens of both the two 
 great political parties, and its duties were performed by him 
 in an entirety satisfactory manner. He was subsequently 
 appointed District Revenue Inspector, and, under special 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 569 
 
 orders, visited several important cities of the West. He 
 retained this office until it was abolished. He has also 
 acted as Deputy United States Marshal, under A. C. .Sands, 
 General Hickenlooper and Major Thrall. At the time 
 of the invasion of Ohio by the rebels, under General John 
 Morgan, he was noted as an active spirit, and, in command 
 of a volunteer company, continued in pursuit of the guerilla 
 chief until his final capture. After the war he resumed his 
 operations in real estate. In 1871 his enterprise and public 
 spirit found expression in the construction of a superb opera 
 house in his adopted town, a structure which reflects great 
 credit upon the city and upon the builder, and will long 
 stand as a monument of his industry and success. He is 
 now one of the largest property holders in the county, and 
 deservedly takes rank among the influential and valued 
 members of the community in which he lives and among 
 the leading citizens of the State of Ohio. Through his in- 
 fluence with the Post-office Department he has thoroughly 
 revised and increased the mail facilities of the county, and 
 in various other ways has aided importantly in increasing 
 its general welfare and prosperity. Colonel Rempel has 
 served as Postmaster, and repeatedly as a member of the 
 Council of Logan, and as Bank Director of the First 
 National Bank of Logan, in all of which his ability was 
 manifested and generally acknowledged. 
 
 'ASSAUREK, FREDERICK, Law'yer, Journalist 
 and Author, was born in Vienna, Austria, October 
 8th, 1832. The revolution of 1848 found him a 
 boy at college, where he participated, as a mem- 
 ber of the Academic Legion, in the defence of his 
 native city against the Imperial troops. In 1849 
 he came to the United States, and to Cincinnati, where he 
 found employment as sub-editor and translator on the Ohio 
 Slants Zeihing, a German daily newspaper. During the 
 following year he commenced the publication of Der Hoch- 
 wdchter, a weekly journal, which he sold after several years 
 of prosperous management. Having studied law, he was 
 admitted to the bar in 1857, and soon acquired a lucrative 
 practice. Taking a natural interest in the politics of the 
 day, he became one of the organizers of the Republican 
 party in Ohio, and one of its most prominent speakers, both 
 in German and English. In 1861 President Lincoln ap- 
 pointed him Minister Resident to the South American 
 Republic of Ecuador, with which he concluded a treaty 
 securing the establishment of a mixed commission for the 
 settlement of claims. Under this treaty he acted as Com- 
 missioner on the part of the United States, and some of his 
 decisions have frequently been cited before similar commis- 
 sions, and also by the Congressional Committees on Foreign 
 Affairs. In 1865 he resigned the mission to Ecuador, and 
 during the same year was connected as partner with the 
 Daily Volkshlatt, the leading German newspaper of Cincin- 
 
 72 
 
 nati. This journal is now the property of a company, of 
 which he is the President. He is also its editor-in-chief. 
 The result of his South American observations and re- 
 searches he published in a book, entitled “ Four Years 
 Among .Spanish-.\mericans.” He is the author of a ro- 
 mance, now in the press, and numerous essays on various 
 subjects. He is concerned in all movements of importance 
 to the city and State, and ever manifests in his labors a 
 large public spirit. 
 
 jgODDARD, HON. CHARLES BACKUS, Lawyer, 
 was born, 1796, in Plainfield, Connecticut, and 
 
 was a son of Hon. Calvin Goddard, a distin- 
 guished advocate and counsellor at law. Fle 
 received a superior academic education prepara- 
 tory to entering Yale College, and graduated 
 from that seminary in the class of 1814. He subsequently 
 entered the office of his father, then residing in Norwich, 
 with whom he commenced the study of law, completing his 
 readings under the preceptorship of Judge Griswold, of 
 Lyme. He was admitted to the bar in Connecticut, and 
 removed to Ohio, settling at Zanesville, where, in 1817, he 
 w.as admitted to the bar of the Ohio courts. He at once 
 commenced the practice of his profession in that town, 
 which he had made his residence, and continued there 
 until his death, nearly half a centuiy afterw'ards. He was 
 twice elected to the House of Representatives of the State, 
 and also twice to the State Senate, and was Speaker of the 
 latter body during one term. He married a daughter of 
 Daniel Converse, one of the pioneers of Muskingum county. 
 He died in Zanesville, February ist, 1864. 
 
 RMSTRONG, FRANK A., Manager of the West- 
 ern Union Telegraph Company and Member of 
 the Board of Education of Cincinnati, was born 
 in Cincinnati in 1838. His father, Frank N. 
 Armstrong, has been a resident of Cincinnati for 
 fifty years. He himself received his education 
 in the public schools of that city. At the age of fifteen he 
 entered the office of the old O’Riley line of telegraphs, as a 
 messenger, and has been uninterruptedly engaged in the 
 telegraph business ever since; but one man in Cincinnati has 
 now been longer connected with it than he. Mr. Armstrong 
 is a member of the National Telegraphers’ Life Associa- 
 tion, and is its agent in Cincinnati, has frequently been the 
 Cincinnati delegate to the New York Conventions, and has 
 been otherwise prominent in telegraph affairs. In 1872 he 
 was elected a member of the Board of Education. In 1874 
 he was again elected to that body and is one of its most 
 earnest and efficient working members. In the great Bible 
 contest in the schools of Cincinnati, Mr. Armstrong took an 
 
570 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 active outside stand against the sacred volume in the schools. 
 During this long career he has occupied the various inter- 
 mediate positions, until several years ago he vras made 
 Manager of the Cincinnati Offices of the Western Union 
 Telegraph Company. He began when telegraphy was in 
 its infancy in this country — when but four or five opera- 
 tors were partially employed in Cincinnati — when busi- 
 ness men were content to receive answer, at high rates, 
 from New York in a day, and he is one of the most 
 thoroughly posted and representative telegraph men of the 
 country. He possesses those traits of character which al- 
 ways distinguish the uncompromising opponent in questions 
 of principle, as well as enthusiastic support and attachment 
 in friendship and conscientious advocacy of right. He is 
 largely political in his aspirations, and here, as in social and 
 business affairs, is deservedly popular. He is yet a young 
 man, with an enviable career before him. In 1863 he was 
 married to S. Bella Peel. 
 
 i^EYS, JOHN FINLEY, one of the leading pioneer 
 merchants of Cincinnati, was born in Maytown, 
 Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, April 27th, 1786. 
 He was the eldest of the three sons of Richard 
 Keys, the son of James Keys, who came to this 
 country from the north of Ireland about the year 
 1750, and settled in Chester county, Pennsylvania. Richard 
 Keys was born in 1760, and at the age of nineteen became 
 a lieutenant in the revolutionary army. He was afterwards 
 married to Maiy Bayley, daughter of James Bayley, also 
 from the same part of Ireland. After Richard’s marriage 
 he lived at Anderson’s Ferry, or Marietta, on the Susque- 
 hanna river, then at Maytown, and in l8oi removed to 
 Baltimore, Maryland, where the subject of this sketch, at 
 the age of fifteen, began his career as a business man in a 
 shipping and commission house. In 1809 he was sent to 
 the West Indies on business of great importance connected 
 with his house. Executing this mission with satisfaction, 
 he returned to Baltimore, and in August of the following 
 year was married to Margaret Barr, sister of Major William 
 Barr. In December of the same year he moved to Cincin- 
 nati. Remaining but a few months, in the spring of 181 1 he 
 took up his residence in Chillicothe. There the mercantile 
 house of Barr & Keys was formed, and carried on an exten- 
 sive and successful business until in 1815, when he again 
 returned to Baltimore, and became a member of the firm of 
 B.irr, Keys & Welsh. But finding it to his taste and advan- 
 tage, in 1817 he returned to Cincinnati, with a view to making 
 it his permanent home. And there he did, indeed, remain 
 for nearly fifty years, only a few years before his death re- 
 siding at Glendale. During the greater part of that long 
 period he was actively engaged in business, and was thor- 
 oughly identified with all the best interests of the city. He 
 came to Cincinnati when it was without the pretensions of 
 
 a city, being but a village. In 1818 he himself built the 
 first three-story brick house ever erected in that city. This 
 building stood on the south side of Pearl street. He also 
 built, and for years occupied, the frame mansion at the foot 
 of Vine Street Hill, now a part of the McMicken estate, 
 and constituting a part of the McMicken University grounds. 
 This was then in the W'oods, far beyond the village or towm 
 limits. Few men were so long uninterruptedly concerned 
 in the growth and business of the city as Mr. Keys. And 
 doubtlessly no man ever lived more in the esteem and con- 
 fidence of the people of Cincinnati. Soon after his location 
 in Chillicothe, he was elected Ruling Elder in the Presby- 
 terian Church of that place. This position he filled in the 
 various churches with w'hich he was connected until his 
 death. In this long Christian record his great effort was to 
 illustrate his faith by his works, and in the church history 
 of Cincinnati, probably few men can be found w'ho suc- 
 ceeded better in this difficult undertaking. His family 
 relations were, like those of his church and society at large, 
 of the most exemplary character. This he realized in his 
 declining years, by the great care bestowed upon him by 
 his children. Four of his family of eight children are now 
 living in Cincinnati, and are knowm as W'orthy followers of 
 their universally esteemed Christian father. At his home 
 in Glendale, on the 19th day of May, 1865, this Christian 
 pioneer passed away, with the words upon his lips, “ May 
 the Lord not long delay his coming.” 
 
 RRETSON, JOSEPH, M. D., Homceopathic 
 Physician, was born, February 27th, 1808, in 
 York county, Pennsylvania. His parents w’ere of 
 English origin, members of the Society of Friends, 
 and followed an agricultural life. He attended 
 the country school near his home in early youth, 
 and upon his father’s removal, in 1821, to New Lisbon, 
 Columbiana county, Ohio, resumed his .studies in the 
 schools which that place afforded. When sixteen years old 
 he left home, and began life for himself in a tannery at 
 Salem, Ohio. After working for four years at this locality, 
 he joined his father, at the age of twenty, in a tannery which 
 the latter had purchased at New Lisbon, meanwhile becom- 
 ing a student in the private medical school of Dr. George 
 McCook in that town. For five years he worked with his 
 father and studied with the doctor. He then removed to 
 Marlborough, Stark county, and joined his cousin. Dr. Ker- 
 sey Thomas, with whom he remained two years. About this 
 time he became acquainted with Dr. Lee, of Ravenna, and 
 was led to investigate and finally adopt homoeopathy. Being 
 sanguine of its superiority over the allopathic school, and its 
 final triumph among the intelligent masses, he removed to 
 New Richmond, Ohio, and vigorously commenced his med- 
 ical career. He remained there four years, but believing a 
 larger field was now necessary he went to Richmond, In- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOPHiDIA. 
 
 571 
 
 cliana, where he sojourned for eleven years, guietly con- 
 quering much of the opposition and ridicule then so preva- 
 lent against the school of Hahnemann. Becoming unsatis- 
 fied, however, with his limited field, at the end of this long 
 practice in Richmond, among the numerous friends and 
 acquaintances gathered around him, he concluded to pro- 
 ceed to Cincinnati, and in 1865 joined his brother. Dr. 
 Jesse Garretson, in that city. After six years copartnership 
 he found it to his advantage to withdraw from this connec- 
 tion, and as his son George, after leaving the Union army 
 at the conclusion of the war, had completed his medical 
 education, he associated the latter with him in his practice. 
 He was, as has been remarked above, one of the pioneers in 
 homoeopathy, commencing when there were no schools in- 
 culcating that theory, and the new dogma, similia similibits 
 atranlur, was only presented for approval under trying cir- 
 cumstances. He thoroughly mastered the hydropathic 
 system, and at present attributes his great success to his 
 careful handling of all hygienic means, together with the 
 indicated homoeopathic remedies in which he early placed 
 his faith and staked both his reputation and chances of 
 success. To him the practice of medicine is a principle and 
 want of his life, and not the road to honor or the accumula- 
 tion of W'orldly goods. Considering the great mass of men, 
 his private personal habits are remarkable. For the past 
 fifty years ’he has drank neither tea nor coffee; for forty 
 years he has eaten no meat of any kind w’hatever, and for 
 sixteen years he abstained from the use of salt. Respecting 
 this latter article, he is satisfied that its disuse has been of 
 great benefit to him ; moreover, that his abstinence from 
 meats, coffee and tea, has added years of health and comfort 
 to his life. He never retires at night without a thorough 
 dry shampooing from head to feet, and immediately on 
 rising indulges in a bath. During twenty-seven years 
 of professional life he has never been prevented from at- 
 tendance upon a call, by reason of any personal ailment. 
 He was married in 1834 to Caroline Hughes, of Maryland, 
 a member of the Society of Friends, w'ho died April 12th, 
 1874. By this marriage he had three children, two of 
 whom survive. He was married a second time on Septem- 
 ber 22d, 1875. 
 
 Thompson, M. F., was bom, June 7th, 1822, in 
 the city of Wheeling (now West) Virginia, where 
 
 a) 
 
 
 C; 
 
 
 I 
 
 he was educated. He resided there until 1835, 
 when the family removed to Ohio, locating in the 
 village of Hebron, Licking county. Shortly after 
 becoming settled, he entered the service of Cully 
 & Taylor, the most prominent merchants, pork packers, and 
 grain dealers in the place. He lived with the family of the 
 senior partner, receiving sixty dollars the first year for his 
 services in addition to his board. After remaining with 
 them three years he went to Zanesville, where he found im- 
 
 mediate employment as a salesman in the dry-goods estab- 
 lishment of Taylor & Brother. His engagement here lasted 
 several years, but being somewhat ambitious to move in a 
 wider field, he resigned his position, and left for Cincinnati, 
 where he arrived in April, 1843. He was accompanied by 
 a friend who was under an engagement to enter the employ 
 of Robert Hazlett as a clerk, that gentleman intending to 
 open a dry-goods house on Fifth street west of Race, which 
 establishment was familiarly known as the Bee-Hive. 
 Without any friends in the city, without any special letters 
 of recommendation other than testimonials of good charac- 
 ter and capacity for business, and without any great super- 
 abundance of means, he was naturally anxious enough to 
 find employment. It so happened that the proprietor of the 
 Bee-Hive concluded that he might find him to be of service 
 to him, and he was immediately installed as a salesman in 
 his establishment. During his connection with this house 
 he became largely acquainted with the best families in the 
 city, and numbered among them many warm personal 
 friends. He also attended a commercial academy, where 
 he was thoroughly instructed in double-entry bookkeeping, 
 and fitted himself to take charge of the books and counting- 
 room correspondence of a large business. Being desirous 
 of obtaining a position in a wholesale house, where his ac- 
 quirements could be appreciated, he left the Bee-Hive after 
 several years of service therein, and entered the wholesale 
 grocery establishment of Thomas II. Minor & Co., one of 
 the largest and most successful houses of its kind in the city. 
 At this time he received for his services a salary, not only 
 sufficient to support himself comfortably, but also to en- 
 able him to contribute in some measure to the help of some 
 of his kindred. He remained with this firm for several 
 years, during which time there existed between himself and 
 the partners the most agreeable and confidential relations. 
 At the instance of the senior partner, he was solicited to 
 unite with Charles Fisher — the latter having been a pork- 
 packer at one time— and open a wholesale grocery and 
 commission house, without any cash capital, and without 
 any absolute knowledge of the business save that acquired 
 through a counting-room education. He reluctantly con- 
 sented to form a copartnership, and business was commenced 
 under the firm-name of Fisher & Thompson. By close ap- 
 plication and persistent efforts the business of the house, 
 including its commission sales, reached a very respectable 
 amount, although by reason of the depressed condition of 
 the country, the prevalence of the cholera during the sum- 
 mers of 1848 and 1849, ^^so the great flood during the 
 winter of 1847-48, the profits in the business were not re- 
 munerative, and he withdrew from the concern. During 
 his connection with this enterprise, the firm had all the credit 
 it needed for the prosecution of its business, with anqile 
 a.ssets to meet the liabilities. He next engaged with the 
 firm of Bates, Whitcher & Co., wholesale dealers in hats, 
 caps, furs and straw goods, taking charge of the books, cor- 
 respondence and finances, which position he retained iqi to 
 
572 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 the spring of 1S54, when he, with W. C. Whitcher as a 
 copartner, purchased the stock and good-will of Ira II. 
 Chase, who was then retiring from the hat and cap business. 
 The new firm assumed the name and style of M. F. Thomp- 
 son & Co., which continued until the death of W. C. Whit- 
 cher, which occurred in the year 1862, when it was dissolved 
 by that event. lie then purchased the interest of his late 
 partner from the estate, assuming and liquidating all the lia- 
 bilities, and in addition to the capital contributed by his late 
 partner, paid to the administrators of the estate a profit of 
 nearly j!!20,ooo. He has since associated with him Charles 
 S. Goodrich and Calvin Feeble, under the firm-name of 
 Thompson, Goodrich & Co., and continued the business. 
 At the commencement of the house the sales were small, 
 but steadily increased, and in no small measure remunerative. 
 It has been a matter for congratulation that the credit of the 
 house has always been undoubted, and this has been owing, 
 not so much to the amount of capital invested, as to the 
 fact that their engagements have ever been promptly met, 
 never permitting an open account to fully mature, nor a note 
 to be extended. He united with the Presbyterian Church 
 in 1857, and has held official relations for the past fifteen 
 years in the congregations of which he has been and is a 
 member. He has been connected with the Mercantile 
 Library for twenty years past, and was in the Board of 
 Directors in the year 1851. He was married, February 
 17th, 1853, to Anna Maria Reakirt, and has three children 
 living. 
 
 ‘'OLLIN.S, GILBERT G., Lawyer, was born 
 Essex county, New Jersey, July loth, 1S30. He 
 is the son of Andrew T. Collins and Mary 
 (Green) Collins; his father was of English and 
 Irish descent, his mother of Scotch descent. In 
 the spring of 1839 he removed with his parents 
 to Franklin county, Ohio, and settled near Columbus, where 
 they resided until the decease of his parents, his father 
 being a teacher in the public schools. At an early period 
 he became a diligent and earnest student, and acquired, 
 largely by his own energy and industry, a good education. 
 From 1854 to 1859 he was engaged in teaching, and in 
 preparing himself to enter upon the study of the law, the 
 profession he had long cherished. In March, 1859, he 
 commenced the study of law with Messrs. Dennison & 
 Carrington, at Columbus, but before his studies were com- 
 pleted Mr. Dennison was elected Governor of Ohio, and 
 Mr. Carrington was appointed Adjutant-General of the 
 State, and Mr. Collins being left without an instructor in 
 the law, was induced to accept a position as Clerk of the 
 Adjutant-General, in which he remained during the early 
 part of the war of rebellion. He nevertheless continued to 
 read law, and in March, 1861, was admitted to practise in 
 the State Courts, and afterwards in the United States 
 Courts. In the spring of 1862 he commenced the practice 
 
 of law in connection with Mr. Dennison, whose term of 
 office as Governor had expired. They continueo in asso- 
 ciation for about two years, when Mr. Dennison, being ten- 
 dered the office of Postmaster-General by President Lincoln 
 and accepting the position, Mr. Collins continued the prac- 
 tice. Politically he is a Republican, and has been since the 
 party was first organized, but has never taken an active part 
 in politics. In 1873 he consented to become the Republi- 
 can candidate for the office of City Solicitor of Columbus, 
 and although his party was greatly in the minority, he was 
 elected, and held the office two years, during which time he 
 conducted the business of his department with ability and 
 success. He inaugurated a system of retrenchment and 
 reform in the administration of the city government, that has 
 placed the city upon a sound and safe financial basis, and 
 insured its credit at home and abroad. He has been for a 
 number of years past prominently connected with the va- 
 rious interests of Columbus, and has taken an active part in 
 extending and building up the city, and establishing manu- 
 facturing and various other industries and enterprises that 
 are making it a thriving and prosperous community, and 
 benefiting all central Ohio. As a lawyer he stands well, 
 and has an extensive practice. He is a man of strict in- 
 tegrity, and possesses the confidence and esteem of the 
 community. 
 
 ECHMANN, CHARLES V., Civil Engineer and 
 Lawyer, was born, October 13th, 1820, in 
 
 Rothenfels, Grand Duchy of Baden, Germany, 
 and is the fifth of eleven children, whose parents 
 were Ludwig and Euphrosine (Finkj^lechmann, 
 both natives of Baden, and died there. He re- 
 ceived a liberal education, and in 1845 graduated from the 
 Polytechnic Institute of Carlsruhe, Germany. His first oc- 
 cupation after graduation was that of a Civil Engineer in the 
 service of the government, in which he continued until the 
 revolution of 1848 broke out. Having sympathized with 
 this movement and rendered assistance to tho.se engaged in 
 this movement against the government, he as an officer of 
 the army was forced to seek safety in flight, and in 1850 
 landed at New York. He remained in that city some two 
 months, making window blinds, and thence removed to 
 Newark, New Jersey, where he jiassed a year, having found 
 employment as a trunk maker. In March, 1851, he went to 
 Cincinnati, and became engaged with Architect Rodgers as 
 a draughtsman, remaining with him a year; and subse- 
 quently practised his profession as Civil Engineer and Ar- 
 chitect for five years. At this time he was appointed by 
 Secretary S. P. Chase, Assistant Internal Revenue Collector, 
 in which position he served until 1865. He was then 
 elected a member of City Council, serving as such for two 
 years, up to the close of 1866. In 1867 he was elected 
 County Commissioner, and held that office until 1870. He 
 then commenced the practice of law, which, with his duties 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 573 
 
 
 as Magistrate, has confined his attention to the present 
 time. His political views are those of the liberal Repub- 
 licans. He was m.^rried, in March, 1850, to Magdalena 
 Gangwisch, who died in leaving one child. He was 
 
 married the same year to Margaretta Zwicker. 
 
 2 IRTLAND, JARED POTTER, M. D., EL. D„ 
 Scientist, was born, November loth, 1793, 
 Connecticut, and was the son of Tarhand and 
 fj Mary (Potter) Kirtland, and grandson of the late 
 Jared Potter, a distinguished physician of Wal- 
 lingford, Connecticut. He was adopted into the 
 family of his grandfather, and from him and the common 
 schools he acquired his early education. His father being 
 largely interested, in 1799 was appointed General Agent of 
 the Connecticut Land Company, and in 1803 he removed 
 with his family to Poland, Mahoning county, Ohio. From 
 1807 to 1810 Jared pursued his classical studies in the 
 Wallingford and Cheshire academies. At the age of twelve 
 he was an expert at budding and engrafting, and a student 
 of the Linnaan system of botany. He also, with some 
 assistance, managed the extensive orchards of white mul- 
 berry trees established by his grandfather for the cultivation 
 of silk-worms. In 1810 his father became alarmed on 
 account of his health, and sent for him to come West ; and 
 in May of that year, accompanied by Joshua Stow, of Mid- 
 dletown, Connecticut, he started on horseback for Ohio. 
 At Lowville he was joined by Alfred Kelly, on his way to 
 Cleveland. June 4th the parly reached Conneaut Creek, 
 where Judge Stow had landed with General Cleveland’s 
 party, July 4thj 1776. At Painesville they met General 
 Simon Perkins, and journeyed with him to Warren, and 
 thence, by way of Youngstown, another day’s journey 
 brought young Kirtland to Poland, where he found his 
 father, who had recovered from his supposed dangerous 
 illness. He was .soon engaged in teaching school. In 
 1811 his grandfather died suddenly, and left him his medi- 
 cal libraiy and money enough to attend the medical school 
 in Edinburgh, Scotland. On his return to Wallingford he 
 commenced the study of medicine in the office of Dr. John 
 Andrews, and later in that of Dr. Sylvester Wells, of Hart- 
 ford, Connecticut, both of whom had been pupils of his 
 grandfather. In 1813 he was well fitted to enter Edin- 
 burgh College, but the war with Great Britain prevented ; 
 and as the medical department of Yale College would go 
 into operation the ensuing winter, it received and recorded 
 his name as the first on the matriculation book of that insti- 
 tution. The class of that term consisted of thirty-eight 
 members, among whom were Beriah Douglas, father of 
 Stephen A. Douglas, and John A. Tomlinson, father of 
 Mrs. Belknap, the wife of the ex-Secretary of War. While at 
 Yale he received private instruction in botany from Pro- 
 fessor Ives, and in mineralogy and geology from Professor 
 
 Sillman, and made also great progress in the science of 
 zoology without a teacher. After one year at Yale his 
 health required him to take a vacation, which was passed at 
 Wallingford during a time of general sickness. As a phy- 
 sician, quasi, he was very succe.ssful in administering to the 
 sick. He then entered the celebrated medical school in 
 the University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia. In 1815 
 he returned to Yale and graduated, and at once settled 
 down to practise in Wallingford, Connecticut, where he 
 remained two years, and superintended his grandmother’s 
 farm, and in his spare hours studied geology, ornithology, 
 and horticulture. In 1818 he again journeyed to Poland 
 and made arrangements to remove his family. But during 
 his absence he was elected, against his expressed wishes. 
 Probate Judge, and he felt compelled to accept the office, 
 and performed its duties, with the aid of a clerk, until he 
 was invited to settle as a physician in Durham, Connecti- 
 cut, where he remained until 1823, when the death of his 
 wife and daughter occurred. He then settled his business, 
 and with his father, who was on a visit at his house, re- 
 turned to Ohio. Although he did not intend to practise 
 medicine, but to be a farmer and merchant, calls were con- 
 stantly made upon him, and finally he associated with him 
 Dr. Eli Mygatt, an able physician. In 1828 he was elected 
 a representative to the Legislature, where he succeeded in 
 putting an end to close confinement in the State’s prison 
 and in deriving a profit from the labor of the convicts, so 
 that he was called “ the father of the new penitentiary.” 
 He continued in the Legislature through three successive 
 terms; in the last he succeeded in carrying through the bill 
 for chartering the Ohio & Pennsvivania Canal. It was 
 opposed by the Beaver Canal Company, which had pre- 
 viously obtained a charter. In 1837 he accepted the Chair 
 of the Theory and Practice of Medicine, in the Ohio Medi- 
 cal College, at Cincinnati, and continued in that institution 
 until 1842, when he resigned. In 1848, when the first 
 geological survey of Ohio was made, he took part as an 
 assistant of the natural history of the State. His reports 
 embrace a catalogue of the fishes, birds, reptiles, and mol- 
 lusks of Ohio, and were published in the Boston yottrnal 
 of Natural Sciences and in the Family Visitor. He com- 
 menced a cabinet of Ohio mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, 
 and a perfected cabinet of the land and fresh-water shells 
 of Ohio. The I.egislature stopped the survey, and ulti- 
 mately he donated his collections to the Cleveland Acad- 
 emy of Natural History. In 1837 he had made his residence 
 in the neighborhood of Cleveland, where he purchased a 
 fruit farm. In 1841 he accepted the Chair of Theory and 
 Practice and Physical Diagnosis in the Willoughby Medical 
 .School, where he lectured one year. In 1843 he filled a 
 similar chair in the new medical department of Western 
 Reserve College, in Cleveland, and continued in it until 
 1864. In 1834 he announced the existence of sex among 
 the naiades — this was in Vol. XXVI. of the “American 
 Journal of Art and Science.” He decided that the fresh- 
 
574 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 water shells of Ohio were of different sexes, not hermaphro- 
 dite, as had been supposed. The translators of the Ger- 
 man “ Encyclopaedia Sconographie ” attempted to refute it. 
 But Professor Agassiz said : “ Dr. Kirtland’s views are 
 entirely correct, and have been sustained by my own and 
 the German naturalists’ investigations.” Siebold, Dr. 
 Burnett, Charles Knight’s “ English Cyclopaedia,” and 
 Isaac I.ea also sustained his views. He made other most 
 wonderful discoveries among the fishes. Space will not 
 permit the recounting of his successes in scientific fanning ; 
 but he experimented constantly from 1812 to 1847, with 
 great results. In 1861 the College of Williamsburg, Massa- 
 chusetts, conferred upon him the degree of LL.D., but at 
 home he is known as “ The Sage of Rockport.” When the 
 war of the rebellion came he offered his services to Gover- 
 nor Todd, and as Examining Surgeon for the recruits of 
 the old regiment at Columbus. Later, he was detailed to 
 examine several thousand men who were drafted. He 
 donated all of his pay to the bounty fund of Rockport and 
 to the Soldiers’ Aid Society. He was President of the 
 State Medical Society of Ohio for one year, and for many 
 years President of the Cleveland Academy of Natural 
 Sciences and of Kirtland Society of Natural History, in 
 Cleveland. At the age of seventy he declined to lecture 
 on any subject, believing that economy of time was as 
 necessary to intellectual success as financial success. He 
 had printed over his table the motto, “ Time is money ; I 
 have none of either to spare.” Of his long life and great 
 labors more than half have been given to the public with- 
 out compensation. When by long and tedious experiments 
 he found fruits especially adapted to Ohio, slips, seeds, and 
 young trees were gratuitously distributed throughout the 
 country. He received the title of Philosopher from the 
 American Philosophical Society, in January, 1875. He 
 was married in 1815 to Caroline Atwater, of Wallingford, 
 Connecticut. Three children were born to them, but only 
 one lived — the wife of Charles Pease. In 1824 or 1825 he 
 was again married to Hann.ah Fitch Toucey, of Newtown, 
 Connecticut. Those who are qualified to judge of him 
 say, “ His eminent success in the field of science is attrib- 
 utable to his untiring industry and in his inextinguishable 
 thirst for knowledge.” He is still living. 
 
 EHRENBATCH, HON. JOHN, Member of the 
 Sixty-second General Assembly of Ohio, was 
 born at Rochester, New York, June 29th, 1844, 
 of French parentage. Left motherless at the 
 tender age of three years, and compelled, through 
 the poverty of his father, to go into the workshop 
 in his eighth year, he entered that school of hardship and 
 toil which has given to the world its ablest orators, states- 
 men, and leaders. He first commenced work in a woollen 
 manufactory, being necessitated to begin work at six o’clock 
 
 in the morning and continue until seven in the evening. 
 He obtained the rudiments of a common school education 
 by walking from the shop two miles to a night school, and 
 after school walking home, a distance of two miles more, 
 and doing this without his supper, and after working hard 
 for twelve hours each day. This he continued for five 
 winters. In 1857 his father bound him as an apprentice to 
 a blacksmith. He served out his time, and in April, i860, 
 for the first time left his home, going to Peterborough, 
 Ontario, and landing there with ten cents in silver as his 
 worldly possessions. Greatly desiring to be a machinist, he 
 here learned that trade, and at the expiration of his time 
 started for Ohio, reachingiCleveland in August, 1863. He 
 worked at this trade in Cincinnati, Ohio, Evansville and 
 Indianapolis, Indiana, and Nashville, Tennessee, at which 
 place he was employed by the government on the United 
 States Military Railroad during a portion of the war. In 
 1865 he returned to Indianapolis and went through a course 
 in Purdue College (evenings), working during the day. 
 While at Evansville, in 1864, he connected himself with 
 the Machinists’ and Blacksmiths’ Union, No. 5, of Indiana, 
 and in the same year was elected Vice-President of Union 
 No. 4, of that State. In 1865 he was elected Special Cor- 
 responding Secretary of Union No. 4, with instructions to 
 open a correspondence with the various trades’ organiza- 
 tions throughout the State, with a view to obtain mutual 
 action on the eight hour question. In the fall of the same 
 
 year he was elected Secretary of the Grand Eight Hour 
 
 League of Indiana. Mr. Fehrenbatch was elected as dele- 
 gate to the special sessions of the National Labor Union, 
 held in New York city in July, 1868. In the fall of 1870 
 
 he returned to his old home in Rochester, New York. 
 
 Here he remained six months, working with untiring 
 energy and zeal for the building up of the Union in that 
 city, and with very flattering results. In September, 1872, 
 he was elected President of the Machinists’ and Black- 
 smiths’ International Union, at a convention of that body, 
 held in Cleveland, Ohio. He started in April, 1872, on an 
 organizing tour through the Southern, a portion of the 
 Middle, and the Western States, and met with great suc- 
 cess. His labors were continued until the meeting of the 
 International Union, in Albany, New York, in September, 
 1872, when he was re-elected by a vote which showed that 
 his labors were duly appreciated. Shortly after the conven- 
 tion, in connection with M. A. Foran, William Saffin, and 
 Harry Walle, he commenced an agitation which resulted in 
 the organization of the Industrial Congress of the United 
 States, of which he was elected the first President. From 
 the adjournment of the congress up to the present time he 
 has labored assiduously for the advancement of, not only 
 the interests and welfare of the machinists and blacksmiths 
 of America, but to ameliorate the condition of all who seek 
 a livelihood by honest industry. He was elected to the 
 Ohio House of Representatives, on the Republican ticket, 
 from Cuyahoga county, in 1875. He was married at In- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 575 
 
 dianapolis, May 20th, 1S65, to Margaret Wells. His wife 
 dying in 1S69, he married, in 1S72, Lucetta Barnes, of 
 Cleveland. He has three children, a son and two daughters. 
 
 yXUMPS, HON. JOSEPH C., Member of the 
 Sixty-second General Assembly of Ohio, was born 
 in Hocking county, Ohio, January 20th, 1824. 
 He is the son of Peter and Mary (Culp) Stumps. 
 His father was a farmer, and his advantages for 
 an education were limited to the winter terms of 
 the district school. Here he grew to manhood. Taught 
 school seven years; served as Justice of the Peace two 
 terms. He learned the trade of wool-carding and followed 
 it seven years. He was married in May, 1844, to Malinda 
 Julian, and in 1863 removed to Van Wert county, where 
 he engaged in agricultural pursuits, and where he still re- 
 sides. His wife having died, he married, in 1872, Dorothy 
 Conrad. He was elected to the lower House of the Gen- 
 eral Assembly, on the Democratic ticket, in October, 1875, 
 and is holding this position at the present time (April, 
 1876). 
 
 ITCHCOCK, HON. PETER, Lawyer, and Judge 
 of the Supreme Court of Ohio, was the youngest 
 of eight children of Valentine and Sarah Hitch- 
 cock, of Cheshire, Connecticut, and was born 
 October 19th, 1781. His parents were pious, and 
 the influence of their fidelity in his early religious 
 training and instruction was never obliterated by the cares 
 and temptations of a busy public life. Like many others 
 who have risen to posts of distinguished usefulness and 
 honor, he was dependent, in part, on his own exertions for 
 the means of securing a liberal education. He graduated 
 at Yale College, in the class of 1801. He then pursued the 
 study of law in the office of Barzillai Slosson, Litchfield, 
 Connecticut, and in 1803 was admitted to practise. Soon 
 after he established an office in his native town, and, 
 December 12th, 1805, was married to Nabby Cook, daugh- 
 ter of Elam Cook, of the same place. The fruit of this 
 marriage has been ten children, of whom three have died — 
 two in infancy, and the other a promising youth at the age 
 of nearly fourteen. His surviving children — three sons 
 and four daughters — he lived to see settled in life and occu- 
 pying positions of respectability and usefulness, and what 
 was yet more grateful to his heart, all the professed follow- 
 ers of Christ. In 1806 he removed with his family to Ohio, 
 and in June arrived at Burton, Geauga county, which he 
 adopted as the place of his permanent residence. Here he 
 experienced the privations and inconveniences incident to 
 a new settlement in a wide and almost unbroken wilder- 
 ness ; and in order to provide for his family he united with 
 the duties of his profession the labors of clearing and cul- 
 
 tivating his farm, and of the school-room. In 1810 he was 
 elected to the lower House of the General Assembly of the 
 State, his district embracing the territory now comprised in 
 the counties of Ashtabula, Lake, Geauga, Cuyahoga, Lorain, 
 Huron, and Erie. In 1812 he was chosen to the Senate ; 
 his district including, in addition to the above, the present 
 counties of Medina, Summit, and Portage. Having been 
 re-elected, in the sessions of 1815-16 he was chosen 
 Spe.iker of the Senate. In 1816 he was elected to repre- 
 sent his district in Congress ; that district being composed 
 of the whole Western Reserve and the counties of Colum- 
 biana, Stark, Richland, Holmes, Tuscarawas, Knox, 
 Wayne, and a part of Carroll. In February, 1818, he was 
 elected by the Legislature one of the Judges of the Supreme 
 Court of Ohio, and by renewal of the appointment he 
 secured two consecutive terms of seven years each. In the 
 fall of 1833 he was again chosen to the State Senate, and 
 in the sessions of 1834-35 occupied the Speaker’s chair. 
 In 1835 he was re.stored to .the Bench of the Supreme 
 Court; and in 1845, after an interval of three years devoted 
 to legal practice, was re-elected to the same office. His 
 last term closed in 1852, making twenty-eight years of ser- 
 vice in the highest judicature of the State. In the spring 
 of 1850 he was chosen to the Convention for revising the 
 Constitution of the State, and took a prominent part in its 
 transactions. The record of the important and responsible 
 positions which he occupied is itself the best evidence that 
 he had won from his compeers and fellow-citizens no ordi- 
 nary esteem and confidence in his integrity, wisdom, and 
 patriotism. In legal acumen, clearne.ss, and justness of 
 comprehension he had few superiors, while in conscientious- 
 ness and purity of purpose in the discharge of his official 
 duties he was second to none. His private character was 
 no less pure than his official. From the outset of his 
 career he was a decided friend and promoter of education, 
 morals, and religion. Long before he professed a personal 
 interest in the gospel he was an earnest advocate of its 
 principles. None seemed more anxious than he that its 
 institutions should be su.stained, or more pleased when 
 they were crowned with the divine blessing. On the 4th 
 of March, 1832, just twenty-one years before the day of his 
 death, he publicly professed his faith in Christ, and united 
 with the Congregational Church of Burton, of which, until 
 his death, he remained a blessed and valuable member. 
 In this relation, indeed, he was a model which many might 
 imitate with marked benefit to themselves and the interests 
 of religion. When at home nothing but real infirmity in 
 himself or family was ever permitted to detain him from the 
 public services of the sanctuary. A leading element in his 
 Christian character was a steadfast integrity in obeying his 
 convictions of duty. He was no stranger to deep religious 
 sensibility, but the fitful impulses of emotion were not 
 needed to rouse him to action. In taste and feeling he was 
 opposed to artificial parade and .show, a lover of republican 
 simplicity of style and manners, and at the same time a pat- 
 
576 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 tern of generous and hearty hospitality. To those who 
 viewed him at a distance his manner seemed reserved and 
 cold ; but a more intimate acquaintance revealed a heart 
 warm with all the genial sympathies of love and friendship. 
 He was privileged not to outlive his activity and usefulness, 
 but to fall at the post of duty in the unblunted vigor of his 
 strong intellect. Early in December, 1852, he repaired to 
 Columbus to attend the Court in Banc. He was retained 
 in some cases of importance, and one in particular which 
 required profound effort in the preparation of the argument. 
 His intense application aggravated and developed a disease 
 to which he was predisposed, and which was the cause of 
 his death. He left Columbus in February for his home, 
 but was not able to proceed further than his son’s, in 
 Painesville, where he died on March 4th, 1853. It was 
 said of him after his death : “ By this event the State, the 
 church, the neighborhood, and the family circle, of which 
 he was a light and ornament, have sustained an irreparable 
 loss. None knew him intimately but to respect and love 
 him. Few men through so long a series of years have re- 
 ceived more decisive proofs of public esteem and general 
 confidence; for most of his mature life has been spent in 
 official stations of high trust and responsibility. In his 
 death Ohio mourns the removal of one of her most beloved 
 and honored citizens — one whose best energies have with 
 conscientious integrity been devoted to the promotion of 
 her best interests.” 
 
 HAWHAN, REZIN \V., Merchant, was born, 
 October 19th, 1811, in Berkeley county, Vir- 
 ginia, and is the youngest son of Frederick Shaw- 
 han, w'ho was a native of Kent county, Maryland, 
 but had settled in Virginia after the war of the 
 Revolution, in which he was an active partici- 
 pant, having enlisted when but seventeen years of age, and 
 served under Generals Wayne, Greene, La Fayette, and 
 Washington. He was at the capture of Stony Point, by 
 Wayne ; at the battle of Monmouth, the crossing of the 
 Delaware, and the subsequent capture of the Hessians at 
 Trenton. In 1812 he removed to Ohio, and at first located 
 in Fairfield county. In 1820 he removed to Wayne county, 
 and afterwards settled in Seneca county, and died near 
 Tiffin, August 26th, 1840, in the eightieth year of his age. 
 Rezin was employed on a farm until he was about fifteen 
 years old. His educational advantages were exceedingly 
 limited, comprising only that which could be obtained in 
 the district schools of that day, and amounting in all to 
 about eight months. About the year 1826 he entered the 
 store of William McComb, in Wooster. When eighteen 
 years of age he was employed as a clerk by Zopher T. 
 Moore, with whom he remained about three ‘years. In 
 /833 he visited Seneca county, where his father had set- 
 tled, and in the autumn of that year accompanied his former 
 employer, Z. T. Moore, to New York, where he purchased 
 
 a stock of goods, getting credit on Mr. Moore’s recommen- 
 dation. On his return to Ohio he opened a store in Tiffin, 
 which was then comparatively a new town, having been 
 laid out but a few years, and contained a population of 
 about five hundred. He had but a limited capital when he 
 first embarked in business, but rapidly increased it by fru- 
 gality and good management. He was thus actively en- 
 gaged for eighteen years, selling goods and purchasing 
 grain and all kinds of produce. The nearest shipping 
 point on the lake was at Sandusky, and all goods required 
 wagon transportation from the latter place to Tiffin until 
 1840, when the Mad River Railroad was constructed from 
 Sandusky to Tiffin, which was the terminus for some years. 
 Thus the country improved very much, and trade at Tiffin 
 increased rapidly after the line was opened for travel. In 
 1851, feeling the need of relaxation, he closed up his busi- 
 ness in Tiffin, and transferred his stock to a branch store at 
 Cary, which he had established a few years previously. 
 He completed, in 1850, the Shawhan House, and having 
 leased it, reserved a suite of rooms therein for himself and 
 wife, wherein he passed the three following years in study, 
 paying particular attention to geography, histoiy, and the 
 natural sciences. The limited schooling he had received 
 during youth seemed to him to demand an increase of 
 knowledge, and he availed himself of his leisure hours to 
 acquire a first-class education. He commenced the pur- 
 chase of standard works, and has now the best private 
 library in that portion of the State. He regards these three 
 years of relaxation and mental culture as time well em- 
 ployed. In 1854 and 1855 he travelled much in Michigan 
 and Wisconsin, and during the latter year purchased 2000 
 acres of land in Dane county, Wisconsin. In December, 
 1857, he made a trip with his wife to Cuba, where he 
 passed the winter, and returned via New Orleans. He 
 attended the land sales at Omaha, Nebraska, and Leaven- 
 worth, Kansas, in 1858, where he purchased some 30,000 
 acres of government land, all of which paid well. In the 
 same year he joined G. Sneath in starting the Bank of 
 Tiffin, which, after the war, was merged into the National 
 Exchange Bank of Tiffin, in which he has been a large 
 stockholder since its organization. In August, 1862, he 
 purchased from his nephew, F. R. Shawhan, who was in 
 the dry-goods trade, the latter’s interests in business, as he 
 was desirous of entering the army, which he did as Captain 
 of a company, and served throughout the war. He contin- 
 ued in the dry-goods trade until 1865, when he sold the 
 establishment to Engleman & Dorle. In 1866 he erected 
 the Empire Block, and in the following year opened a dry- 
 goods store in it, in company with J. B. Wilson. The firm 
 carried a heavy stock of goods, and did a large business for 
 some three years. In 1870 they relinquished the store, 
 disposing of the same to G. W. Burkirk. In 1871 Mr. 
 Shawhan sailed for London, and passed two months in 
 England during the autumn of that year. On April ist, 
 1875, he sold out an interest which he had, with Captain 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 577 
 
 F. II. Shawhan, in a store in Tiffin, and at the same time 
 purchased the interests of W. H. Schlosser, with whom he 
 had been the principal in a business connection, and since 
 that period has been actively engaged in the dry-goods trade. 
 He has ever been most successful in that line, and is pos- 
 sessed of a valuable estate. He enjoys a vigorous health, 
 and gives a close and personal attention to all his own affairs. 
 Of the numerous family which his father had, fourteen chil- 
 dren in all, but two are left beside himself. These are a 
 sister, Mrs. Anderson, of Fortine, aged eighty-si.x years; and 
 a brother, Josiah .Shawhan, residing at Cary, seventy-four 
 years of age. He was married, April ist, 1839, to Elvira 
 'Puller, of ^Yorthington, Ohio, who is still living, aged fifty- 
 seven years. 
 
 |ERKINS, J.\MES H., Lawyer, Editor, Clergyman 
 and Poet, the youngest child of Samuel G. and 
 B.irbari Higginson Perkins, was born in Boston, 
 Mas achusetts, July 31st, 1810. His youth was 
 spent in mercantile pursuits and in acquiring a 
 fair education ; but stocks and trade were not con- 
 genial to his tastes, and as soon as he was at liberty to do 
 so he abandoned them. He was wanting in the love of 
 money-making, the prerequisite of worldly success, and when 
 he became acquainted with the true character of competitive 
 trade, he was filled with dismay and disgust. The pride of 
 the opulent and the cringing concessions of the needy, with 
 the fawning flattery th.at vitiates the courtesies of fashionable 
 life, awakened in his heart a feeling of sad contempt, and 
 he grew plain and blunt in his speech, careless in dress, 
 reserved and solitary. In February, 1832, he moved to 
 Cincinnati. There he became interested in the study of the 
 law, and entered the law office of Timothy Walker as 
 student. In the genial, social atmosphere of the West he 
 recovered his buoyancy and began a new life. In 1834 he 
 was admitted to the bar. His commencement in the practice 
 of law revealed a high order of talent, and argued brilliant 
 personal success. But he became dissatisfied with the seden- 
 tary life and, as he thought, the low moral standard of the 
 legal profession, and soon abandoned it in utter disgust. He 
 then applied himself ith great energy in the uncertain field 
 of literature. He contributed largely to several periodicals; 
 wrote poems, tales and essays for the Western Monthly 
 Magazine, and was in the early part of the year 1834 editor 
 of the Saturday F.veni}tg Chronicle, which he purchased in 
 the winter of 1835 and united with the Cincinnati Mirror. 
 He was for a while one of the editors of \.\\s Mirror. In 
 the summer of 1835 he engaged with others in a manufac- 
 turing enterprise at Pomeroy, Ohio. This was not remu- 
 nerative, and in 1837 he returned to Cincinnati and took up 
 his pen. In the following year he projected several books, 
 but only finished a series of critical and historical articles 
 for the Ne-u York Quarterly and the Morth American Re- 
 view. In 1839 his work entitled “ The Annals of the West ” 
 73 
 
 was written; a work of great research, completeness and 
 perspicuity of style. During the next few years appeared his 
 papers on “ Early French Travellers in the West; ” “ Eng- 
 lish Discoveries in the Ohio Valley;” “Fifty Years of 
 Ohio;” “'Phe Pioneers of Kentucky,” “ 'Phe North- 
 western Territory,” and “ The Literature of the West.” In 
 1839 he became minister-at-large to the poor of Cincinnati ; 
 to this office with great earnestness he gave his best powers 
 of mind and body, and to him the poor and unfortunate of 
 that city to-day owe many of the institutions from which 
 they derive protection and consolation. In 1841 he ac- 
 cepted a call as pastor of the Unitarian Church of Cincin- 
 nati. His eloquence, his Christian feeling and work among 
 the poor, led to this selection of him by that society. His 
 literary pursuits he still kept up, and his interest in educa- 
 tion and public benefactions never flagged ; but with his 
 pastoral relations he never was satisfied, and accordingly 
 offered his resignation in 1847, notwithstanding his friends 
 assured him of his remarkable gifts as a preacher, while 
 the house was crowded when he preached, and there 
 were not wanting many other evidences of his fitness. The 
 church refused to accept his resignation, and he was finally 
 induced to withdraw it, and remained in charge of the pas- 
 torate of the Unitarian Society until his death, which oc- 
 curred suddenly, and in a way much to be regretted, on 
 the’l4lh of December, 1849. In 1844 he was chosen Presi- 
 dent of the Cincinnati Historical Society, and in 1849, 
 the time of his death, he was Vice-President and Recording 
 Secretary of the united Ohio and Cincinnati Historical So- 
 cieties. Mr. Perkins was endowed with many remarkable 
 traits of character, and some uncommon elements of great 
 success. He was by no means faultle.ss, and was not free 
 from the evils of temperament, training, caprice, indulgence, 
 habit; but he was progressive, aspiring, humble, honest, un- 
 selfish — a Christian. He was a ready and finished writer; 
 an orator of exceptional powers, and a poet from whom 
 verses had poured forth with unconscious ease from boy- 
 hood upward. He left a family of several children. One 
 of his sons is a young lawyer, of Cincinnati. 
 
 YON, JOHN, Manufacturer, was born in Campbell 
 county, Kentucky, June, 1807. His father was a 
 mechanic and millwright, and was one of the 
 earliest emigrants from New England to the 
 neighborhood of Cincinnati. His mother was 
 E. Reynolds, of Kentucky, whose parents were 
 among the early adventurers with Daniel Boone, and 
 were concerned in the histo-ric events of the “ dark and 
 bloody ground.” Her father was a soldier in the Revolution 
 under General Greene, and was also concerned in the In- 
 dian wars under General Wayne. With but little education, 
 in 1816 the subject of this sketch came to Cincinnati and 
 began to learn the shoe trade. After working a year, he 
 regularly indentured himself, according to the custom of the 
 
57 ^ 
 
 BIOGRAFIIICAL ENCYCLOP.FIDIA. 
 
 times. After serving out five years of his indenture, he 
 travelled to various towns of the State and worked at his 
 trade for several years. In 1830 he returned to Cincinnati 
 and was married to Letitia Tanahill, who died in 1872. In 
 1834 he started a retail shoe store, which he continued until 
 1843. He had by this time gathered some money, which 
 he invested and lost in the pork business. He then resumed 
 the shoe and leather trade, which he carried on prosperously 
 until 1854, when he commenced manufacturing ladies’, 
 misses’ and children’s shoes. There had been previously 
 but one effort of moment made to establish this line of manu- 
 facturing in Cincinnati, and he is, therefore, one of the 
 pioneers in shoe manufacturing in the West. The whole- 
 sale shoe manufacturing business of Cincinnati has now be- 
 come one of her most important interests. He early intro- 
 duced into his factory all modern machinery, and used every 
 means to supply the great demand for machine-made work 
 which sprang up during the war. Mr. Lyon justly deserves 
 a prominent place in the business history of Cincinnati. In 
 1873 he retired with a competency and an honorable repu- 
 tation, and now resides with his only living child at their 
 home on Ninth street, Cincinnati. He has taken little in- 
 terest in politics or the affairs of society. He is a member 
 of Trinity Methodist Church, and although he has been 
 strictly a business man, he has never lost sight of the de- 
 mands made by the world on the Christian gentleman. 
 
 METT, JOHN W., School Teacher, was born, No- 
 vember nth, 1824, in Jefferson county, Virginia, 
 and is the son of George and Lydia Hiett. His 
 father’s ancestors came from England in 1733, 
 and took possession of a large farm in the Shen- 
 andoah valley, which was the home of the family 
 for over one hundred and twenty years. When he was 
 three years of age his father removed to Seneca county, 
 Ohio. He was subjected to the limited opportunities of 
 pioneer life, being much of the time without any school ad 
 vantages; however, when sixteen years old, he had acquired 
 a thorough knowledge of the common English branches, by 
 dint of study at home during the evening hours, not having 
 attended school more than three months in all up to that 
 time. About that period, he returned with his father to his 
 old home in the Shenandoah valley. When he had attained 
 his majority he visited Ohio and engaged in teaching school. 
 Meeting with great success, he returned again to his native 
 State and pursued a thorough course of study in the Jeffer- 
 son Academy, fitting himself for teaching, that being his 
 favorite vocation. He opened the second free school in 
 Virginia, and was actively identified with the movement of 
 that day to adopt a liberal free-school system in that Slate. 
 In 1850 he returned to Ohio and look part in introducing 
 the Union School system, and was Superintendent of Union 
 Schools in Fremont and Delaware, Ohio, respectively. In 
 
 i860 he organized the Elm-Grove Normal School, after- 
 wards known as the Central Ohio Conference Seminary, at 
 Maumee City, Ohio, which he and his wife successfully 
 conducted for three years, when his health becoming im- 
 paired, he was obliged to abandon his profession. While 
 resident in this latter locality he received the honorary de- 
 gree of Master of Arts from the Baldwin University. In 
 1862 he removed to Toledo, and became one of the pub- 
 lishers of the Toledo Conimevcial. At this time, by his in- 
 dustry and economy, he had saved from his earnings by wise 
 management about J 10 000 with which to begin business. 
 He subsequently devoted his energies to city improvements 
 and dealing in real-estate. He was a Delegate to the 
 General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 
 held in Brooklyn, New York, in 1872; and was again 
 elected a Delegate to the same body, which is to meet in 
 Baltimore, Maryland, in May, 1876. He was married in 
 1858 to Mary E., daughter of Joseph Beecham, of Richland 
 county, Ohio. 
 
 URNEY, COLONEL OWEN T., Printer, was born, 
 1836, in Painesville, Ohio. His father died in the 
 Mexican war in 1848. When fifteen years old 
 Owen entered the printing office of Charles Scott, 
 then proprietor of the Ohio State Journal, in 
 Columbus, and finished his trade as a pressman 
 there. The breaking out of the late rebellion found him in 
 the employ of Harris & Hurd, and at the same time Captain 
 of a favorite military company, the Montgomery Guards, 
 composed mainly of Catholic young men, the pride of St. 
 Patrick’s congregation. The company offered its services 
 under the first call for troops, and were ordered to Camp 
 Dennison, but no demand being made upon them, they 
 were never called to active duty. After the expiration of 
 this term of enlistment. Captain Turney, in company with 
 the late James Ryan, established a soldiers’ claim agency in 
 Columbus, and received a commission as Notary Public. In 
 a short tim however, he received the appointment of Chief 
 Clerk in the office of Major McDowell, paymaster. When 
 the latter was removed to another post Major McCook suc- 
 ceeded him, and removed his head quarters to Cincinnati, 
 Captain Turney still retaining the clerkship. Major Mc- 
 Cook was killed in the Morgan raid near Cincinnati, and 
 Captain Turney was appointed to the vacancy, as additional 
 Paymaster United States army, with the rank of Major, and 
 assigned to the district having St. Louis for head-quarters. 
 Towards the close of the war he was transferred to the Dis- 
 trict of the Gulf, with head quarters at New Orleans, where 
 he was mustered out in 1869, being the last of the volunteei 
 paymasters to be thus honorably discharged from the service. 
 During his occupancy of the position in this latter district he 
 was appointed a Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel for meritorious 
 attention to duty. Upon his return to civil life he served a 
 clerkship in the Piqua shops, Columbus, and afterwards 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPHIDIA. 
 
 579 
 
 connected himself again with the printing interests, and 
 early in 1875 became an assistant in the business depart- 
 ment of the Catholic Cohtmhian , in which capacity his 
 efforts in behalf of the new paper were indefatigable, even 
 up to a few weeks preceding his death, when he could be 
 prevailed upon with difficulty to desist, and look after his 
 failing health. Pie always placed the origin of his com- 
 plaint in the outdoor celebration of St. Patrick’s day, 1875, 
 which, being extremely cold and disagreeable, induced a 
 severe bronchial affection, and laid the foundation of a 
 quick consumption. He was a man highly esteemed by 
 all with whom he came into contact, and wherever duty 
 called him, he made warm friends by his open-hearted con- 
 duct and genial qualities. He was a member of St. 
 Patrick’s choir for many years, and finally of the Cathedral 
 choir. He was alsc a zealous supporter of St. Patrick’s 
 Total Abstinence and Benevolent Association. He died 
 February loth, 1876, in the fortieth year of his age. 
 
 ORTHINGTON, HON. THOMAS, one of the 
 early Governors of Ohio, first distinguished as a 
 leader in the movement by which Ohio was ad- 
 mitted into the Union, was born, July i6th, 1773, 
 in Berkeley, now Jefferson county, Virginia. Early 
 in life he rvas attracted to the West by the treaty 
 of Greenville, and in 1796, with a party of young men, 
 visited and made extensive locations of lands in the Virginia 
 military district, lying between the Scioto and Miami rivers. 
 In April, 1797, with his wife and infant child, and their 
 thirty-six slaves, whom it was their object to emancipate, 
 he settled near Chillicothe. His vigorous and discriminat- 
 ing mind, and uncommon firmness and perseverance of 
 purpose, soon gave him an influential position. In 1799 he 
 was a member from Ross county in the first Territorial 
 Legislature. A powerful effort, originating in Cincinnati 
 and Detroit, had nearly succeeded in changing the plan 
 marked out in the ordinance of 1787, for the division of the 
 Northwestern Territory into States. Both branches of the 
 I.egislature, with General St. Clair as Governor, concurring, 
 had voted that the Eastern .State should be bounded on the 
 w'est by the Scioto and a line extending thence to the lakes. 
 The object, as explained by Judge Burnet, in his “ Notes 
 on the Northwestern Territoiy,” was to erect a large State 
 between the Scioto and the M’ahash. To this scheme, Mr. 
 Worthington was unalterably opposed. The Eastern Divi- 
 sion, thus dimini.shed, must have been long delayed, for 
 want of the requisite population, from the coveted privilege 
 of becoming a State. Though defeated in the Legislature, 
 he went to Washington, as agent of the minority, and was 
 so successful in his representations, that Congress was in- 
 duced to set aside the views of the local authorities, and 
 passed the enabling Act, April 30th, 1802, by which Ohio, 
 with its present boundaries, was permitted at once to enter 
 
 the Union as a State. He was an active member of the 
 Convention which formed the Constitution of 1802, and 
 responsible in some degree for the restrictions in that in- 
 strument by which the executive department was so seri- 
 ously impaired. His apology for this mistake, as he after- 
 wards acknowledged it to be, was the keen sense, then felt, 
 of the injuries which had resulted from Geireral St. Clair’s 
 arbitrary and almost despotic use of his powers as governor 
 of the Territory. This feeling had been still further in- 
 flamed by .St. Clair’s untimely dictation to the Convention, 
 in his address delivered at the opening. He was Senator 
 in Congress from Ohio, from the year 1803 to 1808, and 
 again from 1810 to 1815. Among other measures he in- 
 troduced the bills for laying out the Cumberland road from 
 tide-water to the Ohio river, for the division and sale of the 
 public lands in quarter sections, instead of tracts two miles 
 square; and for quieting land titles; thus opening great in- 
 ducements for the vast emigration that soon followed. He 
 was styled, in the A^ational Intelligencer, “ The father of 
 the American system of public improvements.” During the 
 interval between his two senatorial terms, he was employed 
 by the government in treating with the Indians, and was 
 held in great deference by Tecumseh and other leaders of 
 the hostile tribes. In 1814, being elected Governor of 
 Ohio, he resigned his seat in Congress. In 18x6 he was 
 re-elected Governor. He made great exertions for the es- 
 tablishment of colleges and public schools, and although 
 not immediately successful, his efforts contributed largely to 
 the final result. The State Library owes its origin to a 
 wise but somewhat irregular use he made of the Governor’s 
 contingent fund. But in January, 1818, the Legislature 
 took that institution under their patronage. Still pursuing 
 his favorite policy, he recommended to that body the con- 
 struction of canals, and subsequently, as a member of the 
 lower House, advocated the system, and was a member of 
 the first board appointed in 1822 to report on that subject. 
 Whilst still devoting himself untiringly to the work of their 
 construction, and awaiting a meeting of the Canal Board in 
 New York, he died in that city, June 20th, 1827. In 
 private life Goi“*“or Worthington was noted for his emi- 
 nent integrity, and by a purity and simplicity of character 
 and conduct almost approaching austerity. But while he 
 refused himself every indulgence, his charity was open- 
 handed and bountiful, and his hospitality always liberal. 
 Bernhard, Duke of .Saxe Weimar, in his memoir of travels 
 in the United States, has preserved an account of his recep- 
 tion at Governor Worthington’s residence, which gives a 
 , most flattering view of Ohio society at that early day. His 
 spacious mansion of stone, in the architecture of the olden 
 times, and which was surrounded in his day with highly 
 cultivated gardens, vineyards, and orchards of every kind 
 [ of fruit, still remains to attest the noble scale of his ideas. 
 
 In laying the foundation of the prosperity for which Ohio 
 ^ has since become celebrated, it may fairly be said that 
 . among the able men with whom he was associated, there 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 5 So 
 
 wxs none wliose foresight, energy, and distinguished labors 
 in shaping her laws, puldic improvements, agriculture, 
 finances, and literary institutions, were wiser or more effi- 
 cient than his. It is greatly to be regretted that no record 
 of his active and varied life has been kept. Chief Justice 
 Chase, in the historical sketch prefi.xed to his compilation 
 of the Statutes of Ohio, justly describes him as a gentleman 
 of distinguished ability and great influence. 
 
 ^INNEY, JOSEPH NEWCOMB, Merchant and 
 late General Freight Agent of the Little Miami 
 Railroad, is a native of New England, he, as well 
 as his father before him, having been born in 
 Vermont. He was born in Royalton, Windsor 
 county, in that State, on the 30th of May, iSig, 
 and inherited from his parents qualities of clnaracter which, 
 in the course of his life, have contributed in a great measure 
 to his uniform success, his father being distinguished for his 
 great integrity and excellent judgment, and his mother for 
 her superior intelligence and amiability of character. In 
 his youth he enjoyed such advantages of education as were 
 afforded by the common schools and the academy of his 
 native town, making the best use of the opportunities at his 
 disposal. When he had reached the age of twenty years 
 he left school and set out to seek his fortune in the West. 
 He found employment first in the Caledonia Iron Works, 
 located in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, and owned by 
 Hon. Thaddeus Stevens and Mr. James D. Paxton. He 
 filled the position of clerk in this establishment for the 
 period of five years, each year bringing with it increased 
 responsibility and also increased compensation. In 1S44 
 he returned to Vermont, where he was married; and im- 
 mediately after removed to Cincinnati. There, with the 
 accumulated e.arnings of his five years’ labor for capital, he 
 embarked in the grocery business. There proved to be but 
 little that was encouraging, however, in his experience as a 
 grocer, and he made that experience brief, quitting the 
 business after a few months. In 1845, after giving up his 
 grocery business, he accepted the position of Freight Agent 
 of the Little Miami Railro.ad, at Cincinnati. The road at 
 that time was merely in its infancy, being only in process 
 of construction from Cincinnati to Springfield, Ohio. Its 
 completion to Springfield and its connection with the Mad 
 River Railroad running thence to Sandusky, and through 
 that connection with the Lake steamers running to Buffalo, 
 New York, whence the New York Central Railroad and 
 the Erie canal afforded communication with the seaboard, 
 marked a new era in the commerce of the country, and 
 gave a new outlet to the Southwest, which had hitherto de- 
 pended on the slow process of wagoning over the Allegheny 
 mountains to Philadelphia or Baltimore, or upon the more 
 perilous method of boating down the Mississippi river to 
 New Orleans. To the end of accomplishing this purpose. 
 
 and then of increasing the capabilities and opportunities of 
 the road, Mr. Kinney gave the best energies of his life. 
 His position brought him into personal and business rela- 
 tions with Jacob Strader, President of the road, John Kil- 
 gore, Vice-President, W. 11 . Clement, Chief Engineer and 
 Superintendent, A. H. Lewis, Depot Master, and P. W. 
 Strader, General Passenger Agent, and in co-operation with 
 these officers he worked faithfully to draw to the new chan- 
 nel of traffic the vast commerce of the West. It was largely 
 through his endeavors, through his energy, perseverance, 
 ability, and judgment, that important connections were 
 formed with the railroads to Columbus, Cleveland, Pitts- 
 burgh, Wheeling, and other points, and the Little Miami 
 became one of the most powerful and successful roads in 
 the country. P'or twenty years Mr. Kinney served the road 
 in the capacity of General Freight Agent, and then he re- 
 signed his position. No sooner had he done this, however, 
 than he was honored with a seat in the directory of the 
 road. During all his years of frithful service in the interest 
 of the railroad, he was not at all unmindful of his own in- 
 terest. “ He worked himself for the railroad, and made his 
 money work for him,” he said. He was frugal in his 
 habits, and the savings from his salary, together with the 
 money he brought with him to Cincinnati, formed a capital 
 which he invested from time to time in various enterprises, 
 such as omnibus lines, transfer companies, and street rail- 
 roads, all of which were important adjuncts to the railroad 
 company which he served, and at the same time were 
 sources of individual profit to himself. The profits he real- 
 ized from these enterprises were judiciously invested in 
 bank and other substanti.al stocks, which gradually increased 
 in value. Prominent among these investments was the 
 purchase of a steam saw mill at Clinton, Iowa. At the 
 time of the purchase it was but a small establishment, but 
 now it is the largest of the kind on the Mississippi river, if 
 not in the country. Soon after his retirement from the posi- 
 tion of general freight agent, he, with R. M. Shoemaker 
 and others, became interested in building the Kansas 
 Pacific Railroad, from Kansas City to Sheridan, a distance 
 of some five hundred miles; and later in the Cincinnati, 
 Dayton & Springfield Railroad, now known as the Dayton 
 Short Line. In the year 1872, chiefly to aid in establishing 
 his oldest son in business, he formed a partnership with his 
 old friend, Seth Evans, in the pork packing business, under 
 the firm-name of Evans & Kinney. The firm now occupies 
 an extensive establishment, recently completed, on Mill 
 creek, near the city. He is also one of the promoters, 
 builders, and directors of the Union Railroad Depot at St. 
 Louis, recently completed, and is also largely interested in 
 the Union Railway and Tr.ansit Company of that city. 
 These two enterprises involved an outlay of two million 
 dollars. He is associated in them with his old friends, \V. 
 H. Clement, President of the corporations, R. M. Shoe- 
 maker, and others. He is also a stockholder and active 
 Director in the Merchants’ National and Commercial Banks, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENXVCLOPAiDIA. 
 
 581 
 
 and in several insurance and street railway companies, as 
 well as in various commercial and manufacturing institu- 
 tions. And it is a noticeable fact, and one which explains 
 much of the uniform success of his life, that, in all his 
 enterprises, he has associated himself with the men best 
 fitted 'o carry forward the interests in which he took part ; 
 while to their trained fitness and experience in their several 
 specialties, he joined his own clear judgment, untiring 
 energy, and indomitable perseverance. In matters of reli- 
 gion, though not a communicant in any church organization, 
 he is broadly liberal in his views, and respectfully tolerant 
 of every denomination. He attends regularly, with his 
 family, the Presbyterian Church. Politically he was an 
 old-line Whig during the continuance of the Whig party, 
 and since has acted with the Republican party, although, 
 in local issues, he votes for the man best suited for the 
 office, irrespective of party lines. His habits of life are 
 simple, temperate, and eminently domestic ; his attachments 
 to his friends are strong and lasting, and his liberality is 
 hearty and unostentatious. He has been twice married. 
 In 1844, just before removing to Cincinnati, he married 
 Altha L. Dutton, of Vermont. She died in 1852, leaving 
 one child, an infant son, now engaged in business with his 
 father. In 1853 he married again, taking for his second 
 wife Annie M. Willson, of Cincinnati. She died on the 
 22d of July, 1868, leaving four sons, the eldest of whom has 
 just entered commercial life, and the others are attending 
 school. Mr. Kinney resides on Walnut Hills, one of the 
 beautiful suburbs of Cincinnati, where he has lived for some 
 seventeen years, and as one of that community takes great 
 interest in all that pertains to its advancement. 
 
 I OHL, HON. HENRY, Insurance Agent, was born, 
 July 4th, 1844, in the kingdom of Bavaria, Ger- 
 many, and is a son of Conrad Bohl, formerly of 
 that country. His father being a farmer by 
 occupation, and desirous of a more extended 
 field for canying on that pursuit, decided to emi- 
 grate to the United States. He accordingly left Germany 
 in March, 1855, reached Marietta, Ohio, in the following 
 May, and resumed his avocation near that city. His son, 
 Henry, assisted him during the summer months, and at- 
 tended school in the winter, until he was seventeen years 
 old, when he left home, and effected an engagement in a 
 chair factory in Marietta, where he remained some four 
 years. He next entered into the clothing business, which 
 he carried on for four years. In January, 1869, he engaged 
 in local insurance in Marietta, and was vei7 successful. 
 His health, however, became impaired in 1871, and by the 
 advice of his physician, he concluded to dispose of his 
 office and business, and engage in out-door employment, 
 which he did, by accepting a special agency for the Home 
 Insurance Company, of Columbus, Ohio; but as his health 
 
 did not improve he removed the following year, March, 
 1872, to Atlanta, Georgia, where he accepted a Southern 
 department of five States, for the American Central Insur- 
 ance Company of St. Louis. He made many warm friends 
 in the Southern States, and in 1S73 he was elected Secre- 
 tary of the “ Underwriters’ Association of the South,” com- 
 prising eleven States, and being auxiliary to the National 
 Board of Fire Underwriters of the United States, with their 
 head-quarters in New York city. Having nearly regained 
 his health, and his family being anxious to return to their 
 old home in Ohio, he removed again to Marietta, in March, 
 1874, after an absence of two years, and took charge of a 
 Western department of three States for the American Cen- 
 tral Insurance Company, which he had managed in the 
 South. He resigned this position in the autumn of 1S75, 
 and accepted the management, for Ohio, for the Milwaukee 
 Mechanics’ Mutual Insurance Company, and also again em- 
 barked in the local insurance business at Marietta. From 
 1867 to 1871 he took an active interest in politics, and was 
 for several years a member and .Secretary of the Demo- 
 cratic County Central Committee. He was at various times 
 offered nominations for county offices, which he declined 
 on account of feeble health. After his removal to the 
 South and during his residence there, he took no pait in the 
 movements of the day; but on his return home, his old 
 political friends, knowing him to be an effective worker, 
 insisted on his aid to recover the county of Washington from 
 the Republicans, they having been in the ascendency for a 
 number of years. In 1875 they urged him to accept the 
 nomination for County Treasurer, which, however, he de- 
 clined emphatically, on the ground that he desired no 
 political county office. He finally accepted the candidacy 
 for Representtilive to the Ohio Legislature, and in October, 
 1S75, elected by a majority of nearly three hundred 
 votes. One of his first acts, after taking his seat in that 
 body, was to introduce a resolution pledging the House of 
 Representatives of the people of Ohio, to be in favor of a 
 purely secular education at the expense of the tax payer, 
 without any division of the public school funds among any 
 sect or sects, and to maintain and support the admirable 
 provision" of the Ohio Constitution on that subject. This 
 resolution received the unanimous vote of the whole House. 
 This resolution was introduced for the reason that the 
 leaders of the Republican party, in the political campaign 
 of 1875, had charged their opponents of being in favor of 
 a division of the public school funds. On January l.Slh, 
 1876, United .States Senator Allen G. Thurman, of Ohio, 
 addressed a letter to Mr. Bohl, defining his position on the 
 financial question, which was forthwith published and read 
 with great interest throughout the country, as the Senator 
 w.as then a prominent prospective candidate for President 
 of the United States. Mr. Bohl was reared in the com- 
 munion of the German Reformed Church, of which he and 
 his family are now members. He has taken a great imerest 
 in secret societies. In 1865 he was made a Mason in 
 
S82 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 American Union Lodge, No. l, at Marietta. This lodge 
 is the oldest west of the Allegheny mountains, having been 
 cliartered by the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, in Febru- 
 ary, 1776. Among the many Worshipful Masters may be 
 named Hon. Lewis Cass, ex-Governor Meigs, and General 
 Rufus Putnam. He is also a member of the Odd P'ellows 
 and Red Men Orders. In 1870 he was elected a Repre- 
 sentative to the Grand Lodge of the Independent Order of 
 Odd Fellows, of Ohio ; also Great Sachem or presiding offi- 
 cer, for the State of Ohio, of the Improved Order of Red 
 Men; and in 1871 Representative to the United States 
 Great Council of the same order. He was married at 
 Marietta, in 1864, to Margaret, daughter of Jacob Raden- 
 baugh. 
 
 ILLIKAN, WILLIAM, Journalist, was born, Sep- 
 tember 22(1, i 8 o 5 , in Coleraiu township, Ross 
 county, Ohio. He is the eldest son of John and 
 Mary Millikan, who moved to Delaware county 
 in 1809. When the war of 1812 was declared, 
 his father was commissioned first lieutenant of a 
 company raised in Delaware county. During the severe 
 winter of 1814 many of the soldiers died from what was 
 known as the cold plague. Among those who succumbed 
 was Lieutenant Millikan, then stationed at Chillicothe. The 
 subject of this sketch received his elementary education in 
 the indifferent country schools of pioneer times. When he 
 entered the printing office of Ezra Griswol.d, his education 
 began in earnest. In the fall of 1830 Mr. Millikan joined 
 Mr. Griswold in the publication of the Ohio State Gazette. 
 In the spring of 1832 he dissolved his connection with the 
 Gazette and started the IVesteni Galaxy, a Whig paper, 
 at Marion, Ohio. In May of 1832 he went to South Bend, 
 Indiana, where he established the Free Press, also a Whig 
 paper, with which he supported General \Villiam Henry 
 Harrison for the Presidency. F'or a part of the time Mr. 
 Millikan was associated with his brother in the publication 
 of the Free Press. In 1845 he sold his paper to Schuyler 
 Colfax and A. W. We.st, and purchased an interest in the 
 Kalamazoo Telegraph. He remained in the Telegraph 
 establishment for two years, when he disposed of his inter- 
 est and joined his brother John as an equal partner, in the 
 conduct of the La Porte County (Indiana) IVhig. After a 
 connection of seven years with the IVhig, he engaged in 
 other business. In October, 1858, Mr. Millikan yielded to 
 the solicitation of friends and returned to Ohio, establishing 
 the Fayette County Herald, a Republican paper, published 
 at Washington Court House. He has made the Herald 
 strong and influential, and successful as a business venture. 
 He has taken his youngest son, William, into partnership 
 in the business and editorial management of the paper. 
 Besides pursuing his vocation as a journalist, Mr. Millikan 
 has been active as an individual member of his party. In 
 1849 he was elected to the Indiana Legislature from La- 
 
 porte county, and re-elected in 1850. In 1865 he was 
 elected Mayor of the city of Laporte. In 1875 he was 
 elected to the Ohio House of Representatives. In Novem- 
 ber, 1829, in the village of Delaware, Ohio, Mr. Millikan 
 married Rachel Abbott. January 28th, 1834, at Newark, 
 Ohio, he married Amanda Holines, third daughter of Judge 
 Alexander Holines. . January 28th, 1841, he married Emma 
 Cleveland, third daughter of the late Hardin Cleveland, of 
 Elkhart county, Indiana. In April, 1865, Mr. Millikan 
 married Mary B. Bostnick, of Waterloo, daughter of John 
 Robinson, of Chillicothe. Mr. Millikan has five adult 
 children living. 
 
