51 library Copyright,. 1894, by E. Knobel. A GUIDE . . . TO FIND THE NAMES OF ALL WILD-GROWING TREES AND SHRUBS OF NEW ENGLAND . . . BY THEIR LEAVES. To find the name of a tree or shrub. Choose a few leaves from the middle of a branch ; leaves on young shoots are often deformed. x. Observe if the leaf is: (a) Feather shaped (pinnate) ; /. e., composed of 3 or more leaflets on the main leafstalk, like the rays on a feather. (F) Hand shaped (palmate® /. e., the main veins spreading from the end of the leafstalk like the fingers of a hand. ( c ) Simple ; i. e., of one piece \ which may be divided, lobed, \ or cut up in various ways. 2. Observe if the leaves grow : (a) Opposite each other, in 3’s or in clusters. (/;) Alternate with each other. 3. Observe if the edge of the leaf is (a) Double sawtoothed. ( b ) Single sawtoothed or toothed. (c) Wavy or smooth. 4. Observe if the general shape of leaf is (a) Pear shaped (obovate) ; i. e., the upper half wider than lower half. (b) Oval ; i. e., both halves about ecpial. (e) Egg shaped (ovate); i. e., the lower half wider than upper half. This may be easily observed on young shoots. § V ' A drawing of the leaf and a number referring to description may be found if the leaf is : (a) Feather shaped and alternate , on plates I., If., or III. „ „ „ opposite , on plate IV., in clusters, II., 16. (b) Hand shaped and alternate , on plate V. or VI. ,, ,, opposite , on plates VI., XII., 144, 145. (c) Simple , alternate , and cut up, divided, or lobed, on plates VI., VII., VIII. ,, ,, ,, double sawtoothed, on plates VIII., IX., XII., 134. „ ,, „ wavy sawtoothed, on plates VII., XII., 138. ,, „ „ sawtoothed, and round, long stemmed, on plate X. „ ,, „ „ „ long and narrow, on plate X. ,, „ „ „ „ oval, on plates VIII., 64, 68, IX., 77, XL, XII. „ „ ,, ,, the teeth small and indistinct, on plates X., XIII. ., „ „ smooth, on plates XIII., X., 94, 95, 107, 108, 109, XL, 122, 125, 130, XIV., 193. ,, opposite, and sawtoothed, on plate XII. ,, „ „ smooth, on plate XIV. (V) Needle shaped (like the spruce and the pine), on plate XV. Note. If several leaves similar to the one under examination be found in the plate, read the key to that plate which gives the distinctive marks of difference. Compare main ribs and veins of leaf with the drawing. Illustration 1 19 appears almost opposite, though it grows alternate. 3 Plate I. Nut Trees. (a) 5 to 9 leaflets. f 5 leaflets; first 3 much larger than last 0 . , , n ^ , 2 : middle leaflet pear shaped, fine Side leaflets not symmetrical ’ , 1 ,, , t : 1, < sawtoothed on the leaf stalk. Side leaflets symmetrical on j leaf stalk. ^ Middle leaflet oval, dull sawtoothed . f Middle leaflet on short footstalk . Middle leaflet, no footstalk {IP) Many leaflets. \ f Not symmetrical on footstalk 1 Symmetrical on footstalk 1 6 Plate I. 5 Plate II. Leaves, double feather shaped 7 f Pointed 8 Leaflets, double sawtoothed. Rounded 9 f Young shoots, very woolly 10 Leaflets, sawtoothed, -{ 1 Young shoots smooth ... n f 3 leaflets, irregularly notched, a vine 12 Leaflets on short stalks, main stalk winged 13 Leaflets, smooth. ■{ No footstalk on leaflets, grow in clusters 16 Leaflets on footstalks, pointed 14 Leaflets on footstalks, rounded at point 15 6 Plate III. Blackberry, Raspberry, and Roses. Leaflets pointed ; f 3 i Leaflets blunt. i 1 5 3 or 5 on young shoots. < f Weak prickles ; if 5 leaflets, the last 2 the largest White underneath. | Stout thorny ; if 5 leaflets, the last 2 the smallest . . . fNo prickles, middle leaflet dia- mond shaped . . . . Green both sides. -1 . ,, | Stout thorns, rough woolly . l^Weak prickles, smooth trailing, *7 18 J 9 20 leaflets, evergreen, trailing, blunt sawtoothed T Weak prickles , sharp sawtoothed or more leaflets.-^ \ Stout thorns, sharp sawtoothed . 24 S Plate IV. fVine; irregular sawtoothed 25 3 leaflets. [Shrub; fine and regular sawtoothed 26 I Pith in young shoots brown . .... 