'•••: . . ■ • * ; • • MONTENEGRO BELGIUM ROUMANIA Copyright 1917 By Leslie- Judge Co., New York CHINA FRANCE PORTUGAL SERVIA JAPAN GREAT BRITAIN Copyright, 1917, by LESLIE-JUDGE COMPANY Dr *„«/ rrfr&- S.rrt. Introduction X \ § * \ N A ROUND THE WORLD with a camera visiting every nation under the sun! Who would not like to make such a trip in safety and in ease? It is a journey but few of us could make during the Great War, when in every sea lurks the danger of mines and submarines, and when every country is thronged with spies, making the use of a camera forbidden except by official photographers. The photographs which appear in ‘ AROUND THE WORLD WITH A CAMERA'' for these very reasons become one of the most notable collections of photographs ever produced in a single book. They are the gems and selected contributions from thousands of photographs taken by Leslie’s staff photographers, including James H. Hare’s pictures from the battlefronts in France and Italy, Donald Thompson’s pictures from Russia and the Balkans, Lucien S. Kirtland's pictures on the Russian fronts, the famous flying pictures by Zinn, together with hundreds of pictures from other photographers, covering all battlefronts. The American nrmy and Navy are given particular attention in a special section. These pictures are of decided interest and merit and were taken in camp and at sea by officers and men of the United States Army and Navy or by official photographers for the government. They show our Sailor Boys ready for action on battleships at sea, and our Soldier Boys in camp and trench learning to conquer the enemy. With this volume before him, one can start on a tour covering the magnificent scenery in the western part of the United States and then experience the charm of the balmy clime which the winter tourist finds in Southern California, he will next pass through that land of marvelous riches, the Pacific coast, up to Alaska, the last stronghold of the hardy American pioneer. Thence he will go across the Pacific and through the Orient, laughing through Japan and China with Homer Croy, seeing curious things about Chinese clothes and customs. He will come back to the battlefronts and to our own country with “Men Who Are Winning The War” in the great industrial ac- tivities of our own country speeded up to a momentum never dreamed of before. Specially selected photographs display sports, current events, great disasters, and engineering feats throughout the United States of particular interest to our own people. Every family in America should have this wonder- ful book, for here is a never-ending source of interest, an unfailing spring of great educational value. JOHN A. SLEICHER, Editor “Leslie s Weekly” Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates https://archive.org/details/aroundworldwithc00unse_0 THE WORLD’S GREATEST WAR “THE WORLD’S GREATEST WAR” HAS TERRIBLE SIGNIFI- CANCE. IT MEANS THE LARGEST ARMIES EVER ASSEMBLED, THE FIERCEST BATTLES EVER FOUGHT, THE MOST CRUEL ATROCITIES EVER COMMITTED AND THE MOST SPLENDID VALOR EVER SHOWN. IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO REALIZE THAT MILLIONS OF MEN ARE FIGHTING AGAINST EACH OTHER TO THE VERY DEATH. IT SEEMS INCREDIBLE THAT WAR SHOULD INVOLVE NEAR- LY ALL THE CIVILIZED NATIONS OF EUROPE, EXTENDING ACROSS THE SEAS TO JAPAN AND EVEN TOUCH CANADA IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE, AND THE UNITED STATES. THE MOST RIGID CENSORSHIP WAS ESTABLISHED AGAINST NEWSPAPER PHOTOGRAPHERS AND CORRE- SPONDENTS; YET THEY WERE ABLE TO SECURE PHOTO- GRAPHS, SKETCHES AND INFORMATION WHICH THE PUBLIC SO EAGERLY AWAITED. EVERYONE IS INTERESTED IN THE CAUSES OF THE WAR, IN THE MARSHALLING OF THE CONTENDING FORCES AGAINST EACH OTHER, AND IN THE OPENING CHAPTERS OF A STRUGGLE THAT AT THIS WRITING BIDS FAIR TO CON- TINUE FOR A MUCH LONGER PERIOD THAN WAS ANTICI- PATED AT THE OUTBREAK OF HOSTILITIES. HENCE THE SPECIAL VALUE OF THIS LATEST SECTION IN OUR FAMOUS BOOK “AROUND THE WORLD WITH A CAMERA.” HB RAW JUNO'S viKWERsrrf of NOTHING n FROM DONALD C. THOMPSON STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER FOR LESLIE’S DEAD BEFORE THE ALTAR A church in a little village within the French lines on the Verdun sector was used as a hospital and many wounded men were carried into it to be attended by the devoted Red Cross doctors who work within the zone of fire. While the building was crowded with suf- fering humanity shells began to fall near it and it was neces- sary to evacuate it with all possible speed. Sorre shells struck the church and killed several of the inmates. Two of t: ese unfortunates were ly- ing ia front of a side altar when the bombardment was over. The statue in the niche and the candles before it were untouched in all the wrack of destruction. Many stories are told of sacred imdges being preserved while their surroundings are destroyed. Perhaps m. mosi authentic is thac cf the Golden Virgin of Albert. This figure surmounted the spire of the village church, and when the town w’as bombarded the church suffered severely. The statue was torn from its pedes- tal, but d.i not fall. Instead it hung in a horizontal position with arms outstretched over the village, in an attitude of protection. There it has re- mained for many n onths, making a deep impression on the roman ic French people. A saying has become current that the statue will remain as it is until the German menace to France is ended. Complaint has been made about the German bombard- ment of churches, but seem- ingly without justice. Towns in the fighting area are battered to pieces by artillery, and the churches share a common fate with other buildings. Being in many cases the largist and most conspicuous, they natu- rally suffer first. Where they have been deliberately singled out for bombardment there has been a suspicion that their towers were being «sed as ob- servation posts. Many of the villages recently taken by the French and British are so com- pletely destroyed that even the b: i eks and stones of the buildings are reduced to dust< When France Goes Over the Top Exclusive Photographs for Leslie’s. Copyright Underwood & Underwood. A Frenchman already decorated with the croix de guerre secured these pictures when a I German trench on the Champagne front. The men are seen going through their own raiding party of picked men from t lie 134th Regiment of Infantry made a dash into a | wire entanglements just after they have climbed over the top into No Man's Land. The attacking party is seen in the middle of No Man’s Land, exposed to the German fire. barbed wire, but the French made the trip, killed several Germans and returned 'Phe enemy's line was aoout S)0 yards from the French trench and heavily protected by with four prisoners in less than four minutes. This is fast work. The French soldiers are seen in the distance entering the Ger- man trench, having carried their coup de main through to the vital moment. In the foreground a wounded French soldier is making his way back to the French line. The attack was made with the aid of a. barrage and the smoke of bursting shells is seen beyond the trench at the right. At the left members of the party are seen just before the attack was made. The soldier behind the post carries a bag filled with grenades, for in warfare of this type the hand grenade plays as important a part as the rifle and bayonet. At the right are members of the party with a German prisoner taken in the raid and hustled back to the French line. He is about to start, under escort, for the commandant’s headquarters, where he will be questioned. Attacks such as this are seldom made before the artillery preparation has battered the enemy's trendies into shapeless hollows and so overwhelmed the nervous systems of those surviving in them that resistance is slight, for unless this is done the machine gun and rifle fire of the defenders would sweep the attacking party away with scant loss to those in the trench. vs Flying for France Exclusive Photographs from FREDERIC W. ZINN The presentation of the Legion of Honor is a Hit of ceremony handed down from Napoleon’s time. It is the sole touch of sentiment that has withstood the ravages of modern war The officer who awards the decorations, usual! v a general (hut not in this case), first reads out loud the man's citation, pins on this decoration, touches him on each shoulder with a saber, and finishes with a stage kiss. Although military medals are awarded for bravery, the highest decoration in the gift of France is the Cross of the Legion of Honor, the only existing order in the French Republic. In peace times the Legion of Honor has been given for conspicuous accomplishments in civil life, and has been conferred on foreigners and in some cases upon women. A “close up” of a fatal accident. This was due to a motor stopping before the machine was well clear of the ground. The fall was of barely a hundred feet but the destruction was complete. The observer was killed and the pilot badly injured. If this stoppage had occurred at a thousand or at ten thousand feet the pilot would have been able to glide down and land without the slightest inconvenience, but, as it was, the fall was so short he had no time to “straighten out” for a landing. Flying low is infinitely more dangerous than flying high. This was the outcome of a combat described by Mr. Zinn at some length in his article in the November 10 issue of Leslie’s. The two boys in the middle (one of them has since been badly wounded) drove a German plane to earth behind the French lines. Each was driving a Spad monoplane. On either side of them (bare- headed) are the Germans they forced down, the pilot, with the bandaged foot, at the right, and the German observer at the left. The other three are mechanics. The German machine is an Albatross used for photo- graphic reconnaissances. Next to the seats of pilot and observer were boxes of matches with which to burn the machine in case of emer- gency, but apparently neither tried to use them. Some German machines carry pe- tards with which the pilot may destroy the machine, in case he falls in enemy terri- tory. The pilots dislike to carry them because if hit by a bullet or piece of shell they are liable to explode, destroy- ing machine and crew. THE BIG DRIVE IN PRANCE '"'''////Ay's*','.,, '■" r/ /"%, m&mE ' '///wm ', y//////^5 traaec ?/////// Kj LEAVING THE TRENCHES The beginning of an attack, pictured on the Somme front. jrv|. FROM DONALD C. THOMPSON STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER FOR LESLIE’S ]*' ? PRISONERS COMING IN The terrific bombardments that always pre- cede infantry attacks frequently cut offdetach- ments of the enemy from their supports. They can only surrender or wait to be killed. No blame can attach to them for choosing the former alternative. The prioto shows Germans running toward the French lines. START OF THE RUSH \ '**£ \ ** % At a given signal the French “Poilus” leap \ \% from their trenches and start on a double for the German position marked for capture. They must pass through a hail of bullets and they move as rapidly as possible. When a first attack fails, a second, and if necessary a third and fourth, are launched FRANCE’S BIGGEST GUNS When the war began France had no portable artillery of a larger caliber than 155 millimeters (about six inches) but now 40-centimeter guns are numerous. FEEDING THE GUNS A shell being swung off a car by means of a crane. Where possible shells are f -Jff’ handled by hand, as there is less danger of explosion. m M y^//////////////////////zW^^ OUT OF THE TRENCHES FOR GOOD German prisoners in a camp behind the French lines. German prisoners in a camp behind the French lines. RESTING UNDER FIRE A French battalion, nearing the front, lies down during a halt, PHOTOGRAPHED FROM A ZEPPELIN BATTLE IN THE AIR DURING A GERMAN RAID ON ENGLAND This photograph - one of the most remarkable of the war — was made from the bridge of a zeppelin, looking toward the stern. The triangular body at the top of the picture is the keel of the gas envelope and the box-like arrangements are rudders. Note that three aero- planes are shown, one immediately under the gas bag and the other two considerably below the zeppelin. The two white puffs are exploding bombs, dropped from other aeroplanes soaring COPYRIGHT WORLD FEATURE SERVICE above the zeppelin at the moment the picture was taken. The zeppelin was raiding England end all the aeroplanes were hostile, but were not able to damage the huge airship, which had a speed greater than that of its pursuers. The bombs in the picture have dropped well astern of the zeppelin, indicating that she was at that moment outdistancing her pursuers. Germany is reported to be constructing many new zeppelins, with which she intends to severely harass England. 2 EUROPE’S EMBLEMS OP VALOR A reproduction in actual size and color of the leading war medals of t u e principal warring countries of Europe. None are lightly earned and among millions of intelligent men now in t..e ranks of the various nations of Europe these bits of metal and ribbon are more coveted than wealth. The emblems vary all the way from the elaborate Serbian order of St. George in solid gold and enamel to the German Iron Cross, which has an intrinsic value ol only a few cents, but which is none the less coveted. Their sen‘imental value makes these decorations so highly desired. The decorations reproduced are: Copyright 1916 By Leslie-Judge Co.. N. Y. Photographed from originals No 1 — Star of St. George (Karageorg ) . Founded in 1304 -*y "ing Peter I of Serbia. It is conferred (with swords 1 in war time for specially meritorious er ice in the Serbian army. It is made of gol d and enamel. No. 2 — Military Order of St. George. Founded December 7th, 1769, by Queen Catherine II of Russia. There are five classes, the first and secoud being conferred only on general). Our illustration is of the third class. It is given for distinguished ser /ice or conspicuous bravery. Made of gold and ename’. No. 3 — Order of the Crown o f Italy. Founded Februi*y 20th, 1858, by King Victor Emanuel of Italy. It is of five classes and may be awarded for any diitinguished ser /ice to the nation in war or peace. It is, therefore, possible for it to be conferred upon a foreigner. Made of gold and enamel. No. 4 — Croix de Guerre of France. Established April 8 th, 1915. There are four classes, the first being shown. The first class is given for mention in regimental orders, and for each subsequent citation a star (as shown in the illustration! or a wreath (for the aviation service) is added. Made of bronze. No 5 — Victoria Cross of Gr»if Britain. Founded January 29th, 1856. It is conferred for military or naval service of unique value or for personal bravery of an unusual degree. It carries with it an implied right to a pension, and by British law may never be taken away from the recipient under any conditions whatever. There is but one class, but the naval decoration has a blue ribbon instead of the purple one of the army medal shown in the illustration. Made of bronze fro n ;u m captured in the Crimean war. No 6 — Iron Cross of Germany ^"u^ded Ma-ch 10th, 1813. by Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia. There are three classes, the illustr iti '*'» snoving the second class. It is awarded for military service only, and particularly for conspicuous bravery. It is made of iron and is the most coveted of German decorations. No 7— Croix of Guerre of Belgium Instituted in 1915 by King Albert, it is given for meri- torious ser /ice in the present war. Made of bronze. The illustrations are from originals from the private collection of Captain Donald C. Thomp- son, with the exception of the Victoria Cross and the Iron Cross, which are from the collection of the American Numismatic Society of New York City. i THE BOOTY OF WAR CAREFULLY PRESERVED A view from the Verdun sector, where the French have taken a German trench and are gathering I field is held by French law to be the Republic’s property, and soldiers must turn in all spoils to the spcils, a vast number of articles of dress and equipment. Everything picked up on the battle- ■ the proper officers. Even fragments of brass and copper from shells are sent to munitions factories A HALT FOR FOOD Party of French soldiers having lunch by the way. The screen of brush to the left of the picture has been erected to conceal a field-piece, or something equally important, from the enemy aviators. RESTING IN A RUINED VILLAGE While the French soldiers — “poilus” the French people affectionately call them — rest, they clean their rifles. The rifle must be kept spotless no matter how much it is exposed to the weather and the mud. Consequently the soldier hates it, seeing in it only an additional burden on the march and a constant source of work. But when the real business of war begins, and hostile forces come into contact the rifle becomes the soldier’s best friend. Then it is that he realizes how necessary was the care he gave his gun. The French ride is provided with a long, triangular bayonet which is a most effective weapon. ITS ALPINE BATTLEFIELDS •M DONALD C. THOMPSON STAFF WAR PHOTOGRAPHER FOR LESLIE’S M MAN AND NATURE p SHELTER THE 14 SOLDIER If The mountain fast- nesses offer protection from attack as they provide posi- of advantage for rifle fire. To the natural fortifications, however, must be added the man- made protections which walli of sandbags give. Mountain warfare is particularly difficult because of the inconvenience in Ww/ bringing ammunition and supplies to the desired position. Much of the nec- essary handling of munitions has had to be done by means of ropes lowered over the sides of cliffs. ^///////////////////////////////^^^^ -'V /j "V i m •• >j£ -v r ' B ih *.;■ ' a H V HQ .** v , •>' *• “ : * y ' 500 feet above the battlefield. It shows one of the forward movements of French troops at the Somme, which is now ad- mitted to be the biggest and bloodiest of all the battles of the Great War. Here, for the first time, we have a photograph that shows on a comprehensive scale the actual forward movement of an attacking party. The foreground of the picture shows the French forces which have advanced through “ No Man’s Land” between the per- manent first line positions and have made shallow shelter trenches for themselves, princi- pally by connecting shell holes by ditches. At the moment the photograph was taken the French troops had emerged from their shelter for the final rush on the German position, which is indi- cated by white lines in the extreme background. A little to the left of the center of the picture and almost at the top of the page is a file of four soldiers. These are Germans who are retiring. It will be noted that the French line is thin and the men in irregular formation. This is the so-called “open attack.” Machine guns and repeating rifles have made at- tacks in mass an impossibility in modem war. Every infantry charge is pref- aced by a terrific artillery fire. In this case the small trees near the center of the picture have been cut down to mere stumps by shells and the whole surface of the earth is pitted with craters. Airplanes hover over the battle field and direct the fire of the artillery by wireless, and some- times even swoop down and pour machine gun fire into the enemy trenches. u ft I I ft II i I It I 1 1 b m m it ft 1 WAR IN CARPATHIAN SNOWS BEEP IN TOE % DRIFTS These photographs show Austro-Hungarian troops in the heights of the Car- pathian mountains where heavy fighting ha? been in progress for more than a year, the Rus- sians attempting to force their way through the many passes with vary- ing success. Winter be- gins in early October in the higher altitudes, and the snow is 15 feet deep in places. Snow shoes or skiis are frequently used by the troops. The hardy lives they lead are indicated by the photo- graph at the lower right, which the German pho- tographer entitled “Morning Wash in Win- ter.*’ Troops holding these positions are sheN tered in trench dugouts when on the first line and billeted in villages when in reserve. They do not live in tents, as do our sol- diers when on campaign service. WARRING WITH MAN AND NATURE from DONALD C. THOMPSON, staff war photographer for Leslie's AN AUSTRIAN SHELL’S DEADLY WORK Thi high explosive shell landed in the Italian barbed wire entanglements in front of a mountain- side trench. Earth and shattered rock were thrown great distances, and several human victims may be seen in the foreground. It is truly said that in the Alps campaign the aggressors fight against both man and nature, so tremendous are the topographical difficulties. HANDLING WOUNDED UNDER DIFFICULTIES Stretchers are often lowered down the sides of clifTs a hundred or more feet high. Soldiers wounded in the more remote parts of Italy’s mountain line are frequently several days in reaching arailroad. In some places they are transported across impassable ravines in aerial cars, suspended from cables. TRENCH MAKING HERE IS HARD WORK This photograph is from a mountain side on the Trieste front and shows a party of soldiers digging themselves in- after taking a- position from the Austrians. The ground is so rocky that entrenching a labor of almost incredible hardship. A TAUBE ON THE WING Germany has many designs of heavier-than-air flying t| machines, but the Taube (dove) is the favorite. At the k Lubeck school hundreds of young soldiers were trained £ in aviation both for the army and the navy. All German || aeroplanes are marked by the maltese cross, as shown in f/ this photograph. b&f&Ki GERMANY’S FLYING SCHOOL PHOTOGRAPHS COPYRIGHT BY BROWN & DAWSON HEBE IS THE ORIGINAL AIR-DOG The students at the great aviation school at Lubeck, Germany, made a pet of an English bulldog and taught him to go up in aeroplanes as a passenger. He was fitted with a knitted jacket to keep him warm. PREPARING FOR A FLIGHT This biplane is a school machine, but closely approx- imates the type used at the front. When these photo- graphs were made the photographer was especially cau- tioned not to men- tion the location of the school, but the censor forgot that the name of the city appeared prominently o n some of the hang- ars. These are said to be the only photographs of this school which have been permitted to go out of Germany. A. .^^ Jrr -^- Tl . TOT ^^ ni _ nTT - rnr|1|1riTlr|rT[T . (f|r|rt . WM|Tmr| . |nri||Trf| n | | 1|r[f| n , - - |(| u m i nMufi ij H 1 W h | i| | ))|| >1 I HH i I I VOLUNTEERS FROM TOE BEST FAMILIES OF GERMANY All German aviators are volunteers, and despite the fact that the air service is the most perilous of all, the youth of the best families are eager to get into it. When 8 young man approaches the age at which he would be drawn into the army he bends every effort to get assigned to the aviation branch. The training is rigorous. and no man is sent to the fighting line until he has passed exhaustive tests in handling various styles of machines. Captain Boelke, who was killed in an air duel, was the hero of the German aviation corps, having destroyed about 40 Allied machines on the Western front before being sent crashing to earth by a young British aviator BRYANIZED HOWITZERS In the dim past one William J. Bryan said that if war came a million men would spring to arms overnight, so why worry? America didn’t worry. The war came, and a million men sprang to arms. Here is one of the “overnight” howitzers, one of the arms to which they sprang. Our soldiers have an unlimited number of these guns. They are fairly simple to manufacture and operate. LEARNING THE WAY TO USE A GUN BUTT The modern infantryman handles his rifle with the ease of a drum-major on parade. Time was when the butt was used as a clumsy club and the bayonet was only a knife on a stick, but the dever drill-master has worked out an intricate manual that gives the trained soldier many ways of fencing with his weapon. Hard Work for the National Guard Exclusive Pictures bv JAMES H. HARE. Staff War Photographer ENGINEERS BUILD- ING A SNAKE ROAD The devastating effect of shell fire in modern warfare has thrown greater responsibility on the Engineers’ Corps than ever before and officers and men are among the hardest- worked soldiers in an army. The company above is throwing a bridge across a stream to allow the artillery and baggage train to cross. This is not a light, tem- porary bridge but a well- timbered structure built to stand the wear which a military road receives. FIRST-AID INSTRUCTION While much of the dem- onstration work in first aid is done on perfectly healthy and un- scratched “subjects,” the average concentra- tion camp produces many minor injury cases that give surgeons full opportunity to demon- strate what to do and how to do it. This and other pictures on this page were taken at Camp Sevier, made up o f Guardsmen from Tennessee and the Caro- linas. STRAIGHTENING A MOUNTAIN ROAD Here the Engineering Corps is cutting off an unnecessary detour. The shortest distance between two points being a straight line, the army engineer endeavors to stick to this law as far as is possible. ~r. ■ M iatigs . ..w' . • .'. , i «. ,m nim w " . . .i n ••• ■ mt-w-i . -v-^ULuM ^ /»• • Ak ■ llg 1 i&fr&M * JUrrn*, i * by F. W. ZINN PICTURES AND CAPTIONS ARE PROM A SOLDIER WHO WAS AT THE FRENCH FRONT FROM 1914 UNTIL HE WAS PROMOTED TO BE AN AVIATION ST UDENT CAPTURED IN THE BATTLE OF THE MARNE Their health has not suffered in the 20 months they have spent in France. They have been housed in good, clean barracks and have been well fed. They get the regular peace-time army ration of meat, bread, soup, and vegetables. While, from the American standpoint, it may seem to lack variety, it is sufficient in regard to quality and quantity — being the same that all European troops are accustomed to during their military service. The French government supplies its prisoners of war with tobacco, and gives them the regular army pay so they are able to buy most of the standard luxuries from their camp canteen. THROUGH THE COMMUNICATION TRENCH As soon as a batch of prisoners are taken they are rushed across the open space and, with a wounded or Red Cross man to guide them, they are turned loose in the communication trench that leads to the rear. They need no guards to hurry them along, for once men have thrown down their arms all courage seems to leave them. Self-preservation is their only instinct. All that they want is to get back out of range of their own guns. They never even think of trying to escape. QUESTIONING PRISONERS In other wars the prisoners taken were always considered important sources of informa- tion but now, due to the recon- naissances of the aviators and to the work of well-organized secret agents, the prisoners can seldom tell anything that is not already known. The in- telligence officer who does the questioning does not, as a rule, waste his time trying to get unusual information out of a prisoner; he asks only a few simple questions about the man’s regiment — where he came from, what he has been doing, and so on. By itself the information from an indi- vidual has no value, but by piecing together all that is obtained from a few hundred prisoners the General Staff can make certain uses of it. EN ROUTE FOR Once back out of range of the guns the prisoners are col- lected by the old Territorials and are giVen food and water and an opportunity to rest. The chances are that for the week preceding the attack most of their supplies have been cut off by the bombardment and they are terribly tired and THE INTERIOR thirsty and are ravenously hungry. As soon as their needs have been supplied and they have sufficiently rested they are formed up “column fours” and march to the nearest rail-head where trains are waiting to take them into interior distribut- ing camps. t BRINGING IN THEIR WOUNDED German prisoners, under the escort of a French Red Cros3 man, taking one of their com- rades to the hospital. They often also pick up and bring back our wounded. Their rea- son is probably because they are afraid that they may be mistaken for an attacking force and they want to show their good faith. In the case of the Bavarians and Saxon3 it may be partly a humanita- rian instinct that prompts them. UNG AIRCRAFT PIECE REVERSED PIVOT J P^vl SINGLE jSCJ mmm mm. •2 900 HI?. DIESEL MOTORS, GIVING A SURFACE SPEED OF 17 KNOTS , & A RADIUS OF ACTION OF 5000 KTS. IJP.jELECTRIC MOTORS. OrVING iERGED SPEED OF 12 KTS , «. A TROUBLE - MAKING SUBMARINE GUN LYING IN RECESS IN DECK. GUN D * RHCESS CLOSED GUN IN ACTJO) THE GUN CAN BE RAISED AND FIRST SHOT FIRED IN 20 SECONDS Submarines are now equipped with folding deck guns, and frequently destroy their prey by shell fire, which is cheaper than torpedoing. The first cut to the left shows the gun folded under deck, the second its position as it emerges; in the third it is trained for action against a ship, and in the fourth it is employed as an anti-aircraft weapon. r 3 '.'ARMOUR H-UPPER DECK ISO’ ! ■ t I ]. ORPEob irUBE STARS . B0W I 1 [RES-k |3"GU | ----- - /*5r / ~ ^ACCOMODATION OR CREW OF 30 , SUITABLE FOB LONG VOYAGES j: DISPLACEMENT lOOO TONS THE EVOLUTION The small boat in the upper left-hand corner is the submarine of 15 years ago. Th», large one is the submarine of last year. It is known that the super-sub- marines of Germany are a distinct advance over this type, but details are neces- sarily kept secret. The cruising radius of the submarine is its most important factor. Germany is now credited with having under-sea' boats that can remoin away from port for a month. In this respect, as in many others, the Germans OP THE SUBMARINE have distanced their competitors in submarine building. From the beginning of the war they have plaoed great dependence on this type of boat. Results, thus far, it is held by neutral experts, have not justified the high expectations of the submarine’s effectiveness against fighting vessels, and it is unable to raid com- merce and comply with the rules of war at sea. This inability was the cause of our trouble with Germany, which resulted in breaking off diplomatic relations. At the Top o’ the World Italy' s Armies Guard the Mountain-tops Exclusive Italian Official Photographs Before the enemy can be reached the snows must be conquered. Through these great drifts the men must tunnel and burrow and plough in order to advance and to keep their lines of communications open. On the right we see the men working on a military road to keep the way clear for the pas- sage of men and supplies and also for the heavy guns which, despite the terrible physical difficulties, must be brought up to the front. Far up the snow-filled valley the figures of the men can be seen. If they should fail in their work no strategy could save the fighters •H,. . * f,, ' • WONDERFUL AERIAL PICTURE OF FORT DOUAUMONT SHELL HOLES AND TRENCHES This picture was made just before the French attack upon Fort Douaumont on May 23d. The fort was taken by the Germans on February 24th. The fort is the six-sided object at the extreme left. The small lines running through the greater p as I s . =■'! " © 05 § s 2 » a Ji XJ *n ts I a X “ j, £ H •-, js o Q.H o c» • O 3 V) Si - &) U ^ r: « a £ -s •» e ; S ■ 5 s ^ c c u «. O £ a -5 " a c S E a 5 « o « ^ o> u *J to a> C aj S 3 U O ffl P |1I to a 7 c 2 vo u a ^ CO ^ 1 « js|J i> •- S 5 -c "o P £ M S H 3 «: a Training the National Army Photographs by JAMES H. HARE Staff War Photographer Although one may not win a commission by ability to roll up blankets, officers must be able to explain the knack to fresh recruits. They merely have to learn to fold the blanket once across its shortest dimen- sion, and then twice across its longest dimension, and then roll it. In Camp Jackson so many new recruits have been enrolled that the supply of khaki has given out, and the new soldiers have to be drilled in their simple dimities. In many of the camps there is plenty of khaki, but no privates. At Camp Doniphan, Okla., recently there was only one private to one brigadier general, one colonel, six majors and one hundred captains; and a colonel talked seriously of hiring a private. Now and then an American is found even in the army — an Aboriginal American, that is. These 40 Croatan Indians are learning at Camp Jackson how to handle a rifle as well as their ancestors did the useful tomahawk. The Croatans (about 6000 of them) were recently recog- nized as descendants of the Croatan Indians Sir Walter Raleigh found living on an island off the coast of what is now North Carolina. The men at Camp Jackson, Columbia, South Carolina, are down in the books for $452,000 worth of Liberty bonds — a per capita sub- scription of $29.91 — which showing permits them to drill in the shade of the Liberty Loan Indicator with the free conscience essential to army training. Reports to the Adjutant General of the Army reveal that the army in all has subscribed $45,000,000 to the Liberty Loan. (v s; • , Wooden horses do not intimidate the recruits. Nervous artillery drivers can learn the proper method of standing to horse, holding the reins, mounting and dismounting, and of executing many of the mounted exercises, without ruining the few horses that maybe are to be found. They save the horses, too, much rough pulling around the mouth, and keep them for the more advanced instruction with _ harness and draft, and with equitation — whatever that is. GUARDIANS OF OUR ISLANDS PHOTOGRAPHS BT H. H. GORDON A MORTAR WITH A RECORD One of the 12-inch high-angle guns in the fortifications of Oahu. It has a range of 15 miles and recently made a new record at target practice by scoring 20 hits out of 25 shots. Mortars have a high trajectory and are particularly effective in dealing with warships be- cause their projectiles are more likely to penetrate unpro- tected decks than are those from flat- trajectory guns. WAITING FOR THE WORD One of the 14-inch guns at Fort Kame- hameha, island of Oahu, Hawaii, charged and ready to be fired. This was landed in 1913. Its trials have shown it to be a first-class weapon. Hawaii is the most strongly fortified of our island possessions. It has many natural ad- vantages for defen- sive projects and is of great strategic value. A MOUTHFUL FOR A TWELVE-INCH RIFLE Gun crew at Fort Ruger, near Honolulu, rushing a 12-inch shell to the gun which has just been discharged, as is shown by the smoke pouring out of the open breech. These shells are brought up from the magazine on little trucks which are just the right height to place the point of the shell in the open breech of the gun. This gun has made 12 hits in 12 shots. A well-trained crew can fire these monster guns with surprising rapidity, but it takes at least two years to make a good gunner out of a recruit A STORE-ROOM FILLED WITH MINES These are designed to be sunk to a previously determined depth in the entrances to harbors, and are kept there by anchor weights. They explode by contact with the hulls of ships, and constitute a very effective harbor defense. TWIN DEFENDERS A pair of 14-inch mortars at Diamond Head, Oahu. One of these guns has a record of five hits out of five shots. When at target practice they are heard all over the island. FIELD ARTILLERY IN MANEUVERS IN HAWAII A battery holding back two regiments of infantry in an attack on Diamond 1 as nearly as possible, and the officers learn much about the best methods of Hand. In these war games the actual conditions of warfare are reproduced I attack and defense. Fort Ruger is situated at Diamond Head. SEA WASPS : A NEW N AVAIL FORCE A SWARM OF SEA WASPS T The United States government, recognizing the value of the sea wasp as a means of keeping open the transatlantic lanes and to protect our own coasts against submarine attack, has ordered that sixty fast “chasers” be built at the Brooklyn Navy Yard. Orders for 200 or more are to be placed with those American concerns which can supply them quickest. These boats are to be 110 feet long, will have a speed of 25 to 35 miles an hour and are to be manned by mem- bers of the Naval Militia and the enlisted men’s volunteer reserve corps. The boats are to be paid for out of the $115,000,000 emergency fund appropriated by Congress. England’s first order was for 550 of these ships, at $40,000 each, a total of $22,000,000. The order was turned out in just 500 days, boats being delivered at the rate of three per day, when once work was under way. End to end the 500 boats would reach eight miles, a third of the way across the English Channel. The boats are used for patrol duty in the English Channel and North Sea, often being used with airplanes. When an aviator discovers a U-boat he drops a smoke bomb above it and all the sea-wasps within sight head for the spot. A submarine can submerge in a few minutes; if it has disappeared before the chasers get to it, they sweep the sea for a radius of ten miles around the spot. At the end of an hour they extend their radius to 20 miles and at the first appearance of the submarine the three-inch gun is brought into use* The submarine chasers can stay at sea for ten days without returning for fuel or other supplies* A RACE WITH AN IMAGINARY U-BOAT t,0,tT 2 very boat is tnoroughly tested before it is delivered to make sure that in an emergency its meed will not fall below that of its submarine prey. When every test has been met, the giant «rane, seen in the background of the picture at the right, loads the boats on board ships for transportation to England, where each is equipped with a three-inch gun, mounted on the forward deck. Except for the gun, the boats are entirely complete when shipped. LECKY SPEEDING UP SHIP- BUILDING The unusual nature of submarine warfare called for an unusual remedy and Yankee genius supplied it. Up on the banks of the St. Lawrence River an American concern is manufac- turing — not “building” — sea- wasps or submarine chasers. England asfced for “the biggest boat with the greatest speed that could be built in the shortest time” and the boat that met these demands is now being turned out at the rate of three a day. Each one is 80 feet long, has a 12 foot beam and a draught of four and one-half feet — too shallow to meet mines or tor- pedoes. Each has a 500-horse power engine, storage room for 2100 gallons of fuel, sufficient for a cruise of 700 miles at a speed of 22 miles per hour or 1500 miles at 12 miles per hour. They can turn in their own length. The maximum speed of a submarine is 18 miles, on the surface, using its engines, or 10 miles submerged, using its motors. Each sea-wasp has comfortable quarters for ten men. Every boat in this picture is in the same stage of comple- tion. Standardization of parts and division of labor has sys- tematized the production of these boats, cut the manufactur- ing cost and raised the output to the maximum. WONDERFUL NIGHT PHOTOGRAPH OF THE WYOMING COPYRIGHT E. MULLER, JR. The Wyoming, firing at night, with her five-inch guns, while powerful searchlights play over the surface of the sea. This is one of the most remarkable and most beautiful naval photo- graphs ev< r made. The men clustered about the deck, the flare* of the gun as the smoke and flame pour from its mouth and the shafts of light that stab the darkness, form a wonderful picture. It was made during target practice, but such scenes may be enacted by our gallant ships in deadly earnest if war should come. The navy will surely maintain its heroic traditions GUM GUNNERS SECOND TO NONE THE NEBRASKA AT TARGET PRACTICE COFT RIGHT t. MCLLSR, JR. The crack battleship Nebraska is here shown swinging in to pick up a naval target. These tar- gets are fired at from a range of many miles. For years the Atlantic fleet has been holding target practice in Cuban waters. The actual scores made are kept secret as it is not desirable that other powers should know the exact proficiency of our gunners, but it is generally understood that in rapidity and accuracy of fire American seamen have no superiors in the world. During the bombardment of Vera Cruz, in April, 1914, the accurate shooting done by the two cruisers that participated was the wonder and admiration of the officers of the British, German, French and Spanish war vessels in the harbor, all of whom were interested spectators of this small battle COPYRIOUT E. MULLER. ON OUR SAILORS FALLS TOE FIRST BLOW OF BATTLE ■ ’MM \ .4, % " ir i- 1 ■ >• Sailors on the United States battleship Florida. Above them are two of the big 12-inch rifles that make up the primary batteries of most of our battleships. Some of the newer vessels have 14-inch guns and even heavier ones are projected. When the break with Germa iv came the battleship fleet was basing at Guantanamo, Cuba, where winter practice was being held. It consisted of 12 battleships with tenders, torpedo craft and other auxiliaries, all under command of Admiral Mayo, whose flagship was the Pennsylvania. A DEADLY TORPEDO LEAVING THE TUBE Here is a photograph of a Whitehead torpedo at the instant it leaves the tube This tube is above the water line. Torpedo boat destroyers carry both this kind of tubes and submerged ones. The torpedo, when fired from above the water, submerges itself to a depth determined by the adjustment of its horizontal steering gear, and thereafter runs its course at an even depth be- neath the surface. Our sailors have had considerable torpedo practice and are probably quite as proficient in this important field as those of any other navy. AVITH TIIK CONNING TOWER AND PERISCOPES SHOWING The U. S. submarine D-3 almost under water. From this position the commander can view the sur- face of the sea from the conning tower, which allows a clearer and larger vision than even the periscope ca give. In action submarines usually prefer to fire torpedoes when submerged to the top of the periscope, because they are then much better protected than when nearer the surface. i 1 - * | 1 | 1 . 1 1 h *4 WAITING FOR T1IE COMMAND TO DIVE A submarine is not a comfortable place, and the crew likes to get out on deck when possible. Here, I who is watching for the flagship’s signal. When it comes he will close the water-tight hatch, while however, the boat is expected to submerge at any moment and all hands are below except the lookout | the boat sets her horizontal rudders to carry her below and starts her electric motors ahead. THE NATION’S DEFENDERS AT SEA COPYRIGHT E. MULLER, JR. THE BATTLE FLEET CLEARED FOR ACTION This photograph shows some of the United States battle- ships drawn up in battle-line and cleared for action. The Navy Department became the scene of great activity upon the break with Ger- many. The plans and opera- tions in executive offices and in navy yards were very closely guarded. It was known, however, that re- cruiting was speeded up and that information regarding privately owned vessels, down to gasoline launches, which could be used as naval auxiliaries, was being tabu- lated. No danger of a short- age of men is feared, as the enlistments in January, 1917, were 1,422 greater than in January, 1916. MRS, 0. R. MILLER FIGHTING FORCES IN TWO ELEMENTS This photograph of Lieut. Alfred A. Cunningham flying over the United States bat- tleship Connecticut , shows in one scene two of America’s fighting agencies, one in the air and one on water. The Connecticut was com- pleted in 1906 with her sister ship the Louisiana. The next year the Vermont, Kansas and Minnesota followed and in 1908 the New Hampshire was launched, the last of six 16,000 ton ships of this type. The Connecticut’s speed is 18 knots per hour and her complement is 803 men. Four 12-inch gtins make up her main battery and in addition to her many smaller guns she has four sub- merged torpedo tubes. The flying strength of the United States in 1916 was 522 planes, balloons and dirig- ibles. When the news of the break with Germany became known, one of the first organizations to offer support to the President was the Aero Club of America. They Didn’t Go Home for the Holidays By EDWIN RALPH ESTEP, Staff War Photographer The Wages of Sill — In a temperamental moment, he lost his place at the festive Christmas hoard. Nevertheless, as he served his time in the kitchen, about the only part of the dinner he missed was the board. In the Y. M. C. A. huts the holidays were given a homey atmosphere with trees, song services and distribu- tion of presents. Music and fellowship maintained through the holiday week in which the regular drilling was laid aside and the boys had plenty of time to gather and swap Christ mas cakes and candies. At some places the women from the adjoining towns brought out spreads and registered hospitality. 'THROUGH commanders and adju- * tants the United States explained to the seven hundred and fifty thousand men in camps and cantonments that if they were given Christmas furloughs by regiments, brigades and divisions they would half-nelson all of the railways. The explanation being over, the National Army took a straw vote and decided to holiday in camp, absence without leave being a risky pastime. Their Christmas was far from joyless. The degree of cele- bration varied with the location. Those camps that were close to the district whence the men came were crowded with visitors. Others were quiet and gave most attention to the distribution of presents and the cooking of the big Christmas Day feed. Such a one was Camp McClellan, where the accompanying pictures were taken. Everybody remembered the soldiers. Through the Red Cross, the Y. M. C. A., the Knights of Columbus, and the family folks, the camps were deluged with pres- ents. The motor trucks of the post office depart- ment were as busy as ammunition trains be- fore a battle. The de- lightful part of it was that the givers did not overlook the little things — the gifts were not all practical. Toy puppy dogs and tin automobile 0 , proved that, as a people, we still are blessed with a little imagination and love. Che autocrats of the mess halls had an even Hying start from the quartermaster and then it was a struggle to see ivhich could make the festal board groan the loudest. It was great fun for them to be off the regular ration grub and to have an unham- pered swing at right and left-handed cooking — roast turkey and candied yams and stuffing and creamed peas and mash- ed turnips and, oh, and .everything that should be in a real American Christmas dinner. The Red Cross did not make much of a fuss with ever- greens, holly and poinsettias and was meticulously prudent in hanging up mistletoe, on account of septic microbes, but it played Sen' a Claus like a professional. Not a patient was overlook'd anti the nurses were especi lly lavish with good cheer. Flowers suppl mented the gifus BIX mam IIIUIIliliillllM '—I SAILORS OF THE RESERVE IN CAMP The Naval Militia in camp has a real vacation. Here is a company taking it easy. Of course there is plenty to do beside sitting in the company street, but nevertheless men in the service say the Naval Militia is one of the ideal volunteer organizations. If war comes, these sailors will go far toward supplying a full quota of trained men to our fleet. The Company shown is in camp at the Great Lakes Naval Training Station, at Lake Bluff, 111. There are four similar camps in the countrv, hut others are likely to be established. Most Americans, if they had had an opportunity to take this picture, would have preferred to see the broad plafn completely covered with troops, but such a scene wouli be difficult of enactment under present conditions. However, if the country’s present v ill to have uni- versal military training becomes effective, the pride one feels when looking upon this splendid body of regulars on border duty will be multiplied many times. However border service has given the country soldiers of which we may be proud. WHO TALKED OF A MULE SHORTAGE? coptbi^ht press illustrating service The army mule is one of the few connecting links between the old warfare and the new. truck? It can’t talk back; but a mule is not only receptive to suggestion, but responsive — Automobile trucks may be efficient, but mules have qualities and perquisites that trucks if one is near enough. Here are a few hundreds of Uncle Sam’s baggage smashers mobilized w» T l never replace. What satisfaction, for instance, is there in conversing with a mud-stuck on the Texas border. We hope they will live long and die peacefully. iWEY’S GREAT SCENES FROM STIRRING VICTORIES IN TWO WARS BEST LOVED OF NAVAL HEROES] George Dewey, the only Admiral in the United States Na T .-y, and the best- ioved of all our naval heroes, died at his home in Washington, D. C., on Jan. 16, 1917, in his eightieth year. Although his health had been failing for some time he had been active in his duties at the Navy Department until a few days before his death. DEWEY’S BAPTISM OF FJRE Dewey was attached to Admiral Farragut’s fleet which forced an entrance to the Mississippi River, and on April 24th, 1862, he participated in his first battle, the bombardment of Forts Jackson and St. Philip. The wooden vessels used then were in marked contrast with the armored craft with which he overcame the Spaniards at Manila Bay, but which, also, are now obsolete. THE BATTLE OF MANILA BAY, WHERE DEWEY WON DEATHLESS RENOWN This picture of the battle of Manila Bay is from a painting by Frank H. Schell, made after sketches and descriptions by eye witnesses. The battle was fought May 1st, 1898, Dewey fearlessly leading his fleet into the mined waters of the bay in his flagship, the Olympia. The battle was not long nor bloody, but it resulted in a complete victory for the American fleet and left the admiral (then commodore) with a delicate problem of international politics on hand. He cut the cable as a military measure and handled the situation with such courage and tact as to establish for all time his claim to real greatness. On his return to America in 1899 he was re- ceived with unparalleled ovations. President McKinley presented him with a gold sword and the nation gave him a residence in Washington by popular subscription. His official reception in New York City was the greatest event of the kind ever seen in America. Congress made him an Admiral, which insured his retention on the active list until his death, an honor previously conferred only on Admirals Farragut and Porter. MAGNIFICENT PAGEANT AS Admiral Dewey was given a state funeral on January 20th, after simple services at his late home. The remains were borne through the streets on a gun caisson, escorted by thousands of soldiers and sailors, as well as the entire cadet body of the Naval «cademy. Services were held in the rotunda of the capitol; the photograph shows ADMIRAL IS LAID TO REST the casket being placed on the caisson at their conclusion. President Wilson and all the high officials of the government and almost the entire diplomatic corps partici- pated in what was one of the most impressive funerals ever held in the Nation s canitr!. UBSEA WARFARE SAILORS OF OUR NAVY LEARN THE INS AND OUTS OF MINE-LAYING COPYRIGHT 1 Mine-laying becomes a real science when the work is properly done. Merely setting mines afloat does not endanger an enemy’s ships more than those of the defensive country, and wind and tide may drift the mines out of the lanes which they are set to guard. The .ailors of the United States Navy, by theory and practice, become familiarized with the processes of mine- laying, and are schooled in handling the deadly, machines, in anchoring them securely, in charting their positions and in the other details of this important knowledge. THE TORPEDO WHICH STRIKES A DEATH-BLOW FROM BELOW COPYRIGHT K. MULLER, JR. The camera caught this torpedo just as it was being loaded into the torpedo-tube of one of our destroyers. The sailor in the foreground is just filling the compressed air tanks. Torpedoes of this type- (the Whitehead) have three sections, the explosive head, which carries, usually » 428 pounds of “T. N. T.,” and a large tank of air, under heavy compression, which drives the propelling machinery in the third section, or tail. They are about two feet in diameter and 22 feet long. They have a maximum range of 8,000 yards, which they can travel at a speed of 25 knots. filling the rank and file A VOLUNTEER COMPANY OF BELL BOYS Not far down the Hudson River from West Point, 300 bell boys from New York’s finest hotels are drilling daily on the roof of the Biltmore. Twenty -four floors above the streets, former army officers march the volunteers forward and around and teach them the manual of arms. It is ex- pected that a complete regi- ment can be recruited from New York’s hotel employees and an increasing number are daily joining the company. At present it is necessary to drill the men in squads when they are not on duty but those who arc fostering the movement expect later to have better facilities for training. COPTB1GHT PREPS ILLOBTRATING HERVICS ARMY OFFICERS IN THE MAKING At the United States Military Academy at West Point, the future commissioned officers of the army receive their initial training. The photograph shows a new class of recruits, with their right hands raised, being sworn in. The discipline c*. West Point is even more strict than in the army and the courses of instruction are so rigorous that about one -fourth of those who are appointed by their Congressmen fail to pass the entrance examinations and only a little over a half finally are graduated. The four years of technical instruction and the four summers of army camp life make well -trained officers of those who escape the eliminations of examinations. DISAPPEARING GUNS: AMERICA’S EFFICIENT COAST PROTECTORS PHOTOS COPYRIGHT BROWN AND DAWSON The type of gun used in our coast defense stations is the most modern employed in the protection of any country. The disappearing carriage and the turrets of battleships are the only large mount- ings which afford protection to the gun, its carriage and the firing crew. The two pictures on this page give a striking presentation of one of our 13-inch guns during the processes of loading and firing. In tne upper picture, the firing crew is pushing into the breech the big shell which has just been rolled up on a truck of exactly the right height to bring the shell into position for loading. When the shell is in place and the breech-block locked, the gun is raised above the embankment by motors, fired I and immediately returned to concealment. The loading and aiming can be done while the piece is entirely concealed, and once the gun is trained on its mark only the muzzle appears above the wall and that for just a moment. Large disappearing guns can be fired as rapidly as ten times in 17 minutes. When the gun is fired, the force of the explosion, or recoil throws the gun back, horizontally, until the muzzle has cleared the wall, after which the entire barrel sinks almost straight down and comes to rest in position for reloading. The remarkable picture at the bottom, taken just after the gun had been fired, shows the carriage recoiling and returning to the loading position. COMING TO THE SURFACE AFTER FIRING A TORPEDO The U. S. submarine D-3 during maneuvers in Narragansett Bay, showing the undersea craft just I The torpedoes used in practice are minus the war head, which contains the explosive charge, and after she had sent a torpedo on a trial run. The vapor from the discharge still hangs about her. ] are picked up and returned to the vessel. The performance of each torpedo is carefully recorded Latest type of torpedo, probably very similar in appearance to those used by the German subma- I boat preparatory to being adjusted and replaced in the tube. Torpedoes are self-propelled and have rines with such deadly effect. It has been picked up from the water and is being lowered into the | such finely adjusted steering apparatus that they can be set to run on straight or curved lines. MAKING SOLDIERS at COLLEGE THE FIRST REGIMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS PASSING IN REVIEW At the University of Illinois, at Urbana, 12 army officers, headed b> Maj. R. W. Mearns, are detailed by the War Department to give instruction in the required military courses of the first and second years and in the elective course in Military Art. The largest college brigade in he country, 2,200 cadets, organized in three regiments, each with its own band, is here, as is also the largest college armory, recently completed at a cost of $500,000. As a “land grant college” the university receives part of its support from the Federal Government in return for maintaining a military department ¥ // U - / a vjn I jf/ * v* V % A 1 \wm/ /# ivJW ftf v] V SOLDIERS-IN-THE-MAKING AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY Cornell University, at Ithaca, N. Y., is another of the progressive universities in which military training has become a part of the curriculum. The military department there, created when the university was founded in 1865, now is organized on a regimental basis with two regiments of full strength. Military training is required of freshmen and sophomores. Willard D. Straight, Cornell 1901, a member of the firm of J. P. Morgan and Company, recently presented the university with full field equipment for 600 men. F. S. Marlow, of the class of 1910, the PITCH CAMP AMID THE UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS first man to gain the rank of Colonel a. Cornell, sees in the National situation an opportunity for the men who as undergraduates learned the manual of arms to be of national service. Cornell men believe that a full regiment of alumni could be raised over night in an emergency. Other universities are falling into line. Princeton is among the latest. Nearly 1,000 men have joined the provisional battalion established there. It was also announced that plans were under way for an aviation school at Princeton. MUNITIONS OF MOBEBN WARFA RE by THOMAS F . LOGAN THE FULLY EQUIPPED AMERICAN SOLDIER u^bbo 8 . ENERAL GRANT, in explaining the reasons II "u r for his success in the Civil War, said that he ^ knew little strategy and that the best way to win a battle was to have more men than your adversary, then find the adversary’s weak spot and pile your men against it. There has been relatively little strategy