 ERRELL, CIL^RLE.S B., Physician and Surgeon, 
 was born in Holmes county, Ohio, September 
 27th, 1839. His parents, Hanson and Sarah 
 P'errell, of Franco-English descent, removed from 
 Virginia and located in Jefferson county, Ohio, 
 where they were married. They soon after re- 
 moved into the wilds of Holmes county, of which they were 
 among the earlier settlers. Dr. Ferrell entered school at 
 an early age, and by untiring industry and application re- 
 ceived a liberal education in the common branches. Being 
 a farmer’s son, school-days were limited to but a small por- 
 tion of the year, and the remainder of the time was spent 
 in assisting his father. At the age of sixteen a taste for 
 medical literatuie developed itself, and he borrowed from a 
 friend Wilson’s Anatomy, Carpenter’s Physiology, and 
 Kane’s Chemistry, and commenced the study of medicine. 
 The leisure hours on rainy days and at meal time were 
 occupied in following the bent of his mind. A vacant 
 house on his father’s farm served as medical college and 
 dissecting room, and here the long nights were faithfully 
 occupied in reading and dissections. He spent thus three 
 years, as farmer, school-boy, medical student, and instructor, 
 the two latter being carried on clandestinely, for a resitrrec- 
 tionist would have been looked upon with horror in that 
 locality, and he would doubtless have felt the strong arm 
 of the law if he had been discovered. When nineteen 
 years of age he entered the office of Dr. Isaac Putnam, of 
 Mt. Holly, Ohio, and continued his studies here, and in 
 i860 at the Ohio Medical College in Cincinnati. In March, 
 1861, being at the bottenn of his financial resources, he was 
 obliged to begin the practice of his profession. Through 
 the kindness of his instructor he was permitted to commence 
 business in his office, and met with good success. He acted 
 as surgeon in the beginning of the war, 1862-63, visiting 
 the battle-fields of Pittsburgh Landing, Fort Donelson, and 
 Murfreesboro’, and bearing the greater portion ol his own ex- 
 penses. He also commanded a company of the “ Squirrel 
 Hunters,” who went to protect Cincinnati from invasion by 
 Kirby Smith. Resuming irractice in the intervals, in Octo- 
 ber, 1863, he removed to Nashville, Ohio, and entered with 
 vigor into practice. Here he was very successful, and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 5S3 
 
 continued business uninterruptedly until November, 1872, 
 when he went with his family to New York, where he 
 spent the winter in the medical colleges and hospitals, re- 
 ceiving a diploma from Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 
 and certificates of private instruction from several eminent 
 ])hysicians of that city. Leaving New York in March, 
 1S73, the balance of the year was spent in travelling over 
 the Western States and Territories, including the Gulf 
 States, California, Oregon, Washington Territory, and a 
 p.irt of British Columbia, with the view of studying the prev- 
 alent diseases, and the influence of climate on the same. 
 Returning to Ohio in December, 1873, located in Colum- 
 bus, where he still resides and is rapidly gaining public 
 esteem and favor, and building himself up a good practice. 
 He was married to Mary E. Brown, October 27th, 1864. 
 
 RION, JOHN, Farmer and Merchant, was born, 
 .September 6th, 1798, in Kanawha county, (now 
 West) Virginia, and is the oldest son of Robert 
 and Nancy (Balentine) Irion. His father was a 
 native of South Carolina, who was a farmer by oc- 
 cupation and a surveyor by profession. He re- 
 moved to Ohio in 1802, and first settled in Brown county, 
 where he resided about twelve years, and proceeded, in 
 1814, to Fayette county, where he sojourned until his death. 
 He was an active participant in the early Indian wars of 
 Virginia, and married there Nancy, daughter of Thomas 
 Balentine, both of whom were natives of the north of Ire- 
 land, but emigrated to America, and were among the early 
 settlers of what is now the State of West Virginia. John is 
 the eldest of a family of thirteen children. He worked 
 on a farm when a boy, and attended the district school 
 during the winter season. When twenty-two years of age, 
 he began life on his own resources, as a farmer in Fayette 
 county, and has resided in that section ever since, with the 
 exception of some five years passed in Brown county. He 
 has been through his long life principally engaged in agri- 
 cultural pursuits. He filled the office of Justice of the Peace 
 of Union township, Fayette county, for a considerable 
 period ; and was also Land Appraiser of the same locality 
 for one year. He was a Captain under the old militia law 
 of the State. He was at one time interested in the stock of 
 the Panhandle Railroad, and also in several turnpike com- 
 panies. At present he is a stockholder in the Dayton & 
 Southeastern Railroad Company. He has recently em- 
 barked in the boot and shoe business, under the firm-name 
 of Irion & Co., himself owning the controlling interest. 
 His political views are those held by the Republican party, 
 having previously been a Whig of the Henry Clay school. 
 His religious belief is not circumscribed by the doctrines of 
 any particular church. Socially he is of pleasant and 
 courteous manners. He has always led a temperate life, 
 and, though he has nearly reached the age of fourscore 
 
 years, his mental and physical faculties are wonderfully pre- 
 served. He has always been noted for untiring energy and 
 industry, and has been the architect of his own fortunes, 
 having amassed an ample competence. He was married in 
 1820 to Catharine, daughter of John Hawkes, an early pio- 
 neer of Brown county, Ohio. She died in 1875, having 
 had fifteen children. 
 
 ‘^OD, HON. GEORGE, Lawyer and Jurist, was 
 born, December nth, 1773, at Suffield, Hartford 
 county, Connecticut. He graduated at Yale Col- 
 lege in 1795, and having selected the law as his 
 profession, pursued his studies at the celebrated 
 law school at Fapping Reeve, Litchfield county, 
 and was admitted to the bar in October, 1797. He com- 
 menced the practice of his profession in New Haven, where 
 he remained a few years. In 1800 he removed to Youngs- 
 town, Trumbull county, Ohio, and in August of the same 
 year was appointed the Prosecuting Attorney of that county. 
 In 1801 he sent for his family to join him. He was elected 
 in 1804 a Senator in the State Legislature from Trumbull 
 county, and at the close of his term in that body was ap- 
 pointed, in 1806, a Judge of the Supreme Court, to fill a 
 vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Jonathan Meigs. 
 In 1810 he was again elected to the Senate from Trumbull 
 county. When war was declared by Congress against 
 Great Britain, he accepted a commission of Major in the 
 regular army from President Madison, and, March 13th, 
 1814, was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel of 
 the 17th Regiment United States Infantry. In the winter 
 of 1815 he was appointed President Judge of the Third Cir- 
 cuit of Ohio, which office he held until 1830. In the 
 autumn of the same year he was elected Prosecuting Attor- 
 ney, which was the last office he held. He was one of the 
 most eminent lawyers and advocates of his time. He was 
 married, prior to his removal to Ohio, to Sally Isaacs. He 
 died at Briar Hill, April lllh, 1841, leaving a widww and 
 five children. 
 
 ||ON BONHOR.ST, CHARLES G., Dentist, was 
 born, March 3d, 1820, in the city of Pitt.^burgh, 
 Pennsylvania, and is a son of Baron Char'es F. 
 Von Bonhorst, a lawyer, and one of the oldest and 
 most prominent citizens, who was born in Berlin, 
 Prussia, fought against the first Napoleon, and 
 emigrated to America in 1808, and married a lady, a native 
 of Washington county, Pennsylvania. Charles, the younger, 
 attended a private school in Pittsburgh, and had completed 
 [ an academic course, when fourteen years of age. He com- 
 menced to play the violin in the theatrical orchestra when 
 fifteen, continuing until he had attained his majority, in the 
 meantime studying dentistry, paying for his instruction in 
 
5S4 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 the same from his .salary received as a musician. He then 
 opened an office, and practised for two years. At the age 
 of twenty-three he visited different cities in the South, where 
 ho continued his practice until the civil war broke out, 
 when he returned to Pennsylvania, and after being engaged 
 in his office for a year, made a pleasure trip to Europe. On 
 his return to the United States he remained in Virginia from 
 1863 to 1865, when he removed to Lancaster, Ohio, and has 
 since resided there, engaged in the control of an extensive 
 practice, and has the reputation of being one of the most 
 skilful dentists in the State. He has made many improve- 
 ments in dentistry, and received several patents, the most 
 recent being an “Applicator,” for painless extraction of 
 teeth. Among other patents may be named a lamp to con- 
 sume its own smoke, without a chimney. He has been an 
 industrious, persevering worker in the battle ol life, and has 
 attained his present position only by the exercise of an in- 
 domitable will and energy. He was married, P'ebruary 
 14th, 1847, to Annie Decker, who died in 1854. He was 
 united in marriage, September ist, 1857, to Olive Lorentz, 
 of Virginia. 
 
 OWERS, CAPTAIN LUCIUS A., of Chillicothe, 
 was born, on P'ebruary l8th, 1828, in Franklin 
 county, Ohio. He was the oldest of four chil- 
 dren, whose parents were Allen and Lora H. 
 (Preston) Bowers. His father was a native of 
 Orange county. New York, and moved to Frank- 
 lin county in 1816. He followed mechanical pursuits 
 through life, and died in the same county in 1868, at the 
 age of seventy-three years. The mother of Lucius is a 
 native of Connecticut, and now lives in P'ranklin county, 
 at the advanced age of seventy-five years. On his father’s 
 side Captain Bovvers is descended from revolutionary stock. 
 His early education was liberal, and in the main received at 
 Kilbourne College, Ohio. From his boyhood until he 
 reached his twenty-fourth year, with the exception of his 
 collegiate days, he was employed in agricultural pursuits. 
 In 1852 he went to Thorntovvn, Indiana, and engaged in the 
 stove business. He continued so occupied in that place 
 until 1858, when he returned to his farm in Franklin 
 county. There he remained, taking up various pursuits, 
 until the beginning of the war of the rebellion. Being of 
 patriotic impulses and decided views concerning his coun- 
 try’s condition, he enlisted in Company I, 46th Regiment, 
 Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was mustered into the service 
 on October 2d, 1861. He soon after accompanied this regi- 
 ment to the field, and saw service in the celebrated actions 
 of Pittsburgh Landing, Siege of Corinth, Haines’ Bluff, Siege 
 of Vicksburg, Jackson, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, 
 Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Jonesboro’ and Pine Hill, and 
 other battles of not so gre.at moment. Soon after his en- 
 listment he was appointed Orderly Sergeant. On January 
 24th, 1862, he was commissioned as First Lieutenant. He 
 
 was promoted to the rank of Captain on February 20th, 
 1863, for brave and meritorious conduct on the fields of 
 Pittsburgh Landing, Shiloh and Corinth. He was mustered 
 out of the service by reason of the expiration of his term on 
 October 26th, 1864. After the fall of Memphis he was de- 
 tailed for the recruiting service, as a commissioned officer, at 
 Columbus, Ohio. This was a high and well-deserved com- 
 pliment to his abilities and bearing as a soldier and a man. 
 After his discharge from active service he was Assistant to 
 the Post Quartermaster, Colonel Burr, at Columbus, and at 
 Camp Chase, until October ist, 1865. On the tenth day of 
 that month he took the Zettler Hotel, at Columbus, which 
 he managed until 1871. In this year he sold his interest in 
 that house, and took the United States Hotel, in the same 
 city, which he kept for two years. Then he left Columbus, 
 and moved to Chillicothe, where, as controller, he carries 
 on the Emmitt House. This hotel is one of the first in the 
 State, and under his able management it has prospered. 
 Captain Bovvers was married on Ajjril 5th, 1864, to Eliza- 
 beth A. White, a native of Malden, Massachusetts, by whom 
 he is the father of five children. Politically he is a Repub- 
 lican, and was formerly a Whig. Religiously he is a Prot- 
 estant. It is worthy of mention that his family on both 
 sides has been remarkable for longevity. At a meeting of 
 his grandparents in 1848, their respective ages were 74, 79, 
 78 and So. 
 
 ARTIN, JUDGE WILLIAM T., was born, April 
 6th, 1788, in Bedford county, Pennsylvania. He 
 was married in 1814 to Amelia Ashcom, and early 
 in the following year they emigrated to Ohio, set- 
 tling at New Philadelphia, Tuscarawas county. 
 He remained there but a short time, going to Co- 
 lumbus in the spring of the same year. There he at once 
 established himself, and was a resident of the city from that 
 time up to the date of his death. In the earlier part of his 
 life in Pennsylvania he had been engaged in teaching 
 school, and in the mercantile business; he worked, too, at 
 his trade, that of a carpenter and joiner. He came well 
 prepared to his new home in Ohio, and was soon eng.aged 
 in teaching and in business as a carpenter. In 1820 he was 
 elected Justice of the Peace, holding that office by repeated 
 re-elections for thirty years. He also served for some time 
 as Councilman in the Town Council, and was for a time 
 Mayor of the town. He was for some years clerk and store- 
 keeper at the Ohio Penitentiary under the old regime in the 
 old building. In 1831 he was elected County Recorder, 
 and continued in that office until 1846, w hen he was suc- 
 ceeded by Mr. Cole. In 1851 he was elected Associate 
 Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Franklin county, 
 and held the office until it was abolished by the adoption of 
 the new Constitution. In 1858 he published w'hat is known 
 as “ Martin’s History of Franklin County,” an elaborate 
 work, familiar to and highly prized in all circles. F'or a 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOILEDIA. 
 
 number of years previous to Mr. Martin’s death, he 
 had been in no public business, except the position he 
 held as Secretary and Trustee of Green Lawn Cemetery 
 Association. Pie was remarkable for the smoothness of his 
 disposition, and for his charity for the faults of others; the 
 latter with him was a distinguishing characteristic, and he 
 never was heard to speak in derision ot any person, living 
 or dead. Ilis charitable contributions were numerous, and 
 were principally confined to that class of persons from 
 which the world had turned with coldness and frowns. 
 The poor and needy of the city recognized him as their 
 firmest friend, and one of the most touching incidents of his 
 sickness was the crowd of humble poor, black and white, 
 who came reverently to his door each day, with anxious 
 faces, to inquire after the health of their benefactor ; and 
 when it was known that he must die, and family and friends 
 gave vent to grief, there were corresponding sobs and tears 
 in many a lonely house, and from those who, like Uncle 
 Tom at Eva’s door, loitered near in anxious waiting. Ilis 
 death occurred February 19th, 1866. He left bebind him 
 a widow and two children — Mr. B. F. Martin, Collector of 
 Internal Revenue, and Mrs. Matilda Wright, wife of Smith- 
 son E. Wright, of Cincinnati. Judge Martin was one of 
 the most useful, influential and universally respected citi- 
 zens of Columbus, a complete history of whose life would 
 be a history of the city and county, so intimately was he 
 connected with e'very public movement. 
 
 f-ARV, SAMUEL FENTON, Lawyer and Politi- 
 cian, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, February 
 l8th, 1814, and is a lineal descendant of John 
 Caiy, of the Plymouth colony. His father, Wil- 
 liam Cary, emigrated from New Hampshire to 
 the Northwestern Territory before Ohio was a 
 State. His mother, Rebecca Fenton, was a native of the 
 State of New York, and was a sister of Governor Fenton s 
 father. When Samuel was an infant his parents removed 
 to a farm six miles from Cincinnati, then a wilderness, now 
 known as the village of College Hill. Freeman G. Cary, 
 the founder of Farmers’ College, is an elder brother, and 
 Alice and Phoebe Cary, the world-renowned poets, were 
 cousins, and reared in the same neighborhood. He gradu- 
 ated at Miami University in the class of 1835, and at the 
 Cincinnati law school in 1837, and entered at once upon the 
 practice of the law in his native city, and took rank with the 
 first young members of the bar. His practice rapidly in- 
 creased, and when he relinquished the profession in 1845, no 
 man of his age in the State of Ohio had a larger practice or 
 a more enviable reputation as an advocate. Obeying his 
 philanthropic impulses, he abandoned the bar in spite of the 
 remonstrances of his numerous admirers, and devoted all 
 his energies to the cause of temperance. In behalf of this 
 74 
 
 sss 
 
 great reform he has made more public addresses, has been 
 heard by a greater number of persons, has made larger con- 
 tributions of time and money than any other man in the 
 United States. He has been repeatedly heard in all the 
 principal cities and towns and villages in twenty-six States, 
 and in all the British Provinces in North America. He has 
 addressed immense audiences in all the principal cities and 
 towns in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. In this 
 great work a multitude bless his name on both sides of the 
 ocean. He early became a Son of Temperance, and in 
 1848 was chosen the head of the order in North America, 
 and is its oldest chief officer now living. For twenty years 
 he was the gratuitous editor of temperance papers of large 
 circulation, edited several annuals, and has written several 
 tracts that have been widely distributed and read. As early 
 as 1S40 he acquired a great reputation as a political speaker, 
 and took a prominent and active part in the Harrison cam- 
 paign. In every Presidential campaign since that time, his 
 services have been sought and appreciated. There are few 
 men in the United States who are his superiors on the 
 stump. During the late civil war he was indefatigable and 
 very successful in his efforts to fill up the ranks of the Union 
 army. His style of speaking is peculiarly his own. A dis- 
 tinguished writer has said of him, that “ he speaks like a 
 Greek, with the ease, the grace, the naturalness of the an- 
 cient orators.” His speeches are the happiest combinations 
 of logic, argument with sarcasm, pathos, apt illustrations and 
 felicitous anecdotes. He plays upon the passions and feel- 
 ings of an audience with consummate skill. He is five feet 
 eleven inches in height, weighs two hundred pounds, has a 
 well-modulated voice, never becomes hoarse, never tires, 
 and has often spoken three or four hours in the open air for 
 successive days and weeks. He uses no notes or manu- 
 scripts, and weaves in every passing incident with happy 
 effect. In the summer of 1867 he was nominated as an in- 
 dependent candidate for Congress by the workingmen of 
 the Second Congressional District of Ohio. Although the 
 district was very largely Republican he was elected by a 
 majority of 959 votes over Richard Smith, editor of the 
 Cincinnati Gazette. In the Fortieth Congress he took a 
 prominent part. He opposed the impeachment of Andrew 
 Johnson. He opposed the reconstruction acts of the Repub- 
 lican party, and his course secured him the confidence and 
 support of the Democratic party, although he had always 
 been identified with the Whig and Republican organiza- 
 tions. Since Mr. Cary left public life, he has returned to 
 the practice of law in Cincinnati, but is prominent and 
 active in every political campaign. He is devoted to the 
 interests of the laboring classes, and is regarded by them as 
 an able expounder of their principles. When in Congress 
 he delivered a powerful .speech on the rights and wrongs of 
 laljor, which was extensively circulated, and added greatly 
 to his popularity among the working classes throughout the 
 country. In the' contest of 1875 he was the Democratic 
 candidate for Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio, but was de- 
 
586 
 
 BIOGRAnnCAL ENXVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 feateJ. In 1S36 lie married Maria Louisa Allen, of Cin- 
 cinnati, who died in 1847. i 849 he married Lida S. 
 
 Stilwell, who is still living. 
 
 ^RANGER, MOSES M., Lawyer, was born in 
 Zanesville, Ohio, on October 22d, 1S31, and is 
 the second son of his father, who was born in 
 Suffield, Connecticut. Ilis mother was a native 
 of St. Clairsville, Ohio. He obtained his educa- 
 tion by attendance at public and private schools 
 until 1S46, when he started to attend Kenyon College, 
 where he graduated in 1850. Shortly after leaving college 
 he commenced the study of law with Judge C. C. Congners, 
 and was admitted to the bar on January 4th, 1853. Enter- 
 ing upon practice he gradually acrpiired a good business. 
 On the outbreak of the war he proffered his services in the 
 Union cause, and entered the army as Captain of the l8th 
 United States Infantry. He became Major of the I22d 
 Ohio Volunteers on September loth, 1862 ; was promoted 
 to be Lieutenant-Colonel of the same on May 1st, 1863 ; and 
 on October 19th, 1864, the day on which the battle of Cedar 
 Creek was fought, was brevetted Colonel of United States 
 Volunteers. He resigned his commission on December 
 l6th, 1864. In April of the following year he became City 
 Solicitor of Z.tnesville, and Prosecuting Attorney of Mus- 
 kingum county in January, 1866. He was chosen Judge 
 of the Court of Common Pleas ; entered on the duties of the 
 position on December loth, 1866, and resigned on October 
 9th, 1871. He married Mary 11 . Reese, daughter of Gen- 
 eral William J. Reese, of Lancaster, Ohio, whose mother 
 was a sister of General Sherman. 
 
 OOER.S, HENRY, Iron Founder, was bom, 
 October 21st, i 8 o 5 , in the town of Lansing, 
 near Ithaca, Tompkins county. New York. His 
 father was a native of New Jersey, and a miller 
 by trade. He removed to Cayuga county, when 
 Henry was about five years old, and operated a 
 grist mill, in the town of Genoa, for about two years. He 
 then removed to a farm, on what was then known as the 
 “ Crocker Land,” in Tompkins county, where he remained 
 for about three years, and thence proceeded, with his family, 
 to the neighborhood of Kingston, Canada, where he man- 
 aged a grist-mill for about one year, and thence moved into 
 Kingston, where he obtained employment in unloading 
 vessels, etc. After passing about a year in that town, he de- 
 cided to return to New York, and stopped a year at Sodtis 
 Pay, near Owego. I'inally, the family returned and settled 
 in Ithaca, where the parents afterwards died. Henry passed 
 two years in working in summer on a farm, and attending 
 the school during the winter months, this being about all 
 
 the education he acquired. He had been reared to hard 
 work, and chopped wood ; when but twelve years old, his 
 usual task was one cord per day. When sixteen years old 
 he went to work in his brother-in-law’s foundry (King’s), 
 where he remained two years, acquiring a knowledge of the 
 mechanical part of the business. He next was engaged at 
 Coffin & Dennis’ foundry, at Ithaca I'alls, and at the end of 
 two years, having had his wages gradually advanced from 
 seventy-five cents per day to one dollar and seventy-five 
 cents, he was appointed foreman by the firm, and placed in 
 charge of their foundry and machine-shop, at what was then 
 considered a high salary, fifty dollars per month. He con- 
 tinued in this capacity for about eight years, enjoying the 
 entire confidence of the firm, and originating many valuable 
 improvements in the equipping and running of their various 
 woiks, refusing at one time to receive full pay, during a 
 season when their business was unusually dull, being con- 
 tented with forty dollars per month. While foreman, about 
 1830, he conceived the idea of a concave mould-board plow, 
 instead of the convex form then in use; and had some made 
 and sold of this new pattern. They rapidly came into use, 
 and the invention became public property, as he had neg- 
 lected to apply for a patent ; and no plow manufacturer has 
 been able to monopolize that feature since. He is gifted 
 with an innate mechanical ingenuity, and at that time was 
 recognized as a skilful and energetic manager. He was 
 both industrious and economical, and made his home with 
 his parents, assuming the burden of their support when 
 helpless from disease. In 1836, having saved about three 
 thousand dollars, besides owning a good house and lot, he 
 decided to go into business for himself. His attention was 
 attracted towards the anthracite coal region of Pennsylvania, 
 then beginning to be systematically worked, and he went to 
 the Beaver Meadow region to start a foundry, and removed 
 thither with his family. He was proposing to associate one 
 of his brothers in business as a paitner, and intrusted him 
 with the greater part of his money, to purchase iron, etc. 
 Through the misconduct of his brother the funds were all 
 lost, and he was left almost without resources. Determined, 
 however, to carry out his enterprise, he succeeded in start- 
 ing a small foundry, run by horse power, and very soon was 
 doing a profitable business in making car-wheels, and doing 
 other work for the coal companies. He remained there only 
 about two years, when, having an opportunity to sell his 
 foundiy to good advantage, he returned to Ithaca. While 
 at Beaver Meadows he made a very important improvement 
 in car-wheels, casting them with a solid hub — instead of the 
 former mode of casting in two sections — and for which he 
 was granted letters patent, March loth, 1838. Hon. 
 .Samuel D. Ingham, for some time Secretary of the Treasury 
 under the Jackson administration, was then the president of 
 the Beaver Meadow and Hazleton Coal Company, and un- 
 dertook to contest his claim to this invention, and a long 
 and expensive scries of lilig.ations was the result. Mr. 
 .Mooers was engaged in defending his claim for between two 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 587 
 
 and three years after leaving Pennsylvania, and expended 
 in it all he had gained there; he was, however, successful 
 in substantiating his claim, and held his patent. He was 
 employed for some time in Ithaca as a foreman, and in 1S40, 
 joining a fellow-workman, named Benjamin C. Vail, pur- 
 chased a small foundry in that town, which they operated 
 for several years successfully. They erected a new shop, 
 and were doing a very profitable business, when their works 
 took fire and were entirely destroyed. Their liabilities 
 were $45,000, and the entire amount was liquidated, chiefly 
 from the collection of accounts due them, but their capital 
 was entirely swept away by the disaster. Mr. Mooers had 
 some time previously been granted another patent, for an 
 improved side-hill plow, which was very po])ular at the 
 time, and he had employed a man named Hardy, as his 
 agent, to sell the right. Leaving his late partner, Vail, to 
 settle up their business, he started to look after Hardy, who 
 had been very successful in disposing of the territory, and 
 had realized a large amount of money. These funds Hardy 
 appropriated to his own use, and Mr. Mooers again found 
 himself without any means, except his house in Ithaca. 
 After some time he succeeded in leasing the foundry of V. 
 Conrad, in Ithaca, and was occupied for several years in the 
 manufacture of car wheels, threshing machines, etc. During 
 this period he traded some machines for a tract of pine 
 lands in the Saginaw region, which he has held until they 
 have become valuable, and a source of income from saw- 
 mills on the land, in which he has an interest. In 1852 he 
 closed his business in Ithaca, and removed to Buffalo, where 
 he again engaged in the foundry and car-wheel business 
 with other parties, the firm being Mooers, Purdy & Co. 
 The works were -carried on very prosperously for several 
 years, until the company became involved through the dis- 
 honesty of one of its members, and the partnership was dis- 
 solved in 1858. After the affairs of the partnership were 
 finally settled, he found he had saved something, and in 
 i860 went to Ohio, where he tarried for a while in Toledo, 
 and found employment at the Novelty Works. In the 
 autumn of that year he went South, and with a companion 
 named Hamilton, visited Nashville, with a view of starting 
 car works there, and was offered fine inducements by Mr. 
 Stevenson, a railroad President. The Presidential canvass 
 was then in progress, and the general excitement prevailing 
 decided them not to remain. Hamilton especially became 
 greatly alarmed at Mooer’s outspoken abolition sentiments, 
 and did not rest until they had reached free territory. Re- 
 turning to Toledo, they leased a building on the site of the 
 jjresent works, and proceeded to fit it up as a foundry and 
 machine shop. Soon after it went into operation, he pur- 
 chased Hamilton’s interest in it, and subsequently Mr. 
 Shoemaker became his partner for a few years, but eventu- 
 ally disposed of his share to his partner. In 1868 he asso- 
 ciated his son and two sons-in-law, Messrs. Cook, brothers, 
 and the business has been since carried on without change, 
 the firm being chiefly engaged in building circular saw-mills 
 
 and steam-engines. The senior member of this firm has 
 been noted from his youth as a staunch temperance man 
 and one of the earliest workers in that cause. While a 
 citizen of Ithaca, he was an active member of the Sons of 
 Temperance, and a prominent member of the Grand Divi- 
 sion of the State. He devoted much of his time and means 
 towards the furtherance of the cause, and aided largely by 
 his influence and efforts in carrying the State election in 
 favor of temperance measures. at one time, when Myron 11 . 
 Clark was elected Governor. Since his residence in Toledo, 
 he has been identified with all temperance movements and 
 organizations, and has ever been known as an uncompromis- 
 ing opponent to the traffic in everything that intoxicates, 
 even refusing to use any medicine himself that contains 
 alcohol in its preparation, and will doubtless die, as he has 
 lived, a thorough and radical teetotaller. In 1873 "'tis 
 sent as one of a committee from Toledo, to visit and inspect 
 the Silicon Steel Works at Elmira, New York. At the 
 same time he visited Ithaca, where he met Hon. Ezra Cor- 
 nell, whom he had once known as a farmer boy, who like 
 himself had first visited Ithaca to work for a livelihood. 
 Henry Mooers was married in Dryden, New York, to 
 Cynthia Milk. 
 
 E.ST, JOSEPH IL, Lawyer, was born, November 
 22d, 1822, in Clinton county, Ohio. He is the 
 second of eleven children of Peyton West and 
 Sarah Hadley. Peyton West was a native of 
 Pittsylvania county, Virginia, and by occupation 
 a surveyor. In 1807 he emigrated to Ohio, set- 
 tling in Clinton county, on the East Fork of the Little 
 Miami river, where he died, August 22d, 1870. He was 
 identified with the growth of Clinton county, taking a promi- 
 nent part in all enterprises of public moment. Peyton West 
 was one of the first surveyors of Clinton county, discharging 
 the duties of that office for about twenty five years. For 
 several years he was Collector of Taxes for his county. 
 Sarah Hadley West was a native of Guilford county. North 
 Carolina, and daughter of James Hadley, an early jiioneer 
 who settled in Highland county in 1804. The subject of 
 this sketch was bred to a life of industry and morality, under 
 the best of home influences. He was employed at farm 
 work until he reached manhood. His education had been 
 so meagre that up to this time he could scarcely read. 
 The spur of ambition impelled him to seek means to improve 
 his'mind and fit himself for a life of usefulness. In 1843 
 he walked barefooted to Wilmington, Clinton county, a dis- 
 tance of twelve miles. Here he attended school for about 
 one year, doing any honest work the while that would en- 
 able him to pay his board. He improved his time so well 
 that he secured a teacher’s certificate, and immediately took 
 charge of a school in Clinton county. He remained in this 
 position, discharging his duty faithfully, reading law and 
 cultivating his mind generally, for one year, when he re- 
 
588 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 turned to Wilmington and pursued his law studies for six 
 months. In Noveml)er, 1845, he went to Cincinnati, and 
 for the next six months was employed as salesman in a 
 wholesale dry-goods house. In 1846 he enlisted as a 
 private in Company B, 9th Regiment Ohio Volunteers, and 
 started for iMexico. He went with his regiment as far as 
 New Orleans to be mustered into the service. In conse- 
 quence of a disabled shoulder he was unable to pass muster, 
 and was therefore honorably discharged. He found him- 
 self away from home and without money. He worked his 
 way on a steamboat up to Vicksburg, where he remained a 
 few weeks, and then went up the Yazoo river to engage in 
 lumber rafting. After being thus employed for several 
 months he lande<i with his raft at New Orleans,' June 29th, 
 1847, route for home. From New Orleans he took pas- 
 sage to Cincinnati, where he obtained employment as a sales- 
 man in a wholesale grocery house. He remained in this 
 situation until November of 1848, when he took a stock of 
 goods and opened a store for his firm at Williamstown, 
 Grant county, Kentucky. In this way he conducted busi- 
 ness for his firm until September, 1851, when the latter 
 failed. By the failure of his principals he lost what money 
 he had, and was obliged to borrow money from a friend in 
 order to reach Martinsville, in his native county. In Janu- 
 ary of 1852 he was employed as driver of a notion wagon, 
 but one month of such employment sufficed to turn him to 
 other pursuits. In 1853 he located again at Martinsville 
 and resumed reading law. July 14th, 1854,116 was admitted 
 to the bar of Xenia, Ohio, and immediately opened a law 
 office at Wilmington, Clinton county. Six months after his 
 admission to the bar, he was engaged as attorney to the 
 Cincinnati, Wilmington & Zanesville Railroad Company, 
 holding that position until i860. In the meantime he had 
 been admitted to practise in the United States courts. In 
 October of i860 he was elected Probate Judge of Clinton 
 county, and was re-elected in 1863, discharging the duties 
 of that position for about six years. Since 1866 he has 
 been actively engaged in the management of a large legal 
 practice. He has been an ardent Republican since the 
 organization of that party, and was a delegate to the National 
 Republican Convention of 1864. He is a man of forcilile 
 character and affable demeanor. September 19th, 1850, he 
 married Henrietta Stroud, a native of Williamstown, Grant 
 county, Kentucky. Edward J. West, his eldest son, was 
 born, December 8th, 1851, at Blanchester, Clinton county, 
 Ohio. He passed his boyhood on a farm, and received a 
 liberal education at the Wilmington High School. He 
 began to read law at the age of sixteen, and pursued his 
 studies with great diligence. For two years he taught 
 school, devoting his leisure hours to his law books. Janu- 
 ary 29th, 1873, he was admitted to the bar. In 1875 he 
 was brought out by his fellow-citizens and elected Prosecut- 
 ing Attorney of Clinton county. He is probably the 
 youngest man in the State filling such a position. Before 
 he was of age Mr. West had made a reputation as a news- 
 
 paper correspondent, and was prominent as an orator. He 
 was especially known to the people of his county as a vigor- 
 ous and enthusiastic temperance lecturer and Sunday-school 
 worker, having been sent as the representative of Clinton 
 county to the Ohio State Sunday-School Conventions of 
 1872-73-74-75. Mr. West has thus far displayed great 
 energy in the practice of his profession and gives promise 
 of a useful career. 
 
 j ADE, JEPTHA H. (universally known as the 
 “Telegrapher ”), Inventor and Banker, was born 
 in Seneca county. New York, August nth, 1811. 
 He is the son of Jeptha Wade, a surveyor and 
 civil engineer. His father died when he was 
 quite young, and he was therefore compelled to 
 take care of himself. He was first apprenticed as carpenter 
 and attracted the attention of those with whom he was asso- 
 ciated by his superior genius, in construction of several rare 
 and complic.ited musical instruments on which he pl.ayed 
 in church and in the bands. He was the commander of 
 the four hundred Seneca county riflemen, when every man 
 cept his own rille, and closed the season with target jrractice ; 
 he was unexcelled as a marksman. At twenty-one he 
 owned a large sash and blind factory. At the age of twenty- 
 four his ambition led him to the studio of the portrait artist, 
 Randall Palmer. His success was wonderful, and in a few 
 years, throughout the States of New York, Michigan, and 
 Louisiana, he was noted for the beautiful portraits he had 
 painted. When residing in Adrian, Michigan, he became 
 interested in the discovery of Daguerre and sent for a 
 camera, and aided only by printed instructions, took the 
 first daguerreotype ever executed west of New York. 
 While in New Orleans he found that his health required 
 more out-door employment, and as the first telegraph line 
 between Washington and Baltimore had just been built, he 
 returned to Detroit, and after a brief study into the mysteries 
 of the new science, at the head of a corps of laborers began 
 to construct along the Michigan Central Railroad the first 
 telegraph line west of Buffalo. He opened and equipped 
 the Jackson office, being self-taught, served both as operator 
 and manager until he began to construct as proprietor. He 
 soon had lines of telegrajrh the length and breadth of Ohio 
 and west to St. Louis, which were called the “ Wade lines.” 
 Soon he had more or less trouble from stockholders who 
 were anxious for dividends, ignorant employes, imperfect 
 insulation and sharp competition. The imperfect insulation 
 was overcome by his invention, the “ Wade insulator,” now 
 in use. He enclosed the submarine cable in iron across the 
 Mississippi, at St. Louis, which invention led to telegraph 
 cables across the oceans. The House Printing-Telegraph 
 Company joined the Wade, Speed, and other competing 
 lines in consolidation under the name of Western Union 
 Telegraph Company ; Mr. Wade w'as General Man.ager, 
 with head-quarters in Rochester, New York. This company. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 589 
 
 by long connected circuits instead of frequent stoppages and 
 repetitions, and delivery entirely by telegraph, killed compe- 
 tition and became successful. He conceived and carried 
 into practical operation the Pacific Telegraph from St. Louis 
 to San Francisco. He thus furnished the builders of the 
 Union Pacific Railroad their example, as they followed 
 practically the route he had laid out with his telegraph. He 
 started out in the spring of 1861 with more than one hun- 
 dred fat beef cattle, wagons, tools, material for the entire 
 line, tents and provisions for men, a knife, a pair of revolv- 
 ers, and a sixteen-shooter rifle, to defend themselves against 
 the Indians, and although in many places they had to draw 
 timber for posts two hundred and fifty miles, and water for 
 men and teams long distances, yet notwithstanding these 
 and other difficulties the line was completed on the 24th of 
 October of that same year. He was the first President of 
 the Pacific Telegraph Company, and when it was consoli- 
 dated with the Western Union Telegraph Company he w.as 
 made President of the entire combination, which position he 
 continued to hold until 1867, w'hen he resigned in conse- 
 quence of a serious illness caused by overwork. Although 
 he has a large fortune, acquired by industry, perseverance 
 and capacity for executing great projects, he is not idle, but 
 is a leading director in many of the largest factories, banks, 
 railroads and other public institutions. When the Citizens’ 
 Savings and Loan Association of Cleveland was organized 
 in 1867, he was elected its President. He originated the 
 Lake View Cemetery Association, and as its President 
 opened it to the public m 1871. The “Wade Park,” an 
 extensive tract of land, has been beautified at his own ex- 
 pense, and the public enjoy the benefit of its beauties. He 
 is appreciated in Cleveland as one of her benefactors for his 
 unostentatious charities, and for opening, beautifying, and 
 improving localities and streets. 
 
 ^fr^UCKEY, AUGUSTUS W., Real Estate Operator, 
 was born, March 6th, 1817, in Gallipolis, Ohio, 
 and is a son of John L. and Anna (Wolflerj 
 Luckey. His father was a native of Maryland; 
 he was married in Middletown, Pennsylvania, in 
 1816, and soon after removed to Ohio, moving 
 his wife and worldly goods in a one-horse wagon over the 
 mountains, and located at Gallipolis. In December, 1823, 
 they removed to northern Ohio, stopping first at Lower 
 Sandusky, now Fremont. His father having located one 
 hundred acres of government land on Portage river, sixteen 
 miles distant from Lower Sandusky, moved his family there 
 in the same month, and w’ere five days on this short journey 
 of sixteen miles, being obliged to cut their way through the 
 woods, and ford the streams. After they reached the tract 
 of land, they were obliged to build a log house, and during 
 the winter suffered many privations. In the following 
 summer they were nearly prostr.ated with the fevers which 
 
 prevailed throughout the region. There were but few 
 neighbors at first, but towards the close of 1824, some more 
 settlers appeared. The country, however, improved but 
 slowly, although it became healthier after farms were opened. 
 Two years after the family arrived, a school-house was 
 built, which Augustus attended when about eight years old. 
 He received all his education in the district schools held 
 there, but was generally employed in assisting his father to 
 clear the farm, or in working by the month in the vicinity. 
 When fourteen years old, he worked one season at four 
 dollars per month wages. He married when in his twen- 
 tieth year, and commenced a farm on forty acres of land on 
 Toussaint creek, which he had purchased; it was about 
 three miles distant from his father’s place. He commenced 
 with nothing. He built a cabin, but had neither furniture 
 to place in it, nor a team to assist him in clearing the land. 
 He remained there two years, when his parents died, and 
 he returned to the homestead ; this was situated on the 
 river opposite the site of the present town of Elmore. He 
 was elected a Justice of the Peace when he was twenty-one 
 years old, and held that position for nine years. Until 1850 
 he was chiefly employed in clearing and working the farm, 
 and gradually improved his financial condition. At that date 
 he purchased a tract of land opposite his farm for John H. 
 Foster, of Norwalk, and laid out the town of Elmore. Dur- 
 ing the following year he purchased P'oster’s interests in the 
 place, and proceeded to dispose of the lots. The Cleveland 
 & Toledo Railroad was completed the same year, and as it 
 passed through Elmore, the lots sold off rapidly and profit- 
 ably. He continued to make investments in lands, and 
 found himself in a few years engaged in an extensive real 
 estate business, buying and selling for himself and others in 
 Ottawa and adjoining counties. His transactions have been 
 very large and varied. In one township near Elmore, 
 nearly every tract has been owned or sold by him. He is 
 now associated with Hon. Rutherford B. Hayes and others 
 in real estate operations in Toledo and its vicinity. In 
 political sentiments he was formerly an old-line Whig, and 
 after the disintegration of that party was inclined towards 
 conservative views, but during the late civil war he was one 
 of the most active in his own county in aiding the govern- 
 ment and raising recruits. His son, James B. Luckey, 
 though but seventeen years of age, recruited a company fur 
 the 3d Ohio Cavalry, and served as Captain of Comjrany L 
 throughout the war. In 1864, when it seemed almost im- 
 possible to induce men to enlist, Mr. Luckey persuaded 
 more than one to go to the field, giving one man forty acres 
 of good land, to another one hundred dollars, and pledged 
 himself individually to contribute three dollars per month 
 to the families of all who should volunteer. He was also 
 appointed hy Governor Tod, and acted very efficiently, as a 
 Draft Commissioner. He was married, February 26th, 
 1837,10 Desire M., daughter of Joseph Hall, one of the 
 first settlers at Port Clinton, and an owner of extensive tracts 
 of land and of several mills on Portage river. He has had 
 
590 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 four children, of whom two are now living. Mary, his 
 daughter, is the wife of D. Wood, and resides in Fortino; 
 and his son, Janies B., is associated with him in the real 
 estate business. The latter is now Auditor of Ottawa 
 county, a Republican in politics, but elected in a county 
 strongly Democratic. 
 
 lAWSON, LA QUINIO, M. D., Physician and 
 Farmer, was born, September 14th, 1804, in the 
 town of Erwin, F'ranklin county, Massachusetts, 
 and is a son of Lemuel Rawson, a native of the 
 same State, and a lineal descendant of Edward 
 Rawson, the first Secretary of the colony of Massa- 
 chusetts Bay, who emigrated from Gillingham, England, in 
 1636, to New England, and represented the town of New- 
 bury in the General Court of the year 1639. Dr. Rawson 
 passed his early years upon his father’s farm, attending the 
 district school during the winter season. When sixteen 
 years of age he entered the academy, where he continued 
 for two years, teaching school in the winter. When about 
 nineteen years old he left home and travelled to Ohio, 
 reaching Newbury, Geauga county, where an elder brother 
 resided, engaged in the practice of medicine. In March, 
 1824, he commenced the study of medicine with his brother, 
 remaining in his office about two years, and thence went to 
 Zanesville, where he continued his readings with Dr. 
 P'lanner. In July, 1826, he was licensed by the Ohio 
 Medical Society, and commenced the practice of his profes- 
 sion in Crawford county, where he remained about eighteen 
 months. In December, 1827, he removed to the town of 
 Lower Sandusky — now Fremont — and resumed his practice. 
 The country was new, and the town contained less than 
 three hundred inhabitants. There were but few physicians 
 in that section, and the practice was very laborious and 
 trying to the soundest constitution. In 1833 he went to 
 Cincinnati, where he passed the winter in attendance upon 
 the lectures in the Ohio Medical College, receiving from 
 that institution the degree of Doctor of Medicine. He 
 subsequently went to Philadelphia, and attended the lec- 
 tures delivered at the University of Pennsylvania, where he 
 also graduated, and received the diploma of that celebrated 
 school, and also the diploma of the Philadelphia Medical 
 Society, of which he became a member. While continuing 
 the active practice of medicine, he held the office of Clerk 
 of the Court of Cotnmon Pleas of Sandusky county, and 
 also Clerk of the Supreme Court continuously from 1836 to 
 1852. In 1855 he became, with others, interested in the 
 construction of the Lake Erie & Louisville Railroad ; and 
 at the time of the organization of the company was made 
 its President, which office he continues to hold. He has 
 taken an active part in the management of the road, aiding 
 it lilrerally with his means. Previous to i860 he withdrew 
 entirely from the practice of his profession, and has since 
 employed his leisure time in agricultural pursuits, he being 
 
 the owner of a fine farm at a short distance from the town 
 limits, and also of another some miles beyond, which is 
 devoted to stock raising. He is a stockholder and a Direc- 
 tor of the First National Bank of P'remont. He is a Re- 
 publican in politics, but has never been a candidate for any 
 office. He was, however, a delegate to the National Con- 
 vention of 1864, which assembled in Baltimore, and nomi- 
 nated President Lincoln for a second term. He was 
 married, July 8th, 1829, at Fremont, to Sophia Beaugrand, 
 and has had eight children, of whom there are but three 
 now living — one daughter and two sons — all at home. His 
 eldest son, Eugene A. Rawson, born March 14th, 1840, 
 enlisted in the army while at school in Homer, New York, 
 and was several times promoted. While Major of the 77th 
 Regiment Ohio Volunteers, and leading his command in a 
 charge at Tupelo, Mississippi, in 1864, he fell mortally 
 wounded. 
 
 RIMBLE, ALLEN, ex-Governor of Ohio, was 
 born in Augusta county, Virginia, November 24th, 
 1783. His ancestors, paternal and maternal, 
 were of the intelligent, adventurous Scotch-Irish 
 stock that at an early day settled the valley of 
 Virginia and formed the bulwark of stout arms 
 and brave hearts between the Northwestern Indians and 
 the Eastern settlements of Virginia. In one of their savage 
 and merciless assaults on this border population of Augusta 
 county, John Trimble, the grandfather of Allen, was slain 
 while defending his home and family, and James, his only 
 son, then a lad of ten years, with others, taken prisoners. 
 This bloodstained band was successfully pursued over the 
 Allegheny mountains by a party under Colonel Moffit, a 
 stepson of John Trimble, the Indians surprised, and the 
 prisoners rescued. When twenty-one years of age James, 
 the father of Allen Trimble, participated in the severely 
 contested but decisive battle of Point Pleasant, fought by 
 the valley troops, under General Lewis, in 1774, with the 
 combined Indian forces, under their most distinguished 
 chief. Cornstalk. He also commanded a company of bor- 
 der troops during the revolutionary war, that aided in suc- 
 cessfully repelling the frequent inroads attempted on the 
 border settlements by the combined British and Indian 
 forces. In 1780 he married Jane, daughter of James Allen, 
 whose only brothers perished on battle-fields — one at 
 Grant’s defeat, near P'ort Duquesne, and the other at Point 
 Pleasant, under Lewis. In 1784 Captain Trimble, having 
 previously located in Kentucky the land warrants received 
 for military service, formed, with his young family, part of 
 a company of over 500 souls who, under command of Gen- 
 eral Knox, of revolutionary memory, traversed the wilder- 
 ness from Virginia to the interior of Kentucky on horseback, 
 depending upon ^heir rifles for supplies and for defence 
 against hostile Indians. Allen, the subject of this sketch, 
 was eleven months old, and was carried in his mother’s 
 


 
 
 
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BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 591 
 
 arms on this tedious and perilous journey. Captain Trim- 
 ble settled a few miles from McConnell’s Station (now 
 Le.xington, Kentucky), where he continued till his death 
 in 1804. He had in 1S02, inlluenced by high moral and 
 religious considerations, and with a view to the ultimate 
 interests of his growing family, resolved to manumit his 
 slaves and make his home in the territory northwest of the 
 Ohio river. In execution of this purpose he visited Ohio 
 in 1S02, accompanied by his son Allen, and selected lands 
 in the Scioto and Paint valleys, and one tract of 1200 acres 
 on Clear Creek, in Highland county. On this latter he 
 determined to locate his family, and in April, 1S04, with a 
 sufficient working force, built on it a comfortable double 
 log cabin, cleared the land, and planted an orchard of five 
 or six acres, the trees for which were carried on horseback 
 from Kentucky, his son Allen managing the home business 
 during his absence. The death of his father in October of 
 this year (1804) left Allen — not yet twenty-one — the re- 
 sponsible head of the family, with his father’s well-consid- 
 ered and cherished purposes to execute (save one, the 
 freedom of his slaves ; the deeds for the manumission of 
 these had been recorded in his lifetime). With a good 
 English and thorough business education, a self-reliance 
 taugbt by his father’s confidence and example, and with a 
 strong sense of duty to a mother and younger brothers and 
 sisters, he was not unfitted for the delicate trust, and with 
 the energy and despatch which distinguished him in after 
 life, he proceeded to settle the affairs of his father’s estate, 
 and in October, 1805, took possession of the residence in 
 Ohio consecrated by his father’s labors. In 1809 he was 
 appointed Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas and Su- 
 preme Court for Highland county, and County Recorder, 
 which positions he occupied seven years. This appoint- 
 ment caused him to make Hillsborough, the county seat, 
 his residence, which it continued to be during the remain- 
 der of his life. Notwithstanding his official position, he 
 yielded to his country’s call for brief periods of military 
 service in both 1812 and 1813. When Hull’s surrender 
 exposed the frontier to the incursions of combined British 
 and Indian forces, and before the United States government 
 had provided means of defence. Governor Shelby, of Ken- 
 tucky, appointed General Harrison, of Ohio, to the com- 
 mand of the Kentucky troops. The latter issued a call for 
 regiments for thirty days’ service, to be raised in Ohio and 
 join his Kentucky troops. Allen Trimble was elected 
 Colonel of one of these regiments, and joined General Har- 
 rison at St. Mary’s. He was ordered with his command to 
 the relief of the garrison at Fort Wayne, which was seriously 
 threatened by the enemy, and to disperse the Indians com- 
 bining on the upper Wabash and Eel rivers. This service 
 was performed in such manner as to elicit from General 
 Harrison a very complimentary approval. The time for 
 the call having expired, and its purpose accomplished, these 
 troops were disbanded. In 1813, at the general call of 
 Governor Meigs, he marched a regiment to Upper San- 
 
 dusky. For want of supplies General Harrison was com- 
 pelled to dismiss this patriotic force of Ohio volunteers and 
 direct their return to their homes. In 1816 Allen Trimble 
 was elected to the Legislature from Highland county by a 
 large majority over the former representative, and took his 
 seat in the first General Assembly convened at Columbus. 
 In 1817 he was elected to the Senate from the district com- 
 posed of the counties of Highland and Fayette; the same 
 constituency returning him four successive terms of two 
 years each by very large majorities. At the session of 1818 
 he was elected Speaker of the Senate over General Robert 
 Lucas, the former Speaker, and was continued in that posi- 
 tion, almost by common consent, for seven successive years. 
 That he should have been continued Speaker so many 
 years, at a time when the Senate of Ohio was remarkable 
 for men of ability, is evidence that he possessed the higher 
 qualities of manhood which inspired and retained the con- 
 fidence of his compeers. It was claimed by them at the 
 time, and oft repeated since, that Allen Trimble made the 
 ablest presiding officer that had been known in Ohio. At 
 the session of 1821 he was elected United States Senator by 
 the General Assembly, to fill the vacancy caused by the 
 death of Colonel William A. Trimble, brother of Allen. 
 The Speaker of the Senate, by provision of tbe Constitution, 
 became tbe acting Governor until the position was filled by 
 the people at the general election of October, 1822. During 
 the session of 1821 a joint resolution of the Legislature 
 authorized the Governor to appoint a committee to examine 
 and report to the next General Assembly upon the subject 
 of common schools, and the policy of the adoption of the 
 system by the State of Ohio. The acting Governor was 
 careful to appoint men of enlightened and liberal views, 
 trusting to the merits of the subject to elicit from them a 
 favorable report. Owing to the intrinsic difficulties of the 
 subject, not then understood as now — especially by men in 
 a new State, made up largely of population from older 
 States, in which no such system prevailed — the committee 
 did not report till the session of 1824. They then pre- 
 sented an able and unanimous report in favor of the system, 
 and legislative enactments during that session engrafted it 
 upon the public policy of the State. At this session, also, 
 the canal policy was adopted, and ex-Governor Brown, 
 Allen Trimble, and Ebenezer Buckingham (a member of 
 the Senate) were elected by the General Assembly the first 
 Canal Fund Commis.sioncrs, and authorized to negotiate the 
 first loan of the State for canal purposes. This was suc- 
 cessfully accomplished and on as favorable terms as any 
 since made by the State. At the October election of 1826 
 Allen Trimble was elected Governor by an unusually large 
 majority over his competitors, John Bigger, John W. Camp- 
 bell, and Benjamin Tappan — the vote being for Bigger 
 4114, for Campbell 4675, for Tappan 4192; in all, 12,981 ; 
 and for Trimble 71,475 — a majority of 58,494. The liberal 
 and enlightened views of public ]5olicy which had marked 
 his career as a legislator, characterized his administration as 
 
592 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 Chief Executive, and were earnestly pressed upon the Leg- 
 islature. At the session of 1826 Governor Trimble was 
 authorized by the Legislature to select the half million 
 acres of land granted by Congress to the State for canal 
 purposes. Associating with himself Mr. Louis Davis, of 
 Cincinnati, an early pioneer, he spent several weeks of the 
 summer of 1827 in the Maumee and Sandusky valleys, in 
 the discharge of this duty, and received the thanks of the 
 Legislature for the manner in which the important trust had 
 been performed. In 1S28 General Jackson’s popularity 
 and influence had not only created a powerful party for his 
 support, but one in violent hostility to Mr. Clay and his 
 friends. Governor Trimble had been one of Mr. Clay’s 
 most ardent supporters from his first appearance on the field 
 as a candidate for the Presidency. No amount of patriotic 
 service to the State seemed able to stem the tide of party 
 feeling, or resist the force of party discipline which had 
 been inaugurated by the Jackson party. The Clay Whigs 
 of Ohio went into the battle with Governor Trimble as 
 their standard-bearer, and after the most severe political 
 contest known in the State to that time, had the gratifica- 
 tion of electing, not only the Governor, but a majority of 
 both branches of the I.egislature. The State was carried 
 at the November election for General Jackson by several 
 thousand majority. Success in this contest increased the 
 previous partiality of the Whigs of the State for their Gov- 
 ernor, attributing, as they did, their success in the general 
 election in great measure to his popularity. A wise and 
 economical administration of the affairs of the State retained 
 political power in the hands of the Whig party of Ohio 
 until the Presidential election in 1832. At the close of this 
 executive term, December, 1830, Governor Trimble retired 
 from public life, carrying with him to that retirement as 
 large a share of public confidence and respect as any man 
 who had served the State. Including his clerkship, he had 
 now been in official positions continuously for twenty years 
 — thirteen years prominently before the public eye, as 
 Representative, Senator, Speaker of the Senate, and Gov- 
 ernor of the State — and in every position regarded as an 
 honest, capable, faithful public servant. He had aided in 
 maturing and putting into successful operation liberal and 
 enlightened systems of policy that secured to the State a 
 rapid growth and substantial prosperity, and made it a 
 worthy example as the first born of the free States north- 
 west the Ohio river. Though but forty-seven years of age, 
 he could well afford to retire with gratified ambition and 
 give his attention to agricultural pursuits, to which he had 
 been trained from boyhood, and which he had always pur- 
 sued with interest and pleasure. To aid in building up this 
 important interest of the State he gave time, influence, and 
 money, and had the gratification during his life of witness- 
 ing the fruit of efforts made in connection with other 
 enlightened and liberal agriculturists of the State, in the 
 rapid development atuE improvement of this great field of 
 human labor. Having attached himself to the Methodist 
 
 Episcopal Church in 1828, from strong, deep conviction of 
 duty as a responsible agent owing service and love to his 
 Creator, his walk through life was fraught with influence 
 for good, and his death embalmed with holy and tender 
 remembrances by his surviving relatives and friends. He 
 passed from life peacefully, happily, the 3d of February, 
 1870, in his eighty-eighth year. 
 
 IRCHARD, SARDIS, Merchant, Banker, and 
 Philanthropist, was born, January 15th, iSoi, in 
 Wilmington, Windham county, Veimont, and 
 was the youngest son of Roger and Drusilla 
 (Austin) Birchard. Both of his grandfathers 
 were revolutionary soldiers. One of these, Elias 
 Birchard, died of a disease contracted in the service near 
 the close of the war; and the other. Captain Daniel Austin, 
 served as an officer under Washington throughout the war, 
 and survived many years. The Birchards were among the 
 first settlers of Norwich, Connecticut. When his mother 
 died, five children survived her, and Sardis, the youngest, 
 was taken by his sister Sophia, who had married Ruther- 
 ford Hayes, and became one of their family, and lived with 
 them at Dunmerston, Vermont, until 1S17, when he accom- 
 panied them in their removal to Delaware, Ohio. He 
 acquired the rudiments of an English education by an 
 irregular attendance at such schools as were kept at that 
 early day in the country towns of Vermont. He became an 
 expert hunter and horseman for a boy of his age, and 
 gained some knowledge of business in the store of his 
 brother-in-law, R. Hayes. In Ohio he worked with the 
 latter in building, farming, driving, taking care of stock, 
 and employed all his spare hours in hunting. He was 
 able, with his rifle, to supply his own and other families 
 with turkeys and venison. In 1822 his brother-in-law died, 
 leaving a widow and three young children, and a large un- 
 settled business. Sardis, at this time, was barely twenty-one 
 years of age; but he at once assumed the duties of the head 
 of the family, and applied himself diligently to the manage- 
 ment of the unsettled affairs of his brother-in-law’s estate, 
 and to the care of his household. In September, 1824, he 
 first visited his future home, Fremont, then Lower San- 
 dusky, accompanied by his friend, Benjamin Powers, since 
 a banker of Delaware, Ohio. In the summer of 1825, 
 while mowing in the hay field, he was seriously injured in 
 health by over exertion, and from the effects of this he 
 never entirely recovered. In the winter of 1825-26 he was 
 confined to his bed with an attack called consumption, and 
 it was supposed he would not live till .spring. He, how- 
 ever, spoke hopefully of his condition, and a cheerful dispo- 
 sition, aided by the elasticity of his constitution, carried 
 him safely through. He subsequently made a trip to 
 Vermont on horseback, where he remained until the ap- 
 proach of winter, when he repaired to Georgia, and passed 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOICEDIA. 
 
 593 
 
 the winter in that salubrious region. In 1S27 he purchased 
 a stock of goods in New York city, and accompanied it 
 when shipped to Cleveland. His intention was to sell to 
 laborers on the Ohio Canal, which was then in course of 
 construction from Cleveland southwardly. After passing 
 down the canal into the Tuscarawas valley, he became dis- 
 satisfied with that trade, and having disposed of a portion 
 of his goods to another trader, took the balance to Fort 
 B.all (now Tiffin), wdiere he remained, trading successfully 
 with the new settlers until December of that year, when he 
 removed to Lower Sandusky, and was the first to go into 
 business there alone. He received the Indian trade to a 
 large e.xtent by refusing to sell them liquor. He was in 
 trade three or four years, and having accumulated $10,000, 
 considered himself rich enough to retire. About 1831, 
 however, he formed his first partnership with Rodolphus 
 Dickinson and Esbon Husted, he furnishing the capital. 
 The firm-name was R. Dickinson & Co., and they soon had 
 in operation one of the largest retail stores north of Colum- 
 bus and west of Cleveland, their yearly sales amounting to 
 $50,000, the majority being on credit. He bought the first 
 vessel with Richard Sears, each owning an equal interest. 
 This W'as a schooner, the “ John Richards,” about one 
 hundred tons burthen, and worth about $4000. The first 
 shipment of wheat out of Lower Sandusky, according to 
 the best of his recollection, was made on this schooner; 
 and this shipment was probably the first sent eastw'ard from 
 any lake port west of Cleveland. The wheat from the 
 ridges of Seneca county was then much sought after for 
 starch manufacture, and was then worth fifty cents per 
 bushel. In 1835 Esbon Husted died, and his place in the 
 firm was taken by George Grant, who had been a clerk in 
 the establishment since the formation of the firm. In 1841 
 the latter died, when the firm dissolved, the business being 
 settled by Mr. Birchard. On January ist, 1851, in partner- 
 ship with Lucius B. Otis — forming the firm of Birchard & 
 Otis — the first banking house in Fremont was established. 
 On the removal of Judge Otis to Chicago, in 1856, the re- 
 maining member of the firm formed a partnership with 
 Anson H. Miller and Dr. James \V. Wilson, under the 
 firm-name of Birchard, Miller & Co. In 1863 the First 
 National B.ink of P'remont was organized, when the bank- ' 
 ing firm of Birchard, Miller & Co. was merged in it. It 
 was the second national bank organized in Ohio, and the 
 fifth in the United States. Mr. Birchard was elected Presi- 
 dent of the bank on its organization, and held the position 
 till his death. During the half century which elapsed after ! 
 arriving at man’s estate he was active and conspicuous, 
 where good words and works were required, in the promo- 
 tion of every important scheme designed to advance the 
 welfare of the town and county of his residence. He was 
 connected with the first enterprise that opened river and 
 lake commerce between F'remont and Buffalo. Appropria- 
 tions by the State for the construction of the Western Re- 
 serve and Maumee road had in him an early, untiring, and 
 
 75 
 
 efficient friend ; and through his efforts in circulating peti- 
 tions over the State to influence public opinion, and thus 
 secure favorable legislative action, the work was doubtless 
 completed many years earlier than it would otherwise have 
 been. He ne.xt became enlisted in the enterprise of con- 
 structing the Toledo, Norwalk & Cleveland Railroad. 
 The chances were that the northern and rival route — now 
 known as the Northern Division — would be the one to be 
 constructed first, and a long struggle ensued between the 
 friends of each route. In conjunction with C. L. Boalt, of 
 Norwalk, he was so strenuous in advancing the interests of 
 the Southern route by every means in their power, even by 
 pledging every dollar of their private fortunes for the pur- 
 pose of raising funds to prosecute the enterprise, that the 
 issue turned in their favor; and without such pledges and 
 e.\traord inary personal efforts it is probable the construction 
 of this line would have been postponed many years. He 
 was an active and influential member of the Whig party 
 while it existed, and did not abandon his interests in poli- 
 tics after its demise, but was an earnest supporter of Presi- 
 dent Lincoln and the war. He was a purchaser at the first 
 sale of government bonds, to carry on the war for the Union, 
 made in Ohio in 1862. He was hospitable, warm hearted, 
 and friendly. In addition to contributions to religious and 
 benevolent objects, his private charities were large. A 
 mosf important benefaction, affecting the public interests of 
 Fremont, was made in 1871, in the donation of two tracts 
 of ground, to be devoted to the use of the public as parks. 
 In 1873 he set apart property amounting to $50,000 for the 
 purpose of establishing a public library in Fremont. He 
 appointed a board of trustees to take charge of the same, 
 and provided for the continuance of this board. At that 
 time it was estimated that, including his previous bequests, 
 he had presented to the city one-fifth of his entire estate. 
 For nearly seventeen years he had been a communicant 
 member of the Presbyterian Church, and a constant contrib- 
 utor to its incidental and benevolent funds. He also gave 
 $7000 to the new church edifice now occupied by the con- 
 gregation. Though a member of this church, he frequently 
 aided other congregations without distinction of denomina- 
 tion. He died January 21st, 1874, after an illness of but 
 one hour in duration. 
 
 ^^J^RIMBLE, COLONEL WILLIAM IL, third son 
 c) f II ex-Governor Allen Trimble, was born at Hills- 
 ol|l borough, Ohio, October 22d, 1811. He was 
 educated chiefly at Miami University, and read 
 law with Samson Mason, at Springfield, Ohio. 
 While engaged in the jiractice he yielded to the 
 wishes of his Whig friends, and represented Highland 
 county in the Legislature three terms — 1845, *'546, and 
 1847 — and was solicited in 1848 to be a candidate for the 
 Senate in the strong Whig district composed of the counties 
 of I'ayette and Highland. This he declined, having pre- 
 
594 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 viously built a comfortaV)le home on a farm adjoining the 
 town of Hillsborough, and concluded to devote himself 
 exclusively Jo agricultural pursuits. On various occasions 
 he has given time, effort, and money to measures esteemed 
 of public importance. Of these only his connection with 
 the military affairs of the country are of sufficient general 
 interest to justify notice in this brief sketch. When the war 
 of the rebellion was inaugurated Colonel Trimble was fifty 
 years of age, and of such precarious health as might well 
 have excused his entering the service ; but inherited mili- 
 tary spirit and a deep sense of the importance of preserving 
 the Union induced him first to yield to the suggestion of 
 Governor Dennison to raise a regiment for the defence of 
 the border, when it was uncertain what position Kentucky 
 would take in the contest ; and afterwards, at the recjuest 
 of his officers, to procure an order from the War Depart- 
 ment and raise a regiment for one year of general service. 
 This latter regiment of looo men — the 6oth Ohio- — was 
 assigned to General Fremont’s Virginia command. He 
 made of it and the 8th Virginia Regiment his advance 
 corps brigade, and placed it under the command of Colonel 
 Clusseret, an Algerine French officer. Its position brought 
 it in contact with Jackson’s rear-guard, commanded by 
 Ashby, in several engagements in which the main army did 
 not participate; and in the battle at Cross Keys it constituted, 
 with Millroy’s and Schenck’s brigades, the right wing of 
 Fremont’s army. On all these occasions the command 
 gained credit for good conduct. In the frequent changes 
 occurring in the movement of troops about this time — the 
 summer and autumn of 1862 — the 60th Ohio, with others, 
 had the misfortune to be drifted to Harper’s Ferry, and to 
 the command of Colonel Miles. He appointed Colonel 
 Trimble to the command of the 2d Brigade, consisting of 
 the 9th Vermont, 125th and 126th New York, 60th Ohio, 
 and Rigby’s Indiana Battery, to which was added, during 
 the engagement of this command with the enemy, the 3d 
 Mai7land, 32d Ohio, and Pott’s Ohio Battery, with 87th 
 Ohio on extreme left, guarding the Winchester Railroad 
 track along the Shenandoah river. This force constituted 
 the left flank of the command on the Virginia side of the 
 Potomac, and barely covered with a single line-of-batlle the 
 ground assigned it by Colonel Miles, to wit, part of Bolivar 
 Heights and the space from the Charlestown pike to the 
 Shenandoah river, with no reserve and no chance of rein- 
 forcement, and was thoroughly commanded by the fifty 
 guns skilfully placed under Jack.son’s direction to strike 
 front, flank, and rear of the command. The entire force at 
 Harper’s P'erry, including that of General AVhite, from 
 Martinsburg, was about 10,000 men, fully one-half of which 
 were new regiments, undrilled and undisciplined; and the 
 ground chosen by Miles for defence, by a singular perversity 
 of the commander, left without defensive preparation. It is 
 not within the limits prescribed to this sketch to notice, 
 much less discuss the numerous points of interest connected 
 with the Harper’s Ferry surrender. It shouUl be said. 
 
 however, in justice to the patriotic citizen soldiers forced by 
 the orders of the government into so false a position, and 
 placed under command of the most notoriously incompetent 
 officer developed during the war, that nothing but the 
 rapid succession of disasters to the Union arms which had 
 immediately preceding startled and alarmed the nation, and 
 the utter misconception by the government and people of 
 Harper’s Ferry as a military position, could have prevented 
 the chief blame of the disaster from attaching where it 
 properly belonged — to the government and its military 
 authorities. That misconception consisted in regarding 
 Harper’s Ferry as the key to the surrounding country, and 
 as in and of itself a strong military position — an inland 
 Gibraltar. Surrounded by an open country through which 
 an army of 100,000 men could pass without difficulty, 
 Harper’s Ferry was the key to nothing. The only point to 
 which the term ‘f key ” can be applied is Maryland Heights. 
 Rising 1200 feet above the water level of the Potomac, and 
 at right angles to I.oudon and Bolivar Heights — the former 
 900 and the latter 300 feet elevation — it commands both 
 and the plateau between, including Harper’s Ferry and 
 Town Hill. If deemed necessary to maintain the position 
 before an advancing and triumphant army of 90,000 men, 
 the entire force should have been placed under an able and 
 energetic commander, who, with a competent engineer, 
 might in two or three weeks’ time have so fortified Mary- 
 land Heights as to have held it against Jackson’s force of 
 not less than 30,000 men, till rescued by the advance of the • 
 Union army. Knowing that Jackson had been stationed at 
 Harper’s Ferry in the early part of the war, had carefully 
 investig.ated and thoroughly understood the position. Gen- 
 eral Lee ordered him to march with such force as would 
 render success certain and capture the command at Har- 
 per’s Ferry. It is part of the history of the war, that often 
 as the rebel drove the Union forces from Harper’s Ferry, 
 they never attempted to retain possession. Jackson, whose 
 thorough knowledge and military genius enabled him to 
 judge accurately, considered it an indefensible position, 
 and was said to have pronounced it the greatest slaughter 
 pen on the continent. The United States government, 
 after a thorough topographic survey, abandoned the system 
 of fortifications already begun, thereby confirming the esti- 
 mate of the position previously formed by the enemy. The 
 right thing for the government to have done on the first 
 indication of danger was to have ordered the evacuation of 
 Harper’s Ferry and the march of the force at that point and 
 Martinsburg through Maryland to a junction with some 
 part of the main Union army. The failure to do this, or 
 take possession of and fortify Maryland Heights, and the 
 retaining in command an utterly incompetent officer, ren- 
 ders the government and its military authorities responsible 
 for a disaster that the overwhelming force of the enemy, the 
 skill of its commander, and the false position of the Union 
 force made inevitable. The pretence of rescue by Frank- 
 lin and Sumner’s divisions had not even the shadow of 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 595 
 
 probability to sustain it. After the feeble defence and 
 hasty surrender of Maryland Heights by Miles and Ford, 
 Saturday, September 13th, but one chance remained of 
 saving the garrison — that was, if possible, on Saturday or 
 Sunday* night to have crossed the Potomac and fought 
 through the enemy’s lines on the Maryland side. This was 
 urgecMry the commander of the 2d Brigade and other 
 officers. Officers of the enemy’s force on the Maryland 
 side have since admitted this could have been done. The 
 battle at Antietam being in progress on Sunday, 14th, 
 Jackson had a strong incentive to speedy and vigorous 
 action for the completion of the capture of Harper’s Ferry, 
 that his force might join and strengthen Lee. Selecting 
 the left flank as the weak point of the Union lines, he con- 
 centrated a heavy force of infantry and artillery, consisting 
 of A. P. Hill’s division, supported by Ewell’s; beginning 
 the attack with artillery at noon of the 14th, and by half 
 past two, with a heavy infantry force, attempting to force 
 the Union line. The struggle lasted till night, and resulted 
 in the enemy being driven back in some confusion. The 
 conflict was renewed at daylight (five o’clock Monday 
 morning), and continued till the surrender, at about nine 
 o’clock. The testimony is abundant, and the fact was con- 
 ceded at the time by the officers of the enemy, that Colonel 
 Trimble’s command made a most gallant and persistent 
 defence under the most unfavorable and trying circum- 
 stances, and against a force of more than three times their 
 number. Though escaping on this and other fields. Colonel 
 Trimble was afterwards so seriously injured by his horse 
 being hurled violently upon him as to compel his quitting 
 the service at the moment when promotion was tendered 
 him. 
 
 ^AMMOND, JACOB, M. D., Physician, was born, 
 August. 8th, 1808, in Jefferson county, Ohio, 
 about fourteen miles from Steubenville, and is 
 the seventh of twelve children, whose parents 
 were James and Elizabeth (Latshaw) Hammond. 
 His father was a native of Adams county, Penn- 
 sylvania, and a farmer by occupation. He removed to 
 Ohio in 1806, and settled in Smithfield township, Jefferson 
 county, where he resided until his death, in 1842. His 
 widow, who was a native of Baltimore, Maryland, survived 
 her husband twenty-five years, and died in 1867. Jacob 
 worked on a farm until he was fourteen years old, attending 
 school in winter. In 1823 he went to Richmond, in his 
 native county, for the purpose of obtaining a classical edu- 
 cation. He then returned to Smithfield, and resumed his 
 studies there until 1829. In that year he proceeded to 
 Steubenville, where he commenced reading medicine under 
 the supervision of Dr. Anderson Judkins, of that town, and 
 also attended the lectures delivered in the medical depart- 
 ment of the University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia. 
 In 1831 he commenced the practice of medicine at Steuben- 
 
 ville, remaining there until the summer of that year, when 
 he proceeded to Springfield, in Clarke county, where he 
 practised until the spring of 1832, when he went to Evans- 
 burg, in Coshocton county, and continued his professional 
 duties for two years in that place. He then for about a 
 year took a vacation, and travelled through the country in 
 order to recuperate his health, which had become somewhat 
 impaired. In 1836 he settled at Annapolis, Jefferson 
 county, where he practised his profession until 1862. 
 During these years he attended partial courses of lectures 
 at the Cleveland Medical College and the Berkshire Medi- 
 cal College of western Massachusetts, graduating from the 
 latter institution in 1859. In 1862 he went to Steubenville, 
 where he has ever since resided, engaged in the control of 
 an extensive and lucrative practice. He has been for many 
 years a prominent and active member of the Ohio Medical 
 Association. He has contributed to the literature of the 
 profession on various occasions. Politically he is a Repub- 
 lican, and in religious belief adheres to the principles and 
 practices of the Society of Friends. Socially he is pleasant, 
 affable, and courteous. He has ever led a temperate life, 
 and has been noted for his untiring energy, perseverance, 
 and inflexible integrity. He was married in 1862 to Mary 
 Ann, daughter of William Sharon, and sister of Senator 
 Sharon, of Nevada. 
 
 t EARCE, ENOCH, M. D., Physician and Surgeon, 
 was born, November i8th, 1832, at Westminster, 
 near B.altimore, Maryland, and is a son of Enoch 
 and Rachel (McKensie) Pearce. Both of his 
 parents are Marylanders. His father has fol- 
 lowed mechanical pursuits through life, and re- 
 moved to Ohio in 1840, settling at Steubenville, where he 
 has since resided. Dr. Pearce received a liberal education 
 at the Grove Academy, in Steubenville. In 1848 he com- 
 menced to study medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. 
 Benjamin Tappan, of Steubenville, and for three years 
 pursued his readings with earnestness. He attended the 
 medical lectures delivered at the University of the City of 
 New York in 1851-52, and also at Jefferson Medical Col- 
 lege, Philadelphia, in 1853-54, graduating from the latter 
 institution with honor. He began the practice of his pro- 
 fession in Steubenville, in 1854, and has resided there ever 
 since, having succeeded in cstalfiishing a successful and 
 lucrative line of patronage. During the civil war he was 
 Surgeon of the 6ist Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was with 
 that command at the battles of Cedar Mountain, Second 
 Bull Run, White .Sulphur .Springs, Freeman’s Ford, Fred- 
 ericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg, besides numer- 
 ous lesser eng.agements and skirmishes. After the battle of 
 Gettysburg he was examined by the United States Medical 
 Board, and was appointed Assistant Surgeon of United 
 .States Volunteers, and was commissioned by President 
 Lincoln as such. He held this position one week only. 
 
