(iiV 
 
LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UN IVLR5ITY 
 
 Of ILLINOIS 
 
 From the Library of 
 
 Professor Henry F. Wickham 
 
 University of Iowa 
 
 Presented in 1942 
 
 59S.T(o 
 VNTSBcol 
 
 otc ^ 
 
 1942 
 
 HISTORY 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2010 with funding from 
 
 University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/coleopterahesperOOwoll 
 
LIBRARY 
 
 UWlVtRStlY Of UXINOIS 
 
 URBANA 
 
S. Antonio 
 
 S. Vicente 
 '^■^ — <irx^^ lucia 
 
 S. Nicolao 
 
 Sal 
 
 Fog-o 
 
 4:^ 
 \iP.'da. FwTta. 
 
 Brava 
 
 Maio 
 
COLEOPTERA HESPERIDUM, 
 
 BEING AN ENUMEEATION 
 
 COLEOPTEEOUS INSECTS 
 
 CAPE VERDE AUCHIPELAGO. 
 
 T. VERNON WOLLASTON, M.A., F.L.S. 
 
 LONDON: 
 JOHN VAN VOOKST, 1 PATERNOSTER ROW. 
 
 MDCCCLXVII. 
 
PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, 
 RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 
 

 V 
 
 
 TO 
 
 THE BARAO DO CASTELLO DE PAIVA, 
 
 OF LISBON, 
 
 WHOSE LONG-CONTINUED LABOURS IN THE CAUSE OF NATURAL 
 SCIENCE HAVE RENDERED HIS NAME SO JUSTLY CELEBRATED 
 THROUGHOUT PORTUGAL, AND FROM WHOSE FRIENDLY INTER- 
 VENTION I HAVE, ON NUMEROUS OCCASIONS, DERIVED MUCH 
 VALUABLE ASSISTANCE IN THE PROCURING OF ENTOMOLOGICAL 
 MATERIAL FROM THE VARIOUS AND WIDELY SCATTERED ISL.4NDS 
 OF THESE SUBAFRICAN ATLANTIC GROUPS, THE PRESENT TREA- 
 TISE ON THE COLEOPTERA OF THE CAPE VERDE ARCHIPELAGO 
 IS DEDICATED. 
 
 i i 9537 i 
 
PEEFACE. 
 
 The material from whicli the present Treatise has been com- 
 piled is mainly the result of two expeditions which were 
 undertaken by John Gray, Esq., in his yacht ' the Gar- 
 land ; ' and it was during the second of these, Avhen I myself 
 had the good fortune to accompany him, that the majority 
 of the species were collected. 
 
 Considering that both of Mr. Gray's trips were accom- 
 plished at nearly the driest season of the year, and moreover 
 after an interval of almost unprecedented drought (when even 
 the scanty rains which are accustomed to fall during the 
 autumnal months had been wellnigh withheld), I should 
 not have ventured to elaborate from our material a Coleo- 
 pterous Fauna of the Group, were it not that 
 
 (1) the extreme difficulty of investigating so remote and 
 little-visited an archipelago renders it most desirable that 
 whatever is known about its productions should be so re- 
 corded that it may be kept permanently together ; and 
 
 (2) the result of my own experience in five of the islands 
 has convinced me that the species are at all times so few 
 in number (as compared with what are usually to be met 
 with in regions which are less barren), and moreover, on the 
 average, so uniformly distributed over the various parts of 
 the cluster, that I feel tolerably satisfied that the short Cata- 
 
VI PREFACE. 
 
 logue which I am enabled to supply does in reality contain a 
 very considerable proportion of the forms which would pro- 
 bably be found, not only during even the rainy season, but 
 likewise in whichever island happened to be the one which 
 was selected for investigation. 
 
 The Cape Verde archipelago may be said to include within 
 it ten islands (for a number of outlying rocks, most of them 
 nearly inaccessible, can scarcely be taken into account) ; and 
 indeed one of these " ten " (namely S'" Lucia) is so small, 
 as compared with the rest, that it might wellnigh be ignored, 
 or at any rate affiliated to S. Vicente ; in which case the 
 number would be reduced to nine. Therefore, when I men- 
 tion that the present Catalogue refers to six out of the nine, it 
 will at least be admitted that a tolerable amount of the entire 
 area has been partially examined. And moreover it is espe- 
 cially to be noted that the three which still remain untouched 
 are the three eastern ones of the Ch'oup — Sal, Boavista, and 
 Maio (known generally as the "Salt Islands ^^) — which, 
 from their geographical position and natural features, might 
 almost be said to constitute a distinct assemblage of them- 
 selves. 
 
 The six islands treated of in this volume are S. Antonio, S. 
 Vicente, S. Nicolao, S.Iago, Fogo, and Brava; and S. Nico- 
 lao is the only one of them which I have not, myself, explored. 
 That island however was visited by Mr. Gray during his first 
 cruise, in February 1864, when I was unable to accompany 
 him ; but as he did not then pay so much attention to ento- 
 mology as was the case on his second trip, the list from 
 S. Nicolao will be found to be less complete than those from 
 the remaining five of the islands which I have above enu- 
 merated. Yet there can be no doubt that S. Nicolao is, in 
 reality, one of the most productive of the whole. 
 
PREFACE. Vll 
 
 The first of Mr. Gray's sojourns in the Cape Verde archi- 
 pelago (when he was accompanied by the Rev. R. T. Lowe) 
 commenced on February 13th, 1864, and was continued 
 until the 2nd of the following April ; Avhilst the second (in 
 which Mr. Lowe and myself were his companions) occupied 
 January and February of 1866. Both of these expeditions 
 were undertaken in his yacht ' the Garland/ — an arrange- 
 ment by which the most favourable opportunities were 
 secured for reaching the distant parts of the Group. But, 
 long anterior to this (namely in December 1856) a single day 
 was spent at S. Vicente by Mr. Gray and the Rev. Hamlet 
 Clark, on their outward voyage to Brazil, when a few species 
 were captured by them [vide the footnote on the page which 
 precedes my " Index Topographicus "^ which have not sub- 
 sequently been met with. And I may add also that, in 
 addition to this, a similar passing visit was paid to the 
 same island (on the 11th of June, 1857) by my nephew. 
 Captain F. W. Hutton — and others, of a like nature, by Mr. 
 A. Fry, of London, — from both of whom, though particu- 
 larly the latter, I have obtained some slight but interesting 
 accessions to the general material. 
 
 My grateful acknowledgments are due to Dr. H. Dohm, 
 of Stettin, who has placed unreservedly in my hands all the 
 specimens which he collected during a sojourn (in January 
 1865) in the island of S. Antonio; and it is much to be 
 regretted that an unfortunate accident should have destroyed 
 completely the whole of those which he afterwards amassed 
 in S. Vicente, S'* Lucia, S. Nicolao, and S. lago, and which, 
 consequently, are lost to science. I would call particular 
 attention to this fact, because Dr. Dohm laboured success- 
 fully and hard in the several islands above mentioned, great 
 credit being due to him for the persevering energy which he 
 
Vlll PREFACE. 
 
 brought to bear upon his self-imposed task ; and there can 
 be no doubt that his collections, had they been presented, 
 would have enabled me to render the present Catalogue far 
 more complete than it is. But, as just mentioned, they 
 perished entirely, — a few little bottles of Coleoptera which 
 he remitted to me from S. Antonio being all that remains to 
 attest his zeal in a cause which he took in hand with such 
 diligence and goodwill. This S. Antonio batch, however, 
 although containing but a small number of species, is ex- 
 tremely interesting ; and it will be observed that I have had 
 frequent occasion, throughout the volume, to allude to Dr. 
 Dohm's researches in that particular island. 
 
 My excellent friend, also, the Barao do Castello de Paiva, 
 of Lisbon, has not failed to add his quota to the material 
 which has enabled me to compile the present Treatise, — two 
 consignments which he obtained from S. Vicente and Fogo 
 having furnished (at any rate in the case of that from the 
 latter) a few novelties of considerable importance ; and I am 
 glad to have it in my power to place on record, thus far, the 
 services of one who has ever proved himself ready to lend a 
 helping hand to the cause of science — not only in the Cape 
 Verde archipelago, but in the various other islands of these 
 scattered Atlantic Groups. 
 
 To M. Fauvel, of Caen, my thanks are likewise due for 
 examining certain members of the Staphylinidee, and for 
 communicating others — one of which has proved to be new 
 to the Cape Verde fauna. 
 
 It now only remains for me to acknowledge with thank- 
 fulness the kuid help which we received, dui'ing our sojourn 
 at S. Vicente, from Thomas Miller, Esq., H.B.M. Consul 
 for the Cape Verdes, and from Mr. G. K. Rendall,— both 
 of whom afforded us, with characteristic liberality, every 
 
PKEFACE. IX 
 
 facility in their power for carrying ont the special object of 
 our trip, furnishing us with local data without which we 
 could scarcely have accomplished all that we desired. To 
 Mr. Miller indeed I am additionally indebted for numerous 
 contributions of Coleoptera, both previous to and since our 
 late campaign, which, from including occasional novelties to 
 the fauna, have proved to be of great geographical import- 
 ance. The long acquaintance of Mr. Miller with these 
 islands, added to his keen power of observation and general 
 fondness for natui'al science, give a value to his assistance 
 which it would be ungrateful to overlook ; and I have had 
 much pleasure therefore in placing on record, as the oppor- 
 tunities presented themselves, the aid which has at various 
 times been granted to me by his successful and disinterested 
 researches. 
 
 Although pertaining to a different Group of islands from 
 the more northern ones which supplied the material for my 
 ' Coleoptera Atlantidum,^ I have nevertheless thought it 
 admissible to embody, in a short Appendix at the end of this 
 volume, a few addenda and corrigenda to the IMadeirau and 
 Canarian faunas which have been brought to light since the 
 publication of that work. 
 
 Teignmouth, Dec. 7, 18G7. 
 
XU INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 trust, hereafter, if not by myself, by some more successful observer. 
 But I nevertheless venture to hope that it will constitute a basis, 
 tolerably accurate so far as it goes, for future discoveries to be, from 
 time to time, engrafted upon, as circumstances may require ; and it 
 is this hope alone which has encoiu-aged me to give a definite shape 
 to the result of the researches (principally) of Mr, Gray and myself, 
 during o\ir late cruise in that remote and little-visited archipe- 
 lago. 
 
 The three islands of which we had not the time to attempt an in- 
 vestigation are Sal, Boavista, and Maio ; and any naturalist, there- 
 fore, who will undertake the difficult task of ransacking this somewhat 
 isolated eastern assemblage will confer a real boon on the entomolo- 
 gical geography of the Cape Verdes. Yet I must express my belief 
 that, from all we could ascertain about them, their fauna will be found 
 to be extremely poor— far more so indeed than that of the western 
 members of this singularly unproductive cluster ; for they are not 
 only less elevated than any of the latter, but apparently drier still 
 and (if possible) even more barren. One might perhaps conceive them 
 to have a rather closer affinity than the other islands with the African 
 coast (as indeed their very position itself would tend to imply) ; and 
 their more sandy, salt-producing surfaces will further point towards 
 the same conclusion. But they must clearly possess a fauna, however 
 scanty, of some sort ; and we may expect that they will be ascertained 
 to harbour (apart from many species which are doubtless distributed 
 over the entire archipelago) a few saline and sand-infesting forms 
 which probably do not occur elsewhere in the Group. 
 
 General Statistics. — Though I have already hinted at it in my Pre- 
 fatory remarks, I would desire here to lay particular stress on the 
 strong conviction which was forced upon us, after examining six of 
 these widely scattered islands, touching the comparative sameness, or 
 want of variety, in the Coleopterous population of the Cape Verdes, 
 througliout the component parts of the archipelago. True it is that 
 every island has some forms which appear to be peculiar to it (the 
 result often, I cannot but think, of the slight modifying influence 
 possessed, within its own proper limits, by mere isolation — as exem- 
 plified in certain ultra-indigenous genera, like Dinas, Oxycara, and 
 Trichosternum), and it likewise frequently happens that what is rare 
 in one island is common in another ; but it was singular how very 
 much, on the whole, the same actual species were met with by us in 
 even the most distant parts of the Group — far more so than what my 
 
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XUl 
 
 experience in the Madeiras and Canaries would have led me to anti- 
 cipate. I look upon this as an important consideration, in discussing 
 the statistics ; because it supplies presumptive evidence that the united 
 list, from all the islands which we investigated, must make a nearer 
 approach to a general fauna than could have been the case had the 
 several islands been less uniformly tenanted, — species which escaped 
 our notice in one island having had no less than Jive other chances {m 
 the remaining five islands which we partially explored) of being de- 
 tected. This must necessarily be true, as to principle, in the over- 
 hauling of every insular assemblage ; but the " uniformity " to which 
 I have just called attention inclines me to believe that it ispar excel- 
 lence so in the Cape Yerdes — where I feel tolerably satisfied that even 
 two or three islands well examined (or a greater number less perfectly 
 so — as in this instance) would give lis, conjointly, an overwhelming 
 proportion of the species which inhabit the entire archipelago. 
 
 It will easily be gathered from the above observations that, despite 
 the poverty of one or two of our island-lists (such as those from S. 
 j^icolao and Brava), I have every reason to suspect that the 278 spe- 
 cies for which I am enabled to vouch embody «t'cry considerable j^ro- 
 porfion of the Coleoptera which "wiU ever be brought to light in the 
 Cape Verde Group*. And although it is true that the excessive dry- 
 ness of the particular months during which our cmise was undertaken 
 resulted in an unnatural scarcity of insect-life, I nevertheless beheve, 
 after a close inspection of fragmentary remains (often in great abun- 
 dance), that even the rainy season, while unquestionably furnishing 
 some novelties which altogether escaped us, would be more likely to 
 augment the number of the individuals of the species which we met 
 with than to favour the appearance of any vast amount of additional 
 forms. At any rate I think that the 278 species may be so safely 
 received as a fair sample of the entire beetle-poiiulation (should it 
 ever be made known), that we may ventiire to anticipate that the 
 novelties which may hereafter occur will not alter materially the 
 relative proportions, inter se, of the twelve primary Divisions under 
 which the Coleoptera are usually supposed to arrange themselves. 
 And the probability that it will not be much interfered with by 
 future accessions to the list may tend perhaps to render the distribu- 
 tion here implied all the more interesting. 
 
 * Only 275 species are actually enumerated in this volume ; but I possess the 
 remains of two additions to the Geodejihaga (a Braclyhcsnus ? and a Sfenolojihus ?), 
 and of one (on the Zrmifis ? tj'pe) to the Hcteromera, — ■which, although too frag- 
 mentary to be made use of in a descriptive Catalogue, are nevertheless quite suffi- 
 cient (wlieremere««««6ers are alone concerned) for the general statistics. 
 
XIV INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 Ileteromera 49 
 
 Brachelytra 42 
 
 Necropliaga 39 
 
 Geodepliaga 39 
 
 Rliyncliophora 27 
 
 Priocerata 18 
 
 Cordylocerata 16 
 
 Phytophaga 14 
 
 Psoudotrimera 14 
 
 Philbydrida 13 
 
 Ilydradephaga 7 
 
 Eucerata 
 
 "278 
 
 The salient fact elicited from the above is that the relative propor- 
 tions which these great Departments of the Coleoptera bear to each 
 other is pretty nearly the same here as it is in the Madeiran and 
 Canarian Gvow^s, except that the Heteroniera ajidlthynchopJiora would 
 appear to have changed places, — the former being more expressed in 
 the Cape Verdes, and the latter less so, than is the case in those com- 
 paratively northern and prolific archipelagos. Although it may not 
 have been so at every period of their histoiy, before the improvident 
 inhabitants had by the destruction of the timber reduced them to the 
 merest cinder heaps, this is entirely in accordance with what we should 
 anticipate from the present condition of these arid islands — in which 
 the Heteromerous forms would naturally find a more congenial home 
 than the Curculionideous ones, which are mainly dependent, for their 
 subsistence, on the vegetable world. The other peculiarites which 
 characterize the Madeiran and Canarian faunas are here not only 
 shadowed forth but even exaggerated — the Eucerata, which are there 
 so feebly represented, having hitherto had no exponent detected in 
 the Cape Verdes. I do not wish however to imply my belief that the 
 Longicorns are absent from the archipelago ; for the fact that our re- 
 searches were prosecuted at the wrong season of the year may account 
 for our not having met with them, and indeed I did obtain a larva 
 (beneath the dead bark of a gigantic Ficiis in the interior of S. lago) 
 which I believe to have been a Cerambideous one ; but I am satisfied 
 that, if existing, they must be marvellously scarce, or we could hardly 
 have failed to observe at any rate the traces of them in some of the 
 numerous localities which we examined*. After the Eucerata, the 
 
 * Possibly indeed, as iu the Madeiran and Canarian Groups, the rotten Eitphor- 
 /;/«-stems, wlien patiently investigated, may be found to harbour one or two spe- 
 cies of the Eucerata. 
 
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XV 
 
 Hyclraclephaga occupy the lowest place in the list, and next to them 
 the Philhydrida — which is also in harmony with the Madeiran and 
 Canarian statistics : indeed it is only surprising that they should have 
 any representative at all in a cluster some of the islands of which 
 are entirely destitute (except during the short and capricious " rainy 
 season ") of the merest vestige of streams, whilst even the somewhat 
 less barren ones (such as S. Antonio and S. lago) are but scantily 
 supplied with water in certain distant and favoured spots. The Phy- 
 tophaga too have but few exponents (particularly when we take into 
 account that about 5 out of the 14 species which I have recorded are 
 probably introduced ones), and stand both relatively and absolutely 
 lower in the scale than is the case in the more northern Groups — the 
 result, doubtless, of the very same circumstances which have occa- 
 sioned a general depauperation of the Rhj-nchophorous fauna. The 
 Geodephaga, on the other hand, hold the same relative position 
 that they do in the ' Coleoptera Atlantidum,' — a position which must 
 be considered decidedly high for this arid archipelago. 
 
 Local Statistics. — "While discussing the local statistics of the more 
 northern Groups, when I compiled my ' Coleoptera Atlantidum,' I 
 drew special attention to the numerous obstacles which must needs 
 present themselves against the thorough exploration of any assem- 
 blage composed of widely scattered islands — all of which are more or 
 less dangerous of access, and some nearly unapproachable. This can- 
 not but be true, wheresoever the archipelago is situated ; and it is a 
 vast adjunct, therefore, to the difficulty when a distance of nearly 
 3000 miles has to be gone over before the labour of research can be 
 even commenced. But, apart from this latter fact, the investigation 
 itself is in some cases wellnigh insuperable ; for to reach the sepa- 
 rate islands at all, omitting none, is frequently a task of no ordinary 
 difficulty and sometimes of actual danger ; so that to land on the 
 whole of them, and moreover ofte^i enough to be enabled to catalogue 
 their several faunas as indicated throughout the year, is an herculean 
 work which it might projierly require a lifetime to accomplish. I 
 mention this in order to draw a correct contrast between the labour 
 of investigating an island-Group and a region which is imbroken ; 
 for every island (whether large or small) being, as it were, a country 
 in itself, a. general list for the archipelago will not convey a sufficiently 
 accurate idea of the entomological geography unless accompanied at 
 the same time by special ones for the several islands which are in- 
 cluded within it, and which in the character of their productions often 
 
XVI TNTRODUCTOllY REMARKS. 
 
 differ materially amongst themselves. So that while the exploring 
 of a continuous land involves but a single operation (however pro- 
 longed), that of an'iusular assemblage necessitates many distinct ones, 
 to be commenced de novo, according to the number of the islands 
 which must be separately examined. From which considerations it 
 would follow that, whatever be the difficulty in compiling a (jeneral 
 catalogue for an arcliipelago, it is far eclipsed by that which is involved 
 in the elaboration of (what we may be permitted to call) a hatch of 
 lists — rendered indispensable by the existence of islands in each of 
 which a considerable number of the same common species will have 
 to be conscientiously vouched for and recorded. 
 
 This great difficidty in filling up the island lists of an extensive and 
 remote insular assemblage, added to the dryness of the particular sea- 
 son during which we visited the Cape Verdes, must be my apology 
 for the incompleteness of one or two of the catalogues. Yet, at the 
 same time, while I am fuUy persuaded that theymight be considerably 
 increased by a resumed exploration at a more favourable period of 
 the year (especially as regards S. Nicolao, which we did not even 
 attempt to investigate during our late trip, and which was only just 
 glanced at by Mr. Gray on his former cruise), I will venture to hope 
 that their defectiveness is to a certain extent more apparent than real ; 
 for I have already called attention to the unusual and singular 
 barrenness of this wonderfully arid cluster. But, be this as it may, 
 the great unifonnity (lately referred to) of the insect-population 
 throughout the archipelago, as compared with what that of the Ca- 
 naries and Madeiras would have led us to anticipate, encourages me 
 to believe that, whatever be the deficiencies in the ZomHists (as given 
 below), the general one at all events (above recorded) will be found, 
 even eventually, to include a very considerable proportion of the en- 
 tire fauna. In the case indeed of an island which is so small, and so 
 marvellously barren, as S. Vicente, I doubt if even the rainy season 
 would supply us with many additions to the 132 species which I am 
 enabled to enumerate ; and it is probably due to our longer sojourn 
 there than elsewhere that its catalogue has been raised to a higher 
 number than that of any of the other islands, — for I need scarcely add 
 that S. Antonio and S. lago, which are larger and (in many districts) 
 more luxuriant than S. Vicente, ought in reality to possess a richer 
 fauna than the latter. Brava, being so limited in extent, would not 
 be likely to furnish any very considerable list ; nevertheless the 61 for 
 which alone I can vouch would probably be at least doubled diiring a 
 more favourable season of the year ; for at the time of our visit it 
 
IXTliODUCTOUY RKM AHKS. XVU 
 
 was perhaps even more dried-up still than anj-of the other islands. The 
 following Table will indicate the number of the species hitherto brought 
 to light, in the six islands which have been partially examined * : — 
 
 S. Antonio ll'i 
 
 S. Vicente 132 
 
 S. Nicolao 27 
 
 S. lago • 130 
 
 Fogo f»8 
 
 Brava 61 
 
 Considering that each of these numbers vouches for the ascertained 
 existence of some one species in one or the other of the above-men- 
 tioned islands, it follows that the 557 which they amount to might 
 so far as the labour of observation is concerned have been all distinct 
 species. But since a large proportion of the forms permeate the en- 
 tire archipelago, and have therefore to be registered over and over 
 again for the different islands, the general catalogue, so far as hitherto 
 ascertained, for the whole Group reaches only (as above stated) to 
 275. 
 
 Dominant Forms. — Although it is difficult to conjecture what the 
 prevailing types may have been before the native timber (which must 
 at any rate have clothed certain districts and ravines) had been de- 
 stroyed, and the islands consequently reduced to the dry and depau- 
 perated state in which we now find them, it is certain that the par- 
 ticular forms which are at present dominant, although existing in the 
 utmost abundance, are but few in number, and confined jirincipally 
 to the Heteromerous groups. Indeed the two great genera which 
 may be said to characterize the archipelago — occurring beneath stones 
 and refuse everywhere, and permeating every part of it, from the 
 sea-level to the summits of the peaks — are Oxycara (of the Tenty- 
 riado') and Tricliosternum (of the OpatridcB) ; both of which possess 
 slightly modified, though permanently differing, exponents for most 
 of the islands, — exponents which it is far from impossible may be in 
 reality but insular phases (shaped out, as it were, within their re- 
 spective districts, by the combined influence of mere interbreeding and 
 isolation) of two aboriginal generic tjq^es. At any rate the evidence 
 before us seems suggestive of some such maturing process ; for al- 
 though there is nothing to warrant a suspicion that any further change 
 
 * Of the three species the fragmentary remains of which I alhided to in the 
 foot-note on page xiii., one was found (by Mr. Miller) in S. Vicente, and tlie other 
 two (which are Geodephaga) in S. lago. I have therefore added them to the re- 
 spective numbers for tliose particular islands. 
 
 h 
 
will INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 is now going ou, we may ncvertliclcss reasonably conceive that the 
 altered circumstances of the entire province, consequent on its having 
 become broken up, might perhaps involve, as a sine qua non, a certain 
 amount of trifling after-modification in some of the more plastic 
 species which had been suddenly cut off from the rest of their kind : 
 for it is hardly credible that special creations, differing so minutely 
 i7iter se as the forms which we are now noticing, should have been 
 brought about, for the sake of giving a distinctive feature to every 
 individual island, and islet, in a scattered archipelago. Yet, at the 
 same time, we must recollect that even this is, after all, but an as- 
 sujvption (for we have no means, in reality, of gaining any positive 
 knowledge whatever on the subject) ; so that, in the total absence of 
 intermediate links, we have practically no choice left us but to treat 
 all such kindi-ed forms as true and bona fide species. I have entered 
 into these remarks because the many Oxycarce, and somewhat loss 
 numerous TricJiosterna, which I have been compelled to admit into 
 the present Catalogue, occupy perhaps the most prominent place, as 
 well as a rather peculiar one, amongst the Coleoptera of the Cape 
 Verdes ; and it is necessary therefore to state plainly, at the outset, 
 how far I feel bound to regard them (separated often, as they are, 
 from each other by extremely minute though permanent characters) 
 as genuine and undoubted species. In real fact, I consider that this 
 problem (in a strict abstract sense) cannot be solved — though, fortu- 
 nately, for all practical purposes, it may be said to carry its own solu- 
 tion (as a sheer matter of necessity) along with it. 
 
 After the above observations I need say little more about the Oxy- 
 caras, which constitute so marked a feature in the Coleopterous 
 population of this arid archipelago. Yet, however numerous they 
 are (both in species and individuals), their chief interest consists in 
 their exactly representing throughout these islands the Hegeters 
 which are so abundant in the Canarian cluster. Indeed their prima 
 facie aspect is so precisely that of Heyeter that until I had examined 
 them critically I could not persuade myself that they were generi- 
 cally distinct from it ; and I imagined therefore that they would 
 prove to be but the exponents of a Cape Yerde modification of that" 
 group. But their structural characters are nevertheless too decided, 
 and permanent, to admit of that conclusion ; whilst the fact that 
 Hegeter in its normal state (though only under the form of the widely 
 spread //. tristis, which of course may have been naturalized within 
 a comparatively recent period) docs actually occur likeivise in the 
 archipelago would tend stiU further to render it highly improbable 
 
IXTRODUCTOHY REMARKS. XIX 
 
 that the one is a geographical development from the other. But I 
 will add that, were it possible to suppose that this is the case (and I 
 myself do not believe it possible), I suspect that, by parity of reason- 
 ing, we should be compelled to admit that the equally dominant 
 TricJiostermon is but a southern phasis of the Madeiran (though not 
 Canarian) genus Hadrus. However I reject these fancies, as incapable 
 of proof ; and because if we once admit them to be worthy of conside- 
 ration, there is no limit to the absurdities into which we find our- 
 selves, ere long, imperceptibly led. 
 
 Next to Oxymra and Tricliosternum, I should regard the common 
 genus Opatrum as perhaps the most prevailing one ; for although the 
 number of its species which have been hitherto detected is not great 
 (being, in fact, only three), its individuals occasionally teem to as 
 marvellous an extent as those of the two groups above-mentioned. 
 This is particularly the case with the 0. patrueU, which in hot arid 
 spots of a rather low elevation may sometimes be found in multitudes 
 beneath the stones. But as it is the character of the Opatra in many 
 countries to be eminently gregarious, and the Cape Verde ones do not 
 appear to be peculiar to the archipelago, I cannot look upon the genus 
 as possessing any great geographical or local interest. 
 
 There is one form however which, although far less abundant in 
 the number of its individiials, I consider to be quite as characteristic 
 of the Cape Yerde archipelago as even Oxycara and Tricliosternum ; 
 and it is important to note that in this instance it is a Rhynchophorous 
 one, and not Heteromerous. It is a member of the subfamily Bracliy- 
 derides, and (while of comparatively diminutive stature as regards its 
 exponents) somewhat allied to the Canarian genus Herpysticus ; and 
 as it does not seem to have been enunciated, I have treated it as new 
 — proposing Dinas for a title. Although we gained no positive evi- 
 dence concerning its mode of life, yet I strongly suspect (from the 
 occurrence of one of its representatives, in S, Vicente, amongst the 
 dead branches, and even on the blossoms, of the Euphorbias) that it 
 is a Eupliorhia-miesimg genus ; and if this be so, the destruction of 
 the native timber (assuming such to have once existed), and the con- 
 sequent exhaustion of the major part of the vegetation fi'om lack of 
 moisture, would probably not much interfere with its economy and 
 well-being ; for the Euphorbias (which, however, are themselves fast 
 disappearing — being gathered by the inhabitants for dyeing-purposes 
 and for fuel) are able to thrive on even the most arid mountain-slopes. 
 Five representatives of this group having already been brought to 
 light, each of them peculiar to a single island, I fully anticipate that 
 
 \>2 
 
XX INTRODUCTORY RKMAKK-;. 
 
 many more will yet be discovered, and like^\•ise that the observations 
 which I have entered into concerning the " species " of Oxycara and 
 Trichosternum will perhaps be found to be equally applicable to a 
 certain number of those which constitute Dinas. I say " a certain 
 number," because at any rate one of them (namely the D. rugicollis, 
 which was captured ])y myself on the summit of Monte Yerde in S. 
 Vicente) is so marvellously dissimilar to the remainder, while be- 
 longing unquestionably to the same group, that I cannot suppose that 
 it (at any rate) could possibly have been matured, by even the most 
 extravagant process of " development," from any of its congeners ; 
 while, at the same time, the existence at all of a representative which 
 is comparatively so monstrous and abnormal would certainly tend to 
 strengthen my suspicion that many others (whether intermediate or 
 not) may, and probably do, remain to be detected. 
 
 Other forms there are which I would regard as eminently charac- 
 teristic of the Cape Yerdes, but which, from the fact that they have 
 not yet been detected throughout the major part of the archipelago, 
 I can scarcely pronounce to be so strictly " dominant " as those to 
 which I have just called attention. I allude to such insects as that 
 remarkable little setose Ptinid, the Microptinus echinatits — which in 
 at any rate the two northern islands, 8. Antonio and S. Yicente, is 
 universal (if not exactly abundant) from the level of the shore to the 
 mountain-tops ; and it possesses an additional interest geographically 
 through its close alliance, both in generic and specific details, with 
 one of the most indigenous (and apparently endemic) of those inha- 
 biting the Canarian Group. And, next, I may direct notice to the 
 Carabideous Cratognathus lahiatiis — which, while belonging to a 
 genus widely spread over these various Atlantic islands, is a species 
 which will prohahly be found to be wellnigh universal in the Cape 
 Yerdes : at all events, whether this be the case or not, it is locally 
 abundant (for the most part at a lofty elevation) in the three more 
 northern islands of S. Antonio, S. Yicente, and S. ^N'icolao*. 
 
 * Tn my observations under this Cratognathus, at page 23, 1 liave remarked that 
 in all probability it is the species which was defined by Eriehson in his Paper on 
 su])posed -'Angolan'" Coleoptera. The frequent allusion which has been made 
 to his Memoir, throughout the present volume, will suffice to place my conviction 
 on record of the grievous injury which was done (however unintentionally) to the 
 eaase ofentomologicalgeography by the serious blunder into which Eriehson was 
 unfortunately led through having been made to believe that the ?<7w/e of the mate- 
 rial which he undertook to examine and describe had been amassed in "Angola." 
 It was not until after his Paper (with its false conclusions on the subject of geo- 
 graphical distribution) had been published that it became known that the collector 
 who was sent from Berlin to investigate the Coleoptera of Angola, where he died, 
 touched at the Cape Verde islands on his outward route, and that the material 
 
l\Tll(M)UCTOKY REM AKKS. XXI 
 
 The Coccinellideous genus iSct/miius is rather largely repi'esented, 
 as indeed is the case with it also in the Canarian and Madeiran ar- 
 chipelagos ; but since it is far from impossible that a few out of the 
 ten exponents which I have recorded mai/ in reality be but perma- 
 nent phases of a central plastic type, its prcdomiuence2>er7tffps is moi'e 
 apparent than real. Amongst other forms which are locally abundant 
 with respect to individuals, though (unlike >SV_y;»/iH.5) represented, so 
 far as observed hitherto, by merely a single species, I may call parti- 
 cular attention to the curious Heteromerous Ammidium ciliatum 
 (which teems, around the roots of shrubby plants, on the loose sandy 
 maritime hillocks in S. Vicente, and which we may expect to meet 
 ■with in similar situations elsewhere) ; to the Aplianarthrum hespe- 
 ridum (closely allied to, if not indeed a modification of, the Madeii-an 
 and Canarian A. jjiscatorium, and which often swarms within the 
 rotten stems of the Euj:>liorhia TucJiCt/ana), to the Litargus 3-fascia- 
 tus (also Canarian, and frequently very common beneath decaying 
 vegetable refuse), and to the Sunius nigromaadatas, a North- 
 African sj)ecies which appears to be wellnigh universal, imder rub- 
 bish, throughout the Cape Verde Group. The Dineiitiis cereas might 
 likewise be cited as extremely abundant in its own proper localities ; 
 and, being Hydradephagous, it is worthy of especial notice in an 
 island-cluster whei"e water is so marvellously scarce. I think per- 
 haps hoAvever that the profusion in which it often exists on the sur- 
 faces of the less rapid streams and pools is in reality the result of the 
 latter being so reduced in number during the dry season that such 
 Avater-beetles as ever inhabit this barren archipelago are compelled, 
 by the force of cii'cumstances, to become concentrated unnaturally in 
 
 from the two countries (remote as they are hiter se) was afterwards mixed up in- 
 discriminately. Thus not only were a number of Cape Verde insects recorded 
 by Erichson as "' Angolan," but absurd deductions were drawn with respect to 
 their geographical ranges which it will be next to impossible ever to obliterate. 
 Anybody who is at all conversant with Natural History literature must be well 
 aware of the value which is usually attached to any " habitat" which has once 
 been published ; for, however inaccurate it may be, and however thoroughly con- 
 tradicted by a subsequent writer, it will always be liable, nevertheless, to be ap- 
 pealed to, and even trusted in, by future authors who may not have seen the refu- 
 tation. Nay, more, the very^refiitation itself will often be called into question ; 
 for it can of course be rightly contended that to prove the existence of a species 
 in any given region does not c?wprove its occurrence in a previously-a.sserted one 
 likewise. And so, in this instance, Coleoptei-a which are unmistakeably endemic 
 in the Cape Verde archipelago have been published (and are cited still) as "An- 
 golan," and will perhaps alwai/s be subject to suspicion by inquirers into geogra- 
 phical entomology, — and this, be it observed, from no other cause than the mere 
 want of anviracy in an indohnf collector, tcho would not take the trouble to 
 label his material ((right, or to keep the ■•<pecimens from two remote and dissimilar 
 countries properly separated. 
 
XXU INTKODUCroKY KEMARKS. 
 
 the few spots to which they are then obliged to retire. Nevertheless 
 I should add that we did not find the other members of the Hydrade- 
 jjhaga which have been observed within the Group in anything like 
 the miiltitudes which make the Dlneutus cereus a really conspicuous 
 feature in almost every pool which presents itself. 
 
 Deficiency of certain Types. — Although the species which I have 
 regarded as^>f^r excellence " dominant " are not numerous, and con- 
 fined for the most part to the Hcteromera, the total absence (appa- 
 rently) of many well-known Atlantic types is, on the other hand, a 
 salient feature in this barren archipelago ; for whilst but few genera 
 arc indicated which do not obtain likewise in the more northern clus- 
 ters, the disappearance nevertheless of several which may be looked 
 upon as the very key-notes of the Madeiran and Canarian Coleoptera 
 implies an undoubted change in the jjy</»rt/acie aspect of the beetle- 
 population. Yet, when we consider how large the number of the 
 types is wliich permeate the ivhole of this broken-up Atlantic province 
 and the fewness of those which meet us peculiarly in the Cape Verde 
 portion of it, I am inclined to siispect that the " absence " of the 
 others, just referred to (from the latter), is more the result of mere 
 distance (such as would have been equally the case had there remained 
 an unbroken land of passage) than of any radical alteration in the 
 character of the fauna. And, moreover, the marvellously depaupe- 
 rated state of the islands, brought about by the destruction of the 
 timber and the consequent drying-up of the streams, may perhaps 
 have necessitated the annihilation of certain aboriginal species, and 
 in itself therefore explain their non-existence at the present period. 
 
 Apart from the considerations to which I have above alluded, it is 
 of course possible that some few of the supposed missing types may 
 really occur in the Cape Yerdes, and have only escaped our notice. 
 But, still, if they exist at all, there can be little doubt that they must 
 at least be very feebly represented — or we could hardly have failed 
 to meet with some traces of them ; while the fact that they are most 
 profusely developed in the more northern archipelagos would make 
 even their scarcity in an island-Group which has so much in common 
 with the latter a curious circumstance. My own belief, however, is 
 that most of them are decidedly absent from the fauna — though cer- 
 tain of them may perhaps have had a place in it when the external 
 conditions of the region were different, and itself consequently less 
 depauperated. I refer particularly to such extensive genera as Tar- 
 fihius, Laparoccrus, and Atlantis — all so truly characteristic of the 
 
IXTKODLCTOUY KE5IARK.S. XXlll 
 
 Canaries and Madeira, but of which no exponent has yet been detected 
 in the Cape Verde cluster ; and, if we except the widely diffused U. 
 tristis (which m.aj possibly have become naturalized within a com- 
 paratively recent period), the same might be said for Hegeter — which 
 is so monstrously expressed throughout the Canariau archipelago*. 
 
 Although they are not so strictly characteristic as Tarphius, Lapa- 
 roeerus, Atlantis, and Hegeter of the Canaries and Madeira, yet the 
 extraordinary development which is there traceable of the European 
 genera Calathus, Treclms, Acalles, and Helops makes them a salient 
 feature in the combined fauna of those two Gi'oups ; and it is there- 
 fore curious to remark that they likewise seem to have no place in the 
 Cape Verdes. Neither did we meet with any representative of Sca- 
 rites, Olisthopus, Meligethes, Atomaria, Ceuthorhynchus, Sitona, C'hry- 
 somela, and Meloe — which, though somewhat less so, are also conspi- 
 cuous in both of the more northern archipelagos. I have already 
 called attention, under the General Statistics, to the apparent absence 
 (or, if not entirely so, nearly) of the great department of the Lougi- 
 corns — a fact which is in complete accordance with what we observe 
 throughout the whole of these various and widely scattered oceanic 
 islands. It is far from unlikely that a few species may be found 
 (particularly in the dead Exphorhi a -stems) at the proper season of the 
 year ; for our cruise having been undertaken during the dry winter 
 months we could scarcely expect perhaps to fall-in with them ; but, 
 if they do indeed exist, Ave may be quite sure, from the non-detection 
 of their remains, that they are at any rate very scarce. 
 
 As in the Madeiran and Canarian archipelagos, the vast family 
 Elatericlce is wellnigh wanting ; but the single representative of it 
 which has occurred does not belong to the little Coptosteflius-tjipe 
 (which is the only one there indicated), but to the comparatively 
 gigantic Heterocleres, — the H. grisescens, a species possessing a wide 
 African range, being the one I allude to. The rarity of the Cetoniads 
 is another point in which the fauna agrees with that of the more 
 northern Groups ; but, at the same time, their solitary witness 
 (namely the large Diplognatha gagates) which has hitherto been 
 brought to Hght in the Cape Yerdes is, like the single Elaterid just 
 mentioned, an essentially African one ; whereas the few which in- 
 habit the Canaries are either endemic or else foimd in Mediterranean 
 latitudes. It would be hartlly prudent perhaps to say much about 
 the flower-infesting Malacoderms, for the dryness and lateness of the 
 
 * I may add, howevei", tliat the Cape Verde representative of this great Canarian 
 genus a[)pears to be Odijcaru. 
 
XXIV INTKODUCTORY RK MARKS. 
 
 season during Avhich we \T>sited the islands will more than suffice to 
 explain why we did not fall in with them ; but it is at least worthy 
 of notice that, although so marvellously expressed in the'Canarian 
 cluster (and tolerably so at Madeira), the entire Section, at the Cape 
 Yerdes, is vouched-for as yet by only a single form (and even that 
 one of excessive rarity) allied to Pecteropus. Amongst the Hetero- 
 mera, there seem to be no Erodiadce or Pimelias — both of which 
 (while absent from Madeira) are greatly pronounced in the Canarian 
 Group ; but Scaurus, which does not properly occur in the more 
 northern archipelagos (though it has occasionally been imported into 
 Teneriffe fx'om the opposite coast of Morocco), makes its appearance 
 • — at any rate in Fogo. 
 
 Anomalous Forms. — I have already offered some remarks on the 
 comparative uniformity of the Coleopterous population throughout the 
 various islands of this scattered archipelago ; and I may also add that 
 there is another fact which is perhaps equally apparent — namely the 
 somewhat commonjilace nature of the general fauna. Possibly it may 
 have been otherwise before the destruction of the native timber had 
 reduced the Group to the dry and depauperated state in which we 
 now find it; but certainly at the present time there seems little, 
 amongst the numerous forms which have yet been discovered, to at- 
 tract special attention. Unlike what we observe in the Madeiran 
 and Canarian lists, there is scarcely a species throughout this entire 
 catalogue which can be regarded as actually " anomalous." There 
 are many which possess a considerable geographical interest, and a 
 few in which the structure is rather peculiar ; but these latter are not 
 generally confined to the Cape Yerdes, but (like Cossypliodes and 
 Pseudanemia) extend into the more northern archipelagos. Such 
 types, too, as Xenoiliorax (of the Geodephaga), Hydroxenus (of the 
 Philhydrida), and Ammidium (of the Heteromera) are not only highly 
 interesting, but perhaps also endemic ; but, at the same time, they 
 are not sufficiently abnormal to merit any very extravagant notice. 
 But there is a minute Staph ylinid which I should be inclined to look 
 upon as perhaps the most remarkable of the types which have yet 
 been met with in the Cape Yerdes. It is allied to Oligota, in the 
 subfamily Aleocharides ; and I have adopted for it the title oi Nema- 
 toscelis filipes, in my description. It was captured by Mr. Gray in 
 the islands of S. Antonio and S. Vicente — in every instance by beat- 
 ing the foliage of a kind of bean whicli is cultivated for food*. 
 
 * Altliougli Nematoscelis is the only one of them wbicli I should regard as 
 at all " anomalous" in its structural details, the following ten are the new genera 
 
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XXV 
 
 Blind Species. — It is perhaps owing to the fact that the Group has 
 been comparatively but little investigated, that hitherto we have not 
 found insects in which the organs of sight are wanting so conspicu- 
 ous at the Cape Yerdes as is the case in Madeira and the Canaries. 
 Indeed none have yet been detected which are totally blind, and only 
 two in which the eyes are so imperfectly developed as to render it 
 probable that they must be practically almost useless. The two to 
 which I refer are Cossi/phodes and Ptntatemnus — the former of which 
 occurs equally throughout the more northern archipelagos, whilst the 
 latter is so nearly allied to the Canarian P. arenarius (of similar, 
 sand-infesting habits) that I am doubtful whether it is more in rea- 
 lity than a geographical modification of that species. I may add 
 however that even in Metophthahtius the ocular lenses are so few in 
 number that the eyes might perhaps be looked upon as somewhat 
 rudimentary ; but in that genus likewise the Cape Yerde representa- 
 tive has so much in common with one which exists further to the 
 north (namely the Madeiran M. Uf^peratus) that it is far from unhkely 
 that it may be but a more southern phasis of the latter. 
 
 Ants' -Hcst Species. — As in the case of the blind species, the Coleo- 
 ptera which we met with, at the Cape Yerdes, in the society of ants 
 are but few in number, though doubtless by a careful, and more 
 continued, research certain others would be brought to light. Per- 
 haps the most important of them, as being unmistakeably of myrme- 
 cophilous propensities, is the Cossyphodes WoUastonii (to which I 
 have just alluded in the preceding section)— which resides within the 
 nests of the same ant {(Ecoplithora pusiUa, Heer) to which it is equally 
 attached in the Madeiran and Canarian Groups. Being nearly blind, 
 and with such a peciiliar mode of life, its occurrence throughout the 
 majority of these widely scattered Atlantic islands is in itself a sig- 
 nificant fact. Other forms which may be observed occasionally in 
 
 which I have felt compelled to establish in the present volimie : Xmoihorax (of 
 the Geoclephaga), Hydroccenus (of the Philhydrida), Apferoclerv.s and M/crochrus 
 (of the Priocerata\ Dinas (of the Khynchophora), Argosnmvs (of the Phyto- 
 phaga), CcnosceUi>, Melanocovia, and Pseudoscraptia (of the Heteromera), and 
 isematoscelis (^of the Bi-achelytra). In addition to these, however, Trigcno- 
 rhinus, Trichosfcrmmi. and Xenoglaus were enunciated bv me, in tlie'Ann. of 
 Nat. Hist.,' in 1861, and ai-e assumed (like the above ten) to be peculiar to the 
 Cape Yerdes, — though I have already stated elsewhere that I consider further 
 evidence is desirable concerning the professed habitats of Trigonorhinus and 
 Xenogtoeas, which were communicated by the Rev. Hamlet Clark. And, as like- 
 wise p^t^i'^ft^/y confined to tills archipelago, 1 may here mention \}i\Ai Aiumidum 
 (recharacterized by myself, in 18(U, under tlie title of Eremovomus) was de- 
 scribed by Erichson in his Paper on supposed "Angolan" Colcoptera, but clearly 
 from OqJi' Verde s^ioecimnm, so far back as 1.S4.S. 
 
XXVI INTKODUCTOUY REMARKS. 
 
 similar situations, though at the same time by no means peculiar to 
 them, are the Iloloparamecus hipartitus, the Teretrius corticcdis, and 
 the Tomicus trypanceoides — the last two of which are found normally 
 beneath the bark of trees, 
 
 Sand-infestinrf Coleoiytera. — It is probable that when the eastern 
 division of the archipelago (Sal, Boavista, and Maio) has been ex- 
 plored the list of the sand-infesting Coleoptera which inhabit the 
 Cape Verdes will be more significant than it is at present ; for the 
 published accounts of those three islands would seem to imply that 
 they are not only lower in elevation than the central and western 
 ones, but likewise more calcareous and saline : so that, however dried 
 up and barren they may be, it is not unreasonable to suppose that 
 the majority of the additional species which they may contribute to 
 the general fauna will be found to be more or less of sand-infesting 
 propensities. But .there are a few spots even in the other parts of the 
 Group which offer the necessary requirements for creatures of a sand- 
 loving mode of life — not merely along the sea-shores, which (as at 
 Tarrafal in S. Antonio, Porto Grande in S. Vicente, Porto Praia in S. 
 lago, Porto da Luz in Togo, and Porto da Furna in Brava) are occa- 
 sionaUy sandy, but likewise in low arid districts which extend often 
 some little distance inland immediately behind them, where the loose, 
 drifted hillocks are sparingly studded with dwarfed Tamarisks and 
 such shrubby plants (composed chiefly of Zygophyllums and Fran- 
 kenias) as are able to find nourishment in regions thus miserable. 
 On the western side of S. Vicente there is a considerable tract (to the 
 south of Porto Grande) which answers to this description — as also 
 on the opposite coast of S. Antonio, to the south-west of Carvoeiros : 
 and on slopes like these, of dry accumulated sand, many Coleoptera 
 subsist which we should not find (except now and then, by mere ac- 
 cident) in salt places upon (or adjoining) the actual beach. In the 
 following short catalogue I have annexed the figure 1 to those spe- 
 cies which occu^more particularly either on the shore itself or else 
 in damp saline spots (such as the artificially scooped-out Salterns) 
 alongside it ; and a 2 to those which are par excellence " sand-in- 
 festing," being attached normally to the drifted ridges and hillocks 
 which are more or less removed from the beach itself. None of 
 them have hitherto been detected in the jMadeiran archipelago ; but 
 those which I have italicized (just half of the entire number) are found 
 also in the eastern portion of the Caiiarian Group*. 
 
 * I have written the Pentatemnus affinis, Halonomus ovafus, and Pseudostcne 
 anqusta in italics because they are so extremely near to representative Canarian 
 
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XXVU 
 
 Dyschirius auriculatus (1). Halonomus ovatiis (2). 
 
 Poc/onus Grayii (1). Amiuidium ciliatum (2). 
 
 Tachys coitromaculatus (1). Pseudancmia brevicollis (2), 
 
 Saprinus Paivae (2). Plialeria Clarkii (1). 
 
 Pentatemims affinis (2). parallela (1). 
 
 Microlarinus lypriformis (2). Pseudostene angiista (1). 
 
 Cleorms mucidus (2). Anthicus dimidiatus (1). 
 
 Scymnus uiaritinms (1). Bledius vitidus (1). 
 
 Other species there unquestionably are (and plenty of them) which 
 delight in dry and dusty localities, and which therefore are often to 
 be met with amongst the loose sand of these drifted hillocks. But 
 then they occur equally, and sometimes in great numbers, at compa- 
 ratively high elevations, far removed from all traces of calcareous and 
 sUiceous sand ; and therefore, as they cannot strictly be termed 
 " sand-infestiug," I have not thought it desirable to admit them into 
 the above list. Such, for instance, are the Opatrums, Trichosternums, 
 and Oxycaras (as well as the Hegeter tnstis, most of the Saprini, 
 Con/netes rujipes, and others) — all of which, however, are quite as 
 abuudant in regions of a totally different nature, and which fre- 
 quently ascend into the loftiest altitudes. 
 
 Eiiphorhian Fauna. — "WTien we consider how rapidlj- the Euphor- 
 bias are disappearing from these barren islands (being used by the 
 inhabitants not only for fuel, but likewise for the purposes of dyeing), 
 and also what a vast number of Coleoptera attach themselves exclu- 
 sively to that singular race of plants in the more northern archi- 
 pelagos, I feel satisfied that the Euphorbian fauna as at present indi- 
 cated at the Cape Verdes is one of great depauperation. There are 
 certain districts however, chiefly at a high altitude, which appear 
 (for I have not myself visited them) to be still densely clothed with 
 those quaint and viscous shrubs, and which when carefully examined 
 may be expected to furnish us with several imjjortant additions to 
 the catalogue of Eupliorhia-iniastmg species. Such regions are to 
 be found on the extreme summit of S. ISTicolao, wliich, in the vicinity 
 of Monte Gordo, Mr. Gray and the Eev. R. T. Lowe describe as uni- 
 formly clad with closely packed bushes of the E. Tudeijana ; and 
 the lofy uplands of Fogo seem, in a lai'go measure, to be similarly 
 cii'cumstanced. Indeed from so great a distance as even the Monte 
 
 raeuibers of their respectiTe genera that I am far from satisfied that they are more 
 in rciilitj than peniianentgeogrr.pliical modifications of the lattei'. 
 
XXVni INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 Nucho it was quite possible (in the latter island) to distinguish 
 Eiiphorbia-shruhs, of gigantic dimensions, studding the arid and al- 
 most inaccessible slopes which constitute the western buttress of the 
 great central crater; and Mr. Lowe, who reached the interior of that 
 "vast scoriaceous region (known, in situ, as the Chao da Relva), re- 
 ports it as abounding, though not exclusively, with Euphorbias. It 
 will therefore be an interesting task hereafter, for some future natu- 
 ralist, to essay the exploration of these remote and elevated tracts (a 
 work, however, of no slight difficulty) with special reference to an 
 overhauling of the dead Euphorbias. My belief is, that the higher 
 regions of the Cape Verde cluster, above the limits of such aboriginal 
 wood as may be sujjposed ever to have existed, were once extensively 
 clothed with these monstrous plants ; and, in accordance with this 
 hypothesis, the top of Monte Verde (S. Vicente's highest mountain), 
 which is now being brought into rude cultivation, presents the pheno- 
 menon of a wholesale Euphorbian onsJaught — for the benefit of mere 
 Indian corn, and the downfall of that noble beetle-population which 
 had hitherto reigned supreme. Eut the exact period of destruction 
 is often a harvest-time, however brief, for the collector ; and so the 
 masses of rooted-up shrubs which had been left upon the ground to 
 rot, during the few visits which we paid to that upland locahty, gave 
 us a faint but pleasing glimpse of what perhaps might formerly have 
 been the rule, on a larger scale, before the islands had suffered from 
 that barbaric system of so-caUed " improvement " which has had the 
 effect of reducing them practically to the merest heaps of dry basaltic 
 scoriae. 
 
 After the above remarks, it will not be surprising that the Cape 
 Verde list of J5'M2:>^or&ia-destroying Coleoptera should come short of 
 that which characterizes the more northern clusters. Yet when we 
 take into account the few plants which we were able to examine, 
 compared with those in Madeira, and that prodigious number which 
 clothe whole districts in the Canarian Group, I think that the sub- 
 joiued catalogue is hardly to be despised — particularly when we bear 
 in mind that the genus Aphanarthrum, which is so copiously repre- 
 sented in those higher archipelagos, would seem in these islands (so 
 far at least as observed hitherto) to possess but a solitary witness, 
 which is uniformly distributed throughout the whole of them. The 
 fact, moreover, that the Euphorbias themselves (of this gigantic, 
 arborescent type) pertain apparently to a single species (the E. 
 TacTceyana — which so nearly resembles the Madeiran and Canai-ian 
 E. piscatoria that it may perhaps be but a southern phasis of it) 
 
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS*. XXIX 
 
 would naturiilly betoken a less amoimt of variety in the creatm-es 
 which are dejiendent npon them for food ; and this therefore is an 
 additional reason why we should anticipate a relatively shorter cata- 
 logue for the Cape Yerdes. Nevertheless, despite this manifest re- 
 duction in the species of Aphanar thrum (for the mere individuals of 
 its one exponent often abound quite as much as those do of any of 
 the more northern forms), I fully expect that the list, when properly 
 worked out, will include genera which are scarcely less numerous, or 
 less interesting, than those which occur in the higher archipelagos. 
 Thus, even already, we have a substantial foreshadowing of accessions 
 in the appearance on the stage of three new Cleridce (one of which, 
 the Apteroclerus fusiformis is more decidedly African in its relation- 
 ship), as well as of a most peculiar, and evidently endemic, JRhi/n- 
 colus, of a beautiful Notiomimus distinct from the Canarian ones, 
 of a little Hysterid (the Paromalus digitatas) which will perhaps take 
 the place of the Madeiran and Canarian Eutriptus putricola, of a 
 Haltica which infests the foliage like the Canarian H. paivana and 
 which (although of a very ordinary, European contour) is not only 
 truly indigenous in the Cape Verdes, but wellnigh universal, and, 
 above all, (if indeed I do not err in believing it to be attached nor- 
 mally to the Euphorbias) of that significant, and manifestly abori- 
 ginal, Rhynchophorous groiip (five exponents of which have already 
 been brought to light, and there are probably many more of them) 
 which I have enunciated under the name of Dinas. As regards the 
 others, enumerated below, they are either (like the Lcemojphloeus da- 
 vicollis) identical with species from the more boreal archipelagos, or 
 else (as in the case of the Aphanartlirum, Liparihrum, Mesites, Au- 
 letes, and Ditylus) so intimately connected with them as to leave the 
 question an open one whether they should not rather be treated as 
 mere geographical modifications of the latter. . The following, then, 
 are what have been observed, up to the present date, as apparently 
 dependent upon the Euphorbias — the Ditylus, however, being ad- 
 mitted, merely, from its close relationship with the Canarian JD. con- 
 color, which in at all events its previous states seems to be of Euplior- 
 6ia-loving propensities : — 
 
 Leemophloeus clavicollis. Aplianarthruui hesperidum. 
 Paromalus digitatus ? Lipartlirum Loweanum. 
 Notiomimus lineatus. Eliyiicolus euphorbiarum. 
 Apteroclerus fusiformis. Mesites liesperus. 
 Microclerus Dohrnii. Auletes euphorbife. 
 euphorbire. Dinas rugicollis ? 
 
XXX INTHODT'CTOUV KKMAKKS. 
 
 Diuaa elliptipeuuis ? Diuas siton.neforniis ? 
 
 angustula ? Haltica Isevissima. 
 
 obsita. Ditylus pallidus ? 
 
 It is much to be regretted however that we had so few oppor- 
 tunities of examining a tribe of i)lants which doubtless, at one 
 time, must have clothed a large portion of the area presented by 
 these islands, and the significance of which, therefore, in a geo- 
 graphical point of view, it is impossible to overate. In S. Antonio 
 indeed it was with the greatest difficulty that we could meet with 
 any shrubs of them at all, and that too in spite of long and weari- 
 some rides over the mountains, in various parts of the southern 
 division of the island ; for it was only here and there, as at Ta- 
 bouga and in the Ribeira da Babosa, that we could find any of 
 them remaining. And in S. lago, likewise, the scarcity was quite 
 as great ; for, except on the hills of the interior above S** Catha- 
 rina, there were almost none to be obtained. On the other hand, 
 in the higher regions of S. Vicente, though they are fast disappear- 
 ing, they were more abundant (particularly, as just stated, on Monte 
 Verde) ; and in Fogo, apart from the quantity (to which I have 
 lately called attention) which clothe, as in S. Nicolao, the lofty up- 
 lands, there is a small ravine, at the Fonte of the Monte Nucho, 
 which (although it likewise shelters some equally gigantic Echia) 
 stiU contains some monstrous bushes of them. In Brava there Vv-ere 
 a certain number of plants scattered about the mountains, in differ- 
 ent directions around the Povoacao ; but everything was so marvel- 
 lously dried up when we were there that it was next to impossible 
 to find a single dead one which was not as hard, and free from mois- 
 ture, as if it had been baking for ten years beneath a tropical sun ; 
 so that we secured nothing except the Aphanarthrum he^peridum 
 (for the Auletes and tjie Haltica Icevissima occur on the blossoms and 
 foliage) from the rotten EiipJiorhia-stems of that island. 
 
 Species of the Ficus and of the Jatropha. — My observations on the 
 Coleoptera of the Cape Verdes would hardly be complete unless I 
 took some notice of the stray species which appear to be more or less 
 attached to a gigantic Ficus (allied to, if not identical with, the 
 F. sycamorus) which, although now scarce, may perhaps formerly 
 have been one of the most characteristic trees amongst the abo- 
 riginal timber with which we can imagine the islands to have 
 been partially and sparingly clothed. In the southern division of 
 the Group there are a few magnificent specimens of it still left. 
 
1XTK()DI( TOKV RF.MAIIKS. XXXI 
 
 but eveu these are fast succiinibiiig to that innate love for de- 
 struction which seems to be implanted in the very constitutions 
 of the short-sighted inhabitants, and which has resulted in the de- 
 pauperation of an archipelago which bears all the marks of having 
 once been well suppUed with vegetation and streams. Although 
 small examples of it are to be met with in semicultivated grounds 
 throughout most of the islands, it was chiefly in S. lago and Fogo 
 that we observed, here and there, large detached trees which were 
 manifestly of native growth ; and in the interior of the former we 
 had the good luck to faU in with one of them (perfectly prodigious 
 in size) which had been felled, and beneath the dead loosened bark 
 of which a multitude of Coleoptera seemed to have instinctively col- 
 lected together — as though driven, by pressure from without, into 
 one of the few resting-places which stiU remained for them in a 
 region which was formerly prolific. It may be true that some of 
 them would have been equally at home under the bark of any kind 
 of tree that happened to give them shelter ; but the fact that we 
 met mth certain of them elsewhere and always in connexion with 
 the same species of Fig, furnishes presumptive evidence that they 
 were even originally of i^/o ws-destroying propensities. At any rate 
 we can only take the circumstance as we find it, and point out the 
 conditions under which future naturalists may stand a chance of the 
 same amount of good fortune which happened to us in S. lago. It 
 was in the Eibeira dos Orgaos that the monstrous tree to which I 
 am now alluding happened to have been cut down ; and it afforded 
 to Mr, Gray and myself an entomological treat for which, in such a 
 barren archipelago, we were totally unprepared. 
 
 I may mention that it was beneath the bark of this particular 
 Flcus that I noticed a Coleopterous larva which I believe to have 
 been that of some Longicorn. Of course I may have been mistaken; 
 but if not, it is a significant fact — seeing that the section Eucerata 
 is 9,ctually unrepresented in the hitherto ascertained portion of the 
 Cape Yerde fauna. With the exception of the Si/nc7i>/ta crenkollis, 
 the Paromalus dlgitatus, and the Tomicus trypanceoides (which were 
 taken from a trunk of the same kind of Fig, close to the Villa da 
 Praia, in the same island of S. lago), the whole of the species enu- 
 merated below we captured under the bark of this single tree ; and 
 some of them were in such profusion that they deserve a passing 
 comment. This was marvellously the case as regards the Lcemo- 
 pJiloeus politissimus and the Synchyta impressa, and still more so 
 the minute Arthrolips testudinalis, the Lithocrus pallidiis, and the 
 
x\xn ixTHonixTORY ri;m.viiks. 
 
 Iloiimlota siihpntreseens — which last three, nevertheless, can hardly 
 perhaps be looked upon as normally subcortical *. The Paroriialns 
 difjifafus may, or may not, be normally i^/c((s-infesting ; for as I 
 secured but two examples of it, one of which was from beneath the 
 bark of a Fig and the other (in Togo) from a Euphorhia, it has an 
 equal chance (so far as this amount of evidence goes) of pertaining 
 to either of those trees. The Tomicus trypancpoides, though clearly 
 attached to the i^«CHS-trunk (which was lying on the ground) near 
 the Villa da Praia, appears also to be cherished by Ants ; for it was 
 lihewise, unmistakeably, in the society of the latter ; and indeed Mr. 
 Gray rescued a specimen of it from the very grasp of an (EcopJithora , 
 which was carrying it carefully in its mouth. The Lcemophlceus, 
 although thus abundant under Fig-bark in S. lago, does unques- 
 tionably attack other trees likewise ; for in Brava we obtained a few 
 examples of it from a Jeitropha curcas : but 1 have never observed 
 it amongst the Euphorbias (where its congener, the L. davicoUls, 
 reigns supreme). 
 
 Arthrohps testudinalis, Paromalus digitatus (?). 
 
 Lithocrus pallidus. Bostrychus Grayanus. 
 
 SjTichyta impressa. Lyctus fequalis. 
 
 creuicollis. obsitus. 
 
 Ditoma lyctiformis. Tomicus trypaneeoides. 
 
 linearis. Hypophloeus ficicola. 
 
 Laemophlceus politissimus. longicollis. 
 
 Silvanus inarmatus. Homalota subputrescens. 
 Teretriiis corticalis. 
 
 It is worth noting that the whole of these 17 species appear (so 
 far as I am aware) to be peculiar to the Cape Verdes, — which looks 
 as if the " subcortical " fauna (judging from this indication of its 
 remains) was more decidedly endemic than even the Euphorbian 
 one, which includes within it several ty|:)es which are found equally 
 in the Madeiran and Canarian archipelagos. 
 
 And now, as regards the Jatropha curcas (or " Physic-nut "), 
 when we consider how extensively it is cultivated throughout the 
 Cape Ycrde Group (entire hillsides, particularly in S. lago, being 
 
 * I should state however that two out of these three (namely the Lithocrus. and 
 Homalafa) were captured UJider precisely similar circum>>tm}ces{a.iadi also in com- 
 pany with the Lcemophlceus politissimus and the Lyctus cpqualis) near the Villa 
 da Praia, namely beneath the loosened bark of this particular kind of Fig, — 
 which looks certainly as if they had some special connexion with it ; whilst the 
 flattened body of Arthrolips may possibly tend to imjjly that it, after, all, is 
 strictly of subcortical habits. 
 
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XXXlll 
 
 often clothed with it), we might perhaps have expected that it 
 would support a considerable fauna of its own — more especially 
 since its soft-wooded stems appear at times to be riddled through 
 and through by some special Coleopterous parasites. At any rate I 
 anticipated as much myself, and was rather disappointed therefore 
 at being seldom able (despite its promising appearance) to discover 
 anything at all which seemed to be attracted to it. And I may add 
 that this is borne out precisely by the experience of Mr. Gray. Still 
 it is clear, from the manner in which its dead branches are occa- 
 sionally perforated, that it must have at any rate a few beetle-de- 
 pendents ; and from the fact that I have in one or two instances (as 
 at Madeiral, in S. Vicente) seen it completely devoured by multi- 
 tudes of the little Cryphalus mucronifer (which, be it observed, we 
 took, passim, in most of the islands), I am inclined to suspect that 
 that is the particular creature which does the work of destruction 
 amongst these most uninteresting shrubs. Once however, in the 
 Eibeira da Babosa of S. Antonio, I met with many fragments of a 
 Lyctm which had been feeding within the decayed wood of an old 
 Jati'opha-fiiuxa^ ; and it is possible therefore that, at a different 
 season of the year, we might find that species also in connexion with 
 it *. But, up to the present date, I have no evidence of any other 
 Coleopterous forms which are attached to the shrubs of the Physic- 
 JSTut ; and perhaps indeed, after all, this is to a certain extent in ac- 
 cordance with the fact that the Jatropha, although now so common, 
 is not indigenous in these islands, but has been planted for the pur- 
 poses of commerce. 
 
 General Considerations. — Although it would perhaps be premature, 
 until the outlying portions of the Group have been examined, to 
 attempt to generalize accurately concerning the beetle-fauna of the 
 Cape Verdes, yet I think that even the data which have already 
 been accumulated are abundantly sufficient to justify a few passing 
 
 * This Li/ctus, judging from its fragmentary remains, is very closely allied to 
 the L. brunneus, Steph., — an insect which is occasionally introduced, along with 
 certain articles of commerce, into various couuti-ies, and which occurs (though 
 whetlier it be truly indigenous, or not, I can scarcely tell) in both the Madeiran 
 and Canarian Groups. I think however that sufficient differences are indicated 
 (even in these broken specimens) to render it probable that it is not actually 
 identical with that species, and I have therefore described it as distinct under 
 the n&vae oi L.jafropIuB. But at any rate its near affinity with the brunneus 
 might well suggest a doubt as to whether it m;iy not have been naturalized in 
 the Cape Verdes — if not with the Jafropha-\y\anis themselves, by at all events 
 some other (accidental) means. 
 
XXXIV INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 remarks on certain primary peculiarities abont which it seems 
 scarcely possible to be mistaken. In reviewing, then, what has 
 already been written, and taking a enrsory glance at the largo 
 amount of material from which the present Catalogue has been 
 compiled, the first fact which appears to strike us as surprising is — 
 that, in an archipelago situated thus far within the Tropics, the 
 character of the Coleoptera should, on the whole, be so much more 
 northern than we might have been prepared to anticipate. Of 
 course it cannot be asserted that this was equally the case before 
 the islands had been reduced to the dry and depauperated condition 
 in which we now find them ; but it is conspicuously true that the 
 List, as here indicated, exhibits so small an amount of " tropical " 
 types that one can scarcely persuade one's self that it does really per- 
 tain to a country the position of which is so much more southern 
 than either the Canaries or Madeira. Certain species there unques- 
 tionably are in which an essentially " African " element is more 
 traceable than is the case in those comparatively northern clusters ; 
 but, in spite of this, there are not more than about three forms (out 
 of the 278) which immediately proclaim themselves to be hond fide, 
 and without doubt, tropical. The three to which I allude are that 
 large Gyrinid (so widely spread throtighout central and subnorthern 
 Africa) the Dineutiis rereus, the Dij)lognatha gagates (a Cetoniad 
 which ranges from Senegal to the Cape of Good Hope, and which 
 may perhaps have been naturalized in the island where it occurs), 
 and that beautiful member of the Cassididce the Aspidomorpha cincta 
 — which, likewise, is common in the opposite regions of the African 
 continent. Possibly indeed I might associate with them the Hydra- 
 dephagous genus Copelatus, and the Brachelytrous ones Pinophilvs 
 and Pahnninus ; for they also are chiefly tropical in their distribu- 
 tion, and even the otJier three, although most at home within the 
 subequatorial districts, do occasionally extend (at any rate the first 
 two ofthem) into those which are somewhat more temperate. 
 
 But by far the most interesting problem (arising out of our pre- 
 sent subject) which ofi"ers itself for notice is the one which bears 
 par excellence on the physical geography of the archipelago ; and 
 here, therefore, I would tread -n ith caution, — for rash inferences 
 are apt to do permanent mischief, and it is better to leave gene- 
 ralizations alone unless we can command sufficient data to render 
 them tenable. On purely theoretical points I shall consequently 
 keep silence, and confine myself merely to a few questions which 
 
' INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XXXV 
 
 seem as it were to stand out from the rest and challenge a discus- 
 sion. Of course the great enigma which occupies the foremost 
 rank, meeting us at the very outset, and from an attempted solution 
 of which we cannot escape, has reference to how far the Cape Verde 
 Group (as indicated by its Coleopterous fauna) is bound up with 
 those (placed, as they are, so monstrously to the north of it) which 
 constitute the Canaries and Madeira ; and it is fortunate, therefore, 
 that so far as the beetle-population of at least tliose clusters are con- 
 cerned, we have a tolerably accurate knowledge, which may tend to 
 help us in the present inquiry. ^Tien examining, in my ' Coleo- 
 ptera Atlantidum,' the evidence with which the particular subject- 
 matter of that volume appeared to furnish us for the quondam union 
 of the various outlying islands of the Madeiras, Salvages, and Cana- 
 ries, I laid primary stress upon the fact that, while the most charac- 
 teristic ty2^es seem to permeate the entire archipelago, they are in 
 most instances represented on the different islands and islets by 
 what we are compelled to regard as different " species ; " and I 
 thought that this (in conjunction with many other circumstances, 
 fully entered into) had a significant bearing upon the breaking-up 
 of a once-continuous tract — because if forms which had overrun the 
 latter were, by some sudden natural catastrophe, to be cut off into 
 separate assemblages, and be compelled for ever afterwards to re- 
 main asunder, otie of the almost inevitable results would be a certain 
 amount of external modification (for the most part trifling and re- 
 strained within fixed limits) consequent upon the change, and upon 
 the formation of many distinct " habitats " (differing widely inter se, 
 and some of them greatly dej^auperated) out of the original, larger 
 one. And I supported this idea by an appeal to the statistics — 
 which showed ineontrovertibly that while the genera of the two 
 archipelagos are on the whole pretty much the same (at least as 
 regards those which are most remarkable and esoteric), the " spe- 
 cies," on the contrary, common to the Groups are so exceedingly 
 few in number that, out of 661 detected in the Madeiras, and 1007 
 in the Canaries, only about 200 (exclusive of a few which had been 
 introduced through the medium of commerce) seem to belong equally 
 to them both. So that the question appeared, to my mind, to turn 
 more upon a geological j)ossibility than on anything else ; for if 
 subsidencies sufficiently gigantic could be admitted as possible, and 
 might therefore be assumed to have taken place, I felt that it re- 
 quired no stretch uf the imagination to conclude that a very large 
 
 c2 
 
XXXVl INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 majority of such minute insular departures from a central form as 
 those which we now meet with would have resulted from them as a 
 matter of course, and would have been rapicUy matured from their 
 respective types *. 
 
 Now these observations, which I made in. 1865, concerning the 
 Madeiras and Canaries seem to me to be quite as applicable to the 
 Cape Yerdes — and, moreover, not only to the cluster in its component 
 parts, but also to it as a whole (when considered in connexion with 
 those which are placed so much further to the north). And, in 
 
 * I say " rapidly matured " because I have no reason to think that the small 
 insular modifications to which I refer are the product of that slowly accumu- 
 lating infinitesimal divergence, in a given uniform direction, which certain 
 modern theories would suppose to he unceasingly going on throughout indefinite 
 time, but which seems to me, in nine cases out of every assumed ten, to have no 
 existence in the feral world. Such a process may occasionally be kept up by the 
 persevering intervention of a true controlling cause, such as that which is 
 implied by the skill and intellect of man ; but we have no evidence that 
 " nature " (whatsoever the term may mean) is able to accomplish a task thus 
 difficult, and which requires not only sagacity and design, but, in instances 
 where to icaXoi/ is the special end to be attained, even imagination (in its 
 highest sense). I need scarcely add that a denial of this supreme power as 
 inherent in "nature" is perfectly compatible with a belief in those modifying 
 external influences which all experience assures us are ever liable to act, within, 
 reasonable limits, and to leave their impress, upon organic structures, in accord- 
 ance with the exact amount of pliability which has been allotted to each sepa- 
 rate species ; for this is totally distinct from that selective capability which we 
 are accustomed to regard as an integral part of free agency and will. Mere 
 variation we all know to be a fact ; and, even if its importance is by some exag- 
 gerated, no one has ever yet questioned its existence : but I believe it can be 
 seldom be said to " accumulate " during more than a few generations, or ever to 
 go on increasing in an undeviating course after the effect has been accom- 
 plished which is legitimately due to the combination of circumstances which 
 occasioned it. Towards the close of my introductory ob.servations in the ' Co- 
 leoptera Atlandinum' I cited the Madeiran Land-shells in support of this 
 thesis, showing that, so far at least as they are concerned, we possess ocular 
 demonstration that they have not altered during the enormous interval wliich 
 must have elapsed since the commencement of their subfossil era, except that 
 the size of a few of them appears to have been sziddenly reduced (for there are 
 no traces of the intermediate grades of stature, which must have been preserved 
 iinder any process of a gradual dwindling-down), as though consequent upon 
 some physical catastrophe, or depauperation, in the areas over which they had 
 spread ; and this, sujjported by other considerations, led me to infer that the 
 many trifling insular departures which we meet with, from a central type, were 
 not, in air probability, brought about by any slow and imperceptible method of 
 long-continued, cumulative change, but in a compai-atively short period (termi- 
 nating when the natural conditions of the newly-acquired habitats had ceased to 
 alter), and perhaps through the partial breaking-up of this vast Atlantic pro- 
 vince. At least some such inference seems borne out in many ways, and to 
 accord with the twofold fact that, while these trifling insular aberrations are 
 everywhere conspicuous, we have at the same time most unmistakeable evidence 
 of what I may almost call the tinchangcahility of a large proportion of the pre- 
 sent forms. And although it is true that my remarks arose out of Madeiran 
 data, I am satisfied that they are equally applicable to the whole of these Sub- 
 african oceanic Groups. 
 
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XXXVll 
 
 proof of this, I might again allude to the statistics ; for out of 
 169 genera which have been brought to light in the Cape Verdes, 
 no less than 123 are found in the higher archipelagos — -whereas of 
 the 278 species hitherto met with, only 107 are in that predicament. 
 Or, in other words, while the general character of the Coleopterous 
 fauna is marvellously the same as that of the Canaries and Ma- 
 deira (despite many omissions, some of which may yet be supplied, 
 and a few southern aclclitions), a comparatively small proportion of 
 the " species " are identical with the species of those Groups. I 
 say " comparatively," because the number 107 is in real truth, out 
 of 268, an exceeding large one, and implies a wonderful agreement 
 between the very species of the Cape Verdes and those of the more 
 northern archipelagos ; but, great as the coincidence is, it seems 
 absolutely insignificant when contrasted with that of the genera — 
 as many as 123, out of 169, obtaining in the Madeiran and Cana- 
 rian islands also ! Here, then, is a most remarkable fact, — namely, 
 that the amount of similaritij between the beetles of the Cape Verdes 
 and those (combined) of the Madeiras and Canaries is even greater 
 tJuin that wTiich exists hetiveen those of the tivo archipelagos last men- 
 tioned — and this, moreover, despite the comparatively monstrous 
 distance which separates the former Group from these more northern 
 ones ! Surely with such overwhelming evidence as this, which 
 mere numbers supply, I need scarcely appeal to the peculiarity of 
 a large proportion of the types ivhich permeate the three clusters, 
 in illustration of the intimate manner in which the latter appear to 
 be connected amongst themselves. Yet the significance of such 
 forms as the almost bUnd, and apterous, Ant-associating Cossyphodes 
 (which bids fair to be discovered, sooner or later, on every one of 
 these widely-scattered islands), of the sand-infesting Pentatemnus 
 (likewise wingless and with but rudimentary eyes), of Piarus and 
 Microptinus (so essentially Canarian), of Cratognathus (which, under 
 some exponent or other, is seldom absent from these various oceanic 
 Groups), of the large Ditylus paUidus (a precise counterpart of the 
 Canarian and Salvages D. concolor), and of the Euphorbia-iestToj- 
 ing Aphanarthrum, Liparthrum, Mesites, LcBmophlceus, Notiomimus, 
 and Microclerus, besides a host of others, wiU readily be appreciated 
 by every geographical entomologist who is acquainted with the afii- 
 nities and economy of their several Atlantic representatives. At 
 any rate, to my mind, the universal occurrence of such types as 
 these, in conjunction with that striking general similarity (and, to a 
 
XXXVlll INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 great extent, even specific identity) of the whole Coleopterous popu- 
 lation of the three separate archipelagos, added to the irresistible 
 impression which is left by the agreement of the latter as regards 
 most of their physical peculiarities and phenomena, down to their 
 very geological structure and their position with reference to the 
 African continent, all combine to proclaim the islands to he but 
 outposts of a single gigantic provitice which has been rent asunder 
 and is now prineijpaUy submerged. 
 
 With this broad statement of the conclusions which the beetle- 
 fauna of these three scattered archipelagos would appear to war- 
 rant, — conclusions which have been arrived at while ignoring 
 jnirposely all reference to geological difficulties (which may, or 
 may not, be insuperable), it might suffice for me to bring my 
 introductory chapter to a close, were it not desirable to add a few 
 general remarks on the amount of connexion which the Cape Yerde 
 Coleoptera seem to possess with those of other countries extraneous 
 to the Madeiran and Canarian Groups. But, considering how im- 
 perfect OTir knowledge of the African fauna is, I would scrupulously 
 avoid any rash generalizations from data which are insufficient ; and 
 when we take likewise into account the possibility that a certain 
 quota of what I have been compelled to regard as distinct species 
 may prove eventually to be but insular phases of others which are 
 elsewhere known, it becomes doubly necessary to proceed with cau- 
 tion, and to speak only approximately on points which relate to 
 numbers and statistics. After giving full weight however to these 
 two facts, and making reasonable allowances for both of them, I 
 cannot satisfy myself that more than about 130, out of the 278 species 
 which have hitherto been detected in the Cape Yerdes, are found (or 
 perhaps are likely to be found) on the African continent ; whilst 
 even of these the majority appear to occur rather in northern Africa 
 (ranging from Egypt, where there are at least 80 of them, through 
 Algeria, and down the western provinces) than, so far as I can judge, 
 south of the Sahara : and this, I believe, is pretty much in accord- 
 ance (relatively) with what obtains in the Canarian archipelago, or 
 at any rate is but slightly more African. With southern Europe I 
 do not think that the Cape Yerde list (as at present ascertained) has 
 more than about 65 species in common ; and with America distinc- 
 tively (if we except the single genus Pala minus, which possibly may 
 have been naturalized in the islands) it seems to have nothing what- 
 ever to do ; but the very slight sprinkling of " tropical " forms 
 
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. XXXIX 
 
 (already commented upon) which it includes bespeaks a certain small 
 amount of real affinity with central Africa. Hence we gather that 
 its " African " element is pnncipalhj of a subnorthern, rather than 
 a tropical, character (though certainly, on the whole, a little more 
 southern than what is indicated in that of the Madeiras and Cana- 
 ries) ; whilst, at the same time, the number of its most remark- 
 able and suggestive forms which also permeate the higher archi- 
 pelagos, and do not appear to extend beyond them, is so consider- 
 able that what I may be permitted to call the " Atlantic type " is 
 undoubtedly (when taken in connexion with Atlantic deficiencies) 
 the most striking feature which it presents. 
 
COLEOPTEEA HESPEEIDUM. 
 
 Fam. 1. CICINDELID^. 
 
 Genus 1. CICINDELA. 
 
 Liniifeus, aS^s^. Xat. ii. 657 (1767). 
 
 1. Cicindela hesperidum. 
 
 C. angustula, capite jDrothoraceque Isete virideseente, cuprescente et 
 aenescente variegatis; labro mandibularumque basi dilute testa- 
 ceis, illo brevi antice truncate et dente medio nunutissimo armato ; 
 oculis intus subaugulatim emarginatis ; elytris obscurioribus, aspe- 
 rato-punctatis, lunula bumerali apicalique necnon punctis 4(duobus 
 anterioribus confluentibus) testaeeis ornatis, ad apioem distincte 
 serratis et singulatim leviter rotundatis, sutura (atque etiam circa 
 scuteUum) subelevata. — Long. corp. lin. 4-5|. 
 
 Cicindela hesperidum, Woll, Ami. Nat. Hist. \\\. 92 (1861). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; a DD, Gray et Clark, Decembri 1856, depre- 
 hensa. 
 
 Obs. — Species C littondi aifinis ; sed minor, angustior, maculis 
 vix simiUbus pallidioribus ; elytris rugosius punctatis, ad apicem 
 magis fortiter serratis, singulatim rotundatis et spinula suturali 
 media majore terminatis, sutirra antice magis elevata (costa etiam 
 circa scuteUum continuata) ; capite, prothorace pedibusque Icetius 
 cuprescentibus ; oculis intus paulo magis angnlatim emarginatis ; 
 labro breviore, antice magis truncate, in medio hand sinuate et 
 denticulo multo minore instructo ; mandibulis vix minoribus, ad 
 basin externam brevius albidis ; antennis paulo gracilioribus, art" 
 1""° minore ; femoribus gracilioribus, corporeque subtus fere im- 
 punctato. 
 
 The two specimens which are now before me of this Cicindela were 
 captured by Mr. Gray and the Rev. Hamlet Clark, during theii' day's 
 sojourn at S. Vicente, in December 1856. They were taken in a low 
 spot, behind the sea-beach, about a mile to the south of Porto Grande 
 
A CICINDELID.E. 
 
 (where the species appears to have been rather abiindant) ; and I 
 have examined others, from the collection of Mr. A. Fry. Owing 
 however to the lateness, and unusual drj'ncss, of the season during 
 our recent expedition, we did not meet with it. It is not impos- 
 sible that it may be, in reality, but a geographical phasis of the 
 widely-spread C. littoralis — which is found in the south of Europe, 
 the Levant, in various parts of Africa, and even in Siberia ; but 
 since it possesses a number of small characters which distinguish 
 it from that insect, and I have already separated it therefrom, I 
 will not re-amalgamate the two. And in that case, perhaps, I 
 cannot do better than cite the observations which T made concerning 
 it (in the ' Ann. of Nat. Hist.') in 1861. 
 
 " A single example of this CicindeJa, which I forwarded to Ber- 
 lin three years ago, was regarded by Dr. Schaum as a variety of the 
 widely-distributed C. littoralis ; and, indeed, did its only diifcrences 
 from that insect consist in size, colour, and the slightly altered pro- 
 portions of its paler patches, I should certainly have been of the 
 same opinion myself. But the subsequent comparison of a large 
 number of examples with types of the littoralis from Northern 
 Africa has brought to light so many constant, and even structural, 
 distinctions (however small) that I cannot but receive them, in 
 conjunction with those less important ones of external contour, as 
 of specLfic signification. Thus it is not merely smaller than the 
 littoralis, more brightly metallic in parts, and with the spots paler 
 and rather differently proportioned, but its elytra are more roughly 
 punctured, much more evidently serrate at their apex, and sepa- 
 rately rounded-off, causing the spiniform termination of the suture 
 to be larger. The sutiu-e also is more raised, particularly in front, 
 where the elevation is continued round the hinder portion of the 
 scutellum ; its eyes are rather more angularly emarginate inter- 
 nally ; its antennae and femora are somewhat slenderer (the former 
 having their basal joint, especially, less robust) ; its mandibles are 
 not quite so elongate, and with the white stripe at their outer base 
 shorter ; its body beneath is almost impunctate ; and its upper Hp 
 is very differently constructed — being not only much shorter, but 
 more truncate in front, unsinuated in the middle, and with a much 
 smaller central tooth." 
 
 2. Cicindela aegsrptiaca. 
 
 C. praecedenti sensim magis ( tamcn obscure) viridis, pra^cipue vii'cs- 
 cente at cupreo irrorata — sc. elytrorum punetis (minus asperatis) 
 
CICINDELIDiE. a 
 
 virescentibus sed iutervallis la3te cupreo et obscurius subaenes- 
 cente tinctis ; elytris lunula teuui huinerali apicalique (hac in 
 supera parte ampLiato-irregulari), fascia tenui externa media 
 arcuata (in disco late interrupta), maculaque laterali postmedia, 
 omnibus per marginem lateralem fere connexis, necnon macula 
 parva diseaH rotundata ante medium (et ultra apicem lunulae 
 humeralis) sita, albido-testaceis ornatis. — Long. corp. lin. circa 5. 
 
 Ciciudela segyptiaca, (Klu(/) De/., Spec. Gen. cles Col. i. 96 (1825). 
 vicina, JVoU. [nee De/.l, Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 93 (1801). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente, et S. lago ; hinc inde in inferioribus. 
 
 The remains of a Cicindela, from which I have drawn out the 
 above diagnosis, were taken by Mr. Gray in the Palm -grove adjoin- 
 ing the eastern outskirts of the Villa da Praia, in S. lago; and, 
 judging from the description of that species, as well as from an 
 Egyptian and Sicilian type, I have little doubt that it is the C. 
 cBgyptlaca — which, I may add, is recorded by Eriehson amongst his 
 supposed " Angolan " Coleoptera, many of which however were in 
 reality from these islands (and not from Angola at aU). The num- 
 ber of wing-cases which were present in that particular locality 
 would seem to imply that the insect may be common at the proper 
 time of the year ; but our cruise having been undertaken too late 
 in the season, which moreover was an unusually dry one, we did 
 not obtain it in a living state. 
 
 Unfortunately I have not now access to some examples of a Cicin- 
 dela which were captured formerly by Mr. Fry in S. Vicente, and 
 which (in 1861) I identified with the C. vicina which occurs on the 
 opposite coast of Africa ; but I feel tolerably sure that the S. Vicente 
 individuals must be conspecific with this one, from S. lago, and I am 
 now sufficiently satisfied that the latter (at aU events) is the cegyp- 
 tiaca rather than the vicina. At any rate the two species them- 
 selves are so nearly allied inter se that it is far from impossible 
 that they may be but modifications of a single tj'pe found on ojjpo- 
 site sides of the African continent ; though, on the other hand, if 
 this should be the case, it would seem more lilelt/ c\ priori that the 
 Cape Verde Cicindela would be identical with the one from Senegal, 
 than with that (to which I have referred it) from Egypt. 
 
 A\'Tiether refei-able however to the eegyptiaca or vicina (and, as 
 just stated, I feel pretty sure that it coincides with tla.e former), the 
 present Cicindela, although of a dull hue, is distinctly greener and 
 more metallic than the C. hr.<>peridmn ; and its elytra (the jmnctures 
 of which are less asperate) have their markings slenderer and differ- 
 
 b2 
 
4 CARABID/E. 
 
 ently shaped — the (very much narrower) lunate humeral one having 
 an additional rounded, detached spot (at a little distance from its 
 extremity) on the fore disk ; whilst the medial transverse band of 
 the hesperidiim (formed by the suffusion of two large patches) is 
 here replaced by a comparatively thin and backwardly-curved 
 streak, which terminates posteriorly in a detached comma-shaped 
 streak, which represents the rounded spot on the inner hinder disk 
 of the hesperidiim. 
 
 Fam. 2. CARABID^. 
 
 (Subfam. I. CARABIDES.) 
 
 Genus 2. CALOSOMA. 
 Weber, Observat. Entom. 20 (1801). 
 
 3. Calosoma senegalense. 
 
 C. obscure seneum ; capite prothoraceque dense et distincte punc- 
 tulatis, necnon transversim rugulosis, hujus angulis posticis vix 
 productis sed argute determinatis ; coleopteris costato-lineatis, 
 grossissime transversim imbricatis, in interstitiis grosse uniseria- 
 tim tuberculatis, punctis Inete metallicis in tripHci serie utrinque 
 ornatis ; tibiis posterioribus masculis leviter curvatis. — Long, corp, 
 lin. 11-12. 
 
 Calosoma senegalense, Dej., Spec. Gen. des Col. v. 562 (1831). 
 , WolL, Ann. Nat. Mist. vii. 95 (1861). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente, S. lago, Fogo, et Brava ; passim. 
 
 The duU brassy hue and most coarsely sculptured, longitudinaUy- 
 costate elytra of this large Ccdosoma, which has its hinder pro tho- 
 racic angles scarcely at all produced, will readily distinguish it from 
 the two following species. It appears to be widely distributed over 
 the archipelago, where indeed (as it occurs likewise on the African 
 continent) we may expect that it will be found ultimately to be 
 universal ; but as our late cruise was undertaken during one of the 
 driest seasons of the year, we did not obtain it at all in a living 
 state. I took its remains, however, in S. lago, Fogo, and Brava ; 
 and it was captured formerly in S. Vicente by Mr. Fry. 
 
 4. Calosoma tegulatum, n. sp. 
 
 C. nigrum ; capite prothoracetpie dense sed paulo levins punctulatis, 
 et saepius paulo minus rugulosis, hrijus margine antico magis 
 sinuato et angulis posticis productis sed rotundatis ; coleopteris 
 punctato-striatis et levins transversim imbricatis, interstitiis con- 
 
CARABID^E. O 
 
 vexis, punctis metallicis in triplici serie utrinque ornatis ; tibiis 
 posterioribus masculis sat distiucte curvatis. — Long, corp. lin. 
 10-11. 
 
 Calosoma Maderse, JJ'oU. [nee Fab.], Ami. Nat. Hid. vii. 95 (1861). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, et Fogo ; hinc inde. 
 
 A Calosoma which we may be pretty sure is, during the proper 
 season of the year, quite as universal as the other two. I met with 
 mutilated portions of it in S. Antao, S. Vicente, and Togo ; and 
 some fine examples have lately been communicated from S. Vicente 
 by Mr. Miller, the English consul for the Cape Verdes. Mr. Miller's 
 specimens were taken at Areia Branca, and he describes the odour 
 emitted by them (after the fashion so common amongst the Calosomas) 
 as exceedingly strong and pungent. Although a large species, it is 
 intermediate in size between the senegalense and the imbrlcatum ; 
 and it is also blacker than either of them, and less roughly sculp- 
 tured — its elytra being punetate-striate, and less coarsely imbri- 
 cated transversely ; and its prothorax has the anterior margin more 
 sinuate, with the hinder angles (although a good deal produced) more 
 rounded or obtuse. 
 
 I have not access now to Mr. Fry's tyjies, but I feel almost sure 
 either that this is the species which was taken formerly by him in 
 S. Vicente, and which I cited in the ' Annals of jSTat. Hist.' as the 
 Madene (or, which is the same thing, indagator) of Fabricius (and 
 which Dr. Schaum must have wrongly identified subsequently with 
 Heer's C. azoricmn), or else (which I am inclined to think is more 
 likely still) that Mr. Fry's examples were the veritable azoricum, but 
 luere not captured in the Cape Ferdes at all. And this latter supposi- 
 tion is the more probable, since Mr. Fry did actually obtain the C. 
 azoricum in the island of Terceira, on his homeward route to Eng- 
 land, — so that there is a fair possihilitij of his having inadvertently 
 mixed up, afterwards, one or two of his Azorean specimens with those 
 from S. Vicente. At any rate, until positive evidence has been brought 
 to light, I prefer either of the above hypotheses to the risk of per- 
 petuating what may perhaps be a serious topographical blunder — for 
 the sake of augmenting the present Catalogue, by admitting into it 
 a more northern form concerning the true existence of which in these 
 islands I have, to say the least, considerable doubt*. 
 
 * From the C. indagaior, -which occurs sparingly in Mediterranean latitudes, 
 and which is common in tlie Madeiran and Canarian Groups, the C. tvgulafum 
 differs in being on the average a little smaller and less shining, and in its jjro- 
 thorax being not quite so thickly punctulated, whilst the sculpture of its elytra 
 
b CARABID.E. 
 
 5. Calosoma imbricatuin. 
 
 C. nigrum, jilus minus feneo-virescentc tinctum ; capite prothorace- 
 que dense et sat distincte punctulatis, ncenon transversim rugulosis, 
 hujus angulis posticis subacute produetis; coleoptcris (ad humcros 
 vix rectioribus) subundulate obscurius punctato-striatis et grosse 
 transversim imbricatis, interstitiis convexis, punctis metallicis in 
 triplici serie utrinque ornatis ; tibiis in utroque sexu fere rectis. — 
 Long. Corp. lin. 8-9. 
 
 Calosoma imbiicatum, Kluf/, Symb. PJn/s. iii. pi. 23. f. 11 (1830). 
 , Woll, Ann. Nat. Hist, ^■i\. 95 (1861). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente, S. lago, et Brava ; bine inde, praisertim in in- 
 ferioribus. 
 
 It is only in S. Vicente, S. lago, and Brava that this Calosoma 
 has been observed, but in all probability it "will be ascertained to be 
 general throughout the archipelago. It was found by Mr. Gray in a 
 living state, during his former cruise, near the Villa de Praia in 
 S. lago, and near the Porto da Pm-na in Brava — in both of which 
 localities we met with the remains of it during our late expedition; 
 and it was taken, several years ago, in S. Vicente by Mr. Pry. It 
 is smaller than the C. senegaleme and tegidatum ; and in colour and 
 sculpture it is somewhat intermediate between them — being black, 
 with a slight greenish-brassy tinge, whilst its elytra are much lesa 
 coarsely imbricated than those of the former, but more so than 
 those of the latter. Its striae are more undulated, and less con- 
 spicuously punctured than in the tegulatum ; the hinder angles of its 
 prothorax, although about equally produced, are more acute ; and 
 its male tibiae are appreciably less curved. 
 
 (Subfam. II. SCAEITIDES.) 
 
 Genus 3. DYSCHIRIUS. 
 
 Bonelli, Ohservat. Entom. i. (1809), 
 
 is rery much coarser — their stride being considerably deeper, the punctures con- 
 siderably larger, and the transverse imbrications (or ruga) both more conspicu- 
 ous and less undulated. From the C. a-oricum it may be known by its pro- 
 thorax (which has the front margin more sinuate, the hinder one M?;thickened, 
 and the basal angles more produced) being a little broader and less abbreviated, 
 and not quite so subangulate on either side in the middle — by its elytra being 
 much more coarsely sculptured (their stride being considerably wider, deeper, 
 and more strongly punctured, their interstices convexer and more straightly 
 aud largely imbricated, and their longitudinal impressions conspicuously more 
 developed and less metallic) — and by the four posterior tibite of its male sex 
 being, as in the C. indagator, rather powerfully curved. It is consequently more 
 allied to the indagator than to the acuricum. 
 
C.^RABID^. 7 
 
 6. Dyschirius auriculatus, n. sp. 
 
 D. elongatus, nigro-seneus ; capite prothoraceque paulo nigrescen- 
 tioribus, illius clypeo iu medio recte truncato, iitrinque in angu- 
 lum (vel lobiim) aurieixliformcm magnum porrcctum producto, 
 hoc convexo ovato ; elytris cylindricis, punctato-striatis, striis ad 
 basin ipsam evanescentibus, primte puncto basali (sc. juxta scutel- 
 lum) obsoleto, interstitio tertio punctis Slongitiidinaliter notato; 
 antennis brcvibus, ferrugineis ; pedibus piceis, tibiis anticis extus 
 minute bidenticulatis. — Long. corp. lin. 2^. 
 
 Habitat S. Yicente ; in Into Salini cujusdam parvi juxta mare siti, 
 Februario exeunte, bis depreliensus. 
 
 Ohs. — Species D. extenso, Putz., europseo, prima facie valde 
 affinis, sed antennis seusim brevioribus, tibiis anticis extus 
 bispinulosis (nee integris), elytrisque minus profunde punctato- 
 striatis, striis ad basin ipsam evanescentibus necnon puncto basali 
 (juxta scutellum) obsoleto difFerre videtur. 
 
 Two examples of this large and cylindrical Dyscliirius were taken 
 by myself, at the end of February 1866, in S. Vicente — on the slimy 
 mud of an old Saltern, in a flat and sandy spot immediately behind 
 the sea-beach, about a mile to the south of Porto Grande. It bears 
 so close a resemblance, at first sight, to the D. extensus of more 
 northern latitudes that it might well nigh be regarded as a perma- 
 nent geographical state of that species ; nevertheless its distinctive 
 characters, although small, are so decided that I feel sure it would 
 be most unsafe to treat it practically as such. Thus its anterior 
 tibiae (instead of being simple) are armed with two minute spinules 
 on their outer edge, its antennae are appreciably shorter, and its 
 elytra, which are less deeply sculptured, have their striae evanescent 
 at the extreme base, as well as the punctiform impression from 
 which the fii'st and second strios usually arise obsolete. 
 
 (Subfam. III. LEBIADES.) 
 
 Genus 4. PLATYTARUS. 
 
 L. Fairmaire, Ann. de la Sac. Ent. de France, Bull. xvii. (1850). 
 
 7. Platytarns Faminii. 
 
 Cymindis Faminii, DeJ., Spec. Gen. des Col. ii. 447 (1826). 
 
 — , L. Fai'nn.', Fann. Ent. Fram;. 33 (18o4). 
 
 Platytarus Faminii, Woll., in Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 95 (1801). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente, mihi non obvius ; a Dom. Fry mense Octobri 
 captus. 
 
8 CARARIDiE. 
 
 Five examples of this Mediterranean insect have been communi- 
 cated by Mr. A, Fry, by whom they were taken " under grass " at 
 S. Yicente during the month of October. They seem to be truly 
 referable to the P. Faminu, and not to the mauritanicus (as I 
 should rather have anticipated) from northern Africa. 
 
 Genus 5. TARUS. 
 Clairville, Ent. Helv. ii. 94 (1806). 
 
 8. Tarus alutaceus, n. sp. 
 
 T. rufo- (rarius nigro-) brunneus, in limbo dilutior, depressus, alu- 
 taceus, subopacus ; prothorace subquadrato-cordato, ad latera late 
 explanato, angulis ipsissimis posticis angulatim exstantibus, versus 
 basin et latera punctis levibus parce irrorato ; elytris striatis, ad 
 humeros obtuse rotundatis ; antennis, palpis pedibusque brunneo- 
 testaceis. — Long. corp. lin. 3|^-vix 4. 
 
 Habitat S. Nicolao ; sub lapidibus in summo monte " Gordo " ele- 
 vato, mense Februario a.d. 1864 ceperunt DD. Gray et Lowe. 
 
 Several examples of this fine Tarus were taken by Mr. Gray and 
 the Rev. R. T. Lowe, from beneath stones, on Monte Gordo, the 
 highest peak in S. Nicolao, during February 1864. Its large size, 
 reddish-brown hue, and alutaceous (but almost unpunctulated) sur- 
 face, combined with its rather wider and more margined prothorax, 
 and the somewhat more obtusely rounded humeral angles of its 
 slightly wider elytra, will readily separate it from the following two 
 species. 
 
 9. Tarus Dohmii, n. sp. 
 
 T. prsecedenti affinis, sed omnino subangustior, paulo obscurius 
 coloratus, ac sensim nitidior (aut minus alutaceus) ; prothorace 
 ad latera minus explanato-recurvo, necnon versus basin et latera 
 rugosius parce punctate; elytris subcrenulato-striatis, in interstitiis 
 punctulis minutissimis levissiniis parcissime irroratis. — Long. corp. 
 Un. 3i. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao ; in montibus septentrionalibus exemplar unicum 
 cepit cl. H. Dohrn, M.D., cujus in honorem nomen triviale pro- 
 posui. 
 
 It is possible that this may represent but a permanent insular 
 state of the preceding species, peculiar to S. Antao ; but as the only 
 example from which I have to judge, and which was taken by Dr. 
 H. Dohrn on the mountains towards the north of that island, pos- 
 sesses undoubted characters of its own, I do not think it would be 
 
CARABIDiE. 9 
 
 safe to treat it practicallj- as such. I have therefore retained it as 
 distinct, dedicating it to its captor. It appears to be a trifle nar- 
 rower and more shining than the alutaceus, and altogether a little 
 darker in hue ; its prothorax is less broadly margined at the sides, 
 and with the punctures coarser and deeper ; and its elytra have their 
 striae perceptibly (though finely) crenulated, their interstices spa- 
 ringly sprinkled with very minute, shallow punctules, and their basal 
 rim slightly less ciu'ved, and less elevated, towards the scutellum. 
 
 10. Tarus anchomenoides, n. sp. 
 
 T. pallide rufo-ferrugineus, vol brunneo-testaceus, subconvexus, 
 nitidus, minutissime sed parce punctulatus ; prothorace angusto, 
 subcordato, ad latera anguste marginato, angulis posticis obtusis 
 (hand prominentibus) ; elytris abbreviatis (apice late truncatis), 
 subventricosis, leviter striatis, margine basali mox intra humeros 
 (quare longe ante scutellum) evanescente ; antennis, palpis et 
 prsesertim pedibus paUidioribus, — Long. corp. Kn. 2^-vix 3. 
 
 Habitat S. Yicente ; sub lapidibus quisquiliisque in montibus occur- 
 rens. 
 
 Eeadily known from the two preceding species by its smaller size, 
 pale rufo-ferruginous hue (particularly of the elytra), and its con- 
 vexer, rather more shining surface — which is very sparingly be- 
 sprinkled with exceedingly minute and shallow punctules. Its 
 prothorax is narrow and subcordate, and less recurved at the sides 
 (the lateral margin only being thickened), and with the extreme 
 hinder angles not produced into a minute denticle ; and its elytra 
 are subventricose, much shortened posteriorly, and with their basal 
 rim carried round the humeral region merely and there terminated, 
 instead of being continued so as to meet the short scutellary stria. 
 Like the other Tari, it appears to occur only in the higher eleva- 
 tions, and (so far as observed hitherto) only in S. Vicente — where it 
 was captured by Mr. Gray and myself, during January 1866, be- 
 neath stones and refuse, on the extreme summit of Monte Yerde. 
 
 Genus 6. DROMIUS. 
 Bonelli, Ohserv. Ent. ii. tab. syu. (1813). 
 
 11. Dromius attenuatus, n. sp. 
 
 D. testaceus, nitidiusculus, baud punctatus ; capite ovali ; protho- 
 race angusto, subcordato, canaliculate, angulis posticis baud pro- 
 minulis sed rotundate subrectis ; elytris ellipticis, apice truncatis, 
 
10 CARABID.T,. 
 
 antice attenuatis, fere simplicibus (rarius obsoletissime substriatis), 
 per suturam necnou in fascia postmedia, utrinque vakle abbre- 
 viata, plus minus obsoletii, obscurioribus, — Long. corp. lin. 1|. 
 
 Habitat S. Yicente ; sub quisquiliis in montibus, rarissimus. 
 
 In general affinity this pallid Dromius belongs to somewhat the 
 same type as the Canarian D. amoenus ; nevertheless it is nmcJi 
 smaller and paler than that insect, its prothorax is more sinuated in 
 front of the hinder angles, and its (elliptical) elytra are almost tin- 
 striated, more narrowed (or di'awn-in) anteriorly, but nevertheless 
 with the extreme humeral angles themselves better defined (or less 
 rounded off), and with the obscured portions (which are often barely 
 traceable) very much paler, — the postmedial fascia, moreover, being 
 so much abbreviated on either side as to assume (in combination 
 with the clouded suture) more the form of an elongated hastate 
 mark (as in the European D. longiceps and others) than of a trans- 
 verse band. Yet an accurate inspection of it, simultaneously with 
 the D. amoenus, and other species, would seem to imply that this 
 slightly darkened postmedial cloud is in reality occasioned by a 
 laterally -abbreviated fascia. 
 
 The D. attenuatus is evidently very scarce, and confined chiefly to 
 lofty altitudes, — a few specimens of it having been taken by Mr. 
 Gray and myself, during January 1866, from beneath refuse, on the 
 extreme summit of Monte Verde in S. Vicente. We likewise met 
 with it however, though sparingly, at a lower elevation, at Madei- 
 ralzinho, in the same island. 
 
 12. Dromius submaculatus. 
 
 D. niger, interdum obsoletissime (vix perspicue) subaeneo tinctus, 
 alutaceus (aut potius subtilissime transversim reticulatus) sed 
 tamen nitidiusculus ; prothorace brevi, transverso, canaliculato, 
 intra angulos posticos (subprominulos, reciu'vos) profimde im- 
 presso ; elytris convexiusculis, obsolete striatis, macula humerali 
 plus minus obscura sufFusii testaceore utrinque ornatis ; antennis, 
 palpis pedibusque breviuscuhs, gracilibus, plus minus saturate 
 testaceis. — Long. corp. lin. Ig-lg. 
 
 Dromius submaculatus, WolL, in Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 94 (1861). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, S. lago, et Fogo ; in inferioribus sed prae- 
 cipue intermediis, sub quisquiliis foliisque aridis, necnon circa 
 radices graminum, late diffusus. 
 
 The short, transverse prothorax of this Dromius, in conjunction 
 
CARABID.E. 11 
 
 with its somewhat brassy-black hue, the suffused, more or less ob- 
 scure, paler blotch at the shoulder of each elytron, and its rather 
 abbreviated, but slender, diluted-testaceous limbs, will at once 
 separate it from everything else with which we have here to do. 
 In its general contour and colouring it more resembles a Metahletus 
 of the obscurocfuttafus and patruelis type than a true Dromius; but 
 as its mentum is quite toothless in the centre, it cannot be referred 
 to the former of those groups. . 
 