in the European war, but success now depends on munitions, rather than men. There is just the same need for bravery as there was in earlier wars. In fact there is greater need, since the percentage of deaths among those actually en- gaged in battle has been measurably increased. The tremendous successes of the Germans at the beginning of the European war were due largely to the fact that Germany had the greatest supply of ammunition and the greatest number of guns possessed by any nation in the world. In the first year of war Great Britain managed to raise an army of 3,000,000 men; yet the army was useless because there was an insufficient supply of munitions in England. The Russian army was driven back because of the same shortage in guns and ammunition. Now Japan is manufacturing hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of munitions for Russia. Millionaires have been made in Tokio through the manufacture and sale of muni- tions almost in equal number to those made in New York and Wilmington. There are “war brides” in Tokio as well as in New York. Soon after the war began it became evident that the success of any nation would depend largely upon its supply of munitions. It was stated that in the bombardment of the Belgian forts almost as much ammunition was used as during one year of the War between the States. Yet the guns and ammunition used in those early battles are almost insignificant when compared with the enormous quantities of ammunition and the enormous size of the guns used at Verdun. “Every month,” said Lloyd George to the House of Commons in London recently," we are turning out hundreds of guns and howitzers, light, medium and heavy. Our heavy guns are rolling in at a great rate, and we are turning out for a modern war in six months or a year. Today it is easier to train an army of volunteers than it is to prepare the munitions upon which success or failure will depend. The Remington Arms Company, located at Eddy- stone, Delaware, nearly a year and a half ago received from the British Government a contract for two million modern Enfield rifles. The rifles were to cosl $30 apiece. The whole contract amounted to $60,000,000. The Remington Arms Company started to build a factory and plant that now covers sixteen and a half acres at Eddystone. It is the biggest plant under one roof in the world. Yet it is only within recent months that this company has been able to equip itself for the turning out of 2,000 rifles a day. The plant first had to be built, ten or twelve steel com- panies had to be set to manufacturing lathes and other equipment and the country had to be scoured for the black walnut which is used in the stock of the rifle clear to the muzzle. The plant expects to increase its output to 4,000 rifles a day, but even at this tremendous rate it will be impossible to supply 2,000,000 rifles, as called for in the contract, until another year has passed. Yet even then there will only be enough rifles, so far as this contract is con- cerned, to equip half the British army. Of course, Britain is turning out rifles of her own. Owing to the blockade of her ports, Germany has had to prepare all her own munitions. Where Great Britain and France have been able to draw upon the United States, and Russia upon Japan, Germany has had to rely upon her own munition-makers. Germany already had some of the best munition plants in the world and has added many others. All the great battles have been won or lost through munition and gun superiority or in- feriority. All the armies in Europe have shown equal courage and tenacity. The range of the guns, however, is almost incredible, being in some instances twenty-five miles. The shells used can destroy a full company of men. The great battles are being fought largely with artillery and in this branch of military equip- ment the United States is weakest. Brigadier General William Crozier, Chief of Ordnance cf the United Statesarmy,when he appeared before the military affairs committee of the Senate last January, said that this Government either had built or had under construction 225 batteries of four guns each — that is to say, 1,000 guns. The EXCELLENT AMERICAN GUN OF ITS l LASS Front view at forty degrees elevation of a 4.7 inch howitzer with a carriage of the model of 1908. nearly twice as much ammunition in a single week and — what is more — nearly three times as much of heavy shell, as we fired for the great offensive in September, although the ammunition we expended in that battle was the result of many weary weeks’ accumulation.” So complete is the realization of the British Government that success in modern wars depends upon munitions made at home, rather than upon the men who are laying down their lives at the front, that half the metal workers of England have been engaged upon work for the British navy. The task of building new ships and repairing the old ones for the gigantic navy of Great Britain and fitting and equipping such ships occupies the energies of a million men. Hundreds of thousands of men and women hitherto unaccustomed to metal and chemical work have been trained for munition- making. Two million men and women are actually engaged in the manufacture of munitions for the army of five million men at the front. This figure merely includes those who are actually engaged in manufacturing shells and guns. ,There are three million men who are manufacturing other supplies, such as shoes, clothing, saddles and other necessities of the soldiers. No nation can provide itself with sufficient munitions P1IOTOH COl'RTT.H Y OF M AK DKPARTMrKT IIEVVIEST FIELD GUN IN OUR ARMY 6-inch howitzer with a carriage of the model of 1908. It fires a projectile of only 120 pounds, with a range of 7500 yards. The 42-centimeter gun used in the European war fires a projectile of between 1600 and 1800 pounds with a range of twenty miles. heaviest of these is a 6-inch howitzer, which fires a projectile of 120 pounds weight, with a range of about 7,500 yards. He was asked by Senator du Pont of Delaware, who fought in the War between the States, how this heaviest gun in the United States army compared with the 42-centimeter gun of the German army. The power of the projectile, as measured by its weight, was very much less, he said. The 42-centimeter gun, which is the one most used in Europe, fires a projectile weighing between 1600 and 1800 pounds. The United States Government, however, is contemplating a new model of this 6-inch howitzer, newer than in any of the European armies today except perhaps in the Italian army, and it is expected to have a greater range than the 42-centimeter howitzer of which this Government has definite information. The American Government has in hand a sufficient num- ber of guns of large calibre to supply an army of about 200,000 men. The ammunition and guns already in posses- sion of the Government would hardly last through one battle like those at Verdun. The greatest asset of the United States so far as preparedness is concerned is to be found in the numerous munition and gun factories which have grown up to supply the needs of Europe. A USEFUL PIECE OF ARTILLERY Three-inch American gun with a carriage of the model of 1902. It is about the size of the famous French “75”. A GOOD WEAPON IF NOT AMONG THE LARGEST The 4.7 inch gun with a carriage of the model of 1906. It is not designed for attack on trenches or forts. FEEDING UNCLE SAM’S ARMY 9Sftmot COPYRIGHT UNDERWOOD ie UNDERWOOD A WAGON LOAD OF ARMY BREAD Outside the baker’s tent the freshly -baked breatf is piled and from this pile the Mess Ser- geants haul away the bread allotted to theta for the men in their care The bread does not suffer from the harsh treat- ment shown in the picture. His other supplies, beans and coffee (fV and canned goods, the Sergeant \ draws from the Commissary, . The Mess Sergeant is a man of It is he who COPYRIGHT UNDERWOOD St UNDERWOOD UP TO THE ELBOWS IN DOUGH Everything is man size in an army bakery. Bread forms an important part of every meal. This bakery produced daily 2,000 loaves of bread, each of which weighed four pounds when it left the oven. The 44 doughboys,’* speaking in terms of baseball, call their work a double play — mixer to pan to oven and out no mean power makes out each day’s menu, and turns it over to the cook* for execution. TARRAfri ^ COPYRIGHT INTERNATIONAL FILM HOT MEALS ON THE MARCH The new types of traveling kitchens are especially valuable where the men have only temporary camps. In the various compartments of this “slum gun” the men’s meals can be cooked, and can be kept hot for hours. At the first sound of the mess call on the bugle, the men line up, each carrying the two pans and cup which form his mess kit, while his knife and fork are stuck in his puttees COPYRIGHT INTERNATIONAL FILM PREPARING A QUJCK LUNCH Everything for the soldier’s meal must be in convenient shape for quick serving when mess call sounds. Liquids are equably ladled out and bread, sliced and piled, is given to each man as he passes in line. Quick service requires the careful preparation, which these men are performing. In the regular army the cooks are usually enlisted men, sometimes enlisted men de- velop into cooks, and in some cases professional cooks, who know how to feed large groups of men, are hired for the work. COPYRIGHT INTERNATIONAL FILM NEATER THAN IT APPEARS To feed an army on an al- lowance of 29 cents per da> per man, it is necessary U* cook the food in large quag.: tities. Soup, for instance, is, made in pans the size pfa, wash boiler, and when c served, the tub is. j ■■KVjB ' soup is filled with hot soapy water,, into which each man dips hir, dishes, at the end ci the meal. Sand is found useful for scouring and a few jabe, .* ] into the ground cleans a knife and fork well. No, lit'cr of any kino is p& - mitted near the kitchen,. All refuse is burned in incinerators and great care prevents; the accumulation of anything which might breed disease. COPYRIGHT INTERNATIONAL, FILM THIS MIGHT BE A PICNIC. BUT IT ISN’T m perma lent camps and cantonments. Uncle Sam provides mess halls, inclosed and floored, but in temporary camps and on the march the men find their tables and chairs on the ground. Table manners may suffer, but appetites are nowhere better than in the armv. jp - 4 * » . ir" ■ItlMI Vf mmwmw COPYRIGHT PKE8B ia.U8TUATI.NU SERVICE A WATCH-DOG AT OUR GATES There are two kinds of coast- defense guns, mortars or how- itzers, designed to shoot high in the air and drop shells on the decks of approaching ships, and flat trajectory guns, such as this 16-inch gun, on its way to be mounted at the new coast defense base at Rockaway Beach, near New York City. This gun is 49 feet long and weighs 285,000 pounds and is similar to those which guard the Panama Canal. Guns of this type are more accurate than mortars. A 12-inch mortar can pierce the three inches of nickel steel which protect a battleship’s deck and a 12-inch rifle can penetrate the 15 -inch armor belt of a ship. A 14-inch gun of the type shown here weighs 51 tons and has a range of 19,000 yards. It requires 349 pounds of powder to fire the shell which weighs 1660 pounds, costs $800, and carries an explosive charge of 88 pounds. At the United States Naval Magazine at Iona Island, 40 miles up the Hudson River from New York, thousands of great shells and millions of pounds of powder are stored. In the four powder Ailing stations, each isolated from the others, every care is taken to guard against sparks. The miniature railway which covers the 116- acre reservation is driven by compressed a*r. fig ■ i i Wwm \ kiMrM coPYKioirr vi< E mm iu.uhtrati.nu heuvh b THE POWER BEHIND ONE BIO SHELL COPYRIGHT PKKHt ILLUHTRATING RKRTtca AMMUNITION FOR A COAST DEFENDER Smokeless powder used in big guns is in the form of perforated cylinders. It is sewed up in a muslin bag holding 100 pounds and a small igniting charge of quick-burning black powder. The bags are sealed up in copper cases for storage. Four bags go behind a 14-inch shell. This 16-inch shell weighs 2400 pounds, carries a heavy exploding charge, and requires 667 pounds of powder to Are it. It can pierce the thickest armor plate used by the ships of any nation and has a range of nearly 21 miles. The huge shell travels at a speed of 2250 feet per second. mutt H fJAJT’.’limwaMgKl llllllllllllllllHlinillHIl • ' nilllllllllllffllHllliHI MOTORISTS’ PART IN DEFENSE A MILITARY HORNET A two-cylinder motorcycle to which a side car chassis has been attached, carrying a machine-gun and operator. a plan which will make possible, with our present privately owned equipment, the quick concentration of men and supplies at any desired point along our rapidly in- creasing network of good, hard-surfaced highways. But the pleasure car is not the only vehicle of peace which may be turned to the work of war. The army mule of the day is the truck which we see hauling canned goods to our grocers, meat to our butchers, or our trunk to the railroad station. In B ECAUSE the European conflict has been called a gasoline war, it may seem to many that the automobile- mounted battery and the self-propelled fortress are holding the center of the stage. But they are not; gasoline power is used to a far greater extent for the transportation of troops and supplies than for propelling a foundation on which is mounted a high- range rifle or an armored machine-gun. To be sure an army travels on its stomach, but nowadays its stomach travels on four rapidly-moving wheels. It is the motor car of peace, susceptible to the requirements of war, which forms the nucleus of our transportation preparedness. The motor busses of Paris transported the French and Belgian troops by the thousands to the frontier to resist the invasion of Belgium. Had pleasure cars been as plenti- ful in Paris as they are in any one of our largest cities, 200,000 troops could have been moved ioo miles every five hours. The motor cars owned in New York State alone could transport a million men from New York City to the eastern limit of Long Island in three or four hours — provided, of course, some method were found to overcome the difficulties of congestion at the bridges and on the main roads. It is not a lack of equipment, rather it is a lack of the organiza- tion, the experience, the practice which would enable us to mo- bilize these men and machines in the shortest possible time. But with a view to overcoming this defect, it is proposed, previous to maneuvers to be held in summer, to enlist 2000 car owners in New York City who will sig- nify their willingness to loan their machines for a day’s mobilization. With these 2000 machines it is to be determined how quickly 10,000 members of the National Guard, previously assembled in the armories, can be transported to a designated camping ground. This will form the nucleus of by Ilf A HOLD WHITING SLAUSON FITTED FOR ROAD OR RAIL “Traveling the ties” is hard on a motor truck. Flanged wheels, which enable the vehicle to run on the rails, have been used with considerable success. Heretofore these have required the entire removal of the truck wheels and their substitution by those of a special type. In the above truck a special form of flange may be bolted iirectly over the tire on each wheel, thus saving space and weight, as well as hours of time in making the change. NEW YORK’S FIRST ARMORED CAR This is one of several presented to the New York National Guard by public-spirited business men of New York City A special armored car squad was then formed in the National Guard. EVEN BANDITS USE AUTOMOBILES NOW The Mexican bandit chief Fierro used an American-built car to convey him and a portion of his personal supplies over some of the roughest tracks in Mexico. This photograph was taken a few days before Fierro’s death in an encounter with Carranza’s forces. THE PATRIOTIC USE OF A PRIVATE PLEASURE CAR A major of the United States Artillery uses his newly purchased personal car for observing the maneuvers of his battalion. conveyance of the particular sup- plies to be transported. In fact, these trucks were literally “shipped from stock,” and the changes in bodies were made by the soldiers after the vehicles had reached the front. Even the heavy truck with its maximum speed of but ten miles an hour is able to carry its four or five tons of supplies at a rate con- siderably in excess of that aver- aged by the finest cavalry, and students of military history have found it necessary to revise what had come to be looked upon al- most as axioms in the service. Where- as the rate of progress of an army has hitherto been limited by the speed of the pack and supply trains, we now find the modern army mule reaching its destination, not only ahead of the in- fantry, but of the cavalry as well — and if the infantry is to be transported by wheel, the cavalry will become the slowest moving unit of the army. And for the supplies of the modern “flying squadron,” the small, light, high-speed half-ton delivery trucks of the present may be used to good advan- tage. With their pneumatic tires, thousand- pound capacity and speed abilities in excess of 20 miles per hour, they serve their mil- itary uses fully as well as their mightier brothers. And even the owner of a motorcycle may feel that his mount may serve his country in time of need. As mountings for scouts and dispatch bearers motorcycles have already demonstrated their reliability and useful- ness, not only in maneuvers, but in the present Mexican campaign as well. But, if to every tenth motorcycle in this country could be added a side car chassis on which had been mounted a machine-gun and light steel protective shield, similar to the type recently adopted by the Government, we should indeed have a valuable force. their every-day uses of peace these trucks are merely performing the same services which they would be called upon to do to a larger extent in time of war. The trucks which were ordered by the Government at such short notice, and which responded with such wonderful work in the Mexican cam- paign in which they proved their ability to travel over the rocky trails and arid wastes, were none other than stock models of commercial vehicles provided with special types of easily replaceable bodies which made them suitable for the protection and OXJM AMERICAN VOLUI UP-TO-THE-MINU3 The Idaho regiment of volunteers bei entrain for the Mexican border. The of citizens and the movement was exi big changes in the handling of troops creased use of motors. Gasolene has ch K R 0 A Q f> | L INTERESTING COMPARISONS FROM I SIXTH MASSACHUSETTS ENTKAINING FOR THE SOUTH A spirited drawing of this famous regiment at the Jersey City railroad station, from where it left for the front in the War between the States. The varieties of head dress indi- cate a state of preparedness about on a par with later periods. The intensity of feeling developed by the War between the States was lacking in the Spanish war and in the threatened trouble with Mexico. Both these were merely military police work and not serious struggles. It is a sad commentary on our national foresight and efficiency that both found the country unprepared to meet the situation. MOST FAMOUS ROUGH RIDER Colonel Theodore Roosevelt, at Camp Wikoff, Montauk Point, Long Island, after his regiment ot Rough Riders had returned from Cuba. He was, at the time this picture was made, the nominee of the Independents for Gov- ernor of New York and was later nomina- ted by the Republicans. A GLIMPSE OF CAMP BLACK. HEMPSTEAD, X. Y. A GREETING F Part of the New York Guard was mobilized here at the outbreak of the Spanish war. Note the wall tents with extra flies. These have now given way to found marquee tents for camp and the small shelter tents, or “pup” tents as the soldiers call them, for the march. A marquee tent accommodated six or eight men. It is supported by a pole in the center and is easily loosened and drawn up around the pole to allow the ground under it to dry out. New York City’s crack regiment arrivi of much interest and the pretty Texas many of whom are from the best famili< York in day coaches but was tr WILSONS’ , I UNION ?} i'SOUAV E; ilBATALLlON' L 0 EATH . 1 j <, to \ I secessionist' nhs-J RANSPORTATION aken in automobiles to the station to :hines were loaned by a large number d with great promptness. Most of the e 1898 are due in some way to the in- i warfare more than any other material. WILSON’S ZOUAVES AT TAMMANY HALL Colonel William Wilson’s Zouaves were mustered into service at Tammany Hall, New York City, for service in the War between the States, and after being sworn into the army took an unofficial oath to go through Baltimore or die. 'TEEMS IN SLIE’S OF THE BOYS OF ’61, EAGER FOR A BRUSH WITH THE SPANIARDS The Twelfth Regiment of New York Volun- teers in heavy march- ing order at the State Camp at Peekskill, in 1898, ready to entrain for a Southern con- centration camp. They have just been sworn into the national mili- tary service. Like the Guardsmen of 1916 they were all eager to see actual service. The equipment then and to- day was much alike as is shown by a compari- son of this photograph with that of the Sev- enth New York regi- ment in the lower right hand comer of the page. Both differ greatly from the Sixth Massachusetts of 1861, to the extreme left. SWEAK TO GO THROUGH BALTIMORE Baltimore was divided in sentiment and many of its citizens were hostile to the Northern troops that passed through on their way to the defense of Washington; hence the Zouaves* oath. Excitement was at fever heat in North and South. THE SEVENTH COrVRIGHT *M MESS MS * t Camp McAllen, Tex., was the center : smiled sweetly on the boys in khaki, the metropolis. The Seventh left New !ired to Pullman cars en route. FINE SPORT WHEN THE TEMPERATURE IS 115 IN THE SUN The Seventh New York marching from the train to camp at Camp McAllen. The men were carrying their campaign equipment, weighing about 50 pounds, and the day was hot, even for Texas, where the temperature is frequently 115 in the sun and occasionally higher. It was later found necessary to relieve the northern troops from heavy military duties during the heat of the day until they became acclimated. It was freely predicted that the Guard would be kept along the border until fall, and then sent home. Only the most optimistic Guardsmen had any hope left of fighting Mexicans. HAWAII’S GUARD OF MANY NATIONS P" A * 0 CHINESE GUARDSMEN HAVE A COMPANY OF T11E1R OWN The National Guard of Hawaii is sixth in size among all the State organizations, being about equal to that of Illinois. Its members come from many nationalities. Company H, First In- fantry, N. G. H., is made up exclusively of Chinese, the only one of its kind in the service of the United States. It is a good looking company, as the photograph shows, and one of its sergeants, James Ho, stood ?6th out of 700 participants in National Rifle Match at Jacksonville in 1915, an unusual record for a recruit. The company was organized in 1914. THIS COMPANY IS MADE UP EXCLUSIVELY OF NATIVE HAWAIIAN'S Company I, First Infantry, N. G. H., is 140 strong and every man is a native Hawaiian. There ai** 39,000 Hawaiians in the islands, and one out of every thirteen, or 3,000, are in the National Gw.ard. They form about 60 per cent, of the total strength of the Guard. Among the other rationalities in the Guard are British, French, Russians, Portuguese, Filipinos, Japanese and Porto Ricans. Generally these different nationalities serve in the same companies, although there is one company exclusively of Filipinos. If the entire United States had a National Guard as large in proportion to the total population as Hawaii's we would have 8,000,000 organized militiamen. The Guard has been well organized and equipped by the Territorial Government at a minimum expense since most of the armories are furnished by private individuals of corporations. Hawaii has been a part of the United States for only 18 years. WAR ALONG THE MEXICAN BORDER SCENE OF THE TROUBLE Bird’s-eye view of Columbus, N. M., looking from the south, from which direction Villa advanced with 1,500 bandits and attacked the town. C0MRir.nT DDDDRWOOD UNDERWOOD READY FOR ANOTHER BRUSH United States regulars lying prone, in close formation, and pre- pared to resist attack by an enemy in mass. Our troops on the bor- der were as well trained and as well seasoned for active and trying duty as any soldiers in the world. IVr’L FILM AN UNHAPPY HEROINE Mrs. Maud Hawk Wright, an American woman whose husband was killed by Villa’s men at her home in Mexico and who was forced to travel for nine days with Villa’s band. After the attack on Columbus she was set free and she afterward recovered her baby which the Mexicans took from her. STOR Y OF THE COLUMBUS ATROCITY TOLD IN PHOTOGRAPHS MADE FOR LESLIE’S iCLIH WHOLESALE CREMATION OF DEAD BANDITS Burning the bodies of nearly 100 of the invading Mexicans killed by the American soldiers during the fight at Columbus. Twenty-five more bodies of Mexicans were found. WHERE THE MEXICANS APPLIED THE TORCH Ruins of buildings which were set on fire by the Mexican raiders and destroyed. In the fore- I rescued Mrs. Rachel Walker from a burning hotel by tying sheets to her arms and lowering ground it shown Jolly Garner, a customs border rider who, with hte partner Ben Aguirre, |i her from a window. Garner is a brother qf< Congressman Garner of Texas. COPYRIGHT UNDERWOOD A U DEhWOOD AIRMEN MEET A FRIEND Captain B. D. Foulois and Lieutenmt J. E. Carberry, of the army aviation squad, were forced to descend 20 miles from camp by a sudden storm. Their motor was put out of commission, but Pedro Escodede showed his friendliness by hitch- ing up his mules and hauling the aviators t ■> camp The airmen proved of much service in scouting in spite of the fact that their equipment was poor. CvPYBIGHT int’l film mnci REAL AMERICAN SOLDIERS Four of the Apache Indians who enlisted as scouts to trail Villa. They are, from left to right: John Chas-en-day, Chavi Chissay, Chief Yet-sud-ay and Ska-ven-de. In all 20 Apaches enlisted. They were fitted out with army clothes but wore eagle feathers in their hats and brought their own ponies. Two of them helped to trail Chief Geronimo through northern Mexico. Sev- eral of the Indians were over 60 years of age, but they are all keen for the trail They were em- ployed as scouts at Fort Apache. the tryout Sixteenth Infar.try ma- chine gun section testing a gun at their camp in Mexi- co. The failure of machine guns to work during the Columbus raid reflected a doubt on that form of weapon as provided for our army, and the utmost care was then taken to have those with the puni tive expedition in the best of condition. The gun in the picture is of the same type as those used at Col umbus. The troops under General Pershing by April, 1916, numbered 12,000 and the advance guard was 400 miles south of the border. Small detach ments had clashed with Villa followers on two oc casions, but there was no proof that Villa himself was in any of the fighting , which, in both cases, re suited in the rout of the bandits with one life lost on the American side The reports that Villa had been killed or wounded were unreliable. FOR A FIGHT WITH MEXICO OHIO GUARDSMEN HAVE INFORMAL LUNCHEON The Ohio militia were mobilized at Camp Willis, preparatory to leaving for the border. Ohio's Guard averaged high and include" 1 all arms of the service. Several regiments got away for the border among the first 25,000. CENTUAL NEWS BUSY TIMES AT FT. MYEE The District of Columbia Guard mobilized at Ft. Myer and the boys are here shown drawing their rations of tinned food. The food question came to the front promptly. While conditions were better than in 1898, complaint came from various States because the men were often fed on cold rations for several days at a time. BUSY TIMES AT VAN CORTLANDT PARK New York City artillery and cavalry units were mobilized at Van Cortlandt Park, within the city limits, when they started for border points. All organizations were short of horses and were supplied with range stock. Two men were killed and about 40 seriously injured in break- ing these animals. Several regiments went direct from armories to border. SECOND REGIMENT LEAVING PHILADELPHIA Pennsylvania concentrated the Guard at Mt. Gretna. The Second Infantry was given a rousing farewell in Philadelphia when it entrained. Pennsylvania has the second largest Guard organiza- tion in the country, only New York exceeding it. The quality is high, but all regiments were under strength when the call came, and laok of equipment for recruits delayed mobilization. FILLING UP MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENTS Recruits for Company A of the Fifth Massachusetts being sworn in at Camp Whitney. The Massachusetts Guard was the first from New England to be ready to start for the front. At the end of 10 days after the President’s call for the militia less than 20,000 men had entrained for the border. WHILING AWAY THE TIME A little game of craps in the camp of the Thirty-first Michigan Infantry. The men had plenty of spare time on their hands and reading matter was not plentiful. IF VILLA WERE ONLY IN SIGHT! HOW THE GUARDS ON THE PHOTOGRAPHS MADE ESPECIALLY The Eighteenth Pennsylvania Infantry, of Pittsburgh, at skirmish drill. Drilling was done mornings and evenings, so far as possible, as the heat was intense during the middle of the dav. UP-TO-DATE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT Fifth Maryland machine gun company. The light motor cars were used to transport men, guns and ammunition, giving the company great mobility. PUTTING ON THE FIRST SET OF SHOES Rt-ode Island cavalrymen shoeing one of the wild range horses issued to the regiment. Many of the mounts wete hard to break and some of them could be shod only by drastic measures. VERMONT SOLDIERS VOTE IN CAMP Vermont allowed her soldiers on the border to vote in the primaries, their ballots being counted and the returns made just a3 if the men were at home. FOR LESLIE’S BY MRS. C. R. MILLER NEARLY TIME FOR MESS CALL Field kitchen in the Wisconsin machine gun company camp, at work on the evening meal. Soup and vegetables are cooked on top and beef roasted in the oven. PAY DAY DOES COME IN SOME CAMPS A line of First Kansas infantrymen waiting for their pay. Some of the guardsmen waited months (but not in line) for their pay. There was much just criticism of this mismanagement. KENTUCKY’S GENERAL General Roger Williams, who commands the Kentucky troops, has been 35 years in the National Guard, and during that time has had some ex- citing experiences in quelling feuds among the mountaineers. OHIO BOYS AT WORK Hospital corps of the Fourth Ohio Infantry bringing in a man who had been injured while breaking a horse. ANOTHER WAY OF SHOEING VICIOUS ANIMALS The Maryland men in camp at Eagle Pass, Tex., built this contrivance to Keep mules docile while the blacksmith nailed on the shoes. It was less trouble than throwing the animal and was not so likely to injure him. THE ARMY WAiER COOLER Water is placed in a specially made convas bag suspended so that the air circulated freely around it and evaporation kept the water comparatively cool. This one was in use in the camp of an Illinois regiment. PHOTOGRAPHS BY MRS. C. R. MILLER THE CAMP COTTON (TEX.) HAND LAUNDRY The handsome lithographed posters of army life never show this scene. It is one of the little surprises Uncle Sam reserves for recruits. A PARI OF THE MOTORCYCLE CORPS AT FORT BLI^S, TEXAS These motorcyclists probably kept in mind those back home whom they would prefer to inspectors for companions. Doubtless they remembered parks and boulevards where they would rather ride than from one hot camp to another hot camp. But some one had to carry dispatches and inspectors from place to place and do the other hard work. A FINE BUSINESS OPENING FOR A GARAGE At first glance this scene looks like a circus coming to town, but there are no bales of hay, no small boys carry ; ng water for the elephants, and it is no circus. It was a motor truck camp at Fort Sam Houston, Tex. ■ 2 ^ 7 , I N> EVERY MAN HIS OWN VALET -n "The Government certainly made a poor job of sewing on this button. It has come off six times since I sewed it on.” THE FAST MAIL AT SAN ANTONIO It was easier to get the truck out of the mud hole when the Wisconsin boys got out and got under. AN OFFICIAL EX AMIN ATION This soldier’s job was to examine packages which cross the International Bridge at Eagle Pass, Tex., to see that no old lady smuggled bullets to Villa. ARMORED MOTOR CARS AT FORT BLISS These traveling forts which have been of such importance in the fighting in Europe are of steefl and carry machine guns as well as men and ammunition. THE HOSE AND THE INCINERATOR With fire and water the Massachusetts Signal Corps men kept ♦he camp at El Paso, Tex., in such a condition as to evoke favor- able comments on its neatness. DRAWN BY BOARDMAN ROBINSON Copyright. 1917. by Leslie's WELCOME MARINES GOING ON BOARD Transports will probably be leaving United States ports with the regularity of clockwork. However, I reason, the pictures on these two pages must speak for themselves as tar as *‘n ws is concerned, no information regarding time or place of departure will be issued by the Government. For this | Marines with full service equipment are shown going up the gangplank. A LAST-MINUTE RECRUIT Usually there is considerable red tape to unravel before a man gets into the service. Perhaps this isn’t a hurry-up •job after all, but a case where red tape prolonged the re- enlistment of a seasoned soldier. GOOD-BYE The farewells have all been made and the big ship is ready to start on its long journey. The rules and plans of the transport service require a maximum of comfort in a minimum amount of space for each soldier. Nothing is left to chance or an emer- gency. System prevails on a transport as in every other branch of the military service. Particular care is taken to prevent the carrying of stowaways or persons who may attempt to gain admission to the ship as spies or to do damage. ON THEIR WAT The transport shown here is about to leave an American port carrying soldiers, sailors and marines. I porting troops being done that many large bodies have been moved without any of the details having In the crowd on the pier are relatives and friends, many in tears. So quietly is the work of trans- | been learned by the public. SOLDIERS ON THEIR WAY Here are Uncle Sam’s infantrymen in complete marching equip- ment embarking on a ship for parts unknown. While these men will be relieved of regular duty during the voyage, they must follow this routine: Reveille, 6 A. M.; breakfast, 6:30; sick call, 7:15; guard mounting, 8:00; inspection, 10:30; dinner, 1 2 M. ; sick call, 4 :00 P. M. ; inspection, 30 minutes before sunset; supper, 5.00; retreat, sunset; call to quarters, 8:45; taps 9:00. In addition, every man is put through vigorous exercise or drill daily. ONE OF MANY FAREWELLS A point commented upon during the Great War is the courage and smiles with which mothers, wives and sweethearts of the soldiers of the many armies have sent their dear ones to the front. American women are keeping up the record. FRANCE EXCLUSIVE PHOTOGRAPHS FOR “LESLIE’S** PARADING IN PARIS ON JULY 4TH Through streets crowded with enthusiastic civilians and soldiers, a battalion I national airs of the Allies. The demonstration in praise of our men, sur- of American soldiers marched on Independence Day, wnib bands played the | passed anything of the kind in the history of the city. S; r. ’ ■' ^^ r ^-r-rrrj> /'/*/ V' /,l / V43 •fl I fc T k m 1 THE AMERICAN BARRACKS IN FRANCE In long cantonments such as those seen at the left, the regulars and marines of the expeditionary force are quartered. BROTHERS The wounded poilu is extending a wel in-arms. French soldiers have met acknowledgment that the arrival of hope to this war* COPYRIGHT K ADEL 8c HERBERT IN AtfiUd come to his American brother- their new Allies with frank American troops brings new worn people. UNITED STATES REGULARS IN PARIS — - — - - The Stars and Stripes were much in evidence in Paris on July 4th, and the two flags I in the parade, were cheered by crowds who echoed the cry “Vive Les Etats Unis!” seen here, one “Old Glory,” the other the regimental flag of the men who participated | far into the night. France has adopted the American so 1 her and holds him dear- GERMAN PRISON- ERS UNLOADING RAILS The same transports that carried our soldiers to the shores of France also took thousands of tons of rails for the railroads of France. While rolling stock may deteriorate and still do its work after a fashion, the roadbeds must be kept up and the piles of rails seen here will soon be spiked to ties close up to the fighting line. German prisoners on the docks were among those who witnessed the arrival of the transports. THE AMERICAN TO BEAT THE WAY TO BERLIN The marines, who always take great pride in their initiative and in' bemgjdr s g roinT7l7~TTre now enthusiastic over their $00,- 000 subscription to the French War Loan. They are making up for their small numbers in their “esprit/’ MESS TIME FOR THE SOLDIERS OF THE SEAS The American troops in France are probably the best fed of the soldiers of any of the belligerents. Virtually all the supplies are sent from the United States. Thousands of cases of canned goods and sides of beef are required weekly to supply the first division in France. One of the greatest problems in waging war against Germany is that involved in maintaining the open w r aterway to France in order to carry supplies to the army and the allied countries. LINING UP FOR MESS The soldiers of this company fiU the company street, ready to make a run on the “bank” with their tin cups, I battles and active field work in addition to long hikes. The result of all this work is that the mess is well plates, knives and ferks. Troops iu France are pultiug in eight hours a day hard work at trench digging, sham | patronized. Incidentally the mess would arouse the envy of many of us who have remained at home. ARMY m F ANCE REVIEW IN CAMP When the American army went into camp in France the weather had been exceedingly disagreeable and ceremonials had been virtually dispensed with. Rut there was never a let up in the intensive training of the men. Officers and non-commissioned officers received particular instruction in “scientific" work in the trenches and the men were put through sham battles. THE MARINE S OUTFIT The Marine’s outfit does not differ greatly from that of the infantryman's. Without rifle, the com- plete load amounts to about 32 pounds. It is divided into the pack, the belt and articles attached to it, and the haversack. AMERICAN AND FRENCH OFFICERS Major-General Sibert, com- mander of the Ameri- can troops at the front in France, is seen here in the center surrounded by Amer- ican and French officers. He has just finished mak- ing an inspection of the American camp. Botk General Pershing and Gen- eral Sibert have urged the men of the new army to for- get individual Liberties and subordinate themselves la discipline. We do not want automatic soldiers, says General Pershing, but we w 7 ant every soldier to real- ize that he is a potential offi- cer and to make a good com. manding officer he must pre- serve his initiative and executive ability and think for himself- THE AMERICAN CAMP The area of the American camp is constantly being enlarged and now covers several square I adoption of khaki in place of their more distinctive uniform of forest green. This is because miles. The United States Marines are dejected over the order which will necessitate their J the green uniform looks like the German field gray after it has been in service a short time. 1 HE CAMP DINNER IN TIIE GREAT SUMMER PLAYGROUND From the Thousand Islands west and north into Canada stretch thousands of square miles of country reserved by nature for a playground. Too rocky for farming, it abounds in lakes and streams full of fish and is covered with timber that shelters game. Here every variety of life in the open may be found. Elegant summer hotels afford luxuries for those who want them: primitive camps bring joy to those who like to "rough it." For boating, swimming and fishing the Thousand Islands is one of the most favored localities in the world. [ THE ELECTRIC WAT ACROSS THE ' roc: PHOTOS COURTESY C.. M. «c ST. P. RY. m. A PARADISE FOR TOURIoTS A glimpse of the majestic mountain scenery along the line of the world’s greatest electrified railway. The electrification has not yet reached this point, near Kendall’s Peak, Cascade Mountains, in Washington, but some day the electric engine will replace the shrieking locomotive in this beautiful valley. :trt* • THE SOURCE AND APPLICATION Above is a view of the hydroelectric power plant at Great Falls, Mont., which furnishes electricity for the C., M. & St. P. railway in a current of 100,000 volts. To the left the electrically operated Olym- pian, the most luxurious train on the road, approach- ing Eagle Nest Tunnel, Montana Canyon, Mont., with the observation car in the rear. Electric engines obviate the smoke nuisance in tunnels and snow sheds. FIGHTING SNOW IN THE BITTER ROOT MOUNTAINS The heaviest snow fall in 20 years in western regions made the trans- continental railroads much difficulty in keeping their lines open. Huge rotary snow plows, pushed by one or several engines as the occasion might require, threw the snow from the tracks as here illustrated. The crews suffered severely as the temperature was frequently from 10 to 20 below zero for days at a time. The St. Paul road had the hardest fight of all, but managed to operate its transconti- nental trains almost on schedule COPYRIGHT M. P. MOOKK A T. H LAMB PHOTOGRAPH OF THE MYSTERY SHIP Here is a photograph of the mysterious German commerce raider that captured the British liner Appam and sent her into Norfolk under a prize crew. It was taken through a porthole of the Appam on January 16th, by F. S. Oliver, second steward of the ship, and formerly a soldier in the Sixteenth Queens Lancers. He developed the negative on shipboard and made three prints, one of which he gave to each of three persons to increase the chances of the picture getting ashore. He hid the negative in his mattress, and suc- ceeded in smuggling it ashore at Norfolk, where he turned it over to a representative of the British Embassy. Tt will probably enable the Admiralty to identify the raider. The raider is evidently a commercial ship and probably sailed from one of the German ports, though how she managed to slip past the British blockade is unex- plained. It is rumored that she is accompanied by a German cruiser, probably the Roon. Marine insurance rates continue to increase owing to tb presence of these boats in the Atlantic. COLUMBIA RIVER ICE HOLDS STEAMER IN DEADLY GRIP Unusual winter conditions which prevailed on the Columbia rivet when the steamer Tahoma was caught in an ire jam near Cape Horn. Wash , on January 6th. and early in February was still morisoned. and in dang-r of being crushed by the ice Tne captain and crew remained on board. Sometimes the wind was so strong that a man could not walk the deck of the boat As show- ing the weather conditions, it is noted that Mr Stuart, who made this picture, walked across the river on the ice THE UNITED STATES NAVY IS READY FOR AN EMERGENCY AT ANY TIME The scene of activity above gives a glimpse of the preparation that has fitted the Navy for the important part which it is to play in the Great War. In the picture is shown the forward deck of the Missouri during the process of loading ammunition for the 12-inch guns which constitute the main battery of the ship. The Missouri, which is a battleship of the second line, has a com- plement of 800 men. On every kind of vessel likely to be involved in sea engagements the mo3t thorough preparation has been made to bring the great fighting machines up to their highest possible points of efficiency. With magazines filled and expert gunners in the turrets, American [ ships may be depended upon to acquit themselves with honor. SEA FIGHTER READY TO STRIKE ONE OF UNCLE SAM’S BIGGEST This is a deck scene on a dreadnought that is stripping for action in battle maneuvers. All loose material has been removed from the deck and the hatches are being closed. The searchlights have been tilted up so as to render them less likely to be shot away. When a warship goes into battle it is stripped inside and out of everything inflammable that can be spared. It is said that BATTLESHIPS STRIPPED FOR ACTION when word of the declaration of war by Germany reached the British Grand Fleet at sea all spare lurniture was at once thrown overboard and the waves were dotted with pianos. desks, chairs, tables and other luxuries provided by the officers for themselves in time of peace. All had to be sacrificed to reduce the danger of an enemy's shell setting the vessel on fire. TEACHING O CERS TO GUT ISO, THEY ARE NOT RELEASING PIGEONS objects in the air are hand grenades which the candidates for n the army are learning to throw at if they were baseballs. THE BAT ONE! IN T11E TRENCH After the artillery and rifle fire has done its work engagement after engagement must be decided by the “shock,” which is nothing more nor lets than the hand to-hand fighting of opposing lines coming together. The men above are giving the trench dummies a sample of “shock.” PHOTOGRAPHS BY JAMES II. HARE, STAFF WAR PHOTOGRAPHER FOR LESLIE’S OVER THE TOP ON TO THE ENEMY ‘Over the top” usually refers to going over the top of one’s own trench in a charge against the enemy, but the men at the left have crossed “no man’s land ” and are on the point of going into the enemy's trench, bayonet first. The final jump into the trench seen above looks very simple, but bitter resistance is almost certain to be met. In bayonet work, which includes not only the actual fighting but also practice in overcoming all possible obstacles while carrying a rifle with fixed bayonet, the English manual has been adopted. Though the German soldier is an all-round good fighting man, his enemies testify that he does not like cold steel, which has always been the favor- ite weapon of British and American troops. The pictures on this page were taken by M! irtare or, the Officers’ Training Camp at FVSfC Myer, Virginia. GOOD FOR A RUSH JOB The humble chicken wire reduces the “romance” of war when used as a revetment in trench-building. It is not quite so stable and durable as the construction on the right, but serves its purpose and has the advantage of being easy to handle and is principally used in trenches that must be constructed hurriedly. PERMANENCY AND STRENGTH The chief feature of the cement-built trench is durability. It is mostly employed in long sieges. Of course it requires longer to construct than any of the other forms, but once built it needs little care and attention, for it survives ordinary use and the ele- ments, in fact everything but lieavv fire from guns of large calibre. 1917 MODEL TRENCH Under the guidance of vari- ous companies of engineers, the student officers of the United States Army are given a condensed course in the various kind of trench construction, supplemented by intensive training in the use of pick and shovel. These photos were taken at the Officers’ Training Camp at Fort Sheridan, 111. Simi- lar instruction has been given at all officers’ training camps and will be given to the rank and file of our new National Army in the sixteen training camps throughout the country. Here corrugated iron is used as a trench-lining, with the sand-bag loopholes labeled for the benefit of those who are curious as to just how trenches are built. GUARDING AGAINST GRENADE FIRE Wire screens are used to protect trenches in hand-grenade combat The loopholes, through which the firing is done and the enemy sighted, are here built on the “hopper” style. A WOOD-LINED TRENCH Five types of trenches have been found most in use on the battlefields of Europe, some of them of such a per- manent character that one would believe the combat- ants expected to live in them for years to come. Our men will be taught to build the various types which have proved most useful and valuable to our Allies in different phases of warfare. The kind of trench used will depend largely upon the type of fighting that is expected, the lay of the land and the vulnerability of the defense. Here ordinary wood planks have been used for rein- forcement. Wood, perhaps more than any other mate- rial, has been used in the miles and miles of trenches that form the battle-lines of France. 3 AujjL\. AN ARMY CANTONMENT IN THE MAKING “Camp Taylor” at I»uisville, Kentucky. It is named after General Zachary Taylor of Mexican War fame. The 16 National Army can- tonments and the 16 National Guard cantonments are named after prominent officers of past wars. Both Union and Confederate officers are mcluded. The other National Army cantonments are: “Camp Dev- ens,” Ayer, Mass.; “Camp Upton,*’ Yaphank, Long Island; “Camp Dix,” Wrightstown, N. J.; “Camp Meade,’’ Annapolis Junction, Md.; “Camp Lee,’’ Petersburg, Va.; “Camp Jackson,*' Columbia, S. C.; “Camp Gordon,” Atlanta, Ga.; “Camp Sherman,” Chillicothe, Ohio; “Camp Custer,” Battle Creek, Mich.; “Camp Grant,” Rockford, 111.; “Camp Pike,” Little Rock, Ark.; “Camp Dodge,” Des Moines, Iowa; “Camp Funston ” Fort Riley, Kan.; “Camp Travis,” Fort Sam Hous- ton, Texas; “Camp Lewis,” American Lake. Washington. LEARNING MAP-MAKING The boys of the New York state cadet camp have proved most en- thusiastic students of military science, and the officers are loud in their praise of the work accomplished The cadets have been subject to strict discipline and there has been little of the lighter side of war and much of deep study. Every precaution, including inocula- tion against disease, has been taken to protect the boys’ health. . : yj* DUNN NEW YORK S CADET TRAINING CAMP New York state has a training camp for high-school boys at Peekskill, where 1,800 students have been learning military science under National Guard officers. A company is seen here on its way to the mess hall carrying its weapons for the great attack. Teachers and instructors from the public schools formed advanced classes at the camp and in- struction in many branches of the service has been given. The camp commander is Col. William H. Chapin. Recently Governor Whitman tttd Major-General John F. O’Ryan, commander of the National Guard of New York, reviewed the cadets. A KITCHEN ON WHEELS VUe problem of feeding an army is one that demands a perfect organization if it is to be met prop- «|y. Above is a motor kitcheu used by the 29.d Engineers. N. Y. State National Guard. This is ax* adaptation of the “lunch wagon” now in use throughout the country. MAKING LIGHT OF AN UNPLEASANT JOB CLARKh Soldiers crave action and the more unpleasant and humdrum work of camp life i« the cause of endless grumbling, hut these men in camp at. Chattanooga. Tennessee, have the American snirit of eternal oonmism MILLIONS BIB GODSPEED TO NEW IXTifcS [ 1U UT STATE TROOPS MARCHING DOWN FIFTH AVENUE The Twenty-seventh Division of the United States Army, made up of the National Guard of the State of New York, marched in a farewell review through New York City on August 30th. Twenty-five thousand men were in line while 2,000,000 persons wept, cheered and bade farewell to the soldiers. The march extended over a course five miles long. It required four hours for the troops to pass the reviewing stand in front of the public library. One who watched the men as they passed could not help but recognize the earnestness of purpose and the intelligence which showed upon their faces. YORK’S 35,000 GUARDSMEN PHOTOGB A PH8 BY JAMES H. IiAHE STAFF WAB PHOTOGKAPHEB PASSING UNDER WASHINGTON ARCH The great arch at the lower end of Fifth Avenue marked the termination of the parade. THE ARMY MULE PLAYa HIS PA?.T STILL One of the interesting features of the parade was the baggage train. While several motor trucks were in line by far the greater share of the division’s baggage was carried , in the old reliable array wagons, each drawn by four mules. POLICE AIDS ALONG THE LINE AN INCIDENT OF THE DAY The woman in the picture above is running into Fifth Avenue to hand a gift to her son who is seen in the first line reaching out to receive the present. At times the olive drab lines were bombarded with candy, cigarettes, fruit, sandwiches and gifts from those who lined the curbs or watched from roofs and windows. * Often during the five-minute halts made at half hour intervals baskets of gifts were distributed to the men. Flowers too were used to show the city’s appreciation of the State's fighting men and many blocks were thickly strewn with blossoms thrown at officers and men. Rela- tives and close friends of the men were marked by little white tags, three having been given to each guardsman to distribute. The crowd invariably allowed those thus marked to secure the most advan- tageous positions along the line of march. The 4,000 policemen who guarded the line of march were assisted by several volunteer organizations. Prominent among the volunteer workers were Boy Scouts and members of the American Womans League for Self-Defense. GIRLS THEY LEFT BEHIND THEM SOMEWHERE IN CHICAGO * T '" U - A scene the was duplicated many times, with local variations, in Chicago. The mother and sister are saying good-bye at the front gate of the family cottage. Chicago Guardsmen got away promptly and in good shape. The city had an entire regiment of cavalry — the First Illinois — which General Funston wanted on the border because it had a splendid reputation for being well equipped and well drilled. No other city in the country had an entire regiment of cavalry within its borders. New York had the requisite number of troops, but not in one organization. SAN FRANCISCO WOMEN READY FOR DUTY Miss Cora Otis and her company of San Francisco women, known as “the society squad,’* volunteered their services to tne government in case of war in Mexico. They would do relief and Red Cross work. The women were left behind by the Guardsmen of California, but hoped to make real use later of the training they had voluntarily undergone. Miss Otis is at the extreme right of the picture. COPYRIGHT AM. PRESS AnKK UTIo.