596 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 when he was promoted to the grade of full Surgeon United 
 States Volunteers, for deserved excellency in scholarship 
 and in the duties of surgeonry and medicine, lie continued 
 in the service, and was assigned to duty in Tennessee, and 
 also to the management of a United Stales army hospital in 
 Louisville for wounded soldiers. His health having be- 
 come impaired, he was discharged from the service by the 
 War Department for physical disability. He immediately 
 returned home, and sought rest as a means to recover his 
 health, and after a year resumed the practice of his profes- 
 sion in Steubenville. On July 24th, 1867, he was appointed 
 Lieutenant-Colonel by brevet in the United States medical 
 service for faithful and meritorious services during the war 
 of the rebellion. In 1869 he received the appointment of 
 Examining Surgeon in the service of the government, which 
 position he yet retains. He has been for a number of years 
 a prominent member of the State Medical Society, and was 
 Chairman of the Committee on the Incurable Insane of 
 Ohio, making the report to the Legislature. He has also 
 written more or less on medical topics. He has been from 
 its organization a prominent officer and member of the Jeffer- 
 son County Medical Association. He was appointed in 
 1875 Censor of the Columbus Medical College. He has 
 never sought or held any public office involving political 
 responsibility. He was married in i860 to Cecilia J., 
 daughter of the late Richard Savary, of Steubenville. 
 
 ^OOD, REV. JEREMIAH HAAK, D. D., Clergy- 
 m.an and Professor of Dogmatic and Practical 
 Theology in the Theological Seminary of Heidel- 
 berg College, Tiffin, Ohio, was born, November 
 22d, 1822, in the village of Rchrersburg, Berks 
 county, Pennsylvania, and is a son of the late 
 Philip Augustus and Elizabeth (Haak) Good. He is of Ger- 
 man lineage, his grandfather having emigrated from Deux- 
 ponts, in the Palatinate. In his ninth year his father re- 
 moved to Reading, Pennsylvania, to enter upon the office 
 of Prothonotary of the county, but died shortly thereafter, in 
 consequence of which he was adopted by his uncle, Joseph 
 Good, who designed him for the bar. In his fourteenth 
 year he resolved to acquire a regular collegiate education, 
 and for this purpose proceeded to Marshall College, at 
 Mercersburg, Pennsylvania. In the succeeding year, by 
 the death of his uncle, he was cast almost entirely upon his 
 own resources. Nevertheless, he persevered, and graduated 
 in the regular course in September, 1842, receiving from the 
 faculty the appointment of valedictorian, which was at that 
 time the highest honor. Immedi.ately upon his graduation 
 he was chosen to the position of Assistant Rector of the pre- 
 paratoi-y department in the same institution, which he filled 
 for three years. In this time a change in his life-purposes 
 occurred, so that he felt it his duty to prepare himself for 
 the ministry; and he accordingly entered the Theological 
 
 Seminary at the same place, then under charge of Rev. Dr. 
 J. W. Nevin, and completed his studies in September, 1845. 
 Having received a call to the Reformed Church, in Lan- 
 caster, Ohio, he resigned his academical appointment and 
 entered upon his ministerial labors in Ohio in October, 1846. 
 At this time the Reformed Church in Ohio was without a 
 college, a theological seminary, or a religious paper. Urg- 
 ing the establishment of the latter as a pressing necessity, 
 and the best means to reach the founding of the former, he 
 was by the Ohio Synod elected editor, and authorized to 
 establish such a paper. This caused his removal to Colum- 
 bus, Ohio, in October, 1848. On January 1st, 1849, he 
 issued the first number of the paper entitled The Western 
 Missionary of the Reformed Chnrch (which has since 
 largely increased in circulation, and is now edited and pub- 
 lished in Cincinnati, Ohio, by Dr. S. Mease, under the title 
 Christian World). By means of this journal the matter of 
 a college and seminary was urged so strongly that the Ohio 
 Synod in 1850 resolved to establish the same at Tiffin, Ohio, 
 and to this end elected Rev. Jeremiah H. Good as Professor 
 of Mathematics, and his brother. Rev. R. Good, as Professor 
 of Natural Sciences in the proposed instiaitions. Funds 
 were gradually gathered and suitable buildings erected, and 
 the college and seminary may now be regarded as firmly 
 and permanently established, having an average attendance 
 of about two hundred and fifty students, and properly worth 
 over ^100,000. P'rom October, 1850, until .September, 1867, 
 he devoted himself to this college professorship, in addition 
 to which he edited the religious paper above mentioned for 
 the first three years. In 1867 the Ohio Synod elected him 
 as Professor of Dogmatic and Practical Theology in its 
 Theological Seminary (connected with the college), of 
 w'hich position he is still the incumbent. In 1868 the de- 
 gree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by his 
 Alma Mater. He is regarded by his colleagues as a man 
 of marked ability and superior culture, and ranks among 
 the first in the denomination for high attainments and spirit- 
 uality. Heidelberg College ow'es much of its prosperity to 
 his influence, he having been to a great extent instrumental 
 in its founding and complete establishment, as above stated. 
 Portly in physique, with a most genial face and winning ad- 
 dress, he attracts all wdth whom he comes in contact. He 
 w'as married in 1847 to Susan Hubbard Root, of Granville, 
 Licking county, Ohio. 
 
 •HOTTER, HON. EMERY D., Lawyer and Jurist, 
 was born, 1804, in Providence county, Rhode 
 
 Island, and is a .son of the late Abraham Potter, a 
 farmer in limited circumstances, w ho removed to 
 Otsego county. New York, when his son W'as two 
 years old. The latter remained in that section 
 until he completed his academical studies, and proposed to 
 enter college, but circumstances prevented, and he com- 
 
597 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 menced the study of law with lion. John A. Dix and Abner 
 Cook, Jr., at Cooperstown. Having diligently pursued his 
 studies, he was admitted to practise in the Supreme Court 
 of the State. Deciding to go farther West, he removed to 
 Toledo, Ohio, in the autumn of 1835, where he immediately 
 commenced the practice of law, and soon rose to distinction, 
 earning a high reputation as a forensic orator and for sound 
 legal attainments. In 1839 he was elected to the office of 
 Presiding Judge of the Thirteenth Judicial Circuit of Ohio, at 
 that time embracing ten counties in the northwestern portion 
 of the State. In the discharge of his official duties he was 
 for five years compelled to travel on horseback, through al- 
 most a wilderness, swimming creeks when the waters were 
 high, and encountering many perils and privations which 
 now would not be dreamed of. In the faithful discharge 
 of his official duties he so won upon the regard of the people 
 of his district that he was nominated in the fall of 1843 
 elected to Congress by a handsome majority, although the 
 district had been previously strongly Whig. While a mem- 
 ber of Congress he took a prominent part in many of the 
 discussions, and was placed upon the Select Committee to 
 report upon the best mode of carrying out the Smithson will, 
 acting with John Quincy Adams in recommending those 
 measures which resulted in founding the Smithsonian Insti- 
 tute. In 1847 was, without solicitation, elected to a seat 
 in the Ohio House of Representatives, where, by common 
 consent, he was recognized as the champion of the Demo- 
 cratic side of that body. In August, 1848, he was a second 
 time nominated for Congress, and elected. On taking his 
 seat in the National House of Representatives, he received 
 during the memorable contest for Speaker of the Thirty-first 
 Congress seventy-eight votes, at different times during the 
 sixty-two ballots that occurred. In forming the committees, 
 he was honored with the Chairmanship of the Committee 
 on Post-Offices and Post-Roads, and was the author of the bill 
 providing in 1851 for cheap postage and the coinage of 
 three cent pieces. Upon the close of his term in Congress, 
 in that year, he returned to the practice of the law in Toledo. 
 In 1857 he was appointed by President Buebanan Judge of 
 the hederal Court in Utah, but declined the honor on ac- 
 count of business requiring his attention in Ohio. He con- 
 tinued in his profe.ssional duties until 1873, when he was 
 elected to a seat in the Ohio Senate, which position he filled 
 until 1875- While a member of that body, he was largely 
 imstrumental in having a l)ill passed by the General Assembly 
 which appropriated the sum of ^10,000 for the propagation 
 of fishes in Ohio, and he is now Superintendent of Fish- 
 hatching in the State, giving his personal attention and 
 supervision to a hatchery which is now ( 1876) in successful 
 operation in Toledo, as well as at other points on the lake. 
 He was first married in 1843 Mary A. Card, of Wil- 
 loughby, Ohio, who died in March, 1847, leaving one son, 
 Emery D. Potter, Jr., a lawyer, now residing in Toledo. 
 He was a second time married, to Anna Billilliken, of 
 Pennsylvania, who has had one daughter, now living. 
 
 (9(J^^%RAYT0N, ROBERT, Machinist, was born, July 
 J / 27th, 1802, in Cranton, near Providence, Rhode 
 
 \ I Island, of American parentage. His father was 
 devoted to agricultural pursuits, and he assisted 
 him in the cultivation of the farm, chopping 
 ^ w'ood, etc., until he was twenty years old. His 
 education was obtained during the winter months in the dis- 
 trict school. In 1822 he began to work in a machine-shop 
 in Providence, where he remained for two years learning 
 that trade ; and was afterwards employed as a journeyman 
 in tlie same establishment, and engaged in the fabrication 
 of cotton and woollen machinery. Having determined to 
 go to the West, he removed to Ohio in 1835 and located at 
 first in Cleveland, where he obtained a position as foreman 
 in the Cuyahoga Iron Works, shortly after his arrival there, 
 and where he continued between sixteen and seventeen 
 years. In 1852 he was appointed Government Inspector of 
 Steam-Boilers for the port of Buffalo, New York, when the 
 law was first passed, and was there about five years. Dur- 
 ing this period he invented and became the patentee of hot- 
 pressed nuts, and disposed of his patent-right in England 
 for a large sum of money. He went next to Salem, Ohio, 
 where he passed some four years engaged in a business en- 
 terprise. In 1865, soon after the close of the war, he was 
 offered an interest in the engine works of D. June & Co., 
 at Fremont, Ohio, the senior partner of which firm had 
 worked with him many years previously in Cleveland; he 
 accepted the proposition, and has ever since been a member 
 of the company. He has been constantly engaged in build- 
 ing machinery of every description for over fifty years, and 
 is probably the oldest machinist living. He excels as an 
 engine-builder. He has had, during his long and active 
 life, many narrow escapes from death by machinery, but was 
 never once injured. He has always enjoyed the best of 
 health, and has never experienced an hour’s illness. He is 
 a man of powerful frame, and is still in vigorous health ; 
 being possessed of a constitution well preserved by exem- 
 plary habits, and though venerable in appearance, he is to 
 be found daily at work in the shops of the company of which 
 he is a partner. Cast-steel was an unknown article when 
 he first began to work at the trade. He was married, April 
 20lh, 1849, Buffalo, to Lucy Harris, and has one son 
 only. Frank Brayton, who works in the same machine-shop. 
 
 ^'ODGE, FREDERICK BLAKE, Lawyer and In- 
 surance Agent, w'as born, March 19th, 1838, at 
 Lyme, New Hampshire, and is of English descent. 
 I le was prepared for college at Kimball’s Union 
 Academy, at Meriden, New Hampshire, and 
 graduated at Dartmouth College, in the same 
 .State, in the cla.ss of i860. He removed to Ohio shortly 
 afterwards and settled in Toledo, where he taught school for 
 two years, and then became a clerk in the office of the 
 
598 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPHiDIA, 
 
 Adjutant-General of Ohio, at Columbus, where he was em- 
 ployed about a year. Returning to Toledo, he commenced 
 the study of law, which he pursued for three years in that 
 city and also in Greenfield and Boston, Massachusetts. He 
 was admitted to the bar, but has never practised his pro- 
 fession. He has been engaged in the insurance business 
 since 1868, being a member of the firm of Brown & Dodge, 
 prominent insurance agents of Toledo. He is also Secre- 
 tary of the Toledo Fire & Marine Insurance Company, one 
 of the oldest corporations in the State, having done business 
 uninterruptedly since 1848; and, although the risks taken 
 have not been as heavy as those assumed by other similar 
 companies, yet they have proved very advantageous and 
 profitable. He is a Republican in political opinion, and 
 has served as an Alderman of the city of Toledo. He was 
 married, October 13th, 1864, to Caroline Elizabeth Perkins, 
 of Newburyport, Massachusetts, and has a family of four 
 children. 
 
 jEBER, GUSTAV C. E., Professor of Surgery, was 
 born in Bonn, Prussia, May 26th, 1828. He 
 came of a good family. His father, M. I. Weber, 
 has been Professor of Anatomy in the University 
 of Bonn, Prussia, since its foundation, in i8i8: 
 author of “Anatomical Atlas,” which has been 
 translated into every printed language, “ The Hand-book 
 of Anatomy of the Human Body,” “ The Pelves and Crania 
 of the Different Races,” “Atlas of the Bones of Domestic 
 Animals” and many other valuable works and writings, 
 and who was decorated by several of the crowned heads 
 of Europe for his distinguished services in the cause of 
 science. Gustav’s education was chiefly obtained at Bonn 
 University, but before matriculating, the revolutionary move- 
 ment of 1848 caused him to emigrate to America, where he 
 could enjoy those republican principles he so much loves. 
 
 
 the field, and the troops were greatly benefited by his 
 labors. In the autumn of that year his wife’s health and 
 the pressure of his professional duties compelled him to 
 resign. Governor Todd addressed to him the following 
 reply : 
 
 State of Ohio, Executive Department, Columbus, 
 
 October 13, 1862. 
 
 Dr. Gustav C. E. Weber, Surgeon-General, Present: 
 
 Your note of last evening, tendering your resignation, is 
 before me. My knowledge of the extremely critical con- 
 dition of Mrs. Weber’s health has led me to expect the step 
 you have taken, but notwithstanding this I felt greatly em- 
 barrassed by it. Upon assuming the responsible duties of 
 Commander-in-Chief of the Ohio forces, it bec.ame my first 
 duty to look to it that the brave and gallant soldiers of Ohio 
 should be well provided with an able, kind and efficient 
 corps of surgeons and physicians. To superintend this 
 great and good work, from a knowledge derived upon my 
 own sick-bed and also that of my family as to your fitness 
 for the position, I selected yourself. Great as my expecta- 
 tion was of your various qualifications, you have, in the 
 discharge of the duties of the position, far more than met 
 my expectations. Hoping that this letter may meet the 
 eyes of your parents, your children and their children, it is 
 due to you to state that, in the skill, energy, system, 
 economy, integrity, firmness and kindness of heart in the 
 discharge of your official duties, you have won for yourself 
 the gratitude and esteem of all good men. To part with 
 such an officer is indeed a painful trial, but I am not in- 
 sensible to the duties of a kind husband, of an affectionate 
 wife and father of an infant child, and therefore I am con- 
 strained, with great regret, to accept your resignation. The 
 telegrams of this morning, however, inform us that upon 
 the battle-field of Perryville, Kentucky, Ohio’s gallant 
 soldiers need your services, and, believing that you will 
 cheerfully, at every hazard, rep.air to their relief, I have to 
 request that you leave by the first train for the scene of 
 action. This duty discharged, I will appoint your suc- 
 cessor. With my kindest regards to Mrs. Weber, and 
 ardent wishes for her speedy restoration to health, 
 
 1 am truly yours, David Tod, Governor. 
 
 He obeyed these instructions, returned to Columbus, closed 
 
 He came to the United States in 1849 began to work 
 at agriculture near St. Louis ; he soon, however, abandoned 
 that business and returned to Europe, and completed his 
 studies at Vienna, Amsterdam and Paris. In 1S53 he came 
 again to this country and settled in New York, where his 
 brother Edward was engaged in the practice of medicine. 
 His brother died that year, and he assumed his practice 
 with success. The demands upon him were so great that 
 his health failed, and in 1856 he was obliged to relinquish 
 his practice. That year he accepted the chair of Surgery 
 in the Cleveland Medical College, made vacant by the 
 resimiation of Dr. Horace A. Ackley, and retained that 
 position seven years. In the autumn of 1861 one of the 
 first acts of Governor Tod was to appoint him Surgeon- 
 General of the Ohio forces, with special mission to organize 
 a system for better medical care of the troops in the field. 
 After making arrangements for the better condition of the 
 camps and hospitals in the State, he obtained from the 
 Secretary of W.ar permission to visit the Ohio soldiers in 
 
 his official relations with the .State and resumed his duties 
 in the college. While holding the office of Surgeon-Gen- 
 eral he reduced the cost of transporting wounded soldiers 
 from four cents per man to half a cent, and this while in- 
 creasing their comfort. In the spring of 1863 he closed his 
 connection with the Cleveland Medical College, and in 
 1864 organized the Charity Hospital Medical College, of 
 which he was made Professor of Clinical Surgery and also 
 Dean of the Faculty. He was also appointed Consulting 
 Surgeon of Charity Hospital, a. noble institution, which 
 owed its existence mainly to his suggestions and efforts. 
 From first to last his services to the hospital were gratu- 
 itously rendered. It was finally merged into the medical 
 department of the University of Wooster, he being chosen 
 to fill the same positions occupied during its independent 
 existence. He made one of the greatest discoveries in 
 modern surgical science by the invention of a new method 
 for closing arteries of large size in surgical operations with- 
 out a ligature. This consists in reflecting the wall of the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 599 
 
 arteiy, or folding it back upon itself (like turning back the 
 cuff of a coat), which doubles the thickness of the arterial 
 wall at the end of the divided artery, and enables the artery 
 to close itself by its own contraction. Lest the wall turn 
 back again, a very delicate silver pin, one-eighth of an 
 inch in length, is passed through the walls of the artery at 
 the point of reflection. This important discoveiy has been 
 frequently tested, never failed, and promises to eventually 
 revolutionize the existing system of closing arteries with 
 ligatures. It prevents the introduction of foreign substances 
 into the wound, and thereby effectually precludes the pos- 
 sibility of decomposition. To him the profession are in- 
 debted for the method of removing stone from the bladder 
 in females by the division of the urethra as far as the 
 sphincter and then its extraction through the dilated sphinc- 
 ter. Many of his other remarkable inventions in surgery 
 might be mentioned. In 1859 he established the Cleveland 
 Medical Gazette, which he conducted with ability during 
 several years. As a lecturer he is logical; and as a surgeon 
 he ranks among the foremost of this country, his operations 
 having acquired a national and European reputation. He 
 was married in 1854 to Ruth Elizabeth Cheney, of New 
 York city, and has two children, Carl and Ida. He has a 
 fine presence, genial qualities, and his benevolent public 
 spirit makes him universally beloved. 
 
 necticut. 
 
 OSES, HALSEY H., Lawyer, was born in Ashta- 
 bula county, July i6th, 1830. His parents were 
 Jonathan and Abigail (Plumley) Moses. They 
 were among the early settlers of the Western 
 Reserve, having anived in Ashtabula county in 
 the spring of 1814 from Litchfield county, Con- 
 It illustrates the recent condition of a country, 
 now among the finest and wealthiest in the whole civilized 
 world, to reflect that this family moved thither to an almost 
 unbroken wilderness only sixty years ago, their whole ef- 
 fects drawn by a single team of oxen. The parents of Mr. 
 Moses settled on a farm of two hundred acres, and he 
 received the advantages of such schools as the country 
 afforded till the age of fourteen, when, his father dying, his 
 future maintenance devolved upon himself. He finished 
 his education at the Austinburg Institute, Ashtabula county, 
 but never completed a regular course, and after the age of 
 eighteen never attended school. For a time lie engaged in 
 carpenter’s work, but having a strong ambition for a profes- 
 sional career, at the age of nineteen he began the study of 
 law with A. L. Linker, of Painesville, Ohio. On reaching 
 his majority he was admitted to the bar, and at once began 
 practice in Ashtabula county, where he remained till Janu- 
 ai7, 1862, when he removed to Warren, Trumbull county, 
 and associated himself professionally with General Rutliff. 
 He has long held a position among the ablest lawyers at the 
 bar, and enjoys an extensive practice. He has an office at 
 
 Youngstown, Mahoning county, where he also has a large 
 professional patronage. He married Mary J. Murdock, 
 of Trumbull county, with whom he has three children, 
 two sons and a daughter. 
 
 CARBOROUGH, WILLIAM W., President of 
 the Cincinnati Gas Light & Coke Company, w.as 
 born in Hartford, Connecticut, on February 20th, 
 1814. His father was a heavy shipping merchant 
 who was financially ruined by the burning of his 
 vessels by the British, in Long Island sound, in 
 the war then pending, and died while his son was an 
 infant. His mother was a sister of President Woolsey, of 
 Yale College. She again married, becoming by the second 
 marriage the mother of Hon. George E. Hoadley, for many 
 years the law partner of Hon. Salmon P. Chase. William 
 received his business education in the famous shipping 
 house of Goodhue & Co., New York, and when of age the 
 firm sent him as supercargo of one of their East India 
 trading vessels. From 1838 until 1843 he resided at 
 Mazatlan, on the west coast of Mexico, heavily engaged in 
 commerce, acting there as the agent of the great house of 
 Howland & Aspinwall, New York. During these years he 
 made six overland trips on horseback across the continent 
 from Vera Cruz to the Pacific. From 1843 to 1846 he was 
 a banker at Zanesville, Ohio, where he married Sarah Van 
 Buren; of their children one is the wife of Rev. Hugh 
 Smythe, D. D., of Cincinnati. From 1846 to the present 
 time Mr. Scarborough has been in business in Cincinnati, 
 first as a member of the house of Springer & Whiteman, 
 then as President of the Ohio Valley Bank during the en- 
 tire period of its existence, and now he is President of the 
 Cincinnati Gas Light & Coke Company. In February, 
 1875, appointed one of the Trustees of the Cincin- 
 
 nati Southern Railroad, a position of no emoluments, but 
 of great responsibilities. 
 
 URNS, B.\RNABAS, was born in Fayette county, 
 Pennsylvania, June 29th, 1817. His parents 
 were Andrew and Sarah (Caldwell) Burns, both 
 natives of Ireland. His education was received 
 in Ohio, where the family had removed in 1820; 
 he was Clerk of the court from 1840 to 1846, 
 and in the latter year entered the law office of T. W. Bart- 
 ley and S. J. Kirkwood, prominent practitioners of Mans- 
 field and both men of ability, .S. J. Kirkwood now being 
 Governor of Iowa, and recently elected to the United States 
 Senate. In 1848 Mr. Burns was admitted to the bar. He 
 had always taken a lively interest in politics, and became 
 as it were a party leader in his section, acting with the 
 Democratic organization. In'1847 he was chosen to repre- 
 
6oo 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 sent the counties of Richland and Crawford in the Senate 
 of the State of Ohio, and in 1849 he was re-elected to the 
 same office for another term. During his membership in 
 this body he served on the following committees : Finance, 
 Privileges and Elections, and as Chairman of Committees 
 on Benevolent Institutions. After the expiration of his 
 senatorial career he became associated in the practice of 
 law with his preceptor, S. J. Kirkwood, and continued his 
 connection with him for four years, until, in fact, Mr. Kirk- 
 wood removed to Iowa. He was Senatorial Elector on the 
 Democratic ticket in 1852. In the spring of 1862 he 
 entered the army as Colonel of the 86th Ohio Infantry, and 
 remained in active service during one campaign, when he 
 was mustered out, at the expiration of his term of service, 
 and returned to the practice of law at Mansfield, where he 
 has since been actively employed. In the spring of 1873 
 he was chosen, without opposition, to represent Richland 
 county in the Constitutional Convention of Ohio. He was 
 the Democratic candidate for Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio 
 in 1873, ^ about 430,000 vras only defeated 
 
 by about 500 votes. He served as one of the Trustees of 
 the Ohio Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Orphans’ Home from 1869 
 to 1874. He was appointed, by the Governor of Ohio, 
 Centennial Commissioner from that State. As a lawyer he 
 stands with the leaders of the profession in the .State. Al- 
 though of late years he has nearly eschewed politics, he is 
 a person of large influence in the handling of political 
 bodies, and as a political speaker is very effective. He was 
 married on September l6lh, 1841 to Urath Gore, of Mary- 
 land. 
 
 YRAIG, JAMES \V., M. D., was born, January 
 17th, 1S24, in Belmont county, Ohio, and is a 
 son of Samuel C. and Jane (Woods) Craig. 
 The paternal branch of the family came from 
 the north of .Scotland, and were among the 
 pioneer settlers of Massachusetts, having emi- 
 grated to America anterior to the revolutionary war. His 
 mother was a native of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania. 
 His preliminary education was obtained at the public 
 schools in his native county, and he subsequently attended 
 a private school, where he enjoyed the advantages of a 
 classical course. Having selected the medical profession 
 as his future sphere of action, he matriculated at the West- 
 ern Reserve College, located at Cleveland, in 1849, and, 
 after the regular prescribed course of study therein, gradu- 
 ated, and was licensed to practise in the spring of 1851. 
 He settled originally at Ontario, Richland county, where he 
 entered upon his professional career, and for a period of 
 twenty years practised successfully and extensively in that 
 town and in the surrounding country. Having devoted 
 himself entirely to his professional duties, he soon acquired 
 the reputation of a careful and skilful practitioner, and 
 enjoyed the confidence of the community. In 1870, being 
 
 desirous of still further extending his already large practice, 
 he removed to Mansfield, where he at once took rank 
 among the leaders of his profession in that city. During 
 the late civil war he passed an examination before the 
 United States Medical Board of Examiners, and was ap- 
 pointed Surgeon for Camp Mansfield, which was a rendez- 
 vous for troops that were being organized for field service. 
 He performed the duties of this position with credit to him- 
 self and also to the entire satisfaction of the government. 
 Though he is engaged in a general medical practice, he is 
 particularly favorable to surgery, and has performed many 
 .and various surgical operations, among which may be men- 
 tioned an uncommon case, that for recto-vesico vaginal 
 fistula. He was married, January 24th, 1854, to Eliza 
 McConnell, of Pennsylvania. 
 
 « YERS, HON. SAMUEL, Fanner, was bom, June 
 nth, 1776, in Philadelphia county, Pennsylvania, 
 where he received a good education. He be- 
 came subsequently a teacher in Virginia. In 
 a 1807 he removed to Fayette county, Ohio, which 
 was then literally a wilderness and populated by 
 Indians, who outnumbered the whites two to one. He be- 
 gan farming, and in the course of time became the owner 
 of about two thousand acres of land ; he also taught school 
 for one term. In 1812 he was elected a member of the 
 lower House in the General Assembly, and served during 
 his term; the c: p'tal was then at Chillicothe. During the 
 following year he was a captain in the militia, and while in 
 service in the war with Great Britain was promoted to the 
 rank of Major. After the close of hostilities he was ad- 
 vanced to the grade of Colonel. He was again elected, in 
 1818, a member of the House of Representatives in the 
 State Legislature, which now met at Columbus, whither the 
 capital had been removed. He was a Justice of the Peace 
 for thirty years. While a teacher in Virginia he was mar- 
 ried to Elizabeth Smith. He died in 1S40, leaving seven 
 children, one of whom is Hon. J. L. Myers, a representa- 
 tive in the Sixty-first Geneiwl Assembly of Ohio. 
 
 ^j^OODWIN, HOMER, I.awyer, was born in Burton, 
 Geauga county, Ohio, October 15th, 1819. He 
 received his education at the Western Reserve 
 College, at Hudson, Ohio, and graduated from 
 that institution in the class of 1S44. After leav- 
 ing college he removed to Sandusky, where he 
 became a teacher in the High School, and was so occupied 
 for a year. In the autumn of 1845 he returned to Burton 
 and commenced the study of law under the supervision 
 of Judge Hitchcock. After pursuing the required course 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 6oi 
 
 of readings, he was admitted to the bar in Januaiy, 1847; 
 and in the following month of June removed to Sandusky, 
 where he has ever since resided, and has established an ex- 
 tensive and lucrative practice ; in fact, having the largest 
 line of patronage accorded to any member of the bar in 
 Erie county, and is to-day the leading lawyer in Sandusky. 
 He was originally a Whig in political sentiments, and then 
 acted with the Free-Soil parly ; at present he is affiliated 
 with the Republicans. He _was married, October 29th, 
 1849, Maryett Cowles, of Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 LOSS, GEORGE MANOR DAVIS, Editor and 
 Politician, was born. May 2d, 1827, in Derby, 
 Orleans county, Vermont. His father was a 
 custom house officer in that State, and was in 
 the government employ during the war of 1812. 
 His grandfather Bloss was born about the mid- 
 dle of the eighteenth century, in New Hampshire, and was 
 a soldier in the Revolution. His mother was a Davis, and 
 from her he has the name. Manor Davis. His family, on 
 both sides, run back among the earliest New England 
 settlers. In 1830 his father, with his family, removed to 
 Watertown, Jefferson county, New York ; remained there 
 until 1838, and afterwards removed to Oswego City. George 
 attended school at the academy at Belleville, Jefferson 
 county. New York, where one of his instructors was Hiram 
 H. Barney, father of R. D. Barney, of Robert Clarke & Co., 
 of Cincinnati. Mr. Barney was years afterwards Principal 
 of Hughes’ High School, of Cincinnati, and at one time 
 Ohio State School Commissioner. In the winter of 1846, 
 having completed a fair academical education, Mr. Bloss 
 began the study of law in the office of Grant & Allen, in 
 the city of New York. Allen is now one of the judges of 
 New York Court of Appeals. In 1850 Mr. Bloss was ex- 
 imined before the Supreme Court at Syracuse, and admitted 
 to practise. At once he opened an office in the building 
 occupied by the ralladiu 7 n. Democratic daily paper. 
 Always a strong Democrat, and taking a deep interest in 
 politics, he wrote many articles for the Pallndit^m, fre- 
 quently editing it in the absence of its editor. In 1852 he 
 removed to Cincinnati, with the intention of practising his 
 profession, but in order to make friends and at once put 
 himself on good terms with the people, he brought letters 
 of introduction to Messrs. Faran & Robinson, then pro- 
 prietors of the Cincinnati Enqtiirer. This at once brought 
 about an engagement to write for that paper. And this en- 
 gagement, designed to be temporary, so agreed with his 
 natural inclinations, that it has ever since remained un- 
 broken. He is now the oldest political editor connected 
 with the Western press, being a few months the senior of 
 Mr. Halstead. In 1854 he was married to Lizzie McCor- 
 mick, granddaughter of General McCormick, who was the 
 first person that administered the ordinances of the Mctho- 
 
 76 
 
 dist Church north of the Ohio river. He has four children, 
 and resides at Branch Hill, twenty miles from Cincinnati, 
 on the Little Miami Railroad. In Columbus, January 8lh, 
 1S68, at the Democratic Stale Convention, the platform 
 which nominated Mr. I’enclleton for President of the United 
 States was mainly written by Mr. Bloss, and afterwards, at 
 the solicitation of the friends of Mr. Pendleton, he wrote 
 that statesman’s campaign biography. In 1872 he was a 
 member of the Committee on Resolutions at the Democratic 
 Slate Convention in Cleveland, which instructed the dele- 
 gates to the Baltimore Convention to vote for Greeley and 
 Brown, the Liberal Republican c.andidates. He was made 
 chairman of the committee, and reported the platform to 
 the convention. In 1874 his friends brought his name 
 before the convention at Morrow, as Democratic candidate 
 for Congress in the Third Congressional District. The 
 nomination was not made until the fifty-seventh ballot. He 
 was one of the highest candidates and came within a few 
 votes of securing the nomination. Saving this instance, he 
 has never been a candidate for public office. Robert Clarke 
 & Co., of Cincinnati, in 1875 issued a valuable collection of 
 Mr. Bloss’s literary productions, entitled “ Historic and 
 Literary Miscellany.” This work is composed of what he 
 deems his best and most unobjectionable articles, which 
 have, from time to time, appeared in the Cincinnati En- 
 quirer, since his connection with it began, twenty-five years 
 ago. He is a fine biographer, a fluent and forcible writer, 
 and never has had an equal as a political writer in the 
 editorial department of the Enquirer. In fact, he has long 
 been the political ballast, so to speak, of that paper. No 
 man connected with the press ol the State has done more 
 for his party or manufactured more of its shot and shell. 
 Born in New England, and reared under Puritan influences, 
 transplanted to the West, he has become one of the extreme 
 types of Democratic latitudinarianism. He has a remark- 
 able memory, and as a political historian of both Europe 
 and America, he has few or no equals in the country. He 
 is a man of deep social attachments, and has personally 
 many earnest friends, and no enemies. 
 
 p> 
 
 ["LENDENIN, WILLIAM, M. D., jorn in 
 Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, October 1st, 
 1829. His ])arents were of Scotch origin, and 
 his father was a farmer. He was very early left 
 in the care of his mother, by the death of his 
 father. To her character and example he attrib- 
 utes any success or usefulness of his life. At the age of 
 fifteen he was put in the drug store of Dr. John Gammil,at 
 New Castle, Pennsylvania. In the doctor’s family he lived, 
 and with him studied. After four years in the store he 
 became a regular medical student under the doctor. In 
 1849 ''e attended his first course of lectures in the Ohio 
 .Medical College, and in the s|iring of 1851, at the end of 
 
602 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 his second course of lectures, he graduated. After receiv- 
 ing his diploma, he spent two or three years in teaching in 
 Indiana. In 1853 he returned to Cincinnati, where he 
 commenced the practice of his profession in connection with 
 Dr. R. D. Mussey, and after his death, with his son. Dr. 
 William Mussey. This connection lasted five years. In 
 1856 Dr. Clendenin was appointed Demonstrator of Anat- 
 omy in the Miami Medical College. This position he held 
 one year. When, in 1857, the Miami and Ohio Colleges 
 were consolidated, he still held his position, until in the 
 spring of 1859 he resigned in order to make a trip to 
 Europe, for the purpose of furthering his medical knowl- 
 edge. This he did in a most thorough manner, by taking 
 private lessons in anatomy and surgery, and by attending 
 the lectures of Velpeau, Trousseau, Malgaigne, and other 
 eminent men of the Royal Medical College of Paris, 
 having previously studied the French language with this 
 view. lie also attended the lectures of Sir Thomas Watson, 
 Erasmus Wilson, Sir William Furgeson, and others of 
 the Royal College of Surgeons, of London. After spending 
 eighteen months in this way, he returned to Cincinnati ; 
 immediately went to Washington, was examined by the 
 Medical Board, and appointed Surgeon in the army. At 
 Camp Dennison, Ohio, under General Mitchell, he had his 
 first army experience; afterwards he was sent to West Vir- 
 ginia, under General Rosecrans, and there served in Gen- 
 eral Fremont’s and Sigel’s commands. After the second 
 battle of Bull Run, in which he participated, he took charge 
 of Emery General Hospital, in Washington. Later he 
 served under General Rosecrans at Murfreesboro’, Tennes- 
 see. He became Medical Director of the 14th Army Corps 
 under General Thomas, and after the battle of Chicka- 
 mauga. Assistant Medical Director of the Department of 
 the Cumberland, with charge of all the hospitals and trans- 
 fer of sick. Subsequently he was appointed Medical In- 
 spector of Hospitals, and held the position till July, 1865. 
 At this time he was called to Washington, and received 
 from Mr. Johnson the appointment of Consul to St. Peters- 
 burg. But having just been chosen Professor of Surgery 
 and Surgical Anatomy in the Ohio Medical College, and 
 other private matters interfering, he was compelled to 
 decline. Having finally returned to Cincinnati in 1865, he 
 was appointed Health Officer, a new office created by the 
 city government in anticipation of the advent of cholera. 
 He was, consequently, Cincinnati’s first health officer. 
 After taking charge of the sanitary affairs of the city, as 
 Officer to the Board of Health, he communicated with 
 Eastern cities in reference to their health regulations. 
 Afterwards he drafted a sanitary bill and presented it to the 
 Legislature. This bill, with features peculiarly adapted to 
 Cincinnati, was finally passed in March, 1867. The winter 
 before the Legislature refused to pass the bill ; but one year 
 of cholera materially changed their views, and it was ulti- 
 mately made a law without opposition. This did away 
 with the Council Ordinance, and made a permanent health 
 
 organization for the city, and the basis of all the present 
 sanitaiy regulations of the State. To Dr. Clendenin is 
 therefore due the credit of the present sanitary system of 
 Cincinnati. He is, too, the author of the health laws of 
 the State, now in force by act of the Legislature. He was 
 one of the originators of the American Health Association. 
 After the war he was appointed one of the Cincinnati Hos- 
 pital Surgeons. This position he held three years, then re- 
 signed for want of time to attend to such duties. He still 
 occupies the chair in the Miami College, to which he was 
 elected in 1865. He is a member of the Academy of 
 Medicine, Cincinnati Medical Society, State Medical 
 Society, American Medical Association, American Health 
 Association, and Society of Natural History. Dr. Clen- 
 denin is a Christian. He has devoted his spare moments, 
 somewhat, to literary pursuits ; has written some poetry and 
 contributed largely to various magazines. He is a success- 
 ful and attractive medical lecturer, and, in short, a man who 
 will leave society better by his living. On January ist, 
 1866, he was married to Sabra Birchard, of Cambridge, 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 cKENNY, HON. JOHN C., Attorney-at-Law, 
 Dayton, Ohio, and ex-Judge of the Probate and 
 Common Pleas Courts, was born in Rockbridge 
 county, Virginia, May 5th, 1835. His par- 
 ents were William and Elizabeth (Kirkpatrick) 
 McKenny. He is, as the etymology of the name 
 would indicate, of mixed Irish and Scotch descent, though 
 both families have resided in Virginia for several genera- 
 tions. The parents of Judge McKenny followed the occu- 
 pation of farming, and he enjoyed some meagre advantages 
 of schooling at a private institution in his native county, 
 but leaving home at the age of twenty to seek his own for- 
 tune, he made his way to Darke county, Ohio, and there 
 procured for himself a substantial education in the public 
 schools of his adopted State. In 1857 he began the study 
 of law, and was admitted to the bar in February, 1861. He 
 at once began practice at Greenville, and having previously 
 become well known to the people during the political cam- 
 paigns, he soon acquired a large professional business. In 
 1866, in connection with George D. Kinder, he purchased 
 and edited the Darke County Democrat, till 1868. The 
 same year he was also elected Probate Judge for Darke 
 county, and served till May, 1868, when he resigned to take 
 his seat upon the Common Pleas bench, to which he had 
 been elected. This position he occupied till October, 1872, 
 when he resigned, and, removing to Dayton, associated 
 himself with G. V. Nauerth in the practice of his profession. 
 To say that Judge McKenny is a self-made man is only to 
 repeat a trite expression, which is very indiscriminately 
 lavished on enterprising Americans, but with him it is more 
 of a stern reality than a complimentary figure of speech. 
 Aniving in Darke county with only two dollars and a half 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 603 
 
 in his pocket, he supported himself by manual labor while 
 getting his education and studying law, and has achieved 
 his very honorable position at the bar of Ohio under no 
 more fortuitous circumstances than the possession of native 
 intelligence and energy of character. He has always taken 
 a lively interest in politics, and even before he was admitted 
 * to the bar had acquired a reputation as a stump speaker. 
 He has repeatedly been Chairman of the Darke and Mont- 
 gomery County Democratic Committees. In i86i he mar- 
 ried Maiy Ann Wylie, of Darke county. 
 
 ^ (o/fOHNSON, WILLIAM PARKER, M. D., Director 
 of the Philadelphia Branch of the National Surgi- 
 cal Institute, was born in Athens county, Ohio, on 
 September 21st, 1824. His parents were John 
 and Sallie (Wyatt) Johnson, both natives of Penn- 
 sylvania ; the former settled in Ohio in 1802. 
 William I’arker attended the common schools of Athens 
 county, and in 1837 entered the Ohio University, from 
 which he graduated in 1843. O'l leaving college he took 
 up the study of medicine with Dr. William Blackstone, a 
 native of Virginia, and a resident of Athens county. With 
 him he read the text books and learned something of the 
 practice of his chosen profession. Having thus qualified 
 himself, he entered the medical department of the Univer- 
 sity of Louisville, from which he graduated in the spring 
 of 1847. Immediately after graduation, having married 
 Julia M. Blackstone, his preceptor’s daughter, he began the 
 practice of medicine, settling in Nelsonville, in his native 
 county. There he remained for three years, enjoying the 
 confidence and esteem of a growing connection. He then 
 removed to Athens, and became associated in practice with 
 his preceptor and father-in-law, and that continued to be 
 his home until 1869. When the war broke out in 1861, 
 desirous of doing all in his power to sustain the cause of 
 liberty and the Union, he entered the army as Surgeon, 
 attached to the i8th Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 
 and served until mustered out, a period of over three years. 
 He was attached to the Army of the Cumberland, and was 
 present at all the battles fought by that command, manifest- 
 ing at all times and under the most trying circumstances 
 bravery, coolness, and great surgical ability. Before leav- 
 ing the army, in the fall of 1863, he was elected a member 
 of the Ohio Legislature, as representative from Athens 
 county. His election occurred while he was at Chatta- 
 nooga, both the nomination and election happening without 
 his knowledge. During the first session of his term he 
 served by leave of absence from the army. So well pleased 
 were his constituents with his efforts on their behalf and for 
 the general good of the Commonwealth, that at the expira- 
 tion of his term he was re-elected, and again returned when 
 the second term was concluded, the nomination on each 
 occasion being unopposed save by himself. He thus served 
 
 for a period of six years. During this time he took a promi- 
 nent part in legislation and was especially identified, as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Benevolent Institutions, 
 with several important measures. Thus, he was the author 
 of the bill for building the Lunatic Asylum at Athens, and 
 also those for enlarging the Northern and Southern Asylums. 
 He was very active in promoting the success of the measure 
 for establishing the Idiotic Asylum at Columbus, and it is 
 conceded by the trustees that its passage is due to him. At 
 the close of his term in 1869, Dr. Johnson moved to 
 Indianapolis, and resumed the practice of his profession, 
 entering into partnership with Dr. H. R. Allen, in the 
 direction of the National Surgical Institute. This institu- 
 tion was originally founded in 1858, for the treatment of all 
 diseases requiring the surgeon’s care, but especially of de- 
 formities, great attention being devoted to the treatment of 
 paralysis. So admfrable and successful has been its man- 
 agement, that the directors have been encouraged to open 
 branches in various cities. In February, 1864, the Atlanta 
 establishment was opened; in the November following, that 
 in San Francisco, and in February, 1876, that in Philadel- 
 phia. Of the last Dr. Johnson has especial charge. The 
 building devoted to the purposes of the institute in Phila- 
 delphia is situate at the northeast corner of Broad and 
 Arch streets, having a fine frontage to each thoroughfare. 
 The first floor is occupied for reception rooms, consultation 
 offices, and the secretary’s office. On the second are the 
 treatment and bathing-rooms. One of the former is one 
 hundred feet long by twenty wide, and contains upwards 
 of fifty mechanical contrivances of the most ingenious and 
 efficient character, for the treatment of paralysis and de- 
 formities. The bathing- rooms are admirably arranged, in- 
 cluding a Turkish or hot-air bath, so devised as to save 
 feeble patients from inhaling the hot air while extending all 
 its benefits to their bodies. The special feature of the in- 
 stitute is that the surgeons possess a practical knowledge of 
 mechanics so far as they relate to surgery ; that they design 
 the necessary apparatus in each case and apply it, saving 
 the patient all risk at the hands of mechanics who are 
 merely mechanics, as most surgical aiqfliance manufacturers 
 are. All the surgical appliances used in the institute are 
 made therein; most are peculiar to it and upon these patents 
 are held. An idea of the experience gained by Drs. Allen 
 and Johnson may be inferred from the fact that in the four 
 establishments an average of over four thousand cases are 
 treated annually; at present writing (April, 1876) more 
 than that number are under treatment. And this notwith- 
 standing the fair and honorable policy pursued of at once 
 informing all applicants for relief whether anything can l)c 
 done for them or not. A patient is not received unless 
 there is a good prospect that an improvement can be wrought. 
 Dr. Johnson is assisted in the Philadelphia branch by two 
 experienced surgeons, Drs. Miller and McLean. Politi- 
 cally Dr. Johnson was originally a Whig, but as that 
 organization gave place to the Republican, he naturally 
 
6o4 
 
 BIOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 found himself in the ranks of the new party, of which 
 he has continued to he a consistent adherent. Ilis first 
 presidential vote was cast for Zachary Taylor. Apart from 
 his legislative career he has not moved in public affairs, pre- 
 ferring to devote himself to a profession in which mankind 
 may be so largely benefited. In 1864 he was appointed 
 Trustee of the Ohio University, a position he still holds, but 
 this is the only office he has occupied. He is a member of 
 the Presbyterian Church. Ilis wife died four years ago, 
 leaving him two children. 
 
 taken but very few vacations ; he, however, revisited his old 
 home in Massachusetts in 1S54. lie, with his excellent 
 wife, are very highly esteemed in Findley. lie was married 
 in 1S37 to Clara II., daughter of Dr. Secretary Rawson, 
 formerly of Richfield, Ohio, but now of Des Moin,cs, Iowa, 
 where he yet resides, at the advanced age of eighty years. 
 He is the sixth generation in direct descent from Edward 
 Rawson, Secretary of Massachusetts colony, from 1650 to 
 1606. 
 
 IRMIN, LORENZO, M. D., Physician, was born, 
 March 31st, 1S08, in South Wilbraham, Massa- 
 chusetts, and is the son of John Firmin. His 
 parents were both natives of Massachusetts, and 
 lived and died in Wilbraham. Lorenzo resided 
 with his parents on the farm until he was twenty 
 years of age. He received only a common school educa- 
 tion. Soon after he was twenty he went to Springfield, and 
 commenced work at the shoemaker’s trade. He remained 
 there about a year, and proceeded thence to Munson, where 
 he sojourned three years, and then removed to Ellington, 
 Connecticut, where he engaged in the boot and shoe busi- 
 ness, with Stephen Martin. After leaving this last-named 
 place he passed some time at home. He next proceeded 
 to Hartford, and worked at his trade for a year, and then 
 travelled into New York State, stopping at Utica, Rochester 
 and Whitesborough, being employed at journey-work while 
 at each place. After an absence of over two years from 
 home, he returned on a visit to Massachusetts. In the au- 
 tumn of 1834 he went to Ohio, and stopped at Richfield, in 
 Summit county, where he made the acquaintance of Dr. 
 Secretary Rawson, who aided him in starting a tannery at 
 that town, which he successfully followed for the succeeding 
 seven years, and during that period acquired considerable 
 property, including a farm. In 1841 he resolved to relin- 
 quish the tanning business, and dispose of his interests in 
 the tannery, which he did, and removed to Findley, Ohio, 
 where he immediately commenced the study of medicine 
 with Dr. Bass Rawson, his wife’s uncle ( rnd whose bio- 
 graphical sketch appears elsewhere in this volume), con- 
 tinuing with him some three years. In 1844 he attended a 
 course of lectures in the Cleveland Medical College. He 
 first commenced the practice of his profession in Benton, 
 Hancock county, where he remained about one year. In 
 1847 he removed to Findley, and settled there perma- 
 nently as a practising physician. During the first season 
 after his loc.ation in that town, he entered upon a very active 
 practice, as it was unusually sickly in the county during that 
 year; and he has ever since been engaged in an extensive 
 line of professional duty. He has been very successful in 
 his career, and has acquired a fine property. He occupies 
 a handsome residence, which he erected in i860. He has 
 
 ;^APLE.S, ROBERT COLE, M. D., Bhysician, was 
 born, July 31st, 1S15, in New Philadelphia, Tus- 
 carawas county, Ohio, and is a son of Robert 
 Francis Caples, an early settler of Ohio, and one 
 of the Associate Justices of Tuscarawas county. 
 He was in the war of 1812, holding a Captain’s 
 commission, and was afterwards a merchant, for some years, 
 in Jeromeville, Wayne county, Ohio, and finally removed to 
 Seneca county, where he laid out the town of Risdon, and 
 died in 1S34. Dr. Caples was one of nine children, and 
 lived at home at Jeromeville until he was twenty years 
 old. He had meanwhile received a common school educa- 
 tion, and had also p.assed between two and three years in a 
 store in Ashland, Ohio. In 1835 he left the last-named 
 place and went to Tiffin, where he obtained a position in the 
 store of R. W. Shawhan, a leading merchant there (and 
 whose biographical sketch will be found elsewhere in this 
 volume). He continued in that store about two years, when 
 he took a stock of goods to the town of Risdon, and opened 
 a store there in connection with his employer. This store 
 was carried on by him for two years, when they disposed of 
 it in 1839. He then concluded to study medicine, and 
 commenced his readings under the supervision of Dr. Dana, 
 of Risdon, where he continued until he entered a medical 
 college in New York, where he pursued his studies, and 
 graduated in 1843. On his return to Ohio, he immediately 
 commenced the practice of his profession in Risdon, which 
 afterwards, 1S52, became united with the village of Rome, 
 and is now the well-known town of Fostoria. He soon 
 established an extensive and lucrative practice, and con- 
 tinued in it alone, until he associated with him his first 
 student. Dr. R. \V. Hale, who had commenced the reading 
 of medicine with him in 1S52, graduating in 1856 at the 
 medical college in Washington city, and who is still his 
 partner, and one of the foremost members of the profession 
 in northern Ohio. Dr. Caples has confined himself strictly 
 to the practice of medicine and surgery since he first opened 
 his office, nearly the third of a century ago, and has been 
 very successful and is widely known as an able practitioner. 
 He has had several students under his preceptorship besides 
 his associate. Dr. Hale. He is an earnest Republican in 
 sentiment, but takes little part in politics. He has, how- 
 ever, been much interested in all matters of local interest, 
 especially in the public schools, and has been for tlio past 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 605 
 
 fifteen years a member of the Board of luUication, and for 
 the greater part of this period President of the same. He 
 was married at Risdon, Ohio, in November, 1S38, to Ann, 
 daugliter of the late Adam Wilson, of Geneva, New York; 
 she died in June, 1868, leaving a daughter, another child 
 having died in infancy. Her daughter, Emma, was mar- 
 ried, October, 1871, to Dr. George L. Hoege, of Toledo, 
 where they resided a few months, and then returned to 
 F'ostoria, where she died in June, 1873, aged twenty-one 
 yeare. Dr. Caples was again married, April 3d, 1871, in 
 Fostoria, to Mary E. Barber, and has one child by this union. 
 
 UNGER, COLONEL WILLIAM, Editor, Lawyer 
 and Soldier, was born. May 12th, 1821, in the 
 city of Baltimore, Maryland, and is of Irish 
 lineage, his parents having left that country two 
 years before his birth. In 1822 his father re- 
 moved to Philadelphia, w'here he remained until 
 William was nine years old, when he went to Ohio with his 
 family and settled in Carroll county. William was taught 
 the rudiments of learning by his mother, who was a woman 
 of remarkable mental qualities and good education. Being 
 a Presbyterian she required him to commit to memory the 
 Westminster Catechism, and to read daily two chapters in 
 the Bible. On his arrival in Ohio he was put to work on a 
 farm, but continued to pass his leisure moments in study. 
 From the time he was fourteen until he reached the age of 
 nineteen years, he went to school but fifty-five days in all ; 
 but by diligent night study at home, he made excellent at- 
 tainments in English grammar, mathematics, and the physi- 
 cal sciences; and he acquired a good knowledge of Greek, 
 besides mastering Latin, and also of the French and Spanish 
 languages, before he attained his majority, by the aid of in- 
 struction received from Professor John McCormick, a 
 teacher in Carrollton. He taught school for one season in 
 Carroll county, and also in Hancock county for some years 
 during the wdnter season, working on a farm in the summer, 
 near Findley, Ohio, whither he had removed with his father 
 in 1842. In the autumn of 1844 he was appointed Deputy 
 Treasurer of Hancock county, and in February, 1845, he 
 commenced editing and publishing, in F'indley, the 
 Hancock Farmer, a weekly Democratic paper. Six months 
 subsequently he purchased the rival newspaper in that place 
 and united the. two under the name of the Democratic 
 Courier, which journal he continued to edit for ten years. 
 In the autumn of 1846 he was elected Auditor of Hancock 
 county, and was re-elected in 1848. In 1850 he took an 
 active part, both on the stump and with his pen, in advocat- 
 ing the adoption of the new Constitution, which was subse- 
 quently carried by a popular vote. In 1851 he was elected 
 to the State Senate from the district of which Hancock 
 county formed a part, but declined a renomination in 1853. 
 In the meantime he had studied law, was admitted to the 
 
 bar, and commenced practice in 1853. In 1858 he was 
 nominated by the Democracy of the Filth District as a can- 
 didate for Congress, but his opponent, Hon. J. M. Ashley, 
 was elected, notwithstanding that he ran several hundred 
 votes ahead of his party ticket. He continued in the prac- 
 tice of his profession until l86l. When the civil war broke 
 out he assisted in raising the 21st Regiment Ohio Volunteer 
 Infantry in April, but on account of cases pending in court, 
 was prevented from going when the first call for troops was 
 made. He soon afterwards enlisted men to form a battery 
 of light artillery, but for lack of arms the company was dis- 
 banded. He then received authority from Governor Den- 
 nison to raise a regiment of infantry. In about six weeks 
 the regiment was full, and was organized as the 57lh Ohio, 
 of which he was placed in command as Colonel. This 
 regiment was assigned to duty under General W. T. Sher- 
 man in the West, and participated in all the important bat- 
 tles of the Southwest, including .Shiloh (or Pittsburgh 
 Landing), Corinth, Chickasaw, Vicksburg, Raymond, 
 Champion Hills, and Arkansas Post. At the latter- 
 place, Colonel Munger led the 4th Brigade, ist Division, 
 15th Army Corps, in the charge against the enemy’s works. 
 His health becoming impaired, he was compelled to resign 
 from the service at Vicksburg, but his regiment went through 
 with- .Sherman in his famous “ march to the sea.” After re- 
 cruiting his health for a year, he resumed the pi-actice of 
 law in Findley. In 1866 he was the Democratic candidate 
 for Congress, and was elected by a majority of 2778 votes. 
 He served on the Committee on Indian Affairs, and on the 
 Special Committee on the Niagara .Ship Canal, and on the 
 Treatment of Union Prisoners. He was re-elected to the 
 Forty-first Congress by a majority of 4846, and was placed 
 on the Committees on Indian Affair's and on Printing. He 
 continues the practice of his profession in F'indley, where he 
 resides; and is a frequent contributor to the press, occa- 
 sionally of poetical ar ticles. He was married, March loth, 
 1844, to Marietta Bowman, of Huntingdon county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and has had eight chrldren, of whom six arc now 
 living — Theodore, his eldest son, is a lawyer in Washingtoit 
 city; Ellen, wife of O. S. Langarn, of Bluffton, Ohio; Mai'- 
 garet, wife of E. J. Totten, of Findley, Ohio; Clara, wife 
 of J. DeWolf, publisher of the Review, Fostoria; arrd two 
 younger daughters, Jennie and Effie, who are still living at 
 home. 
 
 UCHWALTFIR, M. L., Lawyer, was born on Sep- 
 tember 8th, 1846, at Hallsville, Ross courrty, 
 Ohio. His father was a Penrtsylvania German, 
 while his mother came of Germatr, Flnglish arrd 
 Welsh descent. F'arming was followed by his 
 father, who enjoyed good cir-cirnrstances. Both 
 his parents early manifested an interest in the anti-slavery 
 movement. The subject of this sketch spent his early years 
 
6 o6 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 as a farmer’s boy. In his eighteenth year he entered college 
 at Delaware, Ohio, which he afterwards left for Cornell 
 University, Ithaca, New York. From the latter institution 
 he graduated as Master of Arts in the spring of 1869. lie 
 studied law in Cincinnati with Judge Bellamy Storer, and 
 graduated from the Cincinnati Law School in 1870. There- 
 upon he immediately began the practice of his profession in 
 Cincinnati, and has continued it successfully up to the 
 j resent under the firm-name of Buchwalter ci Campbell. 
 He has never been a candidate for any oflicial position. At 
 jiresent he is a member of the Board of Trustees of the 
 Cincinnati University, serving on the committees of law and 
 finance. He was married. May 14th, 1873, to Louise, 
 daughter of John Zimmerman, of Wooster, Ohio. 
 
 3 ) 
 
 - - VoATES, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, Collector of 
 
 Internal Revenue for the Eleventh District of 
 Ohio, was born in Clinton county, Ohio, June 
 23d, 1827, of Quaker parents, his father, Aquila 
 Coates, being a native of Chester county, Penn- 
 sylvania, and descended from a family that 
 settled in that .State with William Penn. His mother, Ra- 
 chel Pidgeon Coates, was a native of Lynchburg, Virginia. 
 He received his early education in the common schools of 
 his native county, and at the age of twenty began the study 
 of medicine in the office of Dr. Aquilla Jones, in Wilming- 
 ton, Ohio, and subsequently graduated in Jefferson Medical 
 College, Philadelphia. He first located for the practice of 
 his profession at Mowrystown, Highland county, Ohio, in 
 1850, where he remained until 1853, when he removed to 
 West Union, the county-seat of Adams county, Ohio. Here 
 he continued the practice of his profession industriously and 
 successfully for nine years, being part of the time in part- 
 nership with Dr. D.rvid Coleman, a prominent physician of 
 that place. In 1857 he married Elizabeth J. Patterson, 
 daughter of the late Hon. John Patterson, of Adams county, 
 Ohio. In 1861 he was elected to the Ohio Senate, from the 
 district composed of Adams, .Scioto, Jackson and Pike 
 counties, which office he held one term. In 1S62, at the 
 solicitation of Governor Tod, he assisted in recruiting and 
 organizing the 91st Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infanti-y for 
 the Union army, and being commissioned its Lieutenant- 
 Colonel, accompanied the regiment to the field, and serrmd 
 with it to the close of the war, and was mustered out of the 
 service with his regiment June 30th, 1865. In the battle 
 of Lynchburg, Virginia, on June 17th, 1864, Colonel John 
 A. Turley being wounded, he took command of the regi- 
 ment. 0.1 December 9th, 1864, he was commissioned 
 Colonel, and on the 13th of March, 1865, was brevetted a 
 Brigadier-General. In the battle of Winchester, Virginia, 
 September 19th, 1864, betook command of the 2d Brigade 
 of General R. B. Hayes’ Division, Army of West Virginia, 
 commanded by General George Crook, and continued in 
 
 command of this brigade under General Sheridan during his 
 campaign in the Shenandoah valley, participating in all the 
 brilliant and hard-fought battles of that ever memorable and 
 victorious campaign, ending with the battle of Cedar Creek, 
 Virginia. On being mustered out of the service. General 
 Coates located in Portsmouth, Ohio,-and engaged in the 
 wholesale drug business, in which he continued until ap- 
 pointed United States Collector of Internal Revenue for the 
 Eleventh Collection District of Ohio, October ist, 1866, 
 which position he still continues to hold, now being in 
 charge of the consolidated Eleventh and Twelfth Districts, 
 by appointment of President Grant. He was one of the 
 original projectors and organizers of the Ohio State Soldiers’ 
 and .Sailors’ Orphans’ Home, at Xenia, Ohio, and was ap- 
 pointed by Governor Hayes one of its first Board of Trus- 
 tees. He is one of the Directors of the Kinney National 
 Bank of Portsmouth, and a Director and Treasurer of the 
 Portsmouth Street Railroad Company. He is a hospitable, 
 courteous and universally respected gentleman, and an 
 honest, efficient and faithful public officer. 
 
 ORSE, DAVID APPLETON, M. D., Physician, 
 Surgeon, and Professor of Nervous Disorders and 
 Insanity in Starling Medical College, Columbus, 
 Ohio, was born, December I2lh, 1840, at Ells- 
 worth, Ohio, of New England parentage. He 
 received a classical education, and while a student 
 his tastes were manifest in a preference for languages, meta- 
 physics, and kindred studies, which doubtless, to a great ex- 
 tent, has determined his subsequent course in life and been 
 the foundation of his success in teaching those branches, in 
 which he is recognized as high authority. Possessed of a 
 good memory, with keen perceptions and well-developed 
 intuitive faculties, he has been saved much labor that with 
 many others render great exertion necessary to acquire 
 knowledge. When but seven years old he recited each 
 Sunday, for five months, at Sunday-school, one hundred 
 verses from the New Testament, and received a prize com- 
 peted for by many much older in years. At this time he 
 was a pupil of the academy at Ellsworth, then taught by 
 Rev. Mr. Norton. He was placed in a class of the oldest 
 and most advanced pupils, some of^whom, during the follow- 
 ing year, began the study of law or medicine, while others 
 entered the ministry. He wms selected to give the opening 
 address at the exhibition at the close of the term, which posi- 
 tion, from his size and age, made him conspicuous. Prom 
 this time until he was sixteen years old he was occupied in 
 study, with the exception of a portion of the years 1853-54, 
 when he assisted in a dry-goods store, in which his father 
 was a member of the firm. When he had attained the age 
 of fourteen, his father died. During the subsequent fourpr 
 five years, in connection with a younger brother, he had the 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPHailA. 
 
 C07 
 
 supervision of the farm on which they were born. Ilis 
 younger brother having a taste for such pursuits, to a great 
 e.^tent took the lead, while he longed for the time when he 
 should be able to enter the profession he had chosen. In 
 .September, 1857, he commenced the study of medicine with 
 Dr. G. \V. Brooke, a c.areful, able and successful practi- 
 tioner. To him Dr. Morse has always attributed much of 
 his professional success, to the habits and advice his precep- 
 tor inculcated, and only regrets he did not adopt all the 
 former’s counsels. He subsequently attended the lectures 
 ■ delivered in the Western Reserve Medical College, at 
 Cleveland, and after passing a most excellent examination 
 before the faculty, graduated from that institution in the 
 class of 1862. Pie commenced the practice of his profes- 
 sion at Edinburgh, Ohio, where he remained one year. In 
 March, 1863, he entered the army as Assistant Surgeon of 
 the 124th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served with that 
 command in the campaign under General Rosecrans. In 
 September of the s.ame year he was sent to Madison, United 
 States Army General Hospital, where he remained until 
 May, 1864, when he w.as commissioned Surgeon of the 
 l62d Ohio Regiment, then doing guard duty over prisoners 
 of war at Camp Chase. He was, however, by order of the 
 Secretary of War, immediately detached and sent to' 
 Georgia, with orders to report to General Sherman in 
 person for assignment to duty. He served through this 
 campaign with the operating staff and in field hospitals. 
 During the following winter he served three months at 
 Camp Chase, and in Januaiy, 1865, was sent to Louisville, 
 Kentucky. While on duty at Camp Chase he presented 
 himself before the United States Army Medical Examining 
 Board, then in session at Cincinnati, and after an examina- 
 tion of several days’ duration, passed successfully; and in 
 March, 1865, received a commission from the War Depart- 
 ment, with orders to report for duty on the frontier, where 
 he remained some months, but becoming tired of the monoto- 
 nous life, resigned the service. During this same year 
 leave of absence had been granted him by Major-General 
 Reynolds, on order from the War Department, for faithful 
 services rendered in all branches of his line of duty. In 
 October, 1865, he resumed his private practice, and since 
 that time has been occupied as a close student in fully pre- 
 paring himself in those special branches of medicine more 
 especially pertaining to his chair in the colleges wherein he 
 
 h.as lectured. He also has devoted his leisure hours to a 
 
 % 
 
 full course of legal studies, for which he received certificates 
 that he had been so engaged; and he is thoroughly versed 
 in medical jurisprudence. While preferring nervous dis- 
 orders, insanity, and pathology, as special studies, he is 
 well known to be thoroughly informed as to all that per- 
 tains to his profession, as is evidenced by the numerous pub- 
 lished essays, lectures, and society addresses, upon a great 
 variety of topics. He has been an extensive contributor to 
 journals, magazines and newspapers, and upon subjects out- 
 side of his [irofession. Many of lhc.se articles have been re- 
 
 printed in foreign journals, and some have found a more 
 permanent resting-place in abstracts and compendiums, 
 where the more valuable articles are gathered. Arrange- 
 ments have been made with him to edit a department of the 
 Cincinnati Lancet and Observer, devoted to nervous dis- 
 orders, insanity and medical jurisprudence, which duty he 
 assumes with the May number, 1876. He has in prepara- 
 tion a volume upon insanity, and also a work on medical 
 jurisprudence. Aside from his regular Professorship in 
 Starling Medical College, he will lecture upon the same 
 subjects elsewhere. For one yet young in years, he has al- 
 ready had advantages and a variety of experience not often 
 given to the life of one man. Within the past few months 
 he has been consulted by eminent counsel in important cases 
 involving questions of insanity and medical jurisprudence in 
 several States. Among these may be cited the celebrated 
 case of the “ boy murderer,” Jesse Pomeroy, of Boston, 
 Massachusetts, wherein the evidence was submitted to him, 
 and he was requested to write up the case from a medico- 
 legal standpoint. His opinion is, that the boy is irresponsi- 
 ble, and is liable at any time to perpetrate a similar offence. 
 He was also called upon by the State, as an expert, to ex- 
 amine the “ Blackburn case,” where insanity was the turning 
 point. The fact that these and other cases of a similar na- 
 ture ‘have been submitted to him at a period of life when the 
 majority of men feel that they have but just entered upon 
 their profession, is an earnest that the future should unfold 
 for him an enviable reputation. He is a Republican in 
 political creed, having polled his first vote in favor of its 
 principles and nominees, and has so continued ever since. 
 He connected himself, when twelve years old, with the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, at Ellsworth, and continued a 
 member of that denomination until the winter of i860, 
 when he united with the Seventh Presbyterian Church of 
 Cincinnati, and has remained a Presbyterian to the present. 
 He has been twice married. His first wife was Maria C., 
 daughter of Rev. E. Cooper, D. I)., to whom he was united, 
 June 17th, 1862. .She died, July loth, 1867, leaving one 
 son, Edward A. Morse, now in his twelfth year. He was 
 married, June ist, 1868, to Amanda M. Withrow. 
 
 ITCHELL, GEORGE, M. D., Physician, was 
 born, July 19th, 1838, in Olivesburg, Richland 
 county, Ohio, and is a son of Dr. George 1 '. and 
 Nancy (Devatt) Mitchell. His father was a na- 
 tive of Pennsylvania, but had practised for forty 
 years in Richland county with great success. 
 Dr. George Mitchell, the younger, received his elementary 
 education in the neighboring schools, and in due course of 
 time entered the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaware, 
 Ohio, and pursued the full course of four years’ study, 
 graduating from that institution in 1858, with the degree of 
 A. B. In i860 he matriculated at the Western Reserve 
 
6o8 
 
 BIOGRAl’IIICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 Medical College, where he attended one course of lectures, 
 and during the following winter entered the Ohio Medical 
 College at Cincinnati, whence he graduated as Doctor of 
 Medicine in the spring of 1862. Immediately after receiving 
 his degree he entered the United States service as Assistant 
 Surgeon of the load Regiment Ohio Volunteers, lie con- 
 tinued in active service in different campaigns until the close 
 of the war, being twice promoted for valuable services ren- 
 dered. In 1865 he retired from the army and located him- 
 self at Mansfield, where he has since resided engaged in an 
 e.xtensive practice. Having had much surgical experience 
 during his service in the army, he enjoys the reputation of 
 being a skilful surgeon. He is one of the Censors of the 
 medical department of the Wooster University, and also a 
 Trustee of his Alvia Mater. In the winter of 1876 he was 
 appointed by Governor Hayes one of the Board of Trustees 
 of the Central Ohio Insane Asylum. He is a member of 
 the American Medical Association, and also of the Ohio 
 State Medical Society. He has at various times contributed 
 to the literature of the profession. He was married, Sep- 
 tember, 1867,10 Mary, daughter of Colonel Barnabas Burns, 
 an old and prominent legal practitioner of Mansfield. 
 
 ; ESSLER, WILLIAM, Farmer, Miller, and Hotel 
 Proprietor, was born in 1801, near the city of 
 Easton, Northampton county, Pennsylvania, and 
 was a son of George Peter Kessler, a native of 
 Saxony, who with his parents emigrated to America 
 in 1764, and settled in Northampton county, where 
 they became possessed of extensive tracts of land prior to 
 the revolutionary war. During the latter struggle, his 
 father was a participant on the side of his adopted countiy, 
 and after the independence of the States was acknowledged, 
 he owned flouring mills, and carried on farming near 
 Easton, where he reared a large family. William remained 
 at home until he had attained his majority, and then engaged 
 in agricultural pursuits in his native county tintil 1836. The 
 follow’ing year he disposed of his property and removed to 
 Wooster, Ohio, where he embarked in the hotel business, 
 which he carried on for a few years. In 1S40 he engaged 
 in distilling; and shortly after in the purchase and packing 
 of pork for the Baltimore market, in which he invested a 
 large amount of money, which w'as entirely lost in 1842, 
 owing to the failure of his factor in that city. He then left 
 for Defiance county, where he purchased an improved farm 
 six miles from the town of Defiance, and remained there 
 for three years, engaged in agricultural pursuits. Having 
 decided to remove to Fremont, he disposed of the farm in 
 1845, it'* his new residence again became engaged in 
 keeping a hotel, leasing at first the property which he after- 
 wards purchased (1858), and in which he continued until 
 his death. During his residence in Fremont, he accumu- 
 lated a fine property, including two farms in the immediate 
 
 neighborhood of the town. He had ever been a Jackson 
 Democrat, until the firing on Fort Sumter, when he became 
 a firm supporter of the administration, and was ever after a 
 staunch Republican. He was married in 1826 to Louisa, 
 daughter of John Snyder, an old resident, and extensive 
 land owner in Monroe county, Pennsylvania, and was the 
 father of seven cliildren, of whom but three are now living. 
 One son, Peter Kessler, was for five years a postal clerk on 
 the line between P'remont and Buffalo, and served for some 
 time in the army during the civil war; one daughter, Louisa, 
 is the wife of E. B. Baldwin; and another daughter, Myra, 
 remains with her mother. Tlie eldest son. Major John J. 
 Kessler, of the 49th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 
 came home sick, and died in August, 1865, having served 
 through the entire war. Mrs. Kessler remains the proprie- 
 tress of the Kessler House in Fremont, which is widely 
 known .as one of the pioneer houses of Ohio, and its founder 
 will long be remembered as one of the oldest and most 
 popular of hotel-keepers. For some years previous to his 
 death he had been in declining health, and was much in- 
 jured by an accident while driving. He died, August 13th, 
 1866. The family have in their possession the original 
 passports given, February 15th, 1764, to Peter Kessler, in 
 •Saxony, w’hen he was about emigrating to America; he was 
 the grandfather of William Kessler. 
 
 ANDEMAN, JOHN L., Merchant, was born, Sep- 
 tember 30th, 1810, in Ross county, Ohio, and is 
 the eldest son of Matthias and Margaret (Legore) 
 Vandeman. His father was a native of Fayette 
 county, Pennsylvania, a farmer by occupation, 
 who removed to Ohio in 1801, locating at first on 
 Deer creek, in Ro.ss county, where he lived a few years, and 
 subsequently moved to a site on the little north fork of Paint 
 creek, and resided there until 1816, when he finally settled 
 in Fayette county, w'hich became his permanent home. He 
 was an active participant in the war of 1812, his father, John 
 Vandeman, having been a revolutionary soldier, and was 
 of German lineage; he died at a very advanced age on his 
 farm at Washington, Fayette county, in October, 1870. He 
 had married Margaret, daughter of John I.egore, of Mary- 
 land, for seven years a soldier in the revolutionary W'ar. 
 He was of both French and German ancestry. He removed 
 to Ohio in 1808, and located at first in Ross county, but 
 finally settled, 1813, in Fayette county. John L. Vandeman, 
 while a boy, attended the common school during the wdnter 
 months, and labored on a farm the balance of the year, until 
 he was eighteen years old, at which time his father moved 
 to Washington, in 1S28, he being a carpenter by trade. In 
 1S30 he entered the Ohio University at Athens, where he 
 pursued a course of literary study for about two years, and 
 subsequently taught school in Highland and Fayette counties 
 for a like period of two years. In 1834 he effected an en- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 609 
 
 gagement as a clerk, in a general country store in Wash- 
 ington, where he remained about four years. In 183S he 
 went into business on his own account in the same town, 
 and has ever since resided there, carrying on at first a very 
 small business, but which soon grew to be a very large and 
 profitable trade. He has also for some years associated 
 agricultural pursuits with the management of his extensive 
 mercantile establishment, owning a highly productive farm 
 in Union township, adjacent to Washington. He has never 
 sought nor held any public office of a political nature. He 
 is a Republican in politics, and cast his first vote in favor 
 of Andrew Jackson for President in 1832, but owi..g to 
 Jackson’s policy, he abandoned him in 1834. He has been 
 an active and zealous supporter of the Presbyterian Church 
 of which he is a member for the past forty years. Person- 
 ally, he is pleasant, courteous and affable, and enjoys the 
 respect and esteem of all his fellow-townsmen. He has 
 labored long and faithfully towards the improvement of the 
 town, which his extensive business block and where he 
 resides will show, and has probably contributed as much 
 time and influence in this respect as any other person. He 
 is also considerably interested, as a stockholder, in several 
 flourishing railroad companies. He was married in March, 
 1839, to Rebecca P. Wilson, a nativ'e of Pennsylvania, and 
 is the father of four children, three of whom are in active 
 life in the same town. The eldest died when young. 
 