27 f Shrubs ; sharp sawtoothed. -J I Pith in young shoots white .... .28 3 or more leaflets. 57 58 59 60 61 62 16 51 Plate VII. *7 Plate VIII. f Teeth roundish, often 3 lobed, heart shaped, 84 f Stem not thorny. [ Teeth sharp, pointed . 63 Egg shaped, double sawtoothed. <{ f Often cut and lobed, leafstalk slender ... 65 I Stem thorny. ^ Sides of leafstalk leaflike 66 f Slightly irregular toothed, short leafstalk 64 Pear shaped.^ Sharp double sawtoothed, long leafstalk 67 l^Only upper half sawtoothed, short stalk 68 f Middle lobe pointed 69 Not toothed, lobed. Middle lobe cut off straight . I ^Long and narrow, many round lobes 70 7 1 18 Plate IX. Leaves irregular, otic half unlike other half. Large hooked teeth, footstalk uncovered Teeth less hooked, leafstalk covered by upper half of leaf Leaves regular. [ Bark purple gray, smooth . f Leaves grow in 2’s on last year’s shoots, -^ j l Bark dirty gray, ragged, paper-like . I Leaves single, bark leaden gray, smooth f Tree ; leaves grow single, bark ash gray, cracked Pear shaped. -cj Shrub; large leaves, heart shaped at leafstalk ^ Shrub; small leaves, pointed at leafstalk f Point and teeth rounded Egg shaped. < ( Point and teeth sharp, leaf large Triangular ; bark white and smooth ; tree Heart shaped ; bark white and smooth ; tree Diamond shaped ; bark reddish, broken, and ragged ; tree .......... Round, single sawtoothed ; shrub 20 85 86 7 2 73 78 79 80 82 83 81 74 75 76 77 81 Plate IX. 21 Plate X. Poplars and Willows Leaves roundish , long stalked. Round, irregular cut lobes and teeth, white and woolly below .... Round, 5 to 9 large, irregular cut, rounded teeth on each side .... Egg shaped, large, regular, rounded sawteeth Heart shaped, large regular, rounded sawteeth Heart shaped, thin, fine sawteeth with silky fringe Heart shaped, thick, leathery, regular sawtoothed Diamond shaped, broader than long Leaves very narrow and long. ■{ Leaves narrow oval. Leaves narrow egg shaped Leaves pear shaped. <( Leaves long, short stalked . Edge smooth, satin white below Edge smooth, both sides woolly Edge fine toothed, smooth below Fine sawtoothed, green both sides Fine sawtoothed, gray silky below Fine sawtoothed, silky when young, smooth . Fine sawtoothed, whitish below ^ Very fine sawtoothed, green both sides .... f Irregular sawtoothed ; whitish, smooth below j Sawtoothed; white, hairy, silky, below f Sides irregular toothed, smooth at point and bottom \ Irregular toothed, heart shaped at leafstalk .... [ Fine sawtoothed, smooth and very shiny both sides . Edge smooth or slightly wavy, gravish and woolly both sides Edge wavy; soft, crinkly, above, gray and woolly below . Edge smooth, whitish and smooth below Edge toothed, dull, and smooth, veins hairy below Edge fine toothed, smooth Edge coarse sawtoothed, sharp pointed, smooth .... 88 87 89 90 9 1 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 i°3 104 105 106 107 108 109 I to 1 1 1 I I 2 2 3 Plate XI. ('Sometimes no teeth I ' t or 2 teeth on each side.33 134 !3 6 138 132 1 3 5 1 3 7 139 140 141 142 r 47 1 46 143 144 : 45 26 Id.cL-^ to. £V .\_ <-/ ( Uv^v-«H^- JL J — «-^ - £?- O ^Nve Xv x-x t X '^\ W \ X X «L X, e ' | Leaf narrow, longer leafstalk, Oval. Round, both ends j Pointed both ends Round, long stalk Heart shaped, no stalk Pointed f Leaf small and narrow, no stalk trailing Low Bushes. Pear shaped. Egg shaped. Oval. Rounded. / Leaf larger, on leafstalk 1 With short point, edge smooth I So point, upper half wavy, evergreen c ,, , 1 Pointed Small and narrow. / Blunt, evergreen Small, heart shaped, evergreen Edge smooth ..... Fine, sawtoothed .... ( Not evergreen. Evergreen. Pointed. ( Edge smooth / Edge slightly toothed < Leaves scalelike, clasping the stem r 1 Evergreen. r), , , \ Leaves in Vs, stalked Blunt and opposite, j Nq stalk J i Very narrow and small, pointed j Rounded both ends I Hairy on leafstalk Shrubs and Trees. Pear shaped, long stalk, pointed . Oval, short stalk, pointed Oval, very short stalk, blunt . f Rounded sawteeth Oval. Pear shaped. Very short leafstalk. Longer leafstalk. Rounded point j Indistinctly toothed on sides j Fine, hairy, toothed Edge smooth . Wavy, woolly underneath No leafstalk, stem jointed, et 1 Long and blunt Rounded at leafstalk, tree I Pointed or narrowed in leafstalk. J , , , . ,1 Smooth . Long and narrow, hairy on edge. > Downy belovv Broad, limbs grow horizontal, tree [ Broad, aromatic odor, a shrub . . . . 