> HEIGHT OF POPULARITY The soldiers who dropped their work and their prospects to go to the border were repaid by the admiration of their girl friends. COPYRIGHT UNDERWOOD A UNDERWOOD HIS LADY'S FAVOR New York girl pinning a rose on the khaki shirt of her sweetheart, a soldier in the Seventy-first regiment. In Europe when new units leave for the front the women decorate the soldiers liberally with flowers, but Ameri- cans are more restrained in the expression of their sentiments. Mothers, wives and sweethearts walked miles along the streets of New York keeping pace with departing regiments, but there was little weeping and few flowers in evidence. LEFT BEHIND BY THE REGULARS •'“ m Children of army officers sent to Mexico, who were left at Ft. Sam Houston, Texas, near San Antonio. They took part in a Red Cross preparedness demonstration headed by Mrs. Frederick Funston, wife of the general commanding the Department of Texas. It is all in the day's work for a regular officer to be separated from his loved ones for long periods, but he feels the sacrifice just as much as the volunteer. The wives and sweethearts of the regulars have troubled days, for their men are in the places of greatest danger if hostilities should start. A GLIMPSE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA CAMPUS. COPYRIGHT BY R. W. HOLSINGER This historic institution was founded by Thomas Jefferson and has a world wide reputation for its high standards of scholarship and the remarkable beauty of its grounds and buildings. It was organized in 1819, has seventy-five professors and instructors and over seven hundred students. VAN SlCKEL UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA. Founded 1831, has 50 professors and instructors and over 60(1 students. Founded 1848, has 46 professors and 500 students. Founded 1905, has 46 professors and instructors and 190 students. UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI. Columns of old main building which burned in 1892 in foreground. Founded 1839, has 207 professors and instructors and 2,903 students. IMPOSING BUILDINGS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS. Founded in 1883, has 103 professors and instructors and over 3,000 students. UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE, KY. Founded in 1837, has 100 professors and instructors and 900 students. UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA. Founded 1892, has 93 professors and instructors and 700 students. THE HAINES PHOTO. CO. COPYRIGHT BY B. E. GRAB'LL UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS. Founded 1871, has 143 professors and in- structors and 1,540 students. LAN D US RICHES S>~"» i ~ Tj,' JUNEAU. CAPITAL OF ALASKA AND ITS LARGEST CITY On the right will be seen one of the large stamp mills utilizing the enormous deposits of low-grade gold ore, made available only by the investment of millions of capital. This ore carries from $1.50 to $2.00 in gold to a ton of ore and yet is milled at a profit of about 75 cents a ton and at the rate of 10,000 tons a day. GROUP OF PASSENGERS ON THE "ADMIRAL WATSON" Members of the “Round-Trippers Club” enjoying the picturesque and majestic scenery while passing through the famous Wrangell Narrows. KETCHIKAN. A TYPICAL ALASKA CITY This was formerly the center of a large halibut fishing industry, but since the Canadian gov- ernment has offered induce- ments to American fishermen to land their fish at Prince Rupert at the ter- minus of the Grand Trunk Pacific Rail- way, the halibut industry at Ketch- ikan has suffered severely. Ketchi- kan lies at the foot of a mountain. Its principal street is built on piers as the tide runs very high. The city is surrounded by a rich but largely un- developed mining territory. FAMOUS MENDENHALL GLACIER A SHORT DISTANCE FROM JUNEAU ******** com™ This is known as a “dead ” glacier, that is, it is receding instead of advancing. | points to the morain of pulverized rock and stone left by the receding mass of ice It is receding at the rate of 100 to 150 feet every year. The arrow at the right ] extending for miles into the interior. PHOTOS BY JAMES VERRIER A PERILOUS LOOKOUT The captain, stationed aloft on the cross tree, excitedly espies a school of mackerel. NEW YORK FISHING VESSEL PUTTING OUT TO SEA While other ports are more famous for their fishing fleets than is the metropolis, yet it plays no small part in the industry. Mr. Vender had as much excitement sailing from there as he would had he sailed from Gloucester or Marblehead. , ALL HANDS TO THE DORIES On sighting the school, crew and nets are transferred to the seine boats. FOLLOWING THE SCHOOL AND SETTING THE NET In the upper picture the crew is spiritedly racing with the school, the location of which is indi- cated by a flock of gulls overhead. In the lower cut the precarious moment has arrived when the net is dropped in a wide circle and completely surrounds the unwary denizens of the deep. ages? iij »«arWsi COUNTING THE SPOILS Seven hundred and fifty bushels of writhing, wriggling members of the finny tribe stored below decks in bins of cracked ice. Tally is taken of the size of the catch, a bonus being divided among the crew for each bushel over five hundred. TnE LAST TASK The great net is carefully sprinkled with salt to keep it from rotting and is carefully rolled ready for the next trip to the open sea. After the haul is snug below, the net salted, and the deck clear, the run for port is made and the toilsome task is over. TRANSFERRING THE CATCH The schooner and seine boats are lashed together. Then begins the arduous work of dipping the living mass from the dones into the schoonet OUR GREAT EASTERN SUMMER LAM) by KATHLEEN HILLS pense than on a Western tour, where the points of interest are far removed from one another, requir- ing days and nights of journeying before reaching one’s destination. While the newer and well -advertised regions of the West are each year attracting an increasing number, the old-estab- lished resorts that have been known for a century or more, those of the Jersey and New England coasts, the White Moun- tains, the Adirondacks, continue in popularity, E AST is east and West is west, and in our pride e f possession of the Grand Canyon, Yosemite, Yel- lowstone and Rainier, we are prone to forget the equally beautiful, though less renowned places in the East. And if one doubts there are such places, let him look at the pictures, on this page, of places that are annually delighting thousands, for, after all, the East is the nation’s playground. F or every person who can af- ford the time and expense COUKTCey C. A 0. RY. ONE OP TOE EAST’S MOST POPULAR RESORTS Old Point Comfort, Va., with the ram- parts and moat of Fort Monroe in the foreground, Hampton Roads and Hotel Chamberlin in the background. of a trip west there are hundreds who find their summer pleasure this side of the Mississippi. This is not only because there are here as beautiful spots as there are in the est, but there is also the added attraction of accessibility without the expense and time required for a longer journey. One great advantage of vaca- tioning in the East is that in the course of a two weeks’ trip one can see and learn more and visit a greater number of places at less ex- COORTERY HEW YORK CENTRAL E. R. RUSTIC CHARM IN THIS VACATION A simple Adirondack camp that has given several summers’ enjoyment and healthful recreation to a family of city dwellers THE GO I RMET'S DELIGHT * Six-pounder caught in Penobscot Bay, Me. Most of the annual yield of lobsters on the Atlantic Coast comes from Maine. IN THE WHITE MOUNTAIN COUNTRY Mt. Moosilauke and Warren, N. H., in the world-famous New Hampshire group of the Appalachian Mountains — as picturesque a portion of the country as one would wish to find. THE CANOEIST’S PARADISE On theKennebunk River .Me. The entire State with its hundreds of lakes and rivers offers the ideal vacation for the lover of the paddle and canoe. A SCENE OP MEMORABLE EVENTS IN THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES Beautify Harpers Ferry, W. Va., at the confluence of the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers. The whole region round about Harpers Ferry is reminiscent of the thrilling days of 1861 to 1864, and a vacation if! this land is educational as well as enjoyable. A “Balsa 0 of Corkwood. Used by the Bolivian Expedition in passing down the Mapiri River, Bolivia. A novel means of conveyance through a wild and primi- tive country. A Singhalese “Catamaran.” Fishermen guiding a native boat through the surf at Wellawatta, Ceylon. That they are expert in sail »og this picturesque craft the picture shows. A Siberian “Baydara.” This primitive boat is seen in process of construction bv men who hold to ancient habit, the Gukaghirs, on the < ia-snchna River in Not th western Sibeiia. a bleak country The Savages of Japan. These aborigines, called the Ainus, are here seen in their queer dugout canoes. They are a fierce and hardy people who cling to the ancient customs of their kind. A or “Junks.” A gathering o' these characteristic Chinese craft in ^oo-Chow Creek, just beyond the European section of Shanghai. Natives in seething filth eat, work, sleep, raise families and die on these vessels, many never stepping ashore. The “Vinta” of the Moros. These spry little vessels n i\ igate the Sulu seas. and their occupants run about American men-of-war to observe, and if possible to steal. One will dive for a penny, a tin can or a bit of clothing. A Chinese Junk. A Water Device in India. The Venetian “Gondola.” This typical Chinese craft, perhaps the most ancient of navigating vessels, is passing Woosung. Many are operated by pirates, or are pressed into casual service by the Chinese Navy. Natives are here seen crossing the Beas, below Bajoura, with the aid of inflated bullocks’ skins. Such navigation requires skill, but theie is no danger of sinking while the skins are taut. Here is,the boat that traverses the canals of Venice, famous in song and story. I.i this picture a Doge’s palace is seen from the lagoon, with gondolas at its front and a single one in the foreground. Fitch’s Steamboat. A model of the vessel that sailed the Delaware River between Phila- delphia and Bordentown. N. J., before Robert Fulton built a boat. It is at the New York Historical Society Building. New York. The “Clermont. 0 The “Half Moon.” This is the replica of the famous early steamboat which attracted attention in the marine parade in New Y'ork waters during the Hudson-Fulton celebration in September. 1910. The craft of 80 tons burden in which Henry Hudson sailed with only about twenty men on his voyage of discovery, and in which h<* explored the river that now bears his name I ONE OF UNCLE SAM’S SPLENDID SUBMARINES AT SEA cottright m l mi'llxk. itu The United States could do a little submarining on its own account if involved in a naval war, though it is certain that its torpedoes would not be directed at peaceful merchant vessels without regard to the fate of their passengers and crews. The United States has completed, or building, 77 submarines. The G-class, shown above, is representative of the more modern and serviceable ones. The submarines are widely scattered, some being in Philippine waters, some at Honolulu, others on the Pacific Coast stations, while several guard the Panama Canal. Many of those along the Atlantic Coast are of the older types, useful only for harbor defense. A resolution was recently offered in Congress authorizing 100 more submarines. KAUK-JSH W DIE0O97 % ACC*6Y<”. V" ALEXANDER ALASKA’S SUPERB ROOT CROPS «'nt*rD ¥ iii' , »' p*ci 10 AN ODD MONUMENT A L A W D BOUNDART LINE NEAR WHITE PASS The stake between the two flaps indicates the line dividing British U olumbia from the United States ALEXANDER FRESH SALMON UNLOADED AT FORT GRAHAM, ALASKA The fish, fresh from salmon traps, are dumped upon the canning floor and in a few hours are cleaned, packed, and ready for shipment. FARM NEAR COOK’S INLET. ALASKA Showing how he rich and fertile lands of the valleys can be cultivated successfully r 'k ^ The largest and finest potatoes, beets, turnips, cabbages and lettuce are produced on the valley farms. HERD OF CATTLE AT KODIAK. ALASKA This picture was taken at the United States Agricultural Station which is breeding cattle peculiarly adapted to the needs of Alaska. Totem pole erected is memory of an Alaskan Indian. WHERE THE COPPER RIVER JOINS THE SEA This beautiful stream drains a valley of fabulous riches. Not only are copper and coal found in abundance but the agricultural possibilities are great. Along the coast this part of Alaska has a winter climate as mild as Washing- ton or Baltimore; in the interior the winters are not more severe than those of Finland or Scandinavia. The scenery along the Copper River is magnifi- cent, snow-capped mountains being within sight at every turn. PRINCIPAL BUSINESS STREET OF THRIVING CORDOVA Cordova is destined to be one of the important cities of the Alaska of the future, when the re- I residents have a foundation in solid fact. With a square deal from the United States Government sources of this great territory are more fully developed. It is handsomely laid out with streets Alaska is certain to be a rich and prosperous commonwealth within a few years and will be 70 feet wide and the beautiful mountains make it scenically impressive. The expectations of the | capable of supporting a vast population of American citizens. WONDERS OF THE NORTHWEST K r: ,' 5 - TURNING A DESERT INTO A GARDEN What irrigation has done for the famous Valley of the Wenatchee, State of Washington. The finest orchards and vineyards and the most luxurious crops are grown wherever water touches the desert. Fruit lands have had an extraordinary rise and the fruits of the Wenatchee Valley are famous the world over for their size, richness and flavor. The valley is half way between Seattle and Spokane. •OUKTEBV PA !FI Co.flr TEAMFHIP COMPANY EXCURSION STEAMER •‘SPOKANE" IN GLACIER BAT This bay is filled with floating ice which breaks ofi from the glaciers and rapidly melts in the warm summer sun. Alaska tourists are surprised to find on one side of the vessel great ice glaciers and on the other fertile fields of green and heavily wooded timber lands. COPYRIGHT 1912 BY KIR1R ' HOTO CO. FOR GREAT NORTHER* RAILWAY MAGNIFICENT VIEW IN GLACIER PARK One of the chalets on “Going to the Sun” Camp on St. Mary’s Lake. BALMY CLIMES FOR T ^ ***** FROM COLB, RAIN, SNOW AND ICE PRIDE OP TEXAS The Alamo, historic cradle of Texas liberty, to which annually winter travelers numbering thousands make their pilgrimage. This quaint old mission fortress faces Alamo Plaza in the heart of San An- tonio’s busy business sec- tion. A SACI FAR-j Sacred 1 gateway h : storic at Nara. Japan al' delight o tie animi frequentl vw^//////////////////////////////////////////'//^^^ '/■ ^ Janet a. cumminu, A / '"6 MIDWINTER BATHING IN THE PENINSULA STATE J? y Midwinter surf-bathing is as enjoyable at Miami and Palm Beach as any Jw oihsr attraction that lures thousands to the Florida East Coast resorts. IX SUNNY JAMAICA Picturesque scenes greet one on every hand through- out the Isles of the Carib- bean. Perhaps none of the West Indian Islands offers greater charm and variety of scenery than Jamaica. K%r\ A WOULD YO A Cl Every colonial city historic cemetery visitors. The per tropic beauty of S tery attracts mar coast city that bl THE GREATEST JOY FESTIVAL ON EARTH Since the war abroad closed the Nice Carnival of sport and fun. New Orleans has held a place unique among the cities of the world. Here every winter come thousands of visitors to partake in the festivities connected with the world-famous Mardi Gras. IE WINTER TRAVELER %%% r 1 1 TO SUNSHINE, WARMTH AND FLOWERS L. H. HIKTLA.M' LOCAL COLOR IN BERMUDA A typical scene that greets the traveler to Britain s tiny archipelago off the Carolina coast. Bermuda mingles picturesque prim- itiveness with modern civ- ilization, and perpetual spring clothes the fields and trees with verdure. i SCENE IN nr japan : in front of in ancient and idhist temple ‘he traveler in s revels in the tting the gen- hat are found lear old tem- les. MARCH IN GLORIOUS CALIFORNIA riossom time in Central California, near Saratoga, where the annual blossom * festival is held in March. The Pacific Coast is noted for its flower carnivals, ^ among the best-known being those of Pasadena and Portland. VSI ERWOOD & UN HER WOOD IN THE LAND OF THE SKY Chimney Rock, in the Blue Ridge Mountains of West- ern North Carolina, one of the highest points east of the Rockies. Throughout the Land of the Sky the winter sojourner can enjoy immunity from the rigors of a northern winter. CHINK IT WAS ;tery ? >rth and south, has its : attracts its quota of quietude and semi- nnah’s Colonial Ceme- vho visit this lovely 9 the ancient and the FLORIDA WEST COAST’S PRINCIPAL Rf SORT municipally - owned hotel is proving that government - owned properties can be made to pay. Lafayette Street bridge across Hillsborough River, Tampa, Fla., with the Tampa Bay Hotel in the background. This successful THE LAST STRONGHOLD OF THE HARDY AMERICAN PIONEER A POND OP ASHES AT KODIAK, ALASKA The white spot in the foreground was formerly a skating rink. It is now filled four feet deep with ashes from the eruption of Mt. Katmai. WHAT UNCLE SAM’S NEGLIGENCE IN ALASKA COST c. b. «.ko. Steamship Bertha ran aground July 1915 at Uyak on a sand bar. If the government had marked the bar with a buoy or any kind of aid to navigation the vessel would not have been lost. TAlMAi GB COnoTKB rescued SEAMEN Crew of the burned steamer Bertha be- ing taken aboard the steamship Ad- miral Watson at Uyak Bay, Kodiak Island, after the destruction of the Bertha by fire caused by sponta- neous combustion of lime when the boat sprung a leak after running on a sand bar. WAITING POE THE MAIL At the new town site of Anchorage on Cook’s Inlet, Alaska, several thousand settlers gathered awaiting the sale of the town site by the Federal Government. The mail facilities were so inadequate that some persons wait- ed at the post office twenty-four hours to get letters. . * trv :■*. jj f t a "v-j ' V, Wk mt-'sT KLa SELLING LOTS AT AUCTION IN THE NEW ALASKA CITY OF ANCHORAGE Agent Christensen of the Land Department at Washington selling I nearly $150,000. Anchorage is the terminal point from which the lots at the rate of 1 M a minute on the government site and taking in / | government railroad is being built into the Matanuska coal fields. A TRAVELER'S HOLIDAY TRIP BY Dm. W. E. A UGH IN BAUGH THE SPA OF THE ROCKIES Manitou, Colo., nestles at the foot of Pike’s Peak, the snow-capped summit of which is shown in the distance. It is famous for its hot springs. EAGLE NEST ROCK A prominent feature of Yellowstone National Park. F OR 20 years I have been traveling in Europe, Asia Africa, Latin - America, the West Indies, the East In- dies, the Maritime Provinces, Northwestern Canada and even away up into the Frozen North, where I once spent two years. I have 9een practically all the big mountain ranges of the world with their highest peaks, snow covered and cloud draped. I have been up most of the large rivers from their mouths to where navigation stopped. I have crossed Lake Titicaca, the highest body of navigable water in the world. I have sailed all the seas. I know the principal cities of all countries. I have traveled by camel, by drome- dary, by elephant, in coolie-carried lit- ters, by mule, on horseback, afoot, with pack trains, in dugouts, on rafts sup- ported by inflated goat skins, by train REAL AMERICAN Blackfoot Indian of Glacier National Park. I am frequently asked by friends where to travel on pleasure, and I always say “See America first.” If I had a month’s leisure and a few hundred dollars to spend in traveling for pleasure I would turn to the great West. Starting from New York I would pass through Buffalo, and stop off long enough to see Niagara Falls, and thence to Chicago and through Milwaukee and on to the Twin Cities spending a fev. days in the lake region of Wisconsin and Minnesota, where I would find fishing, canoeing and sailing on some of the most beautiful inland waters of the world. I could have my choice of large lakes or small ones, of trout streams that I could almost jump across or of noble rivers. My eyes would constantly be delighted by rolling hills, or broad plains and by all the wonders of our own America. 81IIP1.ER TEMPLE SQUARE. SALT LAKE CITY Many travelers pronounce Salt Lake City the most beautiful city in the United States. The Mormon temple is at the right of the picture and the tabernacle at the left. HARNESSING ELECTRICITY TO THE RAILROAD The St. Paul has just completed the electrifying, at a cost of $12,000,000, of 440 miles of track over the heaviest grade of the Continental Divide. One hundred and fifteen miles, from Three Forks to Deer Lodge, are now in operation. The power is obtained from the Montana Power Com- pany, at Great Falls, Mont., delivering a combined direct current of 3,000 volts, the highest voltage used in railroad work. In ordinary street railway operation only 550 volts are used. The electric locomotives weigh 284 tons and cost $212,000. They will haul a 3,200-ton load up a one per cent, grade at 16 miles an hour. and by ship. I have slept in the open with the stars for a coverlet, in the desert, in hovels, in igloos, in tepees, in hotels of all kinds, and even in palaces. I have crossed the equator 36 times and been around the world four times. And, on the side, I have been in every State of the United States. In all I am certain that I have traveled much over 200,000 miles. BEAUTIFUL LAKE REGION OF MINNESOTA Minnesota has more than 10,000 lakes that have been platted and named by the state survey. Together with Wisconsin it forms one of the most delightful of summer playgrounds. THE GLACIERS OF ALASKA ARE THE MOST WONDERFUL IN THE WORLD Few people realize that some of the most magnificent scenery in the world is to be found in the far north possession of the United States, Alaska is growing in popularity with tourists, but not half as fast as its wonders would justify. MAKING TRAVEL LUXURIOUS by JAMES ADAMSON tif L |r ir jn ijj 1 BBu M I35§> . jj*. It “M IeW' jlfri 'll Bl I F you are in Boston, and pleasure or business require that you must leave for Los Angeles, you naturally expect to be transported with- out changing cars, except perhaps at Chicago, quite regardless of the number of railroads over which the Pullman in which you have made res- ervation is carried. That you expect to enjoy the comforts of a modern hotel including well- served meals, electric lights, heat in winter, electric fans in summer, hot and cold water, plenty of towels and immaculate linen as well as the service of well-trained employees, goes with- out saying, A barber shop, manicure, baseball ticker service, stenographer, valet, and the daily newspapers and magazines are further luxuries provided on the fastest trains. Back in the early fifties a young man was travelling in a sleeping car between Buffalo and Westfield. The car was a mere box car with a triple tier of wooden bunks built into the sides. Practical only for night travel, rude, unventi- lated, unsanitary, inconvenient and uncomforta- ble, the car impressed the young cabinet maker and contractor as the apotheosis of barbaric discomfort, and into his active brain came the conception of a car based on entirely different lines of construction, a car that would be com- fortable and commodious, a car in which travel would be made pleasurable. George M. Pullman was the passenger, and a few years later, in 1857, two old Chicago and Alton Railroad coaches were fitted with sleeping car features of his own design. The work was done at the Alton shops at Bloomington, 111 ., and in 1857 the first Pullman was run from Bloomington to Chicago over the Chicago and Alton Railroad. ! The next few years were devoted to costly experiments. A workshop was rented, skilled mechanics employed and the inventor evolved the elements, by sheer ingenuity, on which the modern Pullman is based. Following the two remodelled Alton coaches was born in 1863 the first real Pullman. In a shed on the site of the present Union Station in Chicago a car was constructed in which for the first time the space above the windows was utilized for the storage of bedding and fur- niture by what is known as the “Pullman upper berth” construction. This car was named the Pioneer and true to its title marked a far outpost in the development of railroad travel. Due to the fact that the Pioneer type of sleep- ing car represented an outlay of practically $20,000, while the cost of sleeping cars furnished by the individual railroads rarely exceeded $4,000, it was necessary to charge a slightly in- creased price for a berth. In the $4,000 cars $1.50 was the price on certain runs; for a Pull- man berth on the same run $2 was asked. Un- decided if the public would care to pay for the increased safety, comfort, cleanliness and con- venience, cars of both types were operated on the same trains. The decision was instantaneous and the only grumblers were those who could not get accommoda- tions on the Pullman cars. One of the curious exhibits in the Pullman offices is the menu of the first dining cars (then oper- ated by the Pullman Co., instead of the railroads, as at present) showing that the “high cost of living” was higher in those early days than now. For instance, eggs boiled or in any form were 40 cents, raw oysters 50 cents, coffee or tea 15 cents, and a half a spring chicken 75 cents. Another is the first instructions to Pull- man car employees, especially insisting that passengers remove their boots or shoes on re- tiring, that smoking in the car be confined to the rear end of cars, that the coal fires for heating the car be shaken or coaled only while the car was in motion, etc. In the years that followed Pullman plunged himself with all the intensity of his nature into the perfecting of the construction of his cars and the development and improvement of the ser- vice. The dining car occurred to him as but a logical development of railway travel and was promptly designed and operated along with the sleeping cars. The drawing room car followed, but ranking with the development ot the sleep- ing car itself was his invention of the vestibule — a feature of construction which placed the entire train under a single roof, permitted the passenger to pass freely and regardless of wind or rain from the diner to the sleeper, to walk through tne en- tire length of the moving train. By this inven- tion the dangers resulting irom collision were greatly reduced. When the first great railroad was opened to tne Pacific, the most magnificent train ever up to that time constructed was built in the Pull- man shops and put upon the rails. That it was pos- sible to travel continuously for six days without change of car and with all the comforts of a luxurious hotel ranked in wonder the construction of the road itself and the country through which it passed. Tourist travel — travel for pleasure — literally began with the develop- ment of the Pullman car. By the development of his service and operation of his cars over various railroads Mr. Pullman succeeded in af- fording the public a convenience and economy hardly real- ized. Specializing in sleeping and parlor cars, and finally turning over tne operation of the dining cars entirely to the individual railroads, he succeeded in consistently maintaining the highest type of car known to the world. By constant experiment no feature that might add com- fort or ease was neglected; no expense was spared, no effort neglected. By operating a sleeping cai and parlor car service over all railroads it became possible not only to operate better cars than the individual roads can afford, but it became possi- ble for a traveller to make an uninterrupted jour- ney without changing at any time of day or night from the cars of one road to the cars of another. Today the Pullman Company operates ap- proximately 5,000 sleeping cars and parlor cars throughout the country. Nineteen thousand em- ployees provide the service that for 50 years has been developed. In its own shops in the town of Pullman, 111 ., where approximately 7,000 work- men are employed, are constructed the cars nec- essary for the service. The steel car was not in- vented by the Pullman Company, but when six- years ago it was brought to the attention of the Board ol Standards by President John S. Runnells, and recommended by him, as the car of the future, its merits were in- stantly recognized, and since that day the Pullman Company has not constructed for its service a single wooden sleeping or parlor car. Many of the Pullman employees have spent a lifetime in the contin- uous employ of the Company. There are porters and conductors in number who can count 25 years in the service. Annual pay bonuses fora clean rec- ord, pensions and other means for the development of co-operation and understanding between employer and employee have been adopted. THE LATEST TYPE OF PULLMAN CAR IS ALL STEEL CONSTRUCTION It is shown in the upper picture. The length is 82 feet 3 inches, and it has every luxurious accommodation that can be provided, as is shown by the lower picture, which is of an interior in the new type of sleeping car. T1IE OLD-STYLE PULLMAN WAS NEITHER PRETTY NOR COMFORTABLE The exterior of the car is shown in the lower picture. It was 51 feet 9 inches long and built of wood. The interior construction is shown in the upper of the two pictures. This style of car did not provide convenient storage space for bedding, but it did have a large box (lower left of picture) for the fire wood with which it was heated. PARADE DEMONSTRATION IN NEW YORK BREAKS AJLIL RECORDS 150,000 ENTHUSIASTIC MARCHERS DECLARE FOR PREPAREDNESS New York was ablaze with A merican flags on May 13, 1916, as a procession of 150,000, including 20,000 women and 10,000 Na- tional Guardsmen, marched from early morning until night past a reviewing stand at Madison Square, in a preparedness parade. There were 200 mili- tary bands from New York, New Jersey, Connecticut and Penn- sylvania and 50 fife and drum corps. 12,000 per hour passed the stand in files of 20 each, the Na- tional Guard bring- ing up the rear in two sections of 5,000 each. There was no display of banners allowed, other than the Ameri- can and municipal flags and small division marking banners. Twenty Supreme Court judges, all the city officials, and the Naval Consulting Board, headed by Thomas A. Edison, marched, while bank- ers, insurance men, real estate men, dry goods men, export- e r s , shipping men, actors and all the trades and professions were represented. The procession was viewed by a million enthusi- astic spectators. This photo was taken just after the parade passed the Leslie-Judge Com- pany’s building on Fifth Avenue. Coovright 1910 y Leslie- Judge Co.. N. Vf. BOTH ARMS OF THE SERVICE SIGNALING THE DRIVER BUILDING THE WORLD’S LARGEST TELESCOPE The Carnegie Observa- tory atop Mount Wil son in California, which now mounts 100-inch telescope, had to be con- structed by the aid of motor trucks. Single girders weighing 13 tons were carried up the 6,000-foot ascent over a distance of nine miles. The grades vary from 12 to 20 per cent, and at times on the steepest grades men were required at the front end of the girder to hold the four wheels of the truck on the road and to prevent the rear end from dragging on the ground. The projection of the girder at the front enabled the driver to see only his own side of the road. Portion of the road were so nar- row between the rising cliff at one side and the 2,000-foot descent at the other that a man was placed astride the girder to “wig-wag” the driver and indicate the clearance between the truck and the cliff on the obstructed side. Although the road sur- face is hard and com- paratively smooth, the tremendous weight on each wheel caused the tires to sink to a depth of several inches in the crushed stone and gravel surface. THE SERPENTINE LOADWAY Tbe truck with its load is shown at the right of the picture. Five different portions of the road are seen in this view. Some of the turns are so sharp that, owing to the length of the load, the truck was forced to “back and fill” on some of the steepest grades. In many instances, a skid or a slip of three feet would have meant a tumble down the side of the mountain. Pasadena lies in the valley at the left of the photograph. LOOKING DOWN ON SOME OF THE GRADES THE BEGINNING OF THE ASCENT Although the total ascent was 6,000 feet in nine miles of winding road- way, this 6H-ton truck hauled its 13- ton load without the assistance ot any of the following or preceding trucks which were sent along for use in case of emergency. There is no railway on Mount Wilson capable of carrying these loads. Therefore, it is only by means of the motor truck that this world’s largest telescope has been made possible. The grinding of the 100-inch lens for the telescope required five years. The observatory is used entirely for the study of the sun. MARKING THE LINCOLN HIGHWAY ■ This pioneer transcontinental highway is being thoroughly marked with its distinctive signs- throughout its entire length. Soon motorists will be enabled to travel from coast to coast without the aid of guide books. A SIGN WHICH NO DRIVER CAN MISTAKE Plain markings of unexp.cted traffic requirements are necessaiy and will be followed by the average motorist. Officers io enforce such requirements should not be needed if the signs are prominently posted. NO SPEED LAWS ARE NECESSARY HERE The sharp turns and winding roads which have been substituted for steep grades make high speed dangerous , but the average motorist is glad to travel at a moderate rate in return for the saving in wear and tear on his motor through the elimination of the steep hills. Most persons believe that the trap and the “appletree” court relics of rural motoring which may be relegated to the past, to- gether with kerosene head lights and single-cylinder motors. But not so. The in- creasing number of motorists who use country and suburban roads and who unwit- tingly are violators of one or all of the many absurd regula- tions imposed by city, town or county author- ities, offers too tempt- ing a lure to the Con- stable and Justice of the Peace. It matters not that the former may be in “brass buttons” and mounted on a motorcycle, or that the latter may be garbed with the title of Magistrate, the tendenev for these minions of the law speed are m to look upon all motorists as willful vio- lators of petty regulation is the same as in the day r s of the flashing star and wisp of straw serving as a judical wand as depicted in the car- toons of a decade ago. And, some instances time has not changed the status of these collectors of fines, for in many states it has been dis- covered that the rural Justice of the Peace is exceeding his authority in exacting penalties and collect- ing the money himself instead of holding the offender for a higher court. In several in- stances the charge has been made that the Justice and the arresting officer look upon the fines as personal spoils to be divided equally" between them, certain restrictive laws regarding speed. ‘ ROAD PASSABLE BUT DANGEROUS— PROCEED AT YOUR OWN RISK" The thoughtful road authorities aim never to close a road entirely. By resurfacing one-half of it while the remaining half is kept open, traffic need not be deflected around an extensive detour. Warnings should be given of the road’s condition, however. BRINGING ORDER OUT OF CHAOS The proper treatment of a badly worn gravel road will make of it a boulevard of which the pioneer motorists of a decade or so ago might well be proud. This photograph shows the same section of road as that illustrated on the left, after repairs have been completed. ONE TOWN'S WELCOME TO MOTORISTS This enterprising community has erected a free camp house for tourists, where they may find shelter for the night and space for parking their cars. Many motorists plan their trips to include this town which so cheerfully furnishes wayside accommodations. A RELIC OF A BYGONE AGE Old wooden bridges are rapidly ( and in this case, literally), giving way to the more modern concrete type. Township authorities generally mark certain bridges as unsafe, but in this instance the car owner made the discovery first — to his sorrow. the use of bright headlights, the smoke and muffler cutout nuisances, and traffic rules are necessary, but it is assuredly not incumbent upon adjoining districts or munic- ipalities to enact laws at such a variance with each other that a motorist who is permitted the safe and sane speed of 25 or 30 miles an hour in the open roads of one town- ship, should be ar- rested for exceeding 12 miles an hour in an equally sparsely settled section of an adjoining town. Associations of motor car owners and touring so- cieties have long been issuing maps on which the various good and bad roads are to be found; naturally, the motorist followed those highways indicated as being in good con- dition, even though a longer route was required. These same organizations are also noting on their touring maps the presence of speed traps or the unfair en- .4 RIVER BANK AS A HIGHWAY Many of our rivers and their valleys form the most beauti- ful touring routes in the country. Highways especially for motor cars have been built along their banks, and such sec- tions are visited annually by thousands of touring parties. forcement of absurd ordinances. This in- formation as contained on the road maps is supplemented by a bulletin and it is not long before intoler- able conditions either of road or law enforcement reach the ears of practically every tourist in the vi- cinity. This means that if such conditions con- tinue, the township which treats the mo- torist with scantiest courtesy will be avoided as surely as though its roads were marked as in an im- passable condition. No motorist will spend his money willingly in a com- munity in which he knows it will be taken from him by force. Many of these absurd ordi- nances and much of the arbitrary enforcement of even the fair laws are due to political influences or the presence on the Board of Aldermen, or Supervisors, of ignorant men not conversant with the for- mation of laws which might help the city. BEFORE AND AFTER— THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NEGLECT AND CARE A severe winter and heavy rains will combine to destroy even the best built dirt or gravel road. The ruts formed in these roads become an actual menace to the lives and property of thousands of tourists, and no speed traps or other annoying evidences of hostility to the motorist will be needed to keep tourists a way from routes which could so easily be brought to the condition of that shown in the right hand view. MAKING A SPOII OF SPEED by HAROLD WHITING SLAUSON T HE world’s speediest sport seems destined to become the nation’s most popular pastime. From a handful of observers, who, twenty years ago followed the entrants in the first automobile race, on foot, to the half million spectators that witnessed the motor car races held on the five leading speedways during 1915 an impressive leap. And yet this is as fairly representative of the strides made by the sport of automobile racing as is the in- crease in average J speeds from five miles per hour to 102 miles per hour representative of the strides made by the industry. In those early days' no ad- missions were charged; today over a million dollars a year is taken in at the gates of these five speedways. There must be something gripping about a sport which will bring half a million spectators hundreds of miles — and in several instances entirely across the Continent — to witness thirty high-strung, mechanically perfect motor cars, driven by as many daring and steel-nerved drivers, dash around a two- or two-and-a-half-mile track for from three to six hours. And yet these enthusiasts have been flocking to Indianapolis, Des Moines and Tacoma in ever-increas- ing numbers, and Chicago and Sheepshead Bay have promises of larger crowds each season than attended the opening of those speedways before. What has been the cause of this wonderful increase in the interest in motor car racing? The question is easily 1 answered. There are over two million motor car owners in this country, and to the majority of these his automobile represents his principal means of at- taining sport, pleasure and recreation. In addition, these contests are always close and exciting, and this element appeals to the sport-loving nature of the average American. But from a practical standpoint, too, the owner is interested in automobile racing, for on the race-course may be tried out metals and designs, which, were it not for the laboratory of the speedway, would not make their appearance in the stock car until several years hence. The motor car owner is enabled to know just what sustained tremendous pressures bearings of certain materials, lubricated CAUL G. FISILEK Father of the speedway idea, and President of the Indianapolis Speedway As- sociation. SEVEN O’CLOCK ON A RACE-DAY MORNING Unlike the road races which started at daybreak, the speedway races do not start until ten, eleven ©r twelve o’clock. Nevertheless the crowds begin pouring in four and five hours before starting time in order to avoid the congestion on the roadways and at the gates. ON THE HOME STRETCH ' “ There is something doing every minute” in a speedway race. Each car averages less than two minutes for a circuit, and as there are from 20 to 30 entrants, the spectators are treated to constant action. EVERYBODY DRIVES TO THE RACES The cars parked in the speedway enclosure on race- day form almost as impressive a sight as the racers themselves. In the background is shown a portion of the stands at Indianapolis capable of accommo- dating 100,000 persons. by special oiling systems, will withstand. The heat, vibra- tion and pressures obtained in a 300- or 500-mile race at the rate of from 80 to 102 miles an hour could only be equaled in fifty times that distance under ordinary touring con- ditions, and confidence in the car itself is therefore instilled into the mind of every owner. The war in Europe will be responsible for severa 1 inter- esting developments in the design of racing motor cars. Already, for its Decoration Day Race, Indianapolis has accepted the entry of a newly designed foreign car which is built on the experience ob- tained with aviation motors during the last year. It can be safely stated that the design of light-weight parts, which are essential for use in avia- tion motors, has progressed during the last year to an extent which would have re- quired a decade of develop- ment in peace times. But the feature of racing which makes it appeal most to a true sportsman is that it is clean. To be sure, professional drivers race not alone for the honor and glory attendant upon the contest, (but for the large cash prizes offered by the management and accessory manufac- turers. But this is scarcely a defect, for it serves only to multiply the eager- ness to win. The conduct of the sport itself is absolutely in the hands of the contest committee of the American Automobile Association, and from the accuracy of the hundredth-of-a-second timing machine down to the rules re- quiring certain safeguards on all types of tracks, the contest is run with a fairness, precision and freedom from accident that may well serve as a pat- tern for the conduct of what has been considered the cleanest branches of intercollegiate sport. But even as recently as eight years ago the especially constructed automobile speedway was the development of the future. Up to that time contests were held either on mile dirt tracks or on a public highway in which accidents both to spectators and drivers were as frequent in a single race as mark an entire year of speedway sport. The germ of the speedway idea was planted in the midst of the Hoosier corn belt, and in 1909 the Indianapolis Speedway was completed. With the exception of the famous Brooklands track in England, this was the only speedway of its kind on the] two Continents, and Indian- apolis soon became the Mecca for the racing enthusiasts of the country. As an indication of the widespread interest in this first track devoted solely to motor car racing, it was found necessary to build grand stands alone capable of seating 100,000 spectators — a number at that time almost equal to the total population of Indianapolis. This two- and-a-half-mile course has become historical. It is the cradle of the automobile track race, the melting pot of design, and the training ground of many a world-famed driver who has made his name in a few short hours of daring driving in one of the classic 500-mile races. When the four men who had the courage of their con- victions sufficient to induce them to sink vast sums of money in what was then a field of corn hills, six miles from the center of the Indiana metropolis, first conceived the idea of this speedway, it was intended that its speed limit should be set far in excess of that ever considered attainable by any racing car. “TREASURE ISLAND" ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON'S GREATEST ADVENTURE STORY SPLENDIDLY STAGED PHOTOS BY WHITE THE FIGHT AT THE STOCKADE The Squire and his party have landed on the island, in an attempt to thwart the pi- rates, and have taken their stand in an old stockade, the only place on the island where there is water. They are at- tacked by the pirates, but repel them with heavy loss. Jim Hawkins, who has made his escape from the clutches of the bi ccaneers, has gained the shelter of the stockade. THE PIRATES BAFFLED The pirates, baffled in their attempt to destroy the Squire's party, go after the treasure. They find the skeleton, Flint’s pointer to the burial-place of the riches — but no treasure! In their baffled rage they attack Silver, whom they blame as the cause of their disappoint- ment, but the opportune arrival on the scene of the Squire and the faithful few from the stockade puts them to final rout, and every last man of them, except Silver, is killed. THE TREASURE RECOVERED THE PIRATES CHECKMATE THE SQUIRE Squire Trelawney fits out an expedi- tion to recover the treasure. Long John Silver (Edward Emery), member of Flint’s crew, gets the pirates into the Squire’s service, with the idea of themselves reaping the reward of the Squire’s labor. When they reach the island, the pirates mutiny and leave the ship with the precious map. Jim is taken as hostage. The two men left on board are here threatened by the Squire and his followers, but escape by pointing out that Jim will be killed if a shot is fired. BILL BONES, THE BULLY Bill Bones (Tim Murphy), mate of the defunct pirate Flint, and guardian of the map of Treasure Island, with the location of the hidden fortune, alternately entertains and bullies the guests at the Admiral Benbow Inn, where he is hiding from the other members of Flint’s crew, from which he is a deserter. THE SEARCH FOR THE TREASURE MAP Headed by the blind man Pew (Frank Sylves- ter) the pirates invade the inn in search of the map. But they have been fore- stalled, as Jim Hawkins (Mrs. Hopkins), warned by Bill Bones, has abstracted the map and taken it to Squire Trelawney (David Glassford). In the scene here portrayed, Pew is urg- ing the pirates, who have been alarmed by noises outside, to continue the search. * The reason for the absence of the treasure from its original hiding-place is here made plain. Ben Gunn (Charles Hopkins), a member of Flint’s crew who had been marooned on the island long before, had found the pirate’s loot and carried it, a sittle at a time, to his cave, to which he has conducted the victorious party. We have here the "happy ending” of this most satisfactory drama. FOOTLIGHT FOLKS MOFFETT Oil, WHAT A MERRY DOLLT Not even a park policeman would make Ellen Dallerup go home for her clothes if she came out to do a little plain and fancy skating, such as she did at the New York Hippodrome. MISS MARY NASH Who had the leading part in “The Man Who Came Back” at the Playhouse in New York. WHITE STUDIO AS THEY DO IN CHINA “The Yellow Jacket” as pre- sented at the Cort Theatre in New York was a remarkable play in the Chinese manner, being quite void of scenery. No one missed the stage effects because the acting was so good. UKPERWOOP A CMPKRWOOD TIIE DEVOTED WIFE Janet Beecher, as the wife of the unjustlyaccused con- vict in “Under Sentence,’* who eventually won her husband's freedom. She did even more. Her ex- cellent acting kept the play from being a failure. “MISS SPRING- TIME* * Sari Petrass as Rosika in the popular musical comedy at the New Amsterdam Theatre, New York City. REFORMS CROOKS Ruth Chester, who as the mother in “Turn to the Right” at the Gaiety The- atre, New York, performed the miracle nightly of turn- ing to the right three prom- ising crooks. COPTRIGRTIBA U II I IX ON TIIE WAY TO STARSHIP Justine Johnstone in “Betty,” a catchy musical comedy at the Globe Theatre, New York. She did “Chiquette,” a minor part, in so clever a way as to predicate rapid advancement in her profession. VISIBLE AFTER TWELVE Muriel Martin, who appeared at Ziegfeld’s Midnight Frolic atop the New Amsterdam Theatre, New York. Her skit was one of the hits of a popular show. EMMA DUNN IN “OLD LADY 31 ” I EE KUGEL, the producer of ‘‘Old Lady 31,” seven 1 years ago ran across a novel which interested him by reason of its dramatic possibilities. From that time until the first of January, 1916, he endeavored to secure the dramatic rights, and finally succeeded. He contracted with Rachel Crothers to make the dramatiza- tion. Miss Crothers had scored successes with “The Three of Us,” “A Man’s World,” "Myself Bettina.” Emma Dunn, the greatest creator of mother types the world has ever known, was engaged to star in the play. Over 300 actors were tried out for the different roles, and “Old Lady 31 ” was a success from the start. The clever mingling of laughs and tears has given it an enduring quality. The play opens with a prologue in which there are only two characters; one is Angie (played by Emma Dunn) sweet, trusting, kind, and the other her hus- even the old grandma, who can scarcely stagger around with her stick, vies with the others in kindness to Abe. Jealousy develops, and if it were not for the appearance of the sweet- heart of one of the inmates there might have been civil war in the home, for some are determined to send Abe away. Luckily, the old ladies think better of it, when the old but still blushing bride is borne away. Abe falls sick. No one knows just what is the matter with him. But probably Mike, the woman-hating care-taker, was right when he said, “What ye need, Abe, is a bit of a spree.” So Abe goes off with the bridegroom, who came to visit him, and returns to Angie, after much worry on her part over his NO. I — OVER T1IK HILL TO T1IK POORHOUSE They’ll only be three miles apart — Angie in the old ladies’ home and Abe in the poorhouse. Angie remembers the days of their courtship when three miles was almost nothing at all and she is brave. But Abe remembers the sheaf of worthless securities he bought and which now represent their home. NO. Ill— A LITTLE SYMPATHY STARTS A LOT OP TROUBLE Just because Blossy, the 60-year-old lady, who never grew old, and whom an admirer has been courting for a quarter century, does not receive her annual proposal of marriage, and, because she is all broken up over this heartless neglect, and cries, and Abe is sympathetic, and she k uses his hand, people start talking. NO. II— ABE BECOMES AN OLD LADY TO GET IN Thirty old ladies, the population of the home, extend to Abe its hospitality, and, registered as “Old Lady 31,” he takes up his residence there. The only man in the home, he is the cause of some jealousy, particularly on the day of his birthday party when he is so indiscreet as to notice one old lady more than another. \ band, Abe. They are saying good-bye to the home over whose doorsil! Abe carried her, a bride. They have lost their all and are on their way to the old ladies’ home, where Angie is to be housed in “luxury” because Abe demands it, while Abe is to go to the poor- house. A few old ladies are on the porch of the old ladies’ home when the curtain rises on the second act. They “OLD s 1 LADT 31" LEADING CHARACTERS Angie Emma Dunn Abe Rose Reginald Barlow s Blossy May Galyer Mary Marie Pecheur John Stuart Sage 1 Mike Mike O’Connor 1 prolonged stay, to find that a brief relapse to his foolish days has really won him independence, because 20 years before he had bought some mining shares long since regarded as worthless, which now prove to have sufficient value to support the couple for the remainder of their lives in peace and comfort. Accord- §■■■■■■ ■■■■ ■■ ■■■ aam ■ mmmamKmmmm M ingly, they buy back their old homestead to spend the re- mainder of their are excited over the coming of Angie. One of them suggests that they offer Abe a home with them. They do it, entering Abe vaguely as "Old Lady 31” on the books of the home. In the third act complications arise. He is the only man in the home and days. Abe and Angie forego their de- liverance to bring the boy whom they long wished to adopt into the hap- piness of winning the girl whom he loves. As Angie says to her when the curtain falls, “It’s love, love, love.” NO. IV — A SLY MATCH- MAKER “Go ahead, Blossy, get married,** is the advice of Angie, who sees in Blossy’s nuptials a quieting of the jealousies in the home, the restoration of Abe’s welcome as a member of the institution family, and the assurance of a good home for the rest of their lives. NO. V — ANGIE’S PLOT “Women night and day gets on a man’s nerves, and besides is belittling,” as Abe remarks, and Angie knows that Abe’s inexplic- able illness is from no other cause. Mike, the gardener, a woman- hater, is wheedled into giving Abe the necessary medicine — a “spree,” which consists in spending a night or two at a lighthouse. NO. VI— IN THE MEANTIME Mary, the daughter of the richest man in the county, and the presi- dent of the board of directors of the home, loves John, and John of course, loves Mary. But John is a poor boy, working around the home. Because he has talent as an architect, Mary advises him to go to Boston to study for that profession. NO. Vn- UNEXPECTED HAPPINESS When Abe gets back from his “spree,” things happen rapidly. His old mining stock has suddenly made him rich. John is adopted by the now wealthy Abe and Angie and so is enabled to propose to Mary, and the old couple, happy in well-doing, are returned to their former peaceful home life. ANGIE, WHO GUIDES THE DESTINIES OF THOSE ABOUT HER Angie, the sweetest, dearest character imaginable, a mother, a sweetheart, a ttiend, the benefactor, is the epitome of all that is fine and good in womankind, aiding and helping everyone, doing all things for their happiness and comfort. She represents the type of the universal mother and friend, optimistic but still conservative. Always before her eyes is the burning light of God’s love. In her we see the mirrored reflection ot our mothers and our grandmothers; of our old and dearly loved aunts and the whole line of relatives that every man treasures in his memory as the golden link that connects his life of today with his early childhood. Hers is the character played by Emma Dunn. A SAWDUST TRAIL OF PEACH JAM J OHN E. HAZZARD, comedian, verse writer and jokesmith, conceived the amazingly ludicrous situation of the rescue of a saintly old mother from the clutches of the local skinflint who was about to take her home from her in pay- ment of a small debt (during the absence of her only son) by robbing the skinflint' s safe of the exact sum required, “frisking” him of the money immediately after payment, and returning it to the safe before the robbery could be detected — and so clearing off the indebtedness without the loss of a cent — to the old lady. Of course it isn’t the dear old woman who commits the double crime, but two prison pals of her son, who in various other ways add to the amusement of the audience be f ore the final curtain ends a very happy comedy. THE BACK- O-NATUKE MOVEMENT Joe doesn’t remember that he ever did the bit of burglary for which he has been repenting a year in prison, but the two prison cronies who wait in the cozy little pawnshop to welcome him are willing to take a chance on him, professional or amateur. They urge him to turn just one more trick before he quits, but Joe starts walking farmward whistling “Good- bye, Boys, I’m Through.” WATCHFULLY WAITING AND PRAYING Correspondence f. om the prison hasn’t been voluminous, and Joe’s mother and his sister Betty have had no word from him for a yea-' His mother prays daily for news of her boy ; his sister hopes for his return in time to save the mortgage from foreclosure; but Elsie Tillinger begins to weary of the long silence. A LITTLE JOB OF EXPLAINING Joe has a hard road before him. He left home to make good in the city for Elsie’s sake, and she appreciated that as long as he kept up his reports on his progress. But a year’s silence, the competition of the city man and his tailor allies, j prison sentence to explain and the cordial dislike of the Deacon, Elsie’s father, who holds the mortgage on the Bascorr farm, all make Joe’s path with Elsie anything but rosy. AN INTERRUPTED PRAYER Ordinarily it is not good form to burst into a room where people are praying, but Joe’s mother and sister overlook the Dreach of etiquette when the wandering boy throws open the door. Betty has outgrown the doll he brings her but the shawl for his mother is, of course, “just what she wanted.” A FORTUNATE PLACE TO BE KICKED OFF A TRAIN Muggs and Gilly, late of the prison and the pawnshop, always have stolen, so the natural tendency is to steal a ride. Kicked off the train, they make their way to the Bascom farm and find Joe’s mother far more sympathetic than the brakeman. At the evening meal they are introduced to all the saving agencies in the story, prayers, peach jam and kind-hearted women. 