 ILSON, JOHN G., M. D., Physician and Surgeon, 
 was born, March 19th, 1811, in Ross county, 
 Ohio, and is the fifth of eleven children, whose 
 parents were John and Lucy (Taylor) Wilson. 
 His father was a native of Pennsylvania, born 
 February i8th, 1779, and died September 29th, 
 1856; he was a farmer by occupation, who removed to Ohio 
 at an early date, settling originally in Pickaway county, and 
 thence went to Highland county, where he sojourned for 
 some time, and finally located in Ross county, where he 
 resided until his death. He was an active participant in 
 the war of 1812. His widow died in 1S68; she was also a 
 ii,ative of Pennsylvania, born on May 12th, 1782, a daughter 
 of William Taylor, an early pioneer of Ross county. Dr. 
 Wilson received his preliminary education in the district 
 school, which he attended during the winter months, being 
 occupied the balance of the year in working upon the farm. 
 He so continued until he attained his majority, when he 
 commenced the study of medicine under the supervision of 
 Dr. James Robbins, at Greenfield, in Highland county. He 
 continued with his preceptor for three years, and in the 
 autumn of 1835 went to Dayton, where he engaged in the 
 practice of his profession for about a year with Dr. Henry 
 Varretuye. In 1836 he removed to Lockport, Carroll 
 county, Indiana, where he remained until July, 1841, when 
 he returned to Ohio, and settled in Washington, Fayette 
 77 
 
 county, where he has resided ever since, engaged in the 
 control of an extensive and lucrative medical practice. He 
 has been Infirmaiy Physician of the county for twenty years, 
 and for some three years United States Examining Surgeon. 
 His political views are those of the Republican party, hav- 
 ing previously been a Whig, casting his first Presidential 
 vote against Jackson, and his second in favor of the Har- 
 rison electoral ticket. He has never sought nor held any 
 public office of a political responsibility, and has always de- 
 voted his whole attention to the practice of medicine and 
 surgery. In religious faith he is a Presbyterian. Socially, 
 he is a pleasant companion, and courteous in manner, and 
 is highly respected liy his fellow-townsmen. He was mar- 
 ried, 1839, to Lucinda Mackerly, a native of New Jersey. 
 She died in 1875, and was the mother of two children. 
 
 t IMPSON, REV. THOMAS R., M. D., Clergy- 
 man, Physician, and Poet, was born, December 
 1 2th, 1818, in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsyl- 
 ^ vania, and is the youngest child of James and 
 Jane (Robertson) Simpson, late of Lancaster 
 county, Pennsylvania. His father was a native 
 of Wigtonshire, Scotland, who followed through life me- 
 chanical pursuits, and emigrated to America at an early 
 date, settling in Philadelphia, and where he married Jane 
 Robertson, a native of Chester county, Pennsylvania. He 
 afterwards removed to Lancaster county, where he resided 
 until his death. Thomas received a very liberal education 
 at Washington College, Pennsylvania. When twenty-two 
 years of age, he commenced the study of divinity, at the 
 Theological School in Cannonsburg, Pennsylvania, and con- 
 tinued the same for four years. He settled at Carlisle, 
 Pennsylvania, where he had been chosen pastor of the Asso- 
 ciate Presbyterian Church in that borough, and where he 
 resided for eight years. During this period he had been 
 engaged more or less in reading medicine, and became so 
 much interested that he resolved to study it as a profession. 
 He accordingly resigned his parish, and proceeded to Phila- 
 delphia, where he attended the lectures delivered at the 
 Jefferson Medical College, and subsequently in the Philadel- 
 phia College of Medicine. At this period the latter school 
 was merged into the Pennsylvania College, from which last- 
 named institution he graduated with honor. He removed 
 to Ohio, and located in Jefferson county, where he practised 
 his profession with success until 1871, when he changed 
 his residence to Steubenville, where he has permanently 
 settled, and continues his professional duties, having an ex- 
 tensive and profitable line of patronage. While a resident 
 of the interior of the county, he was also settled as pastor 
 for a greater part of the time over the United Presbyterian 
 Church of Yellow Creek, and since he lias made Steuben- 
 ville his residence, he has devoted more or less of his time 
 to ministerial duties. He early developed marked ability 
 
6io 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL E^’CYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 as a writer of poetry, and has given much attention to 
 poetic compositions, that have attracted the attention of all 
 true lovers of the poetic muse. He is a Republican in 
 political feelings, but has never sought nor held any public 
 office. He was married in 1S40 to Martha, daughter of 
 the late William Anderson, of Washington county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and is the father of eleven children, ten of whom 
 are living. 
 
 RROWSMITII, MILLER, Surveyor and P'armer, 
 was born, March 14th, 1808, in Champaign county, 
 Ohio. In June, 1833, he first visited the Maumee 
 valley, and purchased lands near Defiance, to 
 which he removed and settled in' the following 
 month of October. At that time Judge John 
 Perkins was County Surveyor, but from age, and being en- 
 gaged in other pursuits, he did not wish to perform the work 
 of the office, and appointed Mr. Arrowsmith, Deputy County 
 .Surveyor, the duties of which office he discharged with 
 accuracy and fidelity for fifteen years; he is to-day one of 
 the oldest surveyors in northwestern Ohio. In the session 
 of the Legislature which met in the winter of 1845-46, he 
 was elected a member of the State Board of Eriualization, 
 and he proved one of the most efficient members of that 
 body. From 1848 to 1852 he was Auditor of Defiance 
 county, and Postmaster at Arrowsmith’s for about fifteen 
 years. Excepting minor offices, the above fill the measure 
 of his public life. He might have continued in office, and 
 filled a larger space in the public eye, but his tastes and 
 inclinations led him to engage in agriculture, in 1852, and 
 in this favorite pursuit, on his well-cultivated acres in 
 Farmer township, among his books and friends, he is passing 
 the evening of his days. He is now, though nearing the 
 mark of threescore years and ten, in full possession of phys- 
 ical and mental vigor. The pioneers of the valley are ever 
 specially welcomed under his hospitable roof. 
 
 ff^'ORRY, WILLIAM M., Lawyer and Editor, was 
 born in Cincinnati, January i6th, i8n, and is a 
 descendant of one of the pioneer families of the 
 State. His father, William Corry, figured promi- 
 nently as a lawyer, in the local administration of 
 Cincinnati, more than half a century ago. Mr. 
 Corry has never held but one public position. In 1855 he 
 was elected a member of the Ohio House of Representatives 
 from Hamilton county. He has a reputation for a talent 
 which he does not owe to family distinction nor public posi- 
 tion. From partisan associations and entanglements he has 
 been singularly free. Although warmly attached to Demo- 
 cratic principles, he has never been in the party organization 
 a political slave of those who would professedly carry them 
 out. In the elements which make up his mental composi- 
 
 tion, Mr. Corry rises far superior to the partisan. With 
 him government is a science and politics a philosophy which 
 should be studied by the lights of logic, history, experience 
 and intrinsic justice. For the spoils of office or any other 
 incidentals connected with party organization, he has always 
 had supreme contempt. Perhaps one of his most noticeable 
 characteristics is his willingness to take an unpopular side, 
 if it accords with his individual opinions. With the un- 
 thinking many he is not popular. With men of intelligence, 
 whether agreeing with him or not, he is most highly es- 
 teemed and appreciated, as well as ranked among the ablest 
 sons of the State. Few men are his equals in a knowledge 
 of the science of government, and particularly of those prin- 
 ciples which lie at the foundation of the American constitu- 
 tional organism. In his general ideas as to the relations of 
 the States to the Federal governmeni, he is a disciple of 
 John C. Calhoun, and in his ability to sustain those views 
 he is not much inferior to the illustrious South Carolinian. 
 He is doubtlessly the most able exponent of what is known 
 as the State Rights school of the construction of the Consti- 
 tution now living. With great political knowledge, and 
 with supreme disregard for political honor or advantage, he 
 possesses the rare quality of physical and moral courage. 
 He never surrenders a conviction. To him proscription or 
 the stake would be preferable. He did not approve of the 
 late war. It was violently opposed to all his political prin- 
 ciples, and antagonistic to all his individual instincts. He 
 did not hesitate so to write, print, and speak, despite the 
 danger of military commissions, and Forts Lafayette and 
 Warren. But politics is only one element in his character. 
 He is a fine historian ; is well-read in every department of 
 literature and science ; and in all that relates to modem im- 
 provement, he marches abreast of his age. He is one of 
 the best conversationalists in the State, and being a hard 
 student, has read almost everything that makes up what is 
 known as a modern library. Those who know and appre- 
 ciate him most highly, keenly regret that what is called his 
 political impracticability — which simply means his devotion to 
 principle, and his personal honesty — should have prevented 
 his advancement to the high positions in State and general 
 government, which he was so well qualified to adorn. He 
 is one of the ablest of Western editors. There is hardly a 
 newspaper in Cincinnati that has not received many brilliant 
 articles from his pen, some of them published as editorials, 
 and others over his well known initials. He was the 
 founder, and for several years editor, of a weekly political 
 paper entitled the Cincinnati Commoner. In it there were 
 many articles worthy of our best monthlies, and worthy of 
 being published in book form. The Commoner, discontinued 
 in 1872, was called originally West and Sontii, and as it 
 was first issued at the close of the war, its special object was 
 to patronize those sections of the Union on both doctrine 
 and measures. It called on Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana, 
 three great contact States, to set the whole Mississippi valley 
 the example of solidarity upon what it called the “ interior 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 policy,” viz., the State Rights construction of the Federal 
 system created by the States, and always amenable to them, 
 but by no means leaving ccmstitutional questions to Congress 
 and the Supreme Court in the last resort, nor agreeing that 
 the terms of the copartnership of Union made it perpetual. 
 With this plain doctrine the Co/nmoner advocated as meas- 
 ures of interior policy the true science and justice of hard 
 money, free trade, light ta.xes, and small appropriations. 
 Generally the paper invited all sensible men to use it as a 
 medium for the expression and exchange of opinions on 
 every important and interesting subject, and set an example 
 of perfect frankness and independence. While it is true 
 that his tastes lie largely in the field of political speculation, 
 Mr. Corry has displayed fine literary and scholastic attain- 
 ments. lie was educated as a lawyer, and admitted to the 
 bar at Columbus in the spring of 1832, but quit the practice 
 in 1848, on going to Europe. His fine analytical and 
 logical mind would have given him a distinguished position 
 at the bar, had he chosen to continue a practitioner. His 
 sympathies have ever been with what is known as radical 
 progress in all departments of effort. The struggle in 
 Europe betwqen the masses and the privileged classes has 
 always aroused his deepest interest. The excesses of the 
 lowly and oppressed in the days of their victories have not 
 blinded him to the justice of their complaints. He left 
 home for France on the news of the last revolution of 1848, 
 and remained nearly three years in Paris, an eye-witness of 
 the attempts to establish and to overthrow the republic. 
 His friends there were all advanced republicans, and he 
 gave that cause his cordial and unfaltering support, at con- 
 siderable risk. He learned the language, and never has 
 ceased to praise the French people, whom he considers the 
 foremost nation of Europe, and the advance guard of the old 
 world in science, art, war, society, politics, progress and 
 liberty. One of his peculiarities, and in this age of 
 utilitarian philosophy, when sentiment is so generally 
 sacrificed to the practical, and the noble is so largely 
 overshadowed by the sordid, it is a peculiarity, is his 
 devotion to his personal friends. Misfortune with him 
 does not obscure merit. Adversity in others only brings 
 out in stronger relief the pure gold that lies at the bottom 
 of his own composition. Sometimes abrupt in manner, 
 occasionally hasty in expression, and often using, perhaps 
 stronger and more forcible language than the occa- 
 sion warrants, he has a kind heart, and an appreciation of 
 all that is noble and true in humanity, and infinite scorn 
 for all that is mean and base in any private or public man. 
 The historian of the Ohio Legislature of 1856-57, who un- 
 derstood his subject well, graphically describes Mr. Corry as 
 “ a man of mark, both physically and intellectually, in any 
 public body. An inch or two over six feet high, and quite 
 thin from chronic ill health, he appears very tall, and with a 
 full beard and dark hair, is of decidedly foreign aspect. 
 There is added to this a slight tinge of French manners, 
 perhaps contracted during a residence in Paris, that is akin 
 
 61 1 
 
 to his mercurial temperament, and radical tendency of mind. 
 In politics he has been called a red Republican, and I do 
 not know that he objects to a classification with Ledru 
 Rollin, and those French revolutionists who preferred inde- 
 pendent exile to servile eminence under the shadow of 
 Napoleon the Little, though, by the way, I cannot appreciate 
 the ground of his attachment to the Democracy of this 
 country, particularly as I understand him to be a democrat in 
 the correct sense of the term. Alternately he appears radi- 
 cally in advance of modern progress, and behind even white- 
 haired conservatism, often startling his friends, and surpris- 
 ing his opponents. Like all geniuses he is brilliant, erratic, 
 and eccentric, combining all kinds of extremes, with a strong 
 tendency, in spite of all, to the practical. In debate he 
 reasons with great earnestness of manner, and has the 
 faculty of investing his subject with importance enough to 
 make it worthy of the discussion, whatever it may be. 
 Towards opponents he is apt to be severe, and liable to fall 
 into the barrister’s trick of crushing an adversary liy a coup 
 lie main. As an orator he possesses rare gifts, is eloquent, 
 forcible and clear, but his forte after all is his earnestness 
 of manner, which commands the attention of his audience 
 in spite of themselves. He is not apt to dabble in debates, 
 but will often spring into them at times and from quarters 
 not expected, and takes an especial delight in demolishing 
 an assuming pretender. His feelings are with the people 
 and their rights, personal and moral, when in competition 
 with wealth and capital, preserving and defending the im- 
 portant distinction between the man and the dollar, a quality 
 in a legislator which will be more and more appreciated in 
 the advance of the true science of law making, as laws come 
 to be a truthful exhiljit of just rules applied to particular 
 cases. Personally, Mr. Corry is a man whom his friends 
 value. Not very ready to make acquaintances, he is free 
 from hauteur or affectation, and meets men as though he 
 had seen others of the species before, regarding properly 
 their individuality and their rights. Travel has educated 
 him, moreover, into the truth that men are not worth a 
 great deal more for being born in any particular country. 
 As a legislator he looks more to the moral than the 
 pecuniary interests of the State, and from his independent 
 radicalism is not likely to be the leader of a party or faction, 
 since the trading politician will not often venture to follow 
 so bold an example as he is apt to set. Still, his talent for 
 speaking and his general accomplishments will make him 
 a prominent man in any deliberative body, and his party is 
 often compelled to follow him at a risk, by doing w'hich his 
 present jiarty a.ssociates would certainly gain much and lose 
 nothing.” Taken all in all, as a man of eccentric, curious, 
 and admirable traits, he stands alone, and certainly as a 
 man of genius and culture, he has had few erjuals among 
 his cotemporaries, so rendering it the more to be deplored 
 that no fitting opportunity should have been given him for 
 using such uncommon qualities to the advantage of his 
 fellow-men. 
 
6i2 
 
 BIOGRArillCAL ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 ORRIS, R. D., Merchant, was Irorn, June 4th, 1829, 
 in Turkstown, county of Kilkenny, Ireland, and 
 is a son of James and Johanna Norris. His 
 primary education was obtained in the village 
 school, where he remained until he was twelve 
 -years old, when he entered the National School 
 at Pilltown, in the same county, w'here he completed his 
 education during the three years of his sojourn there. After 
 leaving this latter institution he entered as an apprentice a 
 diy-goods and woollen establishment in Wexford, where he 
 served three years, at the expiration of which time he went 
 to Dublin, where he was engaged by the welhknown firm 
 of McBurney & Collis, dry-goods and w'oollen merchants, 
 in the capacity of buyer for the woollen department of the 
 house. This is one of the largest establishments of the 
 kind in Dublin, giving employment to between five and six 
 hundred clerks and salesmen. He i-emained in this con- 
 nection until 1851, when he decided to emigrate to the 
 United States. On landing in the city of New York, he 
 obtained a situation in the dry-goods house of Lord & 
 Taylor, where he passed a year, and then removed with his 
 family to Cincinnati, he having been married prior to his 
 departure from Europe. After his arrival in Cincinnati, he 
 accepted a position in the dry-goods house of George 
 White, one of the most extensive establishments at that 
 time in the city. During the period he was connected with 
 that house he became Superintendent of the cloak and 
 shawl department, and also buyer for the woollen depart- 
 ment. He relinquished these positions in 1855, and com- 
 menced on his own account, on Fifth street, in the dry- 
 goods, cloak, and shawl trade, doing a thriving and ^ 
 satisfactory business for about eight years, when he disposed 
 of his interests in the concern, and then opened a whole- 
 sale clothing warehouse on Pearl street, under the firm- 
 name of Martin, Norris & Co., which so continued for two [ 
 years, after which the style was changed to R. D. Norris & j 
 Co. In 1870 he closed up his business on Pearl street and j 
 returned to Fifth street, where he opened a wholesale and 
 retail clothing house, to which was added a customs de- 
 partment, and also the importing of fine woollen goods 
 from England and France. In the latter department he 
 probably does a larger business than is transacted by any 
 similar establishment in the West. While travelling in 
 Europe, some years since, he visited the principal woollen 
 manufactories, both in England and France, and opened 
 accounts with such of them as seemed best suited to his 
 trade; since which lime he has largely imported both 
 h'rench and English goods, and still continues to do so. 
 The experience he has gained in the large woollen houses 
 of Europe, and also in this country, led him to the con- 
 clusion that it was more profitable to his interests to deal in 
 the manufactured goods than in piece goods, hence the 
 change which he has made in his business, so different 
 from the mode in which he had been educated. During 
 the quarter of a century of his business career he has been 
 
 j very successful, having been able to withstand the panics 
 I and weather the financial storms which have swept over the 
 I country. And not only this, but he has never been obliged 
 I to ask for an extension of time on a note, nor allowed his 
 ; paper to go to protest. A straightforward business on true 
 business principles has ever been his motto. He has 
 achieved the success which has attended him by his strict 
 attention to business and undeviating honor and honesty in 
 all his mercantile transactions. And the handsome compe- 
 tence he has gained during his twenty-five years’ residence 
 in Cincinnati is an ample proof of his unwearying industry. 
 Outside of his extensive business he has made large invest- 
 ments in valuable real estate in various parts of the city. 
 He has never held nor aspired to any office, political or 
 otherwise. 
 
 « NDERWOOD, ALPHEUS HARRISON, Physi- 
 cian and Pharmaceutist, was born, April 21st, 
 1836, in Brimfield, Portage county, Ohio, of New 
 ^ ^ England parentage. His father was a native of 
 
 Massachusetts, a farmer by occupation, and orig- 
 inally a cabinet-maker by trade, had removed to 
 Ohio in 1820. His mother was a native of Connecticut, 
 who died when he was one year old. He was reared by a 
 kind step-mother. He first attended the district school, 
 and subsequently an academy at Shallersville. When 
 seventeen years old he left school, and taught for the ensu- 
 ing seven years in various localities, including Ravenna, 
 Portage county; Mechanicsburg, Champaign county; and 
 South Charleston, Clarke county. At the outbreak of the 
 civil war he enlisted as a private in the 4th Ohio Cavalry, 
 and was advanced to the rank of Sergeant. He served 
 with that regiment until discharged for disability, in 1863. 
 He then proceeded to Cardenton, where he commenced 
 the study of medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. A. S. 
 Weatherly, meanwhile teaching school for one term. After 
 remaining at that place for a year, he went to Cincinnati 
 and pa.ssed two years in attendance upon the lectures deliv- 
 ered in the College of Medicine and Surgery, and in W. J. 
 M. Gordon’s drug store as prescription clerk. He gradu- 
 ated from the college in P'ebruary, 1866, having in the 
 meantime been appointed Assistant Physician in the Com- 
 mercial Hospital, Cincinnati. He considers this appoint- 
 ment as a great achievement, owing to the opposition of 
 the other schools. He was, however, obliged to relinquish 
 the position on account of ill health. He next returned to 
 Clarke county, and commenced the practice of his profes- 
 sion in South Charleston, where he remained a year, 
 meeting with good success. A favorable opening present- 
 ing itself at London, he removed thither in 1867, and con- 
 tinued his professional duties in that place until July, 1874, 
 when he purchased a drug store, and has since assumed the 
 entire control of the same, having a very good patronage, 
 and he also continued his medical practice. His political 
 
0/UaxyPu}> Co 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.'EDIA. 
 
 6 
 
 views are those held by the Republican party. He has had 
 positions offered him on the ticket of that party, but has 
 invariably declined the nomination. He was appointed 
 Pension E.xamining Surgeon for Madison county in 1873, 
 which position he yet retains; and is also Examining Sur- 
 geon for si.x or eight life insurance companies. He has 
 been through life a hard worker and a close student, rely- 
 ing exclusively upon his own efforts for advancement, and 
 receiving no assistance or possessing any outside influence 
 whatever. He enjoys the confidence and esteem of the 
 community among whom he resides, and is regarded by all 
 as a useful and valuable citizen. He was married on Sep- 
 tember 2lst, 1865, to Hannah D., eldest daughter of r.)avid 
 Rutan, of Mechanicsburg, Ohio, and is the father of two 
 sons, both living. 
 
 jIGELOW, JABEZ GARDNER, Lawyer, was 
 born, March 7th, 1822, in New Lebanon, Colum- 
 bia county, New York, where he received a com- 
 mon school education. In 1844 he went to 
 Oberlin, Ohio, where he subsequently entered 
 the college at that town, and graduated in the 
 1850. After leaving that institution he taught 
 school for the next six months, and then removed to .Saji- 
 dusky, and in the same year commenced the study of law in 
 the office of Beecher & Leonard — the former of whom is 
 still in active business for himself — and was admitted to the 
 bar in August, 1852. He commenced immediately to 
 practise his profession in Sandusky, and is acknowledged 
 to be one of the ablest and most prominent barristers in 
 that city. In 1862 he was appointed United States Assessor 
 of Internal Revenue, and held that position for three years, 
 and was one of the first persons who acted in that capacity 
 in northern Ohio. He has also served as a member of City 
 Councils. His political belief was formerly that of the 
 Liberty party; but since the abolition of slavery he has 
 been a prominent Republican. He is a persevering, ener- 
 getic citizen, and is endowed with talents of a high order; 
 and his present standing as a member of the legal fraternity 
 is entirely due to his industry and the care with which his 
 clieiiLs’ causes are presented to the court and jury. He is a 
 stockholder in the .Sandusky Tool Company, and also in the 
 Second National Bank. He was married in 1855 to 
 Sarah Hull, of Perkins township, Erie county, Ohio. 
 
 ALL, LUTHER A., Lawyer, was born, August 
 13th, 1813, in the township of Spafford, in Onon- 
 daga county. New York, and is a son of Luther 
 Hall, a native of Berkshire county, Massachu- 
 setts, and a farmer by occupation. He died in 
 1849, at Freeport, Illinois, whither he had pre- 
 viously removed. Luther A. Hall was reared on a farm, 
 working during the summer and .attending the district 
 
 school until he attained the age of fourteen ye.ars, when he 
 became a pupil of Thomas W. Allis in a select school at 
 Skaneateles, where he remained two years. He then 
 effected an engagement as a clerk in a store, where he was 
 occupied some three years. In the spring of 1833 he 
 started on a trip to Ohio, with a small stock of goods, in a 
 one-horse wagon, to pay his travelling expenses on the way. 
 He arrived at Tiffin on May 5th of that year, and was first 
 employed in the Recorder’s office at fifty cents per day, 
 boarding himself. He soon after entered the store of John 
 Park as a clerk, and received ten dollars per month wages 
 and his board. He remained there for about eighteen 
 months, at the same time filling the office of Clerk of the 
 Court of Common Pleas and Supreme Court for Seneca 
 county, at Tiffin, to which position he was appointed, as 
 Deputy, in 1833, and as Principal on May 5lh, 1834. In 
 1835 engaged in the mercantile business with Josiah 
 Hedges, an old merchant and the founder of Tiffin. This 
 was carried on for about two years, when the great financial 
 storm of 1837 occurred, and they decided to discontinue 
 busine.ss. The stock was closed out, their good debts col- 
 lected, and all liabilities paid. There were many losses 
 from b.ad debts, but still something remained when the firm 
 dissolved. He still continued to hold the office of Clerk 
 of said courts in Tiffin, and at the same time studied law 
 under the supervision of Hon. Abel Ransom, until the 
 autumn of 1840, when he entered the Cincinnati Law 
 College, and graduated therefrom in the spring of 1841. 
 He resigned the office of Clerk of the Court the same year, 
 and commenced the practice of his profession in Tiffin, .and 
 so continued until 1856, when he was elected to the office 
 of Prosecuting Attorney of Seneca county. He filled that 
 position for two years, and in 1858, at the expiration of his 
 term of service, formed a legal partnership with John H. 
 Fittinger, of Tiffin, under the firm-name of Hall & I’ittin- 
 ger, opening an office in that town, and have continued 
 together ever since, engaged in a general law business. In 
 1862 Mr. Hall was appointed by President Lincoln Assessor 
 of Internal Revenue for the Ninth District of Ohio, which 
 he held until removed by President Johnson in 1865. In 
 1868 he was Presidential Elector for the Ninth Congres- 
 sional District of Ohio, casting the vote in the F.lectoral 
 College of Ohio for Grant and Colfax. In 1867 he was 
 one of the corporators of the Toledo, Tiffin & It.aslern Rail- 
 road, and was elected President of the company, serving in 
 that capacity until the line was completed. While filling 
 that office he devoted his entire time towards forwarding 
 the enterprise, and to his energetic efforts were largely due 
 its final completion from Toledo to Tiffin, connecting with 
 the Mansfield Ro.ad, in advance of other and rival lines. 
 He was married, April 7th, 1835, to Cynthia A., daughter 
 of the late Josiah Hedges, of Tiffin, and is the father of 
 four sons, all of whom are living. The eldest, Josiah H., 
 is now residing in Chicago, but was for seven years in 
 Japan, and was the first Commissioner of Agriculture in 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOILLDIA. 
 
 614 
 
 that country prior to General Capron’s appointment. The 
 second son, James H., is married and living in Tiffin ; his 
 occupation that of a commercial traveller. The third son, 
 John A., was Assistant Assessor of Internal Revenue for 
 some years in Tiffin, and until that office was abolished, but 
 is now in the Tiffin Shoe Factory. The youngest son, 
 Albon E., is a surgeon on one of the Japanese steamers 
 plying between Yokohama and Shanghai. 
 
 ^^ARLICK, TIIEODATUS, M. D., Surgeon and 
 Scientist, was born, March 30lh, 1805, in Middle- 
 bury, Addison county, V'ermont, and now resides 
 in Bedford, Cuyahoga county, Ohio. He was the 
 son of Daniel Garlick, a farmer, who married 
 Sabra Starkweather Kirby, daughter of Abraham 
 Kilby, of Litchfield, Connecticut, and sister of Hon. 
 Ephraim Kirby, who in 1804 was appointed United States 
 Judge for the Territorial District of Louisiana by President 
 Jefferson. In 1816 the subject of this sketch left his native 
 State for the western country, travelling on foot, carrying a 
 knapsack, and arrived at Elk Creek (now Girard), in Erie 
 county, Pennsylvania, where he resided two years. He 
 then removed to Cleveland, Ohio, where he had a brother 
 who was a stone-cutter by trade. With this brother he 
 remained several years, and learned the art of carving and 
 lettering on stone. He then returned to his home in Ver- 
 mont to complete his education, which had been irregularly 
 received in the common schools and under private tutors ; 
 and in 1823 moved again to Ohio, accompanied by his 
 father and family. In 1829 he entered the office of Dr. 
 Ezra W. Glezen as a student of medicine. These studies 
 were continued with Dr. Elijah Flower, a prominent phy- 
 sician and surgeon of Brookfield, Ohio. After four years 
 of close application and attending full courses of lectures, he 
 graduated at the University of Maryland, in the city of 
 Baltimore, in 1834. During many months after his gradu- 
 ation he enjoyed close social and jirofessional relations with 
 Professor N. R. Smith, who occupied the Chair of Surgery 
 in the Maryland University. He declined all inducements, 
 although many were flattering, to remain in Baltimore, and 
 returned to Ohio and settled in what became Youngstown, 
 where he immediately engaged in the practice of his pro- 
 fession, in which he made surgery a specialty. Eighteen 
 years later he removed to Cleveland and formed a partner- 
 ship in surgery with Profe.ssor Horace A. Ackley, and at 
 once took high rank among the profession of that city. He 
 was elected a member of the Board of Censors of the 
 Cleveland Medical College, and Vice-President of the 
 Cleveland Academy of Natural Sciences. As a surgeon he 
 excelled, and had probably no superior in plastic surgery. 
 In the medical college and elsewhere his operations in this 
 class were numerous and important. In the case of a 
 young lady who had lost nearly all of one side of her face 
 
 and two-thirds of the upper and lower lips by sloughing of 
 the parts, he performed one of the most remarkable and 
 successful operations. The whole side of the face was re- 
 stored and the deformity removed by the perfect fitting of 
 the flaps, which were cut up to supply the lost parts. Pro- 
 fessor John Delamater decided that there was not a more 
 difficult or successful case of plastic surgery on record, and 
 estimated its value at $10,000. The operation of lithotomy 
 he performed with great skill and success ; in one case 
 fracturing and then extracting a stone which measured 
 three and one-half by four and one-half inches, in shape 
 like a cocoanut. He removed the half of the under jaw 
 twice, disarticulating in each case, and twice tied success- 
 fully the common carotid artery. He made some valualfle 
 improvements in methods of operation for harelip and for 
 fistula in ano; introduced new splints and dressings for 
 fractures, and applied the principle of anatomical models 
 to animals and parts of animals, and especially fishes. In 
 1853, with Professor Ackley, he began the artificial propa- 
 gation of brook trout and other fish, and in 1857 published 
 his work entitled “ Fish Culture,” which was the standard 
 authority on that subject. While at the Maryland Medical 
 College he produced a has relief in wax of five of the pro- 
 fessors of the college, which were pronounced excellent 
 likenesses. The statuettes in basso relievo of General 
 Jackson and Henry Clay, both of whom gave him sittings, 
 were soon after completed, and wei'e followed by a full- 
 length miniature in the same style of Chief-Justice Mar- 
 shall, from a portrait by Waugh. This work was pro- 
 nounced by Mr. Bullock, the English virtuoso, equal to the 
 productions of Thorwalsden. A life-size bust of Judge 
 George Tod, of Ohio, was another of his productions much 
 admired for its merit and accuracy. He made more than 
 sixty anatomical models, which represent all of the im- 
 portant surgical regions of the human body; also many 
 pathological models, which represent rare forms of disease. 
 Duplicates of these models may be seen in the medical 
 colleges of Cleveland, Cincinnati, Buffalo, Toronto, Charles- 
 ton, and many other colleges. They are considered superior 
 to those of the celebrated Auzoux, of Paris. In 1874 he 
 completed a life-size bust of Professor J. P. Kirtland, at the 
 age of sixty years. This is his masterpiece. It was exe- 
 cuted under the most trying circumstances. A disease of 
 the spinal nerves of more than ten years’ standing, so that 
 he could not stand without the aid of crutches, kept him 
 closely confined to a lounge, and thus, while suffering acute 
 pain, he modelled this most admirable bust. It was a 
 labor of love, as no money would have induced him to 
 undertake it. He made the first daguerreotype picture (a 
 landscape) taken in the United States, and constructed the 
 instrument and apparatus to take it in December, 1839, 
 besides making in 1840 the first daguerreotype likeness 
 ever taken anywhere, without requiring the rays of the sun 
 to fall directly upon the sitter’s face — in the shade. Pro- 
 fessor J. P. Kirtland was his first and only preceptor in 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 6iS 
 
 natural history, and was his intimate friend and associate for 
 more than forty years. His remarkable constitution and 
 genial, even temperament enabled him to perform an 
 unusual amount of labor which required great endurance 
 and patience. He was married to Mary M. Chittenden, 
 his third wife, in 1846. His first and second wives were 
 sisters, and daughters of Dr. Elijah Flower, his medical pre- 
 ceptor. He had two children — one son, Dr. Wilmot H. 
 Garlick, and one daughter. 
 
 i' 
 
 OUNG, WILLIAM, Insurance Agent, was born, 
 April 22d, 1822, in Franklin, Warren county, 
 Ohio. He assisted his father on the latter’s farm 
 until he was seventeen years old, attending the 
 
 S' 
 
 l'^ 
 
 Vc, 
 
 then went to Cincinnati, where he became an 
 apprentice to learn the saddlery business, and was thor- 
 oughly instructed in all its branches during the five years 
 he stayed there. After the expiration of his term of service 
 he went to St. Louis, where he obtained employment as a 
 journeyman saddler and harness maker, and where he re- 
 mained until 1848, when he next proceeded to Memphis, 
 Tennessee, stopping there a year, and then returned 4 o 
 Cincinnati. After a brief sojourn in his old home he went 
 to Philadelphia, staying two months in that city, and again 
 returned to Cincinnati, where he again worked at his trade. 
 In the autumn of 1848 he went South, and visited 'Vicks- 
 burg, Mississippi, New Orleans and Shreveport, I.ouisiana, 
 and thence to Clarksville, Texas, working in these different 
 cities, and once more returned to Cincinnati. He there 
 commenced the manufacture of saddles and harness on his 
 own account, on Main street between P'ourth and Fifth 
 streets, and continued there until 1858, when his establish- 
 ment was consumed by fire, and he lost in one day the 
 earnings of ten years. After this catastrophe he proceeded 
 to engage in the patent right business in St. Louis, where 
 he remained until the following year, when he again re- 
 turned to Ohio and commenced farming on a small farm 
 near Cincinnati, and which is now included within the city 
 limits, and on which he still resides. At the outbreak of 
 the civil war he effected an engagement as a cutter in the 
 employ of Moore & Sons, who had heavy contracts with the 
 government to furnish saddles and harness for the army. 
 He continued in this business until 1864, when he turned 
 his attention to fire insurance, and was associated with A. 
 S. Reaves, with whom he remained a year, and next with 
 the Eureka Company, in whose service he continued two 
 years. He was then tendered the Superintendency of the 
 Tobacco Insurance Company of Cincinnati, which he ac- 
 cepted, and had charge of the same for one year, relin- 
 quishing it to become the Agent of the Great Western In- 
 surance Company of Chicago. He held this latter position 
 until the ever memorable great fire occurred, in October, 
 
 1871, which proved too much for this corporation to w'ilh- 
 stand, and it speedily went into liquidation. He then be- 
 came connected with the American Eire Insurance Com- 
 pany, from which he resigned at the expiration of six 
 months to accept the General Agency of the Watertown 
 Insurance Compan}', and he also is connected with other 
 first-class companies, which business he carries on in his 
 office. No. 6 West Third street, Cincinnati. He is an en- 
 ergetic business man, fully acquainted with all the details 
 of insurance, and has succeeded in building up a lucrative 
 and extensive line of patronage. By his industiy, energy 
 and perseverance, and above all by a prompt settlement of 
 claims, be bas made his office second to none in the city in 
 the extent of its business operations. He was married in 
 Cincinnati, May 30th, 1849, to Ann M., daughter of 
 Robert W. Orr, of that city. 
 
 STEP, JOSIAII M., Lawyer, was born,, February 
 19th, 1829, in Washington county, Pennsylvania, 
 and is the eldest son of James S. and Sarah 
 (Gaston) Estep, both natives of the same county 
 and State. His father was a doctor of medicine, 
 and was engaged in professional duties until his 
 death, which occurred in September, 1875. Josiah worked 
 on a farm until he w'as seventeen years of age, attending 
 school in winter. In 1846 he commenced teaching school 
 in his native county, and was so occupied during two 
 winters, and during his leisure hours devoted himself to the 
 study of general literature. In 1848 he entered Washing- 
 ton College, Pennsylvania, where he remained nearly two 
 years, principally engaged in the study of mathematics and 
 the sciences. In 1851 he commenced the study of law 
 under the preceptorship of John P. Penney, a prominent 
 attorney-at-law, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and was so 
 occupied for about two years, when he removed to Ohio, in 
 1853, and settled at Cadiz, where he continued his legal 
 studies for a year under the supervision of Samuel G. Pep- 
 pard, of that place. He passed a satisfactory examination 
 at Columbus, Ohio, in 1854, and was admitted to the bar. 
 He immediately commenced the practice of his profession 
 in Cadiz, where he has since resided, and where he has 
 established an extensive and lucrative line of patronage. 
 He was the Democratic candidate for Congress in 1868, 
 but his opponent, Hon. John H. Bingham, succeeded, al- 
 though the contest was a very close one. In 1871 he was 
 the nominee of the same party for Judge of the Common 
 Pleas, where the contest was again very close, as he ran 
 some four hundred votes ahead of the State ticket, but the 
 county was largely Republican. He is a man of great 
 energy, of unimpeachable character and of fidelity in busi- 
 ness, and ranks as one of the most prominent lawyers of 
 Harrison county. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPHiDIA. 
 
 |.ENDLETON, HON. GEORGE H., Lawyer and 
 Statesman, was born in Cincinnati in 1825. His 
 grandfather, Nathaniel I’endleton, was a native 
 of New York, and was the intimate personal 
 and political friend of Alexander Hamilton, and 
 was his second in the duel with Aaron Burr, in 
 which he lost his life, in 1804. He was an officer in the 
 revolutionary army, and served as Aide-de-Camp to Gen- 
 eral Greene in his glorious campaign in the South. He 
 was the first Federal District Judge in Georgia, and 
 was ajipointed by President Washington. His father was 
 Nathaniel Greene Pendleton, a leading and eminent Whig, 
 who defeated Dr. Duncan for Congress in Cincinnati, in 
 the celebrated contest of 1S40. Descended from such an- 
 cestry, politically, it would not have been stiqirising had 
 Mr. Pendleton imbibed the same views and party tenets. 
 But he was one who thought for himself, was governed by 
 no extraneous influences, and from mature conviction em- 
 braced the Democratic creed and cast his first vote with 
 that party. He received his education mainly in Wood- 
 ward College and in the old Cincinnati College, but he 
 afterwards took courses of study at Heidelberg and Berlin, 
 in Germany. He then began the study of law in the office 
 of Stephen P'ales, of Cincinnati, and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1847, immediately after which he formed a partner- 
 ship with George E. Pugh, since United States Senator 
 from Ohio. In 1853 Mr. Pendleton began his political 
 career by accepting the Democratic nomination fur the State 
 Senate from Hamilton county. The whole ticket on which 
 he was placed was elected by many thousand majority. 
 Although the youngest member of that body, and entirely 
 new to its service, he at once took a prominent pt sition in 
 its deliberations, and well sustained the high anticipation 
 of those instrumental in his election. So favorable was the 
 impression produced that, while yet in the Senate, he was 
 nominated for the House of Representatives in Congress 
 from the P'irst District, in Hamilton county. This was a 
 great honor, in view of the high character of the men who, 
 for a series of years, had been its representatives. The 
 issue of this election was unfortunate to Mr. Pendleton. 
 The anti-Nebraska tornado swept over the country with ir- 
 resistible force, and he, as well as other Democrats, was 
 badly beaten. In 1856, at the next Congressional election, 
 he was unanimously selected to bear the standard of his 
 party, and was elected by a flattering vote. He took his 
 seat in the House of Representatives in December, 1857, 
 in the early part of James Buchanan’s administration. 
 Stormy times were ahead. Ultraism, both North and 
 South, was surging against the ship of state. Mr. Pendle- 
 ton’s course was soon decided upon. It was moder.ate 
 and conservative, h.aving in view the preservation of the 
 Union by maintaining amity among the States. In 1858, 
 he was nominated a third time for Congress, his competitor | 
 this time being T. C. Day, who in 1854 had defeated him. 
 The contest was sharp and generally unfortunate to the ■ 
 
 Democracy, Mr. Pendleton being the only candidate on the 
 ticket who was elected. In i860, in the breaking up of 
 the Democratic party at the Charleston Convention, he 
 warmly sustained Mr. Douglas, and was nominated by that 
 wing of the party for re-election to Congress. His main 
 competitor was Judge Oliver M. Spencer, of the Superior 
 Court of Cincinnati; and, although a considerable portion 
 of the county ticket was defeated, he was again elected. 
 While serving his third term in Congress the civil war oc- 
 curred. His position was similar to that held by the great 
 mass of his political friends. In 1861 the Democracy were 
 overwhelmingly beaten in Hamilton county, and in 1S62 
 there seemed to be little hope of the party being able to 
 elect Mr. Pendleton again. He was, however, unanimously 
 nominated. His opponent was Colonel John Groesbeck, 
 but Mr. Pendleton was again successful. This was his fifth 
 nomination, an unusual number where the doctrine of ro- 
 tation had so long prevailed. He was prominently spoken 
 of for Speaker of the House, but the Republican ascen- 
 dency in that body prevented any serious effort being made 
 in his behalf. He was appointed upon the Committee of 
 Ways and Means, on which it was usual to assign the 
 strongest and ablest members. He had already served on 
 the Judiciary and Military Committees, the two other lead- 
 ing committees of the House. In 1864 there was a strong 
 feeling in favor of him as the candidate of the party for the 
 Presidency. But the majority of the delegates were in favor 
 of a military man, and the result was that Mr. Pendleton 
 was nominated for the Vice-Presidency, with General 
 George B. McClellan as the candidate for President. He 
 was a delegate at large from his State to this convention. 
 The issue of the election was of course adverse, only Del- 
 aware, New Jersey and Kentucky casting their votes for 
 McClellan and Pendleton. On the 4th of March, 1865, his 
 fourth term of service in the national House expired. He 
 had long been regarded as the leader of his party in the 
 House, and his retirement was the cause of general regret. 
 In 1866 the Democratic State Central Committee of Ohio 
 elected him a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention. 
 This appointment he declined to accept. The Jime for 
 another Congressional election had now rolled around ; and 
 in view of the importance of the next Congress, and the 
 belief that Mr. Pendleton was the best and strongest man 
 that could be selected, he again received the nomination 
 of his party. He ran ahead of his ticket, as usual, but was 
 defeated. In 1S67 there were strong indications favorable 
 to his nomination by his party for President of the United 
 States. The Ohio delegates to the National Convention 
 were instructed to vote for him, and before the convening 
 of the convention at New York, on the 4th of July, 1868, 
 several other States had instructed their delegates to vote 
 for him, and his name stood first among the candidates. 
 After a protracted balloting his name was withdrawn and 
 Horatio Seymour was made the nominee of the party. In 
 1869 the Democratic State of Ohio nominated General 
 

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BIOGRAPHICAL EXCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 617 
 
 Rosecrans for Governor. That gentleman declined, and, at 
 the unanimous request of the State Central Committee and 
 other leading men of the party, Mr. Pendleton consented 
 to accept the gubernatorial nomination. He was unable to 
 make a canvass of the State, and was unsuccessful. In 1871 
 lie was President of the convention in which the Democ- 
 racy of Ohio made the famous new departure platform, and 
 declared their acquiescence in the new amendments to the 
 Constitution. Since that time his private business has pre- 
 vented him from taking an active interest in political 
 affairs. This has been necessarily a brief statement of Mr. 
 Pendleton's political career. Endowed by nature with a 
 strong and vigorous intellect, it has been assiduously im- 
 jiroved by cultivation and study, and by scholastic and 
 educational polish. There are few men who have less 
 weakness and frailty, and whose minds are more completely 
 developed. Calm and self-possessed, he is seldom be- 
 trayed into excitement, and always acts under the dominion 
 of reason, instead of passion. He is moderate and con- 
 servative in his views, but inflexible and determined in 
 adhering to them. Dignified in his deportment, yet 
 modest and unassuming, he is always courteous to op- 
 ponents. His speeches and public addresses have been 
 marked by great logical and oratorical strength, and clas- 
 sical purity of style. His social qualities are very attrac- 
 tive, his address and personal appearance fine, and his 
 hosts of friends who take pride in his past career, regarding 
 him as one of the most promising statesmen of his time, 
 look forward with hope and confidence to the future that 
 will bring for him still higher honors and a more brilliant 
 position in the affairs of the country. He was married in 
 1846 to Alice Key, daughter of Francis Scott Key, of Bal- 
 timore, and has three children, one son and two daughters. 
 
 *1 
 
 ACKEY, JOHN, Lawyer, was born, January 7th, 
 1818, in Warren county. New Jersey. He is the 
 son of Lewis and Margaret (Campbell) Mackey. 
 He laid the foundation of his education in a dis- 
 . a trict school. The family emigrated to Erie county, 
 Ohio, when John was about eighteen years of age. 
 Here he attended school at Milan, preparing himself for 
 college. Leaving school at the age of twenty-two he en- 
 tered the law office of Messrs. Beecher & Cooke. He was 
 admitted to practise in 1846, opening a law office in San- 
 dusky. At this time he also entered into partnership with 
 Messrs. Mills & Ross in the publication of the Daily Dem- 
 ocratic Mirror. He severed his connection with that paper 
 in the spring of 1849. Since that lime he has devoted 
 himself exclusively to the law, in which his labors have 
 been well rewarded. He was for six years Prosecuting 
 Attorney of Erie county, and was six years in the City 
 Council of Sandusky, being President of that body for four 
 years. He is at present a member of the Board of Educa- 
 78 
 
 tion of Sandusky. In early life Mr. Mackey was a Dem- 
 ocrat. When General Cass, however, was nominated, in 
 1848, he cast his personal influence and that of his news- 
 paper in favor of Martin Van Buren as the Free-Soil candi- 
 date for the Presidency. He has been an ardent member 
 of the Republican party since its organization, taking an 
 active interest in public affairs. In whatever position he 
 has been placed he has acquitted himself creditably. Oc- 
 tober 24th, 1849, I'S married Violetta Mackey, in Erie 
 county, Ohio. 
 
 'EWEV, HON. CHAUNCEV, Lawyer and Presi- 
 dent of the Harrison National Bank of Cadiz, 
 Ohio, was born, March 27th, 1796, near Nor- 
 wich, Connecticut, and is a son of the late 
 Eiiphalet and Rachel (Hyde) Dewey. His 
 father was a native of Windham county, Con- 
 necticut, who was a farmer by occupation, and removed 
 from Connecticut in 1798 to Otsego county. New York, 
 where he settled on the Susquehanna river, in that county, 
 where he lived until 1834, and then proceeded to Oswego 
 county, in the same .State. In 1836 he went to Ohio and 
 located in Cadiz, Harrison county, where he died in 1837. 
 He wa,s a soldier in the revolutionary war. His wife was 
 a native of Norwich, Connecticut, a lineal descendant of 
 Chancellor Hyde, of England; she survived her husband 
 ten years, having died in Cadiz in 1847. Chauncey worked 
 on the farm until he was eighteen years old, attending 
 school in the winter. In 1814 he w.as drafted into a mil- 
 itary company, and marched to Sackett's Harbor to repel 
 an anticipated attack of the British, and was in service 
 about seven weeks. On his return he entered Hartwicli 
 Academy, in Otsego county. New York, where he pursued 
 a course of literary study until the summer of 1818, and 
 became proficient in the classics. In the same year he 
 passed the requisite examin.ations prior to entering the 
 junior class of Union College, Schenectady, New York, 
 then under the supervision of the celebrated Dr. Eiiphalet 
 Nott. He graduated from that institution in 1820, and in 
 the .same year commenced the study of law at Coopers- 
 town, Otsego county, under the preceptorship of Samuel 
 Starkweather, a prominent attorney of that place, and con- 
 tinued so engaged for a year, and in 1821 removed to 
 Cadiz, Ohio, where he completed his legal studies, and was 
 admitted to the bar in the following year. He immediately 
 entered upon the practice of his profe.ssion in Cadiz, and so 
 continued until 1845, being a partner for a number of years 
 with the late Hon. Edwin M. .Stanton. In 1845 he became 
 connected with the Harrison branch of the State Bank of 
 Ohio, at Cadiz, and soon afterwards was elected its Presi- 
 dent. He devoted the greater portion of his time to the 
 interests of this institution until 1865, when its business was 
 closed and the Harrison National Bank was organized as 
 its successor, of which he was elected President, and has so 
 
6i8 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 continued until the present time, beside being its principal 
 stockholder. He is also largely interested as a shareholder 
 in the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railroad Com- 
 pany; in the Jefferson Insurance Company of Steubenville; 
 in the P'ranklin Insurance Company of Wheeling; and also 
 in the Amazon Insurance Company of Cincinnati. He has 
 been more or less a contributor to colleges and theological 
 schools. He was a member of the Ohio Senate from 1841 
 to 1843, resigning before the expiration of his term of ser- 
 vice. He has never aspired to any political office. In 
 politics he is a Republican, and gave his first Presidential 
 vote, in 1824, in favor of John Quincy Adams. He is a 
 Pre.sbyterian in religious belief. He is a man of the most 
 inflexible integrity and unimpeachable character; he has 
 always led a temperate life, and, though he has passed his 
 eightieth year, is still active and energetic in his business. 
 He was married in February, 1823, to Nancy, daughter of 
 John Pritchard, formerly of Fayette county, Pennsylvania, 
 but who was one of the pioneer settlers of Harrison county, 
 Ohio, whither he removed in 1807. Pie is the father of ten 
 children. 
 
 LONE, FELIX G., Lawyer, was born, July 28th, 
 1826, in Goshen, Clermont county, Ohio. He 
 was the third of seven children born to William 
 Slone and Rachel Mann. William Slone was a 
 native of Hamilton county, Ohio, and by voca- 
 tion a farmer. He moved to Clermont county 
 in 1808, and subsequently to Peoria county, Illinois, where 
 he died in 1872. Rachel Mann Slone was a native of 
 Bullett county, Kentucky. The subject of this notice was 
 engaged on a farm until he was nineteen years old, attend- 
 ing school in the winter. The next three years he passed 
 in Martinsville, Clinton county, teaching school in the 
 winter and attending school as a pupil during the summer. 
 In 1850 Mr. Slone began merchandising at Westborough, 
 Clinton county, and was thus engaged for about three years. 
 Ditiing these years he was industriously devoting his spare 
 time to reading law. After his admission to the bar, in 
 1853, he was chiefly engaged in school teaching until 1858. 
 He then went to Georgetown, Brown county, where he re- 
 mained in the practice of his profession until 1861. As 
 Second Lieutenant of Company K, 70th Regiment Ohio 
 Volunteer Infantry, he went to the front and was in active 
 service for nearly three years, participating in the battles 
 of Pittsburgh Landing, Corinth and Vicksburg. By meri- 
 torious conduct he earned a first lieutenant’s and then a 
 captain’s commission. He was honorably discharged from 
 the service in 1863, and returned to Georgetown, Brown 
 county, where he remained until October of 1865. He 
 then located in Wilmington, where he has since made his 
 home and secured a large practice. In politics he is a 
 Republican. Mr. Slone is a valuable citizen, and is re- 
 garded as a man of strict integrity. He is dignified in 
 
 bearing, and yet affable and courteous in intercourse -with 
 his fellows. In 1848 he married Kate Hodson, of Clinton 
 county. 
 
 ECK, WILLIAM VIRGIL, Lawyer and ex-Judge, 
 was born, April l6th, 1804, at Cayuga, New York. 
 His parents were Virgil and Mary (Wallace) 
 Peck, and he was the youngest of their three 
 children. Both parents were natives of Litch- 
 field, Connecticut. They settled in Cayuga, New 
 York, in 1802, and there Virgil Peck died in September, 
 1804. He was of English extraction, and at the time of 
 his death was a merchant in that place. After his death 
 his widow, in 1808, married Dr. Abel Catlin, of Litchfield, 
 Connecticut, who died in 1856. She then removed to 
 Portsmouth, Ohio, and resided there with her son William 
 until her death, which took place in i860. The boyhood 
 of William Virgil Peck was passed at Litchfield, Connecti- 
 cut. He attended the district school there until he had 
 passed beyond its educational resources. He then studied 
 the classics at the Pierce Academy and at the South Farms 
 Academy in Litchfield. In 1816 he went to Watertown, 
 New York, where he entered a store as clerk. He re- 
 mained at Watertown, employed in that capacity, for about 
 three years. In the year 1819 he returned to Connecticut 
 and obtained a situation as clerk at Winsted, in that State, 
 and continued in its employ until 1824, at which time he 
 entered the then very celebrated law school of Litchfield. 
 From this institution he graduated in the summer of 1826, 
 and almost immediately moved to Ohio. He went to Cin- 
 cinnati, where he entered the law office of the late Judge 
 Bellamy Storer. He remained with him until 1828, and 
 then, removing to Portsmouth, Ohio, he immediately en- 
 tered upon the practice of his profession. He has resided 
 in Portsmouth ever since, and almost from the first his suc- 
 cess was great. His fine natural talents, added to thorough 
 training and high legal attainments, won for him a sub- 
 stantial recognition, which manifested itself in a very 
 extensive practice. In February, 1848, he was elected 
 President Judge of the Common Pleas Court of his district. 
 He was re-elected to the same position in 1851, and again 
 in 1856. He served until the spring of 1859, when he took 
 his seat as Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio, to which 
 position he had been elected in 1858. No higher evidence 
 of the thoroughly acceptable manner in which he performed 
 the duties of his judicial office could be required than the 
 fact that his re-elections to the Common Pleas bench were 
 without opposition, and that in 1863 he declined a re- 
 election to the bench of the Supreme Court. In 1864, on 
 account of impaired health, he retired from all official and 
 professional business, and has since been living in honored 
 retirement at his home in Portsmouth. His impaired physi- 
 cal health has not in the least affected that of his mind, and 
 his strong and brilliant mental qualities are as noticeable 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 619 
 
 now as ever. Politically, he is a Republican. His first j 
 vote was cast in 1828 for John Quincy Adams. Though | 
 not an active member of any church, he has (until prevented j 
 by bronchial trouble and ill health) been a very regular at- 
 tendant of either the Presbyterian or Episcopal Church, and 
 has always been a contributor to those institutions. His 
 life has been always characterized by the most unquestioned 
 integrity, and by habits of strict temperance ; and in social 
 life his pleasant temper, his agreeable manners and uniform 
 courtesy, render him universally popular. He was married, 
 July 8lh, 1830, to Mary Ann Cook, of Portsmouth, Ohio. 
 Of their large family of children only four are at present 
 
 ' UNE, D.VV'ID, Machinist and Engine-Builder, was 
 born. May nth, 1824, in Ithaca, New York, and 
 is a son of Peter June, also a native of New York, 
 who had formerly followed the sea, but removed 
 with his family to Ohio in 1833 and settled in 
 Sandusky ; he sailed for a few years on the lakes, 
 and died in 1851. David lived in Sandusky until he was 
 about sixteen years old. He attended school until fourteen, 
 and then commenced to work in a machine shop to learn 
 the trade. In 1842 he went to Cleveland, and found em- 
 ployment in the Cuyahoga Iron Works, and became a good 
 machinist and engineer, and for the next ten years was in 
 the service of this company during the winter, and filled the 
 position of engineer on the steamers of the Buffalo and 
 Chicago line through the summer season. By industry and 
 economy he laid by some money, and in 1853 went to Fre- 
 mont to start in business. He there purchased a plow shop, 
 and fitted it up for repairing and building engines. He was 
 assisted at the outset of the enterprise by an elder brother, 
 D. L. June, who had been a resident of that town for several 
 years. Business began at once, for the steamboat company, 
 for which he had worked, sent him engines, etc., to repair, 
 and orders for machinery came in from the country. The 
 first steam-engine in the county was built there. In 1858, 
 at the urgent solicitation of the Lake Superior Transporta- 
 tion Company, he left the business at Fremont in the care 
 of a partner, lately taken in, and went to Cleveland, where 
 he took charge of all the company’s boats, keeping them in 
 running order. He remained in that position until i860, 
 when, finding that his interests at Fremont needed his atten- 
 tion, he relinquished his situation at Cleveland and returned 
 home, where he purchased the interests of his ]>artncr and 
 assumed entire control of the business. In 1862 he com- 
 menced the erection of new works, and completed the present 
 buildings, now occupied, in 1867. In the meantime he asso- 
 ciated with him as partner Robert Brayton, an old and skil- 
 ful machinist, with whom he had worked in Cleveland (and 
 whose biographical sketch appears elsewhere in this volume). 
 The business has ever since been a prosperous one, and was 
 not seriously affected by the financial distress of 1873. Mr. 
 
 June is a superior mechanic as well as a good business man- 
 ager. He has made many valuable improvements in build- 
 ing engines. He is the patentee of a self-acting spark ar- 
 rester, invented in 1875, of which the firm have the exclusive 
 right to use, and is a valuable article. The engines built by 
 D. June & Co., both portable and stationary, have a high 
 reputation; many hundreds have been built since i860 and 
 shipped to all parts of the country. They have aimed to 
 excel in thoroughness of work and finish, and have a steady 
 demand. They are now (1876) building fifty portable en- 
 gines, of two patterns, to meet the demands of their trade. 
 They also build circular saw-mills, etc., etc. The amount 
 of capital invested in the buildings, machinery, etc., is about 
 sixty thousand dollars, the greater part of which has been 
 made in the business. They give employment to between 
 forty and fifty men, on full time, all the year round. David 
 June was married, November 28th, 1844, to Caroline A. 
 Owen, of Painesville, Ohio, and has had two children, one 
 of whom only is living, a daughter of eighteen, who is still 
 at home. 
 
 BERMILLER, MINRAD, Physician and Surgeon, 
 was born, February l8th, 1818, in Schwarzenberg, 
 Province of Tyrol, Austria. He is the son of 
 Gephard Obermiller, a manufacturer of woollen 
 goods, who for forty years carried on business 
 successfully. When M inrad was eight years of 
 age, while playing in his father’s mills, he was caught on a 
 wheel and had his left hand torn off, crippling the arm to 
 the shoulder. He laid the foundation of his education at 
 the district school. At the age of fourteen he entered the 
 university at Innsbruck, where he remainerl for six years. 
 From Innsbruck he went to the university at Gratz, where he 
 studied medicine and surgery, receiving his diploma in 1842. 
 In this year he accepted the position of Assistant Physician 
 in the Imperial Hospital, at Vienna. In February, 184S, 
 he was sent as Assistant Surgeon to the Austrian army, then 
 stationed at Milan, a severe fever having broken out among 
 the soldiers in that city. At this time began the Italian 
 revolution, assisted by King Charles Albert, of Sardinia. As 
 the war progressed, the force with which Dr. Obermiller 
 was serving was ordered to guard the government buildings 
 with their funds and records. The Hungarian revolution 
 breaking out at this time, the Austrian government was 
 obliged to divide its army. By this move the strength of its 
 forces were so weakened that it was found impossible to 
 hold the buildings at Milan. The troops at Milan were 
 ; therefore ordered to fall back to Verona, taking with them 
 1 the government funds and records. This they succeeded in 
 doing by resorting to a clever ruse, cutting their way through 
 the Italian forces and reaching Verona with the money and 
 records concealed about their persons. From Verona Dr. 
 Obermiller was ordered to join reinforcements sent to Venice. 
 Being a few hours in advance of the troops he paid a visit 
 
620 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 to a friend, living near the powder magazine in Verona. As 
 soon as the inhabitants heard of the approach of more Aus- 
 trian troops they arose in arms, forcing the few soldiers 
 stationed in the city to flee to meet the coming reinforce- 
 ments. All communication with his regiment was cut off; 
 the Italians had sworn death to every Austrian in the city, 
 and Dr. Obermiller was obliged to take refuge in the maga- 
 zine, located on a small island and in charge of a corporal’s 
 guard of six men. After remaining here over six weeks, 
 the party effected a conditional surrender; left the powder 
 in a useless condition, and landed safely at Trieste, where 
 Dr. Obermiller resigned his commission, retiring honorably 
 from the service of his country. He paid a short farewell 
 visit to his mother (his father having died while the doctor 
 was in the field); he started for America, via Antwerp. 
 After a voyage of forty-two days he landed in New York, 
 July 24th, 1848. Thence he went to Tiffin, Seneca county, 
 Ohio, where his brother, a priest of the Roman Catholic 
 Church, was stationed. Here he performed many success- 
 ful cures in chronic and other diseases, and built up a large 
 practice through northern Ohio and southern Michigan. 
 January ist, 1872, Dr. Obermiller removed to Toledo, where 
 he has since resided, enjoying a large and lucrative practice. 
 During his professional career he has discovered many valu- 
 able remedies for fevers, consumption, lung and kidney 
 diseases, diabetes, cancer, etc. In 1870 he built a handsome 
 block on St. Clair street, Toledo, which he occupies as a 
 residence and office. He has invested the greater part of 
 his surplus funds (all made in his practice) in Michigan and 
 prairie lands. May 13th, 1852, he married Mary Borke, a 
 finely-educated lady, of Tiffin, Ohio. By this marriage he 
 has one son and three daughters. The son and eldest 
 daughter have shown marked talent for portrait and land- 
 scape painting, and have produced some works of decided 
 merit, without any instruction. Dr. Obermiller and his 
 family are held in high respect by all who know them, 
 being people of culture and refinement. 
 
 .WVSON, BA.SS, M. D., Physician, was born, April 
 17th, 1799, in the town of Orange, Franklin 
 county, Massachusetts, and is a son of the late 
 Samuel Rawson, also a native of that .State. He 
 is one of five brothers, who removed from Massa- 
 chusetts at an early day and settled iti Ohio. 
 Four of them were practising physicians, including Dr. L. 
 Q. Rawson, of Fremont (whose biographical sketch appears 
 elsewhere in this volume). The fifth brother was the late 
 Hon. Abel Rawson, an eminent lawyer of Tiffin, Ohio. 
 Dr. Rawson is one of the sixth generation of the Rawson 
 family in direct descent from Edward Rawson, who left 
 England in 1836, and was the honored .Secretary of the 
 Massachusetts colony from 1650 to 1686. All of the Raw- 
 sons in the United States, with one exception only, trace 
 
 their origin to this Edward Rawson, whose descendants at 
 the present day, according to a genealogical book, very coin- 
 plete, published at Boston by the family in 1875, number 
 over 5450 names, as recorded in the work, the youngest 
 being in the ninth generation. Dr. Rawson’s youthful days 
 were passed at home, working at times on a farm, and in 
 attendance upon the country schools. At a later period he 
 was jilaced to learn the trade of a hatter, and worked at it 
 until he was about twenty years old. As the busine.ss did 
 not agree with him, his health becoming impaired, he de- 
 cided to abandon it and qualify himself for a profession. 
 He accordingly entered the academy at New Salem and 
 went through a course of study, and subsequently was en- 
 gaged in teaching at interv'als until he was about twenty-five 
 years of age. Having married, he went to Ravenna, Ohio, 
 where he remained a few months, and then returned east- 
 ward as far as Otsego county. New York, where he located 
 in Richfield, where his wife had friends, and, having pur- 
 chased a small property, resumed his avocation of school 
 teaching. He had, previously to leaving Massachusetts, 
 been reading medicine for a few months, and he now began 
 to study that science systematically under the supervision of 
 Dr. Thomas, of Richfield, and in 1827 attended the lectures 
 at Dartmouth College. In 1828 he remov'ed to Ohio, and 
 sojourned fora little over a year with his brother. Dr. Secre- 
 tary Rawson, in practice in Medina county. In the follow- 
 ing year he proceeded to the new town of Findley, then in 
 the wilderness, and where he finally settled. At that period 
 there was no practising physician, save himself, in the town, 
 and his advent with his family in that region is still remem- 
 bered by many as an occasion of rejoicing. He entered 
 there upon an active practice, which continued with but 
 little cessation for over forty years. Though he was never 
 blessed with a robust constitution, bis health had become 
 very much impaired by close a]iplication to study prior to 
 his removal to Ohio ; but he found great benefit in the active 
 life and the long horseback rides, which were then incident 
 to practice in a new country, where there were no roads 
 worthy of the name, and by this continued healthy exercise 
 he gained both physical strength and endurance. He was 
 for many years the leading physician in that region, and 
 known as a most successful practitioner. Since 1870 he has 
 endeavored to withdraw from active professional pursuits, 
 but some of his old patrons yet insist upon receiving his 
 medical advice, so that he still goes out to attend such calls. 
 He has always been ready to give to deserving objects, pub- 
 lic or private, and especially in promoting the welfare of his 
 own church and society. For his kindred, whether near or 
 distant, he entertains warm feelings of attachment, often 
 evidencing this to one and another, as occasion offers, in 
 many quiet but substantial w.ays. Since the death of his 
 wife a young niece has been his housekeeper, and he still 
 resides in the plain, substantial frame-house, which was 
 among the first erected in Findley, on the main street, front- 
 ing the public square. Locating there when the country was 
 
BIOGRArmCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 621 
 
 a wilderness, he has endured with othere the hardships and 
 privations of a frontier life, but is at last able to discern the 
 silver lining of the dark cloud which hung so heavily around 
 all in their once new Western home. He was married, in 
 May, 1824, to Amanda Blackmer, of Greenwich, Massachu- 
 setts ; she died in 1874. Their daughter and only child, 
 Harriet E. Amanda, married Dr. William D. Carlin, of 
 P'indley, who was a surgeon in the army, and died in 1862, 
 while in the service. She died in 1870, leaving three chil- 
 dren ; one of these is a physician, and another the wife of 
 C. T. Doudon, a resident of Toledo. 
 
 'IFE, JAMES, Banker and Farmer, was born, 
 August 19th, 1798, in the county Tyrone, Ire- 
 land. He is the first of five children of William 
 Fife and Mary McCoy, both of whom were born 
 and died in the county Tyrone, and were mem- 
 bers of the Seceder Church. The subject of this 
 sketch worked on a farm and attended school until he was 
 seventeen years of age. In 1817 he came to America and 
 settled in Cincinnati, where he secured a situation as clerk 
 in the dry-goods store of Paxton & Pierson. In 1818 he 
 went to Lebanon, Warren county, where he passed a year 
 as clerk in a store. January 8th, 1819, he went to Wilming- 
 ton, Clinton county, where he has since resided. P'or two 
 years after settling in Wilmington Mr. Fife was engaged as 
 a clerk. In 1821 he purchased his employer’s stock and be- 
 gan busine.ss on his own account. He continued in business, 
 sometimes being associated with a partner, until the close of 
 the rebellion. Since then Mr. P'ife has given his attention 
 mainly to the care of his farm and his interests as a stock- 
 holder and director of the First National Bank of Wilming- 
 ton, together with the supervision of his extensive real estate. 
 He has studiously avoided a political life, with great reluc- 
 tance consenting to run as a Presidential Elector for Martin 
 Van Buren. P'ormerly a Jackson Democrat, he is now a 
 Liberal. His life has been markcul by temperance, industry, 
 thrift, and integrity beyond reproach. Careful in business, 
 he is genial and agreeable in his social relations. November 
 28th, 1819, Mr. P’ife married Jane Dillon, of North Carolina, 
 who died in 1830, leaving four children. In 1831 he mar- 
 ried Catherine M. Moon, of Virginia. In 1876 he married 
 Nancy M. Bosworth. 
 
 C jpjfjAFF, GE 
 f'f the cot 
 I county, 
 
 x\- 
 
 GEORGE WERTZ, Lawyer, was born in 
 country, in Tuscarawas township. Stark 
 Ohio, on March 24th, 1825. His parents 
 were William and Mary (Wertz) Raffensperger, 
 natives of Pennsylvania. His father’s ancestors 
 came to Ameriea from Westphalia, Germany, be- 
 fore the Revolution, in which they participated. He him- 
 self is the oldest of a family now consisting of four brothers 
 
 and a sister. When he was about six months old his father, 
 who was a blacksmith, removed to Canton, the county seat, 
 where he lived for six years and a half ; then returned to 
 Tuscarawas township, and in three years moved to Bethle- 
 hem, in the same county. During these years George W. 
 attended the public schools, which were held but for three 
 months in the year, and in them was instructed only in the 
 lowest branehes of an English edueation. His father was 
 poor, and could not afford to send him to better schools. 
 Teachers in those days in Ohio were very inefficient, and it 
 was an uncommon thing to find one who could go beyond 
 reading, writing, and arithmetic as far as and including the 
 “ rule of three.” When the lad was twelve years of age his 
 uncle, Daniel Raffensperger, who had been elected County 
 Recorder, gave him a situation in his office, where he re- 
 mained several months, and was then placed in a country 
 store to learn the business of clerking. In 1840 his father 
 died, and from that time until his marriage the care of his 
 mother’s family, with the support of his younger brothers 
 and sisters, devolved upon him. When this event occurred 
 he was clerking in Bethlehem, and he so continued until 
 the fall of 1844, when his uncle Daniel, who was Clerk of 
 the county courts, offered him the Deputy-Clerkship, which 
 he accepted. During the years of his mercantile clerkship 
 he had endeavored to improve every moment of leisure in 
 reading, and otherwise “making up” for his lack of educa- 
 tion. But the range of books to which he had access was 
 very limited, and it was not until he entered his uncle’s 
 office, and obtained the advantages afforded by a residence 
 in a county town of some proportions, that he W’as able to 
 make much i)rogress in the course of self-education which 
 he had planned out, and to which his limited circumstances 
 confined him. He remained Deputy-Clerk for six years. 
 In 1848 he w'as appointed Clerk of the Sui)rcme Court for 
 the county, and filled the office in connection with his dep- 
 utyship. He also commenced the study of the law in this 
 year. In 1850 the members of his grandfather’s family, 
 then living, with one exception, and a number of others 
 bearing the same name, consummated a ])urpose which they 
 had long had under consideration, namely, an abbreviation 
 of the family name. P'or many years previously they had 
 been familiarly known by the name of “ Raff,” and this 
 had become so universal that the name was even more fre- 
 quently thus written by their friends than the correct one, 
 and strangers being thus often misled, much embarrassment 
 was caused the family. In addition, the different branches 
 of the family were spelling the full name so variously that 
 confusion was created, while investigation disclosed that the 
 original name of the family was “ Ravensberg.” 'I'hese 
 considerations induced the change, which was accomplished 
 without legislative action, and without causing the least In- 
 convenience to themselves or friends. In 1850 George W. 
 Raff was admitted to the bar, and in the fall of the succeed- 
 ing year he was elected Probate Judge of the county. Dur- 
 ing his term of office he conceived the purpose of preparing 
 
622 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 a “ Guide for Executors and Adniinistratore in the State of 
 Ohio,” which he subsequently (in 1857) carried into effect. 
 He remained in office until February, 1855, when he en- 
 tered upon the practice of law at Canton, Ohio. On De- 
 cember l8th, 1855, he was married to Belinda J., daughter 
 of Frederick A. and Rebecca Schneider. Two sons, one 
 nineteen and the other seventeen years of age, are the fruits 
 of this marriage, which has been a very happy one, his part- 
 ner being a truly noble woman. He continued in the prac- 
 tice of law until the spring of 1871, during which time he 
 prepared three additional works — a “Pension Manual;” 
 “ Road-Laws of Ohio,” and “ War Claimant’s Guide.” 
 The “ Guide to Executors and Administrators ” has run 
 into the fourth edition, and the road-book into a second. 
 Both have become standard authority in the State. In 1871, 
 finding that the demands of a heavy legal practice were 
 seriously threatening his health, as well as wearing upon his 
 mental faculties, he accepted the position of legal adviser 
 and confidential secretary to Cornelius Aultman, Esq., the 
 well-known manufacturer of agricultural implements and 
 owner of a large number of valuable patents. In this posi- 
 tion, which he still occupies, he has found the relief from 
 mental strain which he sought in accepting it. He is a man 
 of large ability, and is highly respected and esteemed in a 
 wide circle as a lawyer, a citizen and a gentleman. 
 
 ASSETT, EDWARD P., Lawyer, was born, Oc- 
 tober 22d, 1818, in the State of New York, of New 
 England parentage; both father and mother were 
 natives of New Haven county, Connecticut. He 
 removed to Ohio in 1831, and located at first in 
 Portage county, of which he was elected Sheriff in 
 1839, and served in that office until 1845. Meanwhile he 
 read law under the supervision of Hon. Luther Day, after- 
 wards a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio. He was ad- 
 mitted to practice in 1845, and two years thereafter removed 
 to Toledo, where he has ever since resided, and was con- 
 stantly engaged in the practice of his profession until t86l. 
 He was admitted to the bar of the United States Circuit 
 Court in 1854, and to that of the United States Supreme 
 Court, at Washington, District of Columbia, March 7th, 
 1861. He was commissioned. May l6th, 1861, by President 
 Lincoln, Postmaster of Toledo, and retained that position 
 until July, 1865. His political predilections led him to adopt 
 the tenets of the old Whig party, and when it ceased to exist 
 he adopted the principles of Republicanism. He regards 
 the most exciting and imposing public events, of which he 
 was an eye-witness, to have been the Fort Meigs Political 
 Convention of 1840; the Chicago Convention, that nomi- 
 nated Lincoln in i860; and his inauguration at Washington 
 in 1861 ; while the impromptu gathering of the citizens of 
 Toledo, at White’s Hall, on the receipt of the news of the 
 President’s assassination, April 15th, 1861, he deems the 
 
 most solemn and impressive scene he ever witnessed. Hav- 
 ing been an active participant in partisan politics for a quarter 
 of a century, he is impressed with the truth of the saying of 
 Confucius, that “ The superior man is catholic, and no par- 
 tisan ; ” and that great good would result to our republic 
 could all violent partisans be similarly impressed. 
 