28 smooth i sides 148 M9 1 S 1 182 1 So 184 186 161 164 166 1 77 160 >79 176 167 > 6 3 164 162 172 >74 168 >7> 170 169 155 >57 >59 >39 >59 156 >53 150 >5> 165 >54 >55 >5> >5 2 29 Plate XIV. [ Round, sparingly toothed . .... 202 Creeping evergreens, j ( Egg shaped, edge smooth 203 Leaves alternate, narrow egg shaped, long pointed 193 Pointed both ends. Leaves opposite. Trees and shrubs. Rounded at leafstalk. Round Broad egg shaped Oval ; bark red Narrow egg shaped Narrow oval; silky below Leaves in 4’s or 6's; low plant Long pear shaped, short point . Lgg shaped, mostly in 3's Egg shaped, blunt or oval Egg shaped, pointed . . . Egg shaped, leaves connected around stem Leaves opposite, upper leaves connected around the stem. Vines. Leaves narrow, pointed . Long oval, blunt 190 189 191 192 194 188 J 95 196 198 1 9 7 J 99 200 201 Plate XIY. 3i Plate XV. Needle Woods 0 f 2 in each bunch 3 in each bunch Needles growing in bunches.^ 5 in each bunch l^Many in a bunch, not evergreen | Needles flat, point blunt Needles growing single all round the stem. ' 1 Needles four edged, sharp pointed f Needles flat, blunt, upper one smaller Needles growing on top and sides only. [ Needles flat, pointed | Needles sharp, prickly, in 3's of equal size f Young shoots, 4 edged .... I Needles of 2 kinds. Scales on young shoots. ■{ Branches flat, slender, bluish green Compact, broad, dark green 205 206 207 204 208 209 2 1 o 2I 5 214 213 2 1 2 2 1 1 32 2.12 Plate XV. Jj 1. Shellbark. Carya alba. Tree, 80 ft. Shaggy bark, best of the nuts to eat. husk separate in 4 parts, nut pointed. 2. Pignut. Carya glabra. Tree, 70 ft. Bark light blue-gray, finely cracked, fruit pear shaped, ker- nel bitter ; nuts from some trees are edible. 3. Walnut. C 'ary a tomentosa. Tree, 70 ft. Bark dark ash-gray, rough furrowed, kernel sweet, leaves strong scented, nut round oval. 4. Bitternut. Carya atnara. Tree, 70 ft. Light-gray bark, less rough, fruit round, smooth, nut- shell thin, kernel very bitter. 5. Black Walnut. Juglans nigra. Tree, 70 ft. Bark dark gray, rough, fruit short stemmed, round, smooth, husk spongy, kernel oily, rich. 6. Butternut. Juglans cinerea. Tree, 40 ft. Bark gray, rough furrowed, fruit long stemmed, egg shaped, leathery husk, kernel oily but sweet. 7. Wild Sarsaparilla. Aralia hispida. 2 ft. The aromatic, spicy rootstock only woody, the shoots herb-like, black berries in a bunch. There are several kinds. 8. American Mountain Ash. Pyr us Americana. Shrub or slender tree, 20 ft. White blossoms, berries bright orange-red. 9. European Mountain Ash. Pyrus aucuparia. 40 ft. Has larger fruits. 10. Staghorn Sumach. Rhus typhina. Tree, 20 ft. Fruit scarlet, flowers yellowish-green ; young shoots covered with wool. 11. Smooth Sumach. Rhus glabra. Shrub, 10 ft. Yellowish-green scenting flowers, fruit velvety crimson, shoots smooth. 12. Poison Ivy. Rhus toxicodendron. Creeping and climbing; flowers yellowish-white; poisonous to touch. 34 i3- Shining Dwarf Sumach. Rhus copallina. Shrub, 6 ft. Branches and footstalks brown dotted, berries crimson. 14. Poison Dogwood. Rhus venenata. Shrub, 15 ft. Stem gray, young shoots purplish. Our most poisonous plant. 15. Locust. Robinia pseudacacia. Tree, 30 ft. blowers yellowish-white, beautifully scented, fruit a bean. 16. Prickly Ash. Xanthoxilum Americanuin. Shrub, 5 ft. Stem gray, shoots brown, wood yellow, bark bitter. 