 The D. submaculutus is widely spread over the archipelago, and 
 will most likely be found to be universal, — occurring beneath dead 
 leaves and refuse, and around the roots of dry grass, chiefly at low 
 and intermediate altitudes. The first examples of it which came 
 under my observation and from which the original diagnosis was 
 compiled, were taken by Mr. A. Fry, many years ago, during the 
 month of October, in S. Vicente — in which island I have myself 
 captured it (principally at Madeiralzinho), as well as in S. AntSo (at 
 Tarrafal, the Eibeira Fria, and the Ribeira das Patas), around the 
 VUla da Praia in S. lago, and at the Pico Pii-es and Monte Nucho in 
 Fogo ; in all of which, except the last, it was found likewise by Mr. 
 Gray. 
 
 Genus 7. METABLETUS. 
 Schm.-Gobel, SteU. Ent. Zeit 390 (1846). 
 
 13. Metahletus Grayii, n. sp. 
 
 M. niger, seneo tinctus, alutaceus sed tamen nitidus ; prothorace 
 quadi'ato- cordate, canaliculate, intra angulos posticos (subpro- 
 minulos, recurves, obtusos) late impresso ; elytris obsolete striatis, 
 apice trisinuatis, in plaga obliqua humerah, margine lateral! fas- 
 ciaque transversji apicali magis testaceis ; autennis, palpis pedibus- 
 que testaceo-piceis. — Long. corp. lin. 2-2|. 
 
 Habitat S. Mcolao ; in montibus excelsis a Dom. Gray lectus, cujus 
 in honorem speciem citavi. 
 
 A large and beautiful Metabletus on the patruelis and obscuro- 
 guttatus type — being more allied to the former in markings, and to 
 the latter in general contour. It is however very much larger and 
 more senescent than either of them, and its elytra have their shoul- 
 ders more obtusely rounded and their apical margin more sinuate. 
 So far as colouring is concerned, in addition to the oblique humeral 
 patch which is common both to the patruelis and obscuroguttatus, it 
 possesses the apical fascia and diluted lateral margin (but not the 
 longitudinal discal dash) of the former ; and its elytra are relatively a 
 
12 
 
 CARABID.'E. 
 
 little shorter than is the case in that species. Six examples of it were 
 taken by Mr. Gray, during February 1864, towards the summit of 
 Monte Gordo — the highest mountain in S. Nicolao ; and I have much 
 pleasure in dedicating it to its captor — whose accurate entomological 
 researches have, in conjunction with my own, supplied the greater 
 part of the material from which the present volume has been com- 
 piled. 
 
 Genus 8. BLECHRUS. 
 
 Motschulslcy, Bull, de Mo^^c. iii. 219 (1847). 
 
 14. Blechrus strigicollis, n. sp. 
 J5. niger, elytris magis testaceis ; capite prothoraceque obsolete aeneo 
 tinctis, subnitidis, subdepressis, illo substriguloso-granulato, hoc 
 subcordato, angulis ipsissimis posticis prominulis, per discum 
 grosse longitudinalitcr strigoso ; elytris paraUeHs, abbreviatis 
 (postice valde truncatis), subopacis, alutaceis, leviter striatis, 
 saturate testaceis sed in limbo (jjriesertim circa scutellum) plus 
 minus nigrescentibus ; pygidio nitidissimo, nigro-aeneo ; antennis, 
 palpis femoribusque piceis, tibiis tarsisque saturate testaceis ; ahs 
 minutis, obsoletis. — Long. corp. lin. 1^. 
 
 Hahitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, et Fogo ; sub lapidibus necnon circa 
 radices graminum in locis paululimi elevatis (rarius in oranino 
 inferioribus) degcns. 
 
 In size and general aspect the present Blethrus has perhaps more 
 in common with the European B. jjlagiatus than with any other 
 species : indeed a believer in the full doctrine of development might 
 recognize in the pale elytra of the strigicollis a mere enlargement of 
 the testaceous blotch which usually adorns the two elytral disks of 
 that insect. Yet in reality this is but a superficial view to take ; for 
 there are additional characters in abundance to distinguish it, one or 
 two of which are almost anomalous. I allude especially to the 
 peculiarity of scidpture, which is quite unprecedented in any of the 
 Dromii (and allied forms) with which I am acquainted ; for the con- 
 spicuous (but sometimes broken) longitudinal strigae which occupy 
 the entire space down the middle of its pro thorax, in conjunction 
 with its coarsely granulated head (on the forehead of which smaller 
 and fainter strigae are likewise traceable), are exceedingly curious. 
 Its elytra are alutaceous and very short (being much truncated 
 behind) ; but its pygidium (as in the Blechri generally) is remark- 
 ably brilliant, and with a strong senescent lustre. 
 
 The B. stngicoUis seems to reside j^rincipall}' at the roots of grass 
 
CARABID^. 13 
 
 and under stones, in arid spots at a few hundred feet above the sea 
 — apparently not ascending into the highest districts, and but seldom 
 • occurring in the very lowest. It was taken by myself in S. Antao 
 and S. Vicente, and by Mr, Gray in the latter island and Togo. My 
 S. Antao specimens are from Tarrafal and the mountains above the 
 Ribeira Fria and the Eibeira da Babosa ; wliilst the S. Vicente ones 
 were taken princij^ally on the summit of a rounded hill about two 
 miles from Porto Grande, and below the house of the English consul 
 (Mr. MiUer). 
 
 Genus 9. AMBLYSTOMUS*. 
 
 Erichson, Klif. der Mark Brand, i. 59 (1837). 
 
 15. Amblystomus viridulus. 
 
 A. viridulo-piceus, nitidtis, fere impunctatus ; capite magno ; pro- 
 thorace brevi, transverso, lunulato-subcordato, anguhs posticis 
 rotundate obtusis, basi valde profunde transversim impresso ; 
 elytris levissime striatis, saepius obsoletissime subtestaceo-dilutio- 
 ribus ; anteuuis gracilibus, fuscis, ad basin (in articulis circa 4) 
 palpisque rufo-testaceis ; pcdibus gracilibus, fusco-piceis, tibiis 
 tarsisque testaceis.- — Long. corp. Hn. l|-2. 
 
 Hispalis viridulus, Erich., in Wiegm. Arch. ix. 217 (1843). 
 Amblystomus vii-idulus, Woll., in Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 97 (1861). 
 
 Hahitat S. Antao, et S. Vicente ; sub lapidibus, necnon circa radices 
 graminum, in inferioribus intermediisque occurrens. 
 
 The slightly metallic-green tinge of this Amhhjstomus (the elytra 
 of which are for the most part very obsoletely diluted in hue, or as 
 it were faintly testaceous or subpeUucid — when viewed obliquely), 
 combined with its short, sublunulate-cordate prothorax, will suffi- 
 ciently distinguish it. It is rather a common insect, at low and in- 
 termediate altitudes, in S. Vicente — where it occurs beneath stones, 
 
 * Although placed by Dejean amongst bis Acwpalpi, of the Harpalides — a 
 position which has approximately been conceded to it by Erichson, Lacordaire, 
 Duval, and others — I nevertheless believe that Amhlystomus is strictly a " Tron- 
 catipenn," and a member of the Lchiadcs ; and I am glad to observe that 
 Schaum took the same view. Apart from the reasons adduced by him, its 
 general affinities (no less than its habits) seem to me to be with Dromms, Mcta- 
 bletus, and the allied forms ; for not only is the shajJe of the prothorax (a most 
 significant item) on the same type as in those groups, but its short and slender 
 limbs, as well as its sculpture and very colour, are far more suggestive of (lie 
 insects wliich compose them than of those which are akin to BradyceUus and 
 Stenolophus. Indeed the almost unpunctured, submetallic surfaces of the two 
 Amblystomi described above are completely after the fashion which obtains in 
 Metccbletus ; whilst the actual markings of the A. lineatus are so absurdly the 
 counterpart of what is the case in the M. patruelis as to supply still further 
 presumptive evidence of its relationship (so to speak) with the latter. 
 
14 carabid.t;. 
 
 and around the roots of grass ; and I took a single example of it at e 
 low altitude in S. Antao, namely at Carvoeiros (the point of the coast 
 exactly opposite to Porto Grande, the harbour of S. Vicente). In S. 
 Vicente it was captured by Messrs, Gray and Clark, as well as by Mr. 
 A. Fry, several years ago ; and, during our late visit, it was met with 
 abundantly by Mr. Gray and myself in the vicinity of Porto Grande — 
 more particularly on the summit of a rounded hill about a mile below 
 the residence of the English Consul, Mr. MiUer. 
 
 16. Amblystomus lineatus, n. sp. 
 
 A. viridulo-niger, subnitidus, fere impunctatus ; capite magno ; pro- 
 thorace subcordato, anguHs posticis rotundatis, basi profundc 
 transversim impresso ; elytris levissime striatis (striis versus latera 
 obsolctis), singulis linea testacea ab humeris (et ibidem obliqua), 
 per discum (ibidem recta) usque ultra medium ducta et ibidem ad 
 sutitram incurva, ornatis ; antennis gracilibus, nigro-fuscis, ad 
 basin (in articulis circa 3) palpisquc rufo-testaceis ; pedibus gra- 
 cilibus, nigro-piceis, tibiis tarsisque (breviusculis) testaceis. 
 
 Variat linea elytrorum testacea in medio obsoleta, fracta, disjuncta. 
 — Long. Corp. lin. Ig-lf. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et S. lago ; rcgionibus editioribus, nisi fallor, 
 proprius, necnon ibidem rarissimus. 
 
 A most distinct and interesting Amblystomus, apparently of the 
 greatest rarity — having been captured, very sparingly, by Mr. Gray 
 and myself, at a lofty altitude, on the mountains in the central 
 region of S. Antao. "We first found it on the upland slopes above 
 the Ribeira da Eabosa, and siibsequently on the Campo Radondo 
 (which is considerably higher still). Hence I cannot but regard it 
 as a strictly alpine species ; and it was therefore with some surprise 
 and perplexity that I afterwards met with its mutilated remains 
 on the sea-level in S. lago — namely, in the Palm-grove adjoining 
 the eastern outskirts of the Villa da Praia. It was merely the ely- 
 tra that occurred ; nevertheless the colour, sculpture, and markings 
 are (in this case) all so unmistakeable that I have no hesitation 
 about identifying them ; and it has since struck me that, as the flat 
 piece of ground on which they were picked up is alongside a water- 
 course which must occasionally (even in that arid district) be filled 
 by the rapid autumnal floods, the fragments in question (along with 
 those perhaps of other insects also) may have been accidentally 
 brought down from some higher tract — a contingency to which I 
 may possibly have again to advert in my observations on the Ptero- 
 
CARABIDiE. 15 
 
 stichus profunde-crenatus, which would seem to be in much the same 
 predicament. 
 
 Although likewise with a very faint metallic-green tinge, the A. 
 lineatus is on the average a trifle smaller and blacker than the viri- 
 fZwZtts, and each of its elytra is ornamented with a testaceous line (which 
 however is sometimes partly obsolete) extending from the shoulder 
 (where it is oblique) down the inner disk (where it is straight, and 
 parallel to the suture) to about the midway point between the centre 
 and apex — where it is suddenly curved inwards, so as to join the cor- 
 responding line (of the other elytron) at the suture. In minor par- 
 ticulars, the A. lineatus is just perceptibly less shining (or more alu- 
 taceous) than its ally; its prothorax is a little longer and more cordate, 
 somewhat less deeply impressed along the base, and with the hinder 
 angles rather more rounded-off; its outer elytra! striae are perhaps still 
 more obsolete; its antennae and femora are a shade darker; and its 
 feet are, if anything, more abbreviated. 
 
 Genus 10. XENOTHORAX (nov. gen.). 
 
 Listrumenta ciharia et corpus fereut in Lehia, sed tarsis gracilioribus 
 filiformibus (art° 4'° simpUci) unguiculis(\\xe parvis, iutus omnino 
 inermibus; antennarimi art° 3*'° sequentibus vix longiore ; pal^tis 
 longioribus ac multo gracilioribus, art° ult™° acute fusiformi, neenon 
 art" 3"° in t-iuLvillaribus ultimo multo breviore ; oculis majoribus 
 (maximis); ca2nteprothomceqvLe brevioribus (magistransversis),/;o(; 
 parvo, hexagono, i.e. postice utrinque ab angulo postico (fere in 
 medio sito) usque ad basin recte oblique truncate. Coipus alu- 
 taceum sed baud punctatum, alis magnis. 
 A ^ei'os, mirabilis, et dwpa^, thorax. 
 
 The singular shape of its short, hexagonal prothorax, combined with 
 its slender limbs and palpi, its narrow, filiform feet (the fourth joint 
 being small and entire), its minute, unarmed claws, and its enor- 
 mously developed eyes, will at once separate the present genus from 
 Lehia — to which, in general aspect, it is related. Indeed the combi- 
 nation of its simple feet and claws will, of itself, distinguish it from 
 the various other groups of this department of the Lehiades ; whilst in 
 its more or less reddish-brown hue and unpuncturcd (though aluta- 
 ceous) surface it is, at first sight, somewhat suggestive of the common 
 European Bembidixim rufescens. In many of its characters it would 
 appear to agree with the diagnosis of the Indian genus Pentagonica, 
 of Schmidt-Gobel ; but the prothorax of that insect is described as 
 pentagonal and not produced in the centre behind — which latter fact 
 alone removes it into a different Section, in the vicinity of Masorens. 
 
16 CARABID.i;. 
 
 17. Xenothorax hexagonus, n. sp. 
 
 X. nifofusco-testaceus, alutaceus, subopacus ; capite prothoraceque 
 brcvibus transversis impunctatis, oculis maximis prominentibus, 
 hoc parvo hexagono, late marginato, argute canaliculato ; elytris 
 (sed vix in limbo) obscurioribus (i. e. fuscis vel rufo-fuscis) sed 
 panlo nitidioribus, sat profuude punctulato-striatis, interstitiis 
 subconvexis ; antennis (fuscis vel nigro -fuscis), palpis (iufuscate 
 testaceis, basi obscurioribus) pedibusque (testaceis) gracilibus. — 
 Long. Corp. lin. vix 2. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao et Brava ; sub quisquiliis foliisque in intermediis, 
 velocissime currens. 
 
 A single example of this curious insect was taken by Dr. H. 
 Dohrn in the north of S. Antao ; and I met with a second (under 
 refuse) in the Ribeira da Babosa of the same island, as well as with 
 a considerable series of it subsequently in the island of Brava. The 
 Brava specimens were all captured at the extreme base of the per- 
 pendicular mountains close to the Povoacao,— amongst the damp 
 leaves, and fine earth, which had accumulated around the roots of 
 Ferns and other plants. It runs with excessive velocity, as indeed 
 its largely developed eyes and slender limbs would seem to imply. 
 
 Genus 11. MASOREUS. 
 
 (Ziegler) Dej., Spec. Gen. de.s Col. iii. 5.38 (1828). 
 
 18. Masoreus spinipes, n. sp. 
 
 M. piceo-niger, nitidus (foemina in elytris subopaca) ; capite sim- 
 plici (vel intra oculos obsoletissime subsulcato) ; prothorace trans- 
 verso, angulis anticis acutiusculis subporrectis ; elytris parallelo- 
 ovalibus, postice valde abbreviatis, ad humeros parum obtuse 
 rotundatis, leviter striatis (striis obsoletissime et subremote puuc- 
 tulatis) ; antennis pedibusque rufo-piceis, tibiis (saltem posterio- 
 ribus, validis) sat longe et robuste setosis, tarsis longiusculis, — 
 Long. corp. lin. 2|-3|. 
 
 Habitat S. Nicolao, S. lago, et Fogo ; in aridis inferioribus prsecipue 
 occurrens. 
 
 As is the case with most of the Masorei, the present species and 
 the following one are very closely allied ; yet, after a most careful 
 inspection of a long series of both of them*, taken in two or three 
 different islands, I am satisfied that they are truly distinct — the 
 characters which separate them appearing quite constant, and with- 
 
 * My diagnoses have been compiled from 40 examples of the M. spinipes, and 
 25 of the ascendens. 
 
CARAB1D.«. 17 
 
 out any tendency to merge into each other. The M. spinipes, more- 
 over, seems to possess, on the average, a lower range than the ascen- 
 dens, — occurring generally in arid spots but slightly removed above 
 the sea-level, and sometimes near even to the shore itself ; whereas 
 iheascendensmhahitsth.e intermediate districts — preferring subsj'lvan 
 spots, at an elevation of about 2000 feet. In which respects (although 
 in few others) they might possibly be looked upon as representing the 
 M. arenicola and alticola of the Canarian Group, though, in reality, 
 I think that the M. spinipes has perhaps more in common with the 
 Puerteventuran M. nobilis. The 31. spinipes was taken by Mr. Gray 
 in S. Nicolao and Togo, and by myself in the latter island and S. lago. 
 The S. lago specimens were from the Palm-grove to the east of the 
 Villa da Praia, and the Fogo ones from the top of the basaltic cliffs 
 immediately above the Puerto da Luz. 
 
 The M. spinipes is, on the average, a little larger, and darker, than 
 its ally; and its females have their elytra more alutaceovis, or opake. 
 Its head, also, is nearly free from any tendency to be sulcated within 
 the inner margin of either eye ; its anterior prothoracic angles are 
 rather more porrected and acute ; its elytra (which are more parallel 
 at the sides, shorter behind, and somewhat less obtusely rounded at 
 the shoulders) have their striae finer, and only very obsoletely, and 
 rather remotely, punctulated (instead of being closely and finely cre- 
 nulate) ; its four posterior tibiae are perceptibly thicker, and are armed 
 with longer and stouter spines ; and its feet are, if anything, a trifle 
 more elongated. 
 
 19. Masoreus ascendens, n. sp. 
 
 M. nigro-XDiceus, nitidus ; capite intra oculos sat distincte sulcato ; 
 prothorace transverso, angulis anticis obtusiusculis ; elytris ova- 
 libus, postice leviter abbreviatis, ad humeros obtuse rotundatis, 
 argute striatis (striis minute sed regulariter et crebre crenulatis) ; 
 antennis pedibusque dare rufo-piceis vel rufo-ferrugineis, tibiis 
 breviter setosis. 
 
 Variat (immaturus) plus minus omnino rufo-fermgineus. — Long. 
 Corp. lin. 2|-3. 
 
 Habitat S. Nicolao, etPogo ; in intermediis subeditioribusque degens. 
 
 The rather smaller size (on the average), and somewhat more 
 piceous hue, of this Masoreus (the immature examples of which are 
 often entirely rufo-ferruginous), in conjunction with its more oval (or 
 less straightened) elytra, Avhich are rather less abbreviated posteriorly, 
 and have their striae regiilarly and closely (though finely) crenulate, 
 and its paler legs — the four hinder tibia^ of which are less robust, and 
 
 c 
 
18 CARABIDiE. 
 
 beset with considerably stouter, fewer, and less developed spines — 
 will readily separate it from the preceding species. In minor details, 
 it is further distinguished by the more evident sulci of its forehead 
 (immediately within cither eye), the rather blunter and less porrected 
 anterior angles of its prothorax, and by its shoulders being (if any- 
 thing) more obtusely rounded and its feet just perceptibly shorter. 
 
 In habits, moreover, the present Masoreus is not quite the same as 
 its ally ; for whilst the latter occurs either on or but slightly above 
 the sea-level, the ascendens appears (as already stated) to be found in 
 the intermediate elevations. It was taken by Mr. Gray in S. Nicolao, 
 and by myself (rather abundantly) in the small subsylvan gorge at 
 the Monte Nucho in Togo — at an altitude of, probably, between two 
 and three thousand feet. 
 
 (Subfam. IV. CHL^NIIDES.) 
 
 Genus 12. CHL^NIUS. 
 
 Bonelli, Ohserv. Ent. i. tab. syn. (1813). 
 
 20. Chlaenius uncosignatus, n. sp. 
 
 C. griseo pubescens (prsesertim in elytris) ; capite prothoraceque 
 nigro-cupreis sed aeneo viridique micantibus, nitidissimis, illo 
 minute et parce punctulato, hoc transversim subquadrato, postice 
 lato et per basin rectissime truncate, antice angustiore, ad latera 
 leviter rotundato, per marginem lateralem (saltern postice) angus- 
 tissime dilutiore, iitrinque intra angulos posticos subrectos leviter 
 necnon versus medium profunde impresso, grosse sed parce (basin 
 versus crebrius) punctato ; elytris oblongis, obscurioribus, subcre- 
 nulato-striatis, in interstitiis minute punctulatis, singulis Unea api- 
 cali angusta rufo-testacea obliqua antice subito intus curvata unci- 
 formi ornatis ; antennis breviusculis, testaceo-fuscis, articulis 3 
 basahbus rufo-testaceis ; pedibus testaceis, tarsis fuscescentioribus. 
 
 Variat in elytris linese parte anteriore (curvata, unciformi) vel a parte 
 basali disjuncta, vel omnino obsoleta. — Long. corp. lin. 5-5g, 
 
 Habitat S. lago, Fogo, et Brava ; in humidis intermediis, prsesertim 
 subsylvaticis, siepius rarissimus. 
 
 The slightly larger size (on the average) and somewhat more pa- 
 rallel outline of this fine Chlcenius, in conjunction ^dth its totally dif- 
 ferent prothorax — which is broad, and straightly truncated, poste- 
 riorly, with the hinder angles almost right angles, and with the punc- 
 tures exceedingly large, coarse, and (except at the base) few in num- 
 ber, — its rather short and pale antennae, and the curiously shaped 
 testaceous line (which is at first straight but oblique, and then sud- 
 
CARABID.f;. 19 
 
 denly incurved in the direction of the suture) at the apex of either 
 elj^tron, will at once separate it from the following two species. Its 
 head and prothorax also are more shining and coppery (though with 
 likewise a strong greenish, and sometimes senescent, lustre) ; its 
 elytral interstices are more finely puuctulated ; and its prothorax has 
 the extreme lateral edge (towards the hinder angles) narrowly diluted 
 in hue, and the large punctui'es of its fore disk with a faint tendency 
 to be arranged in longitudinal rows. 
 
 The C. uncosignatus is sparingly, but widely, distributed over the 
 southern islands of the Group, having been taken by myself in S. lago, 
 Togo, and Brava. It is found in damp spots of intermediate eleva- 
 tions — occurring beneath decaying refuse, and under wet stones at the 
 edges of watercourses and streams. My S. lago specimens are from 
 San Domingos and S"' Catharina ; the Fogo ones from the Monte 
 Nucho ; and the Brava ones from fissures of the moist clayey soil, 
 amongst some Banana-grounds, at the extreme base of the perpen- 
 dicular mountains immediately outside the Povoagao. 
 
 21. CMaenius Boisduvalii. 
 
 G. fulvo-pubescens(pr8esertim in elytris); capite prothoraceque seneo- 
 viridibus, subnitidis, illo minute ruguloso-punctulato, hoc subcor- 
 dato, per basin subrecte truncate, ad latera rotundato, angulis pos- 
 ticis obtusis sed parum argute determinatis, postice utriuque pro- 
 funde impresso, profunde et crebre punctato ; elytris subovato- 
 oblongis, vix obscuiioribus, subcrenulato-striatis, in interstitiis 
 rugose punctatis, singidis macula dentata subapicali flavo-testacea 
 ornatis ; antennis fuscis, apicem versus gradatim dilutioribus, arti- 
 culis 3 basalibus pedibusque testaceis, tarsis fuscescentioribus. — 
 Long. Corp. lin. 4g-5. 
 
 Chloenius Boisduvalii, Buquet, in litt. 
 
 , DeJ., Sijec. Gen. des Col. v. 625 (1831). 
 
 , Woll, in Ami. Nat. Hist. vii. 96 (1861). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente, S. Nicolao, S. lago, et Fogo; prsecipue in in- 
 ferioribus subinferioribusque degens. 
 
 The present Chlainius, which appears to occur also on the opposite 
 
 coast of Africa, will probably be found to be widely spread over the 
 
 archipelago and to possess (on the average) a lower range than either 
 
 the preceding or following ones. Nevertheless the. only examples of 
 
 it which I have seen hitherto were captured in S. Vicente, S. Nico- 
 
 lao*, S. lago, and Fogo, — in the first (during the month of October) by 
 
 * The example which was found by Mr. Gray in S. Nicolao (at about five or 
 six hundred feet above the sea) unfortunately became mutilated on his home- 
 ward rout« ; nevertheless I feel pretty certain, from what remains of it, that it 
 belongs to the C. Boisduvalii, rather than to the nearly-allied C. consanguineus. 
 
 c2 
 
20 CARABID.^':. 
 
 Mr. A. Fry, in the second (about the middle of February) by Mr. 
 Gray, and in the third (at the end of January) by Mr. Gray and my- 
 self, whilst from Fogo an example has lately been obtained by the 
 Barao do CasteUo de Paiva. The S. lago specimens were all taken 
 in the immediate vicinity of the Yilla da Praia ; and my own (which 
 I met with in the Palm-grove to the east of the town) were dead 
 and mutilated — thus clearly showing that we were too late in the 
 season, in at any rate that hot and low locality, for the normal 
 tabits of the species : but, on the other hand, a single one (perhaps 
 a straggler which had lingered on) was obtained by Mr. Gray, with- 
 in half a mile of the same place, in a living state. 
 
 From S. Yicente the C. BoisduvalU has also been communicated by 
 T. Miller, Esq., H.B.M. Consul for the Cape Yerdes. 
 
 22. Chlsenius consanguineus, n. sp. 
 
 C prsecedenti valde affinis, sed vix ejus varietas regiouibus editori- 
 biis propria; differt proecipue prothorace paiilo minus cordate, 
 sensim latiore (prassertim postice) ac magis transverse, ad latera 
 magis a^qualiter rotundato, angulis posticis obtusius rotundatis, 
 quare per basin minus recte truncate (vel magis sinuato), elytris 
 ad latera vix magis parallelis, ad humeros vix magis porrectis, 
 antennisque in medio subcrassioribus nigrescentioribus. — Long, 
 corp. Hn. 4-5. 
 
 Habitat S. lago, Fogo, et Btava ; humidos et aquosos in intermediis 
 colens. 
 
 Exceedingly close to the C. BoisduvalU, of which at first sight it 
 might well be regarded as a slightly altered phasis peculiar to the 
 intermediate districts. Nevertheless, since its few characters remain 
 constant in at any rate three different islands (if not indeed in more), 
 I think, when its apparently higher range is also taken into account, 
 that it would not be safe to treat it as a mere state, or variety, of 
 that insect. Almost its only diagnostic feature, of any importance, 
 consists in the shape of its prothorax — which is a little less cor- 
 date, and rather broader behind, with the sides consequently more 
 eqiudly rounded, and the posterior angles more blunt and obtuse (the 
 lateral rim being carried more completely round them, so as to cause 
 the entire basal margin to be less straightened, or more sinuate). In 
 minor particulars, its two prothoracic fovese are a little wider, and 
 more concave, than is the case in the C. BoisduvalU ; its elytra are 
 just perceptibly more straightened at the sides, and more porrected 
 at the shoulders ; and its intermediate antennal joints are, if any- 
 
CARABIDiE. 21 
 
 thing, a trifle darker and thicker. In their greenish, or brassy- 
 green hue, close and deep sculpture, and in the pale-yellow dentate 
 patch towards the apex of each elytron, the two species are nearly 
 similar. 
 
 The C. consanguineus I have taken in S. lago, Fogo, and Brava — 
 in the first of which it was found likewise by Mr. Gray. The S. lago 
 examples are from the valley of San Domingos and from the Boa 
 Entrada at S'* Catharina, the Fogo ones from the Monte Nucho, 
 and the Brava ones from the base of the perpendicular hills close to 
 the Povoagao — where I met with them in company with the 6'. un- 
 cosignatus. 
 
 (Subfam. V. PTEROSTICHIDES.) 
 
 Genus 13. POGONUS. 
 (Ziegler) Dej., Spec. Gen. des Col. iii. 6 (1828). 
 
 23. Pogonus Grayii. 
 
 Pogonus Gravii, IVull, in Ann. Nat. Hist. ix. 438 (1862). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 28 (18(34). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 2o (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; in salinis lutosis juxta mare parce deprehensus. 
 
 The only examples of this smaU, narrow, and pallid Pogonus 
 which I have yet seen from the Cape Verdes are three, which were 
 taken by myself in S. Vicente — on the wet slimy mud of an old 
 Saltern, immediately behind the sea-beach, on the sandy flat about 
 a mUe from Porto Grande. In all probability the species wUl be 
 found to be widely spread, in saline places — not merely in the 
 islands, but likewise on the opposite coast of Africa ; for it is rather 
 common in Lanzarote, of the Canarian Group, and it was captured 
 by the Messrs. Crotch at Mogadore. 
 
 Genus 14. PTEROSTICHUS, Auct. 
 (Subgenus Pcecilus, Bon.) 
 
 24. Pterostichus profundecrenatus, n. sp. 
 
 P. niger, elongate - oblongus, nitidissimus, glaber, subdepressus ; 
 capite obsolete, parce et rainutissime punctulato ; prothorace sub- 
 cordato, angulis posticis obtusis sed ipsissimis minute 2)rominulis, 
 basi pimctis grossis parce irrorato, utrinque (intra angulos basales) 
 profunde bifoveolato ; clytris profunde et grosse crenato-striatis, 
 
32 CARABIDTK. 
 
 augulis humeralibus argute determinatis, acutiusculis ; antennis 
 brevibus, versus apicem fusco-piceis ; palpis tarsisque (praoscrtim 
 anticis) piceis. — Long. corp. liu. 5. 
 
 Habitat S. Nicolao, et S. lago ? ; sub lapidibus, rarissiraus. 
 
 The black, shining surface, subcordate prothorax (which is deeply 
 impressed within cither hinder angle with two longitudinal fovese), 
 and its coarsely crenate-striated elytra, will sufficiently distinguish 
 this large Pterostichus from everything else with which we have 
 here to do. It belongs to the same type of form as the P. crenatus, 
 from south-western Eiu'ope and the Canary Islands ; but it is con- 
 siderably larger, and apparently free from the blue, or cyaneous, 
 tinge which characterizes that species ; its hinder prothoracic angles 
 (instead of being nearly right angles) are more obtuse ; its elytra 
 are a trifle less depressed ; and its antennae are relatively a little 
 shorter. A single example of it was taken by Mr. Gray in S. Nico- 
 lao (I believe at a high altitude on Monte Gordo) ; and I met with 
 the remains of what I cannot but think was the same species at a 
 low elevation (indeed on the sea-level) in S. lago — namely, in the 
 Palm-grove adjoining the eastern outskirts of the Yilla da Praia. 
 Nevertheless, since the fragments which I procured were scarcely 
 sufficient to enable me to identify them positively, I have considered 
 it safer to query S. lago in the habitat of the species *. 
 
 (Subfam. VI. HARPALIDES.) 
 
 Genus 15. CRATOGNATHUS. 
 
 Dejean, <S)jec. Gen. ties Col. iv. 46 (1829). 
 
 25. Cratognathus lahiatus. 
 
 C. nigro-piceus, labro ssepius paulo dilutiore, mas nitidus, foemina 
 subopaca ; capite prothoraceque impunctatis, illo magno, hoc trans- 
 versim subcordato, antice lato, ad latera leviter rotundato, angulis 
 posticis rotundate obtusis, per marginem basalem subsinuato, basi 
 
 * If it be true that Mr. Gray's example from S. Nicolao was taken at a loff?/ 
 altitude (and I cannot but suspect that tlie species is truly a " mountain " one), 
 and if it be equally true that the remains which I found at the sea-level in S. lago 
 were strictly referable to the same Picrost /chits, it would look as if some cxpla- 
 t/afion was wanted in order to account for the existence of the latter in two such 
 totally opposite localities. A precisely analogous case presents itself in the Am- 
 bl>/stonuifi lincatus — a strictly alpine insect, which we took at a high elevation in 
 S. Antao, and of which I likewise met with the elytra (which were quite unmis- 
 takeable) in this same Palm-grove, on the sea-level, in S. lago. I cannot con- 
 ceive it probable that these mountain species would ever descend normally to the 
 level of the shore ; but, as the locality referred to is alongside the bed of a stream 
 
CARABIDyK. 23 
 
 utrinque leviter impresso ; elytris striatis, striis fere simplicibus ; 
 antenuis, palpis peclibusque rufo-furrugineis, interdum rufo-tes- 
 taceis, — Long. corp. liu. 3|-5|. 
 
 Cratog-nathus labiatus, Erich., in Wiecjm. Arch. ix. 215 (1843). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, et S. Nicolao ; sub lapidibus in edito- 
 ribus, hinc inde vulgaris. 
 
 I have little doubt that this is the C. Jahiatus of Erichson's sup- 
 posed " Angolan " Coleoptera, with the short description of which it 
 sufficiently agrees ; nevertheless if it should prove hereafter to be 
 distinct, I would then propose for it the trivial name of obtusus. 
 It appears to be widely spread over at any rate the northern half of 
 the archipelago, and will most likely be found to be universal in the 
 southern division also — though hitherto it has been observed merely in 
 S. Antao, S. Vicente, and S. Nicolao, occurring only at lofty eleva- 
 tions. In the first of those islands it was taken by Dr. H. Dohrn 
 (in the Ribeira de Joao Affonso, and other places towards the north), 
 as well as by myself (on the Campo Radondo, and towards the head 
 of the Ribeira das Patas) on the mountains of the central district ; 
 in the second by T. Miller, Esq., Mr. Gray, and myself, on the sum- 
 mit of Monte Verde ; and in the third by Mr. Gray, at a lofty alti- 
 tude on Monte Gordo — where he described it as existing in the 
 utmost profusion, beneath stones. 
 
 Like the C ratognathi generally, the C. labiatus is extremely variable 
 in size ; and of the numerous examples now before me, those from 
 S. Nicolao seem on the average to be somewhat the most developed. 
 It may be known from all the species found at the Canaries, Ma- 
 deiras, and Salvages by, inter alia, the obtusely rounded hind0' 
 angles of its prothorax. 
 
 Genus 16. HARP ALUS. 
 Latreille, Ge?i. Crust, et Ins. i. 201 (1806). 
 
 26. Harpalus Paivanus, n. sp. 
 
 H. niger, mas nitidus, foemina opaca ; prothorace transversim sub- 
 quadrato, postice paulo angustiore, angulis posticis subrectis, basi 
 utrinque late sed levissime impresso et parce obsolete punctulato ; 
 
 which (although perfectly dry during the greater portion of every year) must 
 occasionally flood during the autumnal rains, I can imagine it within the range 
 of possibility that these S2:)ecimens may have been washed down ( ferhafs dead 
 and mutilated) from some higher spot, and deposited, along with other r'efuse, 
 within the low, flat enclosui-e where I foinid them. 
 
24 CARABID^. 
 
 elytris striatis (striis fere simiDlicibus); antennis, paljjis pedibusque 
 rufo-fernigiiieis. — Long. corp. lin. 4-vix 5. 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente, et S. Nicolao ; in montibus excelsis parce occur- 
 rens. 
 
 Species in honorem Baronis lusitanici '-'CasteUo de Paiva" citata, 
 
 scientiae naturalis patroni ac scrutatoris periti. 
 
 A Harpahis which belongs to much the same tj-pe as the Euro- 
 pean H. tenebrosus (which occurs in the Madeiran and Canarian 
 groups) and the Teneriffau H. Schaumii, combining to a certain 
 extent the colour and outline of the latter (particularly as regards 
 its rather pale limbs and the subrcctangular hinder angles of its, 
 nevertheless somewhat longer, prothorax) with the less coarse sculp- 
 ture of the former. It appears to be rare, and confined to lofty 
 elevations — having been taken by myself on the summit of Monte 
 Yerde in S. Vicente, and by Mr. Gray at a high altitude on Monte 
 Gordo in S. IS'icolao. From the former island it has also been com- 
 municated by Mr. Miller. I have had great pleasure in dedicating 
 it to my excellent friend the Barao do Castello de Paiva, from whose 
 zeal in the cause of Natural History I have at various times derived 
 much practical assistance, while investigating the Coleopterous fauna 
 of these several Atlantic Groups. 
 
 27. Harpalus serienotatus, n. sp. 
 
 H. vel niger vel piceus, nitidus, in elytris plus minus obsolete metal- 
 lico relucens ; capite fere simphci ; prothorace (transversim sub- 
 quadrato, angulis posticis obtuse subrectis) minute et creberrime 
 punctulato, punctulis antice subobsoletis ; elytris simpliciter stria- 
 tis, in interstitiis distincte sed baud crebre punctatis, necnon per 
 3tium g^ gtum piinctis majoribus circa 8 longitudinaliter notatis ; 
 antennis, palpis pedibusque breviusculis, subgracilibus, saturate 
 testaceis. 
 
 Varied (immaturus) plus minus rufo-brunneus, elytris baud metal- 
 lico tinctis. — Long. corp. lin. 3|-4. 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente, Togo, et Brava ; in editioribus, rarissimus. 
 
 In its rather small size and sHghtly parallel outline, as well as in 
 its somewhat slender limbs and the iridescent lustre which is 
 obscurely apparent on its elytra, the present Harpalus is a good 
 deal suggestive of the large type of Stenolophtis of which the S. siib- 
 relucens (described below) is a member ; yet the ordinary structure 
 of the fourth tarsal joint of its male sex will at once affiliate it with 
 the i/(:o;^Jrt?/, whilst its ^5 u»o<H7«<efZ surface would seem to assign it 
 
CARABID.E. 25 
 
 to the Op7ionus-gTO\\]} of the latter — with which, nevertheless, in 
 other resi)ects it does not seem to have much in common. Perhaps 
 its most remarkable feature consists in the seven or eight larger 
 punctures with which its third and fifth elytral interstices are longi- 
 tudinally branded^ — a peculiarity which, although common in some 
 of the Canarian Calathi, I have never before obsei'S'ed in any Har- 
 jKihis. In one of the four examples from which the above diagnosis 
 has been compiled, and which wag taken by mj'seKon the mountains 
 in Brava, the hinder prothoracic angles are a trifle less obtuse than 
 is the case in the remaining three ; but I can see nothing about it to 
 warrant the suspicion that it is specifically distinct. 
 
 The H. serienotatus is decidedly scarce, and confined to rather 
 lofty elevations. I met with two specimens of it on the top of 
 Monte Yerde in S. Vicente, another at the Monte Nucho in Fogo, 
 and a fourth at a high altitude above the Povoacao in Brava. 
 
 Genus 17. DICHIROTEICHUS ? 
 
 Duval, Gen. des Col. i. 35 (1857). 
 
 28. Dichirotrichus ? lineatopictus, n. sp. 
 
 D. ubicjue punctatus ac parce fulvo-pubescens, subnitidus ; capite 
 prothoraceque submetallico - virescentibus, illo in labro mandi- 
 bulisque rufo-ferrugineis, hoc in limbo gradatim plus minus rufo- 
 ferrugineo, transversim subquadrato-cordato (postice angustato), 
 angulis j)osticis argute obtiisis, basi utrinque late sed leviter im- 
 press© ; elytris subparallelis, profunde creuato-striatis, testaceis, 
 lineis nigrescentioribus, plus minus fractis, longe ante apicem 
 subito terminatis (et ibidem quasi fasciam transversam dentatam 
 interruptam efficientibus) ornatis ; antennis, palpis pedibusque 
 testaceis. — Long. corp. lin. 3. 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; sub lapidibus in inferioribus, rarissimus. 
 
 I do not feel quite certain that the two beautiful insects from 
 which the above diagnosis has been compiled should be referred un- 
 doubtedly to Dichirotrichus ; yet their entirely punctulated, pubes- 
 cent sui'face, partly testaceous elytra, and general outline are, I 
 think, more in accordance with the members of that group than 
 with those of any other with which I am acquainted, though, un- 
 fortunately, since both examples are females, I am unable to decide 
 whether the intermediate male tarsi are simple or dilated. There 
 can be no fear of confounding them with anything else with which 
 Ave have here to do ; for, apart from the two important characters 
 
26 CARABID.E. 
 
 above referred to, their slight^ metallic-green head and prothorax 
 (the latter of which however is the more diluted of the two, shading 
 gradually off towards the edges and base into a reddish-ferruginous 
 tint), and their testaceous elytra — which are ornamented with seve- 
 ral (more or less broken and irregidar) longitudinal blackish lines, 
 ending abruptly at a considerable distance from the apex, so as to 
 shape-out in that particular region a transverse, zigzag fascia 
 (posteriorly well-defined, but merging anteriorly into the darkened 
 lines) — will readily distinguish the species of which they are the 
 exponents. They were both of them taken by myself at a low ele- 
 vation (indeed, I may say, on the sea-level), close to the Villa da 
 Praia in S. lago, beneath stones outside the Palm-grove to the east 
 of the town ; but, being in a dry, stony spot, I have no reason to 
 suppose (which, however, their general colour and aspect would 
 have inclined me to suspect) that they are of saline habits *. 
 
 Genus 18. STENOLOPHUS. 
 
 (Megerle) Steph., ///. Brit. Ent. i. 165 (1828). 
 
 29. Stenolophus subrelucens, n. sp. ? 
 
 S. nitidissimus, in elytris plus minus (interdum obsolete) metallico 
 relucens ; eapite prothoraceque rufo-piceis, hoc in limbo ssepius 
 anguste dilutiore, transversim subquadrato, augulis posticis rotun- 
 datis, postice utrinque late sed leviter impresso punctisque sat 
 grossis irrorato; elytris nigro-piceis, per suturam et limbum (prae- 
 sertim postice) plus minus dilutioribus, jirofunde simpliciter stria- 
 tis ; anteunis fuscescentibus, ad basin, palpis pedibusque rufo- 
 testaceis. — Long. corp. lin 3-3 1. 
 
 Stenolophus relucens?, Erich., in Wiegm. ArcMv, ix. 216 (1843). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. lago, et Brava ; sub quisquiliis humidiuscuHs 
 in intermediis. 
 
 Judging from its more or less rufo-piceous head and prothorax 
 and rather darker elytra (which have their margin and suture faintly 
 diluted in hue), I at first imagined that this large StenolojaJius might 
 perhaps be the S. relucens of Erichson's supposed " Angolan " Coleo- 
 
 * I may notice, in perhaps about tliis position, the remains of an insect which 
 I met with, beneath a stone, in the Pabu-grove above aUuded to, near the Villa 
 da Praia of S. lago. I could obtain only the elytra — which are brownish-testa- 
 ceous and subopake, free from punctiu-es and pubescence, coarsely (but nearly 
 simply) striated, and with a dull, laterally abbreviated, zigzag fascia, common 
 to both, behind the middle. Judging from the descriptions, I am inclined to 
 think that it may possibly be a portion of some Bradyhcenus — of which there 
 are a few species found on the opposite coast of Africa. Indeed the genus 
 appears to be an exclusively African one. 
 
CARABID^. 27 
 
 ptera, and even now I do not feel absolutely certain that such is 
 not the case ; nevertheless the diagnosis of that species would seem 
 to imply that the elytra are conspicuously (perhaps even splendidly) 
 iridescent (instead of only obscurely so, and sometimes hardly at 
 all), and with their strife (in lieu of being simple) subpunctate : so 
 that it is more likely that, along with the other Stenolojilii of his 
 Memou-, it may be veritably from Angola, and not found in the Cape 
 Verdes. Be this however as it may, it seems to be widely scattered 
 over the archipelago, where most likely it will be found to be uni- 
 versal, — occurring sparingly, for the most part beneath refuse, in 
 damp spots of intermediate altitudes. It was taken in tolerable 
 abundance by Dr. H. Dohrn in the north, and by myself on the hills 
 above the Eibeira Fria in the centre, of S. Antao ; by myself at 
 S'" Catharina, in the interior of S. lago ; and by Mr. Gray and my- 
 self on the mountains above the Povoacao, in Brava. 
 
 (Subfam. YII. TRECHIDES.) 
 
 Genus 19. TRECHICHUS. 
 Leconte, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. x. 386 (185:3). 
 
 30. Trechichus fimicola. 
 
 Trechus fimicolus, WolL, Ins. 3Iad. 63 (1854). 
 
 fimicola, Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 18 (1857). 
 
 Trechichus fimicola, Id., Col. Atl. 51 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. lago, et Fogo; sub quisquiliis humidis in inter- 
 mediis inferioribusque degens. 
 
 This little Trechichus (which is rather common in the Madeiran 
 Group, but which has not yet been observed at the Canaries) appears 
 to be widely spread over the Cape Yerde archipelago, where we may 
 expect that it will be found universally. It occurs beneath damp 
 refuse at intermediate, and sometimes even low, elevations ; but it 
 does not seem anywhere to be abundant. I have taken it at Tara- 
 fal in the south of S. Antao, at S** Catharina in the interior of 
 S. lago (where it was found also by Mr. Gray), and at the Monte 
 j^ueho in Fogo. 
 
 Apart from its generic characters (or freedom both from flexuose 
 frontal fiuTOws and an apically-recurved sutural stria), the T. Jiini- 
 cola may easily be known by its shining, unsculptured surface, black 
 head, rufo-testaceous prothorax, dull, lurid-testaceous, almost unstri- 
 ated elytra, and its rather short, brightly testaceous limbs — the 
 
28 CARABID/E. 
 
 antennae of which are especially abbx'cviated, somewhat thick, and 
 moniliform. 
 
 Genus 20. PERILEPTUS. 
 Schaum, Nat. der Ins. Deidsch. i. 6G3 (1860). 
 
 31. Perileptus areolatus. 
 
 Carabus ai'eolatus, Creidz., Ent. Vers, llo, t. 2. f. 19 a (1799). 
 Benibidiuui areolatiim, Dej., Spec. Gen. dcs Col. v. 37 (1831). 
 Bleiniis areolatus, Daws., Geod. Brit. 173 (ISol). 
 Perileptxis areolatus, Schaum, loc. cit. 664 (1860). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao ; per marginem rivuli cujusdam parvi, ad Catano, 
 in montibus excelsis captus. 
 
 The Eui'opean P. areolatus seenis to occur very sparingly along 
 the edges of the streams, at a high elevation, in the Cape Verdes. 
 Hitherto I have seen but two examples of it — which I met with, 
 amongst wet shingle, at the margin of a mountain-torrent at Catano, 
 towards the head of the Ribeira das Patas, in the central district of 
 the island. One of these I unfortunately lost ; but I can detect 
 nothing about the other to warrant its separation from the ordinaiy 
 type. It is a species of rather wide geographical range — having 
 been recorded from most parts of Europe, the Caucasus, Northern 
 Africa, &c. ; and I am far from satisfied indeed that my P. nigritu- 
 lus from the Canaries is more, in reality, than a dark, and somewhat 
 largel}- developed, permanent state of it peculiar to that Group. 
 
 (Subfam. YIII. BEMBIDIADES.) 
 
 Genus 21. TACHYS. 
 (Ziegler) Steph., ///. Brit. Ent. ii. 4 (1829). 
 
 32. Tachys atomarius, n. sp. 
 
 1\ minutissimus, nitidus, fere impunctatus, saturate tcstaceus, in 
 capite necnon interdum in elytris paulo nigresccntior ; prothorace 
 transversim subcordato, angulis posticis obtusiuscalis sed argute 
 determinatis ; elytris subdepressis, singulis stria suturali simplici 
 profunda (apice, ut mihi videtur, vix recurva, sed forsan in parte 
 reeiu'va subobsoleta) impressis, necnon punctis duobus magnis per 
 discum longitudinaliter notatis; antennis pedibusque pallide testa- 
 ceis. 
 
 Variat (immaturus) omnino pallide testaceus. — Long. corp. lin. 
 l-vix |. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, et S. lago ; in humidis intermediis, 
 prsesertim inter lapiUos per margines aquarum latitans. 
 
CARABID^. 29 
 
 The excessively diminutive size, and more or less pallid hue, of this 
 little Tachys, combined with the fact that its elytra have but a single 
 stria (and that one alongside the suture) apparent on each of them, 
 ■will immediately separate it from everything else with which we are 
 here concerned. I feel pretty certain that it is a true Taclujs, and 
 (as I believe) of the histriatum-gvovi]) ; nevertheless I am unable to 
 satisfy myself, even with the aid of the microscope, that its sutural 
 stria is recurved at the apex. I thinl-, however, that I can detect 
 faint indications of a recurved line — which may possibly therefore be 
 present, but subobsolete. 
 
 The T. atomarivs is widely spread throughout the archipelago, 
 where most likely it will be found to be universal — though its ex- 
 tremely minute size and rapid movements render it very liable to 
 escape notice. It occurs in wet places of intermediate altitudes, 
 especially amongst the fine shingle and vegetable detritus at the 
 edges of the streams — in which situations I seldom fail to obtain it, 
 by sifting. In S. Antao I met with it at Tarrafal, in the Eibeira 
 Fria, the Eibeira das Patas, &c. ; in S. Vicente, at Madeiral ; and in 
 S. lago, at S'" Catharina and the Orgaos ravine — in the last of which 
 localities it was found likewise by Mr. Gray. It is the most dimi- 
 nutive member of the subfamily Bemhidiades with which I am 
 acquainted. 
 
 33. Tachys centromaculatus. 
 
 Tachys centromaculatus, Woll., Cat. Can. Col. 67 (1864). 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 58 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; in salinis lutosis juxta mare parce leetus. 
 
 This Tachys, which had been observed as yet only in the Canarian 
 Group (where I detected it along the edges of the saline lake of 
 Januvio, in Lanzarote), I captured a few examples of, at the end of 
 February 1866, in S. Vicente. They were on the slimy mud of an 
 old Saltern, in the sandy flat (behind the sea-beach) about a mile to 
 the south of Porto Grande — in company with the Dyschirius auri- 
 culatus, Pogonus Grayii, Anthicus dimidiatus, and BJedius vitidus (all 
 of which, except the first, are equally Lanzarotan). It will most 
 probably be found widely distributed over these latitudes, if searched 
 for in its proper localities ; and we may be pretty sure that it will be 
 met with in the (hitherto unexplored) eastern islands of the Cape 
 Verde archipelago. The very decided points which separate it from 
 its near ally, the common European T. scutellaris, have been fully 
 alluded to in mv Canarian Cataloirue. 
 
30 
 
 CARABID.E. 
 
 34. Tachys curvimanus. 
 
 Bembidium cunimanum, Woll., Ins. Mad. 74, tab. ii. f. 6 (1854). 
 
 , Id, Cat. Mad. Col. 22 (1857). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 67 (1864). 
 
 Tachys cummanus, Id., Col. Ail. 58 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao ; in humidis intermediis, rarior. 
 
 The T. curvimanus, which is almost universal throughout the 
 Madeiran and Canariau Groups (probably indeed quite so), and 
 which may perhaps be but a state of the Mediterranean 4-signatus, 
 appears to be rare in the Cape Verde archipelago. Indeed, out of 
 an extensive series of the T. Lucasii, now before me, I can detect 
 but three examples of the curvimanus — all of which were taken by 
 myself in the Ribeira Pria, of S, Antao. We may expect, however, 
 when searched for in damp spots of intermediate altitudes, to meet 
 with it more generally. It may be known from the Lucasii by 
 being a little more oblong and depressed, by its prothorax being a 
 trifle narrower, its colour more piceous (or free from the obscure 
 greenish tinge of that insect), and by its elytra having their strioe 
 (instead of being simple) strongly punctured, with the rudiments of 
 an additional one (or a fourth) posteriorly, and their blotches dif- 
 ferently shaped and (especially the hinder one) more suffused. 
 
 35. Tachys Lucasii. 
 
 Bembidium Lucasii, Duv. Ann. de la Sac. Ent. de France, x. 197 
 (1852). 
 
 -, Woll, Ins. Mad. 75 (1854). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 22 (1857). 
 
 Tachys Lucasii, Id., Col. Atl. 58 (1865), 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, S. lago, et Fogo ; in humidis inter- 
 mediis, praesertim lutosis per margin es aquarum, late diifusus. 
 
 The T. Lucasii of Mediterranean latitudes (a species which is 
 recorded from Spain, the north of Africa, Madeira, (fee.) is widely 
 spread over the Cape Verde archipelago, where we may expect that 
 it "«dll be ascertained ultimately to be universal. It occurs in damp 
 places of intermediate altitudes, particularly in muddy spots near the 
 edges of small streams and pools — where it is occasionally abundant. 
 It was taken by Mr. Gray and myself in the Ribeira Fria, the Ribeira 
 das Patas, the Ribeira da Babosa, &c., of S. Antao, as well as at 
 Madeiralzinho in S. Vicente ; and I subsequently met with it at San 
 Domingos, the Ribeira dos Orgaos, and S*" Catharina, in S. lago, and 
 at the Fonte of the Monte Nucho in Foo'o. 
 
CARABIDiE. 31 
 
 The Cape Verde examples of this Tacliys possess a tendency which 
 I have uot observed in the specimens from other countries — namely, 
 to have a large humeral spot (in addition to the ordinary subapical 
 one) developed on each elytron. In S. Antao, S. Vicente, and S. 
 lago these highly-coloured individuals are, however, quite the ex- 
 ception ; but all which I met with in Togo were thus adorned. Yet 
 I am satisfied that this extra patch has no claim whatever to be re- 
 garded as a specific character, and that it merely indicates a phasis 
 of the T. Lucasn ; for there are examples before me of every inter- 
 mediate grade, in some of which the humeral blotch is so exceedingly 
 faint as to be barely traceable. Indeed it seems to me to be the ten- 
 dency of all these minute, nearly-alUed, maculated species of TacJiys 
 to have iiuo spots developed on each elytron, either one or the other of 
 which is usually obsolete in many of the specific types, but which is 
 nevertheless liable to be resumed when circumstances favour its de- 
 velopment. And in support of this view, I may add that the little 
 T. hcemorrhoidalis of Mediterranean latitudes is characterized as hav- 
 ing a subapical patch only on each elytron ; yet in examples from 
 Greece the late Dr. Schaum informed me that he could detect indica- 
 tions of a humeral one likewise ; whilst all the specimens of it which 
 1 found in the Canarian Group were rather conspicuously quadrima- 
 culate. So that, I think, there is nothing remarkable in the fact that 
 the T. Lucasn, which is generally two-spotted in more northern 
 countries, should (from some local cause, which it is hopeless to en- 
 quire into) show a tendency to become more brightly ornamented at 
 the Cape Verdes, 
 
 Genus 22. BEMBIDIUM. 
 Latreille, Gen. Crust, et Ins. i. 183 (1806). 
 
 (Subgenus Peryphus, Meg.) 
 
 36. Bembidium hesperidum, n. sp. 
 
 B. viridi-nigrum, antennis pedibusque paUidis ; capite prothoraceque 
 nitidissimis, hoc angusto, subcordato, convexo, per basin parce 
 rugoso-punctato, angulis jDosticis obtusiusculis sed argute deter- 
 minatis ; elytris convexis, paulo minus nitidis, profunde crenato- 
 striatis (striis postice ct versus latera levioribus), sing-uKs punctis 
 duobus magnis per discum (sc. in stria tertia) longitudinahter 
 notatis ; antennis fusco-brunneis, ad basin, palpis pedibusque 
 rufo-testaceis. — Long. corp. lin. 2^. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, et S. Nicolao ; per margines aquarum 
 in intermediis, rarior. 
 
32 CARABID.E. 
 
 This fine Bemhidium (of the Peryphus-iy^Q) seems to represent in 
 these islands the B. atlantklum, which is so universal thi'oughout the 
 Madeiran and Canarian archipelagos. Indeed, although totally dis- 
 tinct from it specifically, it is much aUied to that insect. It appears 
 however to be uniformly (with the exception of the limbs) of a 
 greenish-black, or blackish-green, hue — showing no tendency, so far 
 as I have observed hitherto, to become maculated ; its prothorax and 
 elytra (the former of which has the basal angles a trifle more obtuse) 
 are, both of them, very much more convex ; and its legs, as is espe- 
 cially evident in the hinder feet, are relatively a little longer. It is 
 decidedly rare, or at any rate exceedingly local, and confined to damp 
 spots of intermediate and somewhat lofty altitudes — occurring amongst 
 shingle, &c., at the edges of the small pools and streams. It was 
 taken by Dr. H. Dohrn in the north of S. Antao, by Mr. Gray and 
 myself at Madeiralzinho in S. Vicente, and by the former at a high 
 elevation on Monte Gordo in S. Nieolao ; and I have lately received a 
 specimen from S. Vicente, which was captured by Mr. Miller (the 
 Enghsh Consul). We may expect, therefore, to find it pretty gene- 
 rally distributed throughout the Group. 
 
 * (Subgenus Lopha, Meg.) 
 
 37. Bembidium subcallosuin. 
 
 Bembidium 4-guttatum, Brulle [nee Fah.'], in Webb et Berth. 58 (1838). 
 
 , subcallosimi, JVolL, Cat. Can. Col. 71 (1804), 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 61 (I860). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, et Togo ; per margines aquarum, pi-ge- 
 cipue in intermediis, degens. 
 
 This large and spotted Bembidium (which abounds throughout the 
 Canarian Group, and which is represented in Madeira by the B. 
 Schmidtii) is ^\idely spread over the Cape Verde archipelago, where 
 we may expect that it will be ascertained ultimately to be universal. 
 Hitherto however it has been observed only in S. Antao, S. Vicente, 
 and Fogo — in the first of which it was found by Dr. H. Dohrn (in 
 the Hibeira de Joao Affonso), as well as by Mr. Gray and myself (in 
 the central ravines of the island) ; in the second by Mr. Gray and 
 myself, at Madeiralzinho ; and in the third, by myseK, at the Fonte 
 of the Monte Nucho. It is far from urdikely that (as is possibly 
 the case with the Madeiran B. Schmidtii likewise) it may be, in 
 reality, but a permanent geographical modification of the Mediter- 
 ranean B. caUosum. 
 
DYTISCID^. 33 
 
 Fam. 3. DYTISCID^. 
 
 Genus 23. HYPHYDRUS. 
 
 niiger, Blog.filr Imeh. i. 299 (1801). 
 
 38. Hyphydrus crassus, n, sp. 
 
 H. ovalis, crassus, convexus, nitidus, dense inaequaliter punctatus ; 
 capite plus minus rufo-ferrugineo ; prothorace ad latera obli(]ue 
 subrecto et anguste rufo-ferrugineo ; elytris (antice basis protho- 
 racis latitudine) rufo-testaceis, in sutura, maculis lineisque latis 
 irregularibus nigro ornatis, singulis linea dorsali impressis ; an- 
 tennis testaceis; pedibus (crassis) rufo-testaceis, posticis paulo 
 picescentioribus. — Long. corp. lin. 2. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, et S. lago ; hinc inde in aquis inter- 
 mediis (vel fluentibus vel stagnantibus). 
 
 The thick, oval body and densely punctured surface of this Hyphy- 
 drus, combined with the rufo-ferrugiuous hue of its head and of the 
 lateral edges of its (piceous-black) prothorax, and its rufo-testaceous 
 elytra, which nevertheless are nearly covered with dark irregular 
 patches and broad longitudinal lines (usually a good deal broken, 
 and more or less confluent), will serve to distinguish it amongst the 
 very few water-beetles which have hitherto been observed in these 
 arid islands. It was detected by Mr. Gray, during January 1866, 
 in a small pool at Madeiralzinho, in S. Vicente, — where he found it 
 in tolerable abundance, and where subsequently I myself obtained 
 it. A week later I met with a single example of it at Catano (to- 
 wards the head of the Eibeira das Patas) in S. Antao ; and shortly 
 afterwards we again captured it at San Domingos in S. lago ; so that 
 it seems to be widely spread over the archipelago. It is very closely 
 allied to the H. scriptus, of Fabrieius, for examples of which (from 
 Angola, Caffraria, and the Cape of Good Hope) I am indebted to the 
 Rev. Hamlet Clark. Considering however what small characters are 
 supposed to constitute specific ones in the Hydrocantharidce, I think 
 it would be unsafe to regard it as a mere geographical state of that 
 insect ; and such, I may add, was Hkewise the opinion of Mr. Clark. 
 But almost the only decided point in which it differs from the scrip- 
 tus is its more equable punctation ; for although the punctures are 
 composed (as there) of a double series (large and small), yet the 
 larger ones are very much smaller, and the smaller ones distinctly 
 larger, than is the case in the scriptus. In other respects, it is, if 
 
34 DYTISCIDiE. 
 
 anything, perhaps, a trifle rounder than the so'^ij^tits, with the edges 
 of the prothorax just appreciably straighter and more oblique. 
 
 Genus 24. COPELATUS. 
 Eiichson, Geyu Dytic. 38 (1832). 
 
 39. Copelatus formosus, n. sp. 
 
 C. niger (interdum piceo-niger), subnitidus ; capite prothoracisque 
 lateribus plus minus rufo-ferrugineis ; elytris eleganter arguteque 
 simi^liciter striatis, per basin interstitiumque (apice excepto) sub- 
 laterale, necnon in macula parva subapicali rufo-testaceis ; anten- 
 nis pedibusque rufo-testaceis. — Long. corp. lin. 2^-2^. 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; in aquis intermediis, praecipue fluentibus, rarior. 
 
 I have little doubt that this elegant Copelatus, which was cap- 
 tured by Mr. Gray and myself in S. lago, is a truly African species; 
 indeed it appears to be identical with an unnamed one in the collec- 
 tion of the British Museum, from Zulu. It is also near to the C. 
 africanus (= Benguelii, Aube), but is a -"little smaller and not uni- 
 colorous — its head, and the sides of its prothorax, being duU rufo- 
 ferruginous, whilst each elytron has a transverse basal line, about 
 three-fourths of the sublateral interstice, and a small subapical spot 
 (almost adjoining the latter) more or less testaceous. It seems to 
 me that there is very little, except the beautifully striated elytra, to 
 separate Copelatus from Agahus. The C. formosus was taken by Mr. 
 Gray and myself, at intermediate elevations, in the small streams in 
 the interior of S. lago — namely, at San Domingos, in the Kibeira dos 
 Orgaos, and at S*" Catharina. 
 
 Genus 25. EUNECTES. 
 Erichson, Geti. Dytic. 23 (1832). 
 
 There is so much difficulty attending the supposed " varieties " of 
 the E. sticticus, as to whether any of them ought not rather to be 
 regarded as specifically distinct, that I will not attempt to decide 
 whether a single example (now before me) which was taken by Mr. 
 Gray in S. Nicolao, and which appears to accord sufiiciently well 
 with the Madeiran E. subcoriaceus, might not be treated as a some- 
 what more oblong and unfasciated modification of that widely spread 
 insect. I believe however that, although nearly allied to it, it can 
 scarcely be looked upon as any phasis of the E. sticticus — though if, 
 on the other hand, it should prove to be so, then I have little doubt 
 
DYTISCID^. 
 
 35 
 
 that the Canarian E. suhdiaphanus must equally be regarded as a 
 geographical state of that species. 
 
 Yet whether the specimens from S. Nicolao represent (together 
 ^vith the Madeiran ones) a modification of the E. sticticus or not, I 
 feel pretty sure that it is at all events distinct from a S. Vicente 
 species in the collection of Mr. Fiy (but which was not captured by 
 himseK), and of which several other examples were communicated by 
 the late Eev. K. Clark with the. label " Cape Verde " appended to 
 them. This latter I described (in 1861) under the name of comcoUis, 
 but I have since nearly satisfied myself that it is the Tielvolus of Klug 
 — a species which is actually recorded by Erichson amongst his sup- 
 posed " Angolan" Coleoptera, and which Aube cited (I think, 
 wrongly) as a variety of the sticticus. So that, apart from the ques- 
 tion of synonymy, I believe that we may at any rate register two 
 species of Eunectes for these islands. 
 
 40. Eunectes subcoriaceus. 
 
 E. oblongo-ovatus, subdiaphano-coriaceus, pallide dilute testaceus, 
 clypeo antice leviter emarginato ; capite postice nigro et macula 
 frontali magna distincta antice profunde bipartite ornato ; protho- 
 race vitta transversa parva fracta nebuloso, ad latera oblique sub- 
 recto, angulis posticis aeutiusculis ; elytris punctis magnis in 
 triplici serie et ubique punctulis minoribus nigris notatis, singulis 
 macula (rarius duabus) parva sublaterali nigra ornatis. — Long, 
 Corp. lin. 7. 
 
 Eimectes subcoriaceus, Woll, Ann. Nat. Hist. viii. 99 (1861). 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 71, et Append. 12 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Nicolao ; a Dom. Gray semel tantum deprehensus. 
 
 The single example above alluded to, which I would regard as con- 
 specific with the Madeiran E. subcoriaceus, was captured by Mr. Gray, 
 during February 1864, in a smaU freshwater pool (" not in any de- 
 gree brackish ") in S. Nicolao. 
 
 41. Eunectes helvolus. 
 
 E. ovatus, angustulus, luteo-griseus, clypeo antice vix emarginato ; 
 capite postice nigro et macula frontali magna plus minus suffusa 
 antice bipartite ornato ; prothorace vitta transversa abbreviate 
 ornato, ad latera oblique rectissimo, angulis posticis aeutiusculis; 
 elytris punctis magnis sat profundis in triplici serie et ubique 
 punctulis minoribus nigris notatis, singulis maculis duabus minutis 
 sublateralibus et fascia transversa tenui dentata postica (plus minus 
 obsoleta) nigris ornatis. — Long. corp. lin. 5:^-6;^. 
 
 1)2 
 
36 dytiscidjB. 
 
 Eunectes helvolus, Klvg, Symb. Phys. 33. 3, 
 
 conicollis, Woll, Ann. Nat. Hist vii. 97 (1861). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; a DD. Fiy et Clark olim communicatus. 
 
 The smaller size, paler hue, and more ovate (or anteriorly-narrowed) 
 outline of this Eunectes (which has also the punctures on the fore part 
 of its elytra more conspicuous) will separate it, even at first sight, 
 from the preceding one ; but as we did not meet with it during our 
 late sojourn in the Cape Yerdes, I have nothing more to add concern- 
 ing it than what I wrote (in the ' Annals of Natural History ') in 1861. 
 I believe however that it will prove to be a species of the lower eleva- 
 tions, and found in the briny waters of the Salinas ; for a few ex- 
 amples of it have recently been taken by Senhor Moniz m Madeira — 
 amongst plants of Ruppia rostellata, Koch, in a Saltern at Paul do 
 Mar : and if this should prove to be the case, we may expect to 
 meet with it in the (hitherto unexplored) eastern islands of the 
 archipelago. 
 
 Genus 26. CYBISTER. 
 Curtis, Brit. Ent. iv. 151 (1827). 
 
 42. Cybister africanus. 
 
 C. elongatus, oblongo-ovatus, nitidus, subtus nigro-piceus, supra ob- 
 scure olivaceus ; labro, epistomate, prothoracis elytrorumque late- 
 ribus, necnon vitta submarginali (apice hamato-dilatata) in mar- 
 ginem pallidum ely trorum coeunte, saturate testaceis ; elytris versus 
 latera leviter punctatis, seriebus impressionum duabus in singulis 
 longitudinaliter notatis ; antennis, pedibus anticis femoribusque 
 intermediis rufo-testaceis (sed tamen femoribus anticis nigro ma- 
 culatis) ; tibiis tarsisque intermediis et pedibus posticis piceis. — 
 Long. corp. lin. 14. 
 
 Cybister africanus, Laporte, Etud. Ent. 99 (1834). 
 
 Trochalus meridionalis, Qen6, De quib. I?is. Sard. i. 10 (1836). 
 
 Gyhister africanus, Aub4, Hydrocanth. 71 (1838). 
 
 , Woll, Cat. Can. Col. 83 (1864). 
 
 , Id, Col. Atl. 70 (1865). 
 
 JIabitat S. Vicente ; a Dom. Miller, Consule Britannico, nuper com- 
 municatus. 
 
 A single specimen of this large Hydrocantharid has lately been 
 communicated from S. Vicente by T. Miller, Esq., the English Consul, 
 by whom it was captured in a tank at Porto Grande. It is an in- 
 sect which is widely distributed over the African continent, and one 
 which occurs also in the south of Europe and the Canary Islands ; so 
 that its presence in the Cape Verde archipelago is not surprising. 
 
GYRINID.E. 37 
 
 Fam. 4. GYRINID^. 
 
 Genus 27. DINEUTUS. 
 MacLeay, Ann. Javan. 30 (1825). 
 
 43. Dineutus aereus. 
 
 B. late subovato-ellipticus, grosse subrecurvi marginatus, nigro-oli- 
 vaceus et h.inc inde seneo-tinctus, subopacus, ubique subtilissime 
 et densissime subpunctulato-alutaceus punetiilisque majoribus (sed 
 tamen minutis) levissime adspersus ; elytris levissime striatis, ad 
 apicem minute serratis ; antennis pedibusque piceis. 
 
 Mas elytris ad apicem ipsissimum singulatim subrotundatis, utrinque 
 pone apicem leviter undulato-emarginatis. 
 
 Fvem. elytris ad apicem ipsissimum paulo prominulis, utrinque pone 
 apicem vix evidentius undulato-emarginatis. — Long. corp. lin. 
 5|-vix 6. 
 
 Gyxinus sereus, King, Symb. Phys. .34. 8. 
 
 Cyclous Eegyptiacus, Dej., Cat. (.3" 6dit.) 66 (1833). 
 
 Dineutes aereus, Aube, Hydrocanth. 769 (1838). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, S. Nicolao, et S. lago ; in superficie 
 aquarum (vel fluentium vel stagnantium) congregans, in inter- 
 mediis vulgaris. 
 
 This large Dineutus (which is a species widely spread over tropical 
 Africa — occurring in Egypt, Nubia, &c.) is abundant in the streams 
 and pools of the Cape Verde archipelago; and wherever there is suflS.- 
 cient water for the permanent existence of the Hydradepliaga, there 
 we may anticipate that it will eventually be found. But as our late 
 sojourn amongst the islands was during the driest season that had 
 been known for many years, we obtained it only in S. Antao, S. 
 Vicente, and S. lago ; nevertheless it was taken by Mr. Gray, during 
 February 1864, in S. Nicolao also. In S. Antao (in which island it 
 is called by the inhabitants " D'agua") it was met with likewise by 
 Dr. H. Dohrn. In its mode of life it is extremely gregarious ; and the 
 vast multitudes of it which are often seen, congregating on the sur- 
 faces of the pools and streams, at intermediate altitudes, could not 
 fall to attract the attention of even an ordinary observer. 
 
 44. Dineutus subspinosus. 
 
 D. anguste suboblongo-ellipticus, tenuiter subrecurvi marginatus, vix 
 subolivaceo-niger, sed in limbo (margine recurvo angusto apiceque 
 exceptis) viridi-aeneo tinctus, subopacus ; elytris tenuissime et 
 levissime striatis, ad apicem truncatis et minute serratis, utrinque 
 pone apicem anguste fisso-emai-ginatis et spina acuta instructis ; 
 antennis piceis ; pcdibus piceo-forrugineis. — Long. cor]!, lin. 3;|. 
 
38 GYRINID^. 
 
 Gyrinus subspinosus, Khig, Sy^nb. Phys. 34. 9. 
 Cyclous aiistralis, DeJ., Cat. (3" edit.) 66 (188.3), 
 Dineutes subspinosus, Auhe, Ilydrocantli. 786 (1838). 
 
 Habitat S. lago; in rivulo quodam ad San Domingos a Dom. Gray 
 captus. 
 
 The present Dineutus is so very mucli smaller and narrower than 
 the last one that, taking also into account its anteriorly-rounded epi- 
 stome and the sharp subapical spine on either side of its elytra*, it 
 might well appear at first sight to be generically distinct ; yet its 
 total freedom from a \'isible scutellum, combined with its transverse 
 labrum, the serrated apex of its elytra, and the depressed, poste- 
 riorl3'-rounded last segment of its abdomen, are all strictly in accord- 
 ance with the I)tneutus-tj])e. Indeed I feel pretty certain that it is 
 the D. subspinosus of Klug — a species which is widely dispersed over 
 the African continent (having been recorded from Senegal and Nubia, 
 as well as from Madagascar) and which is stated to occur likewise in 
 the Isle of France and the East Indies f- And it is the more pro- 
 bable that this identification is correct, from the fact that the D. 
 subspinosus is mentioned by Erichson amongst his supposed " Ango- 
 lan" Coleoptera — a considerable number of which I have already 
 stated were not from Angola at all, but from the Cape Verde archi- 
 pelago. Nevertheless I should add that the description of the svh~ 
 sjpinosus given by Aube does not call attention to the little fissure, 
 or emargination, which exists (at least in the example before me) 
 immediately within the subapical spine of each elytron ; but as he 
 speaks of an additional spinule being occasionally developed behind 
 the other, it is very probable that this small cavity may be merely 
 the result of the margin behind the spine being produced into an 
 anguUform rudimentary denticle. If however it should prove here- 
 after to be specifically distinct from the subspinosus, which I do not 
 in the least anticipate, I would then propose for it the trivial name 
 of armatus. 
 
 The single example from which I have drawn-up the above dia- 
 gnosis was captured by Mr. Gray in the little stream at San Domin- 
 gos, in S. lago. 
 
 * The structure of the elytral apes of this Bineufus — which is not only mi- 
 nutely serrated (as in the D. cereus), but furnished beliind the serrated portion 
 with a small and deep fissiu-e, or narrow excavation, which is armed at the 
 upper extremity with an acute spine — is exceedingly curious. 
 
 t I possess a Bineutiis, captured by the late Dr. Schaum in EgyjDt, wliich 
 does not seem to differ specifically from the Cape Yerde one ; and this, there- 
 fore, affords additional evidence in favour of the latter being the true sub- 
 spinosus. 
 
HELOPHORID^. 39 
 
 Fam. 5. HELOPHORID^. 
 
 Genus 28. OCHTHEBIUS. 
 Leach, Zool. Miscell. iii. 91 (1817). 
 
 45. Ochthebius 4-foveolatus. 
 
 Oclithebius 4-foveolatus, WoU., Ins. Mad. 91 (1854). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 28 (18o7). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 86 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 73 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; in aquosis ad Madeiralzinho a Dom. Gray lectus. 
 
 Of the present Oclitluhius, which is almost universal throughout 
 the Madeiran and Canarian Groups (probably indeed quite so), I 
 have seen hitherto but a single example from the Cape Yerdes. It 
 was taken by Mr. Gray, at Madeiralzinho, in S. Vicente ; and it ap- 
 pears to differ in no respect from the Madeiran and Canarian type. 
 We may expect to meet it pretty generally, in the vicinity of the 
 pools and streams, in intermediate altitudes. 
 
 Genus 29. HYDR^ffiNA. 
 
 Kugelann, in Schneid. May. i. 578 (1794). 
 
 46. Hydrsena quadricollis. 
 
 Hydrsena quadi-icoUis, Woll, Cat. Can. Col. 89 (1864). 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 75 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et S. Vicente ; in aquosis ad margines aquarum, 
 interdum etiam in aquis ipsis, rarissima. 
 
 The close and not very coarse sculpture of this little Hi/drcena, 
 combined with its rather pale, diluted-brown hue (the head only 
 being black) and its sqiiare prothorax, at once identify it with the 
 Canarian H. quadricollis — which I took, at a low elevation, in Tene- 
 riffe. It appears to be rare in the Cape Verde archipelago, though 
 I suspect widely distributed over the intermediate altitudes. I met 
 with it in the Ribeira da Babosa in S. Antao, and also (more abun- 
 dantly) at Madeiralzinho in S. Vicente — in which latter locaKty a 
 single example was obtained likewise by Mr. Gray. It occurs also 
 in Egypt (and probably, therefore, throughout northern and central 
 Africa generally), from whence I possess examples captured by the 
 late Mr. Melly, as well as others which were found by Dr. Schaum 
 (who regarded them as an undescribed species) at Cairo. 
 
40 hydrophiliDjE. 
 
 Fam. 6. HYDROPHILIDiE. 
 
 Genus 30. HYDROXENUS (nov. gen.). 
 
 Genus inter Laccohium et Berosum situm, cum illo corpora parvo, 
 colore, sculptura, oculis demissis, sternorum structiira, pedibus 
 bre^^usculis tibiisque extns spinulosis, apice valde calcaratis nec- 
 non posticis sensim arcuatis, sed cum hoc antennis 7-articulatis 
 pedibusque posticis partim longissime pilosis congruens. Corpus 
 parvum, ovale, luridum, dense punctatum ; mesosferno (ut in Lac- 
 coh'io et Beroso) postice carinato ; metastenio (ut in Laccobio) fere 
 simplici (apice in medio minutissime canalicnlato et in spinulam 
 parvam brevem inter coxas posticas producto) ; aJis amplis ; an- 
 tennis 7-articulatis, art" 1"° et 2'^° inter se arete connexis et con- 
 junctim clavato-subfusiformibus, illo elongato subflexuoso apice 
 gradatim latiore, hoc multo breviore conico, 3''° parvo (nee mi- 
 nutissimo) obconico, 4'° bre\i sed gradatim multo latiore oblique 
 subpoculiformi, reliquis clavam magnam elongatam laxam pubes- 
 centem triarticulatam e quarto subpoculiformi surgentem efflcien- 
 tibus ; pedibus (saltern anticis et posticis) breviusculis, tibiis (ut 
 in Laccobio) parum robustis, aj)icem versus gradatim paulo latiori- 
 bus, ajjice valde calcaratis, extus breviter setulosis (anticis ad an- 
 gulum externum spinula longiore exstante armatis), posticis sen- 
 sim incurvis, tarsis posticis subtus longissime ac dense pilosis, 
 anticis in maribus art" 2^° et 3"° (praesertim illo) subito incrassatis. 
 Ab vStop, aqua, et ^eros, advena. 
 
 The two curious little insects for which I have established the 
 present genus seem exactly intermediate between Laccobius and Bero- 
 sus — combining the small size and peculiar colour and sculpture, no 
 less than the comparatively short legs and externally-setulose, rather 
 robust tibiae (the hinder pair of which are, in like manner, subarcuate) 
 of the former with the 7-jointed antennae* and partially -pilose pos- 
 terior legs of the latter. In general contour they have something in 
 common with the members of both groups ; for although their palish, 
 somewhat liu-id hue and close punctation, added to theii' minute bulk, 
 less convex body, and less prominent eyes, are at first sight more on 
 the Laccobius -type, yet their exact outline is also a good deal suggestive 
 
 * M. Duval's is the only diagnosis I have yet seen which appears to me to be cor- 
 rect as regards the antenna; oiBerosus. Erichson, Mulsant, Lacordaire, and others 
 all speak of them as S-jointed ; yet I am satisfied that there are but seven articula- 
 tions in at any rate the two species {spinoms and luridus) which I have just 
 carefully examined. The first and second joints (particularly the former) are 
 long and more or less clavate, the third is small and obconic, the fourth is mvch 
 broader (but extremely short and thin) and obliquely cupshaped, and receives the 
 large, elongate, pubescent, triarticulated club — which is composed of the fifth, 
 fiixth, and seventh. 
 
HYDROPHILIDiE. 41 
 
 of diminutive BerosL Their antennse, which I have examined with 
 the greatest care, seem to me to possess undoubtedly but seven arti- 
 culations — the relative proportions of which are much the same as 
 those of Bercsus, except that the first joint is less clavate and the 
 second shorter and more conical (the apex of the former and the base 
 of the latter being so precisely of equal breadth that the two together 
 form one continuous curve). The first and second joints indeed are 
 perhaps more after the pattern which obtains inLaccobius; and were 
 it not for the omission of the minute third one which is unmistake- 
 able in that genus, their antennae would not differ materially from 
 those of the Laccohii ; but the fact of this elimination implies, even 
 of itself, a still closer affinity with the Berosi. 
 
 As regards other peculiarities (apart from the general intermediate 
 structure already alluded to), the spinule at the outer apical angle of 
 the anterior tibiae in Hydroxenus is exceedingly elongate and out- 
 wardly directed, the second and third joints (the former of which is 
 the largest) of the front feet of its males are suddenly and greatly 
 thickened (more so than is the case in Laccohius), and its two hinder 
 tarsi are densely clothed beneath with extremely long hairs — in which 
 latter respect it recedes from Laccohius, and approaches Berosus, 
 though, at the same time, the scattered pile of the Berosi is not con- 
 centrated in quite the same manner, or so exclusively in the same 
 place, as appears to be the rule with Hydroxenus. Aided no doubt 
 by this elongate brush-like appendage to the under surface of their 
 posterior feet, the Hydroxeni seem (like the Berosi) to be skilful 
 swimmers — far more so than the somewhat slow and awkward Lac- 
 cohii. 
 
 47. Hydroxenus subpictus, n. sp. 
 
 H. ellipticus, nitidus, sat dense et distincte punctulatus ; capite nigro, 
 clypei lateribus ante oeulos late testaceis ; prothorace testaceo, in 
 macula magna discali longitiidinali (utrinque in medio plus minus 
 sed paulo indentata) nigro oniato ; coleopteris testaceis, ubique 
 limbo excepto nigro -irroratis, necnon in fascia centrali transversa 
 brevissima lunulato-dentata obscurissima (plus minus fracta atque 
 etiam obsoleta) maculaque parva longe intra humeros sita nigro- 
 omatis, punctis majoribus et vix seriatim dispositis ; antennis 
 ferrugineis, ad basin, palpis pedibusque testaceis. — Long. corp. 
 Un. 1|. 
 
 Hahitat S. lago ; aquas fluentes, praeeipue versus margines rivu- 
 lorum, in intermediis, colons. 
 
 The great i^rimd facie resemblance of this little Palpicorn — in 
 
42 
 
 HYDROPHILID,^. 
 
 size, colour, and sculpture — to the common European Laccobius 
 miyiutus, whilst even generically distinct from it, is very remarkable. 
 Its head (with the exception of a small space at the edges of the 
 clypeus, in front of either eye), and a laterally abbreviated patch 
 down the centre of its (otherwise ^testaceous) prothorax, are black ; 
 and its elytra, although pale, are nevertheless, except along their 
 sides and apex, densely mottled with blackish points and obscure, 
 cloudy, suffused markings — much as in the L. minutus. The sculp- 
 ture is rather close, and the elytral punctures (which are much 
 larger than those on the head and prothorax) have merely a tendency 
 to arrange themselves in longitudinal rows. A single example of it 
 was fii'st captured by Mr. Gray, in the stream at S. Domingos, in 
 S. lago; and I afterwards met with it abundantly in the llibeira dos 
 Orgaos, of the same island. 
 
 48. Hydroxenus minor, n. sp. 
 
 IT. breviter ovalis, nitidissimus, parce leviter punctulatus ; capita 
 nigro, clypei lateribus minute testaceis; prothorace testaceo, in ma- 
 cula permagna discali lata transversa (sublunata, sed antice plus 
 minus 4-partita) nigro ornatis ; coleopteris testaceis, ubique (limbo 
 exeepto) nigro irroratis, necnon in fascia central! transversa brevis- 
 sima lunulato-dentata obscurissima (plus minus fracta atque etiam 
 obsoleta) maculaque parva longe intra humeros sita nigro ornatis, 
 punctis majoribus et evidenter seriatim dispositis; an tennis ferru- 
 gineis, ad basin, palpis pedibusque testaceis. — Long. corp. lin. |-1. 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; in locis similibus ac praecedens. 
 
 Obs. — A prsecedente differt eorpore multo minore ac minus ellip- 
 tico, nitidiore (nullo modo alutaceo), paulo levius ac minus dense 
 punctato (punctis in elytris evidentius seriatim dispositis), clypei 
 lateribus angustius obscuriusque testaceis, necnon macula nigra 
 discali prothoracica multo latiore vel magis transversa, antice plus 
 minus 4-furcata. 
 
 Found abundantly, by myself, in company with the preceding 
 species, in S. lago — namely, in the stream of the Orgaos ravine. It 
 is considerably smaller, and a little more oval (or less elliptic), than 
 the R. subj> ictus, rather more highly polished (the surface not being 
 at all alutaceous, even under a high magnifying-power), and some- 
 what more lightly and less closely punctured — the punctures on the 
 elytra, moreover, being more evidently arranged in longitudinal 
 rows. As regards markings, the edges of its clypeus (in front of 
 either eye) are less broadly, and more obscurely, testaceous ; and the 
 dark patch on its prothoracic disk is very much broader, or more 
 
HYDROPHILID^. 43 
 
 transverse, more lunulate in outline, and divided in front (more or 
 less evidently) into four branches, or parts. 
 
 Genus 31. HELOCHARES. 
 
 Mulsant, Col. de France (Palpic. Errata), 197 (1844). 
 
 I refer the Palpicom which I have described below to Helochares 
 because its mesosternum is totally unprovided with a longitudinal 
 keel, and because I cannot think' that it ought to be separated from 
 that group. Nevertheless I am imable to detect any trace of even a 
 tubercle on its mesosternum, which seems to me to be perfectly 
 simple ; but since " mesosternum simplex" was one of the actual cha- 
 racters given by Erichson for his Hydrohius dilutus, which is never- 
 theless now regarded as an Helochares, that fact will not militate 
 against my identification of the insect. In any case it may be known 
 genericcdh/ from Philhydrus, not merely by its uncarinated mesoster- 
 num, but likewise by its clypeus being more scooped-out in front, by 
 the last articulation of its antennae being less thickened, and by its 
 maxiUary palpi being somewhat slenderer stiU, with their second, 
 third, and fourth joints (although gradually diminishing a little in 
 length) less unequal in their proportions — the ultimate one being 
 relatively less shortened. 
 
 49. Helochares dilutus. 
 
 H. ovatus, hand valde convexus, dense, minutissime etleviter punc- 
 tulatus, ssepius plus minus testaceo-niger (rarius niger, anticc et 
 in limbo dilutior) ; clypeo antice emarginato ; elytris baud striatis, 
 sed sajpius obscure subpellucide lineolato-decoratis; antennis (art" 
 vilt° oblongo) fusco-brunneis, basi, palpis (graciUimis, art'' 2'*°, 3"° 
 et ult" gradatim paulo brevioribus, ult° penultimo paulo breviore) 
 tarsisque (posticis hand valde elongatis) testaceis, femoribus tibiis- 
 que picescentioribus ; mesosterno simplici. — Long. corp. Hn. lg-l|. 
 
 Hydrobius dilutus, Erich., in Wiegm. Archiv, ix. 228 (1843). 
 HelophUus melanophthalmus, Mills., Palpic. de France, 137 (1844). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; in aquosis ad Madeiralzinho captus. 
 
 Taken by Mr. Gray and myself in S. Vicente — adhering to the 
 undersides of sodden leaves, and wet stones, in the small stream which 
 issues from the dripping rocks at the base of the perpendicular moun- 
 tain-sides at Madeiralzinho. Independently of the str-uctural cha- 
 racters above alluded to, which tend to remove it into a difierent 
 genus, it may be known from the Philhydrus melanocephalus, even 
 prima facie, by being a little more ovate and less convex, and on the 
 
44 HYDROPHlLIDiK. 
 
 average smaller and paler — by its punctation (although extremely 
 fine) being if anything a trifle more apparent, causing the surface to 
 be usually somewhat less shining — by its elytra being altogether free 
 from a sutural stria, and (except in occasional darker specimens) with 
 a tendency to be obsoletely lineated (as though from obscure lines 
 sliinlng through a subpellucid surface) — and by its two hinder feet 
 being perceptibly less elongate, I have little doubt that it is con- 
 specific with (though perhaps a small state of) the dilntus of Erich- 
 son, which is said to occur in south-western Europe and throughout 
 the greater portion of Africa (having been received from Egypt and 
 even Madagascar), and which Erichson first described amongst his 
 supposed "Angolan" Coleoptera*. 
 
 Genus 32. PHILHYDRUSt. 
 Solier, Ann. de la Soc. Ent. cle France, iii. 315 (1834). 
 
 50. Philhydrus melanocephalus. 
 
 P. ovalis, convexus, dense, minutissime et levissime punctulatus, vel 
 niger limbo paulo dilutiore, vel plus minus testaceo-niger ; clypeo 
 antice subtruneato ; elytris stria suturali postice impressis; an tennis 
 (art" ult" globoso-ovato)fusco-brunneis, basi,palpis(art. 2''°reliquis 
 multo longiore, ult" penultimo multo breviore) tarsisque testaceis, 
 femoribus tibiisque piceis ; mesosterno per medium altissime la- 
 mellato-carinato. — Long. corp. lin. 1|-2|. 
 
 Hydrophilus melanocephalus, Oliv., Ent. iii. 39. 14 (1795). 
 Philhydrus melanoceplialus, Woll.j Ins. Mad. 98 (1854). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 32 (1857). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 91 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Ail. 77 (1865). 
 
 Hahitat S. Antao, S. "Vicente, S. lago, et Brava ; in aquosis ad mar- 
 gines aquarum, vel stagnantium vel fluentium, vulgaris. 
 
 I have given a diagnosis of this common insect, in order to call at- 
 tention to some of the main points in which it differs from the pre- 
 ceding one ; for it is so extremely variable, both in size and hue, that 
 the smaller examples of it might seem at first sight to merge into the 
 larger ones of the latter. I need scarcely mention, however, that a 
 closer inspection will bring to light an abundance of permanent cha- 
 
 * If however the above Helochares should prove eventually to be distinct from 
 the dilutus, which I hardly anticipate, I would then (having already given a full 
 diagnosis of it) propose for the species the name of simplex. 
 
 f Apart from all other characters, the genus Vhilkydrus may be known by its 
 mesosternum being raised along the centre into an elevated lanicUiform keel, and 
 by its maxillary palpi being greatly elongated — the second and third joints (espe- 
 cially the former) being very long, and the ultimate one considerably shorter than 
 either. 
 
HYDROPHILID^. 45 
 
 racters of sufficient importance to assign the two species to even dif- 
 ferent groups. Thus, apart from the structural features, of keeled 
 mesosternum and the different proportions of the terminal joint of the 
 antennae and the last tkree of the maxillary palpi, the P. melanoce- 
 phalus (although most inconstant in dimensions and colour) is on the 
 average a larger and darker insect than the Helochares dilutus ; it is 
 also more oval (or less expanded posteriorly), more convex, and (if 
 anything) even still more lightly- punctiilated ; and its elytra have 
 each of them a deep sutural stria, evanescent in front but very con- 
 spicuous posteriorly. 
 
 The P. melanocepJialus, which is common in most parts of Europe 
 and northern Africa, and which is almost universal in the Madeiran 
 and Canarian Groups, will probably be found to be generally distri- 
 buted over the Cape Yerde archipelago, occurring principally at rather 
 low and intermediate altitudes. It was taken by Dr. H. Dohrn, Mr. 
 Gray, and myself (in the Ribeira de Joao Affonso, Curral das Vacas, 
 Tarrafal, &c.) in S. Antao ; and by Mr. Gray and myself at Madeiral- 
 zinho in S. Vicente, as well as in S. lago, and in the Eibeira do Sorno 
 in Brava. 
 
 Genus 33. STERNOLOPHUS. 
 Solier, Ann. de la Sac. JEnt de France, iii. 310 (1834). 
 
 51 . Stemolophus Solieri. 
 
 S. ovalis, niger sed obsolete suba;neo-viridi tinctus, nitidus, minutis- 
 sime punctulatus (punctuHs nisi oculo fortiter armato baud obser- 
 vandis) ; capitis linea frontali triarcuata alteraque intra oculos 
 necnon duabus'(antica sc. curvata, sed posticix oblique recta) versus 
 utrumque latus prothoracis, omnibus plus minus irregularibus, 
 punctato-impressis ; prothoracis angulis rotundate obtusis ; elytris 
 seriebus circa 4 punctato-notatis ; antennis piceis, ad basin pal- 
 pisque rufo-testaceis ; pedibus rufo-piceis ; metasternali mucrone 
 ultra coxas posticas producto. — Long. corp. lin, 5. 
 
 Sternolophiis rufipes, Sol. [nee Fab.\ loo. cit. (1834). 
 Solieri, Lap., Hist. Nat. des Col. ii. 54 (1841). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente, et S. lago ; in aquis hinc inde vulgaris. 
 
 The few Sternolophi hitherto recorded appear to be chiefly African, 
 though one is stated to occur in the East Indies. I have little doubt 
 that the present species is the 8. Solieri of Laporte (the rvjtpes of 
 Solier, though apparently not of Fabricius), which is found in Senegal, 
 Egypt*, &c., and which according to Lacordaire is the type of the 
 
 * I possess an Egyptian specimen which (whatsoever it may be) is certainly 
 conspecific with the Cape Verde Sterywlophtis. 
 
46 HYDROPHILID.E. 
 
 genus; yet Erichson, in the enumeration of his supposed "Angolan" 
 Coleoptcra, includes a Sternolophus -which, he identifies with one from 
 Madagascar — namely, Laporte's unicolor. It is of course possible 
 that the species determined by Erichson was truly from Angola, 
 and perhaps therefore truly the unicolor ; nevertheless since so many 
 of the Coleoptera which he assumed to be Angolan were in reality from 
 these islands, and it seems scarcely likely that the collector who so- 
 journed for awhile (en passant) at the Cape Verdes would overlook so 
 large and common an insect as the Sternolophus now under conside- 
 ration, I should be inclined to suspect that it was our present species 
 to which Erichson really alluded, and that he wrongly identified it 
 with the Madagascar S. unicolor (instead of the more northern S. 
 Solieri) through the error which he was led into in having been made 
 to believe that all his material was from Angola. Be this however as 
 it may, I feel satisfied that the Cape Verde StemolopJius is identical 
 with the one from Senegal and Egjqit (namely the Solieri), and not 
 with the unicolor trojn Madagascar*. 
 
 Although, from the scarcity of water during the unusually dry sea- 
 son in which we visited the islands, it was only in S. Yicente and S. 
 lago that we met with this Sternolophus, there can be little doubt 
 that it will be found to permeate the greater portion of the archi- 
 pelago — occurring principally at intermediate altitudes. The speci- 
 mens from S. Yicente (whence likewise it has been communicated 
 by Mr. MiUer) were taken at Madeiralzinho, and the S. lago ones at 
 San Domingos. 
 
 Genus 34. HYDROBIUS. 
 Leach, Zool Miscell. ill. 93 (1817). 
 
 * Sternolophus seems to differ so very slightly from Hydrons that I am doubt- 
 ful whether it ought to be regarded as more than a mere Section of the latter. 
 According to Lacordaire, it embraces merely a few tropical species of the Hydrous- 
 type in which the mentum, although rounded in front, is so bent, or corrugated, 
 in the centre as to cause it at first sight to appear emarginate, and in which also 
 the last joint of the maxillary palpi is longer than the preceding one. In the 
 Cape Verde species, however, the ultimate and penultimate articulations appear 
 to be as nearly as possible of equal length, so that the latter of the above generic 
 conditions can scarcely be worth much ; and yet, unless I am greatly mistaken, 
 this very species is the actual tyjie of the group. Erichson apparently did not ac- 
 knowledge Sternolophus as a distinct genus, for he cited the S. unicolor as an 
 ''Hydrophilu&'' (i.e. Hydrous — as now imderstood) — merely indicating, within 
 brackets, that it belonged to the Sternolophus-^^eSXon.. He also described a new 
 Hydrous (or, as he there calls it, " Hydrophilus "), under the name of H. ango- 
 lensis ; but that one cannot be our present insect, for he not only asserts the fe- 
 mora and tibiae to be black, but likewise the metasternal mucro to be so very short 
 as not to project behind the posterior coxa — whereas in the Cape Verde species 
 it is produced considerably beyond that point. 
 
SPH^RIDIADiE. 47 
 
 52. Hydrobius phalacroides, n. sp. 
 
 H. ovalis, valde convexus, seneo-nigcr, nitidus, ubique dense puncta- 
 tus (punctis in elytris profundis) ; ocidis magnis sed demissis ; pro- 
 thorace ad latera interdum obsolete dilutiore ; elytris singulis linea 
 suturaU antice evanescente impressis; antennis palpisque rufo-tes- 
 taceis, his ad apicem ipsissimum et iLlarum clava fusco-piceis ; pe- 
 dibus rufo-piceis, tarsis vix dilutioribus. 
 
 Varlat interdum obscure viridi tinctus, rarius omnino subniger. — 
 Long. Corp. lin. |-1. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et S. Vicente ; in intermediis, prsecipue ad rapes 
 aquosas, rarissimus. 
 
 The oval outline, very convex body, and more or less Jrassy-black 
 hue of this little Hydrobius (which has sometimes also a slightly 
 greenish tinge, and is rarely, if ever, quite free from a faint metallic 
 lustre), combined with its dense and distinct punctation (especially of 
 the elytra), will sufficiently characterize it. It appears to be exceed- 
 ingly rare, and confined to damp spots of intermediate altitudes, oc- 
 curring principally amongst sodden leaves and refuse on dripping 
 rocks. A single example was taken by Dr. H. Dohm, in the Ribeira 
 de Garga, towards the north of S. Antao ; and I subsequently met with 
 it in the Ribeira da Babosa, in the central district of the same island, 
 as weU as at Madeiralzinho in S. Vicente. 
 
 Fam. 7. SPHiERIDIAD^. 
 
 Genus 35. CYCLONOTUM. 
 (Dejean) Erich., Kdf. der Mark Brand, i. 212 (1837). 
 
 53. Cyclonotum orbiculare. 
 
 Hydrophilus orbicularis, Fab., Ent. Syst. i. 184 (1792). 
 Ocelostoma orbiculare, Brulle, in Webb et Berth. ( Col.) 58 (1838). 
 Cyclonotum orbiculare, Woll., Cat. Cati, Col. 93 (1864). 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 80 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, S. Nicolao, S. lago, et Brava ; in aquis 
 et aquosis, vulgaris. 
 
 The common C. orbiculare wiU doubtless be found universally 
 throughout the Cape Verde archipelago, though hitherto it has been 
 captured only in S. Antao, S. Vicente, S. Nicolao, S. lago, and Brava 
 — in the first of which it was taken by Dr. H. Dohrn, Mr. Gray, and 
 myself, in the second and fourth by Mr. Gray and myself, in S. 
 Nicolao by Mr. Gray, and in Brava by myself. It occurs in most 
 parts of Europe and in northern Africa, and has been reported from 
 
48 svHJERiniAnM. 
 
 Madagascar and the East Indies. I have myself met with it in 
 nearly every island of the Canarian Group ; but it is somewhat sin- 
 gular that, although thus abundant at the Canaries, it has not yet 
 been observed in the Madeiran archipelago. 
 
 Genus 36. DACTYLOSTERNUM. 
 Wollaston, Itis. Mad. 99 (1854). 
 
 54. Dactylosternum abdominale. 
 
 Sphseridium abdominale, Fab., Ent. Syst. i. 79 (1792). 
 Coelostoma abdominale, Brulle, in Webb et Berth. (Col.) 58 (1838). 
 Dactylosternum Roussetii, WolL, Ins. Mad. 99, tab. iii. f. 1 (1854). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 32 (1857). 
 
 abdominale. Id., Cat. Can. Col. 94 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 80 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. lago, et Brava ; sub quisquiliis (praesertim humidis, putri- 
 dis) in intermediis, rarissimum. 
 
 The wide-spread D. ahchminale, which is not uncommon at low 
 elevations in the Madeiran and Canarian Groups, has been observed 
 hitherto but sparingly at the Cape Verdes — where it occurs beneath 
 putrid vegetable substances, in damp spots of intermediate altitudes. 
 I have taken it at S** Catharina in the interior of S. lago, and under 
 a rotten Banana-stem, close to the Povoa^ao, in Brava. It is an 
 insect of Mediterranean latitudes, but which has acquired a wide geo- 
 graphical range — being reported from Madagascar, Bourbon, and the 
 East Indies ; and I possess examples of it which were found by the 
 late Mr. Bewicke in St. Helena. 
 
 Genus 37. CERCYON. 
 
 Leach, Zool. Miseell. iii. 95 (1817). 
 
 55. Cercyon fimicola, n. sp. 
 
 C. ovale ; capite prothoraceque sat profunde et dense punctatis, illo 
 nigro, hoc rufo-ferrugineo ; elytris parum profunde punctato-stri- 
 atis, interstitiis subconvexis necnon minute punctatis, rufo-ferru- 
 gineis, saepius in disco postico obsolete subfasciato-nebulosis ; au- 
 tennis palpisque elongatis, testaceis, illarum clava magna obovata 
 ferruginea ; pedibus piceo-testaceis. — Long. corp. lin. 1-1 1. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. lago, et Brava ; stercus bovinum in intermediis 
 inferioribusque colens. 
 
 A pale and oval (or somewhat oblong) Cercyon which is a little, at 
 first sight, on the common C. quisquilium type, though in reality 
 totally distinct in all its characters. It may be known by its head 
 
sph;i:ridiad.e. 49 
 
 being black, whilst the rest of the surface is more or less rufo-ferru- 
 ginous, though generally with a very obscure and ill-defined cloudy 
 fascia across the posterior disk of its elytra, which is suffused in front 
 but more traceable (or abruptly bounded) behind. Its entire surface 
 is densely and distinctly punctured, its elytral striae are deeper, and 
 the interstices more convex, than is the case in the Q. quisquilium, 
 and its antennae and palpi are (if anything) longer — the club of the 
 former, also, being a little larger- and more obovate. 
 
 The C.fimicola appears to be widely spread over the Cape Verde 
 archipelago, where I suspect that it will be found ultimately to be 
 universal — occurring principally in the dung of cattle, at rather low 
 and intermediate altitudes. I have captured it at Tarrafal, as well 
 as in the Ribeira da Babosa, of S. Antao ; near the Villa da Praia, and 
 at San Domingos, in S. lago ; and in the Ribeira do Sorno, in Brava ; 
 and in S. Antao it was met with likewise by Dr. H. Dohrn. 
 
 56. Cercyon putricola, n. sp. 
 
 C. rotundato-obovatam, nigrum ; capite prothoraceque profunde et 
 dense punctatis, hoc ad latera vix dilutiore ; elj'tris valde profunde 
 punctato-striatis, interstitiis valde convexis necnon minute et parce 
 punctulatis, ad apicem (necnon obscurius per latera) saturate tes- 
 taceis ; antennis palpisque elongatis testaceis, illarum clava elon- 
 gatafusco-ferrugineii ; pedibus rufo-piceis.— Long. corp. lin. vix l^. 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; sub quisquiliis in aquosis intermediis, rarior. 
 
 So far as observed hitherto, this appears to be a much rarer Cercyon 
 than the last one, and to occur principally beneath decaying vege- 
 table refuse in damp, marshy spots of intermediate altitudes. It was 
 taken by Mr. Gray and myself in the interior of S. lago — namely, in 
 the Ribeira dos Orgaos and at S'" Catharina. It is larger, broader, 
 and more rounded than the last species ; and it is altogether 
 black — except the limbs and the apex of the elytra, and usually 
 also (though more obscurely) the lateral margins of the elytra and 
 prothorax. Its head and prothorax are densely and distinctly punc- 
 tured ; its elytra have their striae very coarse and deep, but the inter- 
 stices minutely and sparingly punctulated ; and the basal (obconic) 
 joint of the antennal club is longer than that of the C.fimicola. 
 
 Genus 38. CRYPTOPLEURUM. 
 
 Mulsant, Palpic. de France, 188(1844). 
 
 57. Crypt opleurum sulcatum, n. sp. 
 
 C. subrotundatum, ferrugineum, subnitidum, parce et breviter fulvo 
 
50 CYBOCEPHALID.'E. 
 
 pubescens ; capite prothoraceqiie dense et pi'ofunde punctatis, illo 
 nigrescentiore depresso, fronte iu medio leviter canaliculata, hoc ad 
 latera ipsissima (iu medio) angulato ; elytris apice paulo dilutio- 
 ribus, valde profundo et grosse crenato-siilcatis, interstitiis (praeser- 
 tim postice) alte costatis ac minute seriatim creuulatis ; antennis 
 (clava feriTiginea exeeptci), palpis pedibusque plus minus piceo-tes- 
 taceis. — Long. corp. lin. |. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et S. lago ; sub quisquiliis in humidis et aquosis 
 (minus frequens in stercore), rarissimum. 
 
 In the proportions of its 9-jointed antennae, the curious little insect 
 described above is identical, not merely with Cercyon, but likewise 
 with the other groups immediately allied to the latter ; nevertheless 
 the structure of its prosternum and tibiae, and (above all) the angu- 
 lated edges of its prothorax, at once assign it to Cryptopleurum — with 
 which it further agrees in its minutely and sparingly fulvo-pubescent 
 surface, and the general character of its sculpture (which however is 
 c/reatly exaggerated as compared with that of the common European 
 C. atomarium). But specifically it is marvellously distinct from the 
 atomarium, — being not only a little smaller, rounder, and paler, but 
 with its prothorax relatively a trifle shorter and more convex, its fore- 
 head channelled, and its sculpture coarser (the elytra being very much 
 more deeply crenate-sulcate, with their interstices immensely more 
 convex — being raised, especially behind, into greatly elevated costae). 
 
 The C. sulcatum seems to be one of the rarest of the Cape Verde 
 Coleoptera, occurring jirincipally beneath wet vegetable refuse in damp 
 spots of rather low and intermediate altitudes. Nevertheless it is found 
 occasionally in the dung of cattle also. I met with it at Tarrafal in 
 the south of S. Antao; as weU as in the Ribeira dos Orgaos, and at S*? 
 Catharina, in S. lago — in the last of which localities it was captured 
 likewise by Mr. Gray. 
 
 Fam. 8. CYBOCEPHALID^. 
 
 Genus 39. CYBOCEPHALUS. 
 
 Erichaon, in Germ. Zeitsch. v. 441 (1844). 
 