 LLBRITAIN, RICHARD LEE, School Superin- 
 tendent, was born, June i8th, 1839, in Muskin- 
 gum county, Ohio, of American parentage. His 
 father was a farmer by occupation, who removed 
 from Virginia about 1825. Richard lived on a 
 farm until he was twenty years old, and attended 
 school during the winter seasons. In 1859 he commenced 
 teaching the common school in Guernsey county. During 
 the civil war he ’entered the army as a private soldier, 
 August 22d, 1861, and participated in many engagements. 
 He was severely wounded at Vicksburg, Mississippi, May 
 20th, 1863. Having recovered, he rejoined his regiment 
 and served with them until honorably discharged, August 
 24th, 1865. During his four years’ connection with the 
 army he served as private, corporal, sergeant and quarter- 
 master, and in May, 1865, was commissioned as First Lieu- 
 tenant. After his return to civil life he attended Muskingum 
 College during l866, and then resumed his avocation as a 
 school teacher. In 1869 he was elected Auditor of Noble 
 county, Ohio; but having favored the nomination of Horace 
 Greeley in 1872, was defeated at the election, having been 
 again a candidate for the same office. He is at present 
 Superintendent of the Caldwell schools, having been chosen 
 to that position in the spring of 1873, and these seminaries 
 have improved much under his supervision. He has been 
 an industrious, painstaking, useful citizen, and has risen to 
 his present position by his own efforts, never having received 
 any assistance whatever. He was married, October 7th, 
 1867, to Mrs. Mary E. Halley. 
 
 ODGERS, ROBERT, M. D., was born in Cumber- 
 land county, Pennsylvania, September 26th, 1807. 
 His parents were James and Jane (Quigley) Rod- 
 gers, both natives of Pennsylvania. He received 
 his education in a private school in Shippensburg, 
 and began the study of medicine in a private office 
 in th** same town. Having attended lectures at the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania, he received his diploma from that 
 institution in 1828, and immediately began practice at Ne\v 
 Hope, Bucks county, where he remained three years. 
 Thereafter he practised at Newville for one year, and then 
 moving West settled for a year at Portsmouth, Ohio, leav- 
 ing there for Springfield in 1833, where he has ever since 
 remained. There is little to be said of a life as quiet as 
 
BIOGRAPIIICAL ENCVCLOPiEDIA. 
 
 623 
 
 that which ordinarily falls to the lot of a physician. Dr. 
 Rodgers’ life has been successful, and happily the life of a 
 doctor cannot be successful without being useful. lie ar- 
 rived in Springfield when the city was a mere village, and 
 has been identified with its growth and progress. Just be- 
 fore moving there in the spring of 1833 returned to 
 Pennsylvania, and married Efifie Harrison, of Lebanon 
 county. With her he has seven children : John H. ; Isaac 
 Ward ; Richard Hemy ; James Godman ; Frances ; Sarah 
 Elizabeth ; and one who died in infancy. 
 
 ALEY, PATRICK FRANCIS, M. D., Physician, 
 Surgeon, and Coroner of Hamilton county, Ohio, 
 was born in county Mayo, Ireland, January 15th, 
 1838, and attended school in that county until he 
 reached his fourteenth year, when he emigrated 
 with family to the United States. Upon their 
 arrival in 1851, they settled in Hamilton county, Ohio, 
 where Mr. Maley’s education was completed. It was scho- 
 lastic in character, and embraced a number of the higher 
 branches of study. Upon leaving school he went to learn 
 the drug business with J. P. White, of Cincinnati, with 
 whom he remained seven years, mastering in that time all 
 the details of that trade, and graduating from the College 
 of Pharmacy. He then commenced to read medicine with 
 Dr. John A. Thacher, of the same city, and during his 
 course of reading attended the Cincinnati College of Medi 
 
 cine and Surgery, from which he graduated with the degree 
 of M. D. in 1861. He at once engaged in practice, but 
 within a short time of his entrance upon professional duties 
 was appointed Assistant-Surgeon in the United States navy, 
 and was assigned to the western flotilla. At Helena, Ar- 
 kansas, he contracted the swamp fever, and in the latter 
 part of 1862 was compelled to resign from the service. 
 Upon his recovery he resumed practice in Cincinnati, which 
 was continued for a short time, and was then again inter- 
 rupted by his application to Assistant Surgeon-General 
 
 Wood, whose head-quarters were at St. Louis, for a position. 
 Having pissed the requisite examination and being found 
 fully qualified, he was assigned to duty at Jefferson Bar- 
 racks, Missouri. On September 22d, 1863, he was ordered 
 to join Rosecrans at Chattanooga, and did so just before the 
 battle of Chickamauga. As a token of the esteem of the 
 officers and patients of his hospital at Jefferson Barracks, 
 they presented him before his departure for the South with 
 a silver ice pitcher and salver. On his way to Chattanooga 
 he had to travel seventy miles over the mountains on foot, 
 and lost all his instruments and personal effects by the cap- 
 ture of the wagon train accompanying him and his compan- 
 ions by the enemy. Upon arriving at Rosecrans’ head- 
 quarters he was immediately placed on duty at Cutchfield 
 Hotel, which had been converted into a hospital. He was 
 subsequently ordered to escort a train of sick and wounded 
 
 men to Nashville, Tennessee, where he resigned in 1864. 
 He a third time entered upon his professional practice, and 
 carried it on with great success, enjoying in a comparatively 
 short time a very large patronage. He was chosen a mem- 
 ber of the Board of Education of Cincinnati, and served 
 with distinction for five years, having been three times re- 
 elected. In 1867 he was elected to the City Council from 
 the F'ourth ward, and was re-elected in 1868, and served 
 with credit and efficiency. Upon the expiration of his term 
 of office in 1870, he devoted his whole time and energy to 
 his professional calling until the death of Dr. Dougherty, 
 County Coroner, in the latter part of 1872, when he was 
 appointed to fill the vacancy. At the general election in 
 1873 chosen to the same office, and in October, 
 
 1874, was re-elected for two years, and new exercises the 
 duties of the office. He has shown his complete qualifica- 
 tion for this public trust, and the honors of the re-elections 
 conferred upon him by the public, indicate that the people 
 of Cincinnati are amply satisfied with the care and fidelity 
 with which he discharges his duties. He was married on 
 April 23d, 1861, to Josephine E., daughter of A. C. Hol- 
 combe, a native of Virginia, who was one of the early set- 
 tlers of Cincinnati. 
 
 YERS, PHILIP VAN NESS, Lawyer and Author, 
 was born, August loth, 1846, at Tribes Hill, 
 Montgomery county. New York. His father, 
 Jacob Myers, was a physician, and of Dutch 
 descent. Through his mother he was allied to 
 the Morris family, whose genealogy, carefully 
 preserved in some of its branches, is carried back to Elystan 
 Glodrydd, a British chieftain, prince of Ferbys, founder of 
 the fourth royal tribe of Wales. The ancestor of the branch 
 of the family in America was Thomas Morris, who arrived 
 in Massachusetts in 1637. The following year he removed 
 from Boston to Quinnipiac, now New Haven, where he 
 purchased the tract of land still known as Morris’s Point. 
 In 1850 the parents. of Philip Van Ness Myers removed to 
 .Saratoga Springs, W'here he received his first academic 
 training. Completing his preparation for college at Ballston 
 Spa, New York, he entered Williams College, Massachusetts, 
 in 1866, becoming a member of the class of ’68. While a 
 student at Williams he was chosen by the Lyceum of Natu- 
 ral History of that institution a member of a scientific expe- 
 dition to South America. The party, comprising seven 
 persons, made an adventurous and successful journey across 
 the continent along the line of the equator. Philip Myers 
 in connection with his brother, H. M. Myers, gave the 
 public the results of this expedition in a volume entitled 
 “ Life and Nature under the Tropics.” At the close of his 
 college course he assumed the principalshi]) of Pompey 
 Academy, New York, giving up this position after one year 
 to take charge of Naples Academy in the same .State. The 
 year 1871 he spent at Williamstown, Massachusetts, devot- 
 
624 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 ing himself to studies preparatory to a contemplated tour 
 around the world. In 1872, accompanied by the brother 
 already mentioned as his companion in South American 
 travels, he visited Europe, and the following year made ex- 
 tended journeys through several of the c,junlries of Asia 
 which lie out of the usual course of travellers. The sites 
 of Palmyra, Nineveh, Babylon, and Persepolis were visited, 
 and several months were spent by the brothers among the 
 Himalayas of India, the hot season of the Indian year being 
 thus turned to account in botanical and geological studies. 
 His brother having died of fever in India, P. V. N. Myers 
 upon his return home commenced the preparation of a his- 
 tory which should embrace the results of their united travels 
 in Asia. This work, under the title “ Remains of Lost 
 Empires,” was issued by Harper & Brothers in the fall of 
 1874. The work soon passed through two editions. While 
 engaged in the preparation of the above-named volume for 
 the press, Mr. Myers was prosecuting the study of the law 
 at the Yale Law School. He here divided with a fellow- 
 student the prize, open to both classes, for the best essay on 
 the constitutional law of the United States. In 1874 he re- 
 moved to Columbus, Ohio, continuing there his legal 
 studies. The following year he was married to Ida C. Miller, 
 of Pompey Hill, New York. He was admitted to the bar 
 in 1875, and is at present engaged in the practice of the 
 law at Columbus, Ohio. 
 
 ILKISON, D-WID, Lake Captain and Farmer, 
 was born, February 23d, 1800, in Warren county. 
 New York. He lost both parents in early youth, 
 and was left to his own resources, consequently 
 he received but a limited education. When four- 
 teen years old he went to Cleveland, and the fol- 
 lowing year shipped on the schooner “ Black Snake,” under 
 his uncle, Jacob Wilkison, and in 1815 that vessel landed 
 at Swan Creek some passengers who settled at Perrysburg 
 on the Maumee river. This was just at the close of the war 
 with Great Britain, and Fort Meigs was then garrisoned by 
 United States troops. Fishing was the principal occupation 
 of the inhabitants. When seventeen years of age he was 
 promoted to the command of the “ Black Snake,” and to 
 that of the schooner “ Pilot” in the following year. This 
 latter vessel plied between the Maumee river and Buffalo. 
 He continued to sail different vessels until 1835; among 
 these was the schooner “ Eagle,” which he had built, in 
 1828, at Port Lawrence, now Toledo. In 1835 he took 
 command of the steamer “ Commodore Perry,” which 
 traded between Buffalo and Chicago for ten years, and he 
 then was transferred to the “ Superior,” in which he re- 
 mained until 1852, when he retired from the lakes, and 
 went to his farm near Penysburg. He subsequently had 
 charge of the lighthouse in Maumee Bay for two years. He 
 suffered for some years from loss of eyesight, wKich was 
 partially relieved by an operation, a year or two previous to 
 
 his death. During his long career he was known as one of 
 the oldest and most popular of lake captains, and was a man 
 of great kindness of heart and geniality of disposition, 
 whereby he won his way to the esteem of his acquaintances. 
 His independence of character ever prompted him to self- 
 reliance and unremitting efforts. After a residence of fifty- 
 eight years on the Maumee river he passed away amid a 
 scene which contrasted greatly with that which first pre- 
 sented itself to his youthful eye. He was married, Novem- 
 ber 27t!i, 1827, to Caroline M., daughter of John G. Forbes, 
 who had removed, in 1825, from Manlius, Onondaga county. 
 New York, to Port Lawrence, Ohio. He was the father 
 of five children, all of whom are living: William D., the 
 eldest son, is in Toledo; Emeline IT, wife of Isaac R. 
 Thompson, of Perrysburg; Sarah IL, wife of H. H. Dodge, 
 of the same place; John E. Wilkison, of the firm of Foster 
 & Co., bankers, of Fostoria ; and Caroline M., wife of Earl 
 W. Murray, of Bowling Green, Ohio. Captain Wilkison 
 died in Perrysburg, September 8th, 1873; his widow yet 
 survives him. 
 
 Q'^I^IEBB, JOHN, was born, August 27th, 1795, in 
 CiTI I Lane, New York city. He is the son of 
 
 j. Ill) John Webb, uho like his wife was a native of 
 or-ye Pennsylvania. The father was a hatter in New 
 o ^ York city until 1798, when he engaged in business 
 in Hagerstown, Maryland. About 1799 the 
 family removed to Durstown, Northumberland county, 
 Pennsylvania. Shortly after they went to Youngmanstown, 
 in the same county, where they remained until 1814, when 
 they settled in Canton, Stark county, Ohio. Young John, 
 w ho was the second of fourteen children, W'ent to district 
 school until he was sixteen years old, when he began to 
 learn the trade of a hatter with his father, with whom he re- 
 mained as a journeyman until he was tw'enty-four years old, 
 when his father took him into partnership. In 1822 the 
 son sold out his interest and w'ent to Perrysburg, Wood 
 county. Perrysburg had been laid out five years before, 
 but it was little more than a town in imagination, without 
 inhabitants. ' Mr. Webb helped to raise the first log house 
 in Perrysburg, where he arrived wdth a cash capital of $1.25. 
 He was variously employed until 1824, when with the scanty 
 savings of two years he bought tools and began business as 
 a hatter. This he continued until 1828, w'hen he was 
 elected Sheriff of \Vood county, filling the position satisfac- 
 torily for two terms. From 1832 until 1842 he was Clerk 
 of the County Court. In the latter year he was elected 
 Sheriff for a third time, serving four years. In 1848 he 
 was elected County Clerk again, and held the office until 
 i860. He has since led a quiet life, giving his attention 
 chiefly to farming. At the advanced age of eighty-one, 
 after the hardships of pioneer life and an active public 
 career, he enjoys good health in the retirement of a comfort- 
 able home in Perrysburg. He still w'rites a remarkably 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EN’CYCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 625 
 
 plain hand He has been married three times : March 8th, 
 1S21, to Elizabeth Charles, at Canton, Ohio; July l8th, 
 i8j 4, to Maiy Dean; February 23d, 1851, to Mary A. 
 Jones; the two latter of Perrysburg. Eighteen children, of 
 whom eight are now living, have been born to him. 
 
 z.n 
 
 CA.aQ 
 
 ODGERS, JOHN IL, M. D., .son of Dr. Robert 
 Rodgers, was born at Springfield, Ohio, August 
 19th, 1834. He received his education at the 
 Miami University, O.xford, Ohio, graduating in the 
 class of 1853, and at once began the study of 
 medicine in Philadelphia at the University of 
 Pennsylvania, the same institution whence his father had 
 graduated twenty-eight years before. He took his diploma 
 in 1856, and returning to Springfield, immediately joined 
 his father in the practice of his profession. October, 1861, 
 he entered the army as Assistant Surgeon of the 44th Regi- 
 ment Ohio Volunteers. His service while in this commis- 
 sion was principally with his regiment in West Virginia and 
 Kentucky. In the spring of 1863 he was promoted to Sur- 
 geon, and transferred to the 104th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 
 joining the army of Burnside in East Tennessee, and par- 
 ticipating in the Atlanta campaign in the following year. 
 He retired from the service, December, 1864,00 the expira- 
 tion of his term, and resumed his practice in Springfield. 
 After his promotion he became chief of the operating staff 
 of the 2d Division of the 23d Army Corps. The expe- 
 rience acquired during his three years’ service was both ex- 
 tensive and varied, and has doubtless materially contributed 
 to the high reputation he sustains among the faculty. May 
 2lst, 1857, he married Jane M. Sturgeon, of Cumberland 
 county, Pennsylvania who died October 20th, 1869, leaving 
 two sons. 
 
 I HEELER, SAMUEL C., Lawyer, was born in 
 Greencastle, I'nirfield county, Ohio, September 
 i6th, 1828. His parents were natives of America 
 and traced their ancestry to Germany, Wales and 
 England. He received a partial education 
 the district schools located in the neighborhood 
 of his home; but secured much of his general literary 
 knowledge through his own una.ssisted efforts. Upon relin- 
 quishing school life at an early age, he worked on a farm 
 until his eighteenth year was attained, when he moved to 
 Lancaster, Ohio, where he was apprenticed to learn the art 
 of saddle and harness making. After having served his 
 time, he continued to work at his trade, travelling through 
 Ohio and Michigan, until he found himself in Sandusky, 
 Erie county, Ohio. When about twenty-eight years of age, 
 he commenced, in 1856, the study of law in ths office of 
 Judge A. W. Hendry, under whose supervision he pursued 
 his studies with untiring ardor and perseverance. He was 
 79 
 
 admitted to practise in the State Courts in 1859, and about 
 the year 1871 was admitted to practise in the United Stales 
 District Court at Cleveland, Ohio. He is now one of the 
 leading lawyers in Sandusky, and is widely recognized as an 
 able and a trustworthy practitioner and solicitor of patents. 
 He also controls a large business in the collection of pen- 
 sions, etc., and as a collection and insurance agent. His 
 principles and sentiments attach him now to the Republican 
 party, although until the outbreak of the rebellion he was a 
 supporter of the Democratic organization. In the spring of 
 1861, desirous of throwing in his assistance toward support- 
 ing the national government and the venerated constitution, 
 he enlisted as a private soldier in the 7th Regiment of Ohio 
 Volunteer Infantry, and remained with it in this capacity 
 until the following winter, when he was made Orderly Ser- 
 geant. June 9th, 1862, he was wounded at the battle of 
 Port Republic, Shenandoah valley, while in Shields’ Divi- 
 sion, 3d Brigade, General E. B. Tyler commanding. He 
 then received a furlough, and returned to his home. Ulti- 
 mately, in the spring of 1863, he was discharged from the 
 service, in consequence of disability resulting from his 
 wound. He has held several local offices of trust in San- 
 dusky, Ohio, and is one of the most influential and re- 
 spected citizens of the town. He was married, P'ebruary 
 24th^ 1861, to Mahala J. Karshner, of Sandusky, Ohio. 
 
 ERKINS, JOHN, a resident of Athens, Athens 
 county, Ohio, was born on the 27th of December, 
 1791, in Leicester, Vermont, and was the fifth of 
 the ten children of Dr. Eliphaz and I.ydia (P'itch) 
 Perkins. Dr. Perkins was born on the 21st of 
 
 August, 1753, in Norwich, Connecticut; his wife, 
 Lydia, was born, June 14, 1760, in Canterbury, Connecticut, 
 at which place they were married on the 17th of Septem- 
 ber, 1780. Dr. Perkins w'as educated and it is believed 
 graduated at one of the Eastern colleges. Soon after leav- 
 ing college he entered into mercantile business; but being 
 unfortunate, and sustaining a heavy loss at sen, he aban- 
 doned the business, and commenced the study of medicine, 
 and as soon as duly qualified entered upon the duties of the 
 medical profession, and continued to discharge them with 
 faithfulness and skill until advanced age. He removed 
 with his family to Ohio in 1799, locating temporarily in 
 Marietta, where he remained a few months, and where his 
 wife died, leaving on his hands nine children, two of which, 
 twins, were infants, born in Reading, Pennsylvania, while 
 the family were on their journey. Their first child had died 
 in infancy. In 1800 he visited Athens, at that lime called 
 Middletown, purchased a cabin home, and .soon after re- 
 moved his family to it. At one time after he settled there, 
 there was only one other family on the plot where the town 
 of Athens now stands ; there had been two or three others, 
 but they had left, and their cabins were empty. At an early 
 
626 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL encyclop.l;dia. 
 
 dale a postoSfije was established in the place, and soon 
 after Dr. Perkins was appointed Postmaster, which office he 
 held eighteen or twenty years. Some two years after the 
 death of his first wife he married Catharine Greene, a na- 
 tive of Rhode Island, and near kin of General Greene, of 
 the army of the Revolution, an excellent woman, who died 
 in 1S21. Not long after this he married his third wife, the 
 respected widow of Mr. Bezaleel Culver, of the vicinity of 
 Athens, a good woman and worthy member of the Presby- 
 terian Church in Athens. She outlived her husband several 
 years, and died on the 27th of August, 1837. Dr. Perkins 
 was an early and fast friend of the Ohio University, and for 
 a time its Treasurer. He took deep interest in the common 
 schools in the country around. He was a man of sterling 
 integrity, ardent piety, and an efficient member of the Pres- 
 byterian Church. Politically he was a Republican. John 
 Perkins, from early childhood, had the benefit of moral and 
 religious training. He had just entered on his ninth year 
 when his mother died, but her pious instructions and admo- 
 nitions were written upon the young heart, never to be ob- 
 literated. When his father settled in Athens, school 
 advantages were very limited, but on the opening of the 
 Ohio University there was a change for the better. At its 
 commencement, however, there were but three to answer to 
 the first morning roll-call. John Perkins was one of that 
 number. He continued in the institution several years, 
 principally engaged in English studies, giving some little 
 attention to the Latin, and intending to take a regular col- 
 legiate course, but his health became impaired, and he found 
 it necessary to give up his books, which he did with great 
 reluctance. Some time after this, in 1814, he entered the 
 store of Messrs. Skinner & Chambers, in Point I farmer, as 
 a clerk, and served there something over two years; and in 
 1816 he returned to Athens as a partner of Mr. William 
 Skinner, above named, and began a mercantile business 
 there, under the firm of John Perkins & Co., which con- 
 tinued some eight years, when it was dissolved, Mr. Per- 
 kins taking the stock on hand and continuing the business 
 in his own name; and from this time until 1873 '’6 en- 
 gaged exclusively in mercantile business, sometimes with 
 partners, though generally alone, but in 1848 he made a 
 change in the character of his trade into that of drugs and 
 medicines. In the year 1821 he married Mary Ann Hay, 
 of Cambridge, Washington county. New York. She was 
 born on the l6th of July, 1798. She had a good education, 
 and was a woman of intelligence and refinement. Some 
 lime after her marriage she became a member of the Presby- 
 terian Church, and so continued until her death, which oc- 
 curred on the 20th day of August, 1841. She left two 
 daughters: Mary Hay, born 23d of October, 1822, and who 
 died, after a long and painful disease, on the 8th of May, 
 1849; she was an ardent Christian and member of the Presby- 
 terian Church. The second daughter, Catharine Fitch, was 
 born 26th of March, 1825 ; she was married on the l8th of 
 September, 1845, Joseph M. Dana, of Athens, Ohio, 
 
 a highly respected and prominent citizen, and died in the 
 joyful hope of a blessed eternity, on the 28th of January, 
 1848. She left one son, John Perkins Dana, who grew up 
 under favorable circumstances, acquired a good education, 
 graduated at the Ohio University, and is now a practical 
 business man of unblemished character and upright princi- 
 ples. John Perkins married his second wife, Nancy Hamp- 
 ton, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on the 28lh of August, 
 1845. yhe was a native of London, England, and came to 
 America in infancy with her parents, in about the year 1810, 
 who settled in, or in the vicinity of, Philadelphia, where she 
 grew up, and continued to reside until her marriage with 
 Mr. Perkins. She was pious, and had many good traits of 
 character, became a member of the Episcopal Church in 
 early life, and so continued until her death, which occurred 
 on the 20lh of July, 1873. Perkins is habitually tem- 
 
 perate, using neither tobacco nor strong drink of any de- 
 scription ; is an early riser, and now, in the eighty-fifth year 
 of his age, is remarkably active and healthy, for all which 
 he sincerely thanks the Giver of all good. 
 
 [OYCE, DANFORTH IL, was born August loth, 
 1839. He is of English descent, the son of 
 Daniel N. Royce and Amanda Taylor. His 
 father came to Ohio in 1816, and married in 
 Worthington, Franklin county, in 1820. Dan- 
 forth H. was educated in the public schools of 
 Columbus, where his parents resided. After leaving school 
 he went to learn the trade of a machinist in the Little Miami 
 Railroad shops, working there for eleven years. In De- 
 cember of 1865 he accepted a position as foreman in the es- 
 tablishment of an agricultural machine company, which he 
 held until May ist, 1866, and left to accept the office of 
 President and Superintendent of the Franklin Machine 
 Company, which he had been active in organizing. As the 
 head of the Franklin Company, his technical knowledge and 
 business capacity have brought him into great prominence. 
 In the spring of 1875 he was nominated for Mayor of Co- 
 lumbus by the workingmen, but his large business interests 
 demanded his exclusive attention, and he was obliged to 
 decline the nomination. He is a member of the Knights 
 of Pythias, Odd P^ellows, and Red Men. Mr. Royce mar- 
 ried Sallie A. Curtis, February 2d, 1862, at Zanesville, Ohio. 
 
 V ifl HANSON L., Lawyer, was born on Indian 
 
 I Creek, Clermont county, Ohio, September i6ih, 
 
 Y III 1813. His father was engaged in milling and 
 fo ^ cjg farming. He resided with his parents until near 
 
 majority, employed in active manual labor, or 
 in securing such elementary education as was ob- 
 tainable at that time in the common schools of the country. 
 
BlOGRArillCAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 627 
 
 During this period he acquired those habits of industry and 
 the promptitude and energy, which were his chief character- 
 istics in after life. In 1835 he settled in Georgetown, 
 Brown county, and began the study of law under the guid- 
 ance of George W. King, a prominent and an able legal 
 practitioner. While thus pursuing his studies, he supported 
 himself by writing in the Clerk’s office. At the April term, 
 1S37, of the Supreme Court for Brown county, he was ad- 
 mitted to practise law in the various courts of the State. 
 Immediately after his admission he engaged in the practice 
 of his profession in partnership with Martin Marshall, of 
 Augusta, Kentucky, who was at that time attending the va- 
 rious courts of this county. On him then devolved the 
 labor of preparing cases, and transacting the entire office 
 business, a task which he performed with admirable exacti- 
 tude and ability. To the investigation of his cases he 
 brought a thorough knowledge of legal principles, a clear 
 and discriminating judgment, and indomitable energy. 
 This partnership continued five or six years, until M. Mar- 
 shall, owing to age and infirmity, was compelled to relin- 
 (juish his attendance at court. Erom this time until 1855 
 he continued in active practice, part of the time alone and 
 part of the time in partnership. He was then control- 
 ling an extensive business in the difl'erent counties of his 
 judicial district. Subsequently, his private business having 
 become so extensive as to require a great deal of attention, 
 he retired almost entirely from practice, appearing only in 
 important cases, and for his former clients. As the result 
 of his assiduous devotion to his profession and business he 
 amassed a handsome fortune. Also as a business man he 
 had few equals, and in every public improvement he was 
 ever foremost, while his means and his influence were never 
 withheld from any undertaking calculated to advance public 
 morality, or to promote the general welfare. No enterprise 
 in which he once heartily engaged ever failed to ultimately 
 achieve success, while to him more than to any other man 
 are the people of Brown county indebted for the public im- 
 provements which have been there carried to completion. 
 “ In him the needy and unfortunate ever found a friend, 
 and the poor man a benefactor. His ear was ever open to 
 hear the tale of want and woe, and his purse to relieve suf- 
 fering and distress.” Strong in will, resolute in purpose, he 
 was true in friendship, loyal even as an enemy. Beginning 
 life without means, and without the influence of powerful 
 friends, he won for himself not only a valuable estate, but a 
 high position among the professional and business men of 
 the community which honored and loved him. Until the 
 disintegration of the Whig party, he was intimately identi- 
 fied with its organization, and labored zealously to insure 
 its success. He was the President of the Whig State Con- 
 vention, held in Ohio in 1855, and when the Know-Nothing 
 organization came into being and absorbed so large a portion 
 of the Whig party, he refused to countenance the movement, 
 and constantly expressed his opposition to the new princi- 
 ]des advocated. In the great issue presented to the country 
 
 by the Nebraska bill, he took from the first a decided stand 
 in favor of its principles. He refused to participate in the 
 fusion which resulted in the formation of the Republican 
 party. In the Buchanan and Breckinridge campaign, his 
 party being disorganized, he attached himself to what he 
 believed to be the party of the Constitution and the Union, 
 and labored earnestly and efficiently to secure the success of 
 Democratic measures. During the canvass he traversed the 
 several counties of his Congressional district, and also various 
 counties in the adjoining State of Kentucky, in all of them 
 advocating his views with ardent fervor. “ No man in 
 southern Ohio did more for the triumph of Democratic 
 principles and the success of Democratic candidates than he. 
 The effect of his labors was seen in the result of the election. 
 This Congressional district was redeemed, and the Demo- 
 cratic candidate returned by a triumphant majority.” He 
 died, of erysipelas, in Georgetown, Brown county, Ohio, 
 June 29th, 1857, in his forty-fourth year. 
 
 AY, DEMING, W. IE, Soldier, Contractor, and 
 Lawyer, was horn, I'chruary 12th, 1832, in Pick- 
 away county, Ohio, and is the elde.st son of the 
 late Demvold G. and Ruth D.ay. His father, 
 who was a contractor, died when his eldest son 
 was twelve years old, and the latter was thus early 
 thrown on his own resources. He attended the public 
 school in Chillicothe, and subsecpiently became a .student in 
 the Western Liberal Industrial Institute at Marietta, and re- 
 ceived a diploma therefrom. He shortly afterwards became 
 a bookkeeper, and also attended the Commercial College in 
 Cincinnati, where he graduated with honor to himself and 
 the institution. He commenced the study of law with Tohn 
 and Ichabod Corwin. In 1854 he removed to Wood 
 county, Ohio, and being admitted to the bar, commenced 
 the practice of his profession in Bowling Green, being the 
 first lawyer in that place to open an office. He succeeded 
 in building up an extensive and lucrative practice, and prose- 
 cuted nearly all the criminal cases, including those of the 
 .State z's. Walter; .State vs. Franklin, for felonious assault, 
 the defendant being convicted, and sentenced to ten years’ 
 imprisonment ; and more recently in the Noble murder case 
 in 1876. During the war of the rebellion he entered the 
 service, and was elected Captain of Company K, tilth 
 Ohio Volunteers, and was identified with General Rosecrans’ 
 command. He participated in the pursuit of Morgan, dur- 
 ing the latter’s raid into the border States, in 1863, and on 
 July 19th of that year was at the battle of Baughton Island, 
 where 1200 of the guerillas were captured, and 83 officers. 
 These were taken to Camp Morgan, near Cincinnati, on 
 23d August following. When the 23d Army Corps was re- 
 organized, he was appointed Chief of Ordnance, on the 
 staff of General Hartzuf, and participated in the Knoxville 
 campaign. He was next placed in charge of all the sup)dy 
 
628 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP-EDIA. 
 
 trains of the 23d Army Corps, and was thus transferred from 
 the infantry to the Quartermaster’s Department. After this 
 corps was mustered out, in North Carolina, in 1865, he con- 
 tinued in the servdce as Assistant Chief Quartermaster of the 
 Department of North Carolina until the following year, when 
 he received the appointment of Quartermaster General of 
 Ohio, and .served as such through the administration of 
 Governor Co.x and a part of that of Governor Hayes. In 
 1868 he look the contract for building the Lunatic Asylum, 
 at Athens, Ohio, which he erected, and commenced also the 
 building of the Central Lunatic Asylum, at Columbus. He, 
 however, disposed of his interest in the latter contract, and 
 went to Chicago after the great fire in that city, where 
 he erected several large structures. He returued to 
 Bowling Green in the spring of 1S73, where he resumed 
 the practice of his profession. He has been a Republican 
 in politics, ever since the formation of that party. He was 
 married, June 6th, 1854, to Adelia A. Williams, and has 
 four children, two daughters and two sons, all living, viz., 
 Ellen Gertrude, Helen Mary, Frederick Williams, and 
 Rudolph Merriam. 
 
 ^Qyudlow, 
 
 J : (3 west Tei 
 4 1765, at 
 
 ISRAEL, First Surveyor of the North- 
 Territory, now Ohio, was born, in the year 
 Long Hill Farm, near Morristown, New 
 Q Jersey, where his father, Cornelius Ludlow, re- 
 sided. He was of English ancestry, his grand- 
 father having left Shropshire, England, at the time 
 of the restoration of the Stuarts, to escape the persecutions 
 of the crown, as the Ludlow family had espoused the cause 
 of the Parliament, and had taken a prominent part in the 
 affair's of the commonwealth. Sir Edmund Ludlow, the 
 head of the family at that time, was banished from England, 
 and died in exile at Vevay, Switzerland. In 1787 Israel 
 Ludlow received the following letter from the Surveyor- 
 General and Geographer of the United States : 
 
 To Israel Iaidi.ow, Esq. : 
 
 Dear Sir : I enclose an ordinance of Congress, of the 
 20th instant, by which you will observe they have agreed to 
 the sale of a large tract of land, which the New Jersey So- 
 ciety have contracted to purchase. As it will be necessai-y 
 to survey the boundary of this tract with all convenient 
 speed, that the United States may receive the jrayment for 
 the same, I propose to appoint you for that purpose, being 
 assured of your abilities, diligence and integrity. I hope 
 you will accept it, and desire you will furnish me with an 
 estimate of the expense, and inform me what moneys will 
 be necessary to advance to you to execute the same. 
 
 I am, dear sir, yours, 
 
 Thomas Hutchins, 
 Surveyor- General of the United States. 
 
 He accepted the appointment, received his instructions 
 and an order on the frontier posts for a sufficient escort to 
 enable him to prosecute the surveys ; but the extreme weak- 
 ness of the military force in the Northwest Territory-*-as 
 
 Ohio was then called — left him in a vei'y hazardous and ex- 
 posed condition. His great energy, bodily strength and 
 personal beauty, however, soon attracted the attention and 
 admiration of the Indians, and won friends and safety for 
 his little band, where the tomahawk and scalping-knife 
 would, but for these, have been used against them. There 
 are letters still preserved from General Joseph Harmer, ad- 
 dressed to Israel Ludlow, of date of 1787, and August 28th, 
 1788, which speak of the impossibility of affording him an 
 adequate escort, and of the danger of his pursuing the sur- 
 vey at that time ; but such danger and privations incurred 
 by him did not deter the prosecution of the work. 
 In 1789 he became associated with Mathias Denman and 
 Robert Patterson in the proprietorship — to the extent of one- 
 third — of the settlement about Fort Washington, which was 
 to be called by the whimsical name of Losantiville, a com- 
 pound word, intended to express “ the city opposite the 
 mouth of the Licking.” To it, however, was given the 
 more euphonious appellation of Cincinnati by Israel Ludlow, 
 in honor of the Cincinnati Society of revolutionary officers, 
 of which his father was a member, and which society was 
 much criticised at that time. Late in the autumn of 1789 
 Colonel Ludlow commenced a survey of the town, which 
 has since become the “ Queen City of the West.” In 1790 
 White’s, Covolt’s, and Ludlow Stations were created. The 
 latter was near the north line of the town plot of Cincinnati, 
 and a block-house was the first tenement erected there. As 
 the Indians had become very savage and ferocious, .strong 
 forts were built, and military placed therein for the protec- 
 tion of the few whites who had ventured to settle in their 
 neighborhood. So dangerous was the situation that persons 
 who ventured beyond a certain limit of these forts fell vic- 
 tims to the brutality and ferocity of the savages. In 1791 
 General .St. Clair s army was encamped at Ludlow Station, 
 along what is now called Mad Anthony street, and the 
 present site of the Presbyterian and Christian Churches. 
 Frpm thence, on September 17th, 1791, St. Clair proceeded 
 to the Big Miami, and erected Forts Hamilton and Jeffer- 
 son, and on November qlh following was fought the bloody 
 and unfortunate battle called “ St. Clair’s Defeat.” Israel 
 Ludlow, now Colonel Ludlow, pursued his surveys under 
 great difficulties, but completed them, and May 5th, 1792, 
 made a full report of the same, and of all the expenses in- 
 cident thereto, which W'ere accepted by Alexander Hamil- 
 ton, Secretary of the Treasury of the United St.Ues. In 
 December, 1794, he surveyed the plot of a town adjacent to 
 Fort Hamilton — hence the name — and was sole owmer. In 
 November, 1795, in conjunction with Generals St. Clair, 
 Dayton and Wilkinson, he founded the town of Dayton. 
 Previous to this, however. General Wayne had succeeded 
 General St. Clair — after the latter’s defeat — and prosecuted 
 the Indian war until its termination in 1795, when emigra- 
 tion commenced again, ami new towns and farms spread 
 through the yielding forest. On November lolh, 1796, 
 Colonel Ludlow married Charlotte, second daughter of 
 
• vw 
 
 * 
 
 »IVW ■“ * 
 
 k- 
 
 ‘j» m* 
 
i'ui (i Bulod,'' 
 
 ^.^.SoLC'^iAVTl. ^l.^. 
 
BIOGRArillCAL ENCVCLOr.-I' DIA. 
 
 629 
 
 General James Chambers, of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, 
 and on the 20lh of the same month they started on their 
 journey to Cincinnati. After a tedious ride over the moun- 
 tains they reached the Monongahela river, and descended 
 in a small boat to the vicinity of Pittsburgh, where theyem- 
 b irked on the water.s of the Ohio. Colonel Ludlow was 
 soon afterwards appointed to establish and survey the 
 boundary line between the United States and the Indian 
 Territory, agreeably to the treaty of Greenville, made by 
 General Wayne, in 1795, It was a most dangerous under- 
 taking, and while absent from Ludlow Station, which he 
 had made his residence, his wife was in constant dread of 
 hearing that some fatality had befallen his little party. In 
 fact she could not anticipate any happiness while separated 
 from her “ beloved Lt'dlovv,” as she calls him, especially 
 during his constant absence from the fort upon his arduous 
 duties. She writes to him in 1797 of her increased fear for 
 his safety, upon hearing that the Shawnees had appointed a 
 chief, unknown to him, to attend him ; and she urges him 
 not to relax his vigilance for one moment. Her distress of 
 mind can be better imagined than described when she 
 learned than he was unable to obtain an escort, and at the 
 same time knowing the gre.it importance of the boundary 
 being established, both to the government and to the set- 
 tlers. It is a fact that he made a great part of the surveys 
 with only three active woodsmen as spies, and to give him 
 notice of danger. He died in January, 1804, at his home at 
 Ludlow Station, after four days’ illness. The house still 
 remains in a good state of preservation, notwithstanding it is 
 now eighty-six years old ; and his great-grandchildren may 
 stand in the room where he died, and resolve to imitate his 
 virtues. He was not permitted to witness the wonderful 
 results of the enterprise to which his untiring industry was 
 directed in forwarding. That he had a prescience of its 
 importance is shown by his large entries of land in the re- 
 gion tributary to Cincinnati. Looking forward to a long 
 life, he felt his immediate object was to lay the broad foun- 
 dation of pecuniary fortune. Modesty was a well-known 
 trait of his character. \Vilh an eye quick to discern, and 
 energy to have applied, eveiy measure conducing to the 
 prosperity of the territory and the city, he was himself in- 
 different to his own political advancement, and willing to 
 wait until the fulfilment of his plans. Thus it is, without 
 legislative record of the facts, his name is not known in a 
 manner commensurate with his services to the infant colony 
 and youthful .State. He was no politician in the clamorous 
 sense of the term. He was a man for the times in which he 
 lived, and possessed a peculiar fitness for the capacious 
 sphere of his influence. His life was illustrated by a series 
 of practical benevolences, free from ostentation, and the 
 laudation of scarcely other than the recipients of his disin- 
 terested kindnesses. The shock created by the announce- 
 ment of his death was great. The inhabitants joined the 
 Masonic fraternity in paying the closing tribute of respect to 
 hi^ memory, and an oration was pronounced by Hon. John 
 
 Cleves Symmes. Among his many descend.ants may be 
 named : 
 
 Ludlow, General Benjamin Chambers, born in 1S36. 
 He studied medicine and graduated from Jefferson Medical 
 College, Philadelphia. He served with great gallantry in 
 many of the important battles during the late civil war, and 
 rose to the rank of Brevet Brigadier-General. He married 
 Frances Jones in 1873, has two sons, Israel and Ran- 
 dell. He is a resident of Austin, Texas. 
 
 Ludlow, Israel, Lawyer and Soldier, was born, 1840, 
 at Ludlow Station, near Cincinnati. He was educated at 
 Andover, Massachusetts, and Yellow Springs, Ohio. Dur- 
 ing the civil w’ar, he was an active participant, as Brevet 
 Captain in the 5th Regular United States Artillery, in the 
 battles of Shiloh (or Pittsburgh Landing), Perryville, Dog- 
 walk, luka. Stone River, Chickaniauga, Cold Harbor, and 
 the closing engagements around Petersburg. He was badly 
 wounded at Chickaniauga, captured, and confined in the 
 Libby Prison. After the war he studied law and practised 
 in Cincinnati, until failing health caused him to remove to 
 Texas, where he established a bank, which became one of 
 the most important in that "State. He was of commanding 
 appearance, and of genial manners; when once known he 
 was never forgotten. He died in 1873, greatly regretted by 
 all who knew him. 
 
 Ap-Jones, Ludlow, Lawyer, was born May 4tb, 1844, 
 and is a son of Charles A. and Charlotte (Ludlow) Jones. 
 He received a thorough collegiate education, and received 
 the diploma of Master of Arts from Harvard University. 
 He studied law and was duly admitted to practise, and is a 
 member of the bar of Cincinnati. He is also connected with 
 the Masonic and Odd Fellows orders, and is a member of 
 the Queen City Club of Cincinnati, and of the Society of 
 ex-Officers of the Army and Navy. He originated the 
 Cincinnati Societies of Natural History, and for the Preven- 
 tion of Cruelty to Animals. 
 
 ACKSON, HENRY LEVI, M. D., was born in 
 Russian Poland, on March 20th, 1836. His 
 father was also a Russian Pole, but his mother 
 came from Prussian Poland. His education was 
 limited on account of the customs of the country 
 and of the disabilities of Israelites. At a com- 
 paratively young age he left Russia and proceeded to 
 Germany, where he began the study of medicine. Later he 
 removed to England, where he continued his studies. Alter 
 a while, attracted by the opportunities the United States 
 offered, he came to this country, and on his arrival com- 
 menced the [ifaclice of his profession. In it he is still en- 
 gaged, practising with flattering success, as what is know n 
 
BIOGRAFIIICAL EXCYCLOIVRDIA. 
 
 630 
 
 as an eclectic physician. Having originally left Russia be- 
 cause of the tyranny of its military system, he naturally took 
 kindly to Republican institutions, and has been from his ar- 
 rival in America an earnest Republican, though he has 
 never held nor aspired to any public office. Indeed he 
 confines his whole attention closely to his profession. He 
 was married in 1861, in this country, to Henrietta Cush- 
 burg, a native of Prussian Poland. 
 
 ASEY, HON. JAMES Ik, one of the leading 
 business men of Cincinnali, was born in Coving- 
 ton, Kentucky, on November 29th, 1828. His 
 grandfather, Joseph Casey, was born in Baltimore 
 county, Maryland, and came of Irish stock, his 
 father being a native of Ireland ; he was a soldier 
 in the war of 1812, under Ceneral Harrison, and was one 
 of the few who escaped the massacre at Crawford’s defeat. 
 John B. Casey, the father of the subject of this sketch, is a 
 native of Kentucky, whither his people immigrated from 
 Pennsylvania during the latter part of the last centiiiy. He 
 is one of the oldest tobacco manufacturers in the West, and 
 is still living, at the age of seventy-five, partially retired, on 
 his fine farm south of Covington, Kentucky. He has filled 
 many responsible and honorable positions in the community, 
 and is now' surrounded by comfort and friends, and covered 
 with the honors of a well-spent life. His wife, nee Sally 
 McCasson, a member of one of the early pioneer fam- 
 ilies from Virginia, who settled in the “ Dark and Bloody 
 Cround,” came of Scotch extraction — her mother was a 
 Hamilton. James B. Casey, the subject of this sketch, re- 
 ceived his education in the schools of his native city and at 
 Center College, Danville, Kentucky. About the time of 
 his leaving college the Mexican war broke out, and, filled 
 with the spirit of adventure and patriotism, he enlisted in 
 the 31I Kentucky Regiment of Infantry, at the second call 
 for soldiers from Kentucky. That State offered the govern- 
 ment fifty regiments, but his was one of the few received. 
 At this time Mr. Casey was eighteen years of age. With 
 the rank of Lieutenant he served during the war, and was 
 mustered out at Louisville. His regiment contained a large 
 number of men who became noted characters during the 
 war of the rebellion. M. V. Thompson, ex-Covernor of 
 Kentucky, was Colonel, John C. Breckinridge was Major, 
 Thomas L. Crittenden, Union Ceneral in the rebellion, was 
 I.ieiitenant-Colonel. Besides these there were Leonidas 
 Metcalf, who was a colonel in the Union army, Thomas 
 Taylor, who became a general in the Confederate army, and 
 Whittaker, who was a general in the Federal ranks. After 
 returning from the war, young Casey spent several years in 
 his father’s dry-goods house in Covington. In 1853 he 
 started the same business for himself in that city. There, 
 too, in 1852, he was married to Imcy A. Marshall, daughter 
 
 of John Mar.shall, brother of Ceneral Thomas Marshall, 
 who commanded a brigade, chiefly of Kentucky troops, in 
 the war with Mexico. The Marshalls constitute one of the 
 oldest, most able and distinguished families of Kentucky. 
 In 1862 Mr. Casey began the manufacture of tobacco, but 
 did not wholly relinquish his connection with the dry-goods 
 business until two years afterwards. He had quite early 
 had experience in the tobacco business with his father. 
 From this date his connection with the tobacco trade has 
 remained unbroken. In 1864 he opened a commission 
 house in Cincinnati, and in 1867 he bought into the old 
 Morris warehouse, where his tobacco interest now is under 
 the firm-name of Casey, Timberlake & Co. The business 
 of this house has become very large and lucrative. Since 
 the time of his commencing, in 1862, the tobacco trade has 
 grown to be one of the valuable interests of Cincinnali. 
 He is one of the five members of the Tobacco Board of 
 Trade, and is Vice-President of that body. In 1865 he was 
 a delegate from Cincinnati to the Tobacconists’ National 
 Convention at Washington City, where he took a prominent 
 part in the doings of the Convention. He has, too, been 
 actively concerned in legislation favorable to the tobacco 
 interest of the Ohio valley. In 1871 he was elected with 
 trilling opposition, from Covington, to fill Mr. Carlisle’s un- 
 expired term of two years in the Kentucky State Senate. 
 He had been previously mainly instrumental in the nomi- 
 nation of Mr. Carlisle for the Lieutenant-Covernorship, and 
 now his own position and that of the I.ieutenant-Covernor, 
 Carlisle (as Speaker of the Senate), secured the charter for 
 the Southern Railroad, his own vote making a tie, and the 
 Speaker’s deciding in favor of the act. The objectionable 
 features of this bill, being a necessity admitted by its friends 
 for its passage, were afterwards removed. At the expiration 
 of his term he was importuned to accept the nomination of 
 his party for the regular term in the State Senate. At this 
 time he was also urged to make the race for Congress in his 
 district, but all these testimonials of popular favor, business 
 necessities and general disinclination induced him to de- 
 cline. He has since, however, been a member of the Cov- 
 ington City Council. Mr. Casey is now in the prime of life, 
 an active, liberal-spirited, genial member of society, a man 
 of large executive and business ability, and must certainly 
 be classed among those who leave the world better for their 
 having lived in it. 
 
 c/p CONNER, STEPHEN, M. D., Physician, was 
 September l8th, 1808, in Mount Charles, 
 of Donegal, Ireland. He left home in 
 1824 for America, and at first landed in Canada, 
 whence he worked his way via the lakes and 
 across Ohio to Cincinnati. Having resolved to 
 study medicine, he entered the Transylvania University, at 
 I.exington, Kentucky, at that time the first educational in- 
 stitution in the West. He graduated therefrom in 1833, 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPHiDIA. 
 
 and at once engaged in the practice of his profession. In 
 1S41 his brother, Dr. Hugh Bonner, of Cincinnati, died, 
 and Dr. Stephen Bonner succeeded to his practice, and 
 during the remainder of his life was one of the most 
 faithful and esteemed physicians in that city. He was 
 an earnest and zealous member of the Roman Catholic 
 Church ; the medical attendant and intimate friend of Arch- 
 bishop Purcell, and filled the position of Attendant Physi- 
 cian at the seminaries of Mount St. Mary, Notre Dame, 
 Cedar Grove and others. lie also filled for several years 
 the position of a Director of the House of Refuge. Pie was 
 a most charitable man, attending the poor without expecta- 
 tion of any pecuniary consideration. He was married, 
 October 22d, 1835, to Lucy, daughter of Major Hanly, of 
 Jessamine county, Kentucky, who survives him. Of the 
 eleven children, which once composed his family, seven 
 are now living, his eldest son. Dr. S. P. Bonner, having 
 died a year previous to his father, from consumption con- 
 tracted during his army career, while Surgeon of the 2d 
 Regiment of Kentucky Infantry. Another son is Rev. 
 John Bonner, of St. Philomena Church. Dr. .Stephen Bon- 
 ner died in 1876. 
 
 ^|OMBACII, MATTHEW, Capitalist, was born, 
 September, 1811, in Naikirch, Black P'orest, 
 Baden, Germany. He is the youngest of four 
 children of Charles and P'rancesca Rombach, 
 both of whom were born and died in Baden. 
 His father, Charles Rombach, was the son of a 
 firmer owning large landed estates at Naikirch, and who 
 in the earlier years of his manhood was employed in 
 various offices of trust and honor recognized by German 
 laws and pertaining to the proper management of a Ger- 
 man country seat. The elder Mr. Rombach was married 
 at the age of forty-two years, about which time he engaged 
 in merchandising, and subsequently carried on the manu- 
 facture of clocks. He was a successful merchant and 
 manufacturer, and a highly respected citizen in the com- 
 munity in which he lived. Young Matthew was reared on 
 a farm until he was sixteen years of age, at which time he 
 was placed by his father in a clock manufactory to learn 
 the trade, which branch of mechanics he pursued until the 
 time of his departure for America. When about nineteen 
 years of age, in the year 1830, he and three others, young 
 men of his neighborhood, resolved to bid adieu to the 
 fatherland ancl try their fortunes in the new world. After 
 arrangements had been perfected and passports obtained 
 for the party, his companions were persuaded to abandon 
 their proposed journey. Mr. Rombach, with characteristic 
 resolution, was unshaken in his purpose. His father, un- 
 willing that one of so little experience should set out alone 
 to incur the dangers and privations of a voyage to the new 
 world, and hoping to foil his son in his determination to go, 
 refused to furnish him with the necessary pecuniary aid. 
 
 631 
 
 Thus thrown upon his own resources, Matthew collected 
 his limited means together, amounting to about seventy 
 dollars, and, bidding farewell to friends and the home of 
 his childhood, started on the long journey that should 
 bring him the after experiences of life in America.' Inured 
 to hardships, and wishing to husband his means as far as 
 possible, he walked through France on his way to London, 
 a distance of almost six hundred miles, eating but two 
 meals a day and making the distance of from thirty six to 
 fifty miles. Arriving at London he remained about ten 
 days, then took steerage passage in an American sail 
 vessel bound for New York. He contracted for passage at 
 twenty-one dollars, and boarded with the sailors for an ad- 
 ditional sum of twenty-one dollars. He proceeded almost 
 immediately from New York to Philadelphia, and when he 
 arrived at the latter place found his means reduced to the 
 small sum of seven dollars, The next day after his arrival 
 at Philadelphia he found employment at his trade with a 
 German to whom he had been recommended by friends in 
 the old country. Remaining in Philadelphia about six 
 months, and not succeeding as well as he wished, he deter- 
 mined to push farther west, and located at Lancaster, Ohio. 
 Here he again set up in the clock business, which he con- 
 tinued for about nine months, then, in the latter part of 
 
 1831, again changed his place to Cincinnati. Here he kept 
 boarding house until the cholera of 1832 compelled him, 
 for want of business and safety, to close the same. In July, 
 
 1832, at Cincinnati, he married Catharine Kautz, a native 
 of Baden, Germany, by whom he has one child, a daughter, 
 wife of General J. W. Denver, of Washington, District of 
 Columbia. Having by industry and frugality accumulated 
 some means, he purchased a small farm in Brown county, 
 Ohio, to which he removed and cultivated for some two 
 years. Visiting New Orleans in the year 1835, and having 
 a good opportunity to engage in business, he determined to 
 remove to that place. Having sold his stock, rented his 
 farm and proceeded as far as Cincinnati, his wife being dis- 
 satisfied to go to New Orleans, he changed his purpose and 
 moved to Wilmington, Clinton county, Ohio, where he has 
 since resided. His first two years in Wilmington were de- 
 voted to hotel keeping. In 1837 he sold his farm in Brown 
 county and purchased a farm in Clinton county, near Wil- 
 mington; he also opened a bakeiy and confectionery, which 
 he conducted for several years, at the same time partly 
 giving his attention to trading and farming. Since 1845 
 he has greatly prospered in his business pursuits, devoting 
 himself to farming and stock-raising, and looking after his 
 numerous investments in bank stocks and the stocks of 
 various other corporations. At this time he is a large 
 stockholder in and Vice-President of the Clinton County 
 National Bank, of Wilmington, Ohio. He is known as 
 one of the substantial business men and capitalists of the 
 State; a man of temperate habits, energy, perseverance and 
 integrity. Though not a politician, and never seeking 
 political preferment, he has always acted with the Demo- 
 
632 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 cratic parly. He was brought up a Catholic, his parents 
 being ilevout members of that church; and while liberal in 
 his religious views, and a generous contributor to the build- 
 ing up and support of other churches, with the natural ten- 
 dency of mankind he adheres to the faith of his early 
 education. 
 
 ’INKSON, BENJAMIN, Lawyer and Farmer, was 
 born, December 27th, 1800, near Cynthiana, 
 Kentucky. He is the third of eleven children of 
 Thomas Hinkson and Elizabeth Foos. Thomas 
 Hinkson was a native of Pennsylvania, a farmer, 
 an officer under Generals Wayne and Harmar in 
 the early Indian campaigns, and an officer under General 
 Harrison in the war of 1812. Thomas Hinkson settled in 
 Clinton county, Ohio, in 1806, was one of the first asso- 
 ciate judges of that county and a colonel in the militia. 
 He died in 1832. Elizabeth Foos Hinkson, a native of 
 Tennessee, died in 1855. The subject of this sketch did 
 farm work until he was fifteen years of age, attending the 
 county school during the winter months. In 1S16 he went 
 in the office of the Clerk of Fayette county, where he acted 
 as Deputy for two years. P'or the next two years he at- 
 tended Chillicothe Academy, where he spent two years, 
 reading law in the meantime under Colonel Henry Brush, 
 ui Chillicothe. In 1820 Mr. Hinkson was admitted to the 
 bar, .and opened an office in Wilmington, Clinton county, 
 where he practised until 1834. In the fall of 1S26 he was 
 elected to the Legislature, where he served through five 
 terms, until, the winter of 1834, he was elected Secre- 
 tary of State for three years. In 1836 he was elected 
 Judge of the Seventh Judicial Circuit, remaining on the 
 bench for seven years. In 1843 returned to the practice 
 of his profession at Wilmington, where he was actively 
 engaged until 1858, when impaired health obliged him to 
 retire from active practice. He sought rest and recupera- 
 tion on his farm, in Wilson township, where he has since 
 lived. In the war of 1812 Mr. Hinkson .served for about 
 eight months, and now draws a pension as an old defender. 
 He cast his first vote for Henry Clay. He now acts with 
 the Democratic party. September 15th, 1825, Mr. Hink- 
 son married Mary A. Welsh, a native of New York, who 
 died in 1827, leaving one child. 
 
 ^i^OLLETT, HON. JOHN FASSETT, Lawyer, was 
 horn, February i8th, 1833, in the State of Ver 
 mont, and is a son of John F. Follett, who re- 
 moved, in 1838, to Ohio, where he settled on a 
 farm in Licking county; of his nine children, 
 three are engaged in the practice of the law, one 
 of whom is Judge Charles Follett, of Newark, and the 
 
 other Martin D. Follett, of Marietta. The family is an old 
 New England one, and some of them were prominent 
 actors in the colonial movements, and subsequently in the 
 war of the Revolution ; their many descendants are now 
 dispersed throughout the Union. The younger John was 
 prepared for college at Granville, and entered Marietta 
 College, whence he graduated, at the head of his class, in 
 1855. After leaving this institution he was for one year 
 Principal of the High School at Columbus, and previously 
 for the same period of time a teacher in the Asylum for the 
 Blind. Having jireviously chosen the law for his profes- 
 sion, he employed all his leisure time during these two 
 years in a course of legal study; after which he entered his 
 brother’s office in Newark, Ohio, and w.as admitted to the 
 bar in that town in 1858. He then formed a partnership 
 with his brother, which continued until 1868, when he re- 
 moved to Cincinnati. In 1865 he was elected to a seat in 
 the State Legislature, and in 1867 was re-elected; he was 
 made Speaker of the House, having been nominated by the 
 Democrats by acclamation. Since locating in Cincinnati 
 he has abandoned all political aspirations and devoted his 
 entire energies to his profession, where he justly ranks as 
 one of the first men of his age at the bar. He is not a 
 specialist, but gives his attention to gener.al practice, having 
 been prominently concerned in many important causes in 
 all branches of the law. He was married in 1866 to 
 Frances D., daughter of Professor John Dawson, of the 
 Starling Medical College, at Columbus, and brother of Dr. 
 \V. W. Dawson, of Cincinnati. 
 
 OLLIER, OLIVER S., Lawyer, was born. May 
 l6th, 1817, in Perry township, Lawrence county, 
 Ohio, and is the eighth of fourteen children 
 whose parents were James and Martha (Baker) 
 Collier. His father was of English and Welsh 
 lineage, a native of Virginia, and a farmer by 
 occupation, who removed to Ohio in 1806, and was a 
 pioneer in the section where he located; he was a Justice 
 of the Peace in Perry township for a number of years, and 
 where he died in October, 1858, having survived his wife 
 but one month. The latter was a native of Ashe county. 
 North Carolina, and of English and Irish descent. Oliver 
 worked on a farm until he was eighteen years old, attend- 
 ing school in the winter. He was next employed in an 
 iron works, where he labored for eight years, and his 
 leisure hours were passed in general reading and study. In 
 1843 he returned to a farmer’s life, which he followed for 
 about four years, and then commenced reading medicine. 
 For eighteen months he was so engaged, and then aban- 
 doned the pursuit. During the winters of 1849 and 1851 
 he was engaged in teaching school. In 1850 he com- 
 menced the study of law in the office of John M. Clark, a 
 prominent attorney of Gallia county, Ohio, and practised 
 
BIOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 633 
 
 before justices of the peace until 1855, when, having passed 
 the requisite examination, he was admitted to the bar, and 
 at once entered upon the practice of his profession at Iron- 
 ton, where he continued until 1865, when he removed to 
 Ceredo, Virginia, where he continued his legal pursuits for 
 six years. In 1871 he returned to Ironton, where he has 
 since resided and has established a successful and lucrative 
 practice. He has never sought nor held any public office 
 whatever. Politically he is a Democrat, but at an earlier 
 day was a ^Vhig, having voted for William II. Harrison. 
 His religious faith is that held by the Baptists. He is a 
 man of unquestionable integrity and of genial manners, and 
 is painstaking, laborious and conscientious in his profession. 
 He was married. May 30th, 1843, Rebecca, daughter of 
 James Gibson, an early settler of Lawrence county, Ohio. 
 
 UTLER, GEORGE WASHINGTON, M. D., 
 Physician and Surgeon, was born, December 
 27th, 1821, in Wellsburg (now West) Virginia, 
 and is a son of the late Dr. Joseph and Eliza- 
 beth (Graynel Butler. His father emigrated to 
 Canada in early life and practised medicine in 
 Quebec and Montreal, and about 1806 returned to the 
 St.ites, where he married and subsequently removed to 
 Wellsburg, Virginia, where he continued his professional 
 pursuits for upwards of twenty years, being known as an 
 able physician. After his death his widow and family, 
 consisting of four children, removed to Holmes county, 
 Ohio, where she remained until her death, in 1838. 
 George was first educated in the school which his'mother 
 had kept in Wellsburg for seven years; and he then at- 
 tended the common school until he was eighteen years old, 
 finishing his studies in a select school, where he passed a 
 year. He commenced the study of medicine with Dr. H. 
 I.. Jeffers, of Nashville, Holmes county, Ohio, and finished 
 his readings with Drs. Oldfield and Cunningham, of Lick- 
 ing county. He subsequently graduated at the New York 
 Medical College, in 1855. He commenced the practice of 
 medicine in 1844 at Alton, nine miles west of Columbus, 
 where he remained until 1870, when he removed to the 
 wider field of the State capital, where he now resides, en- 
 gaged in the control of an extensive practice. In 1857 he 
 performed a rare and critical operation, the subject recover- 
 ing, and is still living. One James O. ILarren, while en- 
 gaged in harrowing, fell beneath the timber frame, and his 
 chest wxs torn open by the iron teeth, filling the cavity and 
 his lungs with earth, etc. Dr. Butler w.as immediately 
 summoned, and, having enlarged the opening, removed the 
 foreign substances from the wound, washed the exposed 
 viscera, replaced the lung in its proper position, and the 
 patient is now living in good health — a proof of the sur- 
 geon’s skill. During the war of the rebellion he was 
 frequently solicited to fill appointments, but invariably de- 
 80 
 
 dined. He was married in 1842 to Harriet Prouty, by 
 whom he was the father of five children, of whom two only 
 survive; his wife died in 1855. He was a second time 
 united in marriage, in 1856, to Margaret Clover, of _ 
 Indiana, who is still living. This union has resulted in 
 one son. 
 
 )) 0 \YRY, THOMAS, M. D., was born on Decem- 
 ber 23d, 1820, in Donegal county, Ireland, the 
 younger of the two children of James and Mary 
 (Campbell) Lowry. His father followed agricul- 
 tural pursuits through life, and came to America 
 in 1839; after four years in New York he moved 
 to Pike county, Ohio, where he died in 1846; his wife died 
 in 1848. Thomas obtained his early education in the best 
 schools of his native county, and while quite young began 
 reading medicine in Donegal county, Ireland. He con- 
 tinued reading for three years, and graduated with honor in 
 1839 from the famous University of Glasgow, Scotland. In 
 the same year he came to America, and practised success- 
 fully for about three years in New York. Then he passed 
 a few months travelling in Europe, and returning settled, in 
 the spring of 1844, at Waverly, Pike county, Ohio. There, 
 with, the exception of a year’s practice in Philadelphia, he 
 has since followed his profession with marked succe.ss. He 
 has contributed articles on medical topics to the Medical 
 .Society of Pike County, of which he has been a member 
 since its first organization, and for years a leading officer. 
 His practice is general, and his reputation as a surgeon is 
 high. A Democrat in political faith, but broadly liberal in 
 his political and religious views, and a man of attractive 
 and sterling qualities, he enjoys the confidence and esteem 
 of a large circle. He was married in December, 1833, to 
 Margaret Campbell, a native of Donegal county, Ireland. 
 On the outbreak of the war, in 1861, he recruited Company 
 I, 56th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served with 
 the command for about seventeen months, participating in 
 the great battles of Fort Donelson, Pittsburgh Landing and 
 Corinth. He resigned in 1863, on account of sickness 
 
 ||OO.S, MATHIAS, Merchant, was born in Baden, 
 Germany, August nth, 1814; came with his 
 parents to America in 1833, and at first located 
 in Sandusky, Ohio, where the family remained a 
 year. In the following year his father entered 
 a tract of land near the town of Uiqicr .Sandusky 
 (now Fremont), to which the family subsequently removed, 
 and where Mathias remained for two years assisting his 
 father in clearing and opening the farm ; but, having be- 
 come dissatisfied with the ])lace on account of its imhealth- 
 fulness, he returned to Sandusky in 1836, and shortly 
 
634 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 afterwards commenced to work in a bakery, where he con- 
 tinued for a year. In 1837 he decided to change to Toledo, 
 then a new town, and he resumed his vocation as a baker, 
 being employed by John J. P'ogelson for two years. In 
 1838 he began the same business on his own account, his 
 bakery being located on Summit street, near Perry, where 
 he pursued it for five years. Having become acquainted 
 with Lyman Wheeler, he formed a copartnership with him 
 in 1842, which continued for over twenty-two years. They 
 first opened a ship chandlery and supply store on the dock, 
 and shortly afterwards started a rectifying establishment on 
 Monroe street. In 1847 they disposed of the store on the 
 dock, and gave their entire attention to the rectifying busi- 
 ness, which was prosperous and gradually increased. In 
 1865, owing to Wheeler’s impaired health, the copartner- 
 ship was dissolved ; Wheeler died about two years thereafter. 
 The business has since been continued by the remaining 
 partner, and he has associated his eldest son, William 
 11 . Boos, with him. He is still in the prime of life, and 
 his character as a straightforward business man and kind 
 neighbor is proverbial. He has never held any public 
 office, nor has he taken any active part in political ques- 
 tions. He was married, July 21st, 1840, in Toledo, to 
 Margaret Kimball, and he is the father of seven children, 
 of whom four are now living. 
 
 LTNN, HOMER SUMMERFIELD, M. D., was 
 born in Highland county, near Eallsville, Ohio, 
 February 28th, 1839. His father. Rev. Dr. Isaac 
 Quinn, was both a clergyman and a medical prac- 
 titioner. To Isaac and Cynthia Quinn were born 
 nine children, of whom the subject of this sketch 
 was the youngest. He received his early education in the 
 country school of the neighborhood, but completed his 
 scholastic labors at Greenfield Seminary. Upon leaving 
 Greenfield, he for a time followed the avocation of a farmer, 
 meanwhile in his leisure hours devoting his attention to the 
 study of medicine. His medical course was finished under 
 the direction of his brother. Dr. J. H. Quinn, and in 1862 
 he commenced the active practice of his chosen profession 
 at Jefferson, Madison county, where he has continued to 
 reside. As a physician Dr. Quinn has built up an exten- 
 sive and remunerative practice, with a reputation for 
 thorough medical erudition and sound practical reliability. 
 A Democrat in politics, he has held quite a number of local 
 offices, and has several times been prominently mentioned 
 as the candidate of his party in the county for member of 
 the State Legislature. Of fine personal appearance and ex- 
 cellent conversational powers, the doctor is socially as well 
 as professionally and politically one of Madison’s most 
 prominent citizens. He was married, April 27th, 1870,10 
 Bettie Putnam, daughter of the late Horace Putnam, at one 
 time Treasurer of Madison county. 
 
 OCKE, DAVID ROSS, popularly known as “ Pe- 
 troleum V. Nasby,” was born in Union, Broome 
 county, New York, in February, 1833. His 
 father followed the trade of shoemaker, and at 
 that time was far from being in comfortable cir- 
 cumstances. He had few opportunities for attend- 
 ing school, his assistance being required in providing for 
 the support of the family, and the education he now 
 possesses was secured by self-directed study and close 
 application. He learned the printer’s trade at Cortland, 
 New York, and after remaining in that place a few years, 
 travelled to Pittsburgh, thence to Cleveland, and subse- 
 quently to interior towns of Ohio of less importance, until 
 1855. During this period he became familiar with all the 
 phases of journalistic labor, and had acquired an experience 
 which ably cpialified him for the important career upon 
 which he was about to enter. In 1855 he became editor 
 and proprietor of the Mansfield Herald, with which he was 
 connected until 1862, when he assumed charge of the 
 Hancock Jeffersonian. About this time he first employed 
 the nom de plume of “ Petroleum V. Nasby,” under which 
 he has become famous. In 1866 he became connected with 
 the Toledo Blade, and still contributes to its editorial col- 
 umns, though he some time since retired from its editorship. 
 He is now associated with the advertising agency firm of 
 Bates & Locke, No. 34 Park Row, New York. Mr. 
 Locke’s political affiliations have been with the Whig and 
 Republican parties. Of the latter he has become one of 
 the most influential members, and has, perhaps, aided it 
 more practically through his incisive caricatures of the 
 opposition, in his illustrations of the “ Cross-Roads,” than 
 any other journalist. “ Nasby ” was heard of during the 
 war and jumped into popularity at his debut. The piquant 
 humor of his descriptions was heightened by his amusingly 
 defective orthography, a result which has not been as 
 happily effected by imitators, of whom scores sprang at 
 once into existence, and dropped almost as rapidly into 
 evanescence. Mr. Locke possessed a native, not a labori- 
 ously acquired art for presenting political situations in the 
 clearest and most unmistakable manner, through the media 
 of facetious narratives of the political events at the “ Con- 
 federate Cross-Roads.” His wit was maiitly directed against 
 the Democracy, and party measures and party fallacies were 
 traced, in their consequences at the “ Roads,” under the 
 administration of Nasby, Bascom, Pogram, McPhelter, cr a/. 
 The most popular of his recent travesties was, peihaps, that 
 which hit off the position of the party on the currency 
 ([uestion. Like all his former productions, it was copied 
 into nearly all the papers of the countiy, and was also 
 issued in pamphlet form, and had an immense sale. In all 
 his political humorous writings, his effort was to show 
 through the farce an actual drama, and there has been no 
 man connected with modern American journalism who 
 possessed a greater degree of talent in this direction than 
 Mr. Locke. Nasby secured a world-wide reputation, and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EN'CYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 thousands made his acquaintance where only hundreds met 
 Locke. The modem country politician, poor to ragged- 
 ness, in whose estimation a village postmastership was ely- 
 siuin, who aped distinction, however low, in the civil scale, 
 and willing to resort to any scheme to obtain it, was his 
 prototype, and the caricatures drawn by Mr. Locke rarely 
 did him injustice in a single trait of morals or physique. 
 Of recent years he has been recognized as one of our most 
 popular lecturers. His oral narratives, his spoken wit, and 
 humorous delineations, generally in the discussion of politi- 
 cal themes, are exceedingly enjoyable, and seem to catch 
 the fancy of the lecture-attending public much more rapidly 
 than the discourses of speakers divested of humor altogether. 
 He has lectured in all the principal cities of the continent, 
 and has everywhere been welcomed by very large audiences. 
 In 1868 he was tendered the Postmastership of Toledo, but 
 declined the offer, preferring to give his attention entirely 
 to the duties of a journalist and private citizen. Within the 
 p.ast few months, Mr. Locke, with Mr. Bates, his previous 
 partner, have associated themselves with Mr. Yost, the in- 
 ventor of the great American Type Writer, in the proprie- 
 torship of that new labor-saving machine, and should time 
 and experience realize all that is hoped from it, possibly 
 his connection with that may not prove a less foundation 
 for his future remembrance than his “Nasby” letters, of 
 which he is very sanguine. He was married in 1S54. 
 
 TEPHAN, ANDREW, Brewer, was born in Bava- 
 ria, Germany, November 9th, 1816, and received 
 a common school education. He was apprenticed 
 to the tanning trade, and served three years. 
 Thereafter he went to Strasburg, Lyons, Bezan- 
 con, Dijon, Paris, and Havre-de-Grace, working 
 at his business in all. Emigrating to America, he arrived 
 July 24th, 1836, and worked as a journeyman for John 
 Smith, of Milan, Ohio, for the small remuneration of seven- 
 teen dollars per month. At the end of six months he began 
 business for himself in company with A. Zahm. This co- 
 partnership existed for seven years, when he sold out and 
 moved, in 1842, to Maumee City, then the large city of the 
 Maumee Valley, built a tannery, commenced business, and 
 carried it on until 1850. Then he moved to Toledo, and 
 started the same business in connection with John M. Col- 
 lins, who was unfortunately killed in the machinery during 
 the fir-st year of the partnership. This accident compelled 
 him to close up the business, and in the spring of 1853 he 
 converted the tannery into a brewery, in the conduct of 
 which he continued in association with P. Lenk until the 
 fall of 1857, when he sold out his interest. In the fall of 
 the same year he purchased of J. Kohler the site on which 
 his brewery now stands. The building then on it was 
 small, but he has enlarged it from year to year, until he has 
 now one of the most complete breweries in the city. In 
 
 (^35 
 
 1861 he received the appointment of Collector of the Port 
 from President Lincoln, and held the position until 1864, 
 when he resigned. He has always taken a deep intere.st 
 in the development of Toledo, and in 1869 was elected 
 Councilman from the First ward, representing that constit- 
 uency faithfully and ably for four years. In the same year 
 he was elected Treasurer of Lucas county, and occupied 
 that jiost most acceptably for four years. Since that lime 
 he has devoted himself exclusively to his own business. In 
 politics he was a Whig, and is now a Republican, taking an 
 active part in the movements of his party. He was mar- 
 ried, in 1837, to Elizabeth Zahm. 
 