1 Jg % \ f 1 1 1 " # 1 PEACH JAM ENTERS THE WORLD MARKET No one knows better than Joe’s mother how peach jam should be made. Sammy Martin, the Deacon’s hired man, knows better than the Deacon its market value. ^ With a little arguing and planning the arrangements are r L finally made and the widow begins to can peach jam as fast as Sammy can dispose of it to eager customers THE SAWDUST TRAIL’S HAPPY ENDING “All is well.” This picture, which looks like a male quartet, really shows a very happy mother, three happy bridegrooms, now respectable citizens, and one happy salesman whose success has promoted him from overalls to a dress suit. The other characters in the story, pre- sumably, are back of the scenes cooking more peach jam. /V BB—aaa— aJiTWTHTin FLAYS AND PLAYERS IN NEW YORK (W 1W. iMWKf JfMWHWWMHKWi BEAUTY AND GRACE ON SKATES Cathleen Pope, a big hit in “The Big Show,” the latest of the Hippodrome’s gigantic spectacles. LEW 1 8- SMITH ALWAYS A % FAVORITE 1 he ever-popular Elsie Ferguson in "Shirley Kaye,” at the Hudson Theatre, a new comedy by Hulbert Foot, played a part well suited to her ripened talents. THE FIRST REAL SUCCESS AT THE CENTURY THEATRE ’’ i he Millionaires’ Theatre” had a success at last in “The Century Girl,” which drew large and enthu- siastic audiences for months. Here are Hazel Dawn and Irving Fisher in one of the prettiest scenes in the extravagancy staged production. WHIT* OLD FRENCH ROMANCE Julia Arthur, at the Criterion, scored another success in “Seremonda,” a thrilling 12th century play by William Lindsay, formerly a minister. THE WELL- LOVED NORA Nora Bayes, the popular comedi- enne, was the whole show, verily, at a series of Sunday night and matine entertainments at the Eltinge Theatre. ATTRACTING THE ATTENTION OF CRITICS ”" T ‘ A scene from “The Lady of the Weeping Willow Tree,” a Japanese legendary play at the little advertised Portmanteau Theatre, where one hnds well-played, well-staged, clever productions. AN UNHAPPY HONEST MAN William Collier, the expert and amiable farceur with Margaret Brainerd in the entertaining comedy, “Nothing but the Truth,” which easily filled the Longacre Theatre for many a night. BAKER ART GALLERY A BROADWAY IDOL Adele Hassan, who easily won commendation for her work in “The Only Girl.” CINDERELLA MEETS HER PRINCE Maude Adams, the popular idol of theatredom, in the fanciful Barrie play, “A Kiss for Cinderella,” at the Emprrt. The ballroom act was one of the most exquisitely staged sets New York has ever seen. Davis a- sa.yford STAR OF A POPULAR PLAY Ruth Chatterton, who multi- plied to her laurels by clever work in “Come Out of the Kit- chen” at the Cohan Theatre. AMERICA’S FOREMOST MUSICIANS 1EXA3 IS PROUD OF HER The Lone Star State enjoys the honor of having produced one of America’s foremost woman pianists, Mme. Olga Samaroff, whose recitals are winning added laurels for her. She is the wife of the director of the Phila- delphia Symphony Orchestra, Leopold Stokowsky. A CONTRALTO FROM NEW YORK Miss Sophie Braslau was raised in New York City, to which she has returned as a contralto with the Metropolitan Opera Company. ANOTHER NEW YORKER Alma Gluck, who is seen here with her hus- band Effrem Zimbalist and their “dizzy blonde” daughter Marie Virginia, came from New York. ADOPTED BY AMERICA Evan Williams, the noted tenor, happens to have been born in Wales, but likes America as much as America likes him. He is one of the few artists who are doing most of their singing in English, much to the delighc of those who are unfamiliar with other languages. BALTIMORE SOPRANO Miss Mabel Garrison is the delight- ful young soprano who recently scored a triumph »n twc Mozart operettas produced by Mr. Albert Reiss, and who has been reengaged by the Metropolitan Opera Com- pany Her home is In Baltimore. EDDY BROWN. ONCE OF INDIANA Among the youngest and yet most able violin artists Is Biddy Brown, a native of Indiana, whose father was « dose friend of the late James Whitcomb Riley. HER HOME IS IN AMERICA. ANYWAY DAUGHTER OF A FAMOUS MISSOURIAN "Who’s Who” says that Frieda Hempel was born in Mme. Clara Clemens Gabrilowitsdi, daughter of Leipsic, Germany, but it also says that her home is in Mark Twain, and the wife of Ossip Gkbrilowicsch tae New York. Anyway, she is a leading soprano of the famous pianist, continues to please enthusia-st . Metropolitan Opera Company, an American institution. audiences with her Aiging. G E CAIADA’S II OO O B R I 1) SECOND APPALLING DISASTER ON THE QUEBEC STRUCTURE CHESTERFIELD A MCLAREN JUST BEFORE THE CRASH The 500-ton central span of the bridge across the St. Lawrence River at Quebec, being towed into place. The span was built on pontoons and was to have been raised from the surface of the river to connect with the shore sections 150 feet above. More than 50,000 people had assembled to witness the consummation of one of the greatest engineering feats of the world, cabinet officials and world-famed engineers being among them. The bridge was projected 63 years ago. but capital could not be interested until 1882. After a number of years work was commenced, but on August 29th, 1907, the unfinished structure collapsed. The estimated cost of the bridge is $1 7.000.000 C II ENTER FI ELD A MCLAREN PICKING UP THE SURVIVORS The river near the bridge was thronged with tugs and other small craft and speedy assistance was given to the workmen struggling in the water. The disaster was witnessed by the crowd that had assem- bled for the ceremonies attendant upon the floating of the span into position, and many photographers were present, which accounts for the remarkable pictures here shown. The bridge is 3,239 feet long and the span which was lost was 640 feet long. The contractors were hurrying the work to secure a $1,000,000 bonus. Their loss was this amount plus the cost of a new span estimated at $600,000. j COPYRIGHT IKT'L FILM SERVICE HIE DISASTER SNAPPED When the central span had been raised 15 feet by 8,000-ton hy- draulic jacks and chains with 30-inch links, something gave way, and it started to sink, at the same time buckling as shown in the photograph. About 80 work- men went down with it, of whom 13 were killed or soon after died of injuries. The span sank in 200 feet of water and it is said no ef- fort will be made to raise it. The contracting company assumed full liability for the loss and at once started to build a new span, but it is estimated that two yeais will be required to complete the work. Engineers have offered no satisfactory explanation of the disaster. WRECKAGE OF THE FIRaT QUEBEC BRIDGE The first structure was built on the cantilever principle, and was nearing completion when it collapsed, carrying down 79 workmen to death. The superstructure of the bridge was a total loss and the catastrophe delayed completion for years. The bridge will shorten the route between Halifax and western Canada by 200 miles and is to be used by eight railroads. It also provides two tracks for street cars and two roadways. When completed it will be one of the great bridges of the world. WESTER] RI Through* Washingto: Oregon va done to < storms of photograpl prune orcl couver, W trees were en down b Similar da over a wic fruit grow* gloom PACItIC COAST IN BLIZZARD'S GRIP The picture above shows Fourth and Main Streets, Vancouver, Wash., after the big snow and sleet storm early in Feb., 1916. Telegraph and Telephone lines were broken down by the weight of the snow and ice. That winter was one of tne most severe in yea~s along the Pacific Coast. Vancouver rarely has any snow at all COPYlUr.HT NATIONAL F*LM PER VICE TWO MILLION -DOLLAR FIRE Fall River, Mass., a prosperous manu- facturing city, was devastated by a fire on February 16th that destroyed several blocks of the city, and caused a loss of over $2,000,000. The picture to the right is of the ruins, looking toward city hall from South Main street. The fire started in a depart- ment store and for a time threatened to destroy the whole city. The fire- men were hampered in their work ty the severe cold * • *,-*/ <* . T* '*'&■* OHIO RIVER STEAMBOAT BOILER EXPLODES. KILLING ELEVEN The tow boat Sam Brown, of Pittsburgh, after her boilers I trade and carried a crew of 34, of whom 11 were killed, blew up in the Ohio River near H intington, W. Va., on Parts of the boilers were hurled 1,500 feet by the force of February 2d. She was a well-known boat in the coal I the explosion The cause of the disaster is not known. GREAT STORMS TURE ft Holland, as we all know, is protected from the North Sea by dykes — walls of earth that hold back the waters from the low-lying land. This winter revere storms drove the waves to break through the DI KCHARDS ED southern id northern amage was rds by the uary. The Dve shows a near Van , where the >st all brok- ow and ice. e was done ea and the ire facing a rospect. VICTORIA FLOUNDi.ES IN DRIFTS Victoria. B. C., situated on Vancouver Island, where winter, as a rule, brings no snow, was snow-bound for several days in February, As shown in the picture above, the streets were deep in snow. Huge drifts blockaded street cars, so that they had to be abandoned, and business was almost at a standstill for several days. COPYRIGHT ONDftlt..OOD A UNDERWOOD SHIPS BURNED AT THE DUCK A fire of unknown origin destroyed the three freighters Bo/ton Castle, Paciiic Castle and Bellagio on tie moaning of February 16th, while lying at their pier in Brooklyn. The ships were loaded with war supplies for the Allies. The report that the fire was starte I by German spies has been offiriol! - denied. The pier and 30 lighters were burned as w-11 as the ships, entailing a loss of almost $5,000,000. Severed Asiatic sailors lost their lives. - -7 T I IN HOLLAND’S SAFETY COPYRIGHT LK8LII “GR A PlllC SKliVICk ARKANSAS RIVER GETS OUT OF BOUN I S WITH FATAL RESULTS dykes in many places, and only greatest efforts saved vast areas from destruction. The drawing shows the island of Marken, a well- known resort, while inundated Seventeen lr^s were lost there. A view along the Iron Mountain railroad near Newpo t. Ark., during the February floods which raised the Arkan- sas River far above the danger line. In the widespread floods 29 people lost their lives and the damage mounted into hundreds of thousands of dollars. At intervals the river is held in its course by levees, many of v/hich broke. DISASTERS BY FLOOD AND FIRE F~~ " WEIGHT CALIFORNIA’S WORST FLOOD The San Diego valley in southern Cali- fornia in 1916 was flooded by waters of unprecedented height. This is a view of the wreck of the new concrete high- way bridge across the San Diego River undermined by the flood. In the dis- tance is the Santa Fe railroad bridge, also swept away de- spite the heavy trains of loaded freight cars placed on it to weight it down. Half a hundred lives were lost in the vi- cinity of San Diego, and the property damage mounts into millions. RUINS OF CANADA’S BEAUTIFUL HOUSE OF PARLIAMENT FLAME SWEPT This building, said to have be.*n the finest specimen of Gothic architecture in the New World, was completely ruined by the fire that started at 9 o’clock in the evening of Feb. 3, 1916, while both houses were in session, and which spread with such rapidity that it was with the greatest difficulty that the members and employees escaped. Seven lives were lost. Public sentiment at once charged the fire to German spies, but evidence to k'HWTUnUD* MCLAKKS support this claim was not produced, though a number of persons were arrested on suspicion of connection with a plot to destroy the building. The greatest precautions were at once taken throughout the Dominion to protect other public buildings and munition plants, and the excited populace credited rumors that a secret German In- vasion of Canada from the United States was being planned. THREE SOUTHERN CITIES ABLAZE FIRE LOSSES OF MORE THAN .920,000,000 SUSTAINED IN ONE DAY I WILEP FLEEING FROM IMPENDING DESTRUCTION The fire in Nashville, on March 22d, almost wiped out East Nashville. It was started by a boy light- ing a ball of yarn and tossing it into a vacant lot where it ignited the dry grass. A fifty-mile wind quickly put the flames beyond control. Thirty-five residence blocks were burned over and more than 3,000 people were left homeless by the destruc- tion of 600 houses. The East Nashville sub- postoffice, the Warner public school and several churches were among the public buildings de- stroyed. Many narrow escapes occurred, owing to the rapid spread of the flames, but no deaths resulted. The loss was placed at $1,500,000. Governor Rye ordered out several companies of the National Guard to patrol the burned district against looters. TWO-THIRDS OF PARIS (TEX.) DESTROYED Fire started in Paris, Texas, a thriving city of about 15,000 people, late in the afternoon of March 21, and by the next morning more than two-thirds of the town, including all of the business portion, had been de- stroyed and more than 8,000 people were homeless. The property loss is estimated at $15,000,000 and one life was lost. The fire covered 30 blocks containing, in addi- tion to the business section, about 2,000 homes. The fire department was helpless against the flames, which were fanned by a high wind, and the assistance rushed from neighboring towns was also unable to check the fire, which burned itself out. Prompt measures were taken to care for the thousands of homeless people, and the city will be rebuilt at once. The illustra- tion shows a view of the public square, looking north, after the fire. By a strange coincidence, Augusta, Ga., and Nashville. Tenn., were visited by destructive fires dur- ing the same 24 hours that Paris was ablaze. CHARLESTON PHOTO CO. FIVE MILLION DOLLAR FIRE IN THE FINE OLD CITT OF AUGUSTA Augusta, third city of Georgia, had a $5,000,000 fire, on March 22d,the blaze originating in the Dyer building in the business section. The fire department, assisted by engines from Atlanta, Savannah and Macon, was not able to get the flames under control until ten busi- ness blocks and 20 residential blocks had been swept, with a loss of $5,000,000. The fire took in the best residential streets and left 3,000 people without homes. A fund was raised to care for the suf- ferers. Our view shows Green street filled with effects of refugees. FLOOD REFUGEES ON NEW BUND. CANTON The Chinese floods of 1915’s summer are said to have been the worst in the history of the country. Large areas of Canton were submerged and a great exoanse of flat country back of the city was swept by the raging rivers. Although floods are of frequent occurrence in China the people are too poor to prepare for them and the loss of life is terrible. The number of lives lost was estimated at 100,000. The destruction cf property is great and many thousands are destitute. LIVING ON THE ROOFS OF HOUSES ALONG WEST RIVER A personal letter to the editor of Leslie's gave a graphic description of scenes in Canton during the flood. It said, in part: “Dr. Start came up to see us on Sunday. His school is in Sai Kwan, the western suburb of Canton and it had nine feet of water in it. The sampan people wanted Si 50 to take him and ten scholars to a place of safety. They could not pay that sum and lived in the upper story of the house on rice and some provisions that a boy obtained by swimming to a store. Finally Dr. Start got away with his scholars. He said the condition of the water was something too awful — dead bodies among the debris being quite frequent — and this was the water they had to drink and cook with. He told of a baby with S300 tied to it floating down stream in a tub. A Chinaman took the money and left the baby, but another man from the same village was more humane and saved the child. Now the people 01 the village are scolding the man who took the money. The English consul organized a rescue service and took care of all the English residents, but I hear that our own consul was not so efficient.” Thousands of natives lived for days on the roofs of houses, where many of them were threatened with starvation. The water rose into the foreign quarter of Canton and caused great inconvenience, but it is not reported that any foreigners lost their lives in that section. Bad fires broke out in the city while the flood was at its height and did much damage. Hundreds of square miles of country along the rivers that flow through Canton have HORRORS OF FLOOD AS BAD AS THOSE OF WAR been swept clean of crops, houses and live stock. Corpses floated in the streets of Canton for days, mingled with the bodies of animals. Sanitary conditions, always bad, were beyond description. Boatmen and bad characters robbed the survivors. STORM SWEEPS TEXAS COAST -x . ^ *-J ' 'aw COPYRIGHT BERING CARRIED TWO BLOCKS This huge oil tank was swept from its foundation and whirled two blocks by the rushing waters. Large build- ings were torn to pieces and stretches of railroad track ripped up. I GREAT EXPORTING CITY OF GALVESTON DEVASTATED An So-mile gale, in August, 1916, threatened to sweep the sea over Galveston, Texas, repeating the destruction of 190c, when S,ooo people were killed. The sea wall, built since the former disaster, saved the city. The picture shows wrecked boats swept ashore. The causeway that connects the city with the mainland was broken, and railway communication cut off. Great fires destroyed many buildings. About 20 lives and $j ,000,000 worth of property were lost int’l news FORCE OF THE SEA WAVES Enormous masses of concrete were torn from the top of the sea wall and hurled about like chips. The wall held and justified the faith of its builders by saving the city from destruction. The people of Galveston very pluckily declined outside assistance. HOUSTON FEELS EFFECTS OF STORM The prosperous city of Houston was flooded by terrific rains and much damage was done. Beaumont. Port Arthur, Sabine Pass and other coast cities were storm swept. It was estimated that 200 lives and $15,000,000 worth of property were lost throughout Texas. IT. S. ARMY CAMP AT TEXAS CITY A part of the post that was flooded and destroyed, and where ten soldiers were drowned. General Bell then recom- mended that the camp be abandoned. The soldiers assisted in rescuing citizens of Texas City, which was badly damaged. FLOOD SWEEPS FERTILE VALLEY OF ALL ITS SOIL The breaking of the Otay dam, due to unprecedented rains, released twelve billion gallons of water, which swept down the Otay valley into San Diego Bay, and carried with it the farm buildings, fruit trees and even the soil of one of California’s most prosperous valleys. The inhabitants were warned in time to escape, but about fifteen, who were skeptical or who lingered to save their property, were drowned. Before the flood land in the valley sold as high as $1,500 an acre. The torrent swept every bit of the soil from the underlying rock, and deposited it in San Diego Bay, forming a vast bar that obstructed navigation. Many fine farms were buried under rocks and debris, the flood having carried one-ton boulders for miles. Just before the flood the city council of San Diego made a contract with a professional rainmaker, named Hatfield, to produce rain enough to fill the Morena reservoir. Now Hatfield is keeping out of sight, as some people blame him for the flood. The location of the top of the dam is shown in the picture by the broken white line. The dam was 340 feet thick at the bottom and 16 at the top. It was 134 feet high. CALIFORNIA OIL FIELDS SUFFER FROM STORMS The Bakersfield district, famous as one of the most productive oil fields in the United States, was swept by the storms that prevailed in California early in 1916, and great damage was done to the oil properties. The Bakersfield Californian then completed a list showing that in the Midway- Sunset field alone the storm of January 17th resulted in the destruc tion of 280 rigs while the storm of January 27th destroyed 665 more, making a total of 945. The entire number in the field ''-as only 1,987. In the McKittrick district 228 rigs out of 315 were destroyed. A rig is the derrick, engine and boiler and the druiing or pumping machinery, as ohown in the picture of a wrecked out- fit. The storms throughout the Western half of the United States in January were, perhaps, the most general and severe ever known. FLOOD TIME IN Texas got its full share of the 1916 floods, and many towns met the fate of West Hickman, here shown up to its knees in water. The floods were destructive of property, but few fatalities resulted. Torrential rains vurned the smallest streams into raging torrents that spread out into A TEXAS TOWN conwnWinuiutM broad lagoons wherever the banks were low. The storms continued until the second week of February, and covered the southern half of the country from Indiana west, while the Northwest had severe cold and unusually heavy snows that obstructed traffic. COPYRIGHT CENTRAL NEWS PHOTO SERVICE HERBERT COPYRIGHT tTNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD TWO MILES FROM THE EXPLOSION The German Artistic Silk mill, two miles from the exploded powder plant, was wrecked, as shown above, scarcely a whole pane of glass being left and the delicate machinery being badly damaged. Loss estimated at $750,000. To the left is a scene of ruin in Kingsland, where houses were burned by exploding shells from the Canadian Car and Foundry Company’s plant. To the right is Miss Tessie McNamara, telephone operator, who stuck to her switchboard at the shell plant until she warned 37 departments that there was a fire in Sned No. 30, probably saving hundreds of lives. Belore she finished fragments of shell were falling on the roof over her head. The Special Aid Society has voted her $25 as a token of appreciation of her heroism. Four separate investigations of the cause of these disasters failed to produce results. MUNITION WORKS ABLAZE BOMBARDS TOWN Two of the worst munitions disasters the world has known occurred within 30 hours in New Jersey. On January 11, 1916, part of the Canadian Car and Foundry Company, at Kingsland, took fire and the flames exploded hundreds of thousands of shells awaiting shipment to the Russian armies. The plant was wrecked and two square miles of country devastated like a battlefield. The shock of the larger explosions was felt for 150 miles and a continuous bombardment for four hours drove thousands of people from their homes. Fortunately no lives were lost, although about a score of people were injured. The property loss is estimated at $17,000,000, of which $12,000,000 falls on the Canadian company and the Russian government. The rest of the damage was done to surrounding property, many buildings being riddled by shells and some set on fire. The next day the Haskell plant of the E. I. du Pont de Nemours Company, powder makers, blew up. About 400,000 pounds of smokeless powder, in three blasts, broke windows and shook houses for 50 miles around. The shock was felt at Springfield, Mass. Two were killed and a number hurt and the property loss is $2,000,000. Suspicions that the catas- trophes were due to plots of those opposed to the Allies were unconfirmed. SOCIAL PRESS ASSOCIATION RECENT WRECKS AND MISHAPS HUH PPLVER ©BB FREAK. OF A WRECK A broken axle caused the wreck near Sodus, N. Y., in 1916, in which six freight cars were piled, side by side, at right angles to the tracks. The couplings between the cars were broken as the derailed cars were stacked. Two of the cars were demolished. No explanation has been offered for the odd placing of the cars by the accident. EFFECTS OF A HARD WINTER Tons of buffalo fish and carp were scooped out with hands and shovels and carried away in bags and wagons when the ice-cutting began at Windom, Minn. The fish, deprived of air, when an unusually heavy sheet of ice covered the Des Moines River, became sluggish and were easily captured by the men who stood around the holes where ice had been cut and scooped out the fish when they crowded to the holes for air. GREAT BOATS HELD IN THE ICE The severe cold weather which swept the Northwest in the winter crippled the opera- tions of the Pere Marquette car ferriers at Ludington, Mich. Ferriers numbers 17, 18 and 19 all were caught in the slush ice of the outer harbor and held as fast as an explorer’s ship in the frozen Arctic. T0M8ES ■ GAS EXPLOSION KILLS SEVERAL The explosion of an acetylene gas lighting plant in the home of John Faaborg, near Kimballton, Iowa, killed two of 17 people in the house, injured two others fatally, and hurt all the others severely except one thrown under a table which bore the weight of the debris. The house was blown 15 feet in the air. PAY EMPLOYEES AS PLANT BURNS For four hours, 14 engine companies, five fire truck companies, and three fire boats fought the flames that cost the Filer-Stowell Machine Company of Milwaukee, Wis., over $350,000. When the fire was discovered the employees filed out, stopping at the time-keeper’s office for their checks. ENGINEER CRUSHED IN COLLISION ON BRIDGE A collision between a switch engine and an extra freight train on the bridge over the Wisconsin River at Stevens Point, Wis., injured the fireman of each engine and killed an engineer, who was crushed between the boiler head and coal tender when the engine and tender left the track. The derailed engine svas thrown from the embankment on one side of the bridge and on the oppo- site side a box car scattered its contents of baled hay over the frozen river. STONE TORNADO KILLS SCHOOL CHILDREN Ten school children were killed outright, five others were fatally injured and the teacher and twelve other pupils were hurt when a tor- nado demolished the school house at Vireton, Okla., in January, 1916. Only twoof the 31 people in the building at the time the wind struck it escaped without injury. The schoolhouse was lifted high in the air and blown to bits and the children were carried a considerable distance by the gale before they were dropped amid the wreckage. TRAIN WRECKED BY WEAKENED TRESTLE A train carrying a steam shovel passed under this trestle at Rainier, Wash. The crane swung loose and knocked out some of the supporting timbers. Before a warning could be given, another train ran on to the trestle but fell through the weakened structure, killing *wo and injuring 18 passengers. One parlor car was left standing on the trestle. Copyright, J udgi y nr Yr»k. litlG Tainted by Rolf Armstrong PAUREL INTRODUCES HIS LATEST “PROTEGE” Jean Paurel (Leo Ditrichstein) , the Gotham Grand Opera Company’s famous baritone, is to sing “Don Giovanni.” His manager, Stapleton (Lee M. Millar), wants an old flame of Paurel’s, a famous prima donna, to sing with him; but Paurel, who has taken a fancy to Ethel Warren, a young American singer (Virginia Fox Brooks), insists on her having the part. Stapleton refuses, but Paurel’s infatuation continues. “THE GREAT LOVER” A RIVAL SINGER TAKES HIS PLACE Paurel, who is here shown being lion- ized in his dressing-room by his en- thusiastic admirers, after the first act of the opera, quarrels with Carlo Sonino (Malcolm Fasset), his rival for the hand and heart of Ethel, and during his tirade loses his voice. Sonino takes Paurel’s place in “Don Giovanni.” and scores a triumph. HE LEARNS THAT HIS VOICE IS PERMANENTLY GONE Paurel’s physician (Arthur Lewis) tells the great baritone that his voice is gone forever, and Ethel, grateful for hi kindness to her, does her best to comfort him. ETHEL, IN GRATITUDE. ACCEPTS HIM With his operatic career at an end, Paurel proposes marriage to Ethel, who, though she is in love with Sonino, sympathizes with Paurel and rccepts him. LOTHARIO HIMSELF AGAIN Paurel, realizing the differences in age, sacrifices his desire and releases Ethel. He is apparently in the depths of despair, but a telephone call from one of his lady admirers dispels the clouds^ and the curtain falls on the conversation in which he makes s luncheon engagement with the fair invisible. THE PERM I IV. CITY A S20.000.000 EXPLOSION WHICH SHOOK FIVE STATES The explosion at Black Tom Island, Jersey City, N. J., which shook New York like an earth- quake at 2 A. M. on July 30th, 1916. and was felt in five States, recalls the perils of a great city as evidenced by numerous other explosions during th"* past few years, all involving tre- mendous loss of property and heavy loss of life. The p’ 'ture shows Black Tom Island after the terrible occurrence. A large amount of dynamite and war munitions, brought to the island for shipment abroad to the Allies, was set off by a dynamite explosion due either to a fire on a barge or collision of freight cars. The explosion and fire did $20,000,000 damage to property, killed at least four persons and injured over 100 Seventeen warehouses out of twenty-four belonging to the National Storage Company, and filled with goods, six piers leased by the Lehigh Valley Railroad, numerous barges and eighty-five freight cars, many loaded with munitions, were destroyed. There were two main explosions, and for hours shells and shrapnel bombarded the vicinity. Thousands of plate glass windows were broken in Greater New York and Jersey City and much damage was done on Ellis Island, the government immigration station, and on Bedloe’s Island, where the Statue of Liberty stands. There was great excitement in the two cities. Five inquiries into the disaster were started. Albert Dickman, Lehigh Valley Railroad agent, Alexander Davidson, superintendent of the National Storage Company, and Theodore B. Johnson, president of the Johnson Lighterage Company, were arrested, charged with criminal negligence. LIKE A BATTLEFIELD OF TOE GREAT WAR CENTRAL NEW 8 SERVICE Thousands of shells from the cars and barges at Black Tom Island were strewn within a radius of two miles. These missiles made the task of fighting the flames which succeeded the explosion exceedingly perilous and many firemen were injured. The flames from the burning cars, vessels and buildings lighted up the whole sky and were visible for many miles. WHERE SIX CARLOADS OF SIIILI S EXPLODED CENTRAL NEWS SERVICE A photo taken from behind the spot on Black Tom Island where one of the big explosions occurred, less than a mile from the Statue of Liberty (shown in the background). Shells and shrapnel were rained on the island where the statue stands, and the pedestal was battered and near-by buildings shattered, but the figure was not seriously damaged. REPRODUCED PROM LESLIE’8 JAN. 11, 1011 A STRANGE AND DREADFUL ACCIDENT On December 29, 1910, a railroad car in the underground yards of the Grand Central Station, New York, crashed into and broke a gas main. A workman sent to repair the break dropped a steel crossbar on the third rail and a spark ignited the escaping gas, causing a terrific explosion. Property in the vicinity was damaged to the extent of $2,000,000, and ten persons were killed and 100 injured. A trolley (shown in the picture) loaded with pas- sengers was hurled from the track by the explosion and landed on a passing auto. Four passengers were killed and a dozen injured. AIDE THE FEARFUL EFFECTS OF DYNAMITE Scene at Communipaw, Jersey City, not far from Black Tom Island, after the explosion of 25 tons of dynamite on February 1, 1911, killing 30 men, injuring 100, and spreading panic all over lower New York. The damage was $1,000,000. The shock was felt 50 miles away. The picture shows two freight cars at the terminal of the Central Railroad of New Jersey. Each was loaded with dynamite with a cement laden car between. Only one car exploded. WHERE TWENTY-FIVE LIVES WERE LOST Firemen pouring water on the ruins of the Tarrant Drug & Ware- house Building at Greenwich and Warren Streets, New York, which, with 40 other buildings, was destroyed by a mysterious fire and explosion on October 29, 1900. Twenty-five lives were lost and $1,000,000 worth of property destroyed. There were several explo- sions and each shook the city, the shock being felt for many miles. 1) OF SPORT by ED A. GOEWEY (the old fan) SP r mJ Yi'\ STAR WRESTLERS AMONG UNCLE SAM’S SEA FIGHTERS That athletics contribute largely toward training Uncle Sam’s sea fighters is not appreciated by the general public. A SNOW PRINCESS RIDING IN STATE Sledding is one of the most popular of the winter pastimes at Tuxedo Park, N. Y., a fashionable Eastern cold weather resort,* but the style shown in the picture is meeting with unusual favor each year, at least from the fair sex. In this gay party are Miss Katherine Porter, Jack Ruther- ford and J. S. Pettit. The Navy Department con. siders it so important a factor that it assigns a .ieutenant as Fleet Ath- letic Officer, to promote athletics in the fleet and arrange the schedule of events for the men in the summer at Newport, and in the winter at Guantanamo, Cuba. The events include boxing, wrestling, baseball, tennis, golf, football, basketball, rowing and swimming, and medals, cups and other trophies are awarded as prizes. In the navy Tom Sharkey and “Gunboat 5 * Smith received their early training. The picture shows Seaman A. T. Monzerolle and Fireman W. L. Tucker wrestling aboard the bat- tleship New York. If i . -- 4 fCSCaeai C3i*S»' (S' I OPENING THE POLO SEASON AT SAN MATEO In the game which properly usnered in the polo ! son at the San Mateo Polo Club, California, Red defeated the White, by a score of 6 3 /i~2 s /i. Although it was the inaugural match and the ponies were green, the contest was snappy and exciting, and the play, for the most part, was close. In the photograph the players are, left to right, Harry Hastings (White), Elliott McAllis- ter (Red), Harry Hunt (White), Captain Will Tevis (White) and Captain Walter Hobart (Red). w Wm »v/ I A 15 ORDER TROOPER AND 1113 PRIZE Occasionally our boys along the Mexican front had something to do besides drill and dig. The picture shows Sergeant W. Henderson, of Troop M, Fifth Cavalry, and about his shoulders is the hide of a bear which he shot while on a hunting excursion into the Sierra Madre moun- tains opposite El Valle. Others of his party bagged four deer. igMeE /- . — — > WHERE KING WINTER’S REIGN IS POPULAR In thinking of Montreal one naturally links this gay Canadian metropolis with winter sports. In no place is cold weather welcomed by the lovers of out-of-door entertainment with more fervor than there. The picture shows a party of snowshoe enthusiasts. I'OPTHIGIIT INT’l. PlUf SKI JUMPING IS FINE Skiing is the sport which re- quires everything in the makeup of the real, thirty-third degree athlete — muscle, nerve and skill, and nowhere are more sensa- tional feats performed than in I he northern portion of our own Middle West, particularly in Min- nesota. Wisconsin and Michigan. SUMMER’S DEAD, r,ONG DIVE KING WINTER! SNOW-SHOEING IS EXHAUSTING Could there be a more appropriate spot for these fair, frost-kissed damsels to rest and “picnic” than this wind-shielded spot at the top of a snow-covered crest in the White Mountains? TAKING A SHORT TURN Coasting at Tuxedo Park, N. V'., one of the finest locations in the country for winter sports, and now generally spoken of as the “St. Moritz of America. ” At Christmas ’twill be a matter of but small moment to the Ameri an lover of winter sports if at St. Moritz the sky be blue, the sun bright, and the snow covering the tennis courts at the Kulm Hotel be full 40 inches deep. Naught will they care that the weather at Kandersteg is perfect for curling, or that conditions for skating and skiing never were more favorable at Engelbcrg or Adelboden. For the time being, at least, the clash of the European nations has shut them off from Switzerland and the world famous resorts which dot the Alps. This year the out-of-doors children of Uncle Sam must nnd their pleasures at home, and though not many places here at an an altitude of from 4,000 to 6,000 feet are accessible during the reign it Jack Frost, as they are abroad, there are thousands of spots where the snow and ice will be all that could be desired by those who would skate, ski, toboggan, sled or follow the other sports with which winter should go hand in hand. Long have we excelled at summer sports. Now let us take advantage of the cold weather opportunities, which bring with them better health and a longer life. OUJ'TKICHT UNPtRW'Vl* 4r ODEBWOOU SOCIETY HAS MADE IT A FAD Skating, probably winter’s most healthful exercise, has been decreed the vogue by Dame Fashion for the cold weather months, and for once, at least, fetter health and a “craze” will go hand in hand. And unlike most pastimes, it is one suitable alike for old and young, with a guarantee of new life for every sweep of the steel blades. LBTICK FANCY SKATING VS. DANCING *mS? 2 . THE NEXT THING TO FLYING Would you like to skim five miles over the ice in less than eight min- utes? Yes? Then try ice yachting. For speed and the element of hazard it is approached only by skiing and tobogganing, but, as a thrill producer, it stands by itself. It is a favorite sport in many sections, but it has been upon the Hudson and the Shrewsbury Rivers that most of the famous records have been made. GOLF’S WINTER-BORN BROTHER “ v,ul When the frost is on many things besides the pumpkin, and the snow lies inches deep upon the links, then does curling come into its own. It combines exercise with the fascination of a game re- quiring genuine skill, and each season finds its popularity on the increase in this country. Good-by tango! Farewell fox-trot! Jack Frost now is master of ceremonies and insists that you choose your partners for fancy skating. And ’tis well, for the graceful swings of the skaters, as they sweep and swirl over the ice, make the gyrations of the followers of Terpsichore appear clumsy by comparison. Irving Brokaw, formerly the international champion fancy skater, is shown in the photograph with a partner. 8T. PAUL 0. C. ABS'N A VENTS ON SKATES Miss Mary Rowe, a bewitching fairy of the ice, who won premier honors as a fancy skater. BROWN A SNOW PRINCESS One of the prettiest of the thousands of beautiful damsels whose attractive costumes gave the true artistic touch to St. Paul’s great joy week. 8T. PAOL 0. C. AHfi’N A REAL THRILLER One of the most startling events of the big week was an exhibition by Axel Hendrickson, champion fancy ski jumper of the world, recovering his poise after a somersault on skis. More than $250,000 was spent by the city for the entertainment of the resi- dent participants and their guests, all of whom wore unique costumes befitting the occasion. In addition to gorgeous pageants and elaborate illumination, the program included every form of winter sport, with prizes for the winners in each class. A BOOSTER WORTH WHILE Louis W. Hill, president of the St. Paul Outdoor Sports Carnival As- sociation, and a gay party of friends, about to descend one °f t * ie s * x toboggan slides erected for the festival. Mr. Hills splendid efforts to make the carnival a success have caused his friends to urge him to become ■+«, a candidate for Mayor. ALL HAIL HER MAJESTY Even the shimmering rays of Old Sol reflected from the city’s ice-coated turrets paled against the radiance of Miss Camille Burgess, Queen of the Carnival, shown herewith as she entered the «ce fort on Harriet Island, at the head of her joyous subjects. THEY’RE OFF Although Jack Frost still hangs around. And snow in places dots the ground. The winter’s over, just the same. That is — for you and me. For southward toward the training camp, The players now begin to vamp. To tunc up for the dear old game. Baseball — a toast to thee. , LIVING REALTY THE BOUNCE < The somewhat unusual honor paid their queen by the members of the Glacier Fark Marching Club was but one of the hundred and more features of the recent ten-day carnival at St. Paul. Of course we know the same old dope Will northward float to give us hope, That we’ve a pennant team at last— These spring yarns always do. We’ll read our vets are playing strong. That not a rookie can go wrong, So let’s embrace the gay forecast And nurture it, aye, hold it fast E’en though the fall our dream shall blast. Baseball — Here’s how” to you- UIUNAL FILM HERVICB WHY GO ABROAD FOR SKIING? At Tuxedo, N. Y., the society colony, winter sports are re- ceived with acclamation. Mrs. J. N. Rutherford and Ernest Des Bailiets are two of the enthusiasts always willing to risk a tumble in a drift for the joy of the sport. Ice skating, fun enough alone, is the more enjoyable when it is made a part of a fast and ex- citing game. Hockey requires skill and endurance, accuracy and agility, but as exercise it is supreme and as a winter sport it is not surpassed. The ice at Poland Springs, Me., provide those near it with a chance to enjoy the game, and the young men were not slow to take advantage of the op- portunity. HOUSE RACING ON THE ICE ENTERTAINS THE TURF FANS N. Y , sees several horse racing meets each winter and some fast horses show their pact i for the benefit ol spectators. The picture shows the close finish of an exciting race in which regular racing gigs were used. A COLLEGE EDUCATION CONQUERS MOUNTAINS At Dartmouth College the winter is welcomed by the Outing Club, of which the members, each year, attempt an ascent of Mt. Washington, 6,293 feet high. Three of the last six pears’ attempts have been successful; last year 33 of 35 men reached the summit. COPYRIGHT UNDERWOOD A- CVDEKWOO® IT IS ALWAYS TENNIS TIME IN THE SUNNY SOUTHERN STATES For those who have never learned to care for ear-muffs and snow-shoes, the lawn at Hot Springs, Va., provides golf courses and tennis courts. The southern resorts attract each winter large numbers of sport-lovers who miss their exercise when snow covers the putting green and hides the tennis tapes. PRE88 ILLUSTRATIN'; BOW AND ARROW AGAIN TO T HE FORE Archery, one of the most ancient of all sports, once again is becoming the vogue, and the near future should see innumerable modern Robin Hoods bending the yew in all parts of the United States. The picture shows some of the country’s most skilful archers shooting at a popular Philadelphia tournament. They are, from left to right, Dr R. P. Elmer, champion of the United States, W. H. Hinckle Schuster, G. W. Watts, E. E. Trout. A. C. Hale and T. Truxton Hare. CRIMSON EIGHTS SHATTERED RECORDS AND OUTROWED YALE BEAUTY TO T1IE FORE IN PORTO RICO ATHLETICS Emulating their more muscular brothers, who have made a splendid showing in the athletic world since they came under the protection of Uncle Sam, the fair sex of Porto Rico are making enviable records in the “gym" and on fie'd and track. The picture shows the basket-ball groups of the Rio Piedras University, whose skill in various games equaled that of older and more experienced players. They seem as thoroughly American as our own college girls. THE BLEACHER FAN Out yonder ’neath the blist’ring sun. Upon a bleacher plank. He sits, the real king of the game. And none disputes his rank. Sans coat and collar, stern of mien. He urges on the fray; The outside world means naught to him. He lives but for the play. The game grows tense, the pop-eyed fan Eats peanuts by the peck — To cries barbaric he gives tongue, Naught can his ardor check. He tells this player when to hit. And that one when to steal; His team behind, he roars good cheer; Ahead — his wild shouts peal. Throuqh thick and thin . you bet that he Is always at his post; Of all the rooters , 'tls a cinch , The players love him most . Harvard swept the Thames in the annual races, beating Yale in the three eight-oared events. In the Varsity race, shown in the picture, the Crimson won by four lengths in a new record of 20m. 2s., wiping out that of 20m. 10s. made in 1888 by Yale. The losers’ time was 20m. 7s. The Harvard freshmen also established a new record, crossing the line a length ahead of che “Old Eli” crew in 9m. 36 3-5s. The previous record, made by Yale in 1906, was 9m. 37 l-5s METROPOLITAN POLICE DISPLAY MILITARY SKILL For many months the members of the New York police force have been trained carefully in the “arts of war,” and at a splendid exhibition before Governor Whitman and 25,000 spectators at Sheepshead Bay they displayed marvelous proficiency. Two events which won the most commendation were a sham battle and displays of swordsmanship by the mounted men. Of these latter the melee contest, shown in the picture, was the feature CLIFF MARKLE A PAIR OF STAR TWIRLERS FRED ANDERSON Ever hear of a ballplayer pitching for his health? No? Well Fred Anderson, star boxman of the Giants, did it. Some years ago, when studying dentistry, he was a Red Sox tosser. Then he put aside the spangles to become a real ex- tractor in his old Georgia home, but business became so brisk that his health broke down. He returned to the diamond for his physical well being, and as a Fed and New York twirler, not only regained his vigor but became one of the game’s most dependable mound performers. When, in 1913, Cliff Markle was turned back by the Reds because of his peculiar delivery, he was a downcast youth indeed. To-day few big-time pitchers are happier. ■ MORE POWER TO THEM baktu bdmao or idbcatioh The Stars and Stripes and baseball go hand iii hand, and wherever the sons of Uncle Sam penetrate, there will you find America’s national pastime played. The game followed Old Glory to Manila, and has done more for the cause of civilization there than any other single agency. At the top is the champion team of the province of Cebu, and the members of this outfit are said to be among the most skilful handlers of the bat and ball in the Far East. The picture below shows a championship game of baseball played bjr members *f the Tipas and Oroquieta girls’ schools, two of the best-known educational institutions in the Philippines. The players’ ages range from 10 to 16 years and they are amazingly clever at this sport. KTROXEN CROSS COUNTRY CHAMPION Game little Viller Kyronen (left), the star of the Millrose A. A., of New York, was crowned America’s cross country king properly when he won the senior National A. A. U. championship run under deplorable conditions at Van Cortlandt Park, and hung up a new record of 32 m. 46 s. Hannes Koleh- mainen (right), also a Finn, and head of the 1912 Olympic games, finished second, 75 yards behind. The run wa» through a blinding rain and deep mud. E. SCOTT, STAR SHORTSTOP Scott, shortstop of the Boston Red Sox, and hero of the 1916 world series, in that year’s festivities hung up one of the greatest fielding averages ever made by a player in that position. He took part in 121 games, made 217 pu touts and 339 assists and had but 19 errors. His per- centage was .967. NEW ENGLAND’S ONLY GIRL HOCKEY TEAM WTKBNATI0NAL F,LM Each season is strenuous for the Boston Girls’ Hockey Club, the only one of its kind in New England, which will meet all challengers of either sex, at the Boston Arena. The young women are all sound athletes and expert pushers of the puck, and their supporters believe they will defeat most opponents. They are, top (left to right), Mary Campbell, Helen Sheehan and Frances Goldberg: seated, Mildred Conley, Catherine McDougal, Ruth Denesha, Captain Gertrude Hawkes and Lena Douchette. SCOTLAND’S ANCIENT SPORT FINDS FAVOR HERE To date the United States has kept out of the titanic conflict raging in Europe, but Uncle Sam has not been able to prevent those who have come from the other side engaging in contests here. Recent lv teams- representing the North and South of Scotland, living in New York, definitely settled 11 the question as to which was the superior at curling. The men from the North won f the match. , ^ RIVALS THE SWAN IN GRACE Some of the best profes- sional fancy divers have been developed in the Middle West in recent years, but the general opinion there is that for all-round grace and beauty of style, none excel Helen Osborne, of Chicago, shown in the above r ictures doing the swan and ihe hand stand dive. YOUTHFUL MARKSMEN MAKE NEW RECORD Rifle team of the Michigan Agricultural College, wnicn was awarded the intercollegiate championship by the National Rifle Association. In 12 matches the team shot perfect scores of 1,000 points each. In the 13th the score was 998, and the total of 12,998 set a new world’s record. Members of the team are: top — J. A. Berry, captain, H. W. Sheldon. A. J. Patch; second row — Sergt. P. J. Cross, U. S. A., coach, F. H. Utley, R. D. Kean, J. Pate, M. M. Harman. Lieut. Ira Langanecker, U. S. A., commandant; bot- tom — R W Berridgr S W Harman. R A Pennington. R M Shane. M. R. Freeman • INTUMTIuOiL rm FINALISTS IN INDOOR TENNIS CHAMPIONSHIPS Elliot Binzen, of Fordham University, (left), and H. B. O’Boyle, of Georgetown University, were the finalists in the 1916 National Indoor Tennis Championship, which was won by the former. Both contestants have well-deserved records as skilful wielders of the racquet. CEVTHA1. .N EWS ROUGH RIDING INDEED Down at Palm Beach, Florida, where the snow- ball ever is conspicuous by its absence, a new diversion has found favor with the smart set wintering at that famous resort. They call it “sea horse riding,” and though, as the picture indicates, there is but a faint resemblance to a thoroughbred in the steeds, those who have learned to govern th^m declare that bronco breaking is easy by comparison. Races be- tween expert riders of the “sea horses” are a feature of the weekly sport pro- grams. PACH photo news POPYKimiT UNDERWOOD Sr UNDERWOOD PREPARING FOR THE 1917 ROWING SEASON While you are all bundled up in furs and are keeping on the move to prevent the frost from nipping at your toes and ears, do you ever think of the army of young athletes who are working indoors with might and main to preoare entertainment for you next summer? The picture shows the candidates for posts on the rowing crews of Columbia University, who responded to the mid-winter call of Coach Rice. OF KING WINTER IN THE REALM visitors who journey to this mighty natural theatre to skate, toboggan, snowshoe or indulge in other cold weather sports. The picture shows a bit of Lake Placid, one of the most picturesque bodies of water in the entire mountains. The Adirondacks in winter are the complete fulfillment of the dreams of lovers of the great out-of-doors when snow and frost hold sway Here nature paints her masterpieces, A YOUTHFUL AIR KING Herbert Wolf, the eighteen-year-old Oakland boy, who, in flights at Ingleside Beach, San Francisco, set up a new time record for amateurs when he made ten figure eights in ten minutes. FAIR SEX SKILFUL WITH THE FOILS Fencing receives its yearly boom when Jack Frost curtails greatly the number of sports in the open. Each year wie ders of the foils are carrying out an elaborate program of cham- pionship contests in vari- ous parts of the country under the auspices of the Amateur Fencers’ League. The picture shows three well-known American women fencers. Dr. Alice Gregory (left). Miss Anna Pellew and Mrs. Charles H. Voorhees, winner ot the women’s championship. PIPP, LEADING RUN-MAKER Walter Pipp, first baseman of the Yankees, can look back upon 1916, the 23d year of his existence and his second season in major league base- ball, with more than pardonable pride. He tied with Veach, of the Tigers, for the sacrifice fly honors, led in home run clouts with 12 to his credit, and headed all other American League hitters in batting in runs with a total of 99. BRESNAHAN TENNEY KEELER international fiimbekvic* FOOTBALL IN THE SHADOW OF MARS This unusual photo was taken during a game at Saloniki in which, after a desperate struggle, the Hercules team, of that city, hitherto unbeaten, was defeated, two goals to one, by a team from H. M. S. . We’d like to tell you the name of the vessel, but, unfortunately, the British censor interfered with his blue pencil. A MODERN SAMSON A sensation of the college athletic world is "Mike” Dorizas, the gigantic Greek student of the University of Pennsylvania, who not only holds the intercollegiate heavyweight wrestling champion- ship, but has shattered all the intercollegiate records in the strength tests. BUT— He‘s just about the freshest kid Who ever joined our team, And when he brags about himself His talk flows like a stream. He boasts rom sunup until eve, He thinks he knows it all, But — I’ll take off my hat to him, He sure can clout the ball. A BRAZI LI AN WATER SPRITE .cbisu.l.. Carmen Lydia, of far-away Rio de Janeiro, though not yet fourteen years old, already has performed such startling aquatic feats that the South American sporting public has nicknamed her the “ Brazilian Kellermann.” Though a classic dancer by profession, i etite Carmen has made swimming her chief interest, and no feat of diving or distance swim has been too dangerous for her to undertake She is here shown jumping from the Presidential Bridge into the Bay of Guanabara, at Rio. When he came to us from the “sticks,” He surely made us grin, His funny, little freckled face Was homelier than sin. If he’d learned anything at school, He’d clean forgot it all, But — we forgot those handicaps When he just slammed the ball. THE WEST IS PROUD OF THESE BOYS . * ««... For the fourth time in five seasons the University of Wisconsin basketball team won the Western Conference Championship, and their appearance would indicate that they were physically able to continue their excellent efforts indefinitely. In the seasons of 1911 12 and 1913-14 the Badgers had ),000 per cent, records, and in the five seasons won seventy-six and lost but six games. Dr. Walter E. Meanwell, of Balti more, the coach, who took charge of the team in 1911, is credited with being the best in his line in this country The picture shows, top row, Levis, Chandler, Carlson, McIntosh, Morris. Middle row, Ruder, manager, Simpson, Olsen, Dr. Meanwell, coach. Bottom row, Meyers, Haasm, captain, Smith. HARGBEAVE* GREATEST SCHOOL- BOY SPRINTER Out of the Far West has come another wonderful youthful athlete. He is Evan Pearson, 19 years old, a junior at the North Central High School, of Spokane, Wash., and his ac- complishments give prom- ise of a great future for him as a sprinter. In 1915, at Stagg’s meet in Chicago, he won the 100-yd. dash, was second in the 220 and 440, making him the point win- ner of the occasion. Next year three timers caught him at 9 4-5s. for the 100- yd. dash, a new interscho- lastic record. He has run 220 in 22 1-5 s RBLT 8t WAT A WORLD’S FAVORITE AT PLAY Don’t recognize him in this costume, eh? Thought you wouldn’t. But it is John Philip Sousa, the “American March’’ king, just the same. Occasionally he lays aside his baton for his gun, and with the latter has become one of the country’s crack trap shooters. His home contains many trophies bearing testimony to his skill, in- I eluding the medal he won recently at the tourna- ment of the Coney Island Industrial Bureau, when he made 88 out of 90 shots. Mr. Sousa learned to — shoot with the Washington (D. C.) boy* as soon as he could hold a gun, his first weapon being fash- ioned from an old army carbine by his father. V ENT&AI* ' 1W8 A NEW DIVING VENUS Miss Mae Stewart, of St. Louis, National woman cham- pion for the two-mile river swim, is the newest aspirant for the crown of Annette Kellermann. She is particularly proficient at high and fancy diving, and in the picture i-= shown making the swan dive, considered one of the most graceful by all swimmers. THOM> R. Norris Williams Dave Davenport William K. Rodgers Urban Shocker SETBACK FOR CALIFORNIA TENNIS CRACKS UNDERWOOD A UNDERWOOD The East was arrayed against the West in the big tournament of the West Side Tennis Club, held at Forest Hills, L. I ., and the former won by a wide margin, the famous California players getting their worst setback in a long time. In the greatest duel since the Davis Cup contest in 1914, R. Norris Williams, 2nd, bested the national champion, William M. Johnston, who but a few days previous had won the Longwood Cup, at the Longwood Cricket Club, near Boston. Williams beat Johnston three out of five sets. In the doubles the West scored its only victory, retaining the championship, William M. Johnston and Clarence J. Griffin besting Karl Behr and Frederick B. Alexander three sets out of four. I JOE TI.N ilEH MORDECAI BROWN PRANK SCHULTE MISS JOSEPHINE BARTLETT MISS CLAIRE GALLIGAN COURTESY OP RAN D LET THEY OUTDO THE MERMAIDS Miss Josephine Bartlett, home New York City, age twenty, has been swimming but four years, yet at the 1915 Sports- man’s Show at Madison Square Garden she dived every night for one week from scratch, meeting all comers in handicap dives, and won the championship of the United States and the Annette Kellermann trophy by more than 30 points. She also has held the championship of the National Women’s Life Saving League for three successive years. At the age of eleven Miss Bartlett dislocated her hip joint, which was followed by a double curvature of the spinet ’Twas more than a year before she again could walk normally. Then she took up athletics. So you see when a woman wills no handicaps can check her. (NTI&NaTIONaL PILM SERVICE Graceful Miss Claire Galligan, of New Rochelle, N. Y., in the first Women’s National Swimming Championship held under the auspices of the A. A. U., won the title in the 500-yard race ir 8 nvnutes, 5 1-5 seconds, and by more than four lengths of the twentv-yard tank ahead of her nearest rival. She also was victor in the 100-yard handicap race from scratch, despite starts of from twelve to forty seconds given her competitors. UNCLE SAM COULD USE If anyone has a neat job of sharpshooting he wants done he should obtain the services of Adolph Topperwein and his wife, of San Antonio, Texas, among the most remarkable handlers of the rifle, shotgun and revolver in the world. On thirteen oc- casions Topperwein has broken the world’s flying target rifle records and he shot for ten successive days at 2^ inch blocks AN ARMY LIKE THESE thrown into the air at a distance of twenty-five feet and missed but four out of the first 50,000 and only nine out of the entire 72,500. His highest straight run was 14,540. Mrs. Topperwein, is considered the most expert woman shot in the world. One day, in four hours and thirty-five minutes of consecutive shooting she broke 961 out of 1,000 targets, thrown at unknown angles. INTERNATIONAL FILM 8EMTICE WASHINGTON SMART SET’S NEWEST FAD Among the featured entries at a popular society circus at the nation’s capital was Stoneihurst Luchs, a police dog, who is shown gracefully taking a ten-foot “wall,” with hi~ owner, Miss Ann Tracy, well known in Washington’s smart set, looking on. SOME RELIEF The cannons roared in thund’rous tones. The shells about him broke; The air was thick with noxious gas, All round was choked with smoke. He tossed his cigarette away, And then picked up his gun, Then at a signal, double quick, He took it on the run. Across the shot -scarred battlefield, While shrapnel passed him by; He charged straight for a gun-crowned trench. And never winked an eye. He laughed, as down the other side. With rapid strides he plunged; And then about, with bayonet. He swiftly struck and lunged. The day was won, they cheered his grit, But, carelessly, said he: “A baseball umpire once was /, This thing is play for me." THE PONIES AGAIN IN THE LIMELIGHT A stirring moment in the first game of the great polo tournament at the Whitney field, Aiken, South Carolina, between the Pine Tree and Aiken Polo Clubs. Plans, already well matured, indi- cate that this sport will achieve a greater vogue in America each year. In the army, in particular, efforts will be made to gr e the game a tremendous boom. QUEENS OF 1HE RACKET Molla Bjurstedt, on the right, the clever Norwegian miss whose sen- sational tennis accomplishments made her the national indoor and outdoor champion, successfully de- fended her honors in tennis at the annual invitation tournament at Brooklyn. Mrs. S. F. Weaver, at the left, was defeated in straight sets by the champion in the first day of play. Later the Norwe- gian miss added to her laurels at the Women’s National Tennis Championship Tournament, at the Seventh Regiment Armory, New York. In most of her games she followed her well-known slashing style of play, and only upon rare occasions was she hard pressed by opponents. THEY COULD GIVE POINTERS TO THE FISHES World’s champion swimmers sunning them- selves on the beach at Waikiki, Honolulu. On the left is Ludy Langer, of the University of California, holder of the world’s amateur record for the 440-yards swim and the Ameri- can national champion at 500 yards, 800 yards, and one mile. Next to him is Duke Kahana- moku, of th" Hui Nalu Club of Honolulu, the world’s champion at 50, 100 and 200 yards and Olympic champion at 100 meters. The lady is Miss Frances Cowells, of San Francisco, Pacific Coast woman champion at all distances from 50 to 350 yard-5, and at the right is N. Peterson, Langer’s trainer and a professional high diver. IT’S UP TO YOU. JOHN season near, We expect a lot from you, John McGraw, John McGraw. shall not jeer. And likewise your Giant crew, John McGraw, John McGraw, time ago, For somehow the big time show When your Giants, as you know. Finished last— a bitter blow, Filling many hearts with woe, John McGraw. Lacks its spice when they go slow They've no business in last row. Get together, let 'er go, John McGraw. TENNIS IN THE FAR EAST Dawson and Griffin, two of California’s favorite sons, defeating Kumagae and Yamasaki on the courts at Tokyo in a match before an audience of Japanese dignitaries. In the singles Griffin, after a hard battle, was defeated by Kum- agae, the champion of the Orient. Elinor Estes Dorothy Klump YOUTHFUL SWIMMING MARVELS Never in the history of modern athletics have so many children been taught to take care of them- selves in the water as at the pres- ent time, and the results obtained arc worthy of the objective. Two little ones who have profited much in this respect are Elinor Estes, 3'A years old, of Orlando, Florida, and 7-year-old Dorothy Klump, of Philadelphia. The former, known as the “champion baby swimmer of Florida," can swim 25 feet at a stretch, dives perfectly, floats and makes her way under water with eyes open. Dorothy swam across the Schuylkill River, at Lafayette, and back, 320 yards, with hands and feet tied. ’L FILM SERVICE YOUNGS ERS AS HORSE SHOW WINNERS At the 23d annual Westchester County Horse Show, at Gedney Farm, White Plains, N. Y., a famous gathering place for lovers of the horse, Miss Marion Healy, on Llwyn Jess (left), was awarded first prize for ponies 13 hands or under, ridden by children; and Miss Evelyn Hall McManus, on Lady Fan (right), received the second award. COPYRIGHT UNIQUE INDEED IS THIS GOLF COURSE First game on the new municipal golf course, at Elmwood Park, Omaha, Neb., which was opened in 1916, and which enjoys the \ distinction of being the only one in existence on which an Wk\ entire game may be fol- lowed by automobile. Eddie Mensor [fERWOOD 4b Doug” Baird Sherwood Magee Herding the back to nature” call, five young women, all well known in the smart sets of their respective home towns, barefooted and clad in light walking dresses, completed a 100- mile hike from South Woodstock, Conn., to Sharon, Mass., camping along the way and occasionally imitating Psyche’s famous brook-gazing feat. They are, from left to right, Madeline Haff. of Kansas City; Georgia Sprague, New York; Margaret Chamberlaine, Dobbs Ferry, N. Y.; Vivian Johannes, Stevens Point, la., and Mary Gavin, Indianapolis. Zack Wheat V * /m f- L /'?