 58. Cybocephalus nitens, n. sp. 
 
 C. globoso-ovalis, ater, nitidissimus (nullo modo alutaceus) et ubique 
 punctulis minutissimis (nisi oculo fortiter armato baud observandis) 
 parce irroratus ; antennis pedibusque breviusculis, fusco-testaceis, 
 ill arum articulo ultimo valde truncato sed baud brevissimo. — Long. 
 Corp. lin. |-|. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et ro2:o ; in intermediis rarissimus. 
 
CORYLOPHTD.E. 51 
 
 Judging from the very few examples which I have yet seen of this 
 little globose Cyhocephalns, it appears to be just perceptibly larger and 
 wider than the Madeiran and Canarian C. sphoirula, of a still more 
 intense black, and totally free (even when viewed beneath the micro- 
 scope) from any appearance of the alutaceous sculpture which is so con- 
 spicuous in that species. Its prothorax, also, seems to be almost en- 
 tirely concolorous at the edges (if not indeed quite so) ; its minute 
 punctules are even finer, and a trifle more remote ; and the last joint 
 of its antennal club, although equally truncated at the apex, is very 
 perceptibly longer. Some of these distinctive characters are more in 
 accordance with those of the O. Icevis (which I captured in Lanzarote, 
 one of the eastern islands of the Canarian Group) ; but that insect, 
 which is apparently a trifle smaller, has its prothorax quite impunc- 
 tate, but the punctules of its elytra as evident as those of the sphcerula. 
 Of the two, however, I should say that it is more allied to the Icevis ; 
 and it seems to be identical with an unnamed species in my collection 
 which was found by the late Mr. Melly in Egypt, but totally distinct 
 from a larger and more elongated one (with porrected anterior angles 
 to its greatly developed prothorax) which was captured by Mr. Bew- 
 icke at the Cape of Good Hope, and which may perhaps be the C. 
 elongatulus of Boheman. 
 
 The C nifens was taken by Mr. Gray in the Ribeii-a Fria, and the 
 Bibeira da Babosa, of S. Autao, and by myself at the Mcmte Nucho in 
 Fogo. 
 
 Fam. 9. CORYLOPHID^. 
 
 Genus 40. ARTHROLIPS. 
 WoUaston, Ins. Mad. 475 (1854). 
 
 59. Arthrolips testudinalis, n. sp. 
 
 A. obovato-ovalis,convexus, infuscate rubido-ferrugineus, minutissime 
 crebre punctulatus ac dense sed demisse fulvo-pubescens ; protho- 
 race fere semicirculari, angulis posticis fere rectis, in limbo (basali 
 excepto) gradatim magis testaceo ac subpellucido, per basin in me- 
 dio "obsolete transversim impresso ; ely tris rubido-ferrugineis sed 
 (apice excepto) per marginem lateralem et suturam (praesertim 
 circa scutellum) late et gradatim obscurioribus, aut nigro nebulosis, 
 adapicem singulatim subrotundatis ; an tennis (brevibus) pedibusque 
 testaceis. — Long. corp. lin. g-f. 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; sub cortice arido laxo emortuo Fid magnae prolapsae 
 indigenae in intermediis copiose deprehensus. 
 
 The present Arfhrolipx is rather larger than the generality of the 
 
 e2 
 
52 CORYLOPHID^. 
 
 few kuown species of that little group ; and it is further distinguished 
 by the peculiar colour of its elytra — which are usually of a clear red- 
 dish-ferruginous hue, hut gradually clouded (or blackened) towards 
 either lateral margin, as well as around the scutellary region and along 
 the suture (the dai-ker portions, however, terminating at some little 
 distance before they reach the apex). The gradual blending of these 
 two tints imparts a somewhat tortoiseshell-like hue to the elytra, 
 which in the more highly coloured examples might be described (at 
 first sight) as black, with an oblique, longitudinal reddish-ferruginous 
 dash down each of them — becoming gradually broader posteriorly, 
 imtil they coalesce at the apex (which is consequently altogether free 
 from cloudy markings). Its prothorax is but a very slightly smaller 
 segment than a semicircle, and (as in the other species) pale and sub- 
 pellucid anteriorly — merely the basal portion and disk being much 
 darkened ; and it has an obsolete impressed line across the centre be- 
 hind. The entire upper surface is densely and minutely punctulated, 
 and clothed with a rather coarse and short, but very decumbent, seri- 
 ceous, golden-fulvescent pile. It is perfectly distinct from the com- 
 paratively small and anteriorly attenuated^. o6scitn<s (which occurs 
 in southern Europe and in Madeira), as well as from the Madeiran 
 A. cequalis{i\ie intermediate antennal joints of which are very remark- 
 able) ; and, judging from the diagnosis, it seems sufficiently removed 
 likewise from Duval's A. rufitliorax (from the south of France) — in 
 which the elytra, except at the palish apex, are concolorous. In the pro- 
 portions of its (10-jointed) antennae it agrees best with the 'piceum — 
 though the seventh, oranteclaval, articulation is perceptibly larger than 
 is the case in that species, and forms so completely a little basal portion 
 of the club itself that the latter mightalmostbe regarded as 4-jointed*. 
 The A. testudinalis has been observed hitherto only in the interior 
 of S. lago — where I captured it abundantly beneath the dead and 
 loosened bark of a gigantic native fig-tree, which had been recently 
 felled, in the Ribeira dos Orgaos. 
 
 Genus 41 . ORTHOPERUS. 
 
 Stephens, III. Brit. EM. ii. 186 (1829). 
 
 * In the A. teshidinaUs the first and second antennal joints (especially the for- 
 mer) are elongate and robust, the third is very considerably smaller and shorter, 
 and subcylindric. the fourth and fifth are extremely minute, the sixth is a trifle 
 wider but even shorten- still (its length being only just appreciable beneath a high 
 power of the microscope), the seventh, although small, is considerably larger, and 
 obconic, and so closely applied to the following one as almost to constitute a basal 
 portion of the largely-developed .'>-articulated club. 
 
CORYLOPHID.iC. 53 
 
 60. Orthoperus atomarius. 
 
 Pithophilus atomarius, Heer, Fna Col. Ilehi. 433 (1841). 
 Orthoperus atomarius, IFulL, Cat. Mad. Col. 145, fig. 3 (1857). 
 , Id., Col. All. 93 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; a Dom. Gray in domo quadam ad Madeiralziuho 
 semel lectns. 
 
 A single example of this very minute insect, which occurs (gene- 
 rally on the inner walls of old and neglected houses, outhouses, cel- 
 lars, &c.) in central and southern Europe, and which I captured also 
 in Madeira, was taken by Mr. Gray, in the house of G. K. Kendall, 
 Esq., at Madeiralzinho, in S. Vicente ; but it is the only specimen 
 which I have yet seen from these islands. From its pale, rufo-tes- 
 taceous hue and diminutive size, it might at first sight be almost mis- 
 taken for one of the smallest examples of the Sericoderus lateralis ; 
 nevertheless, apart from its generic characters (the more conspicuous 
 of which are the different proportions of its nivie-jointed antennae, and 
 the almost unproduced hinder angles of its totally different prothorax), 
 it may easily be recognized, on a closer inspection, by its glabrous and 
 more highly poUshed surface, distinct but remote punctation, and more 
 regularly oval, or rounded-oval, outline. 
 
 Genus 42. SERICODERUS. 
 
 Stephens, III. Brit. Ent. ii. 187 (1829). 
 
 61. Sericoderus lateralis. 
 
 Cossyphus lateralis {Meg.), Gyll., Ins. Suec. iv. 516 (1827). 
 Sericoderus lateralis, JVoll., Ins. Mad. 478 (1854). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 142 (1857). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 431 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 95 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, S. lago, et Brava ; sub quisquihis, vul- 
 garis. 
 
 The common European 6'. lateralis, which abounds in the Madeiran 
 and Canarian Groups, and which was captured by the late Mr. Bew- 
 icke even at the Cape of Good Hope, occurs at nearly all elevations 
 in the Cape Verde archijielago — from the sea-level to the summits of 
 the mountains. It is found under vegetable refuse, and was taken by 
 Mr. Gray and myself in S. Antao, S. Vicente, S. lago, and Brava. 
 Some of the examples (indeed the majority of them) from these islands 
 are so small, compared with others which correspond with the more 
 n orthern type, that, before an accurate examination, I had imagined 
 
54 PTILIAD^. 
 
 that two species must certainly be included amongst the extensive 
 series which is now before me ; but, after inspecting the latter with 
 great care, and comparing the antennae of the most extreme indivi- 
 duals beneath the microscope, I can detect no difference except size 
 between even the largest and the smallest of them ; and since more- 
 over the states seem to merge into each other by imperceptible degrees, 
 I conclude, merely, that it is the tendency of the species to attain on 
 the average a more diminutive stature in the Cape Verde Group than 
 is usually the case elsewhere. 
 
 Fam. 10. PTILIAD^. 
 
 Genus 43. ACROTRICHIS. 
 Motschulsky, Bull, de Mosc. xxi. ^yOO [script. Acratrichis] (1848). 
 
 62. Acrotrichis invisibilis. 
 
 Trichopteryx invi^bilis, Kiehio; A7ni. Nat. Hist. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et S. lago ; sub quisquiliis in humidis, hinc inde 
 vulgaris. 
 
 The excessively diminutive size of this almost microscopic insect, 
 which is the only member of the Ptiliad<e hitherto detected in the 
 Cape Verdes, will prevent its being confounded with anything else 
 with which we have here to do. But, apart from its infinitesimal 
 dimensions (for it does not measure a quarter of a line in length), it 
 may be further recognized by its oblong outline, the almost unproduced 
 hinder angles of its prothorax, its dull, brownish-black hue (the api- 
 cal portion of the elytra, however, being gradually diluted, or testa- 
 ceous), its densely cinereo-pubescent surface, and its very pallid 
 limbs. Although captured as yet in only two of the islands, it will 
 probably be found to be generally spread over the archipelago ; but 
 its minute size naturally renders it very liable to escape notice. It 
 occurs beneath damp vegetable refuse in wet spots of rather low and 
 intermediate altitudes, especially amongst detritus deposited on the 
 moist rocks by the small trickling streams. In such situations I met 
 with it (chiefly by sifting) at Tarrafal, and in the Eibeira Fria, of S. 
 Antao ; and subsequently, in great profusion, in the Orgaos ravine, 
 in the interior of S. lago — in which latter island it was also taken (at 
 S** Catharina) by Mr. Gray. 
 
 I am informed by the Rev. A. Matthews that it is unquestionably 
 conspeeific with the invisibilis of Nietner ; and, this being the case, 
 it would appear to be an insect of a very wide geographical range — 
 
PHALACR1D.«. 55 
 
 that species having been recorded hitherto onlj' from central North 
 America and Ceylon ! 
 
 Fam. 11. PHALACRIDiE. 
 
 Genus 44. PHALACRUS. 
 
 PaykuU, Fna Sitec. iii. 438 (1800). 
 
 63. Phalacrus aterrimus, n. sp. 
 
 P. rotundato-ovalis, convexus, ater, nitidissimus ; capite minute levi- 
 ter punctulato ; prothorace fere impunctato (oculo fortissime ar- 
 mato punctulis subtilissimis parce irrorato); elytris levissime punc- 
 tulato-substriatis, interstitiis obsolete subseriatim punctulatis ; an- 
 tennis testaceo-piceis, clava vix obscuriore (art" ult° longiusculo 
 ovali, nee longissimo) ; pedibus rufo-piceis, tarsis latiusculis et praeter 
 apicem testaceoribus. — Long. corp. lin. I-I3. 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente, S. lago, et Brava ; in intermediis editioribusque 
 late diffusus. 
 
 Obs. — P. corusco prima facie simillimus, sed differt antennis pedi- 
 busque plus minus rufo-piceis (nee nigris), iUis sensim brevioribus 
 articulo ultimo ovali, conspicue minus elongato, tarsis latioribus, 
 prothorace fere impunctato (oculo fortissime armato punctulis etiam 
 subtilioribus ac multo magis remotis irrorato), elytris (ut in P. 
 grosso) magis evidenter (sed tamen le\dssime) punctulato-substri- 
 atis, punctulis in interstitiis remotioribus, magis distinctis, ac sub- 
 seriatim dispositis. 
 
 The present Phalacrus bears such a stTongprimd facie resemblance 
 to the common P. coruscus of more northern latitudes that, until care- 
 fully examined, I had regarded it as identical with that species ; and 
 there seemed a still further probability that this would be the case, 
 from the fact that the P. coruscus is universal throughout the Canarian 
 archipelago. In reality however it is nearer to the European P. 
 (jrossus, with which indeed in the peculiarity of its elytral sculpture 
 it is almost coincident ; nevertheless it differs both from that insect 
 and the coruscus in its limbs being invariably of a more or less pale 
 rufo-piceous, or even piceo-testaceous, hue (instead of black), in its 
 feet being broader, and in its antennce being perceptibly shorter, with 
 their apical joint conspicuously less elongated. Its prothorax, too, 
 is nearly impunctate — the highest magnifyiug-power bringing to light 
 only some very diminutive punctules, which are even smaller still, 
 and considerabJy moveremote, than those o£th.e P. grossus and coruscus. 
 
 The /-*. aterrimus does not appear to be common ; but it is nevertheless 
 
56 PHALACRID.i:. 
 
 widely distributed over the Cape Verde islands, where it occurs at 
 intermediate and lofty altitudes. I captured it on the summit of Monte 
 Verde, in S. Vicente ; and it was taken by Mr. Gray and myself at 
 San Domingos and S'* Catharina, in the interior of S. lago, as well as 
 on the mountains above the Povoagao in Brava. From S. Vicente it 
 has also been communicated by Mr. Miller. 
 
 Genus 45. OLIBRUS. 
 
 Erichson, Nat. der Ins. Deutsch. iii. 113 (1845). 
 
 G4. Olibrus gemma, n. sp. 
 
 0. ovalis, convexus, piceo-niger, obsolete subseneo tinctus, nitidissi- 
 mus ; capite prothoraceque minute, leviter et parce punctulatis, 
 hoc versus angulos posticos sensim paulo dilutiore ; elytris leviter 
 punctulato-substriatis, interstitiis minutissime subirregulariter 
 punctulatis ; antennis pedibusquc testaceis. — Long. corp. lin. |. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et S. Vicente; in intermediis editioribusque raris- 
 simus. 
 
 A small Olibrus which may be recognized by its regularly oval out- 
 line, its almost concolorous, piceous-black (though slightly brassy) 
 hue, and its exceedingly fine and light sculpture — its elj'tral striae 
 being very faint and minutely punctulated, while the punctules of its 
 interstices are still more diminutive, and ii'regularly dispersed (having 
 but little, if indeed any, tendency to arrange themselves in longitu- 
 dinal rows). It appears to be very rare, and confined to intermediate 
 and lofty altitudes. A single example of it was beaten by Mr. Gray 
 from a bush of Artemisia gorcjonnm, in the Eibeira Fria of S. An- 
 tao ; and it was likewise captured by him, as well as by myself, on 
 the summit of Monte Verde in S. Vicente. 
 
 65. Olibrus notatus, n. sp. 
 
 0. oblongo-ovalis, convexus, rufo-piceus, nitidissimus ; capite pro- 
 thoraceque minutissime, levissime et sat parce punctulatis ; elytris 
 lateraliter subcompressis, apiee gradatim rufescentioribus, seriatim 
 (vix substriatim) punctulatis (punctulis sat magnis sed levibus, sub- 
 remotis, paulo subasperatis, et oculo fortissimo armato fere quasi 
 tripartitis), interstitiis impunctatis ; antennis pedibusque testaceis, 
 illarum clava vix minus abrupta. — Long. corp. lin. |. 
 
 Habitat S. lago; in intermediis rarissimus. 
 
 The rufo-piceous, or almost chestnut, hue of this very small Olibrus, 
 in conjunction with its somewhat laterally-compressed, slightly-ob- 
 
PHALACRIDyE. 57 
 
 long, outline, and the peculiar sculpture of its elytra (which have their 
 punctures, although exceedingly shallow, comparatively large and re- 
 mote, and arranged in longitudinal rows, whilst the interstices seem to 
 be quite impunctate) wiU readily distinguish it *. It is apparently as 
 scarce as, or perhaps scarcer than, the last species — the only examples 
 which I have yet seen (three in number) having been captured by 
 myself in the interior of S. lago, namely in the liibeira dos Orgaos. 
 
 Genus 40. LITHOCRUS. 
 Erichson, Xat. do- Im. Deutsch. iii. 108 (1845). 
 
 66. Lithocrus pallidus, n. sp. 
 
 L. ovalis, convexus, rufo-testaceus, uitidus ; capite levissime obso- 
 letissime punctulato ; prothorace elytrisque fere impunctatis (oculo 
 fortissime armato subtilissime parce punctulatis), his leviter stria- 
 tis, interstitiis lineolis subtilibus remotis transversim subreticu- 
 losis ; antennis (subrobustis), palpis pedibusque testaceis. — Long. 
 Corp. lin. 1-1 5. 
 
 "Habitat S. lago ; sub cortice Fid cujusdam laxo arido iu intermediis 
 inferioribusque deprehensus. 
 
 It is just possible that this pale Phalacridmaybe Fabricius's Sphceri- 
 clium testaceum, on which Erichson subsequently founded the genus 
 Lithocrus; but as the original "diagnosis" is comprised in three 
 yvor^s.(^^ testaceum, capite ohscuriore^''),\t\?: of course utterly impossible, 
 Avithout examining his type, even to conjecture what it is that he 
 meant to characterize. Erichson, however, must at any rate have 
 inspected it, for otherwise he could not have established a new group 
 for its reception ; and it would appear that the Eabrician species, 
 whatsoever it may be, is from the "West-Indian island of St. Thomas. 
 Nevertheless the genus does not seem to be an exclusively American 
 one, for the few known representatives of it are from southern coun- 
 tries far removed from each other — such as the West Indies, Mada- 
 gascar, and Van Diemen's Land ; so that the Cape Yerde archipelago 
 is not an improbable region for the discovery of an additional expo- 
 nent. The Lithocri, however, would appear merely to be Olihri which 
 have their feet slenderer than is the case in the normal species, and 
 
 * The elytral punctures of the 0. notatus are very peculiar — appearing, when 
 viewed beneath the microscope, to be not only somewhat obliquely impinged (or, 
 as it were, subasperate on their upper edge), but likewise composed, each of them, 
 of three converging (or, perhaps, rather, anteriorly-confluent) infinitesimal lines, 
 or impressions, as in the genera Gleeosoma, Moronillus, and Microstagetus, oi the 
 Corylophidee. 
 
58 NlTIDULIDyE. 
 
 with the first joint of the hinder pair greatly lengthened (and conse- 
 quently very much longer than the second one) — instead of being ab- 
 breviated (as in Olibrus proper), and considerahhj shorter than the 
 next. Although these characters might well be regarded, at first 
 sight, as insuflicient for generic purposes, yet, I may add, they are so 
 pronounced and conspicuous that I am inclined to think they are 
 really and truly significant ones. 
 
 The L. paUidus was taken abundantly by Mr. Gray and myself in 
 S. lago, near the Villa da Praia and in the Eibeira dos Orgaos — in 
 both instances beneath the dry and loosened bark of a large native 
 fig-tree, which had been recently felled*. 
 
 Fam. 12. NITIDULID^. 
 
 Genus 47. CARPOPHILUS. 
 (Leach) Steph., III. Brit. Ent. iii. 50 (1830). 
 
 67. CarpopMlus hemipterus. 
 
 Dermestes hemipterus, Linn., Syst. Nat. ii. 567 (1767). 
 Carpophilus hemipterus, WolL, Ins. Mad. 117 (1854). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 38 (1857). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. Ill (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl 108 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; sub cortice arboris cujusdam laxo arido emortuo, 
 juxta Villa da Praia, lectus. 
 
 The wide-spread G. hemipterus, which is so eminently liable to 
 become introduced into most civilized countries through the medium 
 of commerce, seems to have established itself in the low and inhabited 
 parts of the Cape Verde archipelago, as it has done in the Madeiras 
 and Canaries. At any rate it was taken by Mr. Gray and myself, 
 close to the Villa da Praia, in S. lago — under the diy bark of a felled 
 tree (I believe, a Fig) in the Palm-grove adjoining the eastern out- 
 skirts of the town. 
 
 68. Carpophilus mutilatus. 
 
 C. subeylindrico-oblongus, rufo-ferrugiueus (capite prothoraceque in 
 disco, elytris postice abdomineque plus minus obscure saturatis), 
 
 * I possess an insect, taken by the late Mr. Melly in Egypt, which bears a 
 most striking prima facie resemblance (in size, outline, and colour) to the L. 
 pallidus ; but its elytral stria are obsolete, and its antennal club is distinctlvybwr- 
 jointed. Although I have not examined it structurally, I nevertheless believe 
 that it is either a Lifhocrus or an Olibrus in which the eighth articulation of the 
 antennse is unusually enlarged. 
 
NITIDULID^. 59 
 
 parce sericeo pubescens, profunde et crebre punctatu8 ; prothorace 
 subquadi-ato ; elytris ad latera subparallelis. — Long. corp. lin. l|-2. 
 
 Nitidula hemiptera, Fab. [nee Linn., 1767], Ent. Syst. i. 261 (1792). 
 Carpophilus mutilatus (^Hoffm.), Erich., in Germ. Zeitsch. iv. 258 
 (1843). 
 
 , WolL, Ins. Mad. 116 (1854). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 38 (1857). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 107 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et S. lago ; vel in mercatorum repositoriis vel in 
 frugibns emortuis putridis, pr'aesertim Citri aurantii, Linn., hinc 
 inde abundans. 
 
 I have given a short diagnosis of this Cm-popMlus and the follow- 
 ing one, in order to call attention to the few points in which they 
 differ from each other ; for occasional darkish examples of the former 
 bear so strong a prima facie resemblance to unnaturally large and 
 palish ones of the latter as to render it, at first sight, a little doubtful 
 whether they are specifically distinct. I beheve, however, such to be 
 the case ; for, although both species are eminently variable in size 
 and hue, I have never, myself, found much practical difficulty in 
 separating them. On the average, the G. mutilatus may be said to be a 
 larger and much paler insect than its ally, and to have its elytra re- 
 latively longer, a trifle less convex, and just appreciably straighter, 
 or more parallel, at the sides (being rather less drawn-in at their 
 apex). Like the C. dimidiatus it is a wide-spread species — being 
 liable to introduction, more or less, through the medium of commerce, 
 into most civilized countries. In the Cape Verde archipelago it has 
 completely established itself (as is the case with it also in Madeira), 
 where we may expect that it will be found, sooner or later, to be uni- 
 versal. Hitherto, however, it has been met with only in S. Antao 
 and S. lago — namely, in the former by Dr. H. Dohrn, Mr. Gray, and 
 myself, and by Mr. Gray and myself in the latter. It occurs in vari- 
 ous situations, not only in the towns (where it is found amongst the 
 dried Physic-nuts, Indian corn, and other fruits), but likewise at in- 
 termediate altitudes in the open country — where it seems more par- 
 ticularly attached to the decayed Oranges which are left to rot be- 
 neath the trees. 
 
 69. Carpophilus dimidiatus. 
 
 C. plei-uraque panic minor, subangustior, pubescentior et obscurior 
 (sc. plus minus fusco-niger, elytris versus humeros atque in disco 
 saepius obhque dilutioribus) ; elytris sensim brevioribus ac magis 
 convexis, ad latera paulo minus parallelis (i. e. ad apicem sensim 
 
60 MOXOTO.MIO.K. 
 
 magis iucurvis) ; abdomine vix longiore, vix acutiore. — Long, corp. 
 lin. 11-11. 
 
 Nitidiila diinidiata, Fah., Ent. Syd. i. 261 (1792). 
 
 Cai-pophilus dimidiatus, Erich., in (renn. Zeitsch. iv. 2o9 (1848). 
 
 auropilosus, WolL, Ins. Mad. 117 (1854). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Mad. Col :i8 (1857). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. Ill (1804). 
 
 dimidiatus, Id., Col. Atl. 107 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Yicente, S. lago, Fogo, et Brava ; in locis plus 
 minus similibus ac praecedens. 
 
 The nearly cosmopolitan C. dimidiatus (which has established itself 
 in the Madeiran and Canarian Groups) occurs in similar places, at the 
 Cape Verdes, as the last species — with which indeed it is often found 
 in company. However I think perhaps that, on the whole, it prefers 
 the lowest and hottest districts — in which it may often be met with, 
 not only amongst dried fruits and nuts, but even under the dropjiings 
 of cattle ; whereas the mutilatus (though almost equally plastic in its 
 habits) is more particularly partial to the rotten Oranges which fre- 
 quently strew the ground beneath the large trees in certain cultivated 
 spots of intermediate elevations. I have taken it in S. Antao, S. 
 Vicente, S. lago, Fogo, and Brava ; in the second and third of which 
 it was met with likewise by Mr. Gray. 
 
 As already imphed, the C. dimidiatus is on the average smaller and 
 darker than the mutilatus, as also just appreciably narrower, and with 
 its abdomen somewhat more produced (or lengthened out) behind ; 
 its pubescence is perhaps a trifle coarser, or at aiay rate more appa- 
 rent ; and its elytra are relatively a little shorter, more convex, and, 
 if anything, less parallel at the sides (being sensibly drawn- or nipped- 
 in at their apex). 
 
 Fam. 13. MONOTOMID^. 
 
 Genus 48. MONOTOMA. 
 Herhst, Natursyst. v. (1793). 
 
 70. Monotoma spinicollis. 
 
 Monotonia spiuicollis, Aube,Ann. de la Sac. Ent. do France, 463 (1837). 
 
 spiiiifera, Woll, Cat. Mad. Col. 67 (1857). 
 
 spinicoHis, Id., Cat. Can. Col. 123 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 118 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; sub quisquiliis in intermediis exemplaria duo ceju. 
 Of the European M. spinicollis (which occurs iii the Madeiran and 
 
endophl(eid;e. 61 
 
 Canarian Groups) I have seen hitherto but two examples from these 
 islands. They were both of them taken by myself, beneath decaying 
 vegetable refuse, in the interior of S. lago — namely, at San Domingos, 
 and close to the Boa Entrada of S''' Catharina. 
 
 Fam. 14. ENDOPHLCEID^. 
 
 Genns 49. SYNCHYTA. 
 Hellwig, in Schneid. Mag. 401 [script. Synchita'] (1792). 
 
 71. Synchjrta impressa, n. sp. 
 
 S. parallelo-oblonga, angustula, vel nigro-picea vel fusco-nigra, setis 
 brevissimis squamuliformibus crassis subdemissis cinereis(in elytris 
 seriatim dispositis) vestita ; capite prothoraceque dense et rugose 
 punctatis(punctis satmagnis et prima facie tubereula simulantibus), 
 hoc transverso-subquadrato, angiilis posticis subreetis, anticis valde 
 porrectis, ad latera (anguste subferruginea) aequaliter vix rotun- 
 dato, mox pone margin em anticum linetl profunda arguta transver- 
 sim impresso ; elytris punctato- (vix subcrenato-) striatis, in in- 
 terstitiis seriatim punctatis, utrinque ad basin intra humeros ssepius 
 obsolete rufescentioribus ; antennis pedibusque brevibus, rufo- vel 
 piceo-testaceis. — Long. corp. lin. 1-1|. 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; sub cortice Fici cujusdam arido laxo in intermediis 
 copiose reperta. 
 
 The rather narrow and parallel- oblong outHne, dull brownish-black 
 hue, abbreviated rufo-testaceous limbs, and rough, dense sculpture of 
 this insect (the surface of which is beset wdth short and thick cine- 
 reous scale-like setae, which on the elytral interstices are arranged in 
 longitudinal rows), together with the deep transverse line with which 
 its squarish prothorax is branded immediately behind the front edge, 
 will suffice to distinguish it. After dissecting it with great care, I 
 feel satisfied that it is a true Synchyta — its 10-articulated antennae 
 (with their extremely solid, though rather compressed, one-jointed 
 club), approximated hinder coxse, largely developed wings, and tetra- 
 merous feet, no less than the exact structure of its apicallj-entire 
 mandibles, its rounded upper lip, its triangular but anteriorly truncate 
 and subemarginated mentum, its transverse, corneous ligula, and the 
 rather long but somewhat fusiform-ovate last joint of its maxillary 
 and labial palpi, being all in accordance with the type of that genus. 
 
 The S. impressa was taken, in profusion, by myself, in the interior 
 of S. lago — under the dry and loosened bark of a gigantic native fig- 
 
62 ENDOPHLOEin.E. 
 
 tree, which had been felled, in the Ribeira dos Orgaos. It is rather 
 smaller, and more oval, than the S.juglandis ; its sculpture is appre- 
 ciably finer, its prothorax is a little less straightened and much less 
 coarsely crenated, at the sides, and with the angles less rounded-oflf 
 (the anterior ones being exceedingly porrect, and the basal ones right 
 angles), and its limbs are paler. 
 
 72, Synchyta crenicollis, n. sp. 
 
 /S*. subparallelo-elongata, angustula, rufo-ferruginea, setis brevibus 
 squamuliformibus crassis subdemissis (in elytris seriatim dispositis) 
 parce vestita ; capite paulo obscuriore prothoraceque dense et ru- 
 gose punetatis (punctis magnis et prima facie tubercula simulan- 
 tibus), hoc subquadrato, angidis ipsis posticis rectis, anticis por- 
 rectis, ad latera (grosse crenata) mox ante angulos posticos subito 
 excavato, anterius vix rotundato, mox pone marginem anticum 
 linea fere (in medio omnino) obsoleta impresso ; elytris argute cre- 
 nato-striatis, in interstitiis remote seriatim punetatis. — Long. corp. 
 Hn. 1|. 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; sub cortice laxo arido juxta oppidulum Villa da 
 Praia specimen unicum coUegit Dom. Gray. 
 
 Obs. — Species praecedente paulo major ac pallidior (sed an semper 
 rufo-ferruginea ?) setisque sensim minus brevibus remotioribusque 
 irrorata, prothorace paulo longiore (minus transverso), utrinque ad 
 angulos posticos (rectos) subito minute excavato, per latera grosse 
 crenato, necnon linea antica transversa fere (omnino in medio) ob- 
 soleta, elytris argutius crenato-striatis et in interstitiis parcius 
 seriatim punetatis. 
 
 The single specimen from which the above diagnosis has been drawn 
 was captured by Mr. Gray in S. lago — beneath the bark of a feUed 
 tree, in the Palm-grove adjoining the eastern outskirts of the Villa 
 da Praia. Until I had examined it carefully I concluded that it was 
 but a large and ferruginous variety of the S. impressa, which I sub- 
 sequently found in great profusion (under the bark of a native fig) at 
 a higher elevation in the interior of the same island ; but a critical 
 inspection brings to light an abundance of distinctive characters which 
 separate it entirely from that species. Thus, it is not only larger and 
 paler than the impressa, and with its minute scale-like setae more re- 
 mote and a trifle less abbreviated, but its prothorax is exceedingly 
 diff"erent — being longer (or less transverse), with the line behind the 
 anterior margin nearly obsolete, the anterior angles less porrect, and 
 (above all) with the sides coarsely crenated and suddenly scooped-out, 
 or narrowed, immediately in front of the basal angles, which are 
 
ENDOPHLtEIDJE. 63 
 
 themselves consequently right angles. Its elytral sculpture, also, is 
 not quite the same as that of the impressa — the striae being more 
 sharply deiined and crenated, and the interstitial punctures (which 
 are, in like manner, arranged in longitudinal rows) more distant inter 
 se, or remote. 
 
 Genus 50. DITOMA. 
 Herhst, Keif. v. 26 [script. Bitoma] (1793). 
 
 In their immaculate, or almost concolorous, surfaces, the two nar- 
 row and linear insects described below recede, I believe, from the few 
 species of Ditoma hitherto known ; nevertheless, after a careful ex- 
 amination of their several parts, I cannot detect a single structural 
 character in which they differ from the members of that genus — the 
 proportions of their 11 -jointed antennaj (with the biartictdated club), 
 their apicaUy bifid mandibles, their faintly emarginated mentum and 
 ligula (the former of which has its sides greatly rounded), as well as 
 their maxillary and labial palpi and upper lip, being all on the exact 
 Ditoma-tf^e* . Their dense, asperated sculptiire and largely-deve- 
 loped costse (especially of the prothorax) are also highly suggestive of 
 Ditoma, with which they likewise agree in the relative length of their 
 abdominal segments. Inter se they present a slight structural dissi- 
 milarity in the development of their tibiae — which are sensibly ro- 
 buster in the D. Ir/ctiformis than in the linearis, and have also (in 
 the former) their external apical angle more enlarged and prominent, 
 and more evidently surmounted with two minute spinules. I have 
 taken advantage of this fact to throw them into different Sections ; 
 but I can see nothing about it of sufficient importance to warrant their 
 generic separation. 
 
 § I. Tihice apicem versus sensim dilatatce, angulo externa paido exstante 
 et spinulis duahus minutissimis armato. Abdominis segmentum 2''"'" 
 in medio impressione arcuatd notatxm. 
 
 73. Ditoma lyctiformis, n. sp. 
 
 B. subparallelo-linearis, angusta, rufo-ferruginea, subopaca, setulis 
 (aut fere pilulis) minutis brevibus demissis subcinereis (in elytris 
 seriatim dispositis) parcissime subsericata ; capite prothoraceque 
 piceo- vel nigro-ferrugineis, dense tuberculato-asperatis, clypeo 
 
 * The highly-finished engraving, given by Sturm, of the oral organs of Ditoma 
 is exceedingly inaccurate ; for the mandibles are represented as simple at the 
 apex, the mentum is drawn without even a tendency to be anteriorly emarginate, 
 the anteclaval joint of the antennae is much too large, and the three small articu- 
 lations of the hinder feet are made to (/^crease, instead of mcrease, in length. 
 Duval has recorded them more correctlv. 
 
64 EXDOPHLCEIOyE. 
 
 ferrugineo et subsemicirciilari, hoc elongato-subquadrato, postice 
 siibangustiore, augulis anticis ijorrectis, utrinque costis duabus 
 flexuosis postice incurvis aliisque duabus obscurioribus brevibus 
 subrectis antcrioribus mediis instructo ; elytris rufo-ferrugineis, 
 crebre punctato-striatis, interstitiis alternis costato-elevatis ; an- 
 tennis pedibiisque breviusculis, rufo-ferrugineis. — Long. corp. lin. 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; sub cortice Fici in intermediis atque etiam inferiori- 
 bus occurrens. 
 
 I took a single specimen of this insect beneath the bark of a felled 
 fig-tree in the Palm-grove adjoining the eastern outskirts of the Villa 
 da Praia, in S. lago ; and a few more were afterwards met with by 
 myself and Mr. Gray at a higher elevation in the same island — like- 
 wise under the bark of a gigantic native Ficiis, in the Eibeira dos 
 Orgaos. Not to mention less important distinctions (which may be 
 gathered from the above diagnosis), the D. Jyctifonnis may be known 
 by its narrow, elongate outline, and bright rufo-ferruginous elytra, 
 the head and prothorax being of a blackish or piceous brown, by 
 the latter (which is sHghtly narrowed behind) being furnished with 
 two flexuose ridges down either side (which are curved inwards at the 
 base) and with the rudiments of two short central ones in front (ad- 
 joining the anterior edge), and by the alternate interstices of its 
 densely punctate-striated elytra being greatly raised, or costate. In 
 its general contour and hue it is somewhat suggestive of a small Lyc- 
 tus ; and it is curious, therefore, that I should have captured it in 
 company with a member (the L. cequalis, \V.) of that genus. 
 
 § II. Tihice apicein versus minus evidenter dilatatce, angido externo 
 nuigis truncate rotundato et vix spinidis armato. Ahdoininis seg- 
 menta {prcesertim S'"" et i*""^) postice impressione recta suhinterruptd 
 notata. 
 
 74. Ditoma linearis, n. sp. 
 
 D. parallelo-linearis, angustula, nigro-ferruginea, opaca, setulis mi- 
 nutissimis brevissimis demissis subcinereis (in elytris seriatim dis- 
 positis) parcissime irrorata ; capite prothoraceque dense et rugose 
 tuberculato-asperatis, clypeo obscure ferrugineo et mox ante oculos 
 paululum exstante, hoc quadrato, angiilis anticis valde porrectis, 
 utrinque costis duabus rectis antice incurvis aliisque duabus obscu- 
 rioribus brevibus curvatis basalibus mediis instructo ; elytris pro- 
 funde et crebre punctato-striatis, interstitiis alternis valde costato- 
 elevatis, ad basin, praesertim intra humeros, ssepius obsolete subru- 
 fescenti-tinctis ; antennis pedibusque breviusculis, rufo-ferrugineis. 
 — Long. Corp. lin. 1^. 
 
 Hah)fat?<. lago; sub cortice Fici una cum specie praecedente capta. 
 
ENDOPHLCEIDif:. 05 
 
 Two examples of this very distinct species were captured, by my- 
 self, in the interior of S. lago (along with the D. lyctiformis, the 
 Synchyta impressa, Lithocrus pallidus, Arthrolips testudhmlis, &c.), 
 under the bark of a gigantic Ficus, which had recently been felled, in 
 the Ribeira dos Orgaos. It is larger, darker, rougher, and more tho- 
 roughly opake than the D. lyctiformis, its sides are also more strictly 
 parallel (the prothorax being of exactly the same width throughout 
 as the elytra, and with no tendeijcy to be subattenuated posteriorly), 
 and, although narrow, it is not so narrow as that species ; its protho- 
 rax is relatively shorter and squarer,-with the lateral ridges straighter, 
 but bent inwards in front instead of behind, and with the two obscure, 
 additional, abbreviated, central ones not only more curved but adjoin- 
 ing the hasal (instead of the anterior) margin*. Its elytra, also, which 
 are obsoletely flushed with a slight rufescent tinge about their base 
 (particularly towards either shoulder), have their sculpture and eostse 
 still more developed. 
 
 Genus 51. COSSYPHODES. 
 
 Westwood, Tram. Ent. Sac. Land. i. 168 (18ol). 
 
 75. Cossyphodes Wollastonii. 
 
 Cossj-phodes Wollastonii, Westw., loc. cit. 170 (1851). 
 
 , Woll, Ins. Mqd. 146, tab. iii. f. 3 (1854). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 49 (1857). 
 
 , /(/., Cat. Can. Col. 127 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 130 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. lago, et Brava; nidos formicarum (sc. (Ecophthorce imsilliVy 
 Heer) in intermediis editioribusque colens. 
 
 This curious and anomalous little beetle, which was detected by my- 
 self, in the nests of (Ecophthora pusilla, at low elevations, in the Ma- 
 deiran and Canarian Groups, is associated with the same Ant in the 
 Cape Verde archipelago. I have taken it in the interior of S. lago, 
 and on the mountains above the Povoa^ao in Brava. My S. lago spe- 
 cimens are from S'" Catharina, and from beneath the gigantic Poilao 
 tree {Eriodendron), so famous for its almost fabulous dimensions, in 
 the Ribeira dos Leitaes Grandes. It occasionally runs with compa- 
 rative velocity for an insect which has such short Hmbs — which, con- 
 sidering also that it is nearly blind, is rather remarkable. 
 
 * It will thus be seen that the prothoraces of the D. lyctiformis and linearis 
 are, so far as their costs are concerned, tlie exact reverse of each otlier — those of 
 the former being curved inwards behind, with the additional abbreviated pair 
 placed in front ; whilst those of the latter are curved inwards in front, with the 
 short rudimentary ones placed behind. 
 
66 TROGOSITinyE. — CUCUJIDvT:. 
 
 Fam. 15. TROGOSITID^. 
 
 Genus 52. TROGOSITA. 
 Olivier, Ent. ii. 19 [script, Trogossita] (1790). 
 
 76. Trogosita mauritanica. 
 
 Tenebrio mauritanicus, Linn., Syst. Nat. ii. 674 (1767). 
 Tro<?osita mauritanica, Woll.^ Ins. Mad. 154 (1854). 
 
 , Id., Cat. 3fad. Col. 50 (1857). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 121 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 116 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. lago, et Fogo ; certe ex alienis introducta. 
 
 Two examples of this widely spread, and almost cosmopolitan, in- 
 sect were taken by Mr. Gray in S. lago — one of them at the Villa da 
 Praia, and the other at San Domingos ; and a third has lately been 
 obtained by the Barao do Castello de Paiva, from Fogo. Being so 
 eminently liable to introduction, into most civilized countries, through 
 the medium of commerce, we may expect that it will be found to be 
 pretty general when searched for in the warehouses and towns. I 
 need scarcely add, however, that it has no real connexion with the 
 Cape Verde fauna — though, since naturalized species can hardly be 
 excluded from our Catalogue, and the T. mauritanica was admitted 
 into that of the Madeiran and Canarian Groups, I cannot well refuse 
 it a place in the present volume. 
 
 Fam. 16. CUCUJID^. 
 
 Genus 53. L.ffiMOPHL(EUS. 
 
 (Dejean) Erich., Nat. der Ins. Dentsch. iii. 315 (1845). 
 
 Although, by the acknowledged diagnosis, LcemopJdceus has many 
 of its generic characters greatly modified according to the specific pe- 
 culiarity of the several members which compose it, it nevertheless 
 appears to me to include two types of form which are so dissimilar in 
 their extremes that they ought at least to be recorded under separate 
 Sections. The former of these (in which the species arc usnally a 
 little larger and of more lignivorous habits, occurring beneath the bark 
 of forest-trees in the open country) has the male antennae extremely 
 long, the forehead sharply separated from the (anteriorly emarginate) 
 clypeus by a deeply-inapressed curved line, the scutellum conspicuous 
 and triangular, and the elytra truncated at their apex so as to leave 
 
cucujiD^. 67 
 
 the pygidium exposed ; whilst the latter (the representatives of which 
 are for the most part small, and more frequently attach themselves to 
 shrubs and plants, occurring often even amongst grain and other 
 articles of commerce) has the antennae of its male sex less elongate, 
 the forehead subconfluent with the (anteriorly truncated) clypeus, the 
 scutellum short and transverse, and the elytra rounded behind and 
 covering the whole (or very nearly the whole) of the abdomen. It 
 will be seen, on reference, that both of these generic tj'pes are repre- 
 sented in the Cape Yerde archipelago*. 
 
 § I. Frons a dypeo (antice emarginato) lined arcuatd profunda argute 
 clivisa. Elytra apice truncata (pygidium hand tegentia). Scutel- 
 lum sat magnum, triangulare. Antennae in maribus longissimce. 
 
 77. Lsemophlceus politissimus, n. sp. 
 
 L. sublinearis, angustulus, depressus, rufo-ferrugineus, nitidissimus, 
 fere calvus (in elytris solis oculo fortissime armato minutissime et 
 parce pubescens) ; capite prothoraceque (linea lateral! instructis) 
 parce punctulatis, illo in medio canaliculato oculis maguis promi- 
 nentibus, hoc subquadrato postice vix augustiore, angulis ipsissimis 
 posticis exstantibus, utrinque pone medium obsolete foveolato ; 
 elytris pallidioribus (saepius saturate flavo-testaceis, circa scutellum 
 obscuiioribus), leviter punctulato-striatis. — Long. corp. lin. l-ls- 
 
 Habitat S, lago, et Brava ; sub cortice arboi'um, prassertim Fici sed 
 interdum Jatroplice et cast., praecipue in intermediis occurrens. 
 
 Taken in profusion, by myself and Mr. Gray, in the interior of S. 
 lago — beneath the bark of a gigantic Ficus, which had recently been 
 felled, in the Ribeira dos Orgaos, as well as (more sparingly), under 
 fig-bark, near the Villa da Praia, in the same island ; and we subse- 
 (pently met with a few examples of it, beneath the bark of a Jatropha 
 Curcas, near the Povoagao, in Brava. 
 
 Apart from the structural characters (of elongated male antennae, 
 anteriorly emarginate forehead and clypeus, triangular scutellum, and 
 apically-truncate elytra) which tend to remove it into a different Sec- 
 tion from that species, the present Lamophlceus may be known from 
 the following one by being a trifle broader and more depressed as well 
 as exceedingly shining and glabrous, by its eyes being considerably 
 larger, by its prothorax being relatively shorter and squarer, with the 
 extreme basal angles more prominent, and with an impression on either 
 
 * The L. donacioidcs, of Madeira, and the gran ulafus, of Madeira and the Cana- 
 ries, fall under the first of the above-mentioned Divisions ; whilst the remaining 
 species which have been found in those more northern Groups are members of 
 the second. 
 
 f2 
 
68 cucujiD.^.. 
 
 side of the disk (behind the middle), and by its elytral striae being 
 less deep, less defined, and pnnctulated (instead of simple). 
 
 § II. Frons a chjpeo (antice recte truneato) vix divisa. Ehjtra apice 
 integra. Scutellum breve, transversum. Antennce in utroque seoru 
 mngis cequales, nee in marihus longissimce. 
 
 78. Laemophlceus clavicoUis. 
 
 L. linearis, angustus, rufo-fernigineus, subopacus, (in capite protho- 
 raceque sat grosse sed in elytris minute) pnbescens ; capite protho- 
 raceque (linea laterali instructis) suboonvexis, paulo densiuspnnc- 
 tulatis, illo vix canaliciilato, pone oculos parvos (praesertim in ma- 
 ribus) lato, hoc elongate postice angustiore, angulis posticis fere 
 sTibrotnndatis ; elytris argute striatis, interstitiis alternis subcon- 
 vexis. — Long. corp. lin. 1-1^. 
 
 Lffimopliloeus clavicollis et vermiculatus, If ''oil., Ins. Mad. 161, IG'-i 
 (18o4). 
 
 — et , Id, Cat. Mad. Col. 52, 53 (18o7). 
 
 , Id., in Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud. i. 150 (1862). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 130 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl 1.32 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, S. lago, et Fogo ; praecipue sub cortioe 
 Euphorbiarum, hinc inde vulgaris. 
 
 The L. clavicollis, which is almost universal in the Madeiran and 
 quite so in the Canarian Group, will doubtless be found (when searched 
 for in the proper localities) to be generally distributed over these islands. 
 It is more particularly attached (though not exclusively so) to the 
 dead stems and branches of the Euphoi'bias, beneath the bark and 
 outer fibre of which it occasionally abounds. In such situations I 
 met with it at Tabouga in S. Antao, on the mountains in S. Vicente 
 (where it was found likewise by Mr. Gray), above S** Catharina in the 
 interior of S. lago, and at the Monte N'ucho in Fogo. 
 
 I have given a diagnosis of this species, in order to call attention to 
 the points in which it differs from the last one, though its Sectional 
 characters alone (of shorter male antennae, smaller and more trans- 
 verse scutellum, apically-entire elytra, and the fact of its forehead not 
 being separated by a deep curved line from the clypeus, which latter 
 is not emarginate anteriorly) would suffice to distinguish it. Apart 
 from these, however, it may easily be known by being still narrower 
 and more linear, and nearly opake ; by its head and prothorax being 
 convexer and densely pubescent (instead of glabrous), the former of 
 which is relatively broader behind the eyes (which are themselves 
 much smaller), whilst the latter is comparativelj' elongate, more at- 
 
cucujiD^. 69 
 
 tenuated posteriorly, and with its basal angles more rounded-ofF; and 
 by its elytra having their striae simple, but more sharply defined, and 
 their alternate interstices slightly raised. I possess two examples, 
 captured at a low elevation in S. lago (immediately outside the ViUa 
 da Praia), in which the prothorax is a little squarer — the hinder angles 
 being less sloped-ofF, and indeed almost right angles ; but in other 
 respects they seem to agree perfectly with the clavicollis ; and I can- 
 not think therefore that they represent more than a slight local state, 
 or variety, of that species. I would, however, just record them as the 
 " var. /3. qffinis"*. 
 
 Genus 54. SILVANUS. 
 Latreille, Gen. Crust, et Ins. iii. 19 (1807). 
 
 79. Silvanus surinamensis. 
 
 Dermestes surinamensis, Linn.., Sy.it. Nat. ii. 5Go (1707). 
 Silvanus surinamensis, Tfo//., Ins. Mad. 167 (1854). 
 
 , Id., Cat. 3Iad. Col. 54 (1857). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 133 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 135 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; in mercatorum repositoriis, ex alienis certe intro- 
 ductus. 
 
 Of this almost cosmopolitan Silvanus a single example was captured 
 by Mr. Gray in S. Vicente — on the outer wall of Mr. Miller's store- 
 house in Porto Grande. It has of course nothing to do with the Cape 
 Verde Coleoptera; nevertheless, since it will doubtless be found to have 
 established itself generally about the granaries and towns, and since 
 naturalized species can scarcely be omitted from any country's fauna, 
 I have no choice but to include it in the present Catalogue. It is 
 common in the Madeiran and Canarian Groups. 
 
 80. Silvanus inarmatus, n. sp. 
 
 S. parallelo-elongatus, angustus, ferrugineus, opacus, minute pubcs- 
 cens ; capite prothoraceque crebre punctato-rugulosis, illius oculis 
 magnis, ad basin ipsissimam ductis, hoc elongato-quadrato postice 
 vix angustiore, angulis posticis subrectis, anticis leviter productis, 
 
 * I may mention, in tbis place, that the European Pediacits depressiis was cap- 
 tured, on several occasions, both by Mr. Gray and myself, on board his yacht, 
 during our cruise amongst these islands. I feel satisfied however that it made 
 its appearance from the stores which were brought from England, and that it 
 had no connexion with the Cape Verde fauna ; for we tried in vain to detect it 
 amongst even the naturalized species which appear to have establislied themselves 
 about the towns and warehouses, in different parts of the Group. Still, since it 
 is at least possible that some of our examples may have found their way on board 
 from the shore, I think it desirable just to notice the fact of their occurrence, 
 even under circumstances thus suspicious. 
 
70 CRYPTOPHAGIDvE. 
 
 ad latera (subrecta) minutissime crenulato, per discum obsoletis- 
 sime subintequali ; elytris crcbre striato-punctatis, interstitiis al- 
 ternis obsolete subelevatis. — Long. corp. lin. l^l^- 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; sub cortice Fid arido laxo in intermediis captus, 
 
 Obs. — S. unidentato, Europa?o, prima facie subsimilis sed certe 
 distinctus ; differt praecipue prothorace miilto magis quadrato (om- 
 nino, sed prEssertim postice, minus angustato), angulis anticis minus 
 exstanter productis, posticis subrectis, necnon oculis majoribus, ad 
 basin capitis ipsam ductis (i. e. a margine basali capitis denticuli- 
 formi multo minus evidenter postice terminatis), S. bidentato dis- 
 cedit prothorace quadratiore, angadis posticis magis ampliatis rec- 
 tioribus, anticis multo minus (nee in spinam elongatam) productis, 
 ad latera minus sinuate, necnon per discum multo minus inasquali 
 (fere integro), oculis paulo majoribus et ad basin capitis ipsissimam 
 postice ductis. 
 
 Several examples of this Silvaniis were taken by myself and Mr. 
 Gray in the interior of S. lago — beneath the loosened bark of a gigan- 
 tic Finis, which had recently been feUed, in the Ribeira dos Orgaos. 
 At first sight it miich resembles the European /S^. unidentatus, though 
 a closer inspection will show that it is in reality quite distinct from 
 that species. Thus, apart from minor characteristics, its prothorax is 
 squarer (being less narrowed posteriorly, and with the hinder angles 
 more developed and nearly right angles), and has the anterior angles 
 less produced, and the sides straighter (or less sinuate) ; and its eyes 
 are considerably larger, reaching to the extreme base of the head, and 
 are therefore much less evidently bounded behind by the minute pro- 
 jecting rim of the latter. From the Fabrician S. bidentatiis (which 
 occurs also in Madeira*) it recedes, inter alia, in its less foveolated, 
 shorter, and more quadi'ate prothorax (which is less narrowed behind, 
 with the anterior angles very much less produced, or spiniform, and 
 the posterior ones more developed and nearly right angles, while the 
 sides are much straighter, or less sinuate), and in its eyes being larger 
 — extending more evidently (in front) to the insertion of the antennae, 
 and (behind) to the extreme base of the head. 
 
 Fam. 17. CRYPTOPHAGID^. 
 
 Genus 55. CRYPTOPHAGUS. 
 
 Herbst, Kaf. iv. 172 [script. Krrjptoplutgus] (1792J. 
 
 * In my Madeiran Catalogue, as well as in the " Col. Atlantidiim," I referred 
 the Madeiran SUvmius to the European S. unidentatus ; but a recent, and more 
 careful, examination has satisfied mp that it shnidd rather be identified with the 
 Fabrician hidenfafus. 
 
CKYPTOPHAGID^. 71 
 
 81. Cryptophagus scanicus. 
 
 Dermestes scanicus, Linn., Fna Suec. 14G (1761). 
 
 Cryptophagus scanicus, Sturm, Deutsch. Fna, xvi. 82, tab. 315. f. A 
 
 (1845). 
 , Erich., Nat. der Ins. Deutsch. iii. 356 (1846), 
 
 Habitat S. Antao ; a Dom. Gray, a.d. 1864, semel captus. 
 
 A single example of the common Eui-opeau C. scanicus is amongst 
 the few Coleoptera which were taken by Mr. Gray in S. Antao, during 
 the winter of 1864 ; and I am bound, therefore, to admit the species 
 into the present Catalogue. At the same time I must state that I do 
 so with some reluctance, because I feel that it is not impossible that 
 Mr. Gray may perhaps have captured it on board his yacht, in which 
 case it could have no real connexion with the Cape Yerde fauna. But 
 since the dentatus (which is equally European) seems to have esta- 
 blished itself in the archipelago (doubtless naturaHzed, as in Madeira 
 and the Canaries, from more northern countries), it is far from un- 
 likely that the scanicus may also be found occasionally about the 
 houses and stores. 
 
 The C. scanicus maybe known from the dentatus by beingrelatively a 
 little more shortened in outline, or less parallel ; by its pro thorax being- 
 more abbreviated, and less straightened at the sides (both before and 
 behind the central denticle), and therefore with the basal angles more 
 obtuse ; by its elytra being usually more or less darkened, or suffused, 
 except towards their base ; and by its pubescence being somewhat 
 denser, but at the same a tiifle shorter and more decumbent. 
 
 82. Cryptophagus dentatus. 
 
 Kateretes dentatus, Hhst, Kaf. v. 15, tab. 45. f. 6 (1793). 
 Crj^tophagus dentatus, WolL, Cat. Mad. Col. ^Qi (1857). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 135 (1864). 
 
 ^ Id., Col. Atl. 137 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao ; forsan ex Europa introductus. 
 
 Of this common European Cryptophagus, which is tolerably abun- 
 dant in the Madeiran and Canarian archipelagos, I obtained a speci- 
 men in S. Antao ; and another was met with by Mr. Gray, diu'ing 
 March of the previous year, in the same island. It is clearly an in- 
 troduced species, and one which has no real connexion with the Cape 
 Verde faima ; nevertheless it will probably be found to have esta- 
 blished itself — at any rate about the houses and towns, if not indeed 
 (as is the case in the more northern Groups) in the open country like- 
 wise. 
 
72 CRYPTOPHAGIDvt:. 
 
 Genus 56. LEUCOHIMATIUM. 
 
 Rosenhauer, Die Thierc Andalus. 179 (185G). 
 
 83. Leucohimatium elongatum. 
 
 L. fusco-ferrugineum, grosse albido-pubescens ; capite prothoraeeque 
 sat parce punctatis, hoc subquadrato postice paulo angustiore, an- 
 gulis anticis oblique incrassatis, ad latera minutissime crenulato, 
 basi utrinque foveobx obseura punctiformi impresso ; elytris subti- 
 liter striato-punctatis, interstitiis uniseriatim punctulatis. — Long, 
 corp. lin. 1|. 
 
 Paramecosoma elongata, Sturm, Detdsch. Fna, xviii. 72 (1846). 
 Leucoliimatium angustum, Rosenh., he. cit. 179 (1856). 
 
 elongatum, WoU., Cat. Can. Col. 140 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 140 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et S. Vicente ; circa radices graminum, in aridis 
 inferioribus locisque paululum elevatis, rarissimum. 
 
 The Mediterranean L. elongatum, which occurs very sparingly in 
 the Madeiran and Canarian Groups, appears to be extremely scarce 
 in the Cape Verde archipelago — where it is found in arid spots of a 
 rather low elevation. I met with a single example of it at Tarrafal, 
 in the south of S. Antao ; and a few more were taken by Mr. Gray in 
 S. Vicente — namely, around the roots of grass, on a calcareous piece 
 of ground about two miles from Porto Grande, and below the house 
 of the English Consul, Mr. Miller. 
 
 Genus 57. PARAMECOSOMA. 
 
 Curtis, in Ent. Mag. i. 18(5 ( 1833). 
 
 84. Paramecosoma simplex. 
 
 Paraniefosoma simplex, Woll., Cat. Mad. Col. 59 (1857). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 141 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 140 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao ; sub quisquiliis in inferioribus intermediisque, 
 rarior. 
 
 Of this testaceous Paramecosoma, which bears so strong a lirimd 
 facie resemblance to a smaU (and less pubescent) Typha;a or a pallid 
 Cri/ptophagus, and which occurs both in the Madeiran and Canarian 
 Groups, I met with several specimens in S. Antao — namely beneath 
 the decaying stems and leaves of Sugar-canes, at a low elevation, at 
 Tarrafal, as weU as under rotten plants of the Indian com, at a high 
 altitude, towards the head of the Ribeira das Patas. 
 
LATRIDIAD^. 73 
 
 Fam. 18. LATRIDIAD^. 
 
 Genus 58. HOLOPARAMECUS. 
 
 Curtis, in Ent. Mar/, i. 186 (1833). 
 
 85. Holoparamecus bipartitus, n. sp. 
 
 H. angustus, rufo-testaceus, nitidus, (oculo fortissime avmato) sub- 
 tilissime et parcissime piibescens ; capite sat magno ; prothorace 
 subcordato (antice lato rotundato, postice valde constricto, angulis 
 posticis argute rectis), basi in medio late et gvosse transversim bitu- 
 berculato ; elytris subellipticis, singulis stria suturali recta im])res- 
 sis ; antennis(ll-artioulatis)pedibusque vix pallidioribus. — Long. 
 Corp. lin. vix |. 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente, et S. lago; sub quisquiliis in humidis, necnon 
 etiam in formicarum nidis, parcissime occurrens. 
 
 06s. — Species H. caularum Europseo antennis 11-articulatis con- 
 gruens, at sensim minor est, atque angustior, prothorace etiam sub- 
 tilius punctulato (punctulis nisi oculo fortissime armato aegre obser- 
 vandis), postice magis angustato (costis abbreviatis basaUbus distinc- 
 tioribus et cum margine basali angulum omninoarguteque rectum, 
 nee obtusiuseulum,efficientibus), parte centraliposticfi elevata paulo 
 angustiore et in medio linea bisecta (nee Integra), quasi in tuber- 
 cula dua divisa, necnon elytrorum linea suturali ad basin ipsissimani 
 haud in lineam biundulatam basalem coeunte. 
 
 This extremely minute insect appears to be truly indigenous in 
 the Cape Yerde archipelago, but it is nevertheless extremely rare — 
 occurring beneath damp vegetable refuse, and sometimes even in com- 
 pany with Ants. I have captured it (by sifting) at Madeiralzinho, 
 in S. Vicente ; as weU as near the Villa da Praia, in the Ribeira dos 
 Orgaos, the Ribeira dos Leitaes Grandes, and at 8** Catharina, in S. 
 lago. My example from the Leitaes Grandes ravine was taken (along 
 with Cossyphodes Wollastonii) out of a nest of (EcopJitTiora pusilla, 
 beneath the gigantic Poilao-tree (Eriodendron) for which that spot is 
 so justly celebrated. 
 
 The H. bipartitus is closely allied to the European H. caularum, 
 with which it agrees in having eleven joints to its antennae ; but it is 
 altogether a little smaller and narrower ; its prothorax is more con- 
 stricted behind, with the short basal costa (on either side) rather more 
 developed and forming a comjilete and sharply -defined right angle 
 (instead of a sKghtly obtuse one) with the posterior margin, and with 
 the embossed central portion both narrower and divided into two parts 
 by a distinct medial line ; and its elytra want the minute unduhfim/ 
 line into which the sutural stria of that species merges at its extreme 
 
74 LATRIDIADiE. 
 
 base. The punetation, also, of its pro thorax is still more minute — 
 being scarcely traceable even beneath a high power of the microscope. 
 In some respects it is perhaps still nearer to the H. niger (found in 
 the south of Europe, and at the Madeiras and Canaries) ; but it is a 
 little smaller still, as well as paler, and narrower ; its prothorax is 
 especially more narrowed, and the constricted portion at the base is 
 relatively a trifle longer and bounded on either side with a thicker 
 costa ; its elytra are less rounded outwards before the middle, and 
 have their sutural stria less deeply impressed ; and, when viewed be- 
 neath the microscope, it is appreciably more shining (or less alutace- 
 ous), and its punetation and pubescence are even still more minute — 
 the surface being almost glabrous. 
 
 Genus 59. CORTICARIA. 
 
 Marsham, Ent. Brit. i. 106 (1802). 
 
 86. Corticaria serrata. 
 
 Dermestes serratus, Payk., Fna Siiec. i. 300 (1798). 
 Corticaria rotulicoUis, JJ^oU., Ins, Mad. 184 (1854). 
 
 , Id, Cat. Mad. Col. 64 (1857). 
 
 serrata, Id., Cat. Can. Col. 148 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 150 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Autao ; a Dom. Gray prope Tarrafal semel deprehensa. 
 
 The common European C. serrata (which is locally abundant in the 
 Madeiran and Canarian Groups) appears to occur at the Cape Verdes, 
 where perhaps it may have been introduced from more northern lati- 
 tudes. I did not myself meet with it in those islands ; but a single 
 example was captured by Mr. Gray, from beneath refuse, about a mile 
 up the ravine at Tarrafal, in the south of S. Antao. We may be 
 pretty sure therefore that, when searched for in the proper localities, 
 it will be found to be more generally distributed over the archipelago. 
 
 87. Corticaria immatura, n. sp. 
 
 C. saturate testacea, subnitida, vel sat longe vel brevius subcinereo 
 (in elytris seriatim) pubescens; capiteprothoracequeprofimdepunc- 
 tatis, hoc transversim subcordato-quadrato, ad latera ante medium 
 subangulatim rotundato, postice obsolete transversim impresso ; 
 elytris leviter substriato-punctatis, utrinque ad basin callo humerali 
 obscuro instructis. — Long. corp. lin. |. 
 
 Hahitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, et S. lago ; sub quisquiliis in interme- 
 diis editioribusque, late diff'usa. 
 
 The totally pallid hue and rather more pubescent surface of this 
 
LATRIDIAD^. 75 
 
 little Corticaria, the prothorax of which is somewhat small and nar- 
 row, wiU at once distinguish it. It occurs beneath refuse at inter- 
 mediate and lofty altitudes, and is widely spread over the archipelago, 
 where we may expect that it will ultimately be found to be universal. 
 It was taken by Mr. Gray and myself in most of the central ravines 
 of S. Antao (such as the Ribeira Fria, the Ribeira das Patas, and the 
 Ribeira da Babosa) ; by myself at Madeiralzinho, and on the summit 
 of Monte Verde, in S. Vicente ; and by Mr. Gray and myself at San 
 Domingos and S'* Catharina, in the interior of S. lago. The examples 
 from S. Antao are, on the average, a trifle more pubescent than those 
 from S. Vicente and S. lago. 
 
 88. Corticaria bicolor, n. sp. 
 
 C. praecedentem simulans, sed fere calva (oculo fortissimo armato pube 
 subtilissima brevissima parcissime iiTorata), capite prothoraceque 
 vix parcius punctatis necnon plus minus Itete rufo-ferrugineis (ra- 
 rius obscuris), hoc submajore, elytris nigrescentibus. — Long. corp. 
 Hn. |. 
 
 Habitat Fogo, et Brava ; super folia plantarum necnon sub quisquiliis, 
 in intermediis editioribusque degens. 
 
 In general outline and sculpture the present Corticaria does not 
 differ materially from the preceding one, except that its prothorax is 
 perhaps just perceptibly broader and less closely punctured. It is, 
 however, less pubescent (appearing nearly free from pile except under 
 a high magnifying-power), and its colour is totally different — the head 
 and prothorax being usually bright rufo-ferruginous (sometimes al- 
 most red), whilst the elytra (when mature) are nearly black. I ob- 
 served it only in the southern portion of the archipelago, where it 
 occurs at intermediate and lofty altitudes — having brushed it, rather 
 abundantly, from a gigantic EcMum, at the Monte Nucho, in Fogo 
 (where it was found afterwards, though more sparingly, by Mr. 
 Gray); and I subsequently met with two examples of it on the moun- 
 tains above the Povoagao, in Brava. 
 
 89. Corticaria obliterata, n, sp. 
 
 C. nitida, t'onvexa, calva (oculo fortissimo armato vix pube irro- 
 rata); capite prothoraceque Itete rufo-ferrugineis, sat profunde 
 punctatis, hoc fere ut in specie prsocedente sed postice nuUo modo 
 transversim impresso ; elytris piceo-ferrugineis, ellipticis, subven- 
 tricosis, levissime seriatim (vix substriatim) punctatis, callo hume- 
 ral! obsolete ; antennispedibusque rufo-testaceis. — Long, corp.lin.^ . 
 
 Habitat S. Nicolao ; a Dom. Gray in intermediis semel reperta. 
 
76 LATRIDIAD^. 
 
 The single example from which the above diagnosis has been com- 
 piled was taken by Mr. Gray, during February 1864, at a rather high 
 elevation, in S. Nicolao. It is a trifle larger than the two preceding 
 species; and it is also more shining, more lightly sculptured, and quite 
 free (except under a very high magnifj-iug-power) from every trace of 
 pubescence; its prothoraxis totally unimpressed behind; and its elytra 
 are more convex and ventricose, without any appearance of a subhu- 
 meral callus, and of a somewhat piceo-ferruginous hue. Its head and 
 prothorax seem to be of a clear rufo-ferruginous, as in the case of the 
 C. hicolor ; but I have no means of knowing whether the type before 
 me is perfectly matured. 
 
 Genus 60. LATRIDIUS. 
 Herbst, Kdf. v. 8 (1793). 
 
 90. Latridius minutus. 
 
 Tenebrio minutus, Linn., Si/d. Nat. ii. 675 (1767). 
 Lathridius minutus, JFoIl., Ins. Mad. 190 (1854). 
 
 , Id, Cat. Mad. Col. Qo (1857). 
 
 Latridius , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 151 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Ail. 152 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao ; an ex Europji introductus ? 
 
 Two examples of this wide-spread and common European Latri- 
 dius (which has established itself in the Madeiran and Canarian Groups) 
 were taken by Mr. Gray, during the spring of 1864, in S. Antao ; but 
 I imagine that the species is merely a naturalized one in these islands. 
 We may expect, however, to meet with it about the houses and towns. 
 
 Genus 61. METOPHTHALMUS. 
 
 Wollastou, Ins. Mad. 192 (1854). 
 
 91. Metophtlialmus creteicoUis, n. sp. 
 
 M. elongato-ovatus, lateribus ipsissimis omnibus crenatis, in capite 
 prothoraceque rufo-ferrugiueus sed in elytris jdIus minus nigro-pi- 
 ceus vel piceo-niger ; capite porreeto, triangulari-subrostrato, in 
 frontc nodis binis elongatis costiformibus instructo, utrinque argute 
 costato; prothorace transverso, utrinque late subconeavo-explanato, 
 pone medium transversim impresso, in dorso convexo sed in pai-te 
 media ipsa longitudinaliter argute concave ; elytris grosse et crebre 
 striato-punctatis (punctis magnis), sutura interstitiisque altemis 
 costato-elevatis ; antennis pedibusque rufo-testaceis. 
 
 Ohs. — Subtus necuon in prothorace (interdum etiam circa hume- 
 
MYCETOPHAGIDiE. 77 
 
 ros) squamis niveis densis quasi creteis jilus minus vestitur. — Long, 
 Corp. lin. |-|. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et S. Vicente ; inter quisquilias, ssepius parum aridas, 
 in intermediis degens. 
 
 This little Metophthalmus occurs amongst rather dry (and, often, 
 mouldy) vegetable refuse, at intermediate altitudes, in the Cape Verde 
 archij^elago, where it is locally far from uncommon. I have taken it 
 (by sifting) in the Ribeira Fria, the Ribeira da Babosa, &c. in S. An- 
 tao, and at Madeiralzinho in S. Vicente. In S. Antao it was met with 
 likewise (namely at Tabouga) by Mr. Gray. It is so closely allied to 
 the Madeiran M. asperatus that I cannot feel absolutely certain that 
 it is more than a permanent geographical state of that species. It 
 differs from it, merely, in being smaller, and in having its elytra a 
 little more oval (or somewhat less straightened at the sides), with their 
 alternate interstices rather less distinctly costate. Its antennal club, 
 also, when viewed beneath the microscope, will be seen to be just per- 
 ceptibly shorter and more abrupt — the basal joint being a trifle wider 
 and more poculiform, and the terminal one, if anything, perhaps, a 
 little rounder ; and its prothorax is usually more densely covered with 
 snowy- white, chalk -like scales. 
 
 Fam. 19. MYCETOPHAGID^. 
 
 Genus 62. MYRMECOXENUS. 
 Chevrolat, in Silb. Rev. iii. 267 [script. Myrtnechiienus] (18.35). 
 
 92. Myrmecoxenus vaporariorum. 
 
 M. pallide rufo-feriiigineus, subnitidus, fulvo-cinereo pubescens, 
 ubiquc dense et sat fortiter punctatus; prothorace transverso-sub- 
 quadrato postice vix angustiore, angulis posticis obtusis sed parum 
 argute determinatis; elytris vix pallidioribus, saepius circa scuteUura 
 obsolete obscuratis, postice paulo truncatis, pygidium nigrum vix 
 tegentibus. — Long. corp. lin. |-1. 
 
 Myrmechixenus vaporariorimi, Guer.^ Ann. de la Soc. JEnt. de France, i. 
 70, pi. 2. n° 1. f. 1-5 (1843). 
 
 Habitat S. lago, et Fogo ; sub stercore bo\'ino, in arenosis apricis iii- 
 ferioribus, juxta mare, degens. 
 
 Of this small and testaceous insect, which occurs sparingly (gene- 
 rally about hotbeds and melon-frames) in central and southern 
 Europe, I met with a few examples close to the Villa da Praia in S. 
 
78 MYCETOPHAGID/E. 
 
 lago (in the Palm-grove adjoining the eastern outskirts of the town), 
 and subsequently with several more at an equally low elevation in 
 Fogo — namely, under the dung of cattle, on the burning sand imme- 
 diately behind the sea-beach, at the Porto da Luz. In this latter lo- 
 cality I might have captured it in considerable numbers, had I thought 
 it worth while to do so ; but it was only by stirring-up the sand, and 
 watching both closely and patiently, that they were to be obtained. 
 The Cape Verde specimens seem to differ in no respect from the ordi- 
 nary ones of more northern latitudes. 
 
 Genus 63. TYPHiEA. 
 (Kirby) Steph., HI. Brit Ent. iii. 70 (1830). 
 
 93. Typhaea fumata. 
 
 Dermestes fumatus, Linn., Syst. Nat. ii. 564 (1767). 
 Tvph^a fumata, Woll., Ins. Mad. 199 (1854). 
 
 — , Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 71 (1857). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 153 (1864), 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 157 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Yicente, S. lago, et Fogo ; sub quisquiliis in in- 
 ferioribus intermediisque, late sed baud copiose diffusa. 
 
 The common European T. fumata — which occurs likewise in the north 
 of Africa (I possess an Egyjjtian example), Madeira, and the Canaries, 
 and which is reported even from the United States — is widely spread 
 over the Cape Verde archipelago, where in all i^robabiHty it will be 
 ascertained ultimately to be universal. It occurs, for the most part, 
 beneath vegetable refuse, at low and intermediate altitudes. I have 
 taken it at Tarrafal, in the south of S. Antao ; at Madeiralzinho, in 
 S. Vicente ; near the Villa da Praia, as well as at San Domingos and 
 S'* Catharina, and in the Ribeira dos Orgaos, in S. lago ; and I also 
 obtained a single specimen of it in Fogo. In S. lago it was met with 
 likewise by Mr. Gray. 
 
 Genus 64. LITARGUS. 
 
 Erichson, Nnt. der Ins. Deutsch. iii. 415 (1846). 
 
 94. Litargus trifasciatus. 
 
 L. ellipticus, dense et grosse pubescens, elytris nigris sed Isete rufo- 
 testaceo trifasciatis ; ocuhs postice ciliatis ; coleopteris nigrescen- 
 tibus, in limbo dilutioribus, et fasciis tribus (una sc. basali valde 
 obliqua, secunda postmedia, et tertia parva apicali, omnibus plus 
 minus fractis) rufo-testaceis utrinque ornatis ; antennis pedibusque 
 
dermestidvt;. 79 
 
 testaceis, illis versus apicem interdum paulo infuscatis. — Long. corp. 
 lin. 1-1 i. 
 
 Litargus trifasciatus, Wall., Cat. Can. Col. 154 (1864). 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 157 (1865). 
 
 Habited S. Antao, S. Vicente, et S. lago ; sub quisquiliis in interme- 
 diis editioribusque, late diffusus et hiuc inde vulgaris. 
 
 This interesting little Litargus, which was detected in Gomera by 
 Dr. Crotch during his first Canarian campaign, and which is repre- 
 sented by the L. pilosus (to which indeed it is closely allied) in the 
 Madeiran Group, seems to be truly indigenous in the Cape Verde 
 archipelago, where it is widely distributed — occurring beneath vege- 
 table refuse, such as dead weeds and the old stalks of Sugar-canes, 
 at intermediate and lofty altitudes. It was taken by Mr. Gray and 
 myself at Aslajas and Catano (towards the head of the Ribeira das 
 Patas), in S. Antao ; in great abundance on the extreme summit of 
 Monte Verde, in S. Vicente ; and at San Domingos and S'" Catharina, 
 in the interior of S. lago. It will most likely be found to be universal 
 throughout the islands. 
 
 Fam. 20. DERMESTID^. 
 
 Genus 65. DERMESTES. 
 
 Linnseus, Syst. Nat. ii. 561 (1767). 
 
 95. Dermestes vulpinus. 
 
 Dermestes vulpinus, Fah., Spec. Ins. i. 64 (1781). 
 
 , Woll, Ins. Mad. 202 (1854). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 72 (1857). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 155 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 159 (1865). 
 
 Hahitat S. Vicente, et S. lago ; in cadaveribus, prsecipue juxta mare 
 et oppidula, congregans. 
 
 The almost cosmopoKtan D. vulpinus (at once recognized, apart from 
 its other characters, by the minute spinule at the apical angle of each 
 elytron) has established itself at the Cape Verdes, as completely as it 
 has in the Madeiran and Canarian Groups. It will doubtless be found 
 to be pretty generally distributed over the archipelago, when searched 
 for about the towns and villages in the lower districts ; but hitherto 
 it has been observed only near Porto Grande in S. Vicente, and close 
 to the ViUa da Praia in S. lago — in both of which localities it was 
 captured abundantly, out of dead animals, by myself and Mr. Gray. 
 From S. Vicente it has been communicated also by Mr. MiUer. 
 
80 BYRRHlD.l.. 
 
 Genus 66. ATTAGENUS. 
 Lati-eille, Gen. Crud. vt Im. ii. 32 (1802). 
 
 96. Attagenus ensicornis, n. sp. 
 
 A. ovalis, niger, longe et grosse subgriseo pubescens, in capite pro- 
 
 thoraceque subtiliter sed in elytris paulo profundius punctulatus ; 
 
 antcnnis pedibusque rufo-ferrugineis, illarum articulis intermediis 
 
 minutis testaceis. 
 Mas antcnuarum articulo ultimo longissimo, flexuoso, compresso, en- 
 
 siformi, apicem versus paululum attenuate. 
 Fcem. adhuc latet. — Long. corp. lin. 1-^. 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; prope oppidum Villa da Praia ji Dom. Gray lectus. 
 
 Ohs. — Ab A. Schcrfferi et megatomd statura minore, punctura 
 subtiliore, pube longiore ac paulo magis grisea antennisque omnino 
 pallidis (nee in clava nigris) differre \'idetur; sed in antennarum 
 maris structura cum illo melius congruit. 
 
 The single specimen (a male) from which the above diagnosis has 
 been di'awn out was captured by Mr. Gray, at a low elevation, close 
 to the Villa da Praia, in S. lago. It may possibly represent but a 
 geographical state of the A. Schcefferi (with which in the structure of 
 the greatly elongated last joint of its male clava it seems to agree) ; 
 but my belief is, that further material will show it to be truly distinct 
 from that species. Judging from the example before me (which per- 
 haps, however, may be an unusually small one of its kind), the A. 
 ensicorms appears to be smaller and more finely punctulated than 
 either the A. ScJicefferi or megatoma, and to have its pubescence a little 
 longer, coarser, and more griseous ; and its antennae (instead of hav- 
 ing the clava black) are entirely pale — being rufo-ferruginous, with 
 the minute intermediate joints even testaceous. 
 
 Fam. 21. BYRRHID^. 
 
 Genus 67. LIMNICHUS. 
 
 (Ziegler) Latr., Rhgne Anim. (ed. 2 ) iv. 510. 
 
 97. Limnichus fragilicornis, n. sp. 
 
 L. ovalis, convexus, niger, subnitidus, pube grossa suberecta subaurea 
 cinereaque nebulosus ; prothorace brevissimo, conico, minutissime 
 et parce punctulato ; elytris densius ac multo profundius punctatis, 
 callo subhumeraU distincte instructis ; antennis gracilibus, perfra- 
 gilibus, art" ult° globose parum abrupto, sed 5 exterioribus grada- 
 tim paulo rotundatioribus, art'' 4", 5° et 6° longiusculis gracUibus, 
 
HISTERID/E. 81 
 
 3" vix latiore, vix breviore, 1° et 2' (illo praecijjue) parura majori- 
 bus. — Long. Corp. liu. vix 1. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao ; in apricis humidis Intosis jnxta marginem rivuli 
 ad Tarrafal parcissime deprebensus. 
 
 Two examples of tbis Limnkhus (wbicb. appears to be one of tbe 
 rarest of tbe Cape Yerde Coleoptera) were captured by myself about 
 half a mile up the ravine at Tarrafal, in the extreme south of S_ 
 Antao — walking slowly over the wet alluvial mud, in the hot sunshine^ 
 near the edges of the stream. It seems to be a trifle larger than the 
 European L. pygmceus, and to be clothed with a coarser, longer, and 
 more erect pubescence — the colour of which is partly ashy- white, and 
 partly of a somewhat dull-golden or fulvescent hue ; and its sculpture 
 is different — its prothorax being more sparingly and finely punctu- 
 lated, while the punctures of its elyti'a are, on the contrary, both larger 
 and more dense (and not composed as in that insect of a double series, 
 of large and small ones intermixed). Its antennae too are a little 
 longer and slenderer than those of ihepngmceus (being excessively fra- 
 gile), and with the proportions of their joints not quite the same. Of 
 these the last five are very gradually increased in size and roundness . 
 the ultimate one however being conspicuously the largest and most 
 globular ; the preceding three (or the 4th, 5th, and 6th) are compa- 
 ratively elongate and narrow ; the 3rd is just jDcrceptibly shorter and 
 wider than these three ; and the 1st and 2nd (especially the former) 
 are somewhat, though by no means greatly, enlarged *. 
 
 Fam. 22. HISTERID^. 
 
 Genus 68. TERETRIUS. 
 
 Erichson, in Khiy, Jahrh. i. 201 (1834). 
 
 98. Teretrius corticalis, n. sp. 
 
 T. breviter cylindricus, niger, nitidulus, ubique dense et profunde 
 punctatus; prosterno postice in medio angustetriangulariterimpresso 
 et juxta impressionem lineola valde obscura antice evanescente 
 
 * Whether the L. fragilicornis approaclies Kiesen wetter' s incanus [Ann. de 
 la Soc. Ent. de France, ix. 584, 1851], captured at the edges of the streams near 
 Gerone, in Catalonia, I have no means of deciding ; but, judging from the dia- 
 gnosis, the latter appears to be considerably smaller, somewhat less convex, and 
 clothed with a shorter and more decumbent pubescence (which is stated to be 
 cmereous, no mention being made of the additional yellowish-fulvescent pile 
 which is so conspicuous in the Cape Verde species). But in the character of 
 their punctation the two insects may possibly hare something in common. 
 
82 HISTERID.E. 
 
 utrinqiie instructo ; raeso- et meta-steniis canaliculatis, inter se 
 arete coniiatis, illius lobo autico magno ; pedibus rufo-piceis ; tibiis 
 anticis extus circa 5 (-6)-, iutermediis 3 (-4)-, et postieis 2 (-3)- 
 spinosis ; antennis testaceis, articulo basali paulo picescentiore.— 
 Long. Corp. lin. 1. 
 
 Hahitat S. lago ; sub cortice Fid arido laxo, in intermediis, raris- 
 simus. 
 
 This little Terefrius appears to be extremely rare, occurring beneath 
 the bark of trees at intermediate elevations. The only island in which 
 I met with it is S. lago — where I obtained a few examples under the 
 bark of a large native Ficus, which had recently been felled, in the 
 llibeira dos Orgaos. It is a true Teretrius (as I have ascertained by 
 a careful dissection, and an examination of its several parts), and one 
 which has indeed a good deal in common with the Eupliorhla -mie?,im^ 
 T. cifUndncKS of the Canarian Group. It is, however, smaller and less 
 shining than that species, with its punctation both deeper and more 
 dense, andAvith the spinules of its four hinder tibiae fewer in number. 
 
 Genus 09. SAPEINUS. 
 Erichson, in King. Jahrb. i. 172 (183-4). 
 
 § I. Frons simjile.v (nee transversim carinata). Elytroriim stria srttu- 
 ralis antice plus minus abbreviata. 
 
 (a) Ehjtris Jcete maculatis. 
 
 99. Saprinus equestris. 
 
 §f. ater, nitidus ; fronte dense punctulata, stria in medio obsoleta ; 
 prothorace ubique punctulato, punctis in disco levibus, per basin 
 ipsam majoribus, necnon ad latera majoribus densioribus et rugose 
 subconfluentibus, intra angulos anticos (subtruncate rotundatos) 
 leviter impresso ; elytris ubique punctulatis, punctis in disco antico 
 levissimis, striis circa 5 obliquis abbreviatis plus minus fractis ir- 
 regularibus, necnon suturali antice vix (aut paululum) abbreviata 
 impressis, singulis macula magna transversa trilobata submedia in- 
 tus abbreviata flava ornatis ; pygidio dense punctate ; prosterni 
 striis integris, antice et postice divergentibus ; mesosterno margi- 
 nato, dense et profunde punctate ; antennis ad basin pedibusque 
 nigro-piceis, funiculo tarsisque piceis, clava ferruginea ; tibiis an- 
 ticis obtuse circa 7- denticulatis. — Long. corp. lin. 2i-vix 3. 
 
 Saprinus equestris, Erich., in Wiec/. Arckiv, ix. 226 (1843). 
 
 , Be Mars.. Ami. de la 'Soc. Ent. de France, 358 (1855). 
 
 , Woll, in Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 100 (1861). 
 
 Hahitat 'i>. Yicente ; in cadaveribus stercoreque humane gaudens. 
 
HISTERID^. 83 
 
 This beautiful Srijjrinus — remarkable for the large, transverse, 
 yellow patch ou the outer disk of each elytron, for its sutural stria 
 being but veri/ slightly abbre\'iated iu front, and for its entire upper 
 surface being punctured (the punctures, however, on the prothoracic, 
 and more especially ou the elytral, disk being exceedingly fine and 
 lightly impressed) — was first described by Erichson, in his Paper on 
 supposed "Angolan" Coleoptera. The Sap rial heing insects of a 
 wide geographical range, it is by no means impossible that the S. 
 equesfris may truly occur so far to the south on the African coast ; 
 but since it is now well known that the collector (sent from Berlin) 
 who died in Angola, sojourned in these islands on his outward route, 
 and that his material from the two regions was mixed up indiscri- 
 minately, I think we must require further evidence before conclu- 
 ding that the present Saprinus is really an Angolan one at all. 80 
 far as I have been able to ascertain, it is confined to S. Vicente ; 
 though we may naturally expect that it will at all events be found 
 in S. Antao, and the other neighbouring islands which form the 
 northern division of the archipelago. Nevertheless hitherto it is 
 only in S. Vicente that it has been detected (unless indeed the S. 
 perinterruptus be regarded as a mere variety of it, peculiar to the 
 more southern islands), where it is abundant (in carrion and dung) 
 at low elevations around Porto Grande — a locality in which it was 
 taken not only by myself and Mr. Gray, but by several other col- 
 lectors (including the Rev. Hamlet Clark and Captain F. W. Hutton) 
 who have, on various occasions, touched at S. Vicente. 
 
 100. Saprinus perinterruptus. 
 
 S. prsecedenti similis sed plerumque paulo major atque etiam nitidior 
 (sc. nitidissimus), necnon in disco prothoracis et prsesertim elytro- 
 rum minus evidenter punctulatus (fere quasi impunctatus), horum 
 stria suturali antice magis abbreviate et macula laete rubra (nee 
 flava), mesosterno parcius (tamen profunde) punctato. — Long. corp. 
 Hn. 2|-3. 
 
 Saprinus perinterruptus, De Mars., Ann, de la Soc. Ent. de France, 
 359 (185.5). 
 
 Habitat S. lago, Fogo, et Brava ; stercore humano cadaveribusque, 
 praesertim illo, in inferioribus intermediisque delectatus. 
 
 "Whilst the preceding species has been detected hitherto only in S. 
 Vicente, the present one appears to take its place in the more south- 
 ern islands of the Group — I having captured it in S. lago (where it 
 was found likewise by Mr. Gray), Fogo. and Brava. It occurs both 
 
 g2 
 
81- HlSTERlDiB. 
 
 at low and intermediate elevations — my S. lago examples being 
 from the Villa da Praia and the Ribeira dos Orgaos, the Fogo ones 
 from the Porto da Luz, and the Brava ones from the hills imme- 
 diately below the Povoa^ao. As already implied, I cannot feel quite 
 certain that it is more than a state of the equestns characteristic of 
 the southern division of the archipelago — or, rather, perhaps, that the 
 equestris is more than a small, less highly coloured, and more punctured 
 variety (peculiar to S. Vicente) of the loerinterruptus. Still, since 
 the features (such as they are) which separate the two seem to be per- 
 manent, and the perinterruptus was described as distinct from the 
 equestris by De Marseul, I will not venture to reamalgamate them. 
 As will be gathered from the above diagnosis, the S. perinterruptus 
 differs from the equestris in being on the average a little larger, even 
 still more highly polished, and with its punctation altogether lighter 
 — the punctures on its prothoracic disk being nearly, and those on 
 its elytral disk quite, obsolete. Its elytra likewise have their sutural 
 stria more abbreviated in front, and their patch (instead of being 
 yellow) of a beautifully clear red ; and its mesosternum, although 
 deeply, is not so densely punctured as in that insect*. 
 
 (b) EJytris concolorihus. 
 101. Saprinus semipunctatus. 
 
 S. viridi-cyaneus, submetallicus, nitidus ; fronte punctulatix, mar- 
 ginata, stria tenui Integra sinuata ; prothorace ciliato, versus latera 
 necnon per basin ipsam (medio excepto) nigose pimctato, stria 
 marginali ante angulos posticos tcrminata ; elytris postice parce 
 punctatis (punctis ru medio obsoletis), intra humeros strigis per- 
 paucis irregularibus longitudinaliter notatis, striis profundis, sub- 
 humerali distincta, 1-4 dorsalibus obliqi;is vix ante medium abbre- 
 viatis (4'" suturalique antice valde abbreviatis) ; pygidio dense et 
 profimde punctato ; prosterno piano, striis integris, antice et postice 
 divergentibus ; mesosterno marginato, leviter punctato ; antennis pe- 
 dibusque plus minus paulo picescentioribus. — Long. corp. lin. 3-4. 
 
 Hister semipunctatus, Fab., Eiit. Syst. i. 72 (1792). 
 
 cyaneus, Rmsi, Mant. Faun. Ftrnsc. i. 12 (1792). 
 
 semipunctatus, Payk., Mvn. Hist. 54, tab. iv. f. 8 (1811). 
 
 Saprinus semipunctatus, JJe Mars., Ann. de la Soc. Fnt. de France, 377 
 (1855). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente, et S. lago ; prsecipue in cadaveribus congregans. 
 
 * De Marseul's description would make it appear that there are differences in 
 the pi'osternal stride, tibial dentieiilations, &c. of the S. perinferrujifus, as com- 
 pared with the equestris; but, after a most careful inspection of an extensive 
 series of both species, I cannot detect any j)erinanent differential characters for 
 the former except those to which I have called attention in the above diagnosis. 
 
HISTERID>E. 85 
 
 The dark greenish-blue, subinetallic surface of this large Scqjrimis, 
 combined with the finely ciliated edges of its prothorax, and its 
 greatly abbreviated sutural and fourth " dorsal " strife, will, apart 
 from all minor characters, at once distinguish it from the other 
 species here described. It is an insect of a very extended geographi- 
 cal range, occurring in the south of Europe, Russia, Siberia, Syria, 
 northern Africa, the Azores. Senegal, and even at the Cape of Good 
 Hope. It will most likely be found universally throughout the Cape 
 Verde archipelago ; nevertheless hitherto it has been captured only 
 in S. Vicente and S. lago — where it was taken by Mr. Gray and 
 myself, out of dead animals and carrion, in spots of a low elevation 
 towards the coast. Although so widely diifused, it has not yet been 
 observed in either the Madeiran or Canarian Groups, 
 
 § II. Frons ah epistomate carina {vel lined) transversd distinctd divisa. 
 Elytrorum stria saturalis antice integra (cum quartci dorsali arcua- 
 tim coeiins). 
 
 102. Saprinus Paivae, n. sp. 
 
 S. ovalis, aeneus, nitidus ; f route impunctata sed antice irregulariter 
 bistrigosa, carina transversa grossa recta ; prothorace Isevi, per 
 basin ipsissimam puuctis sat profundis, necnon interdum intra 
 angulos anticos (subporrectos) perpaucis levissimis obsoletis im- 
 presso ; elytrorum dimidia parte postica leviter et parce punctata 
 (punetis versus latera obsoletis), striis profundis, humerali tenui 
 obliqua, 1-4 dorsalibus subaequalibus vix ultra medium ductis ; 
 prosterno sinuate, apice minute carinato, striis ad apicem ipsum 
 disjunctis, in medio subapproximatis, postice divergentibus ; meso- 
 et meta-sternis imjDunctatis ; antennis pedibusque plus minus 
 piceis ; tibiis anticis 5-grosse circa dentatis. 
 
 Var jo. approximata. — Prothorace intra angulos anticos, necnon etiam 
 versus latera, evidenter punctato, elytrorumque parte dimiditi pos- 
 tica paulo densius profundiusque punctata. \_Ins. S. lago.] — Long, 
 corp. Kn. 1^-1 1. 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente, S. lago, et Fogo ; prsecipue in stercore humano 
 in aridis inferioribus gaudens. 
 
 A small stercoraceous Saprinus which was taken abundantly by 
 Mr. Gray and myself, near the sea-beach, in S. Vicente, and subse- 
 quently, in similar situations, in S. lago and Fogo. It is a variable 
 species, not only in size and colour (for, although generally brassy 
 it has sometimes a blackish and at others a slight submetallic tinge), 
 but even in its sculpture ; for in the S. Vicente and Fogo examples 
 the prothorax, except along the extreme basal edge, is nearly, nnd 
 
86 
 
 HISTERIDT, 
 
 often quite, impunctate, whereas in those from S. lago it is distinctly 
 punctulated behind the anterior angles, and even towards the sides. 
 Moreover, these latter individuals (which I have treated as the " var, 
 /3. approximata ") have their elytral punctures also a little denser and 
 more coarse ; but since in every other particular they seem to agree 
 with the specimens from Fogo and S. Vicente, I think that this ten- 
 dency to become somewhat more punctulated is a mere local pecu- 
 liarity, and has no claim to be regarded as a specific difference. 
 
 Although unquestionably distinct from it, the present Saprinus 
 is allied to the S. dimidiatus of Mediterranean latitiides. It differs, 
 however, inter alia, in being, on the average, a little smaller, and of 
 a more brassy (or even greenish-brassy) tinge — in its sculpture 
 being altogether finer, the punctures moreover covering a smaller 
 portion of the elytra — in its prosternum being less sinuate, with the 
 lines less approximated and more evidently shortened anteriorly — 
 and in its meso- and meta-sterna being quite impunctate. 
 
 I have dedicated this tSapriniis to my learned friend the Barao do 
 Castello de Paiva ; and am glad to connect it with a name which is 
 so justly honoured in the scientific annals of Portugal, and which 
 has already been associated with the discovery of some of the most 
 interesting of the Coleopterous forms in the various islands of these 
 Atlantic Groups. 
 
 103. Saprinus geminatus, n. sp. 
 
 S. rotundato-ovalis, ceneus, nitidus ; fronte minute punctulata, carina 
 transversa tenui subrotundata, angulis (oculos baud oceultantibus) 
 obtusis ; prothorace leviter punctulato (punctis in disco fere obso- 
 letis), per basin ipsam profundius punctate, angulis anticis rotun- 
 date obtusis ; elytrorum dimidia parte postica leviter et parce punc- 
 tata (punctis versus latera subobsoletis), striis grossis profundis, 
 humerali tenui obliqua, 1-4 dorsalibTis elongatis longe ultra me- 
 dium ductis (4*'^ paulo breviore), suturali siibarcuata ; prosterno 
 piano, augusto, striis parallelis, postice solum paulo divergentibus, 
 fere integris (ad apicem ipsissimum minutissime disjunctis); me- 
 sosterno parc^ punctate ; antennis pedibusque plus minus rufo- 
 piceis ; tibiis anticis circa 5-dentatis. — Long. corp. lin. vix 1|. 
 
 Habitat S. lago, et Fogo ; in locis similibus ac praecedens. 
 
 A very distinct little Saprinus, easily recognizable by its small 
 size, somewhat rounded outline, brassy hue, and by its four dorsal 
 striae being exceedingly coarse and elongate (the first three, indeed, 
 almost reaching to the apical margin of the elytra). In minor par- 
 ticulars, its anterior prothoracic angles are very blunt and round ; 
 
HISTERID^. 87 
 
 its transverse frontal keel is rather fine, and regularly (though 
 slightly) rounded, with its lateral angles (which do not quite conceal 
 the eyes, beneath them) obtuse ; and its sutm-al stria is appreciably 
 subarcuated in the centre. It is found in company with the S. dl- 
 midiatus, and is doubtless quite as universal throughout the archi- 
 pelago ; nevertheless hitherto it has been captured only in S. lago 
 and Fogo, where I met with it (in dung) at low elevations near the 
 coast. 
 
 104. Saprinus minyops. 
 
 S. rotundato-ovahs, niger vel piceo-niger (rarius subaeneo tinctus), 
 nitidulus ; fronte minute punctulata, semicii'cidari, carina trans- 
 versa (lineato-margiuata) grossa subbisiuuate recta, utrinqiie 
 minutissime sinuata, angulis ipsis (oculos parvos occultantibus) 
 prominulis acutis ; prothorace leviter (praesertim in disco) punctu- 
 lato, per basin ijjsam profuudius punctate, angulis anticis obtusis; 
 elytris leviter punctulatis (puuctis versus has inet latera subobso- 
 letis),*striis profundis, humerah tenui obliqua, 1-4 dorsalibus (l'"^ 
 paulo longiore excepta) vix ultra medium ductis ; prostemo sub- 
 sinuato, angusto, striis subparallelis, apice vix, postice paulo diver- 
 gentibus ; mesosterno parce punctato ; antennis pedibusque plus 
 minus piceis ; tibiis circa 5-dentatis. — Long. corp. lin, vix 1|. 
 
 Saprinus minyops, Woll., Cat. Can. Col. 174 (1864). 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 169 (I860). 
 
 Habitat Fogo ; una cum speciebus praecedentibus degens. 
 
 The only two examples of this very minute Saprinus which I have 
 yet seen from the Cape Yerdes were taken by myself, out of dung, near 
 the Porto da Luz, in Fogo. Whether it is identical with any of the 
 numerous species of De Marseul's Monograph, I will not undertake 
 to decide ; but it is at any rate Canarian, I having captured it in the 
 three eastern islands of that Group. It is, if anything, even smaller 
 than the S.geminatus; but, apart from its size, and its many minor 
 characters, it may be known by being usually almost black (in- 
 stead of brassy), and by its transverse frontal keel being very coarse, 
 bounded behind by a contiguous impressed line, and appearing at 
 first sight to be nearly straight — though when closely inspected it 
 will be seen to be minutely sinuated Tvathin either angle, which 
 latter is rather acute and prominent (so as entirely to conceal the 
 eye, when viewed from above). Its dorsal strise are shorter, and not 
 quite so coarse, as in the last species ; and although the fii'st of them 
 is a trifle longer than is the case in the ordinary Canarian type, the 
 remaining three extend only to about the middle of the elytra. 
 
88 HISTiDRID.C. 
 
 Genus 70. PAROMALUS. 
 
 Erichson, in Klu(j, Jahrb. i. 167 (1834). 
 
 105. Paromalus digitatus, n. sp, 
 
 P. oblongo-ovalis, depressus, nigcr vel piceo-niger, ubique subae- 
 qualiter (paiilo profimdius in elytris) sat dense profundeque punc- 
 tatus ; prosterni striis integris ; elj'tris striis perpancis obliqtiis 
 brevibus valde obscnris interruptis obsoletis versus humeros in- 
 structis ; antennis pedibusque rufo-pieeis, illarum clava testacea ; 
 tibiis anticis latis, arcuatis, extus 4~spiniilosis, ad angulum inter- 
 num in spinam magnam elongatara acutam digitiformem produc- 
 tis ; intermediis cii'ca 3- (minimis exceptis), et posticis circa 2- 
 setoso-spinulosis. — Long. corp. lin. 1. 
 
 Habitat S. lago, et Togo ; sub cortice, in illo Fici sed in hoc 
 EiiplwrhicB, bis captus. 
 
 The comparatively flattened body, and deeply, regularly, and ratber 
 densely punctured surface of tbis little Histerid, added to tbe elon- 
 gate outwardly-directed spine at tbe apex of its anterior tibiae, and 
 tbe fact of its elytra being totally free from striae, if we except a few 
 short, oblique, interrupted, very obscure, and irregular ones towards 
 either shoulder, will at once separate it from everything else with 
 "which we have here to do. In the details of its sterna, antennae, 
 and oral organs I can detect nothing in which it differs structurally 
 from Paromalus — unless it be that its inner maxillary lobe seems 
 (when viewed under a very high power of the microscope) to be 
 armed at the tip with an exceedingly minute, sharp, downwardly- 
 curved hook ; but as the same lobe in my nearly allied genus Eutrip- 
 tus is undoubtedly uncinate at the extremity, I am inclined to suspect 
 that the whole of these immediate forms (despite the usual diagnoses, 
 and the figures given by De Marseul) wall be found in reality with 
 more or less of this structure*. The elongate, outwardly-directed, 
 finger-like spine at the extremity of its fore tibiae is remarkably 
 conspicuous ; but a similar appendage (thoiigh often on a somewhat 
 smaller scale) exists in most of the Paromali and Carcinojii, as it 
 likewise does in the Madeiran and Canarian Eutriptus putricola. 
 Like the normal Paromali, the P. digitatus resides beneath the 
 
 * Since writing the above, I perceive that Duval, with his wonted accuracy, 
 has figured the maxilla of Paromalus correctly. He makes this minute claw, 
 however, which terminates the inner lobe, to be bifid — which I scarcely think is 
 the case in the P. digitatus (now before me) ; though it may very possibly be so 
 in the flavicornis, which he dissected. It would consequently appear that all the 
 characters of the Cape Yerde insect are essentially tho&e of Paromalus. 
 
APHODIAD.E. 89 
 
 bark of trees ; but it is evideutly one of the rarest of the Coleoptera 
 of these islands, where it appears to occur at low and intermediate 
 altitudes. Indeed I have seen but two examples of it, both of which 
 were captured by myself — one, under the dead bark of a native Ficm, 
 close to the Yilla da Praia, in S. lago ; and the other, beneath 
 Uuphorbia-havk, at the Monte K'ucho, in Pogo. 
 
 Fam. 23. APHODIAD^. 
 
 Genus 71. APHODIUS. 
 Illiger, Kdf. Preuss. i. 28 (1798). 
 
 106. Aphodius tseniatus. 
 
 Aphodius tfeniatus, Tf o//., Cat. Can. Coll. 189 (1864). 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 177 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Yicente, S. lago, Fogo, et Brava ; stercus, 
 praecipue in aridis inferioribus, colens. 
 
 An Apliodius which I first detected in the two eastern islands of 
 the Canarian Group, and one which is widely spread over the Cape 
 Verde archipelago — where we may be almost sure that it will be 
 found eventually to be universal. It occurs in dung, especially at 
 low elevations, having been taken by myself at Tarrafal in the south 
 of S. Antao, as well as in S. Yicente, near the Yilla da Praia in 
 S. lago, and around the Porto da Luz in Fogo — in which last island, 
 and in Brava, it was met with likewise by Mr. Gray. From S. Yi- 
 cente it has also been communicated by Mr. Miller. It may easily 
 be recognized by its cylindrical outline, and by its head, prothorax, 
 and a broad sutural band being black (or nearly so), while the rest 
 of its elytra are testaceous. It is a good deal aUied to the common 
 European A. nitidulus — though, I believe, as elsewhere stated, truly 
 distinct from it. 
 
 107. Aphodius lividus. 
 
 Scarabaeus lividus, Oliv., Ent. i. 3. 86 (1789). 
 Aphodius Uvidus, Woll, Ins. Mad. 22-5 (1854). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 78 (1857). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 191 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 178 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Yicente, S. Nicolao, S. lago, et Fogo ; in ster- 
 core, late sed vix copiose diffusus. 
 
 The widely spread A. Uvidus — which occurs in most parts of 
 
90 APIIODlAD.i:. 
 
 Europe, in northern and western Africa*, as well as in the Madeiran 
 and Canarian Groups, and which was obtained by Mr. Bewicke even 
 at St. Helena — we may be pretty sure will be ascertained to be uni- 
 versal throughout the Cape Yerde archipelago. It is found in dung, 
 at most elevations, but does not appear anywhere to be abundant. 
 It Avas taken by Mr. Gray and myself in S. Antao, S. lago, and 
 Pogo, and also by the former in S. Nicolao; while from S. Vicente it 
 has been received by the Barao do Castello de Paiva. Its short, 
 cylindric outline, very glossy surface, and pale lurid hue — the head, 
 prothorax, and elytral suture being more or less darkly infuscated — 
 combined with the large punctures which are scattered irregularly 
 and sparingly over its (basally immarginate) prothorax, will suffice 
 to distinguish it. 
 
 108. Aphodius Paivanus, n. sp. 
 
 A. cylindricus, nitidus, piceo-niger in limbo plus minus paulo dilu- 
 tior ; capite dense punctulato ; prothorace magno, convexo, pro- 
 funde et parcissime punctato punctulisque minutissimis (vix ob- 
 servandis) interjectis irrorato, basi immarginato ; elytris argute 
 crenato-striatis, in interstitiis minutissime (vix perspicue) parceque 
 punctulatis ; antennis palpisque testaceis ; pedibus rufo-j)iceis. 
 
 Mas tubercuhs frontalibus (praesertim medio) distinctioribus. — Long. 
 Corp. lin. l|^-vix 2. 
 
 Habitat Fogo, et Brava ; in locis similibus ac prsecedens. 
 
 Obs. — A. livido nimis affinis, sed fere niger vel piceo-niger (nee 
 saturate pallidas et hinc inde fusco pietus), ad latera (prtesertim 
 antice) minus ciliatus, clypeo mox ante oculos vix magis rotun- 
 dato-exstanti, prothorace submajore, subconvexiore punctisque 
 magnis densius irrorato. In honorem amici mei Baronis Castello 
 de Paiva huic Aphodio nomen triviale dedi. 
 
 It is just possible that this may be but a dark (and otherwise 
 somewhat altered) state of the A. lividus ; but although I have ex- 
 amined a considerable series of it, as well as of the latter, I cannot 
 detect any intermediate links between the two. Apart from its 
 mere colour — which is almost black, or i^iceous-black, though a little 
 diluted towards the sides — it differs in being less evidently ciliated 
 at the edges (which is very perceptible anteriorly), in its clypeus 
 being a trifle more rounded outwards immediately in front of either 
 eye, and in its prothorax (which is perhaps, if anything, somewhat 
 larger) being more densely besprinkled with coarse punctures. I 
 
 * I captured it at Mogadore, on the coast of Morocco, and possess Egyptian 
 examples which were taken by the late Mr. Melly. 
 
ATilODlAV.^. 91 
 
 observed it only in the southern jjart of the arehipehigo, namelyj 
 near the Porto da Luz in Fogo, and in the Eibeira do Sorno in 
 Brava- — in which latter island it was found likewise by Mr. Gray. 
 I have had much pleasure in dedicating it to the Barao do Castello 
 de Paiva, whose varied labours in the cause of Natural History are 
 well known — not only in Portugal, but throughout the scientific 
 world. 
 