 ISHER, SAMUEL SPARKS, Lawyer, was born, 
 Ajjril nth, 1832, in .St. Joseph county, Michigan. 
 His father was Dr. James C. Eisher, son of the 
 Rev. Samuel Eisher, D. D., a prominent Presby- 
 terian clergyman, and Alice Coggswell, who 
 came of a well-known Connecticut family. Dr. 
 James C. Fisher married Eliza Sparks, daughter of Samuel 
 .Sparks, a shipping merchant of Philadelphia, who did good 
 service in the war of 1812, reaching the rank of major. 
 Sopn after graduating in New York city, Dr. Fisher married 
 and went West, returning to the East shortly after the birth 
 of the subject of this sketch. Samuel Sparks Fisher spent 
 the earlier 'years of his childhood in New York city, where 
 his father was for some time professor of chemistry in the 
 University of New York. He very early developed an 
 unusual taste for chemistry, in theory and in practice, and 
 gave frequent exhibitions of the mechanical genius which, 
 in his professional life, was so eminently serviceable to him. 
 He spent many of his hours in his father’s laboratory, 
 eagerly laying hold of whatever knowledge came in his 
 way, and often experimenting with a success wonderful for 
 his years. He took readily to books. It is said that he 
 could read the Bible fluently when he was four years old. 
 When Samuel was seven years old he went to Virginia with 
 his father, who had accepted the superintendency of a gold 
 mine in that State. Remaining there one year the family 
 returned to New York, Dr. Fisher becoming connected 
 with Professor Morse in his electro magnetic experiments. 
 Samuel took great delight in these experiments, and gained 
 a practical insight into the workings of Morse’s great inven- 
 tion. The boy was stimulated, encouraged, and aided in 
 his search for knowledge by his father, a man of unusual 
 culture. In 1841, when .Samuel had reached the age of 
 nine years, he was placed in charge of his grandparents, at 
 Bloomfield, New Jersey, where he attended school for one 
 year. He was then sent to the preparatory school at West 
 Point, for the benefit of the peculiar discipline of that in- 
 stitution. At the end of a year he rejoined his father’s 
 family, which had located at Philadelphia. He entered a 
 grammar school and was progressing rapidly, when he con- 
 
636 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 ceived the idea of entering mercantile life, and asked to be 
 placed in a store. Two years as a boy in various establish- 
 ments sufficed to prove to him and his family that his voca- 
 tion did not lay in that line. He returned to the grammar 
 school and applied his time and energy to his studies. At 
 the age of fifteen years he entered the Philadelphia High 
 School, taking rank at the head of his class. Here he 
 made rapid progress, developing considerable talent for 
 oratory and drawing, both of which natural gifts he im- 
 proved and afterwards made of practical service. In addi- 
 tion to his school work he produced some creditable prose 
 and poetry, which was published in the newspapers. Eeb- 
 ruary 13th, 1851, at the age of nineteen years, he graduated 
 from the high school, his position as head of his class en- 
 titling him to deliver the honorary address. Shortly before 
 graduating he was one of two scholars, chosen for profi- 
 ciency in phonography, to report an important law case in 
 which Francis Wharton, an eminent lawyer of Philadelphia, 
 was interested. Mr. Wharton was so well pleased with 
 their work that he offered the young men an opportunity to 
 read law in his office, and both accepted. During the three 
 years Mr. Fisher passed in Mr. Wharton’s office he taught 
 one year as an assistant professor in the high school and 
 two years in charge of a private school. In 1854 he went 
 to Cincinnati, where he continued his law studies in the law 
 office of Taft, Keys & Peri-y, remaining with this firm until 
 his admission to the bar. He turned his attention to patent 
 law, a special practice for which he had rare qualifications. 
 Business came to him plentifully, and it was not many years 
 before his practice was so large in the East that he was 
 obliged to associate with him General Samuel A. Duncan, 
 who took charge of the New York office of the firm. Mr. 
 I'isher achieved a national reputation as an acute lawyer, 
 an honest counsellor, and an advocate with few equals. 
 Mr. Justice Blatchford, of New York, once said in open 
 court that he was “ the best patent lawyer in the United 
 States.” October 2d, 1856, he married Aurelia Crossette, 
 in Morris county. New Jersey. The two were joined by 
 the bride’s father. Rev. Robert Crossette. When the Con- 
 federate army invaded Ohio Mr. Phsher responded to the 
 call for hundred days’ men. He joined the service. May 
 2d, 1864, as Colonel of the 138th Regiment Ohio National 
 Guards. The regiment proceeded South in haste, arriving 
 at Fort Spring Hill, opposite Point of Rocks, on Sunday, 
 June 19th. After a m.onth pf active service with the Army 
 of the James, it was ordered to Cherrystone Inlet, eastern 
 .shore of Virginia, and he was directed to assume command 
 of all the land forces. In this responsible place he dis- 
 charged his duties with the zeal and fidelity which marked 
 him through life. Having served four months, his regiment 
 was mustered out at Camp Dennison. Shortly after his re- 
 turn home he reluctantly yielded to the solicitation of Gen- 
 eral J. D. Cox, President Grant’s first Secretary of the In- 
 terior, and accepted the Commissionership of Patents. His 
 associates in the bureau give abundant testimony of the 
 
 reforms which he inaugurated, and the enthusiasm and 
 efficiency with which he performed his duties. At the 
 earnest request of the President he held the Commissioner- 
 ship of Patents for some time after Secretary Cox retired 
 from the cabinet. Returning to Cincinnati he found his 
 professional services more in request than ever. His prac- 
 tice continued to grow until his sudden taking off. On the 
 1st of August, 1874, with his bright son Robbie, then in his 
 eleventh year, he started from Elmira to make a canoe 
 voyage to Philadelphia, whence they were to join Mrs. 
 Fisher and her daughter Edith, at Pigeon Cove, Massachu- 
 setts. All went well until the voyagers had passed Harris- 
 burg by some fifteen miles and came upon the rapids known 
 as Conewago Falls, the most dangerous point in the Susque- 
 hanna. They were last seen alive on the afternoon of 
 August 13th, just above the falls. Later in the day the 
 bodies were recovered and cared for, until taken by the 
 family to Cincinnati, h'alher and son were buried together 
 in the Cemetery of Spring Grove. The news of Colonel 
 Fisher’s untimely death created a painful sensation wherever 
 he was known. Touching tributes were paid to his memory 
 by the Young Men’s Christian Association, of which he 
 was a useful member, by his former associates and bis suc- 
 cessor in the patent office, by the survivors of his regiment, 
 and by the bars of Cleveland and Cincinnati. The meeting 
 of the Cincinnati bar was attended by the leading men in 
 the profession, who united in expressing their high regard 
 for the deceased as a man, a lawyer, and a Christian gentle- 
 man. Judge Alfonso Taft, since Secretary of War, spoke 
 of him as a student in his office, and referred tenderly to 
 his gentle heart and brilliant mind. Colonel Fisher was an 
 active member of the Second Presbyterian Church of Cin- 
 cinnati for many years. He was prominent in mission and 
 Sunda/-school work. He gave freely of his time and 
 money to the cause of Christianity. In life he gave his 
 services, in death he left a rare example to his fellows. 
 
 I ALES, CHARLES THEODORE, Secretary of the 
 Board of Trade of Toledo, was born in Fenner, 
 Madison county. New York, December 2d, 1827. 
 He was educated at Lockport, New York, and 
 Toledo. Life commenced for him in a printing 
 office, where he was apprenticed for five years. 
 His apprenticeship ended, he worked as a journeyman, 
 until in the spring of 1849 he commenced the publication 
 of a Free-Soil journal in Brooklyn, New York, with Hern 
 S. M. Johnson as editor, and Walt Whitman associate edi- 
 tor, putting forward the name of Thomas H. Benton, of 
 Missouri, for President in 1852. He resumed printing as a 
 journeyman, in Januaiy, 1850, and followed it until the 
 spring of 1861, when he took the position of City and 
 Commercial Editor of the Toledo Blade. In this capacity 
 he continued until .-Vugust, 1873. During this period, in 
 

 I 
 
 A' 
 
 
(Galaxy Puh Co Phdad^ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 637 
 
 1868, he was elected Secretary of the Toledo Board of 
 Trade, the duties of which oftice he stilt discharges with 
 distinguished fidelity and ability. Politically, he has been 
 a Republican since casting his first vote. He has been a 
 melnber of the Masonic fraternity for many years, and is 
 now Worshipful Master of Sanford L. Collins Lodge, No. 
 396, of Ohio. 
 
 ^^TANTON, WILLIAM, M. D., Physician, was 
 born, July 5th, 1809, in Cookstown, county of 
 Tyrone, Ireland, and is the third of seven chil- 
 dren, whose parents were James and Margaret 
 (Harkness) Stanton. His parents were both na- 
 tives of the north of Ireland, and members of the 
 United Church of England and Ireland. His father was a 
 farmer by occupation, and lived on his farm near Cooks- 
 town until his death, November l ith, 1872 ; his wife having 
 preceded him on August 23d, 1861. Neither of them 
 ever came to America. Hr. Stanton received a liberal 
 education at a famous academy in his native town. To- 
 wards the close of 1826 he went into a drug store in that 
 place to learn the business, remaining there about a year, 
 when he proceeded to Edinburgh, Scotland, where he 
 matriculated at the celebrated Royal University of that city, 
 and entered upon a course of medical study, with a view of 
 practising that profession. In the autumn of 1831 he 
 graduated with honor from the university, receiving the 
 degree of Doctor of Medicine. In the spring of 1832 he 
 sailed for the United .States, and landed first in Philadel- 
 phia, where he tarried on a visit of a few weeks, and 
 thence proceeded to Ohio, and located first at New Carlisle, 
 Clarke county, where he commenced the practice of medi- 
 cine. He remained there until January, 1834, when he 
 removed to Steubenville, where he has since resided, and 
 has established an extensive and lucrative practice. He 
 has been for a number of years an active and influential 
 member of the Ohio State Medical Association. In politi- 
 cal sentiment he is a Republican, but has never sought nor 
 helrl any public office whatever. In religious belief he is a 
 member of the Protestant Episcopal Church. His manners 
 are pleasant, social, and courteous, and he enjoys the 
 esteem and respect of his fellow townsmen. 
 
 LLEN, HORACE R., M. D., Founder and Pres- 
 ident of the National Surgical Institute, was 
 born in Athens county, Ohio, October 21st, 
 1834. His father, Jose])h Allen, was a farmer, 
 and died when Horace was but seventeen years 
 of age. He was at that early age remarkable for 
 his mechanical ingenuity, having from his early boyhood 
 manufactured and invented nearly all of the implements 
 user! on his father’s farm. He could construct a wagon. 
 
 plow, rake, harrow, or build houses and barns. After his 
 father’s death he resolved to educate himself and his four 
 sisters, and support his mother. The farm aided him in 
 this most laudable enterprise only to the extent of from two 
 to three hundred dollars per year. The professors of the 
 Ohio University gave him permission to sell books to the 
 students, which, with hard labor, and profits on his specu- 
 lations in government lands, furnished money for the 
 expenses of himself and family. About this time he 
 spent some time in studying law, expecting to adopt the 
 legal profession. In the winter of 1S55-56 he examined 
 personally and purchased government lands in Iowa. 
 While on that expedition the thermometer often indicated 
 twenty to thirty degrees below zero. He then returned 
 to Ohio and graduated from the Cleveland Medical Col- 
 lege in 1857. This was a disappointment to many of 
 his friends, who desired him to be a lawyer. He then 
 removed to Des Moines, Iowa, but soon after located 
 in Charleston, Illinois, where he practised his profession, 
 kept a drug store, and was President of the First National 
 Bank, in which he had a controlling interest. At this 
 time he concluded that counting money was not helping 
 humanity, and therefore quit the bank and devoted himself 
 entirely to practice. Subsequently, however, he speculated 
 in Chicago real estate, and realized a profit of ^50,000 on a 
 single transaction. On July ist, 1869, he removed to In- 
 dianapolis, Indiana, and at once began to improve the city 
 by making several additions, laying out streets, building 
 houses, etc. The establishing of the National Surgical In- 
 stitute has been the great event of his life. Like every 
 other great philanthropic enterprise, it had its origin in sym- 
 pathy for individual suffering. This can be illustrated by a 
 little incident which occurred in 1856. While Dr. Allen 
 was attending a course of medical lectures in one of the 
 principal hospitals of the country, his attention was arrested 
 by the case of a little sufferer from disease of the spine — 
 a little girl some five years of age, who was presented for 
 treatment to a surgeon of skill and celebrity then in charge 
 of the hospital. Her parents were informed that she must 
 remain in the hospital under the immediate care of the sur- 
 geon, and might be obliged for some months to lie on her 
 back in bed. Although the separation from their child was 
 very trying, they were reconciled in tiie hope of a cure for 
 their darling child. It is only necessary to say that the lit- 
 tle exile from home was grieved, terrified, and being alone 
 with strangers, was tortured with the fiery, blazing “ moxa,” 
 and other modes of treatment known at that time as orthodox. 
 .Slowly the many weeks rolled on, and she became a mere 
 skeleton. Her mother came and would never have recog- 
 nized her little darling but for the eyes that grew brighter 
 at her coming. Her wasted arms were clasped tightly and 
 pleadingly around her neck, and her feeble cry was, 
 “ Mother, dear mother, take me home.” The little victim 
 that had been offered a sacrifice upon the altar of ortho- 
 doxy, was taken home, where, with ]flenty of fresh air 
 
638 
 
 BIOGRArniCAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 and food, she partially recovered from her terrible wounds, 
 and lived for many years, but dwarfed in stature and 
 sadly deformed. This case, with its revolting history, 
 suggested to Dr. Allen the necessity for a humane and 
 rational treatment of deformity and disease. From this 
 suggestioTi sprang a resolution to seek a better way, and if 
 science and reason could possibly afford relief, a life’s study 
 should be devoted to the amelioration of such and other 
 cases. His life from that time has been almost wholly 
 devoted to discovering and adopting every means of humane, 
 jdeasant, and effective treatment for all serious deformities 
 and diseases which come within the range of his special 
 liractice. Some sixteen years have passed since Dr. Allen 
 began to carry into effect plans to relieve the afflicted, and 
 the most gratifying and assured success has rewarded the 
 pioneer enterprise. The institute is to-day a proud monu- 
 ment of liberality and skill, and is prominent among the 
 most philanthropic enterprises of the age ; is fulfilling its 
 great mission of subserving to the relief of human misery 
 every discovery, invention, and improvement within the 
 scope of science and at the command of money. The 
 National Surgical Institute was incorporated under the 
 laws of the State of Indiana, with a capital of $500,000, 
 with the avowed object of treating all cases of surgery and 
 chronic diseases; also, engaging in the manufacture of sur- 
 gical and mechanical appliances, splints, bandages, machin- 
 ery, and other articles needed for the treatment of the 
 afflicted; also, with authority to teach others the same art. 
 Tlie eminent success attained cannot be overestimated. 
 Tlie magnanimous treatment of the poor, the moderate fees 
 demanded of the rich, and the explicit and candid manner 
 in which all are treated, have gained for the institute the 
 confidence and support of good people througliout the 
 country. It has also been indorsed and sustained by all 
 the intelligent physicians who have availed themselves of 
 an opportunity to study its claims to merit by visiting the 
 institute. The organization now consists of four large, 
 complete institutions, each amply equipped with all neces- 
 sary facilities. They are located in Indianapolis, Indiana; 
 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Atlanta, Georgia; and San 
 P'rancisco, California. At Indianapolis the Central Division 
 owns and occupies a block of buildings four stories high, 
 covering one-quarter of a square, on the corner of Illinois and 
 Georgia streets. These buildings are provided with sleep- 
 ing rooms to accommodate three hundred patients. On the 
 lower story of the east wing are thirteen offices, which are 
 occupied for prescription, operating, consultation, apparatus, 
 etc. Back of the main buildings and connected with them 
 is a machine shop in which are manufactured all kinds of 
 apparatus and machinery for the institute. In this shop, 
 with its forty horse-power steam engine, and other machinery, 
 are employed twenty to thirty skilled workmen, who are en- 
 gaged constantly, from year to year, in manufacturing appli- 
 ances for patients of the institution. The expense of this 
 department in labor, material, and incidentals, amounts to 
 
 over $75,000 per annum. On the second floor are parlors 
 and the dining hall, a room fifty feet square ; also bath 
 rooms, nursery, where children are placed under charge 
 of a matron and nurses. The gymnasium, or general 
 treatment room, is large and fitted up for the requirements 
 of the patients. Directly connected with this apartment 
 the Swedish movement machines and appliances — compli- 
 cated, ingenious, and varied in character and number — 
 are in full operation, driven by the engine of the shops. 
 Here also are found electrical machines, batteries, ingenious 
 inventions for training paralytics to walk, for straightening 
 crooked backs, contracted or stiff joints, and for the correc- 
 tion of deformity and paralysis in general. No description 
 can do justice to this department, or convey full and accur- 
 ate knowledge of its great advantages and worth. The 
 remainder of the third floor is used for sleeping rooms. 
 The statement of the Recording Secretary shows that there 
 have been treated at the institute 32,821 cases, which in- 
 clude all kinds of deformities and diseases. If to this large 
 number all of the charity patients were added, the number 
 would be astonishingly large. It is impossible to itemize 
 the hundreds of thousands of dollars which have been 
 expended in medicines and apparatus. Thirty physicians, 
 surgeons, and assistants, whose medical education has been 
 according to the strictest professional code, have performed 
 this mighty work of relieving and restoring to health suffering 
 humanity. Dr. Allen is now but little more than forty-one 
 years of age, yet the wonderful work he has accomplished 
 would seem to have required at least threescore and ten 
 years. He is a member of the First Presbyterian Church 
 of Indianapolis, and is a liberal contributor to all charitable 
 enterprises. Notwithstanding the great amount of work he 
 daily perforrr.s at the institute, he finds time to interest 
 himself in the welfare of the city, and is President of the 
 street railroads and other institutions. In May, 1856, he 
 married Harriet E. Shepard, by whom he has four children. 
 
 ^f^r)6iES, JOSI.'MI, the founder of Tiffin, Ohio, was 
 Qj J| H born, April 9th, 1778, near West Liberty, Berke- 
 ^1 I ley county, Virginia. He left his father’s home 
 A at an early age, with the determination to carve 
 
 ^ ^ out his own fortune. The first enterprise which 
 he undertook on his own account was a trading 
 excursion to New Orleans on a flat-boat laden with fruit, 
 which he floated down the Ohio river from Wheeling to 
 New Orleans, the voyage lasting six w'eeks. He finally 
 settled in Ohio, in l8oi, one year before it was admitted as 
 a State, and located in Belmont county, where for a number 
 of years he was one of its most active and prominent citi- 
 zens. He was the first Sheriff of that county, and for a 
 term of years Clerk of the Court. He next engaged in the 
 mercantile business at .St. Clairsville. His capital was lim- 
 ited, but was slowly and surely increased by prudence and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 639 
 
 sagacity. In those days merchants in the West were wont 
 to purchase their goods in Philadelphia, journeying across 
 the Allegheny mountains on horseback, and carrying their 
 specie in their saddle-bags. In 1819 he opened a branch 
 store in Mansfield, having as a partner his brother. General 
 James Hedges. Soon after this he removed from St. 
 Clairsville to Mansfield, and in 1S20 made a journey to 
 P'ort Ball— it now being a part of Tiffin. He immediately 
 decided to enter the land opposite to Fort Ball, on the east side 
 of the Sandusky river, on which the county seat was located 
 and the city of Tiffin was afterwards built ; and proceeding 
 to the Land Office at Delaware, Ohio, made the purchase 
 of the same from the government. In 1S22 the first stick 
 was cut on that part of Tiffin now in the P'irst ward, and 
 during the same year the first frame house on the town 
 plat was erected and used as a store — now known as the 
 “ Old Masonic Hall.” He also built, in that same year, a 
 flouring mill on the Sandusky river, and a saw-mill on 
 Rocky creek, both of which were largely patronized by the 
 j)ioneers of that day. By a prudent and liberal course in 
 disposing of his town lots he saw the place increase steadily 
 in population, and in 1828 he secured the removal of the 
 Land Office from Delaware to Tiffin, thus giving the town 
 a renewed impetus. In 1831 he was chosen to represent 
 the district in the Ohio Legislature, serving one session. 
 In 1837 he disposed of his store to a son, and retired from 
 trade, giving his attention from that time until his death to 
 his real estate interests in Tiffin, which were necessarily 
 very large. In his younger days he was an athletic and 
 vigorous man, and in his old age retained in a remarkable 
 degree his manly sense and vigor of mind, transacting and 
 managing up to the last his own business affairs. He was 
 generous and just in his dealings with his fellow-men, 
 benevolent to all Christian denominations, in most cases 
 donating the lots on which their churches were erected, and 
 was liberal towards all public improvements. He was a 
 friend to the poor, as many citizens can testify, well remem- 
 bering his kindness and leniency to them. In all the 
 relations of life he was a just and a sincere man. He was 
 a good citizen and a true and steadfast friend. As a father, 
 affectionate and indulgent ; and by his kindred, both old 
 and young, he will ever be gratefully remembered. To 
 him they could always go, and his heart was ever open to 
 them. His sagacity and foresight were such that his advice 
 was often sought ; and so excellent was his judgment that 
 he rarely erred in giving it. Although not a member of 
 any church, he was a good and true man, and upon his 
 dying couch he expressed to his friends a willingness to 
 die, and assured them of his unfaltering trust in that 
 “ Saviour who has promised to save all who may turn to- 
 wards Him in faith and penitence.” He dropped away 
 quietly, as if but entering upon a sleep. Without a groan 
 or struggle the good old man took his dejiarture and,passed 
 away “ like one that draws the drapery of his couch about 
 him and lies down to pleasant dreams.” He was first 
 
 married, September 29th, 1803, to Rebecca Russell, in Bel- 
 mont county, Ohio, and had by this union six children, two 
 only of whom are now living — Mrs. Rebecca Walker, 
 widow of Joseph Walker; and Mrs. Clarinda Hunter, 
 widow of William Hunter, all of Tiffin. His first wife 
 died July 8th, 1816, aged thirty-one years. After a widow- 
 erhood of one year he was married, July loth, 1S17, to 
 Eliza Hammerly, of Martinsburg, Virginia, having by this 
 marriage nine children, of whom six are still living — his 
 son, William C. Hedges, a real estate dealer in Tiffin; 
 Cynthia A., wife of Luther A. Hall; Mary Jane, wife of 
 A. C. Baldwin ; Minerva, wife of Harrison Noble; Eliza- 
 beth, wife of John G. Gross, all residents of Tiffin ; and 
 Sarah V., wife of W. W. Armstrong, of the Plain Dealer, 
 Cleveland, Ohio. His second wife died Novemlier loth, 
 1837. He was last married, October 29th, 1844, to Harriet, 
 daughter of Henry Snook, of Seneca county, who survives 
 him. He died in Tiffin, July 15th, 1858. 
 
 CLEAN, HON. DANIEL, Farmer and Banker, 
 was born, October 3d, 1S05, in Ross county, 
 Ohio, and is the youngest child of Duncan and 
 Elizabeth (McGaraugh) McLean. His father 
 was a native of Scotland, who through life fol- 
 lowed agricultural pursuits. He emigrated to 
 America in 1760, and settled first in Westmoreland county, 
 Pennsylvania, removing to Ohio in 1805, and located in 
 Ross county, where he resided until his death, August 2d, 
 1806. He had married Elizabeth, daughter of Joseph 
 McGaraugh, an early settler of Westmoreland county, 
 Pennsylvania, of Scotch-Irish extraction. .She died January 
 1st, 1850. Daniel obtained only a limited education, being 
 that obtained in the common schools in the neighborhood 
 of his father’s farm. When fourteen years old he became 
 a clerk in a store in Washington, Fayette county, where he 
 labored very industriously until 1830, when he went into 
 business on his own account, keeping a general store, and 
 was thus employed for some ten years. In 1840 he re- 
 moved to his farm in Union township, adjacent to Wash- 
 ington, where he has since resided. In 1863 he was 
 elected President of the P'irst National Bank, and associated 
 banking with agricultural pursuits; commencing with a 
 capital of 875,000, which has since been increased to 
 8300,000. His political views are those of the Republican 
 party. He cast his first Presidential vote for John Quincy 
 Adams. In 1826 he was elected Coroner of Fayette 
 county, and served in that office for four years. In 1842 he 
 was appointed Associate Judge of the Court of Common 
 Pleas of the same county, by the Governor of Ohio, and in 
 1843 was elected to the same office, being on the bench 
 about eight years. In 1851 he was elected a Director of 
 the Cincinnati, Wilmington & Zanesville Railroad Com- 
 pany, and served in that capacity for thirteen years. He is 
 
640 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 a large stockholder ia the Dayton & Southeastern Railroad, 
 and in the Springfield, Jackson & Pomeroy Railroad Com- 
 panies. He is also largely interested in the capital stock 
 of the Coal & Iron Company of Wellston, Jackson county. 
 Religiously, his views are not circumscribed by the creed 
 of any particular church. Socially, he is pleasant, frank, 
 and affable. He has led a temperate life, and has been a 
 hard worker, giving his whole soul to whatever matter 
 engaged his attention. He started out in life with no 
 capital but his industry, energy, and perseverance, and 
 having been the architect of his own fortunes, can point to 
 his present commanding position as the result of wliat 
 untiring diligence can perform. He may with great pro- 
 priety be termed a self-made man. He was married in 
 1830 to Helena, daughter of Dr. John Boyd, a prominent 
 physician and early pioneer of Highland county, Ohio. 
 She died in 1849, having been the mother of five children. 
 He was again married in 1852 to Mary Sprague, a native 
 of Berkshire county, Massachusetts, who died in 1854. He 
 was united in marriage, in 1856, to Matilda, daughter of 
 Isaac Hagler, an early pioneer of Fayette county, who is 
 still living. 
 
 - OZADD, FRANK M., Attorney-at-Law, was born 
 in Lewis county, Virginia, on March 19th, 1837. 
 His father moved to (Jhio in 1845, and died dur- 
 ing the same year. He is self-educated, having 
 been left at his father’s death entirely dependent 
 on his own resources. A school he never at- 
 tended after he was eleven years of age, but by close study 
 he succeeded in securing a substantial knowledge of the 
 ordinary branches of information. In 1852 he moved to 
 Cincinnati, arriving in the city without money or friends. 
 His first employment was obtained in a dry-goods store as 
 errand boy. There he remained for four years, when he 
 began the study of law in the office of Judge Baldwin, at 
 Blanchester, Ohio. After completing his legal studies, in 
 i860, he removed to Iowa and commenced the practice of 
 his profession. When the war broke out, in 1861, he re- 
 turned to Virginia, having interests there, and assumed the 
 editorship of The IVesi Virginia Tepithiican, published at 
 Buchanan. There he continued until 1866, when, in con- 
 nection with his brother, George Cozadd, he purchased 
 7 he Daily Gazette, a paper published at Parkersburg, \Vest 
 Virginia, and edited it until 1867. He was, however, on 
 the wrong side politically for that .State, being an outspoken 
 Democrat of the Jeffersonian school. This difference be- 
 tween his views and those of a majority of his patrons 
 caused the business to assume an unprofitable character, 
 and he gave it up. Returning to Cincinnati to try his for- 
 tune once more, he resumed the practice of his profession. 
 During the same year (1867) he was married to the 
 daughter of Colonel James S. Couden, of Warren county, 
 Ohio. In 1870 he started a bank in Morrow, Ohio, under 
 
 the style of the Morrow Bank. This enterprise proved 
 quite successful, and he continued it until 1874. At this 
 time, loving his profession better than banking, notwith- 
 standing the more profitable character of the latter, he 
 again turned his whole attention to the practice of law in 
 Cincinnati. He now enjoys an extensive and lucrative 
 practice, with the high regard of his clients and a large 
 circle of friends. In the fullest sense of the term he is a 
 self-made man. 
 
 ORRLS, JONATHAN, M. D., wms born on De- 
 cember 1st, 1824, in Morgan county, Ohio. He 
 was the sixth of seven children, whose parents 
 were Abraham and .Sophia (Kughn) Morris. 
 His father — of .Scotch-lrish extraction — was a 
 native of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, 
 and followed through life the trade of carpenter. He 
 moved to Ohio about 1818, settling in Guernsey county, 
 whence he removed in 1822 to Morgan county, where he 
 lived till his death, in 1835. He was a soldier in the war 
 of 1812. Jonathan’s mother was of German family, but 
 was born in Greene county, Pennsylvania. The lad was 
 early taught moral and industrious habits. He worked on 
 a farm when a boy, attending school in winter. His edu- 
 cation was liberal, and obtained by his own exertions. Left 
 fatherless at the age of eleven, he worked for an uncle for 
 eighteen months; and then for about a year on a farm, at 
 five dollars a month. In 1838 he entered a store in Wash- 
 ington county, and clerked for about two years. Thereafter 
 he pursued the same calling in Gallipolis for about five 
 years, studying the while medicine, and for' a year law, 
 which he abandoned from conscientious scruples. In 1845 
 he gave his whole attention to medicine, under the direction 
 of Dr. James M. Cromley, of Gallipolis, reading assiduously 
 for about two years and attending lectures at Cleveland 
 Medical College, where he graduated in 1847. He at once 
 began practice in Burlington, Ohio. A year later he moved 
 to Powellsville, Scioto county, but in five months started 
 merchandising at Harrisonville, so continuing for about two 
 years. In 1850 he sold out his store and resumed practice 
 for three years in Ironton. In 1853 he passed five months 
 speculating at Gallipolis, whence he moved to Ashland, 
 Kentucky, and practised for three years, also editing a 
 newspaper and carrying on a store. During 1856 he moved 
 on to a farm near Burlington, Ohio, and stayed there one 
 year. Then he returned to Ironton, where he has since re- 
 sided and enjoyed an extensive medical practice, except 
 during the war. In 1861 he entered the army as Surgeon 
 of the 9th Virginia Regiment, and served with it till the 
 spring of 1865, being mainly with the 8th Army Corps, 
 in Virginia, part of the time as Brigade Surgeon and part 
 as Division Surgeon. Captured at Guyandotte, Virginia, 
 on November loth, 1861, he was confined in Libby prison 
 for four months, then paroled and afterwards exchanged. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOILEDIA. 
 
 641 
 
 He is a Republican, but has never sought political office. 
 In 1873 he was elected to the Legislature, and served two 
 years. He is a member of the Methodist Church, and is 
 remarkable for high character, untiring energy and in- 
 dustry. In 1848 he was married to Emi'.y J. Wilson, a 
 native of Cabell county, Virginia. 
 
 EATTV, HON. JOHN, son of James and Eliza- 
 beth (Williams) Beatty, was born near Sandusky, 
 Ohio, December i6lh, 1828. He received a good 
 common school education, and located in busi- 
 ness at Cardington, Ohio, where he engaged in 
 banking. He was an active supporter of John 
 P. Hale for the Presidency in 1852, and of John C. Fre- 
 mont in 1856, and was a Presidential elector on the Re- 
 publican ticket in i860. At the outbreak of the rebellion 
 he raised a company for the Union army, was unanimously | 
 chosen Captain, and reported with his men to the Adjutant- 
 General on the 19th of April, 1861. He was elected 1 
 Lieutenant-Colonel of the 3d Ohio Infantry, and re-elected 
 to that position when the regiment, at the expiration of its 1 
 three months’ enlistment, reorganized for the three years’ | 
 service. Colonel Beatty was with Generals McClellan and 
 Rosecrans in their campaign in western Virginia, and in the 
 winter of 1861-62 was transferred to Kentucky and as- 
 signed to General O. M. Mitchel’s division. In the spring 
 of 1862 he was commissioned a Colonel, and accompanied 
 Mitchel in his descent upon northern Alabama, taking part 
 in the affair at Bridgeport, in that State, and was subse- 
 quently appointed Provost Marshal at Huntsville. He re- 
 turned with the army to the Ohio river, and fought at the [ 
 head of his regiment in the battle of Perryville, Kentucky, 
 in October, 1862. He commanded a brigade at Stone 
 River, and, on the first day of the battle, as is stated in Van 
 Horne’s “ Hi.story of the Army of the Cumberland,” his 
 command, in conjunction with Sheppard’s, Scribner’s and 
 the pioneer brigades, “ saved the centre, and the army.” j 
 On the night of January 3d he attacked a portion of the i 
 enemy’s works lying near the Murfreesboro’ pike, and 
 carried them at the point of the bayonet. Soon after this ! 
 he was commissioned a Brigadier-General, to rank from 
 November 29th, 1862, and participated in the Tull.ahoma 
 campaign, during which he dislodged the enemy from his 
 position on Elk river. He afterwards served, by appoint- 
 ment of General George IT. Thomas, as President of a 
 Board to examine applicants for commissions in colored 
 regiments; was with the army in the Chattanooga cam- 
 paign, led the advance into Georgia, struck the enemy at 
 Johnson’s Crook and Cooper’s Gap, and was with Generals ^ 
 Baird and Negley in the affair at Dug Gap. In the battle . 
 of Chickamauga General Beatty commenced the fighting of ■ 
 the first day on the extreme right of the line, and of the ' 
 second day on the extreme left, and continued on the field \ 
 81 
 
 j until the battle ended. On the day following he repulsed 
 ' a heavy reconnoitring column of the enemy at Rossville. 
 He was on the left with Sherman at Mission Ridge, but 
 during the battle his command formed a part of the reserve. 
 On the day following he led in pursuit of the enemy, and 
 overtaking the rebel General Maury at Graysville, engaged 
 and finally drove him from his position by a charge. He 
 then accompanied General Sherman in the march to Knox- 
 ville for the relief of Burnside. In 1864 he resigned, for 
 personal reasons. General Beatty was elected to the 
 P'ortieth Congress, and served as a member of the Commit- 
 tee on Invalid Pensions. He was re-elected by an in- 
 creased majority to the Forty-first Congress, and served as 
 Chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings and 
 Grounds. Pie was re-elected, again by an increased 
 majority, to the Forty-second Congress, and served as 
 Chairman of the House Joint Committee on Printing. At 
 the close of his term he was strongly solicited to be again 
 the candidate of his party for re-election, but declined. 
 He now resides in Columbus, where he is engaged in the 
 business of banking. 
 
 HOEMAKER, ROBERT M., Railroad Promoter, 
 was born, October 21st, 1815, in the town of 
 German P lats, now the village of Mohawk, Her- 
 kimer county. New York. His ancestors were 
 among the early Dutch settlers of the Mohawk 
 country. His father was a man of prominence in 
 that section. He was largely intrusted with the adminis- 
 tration and settlement of estates, and to help him in his 
 labors he had his son, Robert, study surveying. In 1834, 
 at the age of nineteen, Robert was employed as “ forward 
 chainman ” by N. S. Roberts, State Engineer, who was 
 then engaged in improving the Erie canal. In the follow- 
 ing year he obtained a mathematical education at Cazenovia 
 Seminary. On the Utica & Schenectady Railroad he ac- 
 quired a knowledge of civil engineering. Before the com- 
 pletion of the road he became Assistant Resident Engineer. 
 In 1836 he was one of a party who made a survey for a 
 railroad in Canada, a task which English engineers had 
 twice failed to accomplish. It was completed in less than 
 three months, after much hard work and exposure. This 
 work done, he was employed to go to Ohio to make surveys 
 for what is now known as the Lake Shore road. In Oc- 
 tober, 1837, at the age of twenty-two, he was appointed 
 Chief Engineer of the Mad River & Lake Erie Railroad. 
 An engine for this road, which was landed from a schooner 
 at Sandusky City in July, 1838, was the first locomotive in 
 Ohio. It was called the “ Sandusky.” In 1838 he was 
 appointed Chief Engineer of the Little Miami Railroad, but 
 at the same time retained his position on the Mad river en- 
 terprise. The first locomotive, the “Governor Morrow,” 
 was put upon the Little Miami road, under his superin- 
 tendence, in 1840. From 1843 *0 1849, funds could be 
 
642 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPyEDIA. 
 
 oljtained, he continued to prosecute the Mad river enter- 
 prise. At the latter date he accepted the appointment of 
 Chief Engineer on the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton 
 Railroad. This ro.ad, one of the best built in Ohio, was 
 completed in 1851. In 1852 he resigned this position and 
 accepted that of Engineer-in Chief on the Covington & 
 I.exington Railroad, in Kentucky, which he built as far as 
 Cynthiana, in that State. Leaving this enterprise, he un- 
 dertook the construction of the Dayton & Michigan Rail- 
 road, between Dayton and Toledo. Its progress was 
 impeded by the inability of the company to sell its bonds. 
 Realizing the importance of the work, he induced several 
 capitalists to co operate with him in the completion of the 
 work as a speculation. After much hard work they were 
 eventually successful. A perpetual lease of the road was 
 soon after given to the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton 
 Railroad Company, the owners realizing handsomely from 
 their investment. In the summer of 1865 the now promi- 
 nent and successful railroad promoter was induced to join 
 in the construction of the Kansas Pacific Railroad. He 
 built that portion of the road from Leavenworth to Fort 
 Wallace, Kansas, a distance of four hundred and five miles. 
 This was accomplished by October, 1868, at which date he 
 severed his connection with the enterprise. He had many 
 difficulties to contend with not in his contract. A cholera 
 scourge swept off two hundred and thirtyof his men in the 
 short space of two weeks, and the hostility of the Indians 
 led to the killing and wounding of many others. He re- 
 turned to Ohio in 1868, and for a long time refused any 
 professional employment. In the summer of 1870 he was 
 induced to undertake the construction of the Cincinnati & 
 •Springfield Railroad, known as the “ Dayton Sliort Line.” 
 He is now the President and moving spirit of the enter- 
 prise. His life has been one of great business activity and 
 hard work, and has been prolific of good results to his 
 fellow-men. He is one of the foremost pioneer railroad 
 men of the West. He has an office in Cincinnati, and 
 a residence at Glendale. 
 
 AGUE, SLKCLAIR MERRYMAN, Lawyer, was 
 born, July 6th, 1834, in Leesville, Carroll county, 
 Ohio, of American parentage and English de- 
 scent. He was educated in the common schools, 
 leaving the latter in 1851, when he commenced 
 teaching; and was so occupied until 1855 in the 
 counties of Tuscarawas, Harrison and Carroll. He then 
 commenced the study of law with George W. Mclivaine, 
 now Chief-Justice of the .Supreme Court of Ohio, and was 
 admitted to the bar at Zanesville, September 12th, 1857. 
 He commenced his legal practice at New Philadelphia, 
 where he continued until 1859, when he removed to 
 Florida, Henry county, where he taught school during that 
 winter. On May 8th, i860, he again changed his location, 
 and finally settled at Napoleon, where he resumed the prac- 
 
 tice of law, and where he has since' resided. By strict 
 attention to all matters intrusted to his care he has secured 
 a large and lucrative practice. He is a leading and promi- 
 nent member of the United States Law Association. In 
 political faith he is a Republican. Personally, he is of 
 medium stature, prepossessing in appearance, of slender but 
 compact form, denoting great endurance in mental and 
 physical labor. He was married, October 2d, i860, to 
 Helen O’Hagan, of Shanesville, Tuscarawas county, Ohio. 
 
 ^LOVER, ELIJAH, Printer, Editor and Lawyer, 
 ^ was born. May nth, l8ii,in Portsmouth, Ohio, 
 and is the sixth child (of nine) of Elijah and 
 Catherine (Jones) Glover, both natives of the 
 Eastern Shore of Maryland, and early settlers 
 of Scioto county. His father removed to Ohio in 
 1798, and first located at Alexandria, Scioto county, re- 
 moving subsequently to Portsmouth, where he kept an inn 
 for many years, and also a hat store. In this latter building 
 the first court of .Scioto county held its first session. He 
 was Sheriff of the county for a number of years, was a 
 soldier of the war of 1812, and took a very active part in 
 all the early organizations and public enterprises of that 
 section. Elijah worked on a farm until he was sixteen, at- 
 tending school in winter; and being a good student acquired 
 a better education than generally fell to the lot of the yo.uth 
 of the frontier settlements in those days. In 1828 he be- 
 came an apprentice to the printer’s trade in Portsmouth, in 
 the office of the IVcsta-n Times, z.m\ remained there until 
 about 1830, when he established a newspaper himself, 
 called the Portsmouth Corn ier, which he edited and pub- 
 lished for about five years. He also became a bookseller 
 and publisher, and so continued until 1839, when he was 
 elected County Auditor, and then disposed of his book and 
 publication establishment. He was twice thereafter re- 
 elected Auditor, and held the office for six years. Mean- 
 while he read law with great industry, and in 1847 was 
 admitted to the bar. He entered at once upon the practice 
 of that profession, in which he has continued to the present 
 time. He was elected Prosecuting Attorney in 1850, and 
 held the position one term. In 1866 he was appointed 
 Register in Bankruptcy by Chief-Justice Chase, and re- 
 signed that office in 1870. He was a member of the Ohio 
 Legislature from January, 1864, to January, 1870, and was 
 re-elected in 1870. He was originally a Henry Clay Whig, 
 and latterly a Republican. His religious faith is that as 
 held by the Methodists. He is an earnest and active tem- 
 perance man, and in 1854 published a temperance paper 
 called the Life Boat, both daily and weekly issues. He 
 first advocated temperance principles in 1840. He was 
 married in 1833 to Sarah J., daughter of George Offner, 
 formerly of Winchester, Virginia, but an early settler of 
 Scioto county, Ohio. 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOILEDIA. 
 
 643 
 
 AAG, IION. JOHN MARION, Lawyer, Editor 
 and Legislator, was born, August l6th, 1S36, in 
 Union county, Pennsylvania, and is a son of Peter 
 H. and Catharine (Conrad) Haag; his father was 
 by profession a lawyer, and descended from a 
 Holland family, who had been among the first 
 settleys of New York. He was educated in Lancaster 
 county, Pennsylvania, and when seventeen years old went 
 to Ohio, and entered a printing office in Millersburg to learn 
 the trade. He subsequently studied law, and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1859, at New Philadelphia, and commenced 
 the practice of his profession in Tuscarawas county. In 
 Inly, 1862, he removed to Henry county and settled at 
 Napoleon, where he still resides and commands an e.xten- 
 sive line of patronage. In the spring of 1864 he became 
 the editor of the A'orthwesi, and conducted that journal with 
 energy and ability for five or six years, making it the recog- 
 nized organ of the Democracy of the Tenth Congressional 
 District. In the autumn of the same year he was elected 
 Probate Judge of Henry county to fill a vacancy, and re- 
 elected in 1 865. He has represented his district in the 
 lower House of the Geneial Assembly during the years 
 1872-75, where he was recognized as a ready and fair de- 
 bater, and a formidable adversary. During the last two 
 years of his service in that body he was Chairman of the 
 Committee on the Judiciary. He has always been an active, 
 consistent and energetic Democrat, serving his party both 
 with his pen and voice in a manner to make warm friends, 
 and commanding the respect of his adversaries. He is 
 positive in everything he advances, and sometimes vehement 
 in enforcing his views. At the bar he has a fair standing, 
 and is recognized as among the best orators in northwestern 
 Ohio. He enjoys at present the leading law practice in 
 Henry county. He was married, August 17th, 1865, to 
 Martha J. Meek, of Henry county, Ohio, and is the father 
 of three children. 
 
 * [f^ODGERS, WILLIAM A., Judge, was born, De- 
 
 1 
 
 c' 
 
 vania. His father, Robert Rodgers, was a miller 
 ^7) 7, and farmer. On the mother’s side he was de- 
 (s 9 ^ scended from genuine fighting revolutionary stock, 
 his grandfather, William Allen, having been a 
 colonel in the revolutionary army, wounded and taken 
 prisoner at the battle of White^Plains, and after the close of 
 the war appointed a Judge. William Allen Rodgers, after 
 acquiring such knowledge as was to be acquired at the com- 
 mon schools, passed through a preparatory course of study, 
 and then entered Dickinson College, at Carlisle^, Pennsyl- 
 vania. After graduating from this college, he commenced 
 the study of law in the office of Judge Kennedy, in Pitts- 
 burgh. At the conclusion of the prescribed course of legal 
 studies he was admitted to the b.ir in Pittsburgh, and then in 
 
 the fall of 1834 he removed to Ohio. He settled in Spring- 
 field, and there began the practice of the law. He practised 
 first in partnership with General Anthony, and afterwards 
 was associated in his practice with Judge White. Subse- 
 quently he was elected Judge of the Court of Common 
 'I’leas. On September 6th, 1837, he married Elizabeth 
 Smith, daughter of George Smith, of College Hill, Hamil- 
 ton county, Ohio, and originally of Dorsetshire, England. 
 Six children, three daughters and three sons, resulted from 
 this union. One of the daughters died in childhood, but 
 the other children survived to grow up. Judge Rodgers 
 died on May 25th, 1855, leaving an honorable and unstained 
 memory. 
 
 'OWEN, HON. BENJAMIN S., Lawyer and Jurist, 
 was born, September 27th, 1792, in Washington 
 county. New York, where he was also educated. 
 He removed to Ohio in 1825, and settled in the 
 village of Moorfield, Harrison county, where he 
 practised medicine for a short time, but subse- 
 quently studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1830. 
 He shortly afterwards w'as appointed Prosecuting Attorney 
 for Monroe county. In 1832 he formed a legal partnership 
 w’ith William B. Hubbard, and removed to St. Clairsville, 
 where he resided until his death. In 1840 he was elected 
 to the Twenty-seventh Congress, where he was made Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Claims. In 1844 he W'as chosen 
 to the State Legislature, and was there recognized as the 
 acknowledged leader of the Whig party in the lower House. 
 He was elected in 1847 a Judge of the Court of Common 
 Pleas, and w'as on the bench until 1853. He took a leading 
 part in the founding of Brooks’ Institute and Seminary, of 
 St. Clairsville, where his two sons, D. D. T. and B. R. 
 Cow'en, received most of their education. He was married, 
 in Washington county. New York, to Anne, daughter of 
 Judge Wood, of that county. He died on his birthday, 
 September 27th, 1869, at the ripe age of seventy-seven 
 years, respected and beloved by all who knew him. 
 
 ITCHCOCK, PETER, Farmer and Legislator, was 
 born, January l6th, 1818, in Burton, Geauga 
 s'5^1 1 I county, Ohio, and is a son of the late Judge Peter 
 / Cri and Nabby (Cook) Hitchcock, who w’ere both na- 
 tives of Cheshire, New Haven county, Connecticut. 
 His father w'as Chief Justice of the Supreme 
 Court of Ohio; his elder brother, Reuben, W'as for some 
 years Judge of the Court of Common Pleas; and another 
 brother. Rev. Henry L. Hitchcock, was for sixteen years a 
 distinguished and pojtular pastor of the .Second Presbyterian 
 Church of Columbus, Ohio, and from 1856 to his death, in 
 1873, President of the Western Reserve College, at Hudson, 
 
644 
 
 BIOGRArillCAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 Ohio. Peter Hitchcock, the younger, received his elemen- 
 tary education at the academy in his native town, and also 
 attended, after he was twelve years old, the district schools, 
 only during the winter. He early adopted the occupation of 
 an agriculturist, and has ever since resided on a pleasant 
 farm near the little village of Burton. When quite young 
 lie was chosen a local Magistrate, and held the position for 
 eighteen years. In 1858 he was elected a Representative to 
 the Ohio Legislature, and re-elected in i860. In 1862 he 
 was chosen a Senator from the district composed of Geauga, 
 Ashtabula and Lake counties. He has been since that date 
 elected three several times to the House, serving in the 
 .sessions of 1866-67, 1870-7 1, and is a member now, in 1876, 
 still bearing evidence of ability for much hard work, and in 
 the right direction. During his legislative career he has 
 been placed upon important committees, usually on that of 
 finance, and was its Chairman in 1870-71. Being thoroughly 
 conversant with parliamentary rules and tactics, he was 
 Speaker of the House in 1861 ; President pro tern, of the 
 Senate while a member of that body, and Speaker pro tern, 
 of the House in 1866-67. Pie was elected a member of the 
 Constitutional Convention in 1873, and in that body was as 
 distinguished a member as he was throughout his legislative 
 career, by his practical ideas and application of a strong 
 common sense view of public matters. He was an influen- 
 tial member of the two important Committees on Revenue 
 and Taxation and on Education; and also originally Chair- 
 man of the Committee on Rules. He has ever taken a deep 
 interest in the great system of charitable and correctional 
 institutions which distinguish the State of Ohio, and was 
 early identified with the legislation to establish an institution 
 for the care and instruction of feeble-minded and imbecile 
 youth. His interest and sympathy in that direction soon 
 attracted the attention of the Governor to him as a suitable 
 person for a trustee of the institution, which position he held 
 from 1862 to 1874, when he retired through a partisan reor- 
 ganization of the Board. During the four years of the civil 
 war many opportunities were afforded him both in the Legis- 
 lature and in frequent public meetings, as well as on the field 
 of military operations in service, and in looking to the care 
 of the dead and wounded, to testify to his patriotic love for 
 American nationality and opposition to slavery. He was 
 also especially active, as a member of the Legislature, in 
 promoting the adoption of the Fifteenth Amendment to the 
 Constitution of the United States, its success being largely 
 attributable to his efforts. Originally a Whig, he has since 
 the inception of the Republican party been actively identified 
 with the latter organization. In religious faith, he is a firm 
 and unwavering member of the Congregational Church, and 
 a liberal supporter of it in his native (own. He is a man of 
 plain, unostentatious appearance. Starling in life with only 
 such moderate educational advantages as were afforded to 
 the average American youth before the present educational 
 system was founded, he has, nevertheless, been a close stu- 
 dent during his leisure hours, and has acquired a vast fund 
 
 of knowledge, which has borne its fruit in the years given 
 to his State as a legislator. He was married, February 8lh, 
 1841, to Eliza Ann Cook, with whom he has had three sons 
 and one daughter. One of his sons fell at the battle of 
 Perryville, instantly killed by a shot in the forehead. 
 
 LDS, HON. CHAUNCEY N., Lawyer and Legis- 
 lator, was born, February 2d, 1816, at Marlbor- 
 ough, Vermont. He received a thorough acad- 
 emical and collegiate education, and graduated 
 from the Miami University in the class of 1836. 
 He was immediately elected a Professor in that 
 institution, and held the position until 1840, meanwhile pre- 
 paring himself by the usual course of study for the legal 
 profession. He was admitted to the bar in 1841, and com- 
 menced the practice of law in that year at Circleville, where 
 he resided for fifteen years, removing in 1856 to Columbus, 
 which he has made his home, and where he is still engaged 
 in professional pursuits. He was elected both to the lower 
 and upper Houses of the General Assembly from Pickaway 
 and Ross counties, and was a member of the Legislatures 
 which convened in 1848, 1849 and 1850. He filled the office 
 of Attorney-General of the State in 1865. He has been a 
 member of the Presbyterian Church for the past forty-four 
 years, and has been frequently chosen as a lay delegate to 
 presbyteries and synods of the denomination, and has also 
 been twice a Commissioner to the General Assembly. He 
 takes great intei-est likewise in the Sunday-school, and is 
 very active in that important adjunct to the church. He 
 has been a Trustee o[ his A/ma Mater for twenty-five years. 
 
 RADBURY, HON. JOSEPH, Lawyer and Legis- 
 lator, was born, September 7th, 1807, in the town 
 of Exeter, Penobscot county, Maine, and is the 
 fifth of ten children, whose parents were Joseph 
 and Elizabeth (Stevens) Bradbury, who was a 
 farmer by occupation, and who removed to Ohio, 
 where he settled in Gallia county towards the close of that 
 year, and where he resided until his death, September 1st, 
 1828. His wife survived him some nine years; she was a 
 native of Andover, Massachusetts, a daughter of Peter 
 Stevens, and of English descent. Joseph, the younger, 
 labored on the farm until he was about seventeen years of 
 age, attending the district school during the winter season. 
 He then worked in a distillery for some four years, and 
 when of age returned to farming, occupying his leisure 
 hours, for about eight years, in the study of law. In 1836, 
 having been previously examined, he was admitted to the 
 bar, and at once entered upon the practice of his profession, 
 having his office on his farm, where he resided, and pursuing 
 his avocation in the counties of Meigs, Athens, Gallia and 
 
BIOGRAnilCAL EXCVCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 645 
 
 Jackson. In 1852 he located in Cheshire township, Gallia 
 county, at Kygerville, where he opened his office, remaining 
 there until 1875, when he removed to Gallipolis, where he 
 has since resided, and has established an excellent practice. 
 He was elected a Representative to the Ohio Legislature in 
 1861, and re-elected in 1863. In 1865 he was chosen to 
 the Ohio Senate. He was again a candidate for the lower 
 House in 1869, and elected, and a second time re-elected in 
 1871 ; thus having been for ten years a member of the General 
 Assembly. During his term of service he took a very active 
 part in the indorsement of the Fifteenth Amendment to the 
 Federal Constitution, through the legislation of Ohio. Politi- 
 cally, he is a Republican of the radical school. His religious 
 creed is that of the New Jerusalem Church as founded by 
 Emanuel Swedenborg. He is, as may be seen from the 
 foregoing record, emphatically a self-made man, and has 
 raised himself from comparative obscurity to the prominent 
 positions he has filled and to the practice he now controls. 
 He was married, January nth, 1829, to Eliza, daughter of 
 Elijah Strong, a pioneer settler of Meigs county, Ohio. 
 
 URSELL, JAMES, Farmer, Merchant and Banker, 
 was born, October 21st, 1813, in Ross county, 
 Ohio, and is the second of six children, whose 
 parents were Reuben and Mary (Jenkins) Pursell. 
 His father was a native of western Pennsylvania, 
 who followed through life mechanical pursuits. 
 He removed to Ohio about the year 1805, and settled at first 
 in Ross county, where he resided until 1832, when he re- 
 moved to F'ayette county, which became his future home, 
 and where he died in 1864. His wife was also from western 
 Pennsylvania, having been born in Washington county; she 
 was the daughter of William Jenkins, an early settler in 
 eastern Ohio; she died in 1856. James worked on a farm 
 until he was twenty-four years old, attending the common 
 school during the winter season — in all about three terms. 
 In 1835 he went to Washington, Fayette county, but moved 
 a little later into the country. In 1840 he returned to 
 Washington, having been elected Constable of Union town- 
 ship, adjacent to the town, and was engaged for about a year 
 attending to the duties pertaining to that office. He was 
 appointed, May 8th, 1841, Auditor of Fayette county by the 
 County Commissioners, and was elected at the following 
 general election, October, 1841, to the same office, and thrice 
 re-elected, holding the position altogether about nine years. 
 After the expiration of his official duties he became interested 
 in a woollen mill, and was industriously engaged as a manu- 
 facturer, and also in buying and selling real estate, continu- 
 ing in these two avocations for about five years, when he 
 relinquished the factory, disposing of the same to his brother, 
 and confining his attention solely to dealing in lands for a 
 year or two. He then erected a warehouse and engaged in 
 the lumber business, and also in conducting a large grocery 
 
 establishment, both of which occupied his attention for 
 several years. In 1858 he started the Fayette County Bank, 
 over which he exercised a general supervision until about 
 1867, when he disposed of the same to the First National 
 Bank of Washington. In 1867 he returned to the grocery 
 and lumber business, in which he continued until 1869, 
 when he disposed of the former, although he carried on the 
 lumber trade until 1874. In the last-named year he became 
 President of the Merchants’ and P'armers’ Bank of Wash- 
 ington, and has been identified with its interests in that 
 capacity ever since. He is largely interested as a stock- 
 holder in the Dayton & Southeastern, as also in the Spring- 
 field & Pomeroy Railroad Companies. He was elected to 
 the Ohio Legislature in 1861, and re-elected in 1863, serv- 
 ing four years in that body. He was appointed, 1869, by 
 President Grant Collector of Internal Revenue for the Sixth 
 District of Ohio. His political creed is that of the Repub- 
 lican party ; was formerly a Whig, and gave his first vote for 
 General Harrison for President. Personally, he is of pleas- 
 ant and social manners, and is much esteemed by his fellow- 
 townsmen. He has always led a temperate life, and has 
 ever been distinguished for untiring energy and industry. 
 His pecuniary circumstances were limited when he started 
 in life, and his present competence is the result of his per- 
 severing efforts. He was married. May 25th, 1841, to 
 Margaret Hartzell, of Pickaway county, and is the father of 
 seven children. 
 
 ^ tj^OND, ARTHUR, County Auditor of Morgan 
 1 1 county, Ohio, was born in Ellisburg, Jefferson 
 y Hn county. New York, September nth, 1829. His 
 to rm father, a well-known citizen of New York, was, 
 although by profession a lawyer, during the last 
 forty years of his life engaged in evangelical labors 
 as a minister ; he was one of the first graduates of Hamilton 
 College, and esteemed for his extensive fund of varied 
 scholarly attainments. His mother was a native of Rox- 
 bury, Massachusetts. On both sides of the house the origin 
 of the family may be traced back to an old and very honor- 
 able source. Until his seventeenth year was attained he 
 attended the academy in his native place; was subsequently 
 for one year a student in the schools of Marietta, Ohio, and 
 afterward pursued a higher course of studies in Oberlin Col- 
 lege, in Oberlin, Ohio. Upon relinquishing student life, in 
 1849, engaged in teaching school in Jefferson county. 
 New York, and sustained the role of educator until 1851, 
 the date of his removal to Illinois, where he found emjdoy- 
 ment in railroad building, as a civil engineer on the Illinois 
 Central and Joliet & Chicago Railroads. He was busied in 
 this capacity until 1858, when he returned to New York, 
 and again engaged in teaching school, at Turin, until the 
 sitring of 1861. He was then appointed by Abraham Lin- 
 coln Postmaster at Turin, New York, and fulfilled the duties 
 of that office for a term of four years. In 1863 he was 
 
646 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOIAEDIA. 
 
 appointed Commissioner of Board of Enrolment, and held 
 this position until the close of the war, in 1865, when he 
 moved to Morgan county, Ohio, settling at Malta, opposite 
 McConnellsville, where he was engaged as surveyor until, 
 in 1868, he was elected County Surveyor. In 1871 he was 
 re-elected to the surveyorship, but within twelve days after 
 the election was appointed County Auditor, an event due to 
 the demise of his predecessor in that office. In 1872, and 
 again in 1874, he was re-elected to the Auditorship, and at 
 the present time serves in this position. In 1850 he con- 
 nected himself with the Masonic order, and is now serving 
 a second term as Master of Valley Lodge, lie is a promi- 
 nent member of this famous organization, and is highly es- 
 teemed by his brethren as an useful and able associate. He 
 was married, Decemljer 27th, i860, to Helen M. Williston, 
 of Lewis county. New York, who died November 28th, 
 1866. 
 
 EIFER, EDWIN G., M. D., Physician, was born. 
 May 2ist, 1846, in P'airfield, Greene county, 
 Ohio, of American parentage. His father was a 
 native of Maryland, and a farmer by occupation, 
 who removed to Ohio in 1836; and settled near 
 Fairfield. His mother is a native of Ohio. H is 
 preliminary education w.as obtained in the district school. 
 Wlien but sixteen years of age he enlisted as a private in 
 the 44th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, August 15th, 
 1S62, and served with that command about eighteen 
 months, when he re-enlisted in the 8th Ohio Cavalry, under 
 General Averill, and remained in that regiment until June 
 3d, 1865, when their term of service expired. He was pro- 
 moted, November 3d, 1864, to Sergeant of Company H, 
 8th Ohio Cavalry, which position he held when mustered 
 out of the service. After his return home he entered Wit- 
 tiiiburg College, at .Springfield, Ohio, from which institution 
 he graduated in 1866. He then attended the medical de- 
 partment of the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, in 
 th.at State, and subsequently matriculated at the Cincinnati 
 College of Medicine and Surgery, graduating from the 
 latter school in the spring of 1869, and in April of the same 
 year he removed to Simesford, Madison county, where he 
 has since resided, engaged in the control of a lucrative med- 
 ical practice. He is a contributor to the literature of the 
 profession, as well as to the county press, and has gained 
 some reputation as a writer over a noni de plwne. He has 
 been an active and zealous member of the Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church for the past ten years, and is at present Super- 
 intendent of the Sunday-school, and one of the board of 
 trustees of the congregation. He has been a member of the 
 Independent Order of Odd Fellows since July, 1871, and 
 has attained the highest honors in the brotherhood. His 
 political views have ever been those adopted and held by 
 the Republican party. The position he occupies at present 
 in the community where he resides is due entirely to his 
 
 own industry, economy, frugality and perseverance. While 
 yet a youth attending school, he worked hard during vaca- 
 tions, and laid by what he earned, and after his discharge 
 from his three years’ service in the army, he appropriated 
 his pay, together with what he had previously saved, to de- 
 fraying the expenses he incurred in studying medicine. 
 Such a course ever meets with its reward, and he is now 
 reaping the fruits of his labors, and is respected and es- 
 teemed by all who know him. He was married, January 
 15th, 1868, to Lou C. Trediker, of Fairfield, Greene county, 
 Ohio, and is the father of three daughters, all living. 
 
 XTELL, MANLEY WASHINGTON, Railroad 
 Contractor, was born, March 30th, 1831, on a 
 farm in Russia township, near Oberlin, Lorain 
 county, Ohio, and is descended from one of three 
 brothers, who came to America with the Puritan 
 fathers, and settled in Massachusetts; one of them 
 was killed in the King Philip wars two hundred years ago. 
 Manley was educated in Oberlin College, and afterwards 
 learned the carpenter trade, in Amherst, Ohio, but did not 
 fancy the business, as he could not advance quickly in 
 the narrow field where he then resided. He removed to 
 Chicago, where he disposed of his tools, and after expending 
 nearly all his funds, he obtained a situation as foreman on 
 the lilinois Central Railroad. When he first applied for 
 the situation some objection was made on account of his 
 age ; but upon his expressing that he felt confident that he 
 could give satisfaction, he was placed in charge of a portion 
 of the line, and three months after was promoted to the po- 
 sition of Chief Foreman of the entire road. He remained 
 so connected for six years, and then resigned. He next 
 secured a contract to build the Iron Mountain Railroad, and 
 from this time his reputation as a railway contractor in- 
 creased, and he subsequently received and executed con- 
 tracts with the North Missouri, the St. Louis & St. Joseph, 
 and the St. Joseph & Denver Railroad Companies, beside 
 several other than railways, and from all these he succeeded 
 in making a handsome competence. He was the contractor 
 for the stone to be used in constructing the bridge across the 
 Missouri river at St. Joseph, and he jiurchased a quarry to 
 fulfil the stipulations of the contract. The total amounted 
 to $66,000, but he lost considerably by the operation. At 
 the outbreak of the civil war he entered the army in an 
 Illinois three months’ regiment, and was honorably dis- 
 charged from the service at the expiration of five months. 
 He then studied medicine at the University of Michigan at 
 Ann Arbor, and graduated in 1863, and shortly after became 
 an Assistant Surgeon at Camp Dennison, Ohio. He has 
 travelled through every Slate and Territory in the Union, 
 east of the Rocky mountains. During the latter part of the 
 war he was residing in Missouri. On one occasion, being 
 absent from home, a party of five soldiers came to the house 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 647 
 
 and demanded dinner, making many threats, and brandish- 
 ing their revolvers in the faces of the women, and alarming 
 them very much. The meal was, however, prepared, and 
 the squad had just seated themselves as Mr. A.xtell reached 
 home. He took in the situation at a glance, and sat down 
 with them. As each man had a revolver beside his plate, 
 the host produced his toothpick, remarking, “ We si,\ men 
 are good for three women ” — thus shaming them. He then 
 ordered them out of the house, and they left at his com- 
 mand, minus the dinner. Another incident is related of his 
 coolness and bravery. While sojourning in Dacotah Terri- 
 tory in 1872, a party of “ regulators ” stopped at his house 
 and ordered him to get them a pail of water. He pointed 
 to a pail near by, and remarked, “There is the pail, you 
 can get it yourselves. ’ Whereupon they drew their revolvers 
 and repeated the request. He then said he had changed 
 his mind, and would get it. Stepping within the house, he 
 obtained his pistols, cocked them and placed them in the 
 pail, and went out, saying, “ I have changed my mind again, 
 and I think I won’t get the water.” The leader of the 
 squad laughed at their dismay when the cocked pistols were 
 seen, and told the others, “ Get the water yourselves; he 
 don’t scare worth a cent.” Having made a large fortune, 
 he finally retired from active business pursuits in 1874, and 
 has settled in Amherst, Ohio, to enjoy the fruits of his 
 labors. He was married in 1865 to Catharine A., daughter 
 of Judge A. L. W’hiton. 
 
 '/^ALDWELL, HON. WILLIAM B., Lawyer and 
 ex-Chief-Justice of Ohio, was born on his father’s 
 farm, June 23d, 1808, in St. Clair township, 
 Butler county, Ohio. His parents were AVilliam 
 and Mary Caldwell, of sturdy north of Ireland 
 Presbyterian stock. They removed to Butler 
 county in 1805, and there followed the peaceful pursuits of 
 agriculture until their death. Their son resided here until 
 his twenty-second year, doing farm labor and going to 
 school whenever an opportunity offered. In 1830 he en- 
 tered the Miami University, at Oxford, in the same county. 
 Here he remained (or five years, employing his vacations in 
 farm work. At college he earned distinction as a ready and 
 forcible debater. Most of the scholars were his juniors in 
 years, and they looked up to him as a counsellor. He was 
 graduated in 1835. Among his cla.ssmates were ex-Gov- 
 ernor Dennison, Hon. Samuel F. Cary, Hon. John A. 
 Smith, and others. After leaving college he began the study 
 of law in his native county, his preceptor being Hon. John 
 Woods. He was admitted to the bar in 1837, and com- 
 menced practice at Xenia, Ohio. In 1841 he was elected 
 Prosecuting Attorney of Hamilton county, and in the fol- 
 lowing year was elected by the Legislature President Judge 
 of the Court of Common Pleas. He remained on the 
 Common Plexs bench until 1849, i** which year he was 
 
 elected by the Legislature Judge of the Supreme Court of 
 Ohio. He held this position until the adoption of the new 
 Constitution in 1851. That instrument provided for the 
 election of judges by the people, and he was again chosen. 
 At the expiration of his term he was re-elected. He was the 
 first Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court of the State under 
 the new Constitution. He resigned in 1854, and resumed 
 the practice of law in Cincinnati. He was married in 1S44 
 to Agnes, daughter of William and Eleanor Coirv, of Cin- 
 cinnati. They were blessed with three children. His wife 
 died in 1869. His career presents the rare example of one 
 starting upon a professional course late in life, and yet rising 
 to distinction. He entered college at the age of twenty-two, 
 was graduated at twenty-seven, a Prosecuting Attorney at 
 thirty-three. President Judge of Common Pleas at thirty- 
 four, on the Supreme Bench of the State at forty-three, and 
 Chief-Justice of the State at forty-six. He was straight- 
 forward and manly in all his impulses, and for the younger 
 .members of the bar he had always a kind word and a help- 
 ing hand. He died March 21st, 1876. At a bar meeting 
 held soon afterward, eulogies were delivered by some of the 
 most gifted men of Ohio, some of whom had known him for 
 half a century. At the time of his death he was a member 
 of the law-firm of Caldwell, Coppock & Caldwell, the last- 
 named being a son. , 
 
 (a.Qo 
 
 ■ EOMAN, GENERAL STEPHEN B., Mariner, 
 Soldier, and Lawyer, was born, December tst, 
 1836, in Fayette county, Ohio, and is the son of 
 Alva and Elizabeth (Cockerill) Yeoman. His 
 father was a native of New York State, and a 
 farmer by occupation, who removed at an early 
 day to Ohio, first settling in Payette county, and removed 
 subsequently (1837) to Jasper county, Indiana, where he 
 resided till his death. His mother was a Virginian by biith, 
 the daughter of William S. Cockerill, an early settler of 
 Fayette county, and a soldier of the war of 1812. Stephen 
 worked on a farm until fifteen years old, attending the win- 
 ter schools. In 1851 he absconded from his guardian, and 
 proceeding to New Bedford, shipped on a vessel “ be- 
 fore the mast,” from which he rose during his eight years 
 of a sailor’s life to the positions of second and first mate. 
 He circumnavigated the globe twice, was shipwrecked twice 
 in the south Pacific ocean, and passed twenty-seven months 
 on a whaling vessel. In 1859 he returned home, and be- 
 came a farm-hand, alternating with study at school, until 
 the outbreak of the civil war in April, 1861, when he ac- 
 companied Company F, 22d Ohio Volunteers, as Orderly 
 Sergeant, to Virginia. At the expiration of four months the 
 regiment was mustered out of the service, and he returned 
 home and recruited Company A, 54th Ohio Volunteers 
 (Zouaves), with which he went to Kentucky ns Captain. 
 He served with this regiment until January loth, 1864, 
 when, on account of losing a hand which had been blown 
 
648 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOP/EDIA. 
 
 off by a cannon shot at the battle of Arkansas Post, he re- 
 tired from the service. He was an active participant in the 
 battles of Shiloh (or Pittsburgh Landing), Corinth, Yazoo, 
 Vicksburg, and Arkansas Post, besides lesser engagements 
 and skirmishes. On his return home he was appointed a 
 Captain in the Veteran Reserve Corps, and was stationed at 
 Cincinnati until July, 1864, when he was promoted to the 
 Colonelcy of the 43d United States, and with that regiment 
 was in all the latter great battles around Richmond, Virginia, 
 and for some time commanded the 1st Brigade, ist Division, 
 25th Army Corps, and was soon thereafter promoted Briga- 
 dier-General by brevet. In 1865 he was finally mustered 
 out of the service, and on his return to civil life, engaged in 
 the drug business for eighteen months. In 1866 he was 
 elected Probate Judge of Fayette county, and held the office 
 for three years. In 1870 he retired to his farm in Madison 
 township, Fayette county, where he resided for two years, 
 engaged in agricultural pursuits. In 1872 he returned to 
 Washington, where he was admitted to the bar, and en- 
 tered upon the practice of his profession, and has since re- 
 sided there, where he has established a lucrative legal busi- 
 ness. He is a Republican in principle, and a Baptist in re- 
 ligious belief. He is a pleasant companion, of genial man- 
 ners and extensive information, having experienced so varied 
 a life in the last twenty-five years. He was married, 1864, 
 to Cordelia A., daughter of Daniel Wood, an early settler 
 of Fayette county, Ohio. 
 
 ENNEDY, WILLIAM B., Merchant, was born, 
 October nth, 1832, in Hamilton county, Ohio, 
 of American parentage ; his family were among 
 the earliest settlers of Ohio, a great-grandfather 
 being one of the pioneers of the .State. He re- 
 ceived a liberal education in Farmer's College, 
 Hamilton county, where he remained until nineteen years 
 of age, and then engaged in teaching. He subsequently re- 
 turned to the farm, continuing there until he was appointed, 
 in 1854, a clerk in the County Auditor’s office, holding that 
 position for five years. In 1859 he engaged in the manu- 
 facture of a patent match, which he continued until 1861, 
 when, in consequence of the civil war, his principal trade 
 being with the South, he relinquished it. He was subse- 
 quently employed in a clerical capacity with one of the 
 leading mercantile houses of the city until 1867, when he 
 established the firm of W. B. Kennedy & Co., and engaged 
 in the merchandise commission business, in which he has 
 since continued. He is a prominent member of the Ma- 
 sonic fraternity, also of the Odd Fellows and Knights of 
 Pythias. In the order of Odd Fellows he was, from 1866 to 
 1869 inclusive, a representative to the Grand Lodge of 
 Ohio; and a representative to the Grand Encampment from 
 1867 to 1870 and 1872 to 1875, in all eight years, over 
 which latter body he now presides as Most Worthy Grand 
 Patriarch. He was a charter member of the Grand Lodge 
 
 of the Knights of Pythias of Ohio, supreme representative 
 from Ohio to the .Supreme Lodge of the World, 1870 to 
 1872, both inclusive, and was elected an officer (S. G.) of 
 the latter body, and served in 1873 and 1874. 
 
 OLONY, HON. JAMES, Lawyer, was born, April 
 1 2th, 1848, in the city of Cincinnati, and is a son 
 of the late Daniel and Sarah (Stevens) Molony. 
 His father was a native of Roscarbery, county of 
 Cork, Ireland, a graduate of Trinity College, 
 Dublin, and emigrated to America in 1830, and 
 settled in Cincinnati. His life was devoted to literary pur- 
 suits, and he filled the Professorship of Ancient and 
 Modern Languages in Miami University, Farmer’s College, 
 and Woodward College, Ohio, successively, for about twenty 
 years, and died September 9th, 1852. His wife was a 
 native of South Danvers, Massachusetts. James received a 
 liberal education at Farmer’s College, from which he gradu- 
 ated in 1868. He then became a clerk in the Lafayette 
 Bank of Cincinnati, and subsequently was in the employ of 
 Cuppler & Marston, of St. Louis. He was also an agent of 
 the Erie Railroad at Nashville, Tennessee, until 1871. He 
 then returned to Cincinnati, where he commenced the study 
 of law with General Banning, and in December, 1873, was 
 admitted to practise at the bar, and has since given his 
 .attention to professional duties in Cincinnati, where he re- 
 sides. He was Deputy Sheriff of Hamilton county for two 
 years under George W. Wiegler. In 1873 he was nomi- 
 nated on the first ballot as a candidate on the People’s ticket 
 for the Legislature, and in 1875 ^ candidate on the 
 
 Democratic ticket for the same position, being chosen like- 
 wise on the first ballot by a large majority of the Hamilton 
 County Democratic Convention. During the civil war, 
 from 1863 until its close, he was a guidon of the 5th Ohio 
 Artillery, and was an active participant in the great battles 
 of the Tennessee and Southwest campaigns, including the 
 siege of Vicksburg. He is of pleasing and courteous man- 
 ners, has a cool and determined demeanor, and although 
 young in years, his experience in life has been varied, and 
 eminently adapts him for the profession he successfully 
 pursues. 
 
 ARFIELD, SAMUEL, Banker, was born, January 
 1 6th, 1808, in Baltimore, Maryland, and is a son 
 of the late John and Elizabeth (Speies) Marfield, 
 both of whom were natives of Germany. His 
 father was a merchant, and came to America 
 when young and settled in Baltimore, where he 
 resided until his death. Samuel received a liberal educa- 
 tion, and when sixteen years old was apprenticed to the 
 saddlery trade, which he thoroughly learned in six years. 
 He then engaged in business on his own account, as an 
 
BIOGRAPiilCAL ENCYCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 649 
 
 importer and dealer in saddlery hardware, in which he con- 
 tinued for eight years. In the spring of 1839 he removed 
 to Ohio, and settled in Circlevilie, wliere he carried on the 
 hardware business exclusively until 1848, when he asso- 
 ciated with it the banking business, finally relinquishing the 
 former in 1852, and has given his entire attention to bank- 
 ing ever since. He is now proprietor, principal officer and 
 Director of the Marfield Bank of Circlevilie. He is also a 
 large shareholder in various railroad companies. He has 
 never sought nor held any political or public office what- 
 ever. His political principles are those of the Republican 
 party; in religious belief he is a Presbyterian. His energy 
 and industry are untiring. Starting in life poor, he has 
 been himself the architect of his own fortunes, and now 
 ranks among the solid business men of Ohio. He 
 was married in 1833 to Harriet M. daughter of Henry 
 \Vright, a prominent Marylander. 
 