*■ “*1 * " : 'XirW’ "SMILING BILL’* The fellow worth while, so the rhymstors all say. Is he who can smile though things don't go his way. Hard luck and adversity can’t make him frown. He'll ne'er take the count even though he's knocked down. A soldier — he charges, but never retreats, In the end he should conquer, surmounting defeats. A lad such as this heads the game Yankee clan, “ Smiling Bill " the fans call him — last name, Donovan When the season was young, no cloud was in sight. His team was a winner, the prospects were bright ; With a smash and a dash, it rushed to the lead, It seemed that no rival could e’er check its speed. But "there's many a slip,” a wise man once said With a crash the spurt ended, the sunshine had fled Each star man was injured, till all were laid low. But Bill kept a grinning and hustling you know. As game as they make 'em, he stuck to his task. And fought all the harder — no more could one ask. DC T All MON M OULD S SPEEDIEST BOAT All world's speed records for boats were shattered to bits when “Miss Minneapolis,” built and owned by Smith brothers, of Algonac, Mich., set a new record at the twenty-second annual regatta of the Inter-Lake Yachting Association at Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie, O., by covering a twenty- mile course at the rate of 66^3 miles an hour. Her propeller averaged 2,200 revolutions a minute. They’re hoping you win out, each fan to a man. They’re rooting for you, "Smiling Bill” Donovan. INTERNATIONAL FILM SERVICE FOB HE'S A JOLLY GOOD FELLOW In addition to his other admirable qualities, Charles E. Hughes is an enthusiastic baseball fan. In Detroit, while on a speaking tour through the Middle West, he took sufficient time from his campaigning to watch a game between the Tigers and Athletics. Mr. Hughes is pictured standing on the roof of the Detroit Club’s dug-out, shaking hands with the players of both teams. COLEMAN DOWNES M INS ANOTHER C HAMPIONSHIP At the annual national A. A. U. swimming competitions at the South Shore Country Club, Chicago, A1 E. Downes, of the New York A. C., won the high dive for men from a field of worthy competitors. He has been the national and metropolitan champion for four years, and has been competing for twenty-two years. To win this championship “Al” was compelled to excel in the back dive and back somersault from an elevation of sixteen feet, and a standing and running forward dive from a board thirty feet above the water, and six voluntary dives, the styles left to the competitor’s choice. ON THE WAR PATH At last John K. Tener, president of the National League, is in a position to protect his umpires to the limit. The conduct of certain players of an Eastern team at Last became such that the good name of the sport was in jeopardy, and the executive called a special meeting of the club presidents to consider the case. He was given full authority to rule with a rod of iron, and in future he will see that the parent league is as free from umpire baiters among the players as the American League has been since its inception. TEACHING THE FAIR With the idea of assisting young women to learn something of the art of the woodsman and to stimulate their athletic tendencies, the Y. W. C. A. has established Camp Bluefields at Palisade Interstate Park, on the side of South Mountain, SEX M T OODCR AFT press illustrating CO. N. Y., formerly used by the State as a rifle range. The cost to each damsel is less than $4 a week, and splendid results have been accomplished. The picture shows a bevy of campers after a hike preparing a fire for a “bacon treat.” Wade Killifer Christy Mathewson INT’L FILM ON A TRANSCONTINENTAL SPIN To prove that women are an important factor in national preparedness and efficiency, Misses Adeline and Augusta Van Buren of New York, descendants of Martin Van Buren, once President of the United States, started from the Metropolis to San Francisco on the first motorcycle trip across the continent ever attempted by women. BINKLEY CHAMPION WATER NYMPHS OP THE U. S. A. Beauty and skill combined constituted the principal feature of the great championship swimming races at San Francisco at which gathered practically all of the country’s champions. Among the best-known of the fair sex were those shown in the photo, and they are (upper row, left to right) Ethel Daley and Frances Cowells, San Francisco; Claire Galligan, New York; Mabel Green, San Francisco, and Bernice Lone, Honolulu; ( bottom row) Olga Dorfner and Agnes Huber, Philadelphia, and Miss G. Galligan, New York Miss Dorfner won the first 100- yards A. A. U. championship race for women, 1.08?^; Miss Claire Galli- gan second, and Miss Huber third. The 50-yards race for the Pacific coast championship was won by Miss Cowells, with Miss Daley second. Charley Herzog •‘GOOD-BY. MATTY. AND GOOD LUCK’* (A pal's tribute) The old Master's best days are ended, His shadow has passed o'er the hill; The mighty arm so long our boast Has lost both its cunning and skill. But he was a faithful soldier. For he served his full time — and more: And his years as king of pitchers, Why they numbered almost a score. We know that the fans will miss him, They loved him as player and man; But the real heart aches are felt by us — His pals of the Giants’ clan. We patted his shoulder at parting, We wished him good luck and God speed ; And we tried to stifle our feelings, But I fear we didn’t succeed. The tears would moisten the eyelids. For he was a friend worth while: May his future pathway be rose strewn. With sunshine throughout each mile. WAR IS NOT ALWAYS WHAT SHERMAN SAID IT WAS ‘"‘■ nL “ At Saloniki, where forces representing the Entente allies, many men encamped for many weeks. I ture shows some two dozen clever acrobats among Great Britain's soldiers from India giving an The troops often were entertained by something other than the music of shot and shell. The pic- | impromptu circus for the benefit of their comrades. TWO DIAMOND FAVORITES IN THE LIMELIGHT George Burns, the modest and hard- working left fielder of the Giants, who last season led the National League in run making, with 105 to his credit on 174 hits, now has added a new record to his string. Recently he supplanted Tom Griffith, of the Reds, as the leader in consecutive games played. George has not missed a single game with his team since the opening of the 1915 season, his total when he upset the previous record being 318. Bums became a New York regular in 1913 and since that time has missed but eight games of the 630 played. Fred Merkle, long a player with the McGraw team and later with Brooklyn, has joined the Cubs to play first base in the place of Vic Saier, who broke his leg recently. ’Twas in 1908 when Merkle, by failing to touch second base in an all-important game with the Chicago Nationals, pulled the ‘bone* play which lost his team the pennant and, probably, the world’s championship. For years he was ridiculed and abused for the mistake, but refused to lose his nerve, and finally lived it down and became a genuine star. Last season he played 127 games at first with a fine fielding average of 986. The Cub management paid $13,000 to the Dodgers for Merkle’s contract. MERKLE BURNS COPYRIGHT UNDERWOOD * CNDtBWOOp BOSTON MARATHON WON BY VETERAN RUNNER Recently William 1. Kennedy, gray- haired but sturdy, stone mason by profession and athlete for recreation, put aside his working clothes, and journeying from his present place of employment at Pawtucket, R 1„ to Boston, entered as a member of the Morningside A. C., ol New York, for the annual twenty-five mile marathon road race from Ashland to Boston. And he won from a field of fifty younger men in 2 h 28 m. 37 l/5s., beating many celebrities YOUTHFUL SWIMMING PRODIGY SOON MAY BE NATIONAL CHAMPION Miss Gertrude Artell, a fourteen year-old swimming prodigy cf Philadelphia, created a sensation recently when she lowered the na- tional figure for sixty yards, doing the distance in 36.2 s. Previously the record was 36.5 s. Shortly after, she gave Miss Olga Dorfner a hard battle for the 100 yds. Middle Atlantic championship, fin- ishing second in lm. 12 4/5 s Experts believe she is the coming national woman swimming champion. RECORDS FALL AT PENN MEET As anticipated, the twenty-third annual athletic carnival at Franklin Field, Philadelphia, saw several new records hung up and was the greatest track event of the still young year. One of the most sensational performances was staged by Charles Larson, of Brigham Young University, whose running high jump of 6 ft. 5 3 8 in. bettered the national intercolle- giate record of 6 ft. 5 in. credited to Richards, representing Cornell, two years ago. Larson also attempted to displace Beeson’s world record of 6 ft. 7 5 16 in., and almost made it. COPY HIGH f UNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD KELLY SHATTERS 300 YARDS RECORD Andrew B. Kelly, of Holy Cross College, at the recent national indoor champion- ships, clipped four-fifths of a second from the old mark of 35 1 /5s. for the 300 yds. run. Kelly had keen competition from Landers, Lennon and Moore, every one of them a star. Later, in the century special, a 100 yds. dash, he defeated COPYRIGHT INTERNATIONA! FILM BERRY AN ALL-ROUND STAR J. Howard Berry, the versatile University of Pennsylvania athlete, established a pre cedent at the Penn meet when, for the third successive year, he won the pentath- lon. He captured first in the 1,500-metre race in 4.45; the javelin throw with 157 ft. 2 in., the broad jump with 20 ft. 7 3/4 inches and the 200 -metre race in 22 275a COPYRIGHT INTERNATIONAL FILM PENN FRESHMAN RELAY TEAM MAKES A NEW RECORD Howard P. Drew, for years national sprinting champion. Two heats were neces- sary. In the first they came to the tape pace for pace. In the other Kelly won by less than a foot. Time of both heats 10 l/5s. The University of Pennsylvania freshman relay team set a new record at the meet in the one mile championship race when it covered the distance in 3 m. 22 s. This was 3 4/5s. better than the record set in 1913 by the Penn freshman team when the great Ted Meredith ran the anchor leg. The record-breaking team, from right to left, includes Davis, Hough. Maxam and Ebv. anchor man. and was third in the discus throw. A TRANl TK 1 P HARDSHIPS AND PLEASURES OF MACADAM, MUD, SAND AND WATER PHOTOGRAPHS HY HAMILTON M. LAING IOWA’S CONTRIBUTION OF ROADS With black walnuts and maples lining its road, the monotony of the prairie is pleasantly varied A STOP IN TIME At the bank of the ravine, from over which the bridge has been washed away during some previous freshet. Such danger points are not always marked, and it behooves the motorist to exercise the utmost caution. FUEL IN PLENTY WITHIN EASY REACH The nights in Colorado are cool, and the sage brush fire furnishes a welcome warmth. The road, in many instances, is scarcely more than a hardly discernible path through the sage brush. FORDING AN IRRIGA- TION DITCH The practical sug- gestion is: “If shal- low, go easy; if deep, hit it hard.’’ STUCK IN A SEA OF SALT An unexpected mudspot in a salt plain near Great Salt Lake, Utah. It is only the running gear of the machine that prevents it from sinking further into the mud. A CAMEL WOULD BE AT HOME HERE Sand riding requires more skill than any other form of motor- cycle operation. Both legs must be extended, ready for the spill which is almost sure to come. However, a less serious fall can hardly be imagined. CALIFORNIA AT LAST How good real woods and blue lakes look now, as we slip down the western slope into this Mecca of campers and ether outdoor oeople. A ROADSIDE SHELTER A properly shaped canvas stretched between two ma- chines provided an excellent tent. THE GOOD ROADS OF PENNSYLVANIA A contrast to the deep sand and waterless wastes of the arid desert, which is the terror of all travelers not journeying by the “plush- covered” route. A GLIMPSE OF 1IOOSIER QUIET When the streams stay within their bounds, the dirt roads are uniformly good — but the banks are low, and sometimes the streams are high. COLORADO BRINGS THE REAL CLIMBING "But when the rider reaches the top, a fairy-land of beauty awaits him; the sky is a void of intense blue, and the air racy and sharp with the tang of spruce and pine.” “ ZOWIET ' ’ SHE’LL MAKE IT Full speed up the banks of a dry irrigation ditch is the only way to negotiate such a hazard without stalling the machine. COPT RIGHT UNDERWOOD A UNDERWOOD OVERTON AGAIN LEADS IN CROSS-COUNTRY RUN Although the harriers of Cornell University, in the long New Haven run, again stamped themselves as the inter- collegiate cross-country team champions, individual honors were retained by Yale, John W. Overton coming home first in this annual title event. The picture shows the start of the great hill-and-dale struggle, with Overton (Y. 201) directly in center. His time was 35 m. 30 4-5 s., nearly one minute faster than the previous time for this trail. AMERICAN ATHLETES HOME PROM SCANDINAVIA WITH 135 PRIZES Uncle Sam’s athletic team, which contested with great success in games ar- ranged by sport lovers of Norway and Sweden. The men competed in 49 events, and finished first in 23, second in 15 and third in 11. They took 135 prizes and were feted throughout their stay abroad. The team, left to right, is: Andy Ward, Bob Simpson, Joe Loomis, Fred Murray, Ted Meredith. SHINING LIGHTS OP THE NATIONAL PASTIME Two major league players who won niches in the base- ball Hall of Fame in the 1916 season were Arthur Wilson and Thomas Grif- fith. The former caught for the Pirates and Cubs, participating in 73 games, ^ A. Wilson and ma i£i n g 307 putouts T • Griffith and 80 assists against 13 errors. The feat which distinguished him from all other National League backstops was going through 28 consecutive games without an error or a passed ball. Griffith won his laurel wreath bv playing his second complete season in the Red’s right field a total of 315 games in one position. In the season just closed he took part in 155 games, making 238 putouts, 28 assists and but 9 errors. COPYRIGHT PACH PHOTO HEWS AFTER SEVEN YEARS. YALE DEFEATS HARVARD Before the greatest crowd which ever gathered to witness a sporting event in an inclosure in the history of athletics in this country, Yale, in 1916, defeated Harvard by a 6-3 score in the great Bowl at New Haven. It was a great struggle, worthy of the crowd which watched and the modern gladiators who fought. Tad Jones proved his ability by making it possible for Captain Black and his men to bridge a gap of seven years and beat an eleven from Cambridge for the first time since 1909, despite the cleverness of Percy D. Haughton. Misplays by both teams resulted in scores. Robinson booted a field goal for Harvard in the first period, and in the second a fumble by Le Gore, recovered by Gates, won a touchdown. miTlMIIIMI OUTDOOR SPORTS by ED A. GOEWEY (the old fan) ■■Hi TWENTY-FIRST MEETING BETWEEN ARMY AND NAVY WON BY FORMER More than 50,000 soldiers, sailors and civilians eagerly witnessed the clash between the Army and Navy at the Brush Stadium, New York, in which the cadets won from the middies by a 15-7 score. When the conflict was but a few seconds old Elmer Oliphant, of Washington. Ind., clasped the leather at his own 10 -yard line, and, aided by his team mates' splendid interference raced about 87 yards, almost the length of the field, to plant the ball in the shadow of the Navy goal posts. After a bad start the Annapolis men came back in whirlwind fashion, but could not overcome the handicap the Army had raised against them. In the center of the picture are the West Point rooters. Those for the Navy are on the opposite side of the field. by JAMES H. HAKE, special war photographer for Leslie's |- . _ -ym ■ -UPl 'I ~ r > JkiL r : j&mi YOU MIGHT THINK THE ENGLISH WERE TIRED OF FIGHTING But Mr. Hare writes that evidently they are not, for no events were more applauded than the fistic encounters in three rings. Sergeant Curzon, who had just received a Distinguished Conduct Medal, knocked out Private Hague, one-time champion of England, in the third, and Jack Goldswaite of the Surrey Rifles defeated Sergeant-Major Jack Meekins, who had come all the way from France. Stoker Green did up Sergeant Fickett in six rounds. BANK HOLIDAY CARNIVAL More than 50,000 people sat through a long athletic pro- gram at Stamford Bridge Grounds, in London, and enjoyed the sports even though it rained at intervals. The contestants were all members of His Majesty's Service, and they were not novices either. Many famous sportsmen were given a few days’ leave from the front to compete, and the handicaps were carefully arranged by the A. A. A. Board. The Canadians were well represented, the Twenty-ninch Vancouver bat- talion winning the relay" race, while Private W. Patchell of the Twenty-seventh was third in a 100-yard dash that was run in 10 x-5 seconds over a soggy track. Many convales- cent soldiers were among the spectators. The proceeds went to the fund for disabled soldiers and sailors. MOPPET I JOHN E. BRUCE. THE “SUN- SHINE OF BASEBALL* * Every follower of the National pastime is familiar with the like- nesses and names of Messrs. John son, Tener and Herrmann, but only a comparatively few are equally familiar with genial John E. Bruce, of Cincinnati, secretary of the National Commission, who for many years has kept track of every incident in baseball, from the distribution of the world's series’ profits to the salary claims of the bush league players. Mr. Bruce has been secretary since the inception of the commission, has prepared the twelve annual reports, has actended every world’s series game, helped to oversee them, handled all of the moneys and paid the players, clubs, umpires, etc. In addition he has accounted for all funds spent in the various city series played un- der the commission’s rules, and maintains a perfect card system of every player who has entered organized baseball since the com- mission was organized and every happening of the slightest mo- ment to the governing powers of the game. His has been the all- seeing eye which has noted every- thing, and he has recorded more baseball history than any other man ever connected with the pastime. PLANNING FOR THE 1916 BASEBALL WAR Here are two really worth-while commanders arranging the preliminaries for the mighty strife which the sons and daughters of Uncle Sam like best. They are Captain “Til” Huston, one of the owners of the New York Yankees, and “Smiling Bill” Donovan, manager of the club, conferring at the spring training camp, at Macon, Ga. Donovan has been provided with a great team. Captain Huston is a celebrated engineer. A DIAMOND SET IN GOLD WITHIN THE ARCTIC CIRCLE Here is a picture of the “farthest north” baseball game ever played. It was staged 100 miles with- in the Arctic Circle in the world’s most northerly mining camp, at Kayun- kuk, Alaska, where space for a diamond was cleared on a gold claim. Among the spectators in the back- ground are a few of the fair sex shielding themselves from the sun’s rays under umbrellas. l.\T*..e>ATlOSAL ril.M ANOTHFR OF NEPTUNE’S DAUGHTERS In Clga Dorfner, who easily won the 100-yard swimming race at Phila delphia from a large field in 1 m. 9 3-5 s., the world of sport has another mer- maid of remarkable skill. Her time was the fastest ever made by a woman in America. Incidentally the clever miss is accredited with being one of Uncle Sam’s prettiest athletes. A STRICTLY FAMILY AFFAItf The Sorlein brothers’ club, of Bode, Iowa, probably the most remarkable organization playing the national pas- time, should be given a prominent niche in baseball’s Hall of Fame. The team ks composed of nine brothers, and so clever are they at the game that they have de- feated all the amateur outfits in their section of the Mid- dle West. The oldest player, thirty-two years old, is vice-president of a bank, and the youngest, fifteen, still is in school. Other brothers are employees of banks or farmers. Some of the boys played on college teams. GEORGE KELLY Of all the youngsters who showed their best paces at the training camps in practice, the tall Californian easily ranked as the most brilliant star. A born ball player, if there ever was one, and a nephew of Bill Lange, the famous old time “slugger,” he was plucked from the bushes one season for the Giants. His fielding and speed were above par, but, unfor- tunately, he failed to live up to his hitting reputation and was dubbed “No Hit Kelly.” But the boy had pluck, re- fused to lose his nerve and, as a result, became the sensa- tion of the spring workouts. MISS DETROIT IS A SPEEDY MOTOR BOAT Miss Detroit, the motor boat built for a syndicate of Detroit enthusiasts, had no difficulty whatever in winniiig all three races for the Gold Challenge Cup in New York waters. Miss Detroit can make 57 miles an hour, but she did only one lap of five miles at the rate of 50 miles. The rules called for a novice driver and John Milot, who had never before handled a motor boat, was selected 10 minutes before the race started. He is expert in driving automobiles. MIDGET MASCOT There are almost as many mascots as there are clubs playing the great national pastime, but probably the most unusual' of all of this army of good-luck bringers is “Little Chief Meyers,’’ who gives h i s services to the New York Giants and the Yan» kees. “Little Chief” is a dwarf, less than three feet in height, and his name is Domi- nick Margo. Eighteen years ago he was bom in Naples, Italy. He has been employed as a “special policeman” in many theaters in New York. YOUTHFUL WONDER A 1 Mamaux, a 21-year- old youth, who in 1915 for the first time was given his regular turn in the box as a big league twirler, was the pitching sensation of the season. He ranked in the official averages as the best tosser in the game with a winning percentage of .783. He was 58 points ahead of “Alexander the Great” of the Phila- delphia Nationals, gen- erally considered the best pitcher of the present time, and 18 points in advance of “Smoky Joe” Wood, of the Boston Red Sox, premier flinger of the Johnson organiza- tion. ANOTHER "MIRACLE MAN” One of the most talked of men to-day in major league baseball circles is Wilbert Robinson, or “Uncle Robbie,” as he is more familiarly known, manager of the Superbas. When Robinson was appointed manager of the Brooklyn outfit in November, 1913, the team had finished a poor season, winding up in sixth place in the National League. T1IE OLDEST BASEBALL STAR AND THE "OLD FAN” Napoleon I.ajoie, the oldest baseball star still playing in the majors, discussing the national pastime with “The Old Fan.” “Nap” is one of the most popular performers in balldom. He was born at Woonsocket, R. I., in 1875. He first played with the Fall River club, of the New England League, from which he went to the Athletics in the late oo’s. RECORD BASEBALL CROWD If, as some persons have alleged, the European war has cut in somewhat upon the attendances at the big league ball games this year, there was nothing to support their contention at the formal opening in 1915, at Boston, of the new park that James E. Gaffney, owner of the Braves, erected for his club. At the initial game there were more than 47,- 000 fans in the park, many of whom had to stand in the field throughout the contest. This was the record attendance at a professional baseball game. MEEHAN PHILADELPHIA MERMAID WINS NEW LAURELS Miss Olga Dorfner, of the Quaker City, national title holder of the 50-yard and 100 -yard swimming championships, who recently equaled the world’s record of 29 seconds for the 50 -yard dash at the championship swimming meet of the Middle At- lantic Division of the Amateur Athletic Union, held St Philadelphia. Fannie Durack, of Australia, established the record in 1914. CRACK WOMEN HOWLERS TO INVADE EAST Bowlers of the East, look to your laurels, for the Cleveland, O., Women’s Bowling team, which has established an enviable record in the world of “strikes, poodles and spares** in the Middle West, has challenged you to defend your honors. All •f the young women are experts. Each asserts that she can roll 250 with one hand tied behind her back, and they anticipate that they will make a triumphant conquest of both the male and female teams of the Atlantic Coast. They are. from left to right. Miss Hazel Barks, Mrs. Jessie Marshall, Mrs. G. Grcnwald, Mrs. Marie Pearsall and Mrs. Grayce Garwood. MOORDBAO AMERICA'S LEADING HORSEWOMAN Miss Loula Long, of Kansas City, Mo., generally con- ceded to be the best horsewoman in America, is the daughter of R. G. Long, a wealthy lumberman, and has her own private racing track, a duplicate of the noted Memphis course, at her father’s $1,000,000 stock farm. Miss Long, who is pictured riding Narcy Garland, ha3 won more than 500 awards in the twe'.ve years she has been showing her horses. SO DIFFERENT Here in the North the winds still blow, And everywhere is slush and snow; Our thoughts are black and our spirits low It seems Old Winter’ll never go. But in old Dixie, far away, Fair Mistress Spring, in glad array, Welcomes with warmth the players all Preparing for the season’s call. Perhaps it was the same last year. Still Jack Frost brings to us no cheer. When he's about all things ate drear — Give us Onl Sol. for he's sincere. Yes, in the Southland vs v.ould be. Joining the baseb? 1 juo.l w. Watching our heroes run ant. ort-nce— But, can we go there? Not a cuauce. Up North the weary fans must wall. And try to dodge the rheumatism While care-free players in the South, Study their baseball catechism. COLLINS, BEST HITTER AMONG SECOND BASEMEN Eddie Collins, for years one of the stonewall infield defense of the Phila- delphia Athletics, but more recently a leading spirit with the Chicago White Sox, leads all second basemen in hitting over a stretch of years with a percentage of .340-. Collins has played in 1,303 games, been at bat 4,557 times, made 905 runs, 1,551 singles, 193 two-base hits, 110 three baggers, 19 home runs, 233 sacrifices and stolen 455 bases. CREW GIRLS OF THE UNIVERSITY “ E8a OF CALIFORNIA Here are the leading candidates from whom will be selected the co-ed twelve of the University of California, one of the most popular rowing organizations on the Pacific Coast. These young women recently forsook the gymnasium and the rowing machines for their huge whaleboat and real spring practice on Lake Merritt, Oakland, where the annual regatta will be held. Each whaleboat has a complement of twelve, plus a coach and a helmswoman. The picture shows, left to right, standing, Irene Hurley, Ethel Wall, Mary Kleineckle, Gladys Reston, Ella Deanchie, Mildred Crane, Anna Doo- little, Louise Beck and May Me Cleary; seated, Sophie Dinsdalt, Elenor Schlotz, Marion Chandler, Gertrude Wallace and Helen Crane. MORE THAN 100,000 CLEVELAND FANS WITNESS HALL GAME • uPYKICHr 1*1* MILLCtt BTtfOlVe The final inter-city championship game between the White Autos and the Omaha Luxus team I Autos won the battle by a n-6 score, and then started on their journey to the Far West, to at Brookside Stadium, Cleveland’s natural amphitheatre, on October ioth, igi$. The W'hite [ play the leading amateur clubs on the Pacific Coast. PRACTICING FOR PERFECTION Charles Barrett, captain and quarterback of Cornell's 1915 football team, one of the most promising elevens which has represented the university in years, kicking a goal from the field. Experts class Captain Barrett and Captain Mahan, of Harvard, as on a par. Both use the same style of play and both rank at the top among the backs of that year. NAVY FOOTBALL SQUAD AT WORK Lieutenant Ingram, head coach, putting the linemen of the first and second teams through their paces. FOOTBALL Some charge, without formality, Forget all partiality, The sport lacks rationality— And then — in all reality — Is too full of brutality, You'll note that great vitality And features most the punch. Is what the game needs most. But we claim that stability, If you prefer timidity And likewise durability, And athletic tepidity, Backed up with rare ability To physical solidity, Is far the better hunch. Oh, please, of it don’t boast. WHEN HARVARD TOOK VIRGINIA’S MEASURE An exciting period in the tierce struggle between the elevens representing Harvard and the I a 9-0 score. Harvard had to work hard to gain the victory. Virginia achieved distinction University of Virginia, showing Captain Mahan breaking through tackle. The Crimson won by | earlier in the season by defeating Yale. i A WATER QUEEN INDEED In Mina Wylie, Australia adds another to her long list of title-holding swim- mers. This water sprite neatly won the 100-yards breaststroke champion- ship of Australia, at Sydney, from many competitors in 1.30 4-5. She also holds the women's world’s record for that event in 1.28 3-8. BACK FROM THE BORDER. BERRY PLAYS SENSATIONAL FOOTBALL In one of the most bitterly contested battles of 1916’s big football season, the Pennsylvania University team badly defeated the eleven represent- ing the Pennsylvania State College, thereby reversing the result of the previous season’s struggle. Howard Berry, the one-time all-around inter- collegiate champion, shown in the picture carrying the ball through the line, was the hero of the occasion, though but recently returned from soldiering on the Mexican border. He dropped two brilliant goals from the field, one from the 40-yd. and one from the 33-yd. line, and ran fifty yards for a touchdown, thereby piling up twelve of the fifteen points scored by the victors against Penn. State’s 0. CHAMPION TRAVERS BOWS TO DAN CUPID A romance of the links terminated happily in the marriage of Jerome Dunstan Travers, four times amateur golf champion and once open champion, and Miss Dorris Tiffany, who met first on the Powel- ton Club's course, at Newburgh, N. Y. In the picture, from left to right, are Miss Justine Weston, the maid of honor; Mr. Travers, Mrs. Travers, and Gilman Parris Tiffany, brother of the bride, winner of the Hudson River golf championship on six occasions. rorrmoNT istr'i riot hknvi« i ON LAST HOLE BARNES WON PRO. GOLF TITLE In a match which was not decided until the very last hole and the very last putt, James Barnes, the White- marsh Valley Country Club profes- sional golfer, won the championship of the Professional Golfers’ Associa- tion on the links of the Siwanoy Golf Club, not to overlook a purse of $500 and a diamond medal. COPYRIGHT INT’L FILM SERVICE WAR HEROES BEATEN ON THE GREEN Before the King of Montenegro and mauy French and English generals and French diplomats at the Parc des Princes, Paris, in 1916, an association football team formed of men of the British Twentieth corps, which won signal honors in the defense of Verdun, was defeated by the Association Sportive Francaise team by a 1-0 score. The picture shows the winning goal being made when the goal keeper of the Twentieth corps failed to save a hot shot. mu: “BILL” He is rather off in Latin, And he’s not too strong in Greek, And the higher mathematics Always leave him limp and weak. His philosophy is faulty. Poetry he'll not peruse. And at times we fear his language Is the kind he shouldn't use. If he has a favorite study. Not a prof, has found it out; And just why he came to college Is a thing they talk about. But admitting that his culture Would give mast folks quite a jar. There’s one time when every student Will admit that Bill's a star. That's when clad in guards and moleskin He goes tearing through the line. Crashing, crushing, ducking, running — There are few sights quite so fine. Big and brawny, clever, fearless. He will plow through any foe. That's why we o'erlook the many Things which William doesn’t know. With Pollard, the whirlwind halfback, aided and abetted by Purdy, at quarter, playing a b.and Crimson failing utterly to offer an effective defense and never getting sufficiently near Brown’s of football seen only at rare intervals, Brown players took the measure of Harvard by a 21-0 i goal even to try for a score via the field goal route. Pollard is shown making a fifteen-yard gain, score, thereby satisfying an ambition cherished for many years It was a cleancut victory, the | with the Harvard pack in full cry after him. INTERNATIONAL FILM 8ERVIC. SOUTH HAS A GREAT SWIMMER Long - distance swim- ming records in and about Charleston, W. Va., were cast into the shadow to rest when J. P. Gunther, at the races held at Lick Branch, swam thirteen and one-half miles in fcur hours and eighteen minutes. He made the distance without leav- ing the water, nour- ished only by a single cup of coffee, which he drank while swimming. KANSAS CITY’S ONLY" WOMAN TRAPSHOOTER Kansas City, Mo., is proud of Mrs. D. B. Foster, because .she is that city’s only woman trapshooter, and be- cause her skill has won her many trophies and given her a ranking equal to that of some of the best male shots. She qualified well up among the ten best women trapshooters at the Grand American Handicap, at St. Louis, and at the shoot of the Social Target Club, at Kansas City, as the only woman entered against twenty -six men, she made twenty-four out of twenty-five tar- gets and won the sec- ond prize cup. MISSION RUGGERS SCORE SPLENDID TRIUMPH Playing such Rugby as seldom has been seen on the Pacific Coast, the Santa Clara team easily achieved its ambition by humbling the hosts of Stanford by a distinctly one-sided score, in this instance 28-5. In the picture Curtin, of Santa Clara, is shown breaking through for the start of one of the rushes which featured the play of the Missionites. COPYRIGHT UNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD THROUGH AMAZING COLLAPSE PRINCETON TOSSES GAME TO YALE Tradition and Yale triumphed In the fierce clasu between the Bulldogs and Tigers. Though at first generally favored, the Orange and Black collapsed under fire, making mistakes at critical mo ments, while the Blue, after a poor start, more than held her own. Yale triumphed 10-0. The picture shows Le Gore carrying the ball through the line after having his kick blocked. WOMAN CHAMPION LOSES AT THE NETS Mrs. May Sutton Bundy, always a favorite tennis player, and one-time title holder, finally defeated Miss Molla Bjurstedt, the unbeaten clever woman’s single champion, 6-3, 1-6, 6-2, at Long Beach, Cal., in an exhibition contest. STARTING FORTH IN SEARCH OF THE ELUSIVE MR. REYNARD The fall and winter months find many a scarlet-coated contingent of i siasts of once “Merrie England,” the real home of the fox hunt. American lovers of outdoor sports, particularly in the South and I The photograph shows the Watch Hunt at Short Hills, N. J., starting East, riding to the hounds with the same ardor shown by the enthu- I out for a run and eager for the word “Go.” YEPT IT’S COME TO THIS Members of the faculty of certain colleges have sug gested that students be forbidden to play baseball on the ground that in this sport their enthusiasm causes them to ape professionals in their desire to win. “We’ve studied this question of baseball quite some,” Quoth the self-haloed pedagogues, patting their chests, “We feel it’s de trop in a college, by gum! While checkers and croquet have met all our tests. As a sport it’s too noisy, too active and rough — Why at times our dear boys talk real naughty and gruff. Then their clothing they soil, And their manners they spoil, They tan and perspire while making their runs — All things ill-befitting real gentlemen’s sons. Now if we have our way There’ll be gentler play, And instead of this craving for muscle and brawn, Why we'll substitute games to be played on the lawn. “Thank goodness, all boys are not rowdies like these, For we’ve studied all kinds and of course ought to know; Take those carefully manicured chaps, if you please, Who appear once a year in our musical show— When they’re fixed up with powder, some wigs and some paint, Why they look like sweet damsels, quite saucy and quaint. And their dresses they wear With true feminine air. They’re pictures of beauty, they're studies in grace — Their figures look stunning in satins and lace, How much better like these To endeavor to please, Than go shouting and rushing about in the sun — There complexions are lost, naught but freckles are won.” ! "*i \ w GEORGE GIBSON NEW WORLD’S RECORD This is Charles Hoyt, the Grinnell College sprinter, who recently obtained a niche in the Hall of Fame when he won the special 200 yds. dash at the Drake Relay Carnival, at Des Moines, in 21 2-5 sec., a new world’s record for a curved track. RUGBY GAINS IN FAVOR ON THE PACIFIC COAST This splendid sport, which each year is gaining added favor throughout the United States, rapidly drew a crowd of 16,000 persons to the playing field at Palo Alto, Cal., where the Stan- ford University team defeated that representing the University of Santa Clara by a score of 30 to o. Excellent sportsmanship featured the contest from start to finish. Note in the photo- graph the clever manner in which the student spectators formed the letters L. S. J. U., meaning Leland Stanford Junior University. is;:;: *«•*«* fes'.ss m AYE, TWA8 EVER THUS Shrilly comes the cry of ^xtra, And I bend a listening ear; “Home team’s won again, hi, extra!” ’Tie the newsies’ cry I hear. In elation then I hasten. From my desk into the street; 1 must read the news Instanter Cries like those to me sound sweet. There it is in glaring headlines. “ Home team wins and takes the lead.” Eagerly I buy a copy — Of this victory I must read, Crash! What’s that? Has something happened? Aye, the game’s gone up in smoke. For I slipped from off the mattress Hit the floor — and then awoke. BOBBY ROTH - -r. ■ FA COPYRIGHT INTERNATIONAL FIL.u JAPANESE DEFEATS SINGLES TITLE HOLDER One of the greatest surprises of the tennis season, which was very prolific in form upsets, was the clever victory at Newport of Itchiya Kumagae, the Japanese crack, over William M. Johnson, singles title holder, for the Casino Cup, by a score of 6-1, 9-7, 5-7, 2-6, 9-7. It marked the second time in the history of the American game, a period of thirty-six years, that a foreign player took the premier honor on the Newport courts. Kumagae and R. Norris Williams, 2nd, now stand on the records as defeating the national title holder. SARGENT UP A TREE FOR STEALING When a certain Mr. Bruin wandered out of the woods near Centralia, Wash., one day, and began stealing potatoes from a truck garden, he made a most serious mistake. A report of his depredations reached the owner of a pack of hunting dogs, and resulted in a chase in which, as the picture shows, the bear tried to escape capture by climbing a tree. He failed, however, and his pelt now graces the home of the owner of the pilfered vegetables. THE BRIGHTER SIDE OF THE WAR GAME Sports were the feature of the bright Dominion Day celebration held at the military hospital, Woolwich, England, by convalescent troopers of the Canadian regiments, many of whom were wounded in the Ypres offensive. The picture shows Canadian nurses beating their patients easily in a sprint race. WITH OUR BOYS ACROSS THE RIO Troopers of Brig. Genl. John J. Pershing’s expedi- tionary forces, sent into Mexico in pursuit of Villa, competed in a field day of unusual events to help pass the period of “watchful waiting.” The picture shows the shoe race, in which the entrants ran to a box into which they placed their shoes. After these had been mixed by the referee, each man tried to recover his own, put them on and return to the starting point; but in the sorting every contestant was permitted to throw any shoe not his own as far away as he could. The winner was the man who first completed all the details. CENTRAL NEWS 'TIS NOTV TITE BTTST SEASON FOR MR. REYNARD Among the most popular and picturesque features of the outdoor life on Long Island, famous in the world of athletics for its sport and sport lovers, fox hunting holds a high place. The season there was opened in style by the Meadow brook Club, and the picture shows that organization’s unusually fine pack of hounds taking up tbe scent. Ferdinand Schupp John McGraw MC GR AAV A REAL AVON* DER AVORKER LEE AXAVORTHY. KING OF TROTTING STALLIONS “Two minutes flat,” the dream of every owner of a trotting horse, was realized at last at the Syracuse Grand Circuit Meet. Lee Axworthy, world’s champion trotting stallion, made that mark. A few days later at Lexington, Ky., he lowered his own record to 1.5914. AVALDO, AVINNER OF "OLD BOYS*' TOURNAMENT C. Gilbert Waldo, of Brooklawn, was the victor in 1916 in the famous annual golf tournament at Apawamis for seniors. His total for the low gross was 167. Mr. Waldo now rejoices in the honor and title of champion senior golfer. LITTLE QUEEN OF PONY EXHIBITORS The proudest of all the exhibitors at the annual Piping Rock Club horse show, at Locust Valley, L. I., was little Miss Con- stance de Sala Regan, shown with the prizes won by her horses during the event. Her greatest victory was in the class for ponies under fourteen hands, ridden by children under fifteen, in which her horse “Joy,” most appropriately named in the circumstances, won first prize, and another of her ponies, "Carle- ton Quality,” received the fourth award. Other ponies owned by the little lady took prizes, as did those entered by her sister. Miss Jean, and her brother, Gordon. SOMETHING NEAV IN AVATER SPORTS F _ etty Pacific Coast mermaids at Ocean Park, California, just before entering the surf to Lolic with the new inflated fish life preservers, a novelty rapidly winning favor among the swimmers of the Pacific Coast resorts. BEAUTY AT THE PADDLE Lasel 1 Seminary, at Aubumdale, a few miles from Boston, boasts of one of the most skilful canoe crews in the East. The fair paddlers are shown preparing for the canoe races on the Charles River, for which they are favored candi- dates for high honors. WALKING ON THE HATER MADE EASY M ‘ DiM Despite statements to the contrary, something new does make its appearance occasionally. Here is the hydro-ski, a real novelty, invented by an ingenious Italian It can be used either for hunting or military purposes, and in this instance is being utilized by a soldier on scout duty. CHICAGO DAILt MEWS A YOUNG HERCULES OF THE MIDDLE WEST One of the heroes of the annual West- ern Intercollegiate Athletic Associa- tion field and track meet, at Chicago, was Arlie Mucks, of Wisconsin, who hurled the discus 155 feet 2 inches, and bettered the former mark of 140 feet 2H inches made by Johnny Garrels, of Mich- igan in 1905. FORD SHE SHOOTS STRAIGHT The Far West is extremely proud of petite Mrs. Ada Schilling, of Portland Ore., formerly star of the Blue Rock Club, of San Jose, Cal., and cham pion woman trapshooter of the Pacific Coast. Though weighing but ninety-five pounds and but four feet eleven inches in height, she handles man’s size rifles almost as tall as herself with a skill which has amazed her male rivals, whom she has defeated with persistent regularity. In the 1915 averages of the Interstate Association for the Encouragement of Trapshooting, she was 113th in a list of 8,707. breaking 2,116 out of 2,443 targets. Mrs. Schilling is teach- ing her daughters, ten and twelve years of age, but almost as tall as their mother, shooting preparedness. Harry Coveleskie Stanley Coveleskie COVELESKIE BROTHERS ARE BASEBALL RIVALS It isn’t often that one finds two brothers, both pitchers, making good in the same league, and such a case was known only once in the last twenty years in the big show until this year. However, in the American League there is Harry Cov- eleskic, the veteran who, when with the Phillies, once pitched the Giants out ot a pennant, but who to-day is one of the Tigers’ most dependable tossers; and Stanley Coveleskie, his “kid” brother, who is winning his share of battles for Lee Fohl’s sensational Cleveland Indians. The first time this season that these teams met, Harry learned that he had been selected to twirl against Stanley, and, going to Manager Jennings, refused to work against his brother in the latter’s first big-league engagement. Stanley did well, striking out Ty Cobb, but lost in the twelfth inning by a 3*1 score. A KIDDIE CUTS CLEVER CAPERS A feature of the society horse show at Tuxedo, N. Y. was the showing made Dy tne children of several persons prominent in the smart sets of the East. Little Marian Wickes, pictured taking a jump on Buff, in the children’s jumping class, was quite the pet of the show. WHERE IS THE JUNE OF YESTERDAY ? There was a time when June, of all the months, W as she of whom the poets wrote and raved ; Scattering joy, her mission was to cheer. And never was she known to misbehave. Her smile was radiant and warm her breath. Which caused the flowers to nestle at her feet; Those w'ere the days when life seemed at its best. When fans were gay, and baseball was a treat. But recently the season’s all awry. And June takes on a chill and somber mien ; No azure skies and blooms are in her wake. And scarce a ray of sunshine e’er is seen. From out the clouds a constant flow' of tears Dampens our joy — aye, saddens all the earth; The soggy diamonds, lonely sentinels stand. Where once were gathered all the hosts of mirtb« FAME AND DEATH AT SHEEPSHEAD A TWENTY-YEAR-OLD MISTRESS OF TI1E AIR THE MOST SPECTACULAR ACCIDENT EVER WITNESSED ON A SPEEDWAY Limberg, in Number 6, while going at 104 miles an hour, when within two feet of the rail at the steeply banked north turn, struck the heavily railed fence with disastrous results. The car shot several feet into the air, turned over, and came down, radiator first, upon the upper edge of the track. The impact broke off the wheels, fenders, motor bonnet and body, and the stripped chassis then rolled down the embankment, where it immediately burst into flame. Limberg and his mechanic were hurled over the retaining wall and instantly killed. This photo- graph was taken soon after the hand fire-extinguishers were put to work and after the police forced the crowds back. The contestants following were forced to drive through the dense smoke, but fortunately no other accident occurred. The broken portion of the rail which was struck by the unlucky car is shown at the right-hand edge of the smoke. READY FOR HER FLIGHT Miss Katherine Stinson of San Antonio, Texas, gave a marvelous exhibition of fly- ing. Miss Stinson constructed her own plane and employs in it the same motor as that used by Lincoln Beechy when he met his death COPYRIGHT UNDERWOOD Si U DERM COD JUST BEFORE LIMBERG’S ACCIDENT At the Sheepshead Bay (N. Y.) Speedtrack.in May, 1916, this close formation was held, with the ill-fated Limberg in the lead. Rickenbacher, in Number 11, won the race by maintaining a consistent speed and by freedom from tire trouble. Mulford, in Number 9, who had won the previous race of the afternoon, was forced to with- draw after maintaining second and third places for several laps. START OF MISS STINSON’S SENSATIONAL FLIGHT Miss Stinson controls her machine with an ease and accuracy that is wonderful. After ascending a thousand feet into the air, she can turn, drop suddenly with motor shut off, and then by turning a complete circle, at one portion of which she flies up-side-down, she loops-the-loop. She drove her machine with the landing wheels within six inches of the ground for several hundred feet. Although slender and frail-appearing. M : cs Stinson possesses nerve and endurance. She was selected by the anadian Government to train many of the Canadian aviators at her school. PIONEERS WHO CLEARED In Llano County, Tex., are 12 men who were among the pioneers of that section, and took part in many desperate fights with Indians. Recently C. E. Shults, a banker of Llano, got the twelve together and they were photographed. THE TEXAS FRONTIER They are, left to right, standing: George T. Walker, J. T. Simpson, J. R. Moss, H. A. Coggins, M. B. Clendenin; seated: T. C. Masters, J. C. Leverett, Gabe Shoat, C. E. Shults, Riley Gregg, L. Sullivan, Carter Miller, John Loogbottom. PaI'L TH0MP80B GIVEN A DIFFICULT POSITION The President has appointed Abram I. Elkus of New York City to be Ambassador to Turkey, to succeed Henry Morganthau, who resigned to take part in the campaign for Mr. Wilson’s reelection. Mr. Elkus, who is a Jew, is a leader of the New York bar. He has held many positions of public trust. The position to which he has been appointed is a difficult one, the many prob- lems of the war having greatly complicated the affairs of an embassy that was always full of trouble. THEY SAVED THE 4 ‘HECTOR’S* * CREW Captain Torveld Nelsen of the tug Wellington and his two daughters, Miss Annie (to the left) and Miss Johanna. The Wellington took off 121 members of the crew of the U. S. collier Hector when that craft went aground off Cape Romain, near Charleston, in a terrific storm. The rescue was attended with great difficulties and some of the men were hurt. The Misses Nelsen were on the tug and worked all night caring for the injured. After an experience more thrilling than usually falls to the lot of seafaring ladies they reached Charleston in safety. The Nelsen family lives in Jacksonville, Fla. SOCIETY WOMEN READY TO GO TO WAR Lake Forest, the fashionable Chicago suburb, held a country fair for charity in 1916 — the 17th annual event of ics kind — in which all the prom- inent people took part. Among the attractions was a Red Cross booth which was in charge of society women who had volunteered for service in case of war and who had taken train- ing. This group of five includes, front row, left to right: Mrs. Robert Hotz (in chair), Miss Lolita Armour, Miss Helen Farwell; standing, in rear: Miss Emma Carry, Mrs. Philip Doane. HANDLES THE PRESIDENTIAL SPECIAL W. A. Kizziah, of Spencer, N. C., has been a railroad engineer for 32 years and has a perfect record. He has for more than 10 years been at the throttle of the New York and New Orleans Limited. When the President of the United States passes over the road on which he is employed, Engineer Kizziah is always selected to handle the presidential train. “BICYCLE BISHOP” OF DAKOTA Rev. W. B. Cowgill, a Presbyterian minister, has a circuit in McKenzie County, N. D., that requires much traveling and during the four years of his pastorate ne has made more than 15,000 miles on his bicycle — - hence the name by which he is generally known. He can preach in English, German and Norwegian and has congregations of all three nationalities. NEW WAY TO CROSS NIAGARA An aerial cable car has been installed across the whirlpool rap'ds below Niagara Falls, and a regular passenger service is now being maintained. The appearance of the car is well shown in the photograph. B»l» NEWS SERVICE LAND LUBBERS GO TO SEA In pursuance of the volunteer idea of preparedness a month’s training for landsmen who would want to serve their country on the sea in case of war, was authorized by the Navy Department. It is an adaptation of the now famous Plattsburg idea tc naval condi- tions. More than 2,000 young men undertook the training. Nine battleships were author- ized to receive them on board, of which three sailed from New York in August, 1916. Among the “rookies” were Junius Spencer Morgan, Oliver Iselin, W. O’D. Iselin and William G. McAdoo, Jr. NEBRASKA'S GREAT TRACTOR SHOW Fifty thousand people gathered in one day to see the farm tractors exhibited at the annual tractor show near Omaha, Nebraska. More than 6,000 automobiles were parked on the grounds. Our picture shows an interested crowd examining the Henry Ford fit Son tractor which, though tiot yet perfected, at- tracted more attention than all the others. Which shows the power of advertising. C* >I‘K KliillT UNDfchMOoD it U.HDERMuitO MR. HUGHES PLEASED WITH BUTTE On bis trans continental speaking tour Charles E. Hughes stopped at Butte, Mont., long enough to visit a copper mine 2,800 feet below the earth’s surface. In his address at Butte he said, among other things: “Because of Columbus we have a punitive expedition to catch Villa and to punish him. Called ‘punitive,’ it did not punish anybody but ourselves. It did not secure any reparation. The expedition went as far as the Mexicans thought proper to have it go and then walked back.” STRANGE WRECK OF A DOUBLE-HEADER TRAIN A double-header passenger train ran into an open switch at Borus, Mont., while making over 50 miles an hour, and was wrecked. Engineer Baker, of the first locomotive, was killed and the two locomotives were completely demolished. Our photograph show3 one of them. The other was thrown down the embankment. The baggage car ot the train was thrust up over the boiler of one locomotive. Several of the coaches remained on the track and were picked up by a relief engine and drawn away without the help of a wrecking crew. C f / dt'u ^u < -^r / / (i H t-^/f Copyright, 1918, by Leslie’s, Drawn Jot Leslie’s at the Front by C. LEROY BALDRIDGE The routine at Camp Hancock near Augusta, Ga., is much harder work for the men than for the horses. The horses have as a rule, only a two-hour drill in the morning, and in the afternoon they can go it loose in the corral until about four, when they are led into the stables and fed. A soldier has to understand his horse as he would a person, especially in wartime when much strain is put upon the horse. Though a soldier can fight for hours without food, • a horse must have time to eat oats and hay. In open fighting the cavalry is used in battle to break a line and turn the enemy’s retreat into rout, or to go ahead of the main army and keep the enemy at a distance. Boots and Saddles at Camp Hancock Photographs bp JAMES H. HARE Staff War Photographer Horses have to be trained in these camps to meet every sort of emergency. They must be accustomed to strange noises, to music and the sound of guns, to masses of men, dark nights and silence — one of the hardest lessons. Notice the man in the cloud of dust crouched under the horse’s hoof with a slight chance that it won’t kick him. But this training produces a most valuable branch of the service. In Mexico last year, one cavalry troop marched 17 hours over 55 miles and captured a force of Valla’s bandits. It was estimated early in the war that about one-quarter of the entire number of horses engaged in a campaign would have to be replaced every three months, and at this rate at the end of the war Russia will alone be supplied with them, llut hospitals take such good care of them now, that they have been returned to the front for use after having had ten bullets in them. LAUGHING AROUND with HOMEK CHOY THE WORLD CURIOUS THINGS ABOUT CHINESE CLOTHES AND CUSTOMS E IVEN though 1 came to China knowing that they did things backward, there are some customs here that I just can’t get used to. One is seeing women wearing trousers. There are more women wearing trousers in China than there are people in the United States — men, women and children. I suppose that there is no reason why things shouldn’t be thus, but it will always seem to me that the pants are on the wrong side of the house. The women look like clothes-pins. Their bodies are the same size all the way down and their feet are so tiny that they go bobbing along for all the world like jointed clothes-pins. The women shave their foreheads, with the timber line almost at the top of their heads, so that the little patch of face below looks as if it were trembling under threat of an impending snowslide. Their hair is pulled and keyed back as though for musical purposes. At the back of the head a Chinese woman wears a cushion of false hair, so dressed as to show her rank, so that a person skilled in the language of the hair can read her history, can tell her present plans and her future ambitions. A person up on hair can tell at a glance whether or not she is married, if so how many children she has, and if a widow if she is willing to open correspondence with a desirable party of about forty-five, object matrimony. In this cushion a Chinese woman carries her head scratcher. Her hair dressing is a preparation made of slippery elm. The person needing it can run out to the corner and wait until the carpenter takes a plane and shaves off a few curls. This the Chinese lady steeps into a thick, gummy smear, pours it on her head and uses it to stiffen her hair. This layer makes the top of her head hot, so that every odd moment when she hasn’t anything else to do she gets down under the mess and lets in some air with a darning needle. Her favorite time for doing this is at the theatre: when the performance begins to drag, she gets out her darning needle and improves the shining hour by making a rift in the roof as she looks around over the audi- ence, lightly gossiping about who are there, what they are wearing and how awful they look. THE SKIRTED MEN Naturally, then, as might be expected, the men wear skirts. Their skirts are in a garment that reaches from their shoulders to their shins and looks like a nightgown worn by a Cape Cod deacon. It has a tasty slit up each side, so that on muddy crossings