 109. Aphodius Rendallii, n. sp. 
 
 A. subcylindricus, nitidus, testaceus ; capite prothoraceque vix magis 
 obscuris, profunde ajquahter pnnctatis, illius clypeo valde sinuate 
 (mox ante oculos rotundato-exstanti), hoc bre^a, convexo, ad latera 
 valde rotundato, basi immarginato; elytris sat profunde punctato- 
 striatiSjUiterstiitissubconvexis etparcissime sub-uniseriatim punc- 
 tulatis. — Long. corp. lin. 1|. 
 
 Habitat S. Yicente ; juxta oiDpidulum Porto Grande semel repertus. 
 
 Obs. — Species A. livklo vix minor, vix minns cyHndrica et ma- 
 gis pallida, capite prothoraceque densius et subaequaliter pimctatis 
 (nee parcissime irregulariter pnnctatis punctulisque minutissimis 
 interjectis adspersis), hoc breviore convexiore ad latera magis ro- 
 tundato, cl}"|3eo magis siunato (mox ante oculos magis rotundato- 
 exstanti), elytris profundius subpunctato- (nee argute crenulato-) 
 striatis, interstitiis convexioribus ac punctulis etiam paucioribus 
 conspicueque majoribus (tamen minutis) subseriatim notatis. 
 Aphodius valde distinctus, et in honorem G. K. Eendall, armigeri, 
 in insula Sancti Yincentii Celebris, ob gratias nobis benigne oblatas, 
 amicil mente citatus. 
 
 The single specimen from which the above diagnosis has been 
 compiled was taken by myself, near Porto Grande, in S. Vicente ; 
 but as I have no means of ascertaining whether it is completely 
 matiu'e, it \& possible that the species which it represents may not be 
 quite so pallid as I have been compelled to describe it. It is closely 
 allied to the A. lividus ; but, apart from its paler hue (which may, 
 or may not, be a distinctive feature), it is apparently a trifle smaller 
 and somewhat less cylindrical than that insect ; its head and protho- 
 rax are much more densely, and equally, studded with large punc- 
 tures (in lieu of the few large ones, and minute ones intermixed, 
 which characterize the lividus), and the latter is shorter, convexer, 
 and more rounded at the sides ; its clypeus is more sinuate, being 
 more suddenly rounded outwards immediately in front of either eye; 
 and its elytra have their striae deeper, and more evidently and spa- 
 ringly punctured (instead of crenulate), with their interstices less 
 depressed, and more rcmotehj studded with larger (though, at the 
 
92 APHODIAD.E. 
 
 same time, very minute) punctules — which have a slight tendency 
 to arrange themselves in longitudinal rows*. 
 
 I have dedicated this Apliodius to G. K. RendaU, Esq., of S. Vi- 
 cente ; to whose kindness we were much indebted, in various ways, 
 during our sojourn in that island, and on whose property at Madei- 
 ralzinho some of our most valuable and characteristic insects were 
 collected. 
 
 Genus 72. RHYSSEMUS. 
 Mulsant, X«»!eZ/(V. de France, 314 (1842). 
 
 110. Rhyssemus rugatus, n. sp. 
 
 R. subovato-elougatus, rugosus, opacus, niger vel piceo-niger, in 
 limbo vix subdilutior ; capite grosse tuberculato, in fronte gibbo 
 et plus minus rugato ; prothorace fortiter ciliato, postice angus- 
 tato, angulis anticis porrectis, ingequali, tuberculato, costis magnis 
 obtusis, plus minus undulatis irregularibus (subbasali in medio 
 omnino, et reliquis stepius fere, fractis) circa 5 transversim in- 
 structo ; elytris profunde striatis, in striis necnon in interstitiis 
 (prsesertim postice subcostato-elevatis) seriatim tuberculatis ; pedi- 
 bus validis, rufo-piceis, tibiis anticis extus longe tridentatis. — 
 Long. Corp. lin. 1|-1|. 
 
 Hahitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, S. lago, et Fogo ; sub quisquiliis, prae- 
 sertim in humidis atque etiam in aquosis, late diffusus. 
 
 Eound beneath decaying vegetable refuse in damp, and even 
 watery, spots — principally at intermediate, but sometimes at low, 
 elevations. It is widely spread over the archipelago, where in all 
 probability it is universal. Indeed I am far from satisfied that it is 
 specifically distinct from three examples in my possession which 
 were taken by the late Mr. Melly in Egypt ; so that it may perhaps 
 be an insect of an extended African range. Yet, on the other hand, 
 I should mention that I forwarded it to the Baron Harold, while he 
 was engaged in monographing the Aplwdiadce, who returned it as a 
 new species of Rhyssemus — which would hardly have been the case 
 if it were identical with an ordinary north- African formf. Whether, 
 
 * From the A. rufus (found in Mediterranean latitudes, and at Madeira) the 
 A. EendaUii differs principally in its head and prothorax (the latter of which is 
 rather shorter, convexer, and more rounded at the sides) being much more 
 coarsely, sparingly, and equally punctured, in its clypeus being more sinuate, 
 in its elytra having their striie deeper and more remotely punctured, and the 
 punctules of their interstices (although small) less minute, and more distant than 
 is the case in that species, and in its tibiae being more powerfully armed with 
 spiniform setje. 
 
 t Mr. Melly's Egyptian specimens are, if anything, a trifle smaller, with their 
 prothorax just appreciably more abbreviated, and their elytral striae not quite so 
 
trogid.t:. 93 
 
 however, it be found on the African continent, or not, it is at least 
 very general throughout the Cape Verde Group — having been taken 
 by Mr. Gray and myself at Tarrafal, as well as in the Ribeira Fria, 
 the Ribeira das Patas, the Ribeira da Babosa, «&:c. in S. Antao, at 
 Madeiralzinho in S. Yicente, and near the Villa da Praia at S'^ Ca- 
 tharina, and in the Orgaos ravine of S. lago ; and I subsequently 
 met with it at the Fonte of the Monte Nucho, in Fogo. From 
 S. Vicente it has also been communicated by the English Consul, 
 Mr. Miller. 
 
 As may be gathered from the above diagnosis, the opake and 
 roughly sculptured surface of this insect — which has its prothorax 
 deeply grooved across with three or four wide irregular channels, 
 which consequently shape-out between them a few (more or less 
 broken, or interrupted) transverse costae, whilst its elytra are densely 
 crowded with longitudinal tubercles (not merely down their strite, 
 but also down their subcostate interstices) — will at once remove it 
 from everything else included in the present volume. 
 
 Fam. 24. TROGID^. 
 
 Genus 73. TROX. 
 Fabricius, Ent. Syst. i. 86 (1792). 
 
 111. Trox nobilis, n. sp. 
 
 T. oblongus, niger, squamxilis lutosis fulvo-cinereis densissime teetus ; 
 scuteUo hastato ; elytris laxe substriato-punctatis (jranctis magnis), 
 in interstitiis seriatim sed subirregulariter minute tuberculatis (tu- 
 berculis singulis setula brevissima suberecta fulvescente instructis), 
 sutura interstitiisque alternis distinctesed obtuse (reliquis vix) ele- 
 vatis necnon subinterruptis tessellatis — quasi nodos elongates sub- 
 cinereos (fascicula tuberculorum minutorum obsitos), inter se spa- 
 tio glabro nigro divisos, efficientibus ; margine externo integro (nee 
 crenulato) ; pedibus (saltern posterioribus) robustis, setosis, nigris, 
 extus et supra (nee intra) squamulis lutosis fulvo-cinereis densis- 
 sime tectis. — Long. corp. lin. circa 6^ (forsan etiam 7). 
 
 Habitat Fogo ; in statu fracto, mortuo, sub lapidibus, in collinis aridis 
 maritimis juxta Porto da Luz leetus. 
 
 The dead and mutilated remains of this gigantic Trox were found 
 by Mr. Gray and myself, beneath stones, on the diy maritime cliff 
 
 con spicuously furnished with longitudinally-disposed tubercles; but diifereuoes 
 thus small, and doubtful, may possibly indicate no more than a slight geographi- 
 cal variety of the Cape Yerde species. 
 
94 CETONIAD.^. 
 
 immediately above the landing-place at the Porto da Luz, in Fogo ; 
 and although we could not obtain more than the posterior half of it 
 in a perfect state, yet the elytral sculpture and clothing are so well 
 defined that I feel sure the above diagnosis "will amply suffice, at any 
 future time, to identify the species ; and it seems to me very unde- 
 sirable that so imjjortant and conspicuous an insect should (through 
 the mere fact of its prothorax and anterior legs not having been ex- 
 amined) be omitted from the present volume. In Erichson's Paper 
 on supposed "Angolan" Coleoptera tvro species of T/ur are described 
 • — one of which (the T. varicosus) might, so far as its size is concerned, 
 suit the T. nohilis; but there is apparently little else in which it would 
 agree with the latter ; whilst the other (T. raduh), although with a 
 hastate scutellum like the one under consideration, is altogether smaller, 
 with its lateral margin crenulated, and evidently different in a variety 
 of particulars, I am satisfied, however, that, if any collector should 
 be fortunate enough to procure this noble insect from the Cape Yerdes, 
 he will find no practical difficulty in recognizing it from the partial 
 description which I have given above. 
 
 Fam. 25. CETONIAD^. 
 
 Genus 74. DIPLOGNATHA. 
 
 Gory et Percheron, Mon. des Cet. 31 (1833). 
 
 112. Diplognatlia gagates. 
 
 D. elongato-subquadrata, subtus nigra, supra clare castanea nitidis- 
 sima glabra ; capite nigTescentiore, subquadrato, profunde et dense 
 pimctato, utrinque ante oculos grosse longitudinaliter costato, mar- 
 gine antico elevato ; prothorace antice angustato, ad latera rotun- 
 date sinuato et (prtesertim in medio) grosse marginato, antice et 
 prsesertim utrinque punctis inaequalibus parce irrorato ; scutello 
 magno, triangulari, xix obscuriore, omnino elytrisque fere impunc- 
 tatis, malleato-inaequahbus, singulis in disco postico foveola media 
 impressis, mox ante apicem in medio gibbis, necnon ad angulum 
 ipsum suturalem paululum subelevato-ampliatis ; pygidio, antennis 
 pedibusque nigris, tibiis anticis extus fortiter tridentatis. — Long, 
 corp. lin. 11. 
 
 ScarabfBus gagates, Forsf., Nov. Spec. Ins. 6 (1771). 
 Cetonia gagates, Fab., Si/st. Ent. 49 (1775). 
 
 , Oliv., Ent. i.e. 26 (1789). 
 
 Diplognatha gagates, Gory et Perch., he. cit. 123, pi. 18. f. 1 (1833). 
 
 Habitat Brava ; sub lapide quodam, in terram fodiens, exemplar uni- 
 cum in montibus collcgi. 
 
ELATERID.^. 95 
 
 This large, highly -polished, aud beautifully castaneous Dlplo- 
 gnatha is the only Cetoniad as yet detected in the Cape Verde archi- 
 pelago ; and eveu it is unique — the solitaiy example from which my 
 diagnosis has been compiled haying been captured by myself, about 
 1200 feet above the sea, in the island of Brava. It was in the cul- 
 tivated region immediately below the Povoagao that I met with it — 
 neai'ly bui'ied in the soil, under a block of stone, in one of the nume- 
 rous Eanana-grounds for which that district is so famous. In a lo- 
 cality thus remote it is difficult to believe that the species is not truly 
 indigenous ; nevertheless the excessive rarity of the larger Lamelli- 
 corns throughout the w7iole of these Atlantic Groups, added to the fact 
 of the specimen being the only representative of its particular Section 
 which has hitherto been brought to light, might almost tempt us to 
 suspect that it may have become naturalized in Brava through some 
 accidental transportation from the African coast — where it appears 
 to be common. It is recorded principally from Senegal and Guinea, 
 but I believe that its range extends much further to the south. 
 Indeed the example before me might in some respects agree better 
 with the silicea, of MacLeay, from Xatal ; but since the latter is now 
 regarded as a mere variety of the gagates, it is scarcely necessary to 
 decide for certain whether this be the case or not. 
 
 Fam. 26. ELATERID^. 
 
 Genus 75. HETERODERES. 
 
 Lati'eille, Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de France^ iii. loo (1834). 
 
 113. Heteroderes grisescens. 
 
 H. elongatus, postice atteuuatus, subopacus, uiger sed pube grisca 
 sericea brevi minuta densissime vestitus, antennis rufo-, palpis 
 pedibusque testaceis ; capite prothoraceque parce subtiliter i^unc- 
 tatis pimctulisque miuoribus subtilissimis intermediis dense tectis, 
 hoc elongate angulis posticis valde productis ; elytris argute cre- 
 nato-striatis, in interstitiis subtilissime et densissime punctulatis. 
 ■ — Long. Corp. lin. 4|-5|. 
 
 Cryptohypnus grisescens, Germ., Zeitsch. v. lol (1844). 
 Monocrepidiiis ? Grajai, WoIL, Ann. Nat. Hist. xx. 505 (1857). 
 Heteroderes gilsescens, Candlze, Mon. Elat. ii. 377 (1859). 
 , Woll, Ann. Nat. HL4. vii. 100 (1861). 
 
 Hahitat S. Vicente, et Fogo ; sub lapidibus ramulisque plantarum 
 fractis desiccatis emortuis humi jacentibus, prteciinie in aiidis 
 apricis inferioribus, veloeissime currens. 
 
96 
 
 MALACHIAD.E. 
 
 Tliis insect is especially interesting, from tlie fact of its being the 
 only member of the vast family Elateridce which has hitherto been 
 found in the Cape Yerde archipelago. I have elsewhere commented 
 on the extreme scarcity of the Elaterids throughout the t(^7(o7e of these 
 Atlantic islands, — the little genus Coptostethus (which is but just re- 
 presented at the Madeiras, and has six closely allied exponents at the 
 Canaries) embracing all the members of it as yet detected in the two 
 more northern Groups. In the Cape Yerdes, however, that particular 
 form does not seem to exist, the comparatively gigantic Heteroderes 
 griseseens (an insect of a wide geographical range, having been re- 
 corded from Mesopotamia, Syria, Egypt, and Senegal) taking the 
 place of the Coptosteihi. Although we may expect that it will be 
 found eventually to be pretty general, it is only in S. Yicente and 
 Fogo that the H. griseseens has (up to the present time) been observed. 
 In the former of these it was met with by Mr. Gray and the Rev. 
 Hamlet Clark, during December 1856, as also by Mr. A. Fry and Mr. 
 Miller; whilst in the latter I took it, rather abundantly, beneath 
 stones (and the dry, broken -up sticks of small plants), during February 
 1866, around S. Filippe and the Porto da Luz. 
 
 Fam. 27. MALACHIADiE. 
 
 Genus 76. PECTEEOPUS. 
 WoUaston, Ins. Mad. 247 (18o4). 
 
 It is not impossible that the curious little Malacoderm described 
 below may constitute the type, eventually, of a separate genus; never- 
 theless with the evidence to be gleaned from merely a single specimen, 
 and that one not only a female hvii perhaps imperfectly developed, I 
 will regard it for the present as a Pecteropns, — believing that the front 
 feet of its male sex (when obtained) wiU show the unmistakeable 
 structure which characterizes that group and Attains. If the indi- 
 vidual however from which my diagnosis has been drawn out is a 
 normal one of its kind, I have no doubt that, sooner or later, a genus 
 must be established to receive it ; for, apart from its extraordinarv 
 fades and sculpture, its elytra are most anomalously abbreviated, and 
 subventricose behind — where each of them is separately rounded off 
 at scarcely more than the midway point between the base of the pro- 
 thorax and the extremity of the abdomen, occasioning the latter to be 
 marvellously exposed. Yet, until further material has been procured, 
 I cannot feel positive that this is not accidental, and dependent on 
 
malachiadjE. 97 
 
 some miscarriage, or lapsus naturcB, in the development. Be this how- 
 ever as it may, its other characters are also so remarkable that it is 
 impossible to confound the species with anything else here enume- 
 rated. 
 
 The anteriorly-narrowed outline and depressed oval head of this 
 Malacoderm are more in accordance with Pecteropus than with Atta- 
 lu^ ; but its eyes are smaller than is the case in either of those groups ; 
 whilst its uniformly dull-black surface, which is nevertheless clothed 
 with a short decumbent silvery pubescence, its extremely flattened 
 prothorax, apterous body, short, transverse scutellum, basally-attenu- 
 ated elytra, and very singular sculpture — the head and prothorax 
 being quite impunctate, but most densely and coarsely alutaceous, 
 whilst the elytra are closely roughened with infinitesimal tubercles 
 and punctures which are intermixed (much after the fashion of some 
 of the Meloes) with larger injequaKties or wrinkles — all combine to 
 give it a very unusual appearance. 
 
 114. Pecteropus Milleri, n. sp. 
 
 P. apterus, niger sed pube brevi demissa argenteo-cinerea ubique ves- 
 titus ; capite prothoraceque depressis, valde opacis, minutissime 
 densissimeque granulatis (aut alutaceis), illo ovali oculis parvis, hoc 
 antice rotundato, postice angustiore, basi recte marginato ; scutello 
 parvo, brevi, transverse; elytris vix minus ojiacis, antice angustatis, 
 (in specimine nostro, sed an semper?) bre\issimis, abdomine multo 
 brevioribus, postice gradatim iirflatis, ad apicem siugulatim rotun- 
 datis, ubique densissime et minutissime (vix perspicue) punctulatis 
 atque subtuberculatim rugulosis, necnonrugis majoribus paulovage- 
 que scabrosis ; antennis pedibusque nigris elongatis, his gracilibus. 
 — Long. corp. lin. 1|-. 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; in excelsioribus k cl. T. Miller, armig", in inss. 
 Cap. Viridis Consule Britannico, semel deprehensus, cujus in 
 honorem ob gratias oblatas nomen triviale proposui. 
 
 The single specimen described above was taken by T. Miller, Esq., 
 H.B.M. Consul for the Cape Verdes, in S. Yicente — I beKeve, at a 
 high elevation, on Monte Verde ; and it is peculiarly interesting as 
 being the only member of the great Section Malacodermata (as now 
 usually limited) which has hitherto been found in the Cape Verde 
 archipelago. This latter fact however may be chiefly owing to our 
 having explored the islands during the winter months, and in the 
 driest season which had been known for several years — when flowers 
 (and, consequen tly, flower-infesting insects) wouldnaturally be scarce; 
 for it is hardly likely that a department of the Coleoptera which is 
 
98 CLERID^. 
 
 numerously represented in the Canaries, and tolerably so at Madeira, 
 should be almost absent from the more southern Group. I have had 
 much pleasure in dedicating it to its worthy captor, whose long resi- 
 dence in S. Vicente has been of such signal benefit to that island, and 
 to whose kindness and local knowledge we were vastly indebted diuring 
 our late trip. 
 
 Fam. 28. CLERID^. 
 
 Genus 77. AFTEROCLERUS (uov. gen.). 
 
 Corpus apterum, pubescens, nigro testaceoque pictum ; capite sat 
 magno convexo, ocuVis subgrosse granulatis, intus emarginatis ; pro- 
 thorace transverso-subquadrato, ad angiilos posticos obtuse rotun- 
 dato ; eJytris brevibus, fusiformibus, punctato-striatis. Antennce 
 fere ut in Thanasimo, sed apicem versus etiam minus incrassatse, 
 articulis subgracilioribus, ult° penultimo paulo majore, ovato sed 
 apice suboblique jDauloacuminato. Labrum membranaceum,trans- 
 versum, antiee profunde bilobum ac longe parceque pubescens. 
 il/rt;u?;6»7femagn3e,valid8e,eorneae, apice integrse, longe infra apicem 
 deute brevi obtuso armatse. Maxillarum lohis latis, apice dense 
 pubescentibus ; interno brevi, inarmato, intus membrana angusta 
 tenuissima aucto. Falpi maxilJares breviusculi, art" 1™° parvo sub- 
 flexuoso, 2*^° et 3*'° majoribus subtequalibus, ult° paulo longiore 
 subfusiformi sed basi truncato : lahiales e scapis magnis ligulae con- 
 natis surgentes, lougissimi, art" 1'"° brevi obHquo, 2'^° elongate ver- 
 sus apicem gradatim paulo latiore, ult° maximo securiformi. Me7i- 
 tum membranaceum, angulis anticis obtuse rotundatis. Liyulct 
 profunde biloba, lobis divergentibus, pubescentibus. Pedes fere ut 
 in Thanasimo et Clero, subcrassi, nnr/uicuh's hand membrana appen- 
 diculatis sed processu basali dentiformi interno auctis ; femorihus 
 posticis abdomine multo brevioribus. 
 
 Ab anrepos, apterus, et CJerus. 
 
 It is possible that the present genus may be identical with Chevro- 
 lat's DozocoUetus from southern Africa, with which in the rather small 
 size, apterous, pubescent body, somewhat enlarged head, and ante- 
 riorly-narrowed, punctate-striate, brownish-testaceous (but more or 
 less darkly fasciated) elytra of its tj'pe it would seem to agree ; ne- 
 vertheless in that group the terminal joint of the antennae is said to 
 be longer than the preceding two united (" plus long que les deux 
 precedents reunis "), whereas in the Cape Yerde insect it is scarcely 
 longer (though of course wider) than the penultimate one alone — • 
 being much as in the ordinary Thamtsimi ;, and the prothorax ap- 
 pears from the diagnosis to be constricted posteriorly, after the 
 usual pattern which obtains in Thanashnus and Citrus (instead of 
 
CLEBID^. 99 
 
 being, if anything, rather enlarged behind, and only rounded-off ob- 
 tusely at the basal angles). I liave therefore thought it better to 
 enunciate it as a new groiip ; for there is certainly no other to which 
 it can be referred, if it be distinct from DozocoUetus. 
 
 What may be the habits, in southern Africa, of the Dozocolhti I 
 cannot tell ; but the Cape Verde insect is dependent on the Euphor- 
 bias, to which indeed I believe it to be exclusively attached. There 
 is an eccentricity, however, in its mode of life which I have not before 
 remarked iu any representative of this immediate family ; for although 
 there cannot be much doubt that it xmdergoes its transformations 
 within the decayed Eitpho^^bia-stevis, it nevertheless in the perfect 
 state as frequently occurs beneath stones as in connexion with the 
 former, — thus exhibiting a kind of ho-l-ing propensity unprecedented 
 in the Clerklce, but for which its aj^terous body would seem to adapt it. * 
 
 115. Apteroclerus fusiformis, n. sp, 
 
 A. nigro- vel piceo-brunneus, in elytris testaceo pictus, antennis, pal- 
 pis pedibusque testaceis, subnitidus, pxibe moUi subdemissa fulva 
 vestitus pilisque perpaucis longioribus suberectis (prsesertim antice) 
 adspersus ; capite prothoraceque dense tuberculato-punctulatis (i. e. 
 punctulis singulis, prsecipue in hoc, in tubercula singula minuta im- 
 pressis), illo magno convexo, hoc transverso-subquadrato, intra an- 
 gulos posticos (obtuse rotundatos) malleato-impresso, antice saepius 
 dilutiore, pone apicem transversim eonstricto, basi grosse marginato, 
 in disco jjostico grossius tuberculato; elytris brevibus, fusiformibus 
 (etiam antice sensim angustatis), punctato-striatis (punctis antice 
 magnis, postice evanescentibus) punctulisque minutissimis dense 
 irroratis, brunneo-testaceis, in fascia magna dentata transversa me- 
 dia, altera subbasali tenui valde obliqua indistincta, et tertia versus 
 apicem parva obscura transversa utrinque abbreviata interdum 
 fracta, nigro ornatis. — Long, corp. lin. 2^-3^. 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; inter Eujiliorhias, atque etiam sub lapidibus, in 
 montibus degens. 
 
 Found at a high elevation in S. Vicente, where it appears to be at- 
 tached to the Euphorbias, It was first captured by Mr. Miller, the 
 English Consul, on the summit of Monte Verde — a locality in which 
 it was afterwards met with by myself and Mr. Gray. It is, however, 
 decidedly scarce ; and it occurs not only on the Euphorbias themselves, 
 but likewise beneath stones in their immediate vicinity, — a somewhat 
 singular habit for a Clerid. 
 
 Genus 78. MICROCLERUS (nov. gen.). 
 
 Instrumenta ciharla, color, vestitus prothoracis(\ne forma fere ut in- 
 
 h2 
 
100 CLERID^.. 
 
 genere praecedente, sed palporum niaxillarium articnhis ultimus 
 apioem versus sensim acutior : corpus miuoris magnitudinis, alatum 
 (nee apterum) ; aqnte minus incrassato, ondis minus grosse granu- 
 latis ; eh/tris longioribus, magis parallelis, minusque sculpturatis 
 (i. e. multo minus evideuter punctato-striatis, sed magis subtuber- 
 culato- vage rugulosis) ; uecnon antennis pedihuSi:^Q gracilioribus, 
 illis versus apicem vix incrassatis. 
 
 A fjiKpos, parvus, et Chrus. 
 
 Although with nearly the same kind of prothorax, coloration, and 
 clothing, the members of the present genus seem to differ from those 
 of the preceding one in being smaller, with their head rather less de- 
 cidedly enlarged, and in having their limbs slenderer (their antennae 
 being even still less thickened towards the apex), their wings (as in 
 the ordinaiy Clerids) fully developed, their elytra longer, more pa- 
 rallel, and much less evidently punctate-striate, and their eyes less 
 coarsely granulated. 
 
 The oral organs of M'lcroclerus and Apteroderus are similar, except 
 that in the former the terminal joint of the maxillary palpi is a little 
 more acuminated towards its apex ; and they are almost identical, in 
 both genera, with those of Thanasimus. Moreover, since the Micro- 
 cleri are winged, tJm/ approach the Thanasimi even further still ; but, 
 apart from all minor features, the shape of their prothorax (a most 
 significant item in the CUridce) will at once characterize them. In- 
 deed the structure of the latter is exactly the same as in the preceding 
 genus — not being constricted behind (or triangularly-impressed on 
 the fore disk) as in the Thanasimi and Cleri, but somewhat quadrate 
 and simply rounded-off at the basal angles. In addition to this, how- 
 ever, the Microderi are much smaller and more pilose than the Thana- 
 simi ; their elytra (which are testaceous, and variegated with blackish- 
 brown markings) are relatively narrower, being no broader than 
 the widest part of their prothorax — which is densely tuberculose on 
 its posterior disk ; and their limbs are proportionally somewhat longer 
 and, especially as regards the antennae, slenderer. 
 
 If the preceding genus seems to have a good deal in common with 
 Bozocolletus from southern Africa, the present one might perhaps 
 (judging from the diagnosis) be affiliated with Derestemis from Mexico. 
 At any rate the latter (which occupies the same i^osition amongst the 
 CUridce as this one does) is the only group hitherto published with 
 which, structurally, it can be compared — though I think (in the ab- 
 sence of a type) it is extremely improbable that it will be found to 
 coincide with it. Thus (if we may trust the description ) the antennae 
 
CLERID.E, 
 
 101 
 
 of Derestenus appear to be shorter and more robust tLan those of 3Ii- 
 croclerus, with their second articulation less abbreviated, and their 
 terminal one no wider than the preceding tvro ; the prothorax is stated 
 to be tuberculose on its anterior (instead of posterior) disk ; the legs 
 are probably shorter ; and the claws (in addition to their basal tooth) 
 are said to be appendiculated. 
 
 116. Microclerus Dohrnii, n. sp. 
 
 M. piceo- vel rufo-brunneus, in eiytris testaceo pictus, antennis (gra- 
 cillimis), palpis pedibusque testaceis sed hinc inde nigro infuscatis, 
 subnitidus, pube moUi demissa fulva vestitus piLisque longissimis 
 erectis plerumque nigrescentibus ubique adspersus ; capite protho- 
 raceque parce subtuberculato-puuctulatis, iUo parum magno sub- 
 convexo, hoc transverso-subquadrato, intra angulos posticos (obtuse 
 rotundatos) malleato-impresso, pone apicem transversim constricto, 
 basi marginato, in disco postico nigrescentiore acdensius grossiusque 
 tuberculato ; eiytris subovato-elongatis (sc. pone medium sensim 
 latioribus), leviter, laxe et confuse punctato-striatis necnon subtu- 
 berculato- vage rugosis, brunneo-testaceis,fasciis nigrescentibus (sed 
 magis confusis ac magis conflueutibus) ut in Apterodero fusiformi 
 oruatis. — Long. corp. lin. 2. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao ; inter Euphorbias ad Sellada de Gar§a a cL H. Dohrn, 
 M.D., semel repertus. 
 
 In its just appreciably more punctate-striate, and somewhat less 
 parallel, elytra (which, from being a little widened behind the middle, 
 appear rather narrowed anteriorly), as well as in its slightly more de- 
 veloped head, and in the darker, or more fulvescent, hue of its de- 
 cumbent under-pile (which causes its testaceous parts to seem less 
 paUid), this insect might be supposed at first sight, and when com- 
 pared with the folio vnng one, to occupy a sort of intermediate position 
 between the latter and the Apteroclerus fusiformis — though a closer 
 inspection wiU show that in all its structural details it belongs in reality 
 to the same group as the Microclerus eupliorbice. Indeed we may ex- 
 pect that it will prove to be strictly the representative of that S. 
 Vicente species in the neighbouring island of S. Antao — where a single 
 example of it was met with, amongst Euphorbias, at the Sellada de 
 Garga, by Dr. H. Dohi'n (in commemoration of which I have conse- 
 quently proposed for it the above trivial name). 
 
 117. Microclerus euphorbiae, n. sp. 
 
 M. praecedentisimilis, sed pube molli demissa sensim pallidiore ; eiytris 
 parallelis (nee posticesubampliatis), etiam obsoletius subpunctato- 
 striatis sed punctulis minutissimis evidentius irroratis, fasciis sub- 
 
102 CLERID.'E. 
 
 nigresccntibus etiam magis fractis magisque eonfusis ; prothorace 
 in disco postico (nigro) dcnsiiis grossiusqiie tuberciilato ; anteniiis 
 Tix brevioribns, vix minus gracilibus. — Long. corp. lin. If-SI. 
 
 JIahitat S. Vicente ; in summo ipso Montis Yiridis inter Euphorbias 
 lectus. 
 
 Like the Apferoclerus fnsifo't'mis, this insect resides at a high eleva- 
 tion amongst the Euphorbias of S. Vicente, ha\dng been taken by Mr. 
 Gray and myself on the extreme summit of Monte Verde. Its small 
 size, narrow outline, and parallel elytra (which are confusedly fasci- 
 ated with dark-brown and testaceous markings, and, although a little 
 wrinkled or uneven, very obsoletely subpunctate-striate), combined 
 with the exceedingly long and erect additional hairs with which it is 
 studded, and the fact of its hinder prothoracic disk being dark and 
 very closely covered with coarse tubercles, will sufficiently distinguish 
 it*. It would seem to represent in these islands the Clerus Paivce of 
 the Canarian archipelago, which is in like manner of Eiiphorhia-in- 
 festing habits ; but the latter (although certainly not a true Clerus, 
 as now restricted and understood) belongs to a somewhat different 
 group (most nearly allied to our present one), in which the limbs are 
 less elongate, the antennge more thickened towards their apex, the 
 prothorax shorter and free from tubercles, and the elytra (like the 
 head and prothorax) nearly black — the transverse fasciae being formed 
 of decumbent cinereous pubescence, and not of testaceous markings. 
 In their oral organs, however, the Cape Verde and Canarian species 
 are almost identical; so perhaps they may represent but different 
 Sections of one and the same genus. 
 
 Genus 79. CORYNETES. 
 Ilerbst; Kaf. iv. 148 [script. Korynetes] (1791). 
 
 118. Corynetes rufipes. 
 
 Anobium rufipes, TInmb., Nov. Ins. Spec. i. 10 (1781). 
 Necrobia rulipes, BrtfUe, in Webb et Berth. (Col.) 60 (1838). 
 Corynetes rufipes, Woll., Cat. Can. Col. 235 (1864). 
 , Id, Col. Atl. 209 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente, et S. lago ; in cadaveribus, praesertim juxtamare, 
 congregans. 
 
 The European C rvfipes — which appears to have naturalized itself 
 
 * The stiff erect hairs with which (in addition to itsunder-clothing of paler, softer, 
 and decumbent pubescence) the M. eiiphorbics is everywhere beset are principally 
 of a somewhat blackish hue; and these darkened ones seem to be so remarkably 
 brittle, or easily removed, that, after cleaning my specimens lightly with a brush 
 dipped in Benzine, I find that the erect setje have almost entirely disappeared. 
 
vri^iDM. 103 
 
 in nearly all parts of the civilized world, and which I have captured 
 abundantly in the Canarian Group and on the opposite coast of Mo- 
 rocco — was taken by Mr. Gray and myself, out of dead animals, near 
 Porto Grande in S. Vicente, and close to the Villa da Praia in S. lago ; 
 but it does not happen to have been observed, as yet, in any of the 
 other islands. "We may be pretty sixre, however, that it is generally 
 distributed throughout the archipelago. From S. Vicente it has, also, 
 been communicated by Mr. Miller. 
 
 Fam. 29. PTINID^. 
 
 Genus 80. MEZIUM. 
 (Leach) Curt., Bnt. Ent. v. 232 (1828). 
 
 119. Mezium sulcatum. 
 
 Ptimis sulcatus, Fab., Spec. Ins. i. 73 (1781). 
 Mezium sulcatum, IFoll, Lis. 3fad. 273 (1854). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 92 (18o7). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 240 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 214 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; ad Portum Grandem parce deprehensum. 
 
 Of the Mediterranean M. sulcatum — which seems to be truly indi- 
 genous in the Madeiran and Canarian Groups (particularly the latter, 
 where it is quite universal) — I have seen hitherto only a few examples 
 fi'om the Cape Verdes. They were taken by myself at Porto Grande 
 in S. Vicente, where perhaps therefore the species may have been 
 naturalized accidentally from more northern latitudes. I think it 
 more probable, however, that it will be found to be pretty generally 
 distributed over the archipelago ; for although the insect is one which 
 is eminently liable to become introduced into most civilized countries 
 through the medium of commerce, it has, nevertheless, more the ap- 
 pearance of being aboriginal in the various Atlantic islands than is 
 usually the case with it elsewhere. 
 
 Genus 81. MICROPTINUS *. 
 Wollaston, Col. Atl. 215 (1865). 
 
 120. Microptinus echinatus, n. sp. 
 
 M. niger, setis elongatis nigris erectis ubique obsitus ; ocuHs minutis, 
 rotundatis ; prothorace grosse et obtuse tuberculato squamisque 
 
 * For the reason which induced rue to suppress the barbarous name of Nitpus 
 for this group, and substitute Micropfinv.s instead, vide p. 215 of my ' Col. At- 
 lantidum.' 
 
104 PTINID^. 
 
 magnis demissis albidis bine inde (sed praesertim versus latera)parce 
 irrorato ; elytris (interdum vix dilutioribus) couvexis, subrotun- 
 datis, subnitidis, profunde punctatis, singulis in fascia postmedia 
 arcTiata, nccnon Sfepius duabus obsolctissimis transversis (sc. media 
 et basali) plerumqne vix observaudis, albido sqiiamosis ; antennis 
 pedibiisque pubescentibus. incrassatis, illis nigrescentibus 9-arti- 
 cnlatis, his saipius picescentioribus, tarsis (apice ipsissimo excepto) 
 clarioribns. 
 Mas tarsis postieis 4-artieulatis. — Long. corp. lin. vix 1-1^. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et S. Yicente ; inter quisqnilias aridas, ab ora 
 maritima usque ad summos montes ascendens. 
 
 There is scarcely any Coleopterous insect hitherto detected in these 
 islands which is more interesting geographically than this pilose and 
 thoroughly indigenous Ptinid, or which woiild seem to establish a 
 more intimate point of union with the Canarian fauna. After collect- 
 ing, a few years ago, on a large scale, in Teneriffe, I was surprised 
 to find, on after-examination, that a small species which appeared to 
 be hardly separable from the SpJicericus alhopictus of Madeira was 
 distinct even (jenericalhj by a numerical reduction not only in the 
 joints of its antennse but likewise in those of its posterior male feet ; 
 and it further appeared that examples of it had been received previ- 
 ously, from the same island, by Duval, who had described it as a new 
 genus under the title of Nitpus. The subsequent researches of the 
 Messrs. Crotch proved it to exist likewise in Gomera ; but, still, it 
 remains essentially Canarian, and one of the most characteristic forms. 
 It is therefore somewhat significant that an insect so unmistakeably 
 aboriginal in the Cape Yerde archipelago as the Ptinid now under 
 consideration should present the same structural pecuKarities as the 
 Canarian one, and belong to precisely the same type. Specifically 
 however it is abundantly removed from the Tenerififan and Gomeran 
 M. r/onospevmi (^vith which, nevertheless, it agrees in its sculpture and 
 markings), — being not only (on the average) larger and considerably 
 blacker, but likewise everywhere beset with excessively elongate erect 
 hairs (of which there is no trace whatsoever in its ally), whilst its 
 antennfe and legs are very much thicker, darker, and more pubescent. 
 
 The M. echinatus is universal throughout S, Antao and S. Vicente, 
 but it is a little remarkable that we did not meet with it in the more 
 central and southern parts of the archipelago. In those two islands 
 however it was taken by Mr. Gray and myself in many different lo- 
 calities, chiefly by sifting rather dry vegetable refuse ; and in S. An- 
 tao it was found likewise bv Dr. H. Dohrn. Although occurring 
 
PTINIDiE. 105 
 
 principally in the intermediate districts, it is independent of elevation ; 
 for in S. Vicente I captnred it not only at the sea-level in Porto Grande, 
 but equally at Madeiralzinho, and on the extreme summit of Monte 
 Verde. 
 
 Genus 82. SPH^HICUS. 
 WoUastou, Ins. Mad. 263 (1854). 
 
 121. Sphaericus tuber culicollis, n. sp. 
 
 S. grosse albido squamosus, sed pilis carens ; capite prothoraceque 
 piceo-nigris, hoc (subter squamis) dense, grosse sed obtuse tubercii- 
 lato (tuberculis inter se argute determinatis) ; elytris rotundato- 
 ovalibus, (subter squamis) bruuneis, subnitidis, laxe subseriatim 
 punctatis (punctis magnis, remotis, sed in serie dorsali obsoletis), 
 in fascia postmedia densius albido squamosis ; antennis elongatis, 
 nigro-piceis ; pedibus rufo-ferrugineis, femoribus ad apicem tibijs- 
 que ad basin nigrescentibus. — Long. corp. lin. vix |. 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; inter plantas a Rev'''' R. T. Lowe coUectas semel 
 lectus. 
 
 I obtained a single example of this little Sphoiricus, during our 
 sojourn at S. lago, from amongst some plants which were collected 
 by the Rev. R. T. Lowe ; and it approaches so closely, in its general 
 aspect, to the »S. albopietus from Madeira and the *S'. simplex from the 
 Canaries that I am somewhat doubtful whether it ought not to be 
 referred to one or the other of those nearly-allied species. Until, how- 
 ever, further material has been obtained, I think perhaps it will be 
 safer to treat it as distinct ; for it certainly possesses (when the scales 
 are removed) peculiarities of sculpture which if constant would seem 
 to be quite sufficient to establish its specific claims. Although agree- 
 ing better with the Canarian S. simplex in the totally undilated pe- 
 nultimate joint of its feet, nevertheless in the tuberculose sculpture of 
 its prothorax it recedes from that insect (in which the prothorax is 
 roughly, densely, and confusedly punctured) and is better associated 
 with the Madeiran albopietus. But even in the latter the tubercles 
 are much more irregular and confused than is the case in the Cape 
 Verde species — where they are beautifully distinct, and (although 
 obtuse) sharply defined. Moreover the S. tuberculicollis differs from 
 both of its allies in its elytral punctures being considerably larger and 
 more remote, rather more evidently disposed in longitudinal rows, and 
 with the series clown the outer disk of each elytron obsolete*. 
 
 * How far, in certain variable insects like the SphcBrici, the tuberculose and 
 •punctate types of sculpture are apt to merge into each other may be open for future 
 
106 PTINID.E. 
 
 Genus 83. PIARUS. 
 Wollaston, in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. i. 209 (1862). 
 
 122. Piarus Lowei, n, sp. 
 
 P. squamoso-sericeus, seel setis erectis carens ; capite prothoraeeque 
 nigro-piceis vel piceis et squarais cinereo-fulvis demissis parce ir- 
 roratis, hoc grosse et densissime tuberciilato-asperato ; elytris con- 
 vexis, ovalibus, subnitidis, leviter siibstriato-punctatis, sqiiamis 
 sericeis demissis fidvo-cinereis vestitis, sed in fascia magna dentata 
 submedia transversa (interdum iitrinque fraeta) piceo-nigrescenti- 
 bus ; antennis pedibusque elongatis, sat crassis, ferrugineis, sed 
 minute fulvo-cinereosericeo-squamulosis. — Long. corp. lin 1^-1 1. 
 
 Habitat Fogo ; in montibus valde exeelsis plurima specimina depre- 
 hendit Eev*^"' E. T. Lowe, cujns in honorem speciem stabilivi. 
 
 Several examples of this noble Ptinid were captured by the Rev. 
 R. T. Lowe at a very high elevation in Fogo — namely on the vast 
 scoriaceous region, known as the Chao da Relva, at the base of the 
 great volcanic cone. The particular spot in which Mr. Lowe met 
 ■with them is called the Corral de Frederico, where there is a cave in 
 which he was compelled to pass the night — with (chiefly) the goats 
 for his companions ; and it was whilst breakfasting, the following 
 morning, in this U2)land cave^ that specimen after specimen of the 
 large and interesting Piarus now under consideration continued to 
 fall into his milk. It would appear, consequently, as if the P. Lowei, 
 like so many of the Canarian and Madeiran representatives of this 
 immediate family, will be found to prefer the open basaltic caverns, 
 and dry sheltered spots beneath overhanging rocks, to the more ordi- 
 nary and exposed localities. 
 
 The large size (for a Ptinid) of the P. Loivei, combined with its total 
 freedom from erect, additional hairs, its oval, silken elytra (which are 
 densely clothed with sericeous, decumbent, fulvo-cinereous scales — 
 excepting a large central blackish zigzag fascia, which is often broken, 
 or interrupted, on either side), its roughly-sculptured prothorax (which 
 is closely beset with coarse tubercles, and comparativeJy free from 
 scale-like pubescence), and its elongate limbs, will quite prevent it 
 
 consideration ; and if it should hereafter be shown that their permanency is not 
 to be depended upon, it is quite possible that the Madeiran 8. alhopictus, the 
 Canarian S. simplex, and the Cape Yerde jS. tubercv.UcoIUs may prove to be geo- 
 graphical states of a single plastic form. On the other hand, however, it is far 
 from improbable that not only the whole three of them are truly distinct from 
 each other, but even that more than a single species maybe concealed under what 
 I have regarded as insular phases of the protean & alhopicfus of the Madeiran 
 arcliipelago. 
 
ANOBIAD.i:. 107 
 
 from being confounded -with, anything else enumerated in this volume. 
 I am glad of the opportunity to name it after its captor, whose late 
 botanical researches in the Cape Yerde archipelago are likely to pro- 
 duce a result inferior only to that which he has already accomplished 
 for the Madeiran and Canarian Groups. 
 
 Fam. 30. ANOBIADiE. 
 
 Genus 84. XYLETINUS. 
 Latreille, Regn. Anim. (ed. 2) iv. 483 (1829). 
 
 123. Xyletinus ferrugineus. 
 
 X. oblongus,plus minus clare rufo-ferrugiueus, nitidus, breviter flavo- 
 cinereo sericeus, et ubique (ociilo fortissime armato) subtilissime 
 punctulatus ; prothorace brevi, convexo, sublunulato (postice valde 
 rotundato, antice paululum subexcavato-sinuato, angulis anticis 
 acutiusculis) ; elytris breviusculis, hand striatis ; antennis pedi- 
 busque breviusculis, gracilibus, illis testaceis, articulo basilari et 
 his rufo-testaceis : palporum maxiUarium art° ixlt" (securiformi) 
 ad apicem internxmi leviter excavato. — Long. corp. lin. 1|-1|. 
 
 Xyletinus ferrugineus, WoU., Ann. Nat. Hist, vii, 303 (1861). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Yicente, et S. lago ; prgecipue inter quisquilias 
 aridas, sed interdum etiam circa domos, degens. 
 
 Obs. — X. latitantem canariensem primti facie simulans, sed paulo 
 minus pubescens, oeulis sensim minoribus minusque prominentibus, 
 prothorace subconvexiore, antice magis truncato (nullo modo pro- 
 ducto, fere etiam subemarginato) angulis anticis acutioribus, elytris 
 bre\'ioribus, uecnon antennis pedibusque brevioribiis, iUarum arti- 
 culis intermediis vix magis transversis et triangularibus. 
 
 This rufo-ferri;ginous X)/letini(s m.aj perhaps have been introduced 
 accidentally into these islands, as it seems to have been at Ascension — 
 where it was captured (in April 1860) by the late Mi\ Bewicke. 
 And if such is indeed the case, it may be an insect of a widely" acquired 
 range, and we must expect that it will be identified (sooner or later) 
 with some species which has been long recognized. Be this however 
 as it may, it occurs, in the Cape Yerde archipelago, not only about 
 houses, but Likewise amongst dry vegetable refuse within the culti- 
 vated districts. At Tarrafal, in the extreme south of S. Antao, I 
 shook it out of bundles of the dead leaves of sugar-canes. In S. 
 Yicente we met with it plentifully amongst some dried plants which 
 had been collected by Mr. Miller. And in S. lago it was obtained by 
 Mr. Gray near the Yilla da Praia, as well as by myself at San Do- 
 
108 ANOBIAD.E. 
 
 mingos and S'" Catharina. It may be known by its usually clear nifo- 
 ferruginous hue (thougb occasional specimens are of a dull reddish- 
 brown) and finely sericeous, but rather shining, surface, by its elytra 
 being totally unstriated, and by its limbs (of which the antennae, with 
 the exception of their first articulation, are extremely pallid) being 
 short and slender. The securiform last joint of its maxiUary palpi 
 is slightly scooped-out along its inner apical edge — a structure which 
 is tolerably conspicuous in the division of the genus which was sepa- 
 rated by Duval under the name of Metholcus, and which certainly 
 includes three out of the four Xyhtini which have been detected in 
 the Canarian Group — if not indeed the whole of them, for this ten- 
 dency to excavation is scarcely more than a trivial character which is 
 more or less expressed in the different species. 
 
 Genus 85. NOTIOMIMUS. 
 
 Wo^laston, Ami. Nat. Hist. vii. 17 (1861). 
 
 124. Notiomimus lineatus, n. sp. 
 
 iV. oblongo-cylindricus, brunneus, pilis fulvo-cinereis demissis ubique 
 sericatus,(subtersquamis)densissimegranulatus; capitescutelloque 
 paulo nigrescentioribus ; eljtris hand striatis, sed pilis sericeis in 
 Hneas circa 5 utrinque densius coUectis ; antennis pedibusque gra- 
 cilibus, illis nigrescentibus, his infuscate testaceis, tarsis elongatis. 
 — Long. Corp. lin. 2. 
 
 Habitat S. Yicente ; inter Eupliorbias emortuas rarissimus. 
 
 I obtained a single specimen of this large Notiomimus from a 
 dead EujyJiorbia -hush which was brought to me by the Rev. R. T. 
 Lowe during our sojourn at S. Yicente ; and a second was captured 
 in the same island by Mr. Miller. It may he known by its cylin- 
 drical outline, and by its (brownish) surface being free from punc- 
 tures, but closely granulate^ and densely covered with a decumbent, 
 silken, somewhat cinereous pubescence. Its head is rather darker 
 than the rest of the body ; its elytra are ttnstriated, but nevertheless 
 with their sericeous pubescence gathered more thickly into longitu- 
 dinal rows ; and its Hmbs, particularly the legs, are slender and 
 elongate. It is totally distinct from the three Canarian members of 
 the genus — though in its unstriated elytra it would seem to make a 
 slight approach to the N. punctulatissiimis, with which however in 
 other respects it entirely disagrees. In reality it is perhaps nearer 
 to the holosericeus. 
 
 Genus 86. ANOBIUM. 
 FabriciuP, Sj/sf. Ent. 62 (1775). 
 
BOSTRYCHID.'E. 109 
 
 125. Anobium paniceum. 
 
 Dermestes paniceus, Linn., Fna Suec. 431 (1761). 
 Anobium paniceum, JVolL, Ins. 3Iad. 277 (1854). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 93 (18o7). 
 
 ,Id., Cat. Can. Col. 250 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 227 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente, et S. lago ; circa domos atque in ciiltis, ex alienis 
 introductum. 
 
 The almost cosmopolitan A. paniceum — which is so eminently liable 
 to transportation, amongst farinaceous substances, throughout the 
 civilized world, and which has established itself in the Madeiran and 
 Canarian Groups — occurs sparingly, about houses and cultivated spots, 
 in the Cape Verde archipelago. I have taken it at Porto Grande in 
 S. Vicente, and in the Ribeira dos Orgaos in S. lago — in which latter 
 island it was also captured, near the Villa da Praia, by Mr. Gray. 
 From S. Vicente it has likewise been communicated by Mr. Miller. 
 
 Fam. 31. BOSTRYCHIDiE. 
 
 Genus 87. BOSTRYCHUS. 
 Geoffroy, Hist, des Ins. i. 301 [script. Bostrichus] (1764). 
 
 126. Bostrychus Grayanus, n. sp. 
 
 B. elongato-cylindricus, subopacus, nigro-piceus elytris fuscescentio- 
 ribus, pilis brevibus folvescentibus omnino demissis ubique (sed \ix 
 dense) tectus ; oculis maximis, prominentibus ; prothorace elytris 
 vix angustiore, angulis posticis rectis, postice parce irregulariter 
 punctate, antice scabroso et (praesertim utrinque) mucronibus maxi- 
 mis valde asperato (ad apicem mucronibus duobus porrectis etiam 
 majoribus armato, atque inter mucrones emarginato) ; scutello sub- 
 rotundato ; elytris (ad basin undulato-sinuatis) profunde et sat 
 dense punctatis punctulisque minutissimis iutermediis irroratis, 
 postice leviter retusis necnon per suturam (in parte retusa) paulu- 
 lum elevatis; antennis (lO-art'% clava magna sed intus vix serrata, 
 reliquis longitudine subaequali) rufo-testaceis ; pedibus elongatis, 
 gracilibus, rufo-piceis. — Long. corp. lin. 2|. 
 
 Habitat S. lago; sub cortice Fici cujusdam magnae indigense arido laxo 
 a Dom. Gray in iutermediis semel deprehensus. 
 
 Apart from the general facies of this insect, the structure of its an- 
 tennae (the first and second joints of which are, if anything, a little 
 shorter, when combined, than the five minute ones following, whilst 
 the lax triartieulated club is about equal in length to the whole re- 
 
110 BOSTRYCHIDiE. 
 
 maining seven, and is but very slightly serrated internally) shows it 
 to be a member of the same group as the European B. capucinus, 
 and 7iot of that (namely Xylojjerthn) to which the allied forms belong 
 in Madeira and the Canaries — and in which the antennae are not only 
 differently proportioned, but composed of nine joints only (instead of 
 ten). These facts, combined with the short and perfectly decumbent 
 fulvescent pile with which it is everywhere rather sparingly clothed, 
 its darkish, posteriorly-squarish prothorax (which is, if anything, a 
 trifle narrower than the elytra, and is most coarsely mucronated an- 
 teriorly with very prominent tuberculiform projections), its small 
 roundish scutellum, its fuscescent elytra (which are but faintly retuse 
 behind), and its elongated legs and feet, will sufficiently distinguish 
 it. It appears to be one of the rarest of the Cape Verde Coleoptera ; 
 and the only example which I have seen was captured by Mr,. Gray 
 (after whom I have named the species) in the interior of S. lago — 
 namely, beneath the loosened bark of a gigantic native Ficus, which 
 had recently been felled, in the Ribeira dos Orgaos. 
 
 Genus 88, RHIZOPERTHA. 
 Stephens, III. Brit. Ent. iii. 354 [script, Il/njzopertha] (1830). 
 
 127. RMzopertha bifoveolata. 
 
 i?. cylindrica, subnitida, picea elytris paulo rufeseentioribus, fere calva 
 (sc. pilis brevibus suberectis hinc inde parcissime obsita) ; protho- 
 race elongato-subsemicii'culari, postice dense et profunde punctate 
 foveolisque duabus rotundatis mediis impresso, antice scabroso et 
 mucronibus (subareuatim dispositis) asperate ; scutello transverse ; 
 elytris (ad basin in medio recte truncatis, sed ad humeros oblique 
 sectis) profunde et dense subruguloso-punctatis, postice subito ro- 
 tundate desilientibus sed baud retusis ; antennis (lO-art'% clava 
 magna, intus serrata, reliquis longitudine subaequali) pedibusque 
 rufo-piceis. — Long, corp, lin, 1|. 
 
 Rhyzopertha bifoveolata, Woll., Ann. Nat. Hist. ii. 409 (1858), 
 Rhizopertha , Id, Col. Atl. 232 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. lago; in dome quadam ad Sanctam Catharinam semel capta. 
 
 The relative length of the joints (combined) which compose the 
 three divisions of its antennae show the present insect to belong to the 
 same Section of the Bostrychidce as the preceding one, and indeed thus 
 far nearly to agree with it ; nevertheless the first and second articu- 
 lations of its clava are more serrated, or produced, internally ; and 
 this latter fact, added to its less asperated and different prothorax, its 
 transverse scutellum, its apically- entire elytra, and its shorter feet 
 
LYCTID^. Ill 
 
 (the second joint of which is not more elongated than the following 
 one), point to Rhizopertha as the only group (hitherto recognized) 
 which is capable of receiving it. Nevertheless in its broader outline, 
 more largely- developed prothorax, and wnstriated (though densely 
 punctured) elytra, it would seem at first sight to recede almost gene- 
 rically from the common B. pusiUa. 
 
 A single example of the R. bifoveolata was taken by myself, 
 in a house at S"' Catharina, in the interior of S. lago ; and it is 
 ^possible therefore that the species may have become established acci- 
 dentally through the medium of some article of commerce. At least 
 there would seem perhaps, a priori, to be a probability of this, from 
 the mere fact that the insect is conspecific with one which was cap- 
 tured several years ago in Madeira, by Mr. M. Park, out of a cask of 
 jiour in the Funchal Custom-House — though, apart from this consi- 
 deration, there is nothing about the (very remote) locality in which 
 the example described above was found to lead me to suspect that the 
 latter is anything but indigenous. 
 
 Fam. 32. LYCTID^. 
 
 Genus 89. LYCTUS. 
 Fabriciiis, Ent. Si/st. i. ii. 502 (1792). 
 
 § I. Clavce articulis longitudine cequaUbus. 
 
 128. Lyctus sequalis, n. sp. 
 
 L. subnigerelytris(pr8esertim postice)paulo fuscentioribus,subnitidus, 
 pube fulvescente grossa demissa vestitus ; prothorace crebre punc- 
 tato, elongato-subquadrato (postice paululum angustato), angulis 
 anticis subproductis, posticis argute subrectis ; elytris subparallelis 
 (postice ssepius vix subattenuatis), levins punctatis sed vix striatis ; 
 antennis pedibusque rufo-piceis. 
 
 Variat (saltem immaturus) omnino plus minus ferrugineus. — Long. 
 Corp. lin. l:j-l|. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et S. lago ; in intermediis inferioribusque, sub cor- 
 tice laxo praesertim Fki, latens. 
 
 A truly indigenous Httle Lyctus, which seems to be widely (though 
 very sparingly) distributed over the archipelago, and which I believe 
 wiU be foimd to be attached mainly to a species of native Fkxis (allied 
 to, if not identical with, the F. sycamorus). I captured a single ex- 
 ample of it in the Ribeira Fria, of S. Antao, and several others in S. 
 
112 LYCTID.E. 
 
 lago — near the Villa da Praia (where it was taken also by Mr. Gray), 
 as well as, beneath the bark of a felled Fig-tree, in the Orgaos ravine. 
 It is variable, both in size and colour, — specimens which are not quite 
 mature being often rufo-ferruginous. Nevertheless its normally dark- 
 ish hue and coarsely fulvo-pubescent surface, combined with its pro- 
 thorax being appreciably widened in front, its elytra (which are nsu- 
 cdly a trifle subattenuated behind) being punctured but hardly (if at 
 all) striate, and the fact of the two joints of its antennal club being 
 about equal in length, will suffice to distinguish it. 
 
 § II. Clavcp. art" 2'^° jprimo ixndidum longiore. 
 129. Lyctus jatrophae, n. sp. 
 
 L. subniger elytris rufo-ferrugineis, subnitidus, pube fulvescente de- 
 missa parce vestitus ; oculis maximis ; prothorace sat crebre punc- 
 tato, elongato-subquadrato (postice baud angustato), angulis anticis 
 subrotundatis, posticis subobtuse rectis ; elytris parallelis, obsolete 
 punctato-striatis, in interstitiis minutissime vage punctulatis ; an- 
 tennis pedibusque rufo-piceis. — Long. corp. lin. 1|. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao ; in ramo quodam emortuo Jatrophce curcas lectus. 
 
 In its rather large size, rufo-ferruginous, obsoletely punctate-stri- 
 ated elytra, and generalaspect this species bears a strong pmna facie 
 resemblance to the European L. hmmieus (which occurs also in the 
 Madeiran and Canarian Groups) ; but its eyes are a little larger and 
 not quite so prominent, the apical joint of its antennae is just appre- 
 ciably longer, and its prothorax is straighter at the sides, with the 
 anterior angles more rounded-off. Xevertheless,. since the above dia- 
 gnosis has been compiled from only a single example, I think perhaps 
 that further material should be obtained before it can be pronounced 
 for certain that the latter is no phasis, or accidental variety, of the 
 brunneus. My belief is that it will be found to be undoubtedly dis- 
 tinct, and in all probability attached for the most part (if not exclu- 
 sively) to the Jatropha curcas, L. (or " Physic-Nut ") — within a de- 
 cayed branch of which I found its remains, in considerable abundance, 
 in the Ribeira da Babosa, of S. Antao. 
 
 § III. CJavce art" 2* elongato (lineari, apicem versus vix angustato), 
 primo multo longiore. 
 
 130. Lyctus ohsitus, n. sp, 
 
 L. piceus elytris rufo-piceis, subnitidus, setis crassis rigidis erectis 
 squamiformibus oinereis parce obsitus ; oculis valde prominentibus ; 
 
TOMICID^. 113 
 
 prothorace crebre punctate (punctis subrugulosis et sat magnis, 
 sed hand profundis), postice pauliilum augustato, angulis anticis 
 obtuse subampliatis, posticis ipsissimis plus minus prominulis vel 
 acute productis ; elytris parallelis, distiucte striato-punctatis, in 
 interstitiis depressis impunctatis, sed in striis altemis conspicue 
 seriatim setosis ; antennis (longiusculis) pedibusque rufo-piceis. — 
 Long. Corp. lin. 1|. 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; sub cortice Fici emortuo parce deprehensus. 
 
 The comparatively elongate and straightened second joint of the 
 antennal club of this Lyctus would suffice, even alone, to separate it 
 entirely from the preceding two species ; nevertheless it is stiU further 
 distinguished by the extremely thick, erect, and whitish seta; with 
 which it is studded, and which on the elytra are longitudinally dis- 
 posed down the aUerrmte (sharply-punctiired) strim. Its prothorax, 
 too, although on the Lyctus-ij^e, is remarkable for having its extreme 
 hinder angles prominent, or (as it were) minutely spiniform — though 
 this structure, as it is comparatively indistinct in one of the three 
 examples now before me, may possihhj be (to some extent) sexual. 
 Its elytral interstices are flattened, subglabrous, and nearly free from 
 punctules ; and its antennae, owing to the increased length of their 
 terminal articulation, are rather less abbreviated than in the ordinary- 
 Lycti. 
 
 Three specimens of the L. obsitus were captured by myself in the 
 interior of S. lago, under the dead bark of a large Ficiis in the Ribeira 
 dos Orgaos. 
 
 Fam. 33. TOMICID^. 
 
 Genus 90. TOMICUS. 
 Latreille, Hist. Nat. des Ins. iii. 203 (1802). 
 
 131. Tomicus perforans. 
 
 T. cylindi'icus, rufo-ferrugineus (postice vix obscurior), nitidissimus 
 pilisque erectis parcissime irroratus ; prothorace elongato, antice 
 amplo et obtuse rotundato mucronibusque dense asperato, in medio 
 subnodoso-convexo, postice minute et parce punctulato ; elytris 
 leviter et subirregulariter seriatim punctatis necnon in interstitiis 
 punctis minoribus remotis parcissime longitudinaliter notatis, pos- 
 tice paululum oblique truncatis (aut obsoletissime retusis) mucro- 
 nibusque perpaucis granuliformibus arraatis ; antennis pedibusque 
 testaceis. — Long. corp. lin. 1|. 
 
 Bostrichufj fprntprinous ?, Foh.. Si/.^t. Elcii. ii. ?>>^R (1801). 
 
114 TOMICID.E. 
 
 Tomicus perforans, JVoll., Cat. Mad. Cul. 9G (1857). 
 , Id., Col.Atl. 237 (186.J). 
 
 Habitat S. Nicolao ; in ramo cmortuo Jatrophce atrcas, L., a Dom. 
 Gray semel repertiis. 
 
 The single example, described above, Avhich was taken by Mr. 
 Gray out of the dead stem of aJatrojjJia ciorasin S. Mcolao, appears 
 to me in eveiy respect similar to the one from which I drew out the 
 original diagnosis of my T. lyerforans, and which was detected in a 
 wine-store at Madeira — feeding on a cork used as a bung for a cask. 
 I stated recently, in the ' Coleoptera Atlantidum,' that, if an old 
 specimen in my collection, which I obtained from the late Mr. Mellj' 
 as Brazilian, could he relied upon (as regards its identification), 
 the T. perforans would be found to be conspecific with the Bos- 
 trichus ferrugineus of Fabricius, recorded by the latter from South 
 America ; whilst the singularity of its hahitat in Madeira, and the 
 possibility of its having been also introduced (perhaps along with 
 plants of the Jatropha) into the Cape Verde archipelago, would not 
 tend to render this the less likely. The principal doubt in my mind 
 is, as to whether the following Tomicus (which I have treated as 
 distinct) is more than the other sex of it ; for if that should be the 
 case, there would be more reason to suspect that the species is at 
 any rate truly indigenous in these islands. 
 
 In its general facies, largely-developed elongate prothorax, rufo- 
 ferruginous hue, and highly-polished surface, the T. perforans agrees 
 with the trypanceoides ; but it differs from the latter in its elytra 
 being much less retuse, or obliquely lopped-off behind (where also 
 the few tuberculiform asperities with which it is studded are con- 
 siderably smaller), and in having their punctures more iri^egularly 
 disposed in longitudinal roius (rather than in striae), whilst their 
 interstices (instead of being nearly impunctate) have a few small 
 and distant punctures conspicuously arranged down each. 
 
 132. Tomicus trypanseoides, n. sp. 
 
 T. praecedenti affinis, sed (nisi faUor) vix ejus sexus masculus ; dif- 
 fert praecipue elytris alitor sculpturatis — sc. magis regulariter sub- 
 striato- (nee subconfuse seriatim) punctatis, in interstitiis fere im- 
 punctatis, necnon postice multo evidentius retusis mucronibusque 
 majoribus (praesertim singulis mediis acutiusculis, in elytris singulis 
 positis) armatis. — Long. corp. lin. vix 1^. 
 
 Habitat a. lago, et Togo; sub cortice arborum, necnon etiam in 
 formicarum nidis, rarissimus. 
 
 As just stated, I feel a little doubtful whether this Tomicus is 
 
TOMICID^. 115 
 
 more thau the male of the preceding one ; but its few diagnostic 
 characters (even if small) are so conspicuous that I do not think it 
 would be safe, without some kind of evidence, to refer it to that 
 species. We captured it both in S. lago and Fogo, all our examples 
 being precisely similar ; and it would be strange if only one sex 
 should be represented from those two islands, and the single indi- 
 vidual fonnd by Mr. Gray in S. Xicolao should belong to the other. 
 Still, although unlikely, I am fully aware that this is possible ; and 
 consequently it is not without some hesitation, that I have thought 
 it better to treat the two as distinct. The T. tryjpanoioides has all 
 the appearance of being really indigenous in this archipelago ; so 
 that, if it shoidd prove ultimately to be conspecific with i\ieperforans, 
 it follows that the latter will have a greater claim to be regarded as 
 aboriginal, not to mention the wider range which it woidd thus 
 have been ascertained to possess. 
 
 The T. trypanceoides was taken by Mr. Gray and myself near the 
 Villa da Praia in S. lago — adhering to the underside of the trunk of 
 a Ficus, which had been recently felled, in the Palm-grove adjoin- 
 ing the eastern outskirts of the town ; and I subsequently met with 
 it (beneath the bark of, I believe, a Tamarind-tree), about midway 
 between S. Pilippe and the Monte Nucho in Fogo. It would appear 
 also to associate itself occasionally with Ants — in the company of 
 which some of our S. lago specimens were captured most unmistake- 
 ably ; indeed one was actually stolen by Mr. Gray from an ant, 
 which was carrying it away in its mouth. 
 
 If the characters to which I have called attention in the diagnosis 
 are more than sexual ones, there can be no doubt that the T. trypa- 
 nceoides is distinct from i\iQ perforans — though agreeingwith the latter 
 in so many of its external features. Yet its peculiarities (so far as I can 
 perceive) are merely in the elytra — which are not only more retuse, 
 or obliquely-truncated, behind, and armed in that particular region 
 with coarser tuberculiform asperities (one of which, in the centre of 
 each elytron, is comparatively acute and prominent), but with their 
 punctures more regularly arranged (not merely in rows, but in faintly- 
 impressed striae), and with their interstices nearly impunctate. 
 Whether the species be a trifle larger than its ally I am unable to 
 say, having of the perforans but a solitary example from which to 
 judge. 
 
 Genus 91. CRYPHALUS. 
 
 Ericlison, in IJ'ief/in. ArcJiir, ii, (il (18.'3(j). 
 
 I 2 
 
116 TOMICIDiB. 
 
 133. Cryphalus mucronifer, n. sp. 
 
 C. cylindriciis, niger vel piceo-nigcr, subuitidus setiilisqiie crassis 
 erectis subcinereis adspcrsus ; prothorace irregulariter pimctato- 
 ruguloso, in disco antico convexo atque saepius paululum dilutiore, 
 iiecnoii ibidem et apice mucronibus porrectis valde asperuto ; ely- 
 tris substriato-punctatis, in interstitiis minute et parce uniseria- 
 tim punctidatis ac longitudinaliter cinereo-setosis ; antennis pedi- 
 busque testaceis, illarum clava paulo obscuriore. — Long, corp. lin. 
 |-vix 1. 
 
 Hahitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, S. lago, et Fogo ; praecipiie in ramis 
 truncasque emortuis Jatrophti curcas degens, hinc inde vxdgaris. 
 
 The 4-jointed funiculus, distinctly pentamerous feet, and exter- 
 nally- spin ulose tibise of this little wood-borer show it to be a true 
 Cryphalus, with which indeed in its general facies it also agrees. 
 Its nearly black hue, and the thick, erect, whitish setae with which 
 it is beset, combined with the exceedingly coarse and prominent 
 asperities on the anterior region of its prothorax (which is usually 
 a little diluted in hue on the fore disk), and its rather conspicuously 
 punctate-striate elytra, will suffice to characterize it. It is widely 
 distributed over the archipelago (occurring at most elevations), where 
 we may expect that it will be found to be universal. It seems to 
 be attached mainly (perhaps indeed altogether) to the Jatroplm 
 curcas, or Physic-Nut (called by the inhabitants " Purgueira"), in 
 the decayed stems of which I have often observed it in profusion. 
 In such situations I met with it in the Ribeira Fria, the Eibeira da 
 Babosa, and at Tarrafal, in S. Antao, — at Madeiral, in S. Vicente, — 
 and near the Villa da Praia, in S. lago. In S. Vicente and S. lago 
 it was found likewise by Mr. Gray, who also obtained an example of 
 it (near the Porto da Luz) in Fogo. 
 
 134. Cr3rphalus aspericoUis. 
 
 C. proecedenti affinis, sed certe distinctus ; difiert praecipue corpore 
 minore, angustiore, atque etiam magis cylindrico, punctura (oculo 
 fortissimo armato) sensim minore ac le\'iore, elytrisque minus evi- 
 denter striatis. — Long. corp. lin. g-f. 
 
 Cryphalus aspericoUis, Woll., Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 365 (1860). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 256 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 239 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et S. Vicente ; praecipue inter ramulos plantarum 
 emortuos fractos humi jacentes occurrens. 
 
 Although an occasional comparatively large example of this dimi- 
 nutive Cnjphalus and the smaller ones of the C. miicronifer are apt 
 
TOMICID^. 117 
 
 at first sight to appear somewhat similar, I am nevertheless quite 
 satisfied that the two species are entirely distinct ; and indeed, apart 
 from their specific characters, they are difi'erent in their habits — the 
 aspericollis having no connexion (so far as I am aware) with the 
 Jatrojjha curcas, hut occurring amongst the dead wood and hroken- 
 up sticks of various shrubs and plants. I obtained it abundantly 
 (by sifting) at Madeiral and lladeiralzinho in S. Vicente (where it 
 was found more sparingly by Mr. Gray), as well as in the Ribeira 
 Fria of S. Antao. It occurs in similar situations both at the Ma- 
 deiras and Canaries ; and it was met with by the late Mr. Bewicke 
 even at Ascension, a fact which Avould seem to imply (if indeed Mr. 
 Bewicke's example had not been accidentally introduced from some 
 one of these various, more northern, islands) that its geographical 
 range may perhaps be a tolerably wide one. 
 
 The C. aspericollis may be known from the mucronifer by its 
 smaller size, narrower and even still more cylindric body, and by 
 the punctation of its elytra (which are less distinctly striated) being 
 both finer and lighter. It is one of the most minute wood-borers 
 with which I am acquainted ; for although scarcely (if at aU) shorter 
 than the ^it^)7to/'6J«-Lnfesting Liparthrum Lowei, it is nevertheless 
 considerably narrower than that insect. 
 
 Genus 92. APHANARTHRUM. 
 
 Wollaston, 7?(^. Mad. 292 (1854). 
 
 135. Aphanarthrum hesperidum, n. sp. 
 
 A. cylindricum, nigrum elytris testaceo pictis, subnitidum, pilis sub- 
 erectis moUibus dense vestitum ; prothorace alutaceo, (in Hnea me- 
 dia excepta) minute et dense punctate, apice inarmato et obtuse 
 rotundato, necnon saepius ibidem dilutiore ; elytris crebre subse- 
 riatim punctatis, saturate testaceis, in fasciis duabus (una sc. magna 
 centrali in medio duplici vel profunde dentata, et altera obliqua 
 postica) plus minus fractis, vel etiam subobsoletis, nigro ornatis ; 
 antennis pedibusque saturate testaceis. — Long. corp. hn. circa ^. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, S. lago, Fogo, et Brava ; in Euphorhiis 
 emortuis, hinc inde vulgatissimum. 
 
 Ohs. — Species A. piscatorio Maderensi et Canariensi valde affinis 
 et forsan ejus varietas major, geographica ; diffbrt proecipue cor- 
 pore sensim majore ac magis cyHndrico, prothorace antice sub- 
 obtusius rotundato (aut minus acuminato) elytrorumque fascia pos- 
 tica (ut in A. r/^j(/) magis distincta et tenuiore (nee versus apiccm 
 suftusa). 
 
118 TOMICID>E. 
 
 An Aphanarthrum which we may be pi'etty sure is universal 
 throughout the archipelago, occurring wherever the common Euphor- 
 bia TticJceyana (called " Tortaolho " by tlie inhabitants) is to be 
 found, — within the rotten stems, and branches, of which it often 
 teems. I captured it in the Ribeira da Babosa in S. Antao, on the 
 hills beyond Porto Grande in S. Vicente (where it was taken like- 
 wise by Mr. Gray), above S** Catharina in the interior of S. lago, at 
 the Monte Nucho in Fogo, and near the Povoagao in Brava. The 
 Eupliorhia itself however is becoming scarce in some of the islands 
 and districts, being much used for the purposes of dyeing ; but 
 wherever it remains, these little wood-borei's are almost certain to 
 be met with — though, I think, they are neither so general nor so 
 abundant as are many of the species in the Canarian Group. 
 
 The A. hespendum is so closely allied to the Madeiran and Cana- 
 rian A. piscatorium that I cannot feel altogether satisfied that it is 
 more than a rather large, and slightly altered, state of that species 
 peculiar to the Cape Yerde archipelago ; nevertheless, since it re- 
 tains its characteristics (such as they are) throughout the whole five 
 islands in which it has been observed, it is difficult to regard it as a 
 mere local phasis of the latter, and therefore I have thought it safer 
 to treat it as distinct. It differs from the piscatorium in being uni- 
 formly a little larger, with its elytra a ti'ifle straighter or more 
 cylindric ; in its prothorax being rather more obtusely rounded, or 
 less acuminate, in front ; and in its posterior elytral fascia being 
 narrower and more sharply expressed, having little or no tendency 
 to be suffused behind into the apex. Nevertheless in its densely- 
 punctured elytra and thickly-pubescent surface it agrees with that 
 species. In size, outline, and colour it has perhaps, at first sight, 
 more in common with the A. affi.ne (found in the two eastern Cana- 
 rian islands) ; nevertheless the somewhat larger punctules of its 
 prothorax, and the smaller and denser ones of its elytra, which ai-e 
 much less evidently disposed in longitudinal rows, combined with its 
 more thickly pilose surface — not to mention its usually less-pallid 
 (or yellower) elytra, which have their black fasciae, on the average, 
 less sharply defined — will quite distinguish it from that species. 
 
 Genus 93. LIPARTHRUM. 
 Wollaston, Ins. Mad. 294 [script. Leiparthrum'] (1854). 
 
 136. Liparthrum Loweanum, n. sp. 
 
 L. minutum, brcviter cylindricuni, i'usco-nigrum (rarius oninino 
 
CURCULIONID.«. 119 
 
 nigrum) in elytris sa;pius subdilutius, setulis brevibus crassis sub- 
 erectis cinereis (in elytris longitudinaliter) vestitum ; prothorace 
 parce rugiiloso-piinctato, antice inarmato, postice subsinuato ; ely- 
 tris striato-punctatis (pnnctis sat magnis) ; antennis pedibusque 
 piceo-testaceis. — Long. corp. lin. ^-|. 
 
 Habitat S, Antao, S. Yicente, S. lago, et Fogo ; in ramulis EupJior- 
 hkirum emortuis aridis, bine inde vxdgare. 
 
 This very minute wood-borer is attached to the Eiiplwrhia TucTcey- 
 ana in the Cape Verde archipelago, just as the nearly-allied L. Lowei 
 is to the Euphorbias of the Canarian Group. We may expect that 
 it will be found wherever its food-plant is still left, though from its 
 diminutive size it is very liable to escape observation. I captured it 
 at Tabouga, and in the Ribeira da Babosa, of S. Antao, — on the hills 
 near Porto Grande, in S. Yicente (where it was taken likewise by 
 Mr. Gray), — on the mountains above S'* Catharina, in S. lago, — and 
 at the Monte Nucho, in Fogo. Its extremely small bulk, abbrevi- 
 ated outline, and uniformly dark, brownish-black (or often blackish- 
 brown) hue, combined with the short, robust, suberect, whitish setae 
 with which it is beset (those on the elytra being arranged in longi- 
 tudinal rows), the large and well-defined punctures of its striae, and 
 the fact of its prothorax being free from all projections or asperities, 
 will sufficiently distinguish it. Although descending to as small a 
 stature as the L. Lowei, some of the specimens are nevertheless dis- 
 tinctly larger (though scarcely so large as those of the inarmatum); 
 its colour is frequently (though not always) a trifle browner, or less 
 black ; its legs, especially, are of a paler hue ; its sculpture is alto- 
 gether rather coarser ; and its prothorax seems totally free from 
 even the rudiments of additional pustules on its foredisk. From the 
 inarmatum it principally differs in being (on the average) a trifle 
 smaller, in its prothorax being more deeply punctured, and in 
 wanting the additional elongate setae which are so conspicuous on 
 the apical region of that species. 
 
 Fam. 34. CURCULIONID^. 
 
 (Subfam. COSSOMDES.) 
 
 Genus 94. RHYNCOLUS. 
 
 (Creutzer) Germ., Ins. Spec. 307 (1824). 
 137. Rhyncolus euphorhiarum, n. sp. 
 
 i?. subcylindrico-elongatus, angiistus, niger, nitidus, calvus ; cai)ile 
 prothoraceque parce scd regulariter et argute punctatis (putictis 
 
120 CURCULIONID^. 
 
 in illo sensim minoribus), rostro crasso, subtriangiJari, leviter et 
 subinterrupte canaliculato, oculis parvis et valde demissis ; scu- 
 tello transverse ; elytris parallelis, sat profunde striato-punctatis, 
 in interstitiis minute et parce scd argute uniseriatim punctulatis ; 
 antennis (pone apicem rostri insertis) rufo-ferrugineis ; pedibus 
 rufo-picels, tarsis clarioribus, art" 3"° simplici (nee dilatate bilobo). 
 Variat (immaturus) piceus vel rufo-piceus. — Long. corp. lin. 1|- 
 vix 2. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao ; in Euphorhils emortuis, rarissimus. 
 
 In its thickened, subtriangular rostrum and linear outline the 
 curious insect described above is better referred to Rhyncolus than 
 to Phlceoijlinyus ; nevertheless in some respects (as the unexpanded, 
 or simple, third joint of its feet) it differs from both of them. I 
 scarcely think however that there is sufficient peculiarity about it 
 to "warrant the establishment of a separate genus for its reception. 
 Its narrow, parallel body and deep-black hue (when mature), com- 
 bined with its shining surface, small and depressed eyes, transverse 
 scutellum, and the punctures of its prothorax being neither very 
 large nor very dense, whilst its elytra are rather sharply striate- 
 punctate, with a row of very small and distant (but well-defined) 
 punctules down each interstice, will prevent its being confounded 
 with anything else which concerns us in this volume. 
 
 The R. euphorhiarum appears to be exceedingly rare and of Eu- 
 phorbia -vaie&tin^ habits, the few specimens which I have seen (five 
 in number) having been captured by myself in the interior of S. An- 
 tao. One of them I obtained, by sifting, in the Ribeira Fria ; and 
 the remaining four I took out of a decayed stem of the Euphorbia 
 Tuckeijana in the Eibeira da Babosa. 
 
 Genus 95. PHLffiOPHAGUS. 
 SchonheiT, Gen. et Spec. Cure. iv. 1047 (1838). 
 
 138. Phlceophagus obesulus, n. sp. 
 
 P. niger, nitidus, calvus ; rostro lineari, sat dense et sat minute 
 punctato ; prothorace convexo, valde profunde denseque punctato 
 (punctis magnis), ad latera rotundato ; scu telle obsolete; elytris 
 (interdum obsoletissime subseneo tinctis) subellipticis, antice et 
 postice subattenuatis, leviter substriato-punctatis (punctis parvis), 
 necnon in interstitiis punctulis minutis parce et vage irroratis, 
 paululum transversim rugulosis, in regione scutellaii plus minus 
 concave -impressis ; antennis piceo-ferrugineis ; pedibus piceis, 
 tarsis clarioribus. 
 
 Var. ft. Paulo minor, prothorace ctiam dciisius punctato, elylris vix 
 
CURCULIONlD.li. 121 
 
 minus ellipticis, in regione scutellari minus evidenter impressis. 
 — Long. Corp. lin. 2-2^ (var. /3 1|). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; sub quisquiliis aridis in summo ipso Montis 
 Viridis captus, forsan caules plantarum (an Eiqjhorhtarum'!) 
 destruens. Yarietatcm /3 in regione minus elevata (ad Madei- 
 ralzinho), inter quisquQias, cepi. 
 
 Ohs. — Species P. caulimn Canariensi affinis, sed major, elytris 
 convexioribus, magis ellipticis, minus atris (sc. saepius obsoletis- 
 sirae, vix perspicue, submetallico tinctis), ac multo levins striato- 
 punctatis (punctis minoribus striisque subobsoletis). 
 
 A black Plilceophagus (the elytra of which, however, have some- 
 times a just appreciable submetallic tinge) which may be known by 
 its prothorax being most deeply and coarsely punctured, whilst its 
 elytra (which are rather elliptic, or a good deal drawn-in both before 
 and behind) are very lightly striate-punctate — the punctures being 
 comparatively small, and the striae obscure. Its scutellum is obso- 
 lete, and the scutellary region of its elytra is a good deal impressed 
 (or concave). It is very near to the P. cauHum, found in the eastern 
 parts of the Canarian Group, but is larger, with its elytra more 
 elliptical and convex, less intensely black, and very much more 
 lightly and finely sculptiu'ed. 
 
 The P. obesalus was taken by Mr. Gray and myself on the ex- 
 treme summit of Monte Verde, in S. Vicente — by shaking the vege- 
 table refuse (composed principally of the stalks of Indian corn) 
 which had been cleared off from cultivated spots, and collected into 
 heaps. I have no doubt, therefore, that our examples were from 
 the stems of some of the various plants thus accumulated — though, 
 since the entire district abounds with the Euphorbia Tucl-eyana, it 
 is far from unhkely (considering the close affinity of the species 
 with the ^((/>7ior6/«-infesting P. caidium of the Canarian archipe- 
 lago) that they may have been attached in reality to that viscous 
 shrub. I met with several specimens at a much lower altitude 
 (namely at Madeiralzinho, in the same island) which differ a little 
 from the Monte Verde ones, though not sufficiently so to warrant 
 the suspicion that they are more than a mere state — perhaps indi- 
 cative of the regions which are less elevated. They represent the 
 "var. /3" above enunciated, and are rather smaller than what I 
 have regarded as the type, with their prothorax (if possible) even 
 still more densely punctured, and with their elytra a trifle less 
 elliptic, and not quite so concave (or impressed) behind the place 
 of the scutellum. 
 
122 
 
 CURCULIONID^. 
 
 Genus 96. PENTATEMNUS. 
 Wollaston, Trans. Ent. ISoc. Land. v. 385 (1861). 
 
 139. Pentatemnus affinis, n. sp. 
 
 P. angustulo-ellipticus, i)iceusvel piceo-ferrugineus, subnitidus pilis- 
 que longis moUibus (plerumque suberectis) cinereis parce vestitus ; 
 oculis minutis, demissis, fere obsoletis ; prothorace subconico, sat 
 profunde parceqiie puuctato ; elytris transversim rugulosis et vix 
 longitudinaliter subasperato-imbricatis ; antennis brevibus. 
 
 Occnn-it pilis plus minus attritis, — interdum subcalvus. — Long, corp. 
 lin. li-li. 
 
 Hahitat S. Vicente; sub quisquUiis detritisque in salinis arenosis juxta 
 mare lectus, 
 
 Ohs. — P. arenario Canariensi valde affinis ac forsan ejus status 
 geographicus ; vix minor, prothoracis punctis subminoribus, ely- 
 trisque aliter sculpturatis — sc. minus rugosis (vix longitudinaliter 
 subasperato-imbricatis sed punctorum seriebus fere carentibus). 
 
 There is scarcely any Coleopterous insect hitherto observed in these 
 islands which is more interesting locally than the present one, or which 
 would tend to establish a more intimate connexion with the fauna of 
 the Canaries ; for it is so closely allied to the P. arenarius, detected 
 by myself in the eastern parts of that archipelago, that I am by no 
 means satisfied that it is more than a permanent state of the latter 
 peculiar to the Cape Verdes. But whether this be the case or not, it 
 is so near to that insect that it is scarcely possible to regard it other- 
 wise than as a member of at all events the same geographical pro- 
 vince. I took it, in tolerable abundance, beneath the small lines of 
 triturated vegetable refuse which had been deposited by occasional 
 overflowings of the sea, on the low sandy flat immediately behind the 
 sea-beach in S. Vicente — about a mile to the south of Porto Grande. 
 There can be no question that the specimens were washed into the 
 situation in which I obtained them, along with the fragments of dead, 
 broken-up sticks which the water had carried from the base of the 
 neighbouring hillocks of loose drifted sand, and on which are found 
 much the same kind of shrubby plants as those which stud the sand- 
 hills in Fuerteventura and Lanzarote. One of the principal of these 
 is the ZygophyUum Fontanesii ; and it was around the roots of that 
 particular species (in the Canarian Group) that I captured the greater 
 number of my P. arenar'ms ; so that I have little doubt that the S. 
 Vicente examples of the ajjinis were floated into the jiosition in which 
 I met with them from the neighbouring tufts^ of Zygophylhon — a sup- 
 
CURCULIOMD.K. 123 
 
 position which the fact of at least half of them being dead and muti- 
 lated would seem to support. 
 
 Whether the slight differences alluded to in my diagnosis are specific 
 ones I will not undertake to pronounce, more particularly since I con- 
 sider it questionable how far the rugose and punctate types of sculp- 
 ture are (in certain Coleoptera) liable to blend into each other. But, 
 so far as I can perceive, the main point in which the Cape Verde in- 
 sect differs from the Canarian one is in its elytra being apparently 
 free (or very nearly so) from the longitudinal series oi punctures which 
 are always conspicuous (under the microscope) in the latter, and at 
 the same time also h'ss roughened with asperated points. In minor 
 respects, the ajjinis has its j^rothorax a trifle less deeply punctui'ed ; 
 and it seems moreover to descend to a somewhat smaller size — neither 
 of which facts, however, are of much importance. 
 
 Genus 97. MESITES. 
 Schonherr, Gen. et Spec. Cure. iv. 1043 (1838). 
 
 140. Mesites Hesperus, n. sp. 
 
 M. niger sed in elytris siepius paulo picescentior, depressus, calvus ; 
 capite prothoraecque minutissime alutaceis, subopacis, punctiilatis, 
 f route inter oculos profunde foveolata, hoc in medio (prsesertim pos- 
 tice) longitudinaliter impresso et ibidem punetis majoribus notato ; 
 elytris postice gradatim vix attenuatis, profunde crenato-striatis, 
 in interstitiis obsolete transversim rugulosis punctulisque minutis 
 parce irroratis ; antennis pedibusque robustis, rufo-piceis. 
 
 Mas antennis versus medium rostri (concoloris, distincte punctulati) 
 insertis, femoribus subtus obtuse subdentatis. 
 
 Foem. antennis mox ante basin rostri (rufo-picei, nitidi, tereti, sub- 
 tilius punctulati) insertis, femoribus simplicibus. — Long. corp. lin. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et S. Vicente ; EupJiorbias emortuas destruens. 
 
 A Mesites which evidently represents in these islands the M. fusi- 
 formis of the Canarian archipelago and the Madeiran M. euphorbice, 
 though mucJi more allied to the former than the latter. Indeed I am far 
 from satisfied that it is more, in reality, than a permanent geographical 
 state of the /MS?yor»?{s — from which it differs, merely, in its elytra being 
 more parallel (or less attenuated behind), with their interstices more 
 rugulose (transversely) and a trifle more distinctly punctulated, and in 
 its prothorax, at any rate of the females, being somewhat more deeply 
 and evenhj punctured (the lateral punctures not being much coarser, 
 even in that sex, than the disral ones). Although in its hahits c(iually 
 
1^4 CURCULIONID.E. 
 
 representative of the MadeLran M. euphorblce, it and that species 
 nevertheless fall into different Sections of the genus ; for not only 
 does it recede from the latter in its much darker hue, and more 
 shining, less deeply punctured, totally unpubescent surface, but like- 
 wise in its elytra (which are more coarsely crenate-striate, and have 
 their interstices considerably less riigulose) being appreciably less 
 parallel (or with a slight tendency to be narrowed behind), in its legs 
 being more robust, with their third tarsal joint less decidedly bilobed, 
 and with their femora in the male obtusely subdentate internally, 
 and in the antennae of its females being implanted a little further 
 from the extreme base of the rostrum. 
 
 The M. Hesperus wUlmost probably be found to be universal through- 
 out the archipelago, occurring almost wherever there are plants of the 
 Euphorbia TucTceyana for it to subsist upon ; nevertheless hitherto it 
 is only in S. Antao and S. Vicente that it happens to have been de- 
 tected. In the former of those islands I met with it abundantly (in 
 a rotten Eupliorhia-^ieva) in the Eibeira da Babosa, and in the latter 
 at 3Iadeiralzinho and on llonte Yerde — in which last-mentioned lo- 
 cality it was captured also by Mr. Gray. Like most of the Mesites, 
 it is extremely variable in stature. 
 
 (Subfam. RHYNCHOPHORIDES.) 
 
 Genus 98. SITOPHILUS. 
 
 SchfiuheiT, Gen. et Spec. Cure. iv. 967 (1838). 
 141. Sitophilus granarius. 
 
 Curcidio gi'anarius, Linn., Fna Suec. 587 (1761). 
 Sitophilus granarius, Woll.,Ins. 3Iad. 821 (1854). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 104 (1857). 
 
 -, Id., Cat. Can. Col. 279 ( 1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 264 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; in granariis captus, ex Europa in insulam forsan 
 invectus. 
 
 A few specimens of the common European >S. granarius were taken 
 by Mr. Gray and myself in S. Vicente, crawling on the outer walls of 
 Mr. Miller's storehouse at Porto Grande. It has, of course, no real 
 connexion with the Cape Verde Coleoptera — having clearly been in- 
 troduced, along -n-ith corn and other articles of commerce, from more 
 northern latitudes ; nevertheless, since it has been admitted into the 
 fauna of most countries on similar evidence, and I long ago included 
 it in that both of the Madeiran and Canarian Groups, I think we ought 
 not to refuse it a place in the present volume. 
 
CURCULIONID^. 125 
 
 142. Sitophilus oryzae. 
 
 Curculio oryzfe, Linn., Cent. Ins. 12 (1763). 
 Sitophilus orvzfe, Woll, Ins. Mad. 322 (1854). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Mad. Col. lOo (1857). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col 280 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 265 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, S. lago, Fogo, et Brava ; circa domos 
 (praesertim in frumentariis) et in eultis, ex alienis introduetus. 
 In oppidulis praedominat, qua mxiros leute ascendere saepius vi- 
 deatur. 
 
 This spotted and almost cosmopolitan Sitophilus has established 
 itself in the Cape Verde archipelago, much as it has at the Madeiras 
 and Canaries ; but it is a mere introduction through the medium 
 of commerce. I have taken it in S. Antao, S. Vicente, S. lago, Fogo, 
 and Brava, — in the first of which it was captured also by Dr. H. 
 Dohrn, and in S. Antao, S. Vicente, and S. lago by Mr. Gray. 
 
 (Subfam. CIONIDES.) 
 
 Genus 99. NANOPHYES. 
 SchiJnherr, Gett. et Spec. Cure. iv. 780 (1838). 
 
 143. Nanophyes longipes, n. sp. 
 
 N. ellipticus, convexus, niger, nitidus, fere impunctatus sed pilis ro- 
 bustis demissis cinereis vestitus ; rostro elongate, lineari, angusto, 
 subarcuato, (apice laeviore excepto) sulcato-striato, oculis magnis, 
 subapproximatis ; prothorace conico ; elytris obovatis basi trun- 
 catis, profunde striatis ; antenuis (gracilibus, mox pone apicem 
 rostri insertis) pedibusquelongissimis,illarum scapo testaceo, clava* 
 (3-art^) elongata, laxa ; horum coxis testaceis, femoribus subtus 
 3-spinulosis (spinulis duabus internis minutissimis, externa elon- 
 gata subcurvata angusta acutissima), tarsis longissimis, art'* 1'"° et 
 ult™" praecipue elongatis. — Long. corp. lin. 1|. 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; inter plantas in aquosis intermediis deprehensus. 
 
 This large and concolorous Wanojihyes — which is black (with the 
 exception of the testaceous scape and coxae), but covered with a coarse, 
 
 * I believe that Duval was perfectly correct as regards the antennsB of Nano- 
 phyes, and that the two joints which are usually looked upon as forming the 
 base of the club are in reality no more than enlarged ones of the funiculus — 
 which consequently, as in the majority of the CurcuUonid<e, is 7- (instead of 
 only 5-) articulate. In some of the species indeed these supposed " claval " arti- 
 culations are so far reduced in size as even to appear scarcely larger than the 
 terminal ones often are, oi fimicuH ; wliilst the fact that the true clava is some- 
 times obscurely annulated shows that it alone constitutes the actual club, as 
 being made up of two or three otlier joints whicli are soldered closely together. 
 
126 cuRCULioxiD.i:. 
 
 decumbent, cinereous pubescence — differs from the ordinary members 
 of the genus in its limbs being greatly elongated (a fact which is espe- 
 cially observable as regards the tarsi, the length of their first and ter- 
 minal joints being far beyond what is normal), and in its antenna} 
 being inserted almost at the apex of its (slender and sulcate) rostrum. 
 There can be no question however that it is a true Nanophyes — its 
 external contour and structure, added to the peculiar spinules on the 
 inner edge of its femora, and the modifications of its antennae, leaving 
 no room for doubt concerning its affinities. In its rather large size, 
 and concolorous, unfasciated surface, it bears a strong prima facie re- 
 semblance to the European N. siculus, though in all its other, and 
 most important, details it recedes entirely from that species. 
 
 The N. longijpes is extremely rare, the few examples which I have 
 seen having been taken by myself in the interior of S. lago — namely, 
 at San Domingos and in the Ribeira dos Orgaos. They were all of 
 them captured by bnishing the rank vegetation in marshy spots, ad- 
 joining their respective streams ; but to what particular plant they 
 were attached I did not succeed in ascertaining. 
 
 (Subfam. RHINOMACEEIDES. ) 
 
 Genus 100. AULETES. 
 Schonherr, Cure. Disp. Meth. 46 (1826). 
 
 144. Auletes euphorbise, u. sp. 
 
 A. elongato-ovatus, pube molli cinerea (in elytris erecta elongata) 
 dense vestitus ; capite nigro, sat profunde punctate, rostro gracili 
 elongato vix picescentiore et minutius punctulato ; prothorace an- 
 gustulo, subconico, ad latera pone medium paulo rotundato, dense 
 punctate, testaceo sed utrinque et super discum plus minus nigres- 
 cente ; elytris testaceis, per suturam nigrcscentioribus, profunde, 
 rugulose, parcius et vix seriatim punctatis (punctis magnis) ; an- 
 tennis pedibusque elongatis, illis gracilibus picescentibus (ad api- 
 cem fere nigris), his infuscate testaceis, interdum in femoribus 
 (rarius in tibiis, rarissime in tarsis) obscuratis. — Long. corp. lin. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, S. lago, Fogo, et Brava; ad flores folia- 
 que Euphorhice Tuckeyanc^, late diffusus. 
 
 This fine Auletes is rather larger (on the average) than any of the 
 Canarian and Madeiran species hitherto detected ; its rostrum is a 
 little longer, as well as somewhat more shining and more finely punc- 
 
CURCULIONID.'E. 127 
 
 tured ; aud its limbs are altogether more elongate. This last fact is 
 very apparent as regards the feet, which also have their third joint 
 very broadly bilobed. Its pubescence likewise is longer and denser, 
 and is on the elytra much more erect ; and its entii'e colour is consi- 
 derably darker — being normally of much the same hue as the darkest 
 aberration of the A. maderensis. In the shape of its posteriorly- 
 rounded prothorax it is more on the pattern of the madereiisis and 
 anceps than of the cylindricoUis. Like most of the exponents of this 
 genus, it is exceedingly variable in hue ; but typically its head, ros- 
 trum, and antennae seem to vary from piceous into nearly black, whilst 
 its prothorax is testaceous, but so largely infuscated at the sides and 
 across the disk as to appear (on the whole) almost dark, and its elytra 
 are uniformly pale except along the suture — which is conspicuously 
 obscured. The legs are either altogether testaceous or clouded (more 
 or less) in most of their parts, especially however the femora. 
 
 The A. euphorhice, as its name implies, is eminently oi Euplwrhia- 
 infesting habits — though, unlike either the wood-boring Coleoptera 
 or those which reside beneath merely putrid bark, it is of coiu-se only 
 on the flowers and foliage of those ^"iscous shi'ubs that (in its imago- 
 state) it is to be found ; but in such situations it probably exists, 
 wherever the E. Tuckeyana still remains, throughout the archipelago. 
 It was taken by Dr. H. Dohrn (at the Barro de Ferro) in the north 
 of S. Antao, by Mr. Gray and myself on the top of Monte Yerde in 
 S. Vicente, by myself on the hills above S** Catharina in the interior 
 of S. lago, as well as at the Monte Nucho in Togo, and by Mr. Gray 
 above the Povoa^ao in Brava — in every instance on bushes of the 
 Exiphorhia. 
 
 (Subfam. APIONIDES.) 
 
 Genus 101. APION. 
 Herbst, Kaf. vii. 100 (1797). 
 
 145. Apion 4-spinosum, n. sp. 
 
 A. elongato-ovatum, opacum, nigrum sed ubique squamis demissis 
 cinereo-albidis vestitum ; antennis pone medium rostri (elongati, 
 linearis, teretis, subarcuati) insertis ; prothorace (subter squamis 
 leviter et parce punctato) conico ; elytris (subter squamis profunde 
 crenato-striatis, in interstitiis rugulosis sed vix punctulatis) ad 
 basin juxta scutellum utrinque densius albido-squamosis ; pedibus 
 (pi-aesertim in femoribus tibiisque rectis) clarioribus. 
 
 Mas rostro paululum breviore rugosiusque sculpturato, ad antenna- 
 
128 cuRcuLioxiD.i-:. 
 
 rum insertionem obsoletissime subampliato ; tibiis posterioribus ad 
 angulum internum spinula subcurvata armatis. — Long. corp. lin. 1 1 . 
 
 Hahitat Fogo ; super folia plantarum, praesertim Aervce javanicte, in 
 inferioribus intermediisijue occurrens. 
 
 This Jpion is particTilarly interesting, as being the only member 
 of the genus hitherto detected in these islands ; and it may easily be 
 recognized by its surface being uniformly clothed with a coarse, de- 
 cumbent, whitish pubescence. It is further remarkable for the four 
 hinder tibiae of its males being armed at their inner apical angle with 
 a slightly curved spinule*. We observed it only in Fogo, where it 
 was first captm-ed by Mr. Gray (from plants of the Aerva javanica) 
 at a low elevation between S. Filippe and the Porto da Luz ; and we 
 subsequently met with it, at a much higher altitude, and in still 
 greater abundance, by beating the rank herbage at the Monte Xucho. 
 lu all probability it is not peculiar to this archipelago ; for I possess 
 four specimens taken by the late Mr. Melly in Egypt which (although 
 perhaps a trifle smaller) seem hardly separable from the Cape Yerde 
 ones ; but as all of them are unfortunately females, I cannot examine 
 the tibiae of their male sex, and therefore am not able to decide posi- 
 tively. 
 
 (Subfam. CLEONIDES.) 
 
 Genus 102. MICROLARINUS. 
 Hochhuth, Bull, de Moscou, i. 540 (1847). 
 
 146. Microlarinus lypriformis. 
 
 M. angusto-linearis, fusco-niger sed pube fusco-cinerea subalbidaque 
 nebulosusetpilis elongatissuberectis (in elytris sublongitudinaliter) 
 parce obsitus ; rostro brevi, crasso, sed subhneari, oculis sat parvis 
 subrotundatis ; prothorace rugose punctato, ad latera subrecto 
 atque ibidem densius subalbido ; elytris subcylindricis, punctato- 
 striatis, singulis in maculis duabus basalibus (sc. ad humerum et 
 juxta scutellum) necnon in duabus postmediis sublateralibus (om- 
 nibus indistinctis et plus minus obliteratis) densius subalbidis ; 
 antennis (brevibus) pedibusque (crassiusculis) rufo-ferrugineis, 
 clava obscuriore, acuminata. — Long. corp. lin. l|-2. 
 
 * It is not an uncommon circumstance for the hvo front tibia of the male 
 Apions to be furnished at their inner apical angle with a small spine (a charac- 
 ter which may be seen in the Canarian A. calcaratum, the chalybeipenne of the 
 Madeiran and Canarian Groups, and the European cardttorum, mneum, and 
 radiolus, and obscurely in the onopordi) ; but I am acquainted with no other 
 species in which the spinule is removed to ihefov.r hinder ones. Possibly, how- 
 ever, a close examination might show that this structure obtains even in some of 
 the recognized forms. 
 
cuucuLioxiD,*:. 129 
 
 Rhinocyllas lypriformis, Wall., Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 102 (18G1), 
 
 Habitat S, Vicente, Fogo, et Brava ; praesertim plantas ZygophijUi 
 (vel siinplicis vel Fontanesii) in aridis arenosisque inferioribus 
 colens. 
 
 This rather narrow and subcylindrical little Curculionid (which is 
 irregularly clothed with a dirty yellowish- brown and whitish pubes- 
 cence, and sparingly studded with suberect, cinereous, or almost silvery , 
 hairs) is widely spread over the archipelago, where we may anticipate 
 that it will be found to be prett}^ general in arid and sandy spots of a 
 low elevation. A single example of it was taken, many years ago, by 
 Mr. A. Fry, in S. Vicente — in which island a second was lately ob- 
 tained (at Madeiralzinho) by Mr. Gray ; and it was also found by Mr. 
 Gray on the succulent plants oi Zyriophylhmi between S. Filippe and 
 the Porto da Luz in Fogo (where I Ukewise met with it, afterwards, in 
 tolerable abundance), as well as near the Porto da Furna in Brava. 
 
 The M. hjpriformis is very closely allied to the M. Lareynei of 
 southern Europe, of which indeed it might well be regarded as but 
 a geographical state. It seems to be, merely, a trifle narrower and 
 more straightened, with its elytra not quite so wide just behind their 
 base (at the humeral angles), and with the decumbent portion of its 
 scale-like pubescence of a slightly yellower, or less silvery, tinge. 
 
 Genus 103. LIXUS. 
 Fabricius, Syst. Ent. ii. 498 (1775). 
 
 147. Lixus creteopictus, n. sp. 
 
 L. cylindrico-oblongus, niger, pube grisea adspersus necnon pulvere 
 cretaceo plus minus albido et subroseo densissime Isete variegatus ; 
 rostro (prothorace breviore) cylindrico, crassiusculo, ocuhs magnis, 
 reniformibus ; prothorace (subter squamis profunde et parce punc- 
 tato) conico, subroseo, sed ad latera (apice punctuloque medio 
 exceptis) albido ; elytris (subter squamis grosse substriato-punc- 
 tatis) ad basin ipsam prothoracis latitudine, apice singulatim ro- 
 tundatis, subroseo albidoque irregulariter marmorato-fasciatis (sc. 
 ssepius subalbidis sed in fasciis basali obscura, media dentata, et 
 subapicali intus abbreviata, omnibus plus minus obscuris suffusis, 
 subroseis) ; antennis tarsisque brevibus elarioribus, femoribus mu- 
 ticis, tibiis ad apicem internum acutis sed hand uncinatis, tarsis 
 late dilatatis. 
 
 Variat pulvere plus minus omnino saturate vel subflave albido (vix 
 subroseo adspersus), fasciis segre observandis. — Long. corp. lin. 
 3^-vix 6. 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; aAioXm ProsopicUs (et ravius Zizyjyhi) in apricis in- 
 ferioribus intermediisque degens. 
 
130 CURCULIOXID^:. 
 
 This elegant, but variable, Ltxtts was discovered by Mr. Gray, close 
 to the Villa da Praia, in S. lago — on a prickly Acacia, or Prosopis 
 (probably the P. j[)hysocarim),'va. the Palm-grove adjoining the east- 
 ern outskirts of the town, a locality in which I met with it myself, 
 subsequently, in equal profusion. Although chiefly on the Prosopis, 
 we obtained it occasionally from the (likewise spiny) Ziz)jphus ortlia- 
 cantha — both of which are unquestionably indigenous in the Cape 
 Verde archipelago. We did not observe it in any of the other islands, 
 and indeed I am not aware that those trees occur (either of them) 
 except in S. lago ; but in the latter it will perhaps be pretty general 
 throughout the districts which are characterized by that remarkable, 
 and often quaintly-distorted, Prosopis — from which I also captured 
 it at San Domingos. 
 
 The present Lixus being the only one hitherto detected in the Cape 
 Verdes, it can scarcely be confounded with anything else enumerated 
 in this volume ; nevertheless the excessive beauty of the unrubbed 
 and highly-colovu'ed examples of it, which are densely clothed with 
 a mixture of a somewhat rosy and almost white chalky powder — the 
 head and prothorax (which however has its sides white) being chiefly 
 of the former tint, whilst the elytra are mainly of the latter, but or- 
 namented with three more or less obscure and broken irregular red- 
 dish fasciae, — will sufficiently characterize the species. Being very 
 variable, however, its cretaceous covering is sometimes almost en- 
 tirely of a dirty yellowish-white, with only faint traces of the darker 
 elytral fascise ; whilst, on the other hand, old and abraded specimens 
 (the clothing of which has been destroyed) are of coui'se nearly black. 
 It has a ^^t prima, facie resemblance to the L. nycterophorus, of 
 Reiche, from Abyssinia ; but, apart from many other distinctions, that 
 species (the antennae of which, judging from the published figiu'e, are 
 longer) has the femora dentate ; whereas in the creteopictus they are 
 simple. 
 