17. Raspberry. Rubus strigosus. Shrub, 4 ft. Flowers white, berries light red and finely flavored. 18. Thim bleberry. Rubus occidentalis. Shrub, 3 ft. Flowers white, berries purplish-black and good. 19. Dwarf Raspberry. Rubus triflonis. Shrub, t ft. Fruit a few red grains. 20. High Blackberry. Rubus villosus. Shrub, 6 ft. Berries black, large and late. There is a smooth and smaller trailing variety. 21. Low Blackberry. Rubus Canadensis. Trailing. Berries black, large, and sweet; early. 22. Swamp Blackberry. Rubus hispidus. Trailing. Berries of a few grains, red or purple, sour. 23. Dwarf Rose. Rosa lucida. Shrub, 2 ft. Flower rose color, fruit smooth. 24. Swamp Rose. Rosa Carolina. Shrub, 7 ft. Flower rose color, fruit bristly. 25. Clematis, or Virgin’s Bower. Clematis Virginiana. Climbing. Flowers white, fruit feathery. 26. Bladdernut. Staphylea trifolia. Shrub, 10 ft. Fruit a large, skinny pouch containing seeds; grows in wood swamps. 35 27 . 28. 2 9 - 3 °- 3 1 - 32 - 33 - 34 - 35 - 36 - 37 - 38 . 39 - 40 - Red Elder. Sambuccus pubens. Shrub, 6 ft. Flowers white, berries red. Black Elder. Sambuccus Canadensis. Shrub, 10 ft. Flowers white, fruit purplish-black, pleasant. Black Ash. Fraxinus sambucc folia. 'Free, 70 ft. Slender, dark granite-gray bark ; shoots yellow- ish with lighter dots. Red Ash. Fraxinus pubescens. "Free, 50 ft. Dark ashy-gray bark. White Ash. Fraxinus accuminata. Tree, 70 ft. Whitish bark; shoots gray-green, dotted gray. Buttonwood (Sycamore). Platanus occidental is. Tree, 100 ft. Bark gray, peeling off, show- ing light under bark. o o Sweet Gum Tree. Liquidambar styraciflua. Tree, 40 ft. Gray bark, with corky ridges on the branches; leaves fragrant when bruised. Swamp Gooseberry. Ribes lacust/e. Berries small, dark purple, and bristly. Roundleafed Gooseberry. Ribes rotundifolium. Berries small, purple, smooth, and sweet. Smooth Wild Gooseberry. Ribes hirtellum. Shrub, 3 ft. Berries small, purple, sweet, and smooth. Prickly Wild Gooseberry. Ribes cynosbati. Shrub, 3 ft. Berries large, covered with long prickles. Red Flowering Raspberry. Rubus odoratus. Shrub, 5 ft. Flowers large, purple-rose color; berries of few reddish grains. Black Currant. Ribes fioridum. Shrub, 4 ft. Flowers large, berries black. Red Currant. Ribes rubrum. Shrub, 3 ft. Straggling; fruit red and smooth. Red Swamp Currant. Ribes prostratum. Stem low, straggling ; berries red and bristly, smell- ing skunky. 3<3 4 1 • 4 2 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 5 ° 5i 5 2 53 Moonseed. Menispermum Canadense. Climbing vine. Flowers white; fruit grape-like; black berries. White Maple. Acer dasycarpum. 'Free, 60 ft. Stem gray; shoots light green-yellow, with brown dots or stripes. Sugar Rock, or Maple. Acer sacchcirinum. Tree, 80 ft. Stem blue-gray. From the sap of this tree maple sugar is made. Red Maple. Acer rubrum. Tree, 40 ft. Stem gray ; shoots crimson, dotted with brown. Mountain Maple. Acer s pica turn. Shrub, 10 ft. Light gray, with olive stripes; shoots light fresh green ; when older, light purple dotted or striped green. Striped Maple. Acer Pensylvcmicum. Tree, 20 ft. Stem brown striped; shoots green, white striped. Virginian Creeper. Ampelopsis quinquefolia. Vine. Berries upright, dark blue. Fox Grape. Vitis labrusca. Vine. Grapes dark purple, black, or white, in close bunches; Berries large, some pleasant. Early and late varieties. Summer Grape. Vitis aestivalis. Vine. Grapes dark blue, loose in the bunch; agreeable; ripe in October. Chicken Grape. Vitis cordifolia. Vine. Grape dark purple, almost black; as large as a pea; acid, but good ; ripens late. Rough or Post Oak. Quercus obtusiloba. Tree, 30 ft. Acorns on very short stems; small and sweet. Overcup Oak. Quercus macrocarpa. Tree, 40 ft. Acorns 1 in. long, deep in a mossy, fringed cup. 37 54 - 55 - 56 - 57 - 58 - 59 - Go. 6 1. 62. 63. 64. 