the twinkle of masculine ankles may be seen. When they want to catch a car they have to gather up their skirts in the good old- fashioned feminine way. Un- der their skirts they wear a pai r of drawers, fastened at the ankles with a bandage, with the ends tucked in. When a Chinaman has an impor- ta it letter or note to carry he unties the leg of his draw- ers. stuffs it in and puts the bandage back. The bandage works loose so that when he reaches his destination the note is usually gone. The only pockets a China- man has are in his shirt waist, which he wears under his skirt, so that when he wants to get a coin he has to unbutton one side and slip in a hand. Even though a Chinaman wears skirts he has not yet learned about thr “First National Bank.” The Chinese are a great nation to think of the handy little things — things that no ''ther people in the world could possibly think of. You can run out onto the street almost any time and buy an ear tickler. Men make a living going around selling them. An ear tickler is a little puff of cotton on the end of a stick and is meant to com- bine both business and pleasure— the business of cleaning the ear and the pleasure of the tickling sensation. His is not an easy life, for the peddler has to be con- stantly on the watch against tricky people who come up, sample his ticklers, give their ears a couple of good tingles, tell the man that they don’t like his brand of tickler and go on their way. His ingenuity has de- veloped a way of polishing up the tick ler so that the next possible purchaser may not know that the tickler has been weighed and found wanting, by carrying along a little bowl of white powder. employment to many men. This outfit can make two boards After a tickler has been every three days. A CHINESE SAWMILL The lumber industry in China is not flourishing but it gives WILD EXCITEMENT IN CANTON Watching a street procession is about the most exciting thing that a Chinaman can imagine. Pro cessions are framed up on every possible occasion and sometimes they are many blocks long. sampled and declined he dabs the end into the bowl and it is bright and fresh looking as if it were new. If you went to buy one you couldn’t tell for the life of you but that it was a new one — until you had used it a time or tw r o. PRIDE OF POLITENESS A Chinaman prides himself on his politeness more than on anything else. So when he meets you he shakes his own hand. When he goes to leave you he folds his hands across his breast and makes three bows. Some places in China it is considered polite, when you are invited to a friend’s house, to throw the chicken bones on the floor. As you are having dinner and chatting about the rice crop it is proper form, when you get through with a drumstick, to toss it on the floor and to go on with the conversation. The host takes this as a compliment, for it show's that you know that he has servants enough to clean the things off the floor. If you put the bones on the plate it re- flects on the number of servants that he can afford to keep. China keeps a person gasping. One THE BARBER COMES TO YOU China is innocent of barber shops though it has plenty of barbers. They ,'go about the streets looking for customers , and ■will shave one anywhere. can hardly turn around without coming across something that he can’t believe, even when he is looking at it. You can’t be in the land of the dragon very long without be- ing impressed by the fact that the Chinese can sleep any time and any' place. They haven’t any nerves; the more noise the better. They can lie dowrn any place — absolutely — and go to sleep. As narrow' as the streets are — as true as I’m here, two people can’t walk down them arm in arm — a merchant will lie down in the doorway, with one foot in the traffic and drift off on a billowy cloud of happiness w'hile his wife keeps shop. One day in walking along a country from one village to another, I saw r a water buffalo taking his w r ay across a field with some queer load on its back. I knew' that the buffalo was returning from its work of dragging a wooden plow' with one handle through the rice field all day, but w hy it should have such a queer-looking load on its back was more than I could under- stand. The load looked as if it might be a quilt rolled up and tied on, but when I got up close I was astonished to find that it was a man asleep. Returning from work, he was taking a nap so that w'hen he reached home he w'ould be refresh- ened and of sweet temper. In China the tired business man, returning cross and snappy, is unheard of — unless his buffalo shies. THE CHINESE FACE Whether he is a tired business man or a member of the President’s imperial council, there is one thing that causes a Chinaman more trouble, in sickness and in health, in poverty and in wealth, than all the rest of his possessions together. And that is his face! In China a man’s “face” isn’t that part of him that we usually think of as be- ing one’s fate or his fortune; it isn’t anything that you can put your hands on. It’s what the world thinks of him, or what he can deceive the w'orld into believing. In America we haven’t anything like the Chinese face; the nearest approach to it that we have is a front. We try' to present a front, but a Chinese looks after his face. How- ever, his face demands lots more of attention than our front. He has it always before him. If you leave a dollar on your dressing table, your room boy wouldn’t steal it for anything; he would lose face if he did, but when your back is turned he will exchange it for a counterfeit. He can do this and still keep his face. If you miss something about your room and know posi- tively that your boy stole it and accuse him, he w'ill deny it as long as he has breath. Under a slow' fire and salt he would still deny that he had taken it; to admit that he had stolen your knife w'ould be to lose face. But after accusing him, if you will let it go for a day' or two, the knife will mysteriously return, or you will find it under a hand- kerchief on your dresser. You know that he has returned it and he knows that you know, but his face has been saved and as a result he is light-hearted and happy. When you are out shopping a crowd packs around you to see what you are buying and what you are paying. They are more interested in that than anything: they' want to see how skilful a merchant he is by finding out how much he is getting out of you. When there is a crowd around he sticks to his exorbitant price through thick and thin, even when he has no hope of getting it, for if he came down before the crowd he would lose face. After you have gone home he will come around and meekly take w'hat you offered him. THE ODD IDEAS AND CUSTOMS OF THE HINDUS WASHDAY IN THE OKIENT Hindu laundryman taking bundles of clothes to the river where he will wash the garments by pounding them over a stone. drawer, he would tell me about a dear son that he had just lost and would I please give him something extra. A few annas served wonderfully to bring him out of sor- row. The oftener I gave, the oftener tragedy came into his family until pretty soon he was losing a son a day. Just as sure as he did any little thing for me he was sure to tell me of some unexpected grief that had befallen him and ask me if I couldn’t help him bear it. Every time he held a shirt for me he told me about a son that had been suddenly stricken and would I please be so kind as to give him an extra rupee, and every time he shook out a sock for me I knew that a daughter had gone to her reward. Day after day his family held out; always just THE BOLD HUNTSMEN OF INDIA Starling out on a leopard hunt and ,aking along a lame “ cheetah ” to decoy the game. This sport is sometimes at- tended with exciting incidents. • saw a way out. “Yes,” I agreed enthusiastically, and then I wrote for him: The bearer of this note with the unpronounceable name has been in my employ for two weeks. During this time I have aged percep- tibly. He is a servant of caste, but he never lets work interfere with his caste. When he came to me he was a man of family, but at the rate which his family has been depleted I doubt if he has left more than enough children to last out a week. You will find him especially good at getting your shirt studs in backward and at pulling off the tips of your shoe strings. Thumb, who made pretense of being an English scholar, read the recommendation carefully; but his mastery of words was such that he could not quite follow the meaning. “Thank you, sahib, thank you,” he said, too proud to admit that it w'as not clear to him. “It will be of great help to me.” “And to the other fellow, too,” I said as he salaamed, and passed out of my life. HINDU MUSIC I had thought China w r as a queer place and that the Chinese had queer customs, but China can’t entertain on the same afternoon with India. If some one had told me about their manners and customs before I got to India, I w'ould have laughed courteously and set him dow-n in my little book. There are some things that a Hindu will do and some that he will not do; work is placed prom- inently on the latter list. One thing that a Hindu will not do is to play on a flute. He would rather go to the flogging post than dash off a selection on a flute. But he will play a stringed instrument, called a vina, similar to the instrument played by Saul in the tent of David. This instrument looks as if it had originally been intended for a carpet stretcher, but had fallen into the hands of a musically inclined person who had borrowed a couple of CURIOSITIES OF ETIQUETTE You can never tell what is manners and what isn’t in India. When a woman wants to be very polite to a man she turns her back on him; it flatters any Hindu man to have a pretty woman plainly and ostentatiously turn her back on him. Between husband and wife there is a queer system of etiquette. Whatever happens, a Hindu wife must never mention her husband by name. When she goes to call on her neighbor, lightly chatting the afternoon through, comparing notes on the latest nose-rir.gs and the best way to stain the fingers with the fashionable henna, she must r.ever let the conversation swing around so that she will have to mention her husband. If she should go so far as to forget herself and mention her lord and master to her shocked companion, her hostess would soon yawn and explain that she had to go and put the bread in. How- ever, she can talk about her children all she wants to; there is nothing in the Hindu etiquette book against that. She can tell w hat a funny thing Jamjiji said the other night at the supper table, how much he helps her around the house and delicately hint how much brighter he is than the other children in the neighborhood, but she must never under any circumstances mention his father. Even stricter social rules govern the men. One Hindu man must never ask another Hindu man how his wife is getting along. That would brand the man as not having the slightest idea what drawing-room usage was. All the men at the club would shun him; no one would dare to ask him to come over to the table and have a grape- juice for fear right before everybody he might ask how his w r ife was. CALLERS WHO STAYED LONG When a Hindu goes to call it is not good manners to leave until the host gets up and tells him to go. While calling on some American missionary friends in a small interior town, they were telling me how they came to find this out to their sorrow r . They had just arrived and didn’t know about this but lound out after the blunder had been committed. A S soon as I got to India I hired a valet. It sounds mighty big — until you know- what you have to -A. J^_ pay a "boy” in India. A servant is called a “boy” even though he has w r hiskers and grandchildren. He said that his name was Thumbe Ramalingum, or w r ords to that effect. I couldn’t remember the last consignment, so I called him Thumb, and for days 1 longed to ask if if there was a Finger in his family. He wore a skirt, and a sheet twisted around his head. He was to be my waiter, for in India you have to furnish your own table boy; when you go to spend a day or two with a friend you alw'ays take your own boy along to wait on you. My boy was to mend my clothes, black my shoes, get my bathwater ready and hold my shirt; the way he talked I wasn’t to do anything except open my mail, put my feet on the table and enjoy life. But I soon found out that his idea and mine differed quite widely as to w'hat enjoyment of life was. A few minutes before the first meal he suddenly appeared, a bit flushed, and explained that he was of too high caste to wait on table. I tried to show him that it was an honor to be a good and efficient table waiter, but he wouldn’t budge a step — he’d rather starve than wait on table. So I had to look around and hustle up another boy to do that part of the work. Every time I wanted him to do anything it was against his caste; his caste seemed to have a special enmity toward all work. When I wanted him to carry my bags he begged leave to be excused as his caste didn’t allow him to do such menial work, and when I gave him my shoes to be blacked he looked at me in hor- ror; it was expressly against his caste to touch leather — a product of the sacred cow. A DOLEFUL SERVANT DISCHARGED As he busied himself at such hard work around my room at the Y. M . C. A. as straightening the papers on my desk, putting hangers in my coats and col- lecting all the collar buttons in one as I began to think that he had run out of sons he would come to me with the sad news that another pride of his life had been snatched from him. One day when I told him to pick the hairs out of my brush, he looked at me sadly, and then began to tell me about a nephew that had suddenly departed this flesh and would I be so kind as to give half a rupee to the grief-stricken father and the other half to the inconsolable uncle. That was more than I could stand and on the spot I told him that he was discharged, fired, and to get out of my sight as fast as he could. “Thank you, sahib, thank you,” said Thumb with a profound salute. I told him that he needn’t thank me for firing him, but he only bowled his head and thanked me more profusely than ever. His grati- tude was as pronounced as if I had given him a rupee. “Will you give me a recommendation kindly for the good boy I have been, sahib?” After what a poor servant he had been that was the last straw. It would be underhanded to foist him off on somebody else — and then suddenly I TYPICAL HINDU BEAUTY The belles of India wear rather scanty shirt- waists and display bare feet with rings on their toes. An ornament is always worn in the left side of the nose. piano wires and was determined to low'er rents. After hearing an able-bodied Hindu pick on an instrument of this kind one can’t help wishing that they would put it in the same class with the flute. A Hindu’s idea of music is to make all the noise he can. He doesn’t care anything about rhyme or rhythm; all his energy is expended in vol- ume. Hindu musicians are all large, splen- didly muscled fellows who play as if they were going to gymnasium regularly. When one hears them playing on a vina one can’t help wondering how Saul ever came to make such an impression on David. A QUARTER CENT PER MEAD PER TRIP Transportation of all kinds is cheap in India. These boys are squandering a quarter of a cent apiece for this thrill. It almost seems as though the donkey could spare some of his equipment to outfit his master a little more completely IHE first thing I wanted to see in India was the Black Hole of Calcutta. I could hardly wait to see the famous prison in which, in 1756, 133 people were suffocated in a single night. One hundred and fifty-six British prisoners, captured by the natives, were cast into a room 18 feet square, and the following morning only 23 of them were living. Without waiting to unpack my trunk I hurried to the spot, but I was sadly disappointed, for all there was there was a monument with a chain around it. I felt cheated; in America we would have given the visitor something for his money. We would have preserved the prison with its two small windows, and put a showcase in the corner with samples of the nails and a rusty hinge. The restored prison would have been filled with wax figures, their coats noticeably dusty and hunched at the collar, and outside would have been a lineal descendant of one of the survivors selling post -card views and a History of the Hole for a quarter. I got on the night express at Calcutta to go to Bombay, which is about as far as from New York to Kansas City, and just as the train started I learned something. They don’t have one long car, but a lot of little compartments with doors that open out on the side so that when you get to your station you can twist the knob and step out on the platform. Between stations they keep the door locked so that you can’t absently open it and step into the surrounding country. I kept waiting for the porter to come to make up my berth, but station after station went by, and no porter showed up. Another man in the compartment explained that they do not have porters on the trains in India; out there everybody carries his own servant. It dawned on me, first, that I would have to make my own bed, and, second, that I didn’t have any bed to make. Everybody in India carries his own sheets and blankets. So I spent the night stretched out on a leather seat, with the crook of my arm for a pillow, and handkerchiefs spread at advan- tageous points up "and down the line. I love to get on a street car in Bombay and ride, just to see the conductor. He wears his turban wrapped around his head and his skirt coiled around his waist, and when he comes down the aisle to collect your fare, his brown _ knees pop in and out from under his skirt as if it were some kind of game. A Hindu street car conductor doesn’t worry much about the rags situated here and the e that make up his clothes; his efforts are concentrated on getting a big pair of earrings. It is wonderful what success they have; some of the rings look as if they had been cast for the navy. Their earrings are not little bobs that hang from the lower part of the ear, but are hoops fastened in the top part. The right ear is the favorite; on this they hang the greater part of their silverware. WHERE THE STREET CAR CONDUCTORS WEAR EARRINGS The policemen wear little round caps and carry umbrellas. On any corner you may see the round cap riding high and dry, while the representative of the law majestically commands the crowd with an umbrella. But there is no better weapon than an English umbrella. The rod is made of wood, after the general pat- tern of a hoisting derrick, and a person with a fair swing could knock an enemy into the middle of the summer solstice. No man armed with an English umbrella need worry, unless the enemy has light artillery. Instead of neatly wrapping the cover up tight, as we do, they let it sprangle loose, gathering the ribs in at the top with a rubber band, so that the umbrella has the appearance of an actress dashing into the next dressing room for a pin. India is a great jewelry -bearing country. When it comes to scattering it around, the women favor their ears first, and their wrists second. They wear bracelets clear DRESS-MAKING IS A MAN'S JOB In India the men do the sewing, but there isn’t as much of that to do as there might be. The jewelers are still hard at work long after the tailors have closed shop. up to their elbows until they look like a cane rack at Old Home Week. The Hindus are afraid to put their money in the bank so they buy jewelry and string it on their wives. A Hindu can’t lift nis head and look the world in the eye, if his wife, coming down the sidewalk, doesn’t rattle like a milk wagon. Every time she puts up her hand to do her hair, it sounds as if the next number on the program were a muscle dance. Toes are a favorite place with the Hindus for jewelry'. The big toe is certain of a silver ring, and if the pocketbook THE HINDU HUSBAND IS AN OBJECT OF PITY ON IV ASH DAY “The poor benighted Hindu; for clothes he makes his skin do,” all of which is fortunate for the head of the house, for on wash day, when the whole city convenes at the public washing-place, he is very likely to beobliged to do the scrubbing as well as turn the wringer, only there isn’t any wringer. HINDU DOMESTIC ENGINEERING The motive power of this native cradle is the string which the mother holds and pulls back and forth until the baby is rocked to sleep or gets sun-struck holds out the envious smaller ones are sure to be remem- bered. Some of the toe-rings have tiny little bells so that when a woman walks it sounds as if the cows were in the corn on the far forty. The women of India don’t go in very much for dressing. Jewelry is about all they wear — and they wear that at inconspicuous points. They seem to take a personal pride in seeing how much money they can save their husbands on clothes; and their husbands see with how much jewelery they can surprise their wives. The Mohammedan women are very careful to keep their faces covered up; it never occurs to them that other parts might need protection as well. The women wear a waist with sleeves that comes just below the collar-bone. They have great confidence in the waist, for they feel that they don’t need anything else until they get to the skirt. The skirt is far removed from the collar-bone. Four things in India are held sacred: cows, crows, snakes- and monkeys. How they came to select these, above all others, to put on the sacred list, is more than anyone knows. You would have to hunt a long time to find any- thing homelier than a sacred cow. The sacred cows are of a soiled white, and they have long drooping jackrabbit ears and camel’s humps on their necks just where the collar button would come. They look about as sacred as a cornsheller. These cows wander up and down the street and when they come to a grocery store they calmly begin eating the vegetables on display; the grocer cannot drive them away for they are sacred — all he can do is to stand there with a plaintive, pleading expression in his eyes and hope that the cow is not feeling well. From one grocery store to another they take the middle of the sidewalk. They won’t turn out under any consideration — they’ve got to have the middle of the sidewalk. It takes the last remnant of my gentlemanly instincts to step out into 'the gutter to let a cow pass. I just itch to get my hands on a club — if I could, there’d be an awful concussion on about the fourth sacred floating rib. Ponder over it as I may, I have never been able to figure out why anybody, who hasn’t been out in the sun too much, should pick a crow to hold sacred. One would think that if they were going to pick any bird to hold sacred they would select a beautiful one, for India has hundreds of beautiful birds — and by no wild leap of the imagination could a crow be called pretty. I thought our American crows were homely, but they are beautiful alongside the Bombay crows. The Bombay crows are the dirtiest, greasiest, most dilapidated- looking birds I ever saw in my life. They take full advantage of their sacredness: they will swoop down and pull vegetables out of a basket a person is carrying, and will come hopping in and drag things off the table — especially things that will spot the carpet. GETTING ACCUSTOMED TO TOPSY-TURVY JAPAN I JUST can’t get used to how turned around, upside down, inside out, topsy-turvy things are in Japan. A Japanese carpenter draws the plane toward himself and a blacksmith sits down to work. A Japanese blacksmith never knows the joys of getting tickets to the circus, for he hasn’t any place for the advance man to paste up his three- sheets. The whole front of a Japanese blacksmith shop is open with other buildings jammed up so close on each 6ide that the circus man couldn’t get a poster in. A Japanese book begins on our last page and finishes on our first paragraph. And their sentences begin at the top of the page and read down, like long columns of figures. They wear white to funerals and judge poetry by the beauty of the hand- writing. Japanese houses haven’t any chim- neys, so that you may see a whole plateau of houses with not a single curl of smoke as far as the eye can reach. The Japanese cooking is done outside the house in a little charcoal stove. They have no stoves to keep themselves warm — only little hibachis — gallon jars with charcoal in them covered with fine ashes. There isn’t enough heat in one to singe a miller, and whenever they get too cold they take a warm bath. Bath- ing is a sacred rite. Whenever they have a spare moment they run and take a bath. When business is dull they hurry to a public bath-house and jump in; if they miss one train they take a bath while waiting for the next. They take them hot — steaming, sizzling hot. And the strange thing is they don’t do the bathing in the tub; they have little foot baths about the size of crocks that they use for washing themselves and when they are thoroughly clean they climb into the tub. If you should get into the tub first the pro- prietor would break into tears and tell you that you were bankrupting him, for the same water is used all evening no difference how many guests the hotel has. After soaking a while they crawl out, steaming all over, gently blot themselves, get into kimonos and sit around bare-ankled. One would think that before the evening was over a fleet- footed runner would have to be dis- patched for medical assistance, but instead of that they never catch cold. When I got here and was invited into a Japanese home, I found that they haven’t any chairs; in fact, there isn’t a stick of furniture a foot high in a Japanese house. You have to sit on — the floor. A person of my build was never meant for sitting on the floor. When I get down on the floor and try to draw up to a Japanese table, my feet are so in the way that I can’t get up to where there is anything doing. The waitress has to walk around my feet to bring me the viands. By the time the meal is over she is pretty well fagged out. When the Japanese sit down to a repast they do not sit tailor-fashion with their legs crossed in front of them — instead they sit down on their feet with their toes turned back, pointing in the opposite direction from the way the person is looking. When I sit down on my feet, with my knees going in one direction and my toes in another, it binds my legs so that in a few minutes my feet drop off to sleep. At the end of every course I have to get up and arouse them. FLOORS ARE SOFT One thing to be thankful for is that the floors are not boards covered with carpets, as they are in our country; tn Japan they are covered with matting three inches thick, and when you sit down you are given a cushion and a padded two-legged milk-stool on which you are supposed to lean gracefully with one elbow, while you use the chopsticks with the free hand — and they are sure to serve soft-fried eggs. I never knew, until I tried to eat a soft- fried egg with a couple of knitting-needles, why the AGRICULTURAL METHODS ARE PRIMITIVE AND PAINSTAKING A wooden plow and a buffalo equip a Japanese farm, most of the work being done by man power. Whole fields of rice are transplanted by hand. Imagine a North Dakota farmer setting out his wheat field one plant at a time! Japanese invited Americans out to dine with them. Now I understand why they pre- ferred having me to dinner to attending a comedy at the Imperial Theater. I assert, without fear of successful contradiction, that no white person will ever be able to eat a soft-fried egg with ease and grace while lightly chatting with his Japanese host — he can not help worrying about his chin and wondering if the kimono will wash. A Japanese house hasn’t a single window. And it’s only the most stylish of them that have a pane of glass. A person who has a pane of glass somewhere in his house sets the social pace in that neighborhood. Instead of glass they have paper pasted on sliding frames, and through the paper the light filters. Naturally one won- ders how they keep the rain out; this is little trouble, for outside the paper walls are a series of wooden doors which also slide back and forth. When time comes to retire, you look around for the bed, but there isn’t one in sight. It is rolled up in a drawer, and the Japanese wouldn’t know a bedstead from a quilting-frame. Mil- lions of people in Japan have grown to manhood, voted, paid taxes and gone to their reward without ever having clapped eyes on an American bedstead. To make the bed ready the servant opens the drawer and unrolls the quilts on the floor, putting a tomato- can-looking thing under one end for a pillow. Then she shuts all the paper windows and pulls to all the wooden slides so that not a breath of air can get in and the bed is ready. Money in the palm wouldn’t persuade a Japanese to sleep with the window open. Their theory is that during the day the air becomes full of dust and germs so that if you keep your windows sealed during the night none of the germs can get in; on arising they pull open the windows, letting in the fresh air; by this time the germs have settled so that the air is pure. But when they get up in the morning their mouths feel as if somebody had just swept up. NOTHING BUT BLOSSOMS Japan is famous for its cherry blos- soms. Each year thousands of people come over just to see them, and it is well that its fame rests on the blos- soms and not on the fruit, for the trees don’t have any cherries. The trees spend all their energies in blos- soms so that there isn’t any fruit except a stone and a shriveled skin. When a Japanese wishes to be particu- larly nice to you when you are having dinner at his house he brings out salted cherry blossoms for you. The Jap is always polite, but once in a while he slips from grace — and when he does he is up against it, for there are no swear words in the Japanese language. When a Japanese meets you he bows three times and takes off his hat, but does not shake hands. When he greets you his first concern is about your ancestors and next about your stomach. It would be almost an open insult for one Japanese to meet another without asking him how his stomach fared. On the third bow he asks, “This morning, how is it with your honorable insides? ” As you come up on your third bow you answer to the effect that the place mentioned is doing as well as could be expected and in turn ask him what news he has had from the front. Then he lifts his hat again and says, “Your delightful head this morning, I hope it have no commotion.” When you tell him that you are pleased to report that it feels well this morning, he asks about a few generations of honorable ancestors and then you are free to take up the weather. Even though they are elaborately polite, once in a while one Japanese will get mad at another. Their anger kindles slowly at first, finally fanning into a blaze that knows no staying. But even though there is a torrent of emotion seething in his soul there are no words to give it vent; it keeps surging harder and harder until he throws aside all restraint and gives up all idea of decency by putting into one phrase all his bitterness and snapping squarely intc the other man’s astonished face the worst thing that can be said in the whole language, “Your stomach is not on straight!” This is the final insult; nothing more can be added — he has cast the glove. There is nothing left for him to do but to give his enemy a cutting look, turn on his heel and haughtily clap-clap away on his wooden shoes. NEVER SAW GLOVES Japanese women never wear gloves. Thousands upon thousands of Nippon natives have never seen a pair of gloves. One day as an American girl and I were walking through a small village some distance from Tokio we were at a loss to understand why such a large crowd gathered around us on the street. In a small town an American always gathers a crowd, but this crowd was particularly thick and excited — and when the Japanese do any looking they want to do it up close. The natives kept looking at my partner, point- ing and jabbering away .wildly excited. The crowd kept get- ting tighter and tighter, while with our hands on our noses we kept trying to push out. They kept pointing at her hands, then at her face, and not until one of them reached over and felt of her hands did we understand what was the matter. The girl with me had on a pairc/ black gloves. MUSICAL INTERLUDE Japanese maidens are fond of the samisen, an instru- ment somewhat like a guitar — in appearance. FOUR GENERATIONS HERE Children, mother, grandmother and great-grandmother form a rather unusual family group in Japan. SOME ADVENTURES WITH JAPANESE POLITENESS SOLID COMFORT The larger baby is in harge of the smaller one, and both seem to find the world a pleasant place. HAD always heard that there was lots of politeness in Japan but I had hardly expectec to find that it often blocked traffic. When two Japanese meet on the narrow streets you've got to wait until the ceremony is over, or go around. On meeting they do not shake hands and have it over with as we do back home, but begin bow- ing and each asking the other the latest news from his worshipful ancestors. It would be an open insult — smack in the face — for one Japanese to meet another without asking him how his ancestors fared. Their an- cestors are always an open subject for discussion; a Jap is never too busy to engage in conversation about his dear, departed forebears. The weather can look out for itself; the gripping topic is how some of the ancestors are getting along who passed to their reward a couple of hundred years ago. When two Japanese meet they stop squarely in the mid- dle of the street and begin bowing. Their bow is not just a twitch of the head; instead of that it begins at the waist, sweeping over the entire upper part of the body, even to the outlying hands, bending the figure over until it looks like a great inverted V teetering for a moment on one prong. There are traces of the Colonial in their bow, with a pronounced military strain running through it. When they are doubled over, one of them says to the other, “Oh, honored sir, to what do I owe my great good fortune that I have the pleasure of meeting such an esteemed man this day?” The other man with his head down comes quickly back with, “You do me a great honor with such words and I only wish that I were worthy of them. May 1 crave your indulgence while I ask how your stomach finds itself this morning?” ANCESTORS RUN SECOND The first concern of one Japanese on meeting another is to know how the other’s stomach fares and after this momentous question is settled they pass on to their ancestors, who while the conversation is on the stomach have to take a back seat. “ It is kind of you to inquire and your splendid thought- fulness shall long be remembered. It is with pleasure that I answer that my stomach does me nicely and I beg leave to ask if you can report a satisfactory state.” “I know ofYio one who is so thoughtful and kind as you are aftid I take great pleasure in telling you that my bodily being is quite satisfactory and hasten to ask how rest your honored ancestors?” “You honor me and I take pleasure in answering that they rest well and it gives me great joy to ask how your even more honored ancestors rest today.” Still bowed, the other replies, “Those whom you have honored by asking about fare well and now that you have been so gracious as to make inquiry about them they will rest even better.” Whether they are standing in the middle of the sidewalk, or in a door, the whole ceremony must be gone through with. If a Japanese were run- ning madly down the street to turn in a fire alarm and he met an old friend with a number of honored ancestors, the building would be a total loss. Just as you think that the ceremony is about over and that the janitor will soon be around turning out the lights, they begin bowing again. With his hat held across his breast as if attend- ing the obsequies of a brother member of the lodge, one breaks out afresh, with “I am grateful for your kindness and only wish that I were worthy of it. I hope you will do me the honor of a continuance of your acquaintance.” To which the other comes back without a moment’s hesitation, “If you will allow me to claim you, kind sir, as an acquaintance, the honor will be far more than 1 am worthy of. I am full of shortcomings and shall feel grateful if such an exalted personage as yourself will deign notice such an unworthy creature as I.” With this the two straighten up, put on their hats and walk down the street together while all is peace and sunshine — the two have met and greeted each other after the usual Japanese fashion. But in all this time they have not shaken hands. They do not believe in shaking hands, for why shake hands- when the time could be spent in getting a line on the other’s exalted ancestors? A SERIOUS OMISSION Lately the handshake has been brought into Japan by a few Japanese who have traveled THE LITTLE BHOWN JUG The little brown man is pouring sake, the national drink, out of it. Sake is always drunk hot. LAUNDRY IN PUBLIC I‘t is not considered bad form to wash the family linen in public, even in front of the house if there happens to be a stream there. abroad, but the kiss has never been introduced into the flowery kingdom. The women of Japan know nothing about it. They are so dainty and pretty that it’s a shame. There is no use in one’s trying to open up this pleasant field to them, for his efforts will get a cold reception. The reason that the efforts of a person philanthropically in- clined get such a chilling reception is that they hold that kissing is vulgar. AFTERNOON TEA IN A HIGH-CLASS JAPANESE HOME The lady of the house is entertaining two guests. She is the second from the left of the picture, the maid being first. The round wooden box contains rice, and between the two guests is the little brazier at which cigarettes are lighted. nd the worst trouble is, the future doesn’t seem any brighter. The Japanese are so polite that they clap it on in the most unexpected places. To them a hand is a hand, but a foot is a most honorable foot. It is always spoken of with the double super- lative. A Japanese would not think of mentioning your foot — it would be your most honorable foot. To ask about your honor- able foot would be to show that the person lacked caste — it must be most honor- able. It is of their eating manners that the Japanese are par- ticularly proud. They think they are about the last word when it comes to dining-room polish. The more noise you make at a Japanese table the better mannered you are. If you don’t smack your lips it shows that you have no appreciation of the food. The way you drink your tea shows your bringing up. To drink it quietly shows that you haven’t had the advantage of culture and association. But if you gurgle it until the waves dash high it shows that you are a gentleman of refinement. Their eating implements consist of a pair of chopsticks and a couple of supple wrists. When they begin with their chopsticks on a full bowl of rice, there is a steady roll that reminds one of a snare drummer trying to sign for another season. Holding the bowl slightly below the chin with one hand, they roll the sticks with the other, and in a startlingly few seconds the rice is gone. NICETIES ABOUT EATING But with all that, they have their niceties about eating. One day as I was going along the street I saw a candy man sitting on a stool beside his cart fashioning delicacies with his two flying thumbs. Taking a ball of candy mixture he would give it a few pinches, a twist, dab on a red spot and there would be a fish. Taking up another ball he would give it a few twists and he would have a radish. Half a dozen of these he would put into a thumb-made candy plate, the size of a chocolate wrapper, and sell for half a cent. Buying a plate of tiny delicacies I gave it to a girl expecting to see her down it in good old American fashion, but instead of falling on it greedily she made a courtly bow and tore down the street as fast as her wooden shoes would let her. I looked after her in astonishment, thinking that this upset every child theory I had, and de- termined to try it again. So I waited until the two flying; thumbs had molded another delicacy and proffered this to a second child. Down the street she flew, too, her wal- nut knot of hair wobbling excitedly. When 1 bought the third delicacy I gave it to a child that was weighted down with a baby on her back and followed after, while she went bobbing down the street, the baby’s head rolling heavily. I found her sitting on the floor, eating the sirupy fish and candy radishes with many delighted sucks and appreciative grunts. Then I understood: it was not polite to eat on the street, but under her father’s gray tile roof it was the height of form to dispose of the sweets with all the gustatory gurglings that her delighted soul wished. Even when a Japanese has taken up American ways and fully believes that he is Anglicized to the core, there is nothing that brings shame to him quicker than to walk down the street with an American friend who insists on stopping at a fruit stand and eating an apple. He will twist and squirm in silence, keeping his eyes averted for fear of meeting some one he knows, finally giving up the struggle and walking along in advance as if he were not with the person so ill-bred as to eat an apple in public. STRANGE HAPPENINGS IN A JAPANESE HOTEL T A GIRL OF ALL WOKS. Japanese young wo- man, who also acted as hotel chamber- maid, doing a big "wash.” Cold water is always used in Japan for laundry purposes, although the people bathe in very hot water. |HERE is nothing in the world that makes a person feel farther from home than to come panting up to the station platform of a small town away in the interior of Japan and see his train scooting down the track with a frightened expression on its rear platform as if it feared that he might yet dash out and overtake it. A fellow w'ould then sign y away his property for just one glimps of a checker game, a pair of suspender; and a taste of American pie. I watched the train until was a tumble bug trying to get up a hill, then said lightly to myself as if the whole thing was settled, “Oh, well I’ll just go down to the hotel, read a while and turn in It sounded so easy — just order a room and hang the light over the foot of the bed. I started down the narrow path with a huddle of houses on each side that called itself a street, looking for hotel. I hadn’t a very' clear idea of what a Japanese hotel should look like, but I felt th one couldn’t look like anything I had yet seen. A few blocks along, I came to a low, thick- set building which seemed to have possibilities, so I pounded on the sliding doors with my knuckles. Slowly the doors parted until a girl’s face was framed. “Is this a hotel?” I asked. She answered something, but I hadn’t any idea in the world what it was. I felt that she didn’t under- stand me and I knew good and well that I didn’t get the drift of her remarks. “ I want to stay all night.” PROVED TO BE A BANK With that she disappeared and came back with an older woman. “ I want to put up at your hotel,” I said desperately, pushing myself in, sitting down on the elevated floor and beginning to unlace my shoes. There was a window in the wall as though it might be a clerk’s and on the stairway was a bamboo handrail that I could see led upstairs. The two women began to get excited and called a man, who got excited, too. Never before had I had a visit at a hotel cause such a flurry as this one was doing. The man hurled a quiver of questions into my face. Putting my head on my hand I closed my eyes and broke into a wild tremb- ling snore. Still they did not understand and kept motioning me to leave, while up and down the street the news spread, and in a few moments the door was set with brown faces. The man jumped down off the floor and getting behind me pushed me out into the street while I hopped along with one shoe on and one shoe off. The doors clapped behind me and I was locked outside. While I was still wondering what was the matter one of the crowd shouted “Ginko!” and I nearly fainted for that is the Japanese word for bank — I had been trying to break into a bank, thinking that it was a hotel! I trembled at what might have happened if I had insisted on going any farther. I set up such a brisk pace that I soon lost the crowd and stopping before another building that looked as if it had possibilities I called out, “Ginko?’ and deciding that the answering jabber meant no I leaned over on the floor and gave a resounding snore. There was no doubting what the snore meant and so they bowed for me to come in. Removing my shoes I set them down on the steps and came inside. Hearing smothered laughter I turned and there were they pointing at my shoes as they loomed along- side of the small wooden Japanese shoes. I had to laugh, too, at the flotilla of wooden shoes around my deep sea pair. ROOM WITHOUT FURNITURE What interested me most was something to eat and open- ing my mouth to its fullest I pointed in. They motioned me to follow upstairs, but I held back showing that I wanted the dining-room, not the bedroom. Seeing a door which I thought must be the dining-room I pushed it open — but it was the kitchen — so thinking that they knew more about things than I did I let them lead me up- stairs. When the girl pushed back the sliding doors my heart crawled down another step, for there was only one piece of furniture in the room — a seat that looked like a two-legged milk stool covered with carpet. There wasn’t a single chair in the room and no place to i hat or coat — nothing except a bare room i a heavy matting on the floor and one f my toes brazenly peeping through my stocking. I started to sit down on the milk stool, but it squirted out from under me while the servant girl made no effort to hide her laughter. Dropping down on the floor she showed me how to use the milk stool by sitting on the floor and leaning one arm on it like a picture before Pompeii. She took my hat and coat and I wondered where she was going to hang them, for there wasn’t a single nail or hook in the room. Carrying them over to the wall, she A TYPICAL FACTORY Umbrella makers at work. The men sit on the floor and keep busy in this way all day. Umbrellas made of paper of various colors are in universal use in Japan. pushed back a small sliding door and placed them on a shelf and brought me back a kimono that reached only to my knees. She motioned for me to get into it and started down the hall. I got out of my clothes and was just slipping into the kimono when I heard her coming; I called to her to stop, bit she did not understand so I wrapped the kimono around me the best way I could and tried to keep it together, for there were no buttons on it. On the floor she placed a table and on it a pot of tea. The table was just barely a foot high and there was no milk or sugar for the tea, for these things spoil tea to a Japanese. Then she came with a plate of fish, a bowl of rice and a little square box with a bamboo tube in it, and a bowl. In the bowl was a glow of charcoal; soon I puzzled out that this was for lighting cigarettes and the bamboo for drop- ping the butts into. The first thing a Japanese thinks of is tea and the next is cigarettes. NO PLACE FOR KNEES I started to draw up to the table, but I could not find a place for my knees. They wouldn't let me get near enough the table to carry out my designs on the fish. Seeing mv trouble the girl dropped down to show me how. She turned her feet back with her toes pointing straight behind her and sat down, her face in one direction and her toes in another. It looked easy— -but it brought me up with a short breath. No European can sit in such an attitude. Putting one leg under the table, with one bare knee glistening on the side, I bent over the table to proceed with the eating — but here I ran up against a snag; all I had to eat with was chopsticks. Weaving them through my fingers I tried to break off a piece from the slab of fish, but it wouldn’t break. I turned it over hoping to spring it, but with my wobbling sticks I could only grease the plate. Openly the girl laughed — it was better than a pic- ture show to her. She showed me how it should be done — by lifting the whole fish with the sticks and taking bites as if it were a piece of bread. The next dish was something that puzzled me: in a round wooden dish, about the size of the bowl that used to come in a package of oatmeal, were white squares of meat in hot water. I worked out a piece and ate it and asked her through signs what it was. She threw out enough for a paragraph, but that did not bring me light. I asked her again and away she went and came back with a book and coming up close pointed to the picture of— a horse! I had been eating horse meat. Something in me began to sink, leaving me weak and limp. Although she brought me two or three more things to eat, I waved them aside — my appetite for the time had been appeased. HARD WORK TO REGISTER The maid came with a book and a pen — a Japanese pen, which is a small round paint brush, like the old camel’s hair brush they used to paint our throats with, and motioned me to write, but I hadn’t any idea in the world what she expected me to write. Taking up the book, which was about the size of an almanac, I began to study it and at last it dawned on me what it was — the hotel register' It is the law in Japan that the book wherein the guest has registered must be sent to the police before midnight, and as a result it is a serious thing for a Japanese landlord to let a person spend the night under his roof without registering. I wrote my name and handed the book back to her, but she pointed to another square. I couldn’t think of any- thing else that a person usually put on hotel registers so I handed the book back. She thrust it into my hands again with a whirl of words, but I could make nothing of them; at last she disappeared for a moment and came back with a clock. And then I wrote down seven o'clock! I started to hand back the book but she pointed to another square for me to fill out. I began to feel as if I were tak- ing a civil sendee examination. I had registered my name and address, and the hour I wanted to get up — surely there was nothing else to put down. But the way she kept gesticulating and hurling words it was plain to be seen that there was some- thing else. Placing her hand on the floor she brought it up and up until it reached the topof my head, but this was more than I could fathom. She measured off some more stairsteps, and carried an imaginary' infant in her arms, but still the idea would not wedge into my head. She went at the stairsteps again — and suddenly light dawned She wanted to know how old I was and was showing my growth from a baby up AN ORIENTAL KITCHENETTE The kitchen of a Japanese hotel. It is not very large and is furnished with the simplest utensils. The servant does most of her work in it while on her knees. INTERESTING VIEWS OF VARIOUS HAPPENINGS FROM COAST TO COAST ELEVEN KILLED IX CAVE-IN AT AKRON, OI1IO The Crystal restaurant, in Akron, Ohio, slid into a deep excavation for a new building next door, at the dinner hour on May 1916 The foundation of the restaurant building had been weakened y blasts used in making the excavation, and the walls collapsed. Eleven persons were kil ed and many injured. The photograph shows the police and fire departments working to extricate victims from the debris. CORNELL STUDENTS BELIEVE IN PREPAREDNESS Maneuvers during the two-d ly inspection of the Cornell Cadet Corps. The kirmish line is sup- porting a machine gun section in a sham battle. WEBSTER St FTEVEXB SEATTLE’S NEW DRY DOCK IN SERVICE Seattle is justly proud of its 12,000-ton dry dock, which is here shown with three vessels undergoing repairs at once. It is one of the largest and best-equipped dry docks on the Pacific and is a factor in the development of Seattle as a port. The shortage of ships caused by the war has brought out of retirement all the old d.scarded vessels that can be made to float, and dry docks and shipyards are experiencing a rush that they have not known since the dec'ine of the American merchant marine that fol- lowed the War Between the States. This condition prevails the world over, and it was recently reported that a sailing vessel launched in 1776 had been refitted in Norway and had again entered the ocean trade. NEWARK CELEBRATES Newark, N. J., celebrated its 250th birthday with a six- months carnival, one of the gala days of which was the great parade in May 1916. The photograph shows the New Jersey National Guard field artillery passing through the principal street. Newark has a population of 350,000. It was founded QUARTER MILLENNIUM 0 PTR1GHT INT’t FILM BFRV1CB in May, 1666, by Puritans from Connecticut, under Captain Robert Treat of Milford, who were dissatisfied with “the Christless rule” in Connecticut after the merging of the New Haven and Connecticut Colonies. The specific objection was that the right of franchise was not limited to church members. ITS Mr. Crawford gives the interesting story of the man who is stated to have the greatest power in purchasing in the markets of the world that any man has ever possessed. T HAT America, in her hour of necessity, is able to avail herself of the financial genius of Bernard M. Baruch is due to the advice of the work -renowned phrenologist, Dr. Fowler. “How did Bernard happen to get into finance,’’ you ask J “I'll tell you,” began his aged father, Dr. Simon Barich. “It was a chain of circumstances. You see, when Bernard was a boy, we took him to Dr. Fowler, a thing that was quite in vogue at that time. We had intended to have him follow my profession of medicine, but the phrenologist said it would be a shame to make a doctor out of this boy, that while he would make a good physician, he was cut out for big business. “‘He would make a great railroad president, or an eminent financier,’ said Dr. Fowler. ‘He has big visions and ought to be allowed to cultivate them. He is a practical dreamer and could make his dreams come true!’ This did not make much of an impression on me, but it sank deep into his mother’s heart. She determined that her boy should establish a name for himself in the financial world. She impressed on his mind from the be- ginning that he was to be a financial genius. “One day, they were walking down Fifth Avenue. They passed the pa- latial home of the Whitneys. She pointed it out to him, saving, ‘Bernard, one day you will live in a great, big house like that, and it will be all your own.’ She believed in his future financial triumphs. The idea was transferred to his mind, the seed was planted. It needed only opportunity to de- velop, which came about in a peculiar way. When Bernard was about 19 years old, his mother and I were spending the summer at Dong Branch, and he being employed in the city came down for week ends. One Saturday night Bernard failed to show up until late. His mother became anxious, and sent me out to find him. Remembering that most of the young bloods frequented the club houses, I went to one of the fashionable places, and there I found him, not gambling but watching the players with intense interest. His face was aglow as he watched the high stakes being lost and won. I ordered him home at once, severely reprimanded him for visiting such places and told him that as a punishment he must take the first train back to New York in the morning, without enjoy ing his usual Sunday holiday. Bernard obeyed me, but seemed very much depressed and disheartened by my severity He was his mother's darling, and she noting the look of suffering and humiliation upon his face, followed him to the city on the next train to comfort him. On the train she met a New York banker who informed her that he was looking for a young man to learn the banking business. Quick as a flash, she thought of the advice of Dr. Fowler, and that this was the opportunity for Bernard for which she had waited so long. He accepted the position offered.” Thus began the financial career of Bernard M. Baruch, a career in which he has been exceedingly successful. Mr. Baruch is not a politician; he had been too busy accumulating the shekels to take an active interest in pol.