 Genus 104. CLEONUS. 
 Schonherr, Cure. Disj). Meth. 145 (1826). 
 
 148. Cleonus mucidus. 
 
 C. oblongus, niger, pube ciuereo- (vel subflavo-) brunnea densissime 
 tectus ; rostro (prothoracis circa longitudine) lineari, angulato, 
 supra bisulcato, oculis elongatis, anguste reniformibus ; prothorace 
 (subter squamis profunde denseque rugoso-punctato) breviter sub- 
 conico, in disco vix parcius squamoso ; elytris (subter squamis 
 grossestriato-punctatis) ad basin ipsam prothoracis latitudine, pone 
 
CURCULIONID^:. 131 
 
 humeros (oblique sectos) subangulatis, per cliscum obsoletissime 
 fasciis tribus valde abbreviatis maculiformibus (sc. antemedia, post- 
 media, et subapicali obsoleta in impressione sita) utriuque nebulo- 
 sis, ad apicem ipsissimiim paululum dehiscentibiis ; abdominis seg- 
 mentis 2^°, 3"", et 4'° (vix 5'°) snbtus ad basin nigro 4-maciJatis. 
 — Long. Corp. lin. 5|. 
 
 Curculio mucidus, Germ., Mag. der Ent. i. 132 (1813). 
 Cleonus velatus, maculipes, et mucidus, S'chdn., Gen. et Spec. Cure. ii. 
 196, 197, 221 (1834). 
 
 mucidus et var. /3, Id., ibid. vi. (pars 2) 48 (1842). 
 
 , WolL, Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 101 (1861). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente, et S. lago ; in aridis inferioribus, rarior. 
 
 I took a single example of the C. mucidus, close to the ViUa da 
 Praia, in S. lago — beneath a stone, in the Palm-grove to the east of 
 the town ; and four more were captui'ed, some years ago, by Mr. A. 
 Fry (" under succulent plants " near Porto Grande) in S. Vicente. 
 We may expect therefore that it will be pretty general, at low ele- 
 vations, throughout the archipelago ; for it is a species which has a 
 wide range along the western countries of Africa — occm-ring in Sene- 
 gal, Guinea, &c., and even so far south as the Cape of Good Hope. 
 In eastern Africa it appears to be represented by the nearly-allied 
 C. arenariits — which is found in Egj^jt, &c., and which extends even 
 into India. It is a variable insect, in the exact colour of its scales ; 
 and the particular phasis of it which occurs in these islands was de- 
 scribed in the second volume of Schonherr's work as distinct, under 
 the name of C. macidipes ; but subsequently (in vol. \'i.) it was treated 
 as a " var. /3 " of the mucidus — being altogether of a rather yellower 
 tint, with its abdominal patches brighter, and its legs a trifle more 
 annulated. 
 
 (Subfam. BYRSOPSIDES.) 
 
 Genus 105. GRONOPS. 
 Schonherr, Cure. Disj). Meth. 157 (1826). 
 
 149. Gronops pallidnlus, n. sp. 
 
 G. squamis fulvo-cinereis, cinereis, et paulo obscurioribus densissime 
 marmoratus, squamisque demissis subcinereis (in elytris longitu- 
 dinaliter) pareissime adspersus; rostro angulato, supra planiusculo, 
 inter oculos profunde foveolato ; prothorace angustulo, intequali, 
 pone apicem transversim constricto, fulvo-cinereo sed ad latera 
 (subrecta) necnon in medio (late canaliculate) magis subalbido- 
 cinereo ; elytris prothorace multo latioribus, grosse striato-puncta- 
 tis, in sutura interstitiisque alternis costato-elevatis (costa discali 
 
 k2 
 
132 CURCULIONID^. 
 
 ante apiccm subito terminata, nodum parvum efficiente), cinereo- 
 bninneis et hinc inde subiiigro irroratis, sed utrinqiie et postice 
 plus minus fulvo-cinereis, necnon in faseiis duabus transversis ob- 
 scuris (sc. in medio et ante apicem sitis) paululum albidioribus. 
 Vanat squamis plus minus concoloribus, faseiis obsoletis. — Long. 
 Corp. lin. 2^-2|. 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; sub lapidibus in aridis infericribus, ac paululum 
 elevatis, congregans. 
 
 This handsome Gronops is venj much larger than the European (and 
 Canarian) G. Innatus, with the subapical node of its elytra less de- 
 veloped, with its legs relatively longer, and with its coloration diife- 
 rent. This latter (although perhaps with a less admixture of snowy- 
 white scales) is on the whole paler and more uniform — the major por- 
 tion of the surface being of a pale yellowish-brown, or brownish- 
 cinereous, hue; and the two elj'tral fasciae (the anterior one of which 
 is narrower and less lunulate) are more suffused, or less sharply de- 
 fined. The only specimens which I have seen were taken by myself, 
 beneath stones, at a very slight elevation in S. Vicente — on the arid 
 slopes about a mile to the south-east of Porto Grande, in ascending 
 from the sandy tracts to the first range of low rounded hills. There, 
 however, it was in tolerable abundance — occurring (as is usual with 
 the members of this genus and RhytidorMnus) in chisters, within the 
 scoriaceoiis hollows of the stones. 
 
 (Subfam, BRACHYDERIDES,) 
 
 Genus 106, DINAS (nov, gen.). 
 
 Corpus plus minus elongato-ovatum, minutissime squamosum et in- 
 terdum setis erectis obsitum, apterum ; rostro brevi, subparallelo, 
 supra planiusculo, scrohe profundo, curvato, longe ante marginem 
 oculi (parvi, subrotundati) auticum oblique ducto ; prothorace an- 
 tice paululum constricto-angustato, sed recte terminate et fasci- 
 culis lateralibus hand instructo ; scnteUo minutissimo, segre obser- 
 vando ; eh/tris antice plus minus angustatis, ad basin ipsam aut 
 prothoracis latitndine aut paululum latioribus, A7iten7ice (ad apicem 
 rostri insertoe) subgraciles ; scap)o subflexuoso, ad apicem parum 
 subito clavato ; fumculo 7-articulato, art'' 1™° et 2^° obconicis, iUo 
 longiusculo, hoc breviore, reHqujs subrotundatis moniliformibus 
 latitndine vix crescentibus (art" horum medio, aut funiculi quinto, 
 annexis obsoletissime subminore) ; clavd abrupta, solide 3-articu- 
 lata, apice acuta. Pedes longiueculi, robusti ; femoribus subtus 
 denticulo minuto armatis ; tibiis anticis subeurvatis, et intus saepius 
 minutissime subserratis ; tarsis latiusculis, unguiculis ad basin con- 
 natis. 
 [Typus — D. rugicollis.'] 
 
curculionidjE. 133 
 
 The five species for which I have estabHshed the present genus are 
 remarkable {inter alia) for their femora being armed beneath -with a 
 minute spinule, and for the first and second joints of their funiculus 
 being obconical and (particularly the former) comparatively elongate, 
 whilst the remaining five are short, subgiobose, and moniliform — the 
 central one of them, moreover (or the fifth of the funiculus), being- 
 just perceptibly smaller than the one which precedes and that which 
 follows it. As in most of the true Bracliy derides, the elytra are more 
 or less narrowed anteriorly (where they are either of the same width 
 as the base of the prothorax, or only very slightly broader), their 
 bodies are apterous, their scutella are barely traceable, and their claws 
 are soldered together at the base. I may add that I sent the B. ob- 
 sita to Liege, for the opinion of Lacordaire — who returned it with the 
 following remark ; " J'ai examine avec soin le petit insecte des iles 
 du Cap Vert. Je ne le connais pas, mais c'est evidemment un 
 Brachyderide vrai, tres voisin des Foucartia et des Platytarsus, mais 
 ne rentrant bien dans aucun de ces deux genres — dont il differe non 
 seulement par ses cuisses dentees en dessous, mais par quelques autres 
 caracteres portant jirincipalement sur le rostre et les scrobes. Je erois 
 que vous pouvez hardiment en faire un genre, dont la place me parait 
 etre entre les deux que je viens de nommer." 
 
 150. Dinas rugicollis, n. sp. 
 
 D. nigra, quasi subcalva (solum squamulis minutissimis grauulifor- 
 mibus fere concoloribus, aut vix dilutioribus, pr?esertim postice ir- 
 rorata, pilisque suberectis subcinereis versus latera et apicem par- 
 cissime obsita) ; rostro parce et leviter punctulato,* necnon rugose 
 longitudinaliter strigoso ; prothorace brevi, apice truncato, ad la- 
 tera valde rotundato, basi distincte marginato, grosse scabroso- 
 tuberculato (tuberculis maguis), in medio profunde caiialieulato ; 
 scutello minutissimo ; elytris convexis, subgiobosis, inflatis, leviter 
 substriato-punctatis ; antennis brevibas, pieescentibus, clava ab- 
 rupta ; pedibus robustis, femoribus subtus denticulo minutissimo 
 armatis, tibiis anticis intus distincte sed parce serratis ; tarsis la- 
 tiusculis. — Long. corp. lin. 3-3 j. 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; sub lapidibus in summo ipso Montis Viridis par- 
 cissime deprehensa. 
 
 A most remarkable Curculionid, and apparently exceedingly scarce 
 — the very few specimens which I have seen having been captured 
 by myself, beneath stones, on the extreme summit of Monte Verde, 
 in S. Vicente. Probably, however, at a difi^erent season of the year 
 it might be more plentiful. Its rather large size and deep-black hue. 
 
134 curculionidjE. 
 
 combined with its short, laterally-rounded, and very roughly sculp- 
 tured jDrothorax (which is densely beset with exceedingly coarse 
 tubercles), and its convex, inflated, subglobose, lightly striate-punc- 
 tate elytra, vnl\ sufficiently characterize it. Its rostrum is a trifle 
 longer than in the four following species, its antennal club is thicker 
 and more abrupt, and its anterior tibiae are more evidently serrated 
 internally. The fact of its surface being black causes it at first sight 
 to appear entirely bald : nevertheless when closely inspected it will 
 be seen that at any rate its elytra are besprinkled with most minute 
 and nearly eoncolorous scales, which have all the primd facie appear- 
 ance of granules. They are more abundant, however, behind than 
 in front — where, also, from being a little paler (or more fulvescent), 
 they are more conspicuous. 
 
 151. Dinas elliptipennis, n. sp. 
 
 D. subnigra, squamulis minutis submetallico-cinereis densissime ue- 
 bulosa pilisque erectis subcinereis praesertim postice parce obsita ; 
 rostro antice lae'sd, postice argute longitudinaliter strigoso ; pro- 
 thorace ad latera rotundato, utrinque saepius subdensius cinereo, 
 in medio subintegro (vix canaliculato) ; scutello distincto ; ely- 
 tris ellipticis, leviter jiunctato-striatis ; antennis (breviusculis) 
 pedibusque ferrugiueis, femoribus subtus denticulo minuto arma- 
 tis, tibiis auticis intus obsolete et parce serratis ; tarsis latiusculis. 
 — Long. Corp. lin. 2^-vix 3. 
 
 Habitat Togo ; in herbidis (inter Euphorbias) ad Monte Nueho 
 capta. 
 
 Easily known from the other species here enumerated by its ely- 
 tra being more* regularly elliptical, and its entire surface densely 
 clothed vnth Avhitish, or cinereous, scales which have a distinct sub- 
 metallic lustre. It is smaller than the last species, but a little 
 larger and broader than the following ones. Neither its scutellum 
 nor the denticle of its femora is quite so minute as is the case in 
 the rugicollis, and its antennal club is narrower and more acumi- 
 nate ; but its feet are almost as broad as in that insect, and its 
 anterior tibiae ai-e very obsoletely serrated along- their inner edge. 
 Its rostrum is smooth anteriorly, but longitudinally strigulose behind ; 
 its antennae are rather short, and of a clear rufo-ferruginous tint ; 
 and its prothorax is closely rugose-punctate, and almost free from 
 any appearance of a dorsal channel. 
 
 I have seen but five examples of this insect — all of which were 
 taken by myself, amongst herbage, and in the immediate vicinity of 
 the Euphorbias, at the Monte Nucho, in Fogo. 
 
curculionidjE. 135 
 
 152. Dinas angustula, n. sp. 
 
 D. angustula, subnigra, squamulis minutis cinereis et brunneis 
 (rarius submetaUicis) densissime lutoso-nebulosa, aut calva aut 
 setis crassis suberectis subcinereis priesertim postice parce obsita ; 
 j)rotborace ad latera leviter rotundato, utrinque subdeusius cinereo, 
 in medio subintegro aut tenuiter canaliculato ; scutello minutis- 
 simo, aegre observando ; elytris angustulis, antice gradatim angus- 
 tatis (ad basin ipsam prothoracis latitudine), in medio le\iter ro- 
 tundatis, punctato-striatis ; apitennis pedibusque aut ferrugineis, 
 aut piceo-ferrugineis, iUarum clava acuta, femoribus subtus den- 
 ticulo minuto armatis, tibiis anticis intus subintegris, tarsis latius- 
 culis. — Long. Corp. lin. 2-2^. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao ; in intermediis editioribusque, praesertim inter Eu- 
 phorbias, lecta. 
 
 Whatever may be the modes of life of the other members of the 
 present genus, this species and the following one appear to be at- 
 tached chiefly to the Euphorbias — from the bushes of which they 
 may sometimes be taken in considerable profusion. Whether they 
 are exclusively, however, of Euphorbia-inf esting propensities I can- 
 not tell ; for we occasionally obtained them from the flowers of other 
 plants likewise, in the vicinity of those viscous shrubs ; but 1 am 
 inclined to suspect that, in at aU events their previous states, they 
 will be found to be so. And if that should be the case, 1 have 
 little doubt that the habits of at any rate the elliptipennis (from 
 Fogo) are similar. The D. angustula was captured abundantly, by 
 Dr. H. Dohrn, in the north of S. Antao — from Euphorbias at the 
 Feijaa dos Bois ; and three examples of it (which are altogether 
 free from additional erect setae) were found by Mr. Gray in the 
 same island — namely, at Catano, towards the head of the Ribeira 
 das Patas. 
 
 The present Dinas, however, and the following one bemg both 
 extremely variable (in outline and clothing), I cannot feel altogether 
 satisfied that they are more in reality than insular states of a single 
 plastic form. Yet, in spite of their great instability, they certainly 
 do possess a few distinctive characters, one or more of which are 
 always appreciable in even the most aberrant specimens. Thus the 
 D. angustula is on the average a little larger and narrower than the 
 obsita ; its elytra are less ovate (or less rounded behind the middle), 
 and more sparingly studded with rather shorter setae (some exam- 
 ples indeed being quite free from them) ; and its antennae and legs 
 are just perceptibly thicker. The club of the former, also, is a trifle 
 
136 CURCULIONlDiE. 
 
 less abrupt at its base (consequent on the ultimate joints of the 
 funiculus being a little more incrassated), and more decidedly acu- 
 minate at its apex ; and the tibia? and feet are somewhat broader, 
 or more developed — the former being, if anything, a little more 
 curved (or less straightened along their inner edge), 
 
 153. Dinas obsita, n. sp. 
 
 D. prgecedenti affinis et forsan ejus varietas insularis ; pleruraque 
 subminor ae paulo minus angustata, elytris magis ovatis (pone 
 medium rotundatioribus ) setisque longioribus densius adspersis, 
 antennis pedibusque sensim gracilioribus, illarum clava ad basin 
 pauhilum magis abrupta (i. e. funiculi articulis ulterioribus vix 
 minus incrassatis) necnon ad apicem minus acuminata, tibiis sub- 
 rectioribus (intus evidenter minus sinuatis), tarsis subangustiori- 
 bus. — Long. Corp. lin. 1-|-2|. 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; prsecipue inter Eupfwrhiafi, sed interdum ad floras 
 varies {Tornahenice insulans et caet.), in editioribus occurrens. 
 
 Whilst the last species seems to be peculiar to S. Antao, the pre- 
 sent one clearly rejiresents it in the neighbouring island of S. Vi- 
 cente ; and, considering how variable both of them are, I cannot (as 
 just stated) feel quite sure (despite the opposite aspect of their ex- 
 tremes) that they are more than insular modifications of a single 
 form. Yet to treat them as such would perhaps hardly be prudent- 
 seeing that they have a few distinguishing points which are always 
 more or less traceable, and since the tvhole of these four species (the 
 elliptipennis, ancjustula, obsita, and sitoacformis) are connected topo- 
 graphically with each other in much the same kind of way as are 
 the two now under consideration. The D. obsita. occurs in the 
 higher districts of S. Vicente (as the angustida does in those of 
 S, Antao), from which island it was first communicated to me, a 
 few years ago, by the English consul, Mr, Miller, During our late 
 expedition, however, it was taken abundantly by myself and Mr, 
 Gray on the summit of Monte Verde — chiefly on the floAvers, and 
 dead shrubs, of the Euphorbia Tuclceyana, though likewise on the 
 blossoms of Tornabenia insularis (a carrot-like plant growing in the 
 immediate vicinity of the former). I have little doubt that it is, in 
 reality, of EiipJiorbia-miesting habits. 
 
 As already implied, the D. obsita is on the average a little smaller 
 than the angustida ; and its elytra are usually more ovate (or 
 rounded behind the middle), as well as more densely (though, at 
 the same time, sparingly) beset with rather longer erect seta?. Its 
 
CURCULIOXID.^. 137 
 
 limbs also are just appreciably slenderer, with the antennal club 
 somewhat abrupter at the base (consequent on the terminal joints of 
 the funiculus being a trifle less thickened), and less acuminated at 
 the apex ; its tibiae are, if anything, perhaps, straighter (or less 
 sinuated along their inner edge) ; and its feet are not quite so 
 broad. 
 
 154. Dinas sitonaeformis, n, sp. 
 
 D. nigra, nitida, squamulis minutis cinereo-metallicis (ssepius ojDalino 
 et virescente, rarius subaureo vel cupreo tinctis) nebulosa (sed 
 pUis setisve omnino carens) ; capite rostroque fere esculpturatis, 
 oculis majusculis prominentibus ; prothorace (saltern in disco) 
 leviter et parce punctate, ad latera paulo rotundato et vix subden- 
 sius squamoso, in medio tenuiter canaliculate ; scutello minuto ; 
 elytris ovaHbus, subconvexis, (ad basin ipsam prothorace vix latio- 
 ribus,) punctato-striatis ; antennis jjedibusque longiusculis, fer- 
 rugineis, iUis versus apicem femoribusque (subtus denticulo mi- 
 nuto armatis) paulo obseurioribus, tibiis anticis intus subintegris, 
 tarsis longiusculis. — Long. corp. Un. 2-2^. 
 
 Habitat S. Nicolao ; a Dom. Gray inter plantas Malvce parvijlorce sat 
 copiose deprehensa. 
 
 Several examples of this distinct species were brushed by Mr. 
 Gray off some plants of Malva ^^fifvijlora, on the mountains in 
 S. Nicolao — at about 2000 feet above the sea. They bear so strong 
 a prima facie resemblance to a somewhat opaline, submetallic Sitona 
 (of the regetisteinensis and lat'ipennis type) that, until I had examined 
 them carefully, I concluded them to be an exponent of that genus ; 
 nevertheless the denticle of their femora, their apterous body, their 
 connate claws, and the structure of their funiculus — the first and 
 second joints of which (especially the former) are obconical and 
 comparatively elongate, whilst the remaining five are short and sub- 
 monQiform, with the third (or central) one of ih.exR just appreciably 
 smaller than those which adjoin it — unmistakeably affiliate them 
 mth the members of our present group, of which perhaps they may 
 be regarded as the representative in S. Nicolao. If peculiar how- 
 ever to the Mallows, they at least recede in their habits from most 
 of the other species (which seem more or less dependent on the Eu- 
 phorbias) ; but, still, we have yet to ascertain that this is truly the 
 case ; for Mr, Gray's examples may possibly have been attracted to 
 the blossoms of those plants, just as the D. obsita in S. Vicente ap- 
 pear to have been to those of the carrot-like Tornabenia. 
 
 Eut whatever be the mode of life of the fJ. st/oaivfontus. it is 
 
138 ANTHRlBIDiE. 
 
 abundantly distinct from the other species here enumerated ; for not 
 only is it more brightly coloured, or metallic (varying in its scales 
 from a palish opaline-blue into greenish, or even into a brassy green), 
 and apparently fi'ce from all traces of suberect hairs or setse, but its 
 surface (beneath the pubescence) is more polished, and the sculpture 
 of its head and prothorax is very much lighter ; indeed the former, 
 together with the rostrum, is almost unsculptured. The last five 
 joints of its funiculus are not quite so rounded and moniliform as is 
 the case in the urher species. 
 
 Fam. 35. ANTHRIBID^. 
 
 Genus 107. TRIGONORHINUS. 
 
 WoUaston, Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 102 (1861). 
 
 Corpus breviter oblongum, densissime pubesceute variegatum ; rostro 
 brevissirao, subtiiangulari, apice integro bisinuate rotundato (nee 
 emarginato, nee etiam truncate), oculis parvis, demissis, antice 
 anguste emarginatis ; prothorace convexo, aequali (nee tuberculato, 
 nee strigato), conico, postice elytrorum latitudine, antice rotun- 
 date producto, basi marginato, necnon in dimidia parte postica 
 marginis lateralis carinato ; scutello parvo, subrotundato ; elytris 
 postice pygidio brevioribus. Antennce prothorace vix breviores, 
 graciles sed apice abrupte et valde clavatae, mox ante sinum ocu- 
 lorum in fovea laterali insertse, art'^ 1'"° et 2^° (illo prsecipue) 
 longiusculis robustis, reliquis ad clavam parvis latitudine sub- 
 sequalibus (3''" quarto vix longiore), 9°°, 10"° et 11™° clavam mag- 
 nam valde abruptam crassam triarticulatam efficientibus. Pedes 
 sat validi, jyostici paulo breviores : femorilnis muticis : tarsis pseu- 
 dotetrameris, art'^ 1"'° et 2*^° longitudiue subaequalibus, hoc apice 
 leviter emarginato, tertium profunde bilobum recipiente, 4'° minu- 
 tissimo, inter lobos tertii abscondito. 
 
 The present genus is perhaps nearer to Cratoparis than to An- 
 thribus proper ; and it may be known, inter alia, by its exceedingly 
 short and triangular rostrum (which is wide behind, regularly 
 attenuated anteriorly, and produced, or rounded, at its extreme 
 apex, instead of being scooped-out), its sunken eyes, greatly abbre- 
 viated, abruptly-clubbed antennae, conical prothorax, and even sur- 
 face. And it is also remarkable from its having no trace whatso- 
 ever of the antebasal prothoracic costa which is usually more or less 
 apparent in these immediate Orthocerous groups ; and its antennae 
 have their third and fourth joints subequal in length, with their 
 clava very wide and abrupt. 
 
ANTHKlBID.i:. 139 
 
 155. Trigonorliinus pardalis. 
 T. breviter subcylindrieo-oblongus, squamis briinneo-nigris et ful- 
 vescenti-subcinereis densissime variegatus, sed pilis erectis om- 
 nino carens ; rostro brevi, triangulari, depresso ; prothorace conico, 
 convexo, brunneo-uigro sed obscure fulvescente marmorato ; co- 
 leopteris Isetius maculatis, so. (prcesertim in disco) fulvescenti-sub- 
 cinereis, sed in intcrstitiis alternis puuctis brunneo-nigris longi- 
 tudinaliter tessellatis, necnon iiiriuque macula majore discali 
 brunneo-nigra ornatis ; antennis brevibus, rufo-ferrugineis, clava 
 (abrupta) pedibusque nigrescentibus. — Long. corp. lin. 1|-2|. 
 Trigonorhinus pardalis, Woll.^loc. cit. 103 (1861). 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; mihi non obvius, sed a DD. Gray et Clark mense 
 Decembri a.d. 1856 invenisse dicitur. 
 
 Two examples of this insect were communicated by the Rev. H. 
 Clark, amongst the few species which were taken by himself and 
 Mr. Gray during their day's sojourn at S. Vicente, in December 1856; 
 but as we did not meet with any traces of it during our recent (and 
 more careful) explorations in the same island, I cannot but feel that 
 additional evidence would be very desirable in order to make per- 
 fectly sure that no mistake arose concerning its habitat. I mention 
 this, not that I have any particular reason for questioning the 
 latter, but simply because we did not obtain it during our late 
 cruise, and because Mr. Clark had no recollection whatever concern- 
 ing its actual capture — and (I may further add) because I myself 
 inspected examples (which did not seem, prima facie, to differ from 
 the supposed S. Vicente ones) which he collected during the pre- 
 vious June in Algeria. Hence it appears to me to be just possible 
 that Mr. Clark may perhaps have mixed-up accidentally a few of 
 his Algerian specimens with those from the Cape Verdes — an ob- 
 servation which applies equally to two other species included in this 
 volume, namely the Xenoglceus politus and the Isomahis hesperidum. 
 Stni this is but conjecture on my part ; and I must state distinctly 
 that I have no reason for doubting the professed habitat of any of 
 the three insects to which I have alluded, except that our more 
 recent investigations failed to detect them, and that they all rather 
 depart from the particular types of form which are more particidarly 
 characteristic of these islands. It is quite possible, however, that, 
 so far as the T. pardalis is concerned, it may occur both in northern 
 Africa and the Cape Verde archipelago. 
 
 The T. pardalis may be known by its short, cylindric-oblong out- 
 line, abbre\'iated, flattened, triangular rostrum, and obscurely dap- 
 pled surface. The latter is dens^cly clothed with brownish-black 
 
140 BRUCHlD.i:. 
 
 and somewhat fidvo-cinereous scales — those on the prothorax being 
 ihiefly of the former hue ; whilst the elytra are principally of a dull 
 yellowish-cinereous tinge, but tessellated with darker rounded spots 
 which are placed longitudinally down the alternate interstices ; and 
 there is also a rather larger patch on the inner disk of each elytron. 
 Its antennae are short, slender, and rufo-ferruginous, with an abrupt 
 darker club. 
 
 Fam. 36. BRUCHIDiE. 
 
 Genus 108. BRUCHUS. 
 Geoffi-oj, Ins. des Env. de Paris, i. 163 (1762). 
 
 § 1. Oculi modici, profunde emarginati, in fronte parum distaates. 
 Femora postim versus apicem internum spinis duahus elongatis acu- 
 . tis armata ; tibice posticce latce, ad apicem calcari elongato robustu 
 instructce. 
 
 156. Bruchus calcaratas, n. sp. 
 
 B. niger sed squamis albidis, fulvo-cinereis nigrisque laete pictus ; 
 capite in medio argute carinato ; prothorace (subter squamis fulvo- 
 cinereis densissime et minute punctulato-rugulosis) conico, basi 
 trisinuato (in lobo medio densius fulvo-cinereo) ; scutello albido ; 
 elytris subquadratis, fulvo-cinereis sed singulis fascia magnsi media 
 intus abbreviata, necnon ad apicem et humerum obscurius nigro- 
 ornatis, in interstitio tertio (parte basali concolori, punctulisque 
 duobus uigris, exceptis) necnon in fascitx postmedia (inter maculas 
 nigras sita) albido irroratis, argute et profunde crenato-striatis ; 
 pygidio fulvo-cinereo, immaculate ; antennis robustis, serratis, ni- 
 grescentibus, basi pedibusque anterioribus fusco-testaceis, posticis 
 nigris. — Long. corp. lin. 1|. 
 
 Habitat S. Yicente ; in dome Milleriana ad Portum Grandem a Rev*^" 
 R. T. Lowe semel captus. 
 
 The single example from which the above diagnosis has been 
 compiled was taken by the Rev. R. T. Lowe, in S. Vicente — in Mr. 
 Miller's house at Porto Grande ; so that I cannot feel quite sure 
 that it may not be the exponent of a species which has become 
 naturalized in the island. At first sight it has somewhat the colo- 
 ration and aspect of the European B. marginellus, though in reality 
 it belongs to a totally different section of the genus, — having the 
 eyes larger, the elytra (which are fulvo- cinereous, but brightly ma- 
 culated with black, and interspersed with a few snowy- white scales) 
 s(^uarer, the hind femora armed beneath with two acute spines, and 
 the hind tibiae broader and furnished with a verv much more clon- 
 
BRUCHID.E. 141 
 
 gate and robust spur. Its limbs too are altogether more developed, 
 and (instead of all being black) the posterior legs and the apical por- 
 tion of the antennae are alone nigrescent — the base of the latter, and 
 the four front legs, being of a brownish-testaceous hue. 
 
 § II. Oculi maoeimi, minus profunde emarginati, valde prominentes, 
 antice in fronte approximati . Femora suhintegra (postica versus 
 apicem intei-num denticido nnnutissimo, ohsoleto,suhanguliformi,vix 
 observando, solum armata) ; tibice posticce ad apicem calcan viinufo 
 instructce. 
 
 157. Bruchus amplicomis, n. sp. 
 
 B. niger sed in elytris abdomiueque rufo- ferruginous, ubique fulvo- 
 ciuereo squamosus ; capite in medio argute carinato ; prothorace 
 (subter squamis densissime et minutissimc subpunetulato-rugu- 
 loso) conico, basi trisinuato (in lobo medio vix densius fulvo-cine- 
 reo) ; elytris angustulis, clongato-subquadratis, circa scutellum 
 (nigrum) necnon ad huineros suffuse nigrescentibus, leviter et 
 tenuiter subcrenulato-striatis ; antennis valde robustis ac profunde 
 serratis, fuscescentibus, basi pedibusque rufo-testaceis, tarsorum 
 art" ult™" (interdum 3''° 4'°que) nigrescente. 
 
 Mas paulo major, antennis pedibusque longioribus (iUis valde 
 elongatis et grosse serratis), tarsis multo longioribus. 
 
 Fcem. sensim minor, elytris brevioribus, antennis (pallidioribus ?) 
 pedibusque (prsesertim tarsis) brevioribus. — Long. corp. lin. Ig-lf. 
 
 Habitat Togo ; in intermediis rarissimus. 
 
 Two male examples of this beautiful Bruchus were taken by my- 
 self in the intermediate districts of Togo, by brushing the dry vege- 
 tation between the Monte Nucho and Pico Pires ; and a female, 
 which I have no hesitation in referring to the same species, was 
 obtained by the Rev. R. T. Lowe amongst some plants which he 
 had collected in the latter locality. Mr. Lowe's specimen was 
 found within the semi- dried fruit of a shrub which is regarded by 
 the inhabitants as a kind of plum, but which in reality docs not 
 belong to even the same natural family — being, most probably, a 
 Diosijoriis. Its greatly developed eyes and antennae (the former of 
 which are anteriorly subapproximate on the forehead, whilst the 
 latter in the male sex are extremely elongate and coarsely serrated), 
 combined with its almost simple posterior femora, wiU readily dis- 
 tinguish it. Although its entire surface is uniformly clothed with 
 fulvo- cinereous pubescence (giving it a somewhat hoary appearance), 
 the colour nevertheless (beneath the scales) of its head, prothorax, 
 and scutellum is black, whilst that of its elytra, abdomen, and legs 
 
U2 
 
 CRIOCERIU.K. 
 
 is a more or less clear rufo-ferruginous. Its elytra, however, are a 
 little darkened in the scutellary region and at the shoulders ; and its 
 feet have their apical joint conspicuously (and the third and fourth 
 ones sHghtly) blackened. 
 
 Fam. 37. CRIOCERID^. 
 
 Genus 109. LEMA* 
 Fabricius, Ent. Syst. v., Suppl. 90 (1798). 
 
 158. Leina Milleriana, n. sp. 
 
 L. nitidissima, rufo-testacea, in elytris viridi- cyanea sed rufo-testaceo 
 picta ; capite inaequali, postice saepius nigrescente et ibidem in 
 medio profunde foveolato, oculis magnis, prominentibus ; protho- 
 race antice angulatim latiore, longe ante basin transversim valde 
 constricto (quare ad latera pone medium quasi profunde excavato), 
 fere impunctato, in maculis tribus ad marginem antienm sitis (in- 
 terdum inter se suffasis), necnon in alterji basali ad angulum pos- 
 ticum utrinque positii, nigro ; scutello parvo, postice truncate, 
 rufo-testaceo; elytris (prothorace miilto latioribus) parallelis, 
 viridi-cyaneis, sed ad apicem necnon in fascia transversa media 
 rufo-testaceis, grosse substriato-punctatis, ante medium in disco 
 utrinque maUeato-inaequalibus ; antennis pedibusque elongatis, 
 testaceis, illis versus apicem interdum obscurioribus, tarsis ad 
 apicem ipsissimum nigrescentibus. 
 
 a. Elytrorum fascia media transversa Integra, i. e. usque ad margi- 
 nem lateralem utrinque ducta. [Ins. S. IngoA 
 
 /3. Elytrorum fascia media transversa extus utrinque plus minus 
 abbreviata (longe ante marginem lateralem terminata). [Ins. S. 
 Vicente.'] — Long. corp. lin. 2^-2|. 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente, et S. lago ; in intermediis editioribusque raris- 
 sima. 
 
 Species ornatissima, pulchritudine superbiens, et in honorem 
 T. Milleri, Amigeri, in Hesperidis consuhs Britannici citata. 
 
 The excessive beauty of this elegant Lema — which has the head 
 and prothorax rufo-testaceous (the former however being blackened 
 posteriorly, and the latter also in three more or less confluent ante- 
 rior patches, as well as in a lateral one on either side at the hose), 
 whilst the elytra are of a bright greenish-blue, with the apical por- 
 
 * In their basally-connate claws, and posteriorly-constricted prothoraces, the 
 two species described above belong to Lema, rather than to Crioceris ; and the 
 shape of their scutella (which are minittc, and somewhat truncated at the apex, 
 instead of being rounded or produced) is likewise more in accordance with the 
 members of the former group, than with those of the latter. 
 
CRIOCERIDvE. 143 
 
 tion and a central transverse fascia rufo- testaceous — will readily 
 distinguish it. Its entire surface is very highly polished ; its pro- 
 thorax (which is impunctate) is comparatively wide in front, where 
 it is anguliform on either side, but greatly constricted at a consider- 
 able distance fi-om the base — a structure which causes the lateral 
 edges to appear deeply scooped-out a little behind the middle ; and 
 its legs are testaceous. 
 
 The L. Millerlana is apparently extremely scarce, occurring at 
 intermediate and lofty altitudes; With the exception of a single 
 example, which has lately been communicated from S. Vicente by 
 Mr. Miller (after whom I have named the species), the few spe- 
 cimens which I have seen were taken by myself — partly by shaking 
 some heaps of dead vegetable refuse (composed mainly of the stalks 
 of Indian corn) on the summit of Monte Verde in S. Vicente, and 
 partly at San Domiugos in the interior of S. lago. The examples 
 from the latter locality were all captured, in company with the 
 As2ndomorpha cincta, beneath the dry loosened bark of a large native 
 Ficus (either identical with or allied to the F. sycamorus) ; but as I 
 found them during January, it is probable that they were merely 
 hybernating, and are not necessarily connected with that particular 
 kind of tree. In the S. lago individuals the medial fascia is con- 
 tinued quite across both elytra, so as to reach the outer margin of 
 each ; whereas in those from S. Vicente it is much abbreviated (ex- 
 ternally) on either side ; but there is no ether difference, that I can 
 detect, between them. 
 
 159. Lema Clarkiana, n. sp. 
 
 L. nitida, infra nigra, supra luride flavo-testacea ; capite insequali, 
 pieescente, oculis vix permagnis sed valde prominentibus et sub- 
 conicis ; prothorace angusto, antice (vix subangulatim) rotundato, 
 ante basin transversim constricto (quare ad latera pone medium 
 quasi excavato), nitidissimo sed punetis perpaucis (sat magnis sed 
 levibus) praBsertim in disco et versus latera irrorato ; scuteUo 
 parvo, postice truncato et subcanaliculato, nigrescente ; elytris 
 (prothorace multo latioribus) paraUelis, per sutui'am nigro- 
 picescentibus necnon pone scuteUum saepius obsoletissime ob- 
 scuratis, grosse substriato-punctatis ; antennis nigrescentibus, ad 
 basin piceo-ferrugineis ; pedibus testaceis, tarsis ad apicem nigres- 
 centibus. — Long. corp. lin. circa 2. 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; inter quisquilias aridas una cum specie praece- 
 dente parce deprehensa. 
 
 The remarkable prima facie resemblance which this Lema bears 
 
144 CRiocEiui).*:. 
 
 to the Orioceris lurixlotcstacea will shortly be alluded to, — the lurid, 
 yeUowish-testaceous colour of the two insects, combined with their 
 more or less darkened antennae, head, and suture, causing them at fii'st 
 sight to appear almost similar. Yet I believe, nevertheless, that in 
 reality they do not belong to even the same genus — the minuter 
 and posteriorly truncated scutellum of the present species, added to 
 its slenderer Hmbs, differently-shaped prothorax, and basaUy-soldered 
 claws, showing it, at all events, to be a true and genuine Lema. 
 Apart from these characters, however, a careful inspection will 
 prove that, in other respects likewise, it is abundantly distinct, — 
 being not only a little smaller and more shining than the Orioceris 
 hiridotestacea, with its head more glabrous and, together with the 
 subconical eyes (which are extremely prominent), less developed, but 
 with its prothorax (which is altogether narrower) more rounded an- 
 teriorly, though with the extreme front angles more thickened, and 
 with its elytra immaculate — the suture only being darkened. 
 
 I obtained a few examples of the L. Clarliana on the top of 
 Monte Verde, in S. Vicente, by shaking the di'y vegetable refuse out 
 of which I obtained the preceding species and the Crioceris lurido- 
 testacea ; and a single one was met with by Mr. Gray, in the same 
 locality, by beating the herbage about semicultivated spots. I am 
 glad to dedicate it to the memory of my late friend the Rev. Hamlet 
 Clark, whose researches have thrown so much light on the Phyto- 
 phagous group of the Coleoptera. 
 
 Genus 110. CRIOCERIS. 
 Geofiroy, Ins. ties Env. de Paris, I 237 (1762). 
 
 160, Crioceris luridotestacea, n. sp. 
 
 C. subnitida, infra nigra, supra luride flavo-testacea sed in elytris 
 parce nigro picta ; capite lato, insequali, parce fulvo pubescente, 
 postice nigrescente et in medio frontis argute canaliculato, oculis 
 magnis et valde prominentibus ; prothorace breviter subcylin- 
 drico, ad latera paululum rotundato et mox ante basin transver- 
 sim constricto, subopaco, levissime et obsolete subpunctato-rugu- 
 loso, concolori ; scutello majusculo, postice subrotundato, nigres- 
 cente; elytris (prothorace multo latioribus) parallelis, per suturam 
 (sed vix ad apicem), necnon in maculis duabus parvis (sc. ad 
 humerum et in medio ante apicem sitis) nigro ornatis, grosse 
 substriato-punctatis ; antennis pedibusque crassis, illis nigres- 
 centibus, his testaceis, tarsis latiusculis, ad apicem nigrescentibus. 
 — Long, corp, lin. 2^. 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; cum speciebus Lemcr praecedentibus semel lecta. 
 
GALLERUCID.^E. 145 
 
 The single example described above was captured by myself, at a 
 high, elevation, in S. Vicente — by shaking the weeds and stalks 
 which had been cleared off from cultivated spots, and accumulated 
 into heaps, on the summit of Monte Verde ; and a second has lately 
 been commiuiicated from the same locahty by the English Consul, 
 Mr. Miller. I feel almost sure that its claws are not soldered 
 together at their base ; but, apart from this, its other external 
 features — including its thickened limbs, its more cylindrical pro- 
 thorax, and its rather larger and posteriorly more rounded scutel- 
 lum — are so much more in accordance vsdth Crioceris than with 
 Lema that I have but little hesitation in referring it to the former 
 of those groups. 
 
 In general colouring and aspect the C. luridotestacea has a curious 
 resemblance, at first sight, to the Lema ClarJciana ; but, in addition 
 to the structural features above alluded to, it may be known from 
 the latter by being a little larger and broader, by its head being 
 wider and more sericeous, with the eyes less conical and consider- 
 ably more developed, by its (rufo-testaceous) prothorax being less 
 polished, and by its (lurid-yellow) elytra being not only more regularly 
 darkened along the suture, but having likewise a small patch at 
 either shoulder, as well as a suhapical one in the centre of each 
 elytron, black. 
 
 Fam. 38. GALLERUCID^. 
 
 Genus 111. CALOMICRUS. 
 
 Stephens, ///. Brit Ent. iv. 2!t:^, ( 18:]1 ). 
 
 161. Calomicrus taeniatus, n. sp. 
 
 C. nitidus ; capite nigrescente, in fronte binodoso (nodis scapes an- 
 tennales simulautibus) et inter nodos profunde foveolato-sulcato ; 
 ocuHs magnis ; prothorace rufo-testaceo sed in disco antieo ssepius 
 paulo obscurato, parce punctulato, subquadrato, angulis anticis 
 incrassatis, posticis obtusis sed paululum incrassatis, basi leviter 
 rotundato ; coleopteiis (prothorace multo latioribus) testaceis, sed 
 in limbo Hneaque lata magna longitudinali discali utrinque nigro 
 ornatis, paulo profundius subrugulose punctatis, apice singulatim 
 rotundatis et pygidio nigrescente brevioribus ; antennis pecHbusque 
 elongatis, gracilibus, illarum art'^ 1°, 2", 3° necnon 9° et 10° plus 
 minus piceo-testaceis, 4°, 5°, 6°, 7°, 8° et 11° nigrescentibus, his 
 testaceis, femoribus ad apicem, tibiis ad basin, tarsisque plus 
 minus infuscatis. 
 
 Subtus (capite, limbo, et apice, obscurioribus, exceptis) testaceus, 
 abdomine pubescente.— Long. corp. lin. 1|-2|. 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente, S. lago, et Brava ; inter qnisquilias aridas in 
 
14G HALTICID^. 
 
 herbidis, iieciion etiam sub cortice laxo, tempore hyemali, prse- 
 cipue in editioribus captus. 
 
 This beautifiiUy-striped Calomicrvs is widely spread over the 
 Group, occurring at intermediate and lofty elevations. It was taken 
 in tolerable abundance by myself and Mr. Gray, on the top of 
 Monte Verde, in S. Vicente (in which island it was also captured by 
 Mr. Miller) — by shaking the heaps of dry vegetable refuse, com- 
 posed of the stalks of Indian Corn and other plants, which had been 
 cleared oflF from cultivated spots ; and I subsequently met with it at 
 San Domiugos and S** Cathariua in the interior of S. lago, as well 
 as near the Povoagao in Brava. We may expect it, therefore, to be 
 almost universal throughout the archipelago. It may be readily 
 known by its testaceous hue — the head however being darkened, 
 and the elytra having their margin, and a broad longitudinal band 
 doAvn the disk of each, black. The limbs are elongate and slender ; 
 and the antennae are remarkable from having their first three joints 
 and the 7iinth and tenth more or less piceo- testaceous, whilst the 
 remainder (which include the ultimate one) are darkened. 
 
 Fam. 39. HALTICID^. 
 
 Genus 112. HALTICA. 
 Geoffroy, Ins. des Env. cle Paris, i. 244 [script. Altica] (1762). 
 
 (Subgenus Phyllotreta, Chev.) 
 
 § I. Antcnnarum art. 3''"" secundi circa longitudine {aut vix suhlongior). 
 Scutelhnn minutum. Eli/tra ad humeros suhrotundata. 
 
 162. Haltica Dohrniana, n. sp. 
 
 H. senea, vix subvirescente tincta, nitida ; capite coriaceo (sed vix 
 pimctato) ; prothorace (subtiUssime transversim striguloso) ely- 
 trisque densissime et distincte punctulatis, illo ad latera distincte, 
 ad basin tenuissime marginato, angTdis anticis paululum incrassa- 
 tis, his pygidio paulo brevioribus ; antennis elongatis, gracilibus, 
 fuscis, ante basin paulo magis testaceis, arfult" suboblongo; femori- 
 bus picescentibus, tibiis tarsisque plus minus saturate piceo-testa 
 ceis. — Long. corp. lin. vix 1\. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et S. Vicente; in editioribus rarior. 
 
 Ohs. — H. nodicornem, Europseam, primii facie simulans, sed 
 paulo minor, nitidior, minus nigro-senea (sc. evidentius subvires- 
 cente tincta), ac sensim subtilius punctulata, elytris minus paral- 
 lelis (ad humeros magis rotundatis) et subconvexioribus, antennis 
 
HALTICID.'E. 147 
 
 (in utroque sexii, nisi fallor, similibus) sublongioribus, multo gra- 
 cilioribiis et pallidioribus (sc, fuscis, vel brunneis, basi clilutioribus), 
 necnon pedibus, praesertim in tibiis tarsisque, pallidioribus. 
 
 Two examples only of this Haltica have, as yet, come beneath my 
 notice. One of them was taken by Dr. H. Dohrn (after whom I have 
 named the species) in the Ribeira de Garga, towards the north of S. 
 Antao, and the other by Mr. Gray on the top of Monte Yerde in S. 
 Vicente. It is rather larger and. more brassy than either of the fol- 
 lowing species ; its forehead is subopake and coriaceous, but hardly 
 punctured ; its antennae are longer and paler — being brownish (ex- 
 cept before the base, where they are testaceous), and with their ulte- 
 rior joints comparatively elongate (a structure which is very evident 
 as regards the terminal one) ; and its tibiae and tarsi are dull-testa- 
 ceous. 
 
 The H. Dohrnkma is somewhat allied to the Eiu'opean H. nodicor- 
 nis ; but, unless I am much mistaken, its antennae are similar in both 
 sexes. Apart from this, however, it is a trifle smaller, less deeply 
 punctured, and more shining, than that insect ; and, instead of being 
 entirely of a dark-aeneous hue, it has an additional (though very ob- 
 solete) subvirescent tinge ; its elytra are somewhat shorter, convexer, 
 and less parallel (being more rounded at the shoulders) ; and its an- 
 tennae are longer, as weU as very much slenderer, and, together with 
 the tibiae and feet, paler. 
 
 163. Haltica laeviceps, n. sp. 
 
 H. nigro-aenea et conspicue virescente tincta, nitidiuscula ; capite ni- 
 tido, fere impunctato ; prothorace elytrisque alutaceis, densissime 
 et minute punctulatis, illo postice latiuseulo, ad latera distincte, ad 
 basin tenuissime mavginato, anguhs anticis paululum iucrassatis ; 
 antennis gracilibus, nigrescentibus, fere concoloribus (ante basin 
 obsolete dilutioribus), art" ult" subovali ; femoribus nigrescentibus, 
 tibiis tarsisque paulo dilutioribus, his ad basin satui'ate subtestaceis. 
 — Long. Corp. lin. vix 1. 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; ad plantas Shiapis nignp, nisi faUor, capta. 
 
 Three examples of this little Phyllotreta were taken by myself 
 (I believe off Sinapis nigra) at San Domingos, in S. lago. Its 
 rather finer punctation and more evidently greenish-brassy lustre, 
 combined with its brighter and almost unsculptured head, wHl sufii- 
 ciently distinguish it from the other two species here enumerated. 
 It has much in common at first sight with the European H. ^nelcena, 
 biit is a little more metallic and finely punctulated, with its forehead 
 
 l2 
 
148 HALTICID.T.. 
 
 brii?htcr and unsculptured, -with its prothorax a trifle longer and more 
 conical (or widened posteriorly), its elytra somewhat more rounded- 
 off at the shoulders, and with the subbasal joints of its antennae, as 
 well as its tibiae and feet (the last of which have their third joint 
 less broadly expanded), a little more diluted in hue, or less blackened*. 
 
 § II. Antennarum art. 3'"" secnndo subbrevior. ScuteUum paulo 
 major, semicirculare. Elytra ad hitmeros rectiora. 
 
 164. Haltica subatra, n. sp. 
 
 H. atra, vix submetallico tincta, nitidiuscnla ; capite coriaceo et dis- 
 tincte punctulato ; prothorace elytrisque dense et parum profunde 
 puuetulatis, illo ad latera (si;b?equaKter rotundata) distincte, ad 
 basin (saltern in medio) baud marginato, sed ante basin in medio 
 obsolete transversim impresso, angulis anticis subito et conspicue 
 incrassatis, his oblongis (ad humeros paulo reetioribus, aut minus 
 rotundatis) ; antennis subgracilibus, nigrescentibus, fere concolo- 
 ribus (ante basin obsolete dilutioribus), art" \x\t° subovato ; pedibus 
 nigrescentibus, tarsis (praesertim ad basin) paulo dilutioribus. — 
 Long. Corp. lin. vix 1. 
 
 Hahitat S. lago ; in foliis Sinapis nigrce deprehensa. 
 
 Taken by myself, oiF plants of Sinapis nigra, at San Domingos, 
 in the interior of S. lago — in company (I believe) with the last spe- 
 cies. It may readily be known by its intensely black hue (which is 
 almost free from even the faintest trace of a submetallic lustre), more 
 deeply pimctured surface (even the head being distinctly punctulated), 
 rather larger seutellum, straif/Jiter elytra (which are a little less 
 rounded-off, or more rectangular, at the shoulders), and by the third 
 joint of its antennae being, if anything, a trifle shorter than the second. 
 Its prothorax also (which is somewhat more equaJly rounded at the 
 sides) has the anterior angles more abruptly thickened, and is un- 
 margined in the centre behind — though with an obsolete transverse 
 impression just in front of the base. 
 
 The present Haltica may be regarded as the representative in these 
 islands of the common European H. atra, though I do not think that it 
 can be looked upon as any geographical modification of that species — 
 being not only smaller and altogether less deeply sculptured, but with 
 its prothorax (which is narrower and less developed) provided with 
 an obsolete transverse impression at the base, instead of with a curved 
 
 * Froir the common European H. nigripes, the IcBviceps differs {inter alia) in its 
 smaller size, slenderer limbs, highly-polished, unsculptured forehead, and less 
 laterally rounded prothorax. 
 
HALTICID^. 149 
 
 one towards either hinder angle, with its elytral punctures without 
 any (or scarcely any) tendency to be arranged in longitudinal rows, 
 and with the subbasal joints of its antennae much less evidently pale. 
 
 (Subgenus Aphthona, Chev.) 
 
 165. Haltica laevissima, n. sp. 
 
 H. bre\dter ovata, atra (obsoletissime, vix perspicue, subpiceo tincta ), 
 nitidissima ; capite prothoraceque fere impunctatis (hoc, oculo for- 
 tissimo armato, punctulis minutissimis irrorato), hoc ad latera (ro- 
 tundata) distincte, ad basin tenuissime marginato, angulis anticis 
 conspicue subito incrassatis ; seutello majusculo, semicirculari ; 
 elytris obsoletissime, minute et levissime seriatim punctulatis ; an - 
 tennis pedibusque gracilibiis, testaceis, illis versus apicem femori- 
 busque posticis picescentibus. — Long. corp. Hn. |-vix 1. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, S. Nicolao, S. lago, Fogo, et Brava ; 
 praesertim inter Euphorbias degens. 
 
 Ohs. — Species H. euphorhice, Europsea, minor, brevier, ac multo 
 magis atra, elytris midto levius sculp tiu'atis — punctulis sc. minu- 
 tissimis, levissimis sed (oculo fortiter armato) in seriebus longitu- 
 diualibus evidenter dispositis (nee confusis), necuon antennis pedi- 
 busque gracilioribus, pallidioribus. 
 
 A small and dark Aphthona which appears to be universal through- 
 out the Cape Yerde group, having been obtained in all the islands 
 which have yet been explored. Although found on various plants, 
 it is more particularly attached to the Euphorbia TuJceyana ; 
 and we may expect, therefore, to meet with it wherever the latter 
 still remains. It was first captured by Mr. Gray, in February 1864, 
 in S. Nicolao ; and, during our late expedition, it was taken both by 
 him and myself, independently of altitude, in S. Antao, S. Vicente, 
 S. lago, Fogo, and Brava, It seems to occupy the place in this 
 archipelago of the Canarian H. Paivana. 
 
 The H. laevissima may be known by its small size, short, ovate 
 outline, almost unpunctured, highly-polished surface, and by the dark 
 hue of its head, prothorax, and elytra- — its limbs (except the infus- 
 cated apex of the antennae, and the two hinder femora) being pale. 
 Although its colour is black, there is likewise a just appreciable 
 piceous, though hardly metallic, tinge ; and the punctation of its pro- 
 thorax is so minute as to be quite inappreciable except under n very 
 high magnifying-power, whilst that of even its elytra is extremelyMght 
 and fine — -though, at the same time, disposed (as will be seen, wlien 
 closely inspected) in longitudinal lines. 
 
150 
 
 HALTICID^. 
 
 166. Haltica signatifrons, n. sp. 
 
 H. oblongo-ovata, pallida, niticla ; capite prothoraceque fere impunc- 
 tatis, illo rufo-tcstaceo, inter oeulos linea transversa arciiata (cari- 
 nulam simnlante) notato, hoc testaceo ; scutello majvisculo, semi- 
 circulari, picco-testaceo ; elytris saturate pallido-testaceis, minu- 
 tissime alutaceis ac loevissime confuse punctatis ; antennis (brevius- 
 culis, gracilibus) pedibusque pallido-testaceis, illis versus apicem 
 feraoribusque posticis picescentibus. — Long. corp. lin. 1|. 
 
 Habitat S, Antao, et S. lago ; in inferioribus intermediisque, rarior. 
 
 The present Aphtlwna is very much larger than the preceding one, 
 and (instead of being black) is pallid. Its head (which is marked 
 with a coarse semicircular line, having at first sight more the appear- 
 ance of a keel, between the eyes) is reddish-testaceous, its prothorax 
 (which is likewise unsculptured) is testaceous, and its elytra (which 
 are very lightly and confusedly, though thickly, punctured) are a 
 shade paler still. The two hinder femora, however, are piceous ; and 
 the antennae are a little infuscated towards their apex. Judging 
 from a type now before me, it seems very close to the Jlavicejjs, Al- 
 lard, from the south of France ; nevertheless the prothorax is almost, 
 if not entirely, impunctate (even when viewed beneath the micro- 
 scope), the punctures of its elytra are more dense, and its arcuated 
 frontal line is much coarser and more defined. 
 
 The H. signatifrons is apparently scarce, though widely spread over 
 the archipelago — where it occurs independently of elevation. It was 
 beaten off Artemisia gorgonum by Mr. Gray, in the Ribeira Fria, 
 in S. Antao ; and we likewise took it near the Villa da Praia in S. 
 lago, in the interior of which island I subsequently met with a single 
 specimen (in the Orgaos ravine). 
 
 Genus 113. LONGITARSUS. 
 
 LatreiUe, Fam. Nat. 40o [script. Lmujitarse] (1825j. 
 
 167. Longitarsus stenocyphon, n. sp. 
 
 L. elongato-ovatus, subnitidus ; capite (labro nigrescente excepto) 
 rufo- testaceo, impunctato ; prothorace brevi, testaceo, fere impune- 
 tato (oculo fortissimo armato, minutissime parce jmnctulato), pos- 
 tice rotundato scd angiilis posticis paululum incrassatis, ad latera 
 in medio subangulato ; scutello piceo-testaceo ; coleopteris infus- 
 cate pallido-testaceis, per suturam in medio, necnon in macula 
 media discali utrinque posittl, nigrescentibus, distincte sed confuse 
 punctatis, profunde striatis (sed striis internis antice subevanes- 
 centibus) ; antennis pedibusque elongatis, illis nigrescentibus, ar- 
 
HALTICID.K. 151 
 
 ticulis 3 basalibus pedibusque testaceis, femoribus posticis versus 
 apicem picescentibus. — Long. corp. lin, 1-g— 1|-. 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; ad plantas Echii stenocuplionis, Webb, in editiori- 
 bus hinc inde vulgaris. 
 
 I am extremely doubtful whether this Longitarsus should be re- 
 garded as more than a geographical state of the Canarian L.persimilis, 
 with which it seems to agree in nearly everything except colour ; 
 whUst even as regards that, the .two insects are alike in their testa- 
 ceous prothorax, and the black patch with which the disk of each of 
 their (stUl paler, though more or less obfuscated) elytra is marked. 
 In the Cape Yerde species, however, the head is less darkened (as also 
 a trifle less roughened transversely) ; and the elytra not only want 
 the black humeral blotch which distinguishes the pershnilis, but their 
 suture also (instead of being blackened throughout almost its entire 
 length) is dark from merely a little before to somewhat behind the 
 middle. Its two posterior femora, likewise, are less obscured. 
 
 The L. stenocyphon has been captured hitherto only in the higher 
 districts of S. Vicente, where it was met with by Mr. Gray and my- 
 self on the ascent (as well as on the summit) of Monte Verde. It was 
 only on the Echium stenocyphon, Webb, that it was to be obtained ; 
 so that we may expect it to occur in most places where that plant is 
 found. Its near Canarian ally, the L. persimilis, frequents, in like 
 manner, the Ecliia of that archipelago. 
 
 168. Longitarsus laxicomis, n. sp. 
 
 L. prsecedenti affinis, sed vix ejus varietas iusularis ; diiFert prsecipue 
 corpore subangustiore, colore omnino obscuriore (minus testaceo), 
 antennis paulo longioribus(ai'ticulis iutermediis sensim magis elon- 
 gatis ac paululum magis liuearibus), prothorace vix minus trans- 
 verso, densius evidentiusque punctulato necnon minute ruguloso, 
 elytris subconvexioribus, angustioribus, ad humeros et latera paulo 
 magis rotundatis, minus evidenter striatis ac multo obsoletius 
 maculatis (sc. per suturam necnon in nebula media discali suffusa 
 utrinque sita indistincte infuscatis), pygidio paUidiore, rufo-ferru- 
 gineo (nee piceo), sed femoribus posticis obscurioribus. — Long, 
 corp. lin. 1|. 
 
 Habitat S. Nicolao ; a Dom. Gray semel tantum deprehensus. 
 
 Having but a single example, from which to judge, of this Longitar- 
 sus (which was captured by Mr. Gray, during February 1864, in S. 
 Nicolao), I at first suspected that it might possibly be but an insular 
 variety of the last one ; nevertheless a closer examination has 
 
152 HALTICID.*:. 
 
 brought 80 many small distinctions to light that I cannot feel sure 
 that it belongs to even the same exact group, of ft/i/wwi-infesting 
 species. Not to mention its darker (or more 6rowm's7t- testaceous) 
 hue, it is altogether narrower than the L. stenocyphon, and its elytra 
 are less parallel (or more attenuated both before and behind)— being 
 appreciably rounder both at the shoulders and sides. Moreover the 
 black patch with which the L. stenocypJion is so conspicuously 
 adorned on the disk of each of its elytra is here so faintly indicated 
 by a suffused dusky cloud that I am a little doubtful whether the 
 species can strictly be defined as " maculated " at all — though I am 
 inclined to suspect that more highly coloured individuals would have 
 a portion of the suture, and a central dash on either side, darkened. 
 In other respects, its elytra are less deeply striated than is the case 
 in the stenocyplion ; its prothorax is less transverse, more thickly and 
 evidently punctulated, and mhmtely rugulose ; its pygidium is rufo- 
 ferrugiuous, instead of piceous ; its two posterior femora are more 
 infuscated ; and its antennae are a little longer — their intermediate 
 joints being not only somewhat more lengthened, but also (particu- 
 larly the subapical ones) narrower and more filiform. 
 
 Genus 114. ARGOSOMUS (nov. gen.). 
 
 Corpus fere ut in Sphceroderma (i. e. hemisphaericum, vel rotundato- 
 ovale) sed minor, capiteprothoraceque angustioribus, oc^ilis antennis- 
 que magis approximatis,coZeo2:><(?r/s ad basin prothorace latioribus ac 
 profunde sinuatis, adhumeros obtuse rotundatis, antennis pedibus- 
 que gracilioribus, illarum articulis brevioribus, tibiis gracihbus, 
 linearibus, rectis, inarmatis, tarsis gracilibus(uec ad basin dilatatis). 
 Ab apyos, velox, et ffwyua, corpus. 
 
 I have ventured to propose a separate genus for the insect de- 
 scribed below, since it certainly cannot be referred to Sphcvroderma 
 (which seems to me to be its most nearly allied form), and it recedes 
 still further from Argopus (with which, also, it has something in com- 
 mon). In its subhemispherical body, finely but sharply punctulated 
 surface, and rufo-castaneous hue it partially resembles Sphcero- 
 derma ; but the species before me is smaller, and perhaps a little 
 less convex, than the members of that group, its antennae (which 
 are shorter and slenderer) are more approximated at their insertion, 
 and its elytra are wider anteriorly — being conspicuously broader at 
 their base tlian the prothorax, a good deal sinuated, and with the 
 shoulders obtusely rounded (a structure which gives the insect some- 
 what the outline of an Epilachna). Its legs, moreover, are much 
 
HALTICID.E. 153 
 
 slenderer than those of Sphceroderma — the tibiae especially being 
 narrower, more linear, and less develoi^ed, and the tarsi (which are 
 a little longer) tuidilated at their base. 
 
 169. Argosomus epilachnoides, n. sp. 
 
 A. rotundato-ovalis, convexus, nitidus, rufo-castanens, antennis ad 
 basin pedibusque testaceis ; capite impunctato ; prothorace sat 
 minute et parce punctulato, postice latiore, ad latera marginato ac 
 leviter oblique rotuudato, angulis anticis paululum incrassatis, 
 postice in medio obsolete longitudinaliter foveolato ; scutello dis- 
 tincto, subtriangulari ; coleopteris prothorace latioribus, basi sinua- 
 tis, ad humeros obtuse rotundatis, ad latera rotundata distincte 
 margiuatis, evidentius sed parce punctulatis (punctulis inter se 
 subconfusis, aut obsoletissime sixbseriatim dispositis), intra hume- 
 ros subcaUoso-inaequalibus ; antennis breviuscuKs, versus apicem 
 nigrescentibus, basi pedibusque saturate testaceis. — Long. corp. 
 lin. vix 1|. 
 
 Habitat Brava ; in intermediis (juxta oppiduJum Povoagao) semel 
 captus. 
 
 Apart from the structural features above alluded to, the rounded- 
 oval outline, convex body, reddish-chestnut hue, and shining, rather 
 distantly (but sharply) pimctulated surface of this insect, which has 
 the apical half of its antennae almost black, while the basal portion 
 and the legs are testaceous (with here and there a slightly obscurer, 
 or picescent, tinge), wiU sufficiently distinguish it. My single 
 example I took, at a tolerably high elevation, in Brava — amongst 
 dry vegetable detritus, in a Banana-ground, at the foot of the more 
 or less perpendicular mountains close to the Povoacao. 
 
 170. Argosomus obscuripennis, n. sp. 
 
 A. prsecedenti simHis, sed paulo major, etiam subconvexior et omniuo 
 obscurior (sc. in capite prothoraceque rufo-piceus sed in elytris 
 fere niger), nitidissimus, prothoi'ace sublatiore, in medio integro 
 (nee postice longitudinaliter foveolato), sed (an semper ?) fovea 
 rotundatti media inter discum et latera utrinque impresso, elytro- 
 rum punctis subremotioribus ac paululum evidentiiis subseriatim 
 dispositis. — Long. corp. lin.lg. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao ; a cl. H. Dohrn, M.D., semel repertus. 
 
 As in the case of the last species, I have but a solitary example of 
 this Argosomus from which to form an opinion ; nevertheless I think 
 it possesses too many peculiarities of its own to warrant the susj)!- 
 cion that it is any mere insular state of the former. Thus (judging 
 from this single individual) the A. ohsiuripennis^ would seem to be 
 
156 COCCIXELLID^. 
 
 basi fere ad suturam, mox pone ajjicem, ducta) paulo latiore, ni- 
 gro ornatis ; antennis brevissimis, testaceo-pieeis ; pedibus testa- 
 ceis. 
 Variat elytris ad basin ipsam (juxta scutellum) obscure albido tinc- 
 tis, in limbo concoloribiis (nee angustissime nigris), et liiiea arena ta 
 discali nsque ad snturam ij^sam (mox pone ajjicem) ducta. — Long, 
 corp. lin. 2-2^. 
 
 Cbeilomenes vicina, Dej., Cat. 459 (1837). 
 
 circumflexa, {Klug) Id., ibid. (1837). 
 
 Cydonia vicina, Mnls., Securip. 440 (1851). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et S. Vicente ; in intermediis editioribusque, hinc 
 inde sat vulgaris, prsesertim floribus foliisque Cassice hicapsularis 
 gaudens. 
 
 Judging from tbe published description, I have no doubt whatever 
 that this beautifully-striped Cydonia is the C. vicina of Mulsant's 
 monograph — a species which is recorded from Egypt, Nubia, Senegal, 
 and Guinea, and which would appear therefore to have much the 
 same geographical range as the Exochromus ni^ripennis, described 
 below. It is not uncommon in the intermediate and rather lofty 
 districts of S. Antao and S. Vicente, but it has not yet been observed 
 elsewhere tlu'oughout the archipelago. In the former of those islands 
 it was taken by Mr. Gray and myself in the Eibeira Fria, and towards 
 the head of the Eibeira das Patas ; and in the latter at Madeii-alzinho, 
 and on the summit of Monte Verde. It was found more especially 
 by Mr. Gray ; and although he brushed it off various plants (such 
 as the Artemisia gorgonum &c.), it was the shrubs of the Cassia 
 hicapsularis that he obtained tbe greater number. From S. Vicente 
 it has, also, been communicated by Mr. Miller and the Barao do 
 Castello de Paiva. 
 
 There is little fear of confounding the C. vicina with anything else 
 enumerated in this volume, — its whitish-yellow head and prothoi'ax 
 (the latter of which is ornamented with a large, broad, and somewhat 
 oitriangular black patch immediately behind its anterior excavation, 
 connected by a short peduncle with a wide band which covers the 
 entire base), its dark scutellimi, and its orange- coloured, rounded 
 elytra (which have their suture, an arcuate stripe down the middle 
 of each, parallel to the outer margin, and nsiialhj also the extreme 
 outer edge itself, black) being more than enough to distinguish it. 
 
 Genus 117. EXOCHROMUS. 
 
 Redtenbacher, Tentnm. 11 (1H44). 
 
COCCIXELLID^'E. 157 
 
 173. Exochromus nigripeiuiis. 
 
 E. subhemisphaericus, nitidus, (nisi oculo fortissime armato) quasi 
 impunctatus ; capite prothoraceque laete sanguiiieo-testaceis ; scu- 
 tello et coleopteris (basi emai'ginatis et ibidem prothorace latiori- 
 bus) uigTis ; epistomate aiitice leviter emarginato, utrinque in genas 
 rotundatas facile mergente ; antennis pedibusque rufo-testaceis. — 
 Long. Corp. lin. l|-vix 2. 
 
 Coccinella melanoptera, Heyclen, in litt. 
 
 Chilocorus nigripeunis, Erich., in Wiegm. Archiv, ix. 267 (1843). 
 
 Exocliromus nigripennis, yiuls.,' Securip. 481 (1851). 
 
 Habitat S. lago, et Fogo ; in aprieis inferioribus intermediisque, ad 
 plantas, rarissimus. 
 
 The bright, immaculate, reddish-testaceous head and prothorax, 
 and totally black elytra, of this beautiful Exocliromus, combined with 
 its rounded outline and almost unpunctulated surface, will abundantly 
 distinguish it. It is apparently extremely scarce — occurring, on 
 various plants, in sunny spots of low and intermediate altitudes. It 
 was beaten by Mr. Gray off the blossoms of CaUotrupis procera 
 near the Villa da Praia in 8. lago, and by myself (from amongst the 
 herbage) at the Monte Nucho in Fogo. It is probable however that 
 at a different season of the year it would be more general throughout 
 the Group, inasmuch as it seems to be a species of a wide African 
 range — having been recorded in Egypt, Xubia, and Senegal. Indeed 
 I myself possess an Egyptian example, taken by the late Mr. Melly *. 
 
 Genus 118. COCCINELLA. 
 Linnteus, Syst. Nat. edit. i. [script. Coccionella'] (1735). 
 
 174. Coccinella 7-punctata. 
 
 Coccinella 7-punctata, Linn., Fna Suec. All (1761). 
 
 -, WolL, Ins. 3fad. 462 (1854). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 136 (1857). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 422 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 378 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, Fogo, et Brava ; passim. 
 
 * The E. nigripennis was first described by Ericlison in his Paper on (sup- 
 posed) " Angolan " Coleoptei'a ; and it is consequently recorded by Midsant as 
 occiu-ring in Angola. But since a large number of the species enumerated in 
 Erichson's memoir were in reality from the Cape Verdes (the collector, sent 
 from Berlin, having touched at those islands on his outward route, whilst liis 
 material from the two regions was afterwards mixed up indiscriminately), and 
 since the insect appears to range across the African continent at a higher lati- 
 tude than Angola, I think that further evidence should be required ere we admit 
 for it a habitat so far to the south. 
 
158 COCCINELLID/i:. 
 
 The common C. 'i -punctata , which possesses such a wide geogra- 
 phical range, and which is universal in the Madeiran and Canarian 
 (7rou])s, will probably be found to be equally universal in the Cape 
 Verde archipelago. Hitherto however it has been noticed in only 
 four of the islands — having been obtained by Mr. Gray and myself 
 in S. Antao and S. Vicente, by myself in the lower districts of Fogo, 
 and by Mr. Gray in Brava. It is not generally very abundant ; bxit 
 we saw more indications of it in S. Vicente than elsewhere, it being 
 in comparative profusion on the summit of Monte Verde ; and it has 
 also been communicated from thence by the English Consul, Mr. 
 Miller. It seems quite independent of elevation ; for in S. Vicente 
 I observed the remains of it in arid spots near the sea, and in Fogo 
 beneath the succulent plants of ZygophyUum which trail over the hot 
 sandy slopes at the base of the basaltic cliffs close to the Porto da Luz. 
 
 A single specimen was captured by the Rev. R, T. Lowe at a very 
 lofty altitude in Fogo (namely on the elevated scoriaceous region, 
 known as the Chao da Relva, adjoining the volcanic cone) which is a 
 little smaller and narrower than the ordinary type, and has its elytral 
 punctules still less distinct (indeed almost obsolete) ; but I cannot 
 detect any character about it of sufficient importance to lead me to 
 suppose that it represents more than a shght variety, or state, pecu- 
 liar to those upland tracts. 
 
 175. Coccinella artemisise, n. sp. 
 
 C. ovalis, albido-flava (aut straminea) ; capite prothoraceque nitidis- 
 simis, subdiaphanis, (nisi oculo fortissime armato) fere impuncta- 
 tis, hoc brevi, ad latera subsequaliter rotundato,reeurvo-exi)lanato 
 et (una cum margine antico) pellucido, utrinque malleato-ingequali, 
 in disco postico obsolete fulvescente (iuterdum fere trinebuloso) ; 
 scutello minutissimo ; coleopteris prothorace latioribus, paulo minus 
 nitidis, et multo evidentius sat profunde punctulatis, per suturam 
 obsolete fulvescentibus, et utrinque in maculis Sparvis (sc. 2 mox 
 pone basin, 3 in medio, 2 longe pone medium, et 1 ante apieem, 
 sitis) nigro ornatis ; antennis pedibusque flavo-testaceis. 
 
 Variat maculis plus minus incrassatis, necnon elytris singulis pone 
 medium interdum tribus (nee duabus solum) ornatis. — Long. corp. 
 lin. 1^-1|. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. lago, Fogo, et Brava ; prsecipue ad arbusculas 
 Artemisia} gorgonum, Webb. 
 
 The pale, whitish-yellow (or straw-coloured) hue of this small, 
 oval Coccinella, added to the eight subequal black spots with which 
 each of its elytra is adorned, its extremely glossy, subdiaphanous, 
 almost unsculptured head and prothorax, and its rather strongly 
 
COCCINELLID.T.. 159 
 
 puuctiired elytra, will at once distinguish it. Its prothorax (which 
 is very appreciably narrower than the elytra) is semitransparent, or 
 subpellucid, along its extreme lateral and anterior margins — parti- 
 cularly the former, which are likewise a good deal recurved. It is 
 widely spread over the archipelago, where it occurs independently of 
 elevation — being more especially attached to the shrubs of the Arte- 
 misia gorgonum, which characterize certain districts in several of the 
 islands. 
 
 The C. artemisice was first detected by Mr. Gray (during March 
 1864) in the north of S. Antao, in which island we both of us met 
 with it (during the following January) — in the Ribeira Fria, the 
 Ribeira da Babosa, and towards the head of the Ribeii'a das Patas. 
 Subsequently we brushed it off the Artemisia-hnshes, at the Monte 
 Nucho, in Pogo ; and it was taken by Mr. Gray close to the Villa da 
 Praia in S. lago, as well as near the Povoa§ao in Brava. 
 
 Genus 119. SCYMNUS. 
 Kugelann, in Schneid. Mcu/. olo (1794). 
 
 § I. Corpus majusc^dnin ; proiJiorace distincte punctato, basi in medio 
 simiato ; scntello triangular i-scutiformi. 
 
 176. Scymnus carbonarius, n. sp. 
 
 S. breviter ovalis, niger, cinereo pubescens, sat profunde (praesertim 
 in elytris) punctatus ; prothoracis parte media antescutellari vix 
 producta ; antennis pedibusque in toto rufo-testaceis : subtus, prae- 
 sertim in metasterno convexo, profunde punctatus. — Long. corp. 
 lin. li. 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; a Dom. Gray semel tantiim lectus. 
 
 A single example of this Scymnus (which may at once be known 
 from the other species here enumerated by its totally black body and 
 rufo-testaceous limbs) was captured by Mr. Gray, during our late so- 
 journ at S. Vicente. In its dark colour, rather large size, and deeply 
 punctured surface it bears a strong prima facie resemblance to the 
 European 8. ater ; nevertheless it is a little wider and more 
 rounded in outline than that insect, and its legs (instead of having 
 only the tarsi pale) are entirely rufo-testaceous — including even the 
 coxse and trochanters. The basal line, also, of its prothorax is, if 
 anything, a trifle closer to the actual edge ; and the central portion 
 behind it, in front of the scutellum, is just perceptibly less sinuated 
 or produced. In its totally pale legs, but otherwise black hue, it 
 
100 COCCI NELLID.K. 
 
 agrees (I imagine) with the female examples of the European ^S. 
 pygmoius; but it appears to be larger than the latter, and I have no 
 evidence that its opposite sex would possess the pale head and protho- 
 . rax -which (according to the published diagnosis) distinguish that 
 species. 
 
 177. Scymnus pallidulus, n. sp. 
 
 S. ovalis, plus minus pallide rufo-ferrugineus, cinereo pubescens, le- 
 vius (prsesertim in prothorace) punctatus ; antennis pedibusque 
 concoloribus : subtus picescentior et, praesertim in metasterno 
 (concavo, transversim siibrugoso), profunde punctatus. — Long. 
 Corp. lin. l^-l^- 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et S. Vicente; in intermediis editioribusque hinc 
 inde vulgaris. 
 
 A Scymnus which, has been observed only in the two northern islands 
 of the archipelago, S. Antao and S. Vicente — where, however, it ap- 
 pears to be rather common at intermediate and lofty elevations. It 
 was taken in both of those islands by Mr. Gray and myself ; whilst 
 in the former of them it was met with likewise by Dr. H. Dohrn, and 
 in the latter by Mr. MiUer. It may easily be known by its concolo- 
 rous, rnfo-ferruginous hue — it being altogether free from markings, 
 though occasionally a little infuscated in various parts. It is a trifle 
 more oblong, or less rounded, than the preceding species ; and its 
 punctation is very much shallower, or more superficial. Judging 
 from 44 examples which I have overhaiiled, it would seem to have 
 no tendency to become maculated. 
 
 178. Sc3rmnus nigropictus, n. sp. 
 
 S. breviter ovalis, cinereo pubescens, distincte punctatus (punctis sat 
 magnis sed, praesertim in prothorace, levibus, circnlaribus) ; capite 
 in maribus testaceo, in foeminis subnigro ; prothorace subnigro, ad 
 latera in maribus late et clare, sed in foeminis angustius et obscu- 
 rius testaceo ; elytris rufo-ferrugineis aut testaceo-rufis, ad basin 
 (praecipue in regione scutellari), per suturam (usque paido ultra 
 medium), ad marginem lateralem (praesertim in medio), necnon in 
 macula discali (extus in marginem subsufiiisa), plus minus nigres- 
 centioribus; antennis pedibusque testaceis. — Long. corp. lin . lg-l|. 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; ad flores foliaque plantarum in apricis inferioribus 
 deprehensus. 
 
 Taken by myself and Mr. Gray, on various j^lants and shrubs (espe- 
 cially the CaUotrupis procera), at a low elevation in S. lago — in the 
 Palm-grovewhichadjoinstheeastern outskirts of the Villa da Praia. It 
 
coccixellid.t:, 161 
 
 is quite as large as (if anything, perhaps, a trifle larger than) either 
 of the preceding species ; and it is more variegated with black and 
 reddish-testaceous markings than any of the Scymni with which we 
 have here to do ; for its elytra not only have their entire basal por- 
 tion and about two -thirds of their suture, but likewise the central part 
 (or, sometimes, more) of their lateral margin, and a patch subcow- 
 nected with it on either disk, more or less darkened and suffused. 
 Its head and prothorax vary according to the sex — the former being 
 testaceous in the males, but nearly black in the females ; whilst the 
 latter may be described as blackish in both sexes, but with the sides 
 more broadly (and brightly) testaceous in the males than in the fe- 
 males. Its punctatiou, also, is somewhat peculiar ; for, when viewed 
 beneath the microscope, the punctures (especially on the prothorax), 
 although not deep, will be seen to be rather large, superficial, and 
 very circular — the minute points out of which the hairs arise forming 
 often a kind of centre for each separate circle. In the nine examples 
 now before me, its specific characters seem to be tolerably constant. 
 In its general outline, and markings, the S. nigropktus has so much 
 in common with the normal (or highly-ornamented) examples of the 
 S. canarietisis that we might almost suppose it to be a permanent geo- 
 graphical modification of that species, though, when closely inspected, 
 it will be seen to possess many distinctive features of its own. Thus, 
 apart from the slightly different type of its punctatiou (which is rea- 
 dily appreciable when the two insects are placed under the microscope), 
 its dark parts are less black, and less rigidly defined, than is the case 
 in the canariensis, and the paler ones are rather more suff'used ; and 
 its elytra have a deeper (and less triangular) portion at their base 
 darkened, and their discal patch ^.ovue^h^i shaded-off exteriudly into 
 the blackish cloud along the middle of the outer margin — which last 
 does not appear to be curved inwards posteriorly (so as to form an 
 arcuate line which joins the suture just behind the extreme apex). 
 The sides, also, of its male prothorax are much more broadly testa- 
 ceous. 
 
 179. Scymnus posticus, n. sp. 
 
 S. prsecedenti similis, sed paulo minor et vix rotuudatior, punctis 
 omnibus sensim minoribus ; capite ut in illo (sc. masculo pallido, 
 fcemineo obscuriore) et prothorace nigro, ad latera latissime in 
 maribus, angustius in foeminis, testaceo ; elytris Ijetius rufo-tes- 
 taceis (vel testaceo-rufis), in disco immaculatis, per suturam 
 (sublate circa scutellum, sed hand in parte tota basali), necnon 
 in regione postica subareuata (interdum fere seinicirculari) sub- 
 
1G2 COCCINELLID.*:. 
 
 apicali, plus minus nigrescentibus ; autennis pedibusque saturate 
 tcstaoois. 
 Variat elytiis fere immaculatis (sc. persuturam et postice subconco- 
 loribus). — Long. corp. lin. Ig-vix 1|. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et Brava; hinc inde minus frequens. 
 
 It is only iu S. Antao and Brava that this Sct/mniis has hitherto 
 been found — in the former of which islands it was met with by Dr. 
 H. Dohrn, Mr. Gray, and myself, and by myself in the latter of them. 
 It appears to be a httlc smaller than the nuiropictus, and, if anything, 
 a trifle rounder ; and its punctures, although on the same superficial 
 type, wiU be seen (when viewed beneath the microscope) to be less 
 developed. It is by its elytral markings, however, that it may be 
 most easily recognized, — merely the suture (instead of the whole an- 
 terior region), and a large arcuated cloud behind the extreme apex 
 (which is itself pale), being darkened. The sutural stripe, although 
 sometimes a good deal expanded in front (so as to shape out a trian- 
 gular scutellary blotch), is never so much so as to reach the shoulders 
 — and therefore, a fortiori, to cover a deep transverse portion at the 
 base ; the disk of each elytron is immaculate ; and the pale parts are 
 of a redder and clearer hue. I have inspected but 12 examples of it 
 hitherto ; and I may add that it is perhaps nearer, in reality, to the 
 S.JioricoJa — from which it mainly differs in the large, siibarcuate 
 (or somewhat semicircular) cloudy dash which almost covers the hin- 
 der region of its elytra. 
 
 180. Scymnus floricola, n. sp. 
 
 S. praecedente paululum oblongior ; capite prothoraceque ut in illo, 
 sed prothorace vix subtilius puuctulato necnon postice in medio 
 vix minus sinuato ; elytris fere ut in illo, sed postice (ante apicem) 
 concoloribiis (nee nigrescentibus), per suturam a basi usque ad ultra 
 medium (plus minus latins circa scutellum), necnon interdum an- 
 guste in medio marginis lateralis, nigris vel nigrescentibus ; an- 
 tennis pedibusque saturate testaceis. 
 
 Variat elj'tris fere immaculatis, et (rarissime) prothorace toto pallido. 
 — Long. corp. lin. I-I5. 
 
 Habitat S. lago, Fogo, et Brava ; inter plantas ab ora maritima usque 
 ad locos editiores ascendens. 
 
 This is the imiversal Scymnus in the southern division of the ar- 
 chipelago, having been taken abundantly, by Mr. Gray and myself, 
 in S. lago, Fogo, and Brava — and occurring at all elevations, though 
 principally at intermediate ones. After inspecting 109 examples x)f 
 it, it seems to be rather variable in size, but tolerably constant in 
 
COCCINELLID.?'. 163 
 
 markings ; and although (as regards the latter) it bears a sort of 
 analogy to some of the states of the Protean ^S^. canariensis (as the 
 nigropictus does to the h'ujhhj -ornamented specimens of that insect), 
 I nevertheless think that it can scarcely be regarded as any modifi- 
 cation of either of the two preceding species — unless indeed (which it 
 is scarcely possible to assume) the uihole of these immediate Atlantic 
 forms be but permanent phases of a single plastic type*. It descends 
 to a smaller size than either of them, though the largest examples are 
 quite as large as those of the >S; posticus ; and it is also a trifle more 
 oblong, or less rounded. But, apart from this, the chief point which 
 distinguishes it is that it seems to be perfectly free from any trace of 
 the arcuate subapical cloud which is always more or less conspicuous 
 on the elytra of the joosticus ; audits prothorax is perhaps somewhat 
 more finely punctured, and less sinuated in the centre of its base. 
 The black sutural band is usually expanded in front (so as to form a 
 triangular scuteUary blotch), and there are generally traces of a small 
 darkened portion about the middle of the lateral margin ; neverthe- 
 less in occasional examples the elytra are nearly immaculate. 
 
 I cannot see that the present Scymnus differs specifically from an 
 example in my possession which was taken by the late Mr. Melly in 
 Egypt ; so that, if the two be really identical, the S. jioricola will 
 probably possess a wide African range, and may perhaps be already 
 characterized. Nevertheless I should add that I cannot identify it 
 satisfactorily with any of the species in Mulsant's monograph. 
 
 § II. Corpus minuscidum; ocidis maximis ; protliorace suhtdius piinc- 
 tato, hasi rectlus truncate; scutello triangidari. 
 
 181. Scymnus fractus, n. sp. 
 
 S. ovalis, niger (aut subpiceo-niger), nitidissimus, grosse, longe et 
 suberecte cinereo pubescens; prothoracesubconcolori(aut adlatera 
 vix dilutiore), minutissime et parce punctulato ; elytris distinctius 
 infequaliter punctatis, singulis ad apiccm, in macula subluniformi 
 (in disco postico sita), in altera ovali longitudinali (intra discum po- 
 sita), et in tertia minore obliqua (longe ante humerum terminate), 
 rufo-testaceis, ornatis ; femoribus piccis, tibiis tarsisque saturate 
 testaceis : subtus minutissime et (praesertim in medio) parce punc- 
 tulatus. — Long. corp. lin. 1. 
 
 Habitat ii. Antao; inter quisquilias aridas in intermediis semcl captus. 
 
 Ohs. — S.macidosum,CanaYieTa.seTn, prima facie simulans, et forsan 
 
 * The particular forms to which I allude are the S. duranta' of the Madeiran 
 Group, the canariensis, ohlongiiw, and cercyonides of the Canaries, and the 
 puUididvs, nigropictus, posticus, and jioricola of the Cape Yerde archipelago —all 
 readily distinguishable inter se, but belonging nevertheless to much the same ty2ie. 
 
 M 2 
 
104 COCCINELLIDiE. 
 
 ejus varietas gcographica : differt prtesertim corpore paululum ma- 
 jore (?), prothorace fere concolori, subnigro (nee ad latera late et 
 conspiciie dilutioi'e), basi in medio minus sinuate, elytrorumque 
 singulorum macula sublaterali media omnino obsoleta, nulla, neonon 
 discali subhumeralique inter se fractis disjunctis (baud suffusis), 
 ilia subminore angustiore atque a margine basali magis remota. 
 
 The single specimen from -which the above description has been 
 compiled I cajitured, by sifting drj- rubbish, in the interior of S. 
 Antao ; and it may easily be known by its black (or somewhat pice- 
 ous-black) hue, its highly polished and very minutely punctulate, 
 but silvery-pubescent, surface, and by its elytra being ornamented 
 with rufo-testaceous markings — their apex being pale, and also a sub- 
 lunate patch behind the middle of each, as well as an oval (but longitu- 
 dinally-placed) spot on the inner disk, and another (smaller and ob- 
 lique) which adjoins it, but pointing towards the shoulder. Although 
 with many small distinctions (which I have alluded to above), it so 
 nearly resembles the Canarian ^S'. macidosus that I cannot feel sure 
 that it is more, in reality, than a permanent geographical state of that 
 species. It differs from it in its prothorax being concolorous (ov not 
 diluted at the sides — -at any rate in the sex now before me), and in 
 its elytra wanting the suhlateral central spot which is always present 
 in the macidosus. The other patches, moreover, are not quite the 
 same as in its Canarian representative — the one on the inner disk 
 being a little smaller and narrower, further removed from the basal 
 margin, and entirely separated from (even though very close to) the 
 oblique subhumeral one*. 
 
 182. Scynmus picturatus, n. sp. 
 
 /S'. praecedenti similis, sod subminor (?), magis ater, nitidissimus, 
 grosse, longe et suberecte cinereo pubescens ; prothorace ut in illo ; 
 elytris vix parcius et magis lequaliter punctatis, singulis ad apicem, 
 in macula sublunato-arcuata transversa (in disco postico sita), in 
 altera lineari longitudinali (intra discum posita), et in tertia minore 
 obliqua (longe ante humerum terminata), vel in seeundam mer- 
 gente vel disjuncta, flavo-testaceo ornatis; pedibus corporeque sub- 
 tus ut in sp. praecedenti. — Long. corp. lin. |-1. 
 
 Habitat Fogo ; in herbidis intermediis haixd infrequens, ad Monte 
 Nncho deprehensus. 
 
 * If (as already stated) the black-and-reddish Scymni of tbe preceding Sec- 
 tion, in these three Atlantic archipelagos, may be regarded (however distinct 
 from each other) as belonging to much tbe same type ; on the other hand, the 
 S. fractus, picturatus, and maritimus may in like manner be, as it were, affiliated 
 with the Canarian macutostis and the Madeiran flavopictus. 
 
COCCINELLID^. 165 
 
 Of this beautiful little Sci/mnus I captured tliirteen examples, by 
 brushing- the vegetation, at the Monte Nucho, in Fogo. It is much 
 on the same type as the S. fractus, but is of a more intense black, 
 with its markings of a paler (or yellower) hue, and therefore more 
 conspicuous or defined ; and its elytra (the punctation of which is a 
 trifle more remote and uniform — being less evidently composed of 
 larger and smaller punctures intermixed) have the longitudinal patch 
 down the inner disk of each narrower and linear, and often quite con- 
 fluent with the oblique subhumeral one which adjoins it. 
 
 183. Scymnus maritimus, n. sp. 
 
 S. praecedentibus duobus afiinis, sed sensim minor, paulo minus niti- 
 dus, densius longiusque suberecte argenteo pubescens, et ubique 
 subcrebrius (sed in elytris paulo levins) punctulatus ; elytris minus 
 nigris (saepe omniuo fuscescentibus), fere ut in S. pictaroto macu- 
 latis sed maculis obscuris subobsoletis (interdum opgre observandis) 
 et macula in disco postico subrotundata (nee transversa arcuata) ; 
 pedibus corporeque subtus fere ut in sp. praecedenti. 
 Var. /3. ohliterata [an species ?]. Elytra fusca, maculis omnino ob- 
 Hteratis. {S. Anfao.) — Long. corp. lin. |-|. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao (yar. /3), et S. Vicente ; sub quisquiliis in arenosis 
 salinis, baud procul a mare ipso sitis, rarissimus. 
 
 I took five or six examples of this minute Scymnus (which seems 
 to be extremely rare, and of subsaliue habits) on the low sandy flats 
 immediately behind the sea-beach, about a mile to the south of 
 Porto Grande, in S. Vicente. It was in company with the Penta- 
 temnus ajffinls, imder the small particles of triturated refuse which 
 had been deposited in lines by the salt water which appears occa- 
 sionally to overflow these level spots between the sandy hillocks and 
 the shore. On the probability that this indicated its normal mode 
 of life, I thought it not unlikely that it would prove to be at any 
 rate congeneric with the Ccelopterus salinus — a small Scymnid which 
 was detected in the south of France, and which is placed (in the 
 recent Catalogues) in juxtaposition with Sct/mnus proper; but I 
 cannot see that it possesses either the structural or trivial characters 
 which Mulsant assigns to that insect. Indeed this supposition is 
 now rendered almost untenable from the evident affinity which it 
 displays — in its markings, clothing, and sculpture — with the two 
 preceding species, as well as with the innci(hsi(s of the Canarian 
 Group and the Jlavojyict us of Madeira. 
 
 A single example which I captured in S. Antao may possibly be 
 the type of a closely allied species ; but as it is hardly mature, I 
 
166 COCCINELLID.E. 
 
 cannot feel quite certain that its elytra (which appear totally imma- 
 culate) might not be obsciirely spotted in more satisfactory speci- 
 mens. StUl, since I believe that I met with it at a comparatively high 
 elevation, and far removed from the coast, I am inclined to suspect 
 that further material will tend to separate it from the ;S'. maritimus ; 
 and therefore, if such should prove to be the case, I would then 
 propose for it (as above indicated) the title of ohliteratus. 
 
 The S. maritimus may be known by its diminutive size, by the 
 coarse, dense and suberect silvery pubescence with which it is 
 clothed, and by its elytra (which are often much diluted in hue, or 
 fuscescent) being so obscurely ornamented with paler markings that 
 the latter are sometimes scarcely traceable. When sufiiciently so, 
 however, to be properly observed, it will be seen that the patches 
 are in much the same positions as those of t\xe picturatus and f nidus 
 — though the one on the hinder disk of each elytron appears (so far 
 as I can judgej to be rounded, instead of transverse and arcuate. 
 
 184. Scyinnus inconspicuus, n. sp. 
 
 S. breviter ovalis, niger, nitidus, suberecte cinereo pubescens ; pro- 
 thorace subconcolori (ad angulos anticos solos paulo dilutiore), 
 una cum elytris distincte et argute punctulato ; his saturate ruib- 
 ferrugineis, in regione scutellari usque ad suturse medium late et 
 suffuse triangulariter nigrescentibiis, nccnon etiam in margine 
 laterali paulo nebulosis ; femoribus nigro-piccis, tibiis tarsisque 
 saturate testaceis ; metasterno transversim ruguloso, postice con- 
 vexo. 
 
 Variat elytris omnino obseuratis, piceo-nigrescentibus, postice solum 
 paulo dilutioribus ; vel (immaturus) colore omnino pallidiore, 
 plus minus olivaceo-ferrugineo. — Long. corp. lin. circa |. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. lago, et Fogo ; inter quisquilias aridas in infe- 
 rioribns intermediisque Icctus. 
 
 A small Sci/mnus, much about the size of the European S. mini- 
 mus, though belonging to a totally different type. It may be known 
 by its short oval outline and pubescent surface ; by its head and 
 prothorax being almost wholly black, whilst its elytra arc of a dull 
 rufesceut colour — but more or less largely (and gradually) darkened 
 anteriorly by a suffused blackish cloud, forming a triangular patch, 
 which is broad at the base, and extends (at its apex) to about the 
 middle of the suture. Their lateral edge is usually a little obscure 
 likewise ; and these clouded portions are at times tolerably well ex- 
 pressed, though more frequently shaded-off imperceptibly into the 
 paler ones. In occasional examples, indeed, they are so much dif- 
 
COCCINELLIDiE. 167 
 
 fused as to render the entire elytra nearly dark. Its punctures, 
 although small, will be seen (when viewed beneath the microscope) 
 to be not only considerably larger than those of the preceding three 
 species, but also comparativehj deep and sharply defined. 
 
 The S. inconspicuus is widely spread over the archipelago, where 
 perhaps it will be found to be nearly universal, though hitherto it 
 has been detected only in S. Antao, S. lago, and Togo. It is how- 
 ever, decidedly scarce ; and the few examples which I have seen 
 (eleven in number) were taken by myself — for the most part (if not 
 entirely) beneath diy vegetable detritus at low and intermediate 
 altitudes, but never in saline spots like the S. maritimus. The ma- 
 jority of my specimens are Fogo ones, and were captured amongst 
 the small triturated rubbish which had accumulated under the suc- 
 culent plants of ZygophyJlum on the hot sand slopes at the base 
 of the sea-cliffs close to the Porto da Luz ; but the S. Antao and 
 S. lago ones were met with (so far as I can recollect), by sifting, in 
 the interior of those islands, at a much loftier elevation*. 
 
 185. Scymnus depressiusculus, n. sp. 
 
 S. suboblongus, minus convexus, depressiusculus, fusco-testaceus, 
 nitidus, brevius et demisse cinereo pubescens ; capite paululum 
 minus deflexo ; prothorace latiusculo, miniitissime levitcr punctu- 
 lato, in disco suffuse paulo obscuriore ; elyti'is subparaUelis, pos- 
 tice pygidio sensim brevioribus, distinctius punctulatis, vel conco- 
 loribus vel antice circa scuteUum obsolete obscuratis ; pedibus 
 concoloribus : subtus paulo picescentior, metasterno minus con- 
 vexo et in medio vix punctulato.— Long. corp. lin. |-vix 1. 
 
 Habitat S. lago, et Fogo ; in apricis inferioribus rarior. 
 
 Three examples only of this very distinct little Scymnus have as 
 yet come beneath my notice. Two of them I captured in S. lago 
 (I believe, at a low elevation near the Villa da Praia), and the other 
 (in company with the last species) close to the Porto da Luz in Fogo. 
 It is rather larger than the S. inconspicuus, less convex, and very 
 much more oblong. Indeed this latter peculiaritj-, in conjunction 
 with its somewhat less deflexed head, its pale, brownish-testaceous 
 hue (the disk of its prothorax being alone obfuscated), its finer and 
 
 * Although totally distinct from it., the 8. inconspicinis bears a certain ana- 
 logy to the C'anarian 8. cercyonides ; but it is a little smaller and rounder, with 
 its pubescence longer and more cinereous, its prothorax more truncated at tlie 
 base (being less sinuated, or produced, in the middle), its scuteUum relatively 
 larger, its elytral punctures very much finer, and the reddish portion of its sur- 
 face is altogether darker and more suffused. In reality, indeed, I believe tliat 
 the ccrcj/onidc^ belongs to a different fi/pc -being, rather, a small member of the 
 canaricnsis. n/firopictus. ijosficus, and fnr/cnhi group. 
 
168 TEXTYRIAD.E. 
 
 more depressed pubcseence, its widish and very minutelj^ piinctu- 
 lated prothorax, and the fact of its elytra being perceptibly shortened 
 behind, so as to expose the apex of the jiygidium, will more than 
 suffice to separate it from the other Scijmni here enumerated. 
 
 Fam. 42. TENTYRIAD^. 
 
 Genus 120. HEGETER. 
 Latreille, Hist. Nat. iii. 172 (1802). 
 
 186. Hegeter tristis. 
 
 Blaps tristis, Fah., Ent. Si/st. i. 108 (1702). 
 
 Hegeter elougatus, Won.,^Ins. Mad. .'510, tab. xi. f. 7 (1854). 
 
 , Id, Cat. Mad. Col 157 (1857). 
 
 tristis. Id., Cat. Can. Col. 451 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 395 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Yieeute, S. lago, Fogo, et Bi'ava ; sub lapidi- 
 bus, necnon in cavernis tufse, hinc inde congregans. 
 
 The H. tristis is found in all these Atlantic Groups — to which, al- 
 though now met with likewise on the opposite coast of Africa, it was 
 perhaps originally peculiar. It occurs at the Azores, and is univer- 
 sal throughout the Madeiran and Canarian archipelagos ; and we 
 may be pretty sure that it is equally universal in the Cape Verde 
 islands, though hitherto it has been captured in only five of them. 
 It is independent of elevation, but more especially abundant perhaps 
 in the lower districts — where it congregates beneath stones, and in 
 open basaltic caverns towards the coast. It was taken in S. Antao 
 by Dr. H. Dohrn and myself ; in St. Vicente by myself, Mr. Gray, 
 the Rev. Hamlet Clark, and Mr. Miller ; and by Mr. Gray and my- 
 self in S. lago, Fogo, and Brava. From Fogo it has likewise been 
 obtained by the Barao do Castello de Paiva. 
 
 Apart from its larger size, more appreciably striated, basally-mar- 
 gined elytra, and various other characters, the H. tristis may at 
 once be knovm from the numerous Oxycarce described below by the 
 structure of its mesosternum, its anteriorly simple (or wnmucro- 
 nated) clypeus, and by its scuteUum being conspicuous and trans- 
 verse. 
 
 Genus 121. OXYCARA. 
 
 Seller, Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de France, iv. 254 (1835). 
 
 Jnsfrninevta ciharia fere ut in Hegetere, sed mandihidce dextrcr margo 
 
 externus in dentem medium multo longiorem supra productus ; 
 
 palporuni Jabialiuia art'" ult"' paulo minus incrassatus ; imcus lobi 
 
tentyriad.t:. 169 
 
 maxlllaris intern! angustior magisque inciuviis ; et mentimi ad 
 latera oblique rectius (minus rotundatum). Aniemiarum arf" 
 ult"^ etiam minor quam in Hegetere. Caput utrinque (mox intra 
 oculum) plica costiformi longitudinaliter instructum, clypeo antice 
 in medio in mueronem parvum plus minus evidenter producto. 
 Prothorax ad basin vel tenuiter, vel vix (nunquam ut in Hegetere 
 distincte) marginatus, subtus in. propleiiris plus minus grosse longi- 
 tudinaliter strigosus. Scutelhcm nullum (ant interdum minutis- 
 simum, triangulare, segerrime observandum ; nunquam ut in He- 
 getere distinctum, transversum, crassum). Elgtra ad basin minus 
 sinuata quam in Hegetere, necnon ibidem semper immarginata. 
 Prosterni lohus magis productus et apice aeutior. Mesosternum 
 magis elevatum, crassum, horizontale, planatum, parallelogram- 
 micum (nee obtriangulare), sed antice in medio profunde fissum, 
 lobum prosterni recipiens. Metasterni pars antica rotundata (inter 
 coxas posticas) apice latius rectiusque truncata. Abdominis seg- 
 vicntum penultimum brevius (sc. bre^'issimum). 
 
 I have thought it desirable to give the above comparative dia- 
 gnosis of O.rycara (di-awn out after a careful examination of ten 
 species and 409 specimens), in order to indicate the exact points in 
 which it differs from Hegeter ; for since its numerous exponents 
 would seem to occupy just the same position throughout the Cape 
 Verde archipelago that the Hegeters do in the Canarian Group, it is 
 important that we should know precisely what the distinctions are 
 which separate them from the latter. At fii'st sight, indeed, they 
 have so much in common with Hegeter that they might well be sup- 
 posed to constitute a mere section of that genus ; yet, when accu- 
 rately overhauled, they will be seen to possess characters which are 
 abundantly sufficient to render their isolation a matter of necessity. 
 Perhaps their most remarkable feature is the structure of their me- 
 sosternum — which (instead of being as in Hegeter, obtriangular and 
 curved inwards, and widely scooped out anteriorly for the blunt pro- 
 sternal lobe to be applied against) is thick and Jlattetied (or horizon- 
 tal), and almost a parallelogram in outline, though cleft in front to 
 receive the comparatively acute and more produced apex of the 
 presternum. This particular shape causes the base of the mesoster- 
 num to be wider than in Hegeter (where it is scarcely more than 
 the apex of a reversed triangle), and consequently the rounded por- 
 tion of the 3ne<«sternum (between the posterior coxae), against which 
 it rests, to be more broadly and straightly truncated. 
 
 Next to the peculiarity of the mesosternum (which removes them 
 from all the other known members of the Tentyriadce),the most appre- 
 ciable character which separates the Oxgcara' from the Hegeters is 
 
170 TENTYRIADiE. 
 
 the absence of a visible scutcllum and the nnmargiued (and loss 
 sinuated) base of tlieir el3'tra. In one or two species indeed the 
 former is occasionally _/hs< perceptible, in the shape of a most minute 
 triangular point ; but it never makes the slightest approach to 
 that of Uerjeier — which is conspicuous, transverse, and thickened, so 
 as to constitute a portion of the incrassated elytral edge. Then the 
 head has a longitudinal costiform plait immediately within either 
 eye, and the clypeus (as in Thalpojyhila) is produced in front into a 
 little central mucro. The prothorax also is much less evidently 
 (sometimes, indeed, not at all) margined behind, and has the lateral 
 segments (or projAeurce) of its underside very coarsely and longitu- 
 dinally strigose, or sulcated — a sculpture, however, which is faintly 
 recognizable in many of the Hegeters and allied forms. The penul- 
 timate abdominal segment is shorter than in Hegeter ; and the ter- 
 minal articulation of the antennae is even still smaller. 
 
 The oral organs of the whole of these allied genera are so nearly 
 on the same type that it would be unreasonable to look to them for 
 any marked peciiliarities ; yet there arc, nevertheless, in the case 
 of Oxycara, many small items in which they differ from those of 
 Hegeter. Thus, for instance, the last joint of the labial palpi is 
 sensibly less thickened, the mentum is straighter at the sides, and 
 the right mandible has the great central tooth which branches off 
 from the upper surface of its outer edge much more prominent and 
 elongate. 
 
 With the many peculiarities thus indicated, there can be little 
 doubt that Oxycara is positively and aboriginally distinct from He- 
 geter ; and although it manifestly represents the latter (so abundant 
 throughout the Canarian Group) in the Cape Verde archipelago, 
 nevertheless we are still further debarred from supposing that it 
 can be any mere geographical modification of it by the fact that 
 Hegeter also, in its genuine and unaltered form (though only, as 
 hitherto observed, in a single species), has every appearance of being 
 equally indigenous amongst these same islands. 
 
 187. Oxycara hegeteroides. 
 
 0. elongato-ovata, atra, subnitida, in capite profunde, dense et ru- 
 gose, in prothorace minutius, minus dense et multo levins (tamen 
 argiite), sed in clytris minutissime, parce et levissimc punctulata ; 
 prothorace coleo])teris angustiore, subconico, ad latera antcrius 
 subrotundato, postice subsinuato, angulis posticis acutiiisculis, basi 
 in medio transversim plus minus impresso (quare ibidem ad basin 
 
TENTYRIAD/E. 171 
 
 extremam quasi subelevato) ; elytris convexis, vel (saepius) obso- 
 
 letissime Kneatis vel simplicibiis ; pedibus longiusciilis. 
 Variat prothorace integro (postice rrnllo modo impresso). 
 Var. /3. arffinis [an species ?]. Paulo minor, minus ovata, nitidior, 
 
 punctura (valde instabili) omnino profundiore, pedibus plerumque 
 
 minus elongatis. — Long. corp. lin. 3|-5. 
 
 Oxycara hegeteroides, Erich., in Wiegm. Archiv, ix. 236 (1843). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao ; ab era maritima (in statu typico) usque ad siim- 
 mos monies (plerumque, nisi fallor, in var. (3) ascendens, sed 
 nusquam vulgaris. 
 
 This O.vi/cara would seem to be peculiar to S. Antao, where it oc- 
 curs (though nowhere verj" abundantly) from the sea-level to the 
 summits of the mountains. It is considerably more variable, both 
 in size and the strength of its punetation, than any of the other 
 species ; but on the average it is larger than most of them, and (in 
 conjimction with the ebenina) it has more of the outline of a tt/pical 
 Hegeter — as represented by the tristis and amaroides. Although 
 usually finely sculptured, it may nevertheless, when contrasted with 
 its allies, be described as somewhat strongly punctate — at all events 
 anteriorly, and particularly on the head ; but the punetation of the 
 latter, and of the prothorax, is in reality most inconstant. In its 
 outHne it is elongate-oi'«/(? (or subattenuated in front, and rounded 
 behind the middle); and its prothorax, which is altogether narrower 
 than the elytra, is a trifle longer and more subconical than in the 
 generality of the species — though the sides are comparatively pa- 
 rallel (even whilst a little rounded anteriorly). The latter, moreover, 
 has its hinder angles sensibly acute, or produced; and although 
 sometimes entirely free from inequalities, it is usually impressed 
 with a transverse striga along its base — which causes the extreme 
 hinder margin to appear as though raised in the central part. 
 