65 - White Oak. Qucrcus alba. Tree, 60 ft. Acorns 1 in. long; eatable, particularly when roasted. Swamp Oak, Quercus discolor. Tree, 60 ft. Whitish shaggy bark, peeling off in shreds ; many horizontal branches ; acorns sweet. Rock Chestnut Oak. Qucrcus mouticola. Tree, 50 ft. Acorn 1 in. long, sweet; bark reddish-gray. Dwarf Chestnut Oak (Chinquapin). Qucrcus prim ides. Shrub, 4 ft. Our smallest oak. Acorns sweet, many on a limb ; bark bitter. Chestnut Oak. Qucrcus castanca. Tree, 30 ft. Bark whitish, wood very yellow; acorns y in. long, sweet, and eatable. Scrub Oak. Qucrcus ilicifolia. Shrub, 8 ft. Bark greenish-black, dotted with gray; acorns y in. long, bitter. Black Oak. Qucrcus tinctoria. Tree, 90 ft. Under bark yellow, wood reddish; acorns y, in. long, very bitter, kernel yellow. Red Oak. Quercus rubra. Tree, 75 ft. Bark dark green-gray, smooth ; acorns 1 in. long, kernel white and bitter. Scarlet Oak. Quercus coccinca. Tree, 70 ft. Bark reddish-gray, under bark reddish; acorns y? in. long, kernel white and bitter. Speckled Alder. Alnus incana. Shrub or tree, 20 ft. Bark reddish or dark green, with light gray dots. Common Alder, or Gray Alder. Alnus serrulata. Shrub, 15 ft. Bark gray, with horizontal, oblong, gray-orange dots. Scarlet Hawthorn. Crcetagus coccinea. Tree, 20 ft. Flowers white, rosy tinted; berries bright scarlet-red. 3S 66 . Black or Pear Thorn. Crcetagus tomentosti. Tree, 15 ft. Berries crimson or orange colored; roundish pear shaped ; edible. 67. Doited Fruit Thorn. Crcetagus punctata. Tree or shrub, 15 ft. Berries dull red, yellowish with white dots. 68. Cockspur Thorn. Crcetagus crusgalti. Tree, 20 ft. Berry bright red ; slender, long thorns. 69. Sassafras Tree. Sassafras officinalis. Tree, 30 ft. Young shoots, bright green ; oval, dark blue berries, on red stems. 70. Liriodend ron, or Tulip Tree. Liriodendron tulipifera. 'free, 100 ft. Flowers, 2 in. wide, greenish-yellow, marked with orange. 71. Sweetfern. Comptonia asplenifolia. Shrub, 2 ft. A round-headed bush ; leaves fragrant. 72. Black Birch. Bctula lenta. Tree, 80 ft. Bark dark purplish, smooth ; leaves aromatic, spicy. 73. Yellow Birch. Betula exeelsa. 'Free, 80 ft. Bark dirty yellowish-gray, with silvery lustre, peel- ing off and shaggy. 74. White B irch. Betula populifolia. 'Free, 40 ft. Bark chalky white, with black spots. 75. Canoe Birch. Betula papyracea. 'Free, 100 ft. Bark white, with pearly shine. 76. Red Birch. Betula nigra. free, 50 ft. Bark reddish-chocolate color, ragged and broken. 77. Dwarf Birch. Betula p until a. Shrub, 2 ft. Bark brownish, dotted with warty specks. 78. Hornbeam. Carpinus Americana. Free, 20 ft. Stem ridged; bark bluish-gray, smooth; nuts 8 sided, taste like chestnuts; white, hard wood. 79. Iron or Lever wood. Ostrya Virginica. Free, 40 ft. Bark brownish, finely furrowed; very hard, white wood; nut small and smooth. 39 8o 8 1 82 s 3 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 9 1 92 93 94 95 Common Hazel Nut. Corylus Americana. Shrub, 8 ft. Fruit cover leafy. Beaked Hazel Nut. Corylus rostrata. Shrub, 6 ft. Fruit cover long-beaked and bristly. Meadow Sweet. Spircea salicifolia. Shrub, 6 ft. Flowers white ; stem red-copper color. Hard hack. Spircea tomentosa. Shrub, 5 ft. Flowers purple-rose color; stem dark bronze. Ninebark. Spircea opulifolia. Shrub, 7 ft. Flowers white, with rosy tinge. American Elm. Ulmtts Americanus. Tree, 120 ft. branches often cover 100 ft. Slippery Elm. Ulmtis fulva. Tree, 50 ft. Inner bark eatable. Large Toothed Poplar. Populus grandidentata . Tree, 50 ft. Bark light greenish-gray, smooth, leathery. Silver Poplar. Populus alba. Tree, 70 ft. Light gray bark and white foliage. Balsam Poplar. Populus balsamifera. Tree, 80 ft. Bark light gray, smooth, leather-like. Balm of Gilead. Populus candicans. Tree, 100 ft. Bark light gray, and large, sticky leaf buds. American Aspen. Populus tremuloides. Tree, 40 ft. Bark white clay-colored, smooth, and