* tics, until Mr. Wilson’s first campaign. At that time he was invited by Mr. William F. McCombs, then chairman of the. National Democratic Committee, to meet Mr. Wilson, at his hotel in New York. A friend says in regard to this visit; “I am quite sure that Bernard would never have taken an interest in politics or held any public office had it not been due to his intimate association with Mr. William F. McCombs, who was a fel- low member of the board of trustees of the College of the City of New York. At the meetings of the Board they be- came good friends, and when McCombs took up the duties as Chairman of the National Democratic Committee, he suc- ceeded in interesting Baruch in Mr. Wilson’s campaign and arranged a meeting between them. By the way, it was with the greatest difficulty that Bernard was persuaded to accept a trusteeship of his alma mater. He said that, while he con- sidered it a great honor, h • was too busy to engage in public affairs. I am convinced that this acceptance and consequent intimacy with McCombs is responsible for his entering into national affairs." In speaking of this visit Mr. Baruch says: “I was so impressed with the man’s high ideals and uprightness and MEN WHO ARE WINNING THE WAR BERNARD M. BARUCH, KEEN BUYER, PURCHASING AGENT FOR THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT by WILLIAM II. CRAWFORD A BIT OF PRIDE IN LANDING A LARGE ONE MR. BARUCH ON A FISHING TRIP THE END OF A DAY’S HUNT— HUNTING IS MR. BARUCH’S FAVORITE SPORT breadth of vision, that I became his ardent supporter from that mo- ment." He contributed liberally to the Wilson campaign fund and worked assiduously among his finan- cial friends for Mr. Wilson’s elec- tion, but he took no part on the hustings, for, as he says, he never made a speech in hi; life. After Mr. Wilson’s election, he con- sistently supported him, without any political rewards or desire for political advancement. However, when the National Council of Defense was formed, the bill also authorized the appointment of an advisory commission, and he was asked to become a member of this body. Each cabinet member of the council was allowed by the Presi- dent to suggest a member of the advisory commission, and Baruch was the selection of Josephus Daniels. This appointment came to him, not as a reward for financial contributions or political activities, but, because the country needed the best brains in the financial, industrial and labor worlds to aid in the management and conducting of the war. The Government needed men of executive ability, men who had a grasp of affairs, and Baruch was chosen as one of ‘‘the select.” He accepted the ap- pointment at a great financial loss, cutting himself loose from all busi- ness and devoting his entire time to the nation’s needs. Dr. Baruch informs me that his son had under- written a large munition enterprise that has become a veritable gold mine, but, feeling that he could not with justice to himself, and the Government be placed in a position where he might have occasion to be both selling and purchasing agent, he sacrificed his interest and control at a loss of more money than the aver- age man would make in a lifetime. The members of the advisory com- mission were not selected in advance as particular heads of the various boards afterwards formed. Upon organization, each member was assigned to that duty with which he was most familiar, and Baruch, on ac- count of his large experience in copper and other ores, was made chairman of the raw materials committee. He has conducted his board with signal success. He originated a policy in the handling of the contracts for the purchase of ( overnment supplies which has since been adopted by all the other members of the com- mission. He organized each individual industry, having the members appoint a president and directors to manage their affairs. He then purchased directly from each organized in- dustry, allowing the members to pro rate the Governmental orders among themselves. This plan has greatly simplified the nation’s business, and has enabled it to avoid confusion and delay. Mr. Baruch has secured the confidence and cooperation of big business, has avoided all favoritism and has placed the Government’s purchasing facilities on a safe, accurate, eco- nomical and speedy basis. So that for the first time, in any war, the conventional army contractors who have always amassed fortunes have been eliminated. So well has he conducted the management of his board, that it is under- stood he will be appointed the general purchasing agent for the United States Government and its allies. The slogan will be: “IF YOU HAVE ANYTHING TO SELL TO UNCLE SAMUEL SEE BARUCH." Mr. Baruch prides himself on the fact that his word is his bond, that he has never gone back on his friends, or taken undue or unjust advantage of an enemy, that while he has many enemies, he meets them fearlessly and his fights are conducted above board. The belief was widely spread at the time of the leak in Washington when the President gave out his peace message that Baruch had advance informa- tion as to the purport of the President’s message. This he emphatically denies: “In my entire business career," he says, “I have never re- ceived or given or acted upon any inside information on any subject connected with financial matters. Inside infor- mation and credit would break the Bank of England. A man who depends on inside information loses his perspective. I base my judgment upon a careful study of economic con- ditions and act accordingly.” Even the cynical Lawson testified in the leak trial that the charges were false, and Baruch was exonerated by the leak commission in the most complimentary manner. Bernard M. Baruch was born in Camden, S. C., on August 19th, 1870. His father was a famous physician in South Car- olina, and a surgeon in the Confederate army from 1862 until the surrender at Appomattox. His mother’s family, the (Continued on page 134) MEN WHO A HE WINNING THE WAR Marquezes, have been prominent in the South since before the Revolution. Her father was a cotton planter, and she is a prominent member of the Daughters of the American Revolution. The Baruchs are typical Southern gentlefolk. It seemed as if I had been suddenly trans- planted into a “before-the-war” plan- tation home when I called upon the Doctor and his wife. The white-haired father re- ceived me with the courtly dignity that is seen in the Sputhland, and Mrs. Baruch, with the queenly grace of a Southern grand- dame. I instinctively looked around for “black mammy ” and Aunt T)inah, the cook, and Sambo, the family coachman. There was no affectation in their manner, no false pride, simply refinement, culture and intel- ligence. You knew that this mother had implanted in the mind of her boy honesty and uprightness, and there was a ring of truth in her voice when she said: “My boys never lie.” Manifestly evil char- acteristics do not spring from such sources and environments as these. The family left the South as the sons grew up in order to secure better educational advantages. They settled in New York and the sons entered the public schools in 1880. Bernard later completed his education at the College of the City of New York, from which institution he graduated as a Bachelor of Arts when 19 years old. The day following his gradua- tion he went to work for Whitall, Tatum & Company, where he was assigned to the task of weighing the mails, at the munificent salary of $3.00 per week. After being em- ployed there a year, he secured the position in a small banking house under the circum- stances already related. Later his father went abroad to investigate the public baths of Europe, a visit which resulted in the pres- ent system of public baths in the United States, and took young Bernard with him. On the trip over he became acquainted with a Western business man. This acquaintance was the turning point in young Baruch’s life. His new-found friend opened his eyes to the limitless possibilities of financial enterprise in this growing and wonderful country of ours. He became thoroughly imbued with the remarkable opportunities for unlimited financial success that could be gained by the utilization of these as yet unworked fields. He came back to America with his mind fired with enthusiasm and his soul ablaze with ambition. During his absence his mother had secured a position for him with the growing firm of A. A. Houstnan. Here he had an opportunity to come in contact with the big financial men of Wall street. They were impressed by his earnestness, by his clear business sense and his financial fore- sightedness. He made friends here that were helpful to him in his subsequent finan- cial career. For the firm he engineered trades, secured influence and solved finan- cial problems that made him invaluable to them, so that three years later they took him into partnership, giving him an eighth interest in the business, rather than have him leave their employ. So successful was he as a partner, that their wealth increased by leaps and bounds. He entered the firm at the age of 26, and retired when 32, with more than a million dollars capital, although he had invested no money in the business, and had received no financial backing from his father or any other source. His father had given him $600 with which to speculate prior to this time, but this he had promptly lost. This, as his mother naively expresses it, “Bernard has since paid us back.” While a clerk in the bank, he had taken a night course in public accounting, eco- nomics and law, and had passed his bar examination. After his retirement he went to Europe for a rest of six months, intending, upon his return, to take up the practice of law. He had expected to remain abroad for several years, but six months was all the loafing he could do. His energetic body' and tireless mind chafed under the burden of idleness. “It was the hardest six months of my life, when I had nothing to do,” he says. Before he could begin the practice of law, some of his business friends, who had confidence in his financial judgment, per- suaded him to take a trip o.it West to in- vestigate conditions for them. While on this trip he purchased the Liggett & Myers Tobacco Company of St. Louis, outright, and sold it to the Consolidated Tobacco Company. Continuing his trip to the Coast, he purchased the San Francisco Smelter for the Guggenheim interests. Both of these deals were highly profitable to him. They changed his whole future career. He had secured a taste of specula- tion on a big scale in industrial enterprises for himself. He had caught the fever, and all chance of a life of ease and quiet was sent glimmering. He was eager for the fray, and the millions came piling in. His judgment in financial matters was such that everything he touched turned to gold. Big business enterprises had him engineer their important deals. Morgan and Keene and other giants of finance were among his patrons. He continued his success without a setback until called to serve his country. Intrusted with the handling of thousands of millions of dollars for the Government and its Allies, Baruch has determined that he will in no way profit by the country's ne- cessity. This sense of absolute fairness to his clients, of which Uncle Sam is at present the sole one, is illustrated by a story told me by his father. “Mr. Morgan had in- structed him to purchase the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. I told him one day, if Morgan is buying the stock, I think I will invest my little savings in it too, to which he replied: ‘Father, if you do, I will never speak to you again. Mr. Morgan has given me his confidence, and if through my knowledge of his inten- tion to secure control of the road, he has competitors in the field, even on a small scale, it would be betraying his confidence. I had rather give you the money than have you take advantage of my knowledge.”' Barney! — excuse me, Bernard — for he objects very seriously, to being called Barney, and attributes this nickname to James R. Keene, with whom he became quite friendly while at Housmans. About the time that Baruch became a marked figure in the financial world, Barney Barnato was the plunger of the universe. Keene christened them the “Two Barneys” and the name stuck. Well then, Bernard Baruch is a tall man; when you look at him, keep your eyes traveling up until they have reached an elevation of 6 feet, 4 inches, and you will see his iron gray hair. He has an athletic build, without a pound of superflous flesh. He has not lost his great physical power and is able to take a 65-pound dumb-bell and hoist it with one hand over his head. His features are sharp and chin strong. He has a roman nose, gray eyes which evidence a keen sense of humor, together with a kindly cynicism that is patently apparent. His clothes are well cut and of expensive material, but he wears them with a careless negligence that would indicate that in his opinion dress was of very little importance. His family ties are ideal. He and his wife are devoted to each other. His parents adore him. His relationship with his brothers is one of complete unity. His three children worship him. The servants of his household love him. This is instanced by a story of his “ mammy.” Some years since, he and his father visited his birthplace in South Carolina. The doctor, who was in advance, espied an old negro woman working in the field, and thought he recognized her as the nurse of his children. So he called her — -“Minerva,” she looked up, recognized the Doctor and came running forward, saying: “Lord sake if dar ain’t Doctor Baruch. How is you all, and whar is my ‘Bunch’?” “Bunch,” being the nickname she had given Bernard u'hen a boy. Just then, Bernard came up. “Thar is my child,” she exclaimed as she grabbed him. “Her child” asked her how she was getting along, and she told him mighty poorly. “My husband he done dead, and I ain’t struck no good white folks like you-all was since you left.” Her “Bunch” purchased her a home and gave her an annuity sufficiently large to support her for the rest of her life. From friends I have learned that Mr. Baruch does a great deal of unostentatious philanthropy. He has entrusted most of this work to the hands of his wife. Mrs. Baruch is thoroughly in sympathy with her husband’s desires along philanthropic lines, and devotes a large portion of her time to charitable w r ork. Among other things, they have built and endowed a hospital in their native city. Fe has given also a complete hydro-therapeutic outfit to Vanderbilt Clinic, and recently gave $50,000 to the Red Cross Fund. Mr. Baruch is fond of golf, but plays a very poor game. Lis principal pleasure is shooting ducks at his w inter home in South Carolina. Fie is particularly fond of reading about the lives of great men. Napoleon is his hero and he now has a large collection of Napoleonano. Bernard M. Baruch, having risen to the top of the financial world by his keenness, intelligence and industry, is now devoting his life to the serving of his country, and will, after the war, utilize his means and energy for the betterment of his fellow-man. MAJOR GENERAL JOHN JOSEPH PERSHING, TO WHOM, AS COMMANDER OP THE UNITED STATES ARMY IN FRANCE. FAME BECKONS by WILLIAM EL CRAWFORD Y OU may talk about your Bakers, and your Scotts, your Hoovers and Baruchs; they have done and are doing excellent work, but the man- of-the-hour is Major General John Joseph Persh ing. Preparatory work is necessary, directing heads are essential, but the man who does things at the front is the man in the limelight; he captures the glory, or shoulders the blame. The work of the directors amounts to nothing, unless the man commissioned to execute their plans has the ability and the courage to carry them out. Pershing meets the crowning opportunity of his career under auspicious circumstances. At the beginning of his duties as Generalissimo of the Ameri- can forces in France, he has the hearty cooperation of our Allies; America is gratified at the glorious reception he has received abroad, and behind him stand the American people. The best blood of our land is soon to be at his service, and he has the unlimi- ted backing of the Govern- ment, with soldiers, munitions and money. It remains to be seen whether he will be able to cap his past glorious career with victory in the Titanic struggle for universal liberty. Germany, which has consistently scouted the possibility of America’s landing a sufficient force in France to be of efficient service to our Allies, is due to have a rude awakening. Pershing has already a considerable force of American soldiers, who have been trained in the Philippines and in the Mexican campaign. These men will be able to give an excellent account of themselves. Within a few months, there will be added to his forces hundreds of thousands of National Guardsmen, and still later six hundred and twenty-five thousand men, which are to compose the first National Army, a very respectable showing for a country that Germany thought was of such little military importance that she might insult it with impunity. Americans will be interested in knowing something of the personality, ability and history of the man into whose hands the momentous task has been intrusted. Pershing was born in i860 on a farm in Missouri. His mother was a Tennessean, and he inherits Southern chivalry and Western hardihood. In his boyhood days, he was inspired by the example of General Grant to become a soldier. The acme of his ambitions was to march at the head of troops and hear the "bugle sound an advance. However, there seemed little likelihood that his ambitions would ever be realized. Like Agri- cola, he was following the plow when informed that he had received an appointment to West Point. It was by chance that he was allowed to enter the army. The Congressman from his district was anxious to secure the country vote, and looking over his list of rustic applicants he picked out the name of young Pershing at random. It was a lucky selection for America when his hands lighted upon the application of this country ploughboy. General McIntyre, who was a classmate of Pershing at West Point, says "he was a husky youth, more than six feet tall, spare, brawny, muscular, and was considerably older than the average youth on entering the academy, having reached the age of twenty-two.” His face was ruddy and thoroughly browned by the Missouri sun and his life in the open had given him splendid health. The more elite West Pointers from the effete East were inclined to poke fun at the rustic Southerner, but they did not laugh long. A few interesting fights in true West Point style backed up by evidence of his Hotspur temper soon convinced hazers that they could find other subjects of merriment that were safer. Pershing was green, but his uprightness and courage carried him safely over pitfalls that usually beset the path of a country boy. He was not an excellent student, standing about the middle of his class, which was, by the way, the largest that had ever entered West Point, but he was a born GENERAL PERSHING ON THE MARCH No other soldier in the ar.ny has seen more active service than the commander of the American expeditionary force. He is seen here fording a river on his expedition into Mexico after Villa. JUST BEFORE LEAVING FOR FRANCE This portrait photograph of Major General Pershing was taken in Washington a few days before he sailed to prepare for the arrival of the American army. soldier. Books and book knowledge W'ere to him unfortunate adjuncts to learning the profession of arms. He took to military training from the beginning, securing as a third classman the rank of first corporal, and in his third year that of first sergeant, these ranks being the highest attain- able by a student in his second and third years. He graduated as senior captain of the corps of cadets, this showing that he was regarded by the military officers as the most ideal soldier of his class. It is more remarkable when it is re- membered that in class standing one-half of the students surpassed him, and scho- lastic standing counts for a percentage in the selection of officers. Pershing took a great interest in athletics, and was the best horse- man at West Point, being able to vie with circus performers as a skilled bareback rider. He was one of the most expert cavalrymen that ever rode at West Point. He graduated in 1886 and was assigned to a cavalry regiment then stationed in Arizona, where he distinguished himself within a year by performing a feat of endurance that has rarely, if ever, been equaled in the American army. Gen- eral Miles officially compli- mented him for having brought a body of soldiers one hun- dred and forty miles in forty- six hours without the loss of a horse or a trooper. Not even so much as a canteen was missing. The young officer took part under General Garr in the pursuit and cap- ture of Geronimo, the Apache, who had caused the United States so much trouble, following him far beyond the Mexican border. His western campaigns were not directed solely against the red man. The cattle thief and out- law learned to respect and fear the rugged young officer. On one occasion he caotured with- out firing a gun a body of des- peradoes who had sworn to die with their boots on rather than surrender; but recognizing the bravery and dogged deter- mination of the young cavalryman, they surrendered without resistance. After the subduing of the West was accomplished, Pershing was ordered to the State University of Nebraska as military instructor. The effect of his military genius is still shown in this school, the Government having recognized it as one of the schools of sufficient military excellence to allow the appoint- ment of some of its graduates to commissions in the United States Army. While stationed at Lincoln, he met two young men and they became bosom friends. They were classed by a humorous paragrapher in a Lincoln paper as “The Three Musketeers.” Strange as it may seem these three men afterward became famous; each succeeded in reaching the top of his chosen field. Charles E. Magoon had a predeliction for diplomacy, so much so, that in semi-humorous conceit his chums called him the “Ambassador.” Magoon afterward became Governor General of Cuba, and directed the affairs of the island republic so well that he converted it from a revolution-ridden island, near to bankruptcy, into a prosperous, peaceful coun- try. Jesse Burkett had a view for statescraft and used to spout to his friends political economy with all the wisdom of a Webster; later he became L'nited States Senator from Nebraska. John J. Pershing, the third musketeer, was dubbed the “General” and is today the outstanding military figure of America. The three met while attending law school, for Pershing utilized his idle hours while at the University by studying law, taking the degree of LL.B. His excellent showing as a military instructor at the University of Nebraska attracted the attention of the War Department, and he was assigned to West Point as an instructor in military tactics. At the Academy he was thoroughly hated by the boys who tried to shirk and equally loved by those who tried to do their duty, for he had already developed his striking characteristics of being kind and forbearing MEN WHO A ME WINNING THE WAR to the faithful, but unusually stern to shirkers and recalcitrants. This character- istic, as will be shown later, served him to advantage in the Philippines. During the Spanish-American war, Persh- ing went with his regiment to Cuba, where he greatly distinguished himself for his bravery and daring. The colonel of his regiment said of him: 11 1 have never known a man so cool under fire.” Returning to the States he assisted in the organization of the Bureau of Insular Affairs and as its chief did excellent work. Later he was sent to the Philippines, where he was selected by General Otis to subdue the Moros around Lake Lenao. These were a warlike race of fanatical Mohammedans. They did not understand the benevolent intentions of the United States toward them, but believed that we in- tended to destroy their religion and make slaves of them; therefore, they fought with the daring desperation of religious fanatics. Captain Pershing marched his little body of troops into their territory. He sent for their sultan and told him that he wanted to be his friend, but that the authority of the United States must be recognized. Pershing temporized with him, in order to arrive at a peaceful conclusion of the con- troversy. Finally, his patience exhausted, he announced to the sultan that after a certain date force would be used in carrying out his commands. The sultan laughed with scorn. Was he not in his mountain fastness, sur- rounded by impassable roads, and were not his warriors in a crater of an extinct volcano? Was he not a true believer and a descendant of the Prophet? No handful of American troops could overcome him or drive him from his stronghold. At the appointed ti me Pershing advanced to the foot of the mountain. He cut circular roads around its base, and thoroughly picketed them with his troops. His sultan- ship soon saw that he was in for a siege that meant starvation. He made several sorties which were brilliantly repulsed. Finally he surrendered. Instead of treating his con- quered enemies cruelly as they had been accustomed to being treated by the Span- iards, he met them with a “howdy, let’s be friends," and with promises that as long as they respected the laws and recognized the authority of the United States they would be helped rather than hindered. Following service against the Moros, Pershing was called to Washington as a member of the General Staff. In 1905 he went to Tokio as military attache and as military observer attached to the staff of Kuroki’s army saw the severe fighting in Manchuria. He was a deeply interested student while with the Japanese forces, using his eyes and ears to advantage and allowing nothing to escape him. Alone at night he would plan out his method of attack as if he were in command, his re- ports to the Government on the war were very instructive and of inestimable value in making preparations for future conflicts. At the end of the war he was returned to the Philippines as Commander of Min- danao and Governor of Moro Province. In his new and larger field, he utilized the same policy of kindness, gentleness and fair- ness to those who were tractable, that he had used in his former experience. To the recalcitrants and rebels he showed the iron hand of power. One of the early acts of his administration was at the time severely criticized, but has since proved to be of great advantage in the pacification of the country. Weapons were as much an article of apparel among the natives as were swords in feudal times. No self-respecting native went unarmed. Pershing soon saw that it was dangerous to the peace of the community for a turbulent, dissatisfied race to be in possession of weapons. So he issued an order that on and after a certain date no Moros should be allowed to possess any arms. This hurt their pride of race and incited new rebellions, which he promptly and vigorously suppressed, but with so much justice that these same enemies became his fast friends. They learned to respect him because they knew that his word could be depended upon. That while he would be firm he would treat them with justice and fairness. These qualities they found in Pershing, therefore they loved him. He recognized their rights to their religion, and their duty of obedience to their heredi- tary rulers. He gave them liberty as fast as they earned it. They were apt pupils. So rapidly did they become civilized and ca- pable that on his recommendation civil government was established, giving them representation in the Philippine Congress, and allowing them, under an appointed governor, to manage their own affairs. So thoroughly did the natives respect Pershing that they elected him a hereditary datto, with powers of life and death. President Roosevelt was so much im- pressed with Captain Pershing’s rule that he advanced him to a brigadier-generalship, over the heads of a large number of officers. This aroused considerable opposition in the army, and was taken up by Congress when his confirmation was proposed. He had married the charming daughter of Francis E. Warren, who was chairman of the Mili- tary Affairs Committee of the United States Senate. His political enemies openly said that the President was influenced by the desire to please Pershing’s father-in-law. This statement so riled the President that he sent one of his accustomed vigorous letters to the senator saying he had forgotten that Pershing was a son-in-law of a senator when he nominated him for a generalship, and since it would be infamy to advance a man because he was a son-in-law of a senator, it would be equally infamous to refuse to advance him on that account. Pershing returned to America broken in health from the enervating climate of the Philippines. In 1916 he w r as ordered, under General Funston, to command the punitive expedition into Mexico for the capture of Villa, f e showed great executive ability and thorough military genius in this expedi- tion. Though greatly inconvenienced by the refusal of Carranza to allow the use of trains for the transportation of supplies, he marched his men into Mexico with great rapidity. By the establishment of wagon and automobile roads to his base of sup- plies, he succeeded in provisioning his army, in a semi-hostile country. By his tact and skilful management he kept up the prestige of the American army without offending the high-spirited Mexicans. It was a most severe diplomatic test and he met it with success. That he did not return to America with Villa in chains was no fault of his. Washington was anxious to avoid a rupture with the de-facto Mexican government. Pershing was, therefore, halted in his ad- vance, and ordered to return without his prisoner. Soon after his return war was declared with Germany and he was made commander of the American expeditionary forces. His past training has eminently fitted him for his work abroad. He has had more experience in actual warfare than any other of our generals. He has the confidence of the Government, of his officers and of the soldiery. He has hitherto shown himself an able soldier and a shrewd strategist. With the experience of a lifetime to guide him, and the confidence and support of America, he should make a glorious record for American arms and an imperishable name for himself. John J. Pershing is a tall, erect, spare man. He has strong features, a strong mouth which he uses but little, but what he says is to the point. He has a natural reserve that makes him appear stern, but in his moments of relaxation, he is most charming in manner. His reticence has been greatly accentuated by a great sorrow 7 which came into his life when his wife and three little ones lost their lives in a fire in the Presidio at San Francisco. His sternness is mixed with melancholy, and yet when he warms up his face is lighted with animation, and his conversation attracts attention by his di- rectness and the forceful manner in which he expresses himself, yet he is no orator. H e can address his soldiers upon military affairs, but this seems to be the limit of his elocution- ary powers. He is democratic and simple in his manners, has no false pride and is readily approachable by men who have business with him. General Pershing speaks with a most pronounced Southern drawl, and belies the statement that all Southerners are lazy, for he is one of the hardest-worked men in the army. Pershing’is a "firing-line” general. With him it never is “go charge the enemy” but “come on, boys,” That his duties as com- mander-in-chief of the American forces in France will prevent him from being on the firing-line will be the hardest part of his task. He never was a telephone or courier commander. He likes to ride at the head of his troops. He likes to be in the thick of the fight, and I do not doubt from what I know of the man that at the hour of battle he will forsake his headquarters for the field. Like the old fire horse he will, when he hears the music of the booming cannon and the shrill tenor of the small arm fire, be unable to re- strain himself, and will be found, like Henry of Navarre, where the battle rages fiercest. On one occasion in Mexico it was necessary for me to see General Pershing. I asked an old sergeant where he could be found, and he answered in a tone of disgust and surprise at my ignorance of the man, “At the front; where did you expect to find him.” The anecdote told about von Moltke, the silent, is equally appropriate for Gen- eral Pershing. Some humorous biographer said von Moltke could keep silent in seven- teen languages. Yet that great soldier cannot surpass Pershing in his proverbial silence, and I am not sure that he was superior to him in linguistic ability, for Pershing speaks many languages, and know's most of the Philippine dialects. He can converse with the Moro, or the Tagalog, and is acquainted with that peculiar hodge podge spoken by the natives around the cities of the Philippines, which is a strange mixture of Spanish, English and their native tongues. I believe that General Pershing’s cam- paign will resemble that of General Grant. He w'ill display the same bulldog determina- tion that was shown by our hero of the war in 1861-65. No amount of reverses will discourage him, no amount of successes turn his head, or over-elate him. He will proceed in a masterly manner without let-up to at- tack the enemy and overpower him by the strength of numbers. He will display the same indomitable energy and persistence, and when he has finally overcome them, he will further resemble Grant by his magnanimous treatment of the fallen foe. Strange Ways of Modern Warfare No construction so far devised has been able to resist the projectile hurled through the air by the “Minnenwerfer” (mine- thrower) which German mechanical ingenuity de- vised to magnify the horror of the grenade. When the great black shape comes hurtling through the air there is just one thing to do — run. It comes so slowly that it can be dodged, but its objective is usually the bomb-proof itself which is no proof at all against this giant bomb. CBHTRAL NEWS SERVICE (J. 8. SULLIVAN) This balloon kite attached to a drifter in the British navy off the English coast makes the best sort of lookout post. The balloons have been of great value in the war in offering a possibility of getting long-distance views. From such heights one sees a hundred miles. Only from the air can observers spy out submarines. It is prac- tically impossible to sight a periscope from the bridge or lookout station of a ship. PICTORIAL PRESS These great wooden cylinders wound with steel wires which throw a projectile almost a yard and a half in length were captured in the last Somme drive. They are now resting in the Invalides as souvenirs of a form of German Schrecklichkeii. V Formerly the Allies had no counter- weapon to meet the giant -bomb throwers, but new the British have perfected a machine more powerful and simpler. Hurling a shell equal in size to and more deadly in destructiveness than that of the 170 gun, this mortar, though short in range, will reduce any known form of forti- fication to bits. This weapon was captured on the heights of Marcevo by the French and a similar model was brought to this country and exhibited in New ^ ork at the Heroland Bazaar. It is shown loaded in another photograph. The great name of Gari- baldi has carried out its best tra< itions in Italy's hour of trial. General Peppino Garibaldi, grandson of the liberator, is seen above sur- rounded by American and British newspaper men. The pipes that have so often heartened the Scots- men to deeds that carried the day were never more welcome than when they sounded the relief on the plains of Venice. These troops were part of a Scotch regiment on their way to the Piave front; they were hurried there in the rick of time to stem the Austro-German drive that threat ened Venice, the I 'and City, and all of Italy. For the Eternal City France and Briton Reinforce the Italian Line Exclusive Photographs from the Press Illustrating Service m, **«"fc*=* France answered the call of a sister-nation in distress and the cheering sight of the sturdy poilu in his horizon blue put new 1 courage into the bat- / tered Italian armies. | The picture abovp shows French troops marching to the front through an Italian town. Perhaps no fighters have suffered more 19 hardships in the war \ than the sol hers of Italy, ' hardships that have come in a war against rock and ice in the Alps. In this ’ shell-scarred trench (on the left) an Italian barber is plying his trade serenelv. One more of Italy’s respon- sibilities is the occupation of the little country of Albania, a nation born of one war only to suffer under another, but brave enough to furnish a few of her sons to the Allied cause. The picture above shows a mitrailleuse manned by Al- banian soldiers. Jerusalem Under the Cross ZIHN To secure pure water for surgical purposes is one of the difficulties of desert fighting. In fact, water has been a great problem in the operations in Palestine. Here is a Hindu soldier operating a pressure filter to obtain pure water for the sureeons. Jerusalem, for which millions of crusaders and soldiers have aied in the past ten centuries, is now held by a British army under General Allenby. The Turks surrendered the city on December 9. The campaign in the Holy Land began last spring. The airplanes in the picture were covered with netting to prevent warping in the hot sun. Wounded Turkish soldier prisoners are being transferred from the front line to a base hospital on the backs of camels. Often the camel line stretched for miles across the broken country over which the British army passed. When General Allenby entered Jerusalem he did so on foot surrounded by the military attaches of the Allies. Here is Tommy with a talkative Arab sheik who was under arrest. Early in November the British captured Beer-sheba, forty miles south of Jerusalem. Also a coastal column penetrated the Ottoman lines southeast of Gaza and by November 7 Gaza was taken. Above at the right is a camp of wanderers near a town in Palestine. In Italy and Flanders The heaviest fighting of iqij has been on the Italian front and in northern France. One mountainous , the other flat and marshy , they offer entirely different problems for overcoming nature in man's great battle for supremacy , but strange to say the break in the clinch of trench warfare came in the moun- tains of Italy. \ A case of pick up your board and walk. These removable cork walks played an important part in many recent successful attacks in Flanders and France, not only in aiding foot troops to cross the marsh lands, but also in bringing up supplies and cannon. The all-pervading gas is no respecter of persons and does not confine its diabolical work to the fighting forces. It steals its way far back of the firing line, and has overcome peasants who were not properly equipped to fight it. Every village in the fighting zone is now equipped for combating the deadly tool of Kultur. This entire family is furnished with gas masks from baby to grandparent- On the Italian front, after the disas- trous drive by the combined Austro- German forces, the Allies awakened to the need of reinforcing Italy with men as well as with money and muni- tions. Quick action in dispatching relief from the western battle-front aided Italy materially by renewing the morale of her troops, although she had already checked the Teuton tide sweeping on to Venice. Perhaps at this juncture the American troops in France served a great purpose, for they were ready to relieve the French and British sent to Italy’s aid. The picture shows Italian rein- forcements on the road to defensive positions along the Piave River. Streams offer little resistance to the fighting men of all armies- Numerous ways are adopted of crossing them, but in Flanders where many of the rivers are shallow, simple portable bridges are used. They also serve in traversing marshy land that would im- pede progress. An experiment in gas attack is under way in the picture above. From Outlying Points They Flock to the Stars and Stripes NEWMAN AND BROWN <& DAWSON Porto Rico volunteers have taken the places of regulars who have gone to Panama to guard the Canal, thus releasing trained men for the front in France. It is not difficult to get volunteers for the service in Porto Rico, for the pay of the soldier and the quarters he is given far surpass anything to which the Porto Rican has been accustomed. HUC.H R. MILLER American Indian nurses trained at Carlisle Indian School are seen above. Many Indian nurses have taken up work in hospitals in this country, and others are already in Red Cross units at the French front. BROWN A/ I*aW80N At the left above is shown a native chief of the Samoan Islands in full war dress, and at the right a native in the service of the United States. Until the outbreak of the world war the control of the Samoan Islands was divided between Germany and the United States. In 1914 Ger- man Samoa was captured by an expeditionary force from New Zea- land. Natives such as those above are used in constabulary work under the command of U. S. marines. ^ MO NALLT England found her colonials lall.ving around the royal standard and likewise the United States found a kindred spirit among insular citizens. Hawaii, though over 2000 miles from the mainland, has a training camp all its own where 100 business men are trying for officers’ straps. In the National Guard of Hawaii are 1000 Filipinos, ready to fight as hard for Uncle Sam as they once were to fight him. Hawaii has the first United States military unit composed entirely of Japanese ever enrolled under the Stars and Stripes, and it is hoped this will be a bond cementing the friendship of Japan and the United States. Every Japanese member of the unit is Hawaiian born. Above Hawaii militia- aaen are seen at bayonet practice and the picture to the right shows what clothes can do to a Filipino. Hawaii’s fighting forces probably include representatives of more nationalities than those of any ether section of the Union. Destruction at Stricken Halifax Photographs from International Film Service When the shock came at the instant the Mont Blanc blew up, thousands of persons believed the Germans were bombarding the city. Sur- vivors report that the force of the explosion was terrible, many persons being killed by the concussion; hundreds were hurled against buildings, posts and pavement with such force that they died instantly. Practically all the northern and older part of Halifax, known as Richmond, was shattered by the terrific- concussion or wiped out by the fires that started at once. The more modern part, be- tween North Street and Pleasant Point, was shaken as by an earthquake, but the more solid buildings re- sisted serious damage to a large extent. The monstrous energy suddenly released by the blast swept irregularly over the country about Halifax. It did vast damage in Dartmouth, across the bay. The concussion broke windows sixty-one miles off and killed a telegrapher at his desk four miles from the bay. In the picture above is a demolished church. The great loss of life was in the Richmond district. This is built up for the most part of small wooden houses on narrow streets. Most of the dwellings were exposed to the full violence of the blow. Much of this section was flat- tened to the ground. Women at home, children at school and men at work were caught and crushed in a twinkling when their buildings sprung down on them like traps. When those who had escaped crushing in the wreckage could recover themselves they found fire in several spots in the Richmond section. Noth- ing could save great tracts from being burned over,. The dead will probably never be more than approximately known because of the many families of whom no trace except burned bones is left. ' CUBA’S GREATEST GALA DAY DRAWS QUARTER OF A MILLION In May, 1316, the Independence Day of the Republic of Cuba, Havana took the lead in the nation- wide celebration by dedicating a magnificent monument to General Antonio Maceo, the Cuban patriot. More than 250,000 people attended the unveiling, and 5,000 men marched in the parade. The soldiers, who were trained by United States army officers, presented an imposing spectacle. Cuba owes its independence to the United States, which freed it from Spanish misrule and without selfishness or reward placed the island republic on its feet as an independent nation; an example of national magnanimity that has no parallel in history. AFTER-DINNER SPEAKING In May, 1916, the Seattle, Wash., Chamber of Commerce held a banquet at the Hotel Wash- ington, in Seattle, and invited the Hon. Chauncey M. Depew, and Mr. John A. Sleicher, of New York, to make the addresses. But it was not necessary for these gentlemen to journey across the continent. They merely went to the Western Union offices in New York, where , F. B. HOWELL ACROSS THE CONTINENT special telephonic connections had been established, and spoke to an audience 3,184 miles away. The small oval picture above shows Mr. Depew speaking into the transmitter and Mr. Sleicher listening for the frequent applause. The large picture shows the banqueters listening to the speeches through individual receivers with which the tables were equipped. MAGNIFICENT PARADE OF WOMEN NEW YORK’S GREAT SUFFRAGE DEMONSTRATION PASSING LESLIE’S OFFICE October 23, 1916, a parade was held in New York City in favor of woman suffrage in which more than 30,000 women took part. Not only in size but in management, picturesque features and enthusiasm it was the great- est parade ever organized by women. The day was cool and fair and the route of the parade along Fifth avenue from Washington Square to Fifty- ninth street was lined with spectators. The demonstration was received with more enthusiasm than those of former years, and even the male suffra- gists were not jeered at by unsympathetic crowds as in the past. The splendid way in which the demonstration was handled made many friends for the cause. The campaign closed with 24 hours of street oratory. HOUSEKEEPING A PLEASURE SEWING MINUS THE EXERCISE The stitch in time that saves nine becomes increased in its saving power when electricity runs the machine. It not only saves the usual number of scitches, but it saves the operator infinite weariness and worry. CONVENIENCE IS THE KEY-NOTE IN TIIE ELECTRICAL KITCHEN In the kitchen that is equipped with an electric range, an electric dish-washer and the other electrical devices de- signed to make culinary pursuits happy ones, the housewife’s hardest work is opening the cans of “ fresh ” vegetables. THE FIRST TIME THE PATTERN EVER SHOWED All the dramas that open with the maid dusting off the davenport and musing about the young Marster’s absence will have to be revised. The feather duster is decidedly unsanitary and, what is worse, it’s extremely old-fashioned. COMPANY TO TEA Electricity has added style and beauty to the dining-table. The silver and china and the white linen all look more appe- tizing in the shaded light of electric candlesticks. Electric plate-warmers and casseroles add their part to the success of the meal, and the electric coffee percolator lends the final touch of triumph. BLUE MONDAY HAS BECOME A HISTORICAL DATE It is easy to have the same laundress two Mondays in succession if the laundry has been electrically equipped. Perhaps, when the electric washer and wringer and the big electric dryer have been installed, the lady of the house will prefer to fire the laundress and do the washing herself. TUESDAY IS IRONING DAY In the last few years over 8,000,000 electrical appliances have been purchased for home use. Of this number, 3,000,000 were electric irons which went to emancipate 3,000,000 rejoicing women. POWER AND PRIDE OF THE AMERICAN NAVY Battleships of the United States Atlantic Fleet moving in column during their maneu- vers in the Caribbean Sea. These are among the finest specimens of naval architecture. Admiral Henry T. Mayo is commander-in-chief of the fleet and his flagship is the battle- ship Wyoming. The fleet comprises seventeen battleships, several cruisers and many lesser vessels. The maneuvers were highly successful, and ships and crews took a good step forward in preparedness. AIRSHIP WRECKS THREE AUTOMOBILES Lieutenant S. H. Wheeler, of the Army Aviation School at San Diego, Cal,, while flying in an aeroplane was forced to descend near Alta Loma for lack of gasoline. Later he attempted to rise again. Meanwhile a crowd had gathered in autos and other vehicles. As the aeroplane started it crashed into and damaged three motor cars, killing a four-year-old boy and severely injuring his mother. The aeroplane was overturned, but Lieut. Wheeler was only slightly injured. The accident was due to a rise in the ground between the starting point of the aeroplane and the crowd, hiding the latter from the aviator A NEW TERROR OF THE SEA CAPTURED German submarine mine-layer U.C. 5, caught in a sea battle by the British, shown in a dockyard basin with the British naval ensign flying over the German flag. In front and aft of the conning tower may be seen two globular mines which, by an ingen- ious device, can be projected from the vessel, while the latter is under water. The mines float about and discharge on contact with any passing ship. K £ I i .{, -■ Sf ' -xrra tx JUST THE USUAL THING hxciusive 1'iiutograp.i fur Leslies by Donald I . Ttiou.p>v-.. With four governments claiming control, the Bolsheviki, a Cadet Cabinet in Moscow, the rallying Provisional government, and a non-Bolsheviki but Socialist government, a riot or two in Petrograd becomes just the usual thing. A motor truck turns its machine gun, and clears a block. Those on the next block don’t care. On a recent Sunday in Petrograd, an armored car stopped for lack of petrol, making a fine target for some sailors hidden behind stacks of wood who at once opened with a volley. The cadets in the car replied too sluggishly to keep off one sailor who crept up to the car. thrust his lifle in through a crack, and fin'd repeatedly. Other sailors rushed up, smashed the doors, dragged out the cadets, bayoneted them and passed on to other similar victims. The only man in Russia who can rest these days is the ex-Czar — and he's had to suffer the loss o' on • of the handsomest palaces in Europe. If the Bolsheviki were not such poor shots th. Winter Palace, seen in the background, would be in ruins, but when some thousands of siilors fired ten shots from a field gun at a range of 250 yards, only one hit the building, making a hole in a picture, but leaving the frame intact. A WHOLE LAKE RUSHES DOWN HILL BLAKK Tremendous outflow on the bursting of the dam of Kanuga Lake, near Hendersonville, N. C., in 1916. The picture was taken ten minutes after the barrier had given away. The collapse was due to saturation of the earthen embankment by long-continued rains. The escaping water laid bare the granite side of the mountain, and swept away tall trees, huge boulders, a furniture factory and an electric light plant. Fortunately there were.no fatalities The dam will doubtless be replaced with one of stronger construction and the lake restored as a pleasing feature of the picturesque landscape. UNTH1CUM THE PUBLIC BUILDING BEAUTIFUL Chemical fire-engine station in a fashion- able residence section of Portland, Oregon, designed to harmonize with the sur- rounding architectural scheme. The building is of the bungalow type and is surrounded by a spacious lawn with flower beds and a fountain. A GREAT RAILROAD GIVING UP STEAM FOR ELECTRICITY Electricity has been installed as a motive power on the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad. Thus far the electrification has taken place on 440 miles of track, running from Harlowtown, Mont., to Avery, Iowa, and crossing three mountain ranges. This is the most extensive steam railroad electrification in the world. The electric locomotives used are the most powerful ever built. The electricity is developed at Great Falls, Montana. The photo shows an ore train on the Butte, Anaconda and Pacific Railroad and a Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul freight train (lower track) hauled by electric locomotives. ilfil GERMANY’S UNDERWATER BLOCKADE RUNNER PUTS AGAIN TO SEA UNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD The submarine Deutschland starting from Baltimore on her return voyage to Bremen. She eluded all enemy vessels on her way to America and brought in a valuable cargo of dyestuffs, drugs, etc. In going back she carried rubber, nickel and gold of great aggregate- value. The little vessel passed out of Chesapeake Bay into the ocean on a dark and stormy night, unobserved by British naval vessels lying in wait for her. She was convoyed to the “three-mile 8mit” by the Tug Timmins, shown at the right. BY WIRELESS TO GERMANY by HOMER CROY Every message is censored before it goes out. A govern- ment officer sits there with a blue pencil and if he suspects the message has another meaning than what is on its face he returns it to the sender; or he may paraphrase its meaning, saying the same thing in different words, which would of course upset the code message, if it contained one. On an average one hundred messages a day go out of Sayville for Berlin. Most of these go at night, as the send- ing conditions are then better. When Germany gets these messages she send back the letter “ R " repeated time after time. This means that she has received the message and understands. Messages come in to Sayville written in all kinds of languages: English, German, Russian, French, Portuguese. These are translated into English and turned over to the censors, who examine them carefully for hidden meanings before they are put on the tape. RECEIVING COMMUNICATION The messages from Germany come in by telephone. There is no listening at the key as in ordinary telegraphy. The clicks are so faint that they have to be reinforced. In a soundproof room, with double doors to keep out the clatter of the machines, sit four men, each with a telephone headpiece clamped to his ear, writing down the messages as fast as they come in. Two of these are in the employ of the Telefunken Company, and two are listening for the government. They may not understand what the message is, for it may be in some language unfamiliar to them; but with the letters on paper the translators write out what the English of the messages is and this is passed over to the government censors. The message comes out of the soundproof receiving room written in lead pencil, oftentimes with some of the letters missing. If the message is not clearly under- stood word is flashed back to Germany and the message is repeated. The four receiving men hand the message to the censor, who censors the message and hands it to a land-line operator who trans- mits it to the manager of the Postal Telegraph Company. He then puts his rubber stamp on the message. It reads: Number Time received Post al number Time sent to Postal Number of words. . WHERE THE MESSAGES ARE SENT room full of noisy machinery that makes the head of th uninitiated ache. The receiving room, on the c >ntrary, is made silent by soundproof walls. MEN AND MACHINERY Inside the low, one-story building, squatting at the foot of the towers, are eighteen men working. Fourteen of these are censors for the United States Government, as for three months the navy has been in control of the Sayville station. Every message must be sent through them and received through them. The Telefunken employees operate the plant, but all messages have to be submitted to the government censors. The great amount of electricity needed to generate a current whose waves will reach across the ocean is not made in the building, but brought from a neighboring town. The rooms are so filled with condensers, rheostats, coils and coherers as to make an untechnical head swim. Wireless messages are not sent from Sayville by key as is popularly supposed; a far more modern method is used. In one comer of the room stands a machine that looks like a type- writer with a cover over it; but when you get to looking at it closely you notice that it hasn’t the shift key, quotation marks, underlines and the little curlycues of an average board. When a key is struck it doesn’t print an ordinary letter; instead it punches-a hole in a narrow piece of paper tape. Each letter on the: keyboard is represented by a certain number and arrangement of holes it punches in the paper. When the letter A is struck it punches two little holes, one at the top of the tape and one at the bottom. This long tape of paper, pecked full of holes, is all there is to show for your message. The tape is about the width of baby ribbon and is made of specially prepared tough paper. It takes a good bit of tape to send a message, for twenty-three inches contains eight words of five letters each. tact. This makes the flashes. The operator has nothing to do; he has no key to press; his mission is to see that it runs through without inter- ruption. The message is flashed across the Atlantic at the rate of 25 words a minute, but in case of neces- sity it can go up to 40. The messages go across in a series of waves, with which the station on the other side is in tune. The length of the wave of the Sayville station is about five and three-quarter miles. There is very little likelihood that any amateur station will pick up the messages sent from Germany as the experimenter would have to have a very elaborate receiving instrument that is out of reach of the average person. However, the Telefunken station can pick up any amateur message that it wishes, or any communications with ships, but in the stress of business no attention is paid to these maverick messages. The messages go to a small town near Berlin called Nauen, where they are placed on a land wire and forwarded to the capital. The charge for sending a message to Germany is 53 cents a word from anywhere near New York. The three cents is the price of the land wire to get it to Sayville. As soon as the key is touched in America the message is in Germany, the time occupied in crossing being only the fraction of a second. In fact the message could go around the world seven times in a second. The message is then given to a stenographer, who transfers it to a form sheet, which is sent to the person or firm addressed, carbons being kept on file. When the government sends a message to Germany it goes by code. As soon as Secretary of State Lansing has affixed his signature the message is taken by the Chief Clerk of the State Department to the cipher rooms. The different pages are distributed among the cipher clerks, who begin turning the words into code. After the message has been enciphered it is turned over to another set of clerks who check it carefully. The secret code books of the State Department are guarded most carefully. Life is to be expended at any time to defend them. In fact they are guarded as carefully as the code books of the navy, whose covers are so heavy that when thrown into the sea in case of emergency they will sink instantly. The importance of the wireless stations is enhanced by the fact that there is no free cable communication between Germany and the United States. At the very beginning of the war Great Britain cut the German cables and they have remained cut ever since. The only cable routes from continental Europe pass through Great Britain or France, and the German government is obliged to depend upon wireless for its official messages to this country'. Even commercial messages by cable from neutral countries are censored. Not long ago a newspaper sensation stated