 In its normal state (or that which accords with Erichson's type) 
 the 0. hegeteroides was taken by Mr. Gray and Dr. H. Dohrn in the 
 north of S. Antao, and by mj-self (at Tarrafal) in the south. This 
 phasis of the species is on the average rather larger and less shining 
 than that which obtains in the higher regions, its punetation is 
 finer, and its legs are more elongate. WTiat I have treated as the 
 " var. /3 " seems to be merely a form which is gradually put on as 
 the insect ascends into the loftier districts. Under that guise it 
 appears to be a little smaller, more shining and strongly punctured, 
 a trifle less ovate, and with its legs less elongate, or developed ; 
 but, despite the very opposite aspect of the extremes, 1 can detect 
 
172 TENTYHIADyE. 
 
 nothing of sufficient constancy and significance to serve for a specific 
 character. This latter race I have met with in the Ribeira Fria, the 
 Ribeira das Patas, the llibeira da Babosa, and on the Campo Ra- 
 dondo*. 
 
 18S. Oxycara ebenina, n. sp. 
 
 0. ovata et praecedenti subsimilis, sed minor, minus nitida (plerum- 
 que subopaca), punctura multo subtiliore (sc. in prothoracis disco 
 elytrisque ajgre observanda) ; prothorace integro (nee postice in 
 medio transversim impresso) ; anteunis pedibusque brevioribus, 
 illarum articulis (proesertim tertio) conspicue magis abbreviatis. — 
 Long. Corp. lin. 2|-3g. 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; sub lapidibus in locis editioribus degens. 
 
 Pound in the higher elevations of 8. Yicente— having been taken 
 by Mr. MiUer, Mr. Gray, and myself on the ascent, and summit, of 
 Monte Verde. In its ovate outline it agrees with the hegeteroides ; 
 but it is considerably smaller, and (relatively) rather less elongate, 
 as well as more opake, its punctation is very much finer (indeed on 
 the elytra and prothoracic disk scarcely traceable), and its limbs are 
 shorter — the antennal joints (particularly the third one) being con- 
 spicuously more abbreviated. 
 
 189, Oxycara castanea, n. sp. 
 
 0. depressiuscula, rufo-picea aut potius castanea, subnitida, in ca- 
 pite distincte et argute, in prothorace minute et leviter, sed in 
 elytris minutissime et levissime punctulata ; prothorace ad latera 
 anterius rotundato, postice rectiore et sensim angustato, anguUs 
 posticis argute subobtusis, ad basin subsinuato, ante basin saepius 
 transversim impresso ; elytris depressis, vel (saepius) obsoletissime 
 lineatis vel simplicibus ; antennis pedibusque longiusculis. 
 
 Variat prothorace integro, necnon (iw*. /3) raiius colore obscuriore, 
 fere nigro. — Long. corp. lin. 3-4. 
 
 Oxycara hegeteroides, Woll. [nee Erich.'], Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 198 
 (1861). 
 
 Habitat S. Vieente ; in editioribus plerumque (sed vix copiose) oc- 
 currens. 
 
 * The 0. hegeteroides and pedinoides were both of them described by Erichson 
 in his paper on (supposed) " Angolan " Coleoptera ; but I have already stated 
 that a large proportion of the latter were not from Angola at all, but from the 
 Cape Verde archipelago ; and there can be no kind of doubt that these two Osycaras 
 came from the islands onh/. I say " only," because the first of them is clearly 
 confined to S. Antao, whilst even the second has but a shghtly wider range ; so 
 that, manifesHy endemic as they are, it would be preposterous to assume (simply 
 on account of Erichson having recorded for them a hahifat which was erroneous) 
 that they extend along the African coast down to Angola I 
 
TENTYRIAD^. 173 
 
 Easily known by its rather depressed body and rufo-piceous or 
 (more properly) reddish-chestnut, line, by its extremely fine and 
 light punctation (that on the head, however, being rather sharper 
 and more distinct) , by its prothorax being somewhat narrowed (and 
 obliquely straightened) posteriorly, and faintly bisinuated at its base, 
 and by its limbs being slightly elongate. Its elytra are usually very 
 obsoletely and obtusely striated ; but sometimes they are free from 
 all traces of longitudinal Hues. It has been observed hitherto only 
 in S. Vicente, where it occurs principally in the higher elevations — 
 though occasionally at intermediate ones. It is far less abundant 
 than the 0. pedinoides, which teems everywhere ; and it is chiefly 
 on the ascent, and summit, of Monte Verde that I have myself met 
 with it. It was taken, however, by Mr. Gray, and the Eev. Hamlet 
 Clark, in 1856, at a lower elevation ; and I obtained two examples 
 of it at Madeiralzinho, but which difter from those of the loftier 
 regions in being almost black. These latter constitute the " var. /3 " 
 of my diagnosis. 
 
 In a paper on S. Vicente Coleoptera, published in 18G1, I identi- 
 tified this Oxycara with the Jier/eteroides of Erichson ; but I have 
 received, since that date, from the late Dr. Schaum, one of Erich- 
 son's types — which evidently belongs to the S. Antao species. It is 
 true that this type was communicated under the name of" helopoldes, 
 Erich. ;" but as Eiichson never published an Oxycara with that 
 title, and the type agrees much more accurately than the present 
 species does with the description of the hegeteroides, I feel quite 
 satisfied that it was merely by a lapsus calami that Schaum wrote 
 " helopoldes " (instead of hegeteroides). 
 
 190. Oxycara pedinoides. 
 
 0. oblongo-ovalis, atra, subnitida, in capita prothoraceque sat dis- 
 tincte et argute, sed in elytris minute (tamen evidenter) punctu- 
 lata ; prothorace fere coleopterorum latitudine, ad latera tequaliter 
 leviter rotundato, angulis posticis subrectis, punctulis in disco le- 
 vioribus ; elytris simpHcibus, aut interdum obsoletissime (yxk per- 
 spicue) sublineatis ; antennis pedibusque breviuscuHs, illarum 
 art" 2^° crassiusculo, breviusculo, subobtriangulari (nee obconico). 
 — Long. corp. Kn. 3-4|. 
 
 Oxycara pedinoides, Erich., in Wiey. Archiv, ix. 236 (1843). 
 , Wall, Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 198 (1861). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et S. Vicente ; in inferioribus intermediisque (prae- 
 sertim illis) sub lapidibus occurrens. In ins. S. Vicente pra;ci- 
 pue abundat. 
 
174 TENTYRIAD.F.. 
 
 The O.pedinoides is the common O.vi/cara of S. Yicenle, where it 
 abounds (beneath stones) in arid spots of low and intermediate alti- 
 tudes. It occurs likewise in the neighbouring island of S. Antao, 
 where however it appears to be scarce, and found onh/ (so far as I 
 was able to detect) at low elevations near the coast, under which 
 circumstances I met with it at Carvoeiros and Tari'afal. In S. Vi- 
 cente it is almost imiversal ; and it seems to have been captured by 
 everybody who has collected in that island — including Mr. Miller, 
 Mr. Fry, Captain Hutton, Mr. Gray, the Rev. Hamlet Clark, the 
 Eev. E. T. Lowe, and myself ; and it was likewise obtained from 
 thence by the Barao do CasteUo de Paiva. 
 
 The 0. pedinoides is rather more strictly ohhng, or oblong-oval, 
 than the three preceding species — its prothorax (which is but slightly, 
 and evenly, rounded at the sides, with the hinder angles nearly 
 right angles) being generally of about the same breadth as the 
 elytra ; and these latter are more conspicuously (even though mi- 
 nutely) punctulate than is the case in any of the other forms here 
 enumerated. Its head is somewhat deeply and shai'ply punctured ; 
 but the punctures of its prothorax, although distinct towards either 
 side, are small and nearly evanescent on the disk. Its limbs are 
 shortish ; and the second joint of its antennse is a trifle thicker, 
 more abbreviated, and more obtriangular than in the allied species. 
 
 191. Oxycara laevis, n. sp. 
 
 0. praecedenti similis, sed vix ejus varietas insulaiis, usque ad statu- 
 ram satis minorem descendens, punctura omnino subtiliore (sc. in 
 prothorace, lateribus exceptis, elytrisque fere evanescente), elytris 
 in medio vix magis rotiindatis, antennarumque arf 2''° paululum 
 lougiore ac sensim minus obtriangulari. — Long. corp. lin. 2f-3^. 
 
 Habitat S. Nicolao ; a Dom. Gray deprehcnsa. 
 
 Very closely allied to the last species, of which indeed it is just 
 possible that it may be but a permanent insular state peculiar to 
 S. Nieolao — in which island it was taken, during Feb. 1864, by Mr. 
 Gray. Still, since the pedinoides retains its characters unimpaired 
 in S. Vicente and S. Antao, and the present Oxycara is most easily 
 separable from it, I do not see how we can treat the latter as a 
 mere phasis of that insect. 
 
 The 0. Icevis differs from the pedinoides in its punctation being 
 very much finer (indeed almost evanescent on the elytra, and on the 
 greater portion of the prothorax), in its elytra being a trifle more 
 rounded on cither side in the middle, and in the second joint of its 
 
TKXTYRIAD.i:, 175 
 
 antennae being just appreciably less sbortened, less thickened, and 
 less obtriangulai". It would seem likewise to be more variable in 
 stature ; for while some of the specimens are as large as those of the 
 pedinoicles, the smaller ones descend to a comparatively diminutive 
 bulk. 
 
 192, Oxycara cribrata, n. sp. 
 
 0. pedinoidem simulans, sed paulo minus nitida, depressiuscula ; ca- 
 pite et prothorace (ad latera snbrcctiore) multo profundius rugo- 
 siusque dense punctatis (^iunctis magnis et plus minus, prajsertim 
 versus latera, longitudinaliter subconfluentibus) ; elytris minute 
 (tamen evidenter) subdense punctulatis, granulisque (sive tuber- 
 culis minutissimis) parce irroratis. — Long. corp. lin. 3:j-4|. 
 
 Habitat S. lago; in inferioribus intermediisque, prassertim illis, abun- 
 dans. 
 
 The remarkable sculpture of the head and prothorax of this Oxy- 
 cara— yvhieh are densely covered ^■itli veiy coarse pimctures, ha\dng 
 a conspicuous tendency (particularly towards the sides) to become 
 longitudinally conjiuent — woiild, of itself, separate it from the other 
 species here enumerated. In general size and outline it much re- 
 sembles the pedinoides ; but it is usually a trifle more opake and 
 depressed, with its prothorax somewhat straighter at the edges, and 
 with its elytra a little less evidently (though perhaps, if am/thiitg, 
 more closely) punctulate, and sparingly hesprinJcled with additional 
 granules, or minute tubercles. It is the universal species in S. lago 
 — in which island alone it has hitherto been observed, and where it 
 was taken by Mr. Gray and myself from the sea-level to a consider- 
 able altitude on the mountains of the interior *. 
 
 193. Oxycara similis, n. sp. 
 
 0. pedinoidem simulans, sed vix depressior, plerumque multo minus 
 nitida, ac multo levins punctulata (punctuHs in elytris prothora- 
 cisque disco minutissimis) ; elytris fere ut in 0. cribrata (se. tu- 
 berculis minutissimis superadditis, prsesertim postice, parce irro- 
 ratis). — Long. Corp. lin. 3-4. 
 
 Habitat Fogo ; in inferioribus intermediisque (prsesertim illis) ubique 
 vulgatissima. 
 
 * The cribrata is the only Oxycara that we met with in S. lago (during our late 
 expedition), in spite of the most diligent research ; and therefore I feel ahnoit 
 confident that some examples of the 0. simiHs which are included amongst 
 Mr. Gray's former S. lago material (collected in 1864) were in reality from the 
 neighbouring island of Fogo, where that species seems to be universal and pecu- 
 liar, and that they were unintentionally mixed up with his specimens from 
 S. lago. Still, as I cannot be quite certain of this, I must just allude to the ^ws- 
 sihiUiy of the .^»/h7w being found in S. lago. 
 
176 
 
 TENTYRIAD^E. 
 
 Peculiar, I believe, to Fogo, where it is most universal and abun- 
 dant, — having been taken by Mr. Gray and myself at low and inter- 
 mediate altitudes ; and it has likewise been obtained from thence, in 
 great profusion, by the Barao do Castello de Paiva. True it is that 
 some examples of it are labelled as coming from S. lago, in the 
 material which was collected by Mr. Gray in 1864 ; but as we were 
 unable to detect any vestige of it in that island during our late 
 campaign (its place being sujiplied by the 0. cribrata), I feel almost 
 confident that a mistake has accidentally arisen in Mr. Gray's Jiabi- 
 tat ; and I think it safer, therefore, not to record the species as ex- 
 tending beyond Fogo. 
 
 In size, outline, and general aspect, the 0. slmiUs greatly resem- 
 bles the pedinoides ; but it is impossible to regard it as an insular 
 modification of that species unless we are also prepared (which / 
 certainly am not) to treat as phases of the latter the cribrata from 
 S. lago, the Jcevis from S. Nieolao, and the irrorata from Brava. It 
 differs from the pedinoides, principally, in being a trifle less shining, 
 just appreciably more depressed, and very much more finely punc- 
 tulate ; and in having its elytra (as in the last species) sparingly 
 besprinkled with additional granules, or minute tubercles. 
 
 194. Oxycara irrorata, n. sp. 
 
 0. praecedente plerumque paulo major, subopacior, ac sensim magis 
 ovata ; capite prothoraceque fere ut in ea ; elytris sensim magis 
 rotundatis, tuberculis minutis (aut quasi punctulis asperatis) 
 sequaliter, argute et paulo grossius irroratis. — Long. corp. lin. 
 3-5. 
 
 Habitat Brava; ubique, sed prsesertim in inferioribus, vulgaris. 
 
 This is the common Oxijcara in Brava, where it swarms beneath 
 stones at most elevations, though particularly at low ones. It was 
 found by Mr. Gray and myself, in great profusion, on the dry slopes 
 near the Porto da Furna. Although (like most of the species) vari- 
 able in stature, it ascends to a rather larger bulk than any of the 
 remainder (except perhaps the extreme ones of the 0. hegeteroides, 
 from S. Antao); and it is also a little more ovate, or rounded behind 
 the middle, than the immediately allied forms. It may further be 
 recognized by being somewhat opake, and by its elytra being 
 sharply, regularly, and distinctly beset with minute tubercles — 
 which may perhaps be occasioned by obliquely-impinged, asperated 
 punctules. 
 
ENTYRIAD.f:. 177 
 
 195. Oxycara asperula, n. sp. 
 
 0. ovata, atra, depressiuscula, opaca, in capite argute, sed in pro- 
 thorace (saltern in medio) vix puuctulata ; prothoracis lined basaH 
 Integra ; elytris distincte Hneatis, tuberculis minutis et minutis- 
 simis (his quasi punctulis asperatis efFeetis) sat dense et conspieue 
 irroratis. — Long. cor}!, lin. 4|. 
 
 Habitat Fogo ; a cl. Barone Castello de Paiva benigiic commimicata. 
 
 A single example of this Oxijcara has been communicated bj' the 
 Barao do Castello de Paiva, by whom it was obtained from Fogo ; 
 but whether it was met with at a high elevation (as I should be in- 
 clined to suspect), 1 have no means of determining. In its some- 
 what ovate outline, opake surface, and rather distinctly lineated 
 elytra, it is a little suggestive, at first sight, of the Hegeter ama- 
 roid^s ; and it may be further known by its slightly depressed body, 
 by its prothorax being (at any rate in the middle) most minutely 
 punctulated, and by its elytra being roughened with small tubercles 
 — interspersed with others which are a trifle smaller still, and which 
 have the appearance of being occasioned by obliquely-impinged (and, 
 therefore, asperated) punctules. 
 
 196. Oxycara curta, n. sp. 
 
 0. breviter ovalis, latiuscula, atra, convexiuscula, subnitida, in capite 
 minute, sed in prothorace (saltem in medio) vix punctulata ; pro- 
 thoraee convexo, valde transverse, intra angulos posticos subrectos 
 interdum foveolato ; elytris tuberculis minutissimis (aut potius 
 punctulis asperatis) aequaliter et argute irroratis ; antennis brevi- 
 bus, articuHs subapicalibus moniliformibus ; tibiis anticis vix sub- 
 arcuatis, apicem versus foi'tius dilatatis, necnon ad angulum ex- 
 ternum minus truncatis (sc. etiam subporrectis). — Long. corp. 
 lin. 3-3i. 
 
 Habitat Fogo ; a Barone Castello de Paiva, una cum specie praece- 
 dente, parce communicata. 
 
 In the rather shorter, and more moniliform, subapical joints of its 
 antennae, as weU as in the structure of its anterior tibiae (which are 
 faintly subarcuate, and more conspicuously widened towards their 
 apex, with the external angle less truncated, or more porrect), the 
 present insect might almost be supposed to merit generic sejiara- 
 tion from the whole of the preceding Oxycaras — though I believe 
 that a careful inspection of it will show that it is merely the ex- 
 ponent of a somewhat different type in the same group. It is rela- 
 tively shorter, wider, and more rounded (or rounded-oval) than any 
 
176 
 
 TEXTYRIAD/E. 
 
 Peculiar, I believe, to Fogo, where it is most universal and abun- 
 dant, — having been taken by Mr. Gray and myself at low and inter- 
 mediate altitudes ; and it has likewise been obtained from thence, in 
 great profusion, by the Banio do Castello de Paiva. True it is that 
 some examples of it are labelled as coming from S. lago, in the 
 material which was collected by Mr. Gray in 1864 ; but as we were 
 unable to detect any vestige of it in that island dui'ing our late 
 campaign (its place being supplied by the 0. cnbmfa), I feel almost 
 confident that a mistake has accidentally arisen in Mr. Gray's habi- 
 tat ; and I think it safer, therefore, not to record the species as ex- 
 tending beyond Fogo. 
 
 In size, outline, and general aspect, the 0. similis greatly resem- 
 bles the pediiioides ; but it is impossible to regard it as an insular 
 modification of that species unless we are also prepared (which / 
 certainly am not) to treat as phases of the latter the crihrata from 
 S. lago, the Icevis from S. Nicolao, and the irrorata from Brava. It 
 differs from the pedlnoides, principally, in being a trifle less shining, 
 just appreciably more depressed, and very much more finely punc- 
 tulate ; and in having its elytra (as in the last species) sparingly 
 besprinkled with additional granules, or minute tubercles. 
 
 194. Oxycara irrorata, n. sp. 
 
 0. praecedente plerumque paulo major, subopacior, ac sensim magis 
 ovata ; capite prothoraceque fere ut in ea ; elytris sensim magis 
 rotundatis, tuberculis minutis (aut quasi punctulis asperatis) 
 aequaliter, argute et paulo grossius irroratis. — Long. corp. lin. 
 3-5. 
 
 Habitat Brava; ubique, sed praesertim in inferioribus, vulgaris. 
 
 This is the common Oxycara in Brava, where it swarms beneath 
 stones at most elevations, though particularly at low ones. It was 
 found by Mr. Gray and myself, in great profusion, on the dry slopes 
 near the Porto da Furna. Although (Kke most of the species) vari- 
 able in stature, it ascends to a rather larger bulk than any of the 
 remainder (except perhaps the extreme ones of the 0. Jiecfeteroides, 
 from S. Antao) ; and it is also a little more ovate, or rounded behind 
 the middle, than the immediately allied forms. It may further be 
 recognized by being somewhat opake, and by its elytra being 
 sharply, regularly, and distinctly beset with minute tubercles — 
 which may perhaps be occasioned by obliquely-impinged, asperated 
 punctules. 
 
ENTYRIAD.'E. 177 
 
 195. Oxycara asperula, u. sp, 
 
 0. ovata, atra, depressiuscula, opaca, in capite argute, sed in pro- 
 thorace (saltern in medio) vix puuctulata ; prothoracis linea basali 
 integi'tx ; elytris distincte lineatis, tuberculis minutis et minutis- 
 simis (his quasi punctulis asperatis efFectis) sat dense et conspicue 
 irroratis. — Long. corp. lin. 4|. 
 
 Habitat Fogo ; a cl. Barone Castello de Paiva benigne communicata. 
 
 A single example of this Oxycara has been communicated bj^ the 
 Barao do Castello de Paiva, by whom it was obtained from Fogo ; 
 but whether it was met with at a high elevation (as I should be in- 
 clined to suspect), I have no means of determining. In its some- 
 what ovate outline, opake surface, and rather distinctly lineated 
 elytra, it is a little suggestive, at first sight, of the Hegeter ama- 
 roides ; and it may be further known by its slightly depressed body, 
 by its prothorax being (at any rate in the middle) most minutely 
 punctulated, and by its elytra being roughened with small tubercles 
 — interspersed with others which are a trifle smaller still, and which 
 have the appearance of being occasioned by obliquely-impinged (and, 
 therefore, asperated) punctules. 
 
 19(J. Oxycara curta, n. sp. 
 
 0. breviter ovalis, latiuscula, atra, convexiuscula, subnitida, in capite 
 minute, sed in prothorace (saltern in medio) vix punctulata ; pro- 
 thorace convexo, valde transverso, intra angulos posticos subrectos 
 interdum foveolato ; elytris tuberculis minutissimis (aut potius 
 punctulis asperatis) sequaliter et argute irroratis ; antennis brevi- 
 bus, articulis subapicalibus moniliformibus ; tibiis anticis vix sub- 
 arcuatis, ajDicem versus fortius dilatatis, necnon ad augulum ex- 
 ternum minus truncatis (sc. etiam subporrectis). — Long. corp. 
 lin. 3-31. 
 
 Habitat Fogo ; a Barone Castello de Paiva, una cum specie prtece- 
 dente, parce communicata. 
 
 In the rather shorter, and more moniliform, subapical joints of its 
 antennse, as weU as in the structure of its anterior tibia3 (which are 
 faintly subarcuate, and more conspicuously widened towards their 
 apex, with the external angle less truncated, or more porrect), the 
 present insect might almost be supposed to merit generic separa- 
 tion from the whole of the preceding Oxycaras — though I believe 
 that a careful inspection of it will show that it is merely the ex- 
 ponent of a somewhat different type in the same group. It is rela- 
 tively shorter, wider, and more roujided (or rounded-oval) than any 
 
178 SCAURID^. 
 
 of the other species here enumerated — its prothorax (which is con- 
 vex, and with its pvmctules almost inappreciable except at the 
 sides) being, in consequence, although not in reality abbreviated, 
 much more transverse ; and its etytra are sharply beset, though not 
 densely so, with most minute asperated punctules — which form, 
 from being obliquely impinged, conspicuous, but diminutive, tuber- 
 cles. 
 
 The only specimens (four in number) which I have yet seen of 
 the 0. curta have been communicated by my excellent friend, the 
 Barao do Castello de Paiva, by whom they were obtained from Togo. 
 I suspect that they are from a higher region than any which I visited 
 during our late campaign ; and the structure of their anterior tibia? 
 would seem to imply that in their habits they are perhaps even more 
 retiring, or subfossorial, than the ordinary members of the genus, 
 
 Fam. 43. SCAURID^. 
 
 Genus 122. SCAURUS. 
 Fabricius, Syst. Ent. 253 (1775). 
 
 197. Scaurus variolosus, n. sp. 
 
 S. ater, subnitidus ; capite elongate, grosse longitudinaliter punctato- 
 rugoso, in fronte inaequali, epistomate parcius leviusque punctate, 
 ad latera conspicue recurve, apice vix emarginato sed paululum 
 undulate ; prothorace convexo, transverso-subquadrato, ad latera 
 sequaliter subrotundato, in limbo (praesertim basi in medio) mar- 
 ginato, profunde, dense, et argute punctate ; elytris angustulis, 
 ovalibus, tuberculis minutis granuliformibus parce irroratis, necnon 
 dense seriatim punctatis, aut fere variolosis (punctis magnis sed 
 levibus), sutura postice elevata, elytris singulis costis duabus 
 longitudinaHbus (interna antice plus minus evanescente) instructis ; 
 pedibus paulo picescentioribus, tibiis anticis intus spina robusta 
 armatis. 
 
 Mas pedibus anticis paulo longioribus, femoribus subtus spina elon- 
 gata subarcuata interna (necnon ssepius altera obsoleta angvdiformi 
 externa) armatis, tibiis arcuatis. 
 
 Fcem. pedibus anticis paulo miniis elongatis, femoribus subtiis sjiina 
 breviore (tamen robusta) et rectiore armatis, tibiis rectis : elytro- 
 rum region e scuteUari plerumque magis impresso-declivibus. — 
 Long. corp. lin. 6-6|. 
 
 Habitat Fogo ; sub lapidibus in aridis inferioribus, mox supra Porto 
 da Luz, sat copiose repertus. 
 
 . The present /SVrn<vi(,«> was taken by Mr. Gray and myself, at a low 
 
PEDINIDiE. 179 
 
 elevation iu Fogo — from beneath stones ou the top of the dry 
 basaltic cliflPs immediately above the Porto da Luz ; and it is espe- 
 cially interesting as being the only member of the genus ■which has 
 hitherto been detected in any of these Atlantic archipelagos. Apart 
 from the two raised costse down each of its elytra, and the robust 
 spine of its anterior femora (both of which are almost generic cha- 
 racters), it may be known by its strongly and sharply punctured 
 prothorax, and by its elytra (which are rather narrower than is 
 usual for the Scauri) being sparingly besprinkled with small granu- 
 liform tubercles, and densely crowded with large but shallow punc- 
 tures, or varioles, which are disposed in longitudinal rows. Its head 
 is very uneven, and coarsely roughened ; and its epistome is much 
 recurved at the sides, and minutely undulated (though scarcely 
 emarginate) in front. 
 
 Fam. 44. PEDINID^. 
 
 Genus 123. CENOSCELIS (nov. gen.). 
 Corpus lineari-oblongum ; epistomate antice integro tnxncato, ocuUs 
 lateralibus, transversis, paulo arcuatis sed integris (nee a genis 
 divisis) ; prothorace subquadrato, postice elytrorum latitudine, an- 
 gulis posticis rectis (nee productis, nee in foveam elytrorum hu- 
 meralem receptis), subtus inpropleuris obsolete striguloso ; scutello 
 sat magno, triangulari-scutiformi ; prosterni loho (inter coxas 
 anticas) subito desiliente, sed ad apicem ipsum porrecte prominulo ; 
 mesosterno antice late et obtuse excavate ; loho abdominal i (inter 
 coxas posticas) angusto, rotundato-triangulari; elytrisliheris; alls 
 distinctis, sed hand amplis. Antennce apicem versus gradatim in- 
 crassatae, art" 2''° brevi, 3"° paulo elongato. Lahnim corneiun, 
 transversum, antice rotundatum sed in medio paulo truncatum. 
 Mandibulce cornese, validee, apice bidentataj, intus profunde si- 
 nuatae et in medio lacinia coriaceji pubescente auctxe. Maxillce 
 breves, lobis dense pilosis, interno apice unco subcurvato corneo 
 instructo. Paljn maxillares elongati, art° I'"" subconico, 2^° elon- 
 gato gradatim clavato, 3"° breviore, ult° magno securiformi : la- 
 biales ad basin exteniam liguloi (corneae, concavae, bUobae) sur- 
 gentes, art" l"" subflexuoso, 2^° longiore apicem versus latiore, 
 3''° latissimo, subhorizontali, supra planato tabeUato elongato- 
 ovaH, subtus convexo. Mentum parvum, corneum, obtriangulare 
 basi truncatum. Pedes ad basin haud valde distantes ; tibiis ante- 
 rioiibus (praesertim in sexu masculo) arcuatis, anficis in sexu 
 masculo intus per dimidiam partem apicalem subito et recte auc- 
 tis et biciliatis, margine interno (inter cilia) guttaeforrai concave ; 
 ta^'sis in utroque sexu simplicibus, subtus dense pilosis, posticis 
 art" l""" longissimo lineari, 2^° et 3*'" (praesertim hoc) brevibus. 
 A Keios, cavus, et (rueXis, tibia. 
 
 x2 
 
180 PEDINID^. 
 
 So far as I am able to judge from the sjmopsis given by Lacor- 
 daire, the insect for which I have established the present genus 
 "would probably enter into his group " Platyscelides " of the Pedi- 
 nidce — its eyes (though somewhat arcuate) beiug entire, or not 
 divided into two portions by the dilated edges of the clypeus, and its 
 cpistome being straightly truncate in front. Moreover the sexual 
 peculiarities of the front tibiae (although not quite the same as in 
 Platyscells:) would still further tend perhaps to point out its affinities. 
 
 Unfortunately I have no Platyscelis for comparison ; but, judg- 
 ing from the published diagnoses, the Cape Yerde insect appears to 
 differ from it in many important particulars — the more conspicuous 
 of which are probably its comparatively large scutellum and deve- 
 loped wings (as in the true Tenehrionidce), its small and obtrian- 
 gular mentum, its simple tarsi in both sexes, its more approximated 
 posterior coxae, the elongate first joint of its hind feet, and (above 
 all) the marvellous structure of the enlarged terminal one of its 
 labial palpi. This last is most peculiar — being subhorizontal (or 
 placed nearly at right angles to the remainder), extremely flat on 
 its outer surface, which is somewhat oval, but convex on the under- 
 side. Its four anterior tibise are curved, particularly in what I con- 
 clude to be the males ; and in that sex the front pair are increased 
 (or widened) internally throughout rather more than their apical 
 half by, as it were, a straightened additional piece. This broader 
 portion, consequently, shapes out at its commencement a kind of 
 angle with the basal (or narrow) part of the tibia ; and (not being 
 laterally compressed) its two edges, which are furnished with short 
 cilia, are separated from each other by a hollow groove, or channel, 
 — a structure which obtains in many of the Rhynclwphora. 
 
 198. Cenoscelis tibialis, n. sp. 
 
 C. lineari-oblonga, nitida, nigra ; capite prothoraceque dense sed 
 vix profunde punctulatis, hoc transverso-quadrato antice paululum 
 angustiore, ad latera sat grosse marginato, utrinque ad basin (im- 
 marginatam) ssepiiis obsolete foveolato ; elytris profunde punc- 
 tate- (aut fere crenato-) striatis, in interstitiis minute punctu- 
 latis ; antennis (praesertim ad basin) pedibusque paulo picescen- 
 tioribus. 
 
 Mas tibiis anterioribus sensim magis arcuatis, anticis intus ut supra 
 indicatis. — Long. corp. lin. S^-SI. 
 
 Habitat S. lago, et Brava ; inter quisquilias atque sub lapidibus in 
 intermediis cditioribusque degens. 
 
PHYLACID^. 181 
 
 Apart from the structural characters (of tibiae &c.) above alluded 
 to, the present insect may be recognized by its rather narrow, linear- 
 oblong outline, black hue, and shining, somewhat densely punctu- 
 lated surface. The elytra (in addition to their minute interstitial 
 punctules) are deeply and coarsely crenate-striated. Its prothorax 
 is transverse-subquadrate, with the hinder angles right angles, and 
 about as broad posteriorly as the base of the elytra. It was first 
 detected by Mr. Gray, during 1864, at a high elevation on the moun- 
 tains in Brava — in which island we both met with it subsequently, 
 in considerable abundance : and we likewise found it at S'" Catha- 
 rina, as well as in the Orgaos ravine, in the interior of S. lago. It 
 occurs beneath stones and decaying vegetable refuse, preferring 
 places which are somewhat damp. 
 
 Fam. 45. PHYLACID^. 
 
 Genus 124. MELANOCOMA (nov. gen.). 
 
 Corpus magnum, elongato-ovatum, dense rugoso-scolpturatum, bre- 
 viter pilosum ; epistomate valde bilobo (sc, autice profunde emar- 
 ginato), clypeo ante oculos (laterales, antice emarginatos) rotun- 
 dato-exstante ; prothorace transverse, antice vix emarginato, pos- 
 tice bisinuato ; scuteUo sat magno, transverso, semieirculari- 
 triangulari ; alls nullis ; prosterni loho horizontali, postice cras- 
 siusculo et paulo producto ; mesosterno antice late et leviter 
 concavo; loho ahdombudi (inter coxas posticas) rotundate qua- 
 drato ; abdominis segmentis 1™° et 2'^° in medio leviter longiludi- 
 naliter impressis, 4'° brevi. Antennce capitis prothoracisque 
 longitudine, apicem versus vix incrassatae, art" 2*^° brevi, 3"° valde 
 elongato. Labrum corneum, crassum, rotuudato-quadratum, ad 
 latera rotudatum, apice profunde emarginatum et ibidem qaasi e 
 laminis duabiis eff'ormatum, lobis ciliatis. Mandibidce validissime 
 (sed haud maguse), corneae, crassce, triangulares, apice inflex^e et 
 obtuse bifidas, intus in medio fissa?, coriacese. MaxiUarum lobis 
 setoso-pubescentibus, inferno ad apicem fortiter uncinato. Pal- 
 porum arf ulV^" in maxiTlaribus magno securiformi, in Jahiallbus 
 obovato. Mentuni corneum, rotundato-quadratum, basi paulo an- 
 gustatum, apice integrum, angulis anticis rotuudatis. Ligida 
 brevis, apice paulo emarginata et longissime ciliata. Pedes elon- 
 gati ; tibiis dense setulosis, anticis versus apicem vix reliquis 
 latioribus. 
 A fieXas, niger, et Kofir], pilus. 
 
 In the structure of their mouth most of these cognate forms 
 are nearly similar ; but, in spite of that, the present genus is un- 
 
182 PHYLACID.E. 
 
 questionably distinct from Trichostermim — to which it is neverthe- 
 less allied. The only member of it hitherto detected is larger 
 than the Tnchosterna, with its elytra more rounded behind the 
 middle (and, therefore, more narrowed in front), — altogether more 
 depressed, more densely and roughly sculptured, everywhere pubes- 
 cent (though particularly on the elytra), with its limbs relatively 
 longer, and with the anterior tibice slenderer (they being scarcely 
 more widened than the remaining four). Its presternum also is 
 more horizontal, more thickened (and produced) posteriorly, and 
 less pilose ; and its abdominal lobe, between the hinder coxse, is 
 squarer. 
 
 199. Melanocoma vestita, n. sp. 
 
 31. elongato-ovata, depressiuscula, atra, ubique breviter et parce 
 pilosa (pilis in elytris erectis) ; capite prothoraceque dense, pro- 
 funde et rugose punctatis, hoc ad latera (argute marginata) in 
 medio rotundato, basi marginato et bi- (vel fere tri-)sinuato, 
 angulis posticis acutiuseulis ; scutello dense ruguloso ; elytris 
 antice angustioribus et ibidem prothoracis latitudine, pone 
 medium paido rotundatis, striatis et in interstitiis grosse denseque 
 tuberculato-asperatis ; antennis pedibusque longiusculis et (prse- 
 sertim his) dense setoso-pubescentibus. — Long. corp. lin. 7|-8. 
 
 Habitat Fogo; sub lapidibus in iuferioribus intermediisque rarior, 
 una cum Trichosterno. 
 
 This large Melasome is at once remarkable for its elongate-ovate 
 outline, its depressed, roughly sculptured, sparingly pwSesceni surface, 
 for its limbs being rather elongate, and for its elytra (the short pile 
 on which is erect) being narrowed anteriorly (where they are of the 
 same breadth as the base of the prothorax), somewhat rounded be- 
 hind the middle, and coarsely asperated between their striae with 
 densely-set tubercles. Its head and prothorax are closely and deeply 
 punctured. It appears to be very rare, and confined (so far as 
 hitherto observed) to Fogo — where I met with it, beneath stones, at 
 the Monte Nucho and Pico Pires. It occurs, however, in the lower 
 districts likewise ; for Mr. Gray obtained the mutilated remains of 
 it on the top of the basaltic sea-cliffs immediately above the Porto 
 da Luz. 
 
 Genus 125. TRICHOSTERNUM. 
 
 Wollaston, Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 205 (1861). 
 
 Coipus sat magnum, fere oblongum ; epistomate profunde bUobo, 
 dypeo ante oculos (laterales, antice valde emarginatos) rotundato- 
 exstante ; prothorace transverse, antice leviter emarginato, postice 
 
PHYLACID.*:. 183 
 
 bisinuato; saitello sat magno, transverse, semicirculari-triangulari; 
 alis nullis ; prosterni loho subhorizontali, valde setoso ; mesosterno 
 antice late et leviter concavo ; loho ahdominali (inter coxas posticas) 
 I'otundato ; abdominis segmento 4'° brevi. Aiiteymce, instrumenta 
 cibaria eipedes fere ut in Melanocomd, sed tibiis anticis magis ro- 
 bustis, latioribus, interdum ad angulum externum conspicue am- 
 pliatis. 
 
 This genus, so universal throughout the Cape Yerdes, may be said 
 to represent in that archipelago Hadrus of the Madeiran Group ; but 
 it has no analogue in the Canaries. It is indeed very near to Hadrus — 
 from which it mainly differs in its setose and sharply margined pro- 
 sternal lobe, less bald surface (at any rate towards the sides of the 
 elytra), and more robust limbs, the anterior tibise especially being 
 more conspicuously widened. The structure, too, of its upper Hp and 
 mentum is not quite the same as in Hadrus ; and its scutellum is 
 rather more triangular, or less abbreviated. The Trichosterna seem 
 to be truly endemic in the Cape Yerde archipelago, occiu-ring in every 
 island which has yet been explored ; but the three species from the 
 more northern islands (of S. Antao, S. Yicente, and S. Mcolao) belong 
 to a somewhat larger, and sHghtly different, type from the one which 
 permeates the three southern islands of S. lago, Fogo, and Brava*. 
 
 200. Trichostenmm tenebricosum. 
 
 T. oblongo-ovatum, convexum, nigrum, siibopacum ; capite grosse 
 punctato ; prothorace (prsesertim in disco) minus grosse subaspe- 
 rato-punctato, adlateragranulato-rugoso,angulis posticis acutius- 
 culis ; scutello dense ruguloso-punctato ; elytris minute et parce 
 asperato-tuberculatis, distincte et late sed vix profunde striatis (aut 
 sulcatis) interstitiis obtuse convexis, versus utrumque latus jiarce 
 et suberecte fulvo setosis; antennis pedibusque piceis. — Long. 
 Corp. lin. 6-7. 
 
 Phylax validus, Dej. (iued.). 
 
 Caragonia canariensis, Reiche (ined. ?). 
 
 Opatrum tenebricosum, Erich., in Wiegm. Archiv, ix, 246 (1843). 
 
 Trichosternimi striatum, Wall., loc. cit. 206 (1861). 
 
 Habitat S. Yicente ; sub lapidibus ab ora maritima usque ad summos 
 montes ascendens. 
 
 This is the common Tricliosternum in S. Yicente, where it is locally 
 
 * Concen:ing the affinities of Trichosferman, LacorJaire, to whom (in 1861) 
 I forwarded the T. tenehricosxim for liis opinion, wrote as follows : — " Get insecte 
 est nouveau ; il rentre dans les Opatrides du groupe des Pk^lacides, on il doit 
 former un genre particulier parmi ceux qui ont les yeux incompletement divises. 
 Je le placerais par consequent imniediatcment avant les Hadrus." 
 
184 PHYLACID/E. 
 
 abundant (beneath stones) from the sea-level to the tops of the moun- 
 tains. Although quite as large as the melanarium, it is relatively a 
 trifle shorter and thicker, and has its elytra conspicuously, though 
 obtusely, sulcatcd, and (in imrubbed specimens) studded towards 
 either side with longer robust setae. Its scutellum is more densely 
 sculptiu-ed ; and its whole surface is often a good deal incnisted with 
 a kind of earthy deposit, which causes it to look less black than it 
 really is. It appears to have been taken by everybody who has col- 
 lected in S. Vicente — including Mr. Miller, Mr. Fry, Captain Hutton, 
 Mr. Gray, the Rev. Hamlet Clark, the Rev. R. T. Lowe, and myself; 
 and it was obtained from thence by the Barao do Castello de Paiva. 
 It has long been known in European collections under the MS. name 
 of " Phylax validus, Dej. ;" and I have received it from Paris as the 
 '* Caragonia canariensis, Reiche ;" but even if the latter had been 
 published (which, I believe, it has not), it would stiU be absolutely 
 necessary to change the specific title — the insect having nothing what- 
 ever to do with the Canarian Group, and indeed being confined to the 
 single island of S. Vicente even at the Cape Verdes*. 
 
 201. Trichosternum melanarium. 
 
 T. oblongo-ovatum, nigrum, subopacum ; capite grosse punctato ; 
 prothorace (prsesertim in disco) minus grosse j)unctato, ad latera 
 granulato-rugoso, angulis posticis acutis ; scuteUo parce ruguloso- 
 punctato ; elytris minute et parce tuberculatis, fere striis carenti- 
 bus (sc, oculo armato, striolis iudistinctis tenuibus, interdum sub- 
 undulatis et laxe subpunctatis, longitudinaUter notatis) ae paulo 
 transversim rugulosis, versus utrumque latus parce, breviter et 
 suberecte subnigro setulosis ; antennis pedibusque piceis. 
 
 Variat elytrorum striis vel omnino, vel solum alternis, obsoletis, in- 
 terstitiis vel simplicibus vel obsoletissime (vix perspicue) subele- 
 vatis. — Long. corp. lin. 5|-7. 
 
 Opatrum melanarium, Erich., in Wiegm. Archiv, ix. 246 (1843). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao ; praeeipue in intermediis editioribusque occurrens. 
 
 Obs. — Species T. tenebricoso plerumque subangustior minusque 
 crass a ; prothorace subdensius punctato, angulis (prajsertim pos- 
 
 * Tins is only another instance of the miserable want of accuracy, as regards 
 hahifat, which has been indicated in the material received by me at various 
 times from Paris. Nearly every Canarian species hitherto communicated has 
 been labelled " Teneriffe;"' and it would really seem as if they were not aware 
 that there are seven large islands in the Canarian archipelago, differing widely 
 from each other in their respective faunas, and that Teneriife is only owe of 
 them. Pernicious however as this practice is of specifying & parficnlar locality, 
 for which there is no kind of evidence ( — instead of mei'ely asserting the island- 
 Group), it is absolutely nothing to the citing of a wTong archipelago, and then 
 applying a trivial name as though to stereotype the very error itself! 
 
VHYLACIDM. 185 
 
 ticis) acutioribus ; scutello minus crebre sculpturato ; elytrisque 
 hand aut vix striatis (sc. striolis teniiibiis siibobsoletis, lit supra 
 indicatum est, notatis), necnon versus latera setulis brevioribus ac 
 minus fulvis adspersis. 
 
 The T. melanarium is the universal Tricliosternuni in S. Antao ; 
 and, as in the case of the Oxycara peculiar to that island, it is per- 
 haps a little more variable in its exact sculpture than any of the others 
 hitherto detected. It seems to occur principally in the intermediate 
 and higher elevations, and was taken by Dr. H. Dohrn in the northern 
 districts, and by Mr. Gray and myself in the Eibeira Fria, the Eibeira 
 das Patas, &c., of the interior. On the average, perhaps, it is (rela- 
 tively) a little more elongate, and less thickened, than the last species ; 
 and, from being less covered with a scaly deposit, it has the appear- 
 ance of being blacker. Its prothorax is, if anything, a trifle more 
 densely (and sometimes more Hghtly) punctured, and has its angles, 
 particularly the hinder ones, usually rather more acute ; its scutellum 
 is less closely sculptured ; and its elytra are nearly free from striae. 
 The surface of the latter, however, varies within narrow limits, and 
 probably presents some slight modification for almost every locality 
 in which the species is found. Occasionally there are obscure traces 
 of longitudinal sulci (or, which amounts to the same thing, of very 
 faintly elevated interstitial Hues) ; but in most instances these are 
 quite absent. At times a few exceedingly fine, thread-like stricB are 
 appreciable, along which we may often detect some elongate, remote, 
 ill-defined pimctules ; and in this latter case the striae have rather a 
 ivaved appearance. At others the alternate ones only of these last- 
 mentioned striae are clearly distinguishable, the remainder being sub- 
 obsolete. The surface of the elytra is generally a little wrinkled 
 transversely, and its minute and distant granules are perhaps 
 still smaller (or less raised) than those of the tenebricosum ; 
 and the suberect hairs, or setae, towards the sides, are considerably 
 shorter. 
 
 I am satisfied that the present Tiichosternum is conspecific with 
 
 the Opatrmn melanarium of Erichson, — the late Dr. Schaum having 
 
 communicated to me types of the latter (as well as of the 0. tenebn- 
 
 cosum)*. 
 
 * I need not repeat here what I have stated concerning the Oxycara hege- 
 teroides and pcdinoides ; for the present Trichosternum and the T. tenebricosum 
 are so unmistakeably endemic in the Cape Verde archipelago, and indeed so 
 confined to their respective islands (S. Antao and S. Vicente), that it would be 
 absurd to infer (on account of their having been enumerated amongst Erichson'.s 
 supposed " Angolan " Coleoptcra) that they have anything whatever to do with 
 Angola. 
 
186 PHYLACID.E. 
 
 202. Trichostemum nicolense, n. sp. 
 
 T. praecedenti simile, sed prothorace paululiim angustiore, multo le- 
 vins sciilpturato (punctulis miiioribus et asperatis, discalibus fere 
 obsoletis, aut })otiiis in granula imbi-icata mergentibus), angulis 
 (prajsertim posticis) minus productis ; clytris versus latera setis 
 fulvescentibus sensim longioribus (ut in T. tenehricoso) obsitis ; 
 pedibus densius setosis, setis magis fulvescentibus. — Long. corp. 
 lin. 5-6. 
 
 Habitat S. Nicolao ; in montibus excelsis a Dom. Gray et Rev"*" R. 
 T. Lowe sub lapidibus copiose captum. 
 
 It is not impossible that this Trichostemum may be but a permanent 
 insidar modification, peculiar to S. Nicolao, of the last species ; but 
 if that be the case we should almost be compelled to admit that the 
 tenebricosum was, in like manner, a S. Vicente phasis of the same 
 type. Such a conclusion, however, would be purely conjectural ; and 
 as the three forms in question are most readily distinguishable from 
 each other, and can never be confounded (on account of each having 
 its own island for a habitat), I think it would be most unwise, in the 
 absence of aU evidence for a solution of the problem, to attempt to 
 unite them. 
 
 The T. nicolense was taken, beneath stones, by Mr. Gray and the 
 Rev. R. T. Lowe, in February 1864, towards the summit of Monte 
 Gordo, in S. Nicolao ; and it appears to have been most abundant, for 
 Mr. Gray informs me that he has seldom met with any insect in such 
 absolute profusion. It differs from the meJanarmm in its prothorax 
 being usually a trifle narrower, with the angles (particularly the 
 hinder ones) less porrected and acute, and with the punctures re- 
 duced, especially on the disk, to a comparatively diminutive size — 
 and (from being obliquely impinged) taking the form rather of im- 
 bricated granules, or minute asperated wrinkles. The suberect hairs 
 with which it is studded on either side are longer (indeed almost as 
 long as in the tenebricosum), and the setse of its legs are both more 
 dense and more fulvescent. 
 
 203. Trichostemum granulosum, n. sp. 
 
 T. breviter et obtuse oblongum, nigrum, opacum, et setulis brevissi- 
 mis fulvescentibus ubique, sed praesertim versus latera, parce irro- 
 ratum; capite prothoraceque grosse et rugose tuberculato-punctato- 
 asperatis, epistomate a clypeo distincte separato, prothorace ad 
 latera ajqualiter rotundato ; scutello dense mguloso-punetato ; 
 elytris ubique densissime granulosis granulisque paulo majoribus 
 parce obsitis, necnon punctis levissimis obsoletissimis (vix obser- 
 
opatridjE. 187 
 
 vandis) interdum irroratis, plus minus evidenter tenuissime sub- 
 punctulato-striatis, interstitiis rarius subconvexis ; antenuis pedi- 
 busque piceis, his dense setosis, tibiis anticis robustis et ad apicem 
 externum in angulum magnum exstantem sublamelliformem 
 ampliatis. — Long. corp. lin. "i— 5|. 
 
 Habitat S. lago, Fogo, et Brava ; in iaferioribus intermediisque vul- 
 gare. 
 
 This is the universal Trkliosternum of S. lago, Togo, and Brava ; 
 and, although varying a Uttle within narrow limits, I cannot see that 
 it presents any permanent modifications (for the several islands) of 
 sufficient importance to be worth recording. It is a smaller and more 
 oval (or shortly-oblong) insect than the preceding three ; its head and 
 prothorax are densely roughened with imbricated tubercles (occasioned 
 by coarse punctures being obliquely impinged, so as to be lost, or con- 
 fused, by the asperated anterior edges) ; its elytra are closely and 
 minutely granulose, and very dehcately and lightly marked with sub- 
 punctulated striae ; and its anterior tibiae are relatively more robust 
 — their external apex being produced into a large, triangular, some- 
 what compressed or lamelhform, outwardly-directed tooth. Its pro- 
 thorax is about as wide as the elytra, and regularly rounded at the 
 sides, and its entire surface is besprinkled (more evidently so towards 
 the edges) with exceedingly short, suberect, fulvescent setae. It oc- 
 curs at low and intermediate elevations, especially the latter, and was 
 taken by Mr. Gray and myself in the three islands to which I have 
 above alluded. From Togo it has also been obtained by the Barao 
 do CasteUo de Paiva. 
 
 Fam. 46. OPATRID^. 
 
 Genus 126. OPATRUM. 
 Fabricius, Syst. Ent. 76 (1775). 
 
 (Subgenus Gonocephalum, Mids.) 
 
 § I. Ocidi antice genis prof uncle secti : tarsi in utroque sexu siniplices. 
 204. Opatmm patruele. 
 
 0. alatum, paraUelo-oblongum, dense fulvo squamoso-pubescens ; 
 capite rugoso-punctato et tuberculato, genis ante oculos valde am- 
 pliato-exstantibus, subangulatis ; prothorace argute sed baud dense 
 tuberculato (tubercuhs prima facie pimcta simulantibus), ad latera 
 subaequahter rotundato, postice vix angustiore, postice in medio 
 plus minus evidenter oblique biimpresso ; elytris profunde punc- 
 
188 orATKID.lC. 
 
 tato-striatis,in iiiterstitiisgranulis minutis (punctula simulantibus) 
 parce irroratis. 
 Variat plus minus lutoso tectum. — Long. corp. lin. 4|-vix 6. 
 
 Opatrum patruele (JDef.), Urich., in Wieqm. Archiv, ix. 248 (1843). 
 , Woll., Ami Nat. Hist. vii. 204 (18G1). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente, S. Nicolao, S. lago, Fogo, et Brava ; sub lapidibus 
 in aridis (soepius inferioribus) bine inde copiosissime congregans. 
 
 This large and parallel Opatrum — which may be further known by 
 its broad and prominent yence, by its prothorax being more or less 
 evidently marked behind A^ith two oblique, shallow, central impres- 
 sions, and by its surface being often a good deal incrusted with brown- 
 ish, mud-like scales — appears to be extremely abundant in the Cape 
 Verde archipelago, where we maj" expect that it will be ascertained 
 ultimately to be universal. It occurs for the most part in arid spots 
 of a low elevation, especially towards the coast, and was taken by Mr. 
 Gray and myself in S. lago, Fogo, and Brava, and by Mr. Gray (on 
 previous occasions) in S. Vicente and S. Nicolao. In S. Vicente it 
 has been likewise captured by Mr. Miller and Mr. A, Pry. 
 
 I have little doubt" that the present Opatrum is the 0. patruele, 
 described in Erichson's Paper on (supposed) " Angolan " Coleoptera ; 
 and if so, it is stated by him to occur likewise in Senegal. It is ex- 
 ceedingly close to my 0. lutosum, which abounds in the eastern islands 
 of the Canarian Group ; but it is on the average a good deal larger, 
 ^-ith its elytra a little more coarsely punctate- striate, and with its 
 gence (or the dilated edges of its clypeus) perhaps a trifle broader and 
 more prominent*. 
 
 § II. Oculi antice genis valde profunde secti (fere divisi): tarsi 
 secundimi sexum diversi. 
 
 205. Opatrum clavipes, n. sp. 
 
 0. alatum, parallelo-oblongimi, dense subfulvo squamoso-pubescens ; 
 capite rugoso-pimctato et tuberculato, genis juxta ociilos obtusius 
 minusque exstantibus, rotundatis ; prothorace argute et dense tu- 
 berculato, aequali, ad latera subaequahter rotundato, anguHs ipsis- 
 simis posticis fere subprominulis ; elytris profunde punctato-stria- 
 tis, in interstitiis granulis minutis (punctula simulantibus) parce 
 irroratis. 
 
 * If the Opatrum described above should prove hereafter to be distinct from 
 "Erichson's pafruele, I would then propose for it the name of Jutulentuin\ for, as 
 I have already given a full and formal diagnosis of it, I feel that I have a right 
 to anticipate any such contingency. 
 
OPATRID.E. 189 
 
 Mas tarsorum anticorum art" ulf"" extus in medio in lobum tubercu- 
 lifbrmem producto. — Long. corp. lin. 3^—4. 
 
 Opatrum prolixum ?, Erich., in Wiegm. Arch. ix. 248 (1843). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, S. lago, Fogo, et Brava ; in locis simi- 
 libus ac prascedens, sed multo rarius. 
 
 In its parallel outline and genei'al sculpture this Opatrum has much 
 in common with the preceding one ; but in other respects it is totally 
 dissimilar. Thus it is considerably smaller and rather less convex, 
 its prothorax is more densely tiibercled, and its eyes are still more 
 deeply cut (indeed almost divided) by the gense — which consequently 
 appear (when viewed from above) to be carried along the outer mar- 
 gin of the eye to quite its middle point, and to be also more rounded 
 (or less prominent and anguliform) than is the case in ih.e patruele. 
 But its main peculiarity (and it is an extremely anomalous one) con- 
 sists in the terminal joint of the two front tarsi of its male sex, which 
 is curiously developed on its outer side into a large central tubercle or 
 node. It is a structure altogether unprecedented in any Coleopterous 
 form which I have hitherto seen — and one moreover which is so ex- 
 traordinary that, did it not exist (without any appreciable variation) 
 in all the males (nine in number) which are now before me, I might 
 have been disposed to regard it as the result of some abnormal deve- 
 lopment, or monstrosity. 
 
 The 0. clavipes appears to be quite as widely spread as ihepatruele, 
 and to be found in much the same places — beneath stones in hot, arid 
 spots of a low (but sometimes intermediate) altitude. I have taken 
 it in S. Vicente, S. lago, Fogo, and Brava ; and it was found by Dr. 
 H. Dohrn in S. Antao, and by Mr. Gray and Mr. Miller in S. Vicente ; 
 whilst from Fogo it has lately been received by the Barao do Castello 
 de Paiva. 
 
 Judging from the diagnosis, I think it is not at aU improbable that 
 this Opatrum is the 0. prolixum — described amongst Erichson's sup- 
 posed " Angolan " Coleoptera ; for although I formerly received from 
 Schaum two examples of the/oZZowin*/ species as Erichson's ^:)ro7?a'M??2, 
 I suspect that there was some error in Schaum's identification, and 
 that the prolixum is far more likely to be referable to ih.Q present one. 
 With this uncertainty, however, it would be extremely rash to adopt 
 for it actually the name of p)rolixum (particularly since Eriehson 
 makes no mention whatsoever of its few distinctive features, one of 
 which is truly anomalous) ; but I mention th.ejJossihilit>/, in the event 
 of Erichson's tjrpes being at any future time accessible for comparison. 
 
190 OPATRID^. 
 
 If it should turn out to be the prolivum, I may add that the species 
 is stated by Erichson to occur likewise in Senegal and Egypt. 
 
 206. Opatrum Mspidum. 
 
 0. alatum, elongato-oblongum, antice vix subattenuatum, dense et 
 grosse griseo squamoso-pubescens (sed rarius lutosum) ; capite 
 grosse punetato, genis juxta oculos (magnos) obtuse augustissime- 
 que exstantibus, vix rotundatis ; prothorace dense et rugose pune- 
 tato, aequali, ad latcra minus rotimdato, antice subangustiore, 
 angulis acutis ; elytris profunde pimctato-striatis, in interstitiis 
 crebre transversim rugulosis punctulisque minutissimis (segerrime 
 observandis) parce irroratis. 
 
 Mas tarsorum intermediorum art" 1"° subtus retrorsum pectinato- 
 setoso. — Long. corp. lin. Sg-Sg. 
 
 Opatrum tomentosum, Dej., Cat. ((5dit. 3) 214 (1837). 
 
 hispidum, Bridle, in Webb et Berth. (Col.) 68 (1838). 
 
 virgatum ?, Erich., in Wiegin. A7-chiv, ix. 248 (1843). 
 
 fuscum, Woll. [nee Hei-bst\ his. Mad. 500, tab. xi. f. 1 (1854). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 156 (1857). 
 
 , Id., Ann. Nat. Hist. \\\. 204 (1861). 
 
 hispidum, Id., Cat. Can. Col. 488 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 413 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, S. Nicolao, S. lago, Fogo, et Brava; 
 longe lateque diffusum. 
 
 There is no insect more widely spread over the whole of these 
 Atlantic archipelagos than the present Ojiatrum. It has been taken 
 in the Azores, as well as in the five islands of the Madeiran Group, 
 and in the seven Canarian ones ; and we may be pretty sure that it is 
 equally universal in the Cape Yerdes, it having been met with in 
 every island which has hitherto been explored. It was captured by 
 Mr. Gray and myself in S. Antao, S. Vicente, S. lago, Togo, and 
 Brava ; and Mr. Gray also obtained it (during 1864) in S. Nicolao. 
 Prom S. Vicente it has likewise been communicated by Mr. Miller 
 and Mr. A. Pry ; and in all probability it will be found to have an 
 extended African range, since it is stated by Erichson to occur in 
 Senegal and Egypt. 
 
 The 0. hispidum belongs to a slightly different type from that of the 
 two preceding species, — being rather less parallel in outline, or with 
 a faint tendency to be narrowed (instead of somewhat widened) an- 
 teriorly ; its pubescence is a little longer and coarser ; and its sur- 
 face is punctured (instead of being tuberculosc), and is seldom so 
 much incrusted with mud-like scales. Its eyes, moreover, are rela- 
 tively larger than in either of the other Opatra here enumerated ; 
 and although the genae cut very deeply into them (as in the case of 
 
OPATRID/E. 191 
 
 the clavipes), the former are still less developed, and less rounded 
 outwards — appearing, when viewed from above, as a mere narrow 
 strip extending to about the middle of the eye. There is a sexual 
 peculiarity, however, in the 0. hispklum to which I called attention 
 in the 'Ins. Mad.,' and again in my Canarian Catalogue — but 
 which I cannot see has been noticed elsewhere, or is paralleled 
 in any other species hitherto described. This consists in the first 
 joint of the intermediate feet of the males being pectinated beneath 
 with backwardly-directed bristles*. 
 
 I received examples of this Ojmtrum from the late Dr. Schaum as 
 the " 0. prolLvum,'' described in Erichson's Paper on supposed " An- 
 golan " Coleoptera ; but, judging from the diagnoses, I am almost 
 satisfied that it belongs rather to the next of Erichson's species — 
 the 0. virgatiun — and that Schaum was consequently mistaken in his 
 identification of it. But whichever of Erichson's species this one 
 may represent, it is of no importance as regards the name ; for the 
 title proposed by M. Brulle has the priority. 
 
 Genus 127. HALONOMUS. 
 
 WoUaston, Aim. Nat. Hist. vii. 201 (1861). 
 
 Corpus oblongo-ovale, obtusum, convexum ; clypeo ante oculos subito 
 rotundato-exstante ac paulo elevato, epistomate antice profixnde 
 emarginato, oc»?('s later alibus, emarginatis sedhaud divisis; protho- 
 race transverso, basi coleopterorum latitudiiie et ibidem bisinuato, 
 angulis posticis paulo productis sed baud acutis ; scuteUo magno, 
 late triangulari ; eli/tris liberis ; alis magnis ; sternis ahdominequ.e 
 fere ut in Opatro, sed loho prosternaU horizontali et paulo magis 
 producto, necnon mesosterno antice argute triangulariter excise 
 (nee mere concavo). Antennce capitis prothoracisque longitudine, 
 basi graeiles, art'^ 5 ulterioribus gradatim crassioribus. Pedes sub- 
 graciles : tihiis minute setulosis, apice breviter biealcaratis, anticis 
 vix dilatatis, sed ad angulum externum in denticulum spiniformem 
 productis : tarsis G[i£orm.ibxis, poster ioribus (sed -pTsesertim. posticis) 
 art" 1"° longiusculo. 
 
 The insect for which (in 1861) I established this genus is the Jle- 
 terophaga ovata of Dejean's Catalogue ; and its undilated anterior 
 
 * If Erichson's 0. prolixum and virgafum should be conspecific with the 
 hispidum and clavipes of this Tohime (and there is no doubt whatever that, at 
 any rate, the proHxian is identical with one of them), it is remarkable that 
 Eriehson should have entirely overlooked the anomalous tarsal peculiarity 
 which the male sex of each species possesses ! But as it is the custom of conti- 
 nental entomologists not to set-out their specimens as we do in this country, it 
 frequently happens that they never see the limbs (critically) at all when descri- 
 bing them ; so that perhaps this omission is not to be wondered at. 
 
192 OPATKID.E. 
 
 tibiae, combined with the general details of its structure, show it to 
 be a member of the " Opatrides vrais." Indeed Eriehson cited it as 
 an actual Opafrum; but it has too many discrepancies with the mem- 
 bers of that group to allow of its being united to them. Thus, the 
 Haloyiomi are not only shorter, more oval, less sculptured, and more 
 convex than the Opatra, but their legs are likewise less robust, and 
 their anterior tibiae have the outer apical angle produced into a small 
 prominent spine. Their antennae also are rather more clavate at the 
 apex, their ui)per lip is entire in front, their prosternal lobe is a little 
 more developed and less deflexed (being in fact horizontal, and at its 
 extreme point even suberect), their mesosternum is triangularly and 
 sharply cut out in the centre (instead of being simply concave), and 
 the construction of their mentum and ligula is different*. 
 
 207. Halonomus ovatus. 
 
 If. oblongo-ovalis, convexus, fusco-niger, subopacus, setuKs brevibus 
 demissis cinereis irroratus ; capite prothoraceque (praesertim illo) 
 dense et subrugulose jDunctatis, ad latera explanate recurvis et pi- 
 cescentioribus, hoc transverse, basi (coleopterorum latitudine) bi- 
 sinuato et marginato ; scutello picescente, calvo, dense ruguloso- 
 punctato ; elytris leviter subpunctato-striatis, in interstitiis obso- 
 lete subrugulosis et minute parce punctulatis ; antennis piceo-fer- 
 rugineis, ad apicem dilutioribus ; pedibus inaequaliter ferrugineo- 
 piceis, tibiis anticis ad angulum externum spiniformi-productis. — 
 Long. corp. lin. 2|-3. 
 
 Ileterophaga ovata, Be/., Cat. (edit. .3) 220 (18.37). 
 Opatrum OYntuia, Erich., in Wieqin. Archiv, ix. 249 (1843). 
 Halonomus Grajii, WolL, Atm.'Nat. Mist. \'ii. 203 (1861). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; in salinis juxta mare, necnon circa radices plan- 
 tarum in coUiculis arenosis crescentium fodiens, hinc inde vul- 
 garis. 
 
 A saline insect of a rather wide geographical range — having been 
 found in Sicily (and it will doubtless occur elsewhere throughout Me- 
 diteiTanean latitudes) and at Senegal. In these islands it has been 
 observed hitherto only in S. Vicente ; but we may expect to meet with 
 it in the eastern portion of the Group, and indeed wherever there are 
 
 * Although perfectly satisfied concerning the affinities of Halonomus, I never- 
 theless a few years ago transmitted my Canarian H. salinicola to Laeordaire for 
 his opinion; and, in reply, he wrote as follows: — "Vous avez parfaitementreconnu 
 la place de cet insecte. II appartient en efiet a ce groiipe dont j'ai parle (p. 269) 
 dans les notes relatives au genre Opatrum, en citant, comme en faisant partie, 
 V Hetero2)haga ovafa de Dejean dont vous me parlez. C'est done aussi un genre 
 nouveau du groupe des Opatrides vrais." The " note" to which Laeordaire re- 
 ferred is in the fifth volume of his • Genera des Coleopteres.' 
 
stizopidjE. 193 
 
 salt places to afford the necessary conditions for its existence. In S. 
 Vicente it is decidedly common, occurring in brackish spots to the 
 south of Porto Grande — not merely about the Salterns which have 
 been dug in the low flats behind the sea-beach, but likewise (in com- 
 pany with the Ammidium ciliatum &c.) amongst the loose sand which 
 has accumulated into hillocks around the dwarf Tamarisks, and the 
 plants of Zygophi/llum, which characterize that tract. It may be 
 known by its rather thick and obtuse body, oblong-oval outline, 
 brownish-black hue, and by the short and decumbent whitish hairs, 
 or minute setoe, with which it is everywhere besprinkled. Its head 
 and prothorax (the latter of which is subrecurved at the sides, and 
 about as broad behind as the base of the elytra) are somewhat coarsely 
 punctured, and piceous at the edges ; its elytra are very lightly punc- 
 tate-striate, with the interstices sparingly studded with diminutive 
 punctules ; its wings are largely developed ; its limbs are slender, and 
 more or less piceo -ferruginous ; audits anterior tibiae have their outer 
 angle produced into a small spiniform projection, or tooth. 
 
 The H. ovatus was taken by Mr. Gray and the Eev. Hamlet Clark, 
 in 1856, and subsequently by Mr. Fry and Captain Hutton ; and 
 during our late campaign we met with it in considerable profusion. 
 Although when describing it, in 1861, I was fuUy aware that it re- 
 presented Dejean's Heteropliaga ovata, I nevertheless did not know 
 that Erichson had (in 1843) enunciated it as an Opatrum, under the 
 trivial name given in Dejean's Catalogue, Hence it was (feeling in 
 nowise bound to any mere Catalog ue-nsime) that I proposed for it the 
 specific title of Grayii — which must of course be suppressed, Erich- 
 son's " ovatus " having the priority *. 
 
 Fam.47. STIZOPID^. 
 
 Genus 128. AMMIDIUM. 
 
 Erichson, in Wiegm. Archiv, ix. 2o0 (1843). 
 (= Eremonomus, WolL, 1861.) 
 
 Corpus breviter rotundato-ovale, convexum ; clypeo ante oculos 
 
 * Tlie H. ovatus is so closely allied to a species which I met with in great abun- 
 dance in the Canarian archipelago (namely, at the Salinas in the nortli of Lan- 
 zarote) that I cannot feel perfectly satisiied that the latter, wMch I described under 
 the trivial name oisalinicola, is more than a permanent geographical modification 
 of it. Still, since its characters (such as they are) arc always very appreciable, 
 I have not thought it prudent to regard the two as absolutely conspecific. Tlie 
 H. snlinicola differs from the ovatus in its elytra being very much moredisthictly, 
 and sliarply, puncf ate-striate, and a little less wrinkled, — in its limbs being a trifle 
 shorter, the third (and one or two following) joints of its antennre (which are 
 darker at the tip) being perceptibly more abbreviate, — in its prothorax being 
 
194 stizopidjE. 
 
 subito rotundato-exstante ac panlo elevato, epistomate antice vix 
 emarginato, ocuVis lateralibiis, cmarginatis sed baud divisis ; pro- 
 thorace valde trausverso, basi cireiter colcopterorum latitudine et 
 ibidem subsinuate truneato, angulis posticis rotundate obtusis sed 
 argute determiuatis ; scuteUo sat magno, late triangulari ; eh/tris 
 ventricosis, liberis ; alis sat magnis. Antennce capitis protbo- 
 racisque longitudine, basi graeiles, art'^ 5 ulterioribus gradatim 
 crassioribus. Lahrum submembranaccum, transverso-subquadra- 
 tum, ad latera et pra3sertim ad angiilos anticos rotundatum, apice 
 levitcr eraarginatum. Ilandibulce validce, triangulares, ad apicem 
 (saltern in una) obtuse bifidoe, intus fissoe et coriacea). MaxiUcnmm 
 lobi apice setoso-pubescentes, intermis biuncinatus. Palpi maxil- 
 lares elongati, art" ult° securiformi, lahiales filiformes. Mentum 
 transverso-quadratum, ad latera rectum, antice latissime sed baud 
 profunde emarginatum. Ligula ad basin tcgumento submembra- 
 naceo connexivo cum mento conjuncta, cornea, robusta, subcordata, 
 angulis anticis fortiter setoso ciliatis. Pedes robusti : tibiis forti- 
 ter sctulosis et muricatis, apice breviter bicalcaratis ; anticis late 
 triangulariter dilatatis, compressis, margine externo ante medium 
 profunde eroso, dentes duos magnos obtusos plus minus irregulares 
 efFormante, intus (intra apicem externum) concavis, tarsos inter 
 otium reponendos recipientibus : tarsis filiformibus, posterioribus 
 (sed proesertim posticis) art" l™" longiusculo. 
 
 I bave not the slightest doubt that the insect from which I have 
 compiled the above structural diagnosis is the Ammiclium ciliatum, 
 established in Erichson's paper on supposed " Angolan " Coleoptera ; 
 for it agrees precisely both with the generic and specific descriptions 
 of the latter ; and I have therefore suppressed the nameof J^/eJHono- 
 mus, under which I reenunciated it in 1861. 
 
 Lacordaire appears to have fallen into a slight error, or confusion, 
 concerning it ; for when I forwarded it to him, for inspection, after 
 his volume on the Heteromera had been finished, he returned it as a 
 new genus belonging to the subfamily Stizopides of the Opatridce. I 
 have no doubt that its location thereabouts is correct, and this is the 
 more probable since it was referred to the Opatridoi by Erichson like- 
 wise ; but Lacordaire (in his •' Genera ') places Ammiclium amongst 
 the Platyscelides of the Pedinidce — a step, however, which is very 
 pardonable, seeing that he distinctly records that he had only a single 
 example from which to judge. But I strongly suspect that some mis- 
 take must have arisen concerning that example which had been com- 
 municated to him as having been determined by Erichson, and that 
 it did ')iot belong to Ammiclium at all ; for, had it been a genuine type, 
 
 somewhat less deeply punctiired,— in its clypeus being a trifle less prominent im- 
 mediately in front of either eye, — .and in its body being, if anything, perhaps, a 
 little shorter and more obtuse, with the decumbent setse still more minute. 
 
stizopidjE. 195 
 
 he would not only have identified the specimens which I subsequently 
 sent to him (instead of regarding them as new), but he would like- 
 wise have come to the same conclusion about its affinities as he did 
 ■with mine — instead of assigning it to the Pedinidce. And this is still 
 further borne out by the fact that he states (amongst the " corrigenda") 
 in his Appendix that Ammidium must be removed into the Tracluj- 
 scelidce (!) and united with Anemia — a well-known group which has 
 scarcely anything in common with the careful and accurate diagnosis 
 of Ammidium as defined by Erichson. I think it is extremely pro- 
 bable, therefore, that the insect which was communicated to Lacor- 
 daire as Erichson's Ammidium was in reality my genus Pseudanemia 
 — which is taken in the same locality, and which might have been 
 accidentally confounded with it*. 
 
 208. Ammidium ciliatum. 
 
 A. convexum, fermgineitm, subnitidum, in limbo piKs griseo-cinereis 
 longe ciliatum ; capite prothoraceque dense asperato-granulatis, 
 hoc transverse, ubique tenuiter marginato, ad latera rotundato et 
 leviter explanato ; elytris ventricosis, versus humeros rotundatis, 
 subtilius parciusque granulatis (aut asperato-punctatis) setuKsque 
 brevibus demissis cinereis (interdum subhneato-interrujJtis) irro- 
 ratis ; pedibus muricatis, tibiis anticis latis, extus plus minus grosse 
 irregulariter bidentatis. — Long. corp. lin. 2-2|. 
 
 Ammidium ciliatum, Erich, , loc. cit. 2.51 (1843). 
 Eremonomus Huttoni, Woll., Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 200 (1861). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; in aridis subsalinis, et praecipue circa radices 
 plantarum in colliculis arenosismox pone oram maritimam cres- 
 centium, fodiens. 
 
 The short, rounded-oval outHne of this convex and pale-ferruginous 
 insect, combined with its somewhat asperate sculpture, the abbre- 
 viated, depressed, whitish hairs, or minute setae, with which its elytra 
 are besprinkled, the fine elongate cilia which fringe its lateral edges, 
 its roughened legs, and its broad, externaUy-bidentate anterior tibiae, 
 will readily distinguish it. It is subsaline, sand-infesting, and fos- 
 sorial in its habits — as indeed its pallid hue, ciliated sides, and the 
 
 * Ammidium appears to have puzzled others besides Lacordaire, Duval (at 
 p. 287 of his 'Genera des Coleopt.') very properly doubts the conclusion 
 arrived at by Lacordaire, that it should be united to Anemia, stating that the 
 securiform last joint of its maxillary palpi, and its various other details as enu- 
 merated in Erichson's diag^iosis, would seem to prevent its amalgamation with 
 that group. And, indeed, had Lacordaire judged also from the diagnosis only, 
 he coidd not have united it v;\i\\ Ahcmia; but on the supposition (alluded to 
 above) that he had received as Ammidium my genus Pseudanemia (which is 
 taken in company with it), and contented himself with this supposed type, instead 
 of the description, his mistake would be at once intelligible. 
 
 o 2 
 
196 traciivscelidjE. 
 
 structure of its legs -^ould at once load us to anticipate ; residing in 
 sandy places behind the sea-beach, though not generally on the actual 
 shore. Hitherto it has been observed only in S. Yicente, where it was 
 captured abundantly by myself and Mr. Gray on the hillocks of loose 
 drifted sand (al)out a mile to the south of Porto Grande) which have 
 accumulated around the various plants (particularly Zygophnllum 
 Fontanesii and the low shi'ubs of Tamarisk) which stud that arid 
 tract. We may expect to meet with it in, at all events, the opposite 
 island of S. Autao — where there are sandy spots, about a mile or two 
 to the south of Carvoeiros, which seem to afford every condition for 
 its occurrence. 
 
 A few mutilated examples of this insect were taken, in 1857, by 
 Captain F. W. Hutton, who touched at S. Yicente on his outward 
 route to Calcutta. I have already mentioned that I was induced to 
 describe them as new, through the fact of Lacordaire (to whom I sent 
 them for inspection) having failed to identify them with Erichson's 
 genus Ammklmm ; but as I am now quite satisfied that they are 
 geuerically and specifically coincident with the A. cUiatum, I have 
 suppressed the title which (in 1861) I proposed for them*. 
 
 Fam. 48. TRACHYSCELID^. 
 
 Genus 129. ANEMIA. 
 De Casteln., Hist. Nat. des Col. ii. 218 (1841). 
 
 209. Anemia crassa, n. sp. 
 
 A. oblonga, crassa, nigra (aut subpiceo-nigra), subnitida, in limbo 
 longe fulvo-ciliata ; capite prothoraceque (prsesertim iUo) dense 
 subrugoso-punctatis, epistomate profunde bilobo (lobis rotundatis, 
 obtusis, apice paululum subrecurvis),h6c valde transverse, adlatera 
 rotundato, postice gradatim angiistiore, angulis posticis obtnsis sed 
 argute determiuatis ; scutello scutifoi-mi, laevi ; elytris profundius 
 parciusque punctatis, transversim rugosis et obsoletissimc (vix per- 
 spicue) longitudinaliter substriatis ; antennis brevibus, rufo-piceis -, 
 
 * Having already been compelled to do the same in so many similar instances, 
 I need scarcely call attention to the fact that the Ammidmni ciliafum has 
 nothing to do (we may feel tolei'ably sure) with "Angola." The unfortunate 
 mistakes into which Erichson was led through a quantity of Cape Verde species 
 having been mixed up with those from Angola, and the whole having been enu- 
 merated by him as coming from the latter locality, has resulted in a series of 
 geographical misrepresentations which, having been once published, it will be 
 difficult ever to neutralize. The Ammidium eiUatvm (although totally un- 
 known in collections) is invariably cited as an Angolan insect, and perhaps 
 such will always be the case ; yet there is no reason to suspect that it has ever 
 yet been taken except in the single island of S. Yicente. 
 
TRACHYSCELID.E. 197 
 
 pedibus robustis, piceis, tibiis anticis latissimis extus fortiter biden- 
 tatis, posterioribiis extus iiijequalibus, versus basin dente spiniformi 
 armatis et ad apicem in alterum multo majorem productis. — Long. 
 Corp. lin. 3|. 
 
 Habitat S. Yicente, S. Nicolao, S. lago, etFogo; sub lapidibus in in- 
 ferioribus intermediisque, rarissima. 
 
 Apparently very rare, though widely distributed over the archi- 
 pelago, occurring at low and (I believe, more particularly) interme- 
 diate altitudes. I have seen but four examples of it hitherto,— one 
 of which 1 captiu-ed on the summit of a rounded hill in S. Vicente, 
 about a mile from Porto Grande, another (dead) in S. lago (in the 
 palm-grove adjoining the eastern outskirts of the Villa da Praia), and 
 a third at the Monte Xucho iu Pogo ; whilst the foiu-th was taken by 
 Mr. Gray in S. Nicolao. It is found beneath stones, and appears to 
 be solitary in its habits, — a single specimen residing in a small hole, 
 or excavation, into which its powerfully dentate fossorial tibiae enable 
 it to burrow. 
 
 The A. crassa may be known by its thick, obtuse, and parallel-ob- 
 long body, black (or somewhat piceous-black) hue, and by its coarsely 
 punctured surface — the punctures being rather larger, and more re- 
 mote, on the elytra than on the head and protborax. , Its pro thorax 
 is rounded anteriorly, but rather straightened and narrowed behind, 
 Avith the basal angles obtuse but sharply defined ; its edges are 
 ciliated withlong,fulvescent hairs; audits legs are extremely robust — 
 the front tibiae being greatly dilated and powerfully bidentate exter- 
 nally, whilst the four posterior ones are veiy uneven along their outer 
 edge, armed with a spiniform tooth towards their base, and produced 
 into a large but somewhat irregular one at theii' apical angle. 
 
 210. Anemia denticulata, n. sp. 
 
 A. pra5cedente multo minor et angustior, omnmo subtilius sculpturata, 
 prothorace adlatera paulo magis rotundato, moxante angulos pos- 
 ticos sinuato, quare angulis ipsissimis posticis acute prominulis, 
 denticuliformibus (nee obtusis), pedibus (specimine nostro muti- 
 late) uon obviis. — Long. corp. lin. 2g. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao; in loco quodamvalde exeelso (" Campo Radondo" 
 dicto) semel tantum, in statu mortuo, reperta. 
 
 I met with a single example (dead and partially mutilated) of this 
 Anemia, beneath a stone, on the Campo Padondo — a very elevated 
 ridge, on the mountains, in the interior of S. Antao ; and, fortunately, 
 it is so well defined by the shape of itsprothorax. that I can have no 
 
198 TRACHYSCELID^. 
 
 doubt as to its being totally distinct from the preceding species. In its 
 habits, too, it will probably be found to possess a higher range. It is 
 considerably smaller and narrower than the A. crassa, and altogether 
 less coarsely sculptured ; and its prothorax is rather more rounded at 
 the sides (or less straightened posteriorly), and sinuated, or somewhat 
 scooped out, immediately in front of the hinder angles — which latter 
 arc, in consequence, acute and almost denticuUform (instead of being 
 obtuse). As its limbs are broken, I cannot tell whether there would 
 be any additional character in the armature of its tibise. 
 
 Genus 130. PSEUD ANEMIA. 
 
 Wollaston, Cat. Can. Col. 492 (1864). 
 
 Corpus et instrumenta ciharia fere ut in Anemia, sed corpore minore, 
 breviore ; prothorace postice rotundato, angulis fere oblitcratis ; 
 oculorum parte superiore minore, valde demissa ; ejjistomatis lobis 
 sensim magis angulatis ; palpis lahialilms\on§\ov\h\\s,; necnon «n- 
 tennis certe 10- (nee ll-)articulatis, cZava 4- (nee 5-)articulatis. 
 
 The present genus was established, in my Cauarian Catalogue, for 
 the reception of an insect (captured on the sandy shores of Lauza- 
 rote) which does not appear to be specifically distinct from the one 
 described below. In its general sculpture and contour, as well as 
 in the formation of its robust fossorial legs, and the elongate ful- 
 vescent pile with which it is fringed at the edges of its body, it 
 might be regarded at first sight as almost identical with Anemia ; 
 but the remarkable fact that its antennae are composed, without 
 doubt, of only ten articulations, and of its club being 4- instead of 
 5-jointed, would of themselves sufiice to separate it from that 
 group. As adjuncts however to this primary feature, I may men- 
 tion that it is much smaller, and relatively shorter, than the 
 Anemice ; its prothorax has the posterior angles rounded ofi" (instead 
 of sharply defined) ; the upper division of its eyes (and indeed its 
 entire head) is less developed ; the lobes of its epistome are more 
 anguliform ; and its labial palpi are longer. Its antennae and feet 
 are much abbreviated, its vsdngs are large and powerful, and its 
 elytra (in addition to the elongate cilia at the sides) have a few 
 thick but fragile hairs scattered over their surface*. 
 
 * As I had but a single example, from which to judge, when compiling my 
 Canarian Catalogue, I stated that the elongate cilia which fringe the edges of 
 the body in Anemia are absent in the present genus. This appears however to 
 be untrue, for they are quite as much developed as (perhaps even more than) in 
 that group. The fact is, they are easily destroyed ; and in specimens which are 
 old and worn it sometimes happens that there are no traces of them left. I may 
 
phaleriadjE. 199 
 
 211. Pseudanemia brevicollis. 
 
 P. brevissime oblonga, rufo-ferruginea, subnitida, in limbo longe 
 fulvo-ciliata ; capite protboraceque (praesertim illo) dense et trans- 
 versim ruguloso-punctatis, epistomate profuude bilobo (lobis an- 
 gulatim subrotundatis, apice pauliilum siibrecui-vis), hoc brevi, 
 valde transverse, ad latera rotundato, angulis posticis rotuudatis, 
 fere obliteratis ; sciiteUo scutiformi, laevi ; elytris profuudius par- 
 ciusque asperato-punctatis, transversim riigosis et obsolete longi- 
 tudinaliter substriatis, pilis paUidioribus fragilibus parce irroratis ; 
 antennis tarsisque brevibus, piceo-testaceis ; femoribns tibiisque 
 panlo picescentioribus, tibiis anticis latissimis, extus fortiter bi- 
 dentatis (dente apicali obtnsissimo), posterioribus extus inoequali- 
 bus, versus basin dente brevi lato anguliformi armatis, et ad 
 apicem in alterum multo longiorem productis. — Long. corp. lin. 
 vix2^. 
 
 Pseudanemia brevicollis, TFoZ/., Cat. Can, Col. 493 (1864). 
 Habitat S. Vicente, et S. lago ; in aridis inferioribus, proesertim 
 arenosis, rarissima. 
 
 I took a single specimen of this rare insect on the sandy hillocks 
 in S. "Vicente, about a mile to the south of Porto Grande, and 
 another (at an equally low elevation) in S. lago — in the palm- 
 grove which adjoins the eastern outskirts of the Villa da Praia. 
 Its strongly toothed, fossorial tibiae and the elongate hairs with 
 which it is fringed at the sides of its body at once indicate its bur- 
 rowing, sand-infesting habits; and we may therefore expect to 
 meet with it more abundantly, when searched for iu the proper 
 places and in the vicinity of the shore. The example which I cap- 
 tured, originally, in the Canarian Group was, in like manner, found 
 on a sandy slope (in the island of Lanzarote) immediately behind the 
 sea-beach. 
 
 Fam. 49. PHALERIAD^. 
 
 Genus 131. PHALERIA. 
 
 Lati-eille, Hist, cles Crust, et Ins. iii. 162 (1802). 
 
 The second of the two species described below is so much more 
 
 parallel and elongate than the ordinary Phalerice that, until inspecting 
 
 it recently with considerable care, I did not recognize it as a Phaleria 
 
 at all ; but I am unable to detect a single structural difference of suflS- 
 
 mention, also, that Lacordaire records the antennal club of Anemia as 4-articu- 
 late ; but to me it certainly appears to be composed, most distinctly, of five 
 joints — as distinctly so, indeed, as that of Pseudanemia is made up of only four, 
 I perceive, however, that Duval figures the antenna correctly. 
 
200 PIIALEKIAD.E. 
 
 cient importance to warrant its separation from that group. It is 
 true that its mesosternum is longer than what is normal, and that its 
 wings are largely developed ; but the latter character obtains equally 
 in the P. Clarlcii, which could not be looked upon as anything but a 
 genuine PTuderia. Indeed, after examining carefuUy their oral organs, 
 and their various other details, it is impossible not to regard the 
 Clarl-il au(\ j)a)'alhla as members of the same group; and since the 
 former of them is manifestly a Phaleria, I conclude that the latter 
 must be so likewise. 
 
 I may add however that both of these Phalerice recede a little from 
 the more northern members of the genus — not only in being power- 
 fully winged and rather less convex, but also in their eyes (which are 
 less cut-into anteriorly by thegense) and scutellum being somewhat 
 larger, and in their antennae being a trifle less abbreviated and com- 
 pact, with the third joint more appreciably longer than the following 
 one ; and although the paraUela is much the more elongate and pa- 
 rallel of the two, yet even the ClarTcii (so unmistakeably a Phaleria) 
 is a JittJe more oblong and depressed than is commonly the case. 
 
 Both Duval and Lacordaire regard the want of lateral cilia as one 
 of the most important distinctions of the Phalerice ; but some of the 
 species, although not so conspicuously fringed as the members of the 
 TrachysceUdce, have their cilia extremely apparent, whilst even in the 
 others we can generally detect some short and distant marginal setse. 
 The P. himaculata, which occurs in Portugal, the Azores, and the Sal- 
 vages, my ciliata from Porto Santo, and the ornata from the Canaries, 
 are most distinctly fiu^nished with these side-bristles. The absence 
 or presence of wings, although distinctive of the species, seems to be 
 no generic character at all ; so that Lacordaire, who describes the 
 group as winged, and Duval, who affirmed it to be apterous, are both 
 of them equally in error. 
 
 212. Phaleria Clarkii. 
 
 P. oblongo-ovata, dei3ressiuscula, subopaca (sc. subtilissime alutacea) 
 punctulisque minutissimis (aegerrime observandis) oculo fortiter ar- 
 mato irroratis ; capite prothoraceque saturate rufo-testaceis, illo 
 paulo distinctius punctulato, hoc brevi, sat parvo, coleopteris sub- 
 angustiore, antice sensim angustato, ad latera leviter rotundato, 
 angulis posticis obtusiusculis, basi utrinque foveola brevi longitu- 
 dinaliter impresso ; coleopteris testaceis, macula magna discali 
 transversa sublunata nigi'a ornatis, leviter et tenuissime subpunc- 
 tulato-striatis, interstitiis depressis, in limbo minute et parce cilia- 
 tis ; tibiis anticis apicem versus latis. 
 
 Var. /3. Prothoracis disco postico suffuse, elytrorumque regione sou- 
 
PHALERIAD^. 201 
 
 tellari ac suturse parte antica (una cum macula discali junctis) dis- 
 tincte nigresceutibus. 
 Var. y. Capite prothoracisque disco sufiuse, elytrisque (limbo paUi- 
 diore, et interdum humeris, exceptis) distincte nigresceutibus. — 
 Long. Corp. lin. 2^3. 
 
 Phaleria Clarkii, Woll, Ann. Kat. Hist. xx. 605 (1857). 
 , Id., ibid. vii. 246 (1861). 
 
 Habitat S. Yicente, S. lago, et Togo ; in arenosis, praecipue sub re- 
 jectamentis, juxta mare fodiens. 
 
 This beautiful Phaleria will probably be found to be universal 
 throughout the Cape Verde archipelago, if searched for in sandy places 
 along, and near, the shores ; but hitherto it has been observed only 
 in S. Vicente, S. lago, and Togo — in which three islands I met with 
 it during our late cruise. In the first and second of them it was cap- 
 tured likewise by Mr. Gray ; but it had been previously obtained by 
 him and the Rev. Hamlet Clark, during December ] 856, as well as 
 by Mr. A. Fry, in S. Vicente. Although remarkably constant in its 
 general proportions and minutely alutaceous finely sculptured sur- 
 face, it is extremely variable in colour ; for, whilst what I have re- 
 garded as the normal state is usually altogether pale with only a large 
 black sublunate patch in the centre of its elytra, in other examples 
 (" var. /3") the hinder prothoracic disk is more or less clouded, and the 
 elytra have a triangular portion at their base and the anterior half of 
 their suture (confluent with the medial fascia) additionally black ; 
 whilst in others the greater part of the head and prothorax is infus- 
 cated, and the black markings of the elytra are suifused over their en- 
 tire surface — with the exception of the pallid margin, and sometimes 
 the shoulders. The paler specimens are principaUy found in S. Vi- 
 cente, the intermediate ones in S. Iago,andthe darkestof all ("var.y ") 
 in Fogo. 
 
 213. Phaleria parallela, n. sp. 
 
 P. parallelo-oblonga, depressiuscula, saturate testacea, immaculata, 
 nitida, pimctuhs minutissimis ^gerrime observandis (oculo fortiter 
 armato) irrorata ; prothorace longiore, trausverso-subquadrato, 
 postice ad latera rectiore, angulis posticis subrectis, basi utrinque 
 foveola brevi longitudinaliter impresso; coleopteris pro thoracis cir- 
 citer latitudine, subparallelis, profunde subcrenato-striatis, inter- 
 stitiis couvexis, in limbo calvis ; tibiis anticis apicem versus latis. — 
 Long. Corp. Un. 3-3|. 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente, S. lago, et Brava ; in locis similibus ac prsecedens. 
 The comparatively parallel outline, and shining, pallid, immaculate 
 
202 VLOMIUM. 
 
 surface of this elongate and peculiar Phaleria, combined with its 
 much less abbreviated and posteriorly more straightened prothorax 
 (the hinder angles of which are nearly right angles), its deeply striated 
 elytra, and its convex interstices, will at once distinguish it. It 
 appears to be as widely spread over the archipelago as the P. ClarTcii, 
 though perhaps somewhat rarer, occurring in much the same kind of 
 places — beneath rejectamenta, on, and near, the sandy shores. I have 
 taken it at Porto Grande in S, Vicente, near the Yilla da Praia in. S. 
 lago, and at the Porto da Furna in Brava — in the first of which lo- 
 calities it was found likewise by Mr. Gray. 
 
 Fam. 50. ULOMIDJE. 
 
 Genus 132. PSEUDOSTENE. 
 WoUaston, A)m. Nat Hist. vii. 247 (1861), 
 Genus in coUectionibus cum Triholio conjunctum, sed a Triholiis (i. e. 
 femiglneo et madente) species hujus generis toto coelo recedunt. 
 Non solum fossores sunt (per oras maritimas arenosas sub confervis, 
 vel in locis valde salinis, degentes), prothorace midto majore antice 
 lato basi hand sinuate clypeoque ad latera minus elevate necnon ad 
 apicem rotundato (hand emarginato), sed lobo prosternali majore 
 crassiore sublineari-angusto (neo spatuhformi), mesosterno in me- 
 dio profundi us et argutius triangulariter excise, mandibulis ad api- 
 cem brevius bifidis [apex coUateralis nisi oculo oblique baud obser- 
 vandus], mento apice late emarginato, ligula recte truncata, maxil- 
 lanim lobo externo multo longiore elongato-ovato loboque interne 
 breviore magis curvato inarmato, antennis lenius incrassatis (clava 
 5-, nee 3-, articulata), art° basilari multo longiore et valde cur- 
 vato, et praecipue tibiis dilatioribus, anticis latissime compresso- 
 dilatatis. 
 
 214. Pseudostene angnsta. 
 
 P. angusto-linearis, picea, nitida, calva ; capite dense punctato-rugu- 
 loso, clypeo ddutiore, ante oculos obtuse rotundato et vix exstante ; 
 prothorace majusculo, subconvexo, antice gradatim latiore, ad la- 
 tera obHque subrecto, angulis posticis obtusis sed parum argute de- 
 terminatis, (prsesertim in disco postico) multo profundius parcius- 
 que punctate, basi utvinque obsoletissime (vix perspicue) et minute 
 foveolato ; elytris paralleHs, parce transversim rugulosis, leviter 
 punctato-striatis punctisque vix minoribus in interstitiis subuni- 
 seriatim notatis ; antennis pallide fermgineis ; pedibus piceo-fer- 
 rugineis, tibiis anticis apicem versus late compresso-dilatatis. — 
 Long. Corp. lin. circa 2. 
 
 Pseudostene angusta, Woll., loc. cit. 249 (1861). 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; in sahnis et arenosis juxta mare, rarior. 
 
 Found in saline places, in the vicinity of the shore, and hitherto 
 
VLOMIDJE. 203 
 
 only in S. Vicente ; though, when the proper localities are searched, 
 we may expect to meet with it in the other islands likewise. A 
 single example of it was taken originally by the Rev. Hamlet Clark, 
 during his day's sojourn at S. Vicente (in company with Mr. Gray), 
 in December 1856 ; and it was again met with, though very spa- 
 ringly, by Mr. Gray and myself, during our late cruise. It resides 
 not only beneath marine rejectamenta on the beach itself, but also in 
 saline places generally (such as the edges of the Salterns), and even 
 — along with Halonomus and Ammidium — on the small hillocks 
 (adjoining the coast) of loose drifted sand, into which its broadly 
 compressed anterior tibiae enable it to burrow. It may be known 
 by its narrow, linear outline, its rather largely developed and ante- 
 riorly widened pro thorax (which is somewhat obliquely straightened 
 at the sides, and deeply punctured, especially on the disk), and by 
 its elytra being parallel and very lightly punctate-striate, with their 
 interstices sparingly besprinkled with punctures which are hardly 
 smaller than those contained in the striae. 
 
 The P. angusta is so nearly allied to a species which I took (in 
 similar, saline places) in Lanzarote, one of the eastern islands of the 
 Canarian Gaoup, that it is not altogether impossible that the two 
 may be but permanent geographical states of a single plastic form. 
 Even if this, however, should be the case, the name of angusta would 
 still have to be adopted — the Canarian fossoria being enunciated in 
 a footnote (and therefore secondarily, as regards position) in my 
 paper above referred to on Cape Verde Coleoptera. But I should 
 rather be inclined to regard them as distinct ; for there seems to 
 be a small cluster of species, of this particular type closely resem- 
 bling each other, and yet differing in many minute (even structural) 
 particulars ; and a thii'd, which I possess from Egypt, would stiU 
 further tend to strengthen this hypothesis. The Canarian species 
 recedes from the P. angusta in being altogether appreciably broader 
 and blacker, with its prothorax (which is somewhat more coarsely 
 punctured) slightly wider anteriorly and less straightened at the 
 sides (which causes the hinder angles to be just perceptibly more 
 obtuse, or less sharply defined), with its genae, if anything, perhaps, 
 less prominent in front of either eye, with its scuteUum a little 
 more acute (or angular) at the apex, with its elytra not quite so 
 parallel, and a trifle more coarsely sculptured, and with its two 
 hinder tibiae somewhat less slender towards their base*. 
 
 * The Egyptian P. subclavata is nearer, I think, to the Canarian species than 
 to the Cape Verde one, and might perhaps safely be regarded as a slight geo- 
 
204 ULOMID^. 
 
 Genus 133. TRIBOLIUK 
 
 MacLeay, An7i. Javan. 47 (1825), 
 
 215. Tribolium fermgineum. 
 
 Tenebrio ferrugineus, Fah., Spec. Lis. i. 324 (1781). 
 Tribolium fermgineum, WoU., Ins. 3Iacl. 491 (1854). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 151 (1857). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 496 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 420 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. lago; ad nuees Jatrophce aridas in oppido ipso ** Villa da 
 Praia " a Dom. Gray deprehensum. 
 
 The almost cosmopolitan T. fermgineum — so liable to dissemina- 
 tion, through the medium of various articles of commerce, over the 
 civilized world — appears to have established itself in the Cape Verde 
 archipelago, as it has in the Madeiran and Canarian Groups. No 
 doubt it will be found to be pretty general, when searched for in the 
 warehouses and towns ; nevertheless the only specimens of it (six 
 in number) which I have seen hitherto were taken by Mr. Gray in 
 S. lago — off some bags of dried Physic-nuts {Jatroj^ha curcas) which 
 had been brought from the interior to the Villa da Praia. 
 
 Genus 134. GNATHOCERUS. 
 
 Thuuberg, Act. Holmiens. 47 (1814). 
 
 216. Gnathocerus cornutus. 
 
 Trogosita cornuta. Fab., Ent. Syst. Sttppl. 51 (1798). 
 Cerandria cornuta, Woll., Ins. Mad. 490 (1854). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 151 (1857). 
 
 Guatliocerus cornutus, Id., Cat. Can. Col, 496 (16G4). 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 420 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; circa domos, in granariis et C£et., ex alienis 
 certe introductus. 
 
 I took a specimen of this common European insect in S. Vicente 
 crawling on the outer wall of Mr. Miller's storehouse at Porto 
 Grande. There can be little doubt that it will be found pretty 
 generally throughout the Group ; for the fact of its occurring at all 
 is almost sufficient to ensure that, like most of these imported 
 species, it merely requires to be searched for in the proper places — 
 
 graphical modification of the former. Indeed it seems to differ from the Lan- 
 zarotan fosRuria, merely, in having the ulterior joints of the antenna; a little 
 more thickened, and its prothorax perhaps somewhat more largely developed 
 and with less evident traces of the two minute basal fovea;. 
 
ULOMID^, 205 
 
 about the houses and granaries — in order to be obtained. It has 
 established itself, in like manner, in the Madeiran and Canarian 
 archipelagos. 
 
 Genus 135. HYPOPHL(EUS. 
 Fabricius, Skrivt. af Natur. Sehk. (1790). 
 
 § I. Epi stoma parvum, (\ fronts arcuatlm' separatum. Ocnli minores 
 (tamen sat magni). Scutellum valde transmrsum. Elytra pygi- 
 diumomnino {yd fere omnino) teyentia. 
 
 217. Hypophlceus ficicola, n, sp. 
 
 H. linearis (vix subfusifonnis), rufo-ferrugineus, subnitidus ; capite 
 prothoraceque dense punctulatis, epistomate antiee rotundato et 
 una cum elypeo paulo elevato ; prothorace subquadrato, postice 
 gradatim paulo angustiore, ad latera et postiee tenuiter marginato, 
 angulis antieis paululum porrectis, posticis argute siibrectis ; elytris 
 subfusiformi - parallelis, tenuiter striato-punctatis punctulisque 
 minutissimis in interstitiis subuniseriatim notatis ; antennis bre- 
 vibus, fusifonnibus, valde conipaetis, piceo-testaceis(apice ipso pal- 
 lidiore); pedibus brevibus, rufo-testaceis, tibiis gracilibus. — Long. 
 Corp. lin. 1^-vix 1|. 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; sub cortice Fici cujusdam laxo emortuo, in inter- 
 mediis, parce lectus. 
 
 A small and rufo-ferruginous Hypophlceus, which may be known 
 by its narrow, parallel outline, short antennae, densely punctulated 
 head and prothorax, and very transverse scutellum. It is appa- 
 rently scarce, the only examples of it (five in. number) which I have 
 yet seen having been captured by myself in the interior of S. lago 
 — namely under the loosened bark of a large native fig-tree (proba- 
 bly the Fieus yuineetisis, Miq.) which had recently been felled in the 
 Ribeira dos Orgaos*. 
 
 218. Hypophlceus subdepressus. 
 
 H. prascedenti similis, sed paulo major et latior ; elypeo magis ele- 
 vato ; oculis subgrossius granulatis ; capite prothoraceque vix ob- 
 scurioribus, hoc sensim majore, quadratiore, ac magis profunde 
 (praesertim versus latera) punctate ; scutello sublatiore ; elytris 
 (etiam ad basin tenuiter marginatis) vix profundius sculpturatis ; 
 
 * The H. ficicola is ratber larger and broader than the Canarian ff. euphorbia, 
 with its antennae relatively shorter, its scutellum a trifle larger and wider, its 
 prothorax more developed anteriorly, and its elytra more coarsely sculptured 
 and a little less fusiform. It is perhaps nearer to the Madeiran H. ambigiais, of 
 which it might almost be regarded as a geographical state; but its prothorax 
 and the last joint of its antennas are both of them appreciably longer, and there 
 are other slight deferences of a more trivial kind. 
 
206 ULOMIDiE. 
 
 antennis siibcrassioribiis ; tibiisque (proesertim anticis, magis ro- 
 buste calcaratis) paulo latioribus. — Long. corp. lin. 1|. 
 
 Hj-pophlceus subdopressus, JVoll., Cat. Can. Col. 499 (1864). 
 , Id., Col. Atl. A-2-2 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; in intermcdiis semel tantum repertus. 
 
 The single example from which the above comparative diagnosis 
 has been drawn out, and which does not appear to me to differ spe- 
 cifically from one which I captured in Fuerteventiira of the Canarian 
 Group, was taken by myself in the interior of S. lago — I think, at 
 San Domingos ; and it certainly possesses too many characteristics 
 of its own to allow of its being referred to the preceding species. 
 Thus it is a trifle larger and wider than thejicicola, its clypeus is 
 considerably more elevated at the sides, the lenses of its eyes are 
 appreciably coarser, its head and prothorax are a shade darker in 
 hue, the latter is a little squarer and more developed (particularly 
 in front), as well as more deeply punctured (especially towards the 
 sides), its scutellum is perhaps somewhat broader, its elytra are, if 
 anything, more distinctly sculptured, and narrowly bordered even at 
 their base (at any rate towards the humeral angles), its antennae are 
 somewhat thicker, its tibiae are less slender, particularly the anterior 
 ones, and these last are more powerfully spurred at their inner apex. 
 
 § II. Ejpistoma magnum, elongatum, dfronte suhrecte separatum. Oculi 
 magni. Scutellum scutiforme. Elytra pygidio breviora. 
 
 219. Hypophlceus longicoUis, n. sp. 
 
 H. angustus, cylindrico-linearis, nitidus ; capite prothoraceque ni- 
 gris, sat dense punctulatis, epistomate antice recte truncato et una 
 cum clypeo baud elevato ; prothorace elongato, apice subclavato, pos- 
 tice gradatim angustiore, ad latera et postice tenuiter marginato, 
 angulis anticis rotundatis, posticis ipsis subrectis ; elytris angustis, 
 cyHndricis, rufo-castaneis (interdum versus latera suffuse subob- 
 scurioribus), minute sequaliter punctidatis (punctuhssubseriatimdis- 
 positis, et seriebus alternis in lineis tenuibuslevissimis obsolete dispo- 
 sitis); pygidio subnigro; antennis crassis,fusifonnibus, piceo-ferru- 
 gineis; pedibus longiusculis,piceo-testaceis,tibiislatiusculis, anticis 
 ad apicem externum spinulaparva annatis. — Long. corp. lin. l|-2^. 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; sub cortice Fid, una cum H.Jicicola captus. 
 
 This truly indigenous and remarkable Hypophlceus belongs to 
 somewhat the same type of form as the European H. bicolor, but 
 may be known by its extremely narrow and cj'lindrical body, its 
 shining and finely punctulated surface, and by its head and protho- 
 
ULOMIDiE. 207 
 
 rax (the latter of whicli is greatly elongated, and gradually widened 
 anteriorly) being black, whilst its elytra (which are truncated behind, 
 so as to expose a portion of the dark pygidium) are rufo-castaneous. 
 Its antennae (which are fusiform and picescent) are much longer 
 and thicker, and not quite so compact, as those of the two preceding 
 species ; and its legs (which are piceo-testaceous) are also consider- 
 ably more elongate, and with their tibiae more robust — the anterior 
 pair, moreover, having their outer apical angle produced into a little 
 prominent spinule. 
 
 Several examples of the H. hngicollis were captured by myself 
 and Mr. Gray beneath the dead loosened bark of a gigantic native 
 Ficus in the Orgaos ravine, in the interior of S. lago. 
 
 Genus 136. DIACLINA. 
 
 Duval, Genera des Coleopt. iii. 296 (1863). 
 I have followed Duval in regarding this genus as unquestionably 
 distinct from Alpliitohlus, with which it has been usual to unite it ; 
 but I can scarcely believe (with him) that it should be removed far 
 enough from the latter to be placed in the adjoining family of the 
 Dmperidce ; for its affinities seem to me most unmistakeably with the 
 Alplutohii. But from Alphitohins proper it is at once separated 
 (apart from all minor characters) by its comparatively undeveloped 
 genae, which cut but very slightly into the anterior region of the 
 eye, and by its slender legs — even the tibiae being extremely nar- 
 row, as well as unspinulose, and with their apical spurs very 
 minute. Its antennaB also are slenderer towards their base than 
 those of the AlpJiitoiii, which causes their sLx ulterior joints to 
 appear more abruptly thickened. 
 