leathery ; dark brown, triangular blotches under the limbs. Necklace Poplar (Cottonwood). Populus monilifera. Tree, 80 ft. Bark dark gray; fruit with large, white, cotton tufts. Lombardy Poplar. Populus dilatata. Tree, 70 ft. Bark brown-gray ; branches not spreading, shape like a shut umbrella. Basket Osier. Salix viminalis. Small tree, 15 ft. Best willow for basket work; grows in wet meadows. Hoary Willow. Salix Candida, Shrub, 5 ft. Twigs reddish ; a whitish-looking bush. 40 96. Long- Leaved Willow. Salix long folia. Tree, 20 ft. Stems and branches often laying on tire ground, taking root. 97. Weeping Willow. Salix Jiabylonica. Free, 25 ft. Tranches and leaves drooping. 98. Silky- Leaved Willow. Salix sericea. Shrub, 10 ft. Of grayish appearance, on sandy river- banks. 99. Stalked Willow. Salix petiolaris. Shrub, 10 ft. 100. Brittle Willow. Salix fragilis. Tree, 40 ft. Bark very rough ; young shoots, smooth, polished green. 101. Black Willow. Salix nigra. Tree, 25 ft. Rough bark. 102. Silky-Headed Willow. Salix ericephalus. Shrub or small tree, 15 ft. Fruit long, silky. 103. White Willow. Salix alba. 'Free, 80 ft. Young shoots bright yellow or reddish. 104. Smooth Willow. Salix discolor. Shrub, 15 ft. Grows in low meadows. 105. Heart-Shaped Willow. Salix cordata. Shrub or small tree, 15 ft. 106. Shining Willow. Salix lucida. Shrub or tree, 15 ft. Beautiful, glossy. 107. Dwarf Gray Willow. Salix tristis. Shrub, ft. 108. Low Bush Willow. Salix humilis. Shrub, 8 ft. 109. Stalk-Fruited Willow. Salix pedicellaris. Shrub, 3 ft. 1 10. Long-Beaked Willow. Salix rostrata. Small tree, 15 ft. hi. Purple Willow. Salix purpurea. Small tree, 15 ft. Polished olive-colored branches. 112. Salix Rigida. Shrub, 15 ft. 4 ' ii3- Chestnut. Castanea vesca. Tree, ioo ft. 3 sweet nuts in a burr, bark, dark lead-gray. 1 1 4. Beach. Fagus ferruginea. l'ree, 70 ft. 2 triangular nuts in each cup; bark light gray, smooth. 115. Linden, Basswood. Tilia Americana. Tree, 40 ft. Yellowish-white fragrant flowers. 1 16. Witch Hazel. Hamamelis Virginica. Shrub, 20 ft. Yellow flowers; late in autumn when leaves have fallen. 1 17. Mullberry Red. Morus rubra. Tree, 30 ft. Dark purple, blackberry-like berries. 1 18. Hackberry Nettlelree. Celtis occidentalis. Tree, 40 ft. Sweet cherry-like berries. 119. Buckthorn Common. Rhamnus catharticus. Small tree, 20 ft. Black, purging berries in clusters. 120. Alderleafed Buckthorn. Rhamnus alnifolius. Shrub, 3 ft. Black pear shaped berries with 3 kernels. 121. Holly. Ilex opaca. Tree, 20 ft. Flowers white, bright scarlet-red berries. 122. Canadian Holly. Nemopanthus Canadensis. Shrub, 10 ft. Beautiful pale crimson berries on long red stems. 123. Winterberry (Black Alder). Ilex verticillata. Shrub, 10 ft. Bright red berries on short stems, scattered on branches. 124. Singleberry Holly. Ilex leevigata. Shrub, 10 ft. Orange-red berries on very short stems. 125. Inkberry. Ilex glabra. Shrub, 6 ft. Evergreen white flowers and black berries. 126. New Jersey Tea. Ceanothus Americanus. Shrub, 3 ft. White flowers, in clusters; white dower stems. 127. Clethra. Clethra alnifolia. Shrub, 6 ft. White fragrant dowers, late in August. 42 128. Stafftree (Waxwork). Celastrus Scandens. Vine, orange-red berries, in clusters. 129. Sweet Gale. Myrica gale. Shrub, 4 ft. A dark bush, growing in patches in swamps. 130. Bayberry (Wax Myrtle). Myrica cerifera. Shrub, 7 ft. Leaves and berries with balsamic odor. 13 1. Barberry (Common). Bcrberis vulgaris. Shrub, 6 ft. Flowers yellow, long oval, orange berries in clusters, thorny, wood yellow. 132. Shad bush. Amelanchier Canadensis. Shrub, or small tree, 15 ft. Pear shaped purplish berries, sweet. 133. Chokeberry. Pyras arbutifolia. Shrub, 5 ft. Reddish-purple, dry puckery berry. 134. Yellow Plum. Prunus Americana. Tree, 15 ft. Reddish-orange, puckery plum. 135. Beach Plum. Prunus maritima. Shrub, 4 ft. Plum roundish, purple. 