 AP'FENSPERGER, HENRY J,, Real Estate 
 Dealer, was born, June 29th, 1832, at East 
 Berlin, Adams county, Pennsylvania, of Ameri- 
 can parentage and of German descent. He was 
 educated at Springfield, Ohio, and after leaving 
 school became a salesman in the dry-goods house 
 of H. Hedrick, in that town, where he remained three 
 years, when, growing tired of a comparatively inactive life, 
 he turned his attention to pursuits more congenial to his 
 tastes, and entered into various speculative movements. 
 Since he became a seller of real estate he has made Toledo 
 the scene of his largest operations in that line; and that 
 city has witnessed the heaviest transactions that have taken 
 place in the entire State. Although the weather was very 
 unpropilious for such operations, yet the magic of his name 
 rendered them a perfect success in every respect. His 
 sales were not the mere ordinary transactions of a business 
 man, but the colossal undertakings of one who is innately 
 endowed with the rare talent of managing and disposing of 
 immense tracts, from which an ordinary man would shrink. 
 In fact, he has risen far above his associates in business; 
 nor is Toledo alone the scene of his triumphs. One of his 
 most remarkable sales was “ Northwood,” near Columbus, 
 Ohio, where, notwithstanding the property had previously 
 and unsuccessfully been placed in the market, yet upon his 
 assumption of the management he made it one of his most 
 brilliant transactions. He has also received various propo- 
 sitions from different States to a.ssume control of sales which 
 have startled the public by their magnitude. Since his ad- 
 vent into Toledo he has done more towards advancing the 
 welfare of that city and promoting its growth than any 
 other person in the same line of business. His success lies 
 wholly in his wide experience, in his matured judgment, 
 together with his fixed determination to engage only in 
 bona-fide and legitimate transactions. He never enters 
 82 
 
 upon any operation without bestowing upon it careful con- 
 sideration and thoroughly overlooking the field. He never 
 endeavors to hastily dispose of the property in question, but 
 bides his time, and is ever successful. Possessed of a quick 
 wit, rare business ability and an energetic, persevering dis- 
 position, he is withal a whole-souled, genial gentleman, 
 courteous to all. He has been identified as a Trustee and 
 Director of several of the leading trade associations. He 
 was married, June 20lh, 1866, to Elizabeth A. Brewster, of 
 Norwalk, Ohio. 
 
 HATTUC, AVILLIAM B., General Ticket Agent 
 of the Atlantic & Great Western Railway, was 
 born, June llth, 1841, near Jefferson, Scbuyler 
 county. New York, and is a son of Samuel and 
 Desire Shattuc, now of Ohio. He is of Scotch 
 descent, his great grandfather having emigrated 
 to America from the vicinity of Edinburgh, while his grand- 
 father, who had settled near Bennington, Vermont, fell 
 while bravely fighting under General Stark for American 
 independence. When William was in his twelfth year his 
 parents removed to Ohio, settling near Oberlin. When 
 fourteen years old he left home and began the battle of life. 
 He had many struggles to acquire an education, but he fought 
 his way, alternately teaching school and studying. At the 
 outbreak of the civil war he enlisted as a private in the 2d 
 Ohio Cavalry, and participated in many important engage- 
 ments, and M’as mustered out in 1863, having been pro- 
 moted through all the grades up to the rank of Major. On 
 his return to civil life he obtained a situation as clerk in the 
 office of the Auditor and General Ticket Agent of the At- 
 lantic & Great Western Railway Company, at Meadville, 
 Pennsylvania. Not long afterwards the general ticket office 
 was transferred to Cincinnati, where he became the A.ssist- 
 ant General Ticket Agent, and, April 1st, 1867, on the 
 resignation of General Fuller, he was appointed his suc- 
 cessor, as General Ticket Agent, which position he has 
 continued to hold. He is a most indefatigable worker, 
 and nothing in his extended and complicated department 
 escapes his attention. He is a most excellent example of 
 the self-made man of our time, having risen from obscurity 
 to his present prominent but well-earned position. 
 
 ^^'aVTS, william EDMOND.S, was born, July 
 V.Jjjl 26th, 1831, in Hamilton county, Ohio, the son 
 (^1 I of John Allen Davis and Rachel .Scull. After he 
 had received a thorough English education in 
 the district and high schools of Cincinnati he 
 learned blacksmithing, the trade of his father. 
 It is his pride that he was not behind his fellow-craftsmen 
 at the forge. At the age of twenty-four he began and con- 
 
650 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOPHiDIA. 
 
 tinned to read law for three years. About this time he was 
 appointed Principal of the Ohio State Reform P’arm School 
 for Boys, at Lancaster, where he remained near three years, 
 and then reisgned. In December, 1863, he was elected 
 Chief Clerk of the Senate of Ohio, for a term of two years. 
 While in this position he acted as special correspondent of 
 the Cincinnati Gazette. In the spring of 1864, after the first 
 adjournment of the Senate, he went out as special war cor- 
 respondent of the Cincinnati Gazette, joining Sherman’s 
 army, then at Nashville and Chattanooga. At the battle 
 of Resaca he was captured, taken to Atlanta, housed in a 
 loathsome prison-pen for several days, removed to Rich- 
 mond, Virginia, and placed by Major Carrington in “Castle 
 Thunder.” While here his suffering for the lack of the 
 necessities of life was beyond description. At the end of 
 three months he was transferred to the Confederate States 
 Penitentiary, at Saulsbury, North Carolina, while the more 
 favored correspondent of the New York World was sent 
 North. The malignity shown by Secretary of War Seddon, 
 and Robert Ould, Commissioner of Exchange, in thus dis- 
 criminating against the correspondent of a radical Republi- 
 can newspaper was of a piece with the treatment of Junius 
 Ilemi Browne and A. D. Richardson, correspondents of 
 the New York Tribune. 'I'hese latter gentlemen had been 
 four months in the Saulsbury prison when he arrived there. 
 The trio soon became fast friends. At this time there were 
 not over twenty prisoners of war in the penitentiary, most 
 of the inmates being men convicted of crimes against the 
 statute laws, deserters from the confederate army and men 
 under the ban of political suspicion. In October of 1864, 
 three months after he reached there, Saulsbury was made a 
 regular prison for Union captives. During the second week 
 of October ten thousand prisoners of war were thrown into 
 the Saulsbury prison, within a stockade embracing about six 
 acres of ground. Then began starvation, privation in every 
 form, and all the suffering incident to life in a cramped 
 prison-pen, under rigorous regimen. He had been active 
 in attending to the few sick in the prison prior to the 
 coming of the ten thousand, ministering to their temporal 
 wants as best he could, and affording spiritual consolation 
 to the suffering and the dying. His straightforward, manly 
 deportment won upon the post surgeon. Dr. Richard O. 
 Curry, a Christian gentleman, who was anxious to show his 
 appreciation of Mr. Davis’ w'orth and services. Through 
 the surgeon’s intercession a log cabin within the enclosure 
 was allotted to him and four of his friends, and he was 
 made assistant to Dr. Curry after the Union prisoners ar- 
 rived. He had entire charge of the arrangements for the 
 care of the sick, being virtually superintendent of the 
 sanitary affairs of the camp. At times he had as many as 
 three thousand sick prisoners under his charge. \Yith his 
 characteristic zeal and Christian spirit he devoted himself 
 to his labor of love and mercy, day and night going the 
 rounds of the sick wards for two months. During that 
 time nearly two thousand of his fellow-i)risoners died, and 
 
 were buried just outside of the stockade. With the aid of 
 his messmates, and what other help he could get, he did 
 much to alleviate suffering, and is credited with having 
 saved the life of many a poor fellow. Mr. Richardson, of 
 the New York Tribune, in his published account, says of 
 him in this connection : “ Mr. Davis was General Superin- 
 tendent, and brought to his arduous duties good judgment, 
 untiring industry and uniform kindness.” His sensitive 
 nature revolted at the sights which occurred with painful 
 frequency. I’risoners (particularly colored prisoners) were 
 shot by the guards without the shadow of provocation. He 
 went alone to the commandant, made a touching appeal 
 and secured a show of compassion for a short time. As an 
 instance of his brave and self sacrificing spirit, it is told cf 
 him that upon one occasion, when the guard was about to 
 fire on three colored prisoners, he interposed, gave a bold 
 order and -averted tlie deadly delivery. At the close of the 
 war letters poured in upon Mr. Davis, bringing the hearty 
 thanks of friends and relatives for his kind ministrations to 
 loved ones in the prison-pen. While at Sauksbury he be- 
 came acquainted with the order of “ Heroes of America,” a 
 secret organization of Southern men trup to the Union. 
 Soldiers belonging to this order had the double privilege 
 of being cared for by any brother member they might meet, 
 in case of escape, and being shot by the confederate au- 
 thorities if known to belong to the “ Heroes.” Mr. Davis 
 was initiated in one of the underground lodges of this order, 
 afterwards inducting his companions and about one thousand 
 other Union prisoners. Sickness and death were daily in- 
 creasing. The desire to escape, great from the first, became 
 the controlling motive. The plot was laid and the anxious 
 prisoners awaited their opportunity. It came with the night 
 of December 13th, 1864. Out into the cold, and rain and 
 darkness Mr. Davis led his little company of fugitives — 
 Captain Wolf, and Richardson and Browne of the Tribune. 
 A tedious journey of four hundred miles, beset by peril at 
 every step, lay before them. Travelling on foot under cover 
 of the night, fed by the hands of slaves, sleeping now in the 
 underbvufh, now in a deserted barn, amid the snow on the 
 mountains or drenched by the cold, chilling rain in the val- 
 leys, this stout-hearted party ])lodded on. Led by a man 
 of unfaltering purpose and sagacity, with faith in God and 
 the hope of again seeing their dear ones, they pressed on, 
 over untold obstacles, until, at the end of thirty days’ march, 
 they entered the Union lines at Knoxville, Tennessee. In 
 1866, under President Lincoln’s administration, Mr. D.ivis 
 was appointed Pension Agent — for the payment of pensions 
 — at Cincinnati, which important trust he held for five 
 years, disbursing about ten millions of dollars. In 1867 he 
 was appointed, by Governor Cox, of Ohio, one of a commis- 
 sion of three to locate and build an asylum for the insane in 
 southeastern Ohio. P'or five years he was President of this 
 commission, and as such had the pleasure of handing over 
 to the State authorities the splendid institution at Athens — 
 one of the finest of its kind in the State. Mr. Davis was 
 
Ooicxfj Pub Co Fhilci^‘‘ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.LDIA. 
 
 651 
 
 one of the organizers and managers of the Cincinnati 
 Chronicle Company, being elected President of its Board 
 of Directore. When the Chronicle was consolidated with 
 the Cincinnati Times he became President of the new com- 
 pany. During the last year of his seven years’ connection 
 with the Times he was its business manager. While ihus 
 employed, in 1873, without his solicitation. President Grant 
 appointed him Assistant Treasurer of the United States, at 
 Cincinnati. This position he reluctantly accepted and now 
 holds, discharging his duties with the industry and fidelity 
 which have through life been among his most marked char- 
 acteristics. He is largely interested in public enterprises, 
 giving much of his time not otherwise employed to narrow 
 gauge railroading about the city of Cincinnati. He is 
 President of the Cincinnati & Westwood Railroad Company, 
 which is constructing one of these suburban routes. He 
 resides at Westwood, one of the beautiful suburbs of Cincin- 
 nati, and has long been a member of the Westwood Board 
 of Public Education, having been Chairman of the com- 
 mittee which constructed the fine school building in that 
 place. The success of this project was largely owing to his 
 personal efforts. He has for twenty-five years been a mem- 
 ber of the Baptist Church, and is prominently connected 
 with several secret and social organizations ; notably among 
 them the Order of Scotch Rite Masons, he having taken the 
 thirty-two degrees of that order. August 9th, 1855, he 
 married Mary P. Stoughton, of Cincinnati, and has three 
 sons and one daughter. 
 
 EIL, WILLIAM ALLEN, was born in Columbus, 
 Ohio, on January 28th, 1836, and is a son of 
 Robert Neil, for some years a farmer, and, for 
 many. President of the Little Miami Railroad, but 
 now living in retirement in Columbus, at the ad- 
 vanced age of eighty years. William attended 
 the public schools, and after studying under Dr. Lord, a 
 very eminent teacher, entered the German University of 
 Columbus, where he remained until the age of nineteen. 
 His health being then feeble, his father purchased him a 
 farm of one thousand acres near London, Madison county, 
 to which he removed, and lived on it until a few years 
 since. He began raising stock, aiming to breed and sell 
 young horses without records. This policy has not gained 
 him the notoriety a different one might have brought, but 
 his animals are none the less valuable, and his reputation 
 for integrity is second to none in the State. During the 
 war he entered the army as Second Lieutenant of the 23d 
 Battalion Ohio National Guards, on May 9th, 1864, and 
 was mustered in at Camp Dennison, where he was immedi- 
 ately elected Captain, and on the formation of the battalion. 
 Major. The regiment, having been organized by joining 
 the 23d Battalion Ohio National Guards with the 60th 
 Regiment Ohio National Guards, proceeded to New Creek, 
 West Virginia, on May 12th, and arrived there on the 14th. 
 
 On the 29th of May eight companies were moved to Green- 
 land Gap, and on June 4th a detachment, including Neil’s 
 battalion, had a severe skirmish near Moorefield, in which 
 the rebels were defeated. The regiment was mustered out, 
 Sejitember ist, 1864. He was married. May 12th, 1864, to 
 Sarah E. Chrisman, of London, Ohio, and has three chil- 
 dren. Always a Republican, he was elected a delegate to 
 the National Convention of 1872, but on private grounds 
 declined to serve. He has always been identified with the 
 material interests of his county, and is one of its leading 
 citizens, respected by all for his strict integrity, personal 
 honor and genial manners. He is about to close out his 
 entire stock of fine horses, consisting of forty-two head and 
 comprising some of the best blood in the State, and his re- 
 tirement from stock-raising will be keenly felt by all inter- 
 ested in the improvement of the horse. At all the State 
 fairs held in central Ohio of late years he has been a promi- 
 nent exhibitor. 
 
 su 
 
 OLE, ANDREW, M. D., Physician, was born, July 
 19th, i8io, in Athens county, Ohio, and is the 
 third of ten children whose parents were Chris- 
 topher and Rhoda (Dorr) Wolf. His father was 
 a native of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, 
 of German lineage, and principally engaged in 
 farming, although he was interested in milling and in the 
 manufacture of salt ; he settled at an early day in Athens 
 county, where he married Rhoda, daughter of MaVthew 
 Dorr; she died in 1856. Andrew worked on a farm until 
 he was twenty years old, and attended school in winter. 
 In 1830 he entered the Athens Academy, where he pursued 
 a literary course for some three years ; towards the close 
 of his studies there he commenced to read medicine under 
 the supervision of Dr. Columbus Bierce, of that place. He 
 then went to Washington county. New York, where he con- 
 tinued his medical studies under the guidance of Dr. Jon- 
 athan Dorr, of Cambridge, in that county, and during his 
 three years sojourn from home also attended medical lec- 
 tures at the Vermont Academy of Medicine, graduating 
 there with honor. Returning to Athens, Ohio, he passed 
 the winter there, and thence removed to McArthur, Vinton 
 county, where he has since resided, and has established an 
 extensive and remunerative practice; his surgical skill is 
 extraordinary. He has labored incessantly and ener- 
 getically in his profession for upwards of forty years, and 
 having ever been a man of most temperate habits possesses 
 at his advanced age a powerful body and temperament. 
 Politically he is a Republican, having originally been a 
 Henry Clay Whig. His religious belief is that of the 
 Episcopal Church. He was married in 1836 to Eliza, 
 daughter of Captain Robert Lotridge, of Rensselaer county. 
 New York; .she died in 1859, having had two children. 
 He was a second time married, in i860, to Pauline Bryan, 
 also a native of Rensselaer county. New York. 
 
652 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA. 
 
 ^ATTHEWS, IION. STANLEY, Lawyer, was 
 born in Cincinnati, July 21st, 1824. His parents 
 were Thomas J. and Isabella (Brown) Matth- 
 ews, the former a native of Leesburg, Virginia, 
 and the latter a daughter of Colonel William 
 Brown, one of the pioneers of the Miami country. 
 His mother was the second wife of the father, and he was 
 the first offspring of the union. While an infant his j:arents 
 removed from Cincinnati to Lexington, Kentucky, where his 
 father was engaged as a professor of mathematics in Tran- 
 sylvania College for a time, and also as a civil engineer in 
 the construction of railroads. In 1832 he was elected Pro- 
 fessor of the Woodward High School, in Cincinnati, and 
 returned thither. In the same year his son Stanley entered 
 the institution as a pupil, where he remained until 1839, at 
 which date he entered the junior class of Kenyon College, 
 at Gambler, Ohio. He was graduated in August of the fol- 
 lowing year. He began the study of law in the fall of 1840, 
 in the city of Cincinnati. In 1842 he went to Maury county, 
 Tennessee, where he resided for a time in the family of 
 Rev. John Hudson, a Presbyterian minister, and assisted 
 him in the government and instruction of a school known as 
 Union Seminary. Shortly after this he married the daugh- 
 ter of Tames Black, of Maury county. Having been ad- 
 mitted to the bar, he commenced the practice of law at 
 Columbia, Tennessee. His stay here was brief, but during 
 its continuance he employed his leisure in editorial work 
 upon a political weekly called the Tennessee Democrat. 
 Returning to Cincinnati he was admitted to practise in the 
 courts of his native State. Through the influence of Judge 
 W. B. Caldwell he was appointed Assistant Prosecuting 
 Attorney for a term of court, and the prominence thus ob- 
 tained was the stepping-stone to his future success. Through 
 the writings of Dr. Gamaliel Bailey, then editor of the 
 Daily HeraD, of Cincinnati, he became strongly imbued 
 with the growing anti-slavery sentiment of that period. 
 When its editor removed to Washington city, to establish 
 the Ahitional Era, he succeeded him as editor of the 
 Herald, in which position he continued until the journal 
 declined as a business enterprise. His connection with 
 journalism brought him into prominence in the politics of 
 the State, and in the session of 1848-49 he was elected 
 Clerk of the Ohio House of Representatives. This was the 
 memorable session which elected Salmon P. Chase to the 
 Senate of the United States. In 1850 he returned to the 
 practice of his profession in Cincinnati, and in the following 
 year was elected one of the Judges of the Court of Common 
 Pleas of Hamilton county. He remained on the bench for 
 two years, when, in consequence of the insufficiency of the 
 salary, he resumed private practice, becoming one of the 
 firm of Worthington & Matthews, his partner having been 
 his law preceptor. This partnership lasted about eight 
 years. In the fall of 1855 he was elected to the .State 
 Senate, from Hamilton county, and served one term of two 
 years. In 1858 he was appointed by President Buchanan, 
 
 United States Attorney for the Southern District of Ohio, 
 but resigned soon after President Lincoln came into office. 
 Soon after the war of the rebellion commenced he tendered 
 his services to Governor Dennison, who appointed him 
 Lieutenant-Colonel of the 23d Regiment Ohio Volunteer 
 Infantry, then quartered at Camp Chase. The regi- 
 ment was engaged in the military operations in West 
 Virginia in the summer and fall of that year. In October, 
 1861, he was promoted to the Colonelcy of the 51st 
 Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and with his regiment 
 served under Buell and his successors in command of the 
 Army of the Tennessee. In April, 1863, while with his 
 command in Tennessee, he was elected a Judge of the Su- 
 perior Court of Cincinnati, and resigned his commission to 
 again take his seat upon the bench. Judges Storer and 
 Hoadley were his colleagues. In July, 1865, he resigned 
 for the same reason that impelled him to quit the bench in 
 1853. He is now in the very zenith of his intellectual and 
 physical powers, and occupies a prominent place in the fore- 
 most rank of the legal fraternity of the West. 
 
 ENT, ZENAS, was born in Middletown, Connecti- 
 cut, July 1 2th, 17S6. He came of good old 
 Puritan stock, a nobility of descent which rests its 
 claim upon a robust manhood and hardy virtue. 
 His father was a carpenter and joiner by trade, 
 and carried a musket in the war for American 
 independence. When Zenas Kent was a hoy, even New 
 England had made but a beginning in the development of 
 the common school system, and though he made the best 
 of his opportunities, exhausting the facilities of the country 
 school of that time and place, his early advantages were 
 very limited as compared to the common school privileges 
 enjoyed by the youth of to-day. Mr. Kent has left at least 
 one monument of the methodical perseverance with which 
 he addressed himself to every task. A copy of Adam’s 
 Arithmetic, published in 1802, which Mr. Kent used at 
 school, is now in the possession of his son, Marvin. It is a 
 well-thumbed book, now yellow with age, and a plodding 
 student has left his impress on every page. Indeed he has 
 left considerable additions to the original text. The pub- 
 lisher had had the forethought to bind numerous blank pages 
 with his letter-press, to stand the pupils instead of a slate, 
 and remain a record of his industry. On these leaves young 
 Kent carefully worked out and proved every example in the 
 book. Here was a combination of excellent traits — appli- 
 cation, method, thoroughness — in which the boy well fore- 
 shadowed the man. He entered his work on the leaves of 
 the book of his life, and he left not a blank page in it all. 
 In selecting a pursuit in life, Zenas Kent chose the trade of 
 his father, and endeavored to make himself master of it. 
 By the time he reached his twenty-fifth year, young Zenas 
 Kent was united in marriage to P.amelia Lewis, a native of 
 

 <1 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 •» 
 

 PUh. Co PtaUA’' 
 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL E\CVCLOP-EI)IA. 
 
 653 
 
 Farmington, Connecticut, a young woman of most excellent 
 traits, and withal a fitting helpmeet for him. Her father, 
 like the elder Kent, was a veteran of 1776, and a carpenter 
 and joiner by vocation. These two young people joined 
 their honest hands and humble fortunes for the battle with 
 the world. In 1S12 Zenas accompanied his father’s family 
 to the far West. The family located in Mantua, Ohio, 
 where the elder Kent died, at an advanced age. Zenas had 
 left his young wife in Connecticut, while he went prospect- 
 ing in the western wilds, and as soon as he had chosen a 
 place for his home, he returned for his wife. Together they 
 set out for the tedious’ journey to the West, and arriving in 
 Ohio settled in Hudson, then a township of Portage county. 
 This was a fortunate selection for Mr. Kent. Here he met 
 Captain Heman Oviatt, to whose fiiendship it was his 
 pleasure to acknowledge himself indebted for many kind 
 offices. Here he huilt a tannery for Owen Brown, father 
 of John Brown, of Ossawatomie fame. Mr. Kent taught 
 school during the winter while he remained in Hudson. 
 His friend. Captain Oviatt, impressed by Mr. Kent’s up- 
 right walk and industrious habits, was disposed to do him a 
 good turn and help him to start fairly in the world. Con- 
 ferences led to conclusions, and in the summer of 1815 the 
 firm of Oviatt & Kent was formed to conduct a typical pio- 
 neer store in Ravenna. Thither Mr. Kent went to erect a 
 building before the firm could begin business. The site 
 chosen was that upon which the Second National Bank now 
 stands. With his saw and plane and hammer Mr. Kent 
 helped to put up the wooden building which was to serve 
 for store and dwelling. This building was subsequently 
 moved to the south side of Main street, in Little’s Block. 
 After the firm of Oviatt & Kent had been in successful oper- 
 ation for several years, Mr. Kent was able to refund the 
 capital advanced by Mr. Oviatt, and the firm dissolved, 
 leaving the junior partner the sole control of the business. 
 In 1826, while managing his growing business, Mr. Kent 
 entered into a contract to erect the court-house, which still 
 stands in Ravenna, one of the most substantial buildings of 
 its kind in the State. In its early days it was looked upon 
 as a wonder in architectural art. From 1831 to 1850 Mr. 
 Kent was senior partner of the firm of Kent & Brewster, 
 which did a profitable trade in Hudson. In the meantime 
 Mr. Kent was accumulating a store of the world’s goods, 
 and making investments where there was fair prospect of 
 good returns. In 1832 he joined David Ladd in the pur- 
 chase of a tract of land embracing between five and six 
 hundred acres of land in the township of Franklin, now the 
 village of Kent. This tract embraced the water-power of 
 the Cuyahoga river at that place. The connection of Mr. 
 Ladd with this property was short, Mr. Kent soon becoming 
 sole proprietor. In the year of the purchase he erected 
 Kent’s Flouring Mill, the product of which has been held 
 in high repute for more than a third of a century. This 
 mill produced the first flour shipped from northern Ohio to 
 Cleveland, going by way of the Ohio canal. Having dis- 
 
 solved business connection with Mr. Ladd, Mr. Kent made 
 arrangements with John Brown to carry on the tanning 
 business in an establishment already under way. In 1836 
 Mr. Kent sold his large tract to the Franklin Land Com- 
 pany, which afterwards became the Franklin Silk Company. 
 In 1849 the Franklin Bank of Portage County was estab- 
 lished, and Mr. Kent was chosen its President. This im- 
 portant post he held until 1864, when the Franklin Bank 
 gave place to the Kent National Bank, of which he was also 
 made president, holding the position at the time of his death. 
 In 1850 Mr. Kent began the erection of a cotton factory and 
 a private residence in Franklin, where his interests had cen- 
 tered. Thither he removed on the completion of his 
 dwelling house in 1851. In the spring of 1853 Mr. Kent 
 was elected Treasurer of the Atlantic & Great Western 
 Railroad Company, filling the position efficiently for one 
 year. In Aprtl, i860, he moved into an elegant mansion 
 which he had built on Euclid street, Cleveland. While on 
 a visit to Kent, on the 21st of October, 1864, death took 
 from him the partner of his early toils and of his years of 
 ease. Thus bereft he longed for quiet and repose, and in 
 the following motith returned to P'ranklin (the name of 
 vvhich had been changed to Kent) to pass the remainder of 
 his days. Mr. Kent’s business career was that of an indus- 
 trious plodder, who gained success by deserving it. He 
 was possessed of a great fund of solid common sense, to 
 which it had pleased God to add an indomitable will, native 
 business tact, energy that never flagged, and, above all, an 
 unyielding integrity which gained him the confidence of all 
 with whom he had relations. He was a cautious, method- 
 ical business man, not given to speculation, watchful of little 
 things, and thiifty. Once, while in New York city to buy 
 goods, an incident occurred which will serve to illustrate a 
 marked trait in his character. A representative of a silk 
 house called upon Mr. Kent at his hotel at the usual hour 
 for beginning the day’s business, for the purpose of soliciting 
 his custom. Mr. Kent met his visitor and said to him, “ If 
 you expect to sell me goods, you must get up early in the 
 morning. I bought all my silks before breakfast.’’ Another 
 instance will show how dearly he held his integrity and the 
 good opinion of his fellows. While President of the bank- 
 ing department of the Franklin -Silk Company, he required 
 to be placed in his hands the means to redeem the com- 
 pany’s issues, remarking that he would put his name upon 
 no paper without having the power to protect it from dis- 
 honor. The arrangement was effected. Notwithstanding the 
 disastrous termination of the silk company, thanks to Mr. 
 Kent’s honor and forethought, its paper w.as all redeemed at 
 face value. His life record was made up of deeds that re- 
 flect lustre on his memory, and mark him as one of the pio- 
 neer noblemen of the West. In personal appearance Zenas 
 Kent was tall of stature, erect and gracefitl of carriage, dig- 
 nified of mien. Little given to society, he was nevertheless 
 affable and agreeable in all of his relations. Though fair 
 and equitable dealing made him pojntlar as a tradesman. 
 
654 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ERXVCLOIALDIA. 
 
 his retiring nature forbade many intimate friendships. 
 While malice did not enter into his heart, the very firmness 
 of his character made liiin quick to resent an abuse of his 
 confidence. Beneath a dignified exterior, bordering at 
 times upon austerity, he wore a warm and sympathetic 
 heart. He held a kind act in tender remembrance, and the 
 few friendships he formed remained unbroken to the end 
 of his days. His tastes were simple and his habits the most 
 correct. He never used tobacco or stimulants of any kind, 
 and for thirty years did not have an hour’s sickness. Mr. 
 Kent was blessed with a family of thirteen children, nine of 
 whom survive him. These he lived to see arrive at ma- 
 turity, all occupying positions of prominence and influence 
 in their respective homes. The surviving children are 
 Mrs. Harriet Clapp, of New York city; Henry A., Edward 
 and George L., of Brooklyn, New York; Marvin, Charles 
 II., and Mrs. Amelia L. Shively, of Kent, Ohio; Mrs. 
 Francis E. Wells, of Brownsville, Pennsylvania, and Mrs. 
 Emily K., wife of R. B. Dennis, Esq., of Cleveland, Ohio. 
 Of the four children deceased, Mrs. Eliza A. Poag died in 
 Brooklyn, July 4th, 1864; three, Louisa, Amelia, and an 
 unnamed infant, lie in Ravenna Cemetery. Zenas Kent 
 died suddenly at his residence in Kent, October 4th, 1865, 
 in the eightieth year of his age. His remains were interred 
 in Woodland Cemetery, Cleveland’s beautiful city of the 
 dead. In a lovely spot, removed from the hurly-burly of a 
 busy world, under the shade of the cypress and willow, by 
 the side of the wife of his bosom, sleeps all that is left to 
 earth of a man who fought the battle of life bravely aud left 
 a good name — the best of all heir-looms. At the time of 
 his death Mr. Kent’s estate was valued at ^300,000. 
 
 IKE, SAMUEL N., Merchant, was born in the 
 city of New York in 1822. He was educated at 
 Stamford, Connecticut. When only seventeen 
 years old he went south, and settled at first in 
 Florida, where he engaged in business. He sub- 
 sequently removed to Richmond, Virginia, thence 
 to Baltimore, and finally to St. Louis, in all of which cities 
 he was eng.aged in mercantile pursuits, but these not answer- 
 ing his expectations, he resolved to retur.i home. On his 
 way to New York he chanced to take his journey via Cin- 
 cinnati, reaching that city July 4th, 1844, and there he 
 concluded to remain. He opened a dry-goods store in the 
 Hopple building on Third street, and afterwards removed 
 to Pearl street. This proving unprofitable, he relinquished 
 it, and purchased a grocery and rectifying establishment at 
 the foot of Main street. In 1848 he bought a warehouse on 
 the canal. In 1853 he commenced the erection of an 
 elegant stone-front block on Fourth street below Smith ; and 
 during the same year changed his business location, and 
 likewise purchased a lot on Sycamore street near Front, 
 where he erected a substantial warehouse. He commenced 
 
 the Opera House on P'ourth, between Vine and Walnut 
 streets, in 1857, which was completed and opened to the 
 public February 22d, 1859, being one of the largest in the 
 United States; it was destroyed by fire in 1866. He rebuilt 
 it in 1871. In 1867 he was nominated for mayor of the 
 city, but declined being a candidate. He was noted for his 
 charities, and was foremost in every benevolent undertaking. 
 His kind, courteous and genial nature, unassuming manners, 
 and warmth of heart, endeared him to all those who ever 
 came in contact with him. He was married in 1846 to the 
 youngest daughter of Judge Miller. 
 
 ILFORD, JOHN BARKER, M. D., Physician and 
 Surgeon, was born, March 26th, 1833, in Batavia 
 Genesee county. New York, and is a son of John 
 Chester Wilford, who was a major in the war of 
 1812, and underwent all the hardships and perils 
 of an Indian captivity during that contest. His 
 ancestor. Colonel Wilford, was a soldier of the Revolution. 
 Dr. Wilford at an early age evinced rare talents for research 
 and study. Surrounded by all the discouragements of 
 poverty and inappreciation, the long hours of the night and 
 the uncertain glare from the family fire-place were brought 
 into requisition in satisfying his longing appetite for knowl- 
 edge. At the early age of nineteen, with but the limited 
 advantages of a common school education, he commenced 
 preparation for his chosen profession, medicine. Over- 
 coming all obstacles, he graduated with honors from the 
 University of Pennsylvania, medical department, in 1856. 
 Still thirsting for knowledge, of which as yet he had just 
 tasted, he entered the Pennsylvania Hospital, in Philadel- 
 phia, as a physician, and desirous of making the diseases of 
 women a specialty, at a later date engaged in Allen’s 
 Lying-in Hospital in the same city. In that institution 
 many vexatious combinations of disease were brought to his 
 notice, and all his mental energies aroused to minister to 
 their relief. Immediately civil war burst upon the country, 
 he volunteered his services at the front, but owing to physi- 
 cal disability was assigned to duty in one of the United 
 States Army Hospitals in Philadelphia. Here his great 
 skill in surgery found full play, and many of the brave de- 
 fenders of liberty remember him gratefully for the saving 
 of life and limb. He continued the practice of his profes- 
 sion in Philadelphia for two years after the close of the war, 
 standing high in public esteem and in the ranks of the pro- 
 fession. Attracted by the wider field of usefulness in the 
 West, he removed to Chicago in 1867, and after the great 
 fire in that city, in October, 1871, made a tour through the 
 .South, where he studied the diseases peculiar to that lati- 
 tude, in the hospitals of Memphis, New Orleans, Mobile, 
 Galveston, and other cities. He finally settled, in 1873, in 
 Toledo, Ohio, where his success in the treatment of chronic 
 dise.ases, female complaints, nervous debility, neuralgia. 
 
CalaxyPub & 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOIGEDIA. 
 
 655 
 
 scrofula, and dyspepsia, soon brought him into favorable 
 notice, which has been succeeded by a large practice with 
 its attendant benefits. Being determined to overcome the 
 disadvantages, so well Pnown by the profession, he is about 
 to establish a home hospital for women, where they can 
 enjoy all the comforts of a home, and at the same time be 
 under his especial care. He has been a member of the 
 Presbyterian Church in good standing since 1850. He 
 occupies a high social position in society, and is eminently 
 a man of the times, who conscientiously fulfils every duty 
 devolving upon him. The present century is peculiarly an 
 age of progress and advancement. Within its limits the 
 impassable barriers of other ages have passed away, and 
 science has made giant strides. In no department has there 
 been more advancement than in the science of medicine. 
 This is largely due to the special researches of special men. 
 Taking up a particular branch, each has advanced to the 
 front rank therein, inventing rare and valuable appliances 
 and patent remedies, before which diseases, long thought 
 incurable, disappear. Dr. Wilford is entitled to rank among 
 these representative men. His deep reading and earnest 
 research have confined him to the channels of private life, 
 compelling him to reject many flattering offerings of public 
 advancement and trust. He has been twice married, and 
 is the father of four children, two of whom survive. 
 
 , E LAXO, hlORTI.MER FREDERICK, D.D.S., 
 and Oculist, was born, X^ovember yth, 1820, at 
 Oak Orchard, Orleans county. New York, and is 
 a son of Doctor .\ustin and Catharine ( Almy) De 
 Lano, being of English and French descent. He 
 was educated at Cayuga Academy, which he left 
 at thirteen years of age to enter the Academy at Burton, 
 Ohio; thence he went to Ravenna .Seminary for one term, 
 and completed his studies in the Yates Academy, New 
 York. While at this latter school and subsequently, he 
 learned the printer’s trade at Penn Yan, remaining there 
 until 1837, when he removed to Detroit, and worked there 
 in a printing office, and subsequently became an attache of 
 the United States Topographical Engineer Corps for a short 
 time. He next devoted four years to the study of medicine 
 and dentistry, and finished his dental education in Adrian, 
 Michigan. When twenty-one years of age, he commenced 
 the practice of dentistry in Maumee, where he sojourned 
 one season, and travelled for three or four years; during 
 this entire period continuing his professional pursuits. He 
 then located in Sandusky, where he remained until 1868, 
 and established an extensive practice in that city, and 
 earned the reputation of being one of the leading dentists 
 in the State. In 1870 he removed to Toledo, but for some 
 years gradually withdrew from active duties on account of 
 failing health. Since 1874, however, having recovered, he 
 is rapidly regaining his old reputation. He attributes his 
 
 great success, in this line, to his close application to his pro- 
 fessional avocation ; he has also met with great success in 
 those operations performed as an oculist. He has devoted 
 many years to scientific questions bearing upon navigation, 
 and the result of which is his invention of an instrument 
 termed the “ Longimeter,” being a new method of deter- 
 mining the longitude at sea, and which is evidently destined 
 to cause a revolution in the science of navigation. It has 
 been examined carefully and critically by many scientists, 
 who have acknowledged it to be a success in every respect. 
 He was married, 1838, to Philena N. Anderson, of New 
 York. 
 
 AYES, HON. RUTHERFORD B., Governor of 
 Ohio, was born in Delaware, Ohio, October 4th, 
 1822. He is the son of Rutherford and Sophia 
 (Birchard) Hayes. His father descended from 
 George Hayes, a Scotchman, who came to X’ew 
 England about two hundred years ago; his 
 mother from John Birchard, w'ho settled in Connecticut 
 about 1640. After a good preliminary education, he read 
 law with Thomas Sparrow', of Columbus; entered the Law 
 School of Harvard College, an'' graduated in 1845. He 
 began the practice of his profession in Fremont, Ohio, but 
 for some years prior to the outbreak of the rebellion was 
 located in Cincinnati. His genial manners and fine capaci- 
 ties as a public speaker had commended him to popular 
 favor, and in the responsible official positions he was called 
 upon to fill he enlarged his reputation as a law'yer, and 
 established himself in the confidence both of the profession 
 and of his increasing numbers of clients. At the first call 
 for volunteers in 1861, lie w'as in the height of a successful 
 practice. He proffered his services, how'ever, at once, and 
 was appointed Major of the 23d Ohio Infantry, June yih, 
 1861. He served under General Rosecrans in West Vir- 
 ginia, during the summer and fall of 1861, and for a short 
 time W'as Judge Advocate on the General’s staff. He was 
 promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, November 4th, 
 1861, and took and retained command of the 23d Regi- 
 ment during the spring campaign in West Virginia, and the 
 autumn campaign under General McClellan, until he w’as 
 disabled at the battle of South Mountain. In 1862 he was 
 appointed Colonel of the 79th Ohio, but was prevented from 
 joining the regiment by the South Mountain wound ; and 
 on October 15th of that year was promoted to the Colonelcy 
 of the 23d Ohio. December 25th, 1862, he was placed in 
 command of the ist Brigade of the Kanawha Division, and 
 so continued until Sheridan’s victory at Winchester, in Sep- 
 tember, 1S64, when he took command of this Kanawha 
 Division and led it through the remainder of the active 
 campaigning in that year. In October, 1864, he was ap- 
 pointed Brigadier-General “ for gallant and meritorious ser- 
 vices in the battles of Winchester, Fisher’s Hill, and Cedar 
 Creek.” In the spring of 1865 he was given command of 
 
656 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 an expedition against Lynchburg, by way of the mountains 
 of West Virginia, and was engaged in preparations for that 
 campaign when the war closed. For gallant and distin- 
 guished services during the campaign of 1864, he was 
 brevetted Major-General. Before the close of the war he 
 was elected to Congress from the Second Cincinnati Dis- 
 trict by a handsome majority, and in 1866 w'as re-elected. 
 Although a fine speaker, he preferred not to add to the 
 multitude of words which in Congress so often darken 
 counsel, and in three sessions did not make a single elabor- 
 ate speech. His action was uniformly in the line of policy 
 of the Republican party by which he had been elected; and 
 his fidelity and sound judgment were greatly relied on by 
 his fellow-members. At the Republican State Convention 
 in 1867, he was nominated by a handsome majority, almost 
 indeed spontaneously, for the Governorship of the State, to 
 succeed Governor Cox. He thereupon resigned his seat in 
 Congress, and entered actively upon the canvass. The con- 
 test was complicated by the negro-suffrage question, the 
 bond question, and other matters which loaded down the 
 ticket w'ith an uiqtopular platform. He was, however, 
 elected over A. G. Thurman, now United States Senator, 
 by a majority of about three thousand; and was all the 
 more highly esteemed at the close of the campaign for his 
 handsome bearing throughout it. In 1869 he w'as renomi- 
 nated for Governor without opposition, and was elected by 
 a very large majority (7501) over the Democratic candidate, 
 Hon. George H. Pendleton. At the close of his second 
 term as Governor, he resumed his private business, and 
 continued thus engaged until summoned again liy his party 
 as its leader in the State canvass of 1875, which resulted in 
 his election to the office of Governor for a third term. He 
 married Lucy B. Webb. 
 
 LEMM, OTHO, Auditor of Toledo, was born in 
 Stuttgart, Wurtemberg, Germany, July, 1836; was 
 educated in the Gymnasium, and lived with his 
 j>arents until nearly fourteen. He emigrated with 
 his father to America in the spring of 1850. His 
 father leaving for California, he was placed under 
 the charge of Joseph S. Lake, a banker in W'all street, and 
 remained wdth him until 1S53, when he went to Cleveland, 
 (Jhio. Having strong recommendations to the President 
 of the Canal Bank of that city, he obtained a situation as 
 clerk in the bank until its failure in 1854, when he left for 
 Toledo. In that city he engaged with E. Haskell as clerk, 
 in the Toledo Insurance Company. After Mr. Haskell’s 
 death he became bookkeeper to W. J. Finlay until 1859, 
 when he joined the United States Express Company. In 
 that employ he remained until the war broke out, in 1861, 
 when he enlisted as a private in Battery B, 1st Illinois 
 Regiment Light Artiilery. He served three years, and w,as 
 engaged in seventeen battles, among them Belmont, Fort 
 Henry, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, Chickasaw, B.tyou, 
 
 Arkansas Post, siege of Vicksburg, and Mission Ridge. He 
 was in all the fights through Georgia, and was sent home 
 from Atlanta, Georgia, to be mustered out. Returning to 
 Toledo, he became a partner in a retail dry-goods business. 
 In the spring of 1870 he was elected Auditor of the city of 
 Toledo, and has held the position to the present time (Jan- 
 uary, 1876). He was married, December 18th, 1873, to 
 Bertha Schaumbach. 
 
 VaLL, JOSEPH LLOYD, Bank-Lock and Safe 
 Manufacturer, was born. May 9th, 1823, at Salem, 
 \IJ I New Jersey, and is the second son of Edward 
 and Anna (Lloyd) Hall. He removed with his 
 parents to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1832. His 
 educational advantages were very limited, as he 
 began to earn his own living at eight years of age; and 
 although his early tastes inclined him to mechanical pur- 
 suits, yet circumstances combined to prevent their gratifica- 
 tion. In 1840 he engaged in a steamboat enterprise, and 
 continued in that business upon the Mississippi river and its 
 tributaries until 1846, wdien he returned to Pittsburgh and 
 formed a copartnership with his father, under the firm-name 
 of E. & J. Hall, and embarked in the manufacture of fire- 
 proof safes. This industry was undeveloped, and they also 
 found such strong competition from the wealthy and long- 
 established Eastern houses in the same line, that they deter- 
 mined to remove to Cincinnati, which they carried out in 
 1S48. In that city they established the nucleus of the 
 present immense manufactory, and both father and son 
 toiled in their little workshop from day to day with inde- 
 fatigable patience and energy. They labored assiduously 
 to educate the public mind to a fuller appreciation of the 
 great security obtained by the use of fire and burglar-proof 
 safes, and stemming the current of opposition with a rare 
 and admirable pertinacity for years, they finally triumphed 
 I'er adverse circumstances and stood on a firm foundation. 
 In 1851 his father disposed of his interest in the business 
 to William B. Dodds, and the firm of Hall, Dodds & Co. 
 succeeded ; they employed, at that time, a force of fifteen 
 hands, and produced about two safes per week. This firm 
 was dissolved in 1857, and was thereafter followed by 
 others in succession, in all of which Joseph L. Hall was the 
 senior partner and chief executive. The Hall Safe and 
 Lock Company was organized in May, 1867, of which he 
 was chosen President and Treasurer, and, as formerly, still 
 exercises a rigid surveillance over all the practical operations 
 of the works. This is said to be the largest safe manufac- 
 turing establishment in the world, and is probably more 
 than four times as large as any similar concern in the 
 United States. It employs some six hundred mechanics of 
 consummate skill and experience, and has a capacity for 
 turning out about fifty safes each working day. He has 
 devoted his mechanical genius to the perfection of the arti- 
 cles manufactured by the company, and his many improve- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOP.-EDI A. 
 
 6s7 
 
 inents attest hi.s aptness and fitness for the task. lie is the 
 patentee of some thirty well-known and valuable inventions 
 in hank locks and safes. He has built some of the largest 
 safes ever constructed, and, without exception, they have 
 preserved their contents intact during the severest tests. 
 The manner in which his five hundred safes passed the 
 terrible ordeal at the great fire in Chicago, October, 1871, 
 is a sufficient proof of their reliability. The company have 
 branch houses in every important city in the Union, and 
 the reputation of the safes and locks is limited only by the 
 confines of civilization. At the outbreak of the late civil 
 war, in 1861, he undertook the execution of a contract to 
 alter, for the United States government, within thirty days, 
 five thousand Austrian muskets, and performed the work 
 so satisfactorily and efficiently, th.it he was awarded many 
 other contracts during the war. He never aspired to nor 
 accepted a public office, although often solicited to become 
 a candidate. He has been for many years an active, zeal- 
 ous, and consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, and is at present one of the most liberal supporters 
 of St. Paul’s Methodist Episcopal Church of Cincinnati. 
 .Such is the record of a man who, by dint of indomitable 
 energy and native genius, won his way to a proud and en- 
 viable position in the business and social world — a position 
 which his generous and hospitable nature well fits him to 
 grace. He was married, in early manhood, to Sarah Jane 
 Jewell, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and this union has 
 been blessed with twelve children, three sons being now 
 associated with him, all of whom are active and efficient 
 business men, the oldest, Edward C. Hall, having filled the 
 position of Vice-President of the company. 
 
 ILSOX, JAMES LEIGHTOX, M. D., Physician, 
 was born near Greenfield, Highland county, Ohio, 
 Januaiy 5th, 1821, and is the third of twelve 
 children whose parents were Adam B. and Mar- 
 gery (Dean) Wilson. His father was born, 1790, 
 in Lincoln county. North Carolina, and was a 
 farmer by occupation. He removed to Ohio in 1814, first 
 locating at Chillicothe, and finally settled, in 1816, in Madi- 
 son township. Highland county, where he resided until his 
 death, in November, 1857. He was a soldier during the 
 war of 1812, and was for a number of years Magistrate of 
 Highland county. He married Margery, daughter of Abra- 
 ham Dean, an early settler in Pike county, Ohio, where she 
 w.os born in 1795. James attended school during the win- 
 ter and a.ssisted his father in farm-work until he was nine- 
 teen years old, when he entered the Ohio University at 
 .iVthens, where he diligently studied for two years. In 1842 
 he returned home, and commenced reading medicine under 
 Drs. Milton and Alexander Dunlap, of Greenfield. In the 
 Call of 1843 went to Cincinnati to attend the lectures at 
 the Ohio MediCal College, returning home at the close of 
 
 83 
 
 the course. After remaining in the office there one year, 
 he commenced practising medicine in Champaign county 
 for fifteen months, and then took a second course in the 
 Ohio Medical College, from which he graduated with honoi 
 in the spring of 1848. In the same year he returned tc 
 Greenfield, where he has since resided, and where he has 
 established an extensive and remunerative practice. He is 
 a frequent contributor to the medical literature of the day; 
 and the essay on “ Scarlatina,” published among the trails, 
 actions of the State Medical Society in 1S52, evoked con. 
 siderable attention. He is a member of the State Medical 
 Society, and also of the Highland County Medical Society. 
 He has never sought nor held any public office whatever. 
 He was originally a Whig, but is now affiliated with the 
 Republican party, p'or the past thirty-five years he has 
 been a member of the Presbyterian Church. He was mar- 
 ried, in 1846, to Elizabeth IL, daughter of Hon. Hugh 
 Smart, one of the early associate judges and legislative 
 representatives of Highland county, Ohio; she died in 1S66, 
 having had four children. He was married, in 1 868, to 
 Margaret J. McClure (whose maiden-name was Margaret 
 J. Brown), a native of Ross county, who is the mother of 
 one child. 
 
 ^ARL.'VN, ROBERT B., Lawyer and Soldier, was 
 born, July 3tst, 1808, in Warren county, Ohio, 
 and is the seventh of ten children, whqse parents 
 were George and Esther (Eulan) Harlan. His 
 father was a native of Chatham, North Carolina, 
 of remote German ancestry, and a Quaker in 
 religious belief, a farmer by occupation. He removed to 
 Ohio in 1796, locating first at Columbia, and thence pro- 
 ceeded to Deerfield, Warren county, but finally settled, in 
 1797, north of Lebanon, Warren county, where he resided 
 until his death, December 21st, 1846. He filled at various 
 times the offices of Sheriff, County Commissioner, Justice 
 of the Peace, and Associate Judge of Common Pleas; he 
 was also a representative in the Legislature for one term. 
 His wife was a native of Rockbridge county, Virginia, 
 daughter of Jacob Ifulan, an early pioneer of what is now 
 Scott county, Kentucky, settling there in 1787, of Hol- 
 lander descent. She died December 29th, 1858, in her 
 eighty-first year. Robert worked on a farm until he was 
 sixteen years old, attending the winter district school. In 
 1828 he settled at Wilmington, Clinton county, where he 
 obtained employment in the County Clerk’s office as deputy, 
 and where he continued eight years, reading law during his 
 leisure hours. In 1837, having passed the requisite ex- 
 amination, he was admitted to practise at Chillicothe, and 
 immediately entered upon his professional duties at Wil- 
 mington, where he has ever since resided, and where he 
 has established a lucrative and extensive practice. In 
 1840-41 he represented Clinton county in the Legislature, 
 and again in 1S50-51. In 1852 he was elected Judge of 
 
658 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 
 
 the Court of Common Pleas of the Second Judicial District, 
 and held that office for one term. He was Captain, Colonel 
 and Major-General successively of the Ohio Militia under 
 the old laws. During the civil war he was Captain of Com- 
 pany B, I2th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and saw service in 
 Ohio and Virginia. He is a Republican in political faith. 
 Although he has nearly reached the limit of threescore years 
 and ten, his mental and physical powers are wonderfully 
 preserved. He was married in 1838 to Maria D., daughter 
 of Isaiah Morris, a native of Clinton county. New York, hut 
 a pioneer-settler of Clinton county, Ohio; she died in 1843, 
 having had three children. He was subsequently uniled to 
 Caroline E., daughter of George L. Hayworth, of Clinton 
 county, Ohio. 
 
 T.ARLING, LYNE, son of William and Susanna 
 (Lyne) Starling, was born in the vicinity of Boyd- 
 town, Virginia, December 27th, 1784. When 
 quite young he emigrated with his father’s family 
 to Kentucky, and in the year 1806 to Franklintou, 
 Ohio. While a youth he was appointed Deputy 
 Clerk of court at P'rankfort, Kentucky, and he was trained 
 to business and industrious habits by a precise and method- 
 ical master. Soon after his arrival in this State he was 
 appointed Clerk of the Circuit and District Courts of the 
 United States, and also of the Supreme and Common Pleas 
 Courts of P'ranklin county. After holding this position for 
 some years, Mr. Sullivant furnished him means and entered 
 into partnership wi:h him in the mercantile business. He 
 became a very successful merchant and enterprising trader, 
 being the first one who ventured cargoes of produce down 
 the Scioto and thence to New Orleans in decked flatboats. 
 He was a commissary and large contractor for supplies to 
 the northwestern army under General Harrison. P'alling 
 into bad health he travelled extensively both in this country 
 and abroad. Being a man of quick perceptions and a good 
 observer both of men and things, he gained much practical 
 knowledge and was greatly improved by his travels. He 
 finally made Columbus his permanent place of residence, 
 when he returned to take charge of the valuable estate of 
 Mr. Lucas Sullivant. He was one of the original proprie- 
 tors of Columbus, the central portion of the city having been 
 laid out on land owned by him. The old State House was 
 built by a company of gentlemen of whom Mr. Starling was 
 one, as one of the conditions upon which the seat of govern- 
 ment was located at the “ high banks opposite Franklinton ” 
 — now Columbus. Not long before his death he endowed a 
 medical college, which bears his name — Starling Medical 
 College. He died November 21st, 1848. He was exten- 
 sively known among the first men of this country, and his 
 opinions were held in high estimation by the great men of 
 his age. He had a quick, clear perception, a retentive 
 memory, a sound, unerring judgment. Pie possessed the 
 rare faculty of annihilating in an instant the space between 
 
 cause and effect. It was this peculiar, intellectual superior- 
 ity which rendered his efforts in business so uniformly suc- 
 cessful, and which enabled him, before reaching the meridian 
 of life, to amass one of the largest fortunes which have been 
 accumulated in the West. 
 
 TOUGH, WILLL‘\M, Insurance Agent, Justice and 
 Soldier, was born, January 22d, 1821, in Franklin 
 county, Pennsylvania, of American parentage of 
 German descent. He was educated in the com- 
 mon schools, and when quite young was appren- 
 ticed to learn the cabinetmaker’s trade, in Mans- 
 field, Ohio. Having perfected himself in this calling he 
 entered into business for himself, and removed to Williams 
 county, Ohio, where he also followed the lumber business 
 in connection with cabinetmaking. After a period of twelve 
 years, he engaged in general merchandise in Pulaski and 
 Bryan, where he continued for five years. In 1861 he en- 
 tered the army as Captain of Company H, 38th Regiment 
 Ohio Volunteers, and served with that command for one 
 year, resigning in consequence of ill health. He returned 
 home, where he remained for a year, and then re-entered 
 the service as a Captain in the qlh Ohio Cavalry. In Sep- 
 tember, 1864, he was promoted to the rank of Major, and 
 fifteen days thereafter again promoted, receiving the rank 
 of Lieutenant-Colonel for efficient .services, and held that 
 rank at the close of the war. He holds a brevet Colonel 
 and Brigadier-General’s commission for meritorious conduct, 
 March loth, 1865; these are for services rendered at the 
 surprise of Kilpatrick’s command by Wade Hampton and 
 Wheeler at Monroe Cross Roads, near Fayette, North Car- 
 olina; and in the “ History of the Ninety-Second Illinois 
 Infantry ” he is highly complimented for the efficient ser- 
 vices he then rendered. He was honorably discharged 
 from the service in August, 1865, and returning home was 
 elected Justice of the Peace for three terms in succession, 
 and still holds that office, and has served in that capacity 
 altogether for six terms in Williams county. In 1870 he 
 was chosen Mayor of Bryan. He is also engaged in the 
 insurance business. He has been connected with the Re- 
 publican party since its foundation. He was married in 
 1840 to .Sarah A. Redding, of Richland county, Ohio, who 
 died in September, 1864. 
 
 ip.^OWESMITH, JOHN G., M. D., was born in Lon- 
 don, England, November 5th, 1817. His parents 
 were Edward W. and Jane (Armstrong) Bowe- 
 smith, his father being engaged as a banker and 
 broker in London. After a preparatory course 
 in the public schools of his native town, he en- 
 tered in 1833 Edinburgh L’niversity, and in 1838 graduated 
 from that celebrated institution in the literary as well as 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL EN’CVCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 659 
 
 medical departments. lie immediately entered the British 
 army as Surgeon in the Light Brigade, and was subsequently 
 transferred to the 93d Highlanders. His term of service in 
 the army extended over a period of eight years and a half, 
 during which time he served with ability and distinction in 
 Russia, India and the Crimean war. In 1861 he came to 
 Quebec, and in 1868 he located in Mansfield, Ohio, where 
 he has since resided and been successfully engaged in his 
 profession. His long service in India peculiarly fitted him 
 for the successful treatment of cancers, and, though engaged 
 in a general practice of medicine, most of his time is occu- 
 pied in the treatment of cancers in their numerous and 
 various forms. In this specialty he has acquired much skill, 
 and his labors therein extend over a large tract of country. 
 He has established offices in Crestline, New Haven, Ohio, 
 Mount Vernon and Loudonville, in connection with that at 
 Mansfield for the treatment of this disease, all of which 
 places he attends in person at regular intervals. He was 
 married, in January, 1867, to Isabella Sharp Eadie, of 
 Scotch descent. 
 
 ULTM.-VN, CORNELIUS, was born two miles east 
 of Canton, Ohio, on March loth, 1827. His 
 parents were Jacob and Elizabeth (Tawney) Ault- 
 man, formerly of Pennsylvania. Soon after the 
 birth of Cornelius they settled in Uniontown, 
 Stark county, and in the course of a year there- 
 after the father died. The education he received was indeed 
 a meagre one, consisting in all of about eight months spent 
 at the village school. M’hen about fourteen years of age he 
 went to work with his uncle at the millwright trade, and 
 after a few months spent in this avocation he returned to his 
 mother, who had married John Miller, a farmer living at 
 Greentown. Soon after he engaged in learning to manu- 
 ficture spinning-wheels and grain-cradles in Greentown. 
 After mastering this business he entered the machine-shop 
 of Wise & Ball in the spring of 1845, and served there for 
 about two years. During the winter of 1848-49 he built on 
 his own account five Hussey reapers, and in the spring of 
 1849 took these reapers and emigrated to Will county, Illi- 
 nois, where, in connection with Michael Dillman, he started 
 a machine-shop. Here he remained until the fall of 1850, 
 when he returned to Greentown, Ohio, and purchased the 
 interest of Michael Wise, in the business of Wise & Ball, 
 whq had a machine-shop at that place. The firm at this 
 time consisted of Michael Wise, Ephraim Ball and Lewis 
 Acker. In a short time Mr. Aullman also secured Acker’s 
 interest in the business, and subsequently disposed of it to 
 I.ewis Miller and George Cook. He also sold one half of 
 the interest he had bought of Wise to David P'ouser. The 
 firm now became Ball, Aultman & Co., and immediately 
 thereafter enlarged their business, and in the winter of 
 1850-51 manufactured twelve reapers and six threshers (the 
 
 1 
 
 old firm having built but six threshers the previous year). 
 Seeing the necessity and great advantage of being on the 
 line of a railroad, they moved their works in the fall of 1851 
 to Canton, Ohio, and there erected buildings, in which dur- 
 ing that winter they turned out twenty-five reapers. At this 
 time the entire capital of the firm was but four thousand 
 dollars ; but the citizens of Canton feeling much interest in 
 the success of their establishment, and having great confi- 
 dence in the ability and integrity of the firm, advanced, at 
 low rates of interest, in order to allow them to enlarge their 
 business, eight thousand dollars, securing themselves by 
 accepting a mortgage on the buildings. In the fall of 1852 
 Mr. Aultman purchased Mr. P'otiser’s interest in the busi- 
 ness, and subsequently sold the same to Thomas R. Tonner. 
 In the spring of 1855, just as the company were in a fair 
 way to establish a flourishing business, their works, with the 
 finished and unfinished work therein, were destroyed by 
 fire; and this disaster not only robbed the firm of their all, 
 but left them about eleven thousand dollars in debt. But 
 the Cantonians had learnt to regard this concern as an insti- 
 tution of their own, and having no doubt of their ability to 
 recover from their misfortunes, immediately furnished them 
 with several thousand dollars in money with which to re- 
 sume operations. They now engaged in the manufacture 
 of Ball’s Ohio mower, an invention of Mr. Ball, and a 
 threshing machine known as the “sweepstakes.” In the 
 fall of 1858 Mr. Ball withdrew, and the firm became C. 
 Aultman & Co. After Mr. Ball’s retirement the new firm 
 engaged in the manufacture of the “ Buckeye mower,” an 
 invention of their own, which now has a world-wide repu- 
 tation. The business prospered largely, and during the war 
 the sales of machines were exceedingly extensive. In 1863 
 the company, desiring to still further enlarge their business, 
 started a branch at Akron, Ohio, which concern is still in 
 operation and known as Aultman, Miller & Co. In 1863 
 the First National Bank of Canton was organized by Mr. 
 Aultman and others ; and he has acted as I’resident since its 
 organization. This monetary institution, like all others 
 with which he is connected, enjoys the utmost confidence 
 of the community, and has nobly weathered all the financial 
 panics that have visited the country since the time of its 
 opening. In 1865 a stock company was organized out of 
 the concern, having a capital stock of one million of dol- 
 lars, which is all taken, and they have the power to increase 
 the same. The corporation is known as C. Aultman & Co. 
 For several years Mr. Aultman acted as general manager 
 and Superintendent, but his time is now occupied solely in 
 looking after the various and valuable patents owned by 
 the company; and it is but justice to say that no one is 
 better authority on patents in the mower and reaper line. 
 In 1867 he .started in .Mansfield, Ohio, in connection with 
 H. H. Taylor, of Chicago (now deceased), an e.stablishment 
 for the purpose of manufacturing the vibrator threshing 
 machine, which is also made at Battle Creek, Michigan 
 — Mr. .\ultman having a sixth interest in the establishment 
 
66o 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL EXCVCLOP.-EDIA. 
 
 at the last-named place. lie was married in 1S46 to Eliza 
 Wise, of Greentovvn, Ohio, who died in February, 1866. 
 In the fall of 1869 he was married to his present wife, nee 
 Kate Barron, but at that time Mrs. Reybold, of Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 .ALT., IION. JAMES, Soldier, Author, Lawyer and 
 Jurist, was born, August 19th, 1793, in the city 
 of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and was a son of 
 Jolin Hall, whose father was a wealthy Maryland 
 jdanter. His mother was a daughter of Rev. Dr. 
 John Ewing, Provost of the University of Penn- 
 sylvania and a celebrated Presbyteiian divine ; she was a 
 woman of rare intellectual powers, the authoress of “ Con- 
 versations on the Bible,” which was widely puljlished in 
 this country and reprinted in London. She it was who in- 
 structed her son James, whose health was feeble in youth, 
 and was not sent to school except at brief intervals. He 
 became thoroughly versed in English literature, and ob- 
 tained a good knowledge of Latin and French. While a 
 youth he was placed in a merchant’s counting-house, where | 
 he remained two years. The war of 1812 breaking out, he 
 was active in assisting to organize the Washington (juards, 
 his name heading the muster-roll. The captain was Condy 
 Raguet, and went into service at W’ilmington, Delaware, 
 where they encamped for several months. In the fall of 
 the same year he was commissioned a Lieutenant cif the 2d 
 Regiment United .States Artillery, commanded by Colonel 
 Winfield Scott, and garrisoning Fort Mifllin, below Phila- 
 delphia. In the following spring he marched with that 
 command to the Niagara frontier, and joined the gallant 
 army of Scott, Brown and Ripley, which invaded Canada 
 and fouglrt the brilliant battles of Chippewa, Niagara and 
 P'ort Erie. He participated in all these engagements, com- 
 manding a separate piece at Chippewa, and was compli- 
 mented for good conduct in the fight. At the battle of 
 Lundy’s Lane he received a musket ball in his left arm, 
 which he carried to his grave. After peace was declared, 
 in 1815, he was retained in the service, and was selected 
 subsequently as one of five artillery officers to accompany 
 the expedition against Algiers, commanded by Commodore 
 Decatur, and after a five months’ cruise in the Mediter- 
 ranean he returned home. He was stationed afterwards at 
 Newport, Rhode Island, for over a year, and was ortlcred, 
 in 1817, to Pittsburgh, on ordnance duty. Here, while 
 still in the service, he completed his law studies — which 
 had been interrupted by the war — under the supervision of 
 Hon. Walter Forward, and on being admitted to the bar, in 
 1818, resigned his commission of Captain in the army, 
 having been promoted to that rank. He had already been 
 a contributor to several journals, esjrecially to the Poit 
 Folio, a monthly m.agazine edited by his brother, John E. ' 
 Hall, and published by another brother, Harrison Hall, in 
 Philadelphia. Early in 1820 he descended the Ohio in a : 
 
 keel-boat, and wrote a series of “ Letters from the West,” 
 which were published originally in the Port Folio, and sub- 
 sequently collated into a volume and republished by Col- 
 burn, of London, in 1828. He reached Shawneetown, 
 Gallatin county, Illinois, in the summer of the same year, 
 where he took up his residence and commenced the prac- 
 tice of his profession, at the same time editing the Illinois 
 Gazette, published there. He was soon after appointed 
 Prosecuting Attorney for the circuit composed of nine 
 counties, and for four years filled that position. In those 
 early days it was the custom for the judge and other court 
 officers, as well as the lawyers, to journey together from 
 county to county on h.orseback, their numbers insuring 
 them protection ; in the course of their journeys they en- 
 countered the usual privations of a sparsely settled frontier 
 country. A new judicial system being established, he was 
 elected Judge by the I.egislature, and was on the bench 
 two years when the law was repealed, upon a change of 
 political party power, and he was legislated out of office. 
 He was, however, elected State Treasurer, which position 
 he held four years, removing to Vandalia, the then capital, 
 and where for a time he edited the Illinois Intelligencer. 
 During all this peiiod he was actively employed in en- 
 couraging the settlement of the .State and in organizing 
 social institutions. For the purpose-of inviting immigration 
 he corresponded largely with distant journals, writing de- 
 scriptions of the country, etc. He also established the 
 Illinois Magazine, a monthly periodical, of which he was at 
 once editor, publisher, and almost the only contributor. It 
 was dropped, however, in two years, when he removed to 
 Cincinnati. He was also one of the commissioners, in 
 1825, to revise the “Statutes of Illinois,” and performed a 
 large share of the work. Soon after his arrival in Cincin- 
 nati he established the Ilestejn Monthly Magazine, and 
 contributed largely to its pages. In 1835 he was appointed 
 Cashier of the Commercial Bank, a large moneyed institu- 
 tion, whose charter expired in 1843, and which he wound 
 up as agent of the stockholders, paying them a large sur- 
 plus. He was also elected Cashier of the new bank of the 
 same name, with a smaller capital, owned by a few persons, 
 himself being one, and almost entirely managed by him. 
 He afterwards became its President, and so continued until 
 his death. He was a voluminous writer, and his works 
 number many volumes; prominent among these is his 
 “ History and Biography of the North American Indians,’’ 
 3 volumes, folio, with 120 colored lithographic portraits of 
 noted Indians, taken from life under the direction of the 
 War Department at Washington. The work was published 
 at $120 a copy. Not only was he an elegant writer of 
 prose, but he is the author of some of the most beautiful 
 lyrics itt the English language. Not only is his verse per- 
 fect, l)Ut there runs through the whole of his poems an en- 
 thusiastic glow and a tenderness of sentiment rarely united. 
 He was twice married: first to Miss Hosea, and afterwards 
 to Mary L., sister of Ganz Anderson, General Robert 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL PIXCVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 66 1 
 
 Anderson and Governor Charles Anderson, all children 
 of Major C. Anderson, of ihe revolutionary army. Two 
 daughters survived the first marriage, Mrs. Charles F. 
 Foote and Mrs. William J. Whiteman. By his second wife 
 he was the father of William A., J. Harrison (a graduate 
 of West Point), Mrs. Thomas 11 . Wright and Kate L. 
 Hall. He died at Loveland, near Cincinnati, July 4th, 
 1 868. 
 
 ^AYLOR, SAMUEL CHARLES, D. D. S., Dentist, 
 was born, July 30lh, 1835, in Dauphin county, 
 Pennsylvania, of American parentage and of 
 English and Hollander descent. He was edu- 
 cated in the Halifax High School, in his native 
 county, and studied dentistry with Dr. 11 . H. 
 Martin, in Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, where he 
 remained for two years^ He then attended the regular 
 courses of lectures in the Ohio Dental College, Cincinnati, 
 from which he graduated in 1856. He commenced the 
 practice of dentistry in Perry county, Pennsylvania, where 
 he resided until 1859, and thence removed to Monroe, 
 Michigan, where he abode for seven years. In October, 
 1866, he changed his residence to Toledo, where he has 
 ever since been engaged in an extensive and remunerative 
 practice, enjoying the heaviest patronage of any of his as- 
 sociates in that city. He attributes his success to his thor- 
 ough knowledge of operative dentistry. He is a member 
 of the State Dental and American Dental Associations, and 
 also of other similar organizations. He is warmly attached 
 to the Masonic order, being a member of Toledo Lodge, 
 Xo. 144, Fort Meigs Chapter, Xo. 29, and Council No. 33. 
 He was married, December 2d, 1862, to Angeline Manning. 
 
 "OWEN, GENERAL BENJAMIN R., Soldier and 
 Banker, was born August 15th, 1831, and is a 
 son of the late Hon. Benjamin S. Cowen (whose 
 biographical sketch will be found in this volume, 
 as also that of his brother, D. D. T. Cowen). 
 
 He received an Phiglish and classical education 
 at “ Brook’s Institute ” and another school of similar char- 
 acter in St. Clairsville, whither his father had removed in 
 1832; and this was supplemented by a practical printer’s 
 education in the office of the Belmont Chronicle, of which 
 journal he became editor and sole proprietor when twenty- 
 one years of age. He also studied medicine, but never prac- 
 tised that profession. He disposed of the paper in 1857 
 and removed to Bellaire, where he was engaged in mer- 
 cantile pursuits until i860, meanwhile having served as 
 Clerk of the House of Representatives and Secretary of 
 State of Ohio. At the outbreak of the civil war he enlisted 
 as a jirivate srddier in the 15th Ohio. After serving in 
 
 various important offices he was appointed Adjutant Gen- 
 eral of Ohio, in which position he had charge of organ- 
 izing, equipping and forwarding to the field the troops 
 known as the “Ohio National Guards;” and it was for 
 “meritorious services” in this connection that he received 
 the successive appointments of Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel, 
 Brevet Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General, to date from 
 the 15th of March, 1S65. Immediately after the close of 
 the war he returned to Bellaire, where he resumed his mer- 
 cantile business; and thence, shortly afterwards, removed 
 to Cincinnati to embark in the grain trade. While a resi- 
 dent of the latter city he was appointed Supervisor of In- 
 ternal Revenue for the Southern District of Ohio. In 1S73 
 he was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Department of 
 the Interior, Washington, District of Columbia, which po- 
 sition he honorably filled, and resigned, without the least 
 stigma or suspicion resting upon his good name, so common 
 in these scandal-mongering days. He is now a resident of 
 Bellaire, where he is engaged in the banking business. He 
 was married in September, 1854, to Ellen Thoburn, of Bel- 
 mont county, Ohio. 
 
 ■'^EOMAN, COLONEL SAMUEL NYE, Soldier 
 and Merchant, was born, October 14th, 1828, in 
 Wayne township, Fayette county, Ohio, and is a 
 son of Samuel F. and Asenelh (Nye) Yeoman. 
 His father was of English descent, a native of 
 Onondaga county. New York, where also his 
 mother was born, she being of French and Irish lineage. 
 His father was a merchant, who removed to Ohio in 1814, 
 at first locating in Knox county, and finally settling in Fay- 
 ette county, where he resided, with the exception of two 
 years passed in Clarke and Warren counties, until his 
 death, in 1858. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, a 
 son of James Yeoman, a revolutionary soldier. He repre- 
 sented Fayette county in the Legislature for one term, and 
 was a Justice of the Peace for many years. .Samuel was 
 educated in the common schools. When twelve years old 
 he went into his father’s store in Washington, Fayette 
 county, where he continued eight years. In Eebruaiy, 
 1849, he went to California, overland, and passed two years 
 in the mines. In 1851 he returned to Washington, pur- 
 chased his father’s interests in his store, and continued the 
 business until the autumn of 1853, when he relinquished it 
 to become a dealer in lands, which latter avocation he pur- 
 sued until 1858, when he again became a dry-goods mer- 
 chant in Washington, and has since resided in that town, 
 where he has prospered wonderfully, being the ]iroprietor 
 of one of the largest dry-goods houses in southern Ohio. 
 During the early months of the civil war he was Chairman 
 of the Military Committee of Fayette County. He was 
 commissioned Major of the 90th Ohio Volunteers, June 
 14th, 1862, and recruited four hundred men for that com- 
 
 I 
 
662 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL E^XVCLOP.'LI)IA. 
 
 mand in Fayette county. He accompanied the regiment to 
 tlie field in August of that year, and during their service of 
 three years participated willi them in the great battles of 
 Perryville, Stone River, Chattanooga (siege and battle). 
 Mission Ridge, Atlanta, Jonesboro’, Pulaski, Spring Hill, 
 Franklin and Nashville, besides other lesser engagements 
 and skirmishes. He was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel 
 in 1863; to Colonel in the fall of the same year, and was 
 brevetted, December 15th, 1864, for gallant and meritorious 
 conduct at the battle of Nashville, under the eye of General 
 George H. Thomas. He was honorably discharged from 
 the service in June, 1865, being mustered out with his regi- 
 ment at Camp Dennison, and soon thereafter returned to 
 Washington, where he resumed his mercantile pursuits, 
 which had suffered neglect during his absence. In October, 
 1868, he was elected to the Ohio Senate, where he served 
 two years. In 1873 ^e was again elected to the upper 
 House of the Legislature, and served other two years. In 
 the fall of 1874 he organized the Dayton & Southeastern 
 Railroad Company, and also the Springfield, Jackson & 
 Pomeroy Railroad Company, and has been President of the 
 former since its organization. He is a Republican in politi- 
 cal principle, and a Baptist in religious belief. He was 
 married in 1852 to Susan M., daughter of Colonel John 
 Comley, of Perry county, Ohio 
 
 FATTY, GFORGF STEWARD, D. D. S., Den- 
 tist, was born, September 30lh, 1813, in Penfield, 
 Monroe county, and is a son of the late Benjamin 
 and Amy Beatty, both Americans and of Irish 
 and Hollander descent. He was educated at 
 Penfield and Victor, New York. When he was 
 about thirteen years old his father died, and, his mother 
 marrying again, he went to live with an aunt, with whom 
 he remained until he was twenty-two years old. One year 
 afterwards he was appointed Constable and Deputy Sheriff 
 of Chautauqua county. New York, which positions he held 
 for two ye.ars. In 1838 he removed to Buffalo, where he 
 was engaged in the grocery business for two years, and in 
 1840 he went to Meadvillc, Pennsylvania, where he com- 
 menced reading medicine, meanwhile studying dentistry. 
 In 1S42 he commenced practising the latter profession in 
 Meadville, where he continued for two years thereafter, 
 and then removed to Canton, Stark county, Ohio, where he 
 continued his professional duties for some time. After visit- 
 ing other towns he finally settled in Toledo, in 1865, where 
 he has since resided, and where he takes rank as a leading 
 dentist. He attributes his success to his close application 
 to business and his skill in mechanical and operative den- 
 tistry. He is a member of the Masonic order in good 
 standing, being connected with a lodge in Canton. His 
 political sentiments were originally those of the Whig | 
 
 parly; but since the demise of that organization he is at- 
 tached to Republican principles. He was married, 1S35, 
 to Charlotte Whitney, of New York Slate. 
 