 220. Diaclina suffusa, n. sp. 
 
 D. oblonga, depressiuscula, rufo-picea, nitida ; capite prothoraceqiae 
 sat dense et argute punctatis, iUo postice obseuriore, oculis maguis, 
 genis baud exstantibus et vix in. oculos ductis, hoc basi bisinuato 
 et ibidem coleopterorum latitudine, antice panic angustiore, angulis 
 posticis subrectis, basi fovea brevi utrinque leviter impresso ; ely- 
 tris profunde crenato-striatis, interstitiis depressis et punctulis 
 minutissimis parce irroratis, in disco communi obsolete et suffuse 
 obscurioribus ; antennis pedibusque saturate testaceis, illis ad 
 basin gracDibus, articulis 6 ulterioribus gradatim conspicue in- 
 crassatis ; pedibus gracibbus, tibiis simplicibus (nee spinulosis) et 
 calcaribus minutissimis armatis. — Long. corp. lin. 2. 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; inter quisquilias aridas ad San Domingos a Dom. 
 Gray semel deprehensa. 
 
208 VLOMlTtJE. 
 
 The single specimen from which I have compiled the above dia- 
 gnosis was taken by Mr. Gray in the interior of S. lago — by shaking 
 some dry vegetable refuse at San Domingos. It may be known by 
 its oblong outline, and slightly depressed, shining, nifo-piceous sur- 
 face, the elytra however being a Uttle clouded (or suffused) down the 
 centre of their common disk — which causes the more rufescent por- 
 tions to have somewhat the appearance, at first sight, of obscure 
 maculce, or very ill-defined blotches*. Its head and pi'othorax (the 
 latter of which is as broad behind as the base of the elytra) are 
 sharply and rather deeply puuctm-ed; its elytra are coarsely crenate- 
 striate, with their interstices flat and sparingly besprinkled with 
 most diminutive punctules ; and its limbs are slender, and of a duU 
 testaceous hue. It is rather smaller than the European D. cJuyso- 
 melina ; its sculpture is coarser ; its prothorax is relatively rather 
 less developed ; and its elytral cloud (although obscure) is more 
 confined to the central region, and does not appear to extend to 
 either edge. 
 
 Genus 137. ALPHITOBIUS. 
 Stephens, III Brit. Ent. v. 11 (1832). 
 
 221. Alphitobius diaperinus. 
 
 Tenebrio diaperuius, Kiiriel., in Panz. Fna his. Germ. 37. 16 (1797). 
 Alphitobius diaperinus, Woll., Lis. Mad. 498 (1854). 
 -, Id., Cat. Mad. Col 154 (1857). 
 
 -, Id., Cat. Can. Col 497 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col Atl 419 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. lago, et Fogo ; in domibus, cultis mercatorumque reposi- 
 toriis, ex alienis certe introductus. 
 
 The wide-spread A. diaperinus has established itself in the 
 Cape Verde archipelago, as it has in the Madeiras and Canaries — 
 and indeed throughout a large portion of the civilized world. It 
 occurs about houses and stores, and sometimes even beneath stones 
 in cultivated spots. I have taken it in S. lago and Fogo, in the 
 former of which it was captured likewise by Mr. Gray; whUst from 
 the latter it has lately been obtained by the Barao do CasteUo de 
 Paiva. 
 
 222. Alphitobius piceus. 
 
 Tenebrio mauritanicus, Fah. [nee Linn., 1767], E^it. Syst. i. 113 
 
 (1792). 
 Helops piceus, Oliv., Ent. iii. 58. 17. 22 (1795). 
 
 * Perhaps in highly-coloured examples this might be more evident, so as to 
 cause the elytra to seem (as in the European D. chrysomelina) really maculated. 
 
ULOMID^. 209 
 
 Tenebrio fagi, Pnz., Fna Lis. Germ. 01. 3 (1799). 
 Alphitobius mauritanicus, Woll.., Ann. Nat. Hist, i, 20 (1858). 
 piceus, Id., Col. Atl. 419 (I860). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente, S. lago, et Fogo ; in locis similibus ac proecedens. 
 
 T Found in much the same places as the last species, and (like it) 
 unquestionably naturalized, from more northern latitudes, through 
 the medium of commerce. It was taken by Mr. Gray and myself in 
 S. lago and Fogo, and it has been communicated from S. "Vicente 
 by Mr. Miller ; but it will doubtless occur in the other islands like- 
 wise. It may be known from the cUapennus by being a trifle nar- 
 rower and less shining, by its prothorax being relatively a little 
 broader, rounder (and more margined) at the sides, somewhat more 
 thickly punctured, and with the angles more acute, by the punc- 
 tures of its elytral interstices being larger and more numerous, and 
 by its tibiae being appreciably less widened, and almost free from 
 (even minute) spinules. Moreover, it scarcely attains quite so large 
 a stature as the diaperirms. 
 
 Genus 138. XENOGLCEUS. 
 
 Wollaston, Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 251 (1861), 
 
 Corpus sat parvum, subquadrato-oblongum, calvum ; dypeo vix 
 elevato, epistomate truncato (nee emarginato) ; prothorace raagno, 
 transverso-quadrato, antice vix emarginato, angulis posticis sub- 
 rectis, margine postico obtuse sinuato ; scutello transverso-triau- 
 gulari ; elytrorum angulis ipsis humeralibus exstantibus, acutis ; 
 alls obsoletis ; prosterno carinato (carina postice lobiformi, abrupte 
 terminata). Antennoi prothorace vix breviores, apicem versus 
 moniliformes leviter incrassata?, art" ult" subgloboso. Lahrum 
 subquadratum, postice vix angustius, antice versiis angulos anti- 
 cos rotundatum, apice truncatum, ciliatum. 3Iandibidte validae, 
 sub triangulares, ajnce incurvae acutee, intus in medio fisste coria- 
 ce?e. MaxiUarmn lohi valde pubescente, internus ad apicem 
 subito et valde inflexus incrassatus et ibidem tectiformis concavus 
 obtusus (nee unciuatus). PaJjii maxillares art" ult" maximo, securi- 
 formi ; lahiales post ligulam inserti, art" 1™" sat parvo flexuoso, 
 2^° multo crassiore subgloboso, ult" hoc multo majore subovali ad 
 apicem internum oblique truncato. Mentmn corneum, cordiformi- 
 quadratum, apice vix emarginatum. Ligida subcornea, cordata, 
 antice profunde biloba. Pedes breviuscuH : tihiis ad apicem ex- 
 ternum subtrimcatis, anticis apicem versus inflexis latiusculis. 
 
 The single specimen on which (in 1861) I founded the present 
 genus was communicated by the Rev. Hamlet Clark, as having been 
 taken in S. Vicente — during his day's sojoni'n there, in company 
 
 p 
 
210 ULOMID^. 
 
 with Mr. Gray, in December 1856 ; but as he could recall nothing 
 whatever about it, except that he had found it afterwards in the 
 same box with his other Cape-Verde species, I cannot feel altogether 
 satisfied regarding its habitat. Nevertheless, as it still remains unique, 
 and I have no absolute reason for expunging it from our list, I wiU 
 not hesitate to admit it — at anyrate until some evidence shall have 
 been gleaned to enable me to decide whether Mr. Clark was in error 
 as to its place of capture. I should add, however (as a somewhat sig- 
 nificant fact), that it was associated by Mr, Clark with two other in- 
 sects which we failed to obtain during our late cruise. Concerning its 
 structure and affinities, I cannot do better than transcribe the fol- 
 lowing note, which I gave in the ' Annals of Natural History.' 
 
 " In the extraordinary structure of its inner maxillary lobe — the 
 apical portion of which is suddenly bent inwards (at right angles to 
 the basal part), and, instead of being uncinate, is much thickened, 
 tectiform (or concave), and obtuse at its extremity, — the present 
 genus differs from every other one with which I am acquainted. 
 In its robust, subcorneous, cordate ligula, moreover, and thick, sub- 
 cordate mentum, as well as in the largely-developed securiform last 
 joint of its maxiUary palpi and the aciite and prominent humeral 
 angles of its elytra, it is well characterized. With respect to its 
 affinities, I will merely record the opinion of Lacordaire, to whom I 
 transmitted for examination the unique specimen from which the 
 above diagnosis has been compiled. ' Cet inseete,' says he, ' m'est 
 inconnu. Quant a ses affinites, eUes ne sont pas douteuses ; c'est 
 une Uhmicle, ainsi que le prouvent la forme de sa tete, de ses an- 
 tennes, de ses pattes, et surtout I'absence de trochantins aux branches 
 intermediaires. C'est un genre nouveau, qui repose sur la forme 
 geuerale du corps plutot que sur aucun caractere bien precis, et qui 
 me parait devoir etre place dans le voisinage des Peltoides, Casteln. 
 (Oojaiestus, Chevr,).'" 
 
 223. Xenogloeus politus. 
 
 X. rufo-brunneus, politus ; capite subrugose punctate, oculis antice 
 nigris ; prothorace convexo, leviter et sat parce punctulato, ad latera 
 raarginato et vix rotuudato ; elytris profiinde (praesertim postice 
 et ad latera) crenato-striatis, interstitiis minutissime remote punc- 
 tulatis, antice in disco latis depressis, postice necnon ad utrumque 
 latus angustioribus potius elevatis ; antennis pedibusque vix pal- 
 lidioribus. — Long. corp. lin. 2|. 
 Xenogloeus politus, Wull., loc. cit. 252 (1861), 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ? ; a Rev''° H. Clark ohm communicatus. 
 
(EDEMERIDM. 211 
 
 Fam. 51. (EDEMERID^. 
 
 Genus 139. DITYLUS. 
 
 Sclimidt, in Linn. Ent. i. 87 (1846). 
 
 224. Ditylus pallidus. 
 
 D. cylindrico-augustus, elongatus, pallide testaceus (ocidis, maudi- 
 bularum apice,. tibianim calcaribus, et interduiu unguiciilis, solis 
 nigris), ubiqiie crebre punctatus, neciion longe et densissime pubes- 
 cens ; prothorace subcordato, subinaequali, basi grosse marginato ; 
 palpis, antennis versus apicem tarsisque vix obscurioribus. 
 
 Variat colore omnino fuscescentiore (sed nunquam aurantiaco). — 
 Long. Corp. lin. 3-7. 
 
 Ditylus pallidus, Woll, Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 253 (1861). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; in inferioribus a Dom. Fry lectus, necnon a 
 Barone Castello de Paiva benigne communicatus. 
 
 Obs. — D. concolori, ins. Canariensium, valde affinis et forsau 
 ejus varietas geographica. Diifert colore nunquam aui'antiaco (vel 
 pallidiore, vel fuscescentiore) ac pube sublongiore et (saltern pos- 
 tice) paululum minus demissa vestitus, ocuJis vix magis promi- 
 nentibus, protborace paulo minus profunde punctato, necnon an- 
 tennarum art" 1™° subcrassiore. 
 
 A large and paUid Ditylus (most variable in size) which has been 
 taken hitherto only in S. Vicente, though, when its habits are fully 
 ascertained, we may expect to meet mth it in some of the other 
 islands also. Several specimens of it were captured by Mr. A. Fry, 
 and others have been obtained (more recently) by the Barao do Cas- 
 tello de Paiva. It so nearly resembles the D. concolor, found in the 
 Canarian Group and on the rocks of the Salvages, that I cannot feel 
 quite satisfied that it is more than a permanent geographical modi- 
 fication of that insect, though perhaps it will be safer to regard it 
 as a closely allied species of the same type. It differs from its more 
 northern representative in being almost free from the beautiful 
 orange hue which characterizes the latter — it being either very pale 
 testaceous, or else with a somewhat yellowish-brown tinge ; and its 
 pubescence is a trifle longer and not quite so depressed, at any rate 
 posteriorly. Its eyes are, if anything, somewhat more prominent ; 
 its prothorax is less coarsely punctured ; and the first joint of its 
 antennae is just appreciably thicker. Believing the Canarian species 
 to be mainly attached (at all events in its previous states) to the 
 Euphorbias, I should have concluded, from analogy, that the 
 
 p2 
 
212 MELOID^. 
 
 D. pallid US would be in a similar predicament ; but as Mr, Fry's 
 examples were taken " beneath trailing succulent plants," I imagine 
 they must have been found in the sandy district to the south of 
 Porto Grande, in which I rather think that the Euphorbias (at any 
 rate the E. Tuclceyana) do not grow. In all probability it is the 
 Zygophyllum to which Mr. Fry's note alludes ; and perhaps, there- 
 fore, it may be within the stalks of that low succulent shrub that our 
 present insect undergoes its transformations. I will add, moreover, 
 that I am not absolutely sure that even the Canarian species is ex- 
 clusively of Euphorbia-infesting habits. 
 
 Fam. 52. MELOID^. 
 
 Genus 140. CANTHARIS. 
 Geofiroy, Jfist. Ah: des Ins. i. 339 (1762). 
 
 225. Cantharis Fryii. 
 
 C. cyanea ; capite prothoraceque nitidis, illo subquadrato convexo 
 et grosse punctato, hoc parvo, parcius et etiam grossius irregula- 
 riter punctato, postice et prsesertim antice angustiore, basi grosse 
 marginato et in medio proesertim postice profunde canaliculato ; 
 elytris subopacis, indistincte et valde demisse concolori pubes- 
 centibus, densissime subtuberculato-rugulosis punctulisque minu- 
 tissimis sat crebre irroratis, lineis (aut costulis) 3 discalibus valde 
 obscuris obsoletis instructis ; antennis pedibusque paulo nigres- 
 centioribus. — Long. corp. lin. Qh. 
 
 Cantharis Fryii, Woll, Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 252 (1861). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente, S. lago, et Fogo ; hinc inde in apricis inferio- 
 ribus. 
 
 This large and cyaneous (or almost violet-blue) Cantharis seems 
 widely spread over the Cape Verde archipelago, where perhaps 
 during the proper season it would be found to be not uncommon ; 
 but as our late cruise was undertaken at an exceedingly dry time of 
 the year, we saw only the remains of it — and moreover veiy spa- 
 ringly. It may be expected to occur on flowers, in hot localities of 
 a low altitude — having been obtained (in a dead and mutilated state) 
 near the Villa da Praia in S. lago by Mr. Gray, and by myself near 
 the Porto da Luz in Fogo. The specimen however from which I 
 compiled my original diagnosis was captured by Mr. A. Fry in S. 
 Vicente, from which island a second (now before me) has been com- 
 municated by Mr. Miller. 
 
MORDELLIDiE. 213 
 
 Apart from its large size and cyaneous hue, the C. Fryii may be 
 known, by its head and prothorax (especially the latter) being shi- 
 ning and most coarsely punctured, whilst its elytra are more opake, 
 indistinctly and sparingly besprinkled with a very decumbent and 
 obscure darkish pubescence, and densely roughened with somewhat 
 tuberculiform callosities, which are intermixed with extremely mi- 
 nute punctules*. 
 
 Fam. 53. MORDELLID^. 
 
 Genus 141. ANASPIS. 
 Geofti-oy, Jlist. Abr. ties Ins. 315 (1762). 
 
 (Subgenus Silaria, Muls.) 
 
 226. Anaspis brevicomis, n. sp. 
 
 A elliptica, subopaca, rufo-testacea, creberrime transversim strigu- 
 losa pubeque brevi flavo-cinerea demissa deusissinie sericata ; jiro- 
 thoracis disco interdum paulo obscuriore ; coleopterorum sutura, 
 parte magna basali triangulari fasciaque transversa postmedia (nec- 
 non interdum apice marginisque lateralis parte anteriore) jdIus 
 minus nigrescentibus ; antennis pedibusque testaceis, illis brevibus, 
 his elongatis, tarsis gracillimis. 
 
 Yariat colore omnino pallidiore, maculis fere obsoletis. — Long. corp. 
 lin. 1-li. 
 
 Habitat Fogo; inter flores, prsesertim Echii et Euphorhice, deprehensa. 
 
 Obs. — A. Proteo, ins. Maderensium Canarieusiumque, affinis, 
 sed certe distincta ; differt corpore angustiore, minus nitido, cre- 
 brius transversim striguloso, pubeque breviore ac magis cinerea 
 densius sericato ; colore omnino pallidiore — antennis (multo bre- 
 vioribus), palpis, capite pedibusque pallidis immaculatis, — ocuUs 
 grossius granulatis, necnon tarsis gracilioribus. 
 
 A few specimens of this rather fragile little Anaspis were taken 
 by myself and Mr. Gray in the intermediate districts of Fogo, by 
 beating the blossoms of gigantic Euphorbias and Echiums at the 
 Monte Nucho. Like the A. Proteus, of the Madeiran and Canarian 
 Groups, it evidently belongs to Mulsant's genus Silaria ; but I can- 
 
 * There is a " Lytta chalybca " enunciated amongst Erichson's so-called " An- 
 golan " Coleoptera whicli may perhaps be akin to the C. Fryii. But it is de- 
 scribed as having the head and prothorax black and pubesceni (neither of which 
 is the case in our present insect), and as having the latter thickly punctured and 
 obsoletely channelled ; whereas in the Cape-Verde species the prothorax is spa- 
 ringly punctured, and impressed with an exceedingly deep channel behind. 
 
214 PEDILIDiE. 
 
 not think that the latter has any real claim to be treated as more 
 than a mere section of Anas2v's — its somewhat shorter antennae and 
 elytral epipleurae being the only points that I can detect in which 
 the members of it differ from the ordinary type. Be this, however, 
 as it may, the A. brevicornis recedes from the A. Proteus (with 
 which, in the general character of their elytral markings, liigTily- 
 coloured examples of it have much in common) in being relatively a 
 little narrower and straighter in outline, and in being less shining, 
 more densely strigulose transversely, and more thickly clothed with 
 even a minuter whitish sericeous decumbent pubescence. Then 
 (judging from the examples before me) it is of altogether a paler 
 hue, and its head and Hmbs are quite immaculate ; its antennae are 
 conspicuously more abbreviated, the lenses of its eyes are coarser, 
 and its tarsi are more slender still. 
 
 Fam. 54. PEDILIDiE. 
 
 Genus 142. PSEUDOSCRAPTIA (nov. gen.). 
 
 Corpus angustulum, elongatulum, pubescens ; capite deflexo, oculis 
 lateralibus, elongatis, demissis, antice valde profunde excavato- 
 emarginatis ; protliorace basi coleopterorum latitudine et subundu- 
 late truncato, in medio nullo modo producto (fere etiam subemar- 
 ginato), antice paulo angustiore, apice subrotundato (nee excavato), 
 angulis anticis rotundatis obliteratis ; scutello sat magno, obtuse 
 triangulari ; elytris pygidium omuino tegentibus ; mesosterno cari- 
 nato ; metasterno elongate, postice canaliculato ; ahdomine e seg- 
 mentis 6 composite, l"" brevi, ult" in penultimo fere abscondito. 
 Antennce ad oculi emarginationem insertse, longiusculse, art" 1™° 
 subclavato sed vix reliquis robustiore, 2"^° et 3"" (prajsertim illo) 
 brevibus, sequentibus longioribus, obconicis, ad latera (oculo fortis- 
 sime armato) minutissime subserratulis. Pedes basi valde approxi- 
 mati ; tibiis tarsisqne gracilibus, illis rectis, ad apicem internum 
 calcaribus duobus breviusculis subcompressis (intus minutissime 
 pectinato-ciliatis) armatis ; tarsis heteromeris, art" 1"'° in anticis 
 longiusculo sed in posterioribus longissimo, pemdtimo in anterio- 
 ribus anguste bilobo sed in posticis integro, tdtimo (unguiculis sim- 
 plicibus munito) in anterioribus gracili longiusculo, in posticis 
 brevissimo subconico,ad basin lato (sc. ibidem penultimi latitudine). 
 
 A \pevSos, mendaeium, et Scraptia. 
 
 Two specimens of the small insect fi'om which I have compiled the 
 above generic diagnosis were captured by Dr. H. Dohrn in the north 
 of S. Antao, and they are unfortunately in such a mutilated state 
 (from having been nearly destroyed by mould and mites) that I am 
 perfectly unable to examine their oral organs, or to do more than con- 
 
PEDILID.E. 215 
 
 jecture concerning their affinities. At first sight they have somewhat 
 the contour of Orcliesia, and somewhat also of Anasjyis, and even of 
 Scraptia ; and, so far as I can judge from their few parts which re- 
 main, I am inclined to suspect that they may belong to some group 
 of the PecUlidce, perhaps in the vicinity of Scraptia. But if that be 
 the case, there is certainly no genus enunciated by Lacordaire which 
 would receive them ; and I have consequently been compelled to 
 establish one on purpose, — believing that their specific characters 
 (which are quite decipherable), in conjunction with the few structu- 
 ral ones to which I have called attention, will be amply sufficient, at 
 any future time, to enable the insect to be identified (and, if needs he, 
 referred to its proper group). 
 
 In its narrow outline, deflexed head, and slender tibiae and feet (the 
 four hinder ones of which are considerably elongated) the insect in 
 question has something in common with both Orchesla and Anaspis ; 
 but perhaps its most distinctive features consist in its eyes being very 
 deeply scooped out anteriorly (behind the insertion of the antennae), 
 in its scuteUum being rather large (and obtusely triangular), in its 
 abdomen being composed (as I believe) of six segments (the first 
 being short, and the apical one nearly immersed within that which 
 precedes it), in the basal joint of its four posterior feet being extremely 
 long, in the penultimate one being narrowly bilobed in its four ante- 
 rior ones but simple in the hinder pair, and in the terminal one of 
 the latter (i. e. of the hinder pair) being anomalously shortened and 
 subcorneal — in fact, shorter than the preceding one ! Its tibial spurs 
 are not long, but tolerably robiist (being somewhat compressed, and, 
 when viewed beneath the microscope, minutely pectinated, or ciliate, 
 internally) ; its legs are closely approximated at their base, its me- 
 sosternum is slightly carinate, and its metasternum is somewhat 
 elongated. 
 
 227. Psendoscraptia dimidiata, n. sp. 
 
 P. angustula, elongatula,nitida, demissefulvo pubescens; capite pro- 
 thoraeeque fusco-testaceis, coriaceo-alutaceis et grosse imbricato- 
 asperatis (vix punctulatis) , illo paulo obscuriore deflexo, hoc im- 
 marginato, postice coleopterorum latitudine et ibidem subbisinuate 
 truncate, antice paulo angustiore, angulis anticis rotundatis obli- 
 teratis,posticisrotuudate subrectis,in disco antico subcouvexo,iutra 
 angiilos posticos late impresso ; elytris pone medium (sed an sem- 
 per?) paululum dilatatis, fusco-testaceis, dimidia parte postica 
 (sutura margiueque externo, angustissimis, exceptis) nigra, trans- 
 versim subimbricato-rugiilosis granulisque minutis asperatis par- 
 cissime irroratis ; antennis pedibusque longiusculis, illis nigrescen- 
 
210 PEDILID^. 
 
 libus (u(l basin ipsissimam paulo dilutioribus), his gracilibus fusco- 
 tcstaceis, hinc inde (prajsertim tarsis ct versus apicem tibiarum) 
 picescentioribus. — Long. corp. lin, 1^-vix 1|. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao ; a cl. H. Dohrn, M.D., parce reperta. 
 
 The two mutilated examples from which my description has been 
 drawn out were taken by Dr. H. Dohrn, at the Sellada de Garga, in 
 S. Antao, and professedly amongst Euphorbias ; but whether they are 
 in any way connected with those shrubs I have no means of deciding. 
 Apart from its narrowish, elongate outline and the various structural 
 features above alluded to, the species which they represent may be 
 known by its rather shining surface being beset with a decumbent 
 fulvescent pile, and by its head, prothorax, and elytra being of a 
 brownish-testaceous hue, but with somewhat more than the hinder 
 half of the last nearly black. This darkened portion of the elytra, 
 however, does not quite extend over the suture and outer margin, and 
 seems to be occasioned by a large blackish dash which covers most of 
 the posterior region of each elytron, and which has a tendency to be 
 produced narrowly in front (externally) towards the shoulder, parallel 
 to the lateral edge. Its antennae are rather dark ; and its legs are 
 brownish-testaceous, but more or less obscured in parts. Its protho- 
 rax is somewhat narrowed anteriorly, and not at all excavated in front, 
 but with the angles sloped off (or obliterated) ; and it is sUghtly rect- 
 angular behind (where it is about as broad as the base of the elytra), 
 but with the angles themselves a httle rounded : it is, also, unmar- 
 gined and truncate (though a trifle undulated) along its basal edge ; 
 and it has a wide, but short, fovea on either side within the posterior 
 angles. The sculpture is peculiar, though of somewhat the same 
 character as in certain ^nffsprc^fc — its surface being scarcely punctured, 
 but, particularly on the head and prothorax, roughened, or imbricated. 
 On the elytra (which are perfectly unstriate) these " imbrications " 
 are less distinct, and more like ordinary transverse wrinkles ; and 
 they are sparingly, but ev,enly, besprinkled with most minute aspe- 
 rated granules. 
 
 Genus 143. XYLOPHILUS. 
 (Bonelli) Latr., Fam. Nat. 383 (1825). 
 
 § I. Antennce longiuscidce, art" l"*" longiusculo suboblongo, 2"'" 3''"'"^ 
 seqtientibus midto brevioribus, minoribus. Oculi magni, partim 
 distantes (in maribus paido magis approximati quam in fceminis), 
 
 228. Xylophilus gravidicornis, n. sp. 
 X. ovatus, subnitidus, testaceus, sat dense demisse subcincreo 
 
pedilidjE. 217 
 
 pubesccns ; capite subnigro, minute iJimctulato ; prothorace trans- 
 verso-subquadrato postice paulo angustiore, paiilo densius profun- 
 diusque piinctato ; elytris sat profunde punctatis, pone basin 
 malleato-insequalibus ; antennis elongatis, crassis, sensim obscu- 
 rioribus (sc. pallido-ferrugineis). — Long. corp. lin. circa 1. 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; in loco quodam in&riore juxta Yilla da Praia, ad 
 flores Callotrujpidis procerce, a Dom. Gray parce lectus. 
 
 Two examples (a male and female) of this little Xylophilus were 
 captured by Mr. Gray, at a low elevation, in S. lago — by beating 
 the flowers of Callotrupis procera close to the Villa da Praia. Their 
 rather elongate antennae, the second and third joints of which are 
 minute compared with the remainder, in conjunction with their 
 large eyes (which, although somewhat more approximated in the 
 males than in the females, are nevertheless tolerably distant in 
 both sexes), show them to belong to the typical members of the 
 group. In its size, outline, and testaceous hue, the species at first 
 sight much resembles the X. pallescetis ; but, apart from the charac- 
 ters to which I have just alluded, and which remove it into a dif- 
 ferent Section of the genus, it may be known from that insect by 
 its head being black, its pubescence appreciably coarser and less 
 dense, its antennae thicker (as well as more elongate), and its punc- 
 tation deeper — particularly on the elytra (which are likewise a trifle 
 more ovate, or rounded behind the middle). 
 
 § II. AntenncB breviores (capitis prothoracisque circiter hnr/itudlne), 
 art' 1""* vix! elonr/ato ovali, 2''" 3'"'que sequentihus longitudine sub- 
 (equalibus. Oculi minores, in utroque sexu valde distantes. (Phy- 
 tobaenus, SaJdb.) 
 
 229. Xylophilus pallescens. 
 
 X. subovatus, subnitidus, testaceus, densissime et minutissime sub- 
 cinereo sericatus ; capite fere impunct.ito ; prothorace transverso- 
 subquadrato postice paulo angustiore, minutissime punctulato ; 
 elytris paulo distinctius (tamen minute) punctulatis, pone basin 
 leviter malleato-ina^qualibus ; antennis brevibus, vix obscuriori- 
 bus. — Long. Corp. lin. 1-1|. 
 
 Xvlophilus pallescens, Woll, Ins. Mad. 588, tab. xiii. f. 3 (1854). 
 
 — , Id, Cat. Mad. Col. 167 (1857). 
 
 , Id, Cat. Can. Col. 526 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 440 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. lago, Fogo, et Brava ; inter quisquilias atque in 
 cultis, late sed parce diffusus. 
 
 This totally paUid XTjlophilus, which is found within the cidtivated 
 
218 ANTHICID>«. 
 
 districts of the Madeiran and Canarian Groups, is widely spread over 
 the Cape Verde archipelago — where we may expect that it will be 
 ascertained to be universal. It is decidedly scarce, however — occur- 
 ring amongst decayed vegetable refuse at most altitudes, though more 
 particularly at intermediate and rather lofty ones. Indeed it may 
 often be taken on the wing, about gardens and other cultivated 
 grounds. I captured it at Tarrafal, as well as towards the head of 
 the Ribeira das Patas, in S. Antao, at San Domingos and S'* Catha- 
 rina in S. lago, at the Monte Nucho in Fogo, and at the Povoagao in 
 Brava. Apart from its entirely testaceous hue and abbreviated an- 
 tennae (the second and third joints of which, however, are not so short, 
 relatively, as is the case in the last species), it may be known by its 
 extremely delicate punctation, by the remarkably fine and minute 
 sericeous pubescence with which it is densely clothed, and by its ej'es 
 (although sufficiently large) being smaller than those of the gravidi- 
 cornis, and widely distant from each other in both sexes. 
 
 Fam. 65. ANTHICID^. 
 
 Genus 144. ANTHICUS. 
 Paykull, Fna Suec. i. 253 (1798). 
 
 230. Anthicus floralis. 
 
 AntHcusfloralis, -Fai., S>/st. Eleu. i. 29 (1801). 
 
 , Woll, Cat. Mad. Col. 104 (18-57). 
 
 ,Id., Cat. Can. Col. 517 (1804). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 443 (1805). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. lago, et Fogo ; hinc inde inter quisquilias. 
 
 The common European A. floralis — which has become widely dis- 
 tributed (probably through human agency) over the world, and which 
 occurs in the Madeiran and Canarian Groups — has established itself 
 in the Cape Yerde archipelago, where we may expect that it will be 
 found to be imiversal. It occurs, though sparingly, amongst vege- 
 table refuse, and was taken by Mr. Gray (at a high elevation in the 
 Ribeira das Patas) in S. Antao, by myself (at San Domingos and S'* 
 Catharina) in S. lago, and by both of us (near the Porto da Luz) in 
 Fogo. I need scarcely point out its distinctive characters ; suffice it 
 to add that its somewhat robust body, its shining, sharply-punctured 
 surface and black colour — the hinder part, however, of the prothorax 
 and the anterior portion of the elytra being more or less brightly suf- 
 fused with a rufo-testaeeous tint — combined with its rather largo, 
 subquadrate head, its irregular, or maUeatcd, subbasal elytral iraprcs- 
 
ANTHICID^. 219 
 
 sions, the diluted hue of its limbs (or at any rate of the tibiae, tarsi, 
 and antennas), and the excessively diminutive pubescence with which 
 it is sparingly besprinkled, will at once serve to separate it from the 
 other Antliici here enumerated. It varies somewhat in colour — the 
 entire prothorax being often rufesccnt, and occasionally even the head 
 likewise. The state in which the latter peculiarity obtains is com- 
 paratively rare, but most of my Fogo specimens are in that predica- 
 ment. 
 
 231. Anthicus crinitus. 
 
 A. elongatus, nitidus, parce, grosse et suberecte cinereo pilosus ; ca- 
 pite majusculo, subquadrato-ovali, longe pone oculos subtruncato 
 et, una cum prothorace, parcissime punctato (postice in medio fere 
 impunctato), nigro-piceo, postice saspe dilutiore, hoc subcordato, 
 basi tenuiter constricto, lajte rufo-ferrugineo ; elytris densius et 
 valde profunde punctatis, nigris, singulis macula magmx obliqua 
 mox pone basin (stepius partem basalem fere obtcgente) et altera 
 parva subpostica suturali, rufo-testaceis, ornatis; antennis pedibus- 
 que elongatis, saturate testaceis, illis versus apicem tarsisque \'ix 
 obscurioribus, femoribus versus apicem picescentibus. 
 
 Varied (prtesertim in ins. S. Antdo) prothorace subnigro, et (rarius) 
 elytrorum macula postica ceutrali obsoleta. — Long, corp.lin. 11-1|. 
 
 Anthicus crinitus, La Fertr, Man. des Anth. 204 (1848). 
 
 , Woll, Cat. Mad. Col 105 (1857). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 518 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl 444 (1805). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, S. lago, et Brava ; sub quisquiliis in 
 inferioribus iutermediisque, late sed vix copiose diffusus. 
 
 An Anthicus which is widely spread over northern and western 
 Africa, and which occurs (though not very abundantly) both in the 
 Madeiran and Canarian Groups. In the Cape Verde archipelago it 
 is by no means common, though at the same time so generally distri- 
 buted that we may expect it to be found universally. It occurs, 
 beneath vegetable refuse, from the sea-level (where it may often be 
 captured even in brackish spots) to a high altitude on the mountains, 
 and was taken by Mr. Gray and myself in S. AnttXo and S. lago, and 
 by myself in S. Vicente and Brava. My S. Antao specimens are 
 from Tarrafal and the head of the Ribeira das Patas, and the S. lago 
 ones from the Villa da Praia, San Domingos, the Ribeira dos Orgaos, 
 and S** Catharina ; and I met with a single example near Porto 
 Grande in S. Vicente, and with another at the Porto da Furna in 
 Brava. In the north of S. Antao it was obtained likewise by Dr. H. 
 Dohrn. 
 
 The A. crinitus maybe known by its head (which is squarish-oval 
 
220 ANTHICID.K. 
 
 and very sparingly punctured) being more or loss black, by its pro- 
 thorax (on which the punctures are a little more dense) being usually 
 mfo-ferruginous, whilst its elytra (which are very deeply punctured) 
 have a large oblique patch, on each, which covers nearly the whole 
 basal (or subbasal) region, and a smaller one on the suture, midway 
 between the centre and apex, more or less clearly rufo-testaceous. 
 Its entire surface is shining, and sparingly beset with elongate, sub- 
 £rect, cinereous hairs. Its prothorax is sometimes almost dark ; and 
 jn most of the examples which I have seen from S. Antao this is more 
 or less the case. 
 
 232. AntMcus dimidiatus. 
 
 A. angusto-elongatus, gracilis, nitidus, niger (vel piceo-niger) sed 
 elytris antice paUidis, dense et leviter punctulatus, et demisse 
 minuteque cinereo pubescens ; capite obovato, pone oculos rotun- 
 dato ; prothorace subcordato, basi grosse constricto ; elytris sub- 
 parallelis, nigris, singulis macula magna obliqua mox pone basin 
 (saepius partem basalem fere obtegente) rufo-testacea ornatis (nec- 
 non iuterdum ad apicem obsolete et suffuse dilutioribus) ; antennis 
 pedibusque graeilibus, elongatis, satiirate testaceis, femoribus pi- 
 cescentioribus. — Long. corp. lin. l|-li. 
 
 Anthicus dimidiatus, Woll, Cat. Can. Col. 521 (1864). 
 , Id, Col. Atl. 446 (1865). 
 
 Hahitat S. Vicente, et S. lago ; hinc inde in salinis, sed baud vulgaris. 
 
 This is a saline species, and perhaps therefore widely diffused over 
 these and Mediterranean latitudes ; nevertheless I am not aware of 
 its having been detected hitherto except in the Canarian Group — 
 where, in brackish spots, it is locally far from uncommon. In the 
 Cape Verde archipelago it was captured sparingly, by Mr. Gray and 
 myself, near Porto Grande in S. Vicente, and at the Villa da Praia in 
 S. lago ; but we may be pretty sure that, were the edges of the Salinas 
 carefully examined, it would be met with in comparative abundance. 
 
 The A. dimidiatus may be recognized by its narrow, subparallel 
 outline, and slender limbs ; and by its colour (when mature) being 
 black, or piceous-black, except the Hmbs and the front region of the 
 elytra — which have a large, oblique, testaceous patch on each, imme- 
 diately behind their extreme base, and which appears at first sight 
 to cover nearly the anterior half. Its head is somewhat small and obo- 
 vate (being rather long, and considerably rounded, behind the eyes) ; 
 its prothorax is much constricted at the base ; and its entire surface 
 is densely and finely pimctulated, shining, and thickly clothed with 
 a most minute, decumbent, cinereous pubescence. 
 
PSELAPHID/TE. 221 
 
 233, Anthicus reductus, n. sp. 
 
 A. breviusculus, subopacus, omnino testaceus, sat dense et demisse 
 subcinereo pubescens ; capite rotundato, mox pone oculos truncato 
 et, una cum prothorace, sat dense tequaliter punctate, hoc brevi, 
 transverso-subquadrato, postice paulo angustiore (sed baud con- 
 stricto), angulis (prsesertim auticis) argute obtusis ; elj"tris ovatis, 
 dense et profunde punctatis ; antennis pedibusque breviuseulis, 
 crassiusculis, — Long. corp. lin, 1. 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; sub quisquiliis, juxta Villa da Praia, semel detectus. 
 
 A single example of this little Anthicus was taken by myself at a 
 low elevation in S. lago — beneath vegetable refuse, in a garden, at 
 the Villa da Praia ; and it may be known from the other species with 
 which we have here to do by its comparatively small size, its more ab- 
 breviated outline, and its totally palhd colour. Its head is rounded 
 and short(the eyes extending almost to the basal region); its prothorax 
 is likewise short, and transverse, with the angles (particularly the 
 anterior ones), although obtuse, sharply defined, and a little narrowed, 
 but riot constricted, posteriorly ; and its siirface, which is subopake 
 and (especially of the elytra) rather distinctly punctured, is clothed 
 with a pale, decumbent pubescence. 
 
 Fam. 66. PSELAPHIDiE. 
 
 Genus 145. BRYAXIS. 
 
 Leach, Zool. Miscell. iii. 85 (1817). 
 
 234, Bryaxis gemmula, n. sp. 
 
 B. rufo-testacea, aut laete testaceo-ferruginea, nitida, minutissime et 
 paree punctulata, subtiliter flavescenti-cinereo pubescens ; capite 
 subtriangulari, inter oculos fovea magna rotundata utrinque, nec- 
 non antice in medio altera paulo minus profundtl, impresso ; pro- 
 thorace parvo, convexo, utrinque versus latera fovea magna rotun- 
 data profunda, necnon basi in medio altera multo minore leviore 
 punctiformi, impresso ; elytris convexis, postice valde abbreviatis, 
 singulis stria discali, postice fortiter incurva, instructis ; abdominis 
 segmento 1™" striola basah abbreviata in media parte utrinque im- 
 presso ; antennis brevibus, crassis, articulis subapicahbus trans- 
 versis, apicali magno, ovato basi truncato; pedibus longiusculis, 
 gracilibus, tibiis intermediis leviter, sed posticis valde curvatis. — 
 Long, corp. lin. circa |. 
 
 Hahtat S. Antao, S, Vicente, S. lago, et Brava ; inter quisquilias hu- 
 midas, praesei'tim in locis intermediis, late sed parce diffiisa. 
 
222 PSELAPHID^. 
 
 This interesting little Bri/axis is exceedingly close to a species in 
 my possession which was taken in Egypt both by the late Dr. Schaum 
 and Mr. McUy, and which the former communicated to me under his 
 own (M.8. ?) name of " rutiJa" Indeed it seems to differ from the 
 latter, merely, in its somewhat shorter antennae — the intermediate 
 joints of which are rather more moniliform, whilst the terminal one 
 is likewise more abbreviated and not quite so obliquely acuminate 
 towards its apex. Apart from its exceedingly short and thick an- 
 tennae, and various other characters, it recedes from the more northern 
 members of the genus, with which I am acquainted, in having its 
 central prothoracic fovea extremely small and punctiform. Its entire 
 surface is reddish-testaceous, and besprinkled with a very minute 
 yellowish-white pubescence ; and its hinder tibiae are a good deal 
 curved. Amongst 31 examples now before me (30 of which were 
 taken by myself) I cannot detect any sexual peculiarity, unless it be 
 that the last antenual joint is perhaps a trifle larger in the males than 
 in the females*. 
 
 The B. gemmula is widely spread over the Group, oceurring 
 amongst damp vegetable refuse at intennediate and rather lofty alti- 
 tudes. I have captured it in the Eibeira Fria and the Eibeira da 
 Babosa, of S. Antao, at Madeiral in S. Vicente, at S** Catharina in S. 
 lago, and near the Povoacao in Brava ; and a single example was met 
 with in the first of those islands by Mr. Gray. It is peculiarly inter- 
 esting from being the only representative of the present family which 
 we could obtain, by constant and careful sifting, throughout the ar- 
 chipelago. Insects of this small stature are of course easily over- 
 looked, and therefore I do not conclude that there are no other Pse- 
 lapliidce to be found ; but the fact of our having alighted upon this 
 one in no less than four different islands, and in so many localities 
 widely separated from each other, is at least presumptive e^•idence 
 that species even thus minute did not escape our observations to any 
 considerable extent. 
 
 I may add that the B. gemmula is the only Brgaxis which has 
 hitherto been observed in any of these scattered Atlantic Groiips, — 
 the genus which would appear to supply its place both in the 
 Madeiran and Canarian archipelagos being (the equally European) 
 Euplectiis. 
 
 * Even if the Cape Verde Brycucis should prove ultimately to be but a geo- 
 graphical state of the Egyptian one, I believe that the title which I have proposed 
 for it will still have to be retained ; for I ana not aware that Schaum ever 
 published his " B. rutila." 
 
STAPHYLINIDiE. 223 
 
 Fam. 57. STAPHYLINIDiE. 
 
 (Subfam. ALEOCHAEIDES.) 
 
 Genus 146. HOMALOTA. 
 Maniierheim, Brachel. 73 (1831). 
 
 235. Homalota coriaria. 
 
 H. subnitida, pubescens pimctulisque minutis (in capite abdomineque 
 parcius) dense irrorata, nigra vel fusco-uigra, elytris (brevibus) 
 paiilo dilutioribus sod versus angulos exteruos necnon in regione 
 scutellari paululum magis obscuris ; capite sat parvo, subrotundato ; 
 prothorace sat parvo, breviusculo, postice rotundato, angulis pos- 
 ticis rotundate obtusis sed sensim determinatis, in disco postico 
 late sed leviter impresso ; antennis breviusculis, nigro-fuscis, ad 
 basin pedibusque saturate testaceis. — Long. corp. lin. 1-vix 1|. 
 
 Homalota sodalis, Woll. [nee Erich., 1837], Ins. Mad. 554 (1854). 
 
 coriaria {Miller), Kraatz, Nat. cler Ins. Deutsch. ii. 282 (1856). 
 
 , WolL, Cat. 3fad. Col. 177 (1857). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 546 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 469 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Yicente, S. Nicolao, S. lago, Fogo, et Brava ; 
 inter quisquilias vulgaris. 
 
 The European H. coriaria is by far the most abundant of the Ho-, 
 malotas throughout these Atlantic Groups. In the Madeiras ano" 
 Canaries it swarms, and it has been met with (though more sparingly) 
 in all the islands of the Cape Yerde archipelago which have hitherto 
 been investigated ; and we may feel pretty confident that it will be 
 found to be quite universal. It occurs chiefly amongst vegetable re- 
 fuse, and at most elevations — though principally at intermediate ones. 
 It was captured by Mr. Gray and myself in S. Antao, S. Yicente, S. 
 lago, and Brava, by Mr. Gray in S. Nicolao, and by myself in Fogo. 
 In S. Antao it was obtained likewise by Dr. H. Dohrn. It may be 
 known by its very finely punctulated surface and black (or browiiish- 
 black) hue — the elytra, however, being always a little more diluted, 
 or fuscescent (though less evidently so towards their outer apical 
 angles), — and by its prothorax being rather small and short, and 
 lightly (but broadly) impressed on the hinder disk. 
 
 236. Homalota subputrescens, n. sp. 
 
 II . subnitida, grosse pubescens punctiilisque (in capite abdomineque 
 parcius) sat dense irrorata, nigra, elytris (depressiusculis, subqua- 
 dratis) testaceis sed versus angulos posticos externos necnon (suf- 
 fusius) in regione scutellari nigrescentibus ; capite transverso-sub- 
 
224 STAPHYLINIDvl^:. 
 
 rotundato ; prothorace traiisverso, bito, postice rotundato, angulis 
 I)osticis rotundate obtu.sis sod scnsim determiiiatis, in medio le^dtor 
 obsoletissime canaliculato ; antoimis crassis, art" ult° longiiisculo 
 subconico, nigro-fuscis, ad basin pedibusqne testaceis. — Long. corp. 
 lin. 11-11. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. lago, Fogo, et Brava ; inter quisquilias humidas 
 (pra3sertim in fructibus Citri anrantii putridis), prsecipue in in- 
 termediis hinc in do vulgaris. 
 
 Ohs. — H. putrescenti, ins. Canariensium, prima facie simillima, 
 et forsan ejus varietas geographica. Differt prothorace postice paulo 
 minus leniter rotundato, angulis posticis (obtusis sed) sensim deter- 
 minatis, clytris argutius punctulatis antennarumque art° ult" vix 
 minus incrassato ac magis conico. 
 
 This is, on the average, a slightly larger and broader insect than 
 the coriaria, somewhat more coarsely (and, at any rate on the head 
 and prothorax, less densely) punctulated and pubescent, with its 
 head usually just appreciably larger, its prothorax wider, most obso- 
 letely channelled, but free from the shallow depression on the hinder 
 disk, its antennae a trifle longer, and its elytra (which are, if anything, 
 more developed and depressed) paler or more testaceous — though, at 
 the same time, darkly infuscated in the scutellary region and towards 
 the outer apical angles. It is so closely allied to the Canarian If. 
 putrescens (which, however, is chiefly of Eupliorhia-miesting habits) 
 that I would not be quite sure that it is more than a geographical 
 modification of it. It differs merely in its prothorax being a little 
 less rounded off posteriorly (or with the basal angles appreciably more 
 defined), in its elytra being more sharplj- punctulated, and in the last 
 joint of its antennae being a trifle less thickened, or more conical. 
 
 The H, stibputrescens is widely spread over the Group, where in 
 all probability it will be found to be universal. It occurs amongst 
 putrid vegetable refuse, chiefly at intermediate elevations ; and it often 
 swarms within the decaying Oranges which so frequently strew the 
 ground, beneath the trees, in cultivated spots. I have taken it in S. 
 Antao, S. lago, Fogo, and Brava — in the first two of which it was 
 likewise captured by Mr. Gray, and in the first by Dr. H. Dohrn. 
 
 237. Homalota clientula. 
 
 II. nitida, grosse pubescens punctulisque (in capite abdomineque par- 
 cissimc, in prothorace parce, sed in elytris dense et asperate) irro- 
 rata, nigra vel fusco-nigra, elytris (brevibus, convexiusculis) plus 
 minus dilutioribus ; capite sat parvo, subrotundato ; prothorace 
 magno, lato, convexo, postice paululura latiorc et rotundato, augu- 
 
STAPHYLINID^. 225 
 
 lis posticis rotnndate obtusis (fere obliteratis) ; antennis brevius- 
 culis, nigro-fuscis, ad basin pedibus(|ue saturate testaceis. 
 Variat capite prothoraceqiie aiit fei'e nigris, aut fuscescentibus, aut 
 etiam clare nifo-ferrugineis. — Long. corp. lin, 1-1^. 
 
 Homalota clieiitiila, JErich., Gen. et Spec. Staph. 133 (1839). 
 
 plebeia, Won.,Ins. Mad. 5o3 (1854). 
 
 , Id, Cat. Mad. Col. 176 {1857). 
 
 clientula, Id., Cat. Can. Col. 545 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 459 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente^ et Brava ; inter quisquilias, minus fre- 
 quens. 
 
 Ohs. — H. cor'iarid differt statiu'a pleninique [(sed non semper) 
 paulo minore, corpore subgrossius pubescente, prothorace majore 
 et (prsesertim postice) latiore necnon (una cum capite) parcius 
 punctulato, elytris subbrevioribus, subconvexioribixs, paulo rugo- 
 sius asperato-punctatis et soepius aliter coloratis, atque antennis 
 (articulo ultimo acutiore) sensim minus iiicrassatis. 
 
 The European H. clientula — which occurs both in the Madeiran 
 and Canariau Groups — is very widely spread over the Cape Yerde 
 archipelago, where we may be pretty sure that it is universal. It is 
 found beneath vegetable refuse, principally at intermediate altitudes, 
 and was taken by myself in S. Antao and S. Vicente, and by Mr. 
 Gray in Brava, Prom its general size, and the more or less brown- 
 ish hue of its elytra, it might almost be confounded at first sight with 
 the coriaria ; nevertheless a closer inspection will show that it is 
 totally distinct from that species, — being not only, on the average, a 
 trifle smaller, more shining, and more coarsely pubescent, but with 
 the punctation of its head and prothorax less dense, with the latter 
 relatively larger and wider (particularly behind), with its elytra (which 
 are, if anything, somewhat shorter and convexer) more roughened 
 with asperated punctules, and with its antennae (which have their 
 apical joint a little aeuter) rather less thickened. 
 
 238. Homalota exsecrabilis, n. sp. 
 
 H. prsecedenti affinis, sed (nisi fallor)vix ejus varietas. Differt cor- 
 pore paulo minore obscuriore, sc. nigro, pedibus (subgracihbus) 
 solum, prsesertim tarsis, paulo dilutioribus, sensim minus nitido 
 (oculo fortissimo armato etiam minute subalutaceo), minus jiubes- 
 cente, necnon (sub lente fortissima) paulo densius, ac distincte 
 profun dins, punctate. — Long. corp. lin. 1. 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; semel tantum deprehensa. 
 
 The single example from which the above comparative diagnosis 
 
 ft 
 
226 STAPH VLIXIDy'E. 
 
 has been drawn out, and which was taken by myself in S. lago, seems 
 to differ too mnch from the common H. clientida to be treated as a 
 variety of that species ; and I have, therefore, described it as distinct. 
 Judging from the individual before me, the H. exsecrahUis is appre- 
 ciably smaller and darker than the client itla (being, aj^parently, black, 
 with the legs, and particularly the feet, somewhat diluted in hue), 
 less pubescent, a trifle less shining (being even slightly alutaceous 
 when viewed under the microscope), and with its pimctation both a 
 little denser and coarser. 
 
 239. Homalota glareosa, n. sp. 
 
 H. fusiformis (antice et postice paido attcnuata), subopaca, grosse 
 subfulvo pubesceiis punctisque asperatis (an potius granulis?) 
 ubique densissime et argute irrorata, nigra, elytris saturate testa- 
 ceis sed versus anguios posticos externos necnon (suffusius) in re- 
 gione seutellari nigrescentibus ; capite subrotundato ; prothorace 
 sat magno, lato, antice angustato, postice rotimdato, angulis pos- 
 ticis rotundate obtusis ; antennis longiuscuLis, fere nigris (ad basin 
 panlo dilutioribus) ; pedibns saturate testaceis. — Long. corp. lin. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Nicolao, et S. lago ; in stercore bovino, late 
 diffusa. 
 
 In its fusiform outline and dense sculpture, as well as in its rather 
 large, posteriorly-widened prothorax, more or less jjallid elytra, and 
 stercoraceous habits, this Homalota is on much the same type as the 
 European H. melanaria, 8ahl. ; nevertheless it is very much smaller 
 and more opake, its sculpture is (relatively) even still closer and more 
 asperate (for it is difficult to say whether it should be defined as 
 punctured or (/ninuled), its prothorax is more narrowed in front, and 
 its antennae are darker and less thickened. Perhaps at the right 
 season of the year it would be found to be tolerably abundant, and 
 even universal ; but during our late expedition we obtained but few 
 specimens of it — and those in the dung of cattle, at low and inter- 
 mediate altitudes. I took it in S. Antao and S. lago ; and it was 
 met with by Mr. Gray in the former of those islands, as well as (du- 
 ring his previous cruise) in S. ^icolao. It seems to be variable in 
 stature, and somewhat so even in the development of its elytra. 
 
 240. Homalota carbunculus, n. sp. 
 
 H. subfusiformis, subnitida, sat grosse pubescens punctisque (in ca- 
 pite abdominequo ])arce, in prothorace sat densius, sed in elytris 
 dense et asperate) irrorata, atra : prothorace sat magno, lato, an- 
 
STAPHYLIXIDiE. 227 
 
 tice leviter augustato, postice rotunclato, angulis posticis rotimdate 
 obtusis; anteunis breviusculis, pieeo-iiigris. concoloribus, art" ult™" 
 ovato ; pedibus testaceo-piceis, tarsis pallidioribus. — Long. corp. 
 lin. 1-li. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Yicente, S. jSTicolao, S. lago, Fogo, et Brava ; 
 in stercore vulgaris. 
 
 06s. — Species ^.m^rfB,Kraatz,EuropiE3e, staturaparva coloreque 
 nigro prima facie snbsimilis, sed tanien toto coelo distincte ; differt 
 corpore magis fusiformi et grossius piibescente, punctura sensini 
 remotiore ac minus subtili, prothorace prassertim postice multo 
 latiore antennisque brevioribus, art° ult"" eonspicue minus elon- 
 gato. 
 
 The comparatively minute size and subfusiform outline of this little, 
 deep-black Homalota, Avliich, however, has its legs (and particularly 
 the feet) more diluted in hue, combined with the short and ovate 
 apical joint of its antennae, will at once distinguish it from the other 
 species here enumerated. It occurs in the dung of cattle, and ap- 
 pears to be universal throughout the archipelago — having been cap- 
 tured in, at any rate, all the islands which have yet been explored. 
 It was taken by Mr. Gray and myself in S. Antao and Fogo, by my- 
 self in S. Vicente and S. lago, and by Mr. Qraj in S. Nieolao and 
 Brava. It is found at most elevations, though principally at low and 
 intermediate ones, and is extremely active with its wings in the hot 
 sunshine*. 
 
 Genus 147. OXYPODA. 
 Mannerlieim, Brachel. G9 (1831). 
 
 241. Oxypoda hydropathica, n. sp. 
 
 0. fusiformis, (abdomine, basi nigro, excepto) subopaca, minutissime 
 et densissime punctulata et pube fulvescente demissa dense seri- 
 cata, alatissima ; capite subrotundato, nigro-fusco ; prothorace ely- 
 trisque fuseis (his paululum subtestaceo dilutioribus), illo magno, 
 convexo, lato, transverso-subquadrato ; elytris intra angulum ex- 
 ternum emarginato-excavatis ; abdominepiliselongatiserectis parce 
 obsito ; antennis (gracilibus, fragilibus) pedibusque testaceis, ilia- 
 
 * From its small size, black hue, and slightly diluted legs, the H. carbunculus 
 has a certain frimd facie resemblance to the European H. nigra (which occurs 
 also in the Madeiran and Canarian Groups) ; nevertheless, when closely in- 
 spected, it will be seen to be totally distinct, belonging to almost a different 
 type. Thus it is more fusiform in outline (or less parallel), and clothed with a 
 rather coarser pubescence, its punctation is somewhat less fine and more re- 
 mote, its antenna3 are a little shorter, with their apical joint less elongate, and 
 (above all) its prothorax is larger and wider — especially behind. 
 
 q2 
 
228 STAPHYLINID.K. 
 
 rum articiilis subbasalibus paululum obscurioribus. — Long. corp. 
 lin. Adx 1. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, et Fogo ? ; inter quisquUias marcidas 
 in aqiiaticis rarissima, volare gaudens. 
 
 Having but a single specimen of tbis minute and fragile Staphy- 
 linid from wbicb to judge, I bave been unwilling to run tbe risk of 
 dissecting it ; nevertbeless I feel almost satisfied tbat it is a true 
 Oxypoda, though it appears to possess the subaquatic habits oiMtjl- 
 lama and Deinopsis. 
 
 It was taken by myseK in S. Vicente — from beneath sodden leaves 
 alongside (indeed almost hi) the little stream which issues from the 
 dripping rocks at Madeiralzinho ; and I met with another (which I 
 afterwards lost), in a similar situation, at Tarrafal, in the south of 
 S. Antao ; and I feel pretty confident that it was the same species, 
 of which I obtained a third example (which, however, was destroyed 
 in my collecting-bottle) at the Fonte of the Monte Nucho in Fogo. 
 And if this be the case, it would seem (although extremely rare) to 
 be widely spread over the archipelago. It is remarkably active — not 
 only with its legs, but also Avith its wings (which are most largely 
 developed). 
 
 The 0. hydropatliica may be known by its closely punctulated, sub- 
 opake, densely sericeous surface — the abdomen, however, which is 
 black, being shining, and sparingly studded with elongate suberect 
 hairs ; by its head being of a darkish brown, whilst the prothorax 
 and elytra (the former of which is large, and transverse-quadrate) 
 are of a more diluted, or paler, hue, and by its limbs being fragile 
 and testaceous — the antenna) especially being slender, and with their 
 subbasal joints slightly obscured. 
 
 Genus 148. ALEOCHARA. 
 Gravenhorst, Col Micropt. 67 (1802). 
 
 242. Aleochara pubemla. 
 
 A. fusiformis, quasi subopaca, crebre punctulata pubeque fulvescente 
 demissa dense sericata, nigra, elytris intus plus minus rubescenti- 
 bus ; prothorace in limbo saepius anguste dilutiore ; elytris rubes- 
 centibus sed versus angulos externos, in parte magna scutellari 
 triangulari, necnon sa^pius per suturam plus minus late obscuratis, 
 densius asperate -punctulatis, postice intra angulum externum 
 sinuatis ; antennis brunneis, ad basin et apicem ipsissimum, palpis 
 pedibusque saturate testaceis. — Long. corp. lin. vix 2-2g. 
 
STAPIIYLINID^. 229 
 
 Aleocliara pubarula, Kliu/, Col Madagasc. 51 (1833). 
 
 decovata, Axhe, Attn, de la Soc. Ent. de France, 311 (18o0). 
 
 Armitao-ei, WolL, Ins. Mad. 5o9 (18oi). 
 
 puberiila, Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 180 (18o7j. 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 551 (1804). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 473 (I860). 
 
 Habitat S. Autao, S. lago, Fogo, et Brava ; inter quisqiiilias degens 
 
 An Aleocliara which may be known by its veiy fusiform outline, 
 by its closely-punctured and densely fulvo-pubeseent surface, by the 
 suffused, red, oblique dash on each of its elytra (which are sinuated 
 towards their outer apical angles), and by its antenna3 being of a 
 brownish tint, with their base and extreme apex (like the legs) 
 testaceous. It is a species of a very wide geographical range — 
 occurring in Mediterranean latitudes, the Madeiran and Canarian 
 Groups, and many distant parts of the world (where perhaps it may 
 have become established through human agency). There cannot be 
 much doubt that it is universal in the Cape Verde archipelago, 
 though hitherto it has been observed in only four of the islands, — 
 having been taken by mj'self in S. Antao, S. lago, Togo, and Brava, 
 in the first and last of which it was captured likewise by Mr. Gray. 
 In S. AntcTO it was also found by Dr. H. Dohrn. It is principally 
 to be met with a,mongst decaying vegetable refuse, though occasion- 
 ally in the dung of cattle. 
 
 243. Aleocliara comma, n. sp. 
 
 A. fusiformis, crassa, latiuscula, nitida, parce et profunde punctata 
 pubeque fulvescente grossa subdemissa parce vestita, nigra elytris 
 laete testaceo-rufis ; prothorace ad latera (rarius in limbo) paulu- 
 lum dilutiore, in disco punctis duobus paulo majoribus utrinque 
 longitudinaliter notato ; elytris testaceo-rufis vel laete rufo-casta- 
 neis, aut concoloribus aut (ssepius) versus aijgulos externos ob- 
 scuratis, densius asperato-punctatis ; antennis brevibus, crassis, 
 nigris, ad basin, palpis pedibusque clare rufo-ferrugineis. — Long. 
 Corp. lin. 2^-vix 3. 
 
 HaVitat S. lago, et Brava ; inter quisquilias in intermediis occurrens. 
 
 The comparatively large size and somewhat thickened body of 
 this beautiful ^?eof7irtir/, combined with its shining surface, rather 
 coarse but remote pubescence, black hue, bright rufo-castaneous 
 elytra (which, however, are usually a little obscured towards the outer 
 apical angles), and short, incrassated antennse — the basal portion of 
 which, together with the legs, is clear rufo-ferruginous — will at once 
 distinguish it from the other species with which we have here to do. 
 
230 STAPHYLINID^. 
 
 It occurs beneath vegetable detntua at intermediate altitudes, and 
 was taken by myself at S'* Catharina in the interior of S. lago, and 
 close to the Povoagao in Brava. In the latter locality it was abun- 
 dant — amongst dead leaves and loose friable earth, around the roots 
 of ferns and other plants, at the foot of the more or less perpendi- 
 cular mountain- sides, oiitside the town. When disturbed, it coun- 
 terfeits death even more completely than is ordinarily the case with 
 the Aleocharas — bending its head against its breast, and curving 
 its abdomen, so as to assume much the shape of a comma (from 
 which circumstance I have adopted its specific name). 
 
 244, Aleochara 4-piinctata, n. sp. 
 
 A, subfusiformis, subnitida, pube grisea dcmissa parce vestita, nigra 
 elytris intus testaceo-rufis; capite prothoraceque minutissime alu- 
 taceis et parce punctatis (pi;nctis sat magnis sed levibus), hoc in 
 disco punctis duobus multo majoribus (so. maximis) utriuque 
 longitudinahter notato et SKpius alterii media versus latera im- 
 presso ; elytris testaceo-rufis sed versus augidos externos (et saepe 
 suffusius, obscurius angustiusque ad basin) obscuratis,densius aspe- 
 rato-pimctatis ; antennis palpisque nigrescentibus, illis ad basin 
 hisque ad apicem paulo dilutioribus ; pedibus rufo-piceis, tarsis 
 pallidioribus. — Long, corp. lin. 1^-2^. 
 
 Aleochara 4-punctata, Fauvel, in lift. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Yicente, S. lago, Fogo, et Brava ; in stercore 
 vulgaris. 
 
 Although extremely variable in stature, this Aleochara descends to 
 a smaller size than cither of the preceding species ; but in its gene- 
 ral sculpture and colouring it is more on the type of the A. comma 
 than on that of the jniheruJa. Apart however from its comparatively 
 smaU bulk, it may be known by its head and prothorax being alu- 
 taceous (and therefore less shining), and with the four additional 
 punctures on the disk of the latter exceedingly large and conspicu- 
 ous, by its (rufo-testaceous) elytra being more evidently obscured 
 towards the sides and outer apical angles, and by its antennae being 
 less incrassated and, together with the legs, more darkened through- 
 out. It occurs in dung, at low and intermediate altitudes ; and we 
 may be pretty sure that it is universal in the archipelago, — having 
 been captured by Mr, Gray and myself in S. Antao, S, Vicente, 
 S. lago, and Fogo, and by Mr. Gray in Brava *. 
 
 * Before examining this Aleochara, I had imagined, from its general aspect 
 and colouring, that it was identical with the European A. nitida ; but a closer 
 i:is]ieetion shows it to be totally distinct, and more [in reality) on the type of the 
 
STAPHYLINID.E. 231 
 
 Genus 149. OLIGOTA. 
 Mannerlieim, Brachel. 72 (1831). 
 
 245. Oligota contempta, n. sp. 
 
 0. linearis, subnitida, parce griseo pubescens, fusco-nigra, elytris 
 plus minus fuscis, abdominis apice testaceo ; capite prothoraceque 
 minutissime punctulatis ; elytris abdomineque densius rugosiusque 
 subasperato-punctatis ; antennis pedibusque saturate testaceis, 
 illarum articulis 3 ulterioribus parum abrupte incrassatis. — Long. 
 Corp. lin. g-vix |. 
 
 Habitat a. Antao, S. lago, et Brava; inter quisquilias necnon sub 
 cortice arborura laxo emortuo, prsecipue in intermediis, rarior. 
 
 Although scarce, this little OUgota seems to be widely spread over 
 the archipelago — where it occurs, both amongst vegetable refuse 
 and beneath the loosened bark of trees, principally at intermediate 
 altitudes. I captured it towards the head of the Ribeira das Patas 
 in S. Antao, at San Domingos and (under the dead bark of a native 
 Ficus) in the Ribeira dos Orgaos in S. lago, and on the mountains 
 above the Povoa§ao in Brava. Its hnear outline, more or less con- 
 spicuously fuscescent elytra, and the testaceous apex of its abdomen, 
 added to its 3-jointed antennal club, Avould seem, when combined, 
 to separate it from the European 0. pusUlima and atomaria — in 
 which the clava of the antenna3 is, hkewise, triarticulate. 
 
 Genus 150. NEMATOSCELIS (nov. gen.). 
 
 Genus antennis (ad oculorum margiuem internum insertis) 10-, tar- 
 sisque (nisi fallor) 4-articulatis, necnon paraghssis nullis, cum 
 Oligota congruens ; &Qd. palporum maxiUanuni art' ult" (aciculari) 
 longiore, sc. penultimo vix bi^eviore ; palpis labialibvs magis coni- 
 cis, art" 1"° brevi, 2^" multo longiore subgracihore subeylindrico, 
 ult" quam hie vix breviore ac paulo angustiore (sc. aciculari); ?/- 
 guld brevissima, inter palpos rotundate prominula sed Integra (nee 
 divaricate bifida) et setulis duabus lougissimis instructa ; pedibus- 
 qne multo lougioribus (sc. longissimis), gracillimis, difFerre videtur. 
 Corpus breviusculum, latum sed utrinque attenuatum (ut in Tachg- 
 porinis), alatissimum ; capite deflexo ; prothorace postice lato (co- 
 
 A. comma. Thus its elytra are ver^ much more thickly, and less deeply punc- 
 tured, and more broadly riifescent — being in fact testaceo-rufous, but obscured 
 towards the edges and external angles (instead of having only a small rufescent 
 patch at the i)})ier angle) ; its legs are more piceous ; and its head and prothorax 
 are minutely afutaceous (and therefore less shining), .nnd the latter (in addition 
 to its scattered shallow punctures) has two large punctiform impressions arranged 
 longitudinally on either side of its disk, as well as another (less distinct) midway 
 between these and either outer edge. 
 
232 STAPHYLINID^. 
 
 leopterorum latitudine) et in medio rotundate producto ; anten- 
 narum art'* 1'"" et 2''" longiuseiilis crassiusculis, clavd abriipte 
 3-articulata ; tihiis apice inarmatis ; tursonmiqyiG posteriorum 
 art" 1™" elongato. 
 A j'jj/jii, fihun, et o-ixfAis, tibia. 
 
 The minute Staphylinid for which I have estabhshed the present 
 genus is closely allied to Oligota — with which it agrees (inter alia) 
 in the implantation and structure of its 10-jointed antennae, and 
 its quadriarticulate feet ; but the aciculated last joint of its palpi is 
 longer, its ligula is shorter, projecting but vertj shghtly between the 
 labial palpi, where it is rounded and entire (instead of being mi- 
 nutely bifid and divaricate), but furnished with two powerful seta? 
 which are but slightly shorter than the palpi themselves, and its legs 
 are considerably longer (being remarkably elongate, and slender). 
 Its prima facie aspect is most peculiar ; for, although its short, 
 medially- widened, elliptic outline is a good deal on the type which 
 obtains in the second Section of the European Oligotce, and also on 
 that of the Madeiran Somatium (which, however, belongs to the sub- 
 family Tavhuporldes), yet its highly polished, intensely black surface 
 and pale testaceous antennae, combined with its elongate, wiry legs, 
 give it a very singular appearance. Its wings are largely developed, 
 its head is deflexed, its antennoe have their first two joints mode- 
 rately enlarged and the club abruptly triarticulate, its excessively 
 narrow tibiae are free from apical spurs, and its four hinder feet have 
 their basal joint a good deal lengthened. 
 
 24G. ITematoscelis filipes, n, sp. 
 
 N. breviter elliptiea, lata, nitidissima, atra, antennis flavo-testaceis, 
 et punctulis pubeque demissa parcissime adspersa ; elytris vix 
 minus nitidis (oculo fortissime armato subtilissime et levissime 
 transversim strigulosis) ; pedibus longissimis, gracillimis, paulo 
 dilutioribus (i.e. saepius hincinde subtestaceis). — Long. corp. lin. 
 circa |. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et S. Vicente ; ad folia floresque Lahlahioi vulga- 
 ris, Savi, k Dom. Gray in cultis intermcdiis deprehensa. 
 
 It is somewhat remarkable that I did not take this curious little 
 insect at all, though it was found in several locaHties by Mr. Gray 
 (and rather abundantly). In every instance he obtained it, only, by 
 beating the plants of an eatable Bean (the Lahlahia vulgaris— known 
 locally under the name of " Feijao ") in cultivated spots of interme- 
 diate altitudes. In such situations he met with it on the hill-sides 
 
STAPHYLINID^. 233 
 
 above the Kibeira Eria, as well as towards the head of the Ilibeira 
 das Patas, iu S. Antao, and at Madeiralzinho in S. Vicente. 
 
 (Subfam. GYMNUSIDES.) 
 
 Genus 151. MYLLiENA. 
 Erichson, Kiif. der Mark Brand, i. 382 (1837). 
 
 247. Myllsena fuscula, n. sp. 
 
 M. fusiformis, opaca, minutissime et densissime punctulata (fere 
 quasi granulata) pubetpie brevi omnino demissa dense sericata, 
 fusca, capite et pra3sertim abdomine (ajjice excepto) paulo nigres- 
 centioribiis ; prothorace subquadrato, antice paulo angustiore, ad 
 latera sequaliter vix rotuudato ; elytris posticc leviter sinuatis 
 (quare ad angulos externos retro rsum acuminatis) ; antennis pedi- 
 busque fragilibus, saturate testaceis, illis ad basin et apicem inter- 
 dum etiam subpallidioribus, art" ult" sensim acuminato. — Long. 
 Corp. lin. 1-1 5. 
 
 Habitat 8. lago ; inter lapillos in aquosis per margines rivulorum, 
 in intermediis, parce latens. 
 
 In size this Mijlhena is about midway between tiie European 
 duhia and intermedia, being more of the stature and outline of the 
 hrevicornis, Matth. ( = (jracilis, Kr.); nevertheless it belongs to the 
 same type as the two former species. It is, however, browner, and 
 relatively a little narrower, as well as a trifle more depressed, than 
 either of them, its limbs are paler, and its surface is, if anything, 
 even still more opake. Like the Miillcence generally, it is densely 
 clothed with a short decumbent sericeous pile, its antcnnoe are ex- 
 tremely fragile, and its wings are largely developed. In its move- 
 ments it is exceedingly active, residing beneath wet shingle at the 
 edges of the streams, and, when disturbed, making its escape either 
 by flight or by abandoning itself to the siu-face of the water — on 
 which it is easily buoyed up by means of the closely set pubescence 
 with which it is covered. The few examples of it which I have 
 seen were taken by myself in the Ilibeira dos Orgaos, in the interior 
 of S. lago *. 
 
 (Subfam. TACHYPORIDES.) 
 
 Genus 152. LEUCOPARYPHUS. 
 
 Kraatz, Nat. der Ins. Dextsch. ii. .393 (18-57). 
 
 * Perbaps. in general colouring and aspect, the Cape Verde Myllana is nearer 
 to tlie European M. elongata ; but it is distinctly smaller and slenderer tlian that 
 species, and its limbs are paler, shorter, and less developed. 
 
234 STAPHYLINID/E. 
 
 248. Leucoparyphus silphoides, 
 
 Staphyliuns silphoides, Lin)i., Sijst. Kat. i. ii. G84 (1767). 
 Tachinus silplioides, WoU., Ins. Mad. 570 (1854). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 185 (1857). 
 
 Leucoparypbus silphoides, Id., Col. Atl. 481 (1805).' 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. lago, et Brava ; hinc inde, in stercore boviuo. 
 
 This common European insect — so well distinguished by its highly- 
 polished, black, and almost unsculptured surface, the elytra, how- 
 ever (except a large, more or less developed, discal patch), and the 
 sides of the prothorax, being testaceoixs — occurs sparingly, in the 
 dung of cattle, throughout the Cape Verde archipelago, where most 
 likely it has become established (as it appears to have been in the 
 Madeiran Group) from more northern latitudes. I have taken it in 
 the Ribeira da Babosa in S. Antao, at San Domingos and S''' Catha- 
 riha in S. lago, and in the Ribeira do Sorno in Brava. In S. lago 
 it was found also by Mr. Gray. The Cape Verde examples have 
 their antennae a little slenderer than is the case in the ordinary 
 European ones ; but there is nothing about them which has the 
 slightest claim to be regarded as a specific difference. 
 
 (Subfam. QUEBIIDES.) 
 
 Genus 153. TANYGNATHUS. 
 
 Erichson, Kdf. der Mark Brand, i. 417. 
 
 249. Tanygnathus varicomis, n. sp. 
 
 T. angustus, elongatus, fusiformis, niger ; capite prothoraceque niti- 
 dissimis, illo angustulo-ovali antice subacuminato, hoc (postice 
 coleopterorum latitudine, aut etiam fere sublatiore) antice angus- 
 tato, in dimidia parte postica rufo-testaceo, angulis posticis ro- 
 tundatis, in dorso utrinque pimctis duobus (uno sc. vix ante 
 medium, et altero minore mox pone marginem anticum, sitis) 
 longitudinaliter notato ; scutello (magno) elytrisque paulo minus 
 nitidis, dense asperato-punctatis et una cum abdomine pube grisea 
 demissa parce vestitis, elytrorum margine apicali rulb-testaceo et 
 intra angulos extemossinuato-emarginato; abdomine postice valde 
 attenuate, subiridescente, magis piceo, segmentis siogulis apice 
 dilutioribus, setis longissimis nigrescentibus parce obsito ; anten- 
 nis gracilibus, filiformibus, nigrescentibus, art" 1""° fusco-testaceo, 
 4 apicalibus (una cum palpis longissimis) pallido-testaceis ; pedi- 
 bus testaceis. — Long. corp. Kn. lg-2:j. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et S. lago ; inter quisquilias putridas in lutosis 
 iuxta margines aquanmi, vcl stagnantium vel prfecipue fluen- 
 tium, parce latitans. 
 
staphyliniOjE. 235 
 
 Judging from the description, this Tanygnathiis is extremely near 
 to the very rare Euroi)ean T. terminalis, though I think that there 
 are sufficient differences about it to leave no question that it is never- 
 theless truly distinct. And indeed, being so unmistakeably indige- 
 nous in the Cape Verde archipelago, it is highly improbable, a priori, 
 that it would be found to be actually conspecific with its more northern 
 ally. Having no type of the latter for comparison, I am compelled 
 to trust to the diagnosis ; but, unless I am much mistaken, the Cape 
 Verde species is narrower than the terminaJis, with its (slender) 
 antennae more pallid at their apex, and Avith its prothorax not only 
 blacker anteriorly but both paler and more broadly pale behind — 
 the posterior half (or even more) being of a clear rufo-testaceous 
 hue. Moreover, in the terminaJis no mention is made of the second 
 (or sidyapical) punctui'e on either side of the prothoracic disk. In 
 their narrow, oval head, basally-rounded prothorax, large scutellum, 
 and the rufo-testaceous hinder margin of their elytra, the two 
 species appear to be similar. 
 
 Although scarce, or at any rate extremely local, the T. varicornis 
 is most thoroughly indigenous throughout the Group, though 
 hitherto it has been observed only in S. Antao and S. lago. In the 
 former of those islands I met with it first at Tarrafal, running over 
 the hot mud (amongst putrid vegetable refuse) which had formed 
 occasional alluvial deposits at the edges of the stream ; whilst in the 
 latter I obtained it, in much the same kind of places, at San Do- 
 mingos, in the Eibeira dos Orgaos, and at S** Catharina — by sifting 
 sodden leaves and rubbish, in damp but sunny places, at the margins 
 of the watercourses and pools. It would, consequently, seem to be 
 almost subaquatic in its mode of life. It was captured likewise by 
 Mr. Gray, though more sparingly, both in S. Antao and S. lago. 
 
 Genus 154. HETEROTHOPS. 
 (Kirby) Steph., 111. Brit. Ent. v. 256 (1832). 
 
 250. Heterothops minutus. 
 
 ZT. angustulus, elongatulus, niger; capite prothoraceque nitidissimis, 
 illo angustulo-obovato, hoe (postice coleopterorum latitudine) an- 
 tice angustato, angulis posticis rotuudatis, in disco utrinque punc- 
 tis duobus (uno sc. ante medium, et altero minore mox pone 
 marginem anticum, sitis) necnon perpaucis ad marginem ipsum 
 basalem notato ; scutello (magno) elytrisque paulo minus nitidis, 
 distincte asperato-punctatis et una cum abdomine pube giisea de- 
 missa grossa parce vestitis, elytris vel nigro-piceis apice et ad 
 huracros dUutioribus, vel testaceo-picois, vcl etiam fuseo-testaceis; 
 
236 STAPH YLINID.?!:. 
 
 antcniiis nigrescontibus, art'' 3 basalibus pedibiisque plus minus 
 dare nifo-testaceis. — Long, corp liii. 2-2k. 
 
 Heterotliops minutus, IFolI., Ann. Nat. Hist. vi. 53 (1860). 
 
 , Id, Cat. Can. Col oOQ (1804). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 485 (18(35). 
 
 Ifahitat S. Antao, S. lago, Fogo, ct Erava ; inter qxiisquilias, passim. 
 
 I am extremely doubtful whether this variable Heterotliops should 
 not be referred to the common European H. cUssimilis ; but, be that 
 as it may, it appears to be conspecific with my H. mimitus of the 
 Madeiran and Canarian Groups, which I also met with at Mogadore 
 on the opposite coast of Morocco. We may be pretty sure that it 
 will be found to be universal throughout the Cape Verde archipelago, 
 Avhcrc it occurs under vegetable refuse at nearly all elevations. It 
 was taken by Mr. Gray and myself in many parts of S. Antao (such 
 as the Ribeira Fria, the Ribeira das Patas, Tabouga, and the Ribeira 
 da Babosa), as well as (at the Villa da Praia, San Domingos, and S** 
 Catharina) in S. lago, and on the mountains above the Povoagao in 
 Brava ; and I obtained it at the Fonte of the Monte Nucho, in Fogo. 
 The Cape Verde examples have the first three joints of their antennae 
 more brightly rufo -testaceous than is the case in the Canarian ones 
 now before me ; but, as the insect is essentially variable, I can 
 detect nothing about them to warrant the suspicion that they are 
 specifically distinct. 
 
 (Subfam. STAPHYLINIDES.) • 
 
 Genus 155. PHILONTHUS. 
 
 (Leach) Staph., III. Brit. Ent. v. 226 (1832). 
 
 § I. Protliorcu'is seriehus dorsal ibus e pvnctis 4 compositls. 
 251. Philonthus niarginipennis, n. sp. 
 
 P. subfusiformis, capite abdomineque picco-nigris, prothorace ely- 
 trisque rufo-piceis, his in margine laterah (pra^sertim ad angulos 
 externos) necnon angustius obscuriusque per suturam subtestaceo 
 pallidioribus ; elytris (convexiusculis) abdomineque longe, dense, 
 et demisse fulvo pubescentibus et parum crcbre (sed vix profunde) 
 subasperato-punctatis ; antennis (breviusculis) pedibusque infus- 
 cate testaceis. — Long. corp. lin. 2. 
 
 Philouthus marginipennis, Gory, in litt. (teste Doni° Fauvel), 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; a cl. Fauvel uuperrime communicatus, 
 
 Ohs. — Species P. discoideo colore habituque generali prima 
 facie subsimilis, sed seriehus dorsalibus prothoracicis e punctis 4 
 
STAPHYLINID.E. 237 
 
 (nec 5) compositis toto coelo discedit. DifFert prseterea F. dis- 
 coicleo statura patilo minore ac magis fusiformi, prothorace cly- 
 trisque magis piceis, his sensim couvexioribiis et longioribus, extus 
 argutius pallido marginatis atque, unti cum abdomine, crcbrius 
 leviusque pimctatis necnon densius longiusque pilosis. 
 
 A single example of a Philonthus has lately been communicated to 
 me, under the above title, by M. Fauvel, as coming from S. Yiceute ; 
 and he has added, for comparison,- another, of decidedly the same 
 species, from Senegal ; so that I have no reason to doubt the accu- 
 racy of its professed habitat. In general colouring and aspect it is 
 a good deal suggestive, at first sight, of the common European P. 
 discoideiis (which has established itself in most of these Atlantic 
 islands) ; nevertheless the fact of its prothoracic series being com- 
 posed of only four punctures, instead of five, does in reality assign it 
 to a totally different section of the PMlonild. But, apart from this 
 primary one, it will be seen (on a closer examination) to have many 
 characters which will immediately separate it from that species. 
 Thus it is a little smaller and more fiisiform ; and its prothorax 
 and elytra are more piceous, whilst the latter (which are relatively 
 a trifle larger and more convex) are more broadly and conspicuously 
 paUid along their outer margin, as Avcll as, together with the abdo- 
 men, more densely and finely punctiired and more thickly pubescent. 
 
 § II. ProtJioracis seriehus dorscdibus h punctis 5 compositis, 
 252. Philonthus scybalarlus. 
 
 P. ater, elytris abdomincque griseo pubescentibus ; capite ovali ; 
 elytris subasperato-punctatis ; abdomine saepius subiridesccnte ; 
 antennis longiusculis, fusco-nigris, ad basin vix picescentioribus ; 
 pedibus nigris, coxis anticis femoribusque omnibus intus plus 
 minus evidenter dilutioribus (sc. subtestaceo tinctis). — Long. corp. 
 lin. 3-41, 
 
 Pliilonthus scybalarlus, Kordm., Sipnhol. 94 (1838). 
 
 varians, Woll. [nec Payh.\ Ins. Mad. 583 (1854). 
 
 scvbalarius, Id., Cat. Mud. Col. 189 (1857). 
 
 ^—, Id., Cat. Can. Col. 571 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 492 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S, Antao, et S. lago ; hinc inde, vel in stercore bo^•ino vel 
 sub quisquiliis. 
 
 This rather large and deep-black Philonthus — so common through- 
 out Europe and in the Madciran and Canarian Groups, and which 
 was taken by the late Mr. Bewicke even at Ascension — will doubt- 
 less be found to be imiversal at the Cape Verdes, though hitherto 
 
238 STAI'IIYLINin.l^ 
 
 it has been captured only in S. Antao and S. lago. In the former 
 of those islands it was taken by Dr. H. Dohrn in the north, and by 
 Mr. Gray (at Tarrafal) in the south ; whilst in the latter it was met 
 with by Mr. Gray and myself at San ])omingos, and S'" Catharina. 
 It occurs both in the dung of cattle, and under decayed vegetable 
 refuse generally. 
 
 253. Philonthus ventralis. 
 
 P.niger,elytrisabdomineque grosse fulvescente pubescentibus ; capite 
 
 subquacLrato-rotundato ; prothoracis punctis dorsalibus magnis ; 
 
 elytris subconvexis, profunde parceque punctatis ; antennis fuscis, 
 
 ad basin pedibusque piceo-testaceis. 
 Variat elytris et interdum etiam prothorace vix picescentioribus. — 
 
 Long. corp. lin. 2j-3. 
 
 Staphylinus ventralis, Grav., Col. Micropt. 174 (1802). 
 
 Philonthus , Erich., Gen. et Spec. Staph. 473 (1839), 
 
 proximus, Woll, Cat. Mad. Col. 189 (1857). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 573 (1804). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 403 (18(55). 
 
 Ifahitat S. lago ; inter quisquilias in intermediis, rarior. 
 
 A European PJiilonthus which occurs sparingly both in the Ma- 
 deiran and Canarian Groups, and which appears to be rare in the 
 Cape Yerde archipelago — the few examples which I have seen hav- 
 ing been taken by myself (beneath damp, decaying refuse) at S''' Ca- 
 tharina, in the interior of S. lago. It is smaller, and of a less 
 intense black, than the scyhalar'ms — both the prothorax and elytra 
 having occasionally (though by no means always) a faint picescent 
 tinge ; its head is a trifle squarer (or less oval) ; its elytra are a 
 little more convex, somewhat more deeply and distantly punctured, 
 and, together with the abdomen, sparingly clothed with a more ful- 
 vescent decumbent pile ; and its limbs are shorter and paler. 
 
 254. Philonthus discoideus. 
 
 P. niger, elytris abdomineque grosse fulvescente pubescentibus ; ca- 
 pite rotundato-quadrato ; elytris paulo picescentioribiis, sat pro- 
 funde parceque punctatis, in limbo et prassertim per suturam suf- 
 fuse rufo-ferrugineis ; antennis breviusculis, clare testaceo-fuscis, 
 art" 3*'° saepius obsolete obscuriore ; pedibus piceo-testaceis. — Long, 
 corp. lin. 2-2 1. 
 
 Staphylinus discoideus, Grai:, Col. 3I{cropt. 38 (1802). 
 
 Philonthus discoideus, Woll., Cat. Mad. Col. 190 (1857). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 573 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 493 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. lago, et Togo ; vel sub quisquiliis vel in ster- 
 core degens. 
 
STAPHYLINID.^. 239 
 
 Likewise a common European Philonthus, and one wbich occurs 
 both in the Madeiran and Canarian Groups. It is widely spread 
 over the Cape Verde archipelago, where we may be tolerably sure 
 that it will be ascertained to be universal. I have taken it at Tarra- 
 fal in the south of S. Antao, and at San Domingos and S*" Catha- 
 rina in the interior of S. lago ; and it was met with, by myself and 
 Mr. Gray, near the Porto da Luz in Togo. It is rather smaller 
 than ih.e p7^oxhnus, with its head a little squarer, its antennae (which 
 usually have their third joint obscurely infuscated) shorter and paler, 
 and with its elytra not onlj' more picescent but conspicuously diluted 
 both along the mai'gins and suture — especially the latter, which is 
 more or less rufo-ferruginous. It is a PhilontJms which has ac- 
 quired for itself an extended geographical range, being one of those 
 species which are easily naturalized (indirectly) through human 
 agencies. In more northern latitudes it is often very common 
 about hotbeds and melon frames. 
 
 255. Philonthus sinuatus, n. sj). 
 
 P. angustus, niger (vix subpiceo-niger), elytris abdomineque fere 
 calvis (aut parcissime pubescentibus) ; capite rotundato-ovali, 
 punctis perpaucis maximis irrorato; prothorace angustulo, ad latera 
 ante angulos posticos excavato-sinuato, ^iunctis dorsalibus magnis ; 
 elytris densissime et argute punctatis ; abdomine dense et minute 
 asperato-punctulatis ; antennis palpisque nigrescentibus, ad basin 
 piceo-testaceis (horum art" ult" acutissimo) ; pedibus testaceis, hinc 
 inde picescentioribus. — Long. corp. lin. 3|. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao ; a cl. H. Dohrn, M.D., semel deprehensus. 
 
 The single specimen from which I have compiled the above dia- 
 gnosis was taken by Dr. H. Dohrn (in the Ribeira de Joao Aifonso) in 
 the north of S. Antao ; and before examining it closely I had imagined 
 it to be an uuusuallj small and nari'ow example of the P. punctipennis 
 — with which in its general facies, colour, and sculpture it has much 
 in common. But a more accurate inspection shows that it belongs to 
 the Section of the genus in which there are only five punctures down 
 either side of the i^rothoracic disk ; and it is further distinguished by 
 its head being shorter and rounder, by its prothorax being narrower 
 and suddenly scooped out (or sinuate) on either side in fi-ont of the 
 posterior angles, by its elytra being even still more closely (and not 
 quite so coarsely) punctured, whilst the punctures of its abdomen are 
 very much smaller and more dense, and by its antennae and palpi being 
 darker — the latter, moreover, having their apical joint even more 
 acute. 
 
240 STAPHYLINID^. 
 
 § III. Pfotliorads seriehxis dorsalihus I ptmctis circa 6 vel 1 compositis. 
 
 256. Philonthus turbidus. 
 
 P. piceo-niger, elytris abdomineque parce griseo pubescentibus ; ca- 
 pite subquadrato-oblongo, punctis perpaucis maximis irrorato ; 
 elytris (interdum picoscentioribus) dense et argiite punctatis ; ab- 
 domiuc parcius sed parura grosse punctato,'subiridescente ; antennis 
 nigro-fuscis, ad basin rnfo-jiiceis ; palpis pedibusque rnfo-testaeeis, 
 hinc inde picescentioribus. — Long, corp. liu. 4-5. 
 
 Philonthus turbidus, Erich., Gen. et Spec. Staph. 484 (1839). 
 
 punctipenuis, IVoU., Cat. Mad. Col. 192 (1857). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 575 (18G4). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl 495 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Nicoliio, S. lago, et Fogo ; sub quisquiliis parce 
 latens. 
 
 A large and elongate Philonthus, which may be known by its some- 
 what piceous-hlsLok hue, by its prothoracic series being composed of 
 about six, or seven (which appears to be the normal number), or even 
 eight, punctures down either side of the disk, by its elytra (which 
 are sometimes more diluted in hue) being deeply, rather closely, and 
 sharply punctured, by its abdomen being slightly iridescent and with 
 its punctures likewise coarse, though not quite so dense, and by its 
 antennae being dark brown, whilst the palpi and legs are dull rufo- 
 testaceous. 
 
 The P. turbichis is found principally at intermediate altitudes and 
 beneath damp vegetable refuse, and is widely spread over the archi- 
 pelago. I met with it in the Ribeira Fria and the Ribeira das Patas, 
 as well as at Tarrafal, in S. Antao ; at San Domingos, S"* Catharina, 
 and in the Orgaos ravine, in S, lago ; and at the Monte Nucho, in 
 Fogo. In S. lago it was captured likewise by Mr. Gray, who also 
 obtained it (during 1864) in 8. Nicolao. Although nowhere abun- 
 dant, it appears to be generally distributed throughout these various 
 Atlantic Groups — occurring both at the Madeiras and Canaries ; and 
 it would seem indeed to have a very extended geographical range, 
 being recorded by Erichson from Madagascar, whilst specimens have 
 been communicated to me by Fauvel from the Mauritius, Assam, 
 and Egypt. 
 
 § IV. Prothorax (et caput) grosse ^nmctatus, lined media lonr/{- 
 tudinaJi lo'vi. 
 
 257. Philonthus tenellus. 
 
 P. angusto-filiformis, niger, elytris abdomineque grosse griseo pu- 
 
STAPHYLlNIDiE. 241 
 
 bescentibus ; capite (subquadrato) prothoraccque utrinq\ie parce et 
 valde profundo punctatis ; eljtris deiisius ac midto subtilius sub- 
 asperato-pimctulatis ; abdominis segmentis singulis (praesertim 
 basalibus) convexis et postice grosse denseqiie punctatis ; autennis 
 jjiceis, ad basin, palpis pedibusque inajqualiter picco-testaceis ; 
 palporum art° ult° acutissime conico. — Long. corp. lin. l|-2. 
 
 Philonthus teuellus, Wvll., Cat Can. Col. 576 (1864). 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 495 (1865). 
 
 Hahitat S. Antao, et S. lago ; inter lapillos, neenon in lutosis, ad 
 margines aquarum, vel fluentium vel stagnantium, latitans. 
 
 A minute, narrow, filiform species, wbicb may be known by its 
 head and prothorax being very sparingly but most coarsely punctured 
 on either side and nnsculptured down the centre, by its antennas being 
 piceous, with their base and the legs piceo-testaceous, and by the 
 terminal joint of its maxillary palpi being very acute but conical. I 
 captured it sparingly at Tarrafal in the south of S, Antao, as well as 
 at San Domingos and in the Orgaos ravine in S. lago, — in both in- 
 stances amongst either mud or wet shingle, at the edges of the streams 
 and pools. It would probably therefore be met with more generally, 
 if searched for in the proper situations. It appears to be conspecific 
 with my P. tenellus, found in similar localities in the Canarian Group, 
 and also closely allied to the Madeirau P. filiformis — which possibly, 
 however, may be but a geographical modification of the European P. 
 lirocemlus. 
 
 (Subfam. X.1NTH0LINIDES.) 
 
 Genus 156. LEPTACINUS. 
 Erichson, Kdf. der Mark Brand, i. 429 (1837). 
 
 258. Leptacinus parumpunctatus, 
 
 L. nitidissimus, niger, elytris (extus seriatim punctatis) paulo dilu- 
 tioribus neenon ad angulos posticos externos pellncido-testaceis ; 
 capite triangulari, utrinque valde profunde sed parce punctato, an- 
 tice 4-sidcato ; prothoracis seriebus dorsalibus circa 5-6-puncta- 
 tis ; antennis ferrugineis ; pedibus piceo-testaceis. — Long, corp, 
 lin. 2|-3. 
 
 Staphylinus parumpunctatus, Gi/ll, Ins. Suec. iv. 481 (1827). 
 Leptacinus pai'umpunctatus, Erich., Gen. et Spec. Staph. 353 (1839). 
 
 , WolL, Cat. Can. Col. 579 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 498 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. lago, Fogo, et Brava ; sub quisquiliis, neenon 
 in stercore, passim. 
 
212 STAPHYMNID.'E. 
 
 This common European Leptacinus — which occurs in the Madeiran 
 and Canarian Groups — is widely spread over the Cape Verde archi- 
 pelago, where it is found (both under refuse and in the dung of cattle) 
 at low and intermediate altitudes. It was met with by Mr. Gray and 
 myself at Tarrafal and Tabouga in S. Antao, and near the Porto da 
 Luz in Fogo, and by myself at S ' Catharina in S. lago, as well as in 
 the Ribeira do Sorno in Brava. 
 
 (Subfam. P^DERIDES.) 
 
 Genus 157. SCOP^US. 
 Ericlison, Gen. et Spec. Stajjh. 604 (1839). 
 
 259. Scopaeus crassipes, n. sp. 
 
 S. subtilissime punctulatus, nitidus, minute sed vix dense cinereo 
 sericeus, piceus ; eapite magno, convexo, subquadrato ; prothorace 
 subobovato, ssepius (sed hand semper) paulo rufescentiore, basi in 
 medio tenuiter carinato et breviter biimpresso ; elytris evidentius 
 dense punctulatis, postice plus minus dilutioribus ; abdomine sub- 
 opaco, densissime subas^^erato-punctulato, apice paulo dilutiore ; 
 an tennis testaceis, in medio (interdum ubique, apice excepto) saepius 
 obsolete obscuris ; pedibus crassiusculis, saturate testaceis. — Long. 
 Corp. lin. 1^1 §. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, S. lago, Fogo, et Brava ; inter lapillos 
 latens, per margines aquarum. 
 
 Obs. — S. trossulo, ins. Canariensium, valde affinis, sed vix (nisi 
 fallor) ejus varietas geographica : corpore paululum robustiore 
 (sensim minus gracili), colore omnino obscuriore, antennis vix 
 brevioribus, articulis intermediis saepius obsolete obscuratis, eapite 
 (submajore) prothoraceque etiam minutius sed elytris distinctius 
 punctulatis, differre videtur. 
 
 A Scopceus which is probably universal throughout the archipelago, 
 being found amongst wet shingle at the edges of the streams and 
 pools — where, however, it appears to be rare, I have taken it in the 
 Ribeira da Babosa in S. Antao, at Madeiralzinho in S. Vicente, at 
 San Domingos in S. lago, at the Fonte of the Monte Nucho in Fogo, 
 and in the Ribeira do Sorno in Brava ; and in S. Antao it was found 
 likewise by Mr. Gray. It is the representative in these islands of the 
 European S. Icevigatus, of which it might almost be looked upon as a 
 geographical modification. And it is equally near to the S. trossulus, 
 of the Canarian Group, — from which however it differs in being alto- 
 gether a trifle more robiast (or less slender) and of a slightlv darker 
 
STAPH YLINID^.. 243 
 
 hue, iu its antennae being appreciably skorter, with their intermediate 
 joints (and indeed sometimes all but the apical ones) usually a little 
 obscured, and in its head (which is, if anything, more developed) 
 being, together with the prothorax, perhaps rather more minutely 
 punctulated still, while the sculpture of its elytra, on the other hand, 
 is distinctly coarser. As in many of the Scopm, its legs are (in pro- 
 portion to its size) considerably thickened — a structure which is per- 
 fectly in accordance with its subfossorial mode of life, amongst the 
 damp stones and shingle where it principally occurs. 
 
 260. Scopseus filiformis, n. sp. 
 
 S. creberrime subcoriaceo-alutaceus (vix, saltern in capite protho- 
 raceque, punctulatus), subopacus, minute et dense cinereo sericeus, 
 piceo-ferrugineus ; capite longiusculo, subtriangulari-quadrato ; 
 prothorace angusto, subobovato, testaceo vel fusco-testaceo, pos- 
 tice tenuissime carinato et obsoletissime biimpresso ; elytris postice 
 dilutioribus ; abdomine fusco-ferrugineo, apicem versus fere tes- 
 taceo ; antennis pedibusque brevibus, testaceis. — Long, corp. lin. 
 vix If 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, S. lago, Fogo, et Brava ; ad margines 
 riviilorum, necnon interdum sub quisquiliis humidis, latitans. 
 
 This is not only smaller and considerably narrower than the last 
 species, but it is likewise paler and more densely clothed with a 
 minute sericeous pubescence. Its sculpture is finer and closer — being 
 (especially on the head and prothorax) thickly alutaceous, rather than 
 punctulated, which causes the surface to be more opake ; and its limbs 
 are more pallid, shorter, and less thickened. Its head and prothorax 
 are, both of them, relatively narrower ; and the latter is either testa- 
 ceous or brownish-testaceous, as weU as straighter at the sides, and 
 more obsoletely biimpressed in the centre behind. It is just as 
 widely spread over the archipelago as the S. crassipes, and perhaps 
 not quite so scarce, occurring in similar situations — amongst wet 
 shingle &c. at the edges of the streams and pools, though occasion- 
 ally also beneath damp vegetable refuse. I met with it in the Eibeira 
 Fria and the Ribeira das Patas in S. Antao, at Madeiralzinho in S. 
 Vicente, in the Orgaos ravine, as well as at S** Catharina, in S. lago, 
 at the Fonte of the Monte Nucho in Fogo, and near the Povoagao in 
 Brava. 
 
 Genus 158. LITHOCHARIS. 
 (Dejean) Boi.«d. et Lacord., Fatai. Ent. de Paris, i. 431 (1835). 
 
 r2 
 
24i4! staphylixid.t:, 
 
 201 , Lithocharis ochracea, 
 
 fj. subopaca, dense fulvescenti-cinoreo soricea, minute et orcbre piinc- 
 tulata ; capite sub(|ua(lrato-trianf>riilari, nigro, oculis niagnis ; pro- 
 thorace elytiisiiiie subquadi'atis, plus minus infuseate rufo-fenu- 
 ginois, illo (lincji tenui subelevata obsoletissime carinato) liorura- 
 ([ue suturii paulo rufescentioribus ; abdomiiie fusco-feri'ugineo, 
 apice dilutiore, granulis nigrescentibus superadditis (transversira 
 dispositis) parcissime irrorato ; antennis, palpis pcdibiisque tcsta- 
 oeis. — Long. corp. lin. l|-2. 
 
 Picderus ocliraceus, Grav., Col. Micropt. 59 (1802). 
 Lithocliaris ochracea, WolL, Lis. Mad. 590 (1854), 
 
 , Id, Cat. Mad. Col. 193 (1857). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 587 (18(j4). 
 
 , Id., Col. Ail. 506 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. AntJvo, S. lago, et Brava ; inter quisquilias, passim, 
 
 A common European Lithocharis which is widely distributed over 
 the Madeiran and Canarian Groups, and which has established itself 
 pretty generally in the Cape Verde archipelago. It is however by no 
 means abundant, though occurring under vegetable refuse at most 
 elevations. It was captured by Mr. Gray and myself at Tabouga and 
 Tarrafal, as well as in the Ribeira da Babosa &c., in S. Antao, at San 
 Domingos, S'" Catharina, and in the Orgaos ravine in S. lago, and 
 in the Ilibeira do Somo in Brava, It may be known, inter alia, by 
 its black, subtriangular head and large eyes, by its closely and mi- 
 nutely punctulated, densely sericeous surface, and by its prothorax 
 being usually rufo-ferruginous, whilst the elytra are a little more in- 
 fuseated, though with their suture appreciably paler. Its abdomen 
 is brownish-ferruginous, and very sparingly besprinkled with a few 
 blackish, subasperated, transversely-arranged additional granules 
 (out of each of which arises a short bristle) ; and its limbs are wholly 
 testaceous. 
 
 262. Lithocharis obsoleta. 
 
 L. subgracilis, subopaca, dense griseo sericea, minutissime et creber- 
 rime punctiilata ; capite subquadrato-triangulari, nigro ; protho- 
 race, elytris et abdomine (apice dilute) vix picescentioribus ; an- 
 tennis (gracilibus, moniliformibus) palpisque rufo-piceis, apicem 
 versus magis testaceis ; pedibus vel piceo- vel mere saturate tes- 
 taccis, tarsis breviusculis, 
 
 Variat (immatura) corpore omnino pallidiore (sc, capite piceo, pro- 
 thorace rufo-testaceo, elytris abdomincque plus minus fusco-ferru- 
 gineis), — Long, corp, lin, l|-vix 2. 
 
 Lathrobiimi obsoletum, Nordm., Si/tnbol. 146 (18.38). 
 Lithocharis obsoleta, Erich., Gen. et Spec. Staph. 623 (1839). 
 
STAPHYLINID.E. 245 
 
 Lithocharis brevipes, WolL, Avn. Nat. Hid. vi. 104 (18G0). 
 obsoleta, Id., Col. Atl. 506 (1805). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et S. lago ; in locis similibus ac praecedens. 
 
 Obs. — Exemplaria immatiira prima facie L. ochraceam aliquo 
 modo, sed preesertim in colore, simulant ; at corj^us angustius est 
 ac plerumque subminiis, punctura etiam densiore et siibtiliore, ca- 
 pite minore angustiore, oculis minoribus, prothorace ne obsolete 
 qiiidem subcarinato, scntello minus triangulai'i magisque trans- 
 verso (sc. postice truncato), necnon antennis pedibnsque subbre- 
 vioribus subgracilioiibus, illis versus basin palpisque paulo obscu- 
 ratis, antcnnarum art" ult° subminore,tarsisque sensim brevioribus. 
 ExempJaria matitra colore multo obscimore, et cset., a L. ochmced 
 toto ccelo discedunt. 
 
 Of the European L. obsoleta (which occurs sparingly at Madeira) I 
 captured a few examples, both in S. Antao and S. lago; and although, 
 when mature, its verj- much darker colour would, even alone, sepa- 
 rate it from the ochracea, yet specimens which are immature are often 
 pale, and resemble the latter so greatly in hue that they might at first 
 sight almost be confounded with it. A more accurate inspection, 
 however, wiU bring to light an abundance of features (apart from 
 colour) to distinguish the obsoleta from the ochracea. Thus it is al- 
 together narrower, and fjenerally a little smaller ; its punctation is 
 even still finer and closer ; its head and eyes are considerably less 
 developed ; its prothorax is totally free from even the rudiments of a 
 central keel ; its scutellum is less triangular and more transverse (the 
 apical portion being more truncate) ; its elytra (whether dark or 
 pale) are concolorous, or with the suture not diliited in hue ; and its 
 antenna? and legs are slightly shorter and slenderer — the basal half, 
 moreover, of the former, together with the palpi (and sometimes the 
 tibiae), being a little infuscated. Its last anteunal joint, too, is a trifle 
 more abbreviate. 
 
 263. Lithocharis debilicornis. 
 
 L. subopaca, pallida, parce pubesccns ; capite (lato, convexo, subtri- 
 angulari-quadrato, oculis parvis sed prominentibus) prothoracequc 
 (breviusculo) rufo-ferrugineis, alutaceis, grosse sed le%'iter punc- 
 tatis ; elytris testaceis vel rufo-testaccis, rugosius punctatis, ad 
 basin saepius obsolete obscui-ioribus ; abdomine fernigineo, apice 
 dilutiore ; antennis (brevissimis, articulis intermediis brevibus mo- 
 niliformibus),palpis pedibnsque testaceis. — Long. corj). lin. li— 1|. 
 
 Lithocharis debilicornis. Wall, Cat. Mad. Col. 194 (July 18o7). 
 
 breA-iconiis, Allard, Ann. de la Soc. Ent. do France, I'il (18o7). 
 
 aegyptiaca, 3Iots., Bull, de Mosc. (3G4 ( 18o8j. 
 
246 STAPHYLINID^.. 
 
 Litliocliaris debilicornis, WolL, Cat. Can. Col. 589 (1864). 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 508 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, et S. lago ; hincinde, inter quisquilias. 
 
 This very pecnliar little species, although somewhat scarce, is widely- 
 distributed over the archipelago — where it occurs, beneath vegetable 
 refuse, at low and intermediate altitudes. I met with it at Tarrafal, 
 as well as in the Ribeira Fria, the Ribeira da Babosa, &c., of S. An- 
 tao, at Madeii'alzinho in S. Vicente, and at S** Catharina in S. lago 
 — in which island it was captured likewise by Mr. Gray. IVIost pro- 
 bably however it is, in reality, universal, since it appears to have a 
 rather extended range, having been recorded from Egypt and even 
 the south of Europe, as well as in the Madeiran and Canarian Groups. 
 
 The L. debilicomis may be known by its small size and totally 
 pallid hue (the head and prothorax being rufo- ferruginous, the abdo- 
 men ferruginoiis, and the elytra either testaceous or rufo-testaceous), 
 by its head and prothorax (the former of which is large, convex, 
 squarish, and wide, with the eyes small but prominent, whilst the 
 latter is short) being alutaceous and distinctly, but not deeply, punc- 
 tured, and by its antennae (the intermediate joints of which are short 
 and moniliform) being greatly abbreviated. 
 