136. Bullace Tree. Prunus spinosa. 'Free, 15 ft. Plum round, black, with yellowish bloom. 137. Wild Red Cherry. Cerasus Pensylvanica. Tree, 15 ft. Small, sour, red cherries. 138. Sandcherry. Cerasus pumila. Trailing, 1 ft. Dark red cherries ; eatable. 139. Black, or Rum Cherry. Cerasus scrotina. Tree, 40 ft. Black-purplish, aromatic cherries. 140. Choke Cherry. Cerasus Virginiana. Tree, 10 ft. Dark red, pleasant, but puckery cherries. 141. Withe Rod. Viburnum nudum. Shrub, 10 ft. Berries dark blue. 142. Sweet Viburnum. Viburnum lentago. Shrub, 15 ft. Berries dark scarlet color. 143. Arrow Wood. Viburnum dent atum. Shrub, 10 ft. Berries dark blue-lead color. 144. Maple-Leafed Arrow Wood. Viburnum acrifolium. Shrub, 6 ft. Berries blue-black. 43 i 45 - 146. 1 47- 148. 149. 150. js 1 - 1 5 2 - 1 53- 1 54- 1 55- ! 5 6 - I S 7 - H 8 - ! 59 - 160. 161. Cranberry Tree. Viburnum opulus. Shrub, 10 ft. Berries red, pleasant acid. Wayfaring Tree ( Hobblebush ). Viburnum lantanoides. Shrub, 20 ft. Berries egg shaped, dark red. 3 Flowered Buckthorn. Diervilla trifida. Shrub, 4 ft. Flowers yellow. Greenbriar. Smilax rotundifolium. Thorny vine, green stem, blue-black berries. Smilax Carrion Flower. Smilax herbacea. Vine not thorny, flowers stink. Persimmon. Diospyros , Virginiana. Tree, 30 ft. Plumlike, fruit edible after frost. Tupelo, Pepperidge. Nyssa multiflora. Tree, 30 ft. Horizontal branches, blue berries. Feverbush. Benzoin odoriferutn. Shrub, 10 ft. Flowers yellow, berries red, leaves fragrant. Rhodora. Rhodora Canadensis. Shrub, 5 ft. Flower purple rose color. White Azalea (Swamp Pink). Azalea viscosa. Shrub, 8 ft. White fragrant flowers. Pink Azalea. Azalea nadiflora. Shrub, 5 ft. Dark red flower, fragrant before leaves. Leather Wood. Dirca palustris. Shrub, 5 ft. Bark very tough, stem looks jointed. Staggerbush. Leucothoe racemosa. Shrub, 6 ft. White flower, cylindrical bell shaped. Andromeda Ligustriana. Shrub, 8 ft. White flower, round, globular bell shaped. (a) Leaves and edge smooth ( glabrum ). High -Bush Blueberry. Vaccinum corymbosum. Shrub, 8 ft. (/') Leaves and edge bristly, hairy ( amcenum ). (e) Leaves woolly below, berries black ( atrococcum ). Pinweed. Lechea. Heath-like bushes, 1 ft. Purple-brown flowers. Sun rose. Helianthemum Canadense. 1 ft. Flower yellow. 44 162. Medium Blueberry. Vaccimim vacillans. Shrub, 2 ft. Late blueberry. 163. Low Blueberry. Vaccinum Pensylvanicum . Shrub, 1 ft. Earliest blueberry; also a black variety. 164. Huckleberry. Gaylussacia resinosa. Shrub, 2 ft. Berries shining black, sweet; leaves dotted below. 165. Dangleberry. Gaylussacia frondosa. Shrub, 5 ft. Berries large, blue on slender stem; acid. 166. Canada Huckleberry. Gaylussacia dumosa. Shrub, 2 ft. Berries large, black, tasteless. 167. Deerberry. Vaccimim stamineum. Shrub, 3 ft. Berries greenish-white. Not eatable. 168. Hudsonia. Heath-like sand plants, 6 in., of gray aspect ; flowers yellow. 169. Rhododendron (Rose Bay). Rhododendron maximum. Shrub, 7 ft. Flowers pale rose color. 170. Magnolia. Magnolia glauca. Shrub, 8 ft. Flowers large, white. 17 1. Laurel. Kalmia latifolia. Shrub, 8 ft. Flowers white, and pinkish-white. 172. Sheep’s Laurel. Kalmia angus/folia. Shrub, 2 ft. Flowers deep rose-red ; leaves in 3’ s. 173. Dwarf Laurel. Kalmia glauca. Shrub, 1 ft. Flowers pale lilac-purple, leaves opposite. 174. Labrador Tea. Ledum latifolium. Shrub, 3 ft. Flowers white, leaves rusty- woolly below. 175. Cranberry. Vaccinum macrocarpon. Shrub, 2 ft. Berries large, bright scarlet-red. 176. Dwarf Cranberry. Vaccinum oxycoccus. Plant, C ft. Berries red, small. 177. Cassandra. Cassandra calyculata. Shrub, 3 ft. Flowers white, grows in patches in meadows. 178. Crowberry. Corona conradi. Shrub, 2 ft. Flowers purple, heath-like plant. 179. Water Andromeda. Andromeda polifolia. Shrub, 1 ft. Flowers snow-white or flesh color. 