 ILLIAMS, PETER THOMAS, Directory Pub- 
 lisher, was born, May 2d, 1812, in Delhi town- 
 ship, Hamilton county, Ohio. This township 
 adjoins the city of Cincinnati. His remote an- 
 cestors were Welsh people of respectability. 
 Their descendants settled in Virginia, and were 
 the owners of plantations there. During the colonial 
 troubles, which ended with the Revolution, they were true 
 patriots, and warmly espoused the cause of democratic gov- 
 ernment. The great-grandparents of the subject of this 
 sketch were cruelly massacred by savages during the old 
 French and Indian wars, their houses and barns burned, 
 and their eldest son, after a prolonged resi.-,tance, wounded 
 and carried into captivity. Bishop Asbury, in his “Journal,” 
 gives a lengthy account of the captivity of Richard Wil- 
 liams, and in the recital speaks of the “ wonderful deliver- 
 ances ” and “ extraordinary combinations of providences” 
 by which the prisoner, after being condemned to death, even- 
 tually escaped and was restored to his family. The bi.shop 
 afterwards visited Richard Williams at his home, and in his 
 quaint style says he was “ a faithful man — his wife a pious 
 woman, and they had meeting at the house.” The Wil- 
 liamses were among the oldest Methodist families in Vir- 
 ginia, and their house was not only a place where “ meet- 
 ings ” were held, but was also a resting-place and home for 
 the pioneer Methodist preacher. Peter Williams, father of 
 Peter T., was the second son of Richard. He intermarried 
 with Ann Dugan, daughter of Thomas Dugan, who bore 
 him six sons and one daughter. She was an affectionate 
 wife, a kind mother, and was unobtrusively charitable and 
 religious. Soon after their marriage the family removed to 
 Ohio. The husband, being a second son, fell heir to but 
 little of his father’s estate, the law of inheritance then in 
 vogue in Virginia giving all the real estate to the eldest 
 male issue. He started in life as a practical surveyor, and 
 afterwards became a mail-contractor. He w'as subsequently 
 induced by the government to go to the then “ far West,” 
 for the purpose of establishing mail routes and post-offices 
 in the new country being opened up for settlement. He 
 arrived in Ohio in 1807, and immediately entered upon his 
 duties. For more than twenty years he served the govern- 
 ment in his new field of labor, and was faithful and ener- 
 getic in the discharge of his important duties. His income 
 was considerable, and his savings were invested in real 
 estate. In a few years he became one of the largest land- 
 holders in southern Ohio. He died in the sixty-seventh 
 year of his age, but lived to see his landed estates become 
 very valuable. His son, Peter T., has recently disposed 
 of a part of the lands descending to him, to a building 
 
BIOGRArHICAL ENCVCLOP/BDIA. 
 
 663 
 
 association, on which the beautiful suburban village of 
 Mount Peter is now being built. His house, like that of 
 his father, was long the place at which Methodist meeting 
 was held, and so continued to be until he built a church in 
 his neighborhood and donated it to trustees of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church for the use of his fellow-worshippers. Of 
 his children only three now survive, viz. : Squire James P., 
 Crptain William L. and Peter T. The two former are 
 owners of large farms cut out of the old Williams estate, 
 and are highly respected citizens of the community in which 
 they reside. Peter T. was the fifth son. lie was given 
 such education as the schools of the neighborhood afforded. 
 He afterwards attended Talbott’s Academy, in Cincinnati ; 
 and from his attendance here, and the instruction he received 
 in a class taught by Professor O. M. Mitchel (afterwards a 
 distinguished Ceneral in the late war), he acquired a reason- 
 ably good education. PTom his sixteenth to his twentieth 
 year he was in the office of Looker & Reynolds, publishers 
 of the iVational Republican, the leading Democratic journal 
 of Cincinnati. While here he learned much of the art and 
 mystery of printing. About this time his health failed, and 
 he returned to his father’s house. During the time he was 
 an invalid he commenced the study of the law. Having first 
 read “ Blackstone’s Commentaries ” and other text -books, 
 he entered the Cincinnati Law College as a student, passed 
 through its full course of instruction, and was regularly 
 graduated by that institution. He was married in 1844 
 to Kate E. Vincent, only daughter of Bartlet C. Vincent, 
 of Hamilton county. They were blessed with eight chil- 
 dren, six of whom, four sons and two daughters, are 
 living. The mother died in the fall of 1875, deeply 
 lamented by her husband and children, and the large 
 circle of friends to whom her many virtues and true and 
 generous nature had endeared her. In i860 he began his 
 present business of “ Directory” publisher. Owing to busi- 
 ness arrangements existing between himself and the then 
 publisher of the “ Cincinnati Directory,” it became his in- 
 terest to purchase the establishment. .Since then he has 
 been the sole proprietor, and, under the style of Williams & 
 Co., the annual publisher of the “ Cincinnati Directory.” 
 He entered upon his new work with great energy, and with 
 a determination to make improvements, and more especially 
 to perfect a system for canvassing large cities and for testing 
 the completeness and accuracy of the information obtained 
 by canvassers. This he perseveringly labored at until a 
 system was developed by which the important object sought 
 has been attained as fully as it is possible in an undertaking 
 of the kind. The business public has not been slow to recog- 
 nize this enterprise, and each succeeding edition has been 
 rewarded with increased circulation and patronage from the 
 merchants and business men of the city. The routine of the 
 office goes on with clock-like regularity; the long experience 
 of the proprietor in the business and the fixed rules of the 
 office, so rigidly and persistently enforced, has given the 
 house a high reputation and made its publications standard 
 
 •of their class. The large foreign element in the population 
 of Cincinnati presents a formidable obstruction to strict ac- 
 curacy in the orthography of names. This, however, is over- 
 come by the publisher by employing intelligent men of 
 different nationalities as canvassers. The “ Directory ” of 
 the previous year is never used as a guide for the preparation 
 of a succeeding volume, each square of the entire city being 
 required by the publisher to be thoroughly canvassed an- 
 nually to obtain the information contained in the new issue. 
 Many of the features of the “ Cincinnati Directory ” are en- 
 tirely original with the proprietor, and are the causes of the 
 great popularity of the work. To collect annually the in- 
 formation and perfect and prepare the copy of the “ Cincin- 
 nati Directory ” for the press is an undertaking which 
 requires the expenditure of a great amount of labor and 
 capital. During the time of the annual canvass a force of 
 from forty to fifty canvassers and compilers are constantly 
 employed. The following is a partial list of the directories 
 published by Williams & Co. : “ Cincinnati Directory,” 1200 
 to 1500 pages, published annually ; the “ Ohio State Direc- 
 tory,” quarto, bi-annually, a most complete and systematic 
 work; Columbus, Dayton, Hamilton, Chillicothe, Ports- 
 mouth, Xenia, in Ohio (at intervals) ; Covington, Newport, 
 Lexington, in Kentucky (at intervals) ; Richmond, Fort 
 Wayne, Evansville, in Indiana (at intervals) ; Wheeling, West 
 Virginia, and many other towns of more or less importance. 
 The publisher has employed hundreds of men, and done 
 business with many thousands, and yet, during all his 
 varied experience with the world, he has never entered suit 
 against a delinquent, neither has he ever been sited for a 
 debt. Nor has he ever failed to meet an obligation to an 
 employe, or suffered his note to go to protest. This has 
 been the result of a strict method in business, albeit nursed 
 by an abhorrence of litigation. He has ever been temperate 
 in his habits, and as a publisher most energetic and perse- 
 vering in the discharge of duties of a most difficult and per- 
 jilexing character. 
 
 ^/RYON, HOSMER CRAHAM, Agriculturist, Po- 
 mologist, and h'ish Cultivator, was born, October 
 27th, 1825, in Vernon township, Oneida county. 
 New York, and is the second son of Jesse and 
 Eunice (Craham) Tryon. His grandfather, 
 Thomas Tryon, was a native of Middletown, Con- 
 necticut, a soldier of the revolutionary war, and a prisoner 
 of war to the British, who placed him in confinement in 
 the noted “Sugar House” in New York city, and in the 
 prison ships in the bay, where for three years he endured 
 the terrible hardships and privations, while hundreds of his 
 companions perished around him. About 1790 he removed 
 with his family to the wilderness of Oneida county. New 
 York, where he died in 1837, aged eighty-three years. In- 
 vestigation shows that from his ancesti'y have sprung the 
 entire stock bearing his name in the United States. Hos- 
 
664 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ENCVCLOIVEDIA. 
 
 uier was brought up to labor 011 the farm, and had but few 
 opportunities for acquiring an education, his father being 
 practically opposed to it; he however attended for a brief 
 season the winter school, and he thirsted for knowledge. 
 Determined to gain a proper education, he finally, surrepti- 
 tiously, left home, and sought the counsel of Rev. C. S. 
 Percival, then one of the professors of the Clinton Liberal 
 Institute, who advised him, that if he was determined to 
 leave his father, he would render him what assistance he 
 could in the way of acquiring an education. On his return 
 home, his father questioned him as to his absence, and 
 finding his son was determined to obtain his wishes, was 
 obliged to allow him to depart, which he did forthwith. 
 He soon obtained work, whereby he accumulated enough 
 money to carry him through the institute during the winter 
 session, and to board himself. Before entering the school, 
 however, a reconciliation was effected betw'een his parent 
 and himself, the former offering to compromise the matter, 
 but the son refused. Eor the three following years he led 
 a varied life, alternately laboring and studying, and then 
 t -'aching. He was induced by a companion to invest his 
 earnings in statistical maps and charts, and unite with him 
 in a peddling tour to the South. This project was carried 
 out in a light wagon drawn by one horse, in which they 
 traversed southern Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois. 
 At the return of spring they turned to the eastward, and 
 after a brief stay in Ohio, visited Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, 
 B illinrore, and other places of interest, and thence returned 
 to Olean, New York, after being absent nine months. He 
 then accepted his father’s offer of sixteen dollars w'ages per 
 month, for three months’ labor on the farm, and when this 
 contract was fulfilled he determined to purchase a farm 
 owned by his father in Kirtland towmship. Lake county, 
 Ohio, and the latter having accepted his proposition he re- 
 moved thither, in November, 1847. By his energy, per- 
 severance, and industry, he has evolved from the wdlder- 
 ness a fine farm, a portion of which is devoted to the 
 cultivation of choice fruits. He has also paid considerable 
 attention to fish culture, and has demonstrated the fact that 
 the brook-trout may be successfully grow'ir in the spring 
 waters of Ohio. He is no politician in the common accept- 
 ation of the term, but he is an ardent Republican, and has 
 been identified with the Free-Soil party since its inception. 
 He has been elected to various positions in the township, 
 and is now President of the Board of Education of Wil- 
 loughby, and a Trustee of Willoughby College. In 1873 
 he ran as an independent candidate for the Legislature, and 
 w'as elected ; notwithstanding there were four other candi- 
 dates for the position, he received within twenty-four of 
 half the entire number of votes cast. In 1875 
 nominated by the Republicans for the same position, and 
 elected. During the civil war, though unable to enlist in 
 the service, he took an active part in sustaining the Union 
 cause, and became a Captain of “home guards.” On the 
 reorganization of the militia in 1863, he was commissioned 
 
 by Governor Tod, First Lieutenant of a company, and was 
 afterward appointed Adjutant of the regiment by Colonel 
 Houliston. He is an earnest friend to the free-school sys- 
 tem, and a believer in compulsory education. He is like- 
 wise in favor of protection to American manufactures, the 
 temperance movement, civil rights, including the extension 
 of the right of suffrage to women ; and that capital punish- 
 ment should be abolished. He was married, September 
 5th, 1850, to Irene B., daughter of Horace Dexter, of 
 Stockbridge, Madison county. New York, and is the father 
 of six children, five of whom are now living. 
 
 I^/OBINSTIN, ISAAC IL, M. D., was born in Osna- 
 burgh. Stark county, Ohio, June 28th, 1838. His 
 parents came from Pennsylvania. He attended 
 school at l.ouisville, Ohio, and subsequently, in 
 1858, went to Tiffin, and made theology his 
 study. Becoming discouraged in this pursuit, 
 he turned his attention to medicine under the direction of 
 Professor J. D. Wilson, in the old Allopathic School at 
 Cleveland. After receiving his diploma, he commenced 
 practice, in which he is still engaged in Cleveland with 
 marked succe.ss. He has travelled over the greater part of 
 twenty-three States, and in doing so has spent a fortune, 
 trying to find new' fields of labor. In 1861 he entered the 
 United States service under Colonel Piatt, of Cincinnati, 
 for three months, and thereafter for three years under Col- 
 onel Samuel Beatty, of Canton, Ohio, and continued in the 
 army altogether for four years, serving faithfully as Assistant 
 Surgeon, and receiving honorable discharge. At the time 
 of entering the army he w'as a Democrat, but he became a 
 sound Republican in 1863. He is a member of the Order 
 of Odd Fellows ; also of the Grand Army of the Republic. 
 In 1864 he was married to Jennie Anderson, daughter of 
 Dr. Anderson, of Lima, Allen county, Ohio. 
 
 WAN, HON. JOSEPH R., Lawyer and Judge, 
 W'as born at Westernville, Oneida county. New 
 York, December 2Sth, 1802. He is of Scotch- 
 Irish ancestry (from Londonderry), the son of 
 Jonathan and Sarah (Rockwell) Swan. His 
 father w'as a native of Peterborough, New York, 
 and his mother of Groton, Connecticut. He received an 
 academic education at Aurora, New York, and commenced 
 there the study of law, which he completed at Columbus, 
 Ohio, w’here he w'as admitted to the bar in 1824. He at 
 once entered upon the practice of his profession, beginning 
 a career w'hich has placed him among Ohio’s most honored 
 citizens. He was elected Judge of the Supreme Court in 
 1854. In 1859 there was a strong pressure brought to bear 
 upon the Judges of the Supreme Court by S. P. Chase, then 
 
liKKlRAl’MICAL EN('YCL()P.f:DIA. 
 
 665 
 
 tiovenior of Ohio, and his ardent followers, to obtain a 
 final judgment of the court that the fugitive slave laws were 
 unconstitutional and void in Ohio, and the enforcement of 
 them might and should be resisted by the State. The 
 court consisted of five judges, two of whom were in favor 
 and three opposed to declaring the law unconstitutional and 
 void. If there had been a majority of the bench in favor 
 of this same nullification, no doubt the subsequent history 
 of Ohio and Governor Chase would h.ave assumed quite a 
 different aspect in the future, and there might have been an 
 abolition rebellion in the State. The closing remarks of 
 Judge Swan (then Chief Justice), in delivering the opinion 
 of the court sustaining the fugitive slave laws (9 Ohio .State 
 Reports), indicates how his personal feelings warred with 
 his duties as a judge : “.\s a citizen I would not deliber- 
 ately violate the constitution or the law by interference with 
 fugitives from service. But if a weary, frightened slave 
 should appeal to me to protect him from his pursuers, it is 
 possible I might momentarily forget my allegiance to the 
 law and constitution, and give him a covert from those who 
 were upon his track. There are no doul)t many slave- 
 holders who would thus follow the impulses of human 
 sympathy; and if I did it, and were prosecuted, condemned, 
 and imprisoned, and brought iiy my counsel before this 
 tribunal on a habeas corpus, and were there permitted to 
 pronounce judgment in my own case, 1 trust I should have 
 the moral courage to say, before God and the country, as I 
 am now compelled to say, under the solemn duties of a 
 judge, bound by my official oath to sustain the supremacy 
 of the constitution and the law, THE PRiso.NftR MUST UE 
 REMANDED.” In this decision the distinctive characteristic 
 of the man is clearly marked — his great conscientiousness. 
 Neither personal interest nor sympathy could in any manner 
 influence his judgment of right or law. The decision 
 caused his defeat for the renomination to the Supreme 
 Court by the political convention which assembled in Col- 
 umbus the day after it was delivered; but the party passion 
 and prejudice of the hour passed away, and the judgment 
 of the bar of Ohio sustained his interpretation of the law. 
 In 1862 Governor Brough appointed him to the vacancy on 
 the Supreme Bench occasioned by the death of Judge Ghol- 
 son, but he declined the appointment. The same position 
 was tendered to him since the war, but he could not be 
 prevailed upon to accept. He was married in June, 1833, 
 to Hannah Ann Andrews, of Rochester, New York, daugh- 
 ter of Samuel J. Andrews, one of the early residents of that 
 city from Derby, Connecticut. .Mrs. Swan died .March 
 8th, 1876. .She left three sons — two, Frank and Andrew, 
 residing at Joliet, Illinois, manufacturers; Joseph R., re- 
 siding at Utica, New York, attorney; Maryette, married 
 to A. C. Neave, residing at Clifton, Ghio; and Ann F., 
 married to Major R. S. Smith, residing at Columbus, Ohio. 
 In 1859 Judge Swan resumed the practice of the law, and 
 soon after became connected with the Columbus & Xenia 
 Railroad, and afterwards as the General Solicitor of the 
 Sf 
 
 Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway Company, in 
 which capacity he is still engaged. In 1835-36 “ Swan’s 
 Treatise” was published, which has since pa.ssed through 
 nine editions, the tenth edition in 1875; i 843 > “Guide for 
 F.xecutors and Administrators;” 1841, “Swan’s Revised 
 Statutes;” 1854, a revised edition of the statutes; i860, a 
 revised edition of the statutes, to which L. J. Critchfield 
 anne.\cd notes of the decisions of the Supreme Court; in 
 1868 a supplement to the edition of 1S60 was compiled and 
 published, with notes of decisions of the Supreme Court, by 
 Milton Sayler ; 1851, “ .Swan’s Pleading and Practice,” two 
 volumes ; 1862-63, “ Stvan’s Pleading and Precedents under 
 the Code.” The elementary law books of Judge Swan are 
 remarkable for the concise and clear language in which the 
 propositions of law are stated. They have been accepted 
 by the bar of Ohio as the best authority upon the subjects 
 of which they treat. “Swan’s Treatise” has become the 
 indispensable companion of every justice of the peace in the 
 State. The lawyer who cannot base his arguments upon 
 the authority of “Swan’s Justices” (as the book is famil- 
 iarly called) does not stand much chance of success in a 
 justice’s court in Ohio. As a jurist Judge Swan stands at 
 the head of his profession. None of the decisions of the 
 .Supreme Court of Ohio, rendered by him while Chief- 
 Justice, have ever been overruled. He has never been a 
 politician. His idea, often expressed to his friends, has 
 always been that “ office should seek the man, and not man 
 the office.” He is very reticent of manner and of a retiring 
 disposition. These qualities have prevented him from 
 forming many intimate friends outside of his own family; 
 but his well-known integrity, and his scrupulous and con- 
 scientious regard for truth and honesty, have caused him to 
 be highly esteemed, not only by the peojile of Columbus, 
 where he resides, but he is greatly honored throughout the 
 State, where his books have made his name so well known. 
 
 5 ^ ULLIVANT, WILLIAM STARLING, A. B., 
 M. A., LL. I)., eldest son of Lucas and Sarah 
 (.Starling) .Sullivant, the leading pioneer in that 
 1 territory which afterward became Franklin countv, 
 Ohio, was born, January 15th, 1803, in Franklin- 
 ton, a little village literally in the midst of a 
 wilderness, when the present site of Columlnis was covered 
 with the primitive forest. I'rontier life and its sports de- 
 veloped in him remarkable muscular strength and activity, 
 a fine personal ap])earance, and graceful carriage. He ac- 
 com]ianied his father on some of his shorter stirveying ex- 
 peditions, taking thereon the lessons which tended to make 
 liim an ex|)ert, rapid and accurate surveyor, when called 
 upon, after a college career, to attend to the large landed 
 estate of the family. When old etiough he was sent to a 
 celebrated jirivate school in Jessamine county, Kentuckv. 
 
 ; On the opening of the (Jhio University, he became a stude nt 
 
666 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL EACVCLOP.EDIA. 
 
 under Lindley and D.ina, whence he went to Yale College, 
 from which he graduated in 1823. Ilis father’s death then 
 called him home, and family affairs took him from studying 
 a profession, as designed by his father. Desiring active 
 employment, he engaged in the surveys of the Ohio Canal, 
 and manifested an aptitude and capacity that would have 
 won him high position as a civil engineer. Returning home, 
 he took charge of the mills belonging to the estate, which, 
 after mastering the principles involved in water-wheels, 
 mill-gearing, etc., he remodelled after plans of his own. 
 Thenceforward he was actively engaged in business affairs, 
 and became a member of the Ohio Stage Company, whose 
 operations covered a wide field, and prior to railroads, af- 
 forded travellers the best accommodations and facilities. He 
 was one of the original stockholders and directors of the 
 Clinton Bank, and for some time its President. Moving to 
 the country, he occupied, improved and adorned the present 
 .site of the Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum. There he availed 
 himself of unusual facilities for studying natural history. 
 After devoting some time to ornithology he finally settled on 
 bot.iny, influenced in part by his brother, Joseph Sullivant, 
 who had already made some progress in the science, and 
 who found his richest fields near the mansion house on 
 Sullivant’s Hill. P'or several years this study engrossed his 
 leisure ; the first result was a well-elaborated catalogue of 
 the plants of Franklin county. Having thoroughly exam- 
 ined the phenoganious flora of Central Ohio, he began 
 studying cryptogamic botany, or rather the muscological 
 part, wherein he found a rich field, made many new dis- 
 coveries, and established a world-wide reputation as the re- 
 sult of years of quiet but earnest labor. His published 
 works are an honor to American science, and a monument 
 to his erudition. Besides many papers in journals of 
 science and art, he published “A Catalogue of the Plants of 
 P’ranklin County;” “ Musci Alleghanienses ; ” “Contribu- 
 tions to the Bryology and Hepaticology of North America; ” 
 “ Mosses and Hepaticte of the United States, east of the 
 Mississippi River;” “ Mosses and Hepaticte Collected dur- 
 ing Whipple’s United Slates Government Survey ; ” “ Mosses 
 Brought Home by Wilkes’ United States Exploring Expedi- 
 tion ; ” “Mosses and Hepaticas Collected in the United 
 States Union Pacific Exploring Expedition,” and “ leones 
 Muscorum.” A second volume of the last-named work, left 
 incomplete by his death, is to be completed by his friend 
 and for many years co-worker, Mr. Lesquereux. All these 
 works were finely illustrated, some by himself. He was 
 one of the original trustees, under the will of the founder, 
 of Starling Medical College, and always held the Presidency 
 of the organization. As a member of the American National 
 Academy of Science, and also of some of the oldest and 
 most learned scientific societies of Europe, his labors are 
 better known and appreciated abroad than at his home, 
 where he has lived a quiet and unostentatious life. His 
 works are of standard authority and highest reputation in 
 Europe and the United States. He was thrice married — to 
 
 Jane, daughter of Alexander K. Marsluall, of Kentucky; 
 Eliza G. Wheeler, of New York city, and Caroline E. 
 Sutton. 
 
 .T) 
 
 ^/^ENYON, HENRY, Dentist, was born, March 17th, 
 1827, in Plarrison county, Ohio. He was the 
 (5^ \ youngest of nine children, seven sons and two 
 d daughters. He comes of old English stock. His 
 
 parents, William Kenyon and Marjory Vondy, 
 were natives of the Isle of Man. One of his 
 grandmothers was in the first Methodist class formed on the 
 Isle of Man, and listened to the first Methodist minister who 
 preached there. He was educated in the common schools. 
 At home he was taught the useful lessons of piety and in- 
 dustry, beside much that he craved but could not find in the 
 schools of that day. Leaving school he taught with marked 
 success for a number of years. In 1854, following in his 
 father’s footprints, he became a minister of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, remaining in active service as a member 
 of the North Ohio Conference until failing health made 
 some cessation of labor necessary. He was accordingly 
 located in the fall of 1857, continuing his ministerial stand- 
 ing in the church, but not a member of the Conference. 
 For the next two years he travelled in the West, without 
 giving his attention to any special business. In i860 he re- 
 turned to Ohio and began the study of dentistry with Dr. 
 .Shaw, at Fremont. Having completed his studies, he lo- 
 cated at Maumee, practising his profession there with great 
 success until he determined, in September of 1875, to move 
 to Toledo. Here a wider and better field was open to him, 
 and he was not slow to improve his opportunities. An affa- 
 ble manner, professional learning, and a skilled hand soon 
 secured for him a practice which grows with the years. 
 Dr. Kenyon has made^ a specialty of operative dentistry, in 
 which branch he has been peculiarly successful. He was 
 made a Master Mason in the fall of 1854 by Richland 
 Lodge, No. 201, where he retained his membership until he 
 located in Maumee City, where he united with Northern 
 Lights Lodge, No. 40. He was married, July 17th, 1854, 
 to Catharine A. Hietts, of Sandusky county, Ohio. 
 
 OSTER, CHARLES W., was born in Brookfield, 
 Worcester county, Massachusetts, November 21st, 
 1800. His father, William Foster, was also a na- 
 tive of Massachusetts ; his grandfather held a 
 colonel’s commission in the revolutionary army, 
 and w.as at .Saratoga when Burgoyne surrendered. 
 William Foster was a farmer and stock denier, and when 
 Charles was eighteen emigrated to New York, and settled 
 in Genesee county, near Rochester, where he died in 1829. 
 Charles received a common school education, and for some 
 years after his majority was engaged in boating on the Erie 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL liNCVCLOP.IHHA. 
 
 667 
 
 Canal. On June 7th, 1827, he married Louisa Crocker, 
 daughie: of John Crocker, of Cambridge, New \ ork, and 
 the same year moved with his father-in-law to Seneca county, 
 Ohio, settling first in London township. They were among 
 the first settlers in that region, and had the usual e.xperience 
 of pioneers. In 1832 they entered some 2 CX 30 acres of 
 land in an adjoining township and laid out the town of 
 Rome, and soon after opened a store. In 1852 the town 
 was consolidated with Risdon, adjoining, under the name 
 of Fostoria. They located there with their families, built a 
 saw mill in 1834, and a grist mill in 1836, making that point 
 a centre, and soon drawing a large trade from adjoining set- 
 tlements. The business house then established with a capi- 
 tal of $2000 h.as continued with Mr. F'oster as its head, and 
 now has a capital of $75,000, while its transactions in mer- 
 chandise, grain, pork, etc., amount to more than $1,000,000 
 annually. This remarkable success has been attained by 
 strict adherence to the principles of honorable dealing ; in 
 all this long period he has never been a party in a contested 
 lawsuit. In 1846 his oldest son, Charles Foster, was taken 
 into the concern, and in 1854 the commodious business 
 block, which they now occupy, was built on the original site 
 of the first store. In 1864 a banking business was started 
 in connection with the store by Poster & Co., and is still in 
 
 , successful operation under the efficient management of J. E. 
 Wilkison, cashier. To Charles W. P'oster and his son, 
 Hon. Charles F'oster, their enterprise, foresight, and gen- 
 erous aid to all progressive movements, is the recently iso- 
 lated inland town of F'ostoria indebted for its present position 
 and its promise of continual growth. F'ew would have per- 
 severed undauntedly for forty years in a struggle that 
 many would have regarded as hopeless. Indeed, there are 
 few instances of success in Ohio as marked as that of Mr. 
 F'oster. With the exception of R. W. Shawhan, of Tiffin, 
 there is not one of his contemporaries who in 1832 was en- 
 gaged in merchandising and is still pursuing the business. 
 
 I Notwithstanding his very active life, he still enjoys vigorous 
 health, and retains to a remarkalde degree that cheerfulness 
 and joviality for which he has always been noted. Fie has 
 j had six children, only one of whom is now living — Hon. 
 Charles Foster. This son was 'born near Fostoria, April 
 I2th, 1828. He was educated at the common schools and 
 the academy at Norwalk, Ohio ; joined his father in mer- 
 cantile and banking business, as above related. He never 
 held any public office until elected to the F'orty second 
 Congress. His services in that body deservedly secured him 
 re-election to the Forty-third and Forty-fourth. He is a 
 Republican. 
 
INDEX 
 
 V Achey, John H 
 
 Acktey , Horace A . . . . 
 
 ^ Adae, Carl F 
 
 Adams, John 
 
 Aiken, Samuel C 
 
 Alexander, W. H 
 
 Allbritain, R. L 
 
 Allen, Charles W 
 
 Allen, H. R 
 
 Alien, John W 
 
 Allen, Marston 
 
 Allen, William 
 
 Allen, W. H 
 
 Allison, Richard 
 
 Anderson, Edwin 
 
 Anderson, T. H 
 
 Andre, Henry G - 
 
 Andrews, A. , Jr 
 
 Andrews, George W.. 
 
 Andrews, Lorin 
 
 Andrews, S. J 
 
 Andrews, W. H 
 
 Anthony, Charles. .. . 
 
 Anthony, John 
 
 Ap-Jones, Ludlow.... 
 Applegate, John W . . 
 
 Armstrong, E. B 
 
 Armstrong, Frank A. . 
 Armstrong, James M.. 
 Arrowsmith, Miller... 
 
 Arter, David A 
 
 Ashburn, Thomas Q . 
 
 Ashley, James M 
 
 Aultman, C 
 
 Axtell, M. W 
 
 Babbitt, H. S ■ - . 
 
 Baber, Idewellyn 
 
 Backus, F. T 
 
 Bacon, H. M 
 
 Bacon, N. B 
 
 Bailey, Ezra 
 
 Baker, William 
 
 Baldwin, Dwight H... 
 
 Baldwin, S. W 
 
 Ball, Flamen 
 
 Ball, Flamen, Jr 
 
 Ballard, John 
 
 Ballenberg, Louis . . . . < 
 
 Banks, J 
 
 Barclay, Joseph 
 
 Barker, Benajah 
 
 liarnctt, James 
 
 Barrere, Benjamin . . . , 
 
 Barrere, John M 
 
 Barrere, Nelson 
 
 Barrett, Isaac .M 
 
 Barrows, E. P 
 
 Bartholow, R 
 
 Barus, Carl 
 
 Bassett, Edward P. .. 
 
 Bayless, F. D 
 
 Beach, Allen J 
 
 Beatty, G. S 
 
 Beatty, John 
 
 Bechmann, Charles V 
 
 Beck, John C 
 
 Beck, William 
 
 Beckett, David 
 
 Beckett, William 
 
 Beckwith, S. R 
 
 Beecher, L. S 
 
 41 
 
 375 
 
 503 
 
 361 
 
 281 
 
 290 
 
 622 
 
 189 
 
 637 
 
 289 
 
 37 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 5^9 
 
 61 
 
 226 
 
 121 
 
 293 
 
 59 
 
 424 
 
 345 
 
 174 
 
 42 
 105. 
 629 
 472 
 
 523 
 
 569 
 
 360 
 
 610 
 
 150 
 
 207 
 
 445 
 
 659 
 
 646 
 
 308 
 
 ■ 275 
 
 . 310 
 
 363 
 
 300 
 
 ■ 457 
 
 . 229- 
 67 
 
 • 355 
 
 • 99 
 . 215 
 
 • 359 
 . 219 
 
 • 371 
 305 
 
 • 515 
 
 . 528 
 
 • 344 
 
 • 372 
 
 . 482 
 , 122 
 . 178 
 . 187 
 ' 537 
 . 622 
 . 264 
 
 • 465 
 
 . 662 
 . 641 
 
 • 572 
 . 518 
 . 129 
 . 107 
 . 106 
 
 • 50 
 
 • 475 
 
 Bell, John E 
 
 Bell, William, Jr. . . . 
 Benckenstein, Julius 
 
 Bennett, J. H 
 
 Bergen, S. H 
 
 Bevis, James A 
 
 Berry, A 
 
 Bevis, Henry 
 
 Biddle, W. P 
 
 Bigelow, Asa 
 
 Bigelow, Jabez G. . . 
 
 Bigelow, Lorin 
 
 Billings, John K . . . . 
 
 Bingham, E. F 
 
 Birchard, Mathew.. 
 Birchard, Sardis. . . . 
 
 Bishop, L. W 
 
 Bishop, Richard M. 
 
 Bishop, W. T 
 
 Blackburn, J. M 
 
 Blackman, G. C. .. . 
 
 Blandy, F. J. L 
 
 Blandy, Henry 
 
 Blennerhassett, H . . 
 
 Blockson , A. P 
 
 Bloss, George M. D. 
 Bodmann, Charles. . 
 
 Bodmann, F 
 
 ^ohl, Henry 
 
 Bonner, S 
 
 '<Boos, Mathias 
 
 Bowen, W. M 
 
 Bowers, Lucius A . . . 
 Bowesmith, J. G. . . . 
 
 Bjw'yer, W. A 
 
 Boyce, George W . . . 
 B )ynton, W. W. . . . 
 Bradbury, Joseph. . . 
 
 Bradford, T. C 
 
 Bradstreet, E. P. . . . 
 Brailey, Moses R... 
 Bramble, David D.. 
 
 'Brand, Michael 
 
 Brasher, L. L 
 
 Brayton. Robert. . . . 
 
 Breed, W. J 
 
 'Brinkerhoff, Jacob.. 
 
 I^rough, John 
 
 Brown, A. G 
 
 Brown, Benjamin... 
 
 Brown, H. \V 
 
 Brown, James F. . . . 
 Brown, Joshua K . . . 
 
 Brown, L. S 
 
 Brown, William E.. 
 Brown, William L. . . 
 Brown, William P.. 
 -Bruhl, Gustavus-... 
 Buchanan, Robert.. 
 BuchwaUer, M. L. . . 
 
 Kuckland, R. P 
 
 Bundy, William 
 
 Burdsal, J. S 
 
 Hurgert, Adam 
 
 Hurgoyne, John 
 
 Burkhalier, Sol 
 
 '.Burkhardt, A. E.... 
 
 Burnet, Jacob 
 
 Burns, Andrew 
 
 Burns, Barnabas. . . . 
 
 Burr, Raymond 
 
 Burt, Andrew G- • • • 
 
 161 
 
 97 
 
 98 
 370 
 
 500 
 
 108 
 
 ■555 
 
 171 
 
 471 
 
 445 
 
 613 
 
 251 
 
 459 
 
 144 
 
 79 
 
 592 
 
 315 
 
 37 
 
 223 
 
 470 
 
 373 
 
 184 
 
 158 
 
 172 
 434 
 601 
 142 
 142 
 581 
 630 
 
 633 
 
 456 
 
 584 
 
 658 
 
 350 
 
 J12 
 
 299 
 
 644 
 
 290 
 
 167 
 
 412 
 
 32 
 
 211 
 
 23 
 
 597 
 49 
 140 
 296 
 121 
 IT7 
 429 I 
 
 135 
 
 203 
 
 491 
 
 31 
 
 191 
 
 134 
 
 ”3 
 
 62 
 
 605 
 
 536 
 
 562 
 
 52 
 
 289 
 
 24 
 
 531 
 
 413 
 
 420 
 
 72 
 
 599 
 
 148 
 
 55J 
 
 Burton. S. H 
 
 Bushnell, E 
 
 Butler, G. W 
 
 Buiz, Lawrence, Jr.... 
 
 Caldwell, J. D 
 
 Caldwell, W. B 
 
 Camnitz, J. W 
 
 Campbell, John 
 
 Campbell, Thomas. . . . 
 Campbell, Thomas C. 
 Caples, Robert C.'. .. . 
 Cappellar, William S.. 
 
 Card, W. W 
 
 Carson, Enoch T 
 
 Cary, Samuel F 
 
 Case, Leonard 
 
 Case, Oakley 
 
 Casey, James B 
 
 Castle, M. S 
 
 Challen, James R 
 
 Chambers, R. E 
 
 Chase, Harry 
 
 Chase, Philander 
 
 Chase, Salmon P 
 
 Chatfield, W. H 
 
 Chidlaw, Benjamin W, 
 Chipley, William S... 
 
 Chisholm, Henry 
 
 Clark, R. W., Jr 
 
 Clemons, P. H 
 
 Clendenin, William... 
 
 Coale, S. C 
 
 Coates, Benjamin F. . . 
 Cochran, William R... 
 
 Cogswell, B. S 
 
 Colby, Jonas 
 
 Coldnam, James 
 
 Coleman, David 
 
 Collier, O. S 
 
 Collier, T. W 
 
 Collin, Adam G 
 
 Collins, Charles H. . . . 
 
 Collins, Gilbert G 
 
 Collins, James H . . . . 
 
 Collins, John 
 
 Collins, R 
 
 Collins, W. A 
 
 Comley, James M . . . ; 
 Comstock, Theodore.. 
 
 Conant, George 
 
 Conklin, Samuel A. . . . 
 
 Conkling, W, M 
 
 Conner, P. S 
 
 Cooke, Eleutheros. . . . 
 
 Cooper, Spencer 
 
 Cooper, William C. . . . 
 
 Cornell, Joseph 
 
 Corry, William 
 
 Corry, William M...., 
 
 Corwin, Thomas 
 
 Coryell, James L 
 
 Cotton, John. ........ 
 
 Cotton, Josiah D...., 
 
 Cowen, B. R 
 
 Cowen, B. S 
 
 Cowen, Daniel D. T. 
 
 Cowles, Henry 
 
 Cox, David C 
 
 Cox, Jacob D 
 
 Cozadd, Frank M. . . . 
 Craig, James W 
 
 154 
 
 458 
 
 633 
 
 96 
 
 130 
 
 647 
 
 537 
 
 377 
 
 562 
 
 204 
 
 604 
 
 82 
 
 358 
 
 60 
 
 585 
 
 530 
 
 78 
 
 630 
 
 30 
 
 197 
 
 514 
 
 330 
 
 229 
 
 5 
 
 38 
 
 498 
 
 465 
 
 566 
 
 22'5 
 
 489 
 
 601 
 
 433 
 
 606 
 
 546 
 
 61 
 326 
 306 
 192 
 632 
 
 551 
 
 79 
 235 
 572 
 381 
 484 
 
 324 
 
 262 
 
 438 
 
 51 
 
 183 
 
 150 
 
 463 
 
 553 
 
 459 
 465, 
 495 
 
 9 ^ 
 
 102 
 
 610 
 
 32 
 
 343 
 
 75 
 
 86 
 
 661 
 
 643 
 
 no 
 
 168 
 
 371 
 
 374 
 
 640 
 
 6<^ 
 
 Crane, Charles A... 
 Crane, Joseph G . . . . 
 Crane, Jo.seph H.... 
 
 Crees, David 
 
 Crook, George 
 
 Crosby, George 
 
 Crosse, A. A 
 
 Cummings, Samuel. 
 
 Cunningham, F 
 
 Cunningham, J. S. . . 
 
 Curtis, Alvah 
 
 Curtis, Henry B . . . . 
 Custer, George A. . . 
 
 Dale, Benjamin T 
 
 Dalzell, James M 
 
 Danford, Lorenzo 
 
 Daniels, Thomas 
 
 Davis, Henry H 
 
 Davis, Samuel 
 
 Davis, Simon S 
 
 Davis, W. E 
 
 Day, D. W. H 
 
 Dean, Ezra 
 
 Dean, Ezra V 
 
 vDeatrick, John F 
 
 De Camp, Harvey. . . . , 
 
 “vDelacourt, L. B 
 
 Delamater, John 
 
 De Lano, M. F 
 
 Delano, L. G 
 
 Denig, George 
 
 Denig, John M 
 
 Dennison, W 
 
 Devereiix, John H.. .. 
 
 Devore, David G 
 
 Dewey, Chauncey.... 
 
 Diboil, A. C 
 
 Dickey, Alfred S 
 
 Dickinson, Ed. F 
 
 Dickinson, R 
 
 .Dickman, F. J 
 
 Dodd, E. S 
 
 Dodds, Ozro J 
 
 Doddsworth, Thomas. 
 Dodge, Frederick B... 
 
 Donelson, P. S 
 
 l)onham, P. J 
 
 Donnally, A 
 
 .Dormann, Frederick.. 
 
 Dorsey, G. V 
 
 Douglass, Robert L .. 
 
 Doyle, John H 
 
 Drake, Daniel 
 
 •Dresel, Otto 
 
 J)uhme, Hermann.... 
 
 Duncan, James N 
 
 Dunlap, Alexander. . . . 
 
 Dunlap, Milton 
 
 Dunlavy, Francis 
 
 Dunn, Andrew 
 
 Dwyer, Dennis 
 
 Dyer, Elbridge G 
 
 Earl, W. C 
 
 -Eckel, Hermann 
 
 Eckert, Michael 
 
 Eckert, 'J homas F. . . 
 Eggleston, Benjamin. 
 
 Khlcr, Elias A 
 
 Ellis, John M 
 
 Ellis, S. H 
 
 669 
 
 451 
 
 60 
 
 60 
 
 485 
 
 403 
 
 31 
 
 380 
 
 136 
 
 65 
 
 220 
 
 42 
 
 236 
 
 341 
 
 115 
 
 565 
 
 137 
 
 303 
 
 481 
 
 223 
 
 333 
 
 649 
 
 627 
 
 385 
 
 353 
 
 350 
 
 43 
 
 509 
 
 462 
 
 655 
 
 430 
 
 429 
 
 429 
 
 323 
 
 535 
 
 196 
 
 617 
 
 556 
 
 284 
 
 518 
 
 504 
 
 242 
 
 307 
 
 105 
 
 477 
 
 597 
 
 254 
 
 145 
 
 HI 
 
 50 
 
 23* 
 
 441 
 
 443 
 
 5* 
 
 562 
 
 126 
 
 4*3 
 
 487 
 
 60 
 
 *3* 
 
 201 
 
 270 
 
 1*4 
 
 506 
 
 539 
 
 77 
 
 217 
 
 226 
 
 1*3 
 
INDEX. 
 
 670 
 
 Klmes, Webster 409 
 
 Kly, Janies S 423 
 
 Knociis, \V^. H 339 
 
 Kiiright, M. J 402 
 
 Kpply, John 54 
 
 Kikel, Henry 487 
 
 Krkenbrecker, A 538 
 
 Krrett, Isaac 89 
 
 Kshelinan, E. B 464 
 
 Este, David K 132 
 
 Estep, josiah M 615 
 
 ICvans, E. E 225 
 
 Evans, P2. P 479 
 
 Evans, Nathan 463 
 
 I'Nart, 'I’homas W 224 
 
 PAving, Thomas. . . . 460 
 
 Kyiar, J. W 356 
 
 P'alconer, Cyrus 87 
 
 P aran, James J 550 
 
 P'arcs, Sebastian 492 
 
 P'arquhar, O. C 209 
 
 Pay, Gilbert (J 127 
 
 Fearing, B D 425 
 
 Fearing, Paul 448 
 
 P'chrenbatch, John 574 
 
 Peiilon, Roswell H 61 
 
 Ferrell, Charles B 582 
 
 P'errie, William 464 
 
 -P'ieser, P''red 177 
 
 P'ife, James 621 
 
 Fillmore, E. E 249 
 
 Firmin, Lorenzo 604 
 
 P'isher, A. W 334 
 
 P’isher, George 63 
 
 P'isher, John C 193 
 
 P'isher, Samuel W 55 
 
 P'isher, S. S 635 
 
 P'ltch, John 376 
 
 P'itzgerald, James W 547 
 
 P'lowers, J. K '73 
 
 P ollett, John P C“32 
 
 P'oliett. Martin D 53 
 
 P'oos, Joseph 95 
 
 P'oos, \\ illiam 95 
 
 P'ooie, Horace 298 
 
 ^P'orbes, Samuel P' 477 
 
 P'ord, Joseph D. .. 237 
 
 'Furgey, W. S 333 
 
 Foster, Charles 667- 
 
 P'ostcr, Charles W 666 
 
 P'osier, William H 523 
 
 Frazer, Abner L 431 
 
 P'razier, William H 329 
 
 P'rench. James J 346 
 
 Frye, William C 94 
 
 P uller, John W 294 
 
 (iailoway, John S 49 
 
 Galloway, Samuel 327 
 
 (iardner, George B 414 
 
 Garfield, J. A ... 449 
 
 Garlick, Theodatus 614 
 
 Garretson, Joseph 570 
 
 (/ar)*, Daniel B. 444 
 
 Gales, John 284 
 
 Gales, Nahum B . 379 
 
 Gegiian , John J 524 
 
 Gerard, Clinton W 68 
 
 Gerke, John 47 
 
 Gibson, C. C 118 
 
 Gibson, Peter 87 
 
 < hbson, Thomas 292 
 
 Giddings, J. R 508 
 
 Gillmore, Q. A 515 
 
 Gilmore, James 45 
 
 Gleason, A. W 488 
 
 Glover, E 642 
 
 Cioddard, Charles B 569 
 
 Goforth, William 9 
 
 Goldsmith, Albert. .* 251 
 
 Good, Jeremiah H 596 
 
 Goodale, Lincoln 378 
 
 (ioodenow, John M 48 
 
 Goodman, James H 170 
 
 Goodwin, Homer 600 
 
 (Gordon, Thomas W 192 
 
 Gordon, W. J. M 226 
 
 Gowey, John F 71 
 
 Graff, Jacob 447 
 
 Graham, William A iis 
 
 Granger, M. M 586 
 
 Granger, V. W 
 
 • • • 347 
 
 Hosbrook, John L 
 
 
 Grannis, John C 
 
 ■ ■ ■ 339 
 
 House, Erwin 
 
 ... 561 
 
 Grant, U. S 
 
 247 
 
 Howard, D. W. H 
 
 ... 382 
 
 (iriffin, Charles 
 
 • - • 379 
 
 Howard, William 
 
 ... 147 
 
 Gi itliih, John S 
 
 ... 479 
 
 Howe, Andrew J 
 
 ... 1 12 
 
 Ciriffith, I'homas 
 
 
 Hoyt, ¥. S 
 
 . . . 442 
 
 Griffith, \V. W 
 
 ... 300 
 
 Hoyt, James i\l 
 
 Huobard, B 
 
 ... 380 
 
 »Giimke, P'rederick 
 
 547 
 
 ... 469 
 
 .Grossiiis, John 
 
 ... 438 
 
 Hubbell, H. N 
 
 
 Grosvenor, Charles H.... 
 
 . . . . 412 
 
 Hudson, john H 
 
 ... 501 
 
 Gwynne, Eii W 
 
 ... ^67 
 
 ' Hulbert, Hiram 
 
 • 543 
 
 Haag, J, M 
 
 ... 643 
 
 , Hulick, George W 
 
 Humphreys, Joseph B. . . 
 
 ... 231 
 ... 48 
 
 
 
 
 Hague, S. M 
 
 ... 642 
 
 H unt, John E 
 
 H Li n t , W . E 
 
 . . 244 
 
 Haley, James G 
 
 • . • ■ 305 
 
 
 Hall, James 
 
 
 Huntington, H. D 
 
 
 Hall, John C 
 
 Hall, Joseph B 
 
 ... 241 
 
 Hurlbut, H. B 
 
 • • • 332 
 
 ... 185 
 
 Huston, A. M 
 
 ... 119 
 
 Hall, J. L 
 
 
 Huston, James, Jr 
 
 . .. 491 
 
 Hall, L A 
 
 ... 613 
 
 Hutchins, P'rancis E 
 
 ... q6 
 
 Halm, M 
 
 . . .. 247 
 
 Hutchins, R. G 
 
 ... 178 
 
 Ilalpin, William G 
 
 ■ • • 505 
 
 Hutt, Spence A 
 
 • - 457 
 
 Halstead, Murat 
 
 Flainblin, Emmett 
 
 Hamilton, John A 
 
 • • • 434 
 
 ... 463 
 
 Ingalls, M. E 
 
 
 ■ 53 
 
 Innis, Gustavus S 
 
 ... 563 
 
 Hammond, Jacob 
 
 ••• 595 
 
 '•Irion, John 
 
 583 
 
 Hand, Sylvester 
 
 Handy, Truman P 
 
 . . . 496 
 ... 383 
 
 Jackson, H. L 
 
 
 Hanna, James J 
 
 
 James, E. W 
 
 
 Hanna, John E 
 
 ... 330 
 
 Tannev. John J 
 
 ... 469 
 
 Hannin, Edward 
 
 ... 483 
 
 Jannotta, A 
 
 . . . 241 
 
 Harlan, k. B 
 
 
 Johns, Daniel J 
 
 
 • Harmeyer, Henry 
 
 
 Johnson, P' 
 
 
 Harmon, John B 
 
 .. . 2s8 
 
 Johnson, John T 
 
 Johnson, *N. P 
 
 
 Harper, Rice 
 
 .. . 488 
 
 ••• 333 
 
 Harris, Josiah 
 
 
 Johnson, Orange 
 
 
 Harris, Joseph A 
 
 
 Johnson, William P 
 
 ... 603 
 
 Harris, Leonard A 
 
 
 Johnson, W. W 
 
 
 Harrison, William H 
 
 •• • 331 
 
 Johnston, G. VV.G 
 
 ... 295 
 
 Harroun, C. H 
 
 ... 468 
 
 Johnston, John 
 
 ... 123 
 
 Hart, Alphonso 
 
 
 Johnston, Stephen 
 
 ... 486 
 
 Hart, Samuel 
 
 .. . 86 
 
 Johnston, W. S 
 
 ... 546 
 
 Tlassaurek, P'red 
 
 ...569 
 
 Jones, Aquila 
 
 ... 507 
 
 Plathaway, W. E 
 
 
 Jones, George W 
 
 
 Hayes, R, H 
 
 
 Jones, Henry M 
 
 
 Haynes, Daniel A 
 
 . .. 156 
 
 Jones, John D 
 
 ... 117 
 
 Hazen, William B 
 
 ■ 493 
 
 Jones, John P 
 
 
 Heart, Joseph E 
 
 
 Jones, M. H 
 
 
 Hedges, Josiah 
 
 ... 638 
 
 Jones, S. B 
 
 .. . 157 
 
 Hedrick, Henry 
 
 ... 405 
 
 Jones, Wells S 
 
 • • • 541 
 
 Heidelbach, Philip 
 
 • • • 439 
 
 Jones, William 
 
 .. . 150 
 
 Heilman, John H 
 
 .. . 524 
 
 Jones, William P' 
 
 ... 526 
 
 Hellebush, Clemens 
 
 ... 538 
 
 lones, William W 
 
 359 
 
 Hemann, Joseph A 
 
 •• • t75 
 
 Judkins, Jesse P 
 
 .. . 556 
 
 Hempstead, G. S. B 
 
 ■ • ■ 543 
 
 Judkins, William 
 
 535 
 
 Herrick, Walt. P’ 
 
 .. 504 
 
 June, David 
 
 
 Herron, John W 
 
 .. . 15 
 
 Junkins, M. W 
 
 .. . 487 
 
 Hershiser, W. A 
 
 ... 207 
 
 
 Hickenlooper, Andrew. . . . 
 
 . . . 41 
 
 Keifer, E. G 
 
 
 Hicks, A. W 
 
 
 Keifer, J. Warren 
 
 .. . 27 
 
 Hicks, r)avid 
 
 . . . 476 
 
 Kelly, Moses 
 
 • • . 549 
 
 Hieit, John W 
 
 ... 578 
 
 Kelly, William C 
 
 .. . 450 
 
 Higgins, Thomas W 
 
 ... 468 
 
 Kennedy, James C 
 
 ... 138 
 
 Plildrcth, George 0 
 
 .. . 69 
 
 Kennedy, VV. L> 
 
 ... 648 
 
 Hill, Charles W 
 
 
 Kent, JNIarvin 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hiii; Philip w 
 
 ... 458 
 
 Kenyon, Henry 
 
 ... 666 
 
 Hill, \V. 1) 
 
 •• • 565 
 
 Kenton, Simon 
 
 
 Hill, William H 
 
 •• • 53 
 
 Kessler. William 
 
 ... 608 
 
 Hilliard, Richard 
 
 ... 388 
 
 Keys, John P' 
 
 
 Hinksou, Benjamin 
 
 
 King, Edward 
 
 
 flinsdale, Burke A 
 
 ... 268 
 
 King, George W 
 
 
 Hitchcock, Peter 
 
 •• • 575 
 
 King, John 
 
 
 Hitchcock, Peter, Jr 
 
 
 King, Rufus 
 
 
 Hodge, John O 
 
 ... 564 
 
 King, William H 
 
 .. . J91 
 
 Ploffman, Benjamin P' 
 
 •• • 347 
 
 Kinney, Jo.seph N 
 
 
 Hoftman, Silas W 
 
 Hogan, Patrick J 
 
 • • • 45 
 
 Kinney, P 
 
 
 . . . io6 
 
 Kinsey, Joseph 
 
 ■ - - 63 
 
 Hoge, George W 
 
 
 Kinsman, John 
 
 . .. 15 
 
 H<»ghland, B. V 
 
 ... 199 
 
 Kirby, Jacob 
 
 ••• 354 
 
 Holbrook, Alfred 
 
 ... 389 
 
 Kirby, Josiah 
 
 
 Holden, W. H 
 
 ■ ■ • 397 
 
 Kirby, Moses H 
 
 •• • 354 
 
 Holenshade, J. C. C 
 
 ... 419 
 
 Kirby, Timothy 
 
 .. . 124 
 
 Holgate, W. G 
 
 ... 407 
 
 Kirk, Robert C 
 
 .. . 171 
 
 Holland, John 
 
 . . . 529 
 
 Kirtland, Jared P 
 
 •• • 573 
 
 Holloway, E. S 
 
 
 Klemm, Otho 
 
 
 Holmes, C. C 
 
 
 Klemm, Theo 
 
 
 Holmes, P'nos 
 
 ... 405 
 
 Klippart, ). H 
 
 
 Holt, P. C 
 
 • • • 303 
 
 Knight, Edward H 
 
 .. . 65 
 
 Horr, Charles W 
 
 • ■ • 36.3 
 
 Knowles, Samuel S 
 
 
 Horton, Henry V 
 
 ... 436 
 
 Knox, Samuel 
 
 .. . 88 
 
 Lakeman, Joseph F 160 
 
 l.ane, P. P 101 
 
 Lar.gdon, O. M 453 
 
 Larimore, Frank C 204 
 
 Lawrence, Daniel 1^2 
 
 Leavitt, Samuel K 456 
 
 Leeds, L. B 179 
 
 Leet, Daniel W 455 
 
 Lewis, Bushrod H 532 
 
 Lewis, Chris b5 
 
 Lewis, Edward C 548 
 
 L’Hommedieu, S. S 519 
 
 Ligowsky, A 163 
 
 Lilienthal, Max 440 
 
 Lingo, Caleb 146 
 
 Little, James 432 
 
 Locke, D. R 634 
 
 Locke, John 559 
 
 Logan, Thomas A 179 
 
 Long, Alexander 344 
 
 Long, David 311 
 
 Long, John M 510 
 
 Longworih, N 13 
 
 Loomis, B. J 439 
 
 Loomis, Pinney R 390 
 
 Loomis, William B 72 
 
 Lorimore, Andrew J 475 
 
 Loth, Moritz 73 
 
 Lotze, A 567 
 
 Loudon, De Wilt C 367 
 
 Loudon, James 252 
 
 Lowry, I'homas 633 
 
 Luce, Charles L 339 
 
 Luckey, A. W 589 
 
 Ludlow, Benjamin C 629 
 
 Ludlow, Israel 628 
 
 Ludlow, Israel, Jr 629 
 
 Ludlow, James C 488 
 
 Ludlow, John 200 
 
 Lungren, Samuel S 348 
 
 Luse, A. B 135 
 
 Lyon, John 577 
 
 Lytle, W. H 314 
 
 Mace, John S 19 
 
 Mack, Henry 186 
 
 Mackey, John 617 
 
 Macneale, Neil 16 
 
 Major, Francis W 250 
 
 Maley, Patrick P' 623 
 
 Malone, Edward 522 
 
 Mansfield, Jared 534 
 
 Marfield, Samuel 648 
 
 Markall, Benjamin 319 
 
 Marshall, James H 182 
 
 Marshall, John G 464 
 
 Martin, Benjamin P' 206 
 
 Martin, William T 584 
 
 Marx, Guido 206 
 
 Massie, Nathaniel 266 
 
 Mathews, Joseph McD 217 
 
 IMalthews, A. G i 295 
 
 Matthews, Stanley 652 
 
 Mays, William A 215 
 
 M’Arthur, L)uncan 481 
 
 McBride, James 495 
 
 McClure, James 125 
 
 McCook, Daniel 315 
 
 McCook, Robert L 340 
 
 McCrea, C. T 209 
 
 McCuiie, Robert 346 
 
 McDowell, Irvin 280 
 
 McDowell, Joseph J 259 
 
 McElroy, Z. C 221 
 
 McP'arland, William H 109 
 
 McGill, Stewart 138 
 
 McGrew, Henry 206 
 
 McGrew, J. Milton 414 
 
 McKenny, John C 602 
 
 McKinney, John F 558 
 
 McKinney, Samuel S 50.7 
 
 McLaughlin, James W 205 
 
 McLean, Daniel 639 
 
 McLean, John 512 
 
 McMahon, J. A 149 
 
 McMillan, U. G 430 
 
 McPherson, J. B 286 
 
 MeVey, A. H 383 
 
 Mead, Hiram 211 
 
 Means, Thomas W 493 
 
 Medary, Samuel 560 
 
 Meek, William M 357 
 
INDEX. 
 
 671 
 
 M^ekison, D. S 310 
 
 -Mogriie, E. G 331 
 
 R. J 448 
 
 Mclish, Thoiiivis J 21 
 
 Mendenhall, George 169 
 
 M ’redkh, L. P 152 
 
 Merion, Nathaniel 409 
 
 Miles, R. E. J 120 
 
 Miller, John ... 392 
 
 Miller, Samuel A 526 
 
 Miller, Thomas E 183 
 
 Millikan, William 582 
 
 Millikin, Minor 340 
 
 Miner. J. L 355 
 
 Mitchel, O. M 312 
 
 Mitchell, George 607 
 
 Moerlein, Christian 
 
 Peck, W illiam L 393 
 
 Peck. William V 618 
 
 Pedretti , F 366 
 
 Pendleton. George H 616 
 
 Penn, H. L 626 
 
 Penn, Julius A ... 146 
 
 Perkins, Jacob ... 403 
 
 Perkins, James H 577 
 
 Perkins, John ... 625 
 
 Perkins, Joseph 299 
 
 Perry, Nathan 399 
 
 Phillips, Thomas H 172 
 
 Philson, John R 199 
 
 VPhister, Jacob 362 
 
 77“'‘Pike, S. N 654 
 
 Policy, P. R. 372 
 
 Pomerene, Julius C ... 2i8^-'Shellabarger, Samuel 
 
 Pond, Arthur 645 
 
 M ilony, James ... 648 
 
 M >nfort, Henry A 166 
 
 iMooers, Henry 586 
 
 IMoore, Cornelius 83 
 
 Mjore, David H 404 
 
 Moore, Henry D 166 
 
 M^ore, William E 447 
 
 M )ore, William T 153 
 
 Morey, A. H. 402 
 
 M irg m, George W 216 
 
 Morgan, James 188 
 
 Merrill, Henry A 67^''Pulte, J >seph H 
 
 Morris, Jonathan 640 
 
 Marris, Robert D 446 
 
 Morris, Thomas 396 
 
 Morrow, Jeremiah 558 
 
 Morse, David A 606 
 
 ^I>ses, Halsey H 599 
 
 M )s!er, Gustave ... 269 
 
 Moulton, Charles W 28 
 
 Moxley, Nath. K. 444 
 
 Mullen, Thomas. 223 
 
 Mullen, Thomas J 208 “Raff, George W 621 
 
 Munger, William 605 -•Raffensberger, H. J 
 
 Peck, E. D 345 /Schleich, Newton 430 
 
 Peck, Hiram D 527j/Schwab, Mattliias 65 
 
 Scott, William. 498 
 
 Scott, William H 265 
 
 Scribner, C. H 232 
 
 .Sciidder, John M 18 
 
 /Seasongood, Jacob 408 
 
 /Seborn. Fred. A. 
 
 Segur, Daniel 473^ 
 
 Sellew, William 90 
 
 '^Seltzer, Van S 71 
 
 Seney, J. R 352 
 
 Sessions, F. C 322 
 
 Se.vton, Joseph A 196 
 
 Shattuc, W. H 649 
 
 Shawhan, Rezin W 576 
 
 Sheffield, William 306 
 
 Sheldon, B. E ao8 
 
 Poorman, C. L. 
 
 Potter, Emery D 596 
 
 Potter, Ezra 417 
 
 Price, Reese 74 
 
 Prichard, George A 96 
 
 Pruden, Andrew J 20 
 
 Pugh, Achi les 22 
 
 Pugh, J hn M 188 
 
 ” 494 
 
 Purcell, John B 7 
 
 Purdy, James 201 
 
 Pursel, Smith 52 
 
 Pursell, James 645 
 
 Putnam, John H 542 
 
 Putnam, Rufus 410 
 
 Quinn, H. S . • . 
 Quinn, John J. 
 
 649 
 
 Murch, Chauncey M 93 
 
 Murphy, John 543 
 
 Murray, (3. S 232 
 
 Myers, James 375 
 
 Myers, John L 194 
 
 Myers, P. V. N 623 
 
 Myers, Samuel 600 
 
 Nash, Simeon 545 
 
 Nauerth, George V’ 194 'Reemdin, Charles G 560 
 
 Naylor. John E 173 Reid, A. M’C 255 
 
 Neal, Henry S 365 ^ Reid, Samuel V 505 
 
 Neff, Benjamin 261 Reid, Whitelaw 239 
 
 Nelf, Peter 107 [ Reinhard, Jacob 189 
 
 Neil, W. A 651 I Reis, Julias 316 
 
 Nelson, Rich ... 394 ' Rempel, F'. F 567 
 
 Nelson, T. L 303 Resor, William 370 
 
 Ralston, Joseph. 27S 
 
 Randall, D. A 148 
 
 Ranney, R. P 471 
 
 Rawson, Bass 620 
 
 Rawson, La Quinio 590 
 
 Read, Abner 561 
 
 Reakirt, C. C. 140 
 
 Reamy,Thad. A 255 
 
 Reed, William P 492 
 
 Nesbitt, Benoni 510 
 
 Newberry, J. S 511 
 
 Newcomb. A. H 449 
 
 Nich jIs. P. j 376 
 
 Noble, David 301 
 
 Noble, Jackson M 109 
 
 Noble, John 401 
 
 Norris, John A 329 
 
 Norris, R. D 612 
 
 Noyes, Ed. F' 234 [ Rodgers, Robert 
 
 Rodgers, W. 
 
 Rice, Harvey ... 395 
 
 Richards, R. E 214 
 
 Richardson, W. P 139 
 
 Richmond, John M 172 
 
 373 
 
 133 
 
 664 
 
 II 
 
 625 
 622 
 643 
 
 Oakes, F'rank J 222 ' Rogers, Isaiah 182 
 
 Ridgway, Joseph, Jr. 
 
 Ritter, A. C ... 
 
 Robinstin, Isaac H . 
 
 Robison, J. P.. 
 
 Rodgers, J. H. 
 
 ■ Obermiller, MinraJ 
 O’Brien, Patrick 
 Oglevee, John F. 
 
 Okey, John W. . 
 
 Olds, C. N 
 
 O’Neil, William J 467 
 
 Orton, Edward 495 
 
 Owens, Job E 195 
 
 Owens, Whlliam 
 
 619 I Rogers, John G 198 
 
 4S4 Rogers, William G 16 
 
 644 
 
 Rolmer, R. C. 
 
 Rombach, Matthew 631 
 
 Root, W. H 318 
 
 'Rosecrans, S. H 542 
 
 .-Rosecrans, William S 368 
 
 Rowekamp, F. H 
 
 Joseph R 664 
 
 74 
 
 Stumps. Joseph C 575 
 
 Sullivan, John 'r 499 
 
 Sullivant, Joseph 485 
 
 Sullivanc. W. S 665 
 
 Sumner, William 18 
 
 Sutliff, Milton 128 
 
 Sutton, W. W. 406 
 
 Shepherd, Henry A 94 
 
 Shepherd, William W 532 
 
 Sheridan, Phil. H 271 
 
 • Sherman, John 533 
 
 ‘Sherman, W. T 335 
 
 Sherwo 'd, Isaac R 448 
 
 Shields, Robert S 141 
 
 Shinn, Joseph W 224 
 
 •Shoemaker, R. M 641 
 
 Shotwell, George H 282 
 
 Sibley, James W 86 
 
 *Siefert, Joseph 480 
 
 Sill,J. W 3II 
 
 Simpkinson, John 14 i Thcis, Charles 
 
 Simpson, Thomas R 609 
 
 Slevin, P. S 384 
 
 Slone, F'elix G 618 
 
 Smart, C. S 187 
 
 Smead, George L 541 
 
 Smedley, Anderson 40 
 
 Smith, Benjamin 490 
 
 Smith, Charles 482 
 
 Smith, Charles J. W 514 
 
 Smith, Henry A 21, -Thurman 
 
 Smith, Henry W 557 
 
 Smith, James 154 
 
 Smith, James M 83 
 
 Smith, Joseph B 497 
 
 Smith, Richard 428 
 
 Smith, R. F' 145 
 
 Smith, Samuel M 400 
 
 Smith, Walter H 361 
 
 Smith, William F 23 
 
 Smizer, Wesley 98 
 
 Snelbaker, David T 316 
 
 Snelbaker, T. E 316 
 
 'Sohn, John W 370 
 
 Southard, Milton 1 119 
 
 Spalding, Rufus P. . . . , 319 
 
 Spangler, David 212 
 
 Spangler, E. T 225 
 
 Spence, George 100 
 
 Sproat, Eben 177 
 
 Stallo, John B 34 
 
 Stanbery, Henry 433 
 
 Stanton, E. M 256 
 
 Stanton, W 637 
 
 Starling, Lyne 658 
 
 St. Clair, Arthur 410 
 
 Stedman, VV'^illiam 265 
 
 Steedman, James B 352 
 
 Steel, Samuel 264 
 
 Steel, Samuel F'.^. 290 
 
 177 '/Stephan, A 635 v Vandeman, John L 
 
 356 j Rowland, Charles W 11 
 
 Royce, D. H 626 
 
 Palm, Jefferson 517; Ruffin, James L 64 
 
 Pape, Ed. VV ... 455 ' Ruggles, Benjamin 220 
 
 Parrott, Edwin A 392 Russ, Ross C 366 
 
 I’arry, Augustus C 411 i Rust, Richard S 44 
 
 Parsons, Samuel H 478 ' 
 
 Parvin, S. H 19 Sargent, Edwnr* 72 
 
 Patterson, John F^ 70 Saunderson, 'F. W 505 
 
 Pattison. John M i53iSaur, J. C 310 
 
 Payne, Henry B 283 I Scarborough, William W 599 
 
 Pearce, Fmoch 595^ Schaefer, Louis 544 
 
 Pearson, J )seph 250 | Schenck, lames F' 58 
 
 Peaslee, John H 398 ] Schenck, William C 59 
 
 Stevens, L. E 141 
 
 Stevenson, R. W 174 
 
 Stewart, G. H 174 
 
 Stewart, Henry C 424 
 
 33 ,Stiebel, Henry G 522 
 
 Stifel, .Adam 17 
 
 Stimson, Rodney M 66 
 
 Stems, William 29 
 
 Swaney, Joseph A 317 
 
 Swayne, Wager 389 
 
 Swift, Isaac 525 
 
 Swine, John 478 
 
 Symmes, John C 401 
 
 Taft, .Alphonso 26 
 
 /T’aft, Charles P 178 
 
 daft, J 162 
 
 Tage, Wiliiam H 468 
 
 Tallmadge, Darius 243 
 
 Tarbell, David 210 
 
 Tarchet, Moses 498 
 
 Tatum, Samuel C 25 
 
 Taylor, Alexander 1) 417 
 
 Taj lor, David I)-. 221 
 
 Taylor, l^zra B 62 
 
 Taylor, James 91 
 
 Taylor, Joseph D 287 
 
 Taylor, J. B 221 
 
 Taylor, S. C 661 
 
 d'emple, John 467 
 
 Thacker, John A 126 
 
 Thayer, Proctor 64 
 
 Thcis, Charles 531 
 
 d'homas, David W 391 
 
 d homas, d'homas F^ 397 
 
 d'hompson, James H 554 
 
 d'hompson, John L 85 
 
 Thompson. J. G 358 
 
 d'hompson, M. F 571 
 
 Thomson, Edward 483 
 
 'I horne, W’illiain F 143 
 
 d'hornhill, F’. W 163 
 
 342 
 
 'riffin, Edward 452 
 
 d inker, H envy 478 
 
 linsley, 1 homas R 534 
 
 d'insley, William 551 
 
 Tod, David 263 
 
 d'od, George 583 
 
 ' Torbert, James L 133 
 
 - d'orbert, James L., Jr 146 
 
 d'ownshend, Norton S 472 
 
 dVainer, J. H. S 306 
 
 d'revitt, Henry 151 
 
 d'revitt, John 137 
 
 d’revitt, \Vd.liam 158 
 
 Trimble, Allen. 390 
 
 Trimble, Joseph McD 203 
 
 d'rimble, William A 273 
 
 d'rimble, William H 593 
 
 True, B. C 22 
 
 d'ryon, H. G 663 
 
 d’upper, Benjamin 170 
 
 d’urney, Owen d' 578 
 
 d'urrill, M . S 102 
 
 d'uule, George M i_,6 
 
 Underwood, A. H 61 
 
 Underwood, J. P 
 
 Vallandigham, C. L 
 Van, John. 
 
 532 
 
 267 
 
 227 
 
 6u8 
 
 Storer, Bellamy 451 ^ Wagciihals, P 
 
 Storrs, Charles B. 
 Stough, William. 
 
 14 
 
 Straight, Seymour 80 
 
 Stratton, W. P. .. 84 
 
 Straub, W. F' 40 
 
 Straiich, Adolph 39 
 
 Strihley, (icorge 97 
 
 Sirobridge, Hines 51 
 
 Strong, Robert O 48 
 
 ; Stroud, C. E 382 
 
 658./Wahle, Gustave R 259 
 
 Vattier, J. L 453 
 
 Von B mhorst. C. (» 583 
 
 Voorhes, R. M 5., 7 
 
 Waddcl, d'homas 411 
 
 Wade, Ben. F' 415 
 
 Wade, Jeptha H 588 
 
 Wade, M. S 307 
 
 Waggoner, M 
 
 254 
 
 480 
 
 Waite, M R 235 
 
 Waientt, Charles C 260 
 
 Walden. John M 435 
 
 Wales, C 1' 636 
 
 Walkc, Anthony 25 
 
 Walker, \V. d' 321 
 
 Wallace, Henry H 205 
 
 Wallace, William I’ 466 
 
N 
 
 672 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Wallridge, Horace S. . 
 
 Ward, William W 
 
 Wardle, Samuel 
 
 Warner, Sidney L 
 
 \ Wasson, John H .... 
 
 N Weaver, W. L 
 
 Webb, John. 
 
 Weber, Gustav C. fc'-. 
 
 Weddell Peter 
 
 Wedge, Francis 
 
 \ Wehrmann, L. F 
 
 • Weidman, John C 
 
 Godfrey 
 
 ^Weit/el, Lewis 
 
 Welch, John 
 
 Wells, Jacob M 
 
 Wells. J. D 
 
 Welsh, Isaac 
 
 West, Joseph H . . . . . 
 Wheeler, Benjamin I). 
 Wheeler, Lyman 
 
 281 
 
 70 
 
 199 
 
 292 
 
 486 
 
 302 
 
 624 
 
 598 
 
 563 
 
 230 
 
 190 
 
 210 
 
 386 
 
 425 
 
 76 
 
 .... 391 
 
 476 
 
 381 
 
 .... 587 
 
 . . . 466 
 502 
 
 Wheeler, S. C 
 
 Whipple, Abraham.... 
 
 White, Alexander 
 
 White, Emerson E.... 
 
 White, Joseph W 
 
 White, Levi 
 
 Whiting, Auren W. . . . 
 
 Whitney, Luther 
 
 Whittaker, James T... 
 Whittlesey, Charles. . . 
 
 Whittlesey, Elisha 
 
 WikotT. Allen T 
 
 Wiiford, James B .... 
 
 Wilkison, David 
 
 Willey, George 
 
 Willey, John W 
 
 Williams, Elkanah.... 
 
 Williams, James 
 
 Williams, Peter T.... 
 
 Williamson, David 
 
 Williamson, Paul H. . . 
 
 625 
 
 410 
 
 175 
 
 279 
 
 187 
 
 349 
 
 151 
 
 305 
 
 349 
 
 Willson, H. V 364 
 
 Wilson, (ieorge W 548 
 
 Wilson, James K. 139 
 
 Wilson, James L 657 
 
 Wilson, John G 609 
 
 Wilson, M. F 137 
 
 Wilson, Peter L 195 
 
 Wilson, William 555 
 
 Winans,J. J 497 
 
 552 Winegurner, David C 392 
 
 558 
 
 411- 
 
 654 
 
 624 
 
 378 
 
 5i!7' 
 
 35 
 
 191 
 
 662 
 
 135 
 
 34 
 
 Winslow, Rich 388 
 
 Wise, Isaac M 309 
 
 Wise, James S 238 
 
 Wise, Robert W 240 
 
 Witherspoon, Orlando 550 
 
 Witt, Stillman 441 
 
 Wittstein, G. C. F ... 384 
 
 ^Wolf, Andrew 651 
 
 \Wolf, Daniel 66 
 
 vWolfe, N. B 45 
 
 Wolff, Charles H 35 
 
 Wood, Oliver 
 
 ... 363 
 
 Wood, Reuben 
 
 
 Wood, Samuel B 
 
 
 Woodbridge, T 
 
 ... 512 
 
 Woods, John 
 
 
 Woods, Joseph T 
 
 ... 268 
 
 Woodward, Charles 
 
 
 Woodward. W. H 
 
 . . . 172 
 
 Worthington, Henry 
 
 550 
 
 Worthington, James M.... 
 
 
 Worthington, John 
 
 
 Worthington, 'i'homas 
 
 • •• 579 
 
 Worthington. Vachel 
 
 
 Wright, Robert 
 
 
 Wright, I hoinas 
 
 ... 518 
 
 Yeatman, Thomas H. . . . . 
 
 .. . 253 
 
 Yeoman, S. B 
 
 ... 647 
 
 Yeoman, S. N 
 
 
 Young, Samuel M 
 
 ... 489 
 
 Young, William 
 
 
 6' I 
 
 THE END. 
 
I 
 

 9 
 
'iV'fl. 
 
 f