 Genus 159. SUNIUS. 
 (Leach) Steph., III. Brit. Ent. v. 274 (1832). . 
 
 264. Sunius nigromaculatus. 
 
 S. elongatus, gracilis, rufo-ferrugineus, opacus, parce fulvescente 
 pubescens ; capite prothoraceque valde profunde, rugose et dense 
 Bubreticulato-punctatis, Ulo magno convexo subquadrato-rotundato 
 (subtus parce regulariter pimctato et in medio canaliculato), hoc 
 obovato ; elytris rugose sed paulo minus dense asperato-punctatis, 
 sensim magis testaceis, singulis macula sufiusa nigrescente in disco 
 exteriore sita plus minus evidenter ornatis ; abdomine riigose as- 
 perato-punctato, segmento S'^antice late nigro; antennis(brevibus), 
 palpis pedibusque gracilibus, pallide testaceis. 
 
 Variat elytris concoloribus, paUidis, immaculatis ; necnon (immatu- 
 rus) corpore omnino pallidiore. — Long. coip. lin. vix 2-2\. 
 
 Sunius nigi'oniaculatus, Mots.., Bullet, de Moscatf, 561 (1860). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, S. lago, et Brava; inter quisquilias 
 vulgaris. 
 
 Obs. — Species S. megacepTialo, Canariensi, affinis, sed capite 
 minus elongate (magis rotundato), oculis paulo majoribus, antennis 
 multo brevioribus, abdomine minus grosse punctate, necnon elytris 
 
STAPH YLINIU.E. 247 
 
 nou solum longioribus sed (in statu tyj^ico. maturo), ut in S. hbna- 
 culato, suffuse bimaculatis, 
 
 A Sunius which is widely spread over the archipelago, where we 
 may be pretty sure that it is universal — occurring nearly ever5'where 
 beneath vegetable refuse, and at most elevations ; and indeed it ap- 
 pears to have a very extended geographical range — being found like- 
 wise in Egypt (and probably, therefore, in the intermediate districts 
 of northern and western Africa). It was taken by Mr. Gray and 
 myseK at Tarrafal, as well as in the Ribeira Fria, the Ribeira das 
 Patas, &c., of S. Antao, — on Monte Yerde and at Madeiralzinho in S. 
 Yicente, — at San Domingos, S'* Catharina, and in the Orgaos ravine, 
 in S. lago, — and in the Ribeira do Sorno, in Brava. 
 
 The S. nigromaculatus may be regarded as the representative in 
 these islands of the Canarian S. megacepludus — from which, however, 
 it differs in being, on the average, a trifle smaller, in its head being 
 less elongate, or more rounded behind the eyes (which are a little 
 larger), in its antennae being considerably shorter, its abdomen less 
 coarsely punctured, and in its elytra being not only longer, but with 
 a more or less distinct cloudy spot on the outer disk of each — much 
 as in the S. himaculatus. This discal patch however is frequently 
 quite obsolete, in which case the elytra are totally immaculate. In 
 its narrow, slender body, its nzfo-ferruginous head and prothorax 
 (which are densely and roughly crowded with large, somewhat reti- 
 culated punctures), its ferruginous abdomen, and (apart from the 
 spot, Avhen present) its slightly paler elytra, as well as in its extremely 
 paUid limbs, it agrees with its more northern allj'*. 
 
 Genus 160, PJEDERUS. 
 Fabricius, Sijst. Ent. 268 (177o). 
 
 265. Paedenis Erichsoni. 
 
 P. alatus, nitidus ; capite (subrotundato, oculis magnis), scutello ab- 
 dominisque segmentis2 apicalibusnigris; prothorace abdominisque 
 segmentis 4 basalibus testaceo-rufis ; elytris caeruleis, profunde et 
 rugose punctatis, parce subcinereo pubescentibus ; antennis lon- 
 
 * The largely-developed, pedunculated head of the /SwrnV of this immediate type 
 is so loosely attached, on account of the narrowness and flexibility of the neck, 
 that it is very liable to become accidentally reversed, when the specimen ia 
 being mounted upon card ; and until I had placed them beneath the microscope, 
 and had discovered that the wrong side was uppermost, I was a good deal 
 puzzled by certain examples in that predicament, — the more sparingly, and 
 differently, punctured surface, added to the conspicuous central line, giving 
 (lieir head a rei-y peculiar appearance. 
 
248 STAPHYLINID.E. 
 
 giusculis, graciusculis, fuscescentibus, art'' 4 basalibus, palpis pedi- 
 busque rufo-tcstaceis, femoribus posticis(rarius postcrioribus) apice 
 nigi'is. — Long. corp. liii, 3-3^. 
 
 Paederus Angolensis ?, Erich., in Wierpn. Archiv, ix. 222 (1843). 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; sub foliis aridis in clivis editioribus supra Sanctam 
 Catharinam, copiose deprehensus. 
 
 Ohs. — P. ri2X(riiun, Europium, prima facie simulans, sed sub- 
 gracilior, paulo minus rugose punctatus, oculis majoribus, protho- 
 race antice angustiore, clytris antennisque sublongioribus, his gra- 
 cilioribus pallidioribus, pedibus anticis semper (anterioribus saspius) 
 omuino pallidis — ncc femoribus nigro terminatis. 
 
 A P(cden(S -which I captured abundantly on the mountain-slopes 
 above S ' Catharina, in the interior of S. lago, — under dry leaves, 
 beneath the shrubs of Jatropha curcas and Euphorbias ; and a single 
 specimen was also taken, by Mr. Gray, at S'* Catharina itself. I have 
 little doubt that it is the P. angolensis, described in Erichson's Paper 
 on supposed " Angolan " Coleoptera, with the diagnosis of which it 
 agrees preciselj* — except that the apices of its intermediate femora are 
 not usually nigrescent ; but since such is the case sometimes, Erich- 
 son's example, or examples, may have been in that predicament. 
 Assuming it however to be identical with the angolensis (of which, I 
 think, there cannot be much question), the specific title must still, of 
 necessity, be changed, since it tends to perpetuate a serious geogra- 
 phical blunder ; and therefore I have substituted that of Enchsoni, 
 in its stead. I have already commented on the unfortunate confusion 
 which arose through the fact of the collector, who was sent out to 
 Angola (from Berlin), having touched at these islands en passant, and 
 mixed up indiscriminately his material from the two regions thus 
 widely separated from each other ; and the Piedenis we are now dis- 
 cussing affords a sad instance of this grievous want of accuracy, its 
 very name having been borrowed from a country with which (in all 
 probability) it has no concern. 
 
 In its general size and colour (the head and last two abdominal 
 segments being black, whilst the elytra are cyaneous-blue, and the 
 prothorax, together with the four anterior segments of the abdomen, 
 clear testaceo-rufous) this Pcederus has much the prima, facie aspect 
 of the common European P. ri2}arius ; but it is altogether a trifle 
 narrower and less coarsely punctured, its eyes are considerably larger, 
 its prothorax is less widened in front, its elytra and antennae are a 
 little longer, the latter are somewhat slenderer and paler, and its fore 
 legs, and usually the intermediate pair also, are entirely immaculate 
 
STAPHYLINID.E. 249 
 
 — though in rare instances the intermediate femora have their apex 
 (like that of the hinder ones) nigrescent. Although described by 
 Erichson (assuming it to be his amjolensis) as distinct from the 
 iestuans (an African species which has been recorded both from Sene- 
 gal and Egypt), I am extremely doubtful, judging from the diagnosis, 
 whether it is more in reality than a geographical phasis of the latter 
 — from which it seems to differ, mainly, in its paler antenna? and 
 darker scuteUum. Still, without a type of the cestuans for compari- 
 son, it is impossible to say for certain whether other (and more sig- 
 nificant) characters may not exist. 
 
 (Snbfam. PINOPHILIDES.) 
 
 Genus 161. (EDICHIRUS. 
 Erichson, Gen. et Spec. Staph. 684 (1839). 
 
 266. (Edichinis terminatus. 
 
 (E. alatus, nitidus, antice parcissime sed postice parce subcinereo 
 pilosus ; capite (subrotundato, oeulis maximis, promincntibus), 
 elytrorum dimidia parte antica, abdominisque segmentis 3 apicali- 
 bus nigris ; prothorace (iJt)stice augustato, punctis perpaucis maxi- 
 mis, in dorso biseriatim dispositis, irrorato), elytrorum dimidia parte 
 posticii, abdominisque segmentis 4basalibustestaceo-rufis; coleopte- 
 ris abdominelatioribus,basi truncatis,adhumeros subrectangulis, ad 
 latera paulo rotundatis, postice arcuato-emarginatis, dorso depres- 
 siusculis, parce et valde profunde subseriatim punctatis ; abdomine 
 (segm'" basali excepto) immarginato, segmentis singulis convexis 
 necnon transversim punctato-triliueatis, segm*" ulf'^longe acutis- 
 simeque bicomi ; anteimis gracilibus, testaceis, articulis intenne- 
 diis obscuratis ; palpis longissimis, fusco-testaceis ; pedibus pallide 
 testaceis (genibus vix obscurioribus), tarsis anticis maximis, latis- 
 sime dilatatis. — Long. corp. lin. 3|-4. 
 
 CEdichirus terminatus, Erich., in Wiegm. Archiv, ix. 223 (1843). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao ?, S. lago, et Brava ; sub quisquiliis humidis parce 
 degens. 
 
 This curious StaphyKnid — so like a Pcederus in its red-and-black 
 colouring, but so remarkable in the structure of its enormously elon- 
 gated maxillary palpi and its greatly developed anterior feet, as well 
 as in the two large acute spines which arm the apex of its (unmar- 
 gined) abdomen — is manifestly the CE. terminatus of Erichson's (so- 
 called) " Angolan " Coleoptera. My remarks under the last species 
 will doubtless, therefore, apply equally here ; and we may be pretty 
 
250 STAPHYLINIDT.. 
 
 sure that the insect is not an " Angolan " one at all. At the proper 
 season of the year it would perhaps be found to be universal (or nearly 
 so) throughout the Cape Verde archipelago, as we saw what / believe 
 to have been the pupa of it in several of the islands ; but hitherto it 
 is only in S, lago and Brava that I have imsitive evidence (now 
 before me) of its existence. I am satisfied however that (particu- 
 larly) in S. Antao we met with it in an incipient state. It was cap- 
 tured by Mr. Gray and myself, beneath refuse, at S*" Catharina in the 
 interior of S. lago, and by myself near the Povoa^ao in Brava. In 
 all probability it possesses a wide African range ; at any rate I have 
 an Egyptian example (taken by the late Mr. Melly) which resembles 
 it so nearly that I am far from certain that it is more than a slight 
 modification, or geographical variety, of the Cape Verde species. 
 
 The (E. terminatus is, on the average, rather larger and broader 
 than the Sicilian poiderhius ; its head and prothorax (the latter of 
 which is longer, and rather less widened anteriorly) are even still 
 more sparingly punctured, and the punctures on the prothoracic disk 
 are more evidently arranged in two longitudinal rows ; its elytra are 
 very much less abbreviated, nearly rectangular at the shoulders (in- 
 stead of being rounded ofi"), and (instead of being whoUy black) with 
 their apical half bright testaceo-rufous ;' its abdominal segments are 
 more convex, and the first one is distinctly margined ; and its eyes 
 and limbs (particularly the last joint of its maxillary palpi, and its 
 anterior feet) are even more developed still — the intermediate articu- 
 lations, moreover, of the antennae being appreciably infuscated. The 
 (E. terminatus, also, is winged ; whereas the jicederinns (as indeed its 
 extremely abbreviated elytra and rounded-off" shoulders would indi- 
 cate) is apterous. 
 
 Gcuus 102. PALAMINUS. 
 
 Erichson, Gen. ct Spec. Staph. C81 (1839). 
 267. Palaminus decussatus, n. sp. 
 
 P. rufo-testaceus, abdomine (apice excepto) ferrugineo, nitidus, parce 
 et(praesertimpostice)longe fulvescenti-cinereo pilosus; capite sub- 
 triangulari (postice truncate) et una cum prothorace (transverso- 
 quadrato sed postice angustiore) grosse et parce punctatis (punctis 
 magnis sed baud profundis) ; oculis magnis ; coleopteris abdomine 
 latioribus, basi truncatis, ad humeros subrectangulis, ad latera 
 paulo rotundatis, postice arcuato-emarginatis, profundius sed paulo 
 minus grosse punctatis; abdomine iramarginato, segmentis singulis 
 convcxis et lineis obliquis decussatis (in 4 basalibus) reticulato- 
 impressis, segm'" ult" acutissime bispinoso ; antennis (gracilibus), 
 palpis (longissimis) pcdibusque pallide testaceis; j^edibus anticis 
 
STAPH ylixid.t;. 251 
 
 crassiusculis, tibiis latis triangularibus, tarsis valde dilatatis. — 
 Long. corjD. lin. l|-vix 2. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, S. Vicente, S. lago, et Brava ; inter quisquilias, 
 prsesertim in intermediis editioribusque, rarior. 
 
 One of the few Coleopterous forms detected in these islands which 
 may be said to tend towards the New World, rather than the Old ; for 
 aU ihePalamini which have hitherto been brought to light are essenti- 
 ally American. Still, in a geographical point of view, I do not lay 
 much stress upon this isolated fact ; for as these minute Staphylinids 
 are most easily transported by accidental human agencies, and since 
 Sugar-canes, Bananas, and other Tropical plants have long been cul- 
 tivated in the Cape Yerde archipelago, it might well have been intro- 
 duced (along -with roots, or possibly in some other manner) from the 
 West-Indian islands. But, be this as it may, it seems (although de- 
 cidedly scarce) to be so generally distributed over the Group that we 
 may anticipate that it will be found ultimately to be universal, — 
 occurring, as it does, for the most part, beneath vegetable refuse 
 (especially of Sugar-canes and Maize) at intermediate and lofty alti- 
 tudes. It was captured by Mr. Gray and myself in the Ribeira Fria 
 and the Ribeira das Patas in S. Antao, as well as at Madeiralzinho 
 and on the summit of Monte Verde in S. Vicente, and by myseK in 
 the interior of S. lago, and in a Banana-ground above the Povoagao 
 in Brava. 
 
 In its generic characters of greatly-developed maxillaiy palpi and 
 anterior feet, as well as in its unmargined abdomen (the apex of which 
 is furnished with two acute spines), and the structure of its elytra 
 and hinder tibiae, P«?a>n'OMts has a good deal in common with (Edicliirus 
 — though most of the characters are less strongly expressed than is the 
 case in that group ; but (amongst many other points) in its front tibise 
 being considerably dilated it diflPers from the latter. In mere specific 
 details, apart from its comparatively minute size and pale hue, the 
 P. decussatus may be known by its shorter head and prothorax (which 
 are more evenly and densely, though at the same time sparingly, 
 punctured) , its more pilose sui'face, and the very remarkable sculpture 
 of its first four abdominal segments — which are impressed with regu- 
 lar and obliquely-crossing lines (Uke lattice-, or trellis-work), but 
 wholly unpunctured. Its colour is rufo-testaceous, with the Hmbs 
 extremely pallid, and the abdomen (which is brownish-ferruginous) 
 comparatively dark*. 
 
 * Judging solely from the diagnosis, the present Palamvms has probably a 
 good deal in common with Ericlison's P. variahilis (from the West Indies and 
 
~^-i STAPiivMxin.f;. 
 
 Genus 163. PINOPHILUS. 
 Gravenhorst, Col. Micropt. 201 (1802). 
 
 268. Pinophilus fossor, n. sp. 
 
 P. subcjlindrico-Hiiearis, nigcr (sed, capite excepto, obsoloto sub- 
 picesconte tinctus), griseo pubescens; cajDite subtriaiigulari, nitido, 
 grossc et parce puiictato punctulisque minoribus parce irrorato, 
 ociilis magiiis, prominentibus ; prothorace clongato-qiuidrato, pos- 
 tice vix aiigustiore, angulis posticis rotundatis, subopaco, miuu- 
 tissime ct creberrime piinctulato (quasi alutaeeo) punctisque ma- 
 joiibus sed levibus regulariter obsito, in disco postico tenuiter 
 carinato ; coleopteris abdomineque subopacis, illis (prothorace paulo 
 longioribus) dense et rugose punctatis, hoc marginato, leviiis 
 punctato, subiridescente, aj)ice ferrugineo; antennis gracilibus, tes- 
 taceis sed piceo variegatis ; palpis saturate testaceis ; pedibus 
 crassis, testaceis (anticis paulo rufescentioribus atque etiam crassiori- 
 bus, tarsis latissime subrotundato-dilatatis). — Long. corp. lin. 4^. 
 
 Habitat S. lago ; sub quisquiliis humidis fodiens, rarissimus. 
 
 Two examples of this fine Pinophilus were captured by myself, 
 beneath damp vegetable refuse, amongst Sugar-canes, at the Boa 
 Entrada of S'" Catharina, in the interior of S. lago. It may be 
 known by its narrow, elongate outline, deep-black, shining, subtri- 
 angular, and coarsely (but sparingly) punctured head, and by the 
 faintly p«ceoits-black hue of the rest of its surface, except the limbs 
 — its legs (especially the anterior ones) being incrassated and testa- 
 ceous, whilst its antennae and palpi are slender and of a more piceous 
 tint! Its prothorax is elongate-quadrate, very slightly narrowed 
 posteriorly, with the hinder angles rounded, most minutely and 
 thickly punctulate (which causes it to be sabopake, and as it were 
 alutaceous), and also densely beset with larger but exceedingly light 
 punctules ; its elytra are closely but roughly punctured, and its 
 abdomen (which is margined at the sides, ferruginous at the apex, 
 and subiridescent) much more finely but quite as densely so*. 
 
 Columbia) — at any rate with \\\9 fifth variety of it, or form, which is thus enun- 
 ciated : " Duplo vel triplo minor (long. 1 J lin.), pallide flavo-testaceus, imma- 
 culatus, antennis pedibusque albidis." Still that species is described as having 
 the last antennal joint abruptly incrassated, and its prothorax widely emarginate 
 in front, so as to cause the angles to bs rather acute — which does not apply to 
 the Cape Verde member of the genus ; and therefore I do not think that it 
 would be safe, in the absence of a type for comparison, to identify it with the 
 variabilis. Moreover it is far from unlikely tliat even Erichson's so-called 
 " var. 5 " may be specifically distinct from the other four states to which he calls 
 attention. 
 
 * The Ca]io Verde Pinnpf/ilus is a liltle allied to the Egyptian P. lircricollis ; 
 but it is rather larger and darker (or less picesceut) ; its head jjarticularly is 
 
STAPIIYLINID.E. 253 
 
 (Subfam. OXYTELIDES.) 
 
 Genus 164. BLEDIUS. 
 (Leacli) Stephens, III. Brit. Ent. v. 307 (1832). 
 
 269. Bledius vitulns. 
 
 B. capite prothoraceque grosse alutaeeis, subopacis, iHo pieeo et 
 utrinque cornu lamellifornii erecto (in mai'ibus altissimo subcultri- 
 formi sed ad apicem oblique subemarginato-truncato) instructo, 
 hoc clare rufo-ferrugineo, ■ transverso-quadrato, ad latera recto, 
 basi rotundato, parce et grosse (sed vix prof unde) punctato necnon 
 argute canaliculato ; elytris abdomiueque nitidioribus, illis densius 
 sed minus grosse punctatis, testaceis (sutura anguste obscuriore), 
 hoc fere impunctato, fusco-testaceo, segmentis 6'" et 7"'° utrinque 
 (rarius omnino) suffuse nigrescentibus ; antenuis piceo-ferrugineis, 
 basi clarioribus ; pedibus testaceis, tibiis anticis (rarius omnibus) 
 picescentioribus. — Long. corp. lin. 2|-vix 3|. 
 
 Bledius vitulus, Erich., Gen. et Spec. Staph. 761 (1839). 
 
 januvianus, Woll., Cat. Can. Col. 593 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Ail. 514 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; in Salinis pone oras maritimas captus. 
 
 I took many examples of this large Bledius (which is closely 
 allied to the B. hicornis of Southern Europe) on the slimy, brackish 
 mud of some small Salinas, which had been dug on the sandy flats 
 immediately behind the sea-beach in S. Vicente — about a mile to 
 the south of Porto Grande. "We may consequently expect to meet 
 with it in salt places generally, and particularly perhaps in the 
 eastern islands of the Group. Apart from its large size (for a Ble- 
 dius), it may be known by its head being piceous and armed on 
 either side with an erect lamelliform process (small in the females, 
 but large and somewhat coulter-, or falchion-shaped in the opposite 
 sex — though truncated, and even subemarginate, at its apex), by its 
 prothorax being clear rufo-ferruginous, squarish, much straightened 
 at the sides, and (like the head) alutaceous, but sparingly besprinkled 
 with large punctures, by its elytra being more or less testaceous, 
 and more thickly punctured, by its abdomen being almost unsculp- 
 tured, and brownish-testaceous, but blackened on either side of its 
 sixth and seventh segments, and by its antennae being piceo-ferru- 
 ginous, whilst the legs are testaceous, but with their tibiae slightly 
 
 blacker, as well as more deeply (but much more sparingly) punctured, with the 
 eyes more developed and prominent ; its prothorax and elytra are longer, and 
 the former is verj/ much more finely punctulate ; its antenna? are more varie- 
 gated (the apical portion of most of the joints being infxiscate) ; and its pubes- 
 cence is of a less fulvous hue. 
 
254- STAPH YLINID.V.. 
 
 infuscated. It appears to be conspecific with a Bledius (which 
 Pauvel has recently identified with the B. vitulus from Arabia) cap- 
 tured by myself at the edges of the salt lake of Janiivio, in Lanza- 
 rote — one of the eastern islands of the Canarian Grouj) ; for although 
 the lamelUform process of its male sex may perhaps be a little more 
 developed than is the case in the Canarian examples (if indeed, 
 amongst the latter, I possess undoubted males), in all other respects 
 it agrees perfectly with the Lanzarotan species, and the greater or 
 less development of the frontal processes in these cornuted Bledii is 
 a matter of but trifling importance. 
 
 Genus 165. OXYTELUS. 
 Gravenhorst, Col Mkropt. 101 (1802). 
 
 270. Oxytelus depauperatus, n. sp. 
 
 0. niger, subnitidus ; capite prothoraceque leviter insequaliter punc- 
 tatis, hoc transverso, in medio leviter longitudinaliter 3-sulcato 
 (sulcis externis paulo flexuosis et antice evanescentibus), versus 
 latera longitudinaliter strigoso, utrinque in medio late impresso ; 
 elytris testaceis, in regione scuteUari ssepius paulo obscuratis, 
 punctatis et minus grosse strigosis ; abdomine piceo-nigro, apice 
 dilutiore, alutaceo ; antennis testaceis, apicem versus sensim ob- 
 fuscatis ; pedibus pallide testaceis. 
 
 Mas capite majore et paulo magis rotundato, sed ocuHs subminori- 
 bus (aut potius vix ad basin ejus postice ductis) ; prothorace (vix 
 picescentiore ? ) antice sublatiore. — Long. corp. Hn. circa If. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et S. lago ; hinc inde in stercore bovino. 
 
 Obs. — Species 0. piceo (Europseo, necnon in ins. Maderensibus 
 Canariensibusque occurrenti) affinis, at major, minus profunda 
 punctata sed tamen distinctius strigulosa, capite postice integro 
 (nee canaliculato), clypeo magis depresso et apice hand elevate, 
 necnon antennis brevioribus ac pallidioribus. 
 
 This is the only Oxytelus which has hitherto been detected in the 
 Cape Yerde archipelago ; and even it appeared to be scarce, though 
 perhaps at a dififerent season of the year it might be more abundant. 
 It is found in the dung of cattle ; and the few specimens which I 
 have seen were taken by myself — at Tarrafal and in the Ribeira da 
 Babosa in S. Antao, and at San Domingos in S. lago. In its testa- 
 ceous elytra and general details it is closely allied to the European 
 0. piceus (which occurs likewise in the Madeiran and Canarian 
 Groups) ; but it is smaller and less deeply punctured, though rather 
 more distinctly strigulose both on its elytra and towards either side 
 of its prothorax ; its head is free from an abbreviated channel be- 
 
staphvlixid.t:. 255 
 
 hind, with the clypeus more depressed and not raised at the apex ; 
 and its antennae are shorter and paler. 
 
 Genus 166. TROGOPHLffiUS. 
 
 Mannerheim, Brachel. 49 (1831). 
 
 271. TrogopMcBus transversalis. 
 
 T. niger, suhnitidus, subcinereo pubescens, dense et distincte punc- 
 txilatus; oculis sat raagnis, prominentibiis ; prothorace breviter sub- 
 cordato, basi profimde transversim notato, in disco antico inaequali 
 (so. foveolis obsoletis impresso) ; elytris amplis, depressiusculis, 
 apice ferriTgineo-dilutioribiis ; abdomine multo minutius piinctu- 
 lato ; antennis nigrescentibiis, basi paulo diliitioribus ; pedibus 
 piceo-testaceis. — Long. corp. lin. 1|. 
 
 Trogophloeus transversalis, Woll, Cat. Mad. Col. 202 (1857). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 598 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 518 (1865). 
 
 Habited S. Vicente ; rarissimus, in intermediis bis deprehensus. 
 
 A Troffophloetis which occurs, though very sparingly, both in the 
 Madeiran and Canarian Groups, and which appears to be equally 
 scarce in the Cape Verdes — the only two examples which I have 
 seen having been taken by myself in S, Vicente. It may be known 
 by its rather large size (for a TrogopMceus), its dark hue, its con- 
 siderably developed, squarish elytra, the extreme hinder portion of 
 which is diluted, or rufo-ferruginous, and by its antennae being 
 nearly black, whilst the legs are piceo-testaceous. Its head, pro- 
 thorax, and elytra are densely, and somewhat coarsely, punctured ; 
 and its prothorax (which is a good deal, and rather suddenly, nar- 
 rowed behind) is remarkable for the very deep transverse impression 
 at the base, while the fore disk is merely branded with a few shal- 
 low, confused, obsolete foveae. Judging from the specimens before 
 me, it would seem to have its elytra less broadly ferruginous behind 
 in the Cape Verde archipelago than is the case with it in the Ma- 
 deiras and Canaries. 
 
 272. Trogophloeus dilutus, n. sp. 
 
 T. pallidulus, suhnitidus, cinereo pubescens ; capite prothoraceque 
 subcoriaceis, vix perspicue (sed oculo fortissime armato minute et 
 parce) punctulatis, illo majusciilo latiusculo piceo-ferrugineo, ocu- 
 Hs parvis, hoc brevi, clare rufo-ferrugineo, basi leviter transversim 
 notato et obsoletissime subcarinato, in disco antico subinaequali 
 (sc. foveolis obsoletis impresso) ; elytris rufo-testaceis, distinctius 
 punctatis : abdomine testaceo-fuseo, laxo retieulato-coriaceo punc- 
 
256 STAPIIYLINID^. 
 
 tulisquc minutissimis parce irrorato ; antennis (art" ult" majusciilo) 
 tibiisque ferrugineis, illis ad basin, femoribus tarsisqiie testaceis. 
 — Long. Corp. lin. 1^. 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et S. lago ; inter quisquilias in humidis, rarissi- 
 mus. 
 
 This is a little smaller than the last species ; and it may be known 
 by being pale, instead of black, — the head (which is rather large 
 and wide, with the eyes small) being piceo-ferruginous, whilst the 
 prothorax is clear rufo-ferniginous, the elytra rnfo-testaceous, and 
 the abdomen, antenna?, and tibiae brownish-testaceous, except the 
 base of the second, the femora, and tarsi, which are testaceous. Its 
 head and prothorax are somewhat coriaceous (though sjyarhigly be- 
 set with minute punctules, when viewed beneath the microscope) ; 
 and the latter has much the same kind of impressions as the T. 
 transversalis — only considerably shallower, and the basal (subar- 
 cuated) one having a slight tendency to be interrupted in the middle 
 by a faint, obsolete carina. The only two specimens which I have 
 seen were taken by myself — one, beneath wet vegetable refuse, at 
 Tarrafal in the south of S. Antao, and the other in the E-ibeira dos 
 Orgaos of S. lago. 
 
 273. Trogophloeus oculatus. 
 
 T. angustulus, niger (aut subpiceo-niger), subnitidus, subtiliter ci- 
 nereo pubescens ; capite prothoraceque minute et dense punctu- 
 latis, oculis magnis (fere at basin capitis postice ductis), hoc bre- 
 viter subcordato, in disco postico utrinque longitudinaliter biim- 
 presso ; elytris distinctius punctatis ; abdomine dense et minutius 
 ruguloso-punctulato ; antennis pedibusque breviusculis, illis gra- 
 ciliusculis nigro-piceis basi paulo rufescentioribus; pedibus saturate 
 testaceis. — Long. corp. lin. vix l^. 
 
 Trogophloeus bilineatus, Woll. [nee Erich.\ Cat. Can. Col. 599 (1864). 
 oculatus, III, Col. Atl. Append. 74 (1865). 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et S. lago ; in locis similibus ac praecedens. 
 
 The two examples (one of which I took in S. Antao, and the 
 other in S. lago) from which the above diagnosis has been compiled 
 do not seem to me to differ specifically from the Canarian T. ocu- 
 latus — though their eyes are perhaps a little less developed, and 
 their punctation just appreciably finer. The species belongs to 
 much the same type as the European T. bilineatus ; but it is a trifle 
 smaller and narrower, with its elytra somewhat less enlarged, its 
 eyes distinctly longer, and its limbs perceptibly shorter. Still, since 
 the examples before me arc not veiy satisfactory ones, I will not be 
 
STAPHYLINIDvE. 257 
 
 absolutely certain that they should not rather be referred to some 
 other, but very closely allied, species. 
 
 274, Trogophloeus bledioides. 
 
 T. piceo-niger, subopacus, subtiliter cinereo pubescens ; capite pro- 
 thoraceque minutissime et densissime punctulatis(aut quasi grosse 
 granulato-alutaceis),illo magno lato ovali, mandibulis majusculis, 
 hoc augustulo longiuseulo cylindrico-cordato integro (i. e. baud 
 foveolato) ; elytris crebre, argute et distincte punctatis ; antennis 
 brevibus, nigrescentibus, ad basin paulo dilutioribus ; pedibus sa- 
 turate testaccis. — Long. corp. liu. |-1. 
 
 Trogophloeus bledioides, WolL, Cat. Can. Col 601 (1864). 
 , Id., Col. u±U. 520 (1865), 
 
 Habitat S. Antao, et S. Vicente ; in humidis et subaquosis degens. 
 
 The very minute size of this little Trogophlceus would, of itself, 
 distinguish it from the preceding members of the genus ; but it may 
 be further known by its head and prothorax (the former of which is 
 relatively large and oval, whilst the latter is narrower or less trans- 
 verse than is usually the case, and quite free from fovece) being so 
 closely and minutely punctulated that they have more the aj^pear- 
 ance of being coarsely alutaceous, or granulate, by its elytra being 
 sharply, densely, and conspicuously punctured, by its antennae being 
 rather short and dark, and hj its mandibles being a good deal de- 
 veloi)ed. I have taken it sparingly in damp places of low and inter- 
 mediate altitudes, — namely at Tarrafal in the south of S, Antao, and 
 at Madeiralzinho in S. Vicente. 
 
 (Subfam. PIESTIDES.) 
 
 Genus 167. ISOMALUS. 
 Erichson, Ge7i. et Spec. Staph. 838 (1839). 
 
 275. Isomalus hesperidum. 
 
 I. niger, nitidissimus, glaberrimus, valde depressus, subtilissime stri- 
 gulosus sed fere impunctatus (oculo fortissime armato punetulis 
 minutissimis parce irroratus) ; capite magno, subquadi'ato, piano, 
 ocuhs parvis ; prothorace cordato, postice fortiter angustato, late- 
 ribus vix pone medium leAiter excisis, denticulum anguliformem 
 efficientibus, in dorso (prajsertim postice) latissime longitudinaliter 
 depresso, apice intra angulos anticos utrinque foveolato ; elytris 
 brevibus, singulis puncto discali impressis ; antennis fusco-piceis, 
 ad basin pedibusque clare piceis, tarsis pallidioribus. — Long. corp. 
 lin. 2i. 
 
258 STAPHYLINID.E. 
 
 Isomalus Hesperidum, Woll., Aym. Nat. Hist. xx. 504 (1857). 
 Habitat S. Vicente ; a DD. Gray et Clark, Decembri 1856, semel 
 captus. 
 
 The single specimen described above was amongst the few insects 
 wbicli were collected by Mr. Gray and the Eev, Hamlet Clark, 
 during their day's sojourn at S. Vicente, in December 1856 ; but it 
 is the only one that I have yet seen. I have no reason to doubt the 
 correctness of its professed habitat ; but it is certain that we did not 
 meet with any traces of it during our late (and more careful) ex- 
 plorations in the same island ; and therefore I cannot but feel that 
 further evidence would be desirable, both concerning its habits and 
 its precise locality — an observation, I may add, which applies to no ■ 
 less than three of the species (namely the present one, the Xeno- 
 glceus j)olitus, and the Trigonorhinus paixlaJis) which were handed 
 over to me by Mr. Clark as having been captured by himself and 
 Mr. Gray in S. Vicente. Judging however from its extremely flat- 
 tened form and primd facie aspect, I shoidd be inclined to suspect 
 that it may perhaps be found within the crevices of the mud in 
 saline spots around Porto Grande, in which they appear to have 
 searched — though this is merely a conjecture, and must not in any 
 degree be trusted. 
 
 In its black, highly polished, exceedingly glabrous, almost un- 
 Bculptured, and very depressed surface, the /. hesperidum is totally 
 distinct (apart from its generic features) from eveiy other Staphy- 
 linid with which Ave have here to do ; and its largely developed, sub- 
 quadrate, flattened head, and small eyes, in conjunction with its 
 cordate, posteriorly attenuated prothorax, which is widely impressed 
 down the disk (particularly behind) and has a httle shallow exca- 
 vation in the centre of either side (which shapes out a minute an- 
 gnliform denticle), and the conspicuous puncture in the middle of 
 each elytron, will still further tend to characterize it. 
 
(1) For the 3 species^ tlie habitats of wJiich are marl-ed tTiusf, I 
 
 consider that more conclusive evidence is required before it 
 can be looked upon as absolutely certain that they were really 
 captured in the Cape Yerdes. 
 
 (2) The species in italics have not, so far as I am aware, been ob- 
 
 served hitherto except in the Cape Verdes, — though we may 
 be quite sure that a proportion of them wiU. sooner or later be 
 detected elsewhere, and it is possible that certain others of 
 them may, in reality, be but geographical modifications of 
 species (the names of which, preceded by an -«— «, I have 
 usually indicated within brackets) which are already known. 
 
 (3) As an aid to the eye, I have added the letters M and C to 
 
 those species which have been observed in the Madeiran and 
 Canarian Groups. There are certain ones, however, which do 
 not appear to be quite identical with those of the above- 
 mentioned archipelagos, though at the same time so nearly 
 allied to them that (even whilst describing them as new 
 species) it is doubtful whether they are more in reality 
 than geographical modifications of the latter. To such 
 forms as these I have appended an m or c, as the case 
 may be ; and I may add that for the various problems 
 connected with the question of geographical distribution, 
 they may be regarded practically as conspecific with their 
 more northern representatives. 
 
 1 Trigonorhhms pardalis, Xcnogloevs polifus, and IsomaJv.s hesperidvm, — all 
 communicated by the Eev. Hamlet Clark, and aiqypoiicd to have been taken by him- 
 self and Mr. Gray during their day's sojourn at S. Vicente in December 1866. 
 
261 
 
 INDEX TOPOGEAPHICUS, 
 
 Fam. 1, Cicindelidse. 
 
 1. CiCINDELA, L. 
 
 1. hespericlum, W. [* — mtUttoralis, F.] 
 
 2. eegyptiaca (Klug), Dej , 
 
 Fam. 2. Carabidae. 
 
 {Carahides.) 
 
 2. Calosoma, Weber. 
 
 3. senegalense, Dej 
 
 4. tegidatum, W. \j^~^indagator, F.] m c 
 
 5. imbricatum, Klug 
 
 {Scaritides.) 
 
 3. DYSCHiRirs, Bon. 
 
 6. auricidatus, W. [j*—^?extensus, Putz.] 
 
 {Lehiades.) 
 
 4. Platytabus, Fainn. 
 
 7. Famiuii, Dej 
 
 5. Tarus, Clairv. 
 
 8. alutaceiis, W 
 
 9. Dulirnii, W. \^*—^ahdaceus^ W.] 
 
 10. ancliomenoides, W. \_-*^-fBt?alutaceus, W.] 
 
 6. Dromius, Bon. 
 
 11. attenuatus, W. . . 
 
 12. siibmacidatus, W 
 
 7. Metabletus, Gobel. 
 
 13. Groi/ii, W 
 
 8. Blechrus, Mots. 
 
 14. strigicollis, W 
 
 9. Amblystomus, Eiicb. 
 
 15. virididus, Erich 
 
 10. lineatus, W 
 
 10. Xenothorax, W. 
 
 17. hexagonus, W 
 
 11. Masoreus (Ziegl.), Dej. 
 
 18. spinipes, W 
 
 19. ascendens, W 
 
 (Chlce^niides.) 
 
 12. Chljenius, Bon. 
 
 20. micosignatus, W 
 
 21. Boisduvalii, Dej 
 
 22. consangmnetiSfW . \_-*—>mBoisduvalu, Dej.] 
 
 {Ptcrostichides. ) 
 
 13. PoGONrs (Ziegl.), Dej. 
 
 23. Gravii, W C 
 
 A 
 
262 
 
 INDEX TOPOGRAPHICUS. 
 
 14. Pterostichtjs, auct. 
 
 24. profundecretiatus, W 
 
 (Harpalides.) 
 
 15. Cratognathus, Dej. 
 
 25. lahiatus, Erich c 
 
 16. HAEPAI.US, Lat. 
 
 2G. Paivanm, W 
 
 27. serioiotatus, W 
 
 17. DiCHIROTEICHUS, Duv. 
 
 28. lineato-jnchis, W 
 
 18. Stenolophus (Meg.), Steph. 
 
 29. subrelucens, W 
 
 (^Trechides.') 
 
 19. Tbechichus, Lee. 
 
 30. fitnicola, W M 
 
 20. Pebileptiis, Schm. 
 
 31. areolatus, Creutz. [»-^nigritidus, W.] c 
 
 (£e7nbidiades.) 
 
 21. Tachys (Ziegl.), Steph. 
 
 32. atomarms, W 
 
 33. centromaculatus, W C 
 
 34. cmn-imauus, W. y-^r-mtA-signatus, Dufts.] . . M C 
 
 35. Lucasii, Duv M 
 
 22. Bemuidium, Lat. 
 
 (Peryplius, Meg.) 
 
 36. hesperidmn, W 
 
 (Lopha, Meg.) 
 
 37. subcallosum, W. \_-*--<acaUostim, Kiist.]. . . . m C 
 
 Fam. 3. Dytiscidae. 
 
 23. Hyphydrus, lUig. 
 
 38. crasstis, W. \_-^r--<msc7-iptus, F.] 
 
 24. CoPELATUS, Erich. 
 
 39. formosus, W 
 
 25. Eunectes, Erich. 
 
 40. subcoriaceus, W. [• 
 
 41. helvolus, Klug [-^ 
 
 26. Cybister, Cm-t. 
 
 42. africanus, Lap C 
 
 Fam. 4. GyrinidaB. 
 
 27. DiNEUTUS, MacLeay. 
 
 43. sereus, Kl 
 
 44. subspinosus, Kl 
 
 MM 
 02 pR 
 
 -^=xsticticus, L.] Me 
 
 t?sticticus, L.] M 
 
 Fam. 5. Helophoridse. 
 
 28. OciiTHEBius, Leach. 
 
 45. 4-foveolatus, W. [^-^?punctatiis, Steph.] M C 
 
 29. IIydr^na, Kugel. 
 
 46. quadricollis, W C 
 
 * * 
 * 
 
INDEX TOPOGRAPHICUS. 
 
 263 
 
 Fam. 6. Hydrophilidae. 
 
 80. Hydboxenus, W. 
 
 47. subpictus, W 
 
 48. minor, W 
 
 SI. HLelochabes, Mills. 
 
 49. dilutus, Erich 
 
 32. Philhydrus, Sol. 
 
 50. melauoceplialus, 01 M C 
 
 S3. Sternolophus, Sol. 
 
 51. Solieri, Lap. 
 
 34. Hydrobius, Leach. 
 
 52. phalacroides, W 
 
 Fam. 7. Sphseridiadse. 
 
 35. Cyclonotum (Dej.), Erich. 
 
 53. orbiculare, F C 
 
 36. Dactylosternum, W. 
 
 54. abdomiuale, F M C 
 
 37. Cercyon, Leach. 
 
 55. Jimicola^ W 
 
 56. jndricola, W 
 
 38. Cryptopleubum, MbIs. 
 
 57. sulcatum, W 
 
 Fam. 8. Cybocephalidae. 
 
 39. Cybocephaltjs, Erich. 
 
 58. nitens, W. [^-^i^sjyhcsrula, W.] m c 
 
 Fam. 9. Corylophidae. 
 
 40. Arthrolips, W. 
 
 59. testudinalis, W 
 
 41. Orthoperus, Steph. 
 
 60. atomarius, Heer M 
 
 42. Sebicoderus, Steph. 
 
 61. lateralis (TNleg.), Gyll M C 
 
 Fam. 10. Ptiliadae. 
 
 43. ACROTRICHIS, Mots. 
 
 62. invisihilis, Nietn 
 
 Fam. 11. Phalacridse. 
 
 44. Phalacbus, Payk. 
 
 63. aterrimus, W 
 
 45. Olibbus, Erich. 
 
 64. gemma, W , 
 
 65. notatus, W 
 
 46. LiTHOCBUs, Erich. 
 
 66. pallidus, W 
 
 Fam. 12. Nitidulidae. 
 47. Caepophilus (Leach), Steph. 
 67. hemipterus, L 
 
 MC 
 
264 
 
 INDEX TOPOGRAPHICUS. 
 
 47. CARroPHTLrs (continued), 
 
 68. mutilatiis(Ho{fin.), Er. [-t— »rftVmWiait<s, F.] Mc 
 
 69. diiuidiatus, F. ..." M C 
 
 Fam, 13. Monotomidae. 
 
 48. MONOTOMA, Ilbst. 
 
 70. spiuicollis, Auh6 
 
 MC 
 
 Fam. 14. EndopMoeidae. 
 
 49. Sy^-ohyta, llellw. 
 
 71. wipressa, W , 
 
 72. crenicoUis, W , 
 
 50. Ditoma, Hbst. 
 
 73. hfctiformis, W 
 
 74. linearis, W 
 
 51. CossY-pHODES, Westw. 
 
 75. Wollastonii, Westw M C 
 
 Fam. 15. TrogositidsB. 
 
 52. Teogosita, Oliv. 
 
 76. maiuitauica, L 
 
 M C 
 
 Fam. 16. Cucujidae. 
 
 53. L^MOPHLCEUS, Erich. 
 
 77. politissi?)ms, W 
 
 78. clavicoUis, W M C 
 
 54. SiLTAXUs, Lat. 
 
 79. suriuamensis, L M C 
 
 80. inarmatus, W 
 
 Fam. 17. CryptophagidsB. 
 65. Ceyttophagus, Hbst. 
 
 81. scauic-us, L ^ 
 
 82. dentatus, Hbst M C * 
 
 56. Leucohimatium, Rosenh. 
 
 83. elongatum, Ericb M C * 
 
 57. Paeamecosoma, Curt. 
 
 84. simplex, W M C * 
 
 Fam. 18. Latridiadae. 
 
 58. HoLOPARAMECUs, Curt. 
 
 85. hipartitus, W [-« 
 
 59. CoBTiCARiA, Mshm. 
 
 86. serrata, Payk M C 
 
 87. immatura, W 
 
 88. bicolor, W [=»—*-? immatura, W.] 
 
 89. obliterata, W 
 
 60. Lateidius, Hbst. 
 
 90. miuutus, L M C 
 
 61. Metophthalmus, W. 
 
 91. creteicoUis, W. [-« — ^asperatus, W.] ml* 
 
 »? niger, Aube] m c 
 
 CO CO 
 
INDEX TOPOGRAPHICUS. 
 
 265 
 
 Fam. 19. Mycetophagidse. 
 
 62. Myrmecoxenus, Chev. 
 
 92. vaporariorum, Gu6r m c 
 
 63. TYPH.EA (Kby), Steph. 
 
 93. fumata, L M C 
 
 64. LiTAKi^us, Erich. 
 
 94. trifasciatus, W. [»•—*-? j!>j7osms, W.] m C 
 
 Fam. 20. Dermestidae. 
 
 65. Debmestes, L. 
 
 95. vulpinus, F M C 
 
 66. Attagenus, Lat. 
 
 96. ensicornis, W. [ < «■? Scheeferi, Hbst] .... m c 
 
 Fam. 21, ByrrMdae. 
 
 67. LiMNiCHUS (Ziegl.), Lat. 
 
 97. fragiUcornis, W 
 
 Fam. 22. Histeridae. 
 
 68. Teretrius, Erich. 
 
 98. corticalis,W 
 
 69. Saprtnus, Erich. 
 
 99. equestris, Erich 
 
 100. perinterruptus, de Mars, [^/m—^-equestris, Er.] . . . . 
 
 101. semipunctatus, F 
 
 102. PaivrB, W 
 
 103. gemiiuitus, W 
 
 104. minyops, W C 
 
 Paromalus, Erich. 
 
 105. diyitatiis, W 
 
 70 
 
 Fam. 23. Aphodiadae. 
 
 71. Aphobius, Illig-. 
 
 106. tseniatus, W m C 
 
 107. lividus, Oliv M C 
 
 108. Paivanus, W. [< — ^lividiis, 01.] m c 
 
 109. RenclalUi,'\\ 
 
 72. Ehyssemus, Muls. 
 
 110. rugatus, W 
 
 Fam. 24. Trogidae. 
 
 73. Trox, F. 
 
 111. nohilis, W 
 
 Fam. 25. Cetoniadae. 
 
 74. DiPLOGNATHA, G. et p. 
 
 112. gagates, Forst. . 
 
 Fam. 26. Elateridae. 
 
 75. Heterodebes, Lat. 
 
 113. grisescens, Germ. 
 
266 
 
 INDEX TOPOGRAPHICUS. 
 
 Fam. 27. Malachiidae. 
 76. Pecteropus, \V. 
 
 114. MiUcri, W 
 
 77, 
 
 Fam. 28. Cleridae. 
 Apteroclerus, W. 
 
 115. fusiformis, W 
 
 78. MiCROCLERUS, W. 
 
 IIG. Duhrnii, W. [_■* — ^euphorbice, W.] 
 
 117. eKphorbice, ^\. 
 
 79. CORYXETES, Hbst. 
 
 118. rufipes, Thunb C 
 
 Fam. 29. Ptinidse. 
 
 80. IVIezium, Curt. 
 
 119. sulcatum, F M C 
 
 81. MiCROPTINUS, W. 
 
 120. echinatus, W 
 
 82. Sphjericus, W. 
 
 121. tuber culicoUis, W. \_-*^-tmalbopictus, W.] .... m c 
 
 83. PlARUS, W. 
 
 122. Lowei, W 
 
 Fam. 30. Anobiadae. 
 
 84. Xyletinus, Lat. 
 
 123. ferrugiueus, W 
 
 85. NoTioismius, W. 
 
 124. lineatus, W 
 
 8G. Anobium, F. 
 
 125. paniceum, L M C 
 
 Fam. 31. Bostrychidae. 
 
 87. BosTRYCHUs, Geofir. 
 
 126. Grayanus, W 
 
 88. Ehizopertha, Steph. 
 
 127. bifoveolata, W 
 
 M 
 
 Fam. 32. Lyctidse. 
 
 89. Lyctus, F. 
 
 128. cequalis, W. . , 
 
 129. jatrophcp, W. [- 
 
 130. obdtus^ W. . . . 
 
 tbrunneus, Steph.] 
 
 m? perforans, W.] 
 
 Fam. 33. Tomicidse. 
 
 90. Tojncus, Lat. 
 
 131. perforans, W 
 
 132. trypanceoides, W. [ 
 
 91. Cryphalus, Ericli. 
 
 133. nmcronifer, W 
 
 134. aspericoUis, W M C 
 
 92. Aphanarthrum, W. 
 
 135. hespe7-idu7n, W. \_tr—mpiscatonum, W.] .... m c 
 
INDEX TOPOGRAPHICUS. 
 
 267 
 
 93. LlPAKTHKUM, W. 
 
 136. Loweanum, W. [_■= 
 
 mLoicei, W.] c 
 
 Fam. 34. Curculionidae. 
 
 94. Rbcyncolus (Creutz.), Germ. 
 
 137. euphorhianim, W 
 
 95. Phxceophagus, Schon. 
 
 138. obesulus, W. [^-^—mccndiiim, W.] c 
 
 96. Pentatemnus, W. 
 
 139. affinis, W. l^—mmarenarius, W.] c 
 
 97. Mesites, Sclion. 
 
 140. Hesperus, W 
 
 98. SiTOPHiLUS, Sclion. 
 
 141. grauarius, L M C 
 
 142. oryz£e, L M C 
 
 99. Naxophyes, Schon. 
 
 143. longipes, W 
 
 100. AuLETES, Sclion. 
 
 144. eiiphorbice, W m c 
 
 101. Apion, Hbst. 
 
 145. A-spinosum, W 
 
 102. MiCROLAEiNus, Hoch. 
 
 146. hjpriformis, W. {j^-tnLareynei, Duv.] 
 
 103. LixLTS, F. 
 
 147. creteopictus, W 
 
 104. Cleonus, Schon. 
 
 148. mucidus, Germ 
 
 105. Gkonops, Schon. 
 
 149. pallidukis, W 
 
 106. DiNAS, W. 
 
 150. rufficollis, W 
 
 151. elliptipennis, W. \_t^-^? obsita, W.] 
 
 152. angustida, W. \j*—^obsita, W.] 
 
 153. obsita, W 
 
 154. sitoncBformis, W. [■*—«? oJsj'te, W.] 
 
 Fam. 35. Anthribidae. 
 
 107. TniGOxoRHiNus, W. 
 
 155. pardalis, W 
 
 Fam. 36. Bruchidae. 
 
 108. Bruchus, Geofir. 
 
 156. ccdcarattis, W 
 
 157. ainplicornis, W 
 
 Fam. 37. Crioceridae. 
 
 109. Lema, F. 
 
 158. Milhriana, W 
 
 159. Clarhiana, W 
 
 110. Crioceris, Geoffr. 
 
 160. luridotestacea, W 
 
268 
 
 INDEX TOPOGRAPHICUS. 
 
 Fam. 38. Gallerucidse. 
 111. Calomicrus, Steph. 
 
 IGI. tcmiatus, W 
 
 Fam. 39. Halticidae. 
 
 112. Haltica, GeoiFr. 
 (Phvllotreta, Chev.) 
 
 162. Dohrmana, W. . 
 IG;}. Iceviceps, W. [*— 
 1(54. sitbatra, W. [-.^-ai 
 (Aphthona, Chev.) 
 
 165. Iceoissima, W. [-«- 
 
 166. sif/natifrons, W. [• 
 
 113. LONQITARSUS, Lat. 
 
 167. stenocyphon, W. [- 
 1G8. laxiconiis, W. [-^ 
 
 114. Argosomus, W. 
 
 169. epilachnoides, W. 
 
 170. ohscuripennis, W. 
 
 Fam. 40. Cassididse. 
 
 115. AspiDOJiORPHA, Hope. 
 
 ^7)iel(sna, 111.] 
 atra, Iloffm.] 
 
 «? euphorbia, Sclir.] 
 -^?Jlaviceps, All.] 
 
 tpersimilis, W.] m c 
 
 ^ stenocyphon, W.] .... m c 
 
 171. cincta, F. 
 
 Fam. 41. Coccinellidae. 
 
 116. Cydonia, Mills. 
 
 172. vicina (Dej.), Muls 
 
 117. ExocHROJirs, Redt. 
 
 173. nigTipennis, Erich 
 
 118. Coccinella, L. 
 
 174. 7-pimctata, L M C 
 
 175. artemisice, W 
 
 119. ScYMNrs, Kugel. 
 
 176. carhmiarius, W 
 
 177. palluhdus, W 
 
 178. 7n'yropichis,'W.[^»—^?canariensis,W.] ....mc 
 
 179. posticus, W. [^^-^oricola, W.] m c 
 
 180. Jloricola, W m c 
 
 181. f /-actus, W. [^m—^maculos'us, W.] m c 
 
 182. j)icfurafus, W. l^^^^? maculosus, W.] m c 
 
 183. viaritimus, "W. [^—a,??maculosus, W.] .... m c 
 
 184. vicotispicuus, W 
 
 185. clep7'essiusctdis, W 
 
 Fam. 42. Tentyriadae. 
 
 120. ILeoeter, Lat. 
 
 186. tristis, F M C 
 
 121. Oxycara, Erich. 
 
 187. hegeteroides, Erich 
 
 188. ebenina, W. [* — >m? hegeteroides, Er.] 
 
 189. castanea, W 
 
 190. pedinoides, Erich 
 
 191. Icevis, W. [t^--^j)edinoides, Er.] 
 
 192. cribrata, W. ['^—mi?':' pedinoides, Er.] 
 
INDEX TOPOGRAPHICUS. 
 
 269 
 
 121, OxTCARA (continued). 
 
 193. s{?7iilis, W. I'^^amfpedinoides, Er.] . , 
 
 194. irrorata, W. [-« — ^??2)edinoides, Er.] 
 
 195. asperula, W 
 
 196. curta, W 
 
 Fam. 43. Scauridae. 
 
 122. ScAURus, F. 
 
 197. variolosus, W. . , 
 
 Fam. 44. Pedinidae. 
 
 123. Cenoscelis, W. 
 
 198. tibialis, W. 
 
 Fam, 45, Phylacidge. 
 124. Melanocoma, W. 
 
 199. vestita, W 
 
 Trichosternum, W. 
 
 200. tenebricosmn, Er. 
 
 201. vielanarium, Er. [-" 
 
 202. nicolense, W. [_* — « 
 
 203. gramdosiim, W. . . 
 
 125. 
 
 —^tenebricosuni, Er.] 
 denebricosum, Er.] . . . 
 
 Fam. 46. Opatridae. 
 
 126. Opatrum, F. 
 
 204. patruele (Dej.), Erich. ['e—*.hdost<m, W.1 ... . c 
 
 205. davipes, W '. 
 
 206. hispidum, Br M C 
 
 127. Halonomus, W. 
 
 207. ovatus, Erich, [^—^salinicolay W.] c 
 
 Fam. 47. Stizopidae. 
 
 128. Ammidium, Erich. 
 
 208. ciliatiou., Erich 
 
 Fam. 48. Trachyscelidae. 
 
 129. Anemia, de Castel. 
 
 209. craiisa, W 
 
 210. dentiadata, W. • 
 
 130. PSEUDANEMIA, W. 
 
 211. brevicoUis, W C 
 
 Fam. 49. Phaleriadse. 
 
 131. Phaleria, Lat. 
 
 212. Clarkii, W 
 
 213. parallela, W 
 
 Fam. 50. Ulomidae. 
 
 132. Pseudostene, W. 
 
 214. (tuffusta, AV. [i 
 
 133. Tribolium, MacL. 
 
 215. ferrugineum, F M C 
 
 'fossoria, "\V.] c 
 
270 
 
 INDEX TOPOGRAPIIICUS. 
 
 134. Gnathocebits, Thunb. 
 
 216. cornutus, F M C 
 
 135. Hypophlceus, F. 
 
 217. JicicoJa, W. [-«— nambiguus, W.] m 
 
 218. subdepressus, W C 
 
 219. lonfjicolUs, W 
 
 136. DiACLINA, Duv. 
 
 220. svffusa, W 
 
 137. Alphitobius, Steph. 
 
 221. diaperinus, Kugel M C 
 
 222. piceus, Oliv M C 
 
 138. Xenoglceus, W. 
 
 223. 2)olit2is, W 
 
 Fam. 51. (Edemeridse. 
 
 139. DiTYLvs, Schm. 
 
 224. pallidifs, W. [-^^-Btconcolor, Br.] c 
 
 Fam. 52. Meloidse. 
 
 140. Canthaeis, Geoffi". 
 
 225. Fn/ii, W 
 
 Fam. 53. Mordellidae. 
 
 141. AxASPis, Geoffi-. 
 
 226. hrevicornis, W 
 
 Fam. 54. Pedilidie. 
 
 142. PSEXJDOSCEAPTIA, W. 
 
 227. dimidiata, W 
 
 143. Xylophilus (Bon.), Lat. 
 
 228. gravidicornis, W 
 
 229. pallescens, W M C 
 
 Fam. 55. AntMcidae. 
 
 144. Anthicus, Payk. 
 
 230. floralis, F M C 
 
 231. crinitus, Laf. M C 
 
 232. dimidiatus, W C 
 
 233. rednctm, W 
 
 2 .2 W) 
 
 > ;2i hS 
 
 Fam. 56. Pselaphidse. 
 
 145. Bryaxis, Leach. 
 
 234. f/emmiila 
 
 Fam. 57. Staphylinidse. 
 
 (Aleocharides.) 
 14G. Homalota, Mann. 
 
 235. coriaria (MiU.), Kr M C 
 
 236. si(bjndresce7is, W. [ •*—-aKpHtrescens, W.] c 
 
 237. clientula, Erich. .'. M C 
 
 238. exsea-abi/is, W 
 
 239. f/lareosa, W 
 
 240. carbuncubis, W | ^ 
 
 m 
 
INDEX TOPOGRAPHICUS. 
 
 271 
 
 147. OxTPODA, Mann, 
 
 241. hydropafhica, W 
 
 148. AxEOCHAEA, Gray. 
 
 242. puberula, Kl M C 
 
 243. comma, W 
 
 244. A-2nmctata (Fauvel), W 
 
 149. Oligota, Mann. 
 
 24o. contempta, W m c 
 
 150. Nematoscelis, W. 
 
 246. filipes, W 
 
 ( Gymnnsicles?) 
 
 151. Myll^na, EriA. 
 
 247. fuscula, W. [-^-^elonf/ata, IMatth.] 
 
 ( TocJii/2}ondes.) 
 
 152. Leucopakyphus, Ivraatz. 
 
 248. silphoides, L. . ._ M 
 
 ( Quediides.) 
 
 153. TANTGXATHrs, Erich. 
 
 249. varicornis, W. [j*—>aiterminalis, Er.] 
 
 154. Heterothops (Kby), Steph. 
 
 250. minutus, W. [-^—mdksimilis, Gr.] M C 
 
 ( Staphylin ides.) 
 
 155. Philonthus (Leach), Steph. 
 
 251. marginipeunis (Gory), W 
 
 252. scybalarius, Nordm M C 
 
 253. ventralis, Gray M C 
 
 254. discoideus, Grav M C 
 
 255. sinuatus, W 
 
 256. turbidus, Erich M C 
 
 257. tenellus, W. \j^—^rocerulus, Gr.] m 
 
 (Xantholinides, ) 
 
 156. LEPTACmus, Erich. 
 
 258. parumpiinctatus, Gyll M C 
 
 (Pcederides.) 
 
 157. Scop^us, Erich. 
 
 259. crassipes, W. \j*—<ml(evigatus, Gyll.] c 
 
 260. Jiliformis, W 
 
 158. Lithochaeis, Erich. 
 
 261. ochracea, Grav M C 
 
 262. obsoleta, Nordm M 
 
 263. debilicorms,W MO 
 
 159. SuNius (Leach), Steph. 
 
 264. nigromaculatus, Mots 
 
 160. P^DERUS, F. 
 
 265. Erichsoni, W. [-«— ««s<m««5, Er.] 
 
 {Pinophilides.) 
 
 161. CEDiCHiBf s, Erich. 
 
 266. tei-minatus, Erich 
 
 162. Palaminus, Erich, 
 
 267. decussatus, W 
 
 163. PiNOPHiLUS, Grav, 
 
 268. fossor, W 
 
272 
 
 INDEX TOPOGRAPIIICUS. 
 
 {Oxytelides). 
 
 164. Blebius (Leach), Steph. 
 
 209. vitiilus, Erich. [*^ 
 
 165. OxYTELUs, Grav. 
 
 270. depaupercdus, W. [■> 
 160. Trogophxceus, Mann. 
 
 271. trausversalis, W. [- 
 
 272. cliUttus, W 
 
 273. oculatus, W C 
 
 274. bledioides, W.._ C 
 
 {Piestides.) 
 167. IsoMALUS, Erich. 
 
 276. hesperidum, W 
 
 thicwnis, Genn.] . . 
 i-^picetis, L.] .... 
 e— ? arcuatus, St.] M C 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 > 
 
 
 o 
 
 60 
 
 cs 
 
 6 
 
 c8 
 
 OQ 
 
 m 
 
 O! 
 
 ai 
 
 W 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 * 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 114 
 
 131 
 
 27 
 
 128 
 
 93 
 
 01 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 .ADDENDA ETC. 
 
 TO THE 
 
 'COLEOPTERA ATLANTIDUM.' 
 
 I STATED in the Preface to this volume that, although pertaining 
 in reality to the mo7'e northern arcliipelagos, I nevertheless thought 
 that it would not be inadmissible to call attention, here, in a short 
 Appendix, to a few additions to the ' Coleoptera Atlantidum ' 
 which have been brought to light since the publication, in 1865, 
 of that work. I have, however, but four actual novelties to record, 
 the whole of which are from the Madeiran Group, — one {Scymnus 
 epistemoides) having been captured, several years ago, by the late 
 Mr. Bewicke, in Porto Santo, and identified wrongly, at the time, 
 with a cognate form ; whilst another (Eunectes helvoJus) was dis- 
 covered, more recently, in Madeira proper by S"' Moniz ; and the re- 
 maining two (Cejyhennimn australe and Aleochara clavkornis, — 
 which raise the entire number of species detected in the Madeiras 
 to 668) were taken by myself, during the few days when we 
 touched at Funchal, in Mr. Gray's yacht, on our outward cruise to 
 the Cape Yerdes. 
 
 But, apart from these, there are a certain number of corrections to 
 be made in nomenclatiu'e, and two fresh habitat-islands to be noted, 
 — which may tend to give more siguificance to an Appendix which 
 might otherwise have been somewhat brief. 
 
 Fam. DYTISCID^. 
 
 Page 71 (genus EUNECTES). After species 213, add :— 
 
 Eunectes helvolus. 
 Eunectes helvolusi, Kluff, Symb. Phys. 33. 3. 
 
274 APPENDIX. 
 
 Eimectea couicollis, IVoll, Ann. Xat. Jfisf. vii. 1)7 (18G1). 
 helvolus, Id., huj. op. 3(5. 
 
 ZTatj'to^ Maderenses (ilirtc?.), in Salinis ad "Paul do Mar" sitis a 
 Doin. Moniz captus. 
 
 Examples of this Eunectes have been taken by Senhor Moniz at 
 Paul do Mar, in the west of Madeii-a proper — from amongst plants of 
 Rupiria rostellata, Koch, in the briny water of a Saltern. It would 
 appear, therefore, to be a saline species — a circumstance to which I 
 have called attention, at page 36 of this volume, whilst commenting 
 on its probable habitat in the Cape Verde archipelago. It is doubtless 
 a species of a wide African range ; and I have already expressed my 
 belief [vide ' Ann. Nat. Hist.' vii. 99] that Aube was mistaken in 
 treating it as a variety of the almost cosmopolitan E. sticficus. 
 
 Fam. HELOPHORIDiE. 
 
 P. 74 (genus OCHTHEBIUS). 
 
 (Sp. 223) Ochthebius subpictus. 
 Add Madeira proper to the habitat of this OcWiebivs ; for although 
 the individuals taken by myself in Porto Santo were all that had 
 been observed until quite lately, a specimen has been communicated 
 by the Barao do Castello de Paiva which was captured in Madeira 
 proper. Being found in the brackish streams in Porto Santo, it is 
 not improbable that it may occur likewise in water which is almost, 
 or even entirely, saline : at any rate in the same bottle which con- 
 tained it there are examples of the Calobius Heeri, which resides 
 amongst Confervce in the small pools of actual sea-water (along the 
 rocky shores both of Madeira and Porto Santo) ; and I cannot but 
 think it likely, therefore, that this single OcJithebius subpictus may 
 perhaps have been captured in company with the Calobii. 
 
 Fam. HYDEOPHILIDiE. 
 
 P. 77. (genus PHILYDRUS). 
 
 (Sp. 232) PMlydrus melanocephalus. 
 
 As in the case of the last species, Madeira proper may be added to 
 the habitat of this Pliinnjdrus — examples of it having been captured, 
 in company with the Eunectes helvolus, by Senhor Moniz, in a 
 Saltern at Paul do ^far. It abounds in Porto Santo ; and although 
 
APPENDIX. 275 
 
 found in pools and streams generally, it appears to prefer water 
 which is more or less brackish. It will j)i'obably be eventually 
 ascertained to bo universal throughout the whole of these Atlantic 
 Groups, wherever there is sufficient moisture to favour its mode of 
 life. 
 
 Fam. CUCUJIDiS. 
 P. 135 (genus SILYANUS). 
 
 (Sp. 387) Silvanus unidentatus. 
 For this read Silvamis hidentatus, Fab., instead of " unidentatus, 
 Oliv." On examining it afresh, and more critically, I find that it 
 should be referred to the former of the above-mentioned species, 
 rather than (as I had concluded) to the latter. And I may add 
 that the S. hidentatus differs from the unidentatus in being a little 
 larger and more coarsely sculptured, in its limbs being propor- 
 tionately a trifle longer, and its eyes more develojied, and in its 
 prothorax (which is more evidently bisulcate down the disk) being 
 a jMttle more sinuate (or less straightened) at the sides, with the 
 anterior angles a great deal more produced, and even the basal ones 
 just appreciably more prominent — so as to occasion the prothorax 
 to appear, relatively, a trifle less narrow behind. 
 
 Fam. HISTERID^. 
 
 P. 169 (genus SAPRINUS). 
 
 (Sp. 485) Saprinus ignobilis. 
 De Marseul, without stating the reason why, has changed \_vide 
 L'Abeille, i. 353 (1864)] the title of my Saprinus ir/nohllis into that 
 of S. WoUastoni, I think it sufficient just to call attention to the 
 fact ; for I must own that I do not understand on what princij^le the 
 alteration has l)een made. 
 
 Fam. CURCULIONID^. 
 
 P. 252 (genus RHYNCOLUS). 
 
 (Sp. 706) Rhyncolus crassirostris. 
 For the specific name crassirostris read lyinipotens — Mr. G. R.. 
 Crotch having called my attention to the fact (likewise rrforrod to, 
 
 t2 
 
270 APPENDIX. 
 
 I perceive, by Lacordaire) that the former title was preoccupied by 
 Ferris, in the ' Ann. de la Soc. Linn, de Lyon ' (ser. 2, iv. 147), for 
 a Rhyncolus from the south of France. 
 
 Fam. COCCINELLID^. 
 
 P. 383 (genus SCYMNUS). After species 1054, add :— 
 
 Scjrmnus epistemoides, n. sp. 
 
 S. ellipticus, niger aut subpiceo-niger, nitidulus, leviter punctulatiis, 
 et parce cinereo pubescens ; prothorace breviter subconico, con- 
 colori ; elytris subventricosis ; labro, antennis, palpis pedibusqiie 
 infuscate testaceis. — Long. corp. Un. |. 
 
 Habitat Maderenses {P'° S*") ; exemplar unicum olim collegit Dom. 
 Bewicke. 
 
 Obs. — Species nigra, aptera, S. Ihnnichoides propinquans ; sed 
 subminor (?), magis elliptica (i. e. antice et postice subacutior), 
 vix minus nitida, et conspicue levius minutiusque punctata, pro- 
 thorace magis conico (antice sensim angustiore), etiam ad latera 
 concolori, liuea basali magis per basin ipsissimam sita, elytris j^aulo 
 magis ventricosis (pone basin utrinque magis rotundatis). 
 
 The single example from which the above diagnosis has been 
 compiled was taken in Porto Santo, several years ago, by the late 
 Mr. Bewicke, and was inadvertently identified by myself with the 
 S. limnichoides — to which in its size, general affinity, apterous body, 
 and dark colour it closely approaches. The specimen having how- 
 ever, since the death of Mr. Bewicke, fallen into mj- possession, I 
 am enabled to examine it with greater care, and I now perceive 
 that it is unquestionably distinct from the limnichoides — though 
 belonging clearly to the same type. Whether it be a trifle smaller 
 than that species I can scarcely say, from the evidence afforded by a 
 single individual ; but it is considerablj' more elliptical in outline, 
 or sharper before and behind (the prothorax being more conical, or 
 attenuated in front, and the elytra more rounded outwards behind 
 the shoulders) ; it is also much more lightly, and finely, punctu- 
 lated ; and its prothorax, which has the basal line placed even still 
 nearer to the extreme edge, does not appear (at any rate in the 
 example before me) to be diluted in hue towards the sides. Al- 
 though there is no label appended' to it, I have said that it was 
 captured in Porto Santo because I distinctly recollect that it was 
 communicated to me by Mr. Bewicke as found by himself in that 
 island. 
 
APPENDIX. 277 
 
 Fam. SCYDM^NID^. 
 P. 449. After the genus SCYDM^NUS, add :— 
 
 Genus CEPHENNIUM. 
 Miiller, Mon. d. Ameisenk. 12 (1822). 
 
 Cephennium australe, n. sp. 
 
 C ellipticum, nitidulum, parce sed grosse fulvo-cinereo pubescens, 
 remote sed parum profunde punctatum ; capite prothoraceque pal- 
 lide rufo-ferrugineis, illo convexo, postice ad latera subrecto et 
 anguste margiaato ; coleopteris piceis, vel ferrugiueo-piceis, ad 
 basiu ipsam fovea media rotundata utrinque impressis ; antennis 
 pedibusque testaceis. — Long. corp. lin. g-|. 
 
 Habitat Maderenses (Mad.), a meipso in castanetis editioribus longe 
 supra urbem Fuuchaleusem mense Decembri, a.d. 1865, parce 
 deprebensum. 
 
 Ohs. — Species C. tJioracico, Europseo, minor, angustior, minus 
 polita, paulo densius punctata, necnon omnino pallidior — so. 
 capite prothoraceque pallide subrufescentibus, elytrisque plus 
 minus pioescentibus. 
 
 I took three examples of this interesting little CejjJiennium (-which 
 introduces an entirely new, and most important, Scydmoenideous 
 genus into the Atlantic-island fauna) on the 19th of December 
 1865, while touching at Madeira on oiu' outward route to the Cape 
 Verdes. They were captured by sifting dead leaves and rubbish, in 
 the chestnut- woods at the Mount, on the hills above Funchal ; but 
 their extremely minute size rendered them not very easy to detect. 
 They are smaller and narrower than the European 0. thoracicum ; 
 also less highly polished, rather less remotely punctured, and con- 
 siderably paler — their head and pro thorax being pale rufo-fcrru- 
 ginous, and their elytra more or less piceous ; whilst the limbs, 
 which are slender, are brownish-testaceous. 
 
 Fam. STAPHYLINIDiE. 
 
 P. 476 (genus ALEOCHARA). After species 1312, add :— 
 
 Aleochara clavicornis. 
 
 A. nigra, elytris, antennanxm basi,palpis pedibusque fusco-testaceis, 
 nitida, grosse sed vix dense fulvo pubescens, parce et subasperute 
 
278 j\pri:NDix. 
 
 punctata ; abdomine apiccm versus dilutiore ; autennis crassis et 
 (basi exccptil) piceis. — Long. corp. lin. 1-g^-lf. 
 
 Aleochara claviconiis, Beclt., Fna Austr.S22 (1849). 
 , Krantz, Nut. der /«.?. Dcittsch. ii. 108 (1858). 
 
 Habitat Maderenses (Mad,), jnxta mare in iirbe Funchalensi a mcipso 
 mense Decembri, a,d. 1865, semel eapta. 
 
 I met with a single specimen of this little Aleocliaru, immediately 
 behind the sea-beach, at Funchal, in Madeira pi'oper — during the 
 few days that we touched there, in December 1865, on our outward 
 route to the Cape Yerdes. Although occurring in central Europe, it 
 appears to be found more particularly in Mediterranean latitudes ; 
 and I may add that I took several examples of it, some years ago, 
 in the A-icinity of Lisbon — a fact indeed which suggests the possibi- 
 lity of its having perhaps been introduced into Madeira (like, 
 doubtless, many of the stercoraceous StaphiiJinldcp), along with 
 cattle, from Portugal. The Madeiran individual was captured on 
 the wing ; and we may expect that the species will shortlj' become 
 abundant in the island, if indeed this is not the case already. Al- 
 though scarcely agreeing with the (hagiiosis given by Ivraatz (par- 
 ticularly as regards its somewhat larger size), I am indebted to M. 
 Fauvel for identifying it with Redtcnbacher's A. davkornis. 
 
 P. 489 (genus OCYPUS). 
 
 (Sp. 1348) Ocypus atratus. 
 According to Fauvel this Ocypus is absolutely conspecific with the 
 Eui'opean 0. ater. This may perhaps be the case ; but I am not 
 altogether satisfied that it is. At any rate I called attention to its 
 close affinity with that species, whilst mentioning a few small cha- 
 racters in which it appeared to me that it did not quite accord 
 with it ; so that entomologists must judge for themselves whether 
 or not they will regard it as a mere geogTaphical phasis of its 
 more northern representative. 
 
 P. 489. (Sp. 1350) Ocypus punctatissimus. 
 
 Fauvel regard*^ this Lanzarotan and Fuerteventuran Ocypus as 
 identical with the European 0. cuprevs ; and I think it is extremely 
 likely that such may be the case. Indeed I stated as much, both in 
 my ' Canarian Catalogue ' and in my ' Coleoptera Atlantidum,' — 
 while, at the same time, pointing out a few trivial characters in 
 which the species seemed to me to difi'er from its near ally. 
 
APPENDIX. 279 
 
 P. 492 (genns PHILONTHUS). 
 
 (8p. 1859) Philonthus iiiarcidus. 
 
 This Philonthus appears to be couspecific with tlie European P. 
 
 condnnus, Grav., as lately pointed out by M. Fauvel. Its synonymy 
 
 should consequently be cited thus : 
 
 Staphyliuus coucinnus, Grav., Col. Micropt. 21 (1802). 
 
 politus?, BruUe [nee Grav.'], in W. et B. {Col.) 60 (1838). 
 
 Philonthus marcidus, TFoll, Cat. Can. Col. 571 (1864). 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 492 (1865). 
 
 P. 493. (Sp. 1360) Philonthus proximus. 
 
 As implied in my remarks at page 238 of this volume, the pi'esent 
 Philonthus is identical with the European P. ventralis, Grav., — a 
 name which must therefore be substituted for that oi proximus, WoU. 
 Like most of the Philonthi of these various Atlantic islands, it has 
 probably been introduced from more northern latitudes — occurring 
 sparingly in the Madeiras, Canaries, and Cape Yerdes. Its syno- 
 nymy must therefore be altered thus : 
 
 Staphyliuus veutralis, Grav., Col. 3Iicropf. 174 (1802). 
 Philonthus veutralis, i'r?'c7i., Gen. et Spec. Staph. 473 (1839). 
 
 proximus, JFoll, Cat. 3Iacl. Col. 189 (1857). 
 
 , Id., Cat. Can. Col. 573 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 493 (1865). 
 
 P. 495. (Sp. 1364) Philonthus punctipennis. 
 
 M. Fauvel has communicated to me several examples of Erichson's 
 P. turbidus, which are undoubtedly couspecific with my P. puncti- 
 pennis. It would ajipear, therefore, to be an insect of a wide geo- 
 graphical range ; for it is not only found in the Madeiras, Canaries, 
 and Cape Verdes, but Fauvel's specimens are from Egy[)t, the Mau- 
 ritius, the Isle of France, and Assam, whilst it is recorded by Erich- 
 son from Madagascar. The following, consequently, must be quoted 
 for its synonymy : — 
 
 Philonthus turbidus, Erich., Gen. et Spec. Staph. 484 (1839). 
 
 punctipennis, Woll., Cat. Mad. Col. 192 (1857). 
 
 ,Id., Cat. Can. Col. 575 (1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 495 (1865). 
 
 P. 504 (genus SCOP.a:US). 
 
 (Sp. 1390) Scopaeus trossulus. 
 A Scopanis which is said by Fauvel to be identical with the Me- 
 diterranean S. sericans, of Mulsant and Rey; and, if this identifica- 
 
280 APPENDIX. 
 
 tion should prove to be correct, the s5*noTiymy will have to stand 
 thus: 
 
 Scopieus serieaiis, ^Ixh. et Rei/, Ami. Soc. Linn. Lyon, lOo (1854). 
 
 trossiilus, WoU., Cat. Can. Col. 585 (1804). 
 
 , /(/., Col. Atl. 504 (1805). 
 
 P. 514 (genus BLEDIUS). 
 
 (Sp. 1418) Bledius januvianus. 
 I have already stated, at page 254 of the present volume, that 
 this large Bledius (which I captured originally in Lanzarote of the 
 Canarian Group, and subsequently in S. Vicente of the Cape Yerdes) 
 has been identified by Fauvel with Erichson's B. vitulus — a species 
 recorded from Arabia. In all probability, therefore, it will be 
 found to possess a wide African range. Assuming Fauvel's identi- 
 fication to be correct (for I have not myself had an opportunity of 
 verifying it), the synonymy of the species must be altered as fol- 
 lows : — 
 
 Bledius vitulus, Erich., Gen. ei Spec. Staph. 761 (18.39). 
 
 januvianus, Wall., Cat. Can. Col. 593(1864). 
 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 514 (1865). 
 
 P. 522 (genus HOMALIUM). 
 
 (Sp. 1440) Homalium sculpticolle. 
 
 This species has been identified by Fauvel with the IT. AllarcUi, 
 
 Fairm., which was captured by M. AHard " dans les famiers d'une 
 
 ferme " near Paris, and subsequently " dans une cave " by M. H. 
 
 Brisout de Barneville. Assuming, therefore, Fauvel's determination 
 
 to be correct, the synonymy will stand thus : — 
 
 Omalium AUardii, Fairm., Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de France, 44 (1859), 
 Homalium sculpticoUe, Woll, Cat. Can. Col. 602 (1864). 
 , Id., Col. Atl. 522 (1865). 
 
281 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 abdominale, Dactylo- 
 
 sternura, 48. 
 Acrotrichis invisibilis, 54. 
 aegyptiaca, Cicinclela, 2. 
 iequalis, Lyctus, 111. 
 sereus, Dineutus, 37. 
 affinis, Pentateranus, 122. 
 africanus, Cybister, 36. 
 AJeochara Armifagei, 229. 
 
 comma, 229. 
 
 puberula, 228. 
 
 4-punctata, 230. 
 
 Alphitobius diaperinus, 
 208. 
 
 mauritanicus, 209. 
 
 piceus, 208. 
 
 alutaceus, Tarus, 8. 
 Amblystoinus lineatus,14. 
 
 viridulus, 13. 
 
 Ammidium ciliatum, 195. 
 amplicornis, Bruchus, 
 
 141. 
 Anaspis brevicornis, 213. 
 anchomenoides, Tarus, 9. 
 Anemia crassa, 19G. 
 denticulata, 197. 
 
 angusta, Pseudostene,202. 
 
 angustiila, Dinas, 135. 
 
 Anobiura paniceum, 109. 
 
 Anthicus crinitus, 219. 
 
 dimidiatus, 220. 
 
 floralis, 218. 
 
 reductus, 221. 
 
 Aphanarthrum hesperi- 
 dum, 117. 
 
 Aphodius lividus, 89. 
 
 Paivanus, 90. 
 
 Eendallii, 91. 
 
 teniatiis, 89. 
 
 Apion 4-spinosuin, 172. 
 
 Apteroclerus fusiform is, 
 99. 
 
 areolatus, Perileptus, 28. 
 
 Argosomus epilachnoides, 
 153. 
 
 obscuripennis, 153. 
 
 artemisite, CoccineIla,158. 
 Arthr olips testudinalis, 5 1 . 
 ascendens, Masoreus, 17. 
 aspericollis, Cryphalus, 
 
 116. 
 asperula, Oxycara, 177. 
 Aspidomorpha cincta, 
 
 154. 
 aterrimus, Phalacrus, 55. 
 atomarius, Orthoperus, 
 
 53. 
 
 , Tachys, 28. 
 
 Attagenus ensicornis, 80. 
 attenuatus, Dromius, 9. 
 Auietes euphorbia?, ] 26. 
 auriculatus, Dyschirius, 7. 
 
 Bembidium curvimanum, 
 
 30. 
 
 hesperidum, 31. 
 
 Lucasii, 30. 
 
 subcallosum, 32. 
 
 bi color, Corticaria, 75. 
 bifoveolata, Rhizopertha, 
 
 110. 
 bipartitus, Holoparame- 
 
 cus, 73. 
 Blecbrus strigicollis, 12. 
 bledioides, Trogophlceus, 
 
 257. 
 Bledius januvianus, 253. 
 
 vitulus, 253. 
 
 BoisduTaliijChlsenius, 19. 
 Bostrychus Grajanus, 
 
 109. 
 brevicollis, Pseudanemia, 
 
 199. 
 brevicornis, Anaspis, 213. 
 Bruchus amplicornis, 141. 
 
 calcaratus, 140. 
 
 Bryaxis gemmula, 221. 
 
 calcaratus, Brucims, 140. 
 Calomicrus tseniatus, 145. 
 Calosoma imbricatum, 6. 
 Madera?, 5. 
 
 Calosoma senegalense, 4. 
 
 tegulatum, 4. 
 
 Cantliaris Fryii, 212. 
 Caragonia canariensis, 
 
 183. 
 carbonarius, Scymnus, 
 
 159. 
 carbunculus, Homalota, 
 
 22(5. 
 Carpo^jhihis auropilosus, 
 
 60. 
 
 dimidiatus, 59. 
 
 — — hemipterus, 58. 
 
 mutilatus, 58. 
 
 Cassida cincta, 154. 
 castanea, Oxycara, 172. 
 Cenoscelis tibialis. 180. 
 centromaculatus, Tachys, 
 
 29. 
 Cerandria cornuta, 204. 
 Cercyon fimicola, 48. 
 — ■ — putricola, 49. 
 Cefonia gagates, 94. 
 Chilocorus nigripennis, 
 
 157 
 CliLrnius Boisduvalii, 19. 
 
 consanguineus, 20. 
 
 uncosignatus, 18. 
 
 Cicindela iegyptiaca, 2. 
 
 hesperidum, 1. 
 
 - — — vicina, 3. 
 
 ciliatum, Ammidium, 195. 
 
 cincta, Aspidomorpha, 
 
 154. 
 clavicollis, Laemopliloeus, 
 
 68. 
 clavipes, Opatrum, 188. 
 Clarkiana, Lema, 143. 
 Clarkii, Phaleria, 200. 
 Cleonus maculipes, 131. 
 
 mucidus, 130. 
 
 velatus, 131. 
 
 client ula, Homalota, 224. 
 Coccinella artemisi{T;.158. 
 
 7-punctat:a, 157. 
 
 comma, Aleochara, 229. 
 
282 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 e^Misanguineiis, Cliljcnius, 
 
 20. 
 contempta, Oligota, 2.31. 
 Copclatus formosus, 34. 
 coriai'ia, FTomalota, 223. 
 cornutus, Gnathocenis, 
 
 204. 
 corticalis, Terctrius, 81. 
 Cortiearia bicolor, 75. 
 
 iinmatura, 74. 
 
 obliterata, 75. 
 
 rotulicoUis, 74. 
 
 serrata. 74. 
 
 Corynetes rufipes, 102. 
 Cossyphodes Wollastonii, 
 
 65. 
 crassa, Anemia, 196. 
 crassipes. Scopseus, 242. 
 crassus, Hyphyclnis, 33. 
 Cratognathus labiatus, 
 
 22. 
 crenicollis, Synchyta, 62. 
 creteicollis, Metophthal- 
 
 iTuis, 76. 
 oreteopictus, Lixus, 129. 
 ci-ibrata, Oxycara, 175. 
 crinitus, Anthicus, 219. 
 Crioceris luridotestacea, 
 
 144. 
 Cry)ihalus aspericoUis, 
 
 116. 
 
 mucronifcr, 116. 
 
 Cryptophagus dentatus, 
 
 71. 
 
 • scanicus, 71. 
 
 Cryptopleurum sulcatum, 
 
 49. 
 curta, Oxycara, 177. 
 curvimanus, Tachys, 30. 
 Cybister africanus, 36. 
 Cybocepbalus nitens, 50. 
 Cvclonotum orbiculare, 
 
 '47. 
 Cydonia vicina, 155. 
 Cymindis Faminii, 7. 
 
 Dactylosternura abdomi- 
 
 nale, 48. 
 debilicornis, Litbocliaris, 
 
 245. 
 decussatus, Palaminus, 
 
 2.50. 
 dentatus, Cryptophagus, 
 
 71. 
 denticulata, Anemia, 197. 
 depauperatus, Oxytelus. 
 
 2.54. 
 depressiusculuSjScvmnus, 
 
 167. 
 Dermestes vulpinus, 79. 
 Diaclina suffusa, 207. 
 
 diaperinns, Alphilobius, 
 
 208. 
 Dichirotrichus lineato- 
 
 pictus, 25. 
 digitatus. Paroraalus, 88. 
 dilutus, Helochares, 43. 
 
 , Trogophlceus, 255. 
 
 dimidiata, P.seudoscrap- 
 
 tia, 215. 
 dimidiatus, Anthicus, 220. 
 
 , Carpophilus, 59. 
 
 Dinas angustula, 135. 
 
 elliptipennis, 134. 
 
 obsita, 136. 
 
 rugicollis, 133. 
 
 sitona?formis, 1.37. 
 
 Dineutus ;vreus, 37. 
 
 subspinosus. 37. 
 
 Diplognatha gagates, 94. 
 discoideus, Philonthus, 
 
 238. 
 Ditoma linearis, 64. 
 
 Ivctifbrmis, 63. 
 
 Ditylus pallidus, 211. 
 Dohrniana. Haltica, 146. 
 Dohrnii, Microclerus,101. 
 
 , Tarus, 8. 
 
 Dromius attenuatus, 9. 
 
 submaculatus, 10. 
 
 Dyscliirius auriciUatus, 7. 
 
 ebenina, Oxycara, 172. 
 echinatus, Microptinus, 
 
 103. 
 elliptipennis, Dinas, 134. 
 elongatum, Leucohima- 
 
 tium, 72. 
 ensicornis, Attagenus, 80. 
 epilachnoideSjArgosomus, 
 
 l.-)3. 
 equestris, Saprinus, 82. 
 Eremonomus Hutfoni, 
 
 195. 
 Erichsoni, Piederus, 247. 
 Eunectes conicollis, 36. 
 — ^ — helvolus, .35. 
 
 subcoriaceus, 35. 
 
 euphorbice, Auletes, 126. 
 
 , Microclerus, 101. 
 
 euphorbiarum, Rhynco- 
 
 lus, 119. 
 Exochromus nigripennis, 
 
 157. 
 exsecrabilis,IIomalota,225 
 
 Faminii, Platytarus, 7. 
 ferrugineum, Tribolium, 
 
 204. 
 ferrugineus. Xyletinus, 
 
 107. 
 ficicola, Hypophlceus,205. 
 
 filiformis, Scopa?U8, 243. 
 filipes. Neinatoscelis, 232. 
 fimicola, Cercyon, 48. 
 
 , Trechiciius, 27. 
 
 floralis, Anthicus, 218. 
 floricola, Scymnus, 162. 
 formosus, Copelatus, 34. 
 fossor, Pinophilus, 252. 
 fractus, Scymnus, 163. 
 fragilicornis, Limnichus, 
 
 80. 
 Fryii, Cantharis, 212. 
 fumata, Typhiea, 78. 
 fuscida, Myllicna, 233. 
 fusiformis, Apteroclerus, 
 
 99. 
 
 gagates, Diplognatha, 94. 
 geminatus, Saprinus, 86. 
 gemma, Oiibrus, 56. 
 gemmula, Bryaxis, 221. 
 glare ?sa, Homalota, 226. 
 Gnathocerus cornutus, 
 
 204. 
 granarius, Sitojjhilus, 124, 
 granulosum, Trichoster- 
 
 num, 186. 
 gravidicornis, Xylopliilus, 
 
 216. 
 Grayanus, Bostrychus, • 
 
 109. 
 Grayii, Metabletus, 11. 
 
 , Pogonus, 21. 
 
 grisesoens, Heteroderes, 
 
 95. 
 Gronops pallidulus, 131. 
 
 Halonomns Grayii, 192. 
 
 ovatus, 192. 
 
 Haltica Dohrniana, 146. 
 
 Ifeviceps, 147. 
 
 lajvissima, 149. 
 
 signatifrons, 150. 
 
 subatra, 148. 
 
 Harpalus Paivanus, 23. 
 
 serienotatus, 24. 
 
 Hegeter elongafus, 168. 
 
 tristis, 168. 
 
 begeteroides, Oxycara, 
 
 170. 
 Helochares dilutus, 43. 
 helvolus, Eunectes, .35. 
 hemipterus, Carpophilus, 
 
 68. 
 hesperidum, Aphanar- 
 
 thrum, 117. 
 
 , Bembidium, 31. 
 
 . Cicindela, 1. 
 
 , Isomalus, 257. 
 
 Hesperus, Mesites, 123. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 283 
 
 Heteroderes grisescens. 
 
 95. 
 Heterophaga ovafa, 192. 
 Heterothops minutus, 
 
 235. 
 hexagonus, Xenothorax, 
 
 16. 
 Hisimlis viriduhis, 1.3. 
 hispidum, Opatrura, 190. 
 Holoparamecus biparti- 
 
 tus, 73. 
 Homalota carbimculus, 
 
 226. 
 
 clientula, 224. 
 
 cor ) aria, 223. 
 
 exsecrabilis. 225. 
 
 glareosa, 226. 
 
 plebeia, 225. 
 
 sodnl/s, 223. 
 
 subputrescens, 223. 
 
 Hvdrrena quadi-icollis, 
 
 39. 
 Hydrohius dihitus, 43. 
 
 pbalacroides, 47. 
 
 hjdropathica, Oxyjioda, 
 
 Hydroxenus minor, 42. 
 
 siibpictus, 41. 
 
 Ilyphydrus crassus. 33. 
 Hypopbloeus ficicola, 
 205. 
 
 longicollis, 206. 
 
 subdepressus, 205. 
 
 iinbricatuni, Calosoma, 6. 
 immatura, Corticaria, 74. 
 impressa, Synehyta, 61. 
 inarmatus, Silvaniis, 69. 
 inconspicuus, Scymuus, 
 
 166. 
 invisibilis, Acrotriehis,54. 
 irrorata, Oxycara, 176. 
 Isomalus hesperidum, 
 
 257. 
 
 jatrophaj, Lyctus, 112. 
 
 labiatus, Cratognatbus,22. 
 La;mophlceiis clavicollis, 
 
 68. 
 
 politissimus, 67. 
 
 vermiculatus, 68. 
 
 liEviceps, Haltica, 147. 
 laevis, Oxycara, 174. 
 lajvissima, Haltica, 149. 
 lateralis, Sericoderus, 53. 
 Latridius minutus, 76. 
 laxicornis, Longitarsus, 
 
 151. 
 Lema Clarkiana, 143. 
 Milleriana, 142. 
 
 Leptacinus pariunpunc- 
 
 tatus. 241. 
 Leucobimatium elonga- 
 
 tum, 72. 
 Leucoparvphus silphoi- 
 
 des, 234. 
 Limnicbus fragilicornis, 
 
 80. 
 linearis, Ditoma, 64. 
 lineatopictus, Dicbirotri- 
 
 cbus. 25. 
 lineatus, Amblystomus, 
 
 14. ■ 
 
 , Notiomimus, 108. 
 
 Lipartbrum Loweanum, 
 
 118. 
 Litargus trifasciatus, 78. 
 Lifhocharis cBgypf-iaca,'^45 
 
 brevicornis, 245. 
 
 hrevipen, 245. 
 
 debilicornis, 245. 
 
 obsoleta, 244. 
 
 oclu*acea, 244. 
 
 Litbocrus pallid us, .57. 
 lividus, Aphodius, 89. 
 Lixus creteopictus, 129. 
 longicollis. Hypopbloeus, 
 
 206. 
 longipes, !N'anophyes,125. 
 Longitarsus laxicornis, 
 
 151. 
 
 stenocypbon, 150. 
 
 Loweanum, Lipartbrum, 
 
 118. 
 Lowei, Piarus, 106. 
 Lucasii, Tacbys, 30. 
 luridotestacea, Criocerls, 
 
 144. 
 lyctifbrmis, Ditoma, 63. 
 Lyctus iequalis, 111. 
 
 jatropliffi, 112. 
 
 obsitus, 112. 
 
 lypriformis, Microlari- 
 
 nus, 128. 
 
 marginipennis, Pbilon- 
 
 tbus, 236. 
 maritimus, Scymnus,165. 
 Masoreus ascendens, 17. 
 
 .spinipes, 16. 
 
 mauritanica, Trogosita, 
 
 66. 
 melanariuni, Trichoster- 
 
 num, 184. 
 melanocepbalus, Philhy- 
 
 di'us, 44. 
 Melauocoma vestita, 182. 
 Mesites Hesperus, 123. 
 Metabletus (jri-ayii, 11. 
 Metophtbalmus creteicol- 
 
 lis, 76. 
 
 Mezium sulcatum, 103. 
 Microclerus Dobrnii.lOl. 
 
 eupborbite, 101. 
 
 Mierolarinus lypriformis, 
 
 128. 
 Microptinus ecbinatus, 
 
 103. 
 Milleri, Pecteropus, 97. 
 Milleriana, Lema, 142. 
 minor, Hydroxenus, 42. 
 minutus, Heterotboi3S,235 
 
 , Latridius, 76. 
 
 minyops, Saprinus, 87. 
 Monocrepidius Grayii, 95. 
 Monotoma spinicoUis, 60. 
 
 spinifera, 60. 
 
 mucidus, Cleonus, 1.30. 
 mucronifer, Crypbalus, 
 
 116. 
 mutilatus, Carpopliilus, 
 
 58. 
 Mylla'na fuscida, 233. 
 Myrmecoxenus yapora- 
 
 riorum, 77. 
 
 Nanopbyes longipes, 125. 
 Neniatoscelis fiUpes, 232. 
 nicolense, Tricbosternum, 
 
 186. 
 nigripennis, Exocbromus, 
 
 157. 
 nigromaculatus, Sunius, 
 
 246. 
 nigropictus, Scymnus, 
 
 160. 
 nitens, Cybocepbalus, 50. 
 nobilis, Trox, 93. 
 notatus, Olibrus, 56. 
 Notiomimus lineatus.lOS. 
 
 obesulus, Pblceopbagus, 
 
 120. 
 obliterata, Corticaria, 75. 
 obscuripennis, Argoso- 
 
 mus, 153. 
 obsita, Dinas, 136. 
 obsitus, Lyctus, 112. 
 obsoleta, Litbocbaris,244. 
 ocbracea, Lithocbaris, 
 
 244. 
 Oclitbebius 4-foveolatus, 
 
 39. 
 oculatus, Trogopblceus, 
 
 256. 
 ffidicbirus terminatus, 
 
 248. 
 Olibrus gemma, 56. 
 
 notatus, 56. 
 
 OHgota contempta, 231. 
 Opatrum clavipes, 188. 
 fuscum, 190. 
 
284 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Opatruin hispidiuu, 190. 
 
 melanartum, 184. 
 
 ovafum, 192. 
 
 patruele, 187. 
 
 — -^ pro/ixii7n, 189. 
 
 tenebricosum, 183. 
 
 tomentosum, 190. 
 
 virgatum, 190. 
 
 orbiculare, Cyclonotum, 
 
 47. 
 Orthopei'us atomarius, 
 
 oryziB, Sitophilus, 12;i. 
 ovatus, Halonomus, 192. 
 Oxycara asperula, 177. 
 
 castanea, 172. 
 
 cribrata, 175. 
 
 carta, 177. 
 
 ebenina, 172. 
 
 hegeteroides, 170. 
 
 irrorata, 176. 
 
 la?vis, 174. 
 
 pedinoides, 173. 
 
 similis, 175. 
 
 Oxvpoda hydropathica, 
 
 227. 
 Oxytfilus depauperatus, 
 
 254. 
 
 Pcecleri'S angolensis, 348. 
 
 Ericlisoni, 247. 
 
 Paiva", Saprinus, 85. 
 Paivanus, Aphodius, 90. 
 
 , Harpalus, 23. 
 
 Palaminus decussatus, 
 
 250. 
 pallescens, Xylopbilus, 
 
 217. 
 pallidulus, Gronops, 131. 
 
 , Scymnus, KiO. 
 
 pallidus, Ditylus, 211. 
 
 , Litbocrus, 57. 
 
 paniceum, Anobium, 109. 
 parallela, Pbaleria, 201. 
 Paramecosoma simplex, 
 
 72. 
 pardalis, Trigonorhin us, 
 
 139. 
 Paromalus digitatus, 88. 
 parumpunctatus, Lepta- 
 
 cinus, 241. 
 patruele, Opatrum, 187. 
 Pecteropus Milleri, 97. 
 PediacKS depressrcs, (i9. 
 pedinoides, Oxycara, 173. 
 Peutateinnus affiuis, 122. 
 perforans, Tomicus, 113. 
 Perileptus areolatus, 28. 
 pei-interruptus, Saprinus, 
 
 83. 
 Phalacrus aterrimus, bb. 
 
 plialacroides, Hydrobius, 
 
 47. 
 Pbaleria Clarkii, 200. 
 
 parallela, 201. 
 
 Piiilbydrus nielanoce- 
 
 pbalus, 44. 
 Pbilonthus discoideus, 
 
 238. 
 
 marginipennis, 236. 
 
 2voximus, 238. 
 
 jmncfipennis, 240. 
 
 • .scybalarius, 237. 
 
 sinuatus, 239. 
 
 tenellus, 240. 
 
 turbidus, 240. 
 
 varians, 237. 
 
 ventralis, 238. 
 
 Phlceophagiis obesulus, 
 
 120. 
 Phylax validus, 183. 
 Piarus Lowei, 106. 
 piceus, Alpliitobius, 208. 
 picturatus, Scymnus, 164. 
 Pinopbilus fossor, 252. 
 Platytarus Faminii, 7. 
 Pogonus Grayii, 21. 
 politissimus, La;mopbloe- 
 
 us, 67. 
 politus, Xenogloeus, 210, 
 posticus, Scymnus, 161. 
 profundecrenatus, Ptero- 
 
 stichus, 21. 
 P.seudauemia brevicollis, 
 
 199. 
 Pseudo.^craptia dimidia- 
 
 ta, 215. " 
 Pseudosteue angusta, 202. 
 Pterosticbu.s profunde- 
 crenatus, 21. 
 puberula, Aleochara, 228. 
 putricola, Cercyon, 39. 
 
 quadricollis, Hydraena, 
 39. 
 
 quadrifoveolatus, Ochthe- 
 bius, 39. 
 
 quadripunctata, Aleocha- 
 ra, 230. 
 
 quadrispinosum, Apion, 
 127. 
 
 reductus, Anthicus, 221. 
 
 Rendallii, Aphodius, 91. 
 
 Bhinocyllus lypriformis, 
 129. 
 
 Rhizopertha bifoveolata, 
 110. 
 
 Rhyncolus euphorbia- 
 rum, 119. 
 
 Rhyssemus rugatus, 92. 
 
 rufipes, Corynetes, 102. 
 
 rugatus, Rhyssemus, 92. 
 rugicollis, Dinas, 133. 
 
 Saprinus equestris, 82. 
 
 geminatus, 86. 
 
 minyops, 87. 
 
 Paivte, 85. 
 
 perinterruptus, 83. 
 
 semipunetatus, 84. 
 
 sciinicus, Cryptophagus, 
 
 71. 
 Scaurus variolosus, 178. 
 Scoioaius crassipes, 242. 
 
 filiformis, 243. 
 
 scybalarius, Pbilonthus, 
 
 237. 
 Scymnus carbonarius,15& 
 
 depressiuseulu8,167. 
 
 floricola, 162. 
 
 fractus, 163. 
 
 • inconspicuus, 166. 
 
 maritimus, 165. 
 
 nigropictus, 160. 
 
 jjallidulus, 160. 
 
 picturatus, 164. 
 
 posticus, 161. 
 
 semipunetatus, Saprinus, 
 
 84. 
 senegaiense, Calosoma, 4. 
 septempunctata, Cocci- 
 
 nella, 157. 
 Sericoderus lateralis, 53. 
 serienotatus,Harpalus,24. 
 serrata, Corticaria, 74. 
 signatifrous, Haltica, 150. 
 silphoides. Leucopary- 
 
 phus, 234. 
 Silvanus inarmatus, 69. 
 
 surinamensis, 69. 
 
 similis, Oxycara, 175. 
 simplex, Paramecosoma, 
 
 72. 
 sinuatus, Pbilonthus, 239. 
 sitona?formis, Dinas, 137. 
 Sitoj)hilus granarius, 124. 
 
 oryzje, 125. 
 
 Solieri,Sternocephalus,45 
 Sphairicus tuberculicollis, 
 
 105. 
 spinicollis, Monotoma, 
 
 60. 
 spinipes, Masoreus, 16. 
 stenocyphon, Longitar- 
 
 sus, 150. 
 Stenolophus subrelucens, 
 
 26. 
 Sternocephalus Solieri,45. 
 strigicollis, Blechrus, 12. 
 subatra, Haltica, 148. 
 subcallosum, Bembidium, 
 
INDEX. 
 
 285 
 
 subcoriaceus, Eunectes, 
 
 35. 
 subdepressuSjHypophlce- 
 
 us, 205. 
 submaciilatus, Dromius, 
 
 10. 
 subpictus, Hydi'oxenus, 
 
 41. 
 subputrescens, Homalota, 
 
 223. 
 subrelucens, Stenolophus, 
 
 26. 
 subspinosus, Dineutus, 
 
 37. 
 suffusa, Piaclina, 207- 
 sulcakun, Cryptopleu- 
 
 rum, 49. 
 
 , Mezium, 103. 
 
 Sunius nigromaculatus, 
 
 246. 
 suriuamensis, Silvanus, 
 
 69. 
 
 crenicoUis, 62. 
 
 Synchyta inipressa, 61. 
 
 Tackinus silphoMes, 234. 
 Tachys atomarius, 28. 
 
 centromaculatus,29. 
 
 curvimanus, 30. 
 
 Lucasii, 30. 
 
 taeniatus, Apbodius, 89- 
 
 , Calomicrus, 145. 
 
 Tanygnathus varicollis, 
 
 234. 
 Tarus alutaceus, 8. 
 anchomenoides, 9. 
 
 Dobrnii, S. 
 
 tegulatum, Calosoma, 4. 
 tenebricosum, Trichoster- 
 
 num, 1S3. 
 tenellus, Philonthus. 240. 
 Teretrius corticalis, 81. 
 terininatus, QSdichii'us, 
 
 248. 
 testudinalis, Artbrolips, 
 
 51. 
 tibialis, CenosceUs, 180. 
 Tomicus perforans, 113. 
 
 trypanseoides, 114. 
 
 traiKversalis, Trogophloe- 
 
 us, 255. 
 Treebicbus fimicola, 27. 
 Trechus fimicolus, 27. 
 Tribolium ferrugineum, 
 • 204. 
 Trichopferyx in visihilis, 
 
 54. 
 Trichosteruum granulo- 
 
 sum, 186. 
 
 melanarium, 184. 
 
 nicolense, 186. 
 
 striatum, 183. 
 
 tenebricosum, 183. 
 
 trifasciatus, Litargus, 
 
 78. 
 Trigonorhinus pardalis, 
 
 139. 
 tristis, Hegeter, 168. 
 Trogophloeus bilineatus, 
 
 256. 
 
 bledioides, 257. 
 
 dilutus, 255. 
 
 oculatus, 256. 
 
 transversalis, 255. 
 
 Trogosita mauritanica, 
 
 6(5. 
 Trox nobilis, 93. 
 trypanseoides, Tomicus, 
 
 114. 
 tuberculicoUis, Spbser icus, 
 
 105. 
 turbidus, Pbilontbus, 240. 
 Typba^a fumata, 78. 
 
 uncosignatus, Cbltenius, 
 
 18. 
 
 vaporariorum, Myrme- 
 
 coxenus, 77. 
 varicollis, Tanygnathus, 
 
 2,34. 
 variolosus. Scaur us, 178. 
 ven trails, Pbilontbus, 238. 
 vestita, Melanocoma, 182. 
 vicina, Cydonia, 155. 
 viridulus, Amblystomus, 
 
 13. 
 vitulus, Bledius, 253. 
 vulpinus, Dermestes, 79. 
 
 Wollastonii,Cossyphodes, 
 65. 
 
 Xenogloeus politus, 210. 
 Xenothorax bexagonus, 
 
 16. 
 Xyletinus ferrugineus, 
 
 107. 
 Xylopbilus gravidicornis, 
 
 216. 
 pallescens, 217. 
 
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