45 180. Cowberry. Vaccinum vitis-idcea. Shrub, 6 in. Creeping ; berries dark red, bitter. 1 8 1 . Wintergreen. Chimaphila umbellata. Plant, 6 in. Flower flesh color. 182. Wintergreen. Chimaphila macu/ata. Plantain. Leaves spotted with white. 183. Checkerberry (Boxberry). Gaultheria procumbens. Plant, 4 in. Berries red, and leaves spicy. 184. Pyrola. Low-creeping evergreens. Flower stems, 8 in. Flowers pale greenish-white. 185. Bearberry. Arctostaphylos uva ursi. Trailing plant, on rocks. Leaves thick, berries red. 186. Sno wherry. Chiogenes hispidula. Creeping plant with white berries. Edible. 187. Mayflower. Epigcea repens. Creeping. Flowers rose color, or pearly white, fragrant. 188. Dwarf Cornel ( Bunchberry). Cornus Canadensis. Plant, 6 in. Flowers white, berries red, in bunches. 189. Flowering Dogwood. Cornus florida.. Tree, 10 to 30 ft. Flowers white, berries bright scarlet. 190. Roundleafed Cornel. Cornus circinata. Shrub, 6 to 10 ft. Flowers white, berries blue, turning whitish. 1 9 1 . Red Osier Dogwood. Cornus stolonifera. Shrub, 3 to 6 ft. Blood red stems, fruit white, or lead color. 192. Panicled Cornel. Cornus paniculata. Shrub, 4 to 8 ft. Flowers white, berries round, pale white. 193. Alternate Leaved Cornel. Cornus alternifolia. Shrub, 8 to 20 ft. Flowers pale yellowish- white, berries blue-black. 46 ig4- Silky Cornel (Kinnikinnik). Cornus sericea. Shrub, 3 to 10 ft. Flowers white inside, yel- low outside. 195. Liguster, Privet, Prim. Ligustrum vulgare. Shrub, 8 ft. Flowers white, berries shining black. 196. Buttonbush. Cephalanthus occidenta/is. Shrub, 10 ft. Flowers in yellowish-white balls. 197. Fly Honeysuckle. Lonicera ciliata. Shrub, 5 ft. Pale greenish-yellow flowers in two, to one red berry. 198. Hairy Fly Honeysuckle. Lonicera car idea. Shrub, 3 ft. Flowers yellow, berries blue. 199. Feverroot ( Horsegentian). Triosteum perfoZiatum. Shrub, 3 ft. Flowers purple, in clusters, berries orange. 200. Small Honeysuckle. Lonicera parviflora. Vine. Yellow tinged purple flowers, berries orange. 201. Hairy Honeysuckle. Lonicera hirsuta. Vine. Flowers pale yellow outside, rich orange inside, berries orange. 202. T winflower. Linncea borealis. Creeping. Flowers in 2’s, white and rose-tinted ; fruit dry. 203. Partridge Berry. Mitchella repens. Creeping. Bowers in 2’s, white or rose color, fragrant, scarlet berries. 204. Larch (Hackmatack). Larix Americanus. Tree, 70 ft. Cones y? in. long; bark bluish-gray. 205. Red Pine. Pinus resinosa. Tree, 70 ft. Bark reddish, rather smooth; cones 2 in. long, in clusters, not prickly. 206. Pitch Pine. Pinus rigida. Tree, 60 ft. Very rough, dark bark; very pitchy cones, 2 in. long, prickly. 47 207. White Pine. Pitius strobus. Tree, 150 ft. Bark smooth; cones 5 in. long, not prickly; brittle, soft, white wood. 208. Balsam Fir. Abies balsamca. Tree, 40 ft. Cones 3 in. long, standing upward on the limbs. 209. Black Spruce. Abies nigra. Tree, 50 ft. Cones 1 in. long, hanging downwards from limb. 210. Hemlock Spruce. Abies Canadensis. Tree, 70 ft. Cones )/ 2 in. long; most graceful tree when young; poor wood, very knotty, hard; bark smooth. 211. Arbor Vitae. Thuja occidentalis . Tree, 40 ft. Cones small, in. long. 212. White Cedar. Cupressus thyoides. Tree, 60 ft. Cones as large as peas. In swamps. 213. Red Cedar. Juniperus Virginiana. 'Free, 30 ft. Wood red, fragrant; berries blue. 214. D warf Cedar. Juniperus communis. Spreading shrub, 2 ft. Dark purple berries. 215. Ground Hemlock. Taxus baccata. Low, struggling bush Red berries. 48 - _ 'V a' f I to • facilitate the study off New England’s natural history. ! T^ach boqklet covers its branch completely, and contains correct drawings of each subject. IN PREPARATION : • The DAY BUTTERFLIES, Thfe BEETLES. 4 ' • • p^ice, ‘ • ’ f hd FRESH WATER FISHES, ; * • 50 CENTS EACH, (FROGS, TURTLES, and SNAKES; postpaid. » i L etc. H M\ 1 1 M t. E. KNOBEL, ...i $ . J ; ENDICOTT, P. O. Box 11 .