that a way had been found to code forbidden informa- tion in an innocent commercial message by varying the spacing between the letters, but the story was never substantiated. The speed with which our messages are flashed 4,500 miles to Germany is in strong contrast with the day in 1896 w r hen the whole world was exciter! because Marconi had, after many months of ceaseless effort, succeeded in sending a message without wires for the astonishing distance of one and three-quarter miles. QUARTERS OF THE CENSORS They sleep in these tents — and the mosquitoes at Sayville have a national reputation. B ETWEEN tune at night and four in the morning there is a constant crashing and clashing of electri- cal apparatus in a small, low building at Sayville, Long Island. Just as the rest of the world begins to get sleepy this small, low building wakes up, for from it our wireless messages are going to Germany. All night long the small, low building pulsates with life and with the coming of dawn it quiets down. But there is no chatter of telegraph keys, no incessant rattle of sending .nstruinents, for in this station there are no keys, but over all there sounds the sharp, staccato crash of the great coils of the sending apparatus, clattering in your ear. The Telefunken station at Sayville, Long Island, is the most powerful in the world, flashing messages direct to Nauen, near Berlin. Fifty miles out from New York City is Sayville, a small town whose principal in- dustries are roadhouses and wireless telegraphy. Here the automobile parties stop for the few bites that always take many dollars, before running on into New York, but if it were not for the wire- less station the town would never be heard of. Near the ocean, dropped in a mosquito-infested field, the great Telefunken station sprawls over a hundred acres. A mile away it looks like a huge spider web, with all its slim poles reaching into the air, interlaced with slender wires. At the gate a watchman is on guard, and all along the way to the building are posted danger signs. People are con- stantly trying to slip in, not always with good intent. The little, low building is rigged on every side with towering poles — antennae as they are called. Five hundred feet high they stand — almost as tall as the Washington rnxanuruient. From these wires radiate the electric waves that leap to Germany. Great blocks of cement, big as corncribs, are set in the ground and to them are anchored the guy wires. WIRELESS PLANT AT SAYVILLE. LONG ISLAND It is the most powerful wireless station in the world, and together with r. sim- ilar plant at Tuckerton, N. J., forms the only tele- graphic link between the United States and Germany. In the center of the tape is a narrow row of small holes into which a sprocket wheel fits, which conveys the tape through the sending machine. Above and below are the send- ing holes, the holes that make the message. The position of the dots above or below the line denote the words. HOW MESSAGES ARE SENT When the message has been put on the tape by the typewriter-looking machine, which strikes only holes, the tape is put in the sending box and begins running through, each of the holes stopping and opening the electrical con- ENGLAND HAS 50,000 WAR WIDOWS LADY ELCHO Lord Elcho, her husband, who had entered the army as a volunteer, was killed in action at Katia, near the Suez Canal, in 1914. He had been wounded twice, previously. A T the present time the Board of Pen- sions in England has over 50,000 war widows, more than 100,000 orphans, and 70,000 disabled men to deal with. It has received £1,000,000, and has been prom- ised by the Exchequer £5,000,000 more, and further amounts as the number of MRS. LA TOUCHE CONGREVE casualties warrant. The records of the other nations at war show similar figures and the problem which confronts these various nations is the question of relieving the situation, which has already been given much consideration. Not all of the 50,000 widows are in positions to earn their own livelihood or to support themselves on a pension of the customary amount. While in numbers, by far the larger part of the women were dependent upon privates — “Tommy Atkinses’’ — yet the figures of the war records show a larger percentage of mortality among the officers than among the privates, and the widows of officers represent a large number in the total of those who look to the government for aid. The Women’s Emigration Scheme, recently suggested by the Salvation Army, aims at selecting thousands of these widows for emigration to Great Britain’s various colonies. ^ PHOTO! COPVRIOIITEt) HV R. 0. IIOPPE MRS. GUY DU MAURIER Her husband, the soldier-play- wright, Major Guy du Maurier, was killed in action. He was the author of the play ‘‘An English- man’s Home” which appeared at the time when Lord Roberts was making his most strenuous efforts to arouse England to the menace of a war with Germany. The play caused a great sensation and is still a great recruiting power. Mrs. du Maurier is active in Red Cross work. LADY MOYA CAMPBELL THE HON. MRS. GEOFFREY PEARSON She is the widow of the youngest son of Lord Cowdray, Hon. Geoffrey Pearson, killed in France, where he was a dispstch rider. LADY JULIET DUFF The widow of Major Robert Vivian Duff who was killed in action in France in October, 1914, is the daughter of the Marchioness of Ripon and owns the most magnificent estate in Wales. HON. MRS. ALAN MACKENZIE Her husband, Captain Alan Mackenzie of the Grenadier Guards, died of wounds received in battle. She is the daughter of Viscount Knollys. It is pointed out that this plan will contribute to- wards reducing the overwhelming female population in England which, before the war, exceeded the number of males by nearly a million and a half despite the fact that the proportion of male to female births was 1038 to 1000. It is also suggested that the colonies will benefit by this scheme because of their present in- adequate female population. Also, it is ex- pected that the widows and their families adopting this scheme will derive much benefit. The sending of suitable women to the colonies where they may meet with offers of marriage, is one way of meeting the problem, although it is not a permanent solution. She is the youngest daughter of the well-known actor, Cyril Maude. Her husband, Major W. La Touche Congreve, was killed in battle, July 20th, 1915. Lieutenant Allan W. G. Campbell, of the Cold- stream Guards, was killed in action early in the war. His widow, who is the second daughter of the Marquis of Sligo, has been aiding the work at one of the Y. M. C. A. army canteens. PLENTY OF MACHINE GUNS Much has been said about Mexico’s“veteran”army which may be arrayed against Uni- ted States troops some day. It is variously estimated in size from 120,000 to 150,000 men. It is equipped largely with Mauser rifles of an old pattern, although many thou- sand Winchester and other American guns are carried As our photographs show, machine guns, artillery and modern range-finders are not lacking. The machine guns were mostly made in the Uni- ted States and the Mexicans probably have more of them than our army. The Mexican army, however, is an undisci- plined aggregation of bandits. CAVALRY IS THE MOST USEFUL ARM OF THE SERVICE IN MEXICO The major portion of the Mexican forces are mounted, though horses are reported to be scarce, r rough that infantry is not good for much but garrison duty. The Mexican cavalry is badly because of the wastage of brigandage and war. The distances are so great and the country so | equipped, but of great endurance. The families of the men follow the army on horses and burros. FIELD GUNS POINTING NORTHWARD These photographs were taken in northern Mexico and show the flower of the Mexican forces. The artillery consists of small field guns, few of them being larger than 75 milli- meters. THE PASSING OF PABLO LOPEZ DRAMATIC PICTURES OP THE EXECUTION OF VILLA’S CHIEF BANDIT ARRIVING AT THE PLACE OF EXECUTION Lopez was still lame from his wound and walked with a crutch and the help of a soldier to his place against the wall. He had been brought from prison in a coach. While waiting he chatted with his guards who gave him cigars that he seemed to enjoy. ALL CHIHUAHUA CITY OUT TO VIEW THE SPECTACLE Pablo Lopez, Villa lieutenant and boss brigand, was shot to death in Cnihuahua City, June 5, 1916. Among his many crimes was the massacre of 17 Americans at Santa Ysabel and the Columbus, N. M., raid. He was wounded after the raid and captured and turned over to the Carranza military authorities. FIVE BULLETS STRUCK HIM IN THE BREAST The bandit falling to earth as the shots rang out. This is a remarkable picture, and with the others on this page, was made by a spectator whose safety would be imperiled if his name were published. These photographs were sent exclusively to Leslies. WITH HIS BACK TO THE WALL Bad man that he was, Lopez was no coward and smiled as he asked General Lopez Ortiz to be allowed to sit down because his wound pained him. THE TIRA DE GRACIA THE PENALTY PAID IN FULL The so-called “mercy shot” is fired into a vital spot as soon as the condemned man Whatever may be the fate of Vifla, the arch-bandit — and many think he has died of wounds in his mountain retreat falls before the firing squad. In the case of Lopez two such shots were fired before — his chief lieutenant did not escape a well-merited death. Lopez delighted in murder, robbery and crimes of vio life was extinct, although five bullets had passed through his body. lence. He posed for a time as a patriot, but, like his chief, could not conceal his real nature for long. I 'ON ALU C. THOMPSON A QUEEN'S SYMPATHY Former Queen Amelie of Portugal (to the left in the photograph) is living in Paris. Recently she visited a hospital where a young soldier who had been awarded a decoration was about to die. The officer who was to confer the deco- ration had not arrived and the physician was afraid the soldier would not live to receive the coveted honor. “Shall I con- fer it?” asked the queen, and the hospi- tal authorities urged her to do so. So she bent over the dying man and pinned the Croix de Guerre on his bosom. She then kissed the dying man on each cheek, as his general would have done. The soldier died that night with a smile on his face. NEVER FORGETS HIS HOME TOWN John N. Willys on board his yacht Cyprus. Mr. Willys is one of the many men who have been made millionaires by the automobile business. In his youthful days he had a sporting goods store in Elmira, N. Y., and he never forgets his home town. In addition to many other bene- factions he secured the location of the Morrow manufacturing plant there, which gives employ- ment to 4,000 people, and is being expanded as fast as houses can be built to shelter addi- tional employees. A CHAMPION CORN GROWER James Howard Kehler of New York with a stalk of com from his farm had himself photographed in front of his office building, across Fifth Avenue from Leslie’s office. Mr. Kehler said: "I have grown corn 1 2 1 2 feet high at 39; there’s no telling how high it will grow before I die. And I grew this com on my farm near Chicago from my office in the Fifth Avenue Building.” KING GEORGE IN A HISTORIC PHOTOGRAPH This picture shows a group of men who are making history, and who will not, in all probability, ever again be photographed together. It was taken during the recent visit to France of King George V of Great Britain. From left to right the men are: General Joffre, President Poincari, King George, General Foch and General Haig. The king, in company with President Poincari, inspected the Allied armies which are under the supreme command of General Joffre. General Haig is in command of the British army in France, supposed to number nearly 3,000,000 men. General Foch is the man whom military critics now generally credit with winning the Battle of the Marne in September, 1914. GOVERNOR HUGHES AND HIS ENTIRE FAMILY This is the first picture ever made of Charles Evans Hughes and his entire family, including his two grandsons. It shows a typical American family, and one which is the chief pride of the man who aspired to the highest honor within the gift of his countrymen. From the left to right: Miss Eliza- beth Hughes, Mrs. Charles Evans Hughes, Miss Katherine Hughes, Charles Evans Hughes, Miss Helen Hughes, Charles Evans Hughes III, Charles Evans Hughes, Jr., Mrs. Charles Evans Hughes, Jr., and Stuart Hughes. ^JJUTTTTTf^} Yiftlefi VETERANS OF OUR GREAT WAR AGAIN MARCH AT THE CAPITAL Parade of 10,000 former soldiers of the Union who fought in the war between the States, and who in 1916, during the G. A. R. 49th annual reunion at Washington, marched over the same ground they did fifty years ago in the grand review at the close of the conflict. A feature of the procession was an immense flag carried by 300 veterans. President Wilson is shown in the oval reviewing the line of aged men. AFTER THE ARDMORE DISASTER Debris from the Pennington building in Ardmore was blown across the street and piled against the veranda of a dwelling that was searcely damaged. The hotel next door was partly wrecked. SHATTERED BUILDING SWEPT BY FLAMES The Whittington Hotel (at left), which was badly dam- aged by the explosion at Ardmore, and the Pennington Building (at right), which was wrecked, the ruins taking fire. The fire department fought hard to put out the flames. Several persons perished in the hotel and 50 were hurt. Only one employee escaped from the Penning- ton Building and many bodies were recovered. Twenty- five colored persons were killed in the collapse of a theater. TERRIBLE AND UNIQUE EXPLOSION A spark from the hammer of a workman repairing the car ignited a 250-barrel tank car of gasoline in the Sante Fe Railroad yards at Ardmore, Okla. A fearful explosion ensued. Two blocks were razed, many building burned, 50 persons lost their lives, and 200 were injured . The damage to property was $1,000,000. Cars marked 2 and 3 on either side of the explod- ing one (1) did not explode. COPYRIGHT INT L FILM DAIRYMEN RESORT TO VIOLENCE A price dispute between the dairymen who produce the milk that supplies New York City and the distributors who sell it to the people resulted, finally, in a ‘‘milk strike.” Most of the producers refused to ship milk and took energetic measures to prevent others from doing so. Hence we had the spectacle of millions of people suffering from a shortage of milk, while only a few miles away milk was poured on the ground to prevent its being sent to market. TURKEY’S FIGHTING VETERANS Infantry resting on a march some place in European Turkey. Turk- ish troops are all conscripts, are poorly fed and paid, yet they are usually brave and efficient sol- diers. BERLIN CABS TORN FROM TRUCKS A smashup on the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad near College, Pa., in October, 1914, resulted in two freight cars be- ing torn loose from their trucks and left in the freakish position shown in the photo- graph. One of the cars was an old wooden one while the other was of modem steel con- struction, but they both fared alike. WACO. TEX., PILES SURPLUS COTTON ON THE STREETS BLOI Anarchy’s %J Chaos in Photographs from DONALD C: THOMPSON Russia During the first week of November the Bolsheviki element in Russia, made up of the extreme by Nikolai Lenine, gained control of the Petrograd government and the city of Moscow. K premier, was deposed and the new leaders announced the new government’s intentions: To armistice to go into force at once on all fronts and to offer all nations a democratic peace based i ations and no indemnities. Above is a Petrograd street scene showing crowd listening to soap- This great crowd made up from all walks of life is making a demonstration in front of the Winter Palace. For weeks conditions in Russia have been growing worse steadily. Everybody has been too busy settling affairs of state on the street corners to worry ever the production of necessities and now that winter is upon the country a famine is imminent. The^anarchists who forced Kerensky from control plan for an imme- diate redistribution of all land. In the circle is a gate to the Winter Palace, formerly the home of the Czar and more recently of Premier Kerensky, which is likely to be the scene of much street fighting, as civil war now seems imminent. THE HIM OF HATE MOCK TERRIBLE TROLLEY TRAGEDY Twenty-five persons were killed and 63 injured in a trolley wreck seven miles from Johnstown, Pa., in August, 1916. One car was standing still near the car bam at Echo when another, in charge of motorman Angus Varner came down a steep grade and crashed into it. The runaway car had been seen rushing past the station at Brookdale, with Varner fran- tically waving his arms. It was so obviously not under control that the power house shut off the current, but not promptly enough to prevent the crash. The cause of the accident is still a mystery. THE “OKLAHOMA” IN DRY DOCK One of (Jncle Sam’s new and formidable sea fight- ers as she appears when not afloat. Note the shape of the hull below the water line. The Oklahoma has a tonnage of 27,500 and carries ten 14-inch guns and twenty one 5-inch guns. She can make over 21 knots an hour. DOVALD C. THOimOlt 97 ATT ni'/TOOlifllll ftU LMMUM*9 THE NAMELE88 DEAD French soldiers searching the re- mains of a German, killed months before, in the hope of finding some means of identification. Each soldier carries a metal plate on which is engraved his number. When these plates are found on bodies they are sent to a special division of the war office, and if they are from the bodies of ene- mies are forwarded to the war office that issued them. The corpse in the picture had laid in 44 No Man’s Land,” the shell- swept space between the hostile trenches where there is no burial for the dead nor succor for the wounded. After the French ad- vance this strip was cleaned up and a new “No Man’s Land” was created between the new lines. MAKING IT HOT FOR THE I. W. W. One season the I. W. W. (called the I Won’t Works throughout the district) invaded the Minnesota and Dakota wheat belt in an effort to organize the harvest hands and cause a strike. The menace to the farmers grew to large proportions in a few days and organizations called ‘‘The Minute Men” were formed to rid the country of the agitators. Our photograph shows a party of Mitchell, S D., citizens holding up a train on which a number of these I. W. W’s. were beating their way into the town with the avowed purpose of taking possession of it. The trouble makers were promptly subdued. THE HORRORS OF ••NO MAN’S LAND” Remains of dead soldiers, gathered for burial, after the French advance on the Aisne. These men had fallen between the trenches during the months of fighting that preceded the French drive, and so con- stant was the fire from both sides that they could not be buried. After the French lines were pushed forward, “No Man’s Land ” was cleaned up and the poor wrecks of war — reduced to skeletons — were buried in long trenches. Note that many of the skulls have been crushed, probably by shrapnel. The dead were both French and German. PHOTOGRAPH FROM DONALD C STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER COPTRIOHT TROUT CRACK RIDER OF A TER- RIBLE STEED Jesse Stahl, one of California’s noted cow punchers, mounted on Glass Eye, a famous outlaw mustang, at the Annual Cali- fornia Rodeo held at Salinas, Cal. The animal plunged furiously, trying in vain to unseat its rider. Many hun- dred cowboys have attempted to ride this horse and Stabl is one of the few who have succeeded in doing so. WEIL-BMERSON MISSIONARIES MURDERED IN JAPAN Funeral of Rev. and Mrs. W. A. F. Campbell, American mission- aries who were killed by a robber at their home in Karuizawa, Japan. This was the first murder of a foreigner in Japan in twenty-five years and all the foreigners in the country were greatly excited over it. The Japanese people also deplored the tragic affair. '■* ***"-> -■ 3S?n *r uppt'Klir ~ ■*» if V if . '’v . ’v ; ^ . HOT WEATHER WRECKS A TRAIN Intense heat buckled the rails on a curve near Hutchins, Texas, in 1916, and caused a passenger train to leap from the track and plunge down an embankment. The locomotive and four cars were derailed and the engine turned over on its side. Three men were killed and thirty persons were injured. The coaches were all of steel and this saved the lives of scores of passengers. MC DO CELL A RAILROAD WITH NO TRACKS The process of hauling logs from lumber camps in north- ern Wisconsin has been materially simplified by the use of steam trains which run on roads of ice. The train shown in the photograph makes two trips each day from Kempster to Antigo, a distance of eight miles, each time hauling from 80,000 to 100,000 feet of maple, biicn and hemlock logs. The engine requires the attention of an engineer, a fireman and a chauffeur who sits 1 the steering wheel. Uyffi hCSBEBB f * Arr l 3 i r8$t i 'i OI WHERE IS THE COW WITH THE CRUMPLED HORN? PRArr All “Egypt,” as the southern end of Illinois is known, was represented at the 1916 Dairy Day, at Litchfield, attended by over 50,000. The parade, which was two hours in passing, and the various exhibits were planned to stimulate enthusiasm in better dairying. Com- missioner W. Scott Matthews, of the State Food Department, and Governor Dunne attended the big barbecue which was one of the attractive features. JAPAN’S CROWN PRINCE INSTALLED All Japan, in November, 1916, celebrated the installa- tion of H. I. M. the Crown Prince as heir to the Japan- ese throne. Traffic was suspended along the streets which the imperial procession traveled, in order that the crowds of spectators might be accommodated. The Tokyo municipality decorated the entire city in the style shown in the picture and Yokohama and other large cities were not far behind in observing the occasion. — — hi— ini REMOVING 250.000 BUSHELS OIF BURNING COAL CLAXOtf Spontaneous combustion was responsible for the raging fire in the 250,000 bushel coal pile of the Southern Railroad, at Lawrenceburg, Ky. A continuous stream of water thrown on the pile for several days did not check the fire. Finally the coal was loaded on steel cars by a steam shovel and carried away, much of it still burning. THE UNSEEN ARMY STIES WHO PHY THEIR STEALTHY CALLING WHERE BIG GUNS ROAR by Dr. WILLIAM ALDERSON S PY!! Epithet of contempt throughout the world — and yet — it takes nerve to be a spy — under some conditions. Not the spy who does his work in a neutral country and by means of bombs, reports (mainly untrue), or such meth- ods endeavors to assist the country he claims as his own, but the spy who on the very battle-front takes his life in his hands — and, more than that, knows that if captured he will fill a dishonored and unknown grave — he is worthy of some little praise. Not until this great war is over — and probably not even then — will it be known how many men and women, on both sides, have laid down their lives in this way in pursuance of what they be- lieved was their duty. And, just as in the War between the States there were men and women spies who today are honored for their services for North or South, so, it is sure, after this war, there will be many who will receive their meed of praise for their work — and its reward. Tales of the German spy system have been written often; of concrete platforms erected within big-gun dis- tance of every important city of France, England and Belgium; of sign-posts erected along European highways with code signals thereon indicating strategic points, and of the super-spy who with millions at his command bought up the cherished secrets of possible enemy nations. Of these I know nothing, but of the actual work of spies on the front something can be said. NARROW ESCAPE FOR THE PRINCE About a week after the first big “gas attack” of the Germans on the Western front, H. R. H. the Prince of Wales, came in his motor to the little village of Woesten, about two miles from Boesinghe, where the enemy at- tempted to break through on their drive for Calais. From the church tower of the village it was possible to vdew the German lines and, much against the wishes of those with him, the Prince ascended the tower. Only a few minutes were spent in the village and the party quickly drove away, but within five minutes a brisk shelling took place and one shell landed very accurately in the tower where ten minutes before the Prince had been standing. In the same village, a few days later, two soldiers in British uniforms were noticed going in and out of the church. The village being in the French lines and British soldiers having no official business there, some remark was made and an investigation started. From the tower there was found to be a field telephone line leading to the German trenches! The visits of the men and the discovery of the line all took place within 24 hours so there was little, if any, harm done, but — there is a certain amount of credit coming to the men who took such a chance to do what they, at least, thought was a patriotic duty. The spies who put on the uniforms of their enemies and thus endeavor to obtain infor- mation or do some damage to their opponents are, as a rule, very careful to mingle only with those who will find it difficult to realize that they are not what they seem. Thus, in the French lines the spy wears an English uniform, and in the British zone a French or Belgian uniform is more or less of a passport. When the Belgian Army was uniformed last summer in clothing much resembling that worn by the British many German spies were able to get through the French lines and into the area occupied by General French’s forces. This caused the issuance of a general order to the men of the three armies forbidding them to enter the district occupied by the troops of either of the other two nations unless in possession of a pass signed each day by their officer com- ROYALTY VISITS THE FRONT IN FRANCE King George and the Prime oj Wales, with President Poincaire and General Jofjrc reviewing troops in France. W hen digni taries visit the front their movements must be quick and secret, as enemy spies are likely to reveal their whereabouts arul subject them to a jurious bombardment. minutes, but it served one purpose in at least stopping for a time the activities of the spies. CIVILIANS AS SPIES Not all the spies, by any means, are so/tfiers who take their lives in their hands and face a disgraceful death by assuming an enemy’s uniform, and thus equipped enter their opponents’ lines. It is, unfortunately, true so long as a high enough bribe is offered there will always be found men — and women— who will sell their country. So, in many cases on- the battle front, French and Belgian citizens were found to be in the pay of the enemy. It was undoubtedly an inhabitant of the vil- lage who gave the news of the visit of the Prince of Wales to the town near Ypres. It was only a few weeks later that the President of France, accompanied by a number of high British and Belgian officials, visited the same village for the purpose of viewing the preparations which were being made to repulse a possible attack. Hardly had the party arrived when word was flashed to the German lines and within 15 minutes shells were drop- ping all around the President and his entourage. One man was killed and tw r o wounded before the party" sought safety in flight. Probably one of the most daring feats performed by spies was when a score of Germans dressed themselves in uniforms of varous British regiments — taken from the dead, wounded or prisoners — and marched boldly into the French lines. When stopped by a French sentry who asked where they were going, the leader — who wore the uniform of a corporal of the Wiltshire Regiment — said they were looking for a bathing place and had been told to take that road. Had it not happened that a British staff officer was passing through the village at the time they would have gone on in safety, but he stopped his car and started to question the corporal. He noticed that the men were wearing the insignia of different regi- ments and that instead of every man carrying a towel there was only one towel in the whole party and, also, that they carried their rifles and side-arms, which is not usually the case with a bathing party. Passing rapidly on to the nearest post the officer gave the alarm, with the result that the supposed British soldiers were surrounded a little further up the road, disarmed and questioned. When their names appeared in the casualty lists later they were probably marked “Missing.” BETRAYED HER EMPLOYERS If the Belgians, after the war, ever get possession of a certain servant girl she will not last very long. The story — which is thoroughly authenticated — is that she was for 18 years in the employ of a family in Ostend. When the Germans occupied that city her employers remained there and by means of a wireless outfit installed in the chimney of their house, gave information to their fellow- countrymen at La Panne. A reward of 25,000 francs was offered for information regarding the source of the news which was going out and — the servant accepted the bribe. The wdreless messages ceased and the couple are oc- cupying one grave in Ostend. At the outset of the war the Allies were what might be termed “super-careless” regarding the possibility of spies getting into their ranks. Now they are just as strong in the other direction and it is practically impos- sible for even the most harm- less civilian to approach the real front, no matter how good an excuse he can give. Red Cross units furnished a great chance for spies until the British government united with the French in suppressing their activities and insisted that they should not get nearer than Calais and Boulogne or, in some special cases, Dunkirk. For this reason it is true, despite stories to the con- trary, that the only Red Cross or volunteer organization within reasonable distance of the real front in Belgium are a Quaker organization and the American Ambulance.Corpe. manding. It was, of course, rather a nuisance to have to issue a dozen such passes a day and to have to show your own British Army pass every few CHURCH WHERE SPIES WERE FOUND It is in Woesten, near Ypres, and it was from its tower that the Prince of Wales viewed the German lines and missed death from a shell by a margin of only a few minutes. Later a German secret telephone system was foun t in the church. The building has since been totally destroyed by shell fire. ONLY WOMAN NURSE AT THE FRONT Mile. FM-.abeth Vander Ghote, daughter of the Water' works Commissioner of Ypres was the only woman nurse with the British Red Cross in the Ypres section. She was interpreter for the unit. She is shown standing in front of her demolished home. Her fearlessness was remarkable THESE ANIMALS WENT TO WA UNDERWOOD ft UNDERWOOD ** . S’-' AN AVIATOR’S PLAYMATE Lieut. Effinoff, the Russian aviator, might have chosen a more appropriate mascot than this lion cub. FIRST AID TO A FIRST-AID DOG Animals of many kinds have found their way into the trenches as mascots or for practical use. Some of the most valuable animals, in warfare have been the Red Cross dogs. They search battlefields for wounded and by barking or otherwise at- tract rescuers. A French Red Cross man is bandaging the wounds this dumb hero received in action. A MASCOT WITH A FAMOUS NAME Perhaps it was because he loves a fight that the e British territorials named their pet “Roosevelt.” The cub is as fond of his companions as they are of him and their military ap- pearance gives him no alarm. RUSSIAN PETS. GERMAN BY ADOPTION The little pig that went to market went to 30 cents a pound. The little pig that stayed at home soon followed his brother to market. This little pig went to war as a Russian pet but when the victory went to the Germans he went with it. The fawn and the colt were also adopted as pets — until the Colt should be big enough to be useful and the scant meat supply should create a demand for venison steak. EACH PHOTO NEW 8 ALL ASHORE AT SALONIKA The average length of a horse’s life in actual service is short. The cost of transporting horses is enormous but the need for them is so great that the supply falls far short. JUMBO, THE BURDEN-BEARER BR0WN BRue No peanuts reward this faithful German servant at the end of a hard day’s work. Peanuts are a circus by-product, and his life is no circus. . HI PACH PHOTO NEWS COPYRIGHT UNDERWOOD ft UNDERWOOD BROWN BROS. OWLS THAT DO TRENCH FIGHTING The French soldiers petted these owls in the day- time and disturbed their slumber. In return the owls made the soldiers’ nights more comfortable by catching the rats in the trenches. UP IN FRONT WITH THE BAND Private William Goat of the Welsh Fusiliers should not be permitted to lead the march, because, as is plainly seen, he is only half in step. His hind feet are all right but he’s all out of step in front, but the Tommies love him just the same. EVEN THE CAMEL IS ENLISTED Fish, flesh, fowl and good red herring all have been pressed into ser- vice. Even the “Ship of the Desert” is doing war duty in Egypt. The native driver has been halted by an Australian guard on the banks of the Suez Canal. BUTTE BUILDS BIGGEST ELK It is quite the proper thing to build a gigantic statue of an elk in the city that is to entertain a B. P. O. E. convention, but Butte, Mont., went all its predecessors one better, by far, by building the biggest one yet devised and by making it of a different material — high-grade copper ore. This elk was 65 feet high and spanned the main street. The State Convention of Elks was in session in Butte the first five days of July and had a magnificent reception from the citizens, famed even in the prodigal West for their open-handed hospitality. FROM THE SPHERE, LONDON. COPYRIGHT IN U. 8. BY N. T. HERALD CO. SIGHTED BY ITS VICTIM A hostile submarine emerging from behind a neutral sailing vessel to attack a British cargo boat. This draw- ing by G. H. Davis depicts an actual happening, the submarine having managed cleverly to keep the sailing vessel between itself and its intended victim until the latter was within range. MOBILE SWEPT BY WIND AND W r ATER A terrific hurricane swept the Gulf coast region and did much damage. Mobile, Ala., seeming to get the full fury of the storm. The wind drove the waters of the bay back on the city until some streets were submerged to a depth of 10 feet. The property loss is estimated at $10,000,000 and about 50 people were killed along the coast. The photograph shows a street in Mobile after the water had subsided. Floods in the South Atlantic States did millions of damage July, 1916. SAMM0S8 PROMOTES AMERICAN TRADE C M. Yang, appointed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Com- merce of China as Commercial Commissioner to the United States, made the trip from Shang- hai to the United States by the American steamer China, which is said to have the distinction of being the only ship flying the American flag and chiefly owned by Americans of Chinese origin. FOR 28 YEARS HE HAS BEEN SANTA CLAUS TO THE CHILDREN OF HIS TOWN Twenty-eight years ago William Asher, of Freeport, 111., found grow on a man, Mr. Asher in 1916 distril two boys who were too sure that Santa Claus would miss them to packages to the children of Freeport and have any confidence in the old saint. Mr. Asher proved for country. The cares of his self-assumed role d< them conclusively Santa's existence by arriving opportunely impaired his health, but rather to have prosp* with bundles of gifts. Just to show how a habit of that kind may rels, bags, pails and boxes are part of Mr. Ash HAS READ LESLIE'S FOR 61 YEARS The man who writes letters to the paper and signs himself “Constant Reader" should hunt another nom de plume and leave that title to D. B. Hines of Omaha, Neb. In 61 years Mr. Hines has not been without good reading matter, as the picture shows. He still preserves the first issue of Leslie’s, dated December 15, 1855, and he has read every succeeding issue. Mr. Hines is 67 years old. HE HAS INSPECTED 80,000,000 EGGS In the 29 years Nathan Glass of Cleveland has been telling the past, present and future of eggs, about 80,000,000 have passed through his hands. He can tell when an egg was laid, how the egg has been preserved and whether it should be used or buried. He probably never had time to figure out that 80,000,000 eggs are 6,666,666 dozens, valued at $4,999,999, nor how far 80,000,000 eggs would reach if laid end to end. HARRIS y millions of flies that hover around and swarm over the dead. One of the hardest things to endure in the trenches in summer is the flies. Harris are so many marvelous sights to States alone there are over 20 Grand Canyon, Yellowstone, Gla National Parks, Royal Gorge, tl Alaska, the Great Lakes, Salt Colorado, the Salton Sea, Big Tn moth Cave, Luray Caverns, tl prehistoric ruins of New Mexico Indians. Where in the wide woi less expenditure of money and “land of the free and the home c T1IE WORLD'S GREA' M Yoscmitc Falls, Yoscmitc National Park** down the sheer, precipitous rock walls, tun d Yosemite is nearly 500 feet higher than & Grand Falls of Labrador, 2,000 feet l in; Zealand, with a heifl 1,; WHY GO TO THE ALPS? Scaling the dizzy heights of the Canadian Rockies near Glacier, B. C., under the direction of experienced Swiss guides. Surely nothing in Switzer- land can surpass for grandeur the rugged, towering peaks of the great west- ern range of North American mountains, which offer as precipitous and hazardous climbs as the Jungfrau and the Matterhorn. ONE OF YELLOWSTONE’S MARVELS Perhaps the most renowned of its kind in the world is Old Faith- ful Geyser, in Yellowstone Park, whose performances, with scarcely a variation, are mysteriously timed by Nature to one eruption every 65 minutes. Night and day throughout the ages LG rr opvQprs has exnelled nparlv ONE NEVER THINKS OF GLACIER PARK WITHOUT INDIANS Blackfoot Indian chiefs fording beautiful St. Mary’s River in Glacier Park. There is something unique in the topography of Glacier Park, something that sets it distinctly apart from other sec- tions of the country. It is a region of mountains and glaciers. Nearly 100 mountain peaks ranging from 7,000 to over 10,000 feet high are generally accessible to tourists, although there are hun- dreds of unsealed peaks still awaiting the venturesome explorer. The park contains more glaciers than any other area in the world of equal size. Within its confines, there are no less than 80 of these great ice masses from which the park derives its name. GREATEST WONDERLAND '•^wwA. •r*- iy wonders have been s of the world. Since i have been learning In no other part of American continent, een. In the United d-wonders including Ifosemiteand Rainier jache Trail, Niagara, , the Salt Desert of le Mississippi, Mam- ;t rifted Forests, the our native American ,n you get more with gy than here in the brave”? THE EARTH S GREATEST NATURAL WONDER and lava by the erosive power of the rushing, mighty stream, which from the top of the canyon appears a mere ribbon, although it is several hundred feet wide. Many watch it with tear-dimmed eyes; others, spellbound, feel the supreme presence of the Almighty on beholding this, the world’s sublimest spectacle. The sublime Grand Canyon of the Colorado River in Arizona has no counter- part on earth. Perhaps no single natural feature of the world has been the source of more scientific study than this great cleft in the earth’s surface more than a mile deep and from two to fifteen miles wide, worn through earth, rock COURTIS Y SANTA FB RaILKoAD WATERFALL omia, which in its three leaps distance of almost half a mile, orld’s next highest waterfalls, nd Sutherland Falls in New * ■Zr. 1,904 feet. MAN AIDING NATURE’S HANDIWORK Crown Point, Columbia River Highway, to be dedicated on June 7th. The highway here takes a turn 700 feet above the Columbia River and then drops 500 feet in two miles. The first 40 miles of the new roadway, which is over 300 miles long and entirely in the State of Oregon, extending from the mouth of the Columbia to Dalles, cost $2,000,000. The highway was built by local appropriation, State aid and popular subscription. CAN NORWAY SURPASS THIS? Intrepid tourists looking down into one of the yawning crevasses of Paradise Glacier in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, 100 square miles of which are occupied by Mt. Rainier, the second highest peak in the United States. Its glacial area, over 45 square miles in extent, including 18 or 20 separate glaciers, exceeds that of any other peak in the country. WAR’S HUMAN WRECKS CARING FOR THE WOUNDED IN THE GREAT EUROPEAN CONFLICT BY DR. WILLIAM ALDERSON WAR’S LIFE-SAVERS AT WORK French ambulance corps removing some oj the wounded from the bloody battle- field of the Yser. Editor’s Note. — This is one of a noted writer’s moving tales of experience in the world war. Dr. Alder son acquired personal knowledge of the situation by many months’ service in the medical corps at the front and he tells his story with rare skill. I T was a rain-soaked note, written on a scrap of paper evidently torn from a note-book, that the motorcycle orderly handed me. Written in all formality it merely requested that, if not putting me to much trouble, would it be possible to send ambulances to Zuydschoote for the purpose of bringing in some wounded. The appeal was in the closing lines: “We have suffered much!” The note was signed by the Commandant of the French Marines, beloved by officers and men alike, and I knew that his need must be great. To get to Zuydschoote from Elverdinghe a winding road through fields and farms had to be taken. The vil- lage was a typical Belgian settlement; just one street with, perhaps, two-score houses on it; a church, post-office and half a dozen estaminets (little cafes). Now, all that is left is a portion of the church tower and one wall, frag- ments of the walls of less than a dozen of the houses and the rest — merely heaps of bricks and stones. THEY DID THEIR FULL DUTY The marines were a division of the Ninth French Army, to which at that time I was attached. They had been ordered into Zuydschoote and told to hold it, and they did their duty. Two thousand of them went into that village and a week later less than 500 were able to march out of it. The balance were either buried in the fields or were on their way to hospitals in the south of France — maimed for life. They were not the regular “handy men” either. They were reserve men — fishermen, 'longshoremen and such from the ports of southern France who had served their time in the navy. Mostly of middle age and older, they had none of the rash enthusiasm of youth. They were settled in their little seaside occupations when the call came. When the ambulances went up in the early dawn for their wounded there was always a score from the trenches who had fistfuls of letters and postal cards to send back to the base — and 95 per cent, of them were addressed to “Bon Femme” or “ Ma Famille.” Seven ambulances and a wagon, all, of course, motors, were all we had at Woesten (three miles from Zuydschoote) when the call came. While the orderly was having a cup of hot coffee a call was issued for volunteers. All responded and the drivers were picked — this causing much dissatisfaction among those left. A THRILLING RIDE As it happened, the driver of No. 13 Ambulance knew the road best, having been over it with me several times. So I elected that he should lead the procession with me beside him on the front seat. No lights could be used and a knowledge of the shell holes — some of them four feet deep in places — was necessary. It is needless to say that it was raining. In addition there was a cold wind and the roads were knee deep in mud. From Woesten to Elver- dinghe there “was nothing to report.” It was merely a case of dodging regiments going in and out — slipping past ammunition trains hurrying to the insatiable guns — crowding into the ditch as a car driven by a wild Parisian chauffeur dashed past bearing staff officers T to the front — and stopping now and then an incoming convoy of horse-driven ambulances to ask “how is it up there?” At last into Elverdinghe — and the tide of traffic swings off to the right toward Y pres. We are bound the other way, where the marines are hold- ing the line. A warning to the drivers and orderlies not to strike a light and to put out all cigarettes, and we turned to the left and were out on the road to Zuydschoote. We cannot take the main road through Boesinghe (where the first big gas attack came later and where Canada gave her best to save the Empire) because the road is being shelled and we would be in view of the enemy trenches when the star shells broke, so we must take our way by a wind- ing road through the fields. A foot deviation on either side — and there’s a two-foot drop into a ditch. I had to remember where the shell holes were and I was bound not to show hesitation or fear — for that’s the officer’s part! Came a period of running ahead and throwing a small flashlight on the edge of the shell holes. “Twenty-two’s in the ditch, sir,” was the next thing. “Tell him to get in further so that the other cars can get past and then make his best way out,” is the reply. THE HORRORS OF WAR Past an old farmhouse and mill — now in ruins — and then the shells start falling along the road. The Germans evidently think that a regiment is coming in to relieve FIRST AID TO THE INJURED A wounded Belgian being carried away on his rifle from the fighting line at Lebbeke. the marines and, just for fun, are dropping shells at fifteen- minute intervals. None strike us, but a green driver gets nervous and there's another car in the ditch! Another swing to the left and we are in Zuydschoote. Under the light of the star shells we see the stretch of ruined houses and, on the left, the wall of the church with the frag- ments of its tower. I n front was the cross with the Christ on it bending his gaze on the ruin and desolation of “civi- lized” warfare. Just as we get in, a double battery of the famous “Soixante-quinze” opens up. They are just be- hind the village and along the road which parallels the German trenches. The "Crash! Crash!” of the guns; the whine of the shells overhead and the flashes as the guns explode are not cal- culated to soothe the nerves. “How r many, Monsieur Commandant*? ” “Too many, Monsieur Doctor. My children have suf- fered heavily and we will need many times the ambulances you have.” They had indeed suffered heavily. They had been told to attack, with the object of another division making the real attack further up the line. They obeyed orders — and suffered accordingly. For the whole night the am- bulances went back and along that shell-shattered road and before morning nearly a thousand marines were take to aid posts where they obtained the service it was im- possible to give them in the trenches. Back at the “Poste de Soucurs ” at Woesten and Oostvleteren the marines were cared for. Some were operated on immediately, for their wounds admitted of no delay. The rest waited for the ambulance train which ran along by the roadside and took to Dunkirk those whose wounds allowed removal. In box cars, in cattle trucks (the sign was on them all “eight horses or twenty men”), in converted passenger cars, they went back to the towms whence they came — but behind them they left an equal number of their comrades who would nevermore see the busy quays of Marseilles. Havre or Boulogne. Next day the Chasseur Alpines and the hussars relieved what was left of the marines. The Commandant held in his hand a list of those who had given their lives or bodie* for their country and as he turned to leave said: “Of all my children there are not fifty left uninjured. We held our place — but for what? How will that satisfy their wives and children?” And there was no answer I could make. RED-TAPE’S EVIL WORK This was during the terrible winter of 1914-1915; terrible because there was such a lack of proper ambulances where they were needed — at the front. Big-hearted people of England and America had given hundreds of ambulances, perfectly appointed, to the Allied forces. But red-tape — always dear to the official mind — -held them in Paris, Boulogne, Calais and Dunkirk. Meanwhile, the men who were smashed and torn at the Yser and Ypres were carted in horse-drawn vehicles over shell-torn and muddy roads, taking hours to transport a few wounded where later the motor ambulances hurried hundreds to safety and life in a few minutes. Later on the policy of the governments was changed to such an extent that the donated ambulances were taken over by the forces and placed in charge of units of the regular troops. It still remains the policy of the Allied armies, however, that volunteer civilians shall r.ot get near the firing-line and today there are but two such organizations on the front — one a unit of Quakers attached to the British army, which also does ambulance work w ith the French and Belgians, and the American Ambulance which supplies cars and drivers to transport wounded for the French in Belgium and the Aisne district. The service rendered by these tw’o beneficent organizations is most efficient and has been highly commended by those who have witnessed it. FM>tRMOOH * UJDKIIWOOD WAITING FOR STRICKEN PASSENGERS Motor ambulances stationed at a devastated farm in the rear of the trenches, somewhere in the western war zone. A summons to carry away scores of wounded may come at any moment. ARE WE ALE GOING TO BY CHARLTON BATES STRAY ER AMERICAN AEROPLANES FOR EUROPEAN BATTLEFIELDS New machines being tried out at Hammondsport, where many of the flying machines for the Allied armies are built. MISS HARRIET QUIMBT In her biplane, ready for a flight. Miss Quimby was the first woman to fly alone across the English Channel. A TRACTOR FLYING BOAT Built for Harold F. McCormick, an en- thusiastic amateur aviator. It is pre- dicted that within a few years aviation will be a general sport T HE conquest of the air is the greatest material achievement in the world’s history. With such amazing swiftness has the art of flying advanced during the past decade that in forecasting the near future the imagination must be en- listed. It is not idle to say that in a few years the aeroplane will be as commonly used as the automobile is now. In the rapidity of its develop- ment, and in a far more difficult field at that, the aeroplane has fairly run away from the automobile. This progress is largely the result of the war. A few years ago, a flight across the English Channel was an amazing feat, the aeroplane was the helpless victim of every fickle gust of wind, while the flight of an hour with a passenger aboard made a thriller for the headlines. The memorable trip across the channel by Miss Harriet Quimby of Leslie’s staff, in 1912, the first channel flight by a woman alone, has not yet been duplicated. “Less than a decade ago,” says Senor Santos-Dumont, the Brazilian aviator and scientist, “my aeroplane was considered a marvel. In this machine, in which there was room for only one person, I used a 20-horsepower motor. My record flight was 12 miles, and I could carry only enough gasoline to fly three-quarters of an hour.” Today aeroplanes can carry 30 passengers, can fly over 24 hours without alighting, have ascended practically five miles, and between sunrise and sunset have traveled 1,300 miles. “We no longer,” says M. Dumont, “fear wind or weather. The modern machine can brave any gale, and fly through a storm of any velocity. It can travel over mountains, forests and seas. The atmosphere is its ocean, and its ports are everywhere.” Centuries ago Themistocles said: “He who commands the seas commands all.” This Rear Admiral Robert E. Peary has amended to read: “He who commands the air commands all.” Britain’s command of the sea has given her the whip hand in this war, but the next great war will be fought in the air, and no man dare predict the out- come, even in this war, should the British and German fleets clash, with a fringe of submarines in the fan of the attack, while Zeppelins and aeroplanes fill the sky over- head and rain destruction on the boats below. The first aeroplane flight was made in this country, and it is a matter of regret that we did not follow up the BROWN BROS. AEROPLANE SHOPS ARE THE BUSIEST OF OUR INDUSTRIES A shop where the small fittings are made for one of the big factories. Hundreds of airships of all sizes are being made every month in American factories— and they all go to Europe. A RECENT BRITISH WAR PLANE This plane was built at Hendon for the army and is shown ready for its trial trips. It is one of the latest models of army machine. epoch-making achievements of the Wright Brothers. The genius of France then took hold of the idea and in a masterly manner led in its development, while the necessity of war has stimulated as great progress in 20 months as would have taken 20 years in time of peace. The United States is lamentably deficient both in the peaceful use of aeroplanes and in their employment for defensive pur- poses. The Wall Street Journal is au- thority for the statement that we are shipping as many aeroplanes to Europe every day as the whole United States army has in commission. The published estimates of the War and Navy Departments for next year call for less than 100 aeroplanes at a cost of $2,000,000. The minimum number should be 2,000 and an expenditure of $10,000,000 would still leave us behind Japan, the Nether- lands and even Spain in aeronautical equipment. If we spent $25,000,000, England, France, Germany and Rus- sia would yet be ahead of us. We sent only two aero- planes to the Mexican border because we had no more to spare. The navy must ever be the first line of defense of a country having so extensive a coast line as the United States, but we need the aeroplane picket to pro- vide, as Admiral Peary says, “a national burglar alarm around the entire country.” The peaceful uses of the aeroplane are just as significant as those of defense. An aerial coast patrol would be a most valuable adjunct to the existing coast guard. The utilization of the aeroplane in the mail service offers un- limited possibilities. The thousands of aviators so em- ployed w r ould constitute an auxiliary' for defense in time of w'ar. The day ought not to be far distant when air lines shall connect North and South America. Claude Grahame- White predicts that in 20 years giant aeroplanes making 200 miles an hour will speed from New York to London in 15 hours. The next step will be around-the- world trips by air. While all this is developing, the local uses of the aeroplane will increase correspondingly. In ten years the flying machine will be as common as the auto- mobile to-day. Far-seeing automobile makers will soon be turning to the aeroplane, one of the largest eoncerm having already purchased a trying-out ground for flying machines. Travel in the future is to be through the air. FIBJLB WO MI OF THE Y. M. C. A TWENTY THOUSAND SOLDIERS IN CAMP NEAR SAN ANTONIO Panoiamic view of a part of Camp Wilson, where militiamen were soon transformed into trained soldiers. Here the Y. M. C. A. had four headquarters buildings, only one of which is shown in the photograph. It stands to the extreme left, near the top of the picture, and was exclusively for the use of the Eighth Illinois regiment (colored). The headquarters buildings were in charge of secretaries, the average number to a building being five. The soldiers were supplied with reading and writing material and amusements. TEMPORARY HEADQUARTERS As soon as the various camps were opened along the bor- der the Y. M .C. A. put up tents to serve as headquar- ters until wooden structures could be erected. The tent here shown was at Camp Wilson, but similar ones were ud within 24 hours after the soldiers got on the prounci in every camp along the border. The enthusiasm j of the army officers for t v work of the Y M . C. A. was boundless and every facility was given the secretaries. AN ALL-DAY CHURCH The Methodist church at McAllen, Tex., which is kept open all day and evening and is provided with read- ing matter, writing materials and a piano. The soldiers flocked to it from the start and the genial Y. M. C. A. secretaries made them feel at home. Funds for this splendid work are contrib- uted by those who want to do something really valu- able to the men who have sacrificed so much for their country. WIIAT TIIE ASSOCIATION PREVENTS A soldier being placed in a Pullman car for transport to a base hos- pital He has been wounded, but in a no more glorious cause than a saloon fight. By furnishing amusement ana social facilities for the men the Y. M. C. A. keeps them out of objectionable resorts. i ms snows the approved type of Y. M. v_. A. headquarters under construction. The floor space is 40 by 80 feet and the building is 10 feet high at the eaves and 20 feet at the ridgepole. The sides are boarded up to a height of four feec. Above this is an open space of three feet covered with wire netting to keep out insects. The windows between the upper and lower roofs provide additional ventilation. Along both sides of the building are writing tables and benches. Books, magazines and newspapers are on tables in the middle of the room and space is provided at the end of the building for meetings. Pens, paper, ink and postage stamps were furnished free to soldiers, and chess, checkers, dominoes and similar games were provided. The most popular feature, however, was the ice water barrell. Graphophones and motion picture machines furnished amusement. Among the larger contributors to the work were the Rockefeller Foundation, $50,00C; Cleveland H. Dodge, $10,000; William Sloane, $10,000; H. S. Harkness, $10,000; Mrs. Finley G. Shepard, $10,000; George W. L Perkins, Mrs. Russell Sage and H. H. Scoville, each $5,000. SECRETARIES LABOR WITH HAMMER AND SAW W. W. Gethmann, W. W. Kirkland and Fred Thomas at work on headquarters for the First Illinois cavalry. The Y. M. C. A. erected 40 of these buildings. The work was handled by the International Committee, Y. M. C. A., 124 East 28th Street, New York.